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REVISION OF RECENT
BAIRDIIDAE (OSTRACODA)
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover)
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Revision of
Recent Bairdiidae
(Ostracoda)
ROSALIE F. MADDOCKS
Department of Geology
University of Houston
SMiTrasSONrAN INSTI UPION PRESS
GITyY OF WAS HiINCTON
1969
Publications of the United States National Museum
The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two
series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States
National Museum Bulletin.
In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with
the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts
in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies
of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and
to specialists and others interested in the various subjects.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate
form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with
the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.
In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer,
separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts)
and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are
either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation.
Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been
published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United
States National Herbarium.
This work forms number 295 of the Bulletin series.
Frank A. TAYLOR
Director, United States National Museum
IV
Introduction
The ostracode form genus “Bairdia”’ is probably the most over-
extended category in the entire suborder Ostracoda. It has been
applied with more or less serious intent to over 600 ostracode species
ranging in age from Ordovician through Recent (Howe, 1955; van
Morkhoven, 1963). Recently considerable progress has been made
toward a more reasonable and useful classification of Paleozoic (Sohn,
1960) and post-Paleozoic, especially Triassic (Kollmann, 1960, 1963),
fossil Bairdiidae. It has been generally agreed that the genus Bairdia
sensu stricto should be restricted to the Upper Paleozoic, for its
Carboniferous type-species B. curta McCoy and other closely allied
species ranging from Devonian through Permian (Sohn, 1960). To
include other forms under this name violates its morphologic and
quite possibly its phyletic homogeneity.
At least 75 nominal species representing more nearly 200 morpho-
logic species of “‘Bairdia’”’ have been recognized in the Recent; at
least as many species flourish undescribed in the rich and varied
shallow-water assemblages of tropical and subtropical regions, which
are still very poorly known. Thus ‘‘Bairdia’” exemplifies today the
confusion and frustration expressed by ‘“‘Cythere” and ‘‘Cythereis”
before 1925. The deceptively simple carapace morphology of this
group combines with the apparent variability to discourage efficient
discrimination of species. Probably three-quarters of all citations of
non-European species of ‘“‘Bairdia’”’ are misidentifications or homo-
nyms. This deplorable condition results in part from the difficulty of
describing accurately and diagnostically the geometry of a smooth
carapace, but even more it reflects the relative unimportance ascribed
to ‘Bairdia’”’ by many workers. Conversely, it is obvious that
“Bairdia” can have little significance as a paleoecologic or stratigraphic
index as long as its taxonomy remains unreliable.
There is a recurrent “‘heresy’” of obscure origin and little factual
substantiation to the effect that the ‘key’ to relationships among
Recent ostracode species is to be found in the soft parts, and that the
carapace alone provides insufficient evidence for distinction of ‘‘bio-
logic” or ‘natural’? taxa. Application of this principle to Recent
Bairdiidae has followed two courses: many taxonomists have admitted
that Bairdia s. s. is restricted to the Paleozoic, and that one or more
new genera need to be established for Recent forms, but they have
1
2, U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
disavowed competence for the task and referred it to a successor,
preferably a ‘‘zoologist”’; they then proceeded to use the name sensu
lato. Others, with no more information but with more courage of
their convictions, have used instead Nesidea, which, because it is
based on a Recent type species and by common agreement applies
only to living species of ‘“‘Bairdia,” has been felt to be a more precise
term though its morphologic boundaries are identical with ‘“Bairdia.”
Certainly, the taxonomist with the whole animal before him has a
very real advantage over the one confronted by fragmentary skeletal
remains. The soft-part anatomy of podocopid ostracodes does reveal
rapidly evaluable data concerning phenetic and phyletic affinities of
taxa, yet an equivalent amount of equally significant and entirely
congruent information is embodied in the carapace morphology. It is
true that in some forms, for example the Bairdiidae, carapace shape
may be difficult to define, evaluate, and communicate, but this is a
problem of technique rather than of inherent information, and it is a
difficulty that will be reduced in future by application of geometric
and statistical techniques of description and analysis. Meanwhile, the
investigation of soft-part characters wherever possible may be rec-
ommended both as a shortcut to and a test of a stable taxonomic
system. Thus it is logical to look among living species of the family
Bairdiidae for a representative sampling of hard- and _ soft-part
morphologies from which to construct and distinguish the higher
taxonomic categories of the proposed revision.
In spite of the abundant representation of ‘“‘Bazrdia”’ in modern
assemblages, very few species (25, 10 by Miiller alone) have had
soft parts even partially described. Only two authors (Miller, 1894;
Kornicker, 1961) have attempted to specify characters that might
be useful in establishing a generic classification; others have been
prone merely to conclude that the anatomy of the species described
is essentially that of a ‘“‘Bairdia.” As for the other available genera of
Recent Bairdiidae, no soft parts have been described for well-
established species of either Triebelina or Bairdoppilata. Bythocypris
(female soft parts have been described for three species) has been mis-
applied to smooth-shelled forms of indeterminate outline, uncertain
affinities, and indiscriminate age. Anchistrocheles has been effectually
ignored for lack of well-described species to be assigned there.
The wealth of living material collected by recent expeditions and
especially by the International Indian Ocean Expedition brings the
total of living species of Bairdiidae with illustrated or illustrable soft
parts to 54. At this point it becomes both feasible and obligatory to
attempt to use this information to establish a generic classification
that will be an improvement over the anarchy now prevailing. This
I have tried to do. The resulting classification is both preliminary and
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 3
tentative; it is hoped that further data will confirm the trends sug-
gested here and permit greater detail and precision of distinction
within this framework.
Because of the limitation of time, especially time required for
illustration, this classification is based on relatively few “key’’
characters taken in about equal number from the carapace and soft-
part anatomy. Empirical observation suggests that they yield rela-
tively consistent and distinctive differential diagnoses. However, as
methods for rapid and objective simultaneous evaluation of many
characters become more practicable, such as those of numerical
taxonomy, we may expect these subjective distinctions to be con-
firmed and ramified. Application of numerical taxonomic techniques
to Ostracoda has been hampered by lack of basic anatomical data.
One purpose of this study has been to accumulate anatomical and
homological information for the Bairdiidae, which stand in special
need of quantitative evaluation. Sufficient data are now available
for enough species to sustain an analysis of this type; it is only a
matter of selecting and codifying characters.
This study, then, has a 3-fold purpose: (1) To identify and describe
some of the interesting and taxonomically significant species of modern
Bairdiidae collected by recent expeditions, especially in the Indian
Ocean region; (2) to evaluate and illustrate some of the variety of
carapace and appendage anatomy that is possible in this group; and
(3) to use this new information in establishing a tentative classifica-
tion, as a first step in the iterative process of achieving a generally
accepted and useful nomenclatural system for this family. Although
only living species are considered in this report, it is presumed that
the taxa established are equally appropriate for any post-Paleozoic
Bairdiidae.
Acknowledgments
This study forms a part of the project ‘‘Ostracodes of the Indian
Ocean,” directed by Richard H. Benson, Division of Invertebrate
Paleontology, Smithsonian Institution, supported by grants to him
from the National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Research
Foundation, and based chiefly on the collections of the United States
Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition
(1963-1964). It was completed during my tenure as research associate
with Benson at the Smithsonian Institution (1965-1967), who also
put his collections and laboratory facilities at my disposal and con-
tributed the photographs assembled in Plates 1 and 2.
Collections of other institutions and individuals have contributed
to this study. I should particularly like to thank Louis S. Kornicker,
Division of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution, for the use of his
4. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Bahama collections. I was priviledged to study the Challenger lecto-
types of Brady (1880) while they were on loan to Harbans S. Puri,
Florida State Geological Survey, from the British Museum (Natural
History). Benson, Kornicker, and I. Gregory Sohn (U.S. Geological
Survey) contributed valuable suggestions from their reading of the
manuscript but must not be held responsible for any of the opinions
contained herein.
Taxonomy
PREVIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS.—Miiller (1894) described carapaces and
soft parts of 10 species of ‘“‘Bairdia’”’ and assigned them to one of two
groups on the following criteria: Group 1 (subdeltoidea group):
anterior margin of both valves without denticles, median segment
of copulatory organ penetrated by copulatory tube (B. obscura,
decipiens, frequens, mediterranea, and minor); Group 2: anterior
margin of left valve with denticles and of right valve with or without
denticles, median segment of copulatory organ not perforated by
copulatory tube (B. longevaginata, corpulenta, serrata, reticulata, and
raripila). Miiller also recognized and described other characters with
taxonomic significance, as established below, whose distribution is
not congruent with these two groups.
Kornicker (1961), combining Miiller’s species with five species of
Bahaman ‘‘Bairdia,”’ recognized four groups of ‘Bairdia’”’ plus
Bairdoppilata based on the morphology of the male copulatory organ.
He noted that these divisions resulted in a coincident clustering of
TaBLE 1.—Comparison of the proposed generic-level classification of 14 species
of Bairdiidae with the species-groups recognized by Miiller (1894) and
Kornicker (1961)
“Bairdia’’ species Miiller (1894) Kornicker (1961) Maddocks (herein)
decipiens 1 ik Neonesidea
frequens 1 I Neonesidea
mediterranea 1 I Neonesidea
minor 1 I Neonesidea
obscura I I Neonesidea
corpulenta 2 II Neonesidea
longevaginata 2 I Neonesidea
raripila 2 - ?Triebelina
reticulata 2 III ?Paranesidea
serrata 2 II Uncertain
gigacantha I Paranesidea
harpago - II Paranesidea
arostrata = IV ? Paranesidea
carinata -
Bairdoppilata Bairdoppilata
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 5
species with similar carapace morphology, but that the distinctions
among carapace groups seemed less marked; he suggested that the
carapace is more conservative than the soft-part anatomy in this
group. He refrained from naming these implied generic categories,
believing that a taxonomic system based principally on carapace
structures would be more useful. Table 1 summarizes the classifica-
tions of Miller and Kornicker as compared to that proposed below.
Puri (1964, p. 196) has suggested that at least three groups of
“Bairdia” are distinguishable on muscle-scar pattern alone; this
opinion is also held by Hulings (pers. comm.) and is certainly supported
by the material described below (see Figure 3).
Kollmann (1963) recognized five subfamilies among Triassic genera
belonging to the family Bairdiidae: Bairdiinae Sars, 1923; Alanel-
linae Boucek, 1936; Nodobairdiinae Kollmann, 1963; Triebelininae
Kollmann, 1963; and Carinobairdiinae Kollmann, 1963. On the basis
of external sculpture alone he pointed out that it would be worth-
while to revive Glyptobairdia (by a partitioning of Triebelina) for the
Recent representative of a lineage that already in the Triassic (Cari-
nobairdia) is distinct from and coexists with Triebelina and related
genera. Unfortunately, the hingement of Triassic Carinobairdiinae is
unknown, but if we postulate that it is at least potentially bairdop-
pilatan, then three of Kollmann’s subfamilies are represented by
Recent genera and might be incorporated into the proposed scheme
as tribes (Bairdiini, Triebelinini, Carinobairdiini) within the sub-
family Bairdiinae.
PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION.—On the basis of the species studied,
the following categories are readily distinguishable among living
Bairdiidae:
Subfamily Bairdiinae Sars, 1888
Neonesidea, new genus
Paranesidea, new genus
Triebelina Bold, 1946
Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample and Jennings, 1935
B. (Bairdoppilata) Coryell, Sample and Jennings, 1935
B. (Glyptobairdia) Stephenson, 1946
Subfamily Bythocypridinae, new subfamily
Bythocypris Brady, 1880
Zabythocypris, new genus
Anchistrocheles Brady and Norman, 1889
Living Bairdiidae may be separated easily into two subfamilies,
Bairdiinae and Bythocypridinae, which correspond to the form
genera “Bairdia” and ‘“Bythocypris” of current usage. Each sub-
family may be diagnosed on a characteristic adductor muscle-scar
arrangement and is substantiated by consistent patterns of carapace
and appendage morphology. The name Bairdiinae is retatned here
6 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
because of the high probability that Bairdia s. s. belongs here, as
well as many other extinct genera.
Within the subfamily Bairdiinae at least nine genera or subgenera
may be distinguished. Three of these taxa already have available
names (T'riebelina, Bairdoppilata, and Glyptobairdia). For each of
these categories the new soft-part data reinforce the distinctiveness
of the taxon that has long been deduced from carapace structure.
The remaining species of ‘“Bairdia,” by far the majority, fall naturally
into two major groups for which the new names Neonesidea and
Paranesidea are proposed. These five genera and subgenera are easily
recognizable by muscle-scar patterns alone (see Figure 3) ; comparable
distinctiveness is suspected but not yet proved for scars of the un-
named species-groups within Neonesidea and Paranesidea.
Neonesidea, to which the majority of described Recent species of
“Bairdia”’ belong, contains three morphologic groups that will deserve
at least subgeneric status when better information is available for
their diagnosis. The carapace morphology, and perhaps also appendage
anatomy, of certain cold- or deepwater species assigned here to
Paranesidea and B. (Bairdoppilata) is sufficiently unlike that of the
typical shallow-water tropical forms that separate taxa will be re-
quired ultimately for them. Finally, at least three species are indicated
with morphologic characters intermediate between Neonesidea and
Paranesidea. Establishment of these new taxa should be postponed
until more species may be investigated.
The differences in carapace and appendage anatomy between
Triebelina and Paranesidea are insufficient to support the family-
level distinction of Kollmann (1963). In fact, on the scale established
by the other generic diagnoses of this report, they might have been
established as subgenera of one genus, which would have then retained
the older name Triebelina. However, it seems undesirable to sub-
merge the identity of the numerically small and morphologically
strictly defined Triebelina by the widespread and heteromorphic
form Paranesidea, whose limits and ancestry are at present only
conjectural.
A brief comparison of the essential anatomical features of these
five genera and subgenera of Bairdiinae is presented in Table 2.
Species assigned to Bythocypris in this report include several abyssal
species for which a new genus or subgenus should be named, but the
absence of described male anatomy for typical European species
renders Bythocypris difficult to diagnose. The peculiar form
Anchistrocheles is herein reinstated by description of new and pre-
viously established species. A morphologically intermediate genus,
Zabythocypris, is proposed for a distinctive group of rare but character-
istic abyssal species.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 7
TaBLE 2.—Summary of diagnostic characters of five genera and subgenera of
Recent Bairdiidae
DISTAL ANTENNAL
CLAW
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Batrdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
ANTERODISTAL ANTEN-
NAL SETA
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
POSTERODISTAL(FUSED)
ANTENNAL CLAW
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
VIBRATORY PLATE OF
MALE
sigmoid hook
smooth
smooth
smooth
MALE
absent or vestigial
short and thin
as long and thick as
distal claw
almost as long and
thick as distal claw
MALE
smooth
serrate to pectinate
smooth
smooth
FIRST THORACIC LEG:
NUMBER OF UN-
FEATHERED SETAE
PROXIMALLY SEGRE-
GATED
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
NUMBER OF FURCAL
SETAE (NEVER DI-
MORPHIC)
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
MALE
2 equal length
4 equal length
4 equal length
4 equal length
5 long, 2 short
4 long, 2 short
FEMALE
smooth
smooth
distally barbed
smooth
smooth
FEMALE
long and thin
long and thin
long and medium
thickness
as long and thick as
distal claw
almost as long and
thick as distal claw
FEMALE
smooth
very finely serrate
distally barbed
smooth
smooth
FEMALE
1
4 equal length
4 first seta longest
4 equal length
4 equal length
4 long, 2 or 3 short
7 all long
7 all long
8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
TABLE 2.—Summary of diagnostic characters of five genera and subgenera of
Recent Bairdiidae—Continued
CARAPACE SURFACE
TEXTURE
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
T riebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
CARAPACE STRUCTURE
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Biardoppilata
Glyptobairdia
CARAPACE LATERAL
OUTLINE
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
CARAPACE HINGE-
MENT
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
MUSCLE-SCAR
PATTERN
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
MARGINAL DENTICU-
LATION
Neonesidea
Paranesidea
Triebelina
Bairdoppilata
Glyptobairdia
smooth or finely punctate
coarsely punctate
coarsely punctate, nodose, or ridged
smooth or finely punctate
punctate with loop-and-bar ridge pattern
thin
robust
very robust
thin
very robust
elongate subtriangular
rotund
subquadrangular
rounded subhexagonal
subhexagonal
HINGE BAR AUXILIARY
DENTITION
may be finely serrate absent
smooth absent
smooth absent
smooth present
serrate present
CONFIGURATION INDIVIDUAL SCARS
4 zigzag rows
tight spiral
4 diagonal rows
loose spiral
3 horizontal rows
RIGHT VALVE
anterior: none or few
posterior: none or many
anterior and posterior
frilled
stout spines
smooth or frilled
stout spines
wedge-shape
subcircular
irregular oblong
oblong
subquadrate
LEFT VALVE
anterior smooth
posterior denticulate
anterior and posterior
denticulate
stout spines
frilled or denticulate
stout spines
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 9
Material
The most fertile source of living material for this study was in the
collections of the U.S. Program in Biology, International Indian Ocean
Expedition, which include three types of collections: (1) Shore-based
collections by the author from littoral and reef environments around
Nosy Bé, Madagascar; (2) collections, mainly by dredging, of cruises
7-9 of the RV Anton Bruun in the Mozambique Channel; (3) collec-
tions by various participants at islands visited on these cruises. Be-
cause of the great number of specimens and species involved, the
shallow-water subfossil assemblages included in these collections
have not been systematically covered here. The species selected for
inclusion in this report are those for which abundant living material
is available, all species of the Nosy Bé fauna, and the characteristic
bairdian constituents of the relatively monotonous abyssal faunas.
Thus this paper represents a ‘‘reconnaissance” survey with emphasis
on taxonomic diversity rather than regional comprehensiveness.
Also included here are the bairdiid components of the assemblages
currently (1967) being studied by R. H. Benson for his analysis of the
abyssal ostracode biofacies. These include collections of the USNS
Eltanin, chiefly in Antarctic waters; collections of cruise 11 of the
Anton Bruun in the southeast Pacific; and collections of the U.S. Fish
Commission Steamer Albatross in many parts of the world, especially
the Gulf of Mexico and southeast Pacific.
The Bahama collections of L.S. Kornicker permit further description
of the five species of ‘‘Bairdia” he recognized there as well as two other
Caribbean species. Other collections in the U.S. National Museum,
chiefly those of Tressler and Benson, have yielded single species whose
redescription contributes to the coverage of this project.
STATION LOCALITIES
Collections of the RV Anton Bruun cruises 7 and 8 in the Mozambique
Channel (see Figure 1):
STATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH (m)
360B 27°38’S 33°23’E 1360
361B 26°34’S 35°59’E 1829
361G 25°50’S 37°21’E 2750
361H 25°39’S 37°45/E 3750
363B 23°45’S 43°10’E 2980
363D 23°45’S 43°11’E 1605
363E 23°40’S 43°21’E 1860
363G 23°38’S 43°24’E 1350
3635 23°36’S 43°24/E 1280
363K 23°43’8 43°25’/E 1190
363L 23°17’S 43°30’E 841
10 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
& COMORES
Q
= 413.8
YMayotta
@400B »
@367D
367A
@367G :
@368C 366A,C@
365B,D@
@369A 363B,D,E,J,K,L@
@3690,G.)
©3708
@371G
@361H
@372P @373F @361G
@397D
@361B
@373)
@360B
@380A,C
@381B
45°
Ficure 1.—Locations of collecting stations of cruises 7 and 8 of the Anton Bruun in the
Mozambique Channel from which species of Bairdiidae are described.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 11
STATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH (m)
365B 23°19’S 43°33’/E 420
365D 23°20’S 43°32’E 695-475
366A 23°09’S 43°09’E 2300
366C 23°09’S 43°07’E 2710
367A 22°36’S 41°18’E 3350
367D 22°15'S 40°21’E 2200
367G 22°42’S 39°19’E 3140
368C 23°00’S 38°37’E 2995
369A 23°48’S 37°47’E 2270
369D 24°04’S 36°16’E 1720
369G 24°12’S 36°02’E 1205
3695 24°12’S 36°01’E 1140
370B 24°25'S 35°47'E 910
371G 24°49’S 35°13’E 73
372P 25°57'S 33°02’E 37
373F 26°02’S 33°08’E 366
3735 26°58’S 33°53’E 880
380A 32°58’S 43°37’E 935
380C 32°58’S 43°41’E 950
381B 33°13’S 43°51’/E 38
397D 26°14’S 34°04’E 665
399 22°33’S 36°10’E 925
400B 21°12’8 36°24/E 1530
403F 19°09’S 36°55’ E 88
407D 17°32’S8 43°05’E 1360
409A 16°12’S 43°41’ 400
410A 15°07’S 44°21’E 3100
413 12°32’S 45°50’E 3530
413B 12°32’S 45°50 E 3530
416A 08°45 S 43°39’/E 3850
421A 02°54’S 40°23’E 34
Collections of the Anton Bruun cruise 11 in the southeast Pacific
(see Figure 2):
95 8°30.5’S 81°40’W 4332-4423
113 8°44’S 80°45’ W 5986-6134
179 8°54’S 80°41’ W 4823-4925
Collections of the USNS Eltanin (see Figure 2):
418 62°39-40’S 56°8-10’W 311-426
740 56°06-07’S 66°19-30’ W 384-494
1248 59°57’S 136°37’W 3495-3386
1250 60°03-05’S 132°51-56’W 3638-3825
1345 54°50-51’S 129°46-48’W 915-1153
1418 54°32’S 159°02’E 113-92
1 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
2 3x Seychelles
wz. ::Bahamas
Tortugas
a7
27515 +.
1345
1248
© 41250
Ficure 2.—Locations of collecting stations of the Albatross, Eltanin, Anton Bruun, and
International Indian Ocean Expedition from which species of Bairdiidae are described.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 13
Collections of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross (see
Figure 2):
STATION LATITUDE
2383 28°32’N
2385 28°51’N
2392 28°47'30’'N
2iol 16°54’N
2763 24°17'S
2808 00°36’30’’S
3376 03°09’N
4693 26°30’S
4723 10°14’S
4728 13°47’30’S
5650 4°53'45/S
LONGITUDE DEPTH (m)
88°06’ W 2160
88°18’ W 1335
87°27’W 1324
63°12’W 1257
42°48’30’’W = 1227
89°19’W
82°08’ W 1132
105°45’W 2089
107°45’W 3475
114°22’W 1930
121°29’E 988
Shallow-water collections from localities visited by participants in
the I.I.0.E. (see Figure 2):
412L 30 m
LK-12 0-1 m
LK-28 4°4'53’’S 39°40/35’E 1-4m
LK-29 4°5/10’’S 39°40’/30’E %-1m
LK-39
Grand Comoro 1 20 m
HA-33 27°16’N 33°47’E 0-1 m
Tulear 10 m
Nosy Bé 0-40 m
Anse Royale 10m
327-237 O—69——2
Banque de Cinq Métres near Nosy
Bé, Madagascar (by R. H.
Benson)
Galle Harbor, Ceylon. Thallassia
sand flats (by L. S. Kornicker)
Mombasa, Kenya, Andromache
Reef, near south channel en-
trance to port, thin sand covering
with Thallassia (by L. 8S.
Kornicker)
Mombasa, Kenya. Andromache
Reef, reef lagoon landward of
reef flat, thin sand with Thallassia
(by L. S. Kornicker)
Mayotte Island, Comores (by L. 8.
(Kornicker)
Grand Comoro Island, Comores.
Coral reef sand (by Bruce
Rodgers)
Ghardaqua, Egypt. Washings of
algae from low tide level (by
H. A. Fehlmann)
Tulear, Madagascar. Reef sand in
tide pocket (by R. H. Benson)
Nosy Bé, Madagascar. Various
littoral and inner sublittoral
marine collections around Nosy
Bé and nearby mainland (by R.
F, Maddocks)
Anse Royale, Mahé, Seychelles. 4
mile from shore, between reefs
14 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295:
Miscellaneous collections now in the Smithsonian Institution (see
Figure 2):
GIL 615 34°17’S 18°27’E 6m _ False Bay, South Africa (from J. H.
Day)
RM1004 George Sound, New Zealand
Ifalik Atoll: USNM 98545-98554, Acc. No. 200652. Washings of algae, alga-
encrusted rocks, and dead coral fragments from various littoral, reef, and
lagoon collecting localities at Ifalik Atoll, West Caroline Islands (by D. P.
Abbott).
Tortugas: USNM 88843, 88863-88866, Acc. No. 111167. Debris of broken-up
Porites clumps, west side of Loggerhead Key, depth 12-15 feet, Tortugas
Florida (by W. L. Schmitt; see Tressler, 1949)
Bimini: Collections in the vicinity of the Bimini Islands, Great Bahama Bank
(by L. 8. Kornicker; see Kornicker, 1961)
Andros: USNM Acc. No. 265635; collections in the vicinity of Andros Island,
Great Bahama Bank (by M. L. Jones)
USNM Acc. No. 271766, 66-A-9-XV, 28°15’N, 87°02’W, 1000 m depth (by
Willis Pequegnat)
West Coast of Florida and Florida Bay: Shelf collections (see Benson and Coleman,
1964)
1003: Intertidal collection at Prince Edward Island (South Indian Ocean) (by
N. R. Fuller)
Systematic Descriptions
Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1888
Subfamily BAIRDIINAE Sars, 1888
Family Bairdiidae Sars, 1888, p. 288.—Miiller, 1894, p. 265.—Morkhoven,
1962, p. 113.—Hartmann, 1963, p. 123.—Kollmann, 1960, p. 160 (part).
Subfamily Bairdiinae (within family Cyprididae), Sars, 1923, p. 62.
Family Nesideidae Miiller, 1912, p. 240.
Typre-cenus.—Bairdia McCoy, 1844, p. 164.
Dr1acgnosis.—Carapace ovate to subhexagonal in lateral view, left
valve larger than right and overlapping it dorsally and ventrally,
usually of distinctly different shapes; right valve hinge a simple bar
with dorsal groove, left valve hinge an incised groove with dorsal shelf
and ventroterminal triangular sloping platforms; adductor muscle-
scar pattern characteristically composed of 8-10 scars arranged in
three anterior plus one posteroventral rows of 2-3 scars each.
Antennules 7-segmented, 3 terminal podomeres with tactile setae
much longer than those of preceding podomeres. Antenna with 6
podomeres (endopodite with 4), sixth podomere completely fused
with stout posteroventral claw, carrying larger distal claw, antero-
distal seta, and 1 or 2 tiny simple setae. Mandible with masticatory
part of 4 stout trilobed denticles, 2 or 3 similar but less complex
denticles, and tiny setae; exopodite with 3 graduated feathered setae.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 15
oa oe A g o
er tT ae ety CESS
<= 2 = = =¢ apace Bs Cwm
= Co Re x
BE Gm ss nN 2 ze
aoe ae ee
aes Neonesidea
a
ee ce oS - ee Sse owe
et@ Re eB a era 0 eee %G | ae
Pe? , OH oe et Sette
5 ad ee
eee Sig ses Oa haaset es
ee @ &@ Sef’ wee %e &
Sane’ \e%e Mena cali
é
Bairdoppilata ’
Ae “ee 45 ove ee - Sy Lu woe
@? ° oe SF. @
9 we 4749 ee eee eS SoF Qs Se
Triebelina Paranesidea
= @&= = = ’ i gw a
gy - & ® = & a ®
ee <o a & aSelis @s ,\
i=, == Ge, oF 7,| Sy e” * eae
ie Anchistrocheles |Zabythocypris v
& oe. — a ; = a @p °
$ %S
é aie ee
ish \ §
ea
& g °
e ‘ =.
es Se Ss
ee ) , &2 Sf
gf Ww wm
ae
xX eS
Bythocypris
Ficure 3.—Representative muscle-scar patterns of Recent genera of the family Bairdiidae:
A, Neonesidea parilihamata, n. sp.; B, N. cracenticlavula, n. sp.; C, N. sp. 1; D, N.
schulzi schulzi (Hartmann); E, N. antonbruuna, n. sp.; F, N. dinochelata (Kornicker) ;
G, B. (Bairdoppilata?) simplex (Brady); H, B. (Bairdoppilata) alcyonicola, n. sp.; I,
B. (Glyptobairdia) coronata (Brady); J, B. (Bairdoppilata?) villosa (Brady); K, Triebelina
reticulopuncta Benson; L, T. sertata Triebel; M, T. schyroconcha, n. sp.; N, Paranesidea
sp. 3; O, P. fracticorallicola, n. sp.; P, P. algicola, n. sp.; Q, P. gigacantha (Kornicker);
R, Anchistrocheles antemacella, n. sp.; S, A. bensoni, n. sp.; T, A. sp. 1; U, Zabythocypris
ancipita, n. sp.; V, Z. helicina, n. sp.; W, Bythocypris eltanina, n. sp.; X, B. spiriscutica,
n. sp.; Y, B. reniformis Brady.
16 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Masticatory processes of maxilla long and slender with 2-6 setae,
each of differentiated size and structure, posteroventral platelet
bearing 6 heavily chitinized unfeathered setae. Vibratory plate of
first thoracic leg triangular, with 4 unfeathered ventral setae and
many feathered setae; basal podomeres of second and third thoracic
legs with two ventral setae; all legs pediform. Furca with 6 or 7 setae,
seta 2 twice as long as others and feathered. Male brush-shaped organ
asymmetrical. Copulatory organ large, pigmented, with hemioval
median segment, smaller distal segment, arched copulatory tube;
genital lobe with doubly coiled spiral tube. Distal portions of append-
ages and genitalia, carapace selvage, exterior setae, and sometimes
part of epidermis pigmented, dark brown to black.
Remarks.—The appendage and genital anatomy of the Bairdiinae
are both complex and remarkably consistent. I would estimate at least
300 characters to be observable that are capable of some degree of
variation, but for mere distinction of species or genera less than 10
characters are necessary. Indeed, the copulatory organ alone will
sometimes be all that is necessary to identify a male to species.
Identification of a female (ignoring the carapace) is more difficult and
requires comparison of minute differences on very many structures.
Unfortunately, most published illustrations are not sufficiently
accurate for detailed comparisons.
For a few of the species described here the entire anatomy is illus-
trated, both to demonstrate the general consistency >1f structure
from species to species, and to provide a sampling of the variation
possible in structures not usually considered to be diagnostic. That
such taxonomically controlled variation exists, for example, in the
maxilla (generally considered the most conservative of appendages
and rarely illustrated) may be seen in the comparison of Figures 6a,
15e, f, 18d, 22a, 25d, 32a, 346, 38a, 39g, and 40f. It would seem that
the number, length, thickness, shape, pectination, barbs, etc., of indi-
vidual setae on the masticatory processes are capable of sufficient vari-
ations and combinations that each species has its own “fingerprint.”
The usefulness of such a character, however, is severely limited by
the small size and difficulty of separating individual setae within
these bundles.
Neonesidea, new genus
TyprE-sPecies.—Trebelina schulzi Hartmann, 1962, p. 44.
EtymMoLocy.—Greek neos, new + Nesidea Costa.
Diacnosis.—Carapace streamlined ovate and smooth, muscle-scar
pattern with 8 elongate scars arranged in three horizontal or diagonal
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 17
rows plus posterior inserted wedge; distal antennal claw of male with
sigmoid incision, anterodistal seta thin, fused claw smooth; first
thoracic leg with 4 unfeathered setae of vibratory plate widely spaced;
furca with 7 setae, the last two very tiny; male copulatory organ of
simple hinged 3-part structure with stiff arched copulatory tube.
DerscripTion.—Carapace thin, smooth or faintly pitted; lateral
outline varying from ovate to subrhomboidal, lacking any posterodor-
sal concavity or pronounced ventral sinuation, posterior end usually
acutely tapered; anterior margin of right valve with or without few
short denticles, left anterior margin smooth, left or both posterior
margins edged with fine denticles; posteriormost spine may be en-
larged to long spine or platelet supporting posterodorsal siphonate
projection formed by fused lamelliform setae. Eight elongate adductor
muscle scars arranged in three horizontal-diagonal rows and a fourth
wedge-shaped inserted row. Epidermis deeply pigmented in whole or
part, accounting for dark brown color pattern of living animal; medial
oval opaque pattern, rarely any other pattern. Hinge thin and simple,
median elements may be very finely striate. Fused marginal zone
moderately wide, radial pore canals straight and abundant.
Antenna with fifth podomere very long and thin, more than twice as
long as fourth; sixth podomere fused with stout simple curved claw,
smooth in both sexes, carrying besides the distal claw an anterodistal
seta and an extremely thin rodlike sensory (?) seta; distal claw very
long and sturdy, in males cleft by a sigmoid incision into a bifid hook,
in females tapering smoothly to a slender point; anterodistal seta
short and thin or absent in males, long but thin in females, extending
to two-thirds the length of distal claw. Vibratory plate of first thoracic
leg with four unfeathered, more heavily chitinized setae spaced
widely along the ventral margin; male with the first two of these
setae closely grouped at anteroventral corner and directed ventrally,
others directed posteriorly; female with only the first seta so segre-
gated. All thoracic legs with podomere 4 long and slender, more than
twice as long as podomere 38, distal claw long and thin and tapering to
simple point. Furca generally with 7 setae, seta 2 twice as long as
others and feathered, setae 6 and 7 very much shorter than others.
Male copulatory organ of relatively simple, hinged 3-part structure,
with the three lobes distinctly separable, terminal lobe very much
smaller than median lobe and with digitate protrusions very small or
absent; copulatory tube reaches in a broad stiff arch from junction of
basal and median Jobes to beyond tip of median lobe, there generally
penetrating and emerging distally beside terminal lobe as slender
flexible thread.
18 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 4.—WNeonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). N. s. schulzi (Hartmann): A,B, Male USNM
121252; C,D, female USNM 121253. N. s. ifalikensis, n. subsp.: E, H-M, Male USNM
93549 specimen 465; F,G, male USNM 98549 specimen 466.
A-F, Exterior carapace; G, right exterior muscle-scar pattern; H, antenna; I, furca;
J, third thoracic leg; K, second thoracic leg; L, first thoracic leg; M, copulatory organ.
A—-D, xX 43 hE. 29H NE 30, 27
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 19
SPECIES INCLUDED.—Recent species for which soft parts have been
described, listed by original binomen:
Triebelina schulzi Hartmann, 1964
Bairdia corpulenta Miiller, 1894
Bairdia decipiens Miller, 1894
Bairdia dinochelata Kornicker, 1961
Bairdia frequens Miiller, 1894
Bairdia cf. frequens, Reys, 1964
Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman
Triebelina gierlofi Hartmann, 1959
Bairdia incognita Lerner-Seggev, 1964
?Bairdia inflata (Norman), 1862 of Brady, 1868
Bairdia longevaginata Miller, 1894
Bairdia mediterranea Miller, 1894
Bairdia minor Miiller, 1894
Bairdia obscura Miiller, 1894
Bairdia phlegeri McKenzie and Swain, 1967
?Bairdia simuvillosa Swain, 1967
Bairdia subdeltoidea Miinster of Sars, 1888
Six new species and one subspecies are named and described herein:
Neonesidea antonbruuna, new species
Neonesidea arenigena, new species
Neonesidea cracenticlavula, new species
Neonesidea parilihamata, new species
Neonesidea pateriformis, new species
Neonesidea aduncicorpulenta, new species
Neonesidea schulzi ifalikensis, new subspecies
The following species are a few of the many known only from empty
carapaces that may be assigned to Neonesidea on the basis of carapace
shape and muscle-scar pattern illustrated in existing literature:
Bairdia amygdaloides Brady of Brady, 1890
Bairdia attenuata Brady, 1880
Bairdia crosskeiana Brady, 1866
Bairdia fusca Brady, 1880
Bairdia longisetosa Brady, 1902
Bairdia woodwardiana Brady, 1880
NOMENCLATURAL DISCUSSION.—The genus Nesidea was proposed
by Costa (1847, 1849-1853) for the single species N. hirta. The illus-
trations of this species are naively rendered and contain many glaring
errors. While the species is certainly a bairdiid ostracode and, according
to the structure of the copulatory organ and carapace outline, probably
belongs to this first generic grouping of species as diagnosed above,
the many errors prohibit identification of this form with any one of
the several species of this general form known to inhabit the Bay of
Naples. Without a type specimen, N. hirta and the genus Nesidea
must remain technically available but operationally undefinable units.
Stability of nomenclature will best be conserved by setting aside the
names Nesidea and N. hirta as nomina dubia.
20 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ecotoey.—Species of Neonesidea are confined to rather shallow
water (less than 100 m). They are characteristic members of epifaunal
assemblages on marine algae, grasses, sponges, and, to a lesser extent,
detrital accumulations and associated sandy sediments. While they are
extremely abundant in reef and platform habitats just below low tide
level, they are not known to occur in the littoral zone at Nosy Bé.
Subfossil carapaces are chiefly present in shallow-water sands, espe-
cially abundant near reefs or other environments where found living.
Distrisution.—Worldwide, chiefly in tropical and subtropical
areas.
AFFINITIES.—The species included in this genus may be further ar-
ranged into three smaller groups, typified by the species N. schulzi
(Hartmann), N. dinochelata (Kornicker), and N. pateriformis, new
species, and distinguished especially by carapace shape and muscle-
scar pattern. Within the N. schulzi group fall most of the species
described by Miiller (1894) as well as N. gierlofi (Hartmann), N. gerda
(Benson and Coleman), N. phlegeri (McKenzie and Swain), and the
new species N. antonbruuna, N. cracenticlavula, and N. aduncicorpu-
lenta. The N. dinochelata group includes N. parilihamata, new species,
and other species that are at present either undescribed or known from
carapaces only, such as N. woodwardiana (Brady) and perhaps forms
identified as B. crosskeiana Brady by Puri (1960) and B. amygdaloides
Brady by Brady (1890); the most interesting feature of this group is
the fusion of muscle scars yielding a zigzag alignment of four wedge-
shaped scars. Finally, two extremely compressed forms with nearly
oval lateral outline, N. tenera (Brady) and N. pateriformis, new
species, seem sufficiently distinctive to represent a third potential
subgenus. Yet another category might be added either here or within
Paranesidea for such species as Bairdia serrata Miiller, 1894, Bairdia
roquebrunensis Rome, 1942, and ‘‘Genus Uncertain species 1” of this
paper, which combine appendage characters of Neonesidea with the
marginal spinosity and high-arched dorsal outline of Paranesidea.
Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann), 1964
Neonesidea schulzi schulzi (Hartmann), 1964
Figures 4a-d, 5, 6
Triebelina schulzi Hartmann, 1964, p. 44, pls. 4, 5: figs. 14-22.
Species BA, Maddocks, 1966, p. 47, fig. 22.
Diacnosis.—Carapace elongate-ovate and streamlined in lateral
view; anterior margin of left valve without denticles, of right valve
with 3 to 5 short curved spines at about midheight; posteroventral
margin of right valve with about 15 tiny denticles, posteriormost 5 or
6 fused together as a platelet, left valve with about 15 denticles and a
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE Di
Ficure 5.—Neonesidea schulzi schulzi (Hartmann): A,D, Female USNM 121253; B,E,F
male USNM 121252; C, male specimen KU100025.
A,B, Antennae; C, antennule; D, genital lobe; E, second thoracic leg; F, third
thoracic leg. A,B,D, X 201; E,F, X 152.
22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
longer curved terminal spine. Hinge elements very finely crenulate,
thin.
Copulatory organ of male with slender median and terminal lobes;
slender lamelliform support of copulatory tube of equal thickness
throughout, tube penetrating distal end of terminal lobe near tiny
crescentic projection, continuing as short thread.
Mareriau.—Nosy Bé; 445 living specimens, 293 subfossil speci-
mens.
Single living specimens collected at Anse Royale, Ghardaqua, and
Anton Bruun 412L. USNM 121252-121257.
Diwensions.—Adult male USNM 121252, left valve, length in-
cluding spine 1.09 mm, length without spine 1.02 mm, height 0.57
mm; right valve, length 1.03 mm, height 0.52 mm.
Adult female USNM 121253, left valve, length including spine, 1.06
mm, length without spine 1.01 mm, height 0.61 mm; right valve,
length 1.01 mm, height 0.57 mm.
Hapsitat.—Nosy Bé; the most abundant bairdian species in the
epifauna of algae, grasses, sponges, corals, and dead coral fragments in
coral reef and submerged platform habitats.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé; moderately common in
shallow-water sands, especially near reefs.
AFFINITIES.—The Nosy Bé specimens are identical with the
Ghardaqua specimen.
Hartmann (1964), noting the minute striations on the hinge elements
of this form, similar to those illustrated for Bairdia coronata Brady
(then assigned to Triebelina) by van Morkhoven (1958, pl. 46: fig. 4),
placed this species in 7’rrebelina, as he had done earlier (1959) for the
related El Salvador species 7. gierlofi Hartmann. Such minute
striations, usually too fine to be drawn accurately to scale, can be
seen in several other species and genera. 7riebelina is diagnosed by its
asymmetrical and robustly ornamented carapace as well as distinctive
soft-part morphology; the known species have smooth hinge elements.
Neonesidea schulzi ifalikensis, new subspecies
FIGURE 4e—m
?Bairdia crosskeiana Brady, Brady, 1880, p. 58, pl. 9: fig. 3a—c; 1890, p. 493.
TYPE SsPECIMENS.—Holotype male USN M 98549 (specimen no. 466) ;
paratype male USNM 98549 (specimen no. 465).
Type tocauity.—lfalik Atoll (USNM 98549), West Caroline
Islands.
Diacnosis.—Carapace virtually indistinguishable from that of N.
schulzi schulzv. Proportions of copulatory organ foreshortened, distal
lobe not visibly perforate, lamellar support of copulatory tube basally
thickened and distally pointed.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 23
Ficure 6.—Neonesidea schulzi schulzi (Hartmann): A, Male specimen KU100025; B-D,
male USNM 121252.
A, Maxilla; B, copulatory organ and furca; C, first thoracic leg; D, mandible. B,
KILOV IC) KS 2 236:
24 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
MateriaLt.—From Ifalik Atoll, 14 living specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult male holotype, left valve, length 1.07 mm,
height 0.57 mm; right valve, length 1.03 mm, height 0.59 mm.
Distrisution.—Ifalik Atoll. Possibly identified as B. crosskeiana
by Brady (1880) from Tonatapu, Admiralty Is., and Hawaii; (1890)
from Samoa.
AFFINITIES.—This form can be distinguished from N. schulzi schulzi
only by inspection of the soft parts.
Neonesidea gerda (Benson and Coleman), 1964
FIGurRE 7
Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman, 1964, p. 19, pl. 1: figs. 14-16; fig. 8.
Bairdia ef. B. crosskeyana Brady, Benda and Puri, 1962, pl. 5: figs. 12, 13. -
MarteriAL.—Loggerhead Key, Tortugas: 5 living specimens, in
vials carrying USNM 88863, 88864, 88865, and labeled as para-
types of Nesidea cushmani Tressler. Carapaces are decalcified and
difficult to study.
Bahamas: 3 living specimens from stations Bahamas 242 and
Andros 65, from the collections of L. S. Kornicker.
Florida Bay and west coast of Florida: Abundant subfossil speci-
mens, including holotype specimen USNM 118186, in the collections
of Benson and Coleman (1964).
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121258 from Bahamas 242,
right valve, length 0.99 mm, height 0.56 mm; left valve, length
1.02 mm, height 0.62 mm.
Adult female USNM 121259 from Andros 65, right valve, length
1.04 mm, height 0.60 mm; left valve, length 1.06 mm, height 0.65 mm.
Adult male USNM 88864 specimen 455 from Loggerhead Key,
right valve, length 1.02 mm, height 0.62 mm; left valve, length
1.03 mm, height 0.65 mm.
DistripuTion.—Bahamas, west coast of Florida, Florida Bay, and
the Florida Keys.
AFFiIniTiEs.—The specimens from Tortugas and Bahamas seem
to be identical in soft-part characters. The copulatory organ of the
Tortugas male has one or two very tiny papillae on the distal surface
of the terminal segment that are not visible on the Bahamas speci-
men. The Tortugas shells are completely decalcified and cannot be
compared accurately with others. They are, however, the same size
as the Bahamas specimens. No specimens with appendages suffi-
ciently well preserved for study could be found in the dry collections
from Florida Bay and the west coast of Florida, but the subfossil
carapaces of B. gerda resemble the Bahamas form in shape and dis-
tribution of opaque pattern, differing only in their tiny size.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 25
Figure 7.—Neonesidea gerda (Benson and Coleman): A-G, Male USNM 88864 specimen
455 from Tortugas; H,I, male USNM 121258 from Bimini; J,K, female USNM 121259
from Andros.
A, First thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, third thoracic leg; D, copulatory
organ and furca; E, antenna; F—K, carapace exteriors seen in transmitted lizht. A-E,
x 152; F,G, X 43; H-K, x 29.
26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
The specimen illustrated by Benda and Puri (1962, pl. 5: figs. 12,
13) as B. cf. B. crosskeyana is undoubtedly B. gerda. However, the
form identified as B. crosskeyana Brady by Puri (1960, p. 130, pl. 6,
figs. 11, 12) is a distinct though related species more closely allied
with such species as NV. dinochelata and N. parilihamata.
Bairdia longisetosa Brady, 1902, described from St. Thomas I., is
very similar to B. gerda in outline views, and examination of syntype
or topotype material might very likely establish their synonymity.
The specimen identified and illustrated by Bold (1966, p. 45, pl. 2:
fig. 7a,b) as B. longisetosa Brady from Colon Harbor, Panama, for
which both B. crosskeyana Brady of Puri (1960) and B. gerda Benson
and Coleman are listed as synonyms, is more elongate and of more
sinuous outline, especially in the right valve; it more closely resembles
N. gierloffi (Hartmann).
N. gierlofii (Hartmann), 1959, described from the Pacific coast of
El Salvador, has a much more elongate and sinuous carapace outline
and slightly different distal outline of the male copulatory organ. It
is presumably closely related.
Neonesidea antonbruuna, new species
FIGuRE 80-r
Erymo.tocy.—For the Research Vessel Anton Bruun, whose cruises
were a major part of the U.S. Program in Biology of the International
Indian Ocean Expedition.
TYPE sPEcIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121261; paratypes
USNM 121262.
TypE Locauity.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 381B, near Walter-
son Shoal.
DiaGcnosis.—Carapace small, elongate, and streamlined; anterior
margin of right valve minutely serrate, of left valve smooth; posterior
margin of right valve smooth, of left valve denticulate. Muscle-scar
pattern composed of 3 rows of 2 elongate scars each and an inserted
wedge of 2 scars. Copulatory organ of male with projecting rodlike
distal piece.
Mareriau.—Ten living specimens and 40 subfossil specimens at
Anton Bruun station 381B.
Dimenstons.—Adult male USNM 121261, left valve, length 0.69
mm, height 0.40 mm; right valve, length 0.68 mm, height 0.35 mm.
AFFINITIES.—This is just one of a very widespread complex of
forms with this general carapace shape and muscle-scar pattern.
Neonesidea cracenticlavula, new species
Figure 8a-n
Erymotocy.—Latin cracens, slender + clavulus, diminutive of
nail.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 27
Ficure 8.—A-N, Neonesidea cracenticlavula, n. sp.; O-R, N. antonbruuna, n. sp.: A-D,G,
H,J,K, Male USNM 121263; E,F,I,L-N, female USNM 121264; O-R, male holotype,
USNM 121261.
A,B,E,F, Carapace exteriors; C, muscle-scar pattern; D, furca; G,H,O, copulatory
organs; I-K, R, antennae; L, first thoracic leg; M, third thoracic leg; N, second thoracic
leg; P,Q, carapace interiors. A,B,E,F, X 37; D,G,H,J,L-N, K 152; 1,K,0O,R, X 301;
P,Q, 50.
28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
TYPE SPECIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121263; allotype
female USNM 121264; paratypes USNM 121265, 121266.
Types LocaLity.—Anton Bruun cruise 8 station 403F.
Diacnosis.—Carapace highly rounded and only minimally caudate;
posterior margin of right valve fringed, of left valve denticulate,
enlarged terminal spine, anterior margins smooth; central and postero-
medial ovate opaque areas.
Antennal claw with anterior portion of hook tapered and much
the longer; thoracic legs and claws excessively long and thin; furca
with only six setae, setae 1 and 4 of equal length and longer than
seta 3, seta 5 shorter, seta 6 shorter still, seta 2 unfeathered; distal
lobe of male copulatory organ curved subtriangular in outline, pene-
trated near its tip by pointed end of lamellar support for copulatory
tube.
MateriaL.—Three living specimens and 23 subfossil specimens
from Anton Bruun stations 371G and 403F.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121263, left valve, length 0.95
mm, height 0.59 mm; right valve, length 0.95 mm, height 0.57 mm.
Adult female USNM 121264, left valve, length 0.94 mm, height
0.62 mm; right valve, length 0.90 mm, height 0.57 mm.
Distripution.— Mozambique Channel near Mozambique.
Neonesidea arenigena, new species
FIGURE 9
Erymo.tocy.—Latin arena, sand + -genus, living in.
TYPE spEcIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121267; allotype
female USNM 121268; paratypes USNM 121269-121270.
TYPE LocaLity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 166 (13°38’5’’ S,
47°51’ EK, depth 23 m; dredge sample near Nosy Iranja).
Diacnosis.—All carapace margins smooth, exterior completely
smooth, rounded subdeltoid in lateral view, muscle scars compactly
grouped into 4 wedge-shaped clusters.
Both points of antennal claw bluntly rounded, anterior one slightly
longer; furca with 7 setae, setae 5, 6, and 7 extremely short; copula-
tory organ foreshortened, terminal lobe blunt, not penetrated by
copulatory tube.
Marertau.—Nosy Bé; 5 living specimens, 387 subfossil specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121267, left valve, length 0.80
mm, height 0.53 mm; right valve, length 0.79 mm, height 0.44 mm.
Adult female USNM 121268, left valve, length 0.74 mm, height
0.48 mm; right valve, length 0.74 mm, height 0.36.
Hasitat.—This is the only bairdian species consistently collected
living in sandy sediments around Nosy Bé (twice in shallow-water
dredgings, once in sand-impregnated loose alga at low tide level).
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 29
v= a s an
= eo.
“WV . =>
Ci G
P ) ee
Ficure 9.—Neonesidea arenigena, n. sp. A-C,F,G,I,J, female USNM 121268; D,E,H
holotype male USNM 121267; K, male USNM 121269.
A, B, D, E, Carapace exteriors; C, muscle-scar pattern; F, third thoracic leg; G, second,
thoracic leg; H, copulatory organ and furca; I, first thoracic leg; J, K, antennae. A,B,D,
Bap ite Galax 152s Heiko SOlk
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé, present in shallow-water car-
bonate sands near reefs, but reaching greatest abundance in quartz-
carbonate sandy muds offshore and away from reefs at depths of
10-30 m.
AFFINITIES.—The left valve lateral outline and copulatory organ
are very similar to those illustrated for N. incognita (Lerner-Seggev) :
distally pointed antennal claw, a striate posteromarginal fringe on the
right valve, and two very tiny proximal setae forming a total of 6
furcal setae.
327-237 O—69—3
30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Neonesidea aduncicorpulenta, new species
Ficure 10b-f
Erymo.toey.—Latin aduncus, hooked + corpulenta.
TYPE sPECIMENS.—Holotype male USNM 121271; paratypes
USNM 121272.
TyPE Locauity.—In a calcareous alga at Ambatoloaka, near low
tide level, sample 384; Nosy Bé, Madagascar.
Diacnosis.—Denticulate left valve margins, frilled right valve
margins, numerous tiny pits imparting plushy appearance to exterior,
slightly concave anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins, inflated
medial portion, horizontal venter. Distal antennal claw of male with
Ficure 10.—A, Neonesidea sp. 2, USNM 121285; B-F, N. aduncicorpulenta, n. sp., male
USNM 121271. A,E,F, Carapace interiors; B, copulatory organ and furca; C, antenna,
D, first thoracic leg. A, X 29; B-D, X 152; E,F, X 50.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 31
graceful slender hook; copulatory organ with distal part large and
swollen, perforated by copulatory tube and carrying small dorso-
distal seta.
MartertaLt.—Nosy Bé; one living male, 100 subfossil specimens.
Dimenstons.—Adult male USNM 121271, left valve, length 0.80
mm, height 0.45 mm; right valve, length 0.79 mm, height 0.41 mm.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Fairly common in shallow carbonate
sands, especially near reefs, at Nosy Bé, Madagascar.
AFFINITIES.—The carapace of this species seems very similar to
that illustrated by Miller (1894) for Bairdia corpulenta Miiller,
reported from the Bay of Naples and Marseilles regions, and it is
possible that the Nosy Bé form is a subspecies of the Mediterranean
species. However, Miiller states that both sexes of B. corpulenta lack
the bifid hook on the distal antennal claw and have only one ventral
seta of branchial plate of first thoracic leg segregated and strengthened.
These anomalous characters, combined with the different termination
of the copulatory organ, suggest sufficient distinction to justify sepa-
rating the Nosy Bé form as a new species.
Neonesidea parilihamata, new species
FiIaureE 11
Erymo.toey.—Latin parilis, equal + hamatus, hooked.
TYPE sPECIMENS.—Holotype adult male USNM 121273; allotype
female USNM 121274; paratypes USNM 121275-121276.
Type Loca.tity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 045 (washings of
a dead coral fragment overgrown with a tunicate, three sponges,
and annelid worm burrows, among patch reefs just below low tide
level at Ambariobe).
Diacnosis.—Carapace small, smooth, swollen, ventrally flattened,
lateral outline approaching rhomboidal, muscle-scar pattern elongated
diagonally to 4 linear aggregates, inner lamella brown, posteroventral
margin of left valve finely denticulate, all other margins smooth.
Distal antennal claw of male with both points of hook slender and of
equal size, female with smoothly tapering claw having tiny anterior
barb; distal part of copulatory organ very long, lamellar, curved,
bearing a conspicuous seta distally; penetrated at midlength by
pointed tip of triangular copulatory tube support.
MarertaL.—Nosy Bé; 8 living specimens, 12 fossil specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121273, left valve, length 0.61
mm, height 0.36 mm; right valve length 0.60 mm, height 0.38 mm.
Adult female USNM 121274, left valve, length 0.63 mm, height
0.37 mm; right valve, length 0.62 mm, height 0.35 mm.
Hasitat.—Nosy Bé; crawling on sponges, corals, and other sessile
invertebrates just below low tide level at Ambariobe.
2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 11.—WNeonesidea parilihamata, n. sp.: A, D-G, Male USNM 121275; B,C,H;
female USNM 121274; I-K, holotype USNM 121273.
A, Copulatory organ and furca; B, C, carapace interiors; D, third thoracic leg; E,
second thoracic leg; F, first thoracic leg; G, H, antennae; I, J, carapace exteriors; K,
muscle-scar pattern. A,G,H, X 301; B,C,I,J, X 50; D-F, x 75; K, X 86.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIRUTION.—Infrequent in shallow-water carbonate
sands, near coral reefs, Nosy Bé.
AFFINITIES.—This carapace form and muscle-scar pattern are char-
acteristic also of N. dinochelata and N. species 1, whose soft parts,
however, fail to confirm a close relationship.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 33
Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker), 1961
FigurE 12f—m
Bairdia dinochelata Kornicker, 1961, p. 65, pl. 1: fig. 4a—d; fig. 81-o.
MarTeriaLt.—One male and one female with dried fragmentary
remains or appendages, in Bimini samples 22 and 93 of Kornicker.
Draaenosis.—Carapace small, smooth, brown, highly domed with
flat venter, left valve much larger than right; muscle-scar pattern
much elongated diagonally, often appearing as only 4 long scars.
Numerous very thin radial pore canals.
Copulatory organ with trough-like oblong bilamellar distal seg-
ment, rectangular in outline; copulatory tube moderately long and
curved, not piercing distal segment, reinforced medially and distally
by lobate projection of median segment; median segment bears
distally a conoid projection with a short terminal seta. Furca with 7
setae, setae 5, 6, and 7 extremely short.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121277, left valve, length
0.82 mm, height 0.44; right valve, length 0.72 mm, height 0.39 mm.
Adult female USNM 121278, left valve, length 0.78 mm, height
0.47 mm; right valve, length 0.79 mm, height 0.44.
AFFINITIES.—This aberrant furcal type is also displayed in N.
arenigena as well as in Triebelina sertata; the carapace shape and
muscle-scar pattern are those of the group also containing N. paril-
thamata and N. arenigena.
Neonesidea species 1
FIGURE 12a-—e
MareriaL.—Anton Bruun station 412L, one living male.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121279, left valve, length 0.76
mm, height 0.39 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The carapace shape and muscle-scar pattern are
those of the group to which N. dinochelata and N. parilihamata also
belong. The copulatory tube, median distal segments of copulatory
organ, and furca are very much foreshortened and of rotund propor-
tions. Such structures are known elsewhere only in Bairdia reticulata
Miiller, 1894; a presumably unrelated form. Left valve has single
terminal spine, other margins are smooth.
Neonesidea tenera (Brady), 1886
PLATE 2: FIGURE 4
Bairdia tenera Brady, 1886, p. 304, pl. 39: figs. 13-15 (probably not Brady,
1890, p. 493, pl. 1: figs. 11-12.—Chapman, 1902, p. 422).
Bairdia inornata A. Scott, 1905, p. 372, pl. 1: figs. 11, 12 (not Bairdia inornata
T. Scott, 1894, p. 136, pl. 14: figs. 40, 41).
34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 12.—Neonesidea sp. 1: A-E, Male USNM 121279. N. dinochelata (Kornicker)
F, I, J, Male USNM 121277; G, H, K—-M, female USNM 121278.
A, Furca; B, H, antennae; C, carapace exterior; D-F, copulatory organs; G, copulatory
organ and furca; I-L, carapace interiors, some with radial pore canals and pigmentation;
M, genital lobe. A,B,D-H,M, X 301; C,I-L, x 50.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE a0
DiaGnosis.—Carapace strongly compressed, with distinctly punc-
tate exterior; posteroventral margin of left valve denticulate, others
apparently smooth; anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins very
slightly concave, posterior end slightly caudate.
Mareriau.—A single subfossil carapace (USNM 121280) in inter-
tidal sand at station LK-12, Galle, Ceylon.
DistriBuTION.—Described by Brady and A. Scott from Ceylon
and the Gulf of Manaar; probably not the same species reported by
Brady and Chapman from Samoa, Fiji, and Funafuti (= N. pateri-
formis, new species).
AFFINITIES.—Neonesidea pateriformis, new species, is_ similarly
compressed but without any angles or concave segments in lateral
outline, without any caudate termination.
Neonesidea pateriformis, new species
Figures 13-15
Bairdia tenera Brady, Brady, 1890, p. 493, pl. 1: figs. 11-12—Chapman, 1902,
p. 422.
Species BC, Maddocks, 1966, p. 47, fig. 23.
Erymo.tocy.—Latin patera, saucer + forma, shape.
TYPE sPECIMENS.—Holotype adult male USNM 121281; allotype
female USNM 121282; paratypes USNM 121283-121284, 98553
(specimen 464), 98547 (specimen 463).
TypE LocaLiry.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 523 (washings of a
green alga encrusting on rocks at low tide level at Navetsy).
D1aenosis.—Carapace entirely smooth, lateral outline almost per-
fectly symmetrical without angles or posterior caudation, venter only
very slightly sinuate. Posteroventral margins of both valves with
numerous minute denticles. Color nearly uniformly dark brown
centrally, margins clear.
MatTertIAL.—Nosy Bé; 14 living specimens, 24 subfossil specimens.
Tfalik Atoll; 14 living specimens.
Mombasa, Kenya; single living specimens in samples LK-28 and
LK-29.
Hasirat.—Nosy Bé; on algae, dead coral fragments, and other
attached invertebrates and in associated sand in reef and platform
environments.
DistripuTIon.—Nosy Bé, Ifalik Atoll, Mombasa.
Reported (as B. tenera) by Brady at Somoa and Fiji, and by
Chapman near Funafuti.
Dimenstons.—Adult male USNM 121281 from Nosy Bé, left
valve, length 0.79 mm, height 0.46 mm; right valve, length 0.80 mm,
height 0.42 mm.
36 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 13.—Neonesidea pateriformis, n. sp. A,B,E,G,H, Male USNM 121281; C,D,F,
female USNM 121282.
A-D, Carapace exteriors; E, brush-shaped structure; F, genital lobe; G, furca; H,
copulatory organ. A-D, X 49; E, X 472; F-H, x 301.
Adult female USNM 121282 from Nosy Bé, left valve, length 0.79
mm, height 0.47 mm; right valve, length 0.79 mm, height 0.44 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The carapaces of the Ifalik Atoll specimens are in-
distinguishable from those of the Indian Ocean localities, although
some minor differences are apparent in the male copulatory organs.
Possibly these should be separated as subspecies.
Neonesidea species 2
Figure 10a
MarTeErtAL.—Nosy Bé, one female living, 205 subfossil specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult female USNM 121285, left valve, length 1.04
mm, height 0.68 mm; right valve, length 1.02 mm, height 0.60 mm.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 37
Ficure 14.—Neonesidea pateriformis, n. sp. A, B, E, Male USNM 121281; C, D, female
USNM 121282.
A, C, Antennae; B,D, antennules; E, mandible. A,B,E, X 301; C,D, X 127.
38 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 15.—Neonesidea pateriformis, n. sp. A-C,E,F, Male USNM 121281; D, female
USNM 121282.
A, Second thoracic leg; B, third thoracic leg; C,D, first thoracic legs; E,F, maxillae.
A-G. x 236; D, xX 127> Bs 301. F< 201
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 39
Hasirat.—One specimen was collected living in a soft clay with
oyster fragments at 25 m depth west of the Sambirano River delta in
the Baie d’Ampasindava, near Nosy Bé, Madagascar.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé; common and _ sometimes
abundant in shallow-water carbonate sands and sandy muds, particu-
larly near reefs.
Remarks.—The smooth, streamlined carapace with angulate lateral
outline belongs to an extremely common morphologic type. The
material on hand, though numerous, is not sufficiently distinctive to
be diagnosed reliably.
Paranesidea, new genus
EtrymoLocy.—Greek para, near + Nesidea.
Typx-spEcIEs.—Paranesidea fracticorallicola, new species.
Diaenosis.—Carapace with broadly arched dorsum and more or
less concave anterodorsal and posterodorsal segments, punctate;
anterior and posterior margins of right valve spinose, of left valve
frilled; muscle-scar pattern with eight or more subcircular scars
compactly arranged rosette-fashion.
Antenna with distal claw smooth, anterodistal seta thin, fused claw
serrate; vibratory plate of first thoracic leg with four unfeathered setae
segregated proximally, of equal or diminishing lengths; furca with 6
setae, setae 5 and 6 very much shorter than others; copulatory organ
massive, with strongly chitinized conical or digitiform distal projec-
tions, copulatory tube stout and nearly straight.
Derscription.—Carapace robust, more or less inequivalved, exterior
punctate; left valve subovate in lateral outline with highly arched
dorsal margin, may have slightly concave posterodorsal segment, both
anterior and posterior ends broadly rounded, ventral margin straight
and curving upward anteriorly and posteriorly; right valve with
distinctly 3-segmented dorsal margin showing pronounced angles and
more or less concave segments near the two ends, especially produced
posterior end, ventral margin very slightly indented, anterior end
broadly and obliquely rounded, posterior end rather caudate. Anterior
and posterior margins of left valve with many small spines, of left
valve with very wide but usually ragged striate frills. Hinge elements
thick but simple, smooth. Muscle-scar pattern basically consisting of
8 scars in 3 horizontal to arcuate rows; individual scars are oblong to
subcircular in shape and rows are closely spaced; net effect is a compact
oval rosette or frequently a nearly complete circle of 7 scars surround-
ing interior 8th scar. Carapace of many species is basically transparent
or translucent with an exceedingly complicated pattern of irregular
but consistent opaque areas, each species having its own peculiar
pattern.
40 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295:
Figure 16.—Paranesidea fracticorallicola, n. sp. A,B,D,G,H, Male USNM 121287;
C, female USNM 121289; E,F,I, female USNM 121288.
A, First thoracic leg; B, C, antennae; D,E,H,I, carapace exterior, lateral; F,G, dorsal.
A, X 201; B, X 236; C, X 152; D-I, xX 43.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 4]
Antenna quite robust, fifth podomere no more than twice as long
as fourth; distal claw smooth and simply tapering in both sexes;
anterodistal seta short and thin in male, long but thin in female; fused
claw of sixth podomere conspicuously serrate or even pectinate in
male, finely but visibly serrate in female. Vibratory plate of first
thoracic leg with the four unfeathered setae segregated proximally, of
equal or diminishing lengths; thoracic legs with podomere 4 no more
than twice as long as podomere 5. Furca with 6 setae, setae 5 and 6
extremely tiny. Copulatory organ variable in form but generally very
massive, with great hemicircular median lobe, smaller oblong or
globose distal lobe, the junction between these lobes usually obscure;
having one or more very strongly chitinized conical or digitiform
projections, other less sharply defined swellings, and/or setae; copu-
latory tube rather short but stout, may be curved in sigmoid fashion
or nearly straight, without long flexible continuation.
SPECIES INCLUDED.—Recent species whose soft parts have been
described, listed by original binomen:
Bairdia arostrata Kornicker, 1961
Bairdia gigacantha Kornicker, 1961
Bairdia harpago Kornicker, 1961
Paranesidea algicola, new species
Paranesidea cheroconcha, new species
Paranesidea fracticorallicola, new species
Paranesidea spongicola, new species
Ecotocy.—This, the second most abundant group of ‘‘Bairdia”’
species, is abundantly represented in tropical faunas. These species
are characteristic of very shallow water, chiefly inhabiting the surfaces
of algae, sponges, corals, coralline detritus, and associated marine
organisms on coral reefs and in nearby inner sublittoral environments.
They are apparently absent from intertidal and other variably saline
conditions. The two abyssal species assigned below to Paranesidea do
not conform to this genus in either morphology or ecology and would
better be relegated to a new genus.
DistriputTion.—Of bairdian species whose soft parts are known,
only those described by Kornicker (1961) from the Bahamas can
definitely be assigned to Paranesidea.
AFFINITIES.—The carapace and appendage anatomy of this group
is essentially continuous with that of Triebelina, and it is, in fact,
difficult to know how or where to define a boundary between the two
genera on appendage criteria alone. In part this difficulty arises from
the lack of described male specimens of Triebelina. The rough texture
and subquadrate carapace outline of Triebelina represent extreme
development of the tendency toward robust punctate carapace in
Paranesidea.
42 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 17.—Paranesidea fracticorallicola, n. sp.:A,B, Male USNM 121287; C,D, male
USNM 121290.,
A, Mandible, X 301; B, copulatory organ and furca, X 201; C,D, carapace interiors,
aps
Two species from the abyssal fauna, P. albatrossa, new species, and
P. species 1, assigned below to Paranesidea, conform superficially to
the diagnosis of this genus in carapace shape, muscle-scar pattern,
and what is known of their appendage anatomy. However, their very
large and robust carapaces, entirely without any patterned differenti-
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 43
ation into transparent and opaque areas, and their subdivided muscle
scars, sometimes rather macrocypridid in aspect, when combined with
their very different ecologic requirements, present a rather alien aspect.
When better material is available, it is certain that they will be more
comfortably accommodated in a separate genus.
Paranesidea fracticorallicola, new species
Figures 16-18; Puats 1: riaures 5, 6
Erymo.toey.—Latin fractus, broken+corallum, coral+--cola, dweller.
TyPE spEcIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121287; allotype
USNM 121288; paratypes USNM 121289-121293.
Type Locautity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 196 (washings of
Enteromorpha-like alga at low tide level of the beach at Ambariobe).
Draenosis.—Carapace robust, inflated, left valve in lateral view
with broadly arched dorsal margin, greatest height located slightly
behind midlength, greatest thickness located near venter, surface
very gently pitted.
Copulatory organ with median and terminal lobes inseparable,
apparently fused; with stout curved conical process arising laterally
at their junction; terminal lobe smooth, pigmented, and mushroom-
shaped distally; copulatory tube thin and straight, ending in short
loop.
Mareriau.—Nosy Bé; 48 living specimens, 400 subfossil specimens.
Anton Bruun station 412C, one living male.
Hasitat.—Nosy Bé; moderately common on calcareous and non-
calcareous algae and accumulations of dead coral fragments near low
tide level on the back-reef platform and lower beach.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé; abundantly distributed in
sands and sandy muds from beaches, reefs, and offshore depths to
30 m.
DimeEnstons.—Adult male USNM 121287, left valve, length
0.92 mm, height 0.54 mm; right valve, length 0.92 mm, height
0.46 mm.
Adult female USNM 121288, left valve, length 1.02 mm, height
0.62 mm; right valve, length 1.02 mm, height 0.56 mm.
Paranesidea harpago (Kornicker), 1961
Figure 19
Bairdia harpago Kornicker, 1961, p. 63, pl. 1: fig. la—b; fig. 7a—s.
Marteriau.—Three living and recently dead adult males from
Bahamas samples 132, 201, and Andros 110; 4 adult females.
DisrriputTion.—Bahamas.
DimeEnstons.—Adult male USNM 121294, left valve, length
1.07 mm, height 0.74 mm; right valve, length 1.05 mm, height 0.64 mm.
44 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 18.—Paranesidea fracticorallicola, n. sp.: A,E, Male USNM 121291; B,D,F, male
USNM 121 287; C, female USNM 121289.
A, Antennule; B, second thoracic leg; C, genital lobe; D, maxilla; E, brush-shaped
organ; F, third thoracic leg. AE, X 127; B,F, X 201; C, X 152; D, X 301.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295, PLATE 1
Ficures 1, 2, Paranesidea species 3, USNM 121321; 3, 4, Paranesidea species 4, USNM
121323, USNM 121322; 5, 6, Paranesidea fracticorallicola, new species, USNM 121291;
7, 8, Paranesidea algicola, new species, USNM 121299; 9, 10, Paranesidea spongicola,
new species, USNM 121302.
esa -
«tae Ae
; is, pane i ag
“Mi ae
oe
7 |
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295, PLATE 2
Ficures 1, 2, Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata?) hirsuta (Brady), USNM 121355; 3, Triebelina
bradyi Triebel, USNM 121325; 4, Neonesidea tenera (Brady), USNM 121280; 5, 6,
Triebelina reticulopuncta Benson, USNM 113123; 7, 8, Triebelina schyroconcha, new
species, USNM 121322, USNM 121331; 9, 10, Triebelina sertata Triebel, USNM 121328.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 45
Ficure 19.—Paranesidea harpago (Kornicker), male USMN 121294.
A,B, Carapace interiors; C, copulatory organ and furca; D, third thoracic leg; E,
second thoracic leg; F, antenna: G, first thoracic leg. A,B, X 29; C-G, * 152.
Paranesidea gigacantha (Kornicker), 1961
FI@uRE 20
Bairdia gigacantha Kornicker, 1961, p. 62, pl. 1: fig. 2a-c; figs. 6a—-s, 10a, pb.
Bairdia victrix Brady of Benson and Coleman, 1964, p. 17, pl. 2: figs. 4-10; fig. 6.
MateriaLt.—One male recently dead and several females in Ba-
hamas sample 132. Two females recently dead in Florida Bay sample
23.
DisTRIBUTION.—Bahamas, Florida Bay.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121296, left valve, length 0.90
mm, height 0.57 mm; right valve, length 0.88 mm, height 0.52 mm.
327-237 O—69-—_4
46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 20.—Paranesidea gigacantha (Kornicker), male USNM 121296.
A, Antenna; B,C, carapace exteriors; D, furca; E, copulatory organ. A,D, & 152;
BCs bea Ole
AFFINITIES.—The females of the Florida Bay assemblage are con-
siderably larger than those from the Bahamas but have very similar
shape, marginal denticulation, and opaque pattern. ‘“Bairdia” victrix
Brady, 1869, is more produced at anterior and posterior ends.
Paranesidea arostrata (Kornicker)
FIGURE 21
Bairdia arostrata Kornicker, 1961, p. 65, pl. 1: fig. 8a—b; 8a—H.
MarteriAu.—Paratype male specimen 122C—1 from Bahamas.
DistrRIBUTION.—Bahamas.
AFFINITIES.—No other species has been described with a copula-
tory organ having a bifurcate and otherwise structureless terminal
lobe. However, its median lobe and sigmoid copulatory tube are
typical of Paranesidea, as are the other appendage characters and the
carapace.
Paranesidea algicola, new species
FIGURES 22-24; PuaTE 1: FIGURES 7, 8
EryMoLtocy.—Latin alga, seaweed + cola, dweller.
TYPE SPECIMENS.—Holotype male USNM 121299; allotype female
USNM 121300; paratypes USNM 121301.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 47
>
Figure 21.—Paranesidea arostrata (Kornicker), paratype male specimen 122C-1.
A, Third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, first thoracic leg; D, antennal claws;
E, copulatory organ and furca. A-C, X 152; D,E, X 301.
TyprE LocaLity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 446 (washings of
a green alga at low tide level of the beach at Antsakoabe).
Diacnosis.—Carapace rather compressed and especially so mar-
ginally, with the break in slope between marginal and medial surface
areas visible as a subtly sulcate shadow, greatest height located
slightly behind midlength, greatest thickness median, posterior end
slightly caudate.
Copulatory organ with oblong median lobe, subquadrangular
terminal lobe bearing ventrodistal finger-like projection; copulatory
tube curved in shallow sigmoid fashion, apparently penetrating
distal lobe.
Mareriau.—Nosy Bé; 59 living specimens, 116 subfossil specimens.
Hasirat.—Nosy Bé; common on many varieties of calcareous
and noncalcareous algae near low tide level on the back-reef platform,
also on coralline detritus.
48 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295:
Figure 22.—Paranesidea algicola, n. sp.: A,C,D, Female USNM 121300; B,E-H, male
USNM 121299.
A, Maxilla, X 301; B, carapace dorsal view, X 43; C,F, carapace exteriors, X 43;
G,H, carapace interiors, & 75.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 49
Ficure 23.—Paranesidea algicola, n. sp.: A-C,F, Male USNM 121299; D,E, female USNM
121300.
A, Third thoracic leg: B,D, antennae; C,F, antennules; E, mandible. A-E, X 301;
152.
50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295:
Ficure 24.—Paranesidea algicola, n. sp.: A-C,E, Male USNM 121299; D, female USNM
121300.
A, First thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, brush-shaped organ; D, genital lobe;
E, copulatory organ and furca. All X 301.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE a
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé, moderately common in car-
bonate beach, reef, and platform sands.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121299, left valve, length 0.75
mm, height 0.46 mm; right valve, length 0.76 mm, height 0.40 mm.
Adult female USNM 121300, left valve, length 0.86 mm, height
0.53 mm; right valve, length 0.83 mm, height 0.42 mm.
Paranesidea spongicola, new species
FicuREsS 25-26; PLATE 1: FIGURES 9, 10
Erymo.tocy.—Latin spongia, sponge + -cola, dweller.
TyPE sPECIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121302; allotype
USNM 121303; paratypes USNM 121304-121305.
Typr LocaLtiry.—Washings of dead coral and shell fragments
from coral patch reef talus at Pointe Lokobe, Nosy Bé, Madagascar
(sample 373).
Diagnosis.—Carapace with highly arched dorsum, left valve
approximately symmetrical in lateral view, greatest height located
midlength, greatest thickness located at midheight, exterior abun-
dantly covered with distinct circular pits, largest in median area.
Copulatory organ with simple lobate terminal part bearing 1 or 2
vestigial projections, copulatory tube strong and gently arched.
Marteriau.—Nosy Bé, 17 living specimens 433 subfossil specimens.
Comores: one male living at LK-39, Mayotte I.
Hasirat.—Nosy Bé, sporadically encountered in a great variety
of shallow-water epifaunal niches, crawling on algae, dead coral
fragments, living corals and sponges, in the reef and back-reef zones.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé, abundant and nearly ubiq-
uitous in shallow-water sediments, especially reef-derived sands.
Dimensions.—Adult male specimen USNM 121302, left valve,
length 0.82 mm, height 0.54 mm; right valve, length 0.81 mm, height,
0.48 mm.
Adult female USNM 121303, left valve, length 0.91 mm, height
0.63 mm; right valve, length 0.87 mm, height 0.53 mm.
AFFINITIES.—This is an extremely common morphologic type, and
forms with similar carapaces are found in most shallow-water tropical
assemblages.
Paranesidea ? cheroconcha, new species
FIGuRE 27c, d, 2
Erymotocy.—Greek cher, hedgehog +konche, shell.
TYPE sPECIMENS.—Holotype adult female specimen USNM
121306; paratypes USNM 121307—-121308.
TYPE LocaLity.—Anton Brunn cruise 7 station 372P.
o2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
A-D, Male USNM 121302; E,F, female
Figure 25.—Paranesidea spongicola, n. sp.:
USNM 121303.
A,B, Carapace interiors; C, copulatory organ and furca; D, maxilla; E,F, carapace
ExXtenors. Ayo, babe Gi4 5-1 De a0)e
DiaGnosis.—Carapace exterior with abundant fine pits and bearing
rather numerous small spines, these located mainly in anterior,
posterior, and ventral regions and absent from the dorsomedian and
median areas. Posterior siphonate indentation of selvage very con-
spicuous on both valves. Anterior and posterior margins of both
valves with striate frill. Muscle-scar pattern as usual for the genus;
anterior to adductor scars is a conspicuous raised crescentic projection
similar to the fulcral point found in some Cytheraceans.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 53
Ficure 26.—Paranesidea spongicola, n. sp., male USNM 121302.
A, Third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, first thoracic leg; D, mandible; E,
antenna; F, antennule. A-C, X 201; D, X 301; E, X 236; F, X 127.
o4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 27.—Paranesidea sp. 1: A, USNM 121315; B, USNM 121316. Paranesidea ?
cheroconcha, n. sp.: C,D,I, female USNM 121306. B. (Bairdoppilata?) sp. 3: E, USNM
121362; F, USNM 121360; G, USNM 121361; H, USNM 121359.
A-H, Carapace interiors, < 29; I, distal antennal claws, X 301.
Fused claw of fifth antennal podomere not serrate.
MarertAu.—Two recently dead females from Anton Bruun station
372P and one from 403F. The dried appendages are fragmentary and
yield little information.
Dimensions.—Adult female specimen USNM 121306, left valve,
length 1.03 mm, height 0.67 mm; right valve, length 1.04 mm, height
0.65 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The single specimen from Anton Bruun 403F is
much less abundantly tuberculate, having spines distributed only
near the free margins. The raised fulcral point is a structure not yet
seen in any other species of Bairdiidae.
Paranesidea ?albatrossa, new species
FIGURE 287-—m
Erymo.tocy.—For the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross, whose
worldwide sediment collections have contributed valuable assemblages
of abyssal ostracodes.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 5b
Type spECIMENS.—Holotype specimen USNM 121309; paratypes
USNM 121310-121314.
TypE LocaLity.—Albatross station 2751.
Diacnosis.—Surface smooth with widely spaced tiny normal pore
eanal pits. Left valve rounded subtriangular in lateral view, right
valve more nearly trapezoidal. Well preserved specimens have tiny
marginal denticles on both valves, most specimens are more or less
abraded with smooth margins. Typical form with dorsal rows of
adductor muscle-scar pattern divided into 3 scars each and separated
by a gap; ventral scars also tend toward further subdivision.
MatTeErIAL.—One female living at USNM, Acc. No. 271766; 319
subfossil specimens at Albatross stations 2385, 2392, 2751, 2808, 3376,
and at Anton Bruun stations 360B, 363G,J,K, 367D, 368C, 369G,
J, 397D, 400B, 407.
Dimensions.—Left valve specimen USNM 121310, length 1.39 mm,
height 0.98 mm.
Right valve specimen USNM 121311, length 1.48 mm, height
0.98 mm.
Left valve specimen USNM 121309, length 1.40 mm, height
0.90 mm.
Right valve specimen USNM 121312, length 1.40 mm, height
0.87 mm.
AFFINITIES.—While it may seem improbable that so widespread a
form should not have been described previously, I cannot find any
illustrated species with which to identify it. I suspect that specimens
of this form might have been recorded as Bairdia victriz Brady by
Brady (1880), Chapman (1910), and Tressler (1954), but cannot
prove this.
Bairdia subcircinata Brady and Norman, described from the North
Atlantic and (as B. formosa Brady) from various Challenger dredgings,
is relatively higher in lateral view and has tiny spinose tubercles on
the lateral surface.
Bairdia subdeltoidea conformis Terquem of Colalongo (1965),
described from the Plio-Pleistocene of Calabria, has smooth margins
on both valves and a more upturned posterior angle in left valve, also
apparently has denticulate hingement.
Mozambique Channel specimens are generally higher in proportion
to length and display a conspicuously different muscle-scar arrange-
ment (Figure 281, m); however, there exists such a diversity of form in
this population that some specimens cannot be distinguished reliably
from the western population. For the time being, the populations from
the Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, and Mozambique Channel are identified
with the Caribbean species.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
56
Figure 28.—Paranesidea sp. 4: A, USNM 121322; B, USNM 121323. P. sp. 3: C-I, male
USNM 121321. P. ? albatrossa, n. sp.: J, USNM 121309; K, USNM 121312; L, USNM
121310; M, USNM 121311.
A,B,D,E,J-M, Carapace interiors; C, antenna; F, copulatory organ and furca; G,
first thoracic leg; H, third thoracic leg; I, second thoracic leg. A-D, * 29; E,G, «152; F,
HI, X 127; J-M, X 29.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 57
The more complex muscle-scar divisions, lack of differentiated
opaque pattern, and huge size suggest that this species or species
complex should be removed to a new genus. Until better preserved
material can be studied, this form is temporarily assigned to
Paranesidea.
Paranesidea? species 1
FIGURE 27a, }
MarerraL.—From Anton Bruun stations 380A, C, 160 subfossil
specimens.
DistTRiBuTION.—Walterson Shoal, depths 935 and 950 m.
Dimensions.—Specimen USNM 121315, left valve, length 1.31 mm,
height 0.86 mm.
Specimen USNM 121316, right valve, length 1.29 mm, height 0.78
mm.
Remarxks.—This form is characterized by considerable ventral
inflation, nearly symmetrical lateral outlines with caudate posterior,
broadly arched dorsal margin in left valve, denticulate margins, and
smooth exterior with tiny normal pore canal pits. The two top rows
of the adductor muscle-scar pattern are divided into 3 scars rather
than two and separated somewhat; the resulting configuration has a
rather macrocypridid aspect. For this and other reasons summarized
above, this form should be assigned with P. ? albatrossa, new species,
to a new genus rather than Paranesidea.
Paranesidea species 2
FIGURE 29
MatTERIAL.—Two adult males and one female recently dead at
Anton Bruun station 421A.
DistriBpuTion.—Near Mombasa, Kenya; depth 34 m.
Dimensions.—Adult male specimen USNM 121318, left valve,
length 0.90 mm, height 0.61 mm; right valve, length 0.90 mm, height
0.55 mm.
Adult female specimen USNM 121319, left valve, length 0.85 mm,
height 0.55 mm; right valve, length 0.85 mm, height 0.54 mm.
Remarks.—Conspicuous characters of this form include the com-
plicated opaque pattern, marginal denticles of right valve, and
striate frills of left valve. Its shape and size are very like P. spon-
gicola, new species, from which it differs by its smooth exterior,
different opaque pattern, and less caudate posterior.
Paranesidea species 3
FIGURE 28 c-7; PLATE 1: FIGURES lI, 2
MarTeriALt.—One adult male living at Ghardaqua, Egypt, in
washings of algae at low tide level (sample HA-33).
58 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 29.—Paranesidea sp. 2: A,B,E-H,J,K, Female USNM 121319; C,D, male USNM
121318; I, male USNM 121320.
A-D, Carapace exteriors; E, third thoracic leg; F, second thoracic leg; G, furca; H,
first thoracic leg; I, fragmentary copulatory organ; J, muscle-scar pattern; K, antenna.
A-D, X 37; E,F,H,I, X 152; G,K, X 301.
DimeEnstons.—Adult male USNM 121321, left valve, length 0.70
mm, height 0.43 mm; right valve, length 0.69 mm, height 0.39 mm.
AFFINITIES.—Carapace very close in shape, size, and punctate
surface to P. algicola, new species, but not quite as high, left valve
with less steeply arched dorsal margin, lacking sulcate break in slope
between marginal and medial surface areas.
Paranesidea species 4
FIGURE 28 a, b; PLATE 1: FIGURES 3, 4
MarTeriau.—Nosy Bé; 10 subfossil specimens.
DimEnsions.—USNM 121322, left valve, length 0.74 mm, height
0.45 mm; USNM 1213238, right valve, length 0.75 mm, height 0.45
mm.
Distrisution.—Nosy Bé; rare in carbonate sands on the back-reef
platform.
}
| REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 59
Arriniries.—Carapace very similar to B. (Bairdoppilata) cra-
tericola, new species, but lacking bairdoppilatan hingement and
having a more exaggerated caudal process.
|
Genus Uncertain species 1
Figure 30
MarTer1AL.—One adult male living at Anton Bruun station 373F.
Diwensions.—Adult male specimen USNM 121324, left valve,
length 1.10 mm, height 0.72 mm; right valve, length 1.03 mm, height
0.65 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The appendage and genital characters (except for
the smoothly pointed antennal claw) are conformable with Néeo-
nesidea, but the carapace shape and marginal spines are those of
Ficure 30.—Genus Uncertain species 1; male USNM 121324.
A,B, Antennae; C, first thoracic leg; D, second thoracic leg; E,F, carapace interiors;
G, copulatory organ and furca.
60 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Paranesidea. It is very similar in these respects to Bairdia serrate
two species it differs by a much more steeply arched dorsum and b
the 6 furcal setae, all long (B. serrata has 5 long, 2 short; B. roque-
brunensis has 5 long, 3 short).
Triebelina van den Bold, 1946
Triebelina van den Bold, 1946, pp. 23, 73.—Triebel, 1948, p. 17.—van Morkhoven,l
1963, p. 34.
Typr-spEciEs.—Triebelina indopacifica van den Bold, 1946, p. 74 |
fig. 7s
Draanosis.—Carapace extremely robust and with exterior ornament.
of reticulation and usually other ridges and swellings, valves of)
distinctly different shape and ornament pattern; hinge elements ‘
smooth; muscle-scar pattern consists of 8 irregularly elongate scars -
arranged in 4 parallel diagonal rows.
Female antenna with anterodistal seta about two-thirds the length \
of distal claw and slightly thickened; 4 featherless setae of branchial
plate of first thoracic leg segregated proximally, the first one longest;
distal claws of antenna and legs tending to be barbed. |
Description.—Carapace more robust for its relatively small size °
than any other group of Bairdiidae, with left valve very much higher »
than right valve dorsally, of a more subquadrate shape, and with |
different lateral pattern of ornamental ridges. Lateral outline of left
valve varying from elongate-hexagonal to rhomboidal; right valve
with distinctly more produced posterior. Surface deeply pitted in |
reticulate arrangement, may also have dorsomarginal and ventrolateral —
thickened crests, nodes, and other swellings. Venter flattened, greatest
thickness located near venter. All margins generally edged with —
abundant thick spines. Hinge simple but deeply incised, all elements —
smooth. Muscle-scar pattern composed of 8 elongate scars of irregular
outline arranged in four evenly spaced parallel rows aligned diagonally
at an angle of as much as 45° in right valve, left pattern similar but
less steeply tilted and less distorted, showing more visibly its homol-
ogies with Paranesidea.
Appendage characters generally very similar to Paranesidea. Female
antenna with distal claw abruptly curved and barbed at its tip,
anterodistal seta two-thirds the length of distal claw and equal in
thickness to posterodistal seta of podomere 5, fused claw of podomere
6 smooth except for barbed tip. Thoracic legs of female fairly thick and
with distally barbed claws; 4 featherless setae of vibratory plate of
first leg segregated proximally, the first seta being slightly longer and
thicker than the others, which are of equal size. Some setae of maxillar
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 61
palp and processes barbed, none pectinate or profusedly feathered.
Known furcal types have 5 long and 2 short setae (7. bradyi) or 4
long and 3 short setae (7. sertata).
ArrinitiEs.—The soft-part anatomy is quite similar to that of
Paranesidea, which also has robust asymmetrical carapace with
marginal spines and exterior punctate surface. The antennal characters
(smooth fused claw and thickened anterodistal seta) represent an
approach toward the characteristic antennal features of Bairdoppilata.
Unfortunately, no males are included in the living material available
for T. sertata and T. bradyi, so that, while this is the first description
of Triebelina anatomy, it must be confined to the female only.
On the basis of carapace exterior, there is a strong case for retaining
Bairdia coronata Brady within Triebelina, but its muscle-scar pattern,
hingement, and appendage characters are decidedly bairdoppilatan.
SPECIES INCLUDED.—Well-established Recent species of Triebelina
include the following (by original binomen) :
Triebelina indopacifica van den Bold, 1946
Triebelina bradyi Triebel, 1948 (= Bairdia truncata Brady, 1890)
?Batirdia raripila Miller, 1894
Triebelina reticulopuncta Benson, 1959
?Triebelina schyroconcha, new species
Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948
Bairdia tuberculata Brady, 1880 (= Bairdia rhomboidea Brady, 1869)
Eco.tocy.—Species of Triebelina are restricted to very shallow
water and are characteristic of reefs (either coralline or navigational)
and high wave-energy level. 7. indopacifica, bradyi, sertata, and
tuberculata are Indo-Pacific—Red Sea in distribution and are typically
inhabitants of coral reef masses and talus. Similar unnamed species
are reported from comparable environments of Florida (Puri, 1960).
The probable habitat of 7. reticulopuncta is the algal covering of the
steep rocky slopes of the coast and islands around Todos Santos Bay,
Baja California. If Bairdia raripila is in fact a Triebelina, then two
species are known from temperate latitudes.
Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948
FigurEs 31, 32b-e; PLATE 2: FIGURES 9, 10
Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, p. 19, Abb. 1-2.—Key, 1953, p. 158, pl. 1: fig. 5.
Species BB, Maddocks, 1966, p. 48, fig. 24.
Mareriau.—Nosy Bé; 4 adult females and several juveniles, 8
subfossil specimens.
Tulear, one adult female living.
Dimenstons.—Adult female USNM 121325, right valve, length
0.59 mm, height 0.31 mm; left valve, length 0.60 mm, height 0.34 mm.
327-237 O - 69-5
62 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 31.—Triebelina sertata Triebel: A-C, Female USNM 121326; D-F, female USNM
121328; G,H, female USNM 121327.
A, Third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, first thoracic leg; D, muscle-scar pattern;
E,F, carapace interiors; G, genital lobe and furca; H, antenna. A-C,G,H, X 301; D, X 86;
E,F, X 61.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 63
Hasitat.—On living corals, Tridacna, dead coral fragments, and
calcareous algae in the coral reef zone, Nosy Bé and Tulear,
Madagascar.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Nosy Bé; in carbonate sands from the
reef and lower beach zones.
Described by Triebel from the Red Sea; possibly reported from
Indonesia (as T. indopacifica or T. cubensis) by Key (1953), van den
Bold (1946), and Kingma (1948).
AFFINITIES.—Appendages similar to those of T. bradyi, but readily
distinguished by the furca with 7 setae, setae 5, 6, and 7 being extremely
short.
Triebelina bradyi Triebel, 1948
FiGuREs 32a; 33a-d; PLaTE 2: FIGURE 3
Bairdia truncata Brady (not Kirkby) 1890, p. 494, pl. 2: figs. 1, 2.
Triebelina bradyi Triebel, 1948, p. 18.—?van den Bold, 1950, p. 901.—?Key,
1953, p. 158, pl. 1: fig. 4.—not Puri, 1960, p. 132, pl. 6: figs. 7, 8.
MateriaLt.—Nosy Bé; one adult female and several juveniles
living; 21 subfossil specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult female USNM 121325, right valve, length
0.55 mm, height 0.30 mm.
Hasitat.—Nosy Bé; collected in washings of dead coral fragments
at Ambatoloaka.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Sparsely distributed in carbonate reef
and intertidal sands at Nosy Bé, Madagascar.
Originally described from Samoa and New Caledonia by Brady
(1890), reported from Recent and Pleistocene of Indonesia by
Key (1953).
AFFINITIES.—Appendages similar to those of 7. sertata, but readily
distinguished by the furca with 7 setae, setae 6 and 7 very much
shorter than others. Carapace distinguished from that of T. reticulo-
puncta by its more subquadrate outline, lack of defined ventrolateral
ridge, having instead two vaguely defined ventrolateral swellings,
and larger marginal spines.
Triebelina reticulopuncta Benson, 1959
FIGURE 33¢, f; PLATE 2: FIGURES 5, 6
Triebelina reticulopuncta Benson, 1959, p. 44, pl. 2: fig. 1; pl. 8: fig. 4.
MareriaL.—Holotype specimen USNM 113123.
DimeEnsions.—Left valve, length 0.58 mm, height 0.31 mm; right
valve, length 0.58 mm, height 0.30 mm.
DistriBuTION.—Bahia de Todos Santos, Baja California, Mexico.
AFFINITIES.—Most similar to T. bradyi of species described, but
not as high, dorsal margin of right valve sloping more steeply posteri-
orly, ventrolateral ridge more defined, smaller marginal spines.
327-237 O - 69 - 6
64 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 32.—Triebelina bradyi Triebel: A, Female USNM 121325. T. sertata Triebel; B,D
E, female USNM 121327; C, female USNM 121328.
A,E, Maxilla; B, mandible; C,D, antennule. A,B,D,E, X 472; C, x 201.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 65
Triebelina schyroconcha, new species
FIGURE 33g, h; PLATE 2: FIGURES 7, 8
? Bairdia tuberculata Brady of Brady, 1880, p. 60, pl. 10: fig. 3a-d.—Brady,
1890, p. 495.
Not Bairdia tuberculata Brady, 1880 [= Bairdia rhomboidea Brady (not Kirkby),
1867, p. 162, pl. 19. figs. 14, 15].—Van den Bold, 1966, pl. 2: fig. 3.
Erymo.toey.—Greek schyr, hedgehog + konche, shell.
TypE sPECIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121331; paratypes USNM
121332-121333.
Type LocaLity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 504 (carbonate
sand among patch reefs at Ambariobe).
MareriaL.—Three subfossil specimens from Nosy Bé.
Diacnosis.—Carapace small but very robust, extremely broad,
ventrally flattened, lateral outline almost perfectly rhomboidal. Ex-
terior covered with extremely numerous very tiny spines. No pits or
Figure 33.—Triebelina bradyi Treibel: A-D, Female USNM 121325. T. reticulopuncta
Benson: E,F, Holotype USNM 113123. T. schyroconcha, n. sp.: G, USNM 121331; H,
USNM 121332.
A, Antenna; B, thoracic legs; C,E-H, carapace interiors; D, furca and genital lobe.
2D, X,301;:B, X 152; .C,E-H,.<, 61.
66 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
other surface ornament present. Two or three posteroventral marginal
spines are somewhat larger than others, marginal denticulation absent.
Hinge narrow but deeply incised, all parts smooth. Muscle-scar pattern
conspicuous as glassy irregular scars in otherwise translucent yellow-
white carapace, arranged in four diagonally offset rows.
DimEnsions.—USNM 121331, left valve, length 0.46 mm, height
0.24 mm.
USNM 121332, right valve, length 0.46 mm, height 0.22 mm.
DistrisuTIoN.—In sand among coral patch reefs at Ambariobe,
Nosy Bé, Madagascar. Possibly misidentified as B. tuberculata by
Brady (1880) from the Admiralty Islands and (1890) from Noumea,
New Caledonia.
AFFINITIES.—Bairdia tuberculata Brady, 1880 [= Bairdia rhomboidea
Brady, 1867 (not Kirkby)] is of similar rhomboidal shape, but its
exterior is entirely reticulate, without lateral spines; the species was
first reported from Mauritius and has since been reported from Colon-
Aspinwall, Panama. Specimens assigned to B. tuberculata from the
Admiralty Islands and New Caledonia were described as having tiny
tubercles and probably belong to T. schyroconcha.
Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935
Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935, p. 3.
TypE-spEcIES.—Bairdoppilata martyni Coryell, Sample, and
Jennings, 1935, p. 3, figs. 1, 2.
Dracnosis.—Carapace with rounded contours, lateral outline with
slightly concave anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins; somewhat
produced posterior. Hinge with auxiliary dentition at the anterior and
posterior ends, 4-6 tiny denticles on ends of right valve ridge articu-
lating with sockets beneath left valve overlap. Muscle-scar pattern
consists of 8-10 scars in three widely spaced horizontal or arcuate
rows.
Antenna with anterodistal seta enlarged to equal distal claw in
size and appearance; fused claw smooth. Four unfeathered setae of
vibratory plate of first thoracic leg segregated proximally, all of equal
length. Furca with 7 setae, all long.
DeEscripTION.—Carapace moderately thin, translucent; opaque
spots characteristically arranged in a distinctive pattern, consisting of
small central suboval spot, anterior and posterior spots, possibly also
a posterodorsal spot and one or more other dorsal spots. Surface
smooth with abundant very tiny pits. Lateral outline of left valve
with broadly arched dorsal margin, broadly and obliquely rounded
anterior margin, produced caudate posterior termination, straight
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 67
anterodorsal segment and concave posterodorsal segment; right valve
with obscurely angulate tripartite dorsal margin, anterodorsal and
posterodorsal segments straight or slightly concave, posterior dis-
tinctly caudate, ventral margin slightly indented. Curvature of lateral
surface very gentle, without any abrupt changes in slope, moderately
expanded medially, more compressed marginally and ventrally.
Hinge-proper simple and usually quite thin, median bar of right valve
of equal thickness throughout; auxiliary dentition present at antero-
dorsal and posterodorsal angles at location of greatest marginal con-
cavity, consisting in right valve of 4-6 tiny denticles surmounting
anterodorsal or posterodorsal marginal ridge, in left valve of visibly
locellate or crenulate arcuate grooves with ventral confining rise,
located directly underneath overhang of dorsal surface. Muscle-scar
pattern consists of 8 subcircular to subquadrate scars arranged in
three horizontal to arcuate well separated rows, scars of dorsal or
ventral rows tending to be divided for a total of 10 scars.
Antenna of both sexes with near-duplicate, pincer-form, immovable
terminal claws, caused by the enlargement of the anterodistal seta of
the sixth podomere to equal or nearly equal the distal claw in size
and shape; all claws smooth and simply tapering, slightly curved,
none barbed or serrate. Vibratory plate of first thoracic leg with 4
unfeathered setae of equal length segregated proximally. Furca with
7 setae, of varying lengths but all fairly long, none vestigial. Copula-
tory organ with massive hemicircular median lobe, bulbous distal
lobe, long spirally coiled copulatory tube without conspicuous lamellar
supporting structure, may have additional projecting structures.
SPECIES INCLUDED.— Recent species for which soft parts have been
described, listed by original binomen:
Bairdoppilata alcyonicola, new species
Bairdoppilata cratericola, new species
Nesidea cushmani Tressler, 1949 [= Bairdoppilata carinata Kornicker, 1961;
= Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards of Benson and Coleman, 1964]
Bairdia hirsuta Brady, 1880
Bairdia simplex Brady, 1880
Bairdia villosa Brady, 1880
Ecotocy.—Recent species of Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) are
abundant in tropical and subtropical regions in very shallow-water
niches as epifauna on coralline and rocky reefs, algae, sea grasses,
corals, sponges, other attached invertebrates, and associated skeletal
debris. The three Challenger species assigned below to this group from
abyssal depths and/or much colder water also share several discordant
features of carapace and genital anatomy; they should certainly be
allocated a new subgenus within Bairdoppilata when more plentiful
living material becomes available.
68 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Arrinities.—Reported species of Bairdoppilata range from Lower +
Cretaceous through Recent; the type species is Miocene. While no )
effort was made to study fossil materials for this report, such illus- —
trations and specimens as have come to my casual attention (chiefly
Eocene-Miocene) appear to be compatible in carapace morphology
with the Recent species described below.
The bairdoppilatan nature of the soft parts of Bairda coronata Brady
is unmistakable, in spite of its superficial resemblance to Triebelina.
Hence Glyptobairdia must be revived for a subgenus of Bairdoppilata.
Yet another subgenus of Bairdoppilata is indicated by the three
abyssal and/or cold-water species of Brady (1880) reidentified in
these collections, but naming of this category must be postponed until
better preserved material is available for description. And for any
more detailed subgeneric classification, the great variety of Cretaceous
and Cenozoic species should also be taken into consideration.
Remarks.—E. and R. Reyment (1959) suggested that Bairdop-
pilata should be considered a synonym of ‘“Bairdia,” because they
observed the hinge denticles to vary in visibility within one species,
and because similar denticles are also present in Bairdia coronata
Brady, assigned at that time to Triebelina. This opinion has been
sustained independently by some other taxonomists, including van
Morkhoven (1958, 1963). However, the Recent species studied here
show significant and consistent differences in soft-part anatomy,
shape, and opaque pattern that are congruent with and perhaps even
more consistently expressed than the hinge dentition.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) cushmani (Tressler), 1949
FIGURES 34; 35h-m
Nesidea cushmani Tressler, 1949, p. 342 figs. 4-8.
Bairdoppilata carinata Kornicker, 1961, p. 66, pl. 1: fig. 5a-e; figs. 91-3, 10B-c, E.
Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards of Benson and Coleman, 1963, p. 20, pl. 3:
figs. 1-3; fig. 9.
Materiat.—Holotype female specimen USNM 88843. The decal-
cified valves and fragmentary appendages are mounted together
on a single glass slide beneath a cover slip.
Paratype specimen 122B of Bairdoppilata carinata Kornicker
(1961, fig. 10C). Subfossil specimens from the Bimini collections of
Kornicker (1961), including a male and a female containing dried
appendages.
Subfossil specimens from the west coast of Florida collections of
Benson and Coleman, including specimen USNM 113187, labeled
Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards, 1944. Subfossil specimens in an
associated collection from Florida Bay, including an adult male
with dry appendages.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 69
Ficure 34.—B. (Bairdoppilata) cushmani (Tressler): Holotype USNM 88843.
A, Furca; B, maxilla; C, antennule; D, genital lobe; E,F, carapace exteriors; G, muscle-
scar pattern. A-D, X 301; E,F, X 72; G, X 201.
Dimensions.—Holotype of Nesidea cushmani Tressler, USNM
88843, female, measured as mounted; left valve, length 0.99 mm,
height 0.67 mm; right valve, length 0.96 mm, height 0.60 mm.
Paratype male USNM 121334 of Bairdoppilata carinata Kornicker;
left valve, length 1.06 mm, height 0.68 mm; right valve, length 1.05
mm, height 0.62 mm.
70 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 35.—B. (Bairdoppilata) cushmani (Tressler): Holotype USNM 88843. A, Thoracic
leg, X 152; B, antenna, X 301; C, mandible, 301.
Distripution.—Loggerhead Key, Tortugas, Florida; Florida Bay
and west coast of Florida; Bimini Island, Great Bahama Bank.
Remarks.—Of the Loggerhead Key collections listed by Tressler
(1949), only the holotype specimen belongs to Nesidea cushmani
Tressler. The other specimens (undissected), which he considered
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 71
to be paratypes, belong to another species, described above as Neo-
nesidea gerda (Benson and Coleman).
Arrinities.—Comparison and identification of other specimens
with the holotype are rendered difficult by the present condition of
the valves. However, specimens identified as B. triangulata Edwards
by Benson and Coleman from nearby stations in Florida Bay and
the west coast of Florida are very similar in shape and size. B. carinata
Kornicker is larger and has more widely spaced punctae, but the
carapace shape, opaque pattern, and copulatory organ are identical
to those of the Florida Bay specimens. The antennal claws of the
N. cushmani holotype and B. carinata allotype female specimens
are identical.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) alcyonicola, new species
FiaureEs 36-38
Erymo.ocy.—Latin aleyonium, polyp + -cola, dweller; from its oc-
currence on such usually inimical hosts as aleyonarians and Millepora.
TYPE sPECIMENS.—Adult male holotype specimen USNM 121337;
allotype female USNM 121338; paratypes USNM 121339-121341.
Tyre Locauity.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 446 (washings of
dark green alga at low tide level of beach at Antsakoabe).
Dracnosis.—Carapace with moderately produced posterior end
and slightly concave posterodorsal margin, straight anterodorsal mar-
gin in lateral view; exterior smooth with very tiny normal pore canal
pits, terminal dentition of hinge conspicuous.
Antenna with distal claws short and thick and of equal size; copu-
latory organ with hemispherical median lobe and roughly quadrangular
distal lobe, long spiral copulatory tube, moderately long seta arising
at junction of lobes.
MarerIAL.—Specimens, 122 living and 76 subfossil from Nosy Bé.
One male living at Anse Royale.
Dimensions.—Adult male holotype USNM 121337, left valve,
length 0.86 mm, height 0.53 mm; right valve, length 0.88 mm, height
0.48 mm.
Adult female USNM 121338, left valve, length 0.87 mm, height
0.55 mm; right valve, length 0.86 mm, height 0.49 mm.
Hasitar.—Abundant in almost all epifaunal reef niches, notably
on living corals, sponges, alcyonarians, and Millepora, also on algae
and dead coral fragments. This is the only podocopid species found
on living specimens of Millepora and, with Neonesidea schulzi schulzi,
the bairdian species typically collected from living sponges, alcyonar-
ians, and reef corals.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Present but never abundant in most
carbonate sediments, especially beach, reef and platform sands.
72 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 36.—B. (Bairdoppilata) alcyonicola, n. sp.: A-F, Male USNM_ 121337; G,H, female
USNM 121338.
A,B, Carapace interiors, X 75; C, antennule, X 152; D,E,G,H, carapace exteriors,
X 43; F, dorsal view, X 43.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 73
Ficure 37.—B. (Bairdoppilata) alcyonicola, n. sp.: A-C,E,F, Male USNM 121337; D
pathological male USNM 121339; G,H, female USNM 121338.
A, Copulatory organ; B, antenna; C, copulatory organ and furca; D, pathological
second thoracic leg; E, normal second thoracic leg; F, mandible; G,H, genital lobes.
DOG. < 230; DE, x 201. F, >< 301.
74 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 38.—B. (Bairdoppilata) alcyonicola, n. sp.: Male USNM 121337.
A, Maxilla, X 301; B, third thoracic leg, X 201; C, first thoracic leg, X 201.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE a5
AFFINITIES.—Very similar to the more caudate and punctate B. (B.)
cratericola also living at Nosy Bé.
ReMARKS.—One pathological specimen USNM 121339 has the
distal claw of the second thoracic leg duplicated in a fashion identical
with the antennal claws (Figure 37d). Presumably this is the result of
an injury; yet it confirms the close homologic relationship between the
antennae and thoracic legs suggested by the often identical configura-
tion of barbs or other details of distal termination and consistent
relative proportions of podomere dimensions.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) cratericola, new species
FIGURE 39
ErymMoLocy.—Latin crater, basin+-cola, dweller; for the Lac du
Cratére, Nosy Bé, Madagascar; a picturesque wave-breached volcanic
crater.
TyYpE sPECIMENS.—Adult male holotype USNM 121342; para-
types USNM 121323.
TypE LocaLiry.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar, sample 359 (washings of
dead coral fragments encrusted with living algae, sponges, corals,
and tunicates, from just below low tide level in the Lac du Cratére).
Diacnosis.—Carapace fairly compressed, anterior and especially
posterior end produced in caudate fashion, exterior distinctly
punctate.
Copulatory organ with distal lobe approximately triangular in
outline, bearing no setae or other projections.
Mareriau.—Nosy Bé; 7 living specimens, 203 subfossil specimens.
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121342, left valve, length
0.88 mm, height 0.56 mm; right valve, length 0.89 mm, height 0.50 mm.
Hasitat.—Collected living only at the type locality.
SUBFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION.—Abundantly distributed in carbonate
sands and sandy muds, especially near coral reefs.
AFFINITIES.—Very similar in carapace and appendage morphology
to B. (B.) alcyonicola, new species, another common species at
Nosy Bé.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata?) villosa (Brady), 1880
Figures 40, 41la-c
Bairdia villosa Brady, 1880, p. 50, pl. 3: fig. 3a-b; pl. 5: fig. 2a-f; pl. 8: 4a-f.
MarertIaL.—Three valves and one whole carapace, all mature, in
Challenger slide 140, British Museum (Natural History) cat. no.
80.38, labeled as station 149, Balfour Bay, Kerguelen Island. The
whole carapace has been designated lectotype by H. S. Puri, Neil C.
Hulings, and Richard H. Benson (MS.).
76 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
RASS
“* \
y, My) DY
La
Ficure 39.—B. (Bairdoppilata) cratericola, n. sp.: Male USNM 121342.
A,F, Antenna; B, first thoracic leg; C,D, carapace interiors; E, third thoracic leg;
G, maxilla; H, copulatory organ and furca. A, X 152; B,E, X 127;C,D, X 50; F-H, X 301.
Two adult males living at Eltanin station 1418.
One immature female tentatively identified as this species, living
in an intertidal collection from Prince Edward Island.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE Ti
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121344, left valve, length
1.28 mm, height 0.81 mm; right valve, length 1.24 mm, height
0.77 mm.
ArFINiITIES.—The terminal hinge dentition is less marked in this
form than in the more typical shallow-water species of Bairdoppilata;
however, it is clearly visible on the Challenger paratype specimens.
The lectotype specimen is more highly and angularly arched dorsally
than the paratypes, and its hinge has not been seen. The Eltanin
specimens are very slightly smaller and more elongate than the
paratypes.
The less conspicuous hinge dentition, more convex lateral outline,
and short, nearly straight copulatory tube are characters shared by
B. (B.?) simplex (Brady) and in part by B. (B.?) hirsuta. For these
species another subgeneric category probably should be established.
DistrisuTion.—Kerguelen I., Macquarie I., Prince Edward I.;
reported by Brady (1880) from Tristan d’Acunha and Bass Strait.
Subsequent reports of this species are numerous but mostly uncon-
vincing.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata?) simplex (Brady), 1880
(FIGURE 42)
Bairdia simplex Brady, 1880, p. 51, pl. 7: fig. la—d.
Nesidea labiata Miiller, 1908, p. 99, pl. 14: figs. 1-6.
MarteriAu.—A left and a right valve, of the same specimen, in
Challenger slide no. 142, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) cat. no. 81.5,
labeled station no. 151, off Heard I., depth 75 (fms); designated
lectotype by Puri, Hulings, and Benson (MS.).
One male living at Eltanin station 1345; one male and one female
living and one empty carapace at Eltanin 418; 25 subfossil specimens
at Eltanin stations 1345, 1346; 4 subfossil specimens from GIL 615,
South Africa.
Dimensions.—Adult female USNM 121347, right valve, length
1.97 mm, height 0.97 mm.
Adult male specimen USNM 121348, left valve, length 1.62 mm,
height 0.96 mm; right valve, length 1.64 mm, height 0.92 mm.
DistrisutTion.—Off Heard I.; Palmer Peninsula, Gauss Station,
Antarctica; South Indian-Antarctic Basin; ? False Bay, South Africa.
AFFiniTiES.—The Eltanin specimaens are slightly larger, more
angulate in outline and more inflated than the Challenger valves;
their terminal hinge dentition is much weaker than that of the lecto-
type, with no visible teeth in the right valve and only obscurely
serrate grooves in the left.
The anterodistal antennal claw is not as long or thick as the distal
claw, although sufficiently developed to be considered bairdoppilatan.
78 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 40.—B. (Bairdoppilata?) villosa (Brady): Male USNM 121344.
A, Second thoracic leg; B, mandible; C,H, antenna; D, third thoracic leg; E, first
thoracic leg; F, maxilla; G, antennule. A,C,D,E,G, X 127; B, X 152; F,H, x 301.
The False Bay specimens are considerably smaller but otherwise
very similar.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 79
*1cuRE 41.—B. (Bairdoppilata?) villosa (Brady): A-C, Male USNM 121344. 2B. (Bairdop
pilata) sp. 2: D-H, Male USNM 121358. B. (Bairdoppilata) sp. 1; I, USNM 121356;
J, USNM 121357.
A,B,D,E,I,J Carapace interiors, X 29; C, copulatory organ and furca, X 127; F,G,
copulatory organ, X 152; H, furca, & 152.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata?) hirsuta (Brady), 1880
FicgurRE 43; PLATE 2: FIGURES 1, 2
Bairdia hirsuta Brady, 1880, p. 51, pl. 8: fig. 3a—d.
?Bairdia victriz Brady of Brady, 1880, p. 56, pl. 10, fig. 5a-d.—Tressler, 1954,
p. 4383.
Materiau.—A single right valve in slide no. 138 of the Challenger
collection of Brady (1880), labeled from station 300, D(epth) 1375
(fms); designated lectotype by Puri, Hulings, and Benson (MS.).
Two adult females living and 5 subfossil valves from sample USNM
Acc. No. 271766 in the Gulf of Mexico.
327-237 O - 69-7
80 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 42.—B8. (Bairdoppilata?) simplex (Brady): A,C-H, Male USNM 121348; B, female
USNM 121347.
A, First thoracic leg; B,C, antenna; D, muscle-scar pattern; E,F, copulatory organ
and furca; G,H, carapace interiors, A,C,E,F, X 127; B, xX 152; D. X61; Gc 29h
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 81
Ficure 43.—B. (Bairdoppilata?) hirsuta (Brady): A,B,F-I, Female USNM 121353 from
USNM Acc. No. 271766; C,D, subfossil valves from Albatross 2385; E, USNM 121354
from Anton Bruun 373].
A,B,E, Carapace interiors; C,D, carapace exteriors; F, third thoracic leg; G, second
thoracic leg; H, first thoracic leg; I, antenna. A-E, X 29; F-H, < 75; 1, X 127.
82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Three subfossil specimens in material from Challenger station 24 at
Culebra Island.
Subfossil specimens 581, from Albatross stations 2385, 2751, 2763,
2808, 4693, 4723, and 4728; and from Anton Bruun stations 360B,
361B, 363G, J, K, 365B, D, E, 366A, 369A, D, 370B, 373J, 397D,
399, 407, 409A.
Dimensions.—Adult female USNM 121353 from USNM Acc. No.
271766, left valve, length 1.68 mm, height 1.11 mm; right valve,
length 1.70 mm, height 0.99 mm.
Left valve specimen USNM 121354 from Albatross 2808, length
1.33 mm, height 0.89 mm.
DistriznuTion.—Described by Brady (1880) from the southeast
Pacific; possibly reported as Bairdia victrir Brady by Brady (1880)
from the West Indies, North Atlantic, Azores, off Brazil, Kerguelen
Islands, Australia, and/or Tristan d’Acunha. Identified in the material
under study from the southeast Pacific Ocean, Galapagos Archipelago,
Caribbean Sea, Mississippi Delta, east of Rio de Janeiro, and Mozam-
bique Channel; depth range 400-3475 meters.
AFFINITIES.—This extremely abundant and widespread population
probably includes more than one species and/or subspecies, but I can
find no reliable criteria at present by which to establish consistent
subgroups. There is some variability apparent in the length and posi-
tion of the posterior caudate extension, as well as in the length and
slope of dorsomedian outline of right valve and dorsal curvature of
left valve.
The identification as Bairdia hirsuta Brady is based on the similarity
of the few and poorly preserved specimens from Albatross localities in
the southeast Pacific to the lectotype specimen from this same region.
They are somewhat larger, more caudate, and show visible radial pore
canals.
The southeast Pacific forms are quite similar in carapace shape to
those from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean; these, in turn, cannot
at present be distinguished from the rather variable population of the
Mozambique Channel collections.
The Bairdoppilata identity is based on soft parts of the females
collected living in the Gulf of Mexico, and on barely visible bairdop-
pilatan hinge dentition of subfossil specimens in this region. The
antennae and thoracic legs of these females are most exceptionally
long and thin but completely bairdoppilatan. Bairdoppilatan dentition
is not visible on specimens from any other populations; possible ex-
planations include generally poor preservation, low penetrance of this
character, and misidentification of non-Bairdoppilata species with
convergent carapace shape.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 83
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata) species 1
Figure 411, j
MareriALt.—Two subfossil specimens at Albatross station 2808 off
the Mississippi Delta.
Diwensions.— Right valve USNM 121356, length 1.01 mm, height
0.67 mm; left valve USNM 121357, length 1.03 mm, height 0.72 mm.
AFFINITIES.—Shape externally identical to Neonesidea species 2
from Nosy Bé, Madagascar. The entirely smooth exterior and angulate
lateral outline are unlike most other species of Bairdoppilata, to which
it clearly belongs on the basis of hinge dentition. It is much smaller
and less caudate than B. (B.?) hirsuta (Brady) and entirely lacks the
marginal fringes of the latter. It is slightly larger than B. (B.) cushmani
(Tressler) specimens from Bimini and is completely smooth, yet overall
it is very similar to that form and may represent a much abraded,
larger variety from deeper water.
Bairdop pilata (Bairdoppilata) species 2
FIGURE 41d-h
Marertau.—A single adult male with dried appendages collected
at Anton Bruun 412L.
Diwensions.—Adult male USNM 121358, left valve, length 1.21
mm, height 0.77 mm; right valve, length 1.24 mm, height 0.62 mm.
AFFINITIES.—Despite the similarity in carapace outlines and the
proximity of this station to Nosy Bé, Madagascar, this form cannot
be identified with B. (B.) aleyonicola, new species. The carapace is
much larger and is distinguished by exceedingly numerous very fine
radial pore canals, smooth surface with very tiny punctae, and an
extremely fine internal reticular mosaic structure in transmitted
light. The copulatory organ is of quite different structure, having only
a very short and stout copulatory tube.
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata?) species 3
FIGURE 27e-h
Materiau.—Subfossil specimens, 43 from Anton Bruun stations
361G, 363B, E, G.
Dimenstons.—Specimens from Anton Bruun station 36G: right
valve USNM 121359, length 1.48 mm, height 0.94 mm; right valve
USNM 121360, length 1.50 mm, height 0.92 mm; left valve USNM
121361, length 1.43 mm, height 1.00 mm; left valve USNM 121362,
length 1.44 mm, height 0.96 mm.
DistRIBuTIon.—Southern Mozambique Channel, depth 1860-
2980 m.
84 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
AFFINITIES.—Bairdoppilatan dentition is present although too
fine to be drawn to scale. Otherwise the species is not sufficiently
distinctive to be named at this time.
Bairdoppilata (Glyptobairdia) Stephenson, 1946
Glyptobairdia Stephenson, 1946, p. 345.—not Pokorny, 1958, p. 226.
Typr-spEcies.—Bairdia coronata Brady, 1870, p. 243, pl. 32: fig. 9
(=Glyptobairdia bermudezi Stephenson, 1946, p. 346, pl. 43, figs. 1-3).
DraGnosis.—Carapace externally ornamented with ridges and
pitting. Hinge very robust, with crenulate groove and raised terminal
teeth in right valve, incised crenulate bar and sockets in left valve;
anterior and posterior segments with auxiliary bairdoppilatan denticles
and sockets conspicuously developed. Appendages as in B. (Bair-
doppilata).
AFFINITIES.—Glyptobairdia has for some years been considered as
a subjective synonym of Triebelina but is technically available.This
name is resurrected here to emphasize and express more accurately
the uniqueness and bairdoppilatan affinity of Bairdia coronata Brady,
the type-species and at present the only Recent species assignable
to this subgenus.
Bairdoppilata (G.) coronata (Brady) resembles Triebelina in such
characters as carapace robustness, external ornament, outline, and
marginal denticles; however, it differs conspicuously in hingement,
muscle-scar pattern, and appendage characters, which are those of
Bairdoppilata. It seems to be the only living species of a morphologic
type that is represented as early as the Triassic by such genera as
Carinobairdia. Kollmann (1960, 1963) stated that Glyptobairdia
should be revived for the Recent representative of a lineage that is
distinct from and has coexisted with the Triebelina lineage at least
since the Rhaetian. Unfortunately, the hingement of these Triassic
species has not been described, but the exterior ornament is clearly
related to that of B. (G.) coronata.
Bairdoppilata (Glyptobairdia) coronata (Brady), 1870
FIGURE 44a-g
Bairdia coronata Brady, 1870, p. 248, pl. 32: fig. 9.
Triebelina coronata (Brady) of Stephenson, 1947, p. 578.—Puri, 1963, p. 131,
pl. 6: figs. 1, 2—Morkhoven, 1958, p. 366, pl. 46: figs. 1-6——Rome, 1960,
PPan a4
Glyptobairdia bermudezi Stephenson, 1946, p. 346, pl. 42, figs. 1-3.
Marerrau.—One male and two females living in Andros sample 34
from the Bahamas; known also from personal collections on the south
shore of Bermuda.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 85
Ficure 44.—Bairdoppilata (Glyptobairdia) coronata (Brady): A-C,F,G, Male USNM
121364; D,E, female USNM 121363. B. (Bairdoppilata) cushmani (Tressler): H, Female
holotype specimen 122B-3 of B. carinata Kornicker; I-M, Male USNM 121334 from
Bimini.
A,I, Furcae; B,C,J,K, copulatory organs; D,E,L,M, carapace interiors; F, first
thoracic leg; G,H, antennae. A-C,F-H, X 301; D,E, X 50; I-K, X 152; L,M, X 29.
86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Dimenstons.—Adult female USNM 121368, left valve, length 0.74
mm, height 0.43 mm; right valve, length 0.73 mm, height 0.38 mm. |
Hasitat.—In the Bahamas and Bermuda collections, B. (G.)
coronata is characteristic of the coral reef front rather than the quieter
|
!
|
|
|
lagoonal or back-reef environments. This close association with the —
coral masses themselves rather than subsidiary biotic microhabitats
duplicates the known distribution of Triebelina sertata on reefs at
Nosy Bé, Madagascar. Thus the similarity of carapace exteriors of
Triebelina and Glyptobairdia represents convergence due to similar
habitat rather than phyletic affinity.
AFFINITIES.—No other ornamented species of Bairdoppilata are
known. The Triassic genus Medwenitschia Kollmann bears a geo-
metrically similar pattern of ridges.
RemMArRKs.—Rome (1960) has described the appendages of this
species in some detail; only the most significant characters are reillus-
trated here.
BY THOCYPRIDINAE, new subfamily
Typr-Genus.—Bythocypris Brady, 1880, p. 45.
DiaGcnosis.—Carapace usually thin, smooth, cyprid in aspect; hinge
weak; adductor scars arranged in an anterior row of three horizontal
scars plus one posteroventral scar, all scars may be divided but not
separated; frontal, mandibular, and dorsal scars usually conspicuous.
Antennules with robustly proportioned podomeres, setae no longer
than podomere sequence; antennae stout with podomere 6 having a
simple stout distal claw and several smaller simple setae, none fused;
maxilla with 6-10 unfeathered setae on posteroventral platelet; first
thoracic leg of male sometimes slightly reflexed; vibratory plate of
first thoracic leg oval, with 4-15 unfeathered setae and few feathered
setae; furca with 3-7 setae; genital lobe of female with oval chamber
and uncoiled tube; brush-shaped organ of male with sides equally long.
AFFINITIES.— Some species in this subfamily have podomere propor-
tions that recall those of juveniles in the Bairdiinae. In podomere
fusion and proportions, setae counts and structure, vibratory plates,
and many other characters this group retains flexibility of morpho-
logic expression where the homologous structures of the Bairdiinae
have become fixed in a rigid pattern. The tendency toward reflexion
possible in some males and the conspicuous dorsal muscle scars are
properties characteristic of Cypridacea; otherwise all soft-part affini-
ties of this group are bairdiid. Juveniles of some species have a
frustrating capacity for developing a calcified inner lamella and other
marginal structures comparable to though not as strongly developed
as those of the adult; to my knowledge, such a phenomenon is known
elsewhere only in the family Macrocyprididae of the Cypridacea.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 87
Bythocypris Brady, 1880
Bythocypris Brady, 1880, p. 45.—Brady and Norman, 1889, p. 119.— Miller, 1894,
p. 275.—Sars, 1923, p. 6.—Morkhoven, 1963, p. 37.
TypxE-sPecIES.—Bythocypris reniformis Brady, 1880, p. 46, pl. 5,
fig. la-l.
Dracenosis.—Carapace moderately robust, smooth, lateral outline
oblong to subreniform, cyprid in aspect; muscle-scar pattern an
anterior row of 3 scars plus one posteroventral scar, scars often
divided.
Antennule with setae no longer than total of podomeres, antennae
relatively stout, podomere 6 with long distal claw and 3 or 4 smaller
setae; vibratory plate of first thoracic leg oval, with 6-15 long un-
feathered setae and 5 or more shorter feathered setae; furca with 3
long setae and 3 or 4 shorter setae; maxillar plate with 8-10 unfeathered
posteroventral setae.
INCLUDED sPECIES.—Recent species whose soft parts have been
described, listed by original binomen:
Bythocypris reniformis Brady, 1880
Bairdia bosquetiana Brady, 1866
?Bairdia complanata Brady, 1867
Bairdia obtusata Sars, 1866
Bythocypris eltanina, new species
Bythocypris spiriscutica, new species
Recent species assigned to Bythocypris on carapace features only
include:
Bairdia abyssicola Brady, 1880
Bairdia affinis Brady, 1886
Bythocypris (?) compressa Brady, 1880
Bythocypris elongata Brady, 1880
Bairdia folint Brady, 1886
?Bythocypris laeva Puri, 1953
Bythocypris lucida Seguenza of Ascoli, 1964
Bythocypris mozambiquensis, new species
Bythocypris prolata, new species
AFFINITIES.—The soft parts of Bythocypris retain flexibility of
morphology in several characters where the comparable structure
in species of ‘Bairdia’’ is of a rigidly established type. This greater
variability renders the genus difficult to diagnose but easy to recognize.
This difficulty is compounded by current ignorance of the male
soft-part anatomy; the males described below for two new species
represent the first males known in Bythocypris.
The thin-shelled abyssal forms described below differ somewhat
in appendage structures as well and perhaps should be separated as
another taxon. The distinction between Bythocypris and Zabythocypris
is chiefly one of degree.
SS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
scar pattern. For ee Bythocypris actites oe 1959 (USNM |
113120, 113121) is a Krithe, as are the spon identified by Tres-}
and Bythocypris bosquetiana (Brady) (USNM 153746, 153747).
Bythocypris reniformis Brady, 1880
FIGURE 45j-m
Bythocypris reniformis Brady, 1880, p. 46, pl. 5: fig. la-lL—?Chapman, 1941,,
p. 195.
D1acNnosis.—Carapace relatively robust, moderately inflated, all!
outlines gently curved; left valve with straight ventral margin,
broadly and nearly equally rounded anterior and posterior margins, ,
broadly arched dorsal margin highest at midpoint, nearly symmetri--
cal in lateral view; right valve not as high, ventral margin gently |
indented, dorsal margin only slightly arched, anterior margin broadly '
rounded, posterior region obliquely rounded with steeply sloping’
posterodorsal margin; radial pore canals and false pore canals abun- |
dant and quite long; muscle scars and normal pore canals conspicuous
as Opaque areas on otherwise transparent carapace.
MarerIAL.—Lectotype and two syntype specimens in Challenger |
slide no. 123, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) cat. no. 80.38, from station |
24, north of St. Thomas I., at 390 fms.
Seven subfossil valves in additional sediment from Challenger 24.
Subfossil specimens, 108 from Anton Bruun stations 363L, 410A, |
413B, and especially 365D; 75 subfossil specimens from Albatross
station 2763.
DistriputTion.—Identified by Brady (1880) from Challenger sta-
tions off St. Thomas (Culebra) Island at 390 fms, off North Brazil at
675 and 350 fms, off Prince Edward Island at 50-150 fms; by Chap- |
man (?) from southeast Australia at 505 and 470 fms.
Abundant near Tulear, Madagascar, and elsewhere on the western
Madagascar coast to depths of 3100 m. Extremely abundant in
Albatross station 2763, south of Rio de Janeiro, at 1227 m.
Diwensions.—Left valves from Anton Bruun 365D: USNM 121366,
length 1.11 mm, height 0.62 mm; USNM 121367, length 1.14 mm,
height 0.66 mm; USNM 121368, length 1.20 mm, height 0.71 mm;
USNM 121369, length 1.11 mm, height 0.62 mm.
Right valves from Anton Bruun 365D: USNM 121370, length
0.98 mm, height 0.53 mm; USNM 121371, length 1.07 mm, height
0.61 mm; USNM 121372, length 1.09 mm, height 0.59 mm; USNM
121377, length 1.20 mm, height 0.64 mm.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 89
Ficure 45.—Bythocypris affinis affinis (Brady): A-D. B. affinis madagascarensis, n
subsp.: E,F, Typical form; G, variant A; H,I, variant B. B. reniformis Brady: J-M
Specimens from Albatross 2763; N-U, specimens from Anton Bruun 365D.
All USNM: A-D, 121380; E; 121381; F, 121382; G, 121384; H,I, 121386; J, 121373;
K, 121374; L, 121375; M, 121376; N, 121371; O, 121372; P, 121377; Q, 121370; R, 121368;
S, 121369; T, 121367; U, 121366. All exterior views. A,B, X 37; C-U, X 29.
90 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
_ Right valves from Albatross 2763: USNM 121373, length 1.48 mm,
height 0.80 mm; USNM 121374, length 1.49 mm, height 0.79 mm.
Left valves from Albatross 2763: USNM 121375, length 1.51 mm,
height 0.86 mm; USNM 121376, length 1.62 mm, height 0.90 mm.
AFFINITIES.—Specimens of the Tulear population are larger and
rather higher than those from St. Thomas Island; the right valve is
also slightly more broadly rounded posteriorly and hence less sym-
metrical in lateral view. Specimens from Albatross 2763 are very
much larger than either the St. Thomas or Tulear populations but
are essentially identical in shape.
Bythocypris elongata Brady, 1880
Figure 46a, b
Bythocypris elongata Brady, 1880, p. 47, pl. 6: fig. la-ec.—?Chapman, 1910, p.
428.—?Key in van Andel and Postma, 1954, p. 219, pl. 3: fig. 11.
Not Bythocypris elongata LeRoy, 1943, p. 358.
Diacnosis.—Carapace twice as long as high, rather compressed and
thin. Ventral margin nearly straight, posterodorsal margin straight
and sloping steeply, dorsomedian margin nearly straight, anterodorsal
margin straight and sloping gently, intersections of marginal sections
obscurely angulate.
MatTeErRIAL.—Lectotype specimen in Challenger slide 124, British
Museum (Nat. Hist.) cat. no. 157, a single right valve from Challenger
station 325, north of Tristan d’Acunha, at 1425 fms depth.
Specimens, 22 at Anton Bruun stations 361B, G, H, 363E, K,
367G, 368C, 369A, 409A, 413 from the Mozambique Channel, all
apparently juveniles.
DistRIBUTION.—Described by Brady (1880) from 1425 fms depth
north of Tristan d’Acunha. Reported by Chapman (1910) at 1050
fms near Fiji; by Key (1954) in the Gulf of Paria at much shallower
depths (4 to 152 m). Recorded in the present study from 11 stations
in the south-central portion of the Mozambique Channel, at depths
ranging from 400 to 3750 meters and usually below 1190 m.
DimEnsions.—Juvenile (?) specimen USNM 121379, left valve,
length 1.71 mm, height 0.81 mm; right valve, length 1.70 mm, height
0.71 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The specimen figured by Key (1954) is somewhat less
elongate and more highly arched dorsally. The Anton Bruun specimens
are identical in shape to the Challenger lectotype.
Bythocypris affinis (Brady), 1886
Bythocypris affinis affinis (Brady), 1886
Figure 45a—d
Bairdia affinis Brady, 1886, p. 195, pl. 14: figs. 6-7 Brady and Norman, 1889,
p. 242.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 91
Ficure 46.—Bythocypris elongata Brady: A,B, B. prolata,n.sp.:C,D, B. mozambiquensis,
n. sp.: E,G,K,M, typical form; I,J,L, variant B; F,H, variant C; P, variant D; N, variant
E; O, variant F.
All USNM: A,B, 121379; C, 121389; D, 121388; E, 121602; F, 121611; G, 121603;
H, 121610; I, juvenile 121609; J, juvenile 121608; K, 121601; L, adult 121607; M, USNM
121600; N, 121614; O, 121615; P, 121612. All exterior views. All X 29.
92 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Diacnosis.—Height/length ratio=0.56, length about 1.03 mm,
carapace outline oblong with nearly straight dorsal margins.
MATERIAL.—Subfossil specimens, 130 from Albatross stations
2763, 2751, 2383, 2385, 2392, 3375.
Dimenstons.—USNM 121380 from Albatross 3375, left valve, length |
1.03 mm, height 0.58 mm; right valve, length 1.00 mm, height 0.53
mm.
Distrisution.—North Atlantic; south of Rio de Janeiro, east
Caribbean Basin, and Mississippi Delta; depths from 1227 to 2160 m. |
Remarks.—Described from a single specimen collected at 1918 m |
depth by the Talisman, July 7, 1883, in the North Atlantic off N orth |
Africa (Brady 1886).
Bythocypris affinis madagascarensis, new subspecies
Figure 45e, f
TypE-spEcIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121382; paratypes USNM
121381, 121383.
TyPE-LocaLity.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 373J.
Dracnosis.—Height/length ratio=0.60 mm, length about 0.93 mm,
dorsal margin of left valve gently but distinctly arched.
Mareriau.—Subfossil specimens, 24 from Anton Bruun stations
363K, 365D, 369J, 370B, 373), 399, 407.
Dimensions.—Right valve USNM 121381 from Anton Bruun 3730,
length 0.92 mm, height 0.50 mm. Left valve USNM 121382 from same
station, length 0.93 mm, height 0.56 mm.
DistripuTion.—Mozambique Channel between Tulear and Lour-
engo Marques, at depths between 880 and 1190 m.
AFFINITIES.—Specimens deviating somewhat from the general form
of this population are assigned below to “variant” A and B.
Variant A
Figure 45g
MarTER1AL.—Two specimens from Anton Bruun station 369G in the
Mozambique Channel at 1205 m. depth.
DimeEnstons.—USNM 121384, left valve, length 1.04 mm, height
0.63 mm.
A¥FINITIES.—These specimens are larger and dorsally more rounded
than the general population of this subspecies.
Variant B
Figure 45h, 7
Matert1at.—Ten specimens from Anton Bruun stations 363B and
368C in the Mozambique Channel at depths of 2980 and 2995 m.
|
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 93
Dimenstons.—USNM 121386, left valve, length 1.14 mm, height
0.67 mm; right valve, length 1.09 mm, height 0.59 mm.
AFFINITIES.—These specimens are considerably larger and _ less
angulate in outline than the general population of this subspecies.
Bythocypris prolata, new species
FIGURE 46c,d
ErymMo.Locy.—Latin prolatus, extended, elongated.
TyYPE-SPECIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121388; paratypes USNM
121389-121390.
TypE-LocaLity.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 380C.
Diacgnosis.—Carapace of similar structure to B. reniformis Brady
but much more elongate, with broadly and evenly rounded anterior
margin, very gently arched dorsal margin, only slightly indented
ventral margin, posterodorsal margin sloping steeply to obscurely
angulate slightly upswung posteroventral termination; lacking any
straight or concave segments of dorsal margin.
MATERIAL.—Specimens, 35 from Anton Bruun stations 380 A, C at
Walterson Shoal, south of Madagascar, at 935 and 950 m.
Dimensions.—Left valve USNM 121388, length 1.25 mm, height
0.59 mm. Right valve USNM 121389, length 1.15 mm, height 0.50
mm.
Bythocypris eltanina, new species
Figures 47, 48, 49a-d
Erymo,ocy.—For the USNS Eiltanin, whose cruises in the south-
east Pacific and Antarctic regions have contributed valuable col-
lections of abyssal and antarctic ostracodes.
TYPE-sPECIMENS.—Holotype male USNM 121391; allotype female
USNM 121392; paratypes USNM 121393-121394.
TypE-Locauity.—Eltanin station 1248.
Dracnosis.—Carapace nearly equivalved, moderately inflated,
outlines as described for Bairdia folini Brady, adductor muscle scars
divided; narrow fused marginal zone with abundant straight radial
pore canals.
Distal podomere of male antenna with very short fused seta, other
shorter distal setae, thick segmented sensory (?) club; vibratory
plate of first thoracic leg with 6 long unfeathered setae, 6 other
nearly vestigial setae; furca with 6 setae, setae 2 and 4 very long, setae
1, 3, and 5 shorter, seta 6 shortest; copulatory organ oval in outline
with broadly curved copulatory tube and long flexible extension.
Marerrau.—Four specimens living at Eltanin stations 1248 and
1250.
94 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
{
Rin
|
Figure 47.—Bythocypris eltanina, n. sp.: A,B, Male USNM 121391; C,D, female USNM
121392.
A, Antennule; B, antenna; C, maxilla; D, mandible. A, X 127; B-D, X 301.
D
Dimensions.—Adult male USNM 121391, left valve, length
1.46 mm, height 0.77 mm; right valve, length 1.45 mm, height 0.70
mm.
Adult female USNM 121392, left valve, length 1.40 mm, height
0.75 mm; right valve, length 1.40 mm, height 0.72 mm.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 95
Figure 48.—Bythocypris eltanina, n. sp.: A,B,E, Female USNM 121393; C,G, male USNM
121391; D.F. female USNM 121392. '
A, Third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C,D, antennal claws; E, first thoracic
leg; F, genital lobe and furca; G, copulatory organ. A,B,E-G, X 152; C,D, X 301.
AFFINITIES.—Carapace very similar in outlines and muscle-scar
pattern to that illustrated for Bairdia folini Brady (1886, p. 195,
pl. 14: figs. 4, 5; Brady and Norman, 1889, p. 242). The length of the
latter species is given as 1.75 mm; the soft parts are not known, but
it apparently is a closely related species of Bythocypris.
96 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 49.—Bythocypris eltanina, n. sp.: A,B, Male USNM 121391; C,D, female USNM
121392. B. spiriscutica, n. sp.: E-G, Male USNM 121395; H,I, female USNM 121396.
A-D,F-I, Carapace interiors, X 29; E, copulatory organ and furca, X 127.
Bythocypris spiriscutica, new species
FIGuRES 49e-7, 50, 51
Erymo.toey.—Latin spira, coil + seutica, whip, lash.
TypE-SPECIMENS.—Holotype male USNM_ 121395; paratypes
USNM 121396, 121397.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 97
Figure 50.—Bythocypris spiriscutica, n. sp.: A-C, Male USNM 121395; D, female USNM
121396.
A, Antennule; B,C, antennae; D, mandible. A,B, X 127; C, X 301; D, X 152.
TyPE-LocaLity.—Eltanin station 1248.
Diacenosts.—Carapace much inflated, lateral outlines nearly oval
with minimal posterodorsal concavity, dorsal outline bluntly rounded
at anterior and posterior ends.
Male antenna with long distal claw, 3 shorter setae, and thick
segmented rod; vibratory plate of first thoracic leg with 15 long un-
327-237 O - 69 - 8
98 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 51.—Bythocypris spiriscutica, n. sp.: Female USNM 121396.
A, First thoracic leg; B, third thoracic leg; C, second thoracic leg; D, maxillar palp
and processes; E, maxilla. A-C, X 127; D,E, x 152.
feathered setae and 6 shorter setae; copulatory organ with hemioval
basal part, scoop-shaped distal part, and long spirally coiled copula-
tory tube.
Dimenstons.—Adult male USNM 121395, left valve, length 1.55
mm, height 0.88 mm; right valve, length 1.50 mm, height 0.86 mm.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 99
Adult female USNM 121396, left valve, length 1.60 mm, height
0.92 mm; right valve, length 1.53 mm, height 0.89 mm.
MatTERIAL.—Specimens, 34 living at Hitanin station 1248.
Bythocypris mozambiquensis, new species
Figures 46e-0, 52, 53
Erymo.tocy.—From the Mozambique Channel, where the species is
known to live.
TyYPE-sPECIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121600; paratypes 121601-
121616.
TyprE-LocaLiry.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 361G.
Diacnosis.—Carapace quite robust, left valve rather higher than
left and of different lateral outline, with broadly arched dorsum and
nearly triangular outline overall, lacking concave segments; right
valve with more sinuous outline, with straight dorsomedian and
concave anterodorsal and posterodorsal segments and distinctly cau-
date posteroventral area. Fused marginal zone rather broad with
straight radial pore canals.
MateriAL.—Of the typical form, 77 subfossil specimens collected
at Anton Bruun stations 360B, 361G, 363B, D, K, 366C, 367A, G,
368C, 369D, G, J.
Of variant A, 2 living females (?) at Anton Bruun stations 368C
and 416A; probably some subfossil specimens included in the counts
for the typical form.
Of variant B, 11 subfossil specimens from Albatross stations 4693
and 2385.
Of variant C, 5 subfossil specimens at Anton Bruun station 410A;
one living female at Anton Bruun station 363D.
Of variant D, 4 subfossil specimens at Anton Bruun station 361G.
Of variant E, 2 subfossil specimens at Albatross station 4728.
Of variant F, 4 subfossil specimens at Albatross station 4723.
Dimensions.—For the typical form; specimens from Anton Bruun
station 361G: Left valve USNM 121601, length 1.00 mm, height
0.52 mm; left valve USNM 121600, length 1.49 mm, height 0.83 mm;
right valve USNM 121602, length 1.42 mm, height 0.75 mm; right
valve USNM 121603, length 1.50 mm, height 0.70 mm.
Variant A: Adult female (?) USNM 121605, left valve, length
1.22 mm, height 0.68 mm; right valve, length 1.24 mm, height 0.62
mm. USNM 121606, right valve, length 1.23 mm, height 0.61 mm.
Variant B: Adult right valve USNM 121607, length 1.47 mm,
height 0.69 mm. Juvenile right valve USNM 121608, length 0.95 mm,
height 0.47. Juvenile left valve USNM 121609, length 1.00 mm,
height 0.52 mm.
100 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
=
Ficure 52.—Bythocypris mozambiquensis, n. sp.: Variant A, female USNM 121606.
A, Left valve exterior, X 49; B, antenna, X 152; C, mandible, X 301.
Variant C: USNM 121610, left valve, length 1.40 mm, height 0.77
mm. USNM 121611, right valve, length 1.45 mm, height 0.83.
Variant D: Right valve USNM 121612, length 1.75 mm, height
0.92 mm. Left valve fragment USNM 1216138, length 1.76 mm.
Variant E: Right valve USNM 121614, length 1.42 mm, height
0.64 mm.
Variant F: Left valve USNM 121615, length 1.47 mm, height
0.72 mm.
AFFINITIES.—There is an extraordinary amount of variation
among forms assignable to this species, but the differences seem to be
very minor changes in proportions and size that are not sufficiently
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 101
Qik
—— _—
A
WN AS om
Sy sy )
Ficure 53.—Bythocypris mozambiquensis, n. sp.: Variant A, female USNM 121606.
A, Antennule; B, maxilla; C, first thoracic leg; D, third (?) thoracic leg; E, basal podo-
mere of second (?) thoracic leg. A,C-E, X 152; B, X 301.
102 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
clear-cut to be named. The appendages of the two living specimens,
here termed variant A, appear to be fully mature, although no geni-
talia are observable. Their carapaces are identical in size and shape
to supposed juveniles in the subfossil assemblages; their inner lamellae
are present but very thin.
Zabythocypris, new genus
Erymo.tocy.—Greek za-, very, + Bythocypris.
TyprE-spEcies.—?Bythocypris heterodoza Chapman, 1910, p. 429,
pl. 56, fig. 20a, b.
Draenosis.—Carapace Very much compressed, in lateral outline
subcircular to angularly suboval, left valve very much higher than
right valve; fused marginal zone wide with straight radial pore canals;
muscle-scar pattern bythocypridine.
Male antenna without segmented sensory club, all distal setae
short; vibratory plate of first thoracic leg with 4 proximally segre-
gated featherless setae, 10 other setae of similar length, podomeres
and distal claw capable of being bent into a recurved hook; copulatory
organ without distinguishable copulatory tube; furca with 7 setae,
setae 2 and 4 longest.
SPECIES INCLUDED.—Recent species, by original binomen:
Bairdia exaltata Brady, 1880
?Bythocypris heterodoxa Chapman, 1910
Zabythocypris ancipita, new species
Zabythocypris helicina, new species
AFFINITIES.—This genus is most similar to the Bairdiinae of any
of the Bythocypriinae in the relatively consistent soft-part anatomy.
Ecotoay.—A characteristic form at abyssal depths.
Zabythocypris heterodoxa (Chapman), 1910
Fieures 56a-c, 57, 58
?Bythocypris heterodoxa Chapman, 1910, p. 429, pl. 56: fig. 20a, b.
MareriaL.—A single adult male USNM 121617 collected living
at Anton Bruun cruise 11 station 95, west of Peru.
A single adult valve of a more elongate and angulate form at Anton
Bruun cruise 8 station 410A in the Mozambique Channel.
A fragmentary valve at Albatross station 2385 southeast of the
Mississippi Delta.
Drwensions.—Adult male USNM 121617, left valve, length
1.79 mm, height 1.20 mm.
Left valve USNM 121618, length 1.20 mm, height 0.95 mm.
DisrrisuTion.—Chapman (1910) originally described this
species from three locations south of Funafuti at depths between
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 103
Ficure 54.—Zabythocypris helicina, n. sp.: A-FJH, Female USNM_ 121625; G, male (?)
specimen USNM 121626.
A, Genital lobe and furca; B, egg; C, maxilla; D,H, carapace interiors; FE, left interior
muscle-scar pattern; F, right valve anterior margin, exterior view; G, left exterior. A,C,
X 152; B, X 127;D, X29; E, X 75; F-H, x 43.
104 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 55.—Zabythocypris helicina, n. sp.: Adult female USNM 121625.
A, Antenna; B, third thoracic leg; C,F, mandible; D, second thoracic leg; E, antennule;
G, first thoracic leg. A,B, D-G, X 127; C, X 301.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 105
Ficure 56.—Zabythocypris heterodoxa (Chapman); A,C-E, Male from Anton Bruun cruise
11 station 95, USNM 121617; B, USNM 121618 from Anton Bruun cruise 8 station 410A.
A, First thoracic leg, X 127; B,C, carapace exteriors, X 29; D,E, copulatory organ and
furca, X 127.
106 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
SS
NSS5
S
\
Se,
Ficure 57.—Zabythocypris heterodoxa (Chapman): A-C, Male USNM 121617. Zabythocypris
sp. 1; D, USNM 121398.
A, Third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, maxilla; D, left valve exterior. A—C,
27D Ke29:
1050 and 1417 fms. It is recorded in the present study from the
Mozambique Channel, Gulf of Mexico, and southeast Pacific, at
depths of 3100, 1335, and 4332 meters.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 107
Ficure 58.—Zabythocypris heterodoxa (Chapman): Male USNM 121617.
A,B,F, Mandible; C, antennule; D,E, antenna. A,C,D, X 127; B,E,F, X 301.
108 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
A¥rFinities.—The specimen illustrated by Chapman is probably
a juvenile, because of its nearly circular lateral outline. The southeast
Pacific and Mozambique Channel specimens almost certainly belong
to different subspecies.
Zabythocypris exaltata (Brady), 1880
Bairdia exaltata Brady, 1880, pl. 9: fig. 2a-d.
Matertat.—Challenger lectotype specimen in slide 132, British
Museum (Nat. Hist.) cat. no. 81.5, from station 218, north of New
Guinea, at 1075 fms.
AFFINITIES.—This relatively thick-shelled species with nearly
circular lateral outline approaches most closely to the Bairdiinae of
all species of Zabythocypris, and its subdivided muscle-scar pattern
is an excellent one on which to trace the homologies between individual
scars of the bairdiine and bythocypridine patterns.
Zabythocypris ancipita, new species
FiacurE 59
Erymotoey.—Latin anceps, two-sided, double, ambiguous; from the
conspicuous dimorphism.
TYPE-SPECIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121620; paratypes USNM
121621-121624.
TyYPE-LOcALITY.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 363G.
DraGnosis.—Carapace thin but very large, expanded medially and
extremely compressed marginally; lateral outline of one form ap-
proaching rectangular, especially in right valve, dorsal margin very
gently rounded and so much compressed that dorsal and lateral
carapace lamellae are fused together, with pore canals traversing
this fused zone just as in the marginal area; second form much less
symmetrical in lateral view and more rounded, with steeply sloping
posterodorsal margin, narrowly rounded posteroventral margin, an-
terior margin broadly rounded, venter slightly concave, dorsal mar-
ginal area open rather than fused.
MarTeErtIaL.—Subfossil specimens only; subrectangular form found
at Anton Bruun stations 361B (1), 363G (8), 3633 (14), and 363K (4);
asymmetrical form found at Anton Bruun stations 360B (2), 363G
(13), 3633 (19), and 363K (15) [numbers in parentheses indicate
number of specimens in each collection].
Dimenstons.—Holotype USNM 121620, subrectangular left valve,
length 1.58 mm, height 1.15 mm.
USNM 121621, subrectangular right valve from Anton Bruun 363G,
length 1.59 mm, height 0.94 mm.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 109
Ficure 59.—Zabythocypris ancipita, n. sp.: A,B, Asymmetrical dimorph, USNM 121622;
C, symmetrical dimorph, USNM 121621; D, symmetrical dimorph, USNM 121620.
All exterior carapace views. All X 29.
USNM 121622, asymmetrical dimorph from Anton Bruun 363G,
right valve, length 1.51 mm, height 0.89 mm; left valve, length 1.58
mm, height 1.02 mm.
AFFINITIES.—Despite the extreme differences in lateral outline and
compression of left valve dorsal margin, the consistency with which
these two morphologic forms occur together in the same samples
suggests a linkage between them best explained as sexual dimorphism.
The symmetrical, nearly rectangular, dimorph is very similar in
structure to Z. exaltata (Brady), which also has a fused dorsal zone
in the left valve. However, the lateral outline of the latter is more
nearly circular; it is also more robust.
Zabythocypris helicina, new species
Figures 54, 55
Erymo.ocy.—Latin, Greek, heliz, spiral, coil.
TyYPE-SPECIMENS.—Holotype female USNM 121625; paratypes
USNM 121626-121629.
TyprE-LocaLiry.—Anton Bruun cruise 11 station 179.
MarertAu.—Eleven adult females and juveniles living at Anton
Bruun cruise 11 stations 113 and 179 in the southeast Pacific.
Four subfossil specimens at Albatross station 2385 in the Gulf of
Mexico.
110 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Diaanosis.—Carapace thin and very compressed; dorsal margin of
left valve gently arched, dorsal interlamellar space open, anterior and
posterior margins narrowly and nearly equally rounded, ventral
margin horizontal; lateral outline of right valve approaching rectilinear,
median dorsal margin short and straight, anterodorsal portion short
and sloping, posterodorsal margin longer and more steeply sloping.
Female genital lobe of peculiar structure, consisting of broad
hemicircular base and long, doubly coiled tube encased in curved
tubular sheath. Male with large symmetrical brush-shaped organ,
slightly reflexed first thoracic leg.
Dimenstions.—Adult female USNM 121625, left valve, length 1.46
mm, height 0.89 mm.
Juvenile male (?) USNM 121626, left valve, length 1.52 mm, height
0.92 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The genital lobe structure is unlike any other de-
scribed; the other appendage morphology is similar to that of Z.
heterodora (Chapman). No copulatory organ is observable on the only
male (juvenile?) specimen.
Zabythocypris species 1
Figure 57d
Materiau.—Four subfossil specimens from Albatross stations 5650
and 2808 in the Gulf of Mexico and Indonesia.
DiMENstons.—Specimen USNM 121398, left valve, length 1.42
mm, height 0.89 mm.
AFFINITIES.—These specimens, which may include two sexes or
even two species, are similar to but not identifiable with Z. exaltata
(Brady) and Z. ancipita, new species.
Anchistrocheles Brady and Norman, 1889
Anchistrocheles Brady and Norman, 1889, p. 110.—Brady, 1890, p. 496.— Miller,
1908, p. 100.
TypE-sPpEciEs.—Anchistrocheles fumata Brady, 1890, p. 497, pl. 3:
figs. 13, 14 (by Brady and Norman, 1889).
DiaGnosis.—Carapace small, very delicate, extremely compressed
especially marginally, reniform outline; broad fused marginal zone and
abundant straight radial pore canals; bythocyprid adductor muscle-
scar pattern.
Antenna with short thick podomeres and stout distal claw; distal
claws of antenna and thoracic legs with sharply angled tiny terminal
hooks; vibratory plate of first thoracic leg with 4 closely spaced,
featherless setae and few or no other setae; thoracic legs with podo-
meres 3 and 4 completely fused, podomere 1 without ventral setae;
mandible and maxilla elongated and with reduced setae.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE Lid
SPECIES INCLUDED.—Recent species whose soft parts have been
described, by original binomen:
Anchistrocheles fumata Brady, 1890
?Anchistrocheles aculeata Miller, 1908
Anchistrocheles bensoni, new species
Species assigned here on the basis of carapace structure:
?Cythere acerosa Brady, 1868a
Bairdia angulata Brady, 1870
Anchistrocheles bradyi Scott, 1905
Anchistrocheles antemacella, new species
AFFINITIES.—The most conspicuous feature of Anchistrocheles is its
generally juvenile aspect as compared to Bairdiinae structure. This is
especially visible in the foreshortened proportions and elimination of
certain podomeres and setae of the antennae and thoracic legs.
Presumably this is the result of reduction in size.
The widening of the fused marginal zone with increased carapace
compression is a trend that is seen also in certain species of Propontocy-
pris (Schedopontocypris) and especially in Propontocypris (Ekpontocy-
pris) Maddocks, as well as in many Paradoxostomatidae; in the case
of the latter the appendage structure is also deceptively simple. All
of these species characteristically inhabit the microfloral jungle
encrusting algae, marine grasses, corals, and coral fragment accumula-
tions in coral reefs and other very shallow-water habitats.
Anchistrocheles fumata Brady, 1890
FicuRE 60¢, f
Anchistrocheles fumata Brady, 1890, p. 497, pl. 3: figs. 13, 14.—Holden, 1967,
p. 45, fig. 35.
MartErIAL.—Nosy Bé, Madagascar; 9 specimens from 4 samples,
all subfossil, in carbonate sand among coral patch reefs just below
low tide level.
Dimensions.—USNM 121630, left valve, length 0.61 mm, height
0.32 mm; right valve, length 0.60 mm, height 0.31 mm.
AFFINITIES.—This form is perhaps slightly more highly arched
dorsally than that figured by Brady.
DistriputTion.—Reported by Brady (1890) from intertidal pools
of Samoa; by Holden (1967) in fossil Neogene submarine terraces of
Hawaii.
Anchistrocheles bradyi Scott, 1905
Ficures 60a—d
Anchistrocheles bradyi Scott, 1905, p. 373, pl. 1: figs. 34, 35.
Mareriau.—A single juvenile right valve from station LK-12,
Galle, Ceylon, from grassy intertidal flats.
£12 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Ficure 60.—Anchistrocheles bradyi Scott: A,B, USNM 121634 from Nosy Bé; C,D, USNM
121633 from Nosy Be; G, USNM 121632 from Ceylon. 4. fumata Brady: E,F, USNM
121630 4. (?) angulata (Brady): H, USNM 121635 from New Zealand. A. antemacella, n.
sp.: I,J, Juvenile USNM 121642; K,L, adult USNM 121641. 4. ? sp. aff. 4. aculeata
Miller; USNM 121637.
A-G, I-L, Carapace exterior views; H,M, carapace interior views. A-D,G,M, X 50;
ELE, >< 161;4- 1, X29:
Nosy Bé, Madagascar; 5 specimens from 4 samples, all collected
subfossil from carbonate sands near coral patch reefs in less than 10
meters of water.
Dimensions.—USNM 121632 from LK-12, right valve, length
0.68 mm, height 0.37 mm.
USNM 121633 from Nosy Bé, left valve, length 0.84 mm, height
0.44 mm; right valve, length 0.84 mm, height 0.42 mm.
USNM 121634 from Nosy Bé, left valve, length 0.78 mm, height
0.39 mm; right valve, length 0.78 mm, height 0.37 mm.
DistriBuTIOoN.—Described originally from the Gulf of Manaar near
Ceylon; reported here from Galle Harbor, Ceylon, and Nosy Bé,
Madagascar.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 113
Anchistrocheles? angulata (Brady), 1870
Figure 60h
Bairdia angulata Brady, 1870, p. 199, pl. 27: figs. 11, 12.—Brady, 1880, p. 59,
pl. 11: fig. 5a-d.
Anchistrocheles?, new species, of Triebel, 1960, pl. 20, fig. 44a-b.
Marteriau.—A single juvenile right valve from RM1004, George
Sound, New Zealand.
A single juvenile collected living at Eltanin station 740.
Dimenstons.—Juvenile right valve USNM 121635, length 0.51 mm,
height 0.29 mm.
DistriBuTION.—Described originally from the Straits of Magellan;
a very similar form was reported by Triebel (1960) from Bass Strait.
AFFINITIES.—The Eltanin specimen is smaller than the lectotype-
designate (Brady, 1870) but otherwise similar to it. The New Zealand
specimen is very much smaller and relatively more elongate.
The assignment to Anchistrocheles is based on the compressed cara-
pace and bythocyprid scar. Eventually another generic category may
be desirable to accommodate this species, A. aculeata Miiller, and
others with bairdian outlines.
Anchistrocheles? sp. aff. A. aculeata Miiller, 1908
FIGURE 60m
Anchistrocheles aculeata Miiller, 1908, p. 1, pl. 14: figs. 7-14; pl. 15: figs. 1-5.
MaTERIAL.—Six valves collected at Albatross station 4693, west of
Peru, at a depth of 1142 fms.
Dimensions.—USNM 121637, left valve, length including spines
1.07 mm, length excluding spines 0.92 mm, height 0.55 mm.
AFFINITIES.—A. aculeata Miller has more gently rounded lateral
outline and has eight small spines along the anterior margin rather
than the single long spine of this species; its posterodorsal margin
slopes less steeply to the smaller spine located near midheight. Both
species have bairdian outline, long terminal spine on left valve,
thickly pitted exterior, and bythocyprid muscle-scar pattern. Miiller’s
species was collected at 385 m. depth at the Gauss station, Antarctica.
As illustrated by Miiller, the mandible and maxilla are attenuate as
in Anchistrocheles, but the other appendages show normal proportions
and podomere-segmentation of Paranesidea.
Anchistrocheles bensoni, new species
FieureEs 61, 62
ErymoLtogy.—Named for Richard H. Benson, who collected this
and other exceptionally interesting ostracodes from Walterson Shoal
(under unusual hardships, including two broken ribs) during his
participation in cruise 7 of the Anton Bruun, International Indian
Ocean Expedition.
327-237 O - 69-9
114 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Figure 61.—Anchistrocheles bensoni, n. ap.: A,G,H, Male USNM 121638; B-F, female
A, Copul
ulator B, mandible; C, maxilla; D, genital lobe and furca; E-H, carapace
exteriors. A-D,
y organ;
< 301; E-H, 61.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE £15
Figure 62.—Anchistrocheles bensoni, n. sp.: A,D,F, Female USNM 121639; B,C,E, male
USNM 121638.
A, Antennule; B, second thoracic leg; C, third thoracic leg; D-E, antennae; F, first
thoracic leg. All & 301.
116 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
TYPE-SPECIMENS.—Holotype male USNM 121638; allotype female
USNM 121639; paratypes USNM 121640.
TyprE-LocaLity.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 381B.
Diaenosis.—Carapace reniform in lateral view with straight
dorsal margin, broadly rounded anterior and narrowly rounded posterior
margins, ventral margin deeply indented; females much larger than
males. Fused marginal zone very broad with abundant straight
radial pore canals, extending to anterodorsal and posterodorsal areas;
inner lamella black; copulatory organ with 5 digitiform projections
besides short curved copulatory tube. ;
Drivenstons.—Adult male USNM 121638, left valve, length 0.56
mm, height 0.30 mm; right valve, length 0.57 mm, height 0.28 mm.
Adult female USNM 121639, left valve, length 0.61 mm, height
0.34 mm; right valve, length 0.61 mm, height 0.33 mm.
AFFINITIES.—The carapace features represent extreme develop-
ment of trends seen in A. fumata; the soft-part anatomy is compatible
with that of A. species 1.
Anchistrocheles antemacella, new species
Figure 607-1
Argilloecia cylindrica Sars of Colalongo, 1965, p. 88, pl. 10: fig. 6.
Erymo.ocy.—Latin ante, before + macellus, thin.
TYPE-sPECIMENS.—Holotype USNM 121641; paratype USNM
121642—121643.
TYPE-LocaLity.—Anton Bruun cruise 7 station 369A.
DiaGnosis.—Carapace thin, moderately inflated, nearly equi-
valved; anteromarginal zone very strongly compressed; lateral
outline approaching rectangular with horizontal dorsal margin, very
slightly indented ventral margin, nearly vertical anterior margin,
and broadly rounded posterior margin; marginal zone moderately
wide and crossed by numerous straight radial pore canals.
MareErIAu.—Subfossil specimens, 62 from Anton Bruun stations
361A,G, 363E,J, 366A,C, 369A,D, and 407 in the Mozambique
Channel.
Dimenstons.—Adult USNM 121641, left valve, length 1.17 mm,
height 0.62 mm; right valve, length 1.15 mm, height 0.58 mm.
Juvenile USNM 121642, left valve, length 0.98 mm, height 0.51 mm;
right valve, length 0.98 mm, height 0.48 mm.
AFFInitiEs.—While the rectilinear outline and abundant short,
straight radial pore canals give this species some resemblance to
Zabythocypris, the equal size and moderate inflation of the valves
suggest that it might better be placed in the more flexibly defined
category Anchistrocheles.
REVISION OF RECENT BAIRDIIDAE 117
Ficure 63.—Anchistrocheles sp. 1: Female USNM 121644.
A, Genital lobe; B, right valve exterior, somewhat crumpled; C, first thoracic leg;
D, third thoracic leg; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, second thoracic leg; H, furca; I,
mandible. A,H,I, X 472; B, X 126; C-G, X 301.
118 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295 |
The form illustrated and identified as Argilloecia cylindrica Sars
by Colalongo (1965) is identical in lateral outline with Anchistrocheles. i
antemacella. The associated ostracode species of this Le Castella,
(Plio-Pleistocene) assemblage have close counterparts in the modern)
abyssal assemblages from which A. antemacella is identified Conse
pers. comm.).
Anchistrocheles species 1
FIGuRE 63 j
among patch reefs, just below tide level, at Ambariobe, Nosy Bem
Madagascar. The carapace is partly abesinnd and Crane
Druenstons.—Crumpled left valve, USNM 121644, length 0.50)
mm, height 0.21 mm.
Aprintrins. —The soft parts of this specimen identify it as ay
female of Anchistrocheles.
1
MatTertAt.—A single specimen collected living in carbonate sand: |
4
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Rathay, B. Sc. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 6, pp. 1-7, 132-144,
159-161, pls. 14, 15.
Sonn, I. G.
1960. Paleozoic species of Bairdia and related genera. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof.
Paper 330—-Z, 105 pp., 6 pls.
STEPHENSON, M. B.
1946. Glyptobairdia, a new genus of Ostracoda. Journ. Paleont., vol. 20,
pp. 345-347, 2 figs.
1947. Notes on the ostracode genus Triebelina. Journ. Paleont., vol. 21,
pp. 577-579.
Swain, F. M.
1967. Ostracoda from the Gulf of California. Geol. Soc. America, Memoir
101, 132 pp., 9 pls., 56 figs.
TREsSLER, W. L.
1941. Geology and biology of North Atlantic deep-sea cores between New-
foundland and Ireland. Part 4. Ostracoda. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof.
Paper 196-—C, pp. 95-106, pl. 19.
(22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
TreEssLER, W. L.—Continued
1949. Marine Ostracoda from Tortugas, Florida. Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 39, pp. 335-343.
1954. Marine Ostracoda. In Gulf of Mexico, Its Origin, Waters, and Ma-
rine Life. Fishery Bulletin 89, pp. 429-437.
TRIEBEL, E.
1948. Zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden-Gattung Triebelina. Senckenbergiana
vol. 29, pp. 17-22.
1960. Die taxionomische Stellung und die Gattung der Unterfamilie
Macrocypridinae (Ostracoda). Senck. Biol., vol. 41, pp. 109-124,
pls. 13-20.
Index
(Italic page numbers indicate major references and descriptions.)
abyssicola, Bairdia, 87
acerosa, Cythere, 111
actites, Bythocypris, 88
aculeata, Anchistrocheles, 111, 113; fig. 60
aduncicorpulenta, Neonesidea, 19, 20, 30;
fig. 10
affinis, Bairdia, 87, 90
Bythocypris, 90
affinis affinis, Bythocypris, 90; fig. 45
affinis madagascarensis, Bythocypris, 92;
fig. 45
Alanellinae, 5
albatrossa, Paranesidea, 42, 54; fig. 28
alcyonicola, Bairdoppilata, 67
alcyonicola, Bairdoppilata (Bairdop-
pilata), 71, 75, 83; figs. 3, 36, 37,
38
algicola, Paranesidea, 41, 46, 58; figs. 3,
2223, 242 pli 1
amygdaloides, Bairdia, 19, 20
Anchistrocheles, 2, 5, 6, 110
aculeata, 111, 113; fig. 60
angulata, 113; fig. 60
antemacella, 111, 116; figs. 3, 60
bensoni, 111, 113; figs. 3, 61, 62
bradyz, 111; fig. 60
fumata, 110, 111, 116; fig. 60
species 1, 116, 118; figs. 3, 63
ancipita, Zabythocypris, 102, 108, 110;
figs. 3, 59
angulata, Anchistrocheles, 113; fig. 60
Bairdia, 111, 113
antemacella, Anchistrocheles, 111, 116;
figs. 3, 60
antonbruuna, Neonesidea, 19, 20, 26;
figs. 3, 8
arenigena, Neonesidea, 19, 28, 33; fig. 9
Argilloecia cylindrica, 116, 118
arostrata, Bairdia, 4, 41, 46
Paranesidea, 46; fig. 21
attenuata, Bairdia, 19
BA, species, 20
Bairdia, 1, 6, 14
abyssicola, 87
affinis, 87, 90
Bairdia—Continued
amygdalozdes, 19
angulata, 111
arostrata, 4, 41, 46
attenuata, 19
bosquetiana, 87
carinata, 4
complanata, 87
coronata, 61, 68, 84
corpulenta, 4, 19, 31
crosskeiana, 19, 22, 23
crosskeyana, 24, 26
curta, 1
decipiens, 4, 19
dinochelaia, 19, 33
exaltata, 102, 108
folini, 87, 93, 95
formosa, 55
frequens, 4, 19
fusca, 19
gerda, 19, 24
gigacantha, 4, 41, 45
harpago, 4, 41, 43
hirsuta, 67, 79
incognita, 19
inflata, 19
inornata, 33
longevaginata, 4, 19
longisetosa, 19, 26
mediterranea, 4, 19
minor, 4, 19
obscura, 4, 19
obtusata, 87
phlegeri, 19
raripila, 4, 61
reticulata, 4, 33
rhomboidea, 61, 65, 66
roquebrunensis, 20, 60
serrata, 4, 60
simplex, 67, 77
simuvillosa, 19
subcircinata, 55
subdeltoidea, 4, 19
subdeltoidea conformis, 55
tenera, 33, 35
truncata, 61, 63
123
124
Bairdia—Continued
tuberculata, 61, 65, 66
victriz, 45, 46, 55, 79, 82
villosa, 67, 75
woodwardiana, 50
Bairdiidae, 14
Bairdiinae, 5, 14, 86, 108
Bairdiini, 5
Bairdoppzilata, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 61, 66
alcyonicola, 67
carinata, 67, 68, 69, 71; fig. 44
cratericola, 67
triangulata, 67, 68, 71
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata), 5, 6, 66,
84
alcyonicola, 71, 75, 83; figs. 3, 36,
37, 38
cratericola, 59, 76; fig. 39
cushmani, 68, 83; figs. 34, 35, 44
hirsuta, 77, 79, 83; fig. 43; pl. 2
martyni, 66
simplex, 77; figs. 3, 42
species 1, 83; fig. 41
species 2, 83; fig. 41
species 3, 83; fig. 27
villosa, 75; figs. 3, 40, 41
Bairdoppilata (Glyptobairdia), 4, 84
coronata, 84; figs. 3, 44
BB, species, 61
bensont, Anchistrocheles, 111, 1138; figs.
3, 61, 62
bermudezi, Glyptobairdia, 84
bosquetiana, Bairdia, 87
Bythocypris, 88
bradyi, Anchistrocheles, 111; fig. 60
Triebelina, 61, 63; figs. 32, 33; pl. 2
Bythocypridinae, 5, 86
Bythocypris, 2, 5, 6, 86, 87
actites, 88
affinis, 90
affinis affinis, 90; fig. 45
affinis madagascarensis, 92; fig. 45
bosquetiana, 88
complanata, 87
compressa, 87
elongata, 87, 90; fig. 46
eltanina, 87, 93; figs. 3, 47, 48, 49
heterodoxa, 102
laeva, 87
lucida, 87
mozambiquensis, 87, 99; figs. 46, 52,
53
obtusata, 88
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Bythocypris—Continued
prolata, 87, 93; fig. 46
rentformis, 87, 88, 93; fig. 3, 45
spiriscutica, 87, 96; figs. 3, 49, 50, 51
carinata, Bairdoppilata, 4, 67, 68, 69, 71,
fig. 44
Carinobairdia, 4, 84
Carinobairdiinae, 5
Carinobairdiini, 5
cheroconcha, Paranesidea, 41, 51; fig. 27
complanata, Bairdia, 87
compressa, Bythocypris, 87
conformis subdeltoidea, Bairdia, 55
coronata, Bairdia, 22, 61, 68, 84
Bairdoppilata (Glyptobairdia), 84;
figs. 3, 44
Triebelina, 84
corpulenta, Bairdia, 4, 19, 31
cracenticlavula, Neonesidea, 15, 19, 20,
26; figs. 3, 8
cratericola, Bairdoppilata, 67
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata), 59,
75; fig. 39
crosskeiana, Bairdia, 19, 20, 22, 23
crosskeyana, Bairdia, 24, 26
cubensis, Triebelina, 63
cushmant, Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata),
68, 83; figs. 34, 35
Nesidea, 24, 67, 68, 69, 70
cylindrica, Argilloecia, 116, 118
Cypridacea, 86
Cythere acerosa, 111
decipiens, Bairdia, 4, 19
dinochelata, Bairdia, 19, 33
Neonesidea, 20, 26, 32, 33; figs. 3,
12
elongata, Bythocypris, 87, 90; fig. 46
eltanina, Bythocypris, 87, 93; figs. 3, 47,
48, 49
exaltata, Bairdia, 102, 108
Zabythocypris, 108; 109, 110
folini, Bairdia, 87, 93, 95
formosa, Bairdia, 55
fracticorallicola, Paranesidea, 39, 41, 43;
figs. 3, 16, 17, 18; pl. 1
frequens, Bairdia, 4, 19
fumata, Anchistrocheles, 110, 111, 116;
fig. 60
fusca, Bairdia, 19
Index
Genus Uncertain species 1, 20, 59
gerda, Bairdia, 19
Neonesidea, 20, 24, 71; fig. 7
gierloffi, Neonesidea, 20, 26
Triebelina, 19, 22
gigacantha, Bairdia, 4, 41, 45
Paranesidea, 45; figs. 3, 20
Glyptobairdia, 5, 6, 7, 8, 68, 84
bermudezi, 84
harpago, Bairdia, 4, 41, 43
Paranesidea, 43; fig. 19
helicina, Zabythocypris, 102, 109; figs.
3, 54, 55
heterodoxa, Bythocypris, 102
Zabythocypris, 102, 110; figs. 56, 57,
58
hirsuta, Bairdia, 67, 79
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata), 67,
79, 83; fig. 43; pl. 2
hirta, Nesidea, 19
tfalikensis, Neonesidea schulzt, 19, 22
incognita, Bairdia, 19
indopacifica, Triebelina, 60, 61, 63
inflata, Bairdia, 19
tnornata, Bairdia, 33
Krithe, 88
labiata, Nesidea, 77
laeva, Bythocypris, 87
longevaginata, Bairdia, 4, 19
longisetosa, Bairdia, 19, 26
lucida, Bythocypris, 87
madagascarensis, Bythocypris affinis, 92;
fig. 45
martyni, Bairdoppilata, 66
mediterranea, Bairdia, 4, 19
Medwenitschia, 86
minor, Bairdia, 4, 19
mozambiquensis, Bythocypris,
figs. 46, 52, 53
87, 929;
Neonesidea, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 59
aduncicorpulenta, 19, 20, 30; fig. 10
antonbruuna, 19, 20, 26; figs. 3, 8
arenigena, 19, 28 33; fig. 9
cracenticlavula, 19, 20, 26; figs. 3, 8
dinochelata, 20, 26, 32, 33; figs. 3, 12
125
Neonesidea—Continued
gerda, 20, 24, 71; fig. 7
gierloffi, 20, 26
parilihamata, 19, 20, 26, 31, 33;
figs. 3, 11
pateriformis, 19, 20, 35; figs. 13, 14,
15
phlegeri, 20
schulzi, 20
schulzi ifalikensis, 19, 22; fig. 4
schulzi schulzt, 20, 22, 23, 71; figs.
3, 4, 5, 6
species 1, 32, 33; figs. 3, 12
species 2, 36, 83; fig. 10
tenera, 20, 33; pl. 2
woodwardiana, 20
Nesidea, 2, 19
cushmant, 24, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71
hirta, 19
labiata, 77
Nesideidae, 14
Nodobairdiinae, 5
obscura, Bairdia, 4, 19
obtusata, Bairdia, 87
Bythocypris, 88
Paradoxostomatidae, 111
Paranesidea, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20, 39, 60, 113
albatrossa, 42, 54; fig. 28
algicola, 41, 46, 58; figs. 3, 22, 23,
24; pl. 1
arostrata, 46; fig. 21
cheroconcha, 41, 61; fig. 27
fracticorallicola, 39, 41, 43; figs. 3,
16;/17;-18: pk 1
gigacantha, 45; figs. 3, 20
harpago, 43; fig. 19
species 1, 42, 57; fig. 27
species 2, 57; fig. 29
species 3, 57; figs. 3, 28; pl. 1
species 4, 58; fig. 28; pl. 1
spongicola, 41, 51; figs. 25, 26; pl. 1
parilihamata, Neonesidea, 19, 20, 26,
31, 33; figs. 3, 11
pateriformis, Neonesidea, 19, 20, 36; figs.
13, 14, 15
phlegeri, Bairdia, 19
Neonesidea, 20
prolata, Bythocypris, 87, 93; fig. 46
Propontocypris (Ekpontocypris), 111
(Schedopontocypris), 111
126
raripila, Bairdia, 4, 61
reniformis, Bythocypris, 87, 88, 93; figs.
3, 45
reticulata, Bairdia, 4, 33
reticulopuncta, Triebelina, 61, 63; figs.
3, 33; pl. 2
rhomboidea, Bairdia, 61, 65, 66
roquebrunensis, Bairdia, 20, 60
schulzi, Neonesidea, 20
Triebelina, 16, 19, 20
schulzi tfalikensis, Neonesidea, 19, 22;
fig. 4
schulzt, Neonesidea, 20, 22, 23, 71;
figs. 3, 4, 5, 6
schyroconcha, Triebelina,
figs. 3, 33; pl. 2
serrata, Bairdia, 4, 20, 60
sertata, Triebelina, 33, 61, 63, 86; figs.
3, 31, 32; pl. 2
simplex, Bairdia, 67, 77
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata), 77;
figs. 3, 42
sumuvillosa, Bairdia, 19
spiriscutica, Bythocypris, 87, 96; figs.
3, 49, 50, 51
spongicola, Paranesidea,
29, 26; pl. 1
subcircinata, Bairdia, 55
subdeltoidea, Bairdia, 4, 19
subdeltotdea conformis, Bairdia, 55
61, 65, 66;
41, 51; figs.
tenera, Bairdia, 33, 35
tenera, Neonesidea, 20, 33; pl. 2
triangulata, Bairdoppilata, 67, 68, 71
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 295
Triebelina, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 22, 41, 60, 84:)
86
bradyi, 61, 63; figs. 32, 33; pl. 2
coronata, 84
cubensis, 63
gierlo ffi, 19, 22
indopacifica, 60, 61, 63
reticulopuncta, 61, 63; figs. 3, 333)
pl. 2
schulzi, 16, 19 |
schyroconcha, 61, 65, 66; figs. 3, 33; .
Die |
sertata, 33, 61, 63, 86; figs. 3, 31, 32; j
pl. 2
tuberculata, 61
Triebelininae, 5
Triebelinini, 5
truncata, Bairdia, 61, 63
tuberculata, Bairdia, 61, 65, 66
Triebelina, 61
|
l
victriz, Bardia, 45, 46, 55, 79, 82
villosa, Bairdia, 67, 75
Bairdoppilata (Bairdoppilata),
figs. 3, 40, 41
75; |
woodwardiana, Bairdia, 19
Neonesidea, 20
Zabythocypris, 5, 6, 87, 102, 116
ancipita, 102, 108, 110; figs. 3, 59
ezaltata, 108, 109, 110 |
helicina, 102, 109; figs. 3, 54, 55 |
heterodoxa, 102, 110; figs. 56, 57, 58
species 1, 110; fig. 57
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