SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
MUSEUM
O F
NATURAL
HISTORY
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
A Review of the Genus
Cryptocephalus
in America North of Mexico
(Chrysomelidae : Coleoptera)
RICHARD E. WHITE
Systematic Entomology Laboratory
USDAf U.S. National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
CITY OF WASHINGTON
1968
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Introduction
Leconte in 1880 published the last general treatment and key to the
members of the genus Cryptocephalus Miiller. Since numerous
changes were subsequently made and new species have been described,
his paper is now out of date. This lack of an up-to-date key has greatly
hindered recent work on the genus, and the need for a reexamination of
the species and a new key is quite apparent.
The present study began as a thorough revision of a partial, unpub-
lished manuscript key by the late C. SchaefTer, but the need for a more
complete treatment of the genus, including descriptions and illustra-
tions to confirm doubtful determinations, led to its present form. A
total of 71 species and 33 subspecies are included herein. Three species
are newly synonymized, and three species are revahdated. Twelve new
species and six new subspecies are described.
This paper is based almost entirely on the specimens in the U.S.
National Museum, a total of over 4,600 individuals; this series includes
all but one (pallidicinctus Fall) of the North American species described
previous to 1966. Numerous new state records and new host data have
been compiled from these specimens.
My thanks are offered to John Wilcox of the New York State
Museum and to Burdette E. White of Ferris, California, for assistance
during the study and for the loan of specimens, to Howard Evans of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology for examination of one of
Leconte's types, and to Hugh Leech of the Cahfornia Academy of
Sciences and to Charles Triplehorn of the Ohio State University for the
loan of specimens.
History— The taxonomic history of the genus Cryptocephalus for
North America began in 1787 when Fabricius described two species;
in 1798, he described another species that was subsequently renamed
because it was a homonym. In 1801, Fabricius added one more species.
Ohver (1808) described three species, all presently vahd. Germar
(1824) described a single species now placed in Cryptocephalus. Say
(1824) described nine species, two that remain in Cryptocephalus (one
is a subspecies) , two that are now synonyms, and five that are now
placed in other genera. Randall (1838) described a single species here
ranked as a subspecies. Newman (1840) described eight species; two
remain in Cryptocephalus, two are now ranked as synonyms, and the
other four are in other genera. Melsheimer (1848) described 16 species,
only two of which now remain in Cryptocephalus. Haldeman (1849)
1
2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
described the subgenus Canthosteihus and twelve species that he placed
in Cryptocephalus; four are now synonyms, and eight are accepted as
valid. Suffrian (1852a) added four names to the list; three are now
vahd, and one is a synonym. Also, Suffrian (1852b) later added six
names, two that are synonyms and four that are now valid. Then in
1858 he contributed three more names; two are presently vahd and one
now a synonym. Leconte (1859a and 1859b) described two new
species, both of which are presently accepted. Crotch (1874) described
C. nigerrimus, now ranked as a subspecies. Leconte (1880) presented
a key to the North American species of Cryptocephalus known to him
and described eight species; one is herein synonymized, and the other
seven are accepted as vahd. Jacoby (1880) described a single species
that is now a part of the North American fauna. Casey (1884) added
a single name to the Ust, but this is now a synonym. Linell (1897)
described a presently vahd species. Schaeffer (1904), in the first of a
series of papers including members of the genus, described two species
that are presently valid. In 1906, he added four new species. Blatchley
(1913) described sanfordi, presently a synonym of luteolus Newman.
Clavareau (1913) changed two of the names accepted at that time, and
one remains in use. Schaeffer (1920) described three additional species,
all from the southwest. Blatchley (1923) presented notes on this genus
in which he correctly validated two names previously ranked as
synonyms and synonymized one name. Fall (1932) described five new
species in the genus; four remain unaltered; one, having been synony-
mized, is herein revahdated as a subspecies. Schaeffer (1933) described
three new species and two new subspecies; in 1934 (in the last of his
papers on this genus) he described three new species and two new
subspecies in addition to contributing taxonomic notes. In 1937,
Burdette E. White described one new species and two new subspecies.
Biology — Little is known about the biotic associations of Crypto-
cephalus species. The larvae are apparently all case bearers, and most
are thought to feed on dead vegetable material on the surface of the
soil. The adults feed on leaves, flowers, or fruits of plants, and the
data on the labels of some specimens record them as feeding on
economically important plants. A few species for which we have
numerous records on adult habits apparently feed on a variety of
plants. No North American species are recorded in the literature as
important pests.
Morphology — The diagnostic characters of Cryptocephalus are as
follows: Front edge of prosternum lateral to each coxa straight;
claws simple; pronotum crenulate at its base. This combination of
characters serves to distinguish the genus from aU other North
American genera of Cryptocephalinae.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 3
Color and pattern: In what I consider to be the primitive species of
the genus (the basalis group), the color is almost enthely black with
red or orange markings. The head, body, appendages, pronotum, and
much of the elytra are black, and usually there are red or orange basal
and apical spots on each elytron. In some species {arizonensis group),
the black of the elytra (and sometunes the pronotum) has a shining
bluish or greenish luster. In these species, the pronotum and ventral
surfaces are either black or orange.
In most species, the usual body color can best be described as creamy
yellow, and this frequently varies to hght, medium, or deep orange.
Infrequently true yellows are represented among the species. Past
descriptions often refer to yellow markings, but comparison of the
specimens with a color chart shows that this color is often creamy
yellow or light orange rather than yellow. The creamy yellow or orange
frequently forms the background on both the pronotum and elytra for
dark markings of various sorts. Sometimes these dark markings pre-
dominate and seem to form the background for light markings. In
North American species, the dark markings vary from orange or red
to brown shading to black. Occasionally the pronotum is nearly or
quite unicolorous creamy yellow to orange or even red. In most species,
the discal portion of the pronotum bears markings darker than the
remainder that may be quite distinct to vague. The light (background)
color most often appears on both sides of the disk as two obUque
basal spots located on each side at the extreme lateral margin and at
the extreme apical margin. This basic pattern (fig. 16), I believe, has
served as the starting point for the other pronotal patterns as follows:
Extension of the light basal spots produces the pattern of the pro-
notum of cuneatus Fall (fig. 11), in which there are apparently three
sub equal, subparallel, longitudinal dark vittae; addition of a light
median stripe to this pattern leads to the pattern found in the leuco-
melas and amatus species groups (figs. 12 to 15). The elytral pattern,
when present, varies greatly interspecifically. The pattern may be
predominant light or dark markings and may consist of spots of
transverse undulate (rarely straight) bands, or longitudinal dark
vittae, or of median vittae and lateral spots, or may be irregular.
In a few species, the elytra bear vague markings, only a humeral spot,
or no distinct markings. Infrequently, the entire body is unicolorous
yellowish or hght orange. The dark elytral markings vary from dis-
tinct and sharply delimited to indistinct or obsolete.
Pubescence: The ventral surface, appendages, and pygidium of all
species are more or less pubescent. The pubescence varies in density
from the thick, whitish pubescence of pubiventris Schaeffer to the
short and sparse pubescence of cerinus B. E. White. Only four species
4 V.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
bear distinct pubescence on the dorsal surface. The species basalis
Suffrian, mucoreus Leconte, and lunatus, new species, have pubescence
on both the pronotum and elytra; puhicollis Linell has pubescence
only on the pronotum. The pubescence of the dorsal surface is rather
short and not dense; it somewhat obscures the surface.
Shape: All the species are more or less compact, cylindrical, and
blunt on each end, and there is no great variation in the general shape.
The most elongate species is atrofasciatus Jacoby, up to 2.0 times as
long as wide. Most species range from 1.6 to 1.8 times as long as wide.
In the great majority of the species, the pronotal profile is more or
less evenly rounded from front to back. In only two species {gibbicollis
Haldeman and aulicus Haldeman), the pronotum is slightly to
distinctly bulging at its center, and the outline of the pronotum is
thus more gibbous than usual.
Head: The head can best be described as disklike; it is flat anteriorly
and inserted into the thorax. When seen anteriorly, it is almost circular,
and its frontal plane is nearly or quite parallel to that of the anterior
margin of the prothorax. It fits tightly into the anterior cavity of the
thorax and is either concealed or nearly concealed from a dorsal view.
The surface is alutaceous to smooth and usually bears rather large,
distinct punctation. The vertex often bears a short coronal suture or
slight depression and frequently is more darkly pigmented than the
remainder of the head. The eyes form the lateral margins of the head
and are elongate reniform when seen anteriorly; they do not bulge
from the head surface (from a dorsal view they do bulge somewhat),
and the facets are small. The eyes do not reach the mandibles at their
lower margin, and they are distinctly separated at their upper margin.
The clypeus is large and distinct, and its basal suture is usually
distinct and is located between the bases of the antennae. The lateral
margins are distinct and usually diverging so the clypeus is generally
broader apically than basally. The apical margin of the clypeus (the
point of insertion of the labrum) is inwardly arcuate and sometimes
bears pubescence. The labrum is rather broadly tab-shaped, generally
broader than long, and has rounded corners. It frequently bears a
transverse row of anteriorly directed hairs before the apex. The
maxillary palpi are 3-segmented, short, and more or less stout; the
labial palpi are 2-segmented and similar to the maxillary palpi in
form.
Antennae: Each antenna is inserted at a basal corner of the clypeus;
the points of insertion are separated by about the length of the first
antennal segment and are distant from the eyes by about the hori-
zontal diameter of an eye or a little less. The antennae are 11-seg-
mented, are generally over one-half to nearly as long as the body, and
are longer in the male than in the female. The first segment is the
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AAIERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 5
stoutest and among the longest; the second is the shortest. The apical
five or six segments are triangular and elongate and longer and
broader than the intermediate segments; each apical segment'ls often
about the length of the basal segment. The terminal segments are
generally darker in color and more pubescent than the others.
Pronotum: The surface of the pronotum nearly always bears two
sizes of punctures. The smaller punctures are often detectable only
under higher powers of a microscope and may be absent or obscured
by the alutaceous surface of the pronotum. The larger punctures vary-
widely in both size and density: they may be just distinguishable from
the small punctures or large and coarse. The pronotum is most often
nearly evenly rounded throughout and resembles a segment of a
sphere. In two species (gibbicollis and aulicus), it is distinctly bulging
medially. This shape is present to a lesser extent in other species. In a
few species, the pronotum is not evenly rounded but is much flatter in
profile than usual, for example, leucomelas Suffrian. The lateral margin
is sharp and distinctly raised and meets the anterior margin at nearly
a right angle to form a sharp, posteriorly directed point at its hind
angle. The pronotum posteriorly is not margined and is closely applied
to the elytra. The posterior edge of the pronotum bears numerous fine
teeth that are normally concealed when the elytra and pronotum are
close together, but usually the first few at each side are visible.
Scutellum: The scutellum is tongue-shaped and bears a distinct
notch at the base. It does not lie flat, is nearly always higher apically,
and extends above the surrounding elytra.
Elytra: The chief surface features of the elytra are the punctures.
These nearly always form distinct rows and vary greatly in both size
and density. In aU species, the punctures form a scutellar and a mar-
ginal row of punctures (fig. 1). Also, in nearly aU species, the remaining
punctures form seven, eight, or nine rows (striae). Most often two or
three rows at the side are crowded, confused, intertwined, or inter-
rupted, and infrequently aU the rows are distinct and even tlu-oughout.
In a few cases, the lateral rows are distinct and even but have an
additional short series of punctures behind the humerus. The rows are
nearly always faintly to distinctly finer apicaUy, and the combined
first and second numbered rows and the last numbered row are
usuaUy distinct and clearly united at the apex (fig. 2). In some species,
the punctures at the apex are confused, and the combined fii-st and
second rows and the last row are totally obscured in this area (fig. 3) .
When there are nine rows (this, I beheve, is a primitive condition),
the following unite at the apex: the second and ninth, the thud and
fourth, the fifth and sixth, and the seventh and eighth. The elytral
punctures are largest and sparsest in cribripennis Leconte; in most
species, the punctures are distinctly smaUer and denser. A sinuous
Q U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
epipleuron is present at the basal half of the elytra. The humerus is
quite evident in nearly all species, and there is a tendency in some
toward convexity of the elytral intervals, usually most evident at the
side of the elytra.
Thoracic sternites: In all species, the anterior margin of the
prosternum lateral to each coxa is straight from a side view and
evenly rounded from an anterior view. The anterior margin of the
prosternum between the coxae is usually produced into a lobe or spine
but is unmodified in some. A lobe, when present, generally points
anteriorly, or diagonally downward; spines generally point downward.
The median portion of the prosternum is flat, slightly concave, or
even convex. The posterior margin on each side behind the coxae is
broadly emarginate, and each side is produced posteriorly into a more
or less distinct, stout, pointed lobe. The coxae are inserted at about
the middle of the prosternum and are separated by about their diam-
eter or a little less. The mesosternum is quite short and partially
overlaid by the prosternal processes ; the visible portion is often nearly
quadrate. The metasternum is distinctly wider than long and bears a
longitudinal, median groove or depression. The metasternum is
narrowest between the insertions of the second and third pair of legs
and broadest at its side. The metepisternum is triangular and broadest
anteriorly; it is generally rather coarsely sculptured and more pu-
bescent than the rest of the ventral surface. The metepimeron is much
reduced.
Abdomen: The abdomen consists of five dissimilar segments; all
sutures except the fourth (usually), are distinct and straight. The
first segment is the largest and at its center is usually nearly as long
as the others combined. The second and third segments are subequal
and shorter than the others; they are nearly parallel side to side or
are wider laterally. The suture of the fourth segment lies at an angle
to the others, and the segment is visible as a narrow triangle on each
side or is narrowly visible at the middle and more broadly so on each
side. The fifth segment is about half the length of the first, and the
apical margin is broadly arcuate. At its center, the fifth segment bears
a more or less broad deep pit (female) or is simple (male). The
pygidium is quite large in all species; it is usually coarsely punctate
and in some is more or less distinctly, longitudinally carinate at the
center.
Legs : The first and second pairs of coxae are more or less globular,
and the third pair is transversely oval. The trochanters are interstitial
and somewhat triangular; the femora are stout and broadest at about
their middle. The tibiae are a little longer than the femora, are broadest
apically, and lack spines. Each tarsus is about two-thirds the length
of a tibia, and its first thi-ee segments bear dense pads of pubescence
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO ^
beneath; the third segment is bilobed. The last segment is rather broad
apically, and the claws are divergent and simple.
Sexual characters: The most reliable character for distinguishing the
sexes is the form of the fifth abdominal segment. In all femalesrthis
segment bears a distinct, deep depression at the center. The depre'ssion
is nearly always broad and sharply margined anteriorly; there is often
a rather long series of hairs arising from the anterior margin of the
depression. In striatulus Leconte, this depression is less developed tlian
usual but is stiU quite distinct. The fifth abdominal segment of the
male at its center is convex to flat or even slightly depressed. Also,
there are often sexual differences in the development of the anterior
margin of the prostemum. When these occur, the male tends to bear a
spine, and the female bears a lobe. Sometimes both sexes bear a lobe
but that of the male is more pointed than that of the female. In a few
species, there are distinct to barely detectable sexual differences in
the color or color pattern; also, in some species, males are smaller than
females. The color and size differences can sometimes be used for rapid
sexing of specimens. In mutahilis Melsheimer and insertus Haldeman,
nearly all males can be distinguished from females on the basis of these
characters. In mntabilis, small individuals with the black markings
are invariably males, and large individuals with the dark reddish
markings are females. In insertus, the males are generally smaller and
have more complete dark markings than the females. In both venustus
simplex Haldeman and v. ornatulus Clavareau, the color patterns of
the sexes are quite distinct. Unfortunately, the males of both these (I
beUeve) are identical to the males of v. venustus F. In some species
that show a distinct difference in the sizes of the sexes, there may be
Uttle or no overlap in length, but this has not been explored thoroughly.
Genitalia: The male genitalia of selected species have been extracted,
cleared in KOH, and illustrated (figs. 112-140). Included are new
species, their nearest relative, many of the new subspecies, and at least
one member of species groups not represented by any of the former.
Representatives of different species groups can often be distinguished
on the basis of external appearance of these parts, but the genitalia of
related species usually do not offer useful external characters. Once
the genitalia are cleared, the internal processes become visible, and
these offer characters useful in distinguisliing species. I have found
generally that the subspecies of a species show little or no differences
in the internal and external form of the parts; for example, the geni-
taHa of the subspecies of venustus are essentially identical; the same is
true of the subspecies of notatus F.
Notes on the important findings resulting from the genitahc work
are included under the appropriate species. The illustrative technique
used to portray the genitalia (Coquille board) has been found ideal for
8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
this purpose. It allows the degree of pigmentation of the parts to be
shown, which is impossible to do with a simple line drawing. Female
genitalia have not been examined.
Species groups — The following groups were formulated without
reference to the species groups advanced by Suffrian (1858, p. 345).
The groups that I here recognize and the basis for distinguishing
these groups are somewhat similar to those of Suffrian. Primarily, I
have depended on similarities in the elytral striae and the pronotal
and elytral color pattern for grouping species. The characters pre-
sented as typical of or similar within the species of each group are
briefly described, but no attempt has been made to make the charac-
ters that are discussed directly comparable between groups; in all
cases, however, the elytral striae and color pattern are described.
The groups are named on the basis of the species which most clearly
shows the characters typical of the group. The characters listed are
presented in approximate order of their reliability, the first character
being the most distinctive for that particular group. Those least
distinctive or consistent are at or near the end of the description.
Basalis group: basalis Suffrian, binominis Newman, lunatus, new species,
mucoreus Leconte, muUisignatus Schaeffer, nolatus F., pinicola Scliaeffer, pubicol-
lis Linell, pubiventris Schaeffer, quadruplex Newman.
Head, pronotum, ventral surface, and appendages black or very
dark; each elytron black with basal and apical spots red to orange,
sometimes both joining at side, or sometimes with apical spot absent,
infrequently with elytra entu'ely red to orange: usually with nine
(sometimes eight) rows of small, distinct punctures, often with two
or three rows at side confused; anterior margin of presternum of male
usually with a spine, sometimes with a pointed lobe, female usually
with a lobe, sometimes simple ; size generally medium to rather large.
I regard this as the most primitive group of species of North
American Cryptocephalus. The nine rows of punctures seem to me to
be basic; reduction and modification of these rows, I believe, has led
to the form of the punctures shown by other species groups. The
elytral color pattern as shown by basalis seems to be the starting
point from which the patterns of other species have developed. From
the basalis group may have developed the qiiercus group; compare
the elytral pattern of multisignaius with that of atrofasciatus Jacoby.
Quercus group: astralosus, new species, atrofasciatus Jacoby, quercus Schaeffer,
umbonatus Schaeffer, vapidus, new species.
Basic elytral pattern of dark markings of two or three transverse,
undulate bands, sometimes absent or expanded; anterior margin of
presternum of both sexes produced into a broad lobe (sometimes
pointed in male); with eight or nine rows of distinctly impressed
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 9
punctures, two or three rows at side confused or entwined; pronotum
predominantly dark, usually with two indistinct light basal oblique
spots, and lateral and apical marguis vaguely lighter; size medium to
large.
There is a similarity between the elytral pattern of atrofasciatus
and that of triundulatus, new species, that may indicate a relation-
ship between the members of this and the badius group.
Badius group: badius Suffrian, cowaniae Schaeffer, conlextus, new species,
incertus Olivier, triundulatus, new species.
Basic elytral pattern like that of triundulatus or badius, often some-
what expanded or reduced; pronotum predominantly dark, nearly
always with lateral and apical margins yellowish, usually with two
yellowish, obhque basal spots; with seven or eight rows of punctures,
often with two rows at side confused behind humerus or interrupted
and joining one another; anterior margin of prosternum somewhat
produced to evenly arcuate in both sexes; moderate in size.
The elytral pattern of this group appears to me to have been pivotal
in the development of the patterns of other groups of species. I find
basic similarities that I interpret as indicating a relationship between
this group and the following groups: guttulatm, cupressi, calidus (com-
pare badius with the male of mutabilis), and trizonaius.
Guttulatus group: guttulatellus Schaeffer, guttidatus Olivier.
Each elytron with seven light (usually yeUo%\ash) spots on a darker
background, spots subequal in size and generally separated by theu-
diameters or less, number of complete spots from base to apex is
2-2-2-1 (also a partial spot present anteriorly at side); pronotum
usually with two vague, oblique, yeUowish spots at base; with seven
or eight rows of punctures, rows behind humerus confused or often
with adjacent rows interrupted and joining; size smaU to meduim.
The pattern of this group is, I beheve, clearly a modification of that
of the preceding group. Some specimens of covjamae almost exactly
match the disposition of the spots at the apical two-thirds of the
elytra in the guttulatus group. If the typical pattern of cowanme is
modified so that the light basal spots are expanded and the remaining
spots enlarged and rounded, the pattern typical of this group results.
Cupressi group: binotatus, new species, bivius Newman, castarteus Leconte
J^L sZeZ, disruptus, new species, duryi Schaeffer e,.,^u3Schaeffe^^
leuccymelas Suffrian, maccus, new species, pseudomaccus, new species, lexanus
Schaeffer, virginiensis, new species.
Pronotum with four black to red, longitudinal, nearly parallel mark-
ings, sometimes running together or eompletely jomed, ■'J'^^'y »^;»"';
Ely ra with basic pattern ot dark markings as oUows: two large o
medium discal spots, two usuaUy medium lateral spots, two medium
10 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEtIM BULLETIN 290
or small apical spots, markings frequently reduced or modified, infre-
quently absent. Background color of dorsal surface yellowish to orange;
usually with seven or eight rows of punctures, two or three rows at
side usually confused, infrequently with punctures not forming distinct
rows, punctures often larger and/or sparser than usual ; anterior margin
of prosternum of male usually with a pointed lobe, that of female often
with a lobe; size moderate to rather large.
The species duryi and binotatus are atypical but are nearer to the
Cupressi group than any other.
Calidus group: albicans Haldeman, aulicus Haldeman, hispinus Suffrian, calidus
Suffrian, gibbicollis Haldeman, insertus Haldeman, mutabilis Melsheimer.
Basic elytral pattern of dark (usually black) markings as follows:
from base of second, third, and fourth intervals to apex of second,
and on most to all of sixth, seventh, and eighth intervals, pattern
often reduced; pronotum predominantly dark, usually with more
or less vague, obHque Hght spots at base; with eight, sometimes
apparently nine rows of punctures, usually sixth and seventh rows
confused, punctures generally smaller, less distinctly impressed than
usual; anterior margin of prosternum evenly arcuate in both sexes,
infrequently lobed; size moderate to large.
At first glance, the dark elytral pattern of mutabilis would appear
to have little relation to the basic pattern of this group; however,
in certain specimens of insertus with reduced lateral vittae and ex-
panded inner vittae, the resulting pattern almost exactly matches
that of many specimens of mutabilis. In typical specimens of mutabilis,
the outer vittae are reduced to spots, and the inner are reduced to
two spots each basally but rather expanded before their apices.
The calidus group is closely allied to the following, and the two
could even be united due to the similarity of the basic elytral patterns.
Venustus group: venustus Fabricius, obsoletus Germar.
Anterior margin of prosternum of male with a stout spine, that
of female with a V-shaped lobe; pronotum predominantly dark, usually
with two vague, oblique, light spots at base; each elytron usually,
with dark markings from base of second, third, and fourth intervals
to apex of second, and on all of sixth, seventh, and eighth intervals;
markings may be expanded or reduced; with nine, sometimes ap-
parently eight, rows of punctures, often with two or three rows at
side confused, reduced, or crowded; punctures generally smaller
than usual or more distinctly impressed than usual.
Cuneatus group: cuneatus Fall, trivittaius Olivier.
Pronotum with three broad, longitudinal, reddish markings; each
elytron at suture and sixth and seventh intervals reddish to black;
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO H
with eight rows of punctures, usually two rows at side confused,
punctures sometimes finer than usual; ground color of dorsal surface
yelloAvish to orange; anterior margin of prosternum in both sexes
evenly arcuate.
Tindus group: implacidus, new species, lateritius Newman, ochraceus Fall,
schreibersii Suflfrian, striatulus Leconte, tindus Leconte.
Pronotal punctures large and deep to longitudinally elongate and
producing a furrowed appearance; punctures at elytral apex
sometimes regular, but most often confused; elytral color pattern,
when present, consisting of three dark, transverse, indistinct, undulate
bands; usually with nine rows of small distinct punctures, sometimes
none confused, sometimes with two or three rows at side confused;
anterior margin of prosternum of male usually lobed, often lobed
and pointed, that of female evenly arcuate to somewhat lobed;
small to moderate in size.
There may be a relationship between inserius of the calidiLS group
and the members of this group.
Arizonensis group: arizonensis Schaeffer, nanus Fabricius, sanguinicollis
Suffrian, palUdicindus Fall.
Pronotum red or orange (except black in sanguinicollis nigerrimus
Crotch) and elytra usually black, sometimes very dark with bluish
or greenish luster and occasionally with basal portion of elytra at side
yellowish or lighter than remainder; elytra with seven, eight, or nine
rows of punctures, often with rows six and seven confused; anterior
margin of prosternum of male produced into a lobe, that of female
more or less produced.
I have seen no specimens of pallidicinctus, but by its description it
is clearly a member of this group.
Amatus group: amatus Haldeman, mcrus Fall.
Basic elytral pattern consisting of dark markings on sutural, first,
thu-d, and fifth to last intervals; pronotum predominantly dark,
usually with a median and two lateral, longitudinal dark markings,
lateral and apical margins narrowly lighter; with eight rows of fine,
distinct punctures, two or three rows at side confused or entwined;
male with anterior margin of prosternum lobed and with a short,
sharp, vertical spine just behind anterior margin or nearly half way
back on prosternum, female with anterior margin lobed but with no
spine; size moderate.
Fall (1932, p. 23) described the prosternal spme of menis as a
unique structure; in comparison with amatus the spine is unique
only in its position.
12 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Snowi group: cribripennis Leconte, simulans Schaeffer, snowi Schaeffer.
With seven rows of punctures and an incomplete row between
fifth and sixth rows, punctures often large and sparse; basic elytra!
dark markings consisting of vittae on intervals two, four, and six
(latter formed of two united intervals) ; anterior margin of prosternum
of both sexes produced into a broad, often pointed lobe; pronotum
predominantly dark, with oblique, basal, yellowish markings, lateral
and apical markings yellowish; size large.
Confluentus group: alternans Suffrian, brunneovittatus Schaeffer, cerinus B. E.
White, confluentus Saj'', defectus Leconte, dorsatus, new species, fulguratus Leconte,
luteolus Newman, pumilus Haldeman, spurcus Leconte.
Basic elytral pattern of dark markings consisting of complete
vittae on intervals two, four, and six (latter formed by union of two
intervals) often with pattern modified or absent; v/ith seven rows of
fine, distinct punctures, usually also with a short series behind hu-
merus; anterior margin of prosternum of male usually produced
ventrally into a pointed lobe, sometimes evenly arcuate, that of
female sometimes produced into a lobe, often evenly arcuate; pronotum
often with disk dark and with a vague pattern; size small to medium.
Specimens which differ in minor details of color and elytral puncta-
tion may be distinguished within this group of species and subspecies.
The taxa within the complex are so close and ill-defined that the
arrangement advanced here can be considered only tentative. I have
found it impossible to delimit to my satisfaction the apparently un-
described taxa on the basis of external morphology alone and feel
that a complete understanding of the interrelationships will probably
have to await biological studies. Whether a given series of apparently
similar individuals (including some described taxa) is to be considered
a species or subspecies (and, if the latter, to which species it is allied)
appears to be largely conjectural. Those taxa I have described are
the ones most obviously distinct; others are not treated herein because
of the diffi^culties.
The only species not assigned to any of the above groups is fri-
zonatus Suffrian. I believe it properly belongs to a separate group that
would include it and at least four other species from Central America
with similar coloration. In the USNIVI collection, four and possibly
five species are similar to trizonatus; of these, many have been deter-
mined as trizonatus but are clearly distinct from it.
Schaeffer's types — It is sometimes quite difficult to determine
with certainty whether specimens in the USNM that have been
accepted as Schaeffer co types or paratypes do actually represent types,
or if|certain specimens that have not been accepted as types should
now be so labeled. Evidently all types of Cryptocephalus species and
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
13
subspecies described by Schaeffer (except paratypes of snovn in
Kansas University) are now in the U.S. National Museum; some of
these were clearly designated on labels by Schaeffer as types, but some
were not; others have been designated (apparently by Barber) as
cotypes and, it would appear, occasionally in error. This situation is
complicated by the incomplete type data appearing in Schaeffer's
original descriptions; rarely is the number of specimens given from
which the species was described, and generally only a portion of the
label data was published. In some cases, the label data as it appeared
in print was altered from its original form or miscopied, and in some
cases, even, more data were given than now appear on the labels.
In general, the type designations adopted by Barber have been
retained; changes have been made in these only when there was no
doubt in my mind that an error had been made and that a change was
warranted. I have selected lectotypes for those species for which a type
has not previously been designated.
Taxonomic characters — The system of terminology employed
here in naming and numbering the elytral striae and intervals requires
explanation. All North American species possess a short series of
punctures in the scutellar region that are called the scutellar stria
(fig. 1); this does not extend beyond the middle of the elytra. The
numbering of the striae begins with the next row of punctures (the
first row of the apical half of the elytron) and continues to the side
before the lateral margin. The regular series of punctures at the lateral
margin is termed the marginal stria; this normally extends from the
base to the apex of the elytra. The scutellar and marginal striae are
referred to only by their names. Thus the inner and outer rows of
punctures referred to in the key are the first and last rows of numbered
striae.
Counting of the rows of striae on an elytron should start immediately
behind the middle of the elytron; this will automatically exclude the
'scutellan
Mst—
2nci-
3rd---r-
STRIAE ^ffi ^^_
6th .Vl
7th !i^K
marginal—'^
scutellar\
_1st
2nd
:-_•^^^ 3rd
-Xii^S 4th
[JA\;\>_ 5th
.J:_"-Vl"A 6th
■"■■.■'\y___7th
VlNTERVALS
11 1: — i-^c. _'m a r g I n a ly
Figure l.—Cryptocephalus cerinus cerinus B. E. White showing terminology used lor
elytral striae and intervals.
313-144—68 2
14 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
scutellar stria and will avoid the short series of punctures present in
some species behind the humerus. Also, in those species with more
or less confused rows of punctures at the side of each elytron (this
includes most of the species), there is a lesser tendency for confusion
of the rows behind the middle of the elytron, and the rows in this
region will often be easier to count.
All intervals are named by the name or number of the stria immedi-
ately following it. Thus the scutellar interval is between the median
suture and the scutellar stria, and the first interval is between the
scutellar stria and the first stria, and so on.
In the following text when the punctures are described as being
coarse, I mean that they are not sharply but broadly or irregularly
impressed and thus impart a rather coarse texture to the surface. Note
that the use of coarse does not refer to the size of the punctures; both
small and large punctures can be and often are coarse. Coarse punc-
tures disturb the surface reflection and alter the degree of smoothness
of the surface; punctures that are not coarse but are sharply impressed
do not or only slightly disturb the surface reflection or alter the degree
of smoothness.
The pronotal and elytral drawings, and full-figure illustrations
(figs. 4-111) will be a great aid in arriving at a determination be-
cause many species can be recognized by the illustrations alone.
Elytral drawings of all species are presented except for pallidicinctus
and the new taxa herein described; full-figure illustrations are pro-
vided for the latter (figs. 94-111). Many species exhibit small to great
variation in color pattern. For the less variable species, I have illus-
trated the elytra of specimens that are about midway between the
extremes in pattern. For those species in which the color pattern is
quite variable or in which the sexes differ in color pattern, two elytral
draAvings are given. All the figures from 2 to 111 are drawn to the
same scale. The genitalia (figs. 112-140) are much magnified and are
aU drawn to the same scale.
Numerous misspellings and incorrect citations of plant scientific
names were found on specimen labels. These misspellings and errors
are included in the data but are always in quotation marks to dis-
tinguish them from correct spellings and names.
The follomng key has been constructed to cover as many variations
as feasible. Color-variable species frequently key out in two or three
places. Even with this, the extreme examples of some species will not
key properly; an attempt to provide for aU variable forms would so
complicate the key that it would impair rather than improve its
usefulness.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 15
Key to the North American Species of Cryptocephalus
1. Elytron black (some with metallic blue or green luster) and with a red
to yellow basal marking and an apical spot (sometimes absent or
connected with basal marking), rarely with additional light markings
(figs. 20-32) 2
Elytron not as above, usually light with dark markings, if predom-
inantly black (some with metallic blue or green) without spots (figs.
19 and 33-93) 15
2(1). Pronotum pubescent 3
Pronotum not pubescent 6
3(2). Posterior margin of basal elytral red spot diagonally straight or nearly
so (fig. 24); elytra lacking pubescence; Arizona . . pubicollis Linell
Posterior margin of basal elytral red spot concave or convex (figs. 20
and 21); elytra pubescent; Texas to Kansas to Kentucky . ... 4
4(3). Basal elytral red spot larger and with posterior margin convex (fig. 21) ;
elytral punctures larger, distinct; Texas basalis Suffrian
Basal elytral red spot smaller and with posterior margin concave
(figs. 20 and 106); elytral punctures smaller, less distinct; Texas to
Kansas and Kentucky 5
5(4). Basal elytral red spot broadly attaining suture at center and at side
extending past middle of elytra (fig. 20) ; pubescence of dorsal surface
denser; Texas to Kansas and Kentucky .... mucoreus Leconte
Basal elytral red spot neither clearly attaining suture nor at side extend-
ing past middle of elytra (fig. 100); pubescence of dorsal surface finer;
Texas lunatus, new species
6(2). Basal spot attaining both scutellum and apical spot 7
Basal spot attaining either scutellum or apical spot, never both . . 8
7(6). Basal and apical spots joining at sixth and seventh or eighth intervals
(fig. 31); length 3.6 to 5.1 mm.; Canada to Texas to Utah.
notatus sellatus Schaeffer
Basal and apical spots joining at eighth or ninth and marginal intervals
(fig. 32); length 5.0 to 6.3 mm.; Arizona. . . pubiventris Schaeflfer
8(6). Entire basal half of elytra red or only intervals one to four black at base
(fig. 27) ; Florida binominis rufibasis Schaeffer
Elytra and/or locality otherwise 9
9(8). Basal spot attaining scutellum (figs. 30, 32) 10
Basal spot not attaining scutellum 11
10(9). Pubescence of ventral surface longer, denser; 5.1 to 6.2 mm.; Arizona
(fig. 32) pubiventris Schaeffer
Pubescence of ventral surface shorter, sparser; 3.6 to 5.5 mm.; eastern
to central U.S. (fig. 30) nolatus quadrimaculatus Say
11(9). Pronotum reddish at side; elytra with spots in addition to basal and
apical markings (fig. 28) ; Arizonas .... multisignatus Schaeffer
Pronotum black throughout; elytra with only basal and apical markings;
east U.S. to Arizona ^^
12(11). Dorsal surface faintly bluish; body 1.8 to 2.0 times as long as wide;
apical spot reduced to absent (fig. 25) ; Arizona, New Mexico, Utah,
Colorado plnicola Schaeffer
Dorsal surface usually not bluish; body 1.6 to 1.8 times as long as
wide; various localities; apical spot present 13
16 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
13(12). Basal spot at its apex attaining at least first interval and often suture
(fig. 26) ; southeastern U.S binominis binominis Newman
Basal spot at its apex rarely extending inward beyond third interval.
14
14(13). Basal spot with inner margin inclined away from suture at apex (fig.
29); pronotum faintly bluish; length 3.3 to 4.8 mm.; body 1.6 to
1.7 times as long as wide notatus notatus F.
Basal spot with inner margin straight or inclined toward suture at
apex (figs. 22, 23); pronotum rarely bluish; length 2.9 to 4.0 mm.;
body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide .... qiiadruplex Newman
15(1). Punctures at elytral apex confused and completely obscuring inner
and outer rows of puncture (fig. 3) 16
Punctures at elytral apex not or but slightly confused, inner and
outer rows of punctures always distinct and usually clearly meeting
(fig. 2) 22
16(15). Pronotal disk densely, longitudinally furrowed, sides densely punc-
tate, dark reddish with light margins (fig. 8). schreibersii Suffrian
Pronotum coarsely to finelj' punctate throughout, color not as above.
17
17(16). Elytra unicolorous, with no dark markings (fig. 38); pronotum alu-
taceous; length 2.0 to 2.4 mm.; northeastern states to Iowa.
striatulus Leconte
Elytra with vague to distinct dark markings or pigmented striae;
pronotum not alutaceous; length 2.7 to 5.1 mm.; various locali-
ties 18
18(17). Dark marking of elytron (fig. 70) a broad longitudinal stripe, some-
times branched; pronotal punctures small to moderate.
incertus Olivier
Dark marking of elytron transverse, forming no pattern, or vague, or
of pigmented striae; pronotal punctures large, coarse 19
19(18). Elytral punctures largely confused, forming in-egular or double rows
throughout (fig. 35) lateritius Ne^nnan
Elytral punctures forming clearly defined rows, fifth, sixth, or seventh
rows sometimes confused 20
20(19). Dark elytral markings tending to form three broad, transverse bands
(fig. 37); length 2.8 to 4.5 mm.; New York to Florida to Kansas.
tinctus Leconte
Dark elytral markings much reduced, not as above; length 4.4 to 5.1
mm.; Florida to Texas 21
21(20). Rows six and seven of elytral striae largely to completely confused
(fig. 36); Florida ochraceus Fall
Rows six and seven of elytral striae uniform to somewhat confused
(figs. 3 and 104) ; Texas to Louisiana .... implacidus, new species
22(15). Pronotum wholly black or dark brown 23
Pronotum not as above, with distinct to vague markings at least
laterally or entirely light or reddish 25
23(22). Elytra wholly black (fig. 42); length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; California.
sanguiniccllis nigerrimus Crotch
Elytra not wholly black, length 4.0 to 6.5 mm.; Arizona, Florida . 24
24(23). Small, 4.1 to 4.8 mm.; undersurface with short, rather sparse pubes-
cence; Florida notatus fulvipennis Haldeman
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 17
Larger, 5.0 to 6.3 mm. ; undersurface with denser, moderately long, white
pubescence; Arizona pubiventris SchaefiFer
25(22). Elytral disk largely to wholly black or dark brownish (some metallic
blue or green) , usually lateral margin partly or entirely yellowish . 26
Elytra generally red or pale and with or without markings; when mostly
black or brown with scattered pale spots or vittae 31
26(25). Elytra at side yellow from base to apex; midwest to central states . 27
Elytra at side black, or yellow only at base; various localities .... 28
27(26). Elytral disk entirely black (fig. 84) . . . venustus cinctipennis Randall
Elytral disk black with more or less distinct yellowish markings (fig. 8.j).
venustus hamatus Mclsheimer
28(26). Elytra dark and distinctly metallic bluish or greenish; Arizona, Texas
(fig. 43) arizonensis arizonensis Schaefifer
Elytra black and shmiug, not bluish or greenish; various localities . 29
29(28). Legs and ventral surface mostly to completely orange; length 2.8 to
3.5 mm.; southeastern U.S. to Arkansas (fig. 44) . . . . nanus F.
Legs and ventral surface black; length 3.0 to 4.9 mm.; Rocky Mt.
states 30
30(29). Head black; pronotum red; elytra black (fig. 41).
sanguinicollis sanguinicollis Suffrian
Head black with yellow markings; pronotum red with apex yellowish,
base dark; elytra black with yellow margin. , pallidlcinctus Fall
31(25). Pronotum with a broad, median, longitudinal dark spot bordered each
sideby generally distinct yellow stripes (figs. 10, 11) 32
Pronotum not as above 33
32(31) . Smaller, about 3.3 to 4.3 mm. ; pronotal punctation variable, often dense
and coarse (fig. 10); serial punctm-es of elytra usually larger and
coarse (fig. 50) ; eastern U.S trivittatus Olivier
Larger, 4.0 to 5.1 mm.; pronotal punctation small and fine (fig. 11);
serial punctures of elytra usually smaller, feebly impressed (fig. 51);
Florida, Georgia cuneatus Fall
33(31). Pronotal medial line light, bordered by longitudinal dark stripes (figs.
12 to 15) 34
Pronotal coloring never as above 49
34(33). Elytral punctures pigmented, not or obscurely arranged in rows (figs.
54, 97) 35
Elytral punctures usually not pigmented, arranged in more or less
regular rows 36
35(34). Elytral punctures larger (fig. 54); four pronotal dark stripes complete,
lateral two arcuate to nearly straight (fig. 14) ; Texas . duryi SchacfFer
Elytral punctures smaller (fig. 97) ; four pronotal dark stripes reduced
(fig. 13) to absent; California, Arizona . . . binotatus, new species
36(34). Pronotum with coarse, pigmented punctures, densest anteriorly and at
side (fig. 9) ; Texas, Arizona merus Fall
Pronotum with fine punctures or with coarse, not pigmented
punctures 37
37(36). Elytral punctures confined largely to transverse dark markings, small
and sparse on yellow regions; dark markings of each elytron consisting
of a basal, transverse, undulate band, a subhumeral spot, two sub-
median spots, and two apical spots (fig. 100) ; Colorado.
disruptus, new species
Neither punctures nor markings as above; various localities .... 38
18 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEU3M BULLETIN 290
38(37). Intervals two and four yellow throughout, devoid of dark pigment
(figs. 39 and 40) 39
Intervals two and four dark, at least in part 41
39(38). First elytral interval lacking dark markings or only vaguely darkened
near suture (fig. 39) ; Texas, New Mexico . amatus amatus Haldeman
First elytral interval dark in part or throughout; Colorado, New
Mexico, Wyoming 40
40(39). Vitta on third interval broadly interrupted (fig. 95) ; pronotum red with
only an indistinct median light stripe on disk (fig. 6).
amatus fractilineatus, new subspecies
Vitta on third interval not or narrowly interrupted (fig. 40) ; pronotum
red or black with median stripe, two basal oblique spots and lateral
margins yellow, oblique spots sometimes expanded or reduced (fig. 7).
amatus apicedens Fall
41(38). Pronotum laterally with a dark red to black spot, sometimes joining
adjacent vitta (figs. 4 and 5) ; southeastern U.S. to Arizona ... 42
Pronotum laterally lacking a dark spot; various localities 44
42(41). Elytra with a common, submedian, transverse, undulating band
attaining lateral margin (fig. 105); pronotal spot larger, about half
size of an eye, usually joining adjacent vitta (fig. 5) ; Arizona.
maccus, new species
Elytral markings not as above; pronotal spot smaller, not joining
adjacent vitta (fig. 4) ; Florida to Arizona 43
43(42). Dark markings of dorsal surface black, more extensive (fig. 62); length
4.3 to 6.4 mm.; Florida to Texas bivius Newman
Dark markings of dorsal surface bright red to dull red, less extensive
(fig. 108); length 3.9 to 4.3 mm.; Arizona.
pseudomaccus, new species
44(41). Elytra at apical half with only two apical spots and a small (to absent)
common sutural spot (fig. 103) ; Minnesota.
leucomelas trisignatus, new subspecies
Elytra at apical half with more extensive markings than above; locality
not as above ... 45
45(44). Elytron with three pair of spots (rarely touching), basal pair largest
(figs. 55 and 61) 46
Elytron not as above, if spotted, with discal two spots largest, often
confluent (figs. 56, 58, and 59) 47
46(45). Pronotum with outer dark stripe on each side clearly wider than inner;
inner of basal elytral spots broadly attaining suture (fig. 55) ;
Louisiana cupressi Schae0"er
Pronotum with outer dark stripe on each side about equal in width to
inner stripe; inner of basal elytral spots not or narrowly touching
suture (fig. 61); Texas texanus SchaefFer
47(45). Basal transverse band of elytra attaining lateral margin and joining
second elytral band at suture (fig. 59) ; Colorado.
leucomelas Titticollis Leconte
Either elytral markings or locality otherwise 48
48(47). Dark pronotal vittae and/or discal two spots of each elytron nearly
always confluent (figs. 12, 57) ; California, Arizona, New Mexico.
castaneus Leconte
Dark pronotal vittae and discal two spots of each elytron rarely touch-
ing (figs. 15, 58) ; east U.S. to Utah and New Mexico.
leucomelas leucomelas Sufifrian
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
19
49(33). Pronotum pale, with large central and one or two suiiill lateral dark
spots on each side (fig. 17); each elytron with eight dark spots and
a common sutural spot (fig. CO), discal spots sometimes joined.
egregius Schae0"er
Pronotum and/or elytra not as above 50
50(49). Elytron pale with only a single dark spot on humeral callus or no
distinct markings present (punctures may be pigmented) . . , .51
Elytron with more or less distinct markings or dark with light spots . 65
51(50). Pronotal disk densely, longitudinally furrowed, sides densely punc-
tate (fig. 8) ; eastern U.S schrelbersii Suffrian
Pronotum not furrowed, evenly punctate; various localities .... 52
52(51). Small, length about 2.0 to 2.7 mm.; scutellar stria of six to nine punc-
tures 53
Larger, length 3.3 to 7.5 mm.; scutellar stria of 3 to 15 punc-
tures 54
53(52). Elytron with nine entire rows of punctures, these and pronotal punc-
tures larger (fig. 38); northeastern U.S. to Iowa . striatulus Leconte
Elytron with seven entire rows of punctures, these and pronotal
punctures smaller (fig. 69) ; Florida to Virginia . pumilus Haldeman
54(52), Raised margin at side of elytra and bordering epiplexiron black or
dark brown throughout (fig. 101).
gibbicollis decrescens, new subspecies
Raisedmarginatsideof elytra orange, yellow, or black only in part . 55
55(54). Pronotal disk inflated, coarsely punctate throughout; length 6.0 to
7.5 mm.; Fig. 75; Florida aulicus Ilaldcman
Pronotum not inflated, evenly arcuate in outline; rarely coarsely
punctate; length 3.4 to 6.0 mm.; various localities 56
56(55). Elytral punctures larger, pigmented, and predominantly confused,
forming distinct rows only at side, apex, and sometimes at base
(fig. 97) ; pronotal punctures rather coarse . . binotatus, new species
Elytral punctures not as above, forming distinct rows throughout;
pronotal punctures not coarse 57
57(56). Each elytron with nine rows of punctures, sixth, seventh, or eighth
sometimes confused (if in doubt, count an incomplete series as a
row) 58
Each elytron with seven or eight entire rows of punctures, fifth, sixth,
or seventh often confused 62
58(57). Ventral surface reddish and/or yellowish and clouded or margined
with blackish to predominantly blackish 59
Ventral sm-face reddish or yellowish and without black 60
59(58). Length 4.1 to 5.8 mm.; punctures of adjacent striae separated by
four or more times their diameters, striae less confused at side
(fig. 88) ; New Hampshire to Virginia to Wisconsin.
venustus simplex Haldeman
Length 3.9 to 4.0 mm.; punctures of adjacent striae separated by about
their diameters, striae more confused at side (fig. 96) ; Arizona.
astralosus, new species
60(58). More elongate, body 1.75 to 1.85 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
distinctly shining (fig. Ill); elytra generally with two vague, trans-
verse bands; Arizona vapidus, new species
Less elongate, body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
(especially pronotum) less shining; with vague longitudinal bands or
no markings; Massachusetts to Florida to Louisiana 61
20 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
61(60). Larger, length 4.3 to 6.0 mm.; prosternal spine in lateral view short,
pointed, not parallel-sided; elytra usually vittate (fig. 78); Virginia
to Florida to Louisiana obsoletus obsoletus Germar
Smaller, length 4.0 to 4.3 mm.; prosternal spine in lateral view elongate,
nearly parallel-sided; elytra not or vaguely vittate (fig. 107);
Massachusetts obsoletus indistinctus, new subspecies
62(57). Fifth and sixth elytral striae confused and intertwined, striae usually
darkly pigmented and strongly contrasting with yellow background
(fig. 68j ; Arizona umbonatus Schaeffer
Fifth and sixth elytral striae not confused or intertwined, striae pig-
mented or not (figs. 91 and 93); various localities 63
63(62). Ventral surface, legs, head, and pronotum unicolorous, very dull reddish
orange, elytra creamy yellow (fig. 99) ; elytron behind humerus with
one or two punctures in addition to regular rows; Texas.
dorsatus, new species
Color not as above; elytron behind humerus with four to seven punctures
in addition to regular rows; California to Texas 64
64(63). Dorsal surface light orange-yellow to orange, pronotum without dark
markings (sometimes with minute speckling); striae finer (fig. 93).
cerinus cerinus White
Dorsal surface orange to clouded reddish orange, pronotum with darker
markings; striae coarser (fig. 91) spurcus spurcus Leconte
65(50). Each elytron with at least one complete, dark, longitudinal stripe
(sometimes vague) 66
Elytral markings of incomplete or interrupted stripes, spots, or markings
transverse or irregular 84
66(65). Elytral vittae or markings narrow, each (except sometimes lateral
spots) confined to one interval or to a single stria 67
Elytral vittae or markings broad, at least one at widest point including
two or three intervals 77
67(66). Inner elytral vittae narrow, each confined to a single stria (fig. 71);
southeastern U.S albicans Haldeman
Inner vittae broader, each encompassing an interval; various lo-
calities 68
68(67). Elytron with two dark vittae or only vestiges (fig. 80); Texas.
brunneovittatus Schaeffer
Elytron with tliree dark vittae, outer two may be interrupted; various
localities 69
69(68). Second vitta interrupted once near apex, third interrupted twice
(fig. 63); Texas to Arizona snowi Schaeffer
Vittae not as above; various localities 70
70(69). Dark markings of pronotum black, distinct, margins sometimes
narrowly reddish 71
Dark markings of pronotum orange, red, or brown, vague to distinct,
infrequently black in part 72
71(70). Background color of elytra light orange (fig. 92).
spurcus vandykei White
Background color of elytra creamy yellow (fig. 94).
alternans jungovittatus, new subspecies
72(70). Pronotum at side with a small, distinct, isolated dark spot; Fig. 47.
simulans simulans Schaeffer
Pronotum at side without a dark spot 73
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
21
73(72).
74(73).
75(74).
76(75).
77(66).
78(77).
79(78).
80(77).
81(80).
82(81).
83(82).
Second and third elytral vittae distinct and each interrupted twice
(fig. 49) ; Texas simulans conjungens Schaeffer
Elytral vittae absent, vague, or not as above 74
Background color light orange to reddish orange, vittae rarely dis-
tinct, usually reduced and vague, sometimes absent (fig. 91); Cali-
fornia spurcus spurcus Leconte
Background color of elytra creamy yellow to light orange, vittae
distinct, dark reddish to black; central states to California .... 75
Legs predominantly brownish or black (fig. 98).
confluentus melanoscelus, new subspecies
Legs predominantly yellowish or reddish 70
Pronotum predominantly to entirely dark orange to reddish, usually
with yellowish only in two basal spots and at lateral and apical
margins, with dark reddish to black lateral to each light basal spot
(fig. 16); central states to Canada to California (fig. 90.)
confluentus confluentus Say
Pronotum predominantly light orange, basally at each side and on
disk with vague reddish markings (fig. 89) ; Nevada.
cerinus nevadensis White
Anterior margin of prosternum with a stout spine or distinct V-shaped
lobe 78
Anterior margin of prosternum simple, evenly arcuate, or with a
broadly rounded or slightly pointed lobe 80
Elytron with inner of two vittae dark and distinct, outer vitta much
reduced, represented by one, two, or three spots; females (fig. 87).
venustus ornatulus Clavareau
Elytron with both vittae distinct and complete or both complete but
not distinct; males and females 79
Elytral vittae quite distinct, black, rarely dark reddish (fig. 86) ; striae
finer, discal intervals flat; discal pronotal punctures round, separated
on an average by two or more times their diameters.
venustus venustus F.
Elytral vittae much less distinct, light to dark reddish, rarely partly
black (fig. 78); striae more distinct, discal intervals convex; discal
pronotal punctures separated on an average by about their diameters,
tending to become longitudinally elongate.
obscletus obsoletus Germar
Elytral epipleuron all or mostly black, lateral raised margin dark or
black; pronotum gibbous to strongly gibbous; Fig. 79.
gibbicollis gibbicollis Haldeman
Elytral epipleuron black in part, lateral raised margin yellow to orange;
pronotum normal to somewhat gibbous 81
Averaging larger, length 5.4 to 6.7 mm.; Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
and Texas; females; Fig. 72 bispinus Suffrian
Averaging smaller, length 4.0 to 5.7 mm.; various localities; males and
females '.
Outer elytral vitta interrupted once, twice, or nearly absent, sometimes
confluent with inner vitta (fig. 74) insertus Haldeman
83
Outer elytral vitta complete
Occurring in Texas; males (fig. 72) bispinus Suffrian
Occurring in eastern U.S.; males and females (fig. 73) . calidus Suffrian
22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
84(65). Each elytron with seven or eight subequal, approximately oval light
spots separated by their diamaters or less (figs. 52, 53) ; pronotal
markings vague or absent 85
Elytral pattern not as above; pronotum often with distinct
markings 86
85(84). Ventral surface and pronotum reddish; length 3.8 to 5.9 mm.; eastern
to central states (fig. 53) guttulatus Olivier
Ventral surface and pronotum yellowish; length 2.6 to 3.0 mm.; Texas;
Fig. 52 guttulatellus Schaeffer
86(84). Elytral punctures large, pigmented, those on yellow background not or
scarcely arranged in rows (fig. 64) ; southern Texas.
cribripennis Leconte
Elytral punctures small, in distinct rows throughout 87
87(86). Elytra with two broad, transverse, dark reddish bands (fig. 19); pro-
notum with one broad, dark reddish band; Texas.
trizonatus Suffrian
Elytral and pronotal pattern otherwise; various localities 88
88(87). Raised margin at side of elytra and bordering epipleuron dark brown
or black throughout; Fig. 101.
gibbicolUs decrescens, new subspecies
Raised margin at side of elytra yellow, red, or orange throughout, rarely
partly blackish 89
89(88). Elytron light, with only one to four small dark spots (fig. 75) ; pronotal
disk inflated, coarsely punctate; length 6.0 to 7.5 mm.; Florida.
aulicus Haldeman
Elytral pattern otherwise; pronotum usually moderately gibbous;
length 2.0 to 7.5 mm 90
90(89). Length 2.0 to 2.7 mm.; ground color light orange, pronotal and elytral
markings reddish to brown and more or less vague (fig. 69) ; with
seven striae and a posthumeral series pumilus Haldeman
T^ength 2.8 to 7.5 mm. ; markings otherwise; striae usually otherwise. 91
91(90). Dark elytral markings longitudinal and only on alternate intervals,
usually on intervals two, four, and six, sometimes on only two and
four or four and six, or may also be on seven and eight (figs.
89-92) 92
Dark elytral markings not as above, usually transverse, composed of
spots, or irregular 98
92(91). With vague vittae on intervals two, four, and six (fig. 91); length 4.0
to 6.0 mm.; with seven striae and a short series of punctures behind
humerus; California spurcus spurcus Leconte
Either vittae, length, striae, or locality not as above 93
93(92). Length 5.0 to 6.5 mm.; punctures behind humerus largely confused and
of varying sizes (figs. 47 to 49) 94
Length 2.8 to 4.6 mm.; punctures behind humerus not as above, quite
regular in arrangement and size 96
94(93). Pronotum at side lacking an isolated dark spot; Texas (fig. 49).
simulans conjungens Schaeffer
Pronotum at side with an isolated dark spot; Arizona 95
95(94). Elytra with dark markings on suture and second interval vague to
absent (fig. 48); pronotal spot distinctly darker than adjacent
markings simulans eluticollis Schaeffer
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 23
Elytra with dark markings on suture and second interval distinct
(fig. 47); pronotal spot somewhat or not darker than adjacent
markmgs simulans simulans Schaeffer
96(93). Fourth interval nearly parallel-sided throughout (fig. 80); with seven
regular striae and no short series behind humerus; length 3.4 to
4-6 oim brunneovittatus Schaeffer
Fourth interval not parallel-sided, distinctly broadest before apex
(figs. 65 and 66) ; with seven often sinuate striae and a short series
behind humerus; length 2.8 to 3.3 mm 97
97(96). Pronotum light red, elytra cream yellow with brown markings on
second, fourth, and sixth intervals (fig, 66) ; Florida.
luteolus Newman
Pronotum and elytra cream yellow to light orange, dark elytral mark-
ings on fourth and sixth intervals (fig. 65) ; Texas
defectus Leconte
98(91). Pronotum black with lateral and much of apical margins light orange
(fig. 109) ; each elytron with six paired black spots, inner basal spot
obviously largest; Virginia virginiensis, new species
Markings not as above 99
99(98). Dark discal markings of elytron attaining lateral margin just behind
middle 100
Dark discal markings of elytron not attaining lateral margin behind
middle 105
100(99). Length 5.0 to 7.5 mm.; dark elytral markings of two or three transverse
undulating bands (figs. 45 and 46) ; southwestern U.S 101
Length 3.7 to 5.0 mm.; dark elytral markings usually not of transverse
bands; various localities 102
101(100). Body about 1.8 times longer than wide; dark elytral pattern tending
to form three transverse bands of orange, red, or black, variable in
development (fig. 46); with seven or eight striae, usually five, six,
and seven confused atrofasciatus Jacoby
Body about 1.6 times longer than wide; dark elytral markings tending
to form two transverse bands of orange or red (fig. 45); with nine
striae, usually six, seven, and eight confused . . . quercus Schaeffer
102(100). Elytron at base with dark markings broadly attaining lateral margin
(fig. 82); pronotum lacking paired light spots at base; eastern to
central states badius Suffrian
Elytron at base with dark markings not attaining lateral margin;
pronotum usually with paired light spots at base; central states to
Texas and Arizona 103
103(102). Pronotum unicolorous throughout or with margins vaguely lighter,
never with light basal spots; dark elytral markings consisting of two
or three narrow, orange, or red, more or less vague, often inter-
rupted, transverse bands (fig. 67) ; Texas, Arkansas, Kansas.
fulguratus Leconte
Pronotum at side with distinct yellowish markings, these narrowly
interrupted at middle, usually with paired yellow spots at base; dark
elytral markings black, distinct (figs. S3 and 110) ; Arizona . . .104
104(103). Dark elytral markings predominating in extent over light markings,
those of each elytron broadly to narrowly joining beyond sutural
region (fig. 83); pronotum dark reddish to black with yellowish
markings cowaniae Schaeffer
24 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Dark elytral markings about equaling yellow markings in extent, not
meeting beyond sutural region (fig. 110); pronotum orange or red
with yellowish markings triundulatus, new species
105(99). All dark elytral markings joining (fig. 102); length 4.2 mm.; Arizona.
contextus, new species
Dark elytral markings not joining, with three to seven isolated spots in
addition to other marldngs (figs. 76 and 77); length 4.3 to 6.5 mm.;
eastern to central states and Texas .... mutabilis Melsheimer
Genus Cryptocephalus Miiller
Cryptocephalus Miiller, 1764, p. xiii. [Type-species Chrysomela sericea, designated
by Latreille, 1810, p. 432; see Barber, in Blake, 1931, ps 2.]
Homalopus Chevrolat, 1837, p. 422 [in Dejean]. [Type-species Cryptocephalus
loreyi SoHer, by monotypy.]
Physicerus Chevrolat, 1837, p. 420 [in Dejean]. [Type-species Cryptocephalus
speciosus Guerin, by monotypy.]
Strigophorus Chevrolat, 1837, p. 422 [in Dejean]. [Nomen nudum.]
Disopus Chevrolat, 1837, p. 425 [in Dejean]. [Type-species Chrysomela pini L.
by monotypy.]
Protophysus Chevrolat, 1837, p. 422 [in Dejean]. [Type-species Cryptocephalus
lobatus F., designated by Monros and Bechyne, 1956, p. 1123.]
Dicenopsis Saunders, 1842, p. 70. [Tj'pe-species Dicenopsis haematodes Boisduval,
by monotypy.]
Anodonta Saunders, 1843, p. 66 [preoccupied, Lamarck, 1799]. [Type-species
Anodonta roei Saunders, by monotypy.]
Idiocephala Saunders, 1845, p. 142 [described as subgenus]. [Type-species by origi-
nal designation Anodonta roei Saunders. New synonymy.]
Proctophysus Redtenbacher, 1845, p. 118 [error for Protophysus Chevrolat].
Taxaris Gistel, 1848, p. 123 [replacement for Disopus.]
CanthostetJms Haldeman, 1849, p. 245 [described as subgenus]. [Type-species
Canthostethus rugicollis Haldeman by present designation (preoccupied, =
Cryptocephalus schreihersii Suffrian).]
Mecosteihus Stal, 1858, p. 61. [Type-species Mecostethus sahlbergi Stal, by mono-
typy-]
Euphyma Baly, 1877b, p. 224. [Type-species Idiocephala flaviventris Saunders
(1845, p. 147), by present designation.]
Stegnocephala Baly, 1877a, p. 32. [Type-species Cryptocephalus hemixanthus
Su8"rian, by original indication (synonymized by Weise, 1921, p. 8).]
Ceropachys Burlini, 1953, p. 75 [described as subgenus]. [Type-species Crypto-
cephalus kocheri Burlini (preoccupied by Pic, 1951, p. 86, = Cryptocephalus
emiliae Burlini, 1954, p. 174), by original designation. Preoccupied, Costa,
1847.]
Heterodactylus Medvedev, 1963, p. 38 [described as subgenus]. [Type-species
Cryptocephalus macrodactylus Geblcr, by original designation. Preoccupied,
Spix, 1825.]
Asiopus Lopatin, 1965, p. 452 [described as subgenus]. [Type-species Crypto-
cephalus flavicoUis F., b}^ original designation. Preoccupied, Sharp, 1892.]
Burlinius Lopatin, 1965, p. 455 [described as subgenus], (Type-species Crypto-
cephalus fulvus Goeze, by original designation.]
Geoffroy (1762, p. 231) is usually cited as author of this genus.
Because he did not use the requisite binary system of nomenclature,
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 25
however, the Commission on Zoological Nomenchiture in Opinion 228
(Opinions and Declarations, vol. 4, part 18, p. 211, issued April 1954)
placed this work on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works
in Zoological Nomenclature. The first valid description of Crypto-
cephalus is found in Miiller's Fauna Insectorura Fridrichsdalina (17G4,
p. xiii).
The first five synonyms in the list are here credited to Chevrolat
by vu-tue of Dejean's introductory statement (1837, xiii) that he used
names created by Chevrolat and by the citation of Chevrolat after
these genera in the list.
Homalopus Chevrolat {in Dejean, 1837) is cited in Neave (1939
V. 2, p. 681) as a nomen nudum; however, the accompanying citation
in Dejean's list of the name loreyi (SoHer, 1836, p. 687, not Dejean)
constitutes an indication and thus validates the name Homalopus.
The name exaratas Dejean is cited with the new generic name
Strigophorus Chev. in Dejean's list; evidently exaratus was not pub-
lished previously, so both it and Strigophorus are nomina nuda.
The generic name Disopus has generally been credited to Stephens,
1839; it first appeared, however, in Dejean's catalog (1837, p. 425)
and was there credited to Chevrolat. The accompanying citation of
the Linneaus species pini (not Fabricius) described in 1758 as Chry-
somela pini is an indication and validates the name Disopus as of 1837,
with Chevrolat as its author.
Idiocephala has generally been recognized as a valid genus, and
when included in the synonymy of Cryptocephalus, it has been followed
by "pars." Tills, I believe, has been influenced by the treatment of
Baly (1877a, p. 31) in which he states that "S. speciosa, Boisduval"
(probably speciosus Guerin) and catoxantha Saunders may be con-
sidered as types. Neither speciosa nor catoxantha were included among
the species in the original description of Idiocephala, so neither can
be the type-species. In the original description, the generic name is
foUowed by "Type A. Roei"; this clearly serves as the type-species
designation and refers to Anodonta roei Saunders (1843, p. 67). The
latter species is now considered a subspecies of Cryptocephalus consors
Boisduval (1835, p. 588); consequently Idiocephala is a synonym of
Cryptocephalus.
Clavareau in Coleopterorum Catalogus (1913, p. 202; listed Aporo-
cera Saunders as, in part, synonymic with Idiocephala; however, none
of the species originally included in Aporocera are now in Idiocephala
or Cryptocephalus, so Aporocera is not a synonym.
Three of the names in the list of generic synonymy (all described as
subgenera) are preoccupied. I will not propose replacement names for
these because I find it quite easy to dispense with subgeneric names.
The species in the following account are arranged alphabetically
so they may be located readily.
26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Cryptocepltalus albicans Haldeman
Figure 71
Cryptocephalus albicans Haldeman, 1849, p. 252.
Pronotum: Usually light orange with disk and large basal triangular
area each side rather reddish, sometimes dull creamy yellow throughout ;
punctation dual, larger punctures minute to small.
Elytra: Light orange or creamy yellow and with dark reddish to
black markings. Markings as follows: first stria usually dark at base
to dark throughout; second interval usually vaguely darkened at
base; second stria black to (and sometimes beyond) middle of elytra;
third stria sometimes dark at base; fourth stria usually dark at apex;
at side with complete black vitta from humerus to apex of seventh
interval, vitta sometimes reduced apically. With eight (sometimes
apparently nine) rows of punctures, sixth and seventh (or, when nine
rows, sixth, seventh, and eighth) rows confused; punctures as large
and dense as usual, distinctly smaller at elytral apex; inner and outer
rows distinct and clearly meeting at apex.
Prosternum: Anterior margin broadly, not strongly lobed in female;
feebly lobed in male.
Length 4.8 to 6.3 mm.
Discussion. — The six Florida specimens before me have the elytral
intervals finely, transversely rugose; this significantly reduces the
shininess of the elytra. In two Georgia and three South Carolina
specimens, the rugosity is reduced to absent, and the elytra are dis-
tinctly shiny. The single Mississippi specimen has the elytra finely,
transversely wrinkled and shiny. Two specimens from Florida were
taken on Cassia species.
Distribution. — Twelve specimens have been seen from Florida,
South Carohna, Mississippi, and Georgia.
Cryptocephalus alternuns jungovittatus, new subspecies
FiGTJKES 94, 115
General: Body 1.64 to 1.74 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
shiny, lacking pubescence, most of ventral surface with short, sparse,
whitish pubescence.
Head: Light orange or yeUowdsh, anteimal insertions and median
longitudinal line on vertex black, labrum dark reddish; front with
moderately coarse, small punctures, vertex anteriorly with a sHght
depression; clypeus sharply delimited at sides, feebly so at base,
distinctly broadest at apex, somewhat concave. Antennae a little
over two-thirds length of body in male, a little less than two-thirds
length of body in female.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 27
Pronotum: Background color light orange or creamy yellow, dark
markings black, in general not sharply dehmited, margins often brown
to reddish, orange or yellowish areas at sides and near apex often
speckled with reddish or brownish. Dark markings as follows: On
most of disk and basally on each side; laterally each side a small si)ot;
discal markings narrowly touching basal spots (holotype) or not
(allotype). Punctation dual, smaller punctures minute, moderate in
density, larger punctures small, rather sparse.
Elytra: Background color Hght orange, dark markings black,
sharply delimited. Markings of each elytron as follows: on sutural
stria; on second, fourth, and sixth intervals, vittae on second and
fourth intervals joined at base (holotype) or not (allotype), weakly
joined at apex (allotype) or not (holotype), vitta on sixth interval
somewhat expanded laterally at humerus; seventh stria and lateral
marghi beyond middle black. Each elytron with seven striae and a
short series behind humerus; punctures rather small, usually forming
even rows, rows five and six uneven or a Httle confused, latter more
often so; punctures distinctly smaller toward apex; inner and outer
rows distinct and usually meeting at apex.
Ventral surfaces : Prosternum and mesosternum light orange or yel-
lowish, former clouded with brownish at side; metasternum yellowish
and clouded with brownish or blackish, especially at sides; metepi-
sternum black; abdomen predominantly yellowish basally at center,
at apex, and at sides, remainder clouded with brownish or blackish;
fernora with anterior face clouded with brownish, margins pre-
dominantly yellowish, posterior face brownish or black throughout;
tibiae with outer margin brown, darkest at apex, imier margin yellow-
ish, lightest at base; tarsi brown. Anterior margin of prosternum
produced ventrally into a distinct, pointed lobe in male, lobe less
produced in female. Fifth abdominal segment somewhat depressed
at center in male, or deeply depressed into an oval fovea in female.
Pygidium with distinct, rather dense punctures, black basally, yellow-
ish to light orange apically.
Length: 4.7 to 5.0 mm.
Type data. — The description is from two individuals taken at
Monterey, California, on July 30, 1927, by D. H. Blake. The male
holotype (type number 69252) and the allotype are in the U.S.
National Museum.
Discussion.— The external differences exhibited by this subspecies
and two specimens of C. alternans alternans Suffrian from Mexico in
the USNM collection are primarily a matter of coloration. In a.
alternans, the discal and lateral dark markings of the pronotum
broadly join; in a. jungovittatus they do not or just narrowly jom.
28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Also, the lateral pronotal spot is distinctly larger in a. alternans than
in a. jungovittatus. The seventh elytral stria of a. alternans is not
darkly pigmented; that of a. jungovittatus is pigmented. The meta-
sternum and abdomen of a. alternans are predominantly black; those
of a. jungovittatus are mostly yellowish or brownish. The anterior
faces of the femora of a. alternans are yello\vish, and each has a
moderate-sized, nearly median black spot; this part of the femora of
a. jungovittatus is mostly brownish with the margins yellowish. The
tibiae of a. alternans are black throughout; those of a. jungovittatus
are yellowish and brown. I find no differences between the external
and internal form of the male genitalia of these subspecies.
This subspecies (and confiuentus melanoscelus) is described in detail
because of the closeness of members in the confiuentus group and the
difficulty in assigning with certainty specific and subspecific status in
this group.
Cryptocephalus amatus amatus Haldeman
Figure 39
Cryptocephalus amatus Haldeman, 1849, p. 253.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow with four longitudinal orange or black
bands. Two median bands broadest at middle, lateral two bands
broadest basally, sinuate, sometimes vaguely coalescing near apex
with inner bands. Punctation dual, larger punctures minute to small.
Elytra: Creamy yellow with black markings, punctures dark to
black. Markings as follows: third interval, vaguely darkened to black
at basal fourth to third and near apex; fifth and sixth intervals
darkened to black at apical half; humerus black; eighth interval
vaguely darkened to black nearly throughout. With eight rows of
punctures (sometimes evidently nine near base), fifth, sixth, and
seventh rows confused, punctures a Httle larger than usual, quite
distinct to apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex, nearly always
clearly meeting.
Prosternum : Lobed anteriorly and with a short, sharp, vertical spine
behind margin in male; that of female broadly lobed and somewhat
produced.
Length: 3.4 to 4.3 mm.
Discussion. — A single biological note records a specimen as taken
on foliage of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. ("Elagnijolium Solanum").
Distribution. — Only three specimens have been examined; one
each from Alpine and Cliisos Mts., Texas and one from INIelrose,
New Mexico. These are the first precise locality records for this
subspecies.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 29
Cryptocephalus amatus apicedens Fall
Figures 7, 40
Cryptocephalus apicedens Fall, 1932, p. 22.
Pronotiim: Yellow to (sometimes) light orange with four broad,
light reddish to nearly black longitudinal vittae, latter frequently
coalescing and interrupting or narrowing intervening yellow; puncta-
tion dual, larger punctures minute to small.
Elytra: Yellow to (sometimes) light orange with black markings.
Markings as follows: scutellar interval usually darkened to black;
first interval dark reddish to (usually) black; second interval dark
reddish to (usually) black nearly always throughout; intervals five
to and including eight dark reddish or (usually) black nearly through-
out; sixth interval at base and seventh at apex often yellowish to
varying degrees; vittae nearly always sharply delimited by striae.
With eight rows of punctures (sometimes apparently nine at base),
fifth, sixth, and seventh confused, punctures a little larger than usual,
distinct to apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and nearly
always clearly uniting.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin lobed and with a short,
sharp, vertical spine behind margin; female with anterior margin
broadly lobed and rather produced, lacking a spine.
Length: 3.4 to 4.3 mm.
Discussion. — Fall (1934, p. 174) synonymized his apicedens
(incorrectly cited as apicidens) with amatus Haldeman. I find sufficient
differences between Haldeman's amatus and specimens that agree
closely with Fall's description of apicedens to justify ranking apicedens
as a subspecies of amatus. In a. amatus, the first elytral interval is
not darkened; the third interval at about the basal third is vaguely
darkened to black and vaguely to distinctly darkened at the apex;
the fifth and sixth intervals (the fifth stria becomes obsolete) are
distinctly darkened to black at the apical half, the humerus is black,
and the seventh interval is vaguely darkened at the base to black
nearly throughout. In a. apicedens, the first interval is black or dark,
and this dark vitta continues to the apex; the third interval is dark
or black throughout though sometimes interrupted near the apex.
The fifth interval (and the combined fifth and sixth beyond the
middle) is black or dark throughout; the humerus and eighth interval
are black or dark. The latter two vittae are joined at the middle or are
confluent throughout.
Distribution.— The nine specimens examined are from Fort
Wingate, New Mexico, and Colorado Springs, Colorado.
313-144—68-
30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Cryptocephalus amatus fracttUneatus^ new subspecies
Figures 6, 95, 116
Head: Front creamy yellow with inverted V from vertex to antennal
insertions deep orange, clypeus and labrum more or less orange,
antennae of male about three-fourths length of body, basal five
segments dull orange to brownish, last six segments dark brown.
Pronotum: Deep orange with light markings creamy yellow, not
sharply deUmited; a narrow median, longitudinal, yellowish, indistinct
stripe at anterior half; lateral margin yellowish, narrowly so at basal
half, more broadly so at anterior half; anterior margin narrowly
yellowish ; with vague indications of light, oblique basal spots.
Elytra: Ground color creamy yellow, dark markings black, sharply
delimited by striae. Dark markings of each elytron as follows: on
suture from base to apex; on first interval except basal third; on basal
third and apical sixth of third interval; on humerus and sixth and
seventh intervals to past middle, latter markings joining those of
fifth interval at middle. Rows of punctures in yellow areas more or
less darkly pigmented. Punctures as in a. amatus.
Ventral surface: Prosternum at center, mesosternum and side
pieces, and first abdominal segment basaUy at center yellowish;
prosternum at side and legs basally orange, latter nearly brown
apically; metasternum, metepisternum, and first four abdominal
segments (with above exception) reddish black; fifth abdominal
segment reddish at middle, orange at side; pygidium reddish, nearly
black at center. Anterior margin of prosternum in male as in a. amatus.
Length: 3.8 mm.
Type data. — Described from a single male specimen bearing the
following data: Platte County, Wyoming, June 30, 1951, R. E. Pfadt
collector; USNM type number 69247.
Discussion. — This subspecies is most similar to a. apicedens Fall;
the most apparent difference between the two is the extent of the
vitta on the thhd interval. In a. apicedens, this vitta is continuous
throughout or narrowly interrupted near the apex. In a.fractilineatus,
this vitta is broadly interrupted from before the middle to before the
apex. The subspecific name (meaning broken fine) refers to this
interrupted vitta. The male genitaha of a. amatus and a. apicedens
are essentially identical to this subspecies in external and internal
form.
Cryptocephalus arisonensis arisonetisis Schaefifer
Figure 43
Cryptocephalus arizonensis Schaeffer, 1904, p. 225.
Pronotum: Orange to red, often with basal obhque spots and
margins vaguely fighter; punctation dual, larger punctures minute to
small.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 31
Elytra: Dark, shining metallic green or blue, epipleuron yellow to
(more often) dark reddish. With nine rows of punctures, rows six,
seven, and eight confused, punctures as large, dense as usual, finer
apically as usual; inner and outer rows distinct to shghtly confused at
apex, usually meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male distinctly produced into a
broadly V-shaped lobe; female with anterior margin rather produced
into a broad lobe.
Length: 4.2 to 5.4 mm.
Discussion. — The two Schaeffer cotypes are in the U.S. National
Museum, both are females from Pinal Mountains, Arizona; they bear
the type number 42280. The specimen with Schaeffer's determination
label is hereby designated the lectotype and is so labeled.
Pallister (1953, p. 30) described the subspecies arizonensis schrammeli
from Durango, Mexico.
Schaeffer (1906, p. 233) recorded the species from oak.
Distribution. — Twenty-six of the 28 USNM specimens are from
southeast and north central Arizona; one is from Alpine, Texas, and
another is from Mescalero, New Mexico.
Cryptocephalus astralosus, new species
Figures 96, 114
General: Body about 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
distinctly shining, lacking pubescence; most of ventral surface Avith
short, sparse, whitish pubescence.
Head: Dull light orange; front and clypeus with moderate sized,
rather dense punctures; clypeus not sharply delimited at sides or base,
distinctly broadest at apex. Antennae of male about three-fourtlis
length of body, first four segments dull orange, outer seven dark brown.
Pronotum: DuU light orange, with darker speckHng except in broad
transverse, oblique band at base, anteriorly on each side, and at apex.
Punctation dual, smaller punctures minute and sparse, larger punctures
smaU, not dense.
Elytra: Dull fight orange, humerus faintly darker, punctures dark.
Each elytron with nine rows of rather large punctures, these much the
largest at about center of elytron (sometimes sixth row reduced and
evidently with eight rows); rows six, seven, and eight more or less
confused; punctures much smaller apically; inner and outer rows
distinct and clearly meeting at apex.
Ventral surface: Prosternum, mesosternum, and legs dull fight
orange; metasternum and most of abdomen dark brown to nearly
black; first abdominal segment at middle orange, sides of each segment
with fight, sometimes vague spots. Pygidium with median carina,
carina and margins black or dark, sides yeUowish to orange. Anterior
32 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
margin of prosternum produced ventrally into a broad, blunt lobe in
male. Fifth abdominal segment in male faintly depressed.
Length: 3.9 to 4.0 mm.
Type data. — This description is from two nearly identical males,
both taken at Flagstaff, Arizona, on "VI-23-37," by D. J. and J. N.
KnuU. The holotype is in the OSU collection; the single paratype is in
the USNM collection.
Discussion. — The species is superficially similar to venustus simplex.
The two are readily separated by the comparative sizes of the elytral
punctures. In astralosus, the punctures of adjacent striae are separated
by about their diameters; in v. simplex, they are separated by four or
more times their diameters. Also, astralosus is known only from Ari-
zona, and is 3.9 to 4.0 mm. long. C. v. simplex is known from New
Hampshire to Virginia to Wisconsin and is 4.1 to 5.8 mm. long.
The Central American species sordidus Suffrian is closely related to
astralosus. A single specimen in the USNM collection determined as
sordidus is markedly similar in form, color of the dorsal surface, and
elytral punctation to astralosus. The chief difference is that the head,
prosternum, and mesosternum of sordidus are almost entirely black;
these parts of astralosus are dull orange throughout. Also the latter
measures, 3.9 to 4.0 mm. long, and the single specimen of sordidus is 4.5
mm. long.
Cryptocephalus atrofasciatiis Jacoby
Figures 46, 119
Cryptocephalus atrofasciatus Jacobj'', 1880, p. 48.
Pronotum: Light orange to red, usually with basal oblique spots and
margins yellow or lighter than remainder, not sharply delimited; sur-
face punctation dual, larger punctures minute to moderate in size.
Elytra: Usually yellow or orange with three transverse, generally
distinct, undulating orange, red, or (usually) black bands. When
bands black, these sometimes expanded and partly to largely con-
fluent, elytra thus sometimes predominantly black with vague to
distinct elongate yellow spots. With eight rows of punctures, sixth,
seventh, and usually fifth rows entwined, punctures as usual in size
and density, finer apically as usual; inner and outer rows distinct at
apex, nearly always clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced into broad V-shaped
lobe; female with anterior margin somewhat produced into a broad
lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 7.5 mm.
Discussion. — This species is one of the most variable in the genus in
coloration. Continuous intermediates exist between the one extreme
in which the elytra are yellow with rather vague orange bands and the
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 33
other in which the elytra are ahnost entirely black. The extren:e foims
are few so these are not provided for in the key.
Distribution. — The 54 specunens in the U.S. National Museum
are from Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado.
Cryptocephalus aiiUcus Haldcman
Figure 75
Cryptocephalus aulicus Haldeman, 1849, p. 249.
Pronotum: Red to orange with two basal oblique spots, lateral and
apical margins yellowish, light areas not sharply delimited, latter often
expanded and with discal and lateral basal areas orange or reddish;
disk distinctly gibbous in profile; punctation dual, smaller punctures
rather dense, larger punctures large and quite coarse, infrequently
moderate to small in size and moderately coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange with dark spots. Each elytron
usually with subequal dark reddish or black spots as follows: near
apex of second interval; at base of third interval; at or near apex
of sixth interval; on humerus, sometimes with any or all spots (except
humeral) reduced or absent. With eight rows of punctures, sixth and
seventh rows confused, punctures as large as but generally sparser
than usual, finer apically as usual; inner and outer rows distinct at
apex and nearly always clearly meeting.
Prosternum : Anterior margin in both sexes evenly arcuate.
Length: 6.0 to 7.5 mm.
Discussion. — Notes on this species refer to its being taken on
flowers of Befaria racemosa Vent, and on Asimina pygmaea (Bartr.)
leaves.
Distribution. — Forty specimens have been seen, all collected in
Florida. Previous papers have included Georgia as part of the distri-
bution of the species, but no specimens from this state are in the
USNM collection. The northernmost record among the individuals
I have seen is from Enterprise, Florida, just south of Daytona Beach.
Cryptoceplialus badius Sufifrian
Figure 82
Cryptocephalus badius Suffrian, 1852a, p. 315.
Pronotum: Orange to deep red, often with lateral and apical margins
partly to mostly yellow; punctation usually dual, small punctures
sometimes evidently absent, large punctures small to minute.
Elytra: Each elytron orange to deep red and with yellow as follows:
at base from behind scutellum laterally to fifth interval, usually con-
tinuous, narrowed, or interrupted at second interval and narrowed at
fourth interval; at middle of side from fifth interval to lateral margin;
near apex on third, fourth, and seventh intervals; at apex. With seven
34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
rows of punctures and a short series behind humerus, fifth and sixth
rows interrupted at middle and joining behind middle, row some-
times confused beyond junction; punctures as usual to larger than
usual, finer apically as usual; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and
clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Evenly arcuate and somewhat produced in both sexes.
Length: 3.6 to 4.6 mm.
Discussion. — A single specimen was taken on cotton. Wilcox
(1954, p. 385) records it as beaten from walnut.
Distribution. — The 69 specimens examined were collected in
Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, Tennessee, Florida, Mississippi, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
Cryptocephalus basalis Suffi-ian
Figure 21
Cryptocephalus basalis Sufifrian, 1852b, p. 54.
Pronotum: With fine, silvery pubescence; black throughout;
punctation dual, larger punctures moderate, dense.
Elytra: With fine, silvery pubescence. Each elytron black and with
foUowdng orange to red: basal half (except humerus and suture behind
scutellum); apex, basal markings not attaining apical spot, posterior
margin of basal spot convex. With nine rows of punctures, sixth and
seventh rows sometimes confused, punctures as large and dense as
usual though often less distinct than usual; inner and outer rows at
apex distinct and usually meeting.
Posternum: Anterior margin in male with a large, sharp, downward
and posteriorly directed spine; anterior margin in female with a small,
downwardly directed process.
Length: 4.7 to 5.8 mm.
Discussion. — This species and mucoreus have been confused in the
literature, but, as pointed out by Wilcox (1953, p. 51), the two are
distinct.
Douglass (1929, p. 8) recorded the species from sumac (Rhus
glabra L.) and sorghum in Kansas; these records may be in error.
Distribution. — Only five specimens of this species have been seen,
and all are from the Davis Mountains of Texas. Wilcox (1953, p. 51)
recorded it from Arizona.
Cryptocephalus binominis binominis Newman
Figure 26
Cryptocephalus binominis Newman, 1841, p. 78.
Pronotum: Black (usually) to dark reddish throughout; punctation
dual, larger punctures minute to small.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 35
Elytra: Each elytron black or dark reddish with light orange to red
as follows: lateral one-half (or sUghtly less) at base with inner posterior
portion of spot extending inward, nearly or quite attaining suture,
leaving broad scutellar area black; apical fourth or fifth; basal and
apical spots never meeting. With nine rows of punctures (sometimes
evidently with eight), usually fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth rows
confused, sometimes one much reduced; punctures as large and dis-
tinct as usual but generally sparser, finer apically as usual; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male with a small, vertical,
V-shaped lobe; anterior margin in female produced into a broad,
rather pointed lobe.
Length: 3.6 to 4.8 mm.
Discussion. — A single specimen in the USNM collection was taken
on Pinus sylvestris L.
Young (1959, p. 104) recorded this species as a fossil.
Distribution. — The 34 specimens in the USNM collection are
from Florida, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
and the District of Columbia.
Cryptocephaliis binominis rufibasis Schaeffer
Figure 27
Cryptocephalus binominis rufibasis Schaeffer, 1933, p. 322.
Pronotum: Black throughout, shining; punctation dual, moderate
in density.
Elytra: Basal half of each elytron bright red throughout (type) or
with vague to distinct black markings near scutellum, at most with
intervals one to four black at base; apical half of elytron black with
large, bright red spot at apex; basal and apical red spots never meet-
ing. With eight rows of punctures (sometimes evidently nine), rows
five, six, and seven confused, punctures as large and distinct as usual
though sparser than usual, finer apically as usual; inner and outer
rows distinct at apex and usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced into a short, dis-
tinct, rather sharp spine; anterior margin in female produced into a
short, rather broad lobe.
Length: 4,2 to 5.0 mm.
Discussion.— Schaeffer's two cotypes are in the U.S. National
Museum; both were taken at Punta Gorda, Florida, on November 13.
One is a male; the other a female. The male bears Schaeffer's deter-
mination label and the type number 69068 and is here designated the
lectotype.
In addition, I have assigned two individuals to this species. They
agree closely with the types except that both have black at the base
36 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
of each elytron near the scutellum. The black area is small in one
and fairly large in the other; the latter individual approaches the con-
dition in b. binominis. The lectotype has no indication of black at the
elytral base, but the cotype has a faint indication of black.
Distribution. — All four specimens seen are from Florida; the two
that are not types are from Paradise Key and Tampa.
Cryptocephalus hinotatus, new species
Figures 13, 97, 112
General: Body 1.66 to 1.80 times as long as Avide; dorsal surface
moderately shining, lacking pubescence, ventral surface with short,
sparse, whitish pubescence.
Head: Dull light orange, vertex and antennal insertions darker
orange; front with rather small, indistinct punctures; clypeus flat,
sides sharply delimited, less distinctly so at base, distinctly broadest
apically; antennae of male as long as body, those of female about
two-thirds as long as body, orange to light brownish throughout.
Pronotum: Basic color light orange; male with four longitudinal
dark reddish stripes, not sharply delimited, often a little abbreviated
and somewhat irregular, outer two may be interrupted medially;
female with development of dark markings variable, sometimes with
four rather abbreviated, irregular stripes, usually much reduced, often
with traces of stripes or just basal traces of outer stripes (holotype),
or absent; punctation usually dual, with small punctures dense, larger
punctures rather large and slightly to distinctly coarse, sometimes
with larger punctures very coarse and surface rather rugose and
obscuring small punctures.
Elytra: Light orange with punctures dark reddish to nearly black.
Punctures best developed in some males, these with seven or eight
rather easily traced rows; most males and nearly all females with
punctures quite confused and forming distinct rows only apically,
sometimes basally also; adjacent discal punctures sometimes irregu-
larly connected by pigment; punctures smaller at apex; inner and
outer rows distinct and usually clearly meeting.
Ventral surface: Nearly uniformly light orange throughout, legs with
apices of femora more or less light orange, remainder of legs darker
orange to nearly reddish; presternum of male with anterior margin
produced into a broad lobe, female with anterior margin feebly,
broadly produced; pygidium longitudinally carinate, light orange,
rather coarsely punctate.
Length: 4.1 to 5.0 mm.
Type data. — The species is described from ten specimens. The
holotype (female, USNAl type number 69248) was taken at Yuma,
Arizona, in June, 1909 by A. McLachlan. The allotype, four male and
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTII OF MEXICO 37
four female paratypes were taken at Winterhaven, California, on
June 25, 1952, by D. J. and J. N. Knull; the allotype and six of the
paratypes are in the Ohio State University collection. Male and female
paratypes are in the USNM collection.
Discussion. — The species is separable from its nearest relative
duryi by the development of the pronotal stripes and the elytral
punctures. In duryi, the pronotal stripes are sharply dehmited and
complete; in binotatus, they are irregular and less sharply delimited to
incomplete, much reduced, or even absent. The elytral punctures of
duryi are quite large, confused, and have only faintly evident (or no)
traces of alignment into rows. There is a tendency toward lateral
interconnection of the discal punctures by reddish pigment. The elytral
punctures of binotatus are smaller, distinctly aligned into rows at least
apically, sometimes also basally (and even throughout in some males),
and the punctures are infrequently interconnected by pigment. This
species is named for the type which has two dark pronotal spots.
Cryptocephalus bispinus SufTrian
Figure 72
Cryptocephalus bispinus SufiFrian, 1858, p. 347.
Pronotum: Red to orange with lighter basal obhque spots (some-
times vague), lateral and apical margin orange or yellow, lighter areas
usually not sharply delimited, rarely almost entirely red with lateral
and apical margins yellowish; punctation dual, larger punctures minute
to small.
Elytra: Each elytron creamy yellow to orange with two dark
orange to red or even black vittae as follows: from base of second,
third, and fourth intervals to apex of first interval, always complete
(rarely with scutellar and first interval also dark); from humerus to
apex of fourth, fifth, and sixth intervals, nearly always complete,
rarely interrupted once. With eight rows of punctures, sixth and
seventh rows confused, punctures small, dense, much finer apically;
inner and outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin evenly arcuate in both sexes.
Length: 4.0 to 6.7 mm.
Discussion. — The species has been previously reported only from
Florida. During this work, I encountered individuals from Georgia,
Alabama, and Texas. The 14 southeastern specimens are all females
and range in length from 5.6 to 6.7 mm. The 21 Texas specimens con-
sist of 10 females and 11 males; the females range in length from 5.4 to
6.2 mm., and the males from 4.0 to 4.9 mm. AU the Texas specimens
are from the eastern part of the state. I have found no significant
differences between the southeastern and Texas females of this species,
38 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
though the Texas specimens are slightly smaller and the vittae usually
are more reddish. The Texasjspecimens that I accept as males of
bispinus are shghtly lighter in color and average a little larger than
males of calidus, but I find no reliable external characters|for dis-
tinguishing the two. I suspect that southeastern males of bispinus
are mixed with calidus in our material. C. calidus occurs within the
eastern range of bispinus, and I am unable to distinguish the male of
bispinus from males of calidus from this region. Because the un-
recognized males of bispinus from the southeast are not provided for in
the key, they are likely to key to calidus. Males of bispinus from
Texas wiU run to the correct name in the key.
Collection notes record specimens as taken on sugarcane, in cotton
fields, and on Stillingia sylvatica L.
Distribution. — The 42 specimens examined are from Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, and Texas.
Cryptocephalus bivius Newman
Figures 4, 62, 113
Cryptocephalus bivius Newman, 1840, p. 249.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to orange with four longitudmal,
sharply delimited, usually more or less parallel-sided black vittae
from base to apex, and a small black spot on each side; lateral two
vittae may be slightly sinuate, a little expanded, or reduced. Puncta-
tion dual, larger punctures small to minute, sometimes coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange, usually lighter at sides and apex,
with sharply delimited black markings. Dark markings as follows: at
side a rather large, basal spot centered behind humerus (frequently
reduced to one or two spots); a common, transverse spot centered
before apex of sutural stria, usually attaining fourth interval, some-
times reduced; a common sutural spot centered before union of first
and second striae, sometimes reduced to two spots or absent; an oval
spot at each side just behind middle, usually extending from fifth to
eighth interval, sometimes reduced, never absent; infrequently some
markings confluent; at extreme of least development, pattern with
rather small humeral and lateral spots and two small apical spots.
With eight rows of punctures, sixth and seventh rows confused, fifth
row sometimes reduced, punctures larger, sparser than usual, finer to
apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced mto a short V-
shaped lobe, anterior margin in female evenly arcuate.
Length: 4.3 to 6.4 mm.
Distribution. — All 36 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are from Florida and Georgia.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 39
The species has previously been recorded from Texas, but none of
the specunens in the USNM collection are from this state. It is
possible that these records represent misidentifications of leucomelas
or texanus, as both are similar to hivius.
Cryptocephalus brunneovittatus SchaelTer
Figures 80, 118
Cryptocephalus brunneovittatus Schaefifer, 1904, p. 226.
Pronotum: Dull orange to orange or reddish orange, often with
light basal oblique spots, lateral and apical margins vaguely lighter;
punctation dual, larger punctures small to minute; surface shining.
Elytra: Dull orange to orange and with reddish striae and vittae.
With vague to distinct red to dark reddish vittae as follows: at basal
two-thirds of fourth interval, apical one-third of interval usually
vaguely darker; at apical half of sixth interval, vittae sharply de-
limited by striae. With seven rows of punctures, all even and distinct,
punctures sometimes larger than usual, always sharply impressed,
distinct to apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and clearly
meeting .
Prosternum: Anterior margin evenly arcuate in both sexes.
Length: 3.4 to 4.6 mm.
Discussion. — There are three specunens (two females, one male)
in the U.S. National Musuem, each designated on two separate,
plain labels as "type," and also on a third, red, museum label as
CO types; they bear the number 42281. The collection data are as
follows: "Esprza Rch., Brownsville, Tex." One of the females was
taken on May 29; the others do not bear the date of collection. Two
additional specimens (with differing data) had been placed with the
CO types but bear no type designation, and I have not accepted these
as types. One of the females in the type series (the one bearing the
date of collection) has a Schaeffer determination label; I have labeled
it, and it is here designated as lectotype.
All individuals in the U.S. National Museum have the elytral
vittae light reddish to dark reddish (never black as given in the
original description). Infrequently these vittae are vaguely indicated
or essentially absent. The first vitta occupies the fourth interspace
and is vague or absent at the apical third. The second vitta occupies
the sixth interspace and is usually indistinct to absent at the basal
half. The humerus is always more or less reddish.
Schaeffer (1904, p. 227) was in error in stating that the males bear
a large round impression on the last abdommal segment. This is
always a female character in Cryptocephalus.
Label data record specimens as taken on cowpea leaf, on Dohchvs
minimus L. ("Dolicholus minima") leaf, and in cotton fields.
40 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Distribution. — The 52 individuals in the USNM collection were
taken in the southern fourth of Texas.
Cryptocephalus calidus Suffrian
Figures 73, 117
Cryptocephalus calidus Suflfrian, 1852, p. 241.
Cryptocephalus carinatus Leconte, 1880, p. 202. [New synonymy.]
Pronotum: Orange to dark red, usually with two light, oblique
basal spots and with lateral and apical margins yellowish or lighter,
light markings usually not sharply delimited. Punctation dual, larger
punctures small to (infrequently) moderate in size and coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to (sometimes) orange with dark vittae.
Each elytron with two longitudinal black to (occasionally) dark red-
dish vittae as follows: from base of second, third, and fourth intervals
to or near apex of second interval (vitta always complete, rarely ex-
panded); from humerus to apex of fourth and combined fifth, sixth,
and seventh intervals (vitta infrequently interrupted once, sometimes
expanded). With eight rows of punctures, fifth, sixth, and seventh
rows confused, sixth sometimes greatly reduced, punctures as large,
dense as usual, distinctly finer to apex; inner and outer rows distinct
at apex and usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes evenly arcuate, not
produced.
Length: 4.2 to 5.6 mm.
Discussion. — Schaeffer (1934, p. 458) synonymized calidus with
insertus on the basis of the inadequacy of the characters presented by
Leconte (1880, p. 202) as distinguishing the two. In the USNM series,
I find two distinct species mixed under the two names. In the one
species, the elytral vittae are nearly consistent in development, and
the outer are rarely interrupted. This species I interpret as Suffrian's
calidus on the basis of agreement with his description and notes. He
described calidus as very similar in color and color pattern to venustus
F. and makes no mention of the vittae as being interrupted (as they
are in the other species in the series). In the second species, the inner
vitta of each elytron is complete and often expanded (especially in
the male), and the outer vitta is interrupted once, twice, or nearly
absent. In some males, the interrupted outer vitta is confluent with
the inner. This condition best fits Haldeman's description of the
elytra of his insertus as follows: "extreme margins and disk black with
two confluent vittae, leaving the exterior margin, apex, and a few
streaks of flavous." I interpret Haldeman's name as referring to this
species. Males of insertus range in length from 3.8 to 4.4 mm., and the
inner elytral vittae are often expanded and confluent with the spots
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 41
representing the outer vitta. The female ranges in length from 5.0 to
5.8 mm.; the inner vitta is rarely expanded and the pronotum is
usually darker than that of the male.
Leconte (1880, p. 202) distinguished carinatus (described from
Kansas) on the form of the prosternum, i.e., "carinate for its whole
length." Examination of a long series of individuals of calidus and
specimens from Kansas assignable to carinatus shows this character
to be variable in its development. The prosternum of most specimens
of calidus is flat or sUghtly concave, but in occasional individuals, this
is convex to obtusely carinate. Specimens from Kansas usually have
the prosternum carinate, but this carina ranges from distinct to
absent. I find no other external characters that would serve to dis-
tinguish the category I beUeve to be Leconte's carinatus from calidus.
The only discrepancy I find in Leconte's description is the size given
for his male type (5.5 mm.). The size range of males of calidus is 4.2
to 4.5 mm.; the female is 4.8 to 5.6 mm. long.
I am not convinced that a single species is represented in the
lengthy series I have assigned to this species (see notes under bi-
spinus) . Females from various parts of the range closely approach
hispinus in size and general coloration. Males often exhibit an expan-
sion or reduction of the elytral vittae.
Biological notes from labels record specimens from leaf of Lathyrus
japonicus Willd. (''Lathyrus maritimus") and Lespedeza serecea Miq.
{"Lespedeza serecia").
Distribution. — I have assigned 252 specimens to this species.
They were collected in the following areas: Massachusetts, Connecti-
cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Marj^land, Virginia,
North Carolina, South CaroUna, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, Ohio,
Ontario, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Kansas, Ne-
braska, Colorado, Oklahoma, Iowa, South Dakota, and Montana.
Two individuals in the collection bear Cahfornia as the locaHty of
collection, but it is likely that these labels are in error.
Cryptocephalus castaneus Leconte
Figures 12, 56, 57
Cryptocephalus castaneus Leconte, 1880, p. 200.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to light orange with four broad, black
to red or dark orange, longitudinal vittae, often expanded; median
two vittae rarely meeting along midline; each lateral vitta usually
arcuate or sinuate, frequently expanded and joining imier vitta; dark
markings nearly always sharply delimited. Punctation dual, larger
punctures minute to (rarely) rather large and coarse, at side usually
with a distinct, shallow depression.
42 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange with markings black to dark
reddish or orange and variable. Discal markings of each elytron as
follows: with a large basal and somewhat smaller anteapical spot,
both frequently attaining suture, both often expanded and broadly
joining, when expanded sometimes meeting suture, spots sometimes
reduced. Spots at side of elytron variable, small, often with two
humeral, one anteapical, and two apical spots, sometimes reduced or
joined by discal markings. With eight rows of punctures, sixth and
seventh rows confused, sometimes also fifth; usually punctures larger
and/or sparser than usual, finer to apex; inner and outer rows distinct
at apex and nearly always clearly meeting.
Presternum: Anterior margin in female somewhat produced into a
broad or somewhat pointed lobe; anterior margin m male distinctly
produced into a downward, pointed lobe.
Length: 3.9 to 5.3 mm.
Discussion. — At one extreme of development of the color pattern,
each elytron bears two large discal spots and four smaller spots
laterally; often the discal spots are confluent at the suture. At the
other extreme, the discal spots of each elytron are broadly confluent,
thus forming a broad vitta; sometimes these vittae meet at the suture,
usually they do not. Those specimens bearing broad vittae have three
or four lateral spots.
Label data record specimens as occurring on strawberry, willows,
blackberry, holly, and alfalfa.
Distribution. — Nearly aU the 111 specimens in the USNM coUec-
tion are from California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Two specimens
■with identical data have Massachusetts as the locality of coUection;
this is almost certainly in error. Only two specimens represent the
Arizona record and a single one the New Mexico record; the other 106
specimens are from California.
Cryptocephalus cerinus cerinus B. E. White
Figures 1, 93
Cryptocephalus cerinus cerinus B. E. White, 1937, p. 111.
Pronotum: Almost uniformly light orange with more or less distinct
fine speckhng, this absent in two vague basal obhque areas and at
lateral and apical margins. Punctation dual, smaUer punctures minute
and dense, larger punctures very smaU, not dense.
Elytra: Nearly uniformly hght orange, punctures dark, intervals
four and six sometimes vaguely darker, humerus more or less clouded.
With seven distinct and even rows of punctures and a sliort series
behind humerus, punctures fine and dense, finer to apex as usual;
inner and outer rows distinct at apex, not or just meeting.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 43
Prosternum: Anterior margin of prosternum in female produced
into a distinct, ventrally directed, pointed lobe.
Length: 5.5 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion.— A single female paratype of this species is in the
U.S. National Museum; the data is Lebec, California, VIII-1-36,
B. E. White collector, Chrysothamnus nauseous moliavensis (Chryso-
thumnus nausesous mohavensis Hall). Another female paratype
with the same data as above and from the B. E. White collection has
been examined.
C. c. cerium is very similar to the description and illustration of
C. inconspicuus Jacoby (1880, p. 56). A specimen determined as the
latter by Monros (and which agrees well with its description and
illustration) differs from c. cerinus in that it is more orange; c. cerinus
is more creamy yellow. There is a possibility that the two may be
synonymous.
One specimen is recorded from greasewood leaves and another from
Covillea tridentata Vail.
Distribution. — The four specimens examined are from California,
Nevada, and Texas.
Cryptocephalus cerinus nevadcnsis B. E. White
FiGURK 89
Cryptocephalus cerinus nevadensis B. E. White, 1937, p. 113.
Pronotum : Light orange in most areas with darker orange speckling ;
with vague reddish markings at center of disk and basally on each
side; coloring lightest in two vague oblique basal spots, at sides, and
at apex. Punctation dual, larger punctures small, fine, and sparse,
smaller punctures minute, moderate in density.
Elytra: Background color light orange, vittae brown to black. Each
elytron with three vittae as follows: on second interval, indistinct
apically; on fourth interval, sometimes indistinct basally; on sixth
interval. With seven rows of even, distinct punctures and a short
series beliind humerus, punctures distinct and dense, finer to apex as
usual; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and nearly or quite meet-
ing.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced ventrally into a
pointed lobe, in female produced ventrally into a broad, not distiactly
pointed lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 6.3 mm.
Discussion. — I have seen only the holotype and allotype of this
subspecies. Though they are superficially very similar to c. conHuentus,
they have the form and symmetry of c. cerinus. In the latter and c.
44 U.S. NATIONAL MTJSEUAI BULLETLN" 290
nevadensis, the pronotum from the dorsal view is stouter than that of
c. confluentus.
DisTEiBUTiON. — The types of this subspecies were taken in Nevada;
no other specunens are known to me.
Cryptocephalus confluentus confluentus Say
Figures 16, 90, 121
Cryptocephalus confluentus Say, 1824, p. 440.
Cryptocephalus confluens Say, of authors.
Pronotum: Orange to reddish (rarely blackish), usually vdth light
yellowish markings in two basal oblique spots and at lateral and apical
margins, usually darkest (sometimes black) basally on each side, light
margins variable, often vague. Punctation dual, smaller punctures
minute and dense, larger punctures very small, infrequently rather
small and coarse.
Elytra: Background color creamy yellow to light orange, vittae
brown to black. Each elytron with three dark vittae as follows: on
second interval, usually complete, sometimes vague apically; on fourth
interval, sometimes vague or interrupted before middle, rarely vague
at basal half and apex; on sixth interval, often vague or reduced at
base. With seven distinct and even rows of punctures and a short
series behind humerus, punctures fine, dense as usual, finer to apex as
usual; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and nearly or quite
meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced ventrally into a
distinct, pointed lobe or spine, in female produced ventrally into a
distinct, sometimes pointed lobe.
Length: 4.0 to 5.7 mm.
Discussion. — Haldeman (1849, p. 253) used the spelling confluens
for this species as have nearly all authors since; I believe, however,
this is an unjustified emendation and that the original spelling
confluentus is correct.
Two specimens from Mexico determined as C. ahrwptus Suffrian are
similar to this species. They differ in that the yellowish pronotal
markings (two basal spots and the lateral and apical margins) are
distinct (not vague as in c. confluentus) and the vitta on the second
elytral interval is interrupted or incomplete apically (nearly always
complete in c. confluentus). Also each elytron bears a small, dark
subhumeral spot; this is absent in c. confluentus.
Tilden (1949, p. 151) recorded this species on Baccharis jpilularis
consanguinea O. Ktze. (Astereae),
Label data provide the following records: Chrysothamnus, Chry-
sothamnus speciosus Nutt, and Gutierrezia lucida Green.
CRYPTOCEPHALTJS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 45
Distribution.— The 65 specimens in the USNM collection are
from Utah, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada,
Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Montana, and Alberta, Canada!
Blatchley (1924, p. 53) recorded the species from Florida, but this is
probably an error.
Cryptocephalus confluentus melanoscelus, new subspecies
Figure 98
General: Body 1.66 to 1.70 times as long as wide; widest behind
humeri, somewhat tapering posteriorly; dorsal surfaces shining, with-
out pubescence, most of ventral surface with short, sparse, whitish
pubescence, most dense (as usual) on metepisternum.
Head: Creamy yellow, antenna! insertions and labrum reddish to
dark, vertex usually (in two of three specimens) light orange; front
with moderate-sized punctures, moderate in density; clypeus sharply
delimited at sides, less so at base, distinctly broadest apically, noticea-
bly concave. Antennae three-fourths length of body in male, or over
one-half length of body in female; antennae brown, first segment and
apical segments darkest.
Pronotum: Predominantly light orange and speckled with darker
orange but with unspeckled cream yeUow in two oblique spots at base
and at lateral and apical margins. Punctation dual, smaller punctures
minute and dense, larger punctures very small, not coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to very light orange, each elytron with black,
sharply delimited vittae on intervals two, four, and six; vittae some-
times cloudy or not sharply delimited at bases or apices; first vitta
joining suture before apical fourth; second and third vittae narrowly
joining before apex. Each elytron with seven rows of fine, even punc-
tures and a short, sometimes confused series behind humerus; punc-
tures distinctly finer apically; inner and outer rows distinct to apex
and nearly or quite meeting.
Ventral surface: Prosternum and mesosternum predominantly yel-
lowish; metasternum yellowish at middle, brownish to black at side;
metepisternum black. Abdomen mostly clouded brownish, yellowish
as follows: at center of first segment; usually at center of segments
two and three; entire fifth segment; in lateral spots at side of segments
two, three, and four. Legs brownish to black, each lighter or with
yellowish on femora above at base and below near apex; tibiae fighter
at their bases. Anterior margin of prosternum in male produced yen-
trally into a distinct, pointed lobe, in female produced ventrally into
a shorter, pointed lobe. Fifth abdominal segment faintly depressed at
center in male, with a deep, oval depression at center in female.
Pygidium yellowish thi'oughout to brownish at base, distmctly punc-
tate, punctures moderate in density and coarseness.
313-144—68 4
46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Length: 4.5 to 6.0 mm.
Type data. — This description is from three individuals, all taken
at "Searsville L.," California, in June 1927 by D. H. Blake and on
Baccharis pilularis DC. The locality refers to Searsville Lake in San
Mateo County. The male holotype bears type number 69251; it, the
allotype, and a female paratype are in the USNM collection.
Discussion. — This subspecies differs from c. confluentus primarily
in coloration. In c. melanoscelus , the legs are predominantly brownish
or black, and the pronotum does not bear the reddish or black mark-
ings typical of c. confluentus. In c. conHuentus, the legs are yellowish
or reddish (sometimes with a little brownish evident), and the pro-
notum is generally reddish and often nearly black at the sides. The
male genitalia of c. melanoscelus are essentially identical to those of
c. confluentus.
Cryptocephalus contextiis, new species
Figure 102
General: Body 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surfaces rather
shiny, elytra a little less shiny than pronotum; dorsum "without pu-
bescence, most of ventral surface with short, sparse pubescence.
Head : Front and clypeus ivory yeUow, an inverted V from vertex
to antennal insertions, lateral margin of clypeus and labrum orange;
front and clypeus with rather small, sparse punctures ; clypeus broad,
apex somewhat wider than base. Antennae two-thirds length of body
in female, brown throughout.
Pronotum : Orange with ivory yellow as follows (light markings not
sharply delimited) ; in two oblique basal spots; at lateral margin (this
narrower posteriorly, abruptly wider anteriorly) ; narrowly at anterior
margin. Orange areas speckled with minute darker spots, densest
laterally at base, nearly absent medially at base except on median
line, median line anteriorly without spots. Punctation dual, small
punctures minute, larger punctures quite small.
Elytra: Background color ivory yellow, dark markings brown.
Dark markings of each elytron interconnected, confined largely to
area bounded by suture to sixth stria at side and from basal limit of
punctures to apical limit of third to sixth intervals; markings not
attaining base, lateral margin, or apex; with yellow at base near
scutellum, at middle of side, in a common spot on second and thu*d
intervals, and in apical spots on third, fourth, and fifth intervals.
Each elytron with seven rows of fine, rather dense punctures and a
series behind humerus, finer apically as usual; fifth row confused
before apex, sixth row irregular behind humerus; inner and outer rows
distinct at apex, more or less clearly meeting.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 47
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and legs orange; witli ivory yellow
on prosternum, mesosternum (plus side pieces), basal median part of
first abdominal segment, and at sides of first to fifth abdominal seg-
ments; ivory yellow broad on fifth segment. Anterior margin of
prosternum in female broadly, not strongly, lobed. Pygidiiim ivory
yellow, median line and base narrowly brown, surface rather coarsely
punctate. Fifth abdominal segment m female with a large, oval, deep
depression at center.
Length: 4.2 mm.
Type data. — This species is described from a single female specimen
(USNM type number 69245) with the data, "Grand Canyon, Arizona,
June '27, D. H. Blake."
Discussion. — Cryptocephalus contextus is similar to cowaniae; the
two are separable on the basis of the dark elytral markings.
In cowaniae, these attain the sides of the elytra just behind the
middle and before the apex; in contextus, they do not attain the sides
of the elytra. The specific name (meaning connected) refers to the
fact that the dark elytral markings are interconnected.
C. contextus is also similar to the Central American species patheticus
Suffrian. The basic elytral pattern is the same; however, the body size
and extent of the dark markings separate the two. C. contextus is
4.2 mm. long, and two specimens of patheticus in the USNM collection
are 2.8 mm. and 3.0 mm. long. In the two specimens of patheticus, the
dark elytral markings attain the sides of the elytra; in the single
specimen of contextus, they do not.
In addition, this species is quite similar to the illustration and
description of C. decemplagiatus Jacoby in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana (1889, p. 111). I have seen no individuals of the decem-
plagiatus so have been unable to make a direct comparison. One
apparent difference is that the pronotum of decemplagiatus is described
as predominantly brown; that of contextus is orange.
Cryptocephalus cowaniae Schaeffcr
Figures 83, 124
Cryptocephalus cowaniae Schaeflfer, 1934, p. 462.
Pronotum: Dark red or (usually) brown to black, light markings
creamy yellow to orange. Light markings as follows: at base on each
side in a rectangular spot; at apex in a larger, roughly square spot;
at apical margin, broadest at center; in two oblique basal spots, often
reduced to simple spots, rarely vague or absent, markings rather
sharply delimited. Punctation dual, larger punctures minute to small.
Elytra: Dark red or (usually) brown to black, light markings
creamy yellow to orange. Light markings as follows: an elongate spot
48 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
at base of scutellar and first intervals; conjoined spots at bases of
third, fourth, and fifth intervals meetmg yellow lateral margin, latter
spots rarely reduced or absent; an oblique spot at about middle of
second and third intervals, often reduced or vague, rarely absent;
lateral margin at base to about middle apically joining an oblique
lateral spot; two anteapicai spots, often reduced or joined; one apical
spot sometimes reduced. With eight rows of punctures, fifth shortened,
usually sixth and seventh confused (or only sixth), sixth interrupted
or reduced at middle; inner and outer rows distinct at apex, usually
clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female evenly arcuate, not pro-
duced ; anterior margin in male somewhat produced into a broad lobe.
Length: 3.7 to 4.8 mm.
Discussion. — Schaeffer (1933, p. 462) described erect spinelike
processes at the apex of the prosternum in the male. These are actually
at the base of the prosternum and appear to be ventral extensions
of the paired processes normally present in members of this genus.
The male holotype bears Schaeffer's identification label and is
thereon designated as type; it bears USNM type number 69090.
Fifteen paratypes (three males, twelve females) complete the type
series; these are all in the U.S. National Museum. All were taken at
Williams, Arizona, during July by Schwarz and Barber, and evidently
in the year 1901 (some bear the year of collection, but some do not,
and included among the latter is the holotype). The days of collection
are given for all and are the first (the holotype and one female para-
type), the 14th (one male paratype), the 16th (one male and five
female paratypes), the 17th (one male and four female paratypes),
the 18th (one female paratype), and the 28th (one female paratype).
Schaeffer (1934, p. 462) records the species as being taken on
Cowania sfansburiana Tarr.
Distribution. — In addition to the 16 types, three other individuals
have been examined, all from Arizona.
Cryptocephaliis cribripennis Leconte
Figure 64
Cryptocephalus cribripennis Leconte, 1880, p. 200.
Pronotum : Light red to (usually) dark reddish, light markings creamy
yellow to orange. Light markings as follows: in two joining, elongate,
oblique spots at base; entire lateral margin (distinctly narrowed
medially); at apical margin; markings rather sharply delimited.
Punctation usually not dual, smaller punctures absent to very
sparse, larger punctures minute to small; with a distinct, shallow
impression at each side.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 49
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange, punctures and markings red to
dark reddish. Dark markings as follows: an elongate spot at base of
first interval (this often joins suture at its apex); elongate spots at
base, middle, and apex of third interval; a humeral spot; two spots
behind humerus, one obliquely above and one obliquely below hu-
merus; a submedian spot; a spot at apex of seventh interval; markings
usually consistent, sharply delimited, sometimes expanded or reduced.
Punctures quite large, more or less irregular, sparser than usual,
generally forming eight evident rows, rows often obscure; rows six and
seven confused and much reduced; punctures finer apically; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female somewhat or vaguely
produced into a lobe, usually pointed; anterior margin in male dis-
tinctly produced into a pointed lobe.
Length: 4.8 to 6.2 mm.
Discussion. — There is a possibility that cribripennis is synonymous
Avith irroratus Suffrian (1852b, p. 32). I have examined the description
of irroratus but have not been able to assign the name ^^-ith certainty
to specimens in the Central American series of the USNM collection.
Among specimens in this collection determined as C. irroratus, I find
four distinct species, one of which matches cribripennis. The other
three have the dark elytral markings joining to form transverse bands;
I think it likely that irroratus applies to one of the last three, but to
which one I cannot determine.
Collection data refer to specimens as taken on orange trees, on
cotton, on marsh willov/, and on black-eyed peas.
Distribution. — The 64 specimens examined are from southern
Texas.
Cryptocephalits cuneatus Fall
Figures 11, 51
Cryptocephalus cuneatus Fall, 1932, p. 24.
Pronotum: Creamy yeUow to very fight orange with three broad,
orange to (sometimes) dark red longitudinal \dttae, one median, two
lateral, these sometimes expanded and joining apicaUy, markings not
sharply defimited. Punctures dual, larger punctures minute to small.
Elytra: Each elytron creamy yellow to very fight orange with black
markings, disk sometimes clouded with reddish. Suture more or less
broadly margined with black, a black mark from humerus to apex of
seventh interval. With eight rows of punctures, sLxth and sometunes
fifth rows confused, lateral mtervals distinctly convex, punctures as
large and dense as usual, punctures finer apicaUy; inner and outer
rows distinct at apex and clearly meeting.
50 U.S. NATIONAL IMUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Prosternum: Anterior margin not produced, evenly arcuate in both
sexes.
Length: 4.0 to 5.1 mm.
Distribution. — All 15 specimens examined are from Florida. Fall's
single male type specimen was from Georgia.
Cryptocephalus cupressi SchaefiFer
Figures 55, 122
Cryptocephalus cupressi SchaefiFer, 1933, p. 324.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow with four dark reddish to nearly black,
longitudinal, sharply delimited vittae, these attaining base but not
apex; median two nearly parallel-sided, somewhat widest at apical
third, nearly to quite touching at base; lateral two triangular, widest
apically, narrowest at base. Punctation dual or not, smaU punctures
(when present) extremely sparse, larger punctures very large, coarse
but smaller and less coarse near margins.
Elytra: Each elytron creamy yellow with sharply delimited dark
reddish markings. Dark markings as follows: large diagonal spot
from base of fourth interval to apex of sutural stria, broadly attaining
suture, not attaining base or scutellum; a large spot centered just
behind humerus, not attaining base or side; two paired postmedian,
medium-sized spots, first centered at apical third of fourth interval,
second centered at about apical third of seventh stria (latter two
sometimes narrowly joined); two paired, apical spots, one centered
before apex of third stria, other centered before apex of seventh stria.
With eight rows of punctures, sixth and seventh rows confused,
punctures as large as but generally sparser than usual, those of disk
more strongly impressed than usual, much finer to apex; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes distinctly produced
downward into a blunt or rather pointed lobe, more produced in male.
Length: 4.7 to 5.7 mm.
Discussion. — Schaeffer's four co types are in the USNM, three are
females, one is a male. The single male is hereby designated lectotype
and is so labeled; it bears USNM type number 69091. The data on the
lectotype follows: "N. Orleans, 1.2 La., ex pupa V." A cotype bears
essentially the same data as above but emerged on "IV." One cotype
bears the following: "New Orleans, La., larvae on cypress Xll.29.1931,
adult pupae IV.6.1932". The other cotype bears: "New Orleans,
1.2.1932, on cypress, ex pupa IV.1932, G. P. Engelhardt Coll."
Distribution. — The four type specimens from Louisiana are all
that have been examined.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 51
Cryptoceplvalus defectus Lecontc
Figure 65
Cryptocephalus defectus Leconte, 1880, p. 201,
Cryptocephalus nigrovittatus Jacoby, 1880, p. 44. [New synonymy.]
Pronotum: Light orange throughout, vaguely darker near apex and
laterally on each side; punctation extremely sparse and minute, not
distinctly dual.
Elytra: Light orange with brown markings. Each elytron with dark
markings as follows: on second stria at base, at basal half of fourtli
interval, on humerus, at apical third of sixth interval, at apex of sixth
interval, and at middle of eighth stria. With seven rows of punctures
and a short series behind humerus, no striae confused; fourth interval
distinctly narrowed at nearly basal half, all intervals distinctly convex;
punctures finer, as dense as usual, striae finer to apex; inner and outer
rows distinct at apex and usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female broadly ,[feebly lobed; male
not seen.
Length: 3.2 to 3.3 mm.
Discussion.— Schaeffer (1934, p. 457) listed as synonyms of luteolus
Newman both dejectus and sanfordi Blatchley {=sanJordensis Blatch-
ley, see Clavareau, 1913, p. 182). He stated that he had seen the type
of dejectus and had received notes on the type of luteolus; however, the
species I interpret as luteolus {= sanfordi) has a reddish thorax; that of
dejectus is described as yellow and not varied. In the USNM coUection
there is a single individual from Florida that agrees with the descrip-
tions of sanfordi and luteolus and that is clearly distinct from two
individuals from Texas which agree with the description of defedm.
When a color sketch of one of the latter individuals was sent to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Dr. Evans informed me that the
type of defectv^ agreed with it. On this basis, I remove defectus from
synonymy with luteolus.
By its description and illustration, nigrovittatus Jacoby (October
1880 p 44) is nearly identical with defectus Leconte (July 1880, p.
201) ' The only difference is the extent of the black stripe on the second
interval of the elytra of nigrovittatus; it is described and illustrated as
extending past the middle of the interval. In a series of individuals
from Central America (Finca, Panama; Yepocapa, Guatemala; and
Almolonga, Mexico) that agree with the description of mgroMiatus,
however, this vitta is variable in its development. In mne it is as
described in the original description, in one it is nearly absen , and m
another it is interrupted in the middle. I find no other character, that
52 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
would reliably serve to distinguish dejectus and nigrovittatus, so I have
united the two.
Distribution. — Both specimens examined are from Texas.
Cryptocephalus disruptus, new species
Figures 100, 125
General: Body 1.73 times as long as wide; dorsal surface moderately
shining and without pubescence, most of ventral surface with short,
sparse pubescence.
Head: Dull orange, a darker spot on vertex; antennal insertions and
apical margin of clypeus reddish. Front roughly punctate, punctures
small to moderate, dense at middle. Clypeus with basal suture obsolete,
moderately wider apically than at base. Antennae of male about
two-thirds length of body, dull orange, apical half a little darker.
Pronotum: With dark markings on a didl orange backgi'ound.
Markings dark reddish, not sharply dehmited, consisting of four
longitudinal, subparallel stripes, separated throughout, inner two
widest at middle, leaving a median Hght stripe, somewhat outwardly
arcuate; outer dark stripes broader than inner, broadest behind
middle, rather narrowed anteriorly; in middle at each side with a
small, dark red spot. Punctation dual, surface irregularly, finely
^\Tinkled, smaller punctm-es larger than usual, distinct; larger punc-
tures small, more or less coarse.
Elytra: Background color creamy yellow; dark markings red,
punctures black. Each elytron with dark markings as follows: a
transverse undulate postbasal band from suture to humerus; a small
subhumeral spot; a moderate-sized postmedian spot from suture to
fifth stria, lateral to postmedian spot a rather small spot centered on
seventh stria and touching lateral margin; two small spots near apex,
one centered just before apex of fourth interval, other centered before
apex of sixth interval. Punctures primarily confined to dark markings,
large and distinctly arranged in rows only on dark markings, much
smaller, very sparse on light areas; punctures on dark markings
forming seven disconnected rows, these punctures rather smaller
apically; outer row of punctures distinct at apex, inner row obsolete
at apex.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface, legs, and pygidium duU orange
WTth reddish evident; prosternum, front coxae, mesosternum, mesepi-
meron, and first abdominal segment at base with duU yellow, each
femur ventrally before apex with a yellowish spot. Fifth abdominal
segment of male at center feebly depressed. Anterior margin of
prosternum in male evenly arcuate, not produced.
Length: 4.25 mm.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 53
Type data.— The single male individual from which this species
is described (USNM type number 69246) bears only the datum
Colorado.
Discussion. — This species is most similar to bivius and is readily
distinguished from it. In bimus, the rows of punctures are continuous
and not interrupted by the light areas; in disruptus, the rows are
obsolete or absent in the light areas. Also bioius ranges in length from
4.3 to 6.4 mm.; the one individual of disruptus is 4.25 mm. long. The
specific name disruptus refers to the disconnected rows of punctures
of the elytra.
Cryptocephalus dorsatus, new species
Figures 2, 99, 126
General: Body 1.7 times as long as wide; dorsal surface shining,
without pubesoense, most of ventral surface with short, sparse,
whitish pubescence.
Head: Dull orange, front with moderate-sized punctures; clypeus
not sharply delimited, short, distinctly broadest apically, with fine,
sparse punctures. Antennae of male about two-thirds length of body,
in female about one-half length of body, first five segments dull orange,
apical six segments dark brown.
Pronotum: Predominantly dull orange, with vague lighter or
apparently transparent areas at base, apex, and sides. Punctation
dual, smaller punctures minute and rather dense, larger punctures
small, not dense.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to light orange; humerus dark brown to
black; punctures dark. Each elytron with seven rows of moderate-
sized, fairly even punctures and one or tw^o punctures behind humerus,
punctures rather close, smaller to apex; inner and outer rows distinct
at apex, nearly meeting or meeting. Intervals not or only slightly
convex.
Ventral surface : Ventral surfaces and legs dvdl orange, metasternum
(especially at side) darker than remainder. Male with anterior margin
of prosternum broadly produced ventrally into a V-shaped lobe,
appearing spinelike in lateral view; female mth anterior margin of
prosternum produced ventrally, not as broad or pointed as that of
male. Fifth abdominal segment at center with a broad, deep, oval pit
in female, or faintly depressed in male. Pygidium dull orange, with
rather dense, moderate-sized punctures.
Length: 4.4 to 5.0 mm.
Type data. — Described from one male and one female taken at
Alpine, Texas, on August 1, 1949. The female bears the following data:
"sweeping Erigeron sp. and Gutierrezia microcepliala, Alpine, Tx.
54 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
l-VIII-49, J. L. Ward." The male holotype is in the CAS collection;
the allotype is in the USNM collection.
Discussion. — This species is most similar to c. cerinus, but differs
in color. In dorsatus, the pronotum is dull orange and the elytra are
creamy yellow to light orange; in c. cerinus, the dorsal surface is light
orange tliroughout.
Cryptocephalus duryi Schaeflfer
Figures 14, 54, 120
Cnjptocephalus duryi Schaeffer, 1906, p. 230.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to light orange, with four rather narrow,
red to dark red, subparallel, longitudinal vittae, these attaining base,
nearly attaining apex, sharply delimited, never touching; sculpture
dual and coarse, larger punctures rather large, smaller punctures larger
than usual; pronotum in profile more declivous than usual.
Elytra : Creamy yellow to dull light orange, humerus and punctures
dark red, punctures large, confused, rows evident only at sides and
apex, numerous punctures transversely joined by red, especially those
on disk; inner and outer rows of punctures distinct at apex and clearly
meeting.
Prosternum : Anterior margin in male somewhat produced anteriorly
into a rather pointed lobe, anterior margin in female not or feebly
lobed.
Length: 4.5 to 5.6 mm.
Discussion. — The female holotype and single specimen from which
the species was described is USNM type number 42306. The printed
label data are as follows: "Brownsville, Tex. Apr. 12-May 20,"
Avritten on the label in pencil is the following: "5/5 03."
One specimen was taken on a mimosa leaf.
Distribution. — The seven specimens examined are all from
southern Texas.
Cryptocephalus egregius Schaefifer
Figures 17, 60
Cryptocephalus egregius Schaeflfer, 1934, p. 459.
Pronotum: Dull creamy yellow to nearly orange, with black,
sharply delimited markings. Dark markings as follows: a broad,
median, longitudinal spot from base to apex, midline with narrow,
disconnected spots of yellow; each side of median spot with oval to
triangular, medium-sized spots, usually narrowly connected with
median spot; at each side usually with a very tiny black spot. Surface
sculpture dual or not, smaller punctures usually absent, larger punc-
tures minute to absent.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 55
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to nearly orange with black markings
sharply delimited. Each elytron with dark markings as follows: three
medium-sized spots, one centered before base of second stria, one
centered before apex of second mterval, one centered behind middle of
sixth stria (these spots may be expanded and largely confluent) ; with
six small spots, one on suture before apex of sutural stria, one on
humerus, two behind humerus (one diagonally above, one diagonally
behind), one at apex of fourth interval, one at apex of seventh mterval.
With eight rows of punctures, usually fifth, sixth, and seventh rows
confused, sometimes only sixth, punctures as large, a little sparser
than usual, much finer apically; inner and outer rows distinct at apex
and usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female produced ventrally into a
somewhat pointed lobe; male not seen.
Length: 6.0 to 6.7 mm.
Discussion. — The female holotype from Fort Valley, Georgia, col-
lected by Scott and Fiske is USNM type number 69092. The single
female paratype is also in the U.S. National Museum; it was taken at
Calvert, Texas, on "IV. 12.07" by C. K. Jones. These two specimens
represent the type series.
Distribution. — Only five individuals have been seen, they are
from Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia, and New Jersey.
Cryptocephalus fulguratus Leconte
FiGUKE 67
Cryptocephalus fulguratus Leconte, 1880, p. 203.
Pronotum: DuU orange to red, margins usually yellow or at least
lighter, not sharply delimited; punctation usually dual, smaller
punctures very sparse to nearly absent, larger punctures miimte.
Elytra: Light creamy yellow to orange, striae and dark markings
red to (usually) dark red. Dark markings as follows: on base of second
interval curving to apex of sutural stria; on apex of second stria; at
base, middle, and apex of fourth stria; behind base, behind middle,
and on apex of sLxth stria; on humerus; behind base at middle of
seventh stria; above markings reduced to (rarely) nearly absent or
(more often) transversely joined and forming three undulating bands.
With seven rows of punctures and a short series behmd humerus, sixth
stria interrupted and joining fifth, latter sometimes also interrupted
at junction with sixth; punctures as large, dense as usual, finer apically,
intervals rather to quite convex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex
and clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male somewhat produced into a
broad lobe, anterior margin in female feebly produced.
Length: 3.8 to 5.0 mm.
56 U.S. NATIONAL IVIUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Discussion. — This species is similar to but evidently distinct from
a single specimen from the Monros collection determined as C. austerus
Suffrian taken at Orizaba, Mexico. In the latter individual, the elytral
surface is rather depressed by two narrow, transverse, dark bands,
and the striae are somewhat distorted. This condition does not occur
in fulguratus. Two additional specimens in the USNM collection (one
from Mexico, the other from Guatemala) determined as C. rimosus
Suffrian differ hoTn. fulguratus by the above characters and apparently
are not distinguishable from austerus.
A single individual is recorded from oak.
Two of the specimens on hand (both from Sabinal, Texas) are
uniformly light orange above with very faint indications of the dark
elytral markings. These markings are more or less distinct in aU the
other specimens.
Distribution. — The 130 specimens examined are from Texas,
Arkansas, and Kansas.
Cryptocephalus gibbicollis gibbicollis Haldeman
Figure 79
Cryptocephalus gibbicollis Haldeman, 1849, p. 252.
Pronotum: Orange to red, nearly always with two vague oblique,
yellowish spots at base; lateral and apical margins more or less
yellowish; yellowish markings often reduced or expanded. Surface
with dual punctation, larger punctures minute to small. Pronotum in
profile rather to distinctly more gibbous than usual.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to very light orange with black markings.
Each elytron with two complete, sharply deUmited, black (rarely
very dark reddish) vittae as follows: from base of second, third, and
fourth intervals to apex of second interval; from humerus to apex of
seventh to fourth intervals. With eight rows of punctures, usually
sixth and seventh rows confused, sometimes only sixth, fifth row often
abbreviated; punctures as usual in size and density, finer apically;
inner and outer rows usually clearly meeting at apex; epipleuron
black throughout.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes somewhat produced
into a broad lobe.
Length: 5.2 to 7.1 mm.
Discussion. — Three individuals from Ashland, Massachusetts,
have the vittae much narrowed but still complete; they are thus
nearly intermediate between g. gibbicollis and g. decrescens.
Label data provide the record "on Kalmia angustijolia."
Distribution. — The 91 specimens on hand are from Maine, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York,
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 57
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Alabama, and
Louisiana.
Cryptocephalus gibbicollis decrescens, new subspecies
Figures 101, 123
Head: Reddish orange, usually \\dth vague yellow adjacent to eyes,
antennal segments one to five orange, terminal six brown to black.
Pronotum: Disk deep orange to reddish. Vague yellowish markings
present as follows: in two more or less indistinct basal spots; a narrow
band at lateral margin; a narrow to broad band at apical margin,
margins narrowly black. Disk produced as in g. gibbicollis.
Elytra: Background color creamy yellow to light orange; all mar-
gins narrowly black; dark markings black, frequently mth brown or
reddish borders, variable in development, on one extreme with only
humerus black, on other with incomplete vitta from base of stria two
to before apex of interval two (often with base of interval three and
stria three clouded), and with incomplete vitta from humerus to just
past middle of interval seven, often also blackish at apex of fourth
interval. Epipleuron with inner and outer margins brown to black,
medially brown to yellowish. Rows of punctures as in g. gibbicollis.
Ventral surface : Form as in g. gibbicollis; ventral surfaces, pj^gidium,
and legs nearly uniformly reddish orange, pygidium often with
yellowish at sides, tarsi often more or less brownish.
Length: 5.0 to 7.0 mm.
Type data. — Described from nine individuals with the following
data: "Sherborn, Massachusetts, VII-23-1933, C. A. Frost" (male
holotype, USNM type number 69249, and allotype) ; "USA, Massa-
chusetts, Sherborn, 29-VI-1934, Coll. Frost, Monros Collection"
(two males, two female paratypes); "C. A. Frost, Sherborn, Massa-
chusetts, VII-23-33, sweeping Kalmia" (one female i)aratype) ; one
female paratype from Milford M., Sept. 7-94, collection F. Knab"
(the M. in the previous data probably refers to Massachusetts);
"Jacksonville, Florida, collection Ashmead" (one female paratype).
All types are in the U.S. National Museum.
Discussion. — This subspecies is readily distinguished from g.
gibbicollis by the color pattern. In g. gibbicollis, the inner vitta of each
elytron encompasses three intervals at its base, and the outer vitta
is complete from the humerus to the apex. In g. decrescens, the inner
vitta is obsolete at the base or covers a single interval, and the outer
vitta is never complete, at most it extends to just past the middle of
the elytra. The subspecific name (meaning to diminish or lessen)
refers to the dark markings of the elytra, which are much reduced from
the condition in g. gibbicollis. The internal structures of the male
58 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
genitalia of these subspecies are essentially the same, but in g. gib-
bicollis the median lobe is noticeably broader apically.
The male holotype illustrated (fig. 101) is about midway between
the extremes in the development of the dark elytral markings.
Cryptocephalus guttulatellus Schaeffer
Figure 52
Cryptocephalus guttulatellus Schaefifer, 1920, p. 327.
Cryptocephalus quatuordecimpuslulatus Schaeffer, 1904, p. 226 [not Suffrian].
Pronotum: Dull creamy yeUow, disk (except broad basal area)
usually speckled, sometimes clouded with reddish or orange; punctures
of one size, small, sparse.
Elytra: Background duU orange to dull reddish, each elytron with
seven creamy yellow to very light orange spots, more or less oval,
subequal, generally separated by a little less than half their diameters
(rarely some touching). Spots centered as follows: one before base of
scutellar stria, one at base of fifth interval, one at middle of sixth
stria, one at about middle of second stria, one before apex of third
stria, one before apex of seventh interval, and one at elytral apex.
With seven rows of punctures, fifth and sixth rows confused, often
both interrupted and joining at about middle of elytron; punctures
varying in size, generally sparser than usual; finer apicaUy; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, not joining.
Prosternum: Anterior margin somewhat broadly produced in both
sexes.
Length: 2.6 to 3.0 mm.
Discussion. — A series of specimens from Central America deter-
mined as C. ocellatus Suffrian (a synonym of subtilis Harold, 1872, p.
254) appears undistinguishable from guttulatellus, but I have been
unable to confirm that the series is correctly determined.
The Central American species C. tesseratus Chevrolat (1834, p. 85)
is similar in color and pattern to guttulatellus but is larger; it varies in
length from 4.0 to 5.0 mm.
Nine cotypes are in the U.S. National Museum and these bear type
number 42412. The specimen I hereby designate as the lee to type is a
male and bears Schaeffer's determination label; the data foUows:
"Esprza Rch Brownsville Tex. VIII/" Three cotypes (one male, one
female, and one with the apex of the abdomen eaten by a dermestid,
but evidently a female by its size) bear the same data as the type.
Two cotypes bear the data "Esper Rch Brownsville Tex," one, a male,
was taken in "VII," the other, a female, was taken in "VI." Three
additional cotypes bear the foUo\\ang: "Brownsville Tex., VI 2" (a
female) "Esp. Ranch Brownsville Tex., V.27" (a female); and "St.
Thomas Brownsville Tex VIII 28" (a male).
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 59
One specimen was taken on Celtis.
Distribution. — All 33 specimens seen (including the types) were
taken in southern Texas.
Cryptocephalus guttulatus Olivier
Figures 53, 130
Cryptocephalus guttulatus Olivier, 1808, p. 815.
Cryptocephalus lautv^ Newman, 1840, p. 250.
Pronotum: Light orange to reddish, basal angle yellowish, often
with basal oblique spots, lateral and apical margins yellowish or
lighter. Surface impunctate to very finely, sparsely punctured,
punctures not dual.
Elytra: Background black to red or dark orange, each elytron
with eight nearly subequal, usually oval, creamy yellow to dull
orange spots. Spots as follow^s: one centered at base of scutellar
stria, one centered at base of fifth interval, one centered at base of
last stria, one centered at middle of third interval, one centered before
middle of seventh stria, one centered before apex of third stria,
one centered before apex of eighth interval, and one centered at junc-
tion of imier and outer stria. Surface sometimes finely, transversely
wrinkled. With eight rows of punctures, sLxth confused and much
reduced, seventh usually interrupted or somewhat confused ; punctures
as large, dense as usual, finer apicaUy; inner and outer rows distinct
at apex, usually nearly or quite meeting.
Prostemum: Anterior margin in male produced into a distinct,
ventrally directed lobe; anterior margm in female with a distinct,
somewhat less produced lobe.
Length: 3.9 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — The Central American species tesseratus Chevrolat
(1834, p. 85) may be synonymous with guttulatus. The only differences
I find between the USNM series of these two are that the background
color of guttulatus is often black, m tesseratus it is dark reddisli.
The inadequacy of the tesseratus series (but six specimens, some ui
poor condition) does not allow a reliable conclusion to be drawn.
Another possible synonym of guttulatws is testudineus Jacoby
(1889, p. 105). By its description and a specimen in the USNM
collection from Guatemala City, it seems identical. I have not seen
an example of rhombeus Suffrian (described as similar to this group
of species by Suffrian), so I will not make name changes at this
time.
Specimens in the collection have been collected on cotton and
on okra.
Douglass (1929, p. 8) recorded this species from honey locust.
60 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Distribution. — The 146 specimens in the collection were collected
in Massachusetts, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, West Virginia,
Indiana, Wisconsin, Arkansas, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado.
Cryptocephalus iniplaciduSf new species
Figures 3, 104
General: Body 1.65 to 1.75 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
somewhat shining, mthout pubescence, most of ventral surface with
short, sparse, whitish pubescence.
Head: Dull orange to light dull orange, vertex and antennal
insertions reddish or darker; front with large, coarse, dense punctures;
clypeus sharply delimited at sides, distinctly broadest at apex;
antennae of female a little over half as long as body, dull orange
throughout to brownish apically.
Pronotum: Dull light orange to dull reddish orange, large punctures
irregularly darker or reddish; punctation dual, smaller punctures
minute, moderate in density, larger punctures large, dense, coarse.
Elytra: Dull hght orange to dull reddish orange with vague indica-
tions of two dark, transverse bands, one behind middle, one before
apex. Each elytron with nine rows of fairly large, close punctures,
sometimes occasional punctures out of alignment or rows slightly
irregular; sixth and seventh rows even throughout to somewhat con-
fused; punctures slightly smaller at apex; inner and outer rows con-
fused at apex and not joining, confused punctures at apex obliterating
intervals.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and appendages dull reddish,
generally with femora, mesosternum, and base of abdomen dull orange.
Anterior margin of prosternum in female somewhat produced ventrally
into a rather broad lobe. Fifth abdominal segment at center with a
broad, deep pit in female. Pygidium dull orange to dull reddish, densely,
coarsely punctate.
Length: 4.6 to 5.1 mm.
Type data. — The above description is from three individuals, all
females. The holotype (USNM type number 69250) was taken at
Mansura, Louisiana, on March 26, 1910, by Cush (sic) and Hood.
One para type was collected at Hockley, Texas, on June 16, 1891, by
F. W. Thurow (in USNM). The final paratype is from Leon County,
Texas and was taken on May 18, 1948, by D. J. Knull (in OSU).
Discussion. — This species is quite similar to ochraceus. In the latter
species, elytral striae six and seven are largely to entirely confused,
and specimens are knoAvn only from Florida. In implacidus, elytral
striae six and seven are even to somewhat confused, and specimens
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTII OF MEXICO 01
are known only from Texas and Louisiana. The specific name refers
to the coarse punctation of the pronotum.
Cryptocephalus incertus Olivier
Figure 70
Cryptocephalus incertus Olivier, 1808, p. 814,
Cryptocephalus lineolatus Haldeman, 1849, p. 249.
Pronotum: Orange to red or very dark reddish and usually with
two oblique basal spots; lateral and apical margins yellowish to light
orange, not sharply delimited. Punctation dual, larger punctures small
to rather large, usually not distinctly impressed.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange, striae and vittae dark orange
to red or dark red. Each elytron with a vague to distinct (usually not
sharply delimited) longitudinal vitta, usually extending from base of
third and fourth intervals (often diagonally joining suture and lateral
margin) sometimes reduced to a vitta at basal half of fourth interval
and apical half of fifth interval or expanded to cloud most of elytron
with reddish. With seven rows of punctures and a series behind
humerus, fifth stria sometimes disconnected before apex; punctures
as large, dense as usual, not to somewhat finer apically; inner and
outer rows of punctures at apex confused and not meeting.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin broadly, somewhat pro-
duced; female with anterior margin not or faintly produced.
Length: 2.7 to 4.0 mm.
Discussion. — Collection notes record specimens from cucumber and
cranberry.
Distribution. — A total of 84 specimens have been examined. One
of these is labeled as from Texas, but this may be in error; the other
specimens are from New Hampsliire, New York, New Jersey, Massa-
chusetts, Alaryland, North CaroUna, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
Cryptocepltalus insertus Haldeman
Figure 74
Cryptocephalus insertus Haldeman, 1849, p. 252.
Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis Casey, 1884, p. 66.
Pronotum: Orange to red or brown and usually with two oblique,
yellowish basal spots, also lateral and apical margins yellowish;
yeUowish markings, when present, not sharply delimited. Punctation
usuaUy dual, smaUer punctures present or absent, larger punctures
minute to small and rather coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yeUow to dull orange, with black to brown markings.
Each elytron with dark markings as follows: from base of second
third, and fourth intervals to apex of second interval, rarely reduced
313-144— 6« y
62 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
or incomplete, often expanded (especially in male) ; usually with three,
sometimes two lateral spots, spaced from humerus to apex of seventh
to fourth vittae, sometimes these enlarged and joining inner, enlarged
vitta (especially in male), rarely complete, rarely reduced to just
small humeral and apical spots. With eight rows of punctures, sixth
row slightly to distinctly confused, seventh row usually moderately
confused; punctures as large and dense as usual to finer than usual,
nearly always very distinctly finer to apex; inner and outer rows of
punctures distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes evenly arcuate, feebly
produced in some males.
Length: 3.8 to 5.8 mm.
Discussion. — I have examined the male type of ellipsoidalis Casey
(type number 49222 in USNM) and confirmed that it is identical to
insertus.
Collection data refer to specimens taken from Desmodium and
''Comptonia asplenifolia," now Comptonia peregrina (L.).
Distribution. — The USNM collection totals 177 individuals from
New Hampshu-e, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Florida, Louisiana, Kansas, South Dakota, and
Colorado.
Cryptocephalus lateritius Newman
Figure 35
Cryptocephalus lateritius Newman, 1841, p. 78.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to orange, punctures red to dark red,
red sometimes coalescing, infrequently leaving but tiny patches of
yellow. Punctation dual, larger punctures large and coarse to very
coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to orange, each elytron with three vague
to quite vague, transverse, undulating red to dark red bands; punc-
tures red, larger and denser than usual, usually forming five discal
rows, more or less regular (often rather confused or double) and two
lateral rows, these rather confused to almost completely confused
throughout; punctures not or somewhat smaller to apex; inner and
outer rows at apex not evident, entirely confused.
Prosternum : Anterior margin in male produced into a rather broad
lobe, anterior margin in female not produced.
Length: 3.7 to 4.5 mm.
Discussion. — There is considerable variation in the tendency of the
elytral punctures to align in rows. At one extreme, the punctures are
almost entu'ely confused and but one or two rows are faintly indicated.
At the other extreme (these specimens are from the northern part of
the range), the scutellar, first five, and last two rows are evident
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 63
though irregular. The pronotal punctures of a single specimen from
Georgia are much denser than usual and show a tendency toward
becoming longitudinally elongate; this is similar to but not nearly as
pronounced as the condition of the sculpture in schreibersii. In the
Georgia specimen, the elytral punctures of the disk tend to form
double rows. This tendency is less pronounced or absent on the other
seven specimens on hand.
Collection data provide the records, skeletonizing leaves of Quercus
virginiana Mill, and Prunus angustifolia Marsh.
Distribution. — The eight specimens in the USNM collection are
from Florida, Georgia, and North CaroUna.
Cryptocephalus leucotnelas leucomelas Suflfrian
Figures 15, 58, 127
Cryptocephalus leucomelas SufiFrian, 1852, p. 36.
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to orange, -with four red to brown or
black, longitudinal, sharply delimited vittae from base to apex, some-
times narrowly meeting at apex or base. Punctation dual, smaller
punctures sometimes sparse, larger punctures small to moderate in
size, sometimes coarse. Profile more declivous than usual.
Elytra : Creamy yellow to orange with red to brown or black markings.
Each elytron with dark markings as follows: a transverse band at
basal third, broadly meeting suture before apex of scutellar stria,
often expanded to humerus and nearly to base; a transverse band just
behind middle from about fifth stria to suture; humeral and sub-
humeral spots (latter may join basal transverse marking); a lateral
spot at about apical thu-d; two apical spots; markings sometimes
reduced or sometimes expanded and forming three nearly or quite
complete transverse bands. Punctures larger, sparser, more distinctly
impressed than usual, finer as usual apically; with eight rows of
punctures, fifth row sometimes confused, sixth row much reduced,
confused, seventh row confused, often reduced ; inner and outer rows
distinct at apex, nearly always clearly meeting, infrequently some-
what confused.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin produced into a ventrally
directed, rather pointed lobe to just somewhat produced; female uith
anterior margin feebly produced to evenly arcuate.
Length: 4.0 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — A single specimen from the Monros collection deter-
mined as C. guatemalensis Jacoby (collected at Presidio, Mexdco) is
very similar to I. leucomelas. It difi'ers in that the punctures on the
yeUowish areas of the elytra are confused and show little or no tendency
to align in rows (those on the transverse dark markings are clearly
64 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90
aligned in rows) ; in I. leucomelas the punctures in the yellowish areas
are clearly aligned in rows continuous mth those on the dark markings.
Wilcox (1954, p. 384) recorded this species from poplar in Ohio.
Collection data record specimens from Helianthus tuberosa L., Azalea
leaf, flowers of Malva sp., "Salix presidio," willow tree, and cotton.
Distribution. — The U.S. National Museum has 161 specimens
from Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and
Utah.
Cryptoceplialus leucomelas trisignatus, new subspecies
Figure 103
Head: Creamy yellow; vertex, antennal insertions, clypeus, and
labrum reddish.
Pronotum: Background color light orange. Dark markings red to
deep red, consisting of four longitudinal, complete, subparallel stripes,
rather sharply delimited and distinctly separated; median two nearly
straight sided, each just wider than median light stripe they enclose;
lateral two stripes distinctly wider than inner two, widest near middle.
Elytra: Background color light orange. Dark markings and punc-
tures red to deep red, each elytron with markings as follows : behind
base with a slightly diagonal band, extending from suture laterally to
extreme side, this usually continuous, sometimes disconnected near
humerus; with two spots at apex, one centered before apex of third
stria, other centered before apex of seventh stria; usually also with a
more or less distinct, small spot at apex of first stria.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and legs nearly uniformly reddish.
With yellow as follows: on prosternum, on front coxae, on meso-
sternum and mesepimeron, on basal median portion of first abdominal
segment, and sometimes at sides of abdominal segments. Fifth ab-
dominal segment of female with a large, oval, deep depression at
center.
Length: 4.5 to 4.7 mm.
Type data. — All three specimens are females from Minnesota. The
holotype bears the data Red Falls, Minnesota, Stoner, July 31-1911";
it is USNM type number 69242. One paratype was taken at Hanley
Falls, Minnesota, by Stoner on August 1, 1911, the other at Olmstead
County, Minnesota, on "6.97" by C. N. Ainslie and is from the col-
lection of F. Knab. All type specimens are in the U.S. National
Museum.
Discussion. — This subspecies differs from I. leucomelas in that the
elytra bear no submedian band and no lateral spots; these are present
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 65
in /. leucomelas. The siibspecific iiajiie refers to the three distinct
markings of each elytron.
Cryptocephalus leucomelas vitticollis Leconte
Figure 59
Cryptocephalus leucomelas vilticollis Leconte, ISSO, p. 200.
Pronotiim: Creamy yellow to light orange with four orange to red,
longitudinal, usually sharply delimited vittae from base to apex,
lateral two on each side often narrowly to broadly joined ai)ically.
Surface with dual punctation, small punctures sparse, larger punctures
small to moderate; surface sometimes scabrous and with larger
punctures obscured and small ones absent. Profile more declivous
than usual.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to light orange, dark markings orange to
red and predominating in extent over yellow or orange. Each elytron
with basic pattern as in I. leucomelas but much expanded, leaving
yellow as follows: in a narrow basal strip, in a transverse median
band (not attaining suture), in a narrow transverse, anteapical spot,
and in an apical spot. Striae and punctures as in /. leucomelas.
Prosteruum: As in I. leucomelas.
Length: 4.2 to 5.0 mm.
Distribution. — Only nine specimens are in the U.S. National
Museum, all from Colorado.
Cryptoceplialus lunatus, new species
Figures 106, 128
General: Body 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surface shiny, with
short, fine, whitish pubescence; most of ventral surface with fine,
fairly dense, whitish pubescence.
Head: Black; front with fairly dense punctures except on vertex,
the latter usually somewhat produced; clypeus finely punctate, not
sharply delimited, broadest apically. Antennae a httle longer than
body in male or about tliree-fourths length of body in female, dark
brown to nearly black.
Pronotum: Black throughout; in lateral view rather gibbous;
punctation dual, smaller punctures minute and moderate in density,
lai-ger punctures moderate in size, rather coarse.
Elytra: Black, at base narrowly reddish-orange; light markhig of
each elytron hi lateral view nearly crescent-shaped, extending from
suture (or near suture) to side of elytron and posteriorly at side to
middle of elytron; sometimes (two of fom- specimens) apex of each
elytron with small reddish-orange spot. Each elytron with nine rows
of fine punctures, striae not or very feebly impressed; all rows fairly
66 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
even or with rows six or seven somewhat irregular; rows of punctures
very feeble to nearly disappearing at apex ; punctures small and sparse ;
inner and outer rows of punctures at apex not clearly meeting.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and legs black, tarsi dark brown.
Prosternum in male with anterior margin produced backward into a
distinct, pointed process, or prosternum in female with median area
between coxae somewhat produced into a longitudinal carina. Fifth
abdominal segment of female with a deep, oval depression at center,
or in male somewhat depressed.
Length: 4.7 to 5.4 mm.
Type data. — This description is from four individuals, all taken at
Chisos Mountains, Texas, by D. J. and J. N. KnuU. The holotype, a
male taken on June 26, 1961, the allotype, taken on July 8, 1955, and
one male paratype, same data as allotype, are in the OSU collection.
One male paratype, taken June 26, 1961, is in the USNM collection.
Discussion. — This species is most similar to mucoreus L. The two can
best be distinguished by the extent of the basal reddish spot of the
elytra. In mucoreus, the spot broadly attains the suture at the center
and at the side extends past the middle of the elytra; in lunatus, this
spot does not or just feebly attains the suture and at the side extends to
but not past the middle of the elytra. The specific name lunatus refers
to the crescent-like red elytral spot.
Cryptocephalus luteoliis Newman
Figure 66
Cryptocephalus luteolus Newman, 1840, p. 250.
Cnjptocephalus sanfordi Blatchley, 1913, p. 23.
Cryptocephalus sanfordensis Blatchley, Clavareau, 1913, p. 182 [emendation].
Pronotum: Light red, with vague indication of lighter, paired,
oblique, basal spots; surface sculpture dual, larger punctures minute.
Elytra : Creamy yellow with punctures and three incomplete vittae
dark brown. Each elytron with dark markings as follows: at basal
half and apical tip of second interval, at basal two-thirds and apical
tip of fourth interval, from humerus to before middle of sixth interval,
on sixth interval behind middle laterally to seventh stria, and at apex
of sixth interval; dark markings on intervals sharply delimited by
striae. With seven rows of punctures and a short series behind hum-
erus, no striae confused, fifth stria sinuate; punctures a little larger
than usual and as dense, finer apically as usual; inner and outer rows
distinct and clearly meeting at apex.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin produced ventrally into a
fairly distinct lobe; female not seen.
Length: 2.8 mm.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 67
Discussion.— Blatchley (1913, p. 23) recorded this species from
willow.
Distribution.— The two specimens I have examined are from
Florida and Texas.
Cryptocepluilus maccus, new species
Figures 5, 105, 129
General: Body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
distinctly shining and lacking pubescence; most of ventral surface
with short, sparse pubescence.
Head: Dull creamy yellow to light orange; vortex, antennal inser-
tions, clypeus, and labrum plus adjacent areas reddish or dark orange,
vertex grooved or depressed; front with rather large to small, irregu-
larly spaced punctures; clypeus sharply deUmited, distinctly broadest
apically. Antennae of male nearly as long as body, dull orange
throughout.
Pronotum: Background color light orange to orange. Dark mark-
ings deep reddish to nearly black, more or less sharply delimited,
borders often nari-owly clouded with reddish; markings consisting of
four longitudinal, rather broad stripes, plus a moderate-sized oval
spot on each side, usually narrowly joined to adjacent stripe; inner
two stripes broadest just beyond middle, not touching, leaving narrow,
median light stripe; outer two stripes broadest at or near base, some-
what irregular in form, each usually joining lateral spot at about its
middle. Punctation dual, smaller punctures minute and sparse, larger
punctures rather small to moderate, generally ii-regular in size, rather
coarse.
Elytra: Background color light orange to orange. Dark markings
and punctures deep red to nearly black, markings more or less sharply
delimited, usually narrowly clouded with reddish. Dark markings of
each elytron as follows: a moderate-sized, rather irregular spot on
humerus, nearly attaining both base and lateral margin; a rather
small to moderate-sized spot at base of second and third intervals
not attaining basal margin; a small spot at apex of sutural stria; a
continuous, transverse, more or less undulate band just behind
middle attaining lateral margin; two moderate-sized spots at apex,
one centered before apex of third stria, other before apex of sixth
stria, both irregular in shape and development, sometimes confluent.
Each elytron with eight rows of punctures or row six much reduced
and confused, then apparently with seven rows; punctures larger,
sparser, more irregular than usual, finer apically; punctures tending
to be denser and more distinctly arranged in rows in darkly pig-
mented areas; row six confused, reduced, row seven more or less
68 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
confused, rather reduced; inner and outer rows at apex distinct,
usually uniting clearly, sometimes with a few confused punctures in
this region.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and legs nearly uniformly reddish.
With yellow as follows: on prosternum, mesosternum, mesepimeron,
front coxae, at side of each abdominal segment, and a ventral spot
before apex of each femur. Prosternum of male with anterior margin
produced into a broad, arcuate lobe, posterior margin behind each
coxa produced into a sharp, posteriorly directed spine. Pygidium
light orange with median stripe and sides reddish; coarsely punctate
with a more or less distinct, median, raised carina. Fifth abdominal
segment of male feebly depressed.
Length: 4.0 to 4.4 mm.
Type data. — This species is described from four males, all taken
in Arizona. The data are as follows (all types in USNM) : holotype
(type number 69241), "5 mi. s. Rock Springs, Arizona, VI-24-57
R. S. Beal"; paratypes, "Hot Springs, Arizona, 26.6 Barber and
Schwarz"; "Sabino Canyon, Arizona, June 19, 1918, 9:30 P.M.,
F. C. Craighead, Prosopis juliflora flowers"; and "Sabino Canyon,
Arizona, August 6, 1959, K. V. Krombein."
Discussion. — C. maccus is closely related to bivius and is easily
distinguished from it. In bivius, the large transverse common dark
marking of the elytra is before the middle; in maccus, it is behind the
middle. Also, the lateral spot on each side of the pronotum of bivius
is small and does not join the adjacent stripe; in maccus, the lateral
spot is moderate in size and usually joins the adjacent stripe. The
closest relative of maccus is pseudomaccus, new species ; for the difi"er-
ences see under the latter species.
The name maccus is Latin for buffoon, and it was selected because
of the resemblance of the color pattern of the dorsal surface to the
face of a clown.
I have seen an additional six members of this species from the
Burdette White collection. Three were taken at Toltec, Arizona, one
at Globe, Arizona, one at San Carlos, Arizona, and the last at Van
Horn, Texas. These are not paratypes.
Cryptocephalus nteriis Fall
Figures 9, 81
Cryptocephalus merus Fall, 1932, p. 23.
Pronotum: Dull creamy yellow to orange with dark markings and
large punctures reddish to brown; dark markings tending to form
four longitudinal vittae, these indistinct and poorly differentiated or
indicated only at base; usually with a small, pigmented, coarsely
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 69
punctate spot at each side. Punctation dual, smaller punctures often
sparse, larger punctures varying widely in size, from minute to large
and coarse, usually densest and coarsest anteriorly and at sides, most
dense at lateral spot.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to orange, striae and dark markings
reddish to dark brown and distinct to (usually) vague, dark markings
consisting of round to elongate spots. Markings of each elytron as
follows: one near apex of first interval (vague to absent) ; one at basal
fourth of third interval (distinct to vague) ; one at a]icx of fifth interval
(distinct to vague) ; one at apex of seventh interval (distinct and ex-
panded to vague, reduced) ; one on humerus (nearly always distinct) ;
one at middle of eighth interval (distinct to very feebly indicated).
With eight rows of punctures and a series behind humerus, fifth row
usually confused, sixth row always confused, sometimes joining fifth
row; punctures a little larger, denser thaii usual, not or slightl}'- finer
apicaily ; inner and outer rows distinct apically, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced ventrally into a
distinct, broad lobe, middle of prosternum with a stout, sharp,
ventrally dhected spine, anterior margin in female as that in male,
but middle of prosternum lacldng a spine.
Length: 3.8 to 4.3 mm.
Discussion. — A single specimen from Chihuahua, Mexico, deter-
mined by Monros as. C. taeniata Suffrian is very similar to merus and
raises the possibility that the two may be synonymous.
Distribution.— Nine specimens have been examined from Texas
and Arizona.
Cryptocephalus mucoreus Leconte
Figures 20, 131
Cryptocephalus mucoreus Leconte, 1859a, p. 23.
Pronotum: With fine, silvery pubescence; black throughout; punc-
tation dual, larger punctures moderate, dense.
Elytra: With fine, silvery pubescence. Each elytron black, following
parts orange to red; basal fourth and side to or (infrequently) past
middle; apex; basal marking, rarely almost attaining apical spot;
posterior margin of basal marking concave. With nine rows of punc-
tures, sixth and seventh rows sometimes confused, punctures rather
small and indistinct, obscured by roughened surface; inner and outer
rows generally distinct at apex and usually meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male with a large, sharp, downward
and posteriorly directed spine; anterior margin in female simple or
with a feeble, longitudinal, median carina.
Length: 4.2 to 5.5 mm.
70 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Discussion. — Numerous authors have presented this species as a
synonym of basalis. Wilcox (January 1953, p. 51) cited it as a valid
species distinct from basalis and presented the characters which serve
to distinguish the two. This action, I believe, was correct; however,
Pallister (May, 1953, p. 28) resynonymized mucoreus with basalis,
but Wilcox's treatment of 1954 (p. 382) amounted to a revalidation
of mucoreus.
Distribution. — The 52 specimens on hand are from Texas, Kansas,
Missouri, and Kentucky.
Cryptocephalus multisignatus Schaeffer
Figure 28
Cryptocephalus multisignatus SchaefiFer, 1933. p, 323.
Pronotum: Dark brown nearly throughout, lateral and apical mar-
gins lighter; punctation dual, larger punctures small.
Elytra: Dark brown with vaguely to sharply delimited light orange
markings on each elytron as follows: a small spot at scutellum; a
spot at lateral basal haK, with inner posterior margin extending to
but not attaining scutellum; a transverse, anteapical band, not attain-
ing side or sutm-e; an apical spot. With eight rows of punctiu*es, sixth
and seventh rows confused; punctures becoming finer apically as usual,
elsewhere as large and dense as usual; inner and outer rows at apex
distinct, not quite meeting.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin produced ventrally into a
stout, blunt spine; female not examined.
Length: 3.9 mm.
Discussion. — The male holotype (the only type specimen) is in
the U.S. National Museum and has been assigned type number 69093;
it was taken in Arizona. It is the only example of this species that has
been seen, so the extent of variation of the characters referred to in
the description and key is not known. Schaeffer (1933, p. 323) erred
in giving the length of his type as 3.5 mm.
Cryptocephalus mutabilis Melsheimer
Figures 76, 77
Cryptocephalus mutabilis Melsheimer, 1848, p. 172.
Cryptocephalus dispersus Haldeman, 1849, p. 248.
Cryptocephalus discoideus Suflfrian, 1852b, p. 49.
Pronotum: Orange to red or black and usually with two elongate,
yellowish, oblique basal spots; basal margin more or less, lateral mar-
gin broadly, and apical margin rather narrowly creamy yellow to light
orange; lighter markings sometimes expanded and predominating;
light basal markings often reduced to absent, side and apical markings
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 71
always present; sometimes discal dark area red with margins blackish.
Punctation dual, larger punctuxes mmute to small.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to very light orange and with orange
to red or black markings. Each elytron with small oval spots as
follows: at base of second interval, at base of fourth interval, on
humerus, before base of eighth stria (sometimes absent), before base
of sixth stria, and at apex of third and seventh intervals (latter two
often expanded). Elytron with a large spot from suture behind
scutellum diagonally to fourth stria to past its middle, then diag-
onally to or nearly to elytral apex; an elongate spot at side behind
middle; smaller spots of above pattern (except humeral) often re-
duced or expanded, large discal spot often expanded and joining other
markings. With eight rows of punctures, fifth sometimes, sixth always,
and seventh sometimes confused; punctiu-es as dense but smaller than
usual, finer apically, often nearly disappearing; inner and outer rows
distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male somewhat produced ventrally
into a broad lobe; anterior margin in female somewhat to feebly
produced into a lobe.
Length: 4.3 to 6.5 mm.
Discussion. — In a few specimens (mostly males), the two small
spots at the base of intervals two and four are confluent and join the
broad discal spot. This produces a color pattern very similar to that of
insertus, but in mutabilis there is a small spot on the eiglith stria just
below and behind the humeral spot. In insertus, the eighth stria lacks
such a spot or is covered by an adjacent, expanded spot.
Sexual dimorphism is rather marked in the species. The males range
in length from 4.3 to 5.3 mm., and the dark markings are usually
black. The females range from 5.3 to 6.5 mm. in length, and the dark
markings are usually reddish.
Douglass (1929, p. 9) recorded this species on peanuts. Label data
cite beating oak, cheriy foliage, and on Kalmia.
Distribution. — The 268 specimens in the USNM collection are
from Quebec, Ontario, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Mary-
land, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Vir-
ginia, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Louisiana, Missouri,
Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas.
Cryptocephalus nanus Fab..
Figure 44
Cryptocephalus nanus Fab., 1801, p. 56.
Pronotum: Light orange to orange or light reddish, sometimes with
two vague, lighter, basal, oblique spots. Punctation much reduced ,
72 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90
smaller punctures very sparse to absent, larger punctures minute,
sparse.
Elytra: Dark reddish to black, lateral margin below and behind
humerus and epipleuron vaguely reddish to yellowish. With seven
rows of regular punctures and a short series behind humerus; punctures
as large, dense as usual, finer apically; inner and outer rows distinct at
apex, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin of both sexes produced downward
into a short, rather broad lobe.
Length: 2.8 to 3.5 mm.
Distribution. — The 12 specimens examined are from Florida,
Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, and Mississippi.
Cryptocephalus notatus notatus Fab.
Figure 29
Cryptocephalus notatus Fab. 1787, p. 83.
Pronotum: Dark brown to (usually) black, nearly always with a
bluish tint; punctation dual, larger punctures minute to (infrequently)
moderate in size and rather coarse.
Elytra: Dark brown to (usually) black, each elytron with light orange
markings as follows: a large spot at side from base of fourth stria,
arching to about middle of elytron at lateral margin (humerus usually
dark); a large apical spot; basal spot never attaining scutellum or
apical spot. With eight and sometimes nine rows of punctures, fifth
row sometimes, sixth nearly always confused, sometimes double,
seventh row sometimes confused; punctures fine and dense as usual,
finer apically; inner and outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly
meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male with a distinct, sharp, ven-
trally directed spine; anterior margin in female with a more or less
distinct, sometimes pointed lobe.
Length: 3.3 to 4.8 mm.
Discussion. — Usually there are eight rows of punctures on each
elytron, and the sixth row is distinctly confused. In some, the punc-
tures of the sixth row tend to form a nearly double row, and, at the
extreme, they form two distinct, close rows; in such individuals, there
are nine rather than eight rows of punctures.
The male genitalia of n. notatus, n. fulvipennis, n. quadrimaculatus,
and n. sellatiis have been cleared, compared, and found essentially
identical.
Distribution. — -The 141 specimens in the USNM collection are
from Ontario, Quebec, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshhe, Connecticut,
Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 73
Vii-ginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, and Iowa. A series of si)eci-
mens bear the label "Canon City, Colorado"; this may be in error.
Cryptocephalus notatus fulvipennis Haldeman
Figures 33, 133
Cryptocephalus fulvipennis Haldeman, 1849, p. 255.
Pronotum: As in n. notatus.
Elytra: Dull light orange to red throughout; punctation similar
to n. notatus but more frequently with nine rows of punctures.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male rather distinctly produced
into a more or less pointed lobe; anterior margin in female produced
into a rather short, broad lobe.
Length: 4.1 to 4.8 mm.
Distribution. — All five specimens on hand are from Florida.
Cryptocephalus notatus quadrimaculatus Say
Figure 30
Cryptocephalus quadrimaculatus Say, 1824, p. 441.
Pronotum: Color and sculpture as in n. notatus.
Elytra: Color very similar to that of n. notatus except basal spot
easily attains scutellum; punctation as that of n. iiotatus.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margm produced into a distinct,
stout, ventrally du^ected spine; female with anterior margin produced
into a short, broadly rounded to somewhat pointed lobe.
Length: 3.6 to 5.5 mm.
Discussion. — Label data provide the following records: straw-
berry, collected on blackberry, feeding on dewberry, Bhus, black-
berry feeding and mating, Prunus angustifolia, bud of apple, straw-
berry vines, on Ribes sativum Syme ("Ribes vulgare"), on Betulia
populifolia Marsh., pear, on peach, on grape.
Distribution. — The USNM collection contains 272 specimens of
the subspecies from Canada, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, J^faryland,
Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsm, South
Dakota, Iowa, Arkansas, Kansas, Montana, Minnesota, Colorado,
Idaho, and Utah. Blatchley (1924, p. 53) recorded this subspecies
from Florida.
Cryptoceplialus notatus sellatus Schaeffer
Figure 31
Cryptocephalus notatus sellatus Schaeffer, 1933, p. 322.
Pronotum: Color and sculpture as n. notatus.
74 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Elytra: Color and basic pattern similar to n. notatus, but basal spot
always attaining scutelhim and apical spot joining latter at about
sixth to eighth intervals ; punctation similar to that of n. notatus.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin produced downward into
a sharp, distinct spine; female with anterior margin produced down-
ward into a pointed lobe.
Length: 3.6 to 5.1 mm.
Discussion. — Three female cotypes are in the U.S. National Mu-
seum. The specimen bearing Schaeffer's determination label has the
data "Tex." and is hereby designated lectotype; it is assigned USNM
type number 69094. The pins of each of the two cotypes have a black
strip of paper but no collection data. In the original description, the
collection data are given as "New Braunfels, Texas, (O. Dietz)."
Collection information includes mating and feeding on willow,
damaging strawberries, on blooming live oaks, and on Quercus sp.
Distribution. — The 81 individuals in the USNM collection are
from Pennsylvania, Indiana, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota,
Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, Minnesota, Quebec, and Manitoba.
Cryptocephalns obsoletus obsoletiis Germar
Figures 78, 134
Crypfocephalus obsoletus Germar, 1S24, p. 559.
Cryplocephalus ornatus Suffrian [not Fabricius], 1852, p. 229.
Pronotum: DuU light orange to red, usually bearing indistinct
hght markings in two oblique basal spots, and with lateral and
apical margins light orange to yellowish; pronotum sometimes uni-
colorous or with light markings somewhat expanded. Punctation dual
or surface finely alutaceous and smaller punctures completely ob-
scured, larger punctures moderate to large, rather coarse, often rather
elongate.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to dull orange (punctures often dark)
usually with two longitudinal vittae, orange to dark reddish, some-
times black in part, vague to rather distinct but not sharply delim-
ited. Vittae of each elytron from bases of second, third, and fourth
interval to apex of second interval and from humenis to apex of fourth
to eighth intervals; inner vitta rarely black at base, outer vitta some-
times black at base and apex to nearly black throughout; rarely with
no trace of vittae. With nine rows of punctures, fifth to eighth rows
crowded, sixth and seventh usually somewhat confused; punctures
often larger, nearly always more distinctly impressed than usual,
finer apically; intervals, especially at sides, distinctly convex; inner
and outer rows quite distinct at apex, always clearly uniting.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 75
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced downward into a
strong, stout, blunt spine; anterior margin in female produced down-
ward into a rather short, pointed lobe.
Length: 4.3 to 6.0 nmi.
Discussion. — Collection data record specimens from Ascyrum stans
Michx. leaf, on cucumber, on tomato leaves, on lima bean foliage, on
oki-a foliage, and on Hypericam fasciculatum Lam. blossoms.
Distribution. — The 114 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
collection are from Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Vh'ginia, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
Cryptocephalus obsoletus indistinctus, new subspecies
Figure 107
General: Body stout, 1.6 times longer than wide; dorsal surface
rather shining, lacking pubescence; ventral sm"face with very short
and sparse, yellowish pubescence.
Head: Dull orange with yellowish near eyes and on clypeus to dull
orange throughout; front with moderate-sized punctures; clypeus
rather sharply delimited, more or less concave, distinctly broadest
apicaUy. Antennae over two-thirds length of body in male, or over
half length of body in female; usually with basal five segments dull
orange, apical segments brown to dark brown.
Pronotum: Dull orange throughout, sometimes lighter or yellowish
as follows: at base in two vague oblique spots, narrowly at side,
narrowly at apex. Punctation dual, smaller punctm-es minute, moder-
ate in density, indistinct, larger punctures moderate in size and
density, rather coarse, longitudinally elongate.
Elytra: Dull orange throughout, two intervals at side of each elytron
more or less yellowish; humerus usually dark reddish; punctures a
little darker than remanider; with indistinct to obsolete indications of
darker longitudinal stripes on intervals two, three, six, seven, and
eight. Each elytron with nine rows of moderate-sized, rather close
punctures; rows six and seven rather to distinctly confused; punctures
smaller toward apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex and nearly
or quite meeting.
Ventral surf ace : Ventral surface and legs predominantly dull orange,
lighter than remainder at center of prosternum, on mesosternum, and
on first abdominal segment at center; metasternum mostly or partly
blackish. Both sexes with anterior margin of prosternum produced
ventraUy into a distinct, pointed spine. Fifth abdommal segment at
center with a deep, oval pit in female, or normal to faintly depressed
in male. Pygidium dull orange, coarsely, densely punctate.
Length: 3.9 to 4.3 mm.
76 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETEST 290
Type data. — All four specimens were taken at Wrentham, Massa-
chusetts, on July 9, 1947, by B. E. White. The male holotype, the
allotype, and a male paratype are in the CAS collection. A single male
paratype is in the U.S. National Museum.
Discussion. — This subspecies is distinguishable from o. obsoletus
by the development of the prosternal spine and on the basis of color.
In 0. obsoletus, the female bears a short, broad spine; the male has a
broad, pointed spine. In o. indistinctus, both sexes bear an elongate,
pointed spine distinctly longer than in either sex of o. obsoletus. Also,
0. obsoletus bears two vague to distinct, longitudinal dark stripes; in o.
indistinctus, these are vague to obsolete. In addition, o. obsoletus is
known only from Vu'ginia to Florida and Louisiana, and o. indistinctus
is known only from Massachusetts; finally, o. obsoletus ranges in length
from 4.3 to 6.0 mm. and o. indistinctus is 3.9 to 4.3 mm. long. The male
genitalia of o. indistinctus are essentially the same as the illustrations
for those of o. obsoletus.
Cryptocephalus ochraceus Fall
FiGURK 36
Cryptocephalus ochraceus Fall, 1932, p. 25.
Pronotum: Dull creamy yellow with large punctures red, disk ii'-
regularly clouded with red; punctation dual, larger punctures large,
coarse.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow but with striae, humerus, and irregular
lateral spots reddish. With nine more or less regular rows of punctures,
these of ten with a puncture or two misplaced, often confused apically,
rows six, seven, and eight confused; punctures as large and dense but
more distinctly impressed than usual, only slightly finer apically;
inner and outer rows at apex obscured by confused punctures, not
meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female evenly arcuate; male not
examined.
Length: 5.1 mm.
Discussion. — The above description is from a single female taken
at Capron, Florida.
Cryptocephalus pallidicinctus Fall
Cryptocephalus pallidicinctus Fall, 1932, p. 21.
This is the only described North American species I have not seen
during this work. FoUowmg is Fall's original description:
Moderately robust. Head black, a quadrate post-clypeal area, a small spot
posteriorly adjacent thereto, and the entire inner border of the eyes narrowly
whitish yellow. Antennae black.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 77
Prothorax orange red, the extreme apical edge pale yellow, the Ijasal edge
very narrowly blackish; surface sparsely feebly and very finely punctate.
Elytra black, with narrow wliitish yellow basal and lateral margin which at
apex does not quite reach the sutural angle; striae moderately impressed, nearly
as in sanguinicollis, the sutural not reaching the middle of the elytra, 6th very
widely interrupted medially, 7th dislocated at basal third.
Entire upper surface polished and strongly sliiiiing. Pygidium coarsely
punctate, obtusely carinate at middle in basal third. Body beneath black;
prosternum whitish yellow, with moderate cuspiform lobe in front, the hind
angles with erect spiniform processes tipped with black.
Length: 4 mm.; width: 2.3 mm.
Discussion. — The single male specimen from whioli Fall described
the species was taken at Palm Springs, California.
Cryptocephalus pinicola Schaeffer
Figure 25
Cryptocephalus pinicola Schaefier, 1920, p. 326.
Pronotum: Black throughout, nearly always with a bluish tmt;
punctation dual, larger punctures minute to moderate in size and
coarse.
Elytra: Dark brown to (usually) black, usually with a bluish tint.
With light orange to orange or light reddish markings on each elytron
as follows: from fourth or fifth stria to side and posteriorly not quite
to middle, marking usually nearly square, sometimes reduced and
with humerus black, sometimes a little expanded and attaining middle
of elytron; a large apical spot sometimes present, usually reduced to
completely absent. With nine rows of punctures, or with row six or
seven much reduced, then evidently with eight rows; fifth sometimes,
sixth and seventh always confused, one of latter two may be reduced ;
punctui'es as large, dense as usual, distinctly finer at apex; imier
and outer rows at apex distinct, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Male with anterior margin produced downward into
a distinct, sharply pointed spine; female with anterior margin pro-
duced downward into a rather short, pointed lobe.
Length: 3.3 to 5.1 mm.
Discussion. — A collection note refers to a specimen taken on
flowers of Ceanothus fendleri Gray ("Caenothus fendleri").
Five cotypes are in the U.S. National Museum and bear type num-
ber 42410. The specimen with Schaefier's determination label, a male,
is hereby designated lectotype. It bears the label information "Carr's
Peak, Huach Mts., VII, Ariz., on pine 9000 ft." Two cotypes, one
female and one male, bear the same data except that the label of the
latter does not include the last Hue. Another female cotype is from
the above locahty but was taken on "VII. 10." The final specimen
bearing a museum cotype label, a male, bears collection data not
313-144—68 6
78 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
given in the original description. The information is "Palmerlee
Cochise Co. VI Ariz." Schaeffer's statement that two of the specimens
bear the data "beaten from pine" is in error.
Distribution. — The USNM collection has 81 specimens from
Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado.
Cryptocephalus pseudomaccus, new species
Figures 108, 132
General: Body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
shining, without pubescence, most of ventral surface with short and
sparse, whitish pubescence.
Head : Creamy yellow, vertex, clypeus, labrum, and antennal inser-
tions reddish (in one specimen entire head more or less reddish) ; front
with moderate-sized punctures; clypeus rather sharply delimited at
base and sides, distinctly broadest apically, rather concave. Antennae
about three-fourths length of body in male or over half as long as
body in female; reddish, basal segments more or less orange.
Pronotum: Background color creamy yellow to light orange; wdth
four broad, dark reddish, sharply delimited, longitudinal vittae, also,
a rather small, dark reddish, isolated spot present on each side; vittae
extending from base to apex, inner margins of two median vittae
nearly parallel, other margins outwardly arcuate. Punctation dual,
smaller jjunctures minute, not dense, larger punctures small to moder-
ate in size and a little coarse.
Elytra: Background color creamy yellow to light orange, punctures
and markings dark reddish. Dark markings on each elytron as follows:
a moderate-sized spot on humerus, a smaU spot below and a Uttle
beliind humerus; a small spot behind humerus (much reduced in
allotype and paratype) ; a small spot behind the preceding; a small
spot near base of third interval (much reduced in paratype, absent in
allotype), a moderate-sized to small spot at suture before middle;
behind middle a large, wide, transverse band, this attaining fifth row
of punctures, lateral to this a moderate-sized spot attaining margin;
at apex two moderate-sized spots, outer smaller. Each elytron with
first five rows of punctures fairly even and distinct, rows at side
(except last) reduced and confused, seven or eight rows may be
counted; punctures moderate in size, not close, smaller to apex as
usual; inner and outer rows distinct and usually clearly meeting
at apex.
Ventral surface: Most of ventral surface and legs orange or red.
Following parts yellowish to orange: prosternum at center, anterior
coxae, mesosternvim and side pieces, first abdominal segment at center,
each segment at side, sometimes also fifth abdominal segment at center.
Anterior margin of prosternum normal to feebly produced into an
arcuate lobe in male or not produced in female. Fifth abdominal seg-
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 79
merit at center with a deep, oval pit in female or fiftli segment feebly
depressed at center in male. Pygidium longitudinally carinate at cen-
ter, red to orange at base and on carina, with yellowish spots on each
side near apex.
Length: 4.0 to 4.2 mm.
Type data.— This description is from three individuals taken at
Globe, Arizona, by Parker. The holotype (male, in CaUfornia Academy
of Sciences) was taken on April 16, 1934 on Acacia greggii, the allotype
(also in California Academy of Sciences) bears the follo\\ing data
"July V-11-1934"; a male paratype was taken on April 16, 1934 on
Acacia greggii and is in the USNM collection.
Discussion. — The species is quite similar to maccus and can be
distinguished in the basis of the submedian elytral spot. In maccus,
this spot is undulate and attains the lateral margin; in pseudomaccus,
it is not undulate and does not attain the lateral margin.
Cryptocephtilus pubicollis Linell
Figure 24
Cryptocephalus pubicollis Linell, 1897, p. 480.
Pronotum: With silvery pubescence; black throughout; punctation
dual, larger punctures moderate in size, dense, and distinctly impressed.
Elytra: Dark brown to black, each elytron with orange to reddish
humeral marking extending from base of second stria diagonally to
past middle at side. With nine rows of punctures, rows six and seven
nearly always confused or one or the other much reduced; punctures
as large, dense as usual, much finer at elytral apex; inner and outer
rows of punctures more or less distinct at apex, usually not clearly
meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male with a large sharp spine
directed diagonally backward; anterior margin in female produced
into a broad, sometimes pointed lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — All three members of the type series (two females,
one male) are in the U.S. National Museum and bear type number
1308 (not 1307 as cited in the original description); these specimens
were taken in Arizona by Morrison. The single male I hereby designate
as the lectotype and have so labeled it.
Distribution. — All 14 specimens examined are from Arizona.
Cryptocepltalus pubiventris Scliacffer
Figure 32
Cryptocephalus pubiventris Schaeffer, 1920, p. 326.
Pronotum: Nearly uniformly dark brown to black; punctation dual,
larger punctures small to moderate and rather coarse.
80 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Elytra: Dark brown to black; each elytron usually with orange to
red markings as follows: a basal spot attaining suture and usually
attaining middle of elytron at side, an apical spot, a basal spot often
attaining apical spot at side of elytron, light markings infrequently
expanded and leaving only anteapical dark spot, or even with elytron
entirely light. With nine (sometimes evidently eight) rows of punc-
tures, rows five to eight crowded and sometimes confused, rows six
and seven usually confused, one or the other often much reduced;
punctures as large, dense as usual, finer at elytra! apex; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly uniting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male strongly produced into a
pointed lobe; anterior margin in female produced into a broad, i)ointed
lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 6.3 mm.
Discussion. — The two cotypes are in the U.S. National Museum;
both bear the data "Huach Mts. VII.29 Ariz." and bear the type
number 42411. One is a male, the other a female; I hereby designate
the male as lectotype.
In a single specimen, the light elytral markings are expanded,
leaving only a spot of black; in another individual, the elytra are
entirely light. These individuals may be deserving of subspecific
rank, but the small series on hand (10 individuals) does not provide a
reliable indication of the variation in this species.
A series of specimens in the U.S. National Museum from Mexico
and Honduras determined as C. militaris Suffrian is very similar to
pubiventris. They differ in that the dorsal surface (except the orange
markings) is usually distinctly bluish or greenish, the orange markings
at the apex of the elytra are often reduced or absent, and the basal
orange spot never attains the apical spot when the latter is present.
A single specimen from Mexico determined as C. smithi Jacoby is
quite similar to pubiventris except that the basal spot does not quite
attain the suture.
Distribution. — The ten specimens I have examined are all from
Arizona.
Cryptocephalus pumilus Ilaldeiuan
Figure 69
Cryptocephalus pumilus Haldeman, 1849, p. 249.
Cryptocephalus pseudolus Suffrian, 1858, p. 373.
Pronotum: Dull yellowish to (usually) dull orange, disk usually
more or less clouded with light to dark brown; punctation dual, larger
punctures moderate to rather large in size, often coarse.
Elytra: Dull yellowish to (usually) dull orange, humerus more or
less dark, often Avith vague to distinct brown markings at middle of
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN A^IERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 81
base and at middle before apex, basal spot sometimes extending to
middle of elytron on second and fourth intervals. With seven rows of
punctures and a short series behind humerus, sixth row sometimes
slightly confused, punctures a little smaller, finer than usual, distinctly
finer to apex; inner and outer rows usually distinct at apex, often
clearly meeting, punctures sometimes obsolete at apex.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes evenly arcuate.
Length: 2.0 to 2.7 mm.
Discussion. — All five specimens from Virginia (apparently the
northernmost part of the range) bear rather distinct dark markings.
Specimens from other parts of the range (including Florida) rarely
have markings that are as distinct.
The concavity of the fifth abdominal sternite of the female is less
developed in this species than is usually the case.
Distribution. — The USNM collection of the species totals 52
individuals from Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Louisiana, and
Virginia.
Cryptocephalus quadruplex Newman
Figures 22, 23
Cryptocephalus quadruplex Newman, 1841, p. 78.
Cryptocephalus quadriguUulus Suffrian, 1852b, p. 65. [New synonymy.]
Pronotum: Dark brown, to (usually) black; infrequently with a
faintly bluish luster; punctation dual, larger punctures minute to
small, sometimes coarse.
Elytra: Dark brown to black, each elytron with light orange to
orange markings as follows: at base from third stria to side and pos-
teriorly to middle of elytron, often nearly square, this sometimes
reduced and with humerus dark, sometimes with inner posterior angle
produced toward (but not attaining) suture; with a moderate-sized
spot at apex. With eight or nine rows of punctures, fifth sometimes,
sixth and seventh usually confused (one of latter two often much
reduced, thus leaving eight rows) ; punctures rather larger, sparser than
usual, much finer to apex; inner and outer rows usually distinct at
apex, often clearly meeting, punctures at apex sometimes obsolete.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male with a distinct, usually sharp,
ventrally directed spine; anterior margin in female evenly arcuate to
somewhat produced into a broad, sometimes pointed lobe.
Length: 2.9 to 4.0 mm.
Discussion.— C. quadriguttulus until now has been ranked as a
subspecies of quadruplex, and the two subspecies have been separated
on the basis of the relative size of the basal spot of the elytra. Leconte
(1880, p. 200) described the basal spot of quadruplex as small, re-
duced, and a little wider behind; that of quadriguttulus was described
82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
as much larger and reaching the middle of the sides of the elytra.
Schaeffer (MS. key) described the humeral spot in quadrujplex as
small and scarcely wider apically and in that of quadriguttulus as
larger and obliquely widening toward the apex. In the USNM collec-
tion, there are over 400 specimens previously determined as qiiadru-
plex or quadriguttulus. These series show considerable variation in
the development of the basal elytral spot. Within the eastern and
middle parts of the range of the specimens, I find continuous inter-
mediates between individuals representing the extremes in develop-
ment of the basal spot. I have synonymized quadriguttulus because
these color differences are not consistent and intermediate forms are
numerous. At one extreme of development, the spot is within the basal
one-third of the elytra, and its inner margin borders the fifth interval.
At the other extreme, the spot is within the basal half of the elytra,
its inner margin is diagonal at its base, joins the fourth stria, and
apically attains the middle of the second interval. Most of the in-
dividuals with the basal spot reduced are from the New England
States (New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island) but some extend
to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. None of these individuals bear
labels indicating they were collected in the westernmost part of the
range (Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas). The specimens from the western
part of the range have the spot at about its maximum size. In these
individuals, the inner margin of the basal spot is nearly always
straight. Individuals from other parts of the range that have a large
spot often have the inner margin arcuate, and the markings thus
are similar to those of b. binominis.
Douglass (1929, p. 8) recorded this species from Rhus glabra L.
Distribution. — The USNM collection has a total of 403 individ-
uals from Ontario, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Penn-
sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky,
West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, North
Dakota, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska,
Montana, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Cryptocephalus quercus Schaeffer
Figure 45
Cryptocephalus quercus Schaeffer, 1906, p. 232.
Pronotum: DuU light orange to orange, disk usually vaguely
darker; punctation usually dual, larger punctures minute to blending
with small punctures, latter sparse.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to light orange, mth striae, humerus,
and dark markings more or less reddish. Each elytron with two vague
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 83
to distinct transverse, undulating bands, first at basal third, second
just behind middle; bands often extending side to side, usually very
vague or incomplete at about middle. With nine rows of punctures,
rows six, seven, and eight more or less confused, sometimes entwined
or abbreviated, latter two rows often interconnected; punctures as
large, dense as usual, finer at elytra! apex; inner and outer rows
distinct at apex, often clearly meeting, sometimes disconnected.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes produced ventrally into
a distinct, broad lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 6.7 mm.
Discussion. — Two female specimens in the U.S. National Museum
bear the red museum cotype labels and the type number 42309. One
bears the data "Palmerly Cochise Co., VII.24 Ariz.," the other speci-
men has the data "Huach Mts. VII. 12 Ariz." In the original descrip-
tion the locality of collection is given only as Huachuca Mountains,
Arizona; Schaeffer made no mention of the number of specimens from
which he described the species. Types of other of SchaeflFer's species
(as s. simulans and umhonatus) bear the locality of collection as
Palmerly, Cochise County, Arizona; the locality of collection in their
original descriptions is given as Huachuca Mountains. The type
specimen of quercus bearing the data "Huach Mts." I hereby designate
lectotype.
Distribution. — The six specimens examined are aU from Arizona.
Cryptocephalus sanguinicollis sanguinicollis Suffrian
Figure 41
Cryptocephalus sanguinicollis SuflFrian, lS52b, p. 78.
Pronotura: Orange to light or deep red throughout; punctation
dual, larger punctures minute to small, often coarse.
Elytra: Dark brown to (usually) black throughout; with eight rows
of punctures, fifth sometimes, sixth and seventh nearly always con-
fused, latter two rows sometimes reduced; punctures as large, dense
as usual, much finer at elytral apex; inner and outer rows usually
distinct at apex, often clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male distinctly produced downward
into a more or less pointed lobe; anterior margin in female produced
into a more or less distinct lobe.
Length: 3.2 to 4.9 mm.
Discussion. — One specimen in the collection was taken from Purshia
tridentata DC. ("Pursnia tridentata") .
Beller and Hatch (1932, p. 137) record this species as^ mainly
occurring on Salix, but also on blackberries, roses, strawberries, wild
licorice, and prunes.
84 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90
Distribution. — The 131 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are from California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and Washington.
Cryptocephalus sanguinicollis nigerrimus Crotch
Figure 42
Cryptocephalus nigerrimus Crotch, 1874, p. 78.
Pronotum: Dark brown to black throughout, sometimes with
reddish at sides; punctation as in s. sanguinicollis.
Elytra: Dark brown to black throughout; punctation as in s.
sanguinicollis.
Prosternum: As in s. sanguinicollis.
Length: 3.5 to 4.5 mm.
Distribution. — The eleven specimens examined are all from
California.
Cryptocephalus schreibersii SufFrian
Figures 8, 34
Cryptocephalus rugicollis Haldeman, 1849, p. 258 [preoccupied].
Cryptocephalus schreibersii Suffrian, 1852a, p. 288.
Pronotum: Dull orange to dull red, usually with basal and apical
margins narrowly and lateral margins more broadly lighter; surface
with coarse, dense, longitudinal wrinkling at side becoming large and
elongate or simple punctures, minute punctation sometimes visible.
Elytra: Dull creamy yellow to dull orange with humerus and
punctures darker; usually with no markings, sometimes with three
vague to rather distinct, more or less reddish, transverse, undulating
bands. With nine rows of punctures, often with punctures not confused,
sometimes with rows five and/or six and seven somewhat confused,
adjacent striae of rows five to nine sometimes interconnected; punctures
usually larger, denser than usual, finer at elytral apex; inner and outer
rows at apex usually distinct, often clearly meeting, sometimes ob-
scured by confused punctures and not meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced into a short, broad,
more or less pointed lobe; anterior margin in female feebly produced
into a broad lobe.
Length: 3.0 to 4.5 mm.
Discussion. — Collection data record specimens from Pinus and
pitch pine.
Distribution. — The 70 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Caroluia, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mis-
sissippi, Pennsylvania, and Michigan.
Wilcox (1954, p. 383) recorded the species from Ohio.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 85
Cryptocephalus simulans slniuJans Scbaeffer
FiGUKK 47
Cryptocephalus simulans Schaefifer, 1906, p. 231.
Pronotum: Disk usually orange and clouded with brownish or
black, varying to black with two oblique elongate light basal spots and
with apical and lateral margins broadly creamy yellow to light orange;
with a small coarsely punctate dark to black spot on each side. Punc-
tation usually dual, small punctures sparse, larger punctures on disk
minute to small, distinctly larger at side.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to light orange, each elytron with brown to
black, usually distinct markings as follows: on sutural stria; on second
interval, complete to broadly interrupted; on base, middle, and apex
of fourth stria; on humerus, this joining a more posterior spot on
sixth and seventh intervals; on sixth and seventh intervals behind
middle; at apex of seventh interval. With eight rows of punctures,
fifth sometimes, sixth and seventh always confused, sixth often much
reduced; punctures as large, dense as usual, finer at elytral apex;
inner and outer rows at apex distinct, usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female produced downward into a
broad, distinct lobe; male not examined.
Length: 5.4 to 6.3 mm.
Discussion. — There are two female cotypes in the U.S. National
Museum with type number 42307. The data are as follows: "Palmerly
Cochise Co. VII.25 Ariz." and "Palmerly Cochise Co. VI.21 Ariz.";
I hereby designate the former as lectotype. In the original description,
the locality of collection is given as Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
Schaeffer gives the months of collection as June, July, and August,
but I find that none of his specimens in the USNM collection were
collected in August.
Distribution.— All five specimens in the USNM collection are
females and were taken in Arizona.
Cryptocephalus simulans conjungens Schaeffer
Figures 49, 138
Cryptocephalus simulans conjungens Schaeffer, 1934, p. 460.
Pronotum: Red to dark red, light markings creamy yellow to light
orange; usuaUy with two elongate, oblique, light basal spots (some-
times broadly joined, more often much reduced to nearly absent);
lateral margin rather narrowly light; apical margin narrowly light.
Punctation as in s. simulans.
Elytra: Creamy yeUow to light orange, dark markings red to brown
or nearly black, pattern as that of s. simulans except stripe on second
86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
interval often reduced but not completely interrupted. Punctation as
in s. simulans, except punctures darkly pigmented, usually larger.
Prosternum : Anterior margin in both sexes produced ventrally into
a distinct, broad, rather pointed lobe.
Length: 5.1 to 6.5 mm.
Discussion. — The male holotype and five male and one female
paratypes are in the U.S. National Museum; the former bears type
number 69095. The data on these seven specimens follows: "Brewster
Co., Tx., Chisos Mts., VI, 10-12-08, Mitchell and Cushman Coll."
The Mexican species maculipennis Suffrian is similar to s. conjungens.
They differ in that the humeral and posthumeral spots of the elytra of
s. conjungens unite to form a pipe-shaped spot; those of maculipennis
do not meet or join to form an elongate spot. Also maculipennis has
a small subhumeral spot; s. conjungens does not. The maculipennis
series consists of ten specimens.
Collection records list the host as Salvia, and Salvia vinacea Wooten
& Stanley.
Distribution. — The 27 specimens in the USNM collection are all
from Texas.
Cryptocephalus simulans eluticollis Schaeffer
Figure 48
Cryptocephalus simulans eluticollis Schaeffer, 1934, p. 460.
Pronotum: Orange to light orange with a dark red spot at each side
and two elongate, oblique basal spots; broad lateral margin and
narrow apical margin distinctly to somewhat lighter; margins some-
times vague. Punctation much as that of s. simulans but larger punc-
tures a little larger, coarser.
Elytra: Light orange, markings dark red to brownish, much as
those of s. simulans, usually more vague and less developed; apical
spot on second interval rather vague to absent. Punctation as that of
s. simulans.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes produced ventrally into
a distinct, broad rather pointed lobe.
Length: 5.0 to 5.8 mm.
Discussion. — The three type specimens are in the U.S. National
Museum and were taken at Hot Springs, Arizona, by Barber and
Schwarz, the male holotype on "21.6" and one male, one female
paratypes on "28.6." The holotype has been assigned number 69096.
By its description and illustration, the Mexican species C forreri
Jacoby (1889, p. 106) seems closely related to s. eluticollis (if not
synonymous with it). A specimen in the collection determined by
Monros as forreri is nearly identical with s. conjungens. I believe that
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AR^IERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 87
an examination of the type of forreri is needed to establish its relation
to the subspecies of simulans.
Distribution. — The six specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are all from Arizona.
Cryptocephalus snotvi Schaeffer
Figure 63
Cryptocephalus snowi Schaeffer, 1934, p. 461.
Pronotum: Red to dark red, light markings creamy yellow to light
orange, rather sharply delimited. Light markings as follows: two
elongate, oblique basal spots that are narrowly joined; a broad lateral
margin (narrowed by an arm of central dark area) ; and a narrow apical
margin. Punctation dual, larger punctures minute to small; at side
with an UTegular depression.
Elytra: Creamy yeUow to light orange, dark markings and punc-
tures dark red, sharply delimited. Dark markings of each elytron as
follows: on entire second interval, on fourth interval interrupted once
before apex, at basal third of sixth and seventh intervals (including
humerus), with anteapical and apical spots on seventh interval; and
a basal spot on eighth stria. With eight rows of punctures (could be
interpreted as seven) sixth and seventh rows interrupted medially,
both more or less confused, sixth much reduced; punctures a little
larger than usual, finer to apex; inner and outer rows distinct at apex,
usually clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes produced into a shght
lobe.
Length: 4.8 to 5.4 mm.
Discussion. — Two female type specimens are in the U.S. National
Museum labeled, "Douglas Ariz. Aug. F. H. Snow." Though neither
bears Schaeffer's determination or any indication by him as to which
he intended to be the type, one has a museum type label, and the other
a museum paratype label. I accept the former as the holotype and
have assigned it type number 69079. The paratype bears the addi-
tional data "San Bernardino Ranch 3750 ft." The original description
mentions the type and paratype in Schaeffer's collection and para-
types deposited in the Kansas University; it is not known how many
specimens are in the latter series.
Distribution. — The six USNM specimens are from Texas, New-
Mexico, and Arizona.
Cryptocephalus spurcus spurcus Leconte
Figures 91, 135
Cryptocephalus spurcus Leconte, 1859, p. 84.
Pronotum: Orange to reddish, often clouded with blackish, especially
88 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90
basally each side; usually with two basal oblique spots; lateral and
apical margins vaguely lighter. Punctation dual, smaller punctures
minute and dense, larger punctures very small to (infrequently)
rather small and coarse.
Elytra: Orange to reddish, second, fourth, and sLxth intervals us-
ually wholly or in part vaguely to distinctly darker to nearly black;
with seven distinct and even rows of punctures and a short series be-
hind humerus; punctures fine and dense, often a little larger than usual,
usually finer to apex; inner and outer rows distinct to apex, nearly or
quite meeting.
Presternum: Anterior margin in male produced ventrally into a
distmct, more or less pointed lobe; anterior margin in female produced
ventrally into a broad, sometimes pointed lobe.
Length: 4.0 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — B. E. White (1937, p. 112) recorded this species on
Isocoma sp.
Distribution. — The U.S. National Museum has 29 specimens;
they are from California, New Mexico, and Texas.
Cryptocephalus spurcus vandyhei B. E. White
Figure 92
Cryptocephalus spurcus vandykei B. E. White, 1937, p. 112.
Pronotum: Backgi'ound color light orange (infrequently yellowish),
usually with discal and lateral brown to black markings, not sharply
delimited, qiute variable in development. At one extreme, pronotum
black and only lateral and apical margins light; at other extreme, with
basal and lateral brownish markings. Punctation dual, smaller punc-
tures minute and moderate in density, larger punctures small and not
coarse to moderate and rather coarse.
Elytra: Background color light orange, infrequently yellowish, with
brown to (usually) black vittae on second, fourth, and sixth intervals,
variable in development. At one extreme, with vittae brownish to
black and apex of first, and bases of second and third vittae lighter.
At other extreme, with dark vittae exjianded, in most areas not
sharply delimited, with only following areas light: bases of sutural and
first intervals, basal half of fifth interval, most of seventh mterval
(clouded below humerus), and base of marginal interval; apical half of
third, fifth, and marginal intervals clouded with brownish to blackish.
With seven rows of fine, close, generally regular punctures and a short
series behind humerus; fifth and sixth rows often a little irregular to
somewhat confused; punctures smaller to apex as usual; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex to a Uttle irregular, usually meeting.
Ventral surface: Prosternum and mesosternum and (sometimm)
abdomen dull orange and often clouded with blackish; metasternues
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 89
usually light at center, dark to black at side; metepisternum dark
brownish to (usually) black; abdomen usually black, ^vith sides, apex,
and center at base more or less light; legs irregularly dull orange to
irregularly light to dark browmsh, sometimes yellomsh evident;
anterior margin of prosternum in male produced ventrally into a
V-shaped lobe, that in female produced into a broadly U-shaped lobe.
Length: 4.2 to 5.5 mm.
Discussion. — Two paratypes of this subspecies are in the U.S.
National Museum, and I have seen a third paratype from theBurdette
Wliite collection. Of those in the USNM collection, one is a male, the
other a female; both bear the following data, "Carpintaria, California,
VII-2-36, Isocoma venetus vernoniodes , B. E. White collector." The
third paratype from the B. E. White collection (in the Cahfornia
Academy of Sciences) is a male and has the same data as above.
In addition to the specimens enumerated, I have seen ten from Utah
(eight from St. George, Pine Valley, Mt. Carmel, Beaver Valley,
Believue, "Bucksk. Valley," and Cedar City) and California (two from
Santa Cruz) which I cannot definitely assign to this subspecies. They
differ in that the pro- and mesosterna are predominantly black or
dark and the legs are irregularly dark brown to completely black. The
color of the dorsal surface shows the same pattern and variation as
that of spurcus vandykei. More complete series may show the advisa-
bility of recognizing these as a new subspecies of spurcus, a move which
I do not now feel justified m making.
A single specimen in the USNM collection from Parada, Mexico
determined as C. semimarginatus Jacoby is similar to s. vandykei but
lacks the dark vitta present on the second elytral interval of s. vandykei.
Distribution. — The 19 specimens I have seen are from California,
Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and British Columbia.
Cryptocepfialus striatulus Leconte
Figure 38
Cryptocephalus striatulus Leconte, 1880, p. 204.
Pronotum: Dull light orange, sometimes vaguely clouded with
blackish; surface usually alutaceous, punctation not or obscurely dual
(small punctures usually not visible), larger punctures quite large and
coarse.
Elytra: Dull light orange, sometimes vaguely to distinctly clouded
with blackish (no pattern evident). With nine rows of even, never
confused punctures (excepting those of apex); punctures a httle
larger, denser than usual, finer at elytral apex; inner and outer rows
usually distinct at apex, sometimes clearly meeting, often obscured by
confused punctures and not meeting.
90 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes not produced, evenly
arcuate.
Length: 2.0 to 2.4 mm.
Discussion. — The concavity of the fifth abdominal segment of the
female is not as well developed in this species as in other members of
the genus.
Distribution. — The 27 USNM specimens are from Rhode Island,
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania,
District of Columbia, and Iowa. Leconte's type specimens were from
Illinois and Virginia. WUcox (1954, p. 383) recorded this species
from Ohio.
Cryptocephalus texanus Schaeffer
Figure 61
Cryptocephalus texanus Schaeffer, 1933, p. 323.
Pronotum: Light orange Avith four broad longitudinal dark red to
black vittae, rather sharply delimited, not, or narrowly touching.
Punctation usually dual, smaller punctures sparse to absent, larger
punctures small to moderate and somewhat coarse.
Elytra: Light orange, each elytron with six dark red to black mark-
ings, basal two largest, outer four smaller and subequal. Dark markings
of each elytron as foUows: first spot at basal portions of intervals two,
three, and four, and extending along interval two to nearly middle
of elytron, often attaining suture at this point; second spot centered
just behind humerus, smaller than imier spot; anteapical spots centered
behind middle of interval four and behind middle of interval seven;
apical spots centered at apex of fourth and seventh intervals ; markings
often somewhat expanded or reduced. With seven rows of punctures
(in some apparently eight), rows five and six confused (when appar-
ently eight rows, five, six, and seven confused) ; punctures usually
pigmented, usually larger, always denser than usual, finer to apex;
inner and outer rows distinct at apex, usually clearly meeting.
Posternum: Anterior margin in female feebly to somewhat produced
ventraUy into a lobe; male not examined.
Length: 5.0 to 5.8 mm.
Discussion. — Three female type specimens are in the U.S. National
Museum; one bears Schaeffer's determination label and is thereon
designated as type. I have accepted this specimen as the holotype and
assigned it type number 69098 (though a museum notation refers
to the other two specimens as cotypes). All three specimens bear the
label data "N. Braunfels Tex."
Distribution. — The five USNM specimens (including the types)
are all from Texas.
1
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 91
Cryptocephalus tinctus Leconte
FiGUEE 37
? Cryptocephalus fasciatus Saj^, 1824, p. 437.
Cryptocephalus tinctus Leconte, 1880, p. 203.
Pronotum: Light orange to reddish (sometimes clouded with
darkish), sometimes with margins and scattered areas yellowisli,
punctures often more darkly pigmented. Usually with dual punc-
tation, smaller punctures often obscure to very sparse, larger punc-
tures quite large, coarse.
Elytra: Light orange, each elytron usually with three vague to
rather distinct, darker orange to reddish, transverse, undulating bands.
Dark bands arranged as follows: one basal, one behind middle, one
apical and narrow, often bands expanded and nearly meeting. With
nine sometimes slightly irregular rows of punctures, occasionally rows
six and seven confused; punctures a little larger, denser than usual,
slightly finer to apex; inner and outer rows obscured at apex by
confused punctures.
Prostemum: Anterior margin in male produced into a short, usually
pointed lobe; anterior margin in female not produced to feebly,
broadly produced.
Length: 2.8 to 4.5 mm.
Discussion. — C. fasciatus has long been considered a possible
synonym of lateritius, but unfortunately the description of fasciatus
does not allow it to be placed with certainty. The locality of collec-
tion was given by Say as the Konza River, Missouri; this fits more
closely with the distribution of tinctus (quite similar morphologically
to lateritius) than it does with the distribution of lateritius. On that
basis, I consider it more likely a synonym of tinctus than lateritius.
C. lateritius is known only from Florida, Georgia, and North Caro-
lina ; see below for the distribution of tinctus.
Distribution. — The USNM collection has 28 specimens from
Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, District of Columbia, Penn-
sylvania, North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina, Iowa, and Kansas.
Cryptocephalus triundulatus, new species
Figures 110, 137
General: Body 1.7 times as long as wide; dorsal surface rather
shining, elytra less so than pronotum; dorsal surface without pubes-
cense; most of ventral surface with short, sparse pubescence.
Head: Front and clypeus creamy yellow, an inverted V from vertex
to antennal insertions and labrum reddish; front with moderate-
sized, rather coarse punctures; clypeus with basal margm obsolete,
92 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
lateral margins rather distinct, broad, somewhat broader apically
than at base. Antennae in female over half length of body, in male
about three-fourths length of body; basal two to five segments orange,
remainder blackish.
Pronotum: Deep orange to red, usually with two vague, yellowish
spots at base; lateral margin narrowly to rather broadly yellowish,
this narrowly interrupted by red at middle; apical margin narrowly
yellowish. Punctation dual, smaller punctures minute, larger punctures
small, not dense.
Elytra: Baclcground color creamy yellow to light orange; dark
markings brown to black, rather sharply delimited; each elytron
with three transverse, dark, undulate bands, all broadly confluent
with suture, first centered at basal third, attaining neither base nor
lateral margin, second centered behind middle, attaining lateral
margin, third centered before apex, not attaining lateral margin.
Each elytron with seven rows of punctures, usually with an incom-
plete row between fifth and sixth; fifth and sixth rows usually con-
fused; punctures small, dense as usual, finer to apex; inner and outer
rows distinct at apex and clearly meeting.
Ventral surfaces: Ventral surface and legs orange to light reddish,
legs brownish apically; with yellowish on prosternum, mesosternum,
mesepimeron, middle of first abdominal segment at base, and sides
of abdominal segments. Anterior margin of male prosternum feebly
produced into a broad, arcuate lobe or in female not produced and
evenly arcuate. Pygidium yellowish apically, with median line, sides,
and basal half orange or reddish; with a feeble, median carina; coarsely
punctate. Fifth abdominal segment in female with a large, oval, deep
depression at center as usual or in male feebly depressed.
Length: 4.0 to 4.4 mm.
Type data. — The male holotype bears USNM type number 69243
and the data "Tucson, Arizona, Wickham, August 4, Wickham col-
lection 1933." The allotype bears the data "on catclaw 15 mi. N. of
Presidio Tx. 29.4.47 J. H. Kussell." The single female paratype has
the following: "Aug. 5-7 Tucson, Arizona, Wickliam, Wickham col-
lection 1933." All types are in the U.S. National Museum.
Discussion. — The species is most similar to cowaniae and can be
distinguished from it by the elytral pattern. In cowaniae, the dark
elytral markings are mutually confluent lateral to the elytral suture;
in this species, they are not confluent (first and second bands) or
meet only at the suture (second and third, sometimes first and sec-
ond). The specific name refers to the three undulate bands of the
elytra.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 93
Cryptocephalus trivittatus Olivier
Figures 10, 50
Cryptocephalus triviltatus Olivier, ISOS, p. 824,
1 Cryptocephalus lixus Newman, 1840, p. 250.
Cryptocephalus viUatus Haldeman, 1849, p. 250 [preoccupied, original spelling
vitatus].
Pronotum: Creamy yellow to light orange, with three rather broad,
more or less distinct, longitudinal, red to nearly black vittae; median
vitta broadest at its middle, lateral two broadest at their base. Puncta-
tion usually dual; surface often alutaceous, obscuring smaller punc-
tures; larger punctures small to moderately large and coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to light orange, usually with red to nearly
black markings as follows: at basal fourth of third interval (often
reduced to absent), at middle of fifth interval to apex; entire sLxth and
seventh intervals from base to apex (sometimes reduced, rarely indi-
cated only at base). With eight rows of often pigmented punctures;
sixth and seventh rows confused; punctures often a little larger, denser
than usual, finer at elytral apex; inner and outer rows at apex distinct,
uniting clearly.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in both sexes not produced, nearly
evenly arcuate tlu'oughout.
Length: 3.3 to 4.3 mm.
Distribution. — The 43 individuals in the U.S. National Museum
are from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New
Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Il-
linois, Iowa, and Texas. A single specimen represents the Texas
record; it is from College Station; this record could be in error.
Cryptocephalus trizonatus Suffrian
Figure 19
Cryptocephalus tricinctus Suffrian, 1852, p. 34 [preoccupied].
Cryptocephalus trizonatus SufTrian, 1858, p. 372.
Pronotum: Light orange with a transverse, sharply delimited, red
to nearly black band, pointed on each side, nearly or quite attaining
lateral margin.
Elytra: Light orange, each elytron with two broad, transverse
bands and apical tip red to dark red; dark bands sharply delimited,
leaving usually narrower orange bands at base, middle, and before
extreme apex. With seven or eight rows of pigmented punctures,
fourth to eighth rows often reduced, especially within median orange
band; punctures larger, sparser than usual, finer at elytral apex; inner
and outer rows distinct at apex, clearly meeting.
313-144— 6S 7
94 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male rather distinctly produced
into a usually pointed lobe; anterior margin in female rather weakly
produced into a broad lobe.
Length: 3.0 to 4.6 mm.
Discussion. — In my opinion, Jacoby (1889, p. 108) has, at least in
part, misapplied the name trizonatus. In the discussion, he mentions
that the thoracic band in some specimens is connected with the base by
a narrow streak on each side, and the illustration (Table 3, figure 8)
is of such an individual. I believe that this represents a species similar
to but distinct from trizonatus, because in our Central American series,
I find individuals that agree Avith this description that are consistently
different from trizonatus in this character, and this character shows no
indication of being variable. I am unable to determine whether this
species is described.
A single collection note refers to a specimen taken on "Anacua."
Distribution. — The 45 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are all from Brownsville, Texas,
Cryptocephalus umbonatus Schaeflfer
Figure 68
Cryptocephalus umbonatus Schaeflfer, 1906, p. 232.
Proaotum: Light orange to red completely or in part, disk often
more darkly pigmented; punctation dual, larger punctures small to
moderate and coarse.
Elytra: Light orange to orange, humerus and striae red to black,
with no markings. With eight rows of punctures (rarely with seven)
fifth and seventh rows more or less confused, sixth row quite con-
fused; punctures denser, more distinctly impressed than usual, a little
finer to apex; inner and outer rows distinct, usually clearly uniting at
apex.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male strongly produced into a
pointed, ventrally directed lobe; anterior margin in female produced
into a short, broad lobe.
Length: 4.0 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — Five cotypes are in the U.S. National Museum (one
male, four females) and all bear the type number 42308; they were
taken at Palmerly, Cochise County, Arizona. The single male (col-
lected in July) bears Schaeffer's determination label and is hereby
designated as lectotype. Three of the remaining types were taken in
July, one on July 15; the other two bear no exact date. One type was
taken on June 14. The original description gives the locality of collec-
tion as Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
In the types and in many of the other specimens on hand, the
elytra are waxy yellow, and the striae black and strongly contrasting
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 95
with the background. In nearly half the other specimens, however,
the elytra are rather to quite orange, and the striae partly to com-
pletely dark reddish and less strongly contrasting with the background.
At the extreme, the elytra match the orange color of the pronotum.
Distribution.— All the 46 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are from Arizona.
Cryptocephalus vapidus, new species
Figures 111, 136
General: Body 1.75 to 1.80 times as long as wide; dorsal surface
shining, lacking pubescence; most of ventral surface with short, sparse,
whitish pubescence.
Head: Dull light orange, antennal insertions darker orange, front
evenly, moderately, densely punctate; vertex shallowly grooved or
depressed; clypeus sharply delimited, distinctly broadest apically.
Antennae nearly as long as body in male, or nearly two-thirds as long
as body in female; dull light orange.
Pronotum: Dull light orange, with generally distinct, fine, darker
speckling which is absent basally at center, anteriorly on each side,
and at apex. Punctation dual, smaller punctures minute and sparse,
larger punctures small to very small, not coarse.
Elytra: Dull light orange; each elytron with distinct to vague indi-
cations of two dull reddish, transverse, undulate bands; humerus dull
reddish; punctures dark reddish. Each elytron with nine even and
distinct rows of close, fairly large punctures; rows seven and eight
behind humerus nearly always interrupted and joining each other;
punctures distinct to apex, somewhat smaller apically; inner and
outer rows at apex distinct and clearly meeting.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and appendages dull light orange,
apices of femora light; metasternum reddish. Anterior margin of
metasternum in male broadly produced ventrally into a V-shaped
pointed lobe; anterior margin in female broadly produced ventrally
into a blunt lobe. Fifth abdominal segment in female at center with a
deep oval depression, or fifth segment feebly depressed in male.
Length: 3.5 to 4.8 mm.
Tyfe data. — The species is represented by 57 individuals, all taken
by D. J. and J. N. Knull in the Chmcuhua Mountains of Aiizona,
except for one from the Patagonia Mountains of Arizona. The male
holotype (taken on August 7, 1959) and the allotype (taken on July
27, 1953), are in the OSU collection. The dates on the paratypes and
their numbers are as follows: VI-15-39 (one male), VI-27-49 (one
male), VII-20-53 (one male, one female), VII-22-53 (one male),
VII-27-53 (two females), VIII-3-55 (Patagonia Mts., one female).
96 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
VII-24-55 (one male, one female) , VII-29-55 (two males, one female),
VII-17-57 (one female), VII-27-57 (one male, one female), VII-2-59
(four males, four females), VII-9-59 (five females), VII-23-59 (one
female), VII-30-59 (one male, one female), VIII-7-59 (four males,
five females), VIII-15-59 (one female), VII-3-G1 (one female),
VII-7-61 (one female), VII-5-61 (one female), VII-5-61 (one male,
one female), VII-18-61 (one female), VII-22-61 (one male, one fe-
male), VII-29-61 (one male), VIII-2-61 (two females), VIII-6-61
(one female), VIII-18-61 (two males). Most of the specimens are in
Ohio State University, but the last five are in the U.S. National
Museum.
Discussion. — The species is similar to the description of C. oh~
scuripennis Jacoby (1880, p. 54) described from Guatemala. In
vapidus, the antennae are orange throughout; those of obscuripennis
are described as having the terminal segments black. The nam^e
vapidus (meaning dull) refers to the body color of this species.
Cryptocephalus venustus venustus Fab.
Figures 86, 139
Cryptocephalus venustus Fab., 1787, p. 79.
Cryptocephalus flaccidus Suffrian, 1852, p. 239.
Pronotum: Orange to dark red, nearly always with two light,
oblique basal spots, lateral and apical margins vaguely lighter, gener-
ally creamy yellow to light orange; light markings and margins never
sharply delimited ; punctation dual, larger punctures small to moderate
in size, always coarse.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to light orange, each elytron with two dark
red to (usually) black, nearly always distinct vittae from base of
second, third, and fourth intervals to apex of second interval and
from humerus to apex of fourth to seventh intervals; infrequently
dark markings vague, reduced, or interrupted, rarely somewhat ex-
panded. With nine rows of punctures (sometimes apparently eight),
rows five to eight crowded, one or more often confused or reduced;
punctures as large, dense as usual, finer at elytral apex; inner and
outer rows distinct at apex, nearly always clearly meeting.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in male produced ventrally into a
distinct, stout spine; anterior margin in female produced into a broad,
short, pointed lobe, often spinelike.
Length: 4.1 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion. — The series of v. venustus before me contains the male
of V. simplex and probably also the male of v. ornatulus (see notes
under these subspecies). The single specimen I know to be a male of
V. simplex (collected in copula), I find to be indistinguishable from
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN A^IERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 97
males of v. venustus; I have recognized no males of v. ornaiulus but
think it quite likely that it is also nearly or quite identical to v. venustus.
Cleared male genitaUa of v. venustus, v. cinctipennis, v. hamatus, and
V. simplex have been compared and found to be essentially identical.
A few individuals have the elytra (exclusive of the dark vittae)
clouded with reddish; these are connected with the normal condition
by intermediates.
One specimen was taken on Sapium sebiferum Rayb. ("Sapium
sebicerum") .
The essentially sympatric distribution of the subspecies of venustus
is distm-bing. Obviously the situation is at variance with generally
held views regarding the nature of subspecies. Temporal factors or
behavior differences, however, might interpose a degree of reproductive
isolation between the populations treated here as subspecies. In the
cases of v. ornaiulus and v. simplex, in which only females are know n
to exhibit the distinctive color patterns, sex-Unked allelomorphism
may be involved. Oidy experimental studies will completely clarify
these problems. In the absence of such investigations, no certain
conclusions can be reached concerning the significance of the differences
in the color pattern in venustus. Although recognizing that the present
arrangement is not satisfactory, I prefer to retain the names as
subspecies. Appropriate changes can be made at such time as solid
evidence indicates the need for a different treatment.
Distribution. — The U.S. National Museum contains a series of
316 specimens taken from Manitoba, Quebec, Connecticut, Mass-
achusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Vu-ginia, Ohio,
lUinois, Indiana, Michigan, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, South
Dakota, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Mimiesota, Colorado, and Texas.
A single specimen has California as the locality of collection; likely
this is in error.
Cryptoceplialus venustus cinctipennis Randall
Figure 84
Cryptocephalus cinctipennis Randall, 1838, p. 45.
Pronotum: Color similar to v. venustus but with light markings more
frequently absent; punctation as in v. venustus.
Elytra: Disk dark red to (usually) black; margmal interval and
often adjacent interval in part creamy yellow, usually to apex, but
sometimes only at side; disk sometimes more or less yellowish at
base and/or near scutellum; punctation as in v. venustus.
Prosternum : as in v. venustus.
Length. — 4.1 to 5.2 mm.
98 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Distribution. — The 85 specimens in the U.S. National Museum
are from Manitoba, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New York, Maryland, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri,
Mississippi, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado.
Cryptocephalus venustus hamatus Melsheimer
Figure 85
Cryptocephalus hamatus Melsheimer, 1848, p. 173.
Pronotum: Color as v. cinctipennis; sculpture as v. venustus.
Elytra: Eighth and marginal intervals creamy j^eUow. Dark mark-
ings variable, basically as a v. venustus in which dark markings of
each elytron expand and meet each other or suture or both; at one
extreme, with discal markings as v. venustus, but those normally
light areas creamy yeUow and clouded with reddish; at other extreme,
disk entirely dark, base, suture, and apex distinctly or vaguely yellow-
ish; striae as v. venustus.
Presternum : As in v. venustus.
Length: 4.0 to 5.5 mm.
Discussion. — This is the most poorly differentiated of the recog-
nized subspecies of venustus. Usually there is a scutellar and/or
second diagonal band of yellow on each elytron. Rarely is one of these
complete; usually one or the other is incompletely or weakly indicated.
There is nearly a continuous range of intermediates between this
subspecies and v. cinctipennis. In v. cinctipennis, the entire elytral
disk is usually black, I am taldng a conservative approach in letting
V. hamatus stand as is.
Distribution. — There are 24 specimens in the U.S. National Mu-
seum, and they are from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey,
Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, South
Dakota, and Colorado. Douglass (1929, p. 8) recorded this subspecies
from Kansas.
Cryptocephalus venustus ornatulus Clavareau
Figure 87
Cryptocephalus ornatus Fabricius, 1798, p. 106 [preoccupied],
Cryptocephalus ornatulus Clavareau, 1913, p. 194.
Pronotum: Orange to dark red, lateral and apical margins lighter or
yellowish, sometimes with two vague, oblique light basal spots;
sculpture as in v. venustus.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to light orange, each elytron with dark red
to black markings as foUows: entire second interval, base of fourth
interval (latter two often joined), at side three subequal spots, one on
humerus (always present, rarely expanded or reduced), middle of
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 99
eighth interval (often expanded or reduced, rarely absent), at apex of
fourth interval (often expanded to reduced or absent). 8triao and
punctures essentially as v. venustus but less frequently with confused
or reduced rows.
Prosternum: Anterior margin in female as that of v. venustus; male
not recognized (likely as in male of v. venustus).
Length: 4.8 to 6.0 mm.
Discussion.— All 43 individuals on hand are females. I believe that
the males of this subspecies are mixed with specimens determined as
V. venustus and that they are nearly or quite indistinguishable from
V. venustus externally. Because of this, the description is based upon
the female, and only this sex runs tlirough the key.
Distribution. — There are 43 specimens in the USNM collec-
tion, and they are from Manitoba, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio,
Indiana, Iowa, Missom-i, Kansas, Colorado, and Texas. Blatchley
(1924, p. 53) recorded this subspecies from Florida.
Cryptocephalus venustus simplex Haldetnan
FlQtJBE 88
Cryptocephalus simpleo! Haldeman, 1849, p. 249.
Pronotum: Color much as in v. venustus, but basal markings more
frequently absent; punctation as in v. venustus.
Elytra: Creamy yellow to (usually) light orange; female with only a
black spot on humerus, infrequently with vague indications of vittae
located as in v. venustus; male with dark vittae as in typical v. venustus.
Striae as in v. venustus, but less frequently with reduced or confused
rows.
Prosternum: Anterior margin as in v. venustus.
Length: 4.1 to 5.8 mm.
Discussion. — All but one of the 71 specimens on hand are fe-
males. The single male is one of an associated couple collected in copula;
it is identical externally as far as I have been able to determine ^^•ith
a male of v. venustus also associated m copula \vith a female of that sub-
species. As with V. ornatulus, I believe that the remaining males of this
subspecies are mixed \dth specimens determined as v. venustus. The
male of v. simplex represents the lower range of the extremes in length
for this subspecies.
Distribution. — The series of 71 specimens in the U.S. National
Museum are from New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New
Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin,
and Minnesota. Douglass (1924, p. 8) recorded this subspecies from
Kansas.
100 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Cryptoceplialus virginiensis, new species
FiGUEES, 18, 109, 140
General: Body 1.8 times as long as wide; dorsal surface moderately
shiny, without pubescence; most of ventral surface with short, fine
pubescence.
Head: Front and vertex mostly black, with light orange adjacent
to each eye and above antennal insertions, clypeus and front below
antemial insertions reddish, labrum orange; with large coarse punctures
on black area; clypeus with posterior margin distinctly impressed,
lateral margins distinct, with apex distinctly wider than base. An-
tennae of male nearly as long as body, orange throughout.
Pronotum: Predominantly black, with sharply delimited light or-
ange markings at side and apex; light markings at side narrow at
base, broader anteriorly; apical markings discontinuous, apically at
center wdth a small light spot, this distinct from narrow light margin at
each side. Punctation dual, smaller punctures small, sparse, larger
punctures large and coarse, coarsest basally and at sides; surface on
each side scabrous; median line narrowly free of punctures and finely
carinate posteriorly.
Elytra: Ground color light orange, dark markings black, sharply
delimited. Each elytron with three pair of dark spots as follows (basal
pair largest) : two basal spots, inner larger, second basal spot extending
from fifth to eighth stria, not attaining base, ceasing before middle
of elytra; second pair centered behind middle of elytron, iimer larger,
moderate in size, centered on third stria, located about two-thirds of
way back, lateral spot small, centered at about middle of eighth inter-
val; apical spots both moderate, one centered before apex of third
stria, other before apex of seventh stria. Each elytron with eight rows
of large, pigmented, som^ewhat irregular punctures, these rather sparse,
punctures on light areas smaller than others; fifth, sixth, and seventh
rows confused; rows distinctly finer at elytral apex; inner and outer
rows distinct to apex, not clearly meeting.
Ventral surface: Ventral surface and pygidium black; median line
of prosternum light orange; legs reddish orange. Anterior margin of
presternum in male distinctly produced ventrally mto a rather pomted
lobe; pygidium with very large, coarse punctures.
Length: 5.0 mm.
Type data. — The male holotype is from Cape Henry, Virginia, and
w^as taken on July 20, 1927, by Aug. Busck; it bears the USNM type
number 69244.
Discussion. — The species is most similar to cupressi but is easily
distinguished from it. The pronotal disk of cuvressi bears four longi-
tudinal dark bands; that of virginiensis is entirely black. The elytral
patterns of dark markings of these two species are nearly identical.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MHXICO 101
16
17
18
Figures 2-18.- — Elj^tral apices, posterior view; pronota in lateral and dorsal views: 2>
C. do-rsatus, new species, male; 3, C. implacidus, new species, female; 4, C. bivius Xewnian,
female; 5, C. maccus, new species, male paratypc; 6, C. amatus fractilineatus, new sub-
species, male holotypc; 7, C. amatus apicedens Fall, female; 8, C. schreibersii Suffrian,
female; 9, C. merus Fall, female; 10, C. trivittat us Olivier, female; 11, C. cuneatus Fall, male;
12, C. castaneus Lecontc, female; 13, C. binotatus, new species, male paratypc; 14, C. duryi
Schaeffer, female; 1 5, C. leucomelas leucomelas Suffrian, female; 16, C. confluent us confluent us
Say, female; 17, C. egregius Schaeffer, female; 18, C. virginiensis, new species, male liolotype.
313-144—68-
102
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
19
20
22
23
21
24
29
25
30
26
31
27
32
28
33
Figures 19-33. — Left elytra, dorsal views: 19, C. trizonatus Suffrian, female; 20, C. mucoreus
Leconte, male; 21, C. basalis Suffrian, female; 22, C. quadruplex Newman, female; 23,
C. quadruplex Newman, male; 24 C. puhicollis Linell, male; 25; C. pinicola Schaeffer,
female; 26, C. hinominis binominis, Newman, female; 27 C. binominis rufibasis Schaeffer,
female; 28, C. multisignatus Schaeffer, male; 29, C. notatus notatus Fab., male; 30, C. notatus
quadrimaculatus Say, female; 31, C. notatus sellatus Schaeffer, female; 32, C. pubiventris
Schaeffer, female; 33, C. notatus fulvipennis Haldeman, male.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IX AMERICA NORTH OF MKXICO 103
34
40
35
37
38
44
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
Figures 34-49.— Left elytra, dorsal views: 34, C. schreibersn Sutfnan, female; .^:., C.
/a/.n-/m. Newman, male; 36, C. ocArac... Fall, female; 37, C. ^:nrtu. Leconte female;
38 C Uriatidiu Leconte, female; 39, C. amatus amalus Haldeman, female; 40, C. amatus
apicedens Fall, male; 41, C. sanguinicollis sanguinicoUis Suffrian, male; 42, C. sanzi^imcolhs
mgerrimus Crotch, male; 43, C. arizonensis ari^nensis Schaeffer, female; 44, C nanus
Fab female- 45, C. quercus Schaefler, female; 46, C. atrofasciatus Jacoby, male; 4/,
C. simulans ' sUnulans Schaeffer, female; 48, C. shnulans eluticolhs Schaeffer, female;
49, C. simulans conjungens Schaeffer, female.
104
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
60
61
62
63
64
Figures 50-64. — Left elytra, dorsal views: 50, C. trivitlatus Olivier, female; 51, C. cuneatus
Fall, male; 52, C. guttulatellus Schaeffer, female; 53, C. gutlulatus Olivier, female; 54 C.
duryi Schaeffer, female; 55, C. cupressi Schaeffer, female; 56, C. castaneus Leconte, female;
57, C. castaneus Leconte, female; 58, C. leucomelas leucomelas Suffrian, female; 59, C.
leucomelas vitticollis Leconte, female; 60, C. egregius Schaeffer, female; 61, C. texanus
Schaeffer, female; 62, C. bivius Newman, female, 63, C. snozvi Schaeffer, female; 64,
C. cribripennis Leconte, female.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA XOKTH OF MKXKO ] ()5
Figures 65-79.— Left elytra, dorsal views: 65, C. defectus Leconte, female; 66, C. luteolus
Newman, male; 67, C. fulguratus Leconte, female; 68, C. umbonatus Schaeflfer, male; 69,
C. pumilus Haldeman, female; 70, C. incertus Olivier, female; 7\, C. albicans Haldcman,
male; 72, C. hispinus SufTrian, female; 73, C. calidus SufTrian, female; 74, C. insertus
Haldeman, female; 75, C. aulicus Haldeman, female; 76, C. mutabilis Melsheimer, female;
77, C. mutabilis Melsheimer, male; 78, C. obsoletus obsoletus Germar, female; 79, C. gib-
bicoUis dhbicollis Haldeman, female.
106
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 90
80
81
82
83
Figures 80-93. — Left elytra, dorsal views: 80, C. brunneovittalus Schaeffer, female; 81, C.
mcrus Fall, female; 82, C badius Suffrian, female; 83, C cowaniae Schaeffer, female; 84,
C. venustus cinctipennis Randall, male; 85, C. venustus hamatus Melsheimer, male; 86, C.
venustus venustus Fab., female; 87, C. venustus ornatulus Clavareau, female; 88, C. venustus
simplex Haldeman, female; 89, C. cerinus nevadensis B. E. White, female holotype; 90, C.
confluentus confluentus Say, male; 91, C. spurcus spurcus Leconte, female; 92, C. spurcus
vandykei White, female; 93, C. cerinus cerinus B. E, White, female
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OK MEXICO 1()7
94
95
Figures 94-97.— Adults, dorsal views: 94, C. allernans jungovMatus, new subspecies, male
holotype; 95, C. amalus fraclilineaius, new subspecies, male holotype; 96, C. astralosus,
new species, male holotype; 97, C. binotatus, new species, female holotype.
108
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
Figures 98-lOL — Adults, dorsal views: 98, C. confluentus melanoscelus, new subspecies,
male holotype; 99, C. dorsatus, new species, male holotype; 100, C. disruptus, new species,
male holotype; 101, C. gibbicollis decrescens, new subspecies, male holotype
CRYPTOCKPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MKXICO 109
102
103
104
105
Figures 102-105.— Adults, dorsal views: 102, C. contextus, new species, female holotype;
103, C. leucomelas trisignatus, new subspecies, female holotype; 104, C. implacidus, new
species, female holotype; 105, C. maccus, new species, male holotj-pe.
no
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
107
108
Figures 106-108.— Adults, dorsal views: 106, C. lunatus, new species, male holotype;
107, C. obsolelus indistinctus, new subspecies, male holotype; 108, C. pseudomaccus, new
species, male holotype.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MKXICO 1 1 I
109
Figures 109-111.— Adults, dorsal views: 109, C. virginiensis, new species, male holotype;
110, C. tnundulatus, new species, male holotype; 111, C. vapidus, new species, male holo-
type.
112
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
Figures 112-119. — Cleared male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views of each: 112, C. binotatus,
new species, allotype; 113 C. bivius Newman, Tampa, Florida; 114, C. astralosus, new
species, holotype; 115, C. alternans jungovittatus, new subspecies, holotype; 116, C. amatus
fractilineatus, new subspecies, holotype; 117, C. calidus Suffrian, Medina, North Dak.;
118, C. brunneovittatus Schaeffer, Padre IsL, Texas; 119, C. atrofasciatus Jacoby, Williams,
Arizona.
cryptoci':phalus in America north of Mexico
113
124
125
126
Figures I20-126.-Cleaied male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views of each: 1-0 C. Jury
Schaeffer, Brownsville, Texas; 121, C. confluentus confluentus Say, ^I^; f "^''^°"'^ ^ "
ifornia; 122, C. cupressi Schaeffer, paratype, New Orleans, Louisiana; 123, C. iibbuolhs
decrescens, new subspecies, holotype; 124, C. co^caniae Schaeffer, paratype, ^.^..^^,
Arizona; 125, C. disruptus, new species, holotype; 126, C. dorsatus, new species, holot> pe.
114
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 29
Figures 127-134. — Cleared male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views of each: 127, C. leu-
comelas leucomelas Suffrian, Morrison, Arizona; 128, C. lunatus, new species, holotype;
129, C. maccus, new species, holotype; 130, C. guttulatus Olivier, W. Springfield, Massa-
chusetts; 131, C. mucoreus Leconte, Kentucky; 132, C. pseudomaccus, new species, holo-
type; 133, C. notatus fulvipennis Haldeman, Capron, Florida; 134, C. ohsoletus ohsoletus
Germar, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MKXKO 115
139
136
138
140
Figures 135-140. — Cleared male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views of each: 135, C. spurcus
spurcus Leconte, San Diego, California; 136, C. vapidus, new species, holotype; 137,
C. triundulatus, new species, holotype; 138, C. simulans conjungens Schaeffer, El Paso,
Texas; 139, C. venustus venustus Fab., Branchville to Beltsville, Maryland; 140, C. vir-
giniensis, new species, holotype.
Synoptic List of Species
albicans Haldeman
alternans jungovittatus, new subspecies
amatiis amahis Haldeman
amatus apicedens Fall
amatics fraciilineatus, new subspecies
arizonensis arizonensis SchaeflFer
astralosus, new species
atrofasciaiiis Jacoby
aulicus Haldeman
badius Suffrian
basalis Suffrian
binominis binominis Newman
binominis rufibasis Schaeffer
binotatus, new species
bispinus Suffrian
bivius Newman
brunneovittatus Schaeffer
calidus Suffrian
carinalus Leconte
caslaneus Leconte
cerinus cerinus B. E. White
cerinus nevadensis B. E. White
confluentus confluentus Say
confluentus melanoscelus, new subspecies
contextus, new species
cowaniae Schaeffer
cribripennis Leconte
cuneatus Fall
cupressi Schaeffer
defedus Leconte
nigrovittalus Jacoby
disruptus, new species
dorsatus, new species
duryi Schaeffer
egregius Schaeffer
fulguratus Leconte
gibbicollis gibbicollis Haldeman
gibbicollis decrescens, new subspecies
guiiulatellus Schaeffer
quatuordecimpustulatus Schaeffer
guttulatus Olivier
lautus Newman
implacidus, new species
incerlus Olivier
Uneolatus Haldeman
tnsertus Haldeman
ellipsoidalis Casey
laieritius Newman
leucomelas leucomelas Suffrian
leucomelas tnsignatus, new subspecies
leucomelas viliicollis Leconte
lunatus, new species
luteolus Newman
sanfordi Blatchley
sanfordensis Blatchley
maccus, new species
merus Fall
mucoreus Leconte
multisignatus Schaeffer
mutabilis Mclslicimer
discoideus Suffrian
dispersus Haldeman
nanus Fab.
notatus notatus Fab.
notatus fulvipennis Haldeman
notatus quadrimaculatus Say
notatus sellatus Schaeffer
obsoletus obsolelus Germar
ornatus Suffrian
obsoletus indistinctus, new subspecies
ochraceus Fall
pallidicinctus Fall
pinicola Schaeffer
pseudotnaccus, new species
pubicollis Linell
pubiventris Schaeffer
pumilus Haldeman
pseudolus Suffrian
quadruplex Newman
quadriguttulus Suffrian
quercus Schaeffer
sanquinicollis sanquinicollU Suffrian
sanquinicollis nigerrimus Crotch
schreibersii Suffrian
rugicollis Haldeman
simulans simulans Schaeffer
simulans conjungens Schaeffer
simulans eluticollis Schaeffer
snowi Schaeffer
spurcus spurcus Leconte
spurcus vandykei B. E. White
striatulus Leconte
texanus Schaeffer
117
313-144— 6S-
118
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 290
tinctus Leconte
fasctatus Say
triundulatus, new species
tnvitlatus Olivier
lixus Newman
vittatus Haldeman
irizonatus Suffrian
tricincius Suffrian
umbonatus Schaeflfer
vapidus, new species
venustus venustus Fab.
fiaccidus Suffrian
venustus cinctipennis Randall
venustus hamatus Melsheimer
venustus ornatulus Clavareau
ornatus Fab.
venustus simplex Haldeman
virginiensis, new species
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Index of Specific and Subspecific Names
abruptus, 44
albicans, 26
alternans, 26
amatus, 28
apicedens, 29
arizonensis, 30
astralosus, 31
atrofasciatus, 32
aulicus, 33
austerus, 56
badius, 33
basalis, 34
binominis, 34
binotatus, 36
bispinus, 37
bivius, 38
brunneovittatus, 39
calidus, 40
carinatus, 40
castaneus, 41
catoxantha, 25
cerinus, 42
cinctipennis, 97
confluens, 44
confluentus, 44
conjungens, 85
consors, 25
contextus, 46
cowaniae, 47
cribripennis, 48
cuneatus, 49
cupressi, 50
decemplagiatvis, 47
decrescens, 57
defectus, 51
discoideus, 70
dispersus, 70
disruptus, 52
dorsatus, 53
dur}'!, 54
ogregius, 54
ellipsoidalis, 61
eluticoUis, 86
omiliae, 24
cxaratus, 25
fasciatus, 91
flaccidus, 96
flavicollis, 24
flaviventria, 24
forreri, 86
fractilineatus, 30
fulguratus, 55
fulvipennis, 73
fulviis, 24
gibbicollis, 56
guatemalensis, 63
guttulatellus, 58
guttulatus, 59
haematodes, 24
hamatus, 98
hemixanthus, 24
implacidus, 60
incertus, 61
inconspicuous, 43
indistinctua, 75
insertus, 61
irroratus, 49
jungovittatus, 26
liocheri, 24
lateritius, 62, 91
lautus, 59
leucomelas, 63
lineolatus, 61
lixus, 93
lobatus, 24
loreyi, 24
lunatus, 65
luteolus, 66
maccus, 67
macrodactylus, 24
maculipennis, 86
melauoscelus, 45
merus, 68
militaris, 80
mucoreus, 69
multisignatus, 70
mutabilis, 70
nanus, 71
nevadensis, 43
nigerrimus, 84
123
124
INDEX
nigrovittatus, 51
notatus, 72
obscuripennis, 96
obsoletus, 74
ocellatus, 58
ochraceus, 76
ornatulus, 98
ornatus, 74, 98
pallidicinctus, 76
patheticus, 47
pini, 24
pinicola, 77
pseudolus, 80
pseudomaccus, 78
pubicollis, 79
pubiventris, 79
pumilus, 80
quadriguttulus, 81
quadrimaculatus, 73
quadruplex, 81
quatuordecimpiistulatus, 58
quercus, 82
rhombeus, 59
rimosus, 56
roei, 24
rufibasis, 35
rugicollis, 24, 84
eahlbergi, 24
sandfordi, 51, 66
sanfordensis, 51, 66
sangiiinicollis, 83
schrammeli, 31
schreibersii, 84
sellatus, 73
semimarginatus, 89
sericea, 24
simplex, 99
simulans, 85
smithi, 80
snowi, 87
sordidus, 32
speciosus, 24
spurcus, 87
striatulus, 89
subtilis, 58
taeniata, 69
tesseratus, 58, 59
testudineu3, 59
texanus, 90
tinctus, 91
tricinctus, 93
trisignatus, 64
triundulatus, 91
trivittatus, 93
trizonatus, 93
umbonatiis, 94
vandykei, 88
vapidus, 95
venustus, 96
virginiensis, 100
vittatus, 93
vitticoUis, 65
U.S. SOVERNMENT PRINTiNS OFFICE; 1968
