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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Bulletin 84 


A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF OPHIURANS 
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BY 


RENE K@HLER 
Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France 









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WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1914 







Mme fi 8 


oe >. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Issuep Aprit 9, 1914. 





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ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of 
two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended 
primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly acquired facts 
in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of 
animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually 
and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of 
copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others 
interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is 
- printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents 
of the volume. 

The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of sepa- 
rate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other 
general systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports 
of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The 
majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few 
instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. 

Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical 
collections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Her- 
barium, has been published as bulletins. 

The present work forms No. 84 of the Bulletin series. 


RicwarD RATHBUN, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 
In charge of the United States National Museum. 
Wasuineron, D. C., February 27, 1914. 


Ii 











TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


MnarodUcti anit teen aot ener ce aland foaine<in soem omnes cen nae aE eaeecwen ess cen enccenwanciacs= 
Family Ophiodermatide..........-.---------+------+--+ 220s eee eee e terre teers ee ote 
Ophioderma appressa (Say) ...--.--------- +--+ 22-0522 eee creer eens 
revicaudAslltkan ses csan cee sae aeninia eas oe ia ainiejee emai a =v nin = lamin 

brevispina (Say) -.-----.----------- 0-2-2222 eee cece eet e eee e eens 

emoeresa Miiller and Troschel- 2... .2-..--- +2 - 22-02 sce en en ndee ere sedeceee- see 

SMIHICUNC Mls Gk ene aoe aaa cai wae te - Seer eee aes Nein eles 

variegata Liitken............----------+- ++ 2-222 see eee e eee eee eee eee 

clypeata, new species -.....-.------- +--+ 22+ - 20 ee ener ee tere eee teers 

BPOCIEB. wenn e co cnc nm ne ie ete we nan ateln nese ee nn sense eee eRe Meclansar 

Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman) .....-----------------++--++20e0eeee reer sete eee eee 

Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman).....-...---------------+--++++ 222 cere eet eee reese eee 

Family Ophiolepidee.........-.-.------+0+2-+20ee 22 eee eee eee eee eee e eee t eee eeresesesss see 

Ophiolepis elegans Liitken..........-----------+---+- +222 2-22 2ee cece eeeeeecetee eee 

paucispina (Say)....-.--------------- 2-2 2ee eee cere eee teen ere t eet eee 

Ophiozona impressa (Liitken).......-.---------------+++++2 eee eee eee eres se eee essere eee 

nivea var. compta Verrill.........------------ +++ +2222 eee eee eee e eee tees 

Ophiomastus secundus Lyman......-..-----------------+-+++0e eer eee eer cte reese eres 

Ophioglypha convexa Lyman... ...------------------- +2222 2 cette ete t eects st tere eee 

coronata, new species. ....-.---------------++-++-+-- bis sists eines sete 2c Serer 

felerysiten Ua yea oe eaters nel Ne ere One sim = Somtarw hasan ars ope ain iat mca sini biarl ott 


sarsii (Liitken) ....-..-------------- +2222 eee eee eee eee entree cere eres 

sculptilis Lyman.......-..-.---------+2 2222 cece eee tree eee eset e eee 
Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman......---------------+ +2222 +22 ee eee e reeset ests terres 
lymani Wyville Thomson........---------------+---++++++22ereeee eter eee 


Ophiomisidium, new genus.........-.------------- 2-222 ee eee ee eset 
speciosum, new species....-..--------+ 2222-2222 eee e ener ett eee e ener 
pulchellum (Wyville Thomson)..........-.-----+-++++++++seeeeee reese 

Ophiocten hastatum Lyman..........--------------++eeeeee eset e nesses teeee tees eres 


ID Pe kw Wr? 


“a 


Family Amphiuride 
QOphiopholis/aculeata; (uamnseus) secession eee eee 
Ophicstigma jsacanthum) (Say) a) ce oe eae een eie eee eee eat 
Hemipholis’elongata (Say) 25s. sees aaee e ecra a aaa eeeeeate ete 
Ophiactisiasperula(Bhilippi) eon ese ere eee eer ae ee 
dispar (Verrill) 235202 Ssc- ance oe eee ees eeene ees eee 
duplicata(Ibyman) i=. 22 see cena ee ee eens eer eniea see eee 

milion ittken\a---~ 2-25-22 4 Saceaneee's We tee Se cele eet eee 

savignya (Miller andlroschel) Sees sseseenee ee ee ene ee 
Amphilepismorvegtcay (yumm an sre erent rsa ate alee ate eee te eaten eerie 
Ophiophragmus wundermani (Lyman). ...........-...-.-----.------------ 
@plioenid ay filoperear ey yarn a Tse eae aye aa ee eee 
lovenii(Lyjunpman)) soe oe sans Nate erence eee eee 
scabriuscula) (itken) soos os = ccc.) 2 ee ee nee eee eee erate 
‘Amphilimnay olivacea) (Taymiam))s 5-2 ease tae ale laa a eeeeee 
Ophionereisireticulatal (Say) os-c0c52-4= soe ee eee ee eee eee eee 
squamulosa, New Name. 22/252 Ds oes oes nw 2 see een aes 

Ophiopsila riisei Liitken. .......-..-...------- ne bse ss Hee eae eee 
maculatay(\Verrll)< osaccer sme eyee en eealee eee ae eee 
‘Amphiuraflextiosaysjunemanic: 22 es eee ae) ee rae ee eee oe 
latispinabjuneman 222 ey soe ee ee 

Tathbuni, New SpCCles- iss sae hes ee eee ee 
kinbergiensis, new species....- Sjetutana tas poo tema toto eeeaSe 

palmer ymanerqesctec eee seeeane eee eer eet semen eee 

fipulata, new, species. 3.2 55.5 bases ses saetiaiene oe ee eee 
Kiikenthali Koehler cove cccntenseye en oeceace see eee ee 
complanata sijunemans epee naman eeee a eee ee eae eee aren 
otteri(juneman senses se eee eee cee eee eee ne eee 
grandisquama Lyman...-.........-- PAE pEE SBCA cor Soaaeo= saan ee 

stimpsonL Ltitken.cs..csas-o= oo ogee ese eae eRe eee 
magellanica DLiyman: 23 i=): 5 = sise0 soc soe oaisiis ~ 32 eeeeise eos 
diducta;inew species. 055-5252. tbc aes coc cmcianeee ee eee 
Amphipholis squamata (Delle) Chiajie) iss ces. 2s. ee ae ae eras eee eee 
tenuispina Ljungman...........--..--- 43, sR OY eae a A 

pracillima, (Stimpson) < 2.5 -.4-42 4a. 2s seein eee see 

Ammphiodia) erecta, Mew SPCCLES= cist-iem raise eee see ae eee 
littkeny (ijuneman)) 2s en seeace ee ese eee ould See ae 

pulchella (Lyman) 2. 3.423..2 = Season osteeseeae eee eee 
Amphioplusiabdita i(Verll) so. 5.2 3. s2-he ae eoencsseise eee c een ener ae 
Cumestan (layman) eee sere ea eniee eee lee ee ee ee ee teeta 

Family Ophiomycetide 
Ophiomy.ces mirabilis iymanla se ee9- see eee ee eee eee 
Family Ophiacanthidze 
Q@phiacantha aculeata Verrillis. 252-2 fsaen ee bos see ee eee eee 
anomala Sars: <sc<.5 6 rc so 5s 2 5a oatem a ane Selacie ta ae eeeiree 

aspera Tiyman...2 2. 846 5 ohana Pa erce cencre see eee ee ee 
bidentatay((Retzus) i 25-3 acy mee eee eee 

echinulata Iuyman’s)5< 2255 255. Wa gosto cece eee ee 

GON Engin ppgdooseccoonas coed saseEe snose ssoossocossccne 

fraterna: Verrill. 522 22... tin sions tie os smesanie eee ese 

pranulifera, Vernlle <7 .o 27522 nectiecins sees seein ese = Sieh Maia 

lineata Koehlersa.-2hveetsath LeAnn ee see eee See ee 
Pentacrinusitkens2. 35 essa. pees seer te eae 
meridionalis!iiymans=.s. 2555 oeeee Me acer soe ol meee siaireces cee 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


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91 








TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Family Ophiacanthidee—Continued. 
Rica eE NAR VEDTAINCa MV MANee wee ceme socom: Seca aeneecpeceisee sabe ce cance esas qe oes 
PL Oa RPL rea ny MEN PINAR a ere tar Se ntne oraee cas Acute See uee se ee ttcs demaccccescues 
(Ophiopristis) permixtaimow species: .=. 2.6262 .c0-6 55 ists eecsu ese ewes ecs 
(@pntowreta) atinis: Mew BPCCION:cotale nee so ee bals mone knee oie twecass Se 
(Ophiotreta)/sertata (Tyyman). -< ><. -..-.--- Soc. coe cce sees sence SOE ence 
(Ophioireta)-valenciannest Diymans- 2-25... - 2222022 cess ecncncccdeness--eee 
Crabinmiirciaramentnin NOW SPAChesa. tows meee fo oatics case twas cece ew Seco ecco nebeae se 
NEVE NEW BPOCICN: a oan enn s ao ee win aaa ECAC Seems 
AVADEHIS WU YMATY) oss occ sce cee bm owe ee ee ree 
ONDSCus EW SP ECON: sree ease atin acl nce alot aera eas canine Sesame 
Onhiomitra toposes, MCW GDECIOS= waac'ec onc is <i’ oa'g Se = elec wissen ce con acet User neee dese cs 
VRB IN VINAowsa nese ne cect ee ho Soy. oc oe the ooo ae eee see asaneet 
Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman). ..............- ee raha siineion a ae arama deco ae oe 
OpbighmmatittoralistWoehlers ssc oes sce e occ s ancien se c+ nse mates sjomere acne cates 
Opiipledsinnimacksonhlenes ce srentec es chee saeco een Sheek aint eeee dn eee ce wawe ewe 
Ophiotrema gracilis, new species.............-.. Penta Seo onit a hoe eee ras eet 
G@pbiacameaxtasneray Verrillomy ere ss a Otek tee eee see On Se oie meter eo cicn brats Sewanee woe Soke 
PARCUCUUR GA? Wo INIA ee eee ee ee eee Ge Ae eile oo Sotsm ete nae aeeinee ce seek 
Ophialopimyis peCcUMGUAy NOW SPECIES sets scsce gels tise lemme news casceer sen wecete dawsnche 
OpNriachicon! Stan Os AV CMU Lee were ae cleete aclteets\s entsiow oes alse we cra ss ae e ome ae elane csc 
PER SRNR Oy EALET ES ERSTE Ses aerate et ene eR ola he ea ein aa olnic Sie ain ev oes ome mingwsiow vale 
Onbiocoma slexandrevsyMan scan scoot cerca stews p eee gee oe SSpesksremae ta eoet es 
Scbminte (UMAMArOk)*=2.2-neceeaace dene ae acess save salen sence eke er Scen 
UMMM AM UKE) o-cneteem see Gree Ae wem see aca agi veins cane cosee user eee aie see's 
MTS MLK: seems ine Cee SORE cM asa h coe Sows rue war sake ates 
PESRUYE AL VCRs eT AE (2) Ol eet stein ne th SE as eran St ne mame = wm aie eich s orm ar een cer oe 
Ophiothrix angulata (Say).............- Bee esate noses mew tee eae entice sei eee ee 
lineata Lyman. ....... Se eos os Saree ence ame Vida oe ete tee Leyes eee ee 
CBISLCais Lit kane sees eect ee ae fe sie ree sewn aitecwicteuaaetcesbEeks 


CODVONILA MEW, BP CClOS sae cs arichenaeee Soe as sect ete wow wee beisieiec acetawie see o” 

GATTI YEO ATORCO GCI CEA Sara means nee lorie e Sees ada = Waehinatmeaaoce. tence Lon beeches oes 
Ophioscolex: rlacislis Mulleriand. Troschel 252.02. c Scnios ono wesc anes emp oe yee sewn ses 
Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species........ Barge et alata antic Pe loss cum inmin Stele ese ee see 
Ophiobyrsellaiquadrispinosa, New SPECles! o.-- 2 Sa teeae soso wes sew ecitcbaeesdeeneneveen ae 
amir yg) piocnonariG tert ames tee eee tae cn cle oe te mses ek oe con cate seein eine ae 
Ophiochondrus granulatus, new species. ..........-...--.-.--------- Son See a iar 
SrIpa CUS (MCs Der eee me neeet a seine ieee teste i eee eee aee 

BaIAYL SOD MONEY XIE 95 leary ae eee oe, asa aca eas en ls a zens a Newap Seles Gusset ne Peer 
OPHIGHEy Ka ACCOR (SRY) sae eee ea tee coe ee ae ee wena rote eaee Ce ane 
Opbiguera, sum PsONI (LV IAM eee taia sete also Hs, one ac aetas Sede Soe yeas amclaeia ee «oes aie 
anit op enHeULVANGse ccm ten cetecmm sees as cas eens on cael tates Ssame reece ye ese l eee 
Ripabela Guntlora We WinpOCled Soest saeco Se sab Gaia) oo tiad ae aa eptan a oa beau nsce ee cleininc ier 
BEXTACIAIA, TOW BUCCIOS: «50 cosine an oot Sowa eae woes suman Saws se se eee ere 
MAMilyeAStrOCnenNGm se cOen en oe ares «ab aeke eats See oe ere enae chee te cae oe 
AB OCHe MA Clonal ms ew) SPECIOR sere ce aco nea ce en htc nk oes se codon om em aac ieee ae 

Br PhicerapnicalelerenCes| eae ccs samc fae can nice clas an cnioaow ancien aie ccsewisiotg ee uinns acies eons 
Epa aie EAL Odie mee eminine xt iasteaiseinsias sicmiveneiynice mien ame aah == een Soak oe 
Supplementary list of West Indian Ophiurans.............-.------------- +2222 22s eee eee ee eee 








A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OPHIURANS 
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Ren&é Ke@auter. 
Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The United States National Museum has been kind enough to entrust to me the 
study of a considerable collection of ophiurans coming chiefly from the Caribbean 
Sea, and including both littoral and deep-sea forms.' This collection contains a 
certain number of new species additional to those already discovered by the United 
States Coast Survey steamer Blake in the same waters. Among the species which 
are already known, many are very common and offer no special interest, but there 
are also a good many others the characters of which have not been indicated by 
the authors in a satisfactory manner, so that I have found it necessary to study 
them in detail. Among them, I have particularly devoted my attention to the 
species of Amphiura and Ophiacantha, both genera being understood in the widest 
sense. It seemed to me useful not to limit my observations to the species repre- 
sented in the collection which had been entrusted to me, but to extend them to 
certain neighboring forms, the knowledge of which was likely to help toward an 
understanding of the former. I will describe and illustrate these forms in the 
present paper and I think that I shall not be reproached with having made it too 
long through such additions. 

For such a comparative study, I had to have recourse to the examination of 
a certain number of type-specimens, the most important and most numerous of 
which had been described either by Liitken or by Ljungman. These types, which 
are kept in the Stockholm Museum and in the Copenhagen Museum were most 
kindly communicated to me by Professor Théel and my very good friend Doctor 
Mortensen, to whom I beg to tender my best thanks for their kindness. The United 
States National Museum communicated to me also a few of Professor Verrill’s 
species. 

The collection which has been handed to me includes in all 129 species, of which 
24 are new. Here is a list of them: 


Family OPHIODERMATID2. 


Ophioderma appressa (Say). Ophioderma variegata Liitken. 
Ophioderma brevicauda Liitken. Ophioderma clypeata, new species. 
Ophioderma brevispina (Say). Ophioderma, species. 

Ophioderma cinerea Miller and Troschel. Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman). 
Ophioderma rubicunda Liitken. Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman). 


1To complete the published records of West Indian ophiurans in the United States National Museum a list is appended 
of specimens identified by the Hon. Theodore Lyman but never reported on. i 


2 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Ophiolepis elegans Liitken. 
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say). 
Ophiozona impressa (Liitken). 


Ophiozona nivea var. compta Verrill. 


Ophiomastus secundus Lyman. 
Ophioglypha convera Lyman. 


Ophioglypha coronata, new species. 


Ophioglypha elevata Lyman. 
Ophioglypha falcifera Lyman. 
Ophioglypha fasciculata Lyman. 
Ophtoglypha inornata Lyman. 
Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman. 
Ophioglypha lepida Lyman. 
Ophioglypha ljungmant Lyman. 
Ophioglypha lymani Ljungman. 


Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnzus). 
Ophiostigma isacanthum (Say). 
Hemipholis elongata (Say). 
Ophiactis asperula (Philippi). 
Ophiactis dispar (Verrill). 
Ophiactis duplicata (Lyman). 
Ophiactis miillert Liitken. 


Family OPHIOLEPIDA. 


Ophioglypha robusta (Ayres). 
Ophioglypha sarstt (Liitken). 
Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman. 
Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman. 
Ophiomusium lymanit Wyville Thomson. 
Ophiomusium planum Lyman. 
Ophiomusium rugosum, new species. 
Ophiomusium sculptum Verrill. 
Ophiomusium serratum Lyman. 
Ophiomusium testudo Lyman. 
Ophiomustum validum Ljungman. 
Ophiomusium armigerum Lyman. 
Ophiomisidium speciosum, new species. 
Ophiomisidium pulchellum (Wyville Thomson). 
Ophiocten hastatum Lyman. 


Family AMPHIURID@. 


Amphiura rathbuni, new species. 
Amphiura kinbergiensts, new species. 
Amphiura palmerit Lyman. 
Amphiura fibulata, new species. 
Amphtura kiikenthali Koehler. 
Amphiura complanata Ljungman. 
Amphiura otteri Ljungman. 


Ophiactis savignyt (Miller and Troschel). 
Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman). 
Ophiophragmus wundermant (Lyman). 


Amphiura grandisquama Lyman. 
Amphiura stimpsont Liitken. 
Amphiura magellanica Lyman. 


Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman. 
Opiocnida loveni (Ljungman). 
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Liitken). 
Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman). 
Ophionereis reticulata (Say). 


Ophionereis squamulosa, new name. 


Ophiopsila ritset Liitken. 
Ophiopsila maculata Verrill. 
Amphiura flecuosa Ljungman. 
Amphiura latispina Ljungman. 


Amphiura diducta, new species. 
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje.) 
Amphipholis tenuispina Ljungman. 
Amphipholis gracillima Stimpson. 
Amphiodia erecta, new species. 
Amphiodia liitkent (Ljungman). 
Amphiodia pulchella (Lyman). 
Amphioplus abdita (Verrill). 
Amphioplus cuneata (Lyman). 


Family OPHIOMYCETIDA. 


Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman. 


Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill. 
Ophiacantha anomala Sars. 
Ophiacantha aspera Lyman. 
Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius). 
Ophiacantha echinulata Lyman. 
Ophiacantha enopla Lyman. 
Ophiacantha fraterna Verrill. 
Ophiacantha granulifera Verrill. 
Ophiacantha lineata Koehler. 
Ophiacantha pentacrinus Liitken. 
Ophiacantha meridionalis Lyman. 
Ophtacantha vepratica Lyman. 


Family OPHIACANTHIDA. 


Ophiacantha vivipara Ljungman. 

Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) permtata, new species. 
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) afints, new species. 
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) sertata (Lyman). 
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) valenciennest Lyman. 
Ophiomitrella americana, new species. 
Ophiomitrella levis, new species. 

Ophiomitrella levipellis (Lyman). 
Ophiomitrella porrecta, new species. 
Ophiomitra robusta, new species. 

Ophiomitra valida Lyman. 

Ophtopora bartletti (Lyman). 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 


Ophiolimna littoralis Koehler. Ophiocamazx fasciculata Lyman. 
Ophioleda minima Kcehler. Ophiologimus secundus, new species. 
Ophiotrema gracilis, new species. Ophiochiton grandis Verrill. 


Ophiocamaz austera Verrill. 


Family OPHIOCOMID. 


Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman. Ophiocoma pumila Liitken. 

Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck). Ophiocoma riiset Liitken. 
Family OPHIOTHRICIDA. 

Ophiothrix angulata (Say). Ophiothrix suensonii Liitken. 


Ophiothriz lineata Lyman. 
Ophiothrix erstedii Liitken. 


Ophiothrix convoluta, new species. 





Family OPHIOSCOLECID. 


Ophioscolex glacialis Miller and Troschel. Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, new species. 
Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species. | 


Family OPHIOCHONDRIDZ. 
Ophiochondrus granulatus, new species. | Ophiochondrus armatus (Koehler). 


Family OPHIOMYXIDZ. 
Ophiomyza flaccida (Say). | Ophiodera stimpsonti (Lyman). 
Family HEMIEURYALID@. 
Sigsbeia conifera, new species. | Sigsbeia sexradiata, new species. 
Family ASTROCHEMID. 
Astrochema elongatum, new species. | 
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 


Family OPHIODERMATID. 
OPHIODERMA APPRESSA (Say). 
(=Ophioderma virescens Liitken.) 
See for bibliography: 
Lyman (82),' p. 9. 
Verrill (99), p. 6. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 242. 
H. L. Clark (01a), p. 340. 
Verrill (07), p. 326. 
Keebler (07), p. 280. 
Keehler (18), p. 353. 
Albatross station 2323. Jan. 17,1885. Lat. 23°10’ 51’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 03’” 
W.; 163 fathoms; wh. br. co. One specimen. 
Albatross station 2337. Jan. 19,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” 
W.; 199 fathoms; co. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7182. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29°; long. 83° 18’ 45” W.; 
53 fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 15.3° C. Three specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, , 1902. Lat. 28° 26’ N.; long. 83° 02’ 30’ 
W.; 74 fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 13° C. One specimen. 


1 The figures in parentheses, printed in boldface type, refer to the bibliographic index at the end of the paper. 


4 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Fish Hawk? station 7253. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55’ 30’’ N.; 
long. 83° 11’ 30’’ W.; 13 fathoms; ¢. r.2; temp. 15.2° C. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7281. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 03’ 30’ N.; 
long. 83° 10’ W.; 10 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Two specimens. 

Sand Key Reef, Florida. Four specimens. 

Garden Key, Florida. One dry specimen. 

Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen. 

Florida. One dry specimen. 

Abaco, Bahamas. Eleven specimens. 

Hungry Bay, Bermudas. Three specimens. 

Key West. Three specimens. 

Swan Islands. Three specimens. 

Ascension Island. One specimen. 


OPHIODERMA BREVICAUDA Liitken. 

See for bibliography: 

Liitken (59), p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 3. 
Lyman (65), p. 16. 

Lyman (82), p. 9. 

Verrill (99), p. 5. 

Keehler (07), p. 281. 

Keebler (18), p. 354. 

Albatross station 2604. Oct. 18,1885. Lat. 34° 37’ 30’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 45’ 
W.; 34 fathoms; yl. s. brk. sh. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19,1885. Lat. 34° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 76° 12’ 00’ 
W.; 22 fathoms; ers. gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7164. Noy. 21, 1901. Pepperfish Key. Lat. 83° 37’ 20’ 
N.; long. 29° 10’ 45’ W.; 8? fathoms; s.; temp. 18° C. One specimen. 

Abaco, Bahamas. Some specimens. 

Key West. One specimen. 

Ascension Island. One specimen. 

The specimens from Abaco are rather large, but they have almost completely 
lost their color, as have those from stations 2604 and 7164 and that from Ascension. 
The two smaller specimens from station 2608 have partly preserved their greenish 
a OPHIODERMA BREVISPINA (Say). 

(=Ophiura olivaceum Ayres and O. serpens Liitken.) 

See for bibliography: 


Lyman (82), p. 9. 
Verrill (99), p. 4. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 241. 
Keehler (07), p. 281. 
Verrill (07), p. 326. 
Keehler (18), p. 354. 





1 The steamers Fish Hawk, Albatross, and Speedwell and the schooner Grampus are vessels of the United States Fish Com- 
mission now known as the United States Bureau of Fisheries. 

2 The abbreviations for bottom materials are those used by the Bureau of Fisheries in its published records of dredging and 
other stations. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 


Albatross station 2467. July 3, 1885. Lat. 45° 23’ N.; long. 55° 41’ W.; 38 
fathoms; fne. wh. s. bk. sp.; temp. 35.8° F. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7181. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29° 2’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 14’ 
W.; 4} fathoms; sdy.; temp. 14.8° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7221. Jan. 15,1902. Lat. 28° 34’ 45’ N.; long. 83° 08’ W.; 
5} fathoms; c. r. grs.; temp. 12.5° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7223. Jan. 17, 1902. Lat. 28° 36’ N.; long. 82° 57’ W.; 
3 fathoms; sdy. grsy.; temp. 11.6° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7225. Jan.17, 1902. Lat. 28° 42’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 09’ 45” 
W.; 7 fathoms; s. brk. sh. grs.; temp. 12.2°C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7277. Feb. 13, 1902. Key West. 5} fathoms; co. s. 
grs.; temp. 20° C. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7354. Dec.17, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25° 10’ 10’ N.; 
long. 81° 28’ 30’” W.; 4? fathoms; h. gy. s.; temp. 23.5° C. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7373. Dec.19, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25° 01’ N.; long. 
81° 25’ 30’’ W.; 44 fathoms; sp. s. sh.; temp. 23° C. Three specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7426. Jan. 27, 1903. Hawk Channel; 18 feet; s. and 
grs.; temp. 23.5° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7429. Jan. 27,1903. Hawk Channel; 14 feet; rky. Four 
specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7466. Feb. 19,1903. Hawk Channel; 24 fathoms. barry. 
Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Hawk Channel; 23 fathoms. Two 
specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7484. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; 13 
fathoms; s. grs. ‘Two specimens. 
Grampus station 5108. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26° 19’ N.; long. 83° 11’ W.; 27 
fathoms; m. Three specimens. 
Florida: 
Key West. Forty-eight specimens. 
Key Largo. Forty-eight specimens. 
Indian Key. Seven specimens. 
Lower Matacumba. Two hundred and twelve specimens. 
Cape Romano. One specimen. 
Cedar Keys. Sixty-nine specimens. 
Boca Ceiga Bay. Three specimens. 
Sarasota Bay. Four specimens. 
Puntarasa. A few specimens. 
St. Augustine. One dry specimen. 
Dry Tortugas. Three specimens. 
NW. end St. Martin’s reef. One specimen. 
No label. Three specimens. 
O. brevispina offers a wide geographical range, and the synonymy with 
O. olivacea being admitted, the species would extend from Cape Cod and Vineyard 
Sound to the Brazilian coasts, where it has been reported by Ludwig. Verrill 
is rather inclined to see in the form olivacea, which had formerly been described as 
a distinct species, a northern variety living between Cape Cod and Charleston. 


6 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


IT do not think that this species can be united with O. januari Liitken. I 
have been able to compare with the numerous specimens of O. brevispina which I 
have been studying of late years, one of Liitken’s two types which are preserved in 
the Copenhagen Museum and which were most kindly lent to me by Doctor Mortensen. 
It is undoubtedly quite a distinct form; besides the fact that O. januarii always 
reaches a very large size (the diameter of the disk is 18 mm. in Liitken’s types 
and 17 mm. in Lyman’s example), I notice that the characters indicated by Litken 
are very obvious, and the notches of the upper face of the disk at the beginning 
of the arms are even still deeper than indicated on Liitken’s drawing; the spines, 
which are cylindrical, are almost as long as the article. To sum up, the differences 
are important enough to justify the separation of the two species, between which 
I have never observed any intermediate form. 

OPHIODERMA CINEREA Miiller and Troschel. 
(=Ophioderma antillarum Liitken.) 

See for bibliography: 

Verrill (99), p. 6. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 242. 

Verrill (07), p. 325. 

Keehler (07), p. 281. 

Keehler (13), p. 354. 

Albatross station 2160. Apr. 30,1884. Lat. 23°10’ 31’’N.; long. 82° 20’ 37” 
W.; 167 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2166. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’ 
W.; 196 fathoms; co.; temp. 71.9° F. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2326. Jan.17, 1885. Lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 54’” 
W.; 194 fathoms; br. co.; temp. 62° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2330. Jan. 17,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 15’ 
W.; 121 fathoms; fne. gy. co. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2333. Jan. 19,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 12’’ 
W.; 169 fathoms; fne. wh. co. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2334. Jan. 19,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 24’’ 
W.; 67 fathoms; wh. co. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2336. Jan. 19,1885. Lat. 23°10’ 48’’ N.; long. 82° 18” 52”’ 
W.; 157 fathoms; co. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2341. Jan. 19,1885. Lat. 23° 11’ 00’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 06’ 
W.; 143 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28° 45’ 00’” N.; long. 88° 15’ 30’ 
W.; 940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. Eight specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7231. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 03’ 30’ N.; 
long. 83° 10’ W.; 10 fathoms; rky. ¢.; temp. 13.5° C. Three specimens. 

Key West, Florida. Three specimens. 

New Providence, Bahamas. Three specimens. 

Port Castries, St. Lucia. One specimen. 

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Albatross, Dec. 27, 1887. Nine dry specimens, very 
large and fine. The diameter of the disk ranges between 20 and 26 mm. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i 


OPHIODERMA RUBICUNDA Liitken. 
- See for bibliography: 
Verrill (96), p. 6. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 242. 
Keehler (07), p. 282. 
Keehler (18), p. 354. 
Nassau. One specimen (No. 14646). 
OPHIODERMA VARIEGATA Liitken. 
Ophioderma variegata LiitKEN (59), p. 97. 
Ophioderma variegata LauNGMAN (66), p. 304. 
Ophiura variegata VERRILL (67), p. 254. 
Ophiura variegata LyMAn (75), p. 3. 
Ophiura variegata Lyman (82), p. 10. 
Ophioderma variegata Liivken and Mortensen (99), p. 100. 
Ophioderma variegata Kauter (07), p. 282. 

Albatross station 2824. Apr. 30, 1888. Gulf of California. Lat. 24° 22’ 
30’’ N.; long. 110° 19’ 30’’ W.; 8 fathoms; brk. sh. Ten specimens. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 5 and 8 mm.; the length of the arms 
reaches 25 mm. 

Most of the specimens have preserved bright colors. The upper face of the 
disk is pink or even red, washed with green in the interradial spaces near the margin 
of the disk; the under face is greenish. The arms are annulated with green and 
red. These colors are even brighter than is generally indicated. 

By their general structure, these specimens are most closely allied with 
O. brevispina from the Atlantic, from which they differ above all by their colora- 
tion. The brachial spines, generally amounting to seven, are short. O. variegata 
is likely to be one day definitely classified with O. brevispina, as some writers have 
already suggested. 

OPHIODERMA CLYPEATA, new species. 


Plate 18, figs. 2 and 6. 


Blake station.241. Feb. 24, 1879. Off Grenadines; 163 fathoms; s., co.; 
temp. 53° F. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6514, U.S.N.M. 

This Ophiura was labeled Ophioderma elaps? It was mentioned under the 
same name, followed as well by a note of interrogation, by Lyman in 1883 (88, 
p- 230), with other individuals coming from two other stations (depths 300 and 120 
fathoms), and which I have not seen. 

Lyman says only that these specimens differ from Liitken’s type in having 
from six to seven brachial spines instead of from seven to eight. In fact, the differ- 
ences are actually more important, and I have been able to appreciate them by 
comparing the specimen which belongs to the United States National Museum with 
one of Liitken’s types, which my friend Doctor Mortensen has kindly lent me 
It seems to me impossible that this specimen should be united with O. elaps, and, 
in my opinion, it ought to constitute a new species for which I propose the name 
of Ophioderma clypeata. 

6061°—Bull. 84—14——2 


8 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


I give here (pl. 18, figs. 2 and 6) two photographs representing the upper and 
under faces of the new species, and, for comparison, a photograph of the under face 
of O. elaps (fig. 4); the upper face of the disk and a side view of the arms of the latter 
species are represented on plate 1, figs. 1 and 2. 

The new species being fairly near to O. elaps, it will be sufficient to indicate 
here the differences which separate them. 

The diameter of the disk is 29 mm. and the largest arm is 142 mm. long. 

The notches of the upper face of the disk of O. clypeata, at the beginning of the 
arms, are less strongly marked than in O. elaps; they do not reach beyond the second 
upper brachial plate, and, moreover, the first of these two plates is extremely short 
and rudimental; it may even be completely lacking; while in O. elaps, the notch 
extends at least as far as the middle of the third upper brachial plate. The shape 
of the upper brachial plates is the same in both species, but the under plates of 
O. clypeata are very much widened, and they are much wider than long, with a 
convex distal edge and rounded sides, while in O. elaps, these plates are almost 
square, nearly as wide as long, and the lateral edges remain straight; they join the 
distal side by a rounded angle only. 

The number of the brachial spines is always inferior by one unit to that observed 
in O. elaps as it has been indicated by Lyman. This number, which is seven at the 
base of the arms, afterwards decreases to six. Excepting the first ventral spine, 
which is more developed, all these spines are almost as long as the article and they 
are clearly more elongated than in O. elaps; consequently, the difference between 
the length of the first ventral spine and that of the following spines is not so strongly 
marked as in the latter species; in return, this first ventral spine is a little more 
widened here. 

Lastly, the shape of the mouth shields is altogether different in the two species. 
Instead of being triangular, as long as wide, with a rounded apex, a convex distal 
edge and very widely rounded lateral angles, these shields are rather quadrangular: 
they are somewhat longer than wide and their distal side, which is very clearly 
excavated, joins the lateral edges in angles which are more open and much more 
broadly rounded than in O. claps. These lateral edges are hardly convergent and 
they are united by a very convex proximal edge, but they do not join in an angle, 
as is the case for this latter species. The shield which carries the madreporic pore 
is more particularly elongated and it is one-and-a-half times longer than wide. 

The sum of these characters seems important enough to account for a specific 
separation for this Ophioderma, which perhaps does not abandon a certain depth. 


OPHIODERMA, species ?, young. 


Plate 2, figs. 1-2. 


Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen (Ace. No. 41471). 

I can not specifically determine a very young specimen which evidently belongs 
to the genus Ophioderma, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 4.5 mm., 
while its arms reach only 10 mm. This example is remarkable, owing to the fact 
that the various parts of the body are almost entirely covered with very numerous 
granules which appear on certain plates or plate-parts which ought to be bare in 


Ne Tone 
roa 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 


the adult. Thus the central part of the upper and under brachial plates alone is 
visible, and the bare parts of these plates remain separated from one another by 
several rows of granules. These completely cover the lateral plates and the mouth 
pieces, which in consequence entirely disappear. On the upper face of the disk, 
however, the radial shields are distinct and completely bare. The brachial spines 
amount to six only: They are short, small, conical, pointed, rather loosely set 
together, and the first ventral one is a little larger than the others. The two suc- 
cessive genital slits, which normally exist in the genus Ophioderma on each side of 
the interradial spaces at the base of the arms, are already well shaped and well 
separated. 

This specimen must be a young one of a rather large-sized species, perhaps 
of O. cinerea. Owing to its peculiar characters, I beg to present here two illus- 
trations which represent respectively its upper and its under face (pl. 2, figs. 1, 2). 


OPHIARACHNELLA (=PECTINURA) ANGULATA (Lyman). 


Pectinura angulata Lyman (88), p. 232, pl. 3, figs. 7-9. 

Pectinura angulata VERRit (99), p. 8. 

Ophiarachnella angulata H. L, Crarx (09), p. 124. 

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39” N.; long. 80° 20’ 21” 
W.; 213 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

The example is in good state, although one of the arms has been broken from 
its base; the diameter of the disk is 25 mm., and the length of the arms exceeds 
120mm. It is altogether in conformity with Lyman’s description: There are three 
pairs of pores at the beginning of the arms and the tentacular scales are really two. 
It was owing to a misprint, which H. L. Clark pointed out with reason, that I 
indicated a single tentacular scale when comparing this species with Pectinura 
honorata (04, p. 8). 

The Blake dredged O. angulata between 88 and 248 fathoms, and the Bahama 
expedition found it again on the Bahama Bank. 


BATHYPECTINURA TESSELLATA (Lyman). 
See for bibliography: 
H. L. Clark (09), p. 130. 


Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28° 45’ N.; long. 88° 15’ 30” W.; 
940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. One specimen. 


Family OPHIOLEPID.®. 
OPHIOLEPIS ELEGANS Liitken, 
Ophiolepis elegans LiitKEN (59), p. 105. 
Ophiolepis elegans Lyman (65), p. 58, pl. 2, fig. 5. 
Ophiolepis elegans LyMAN (82), p. 20. 
Ophiolepis elegans Ives (89), p. 175. 
Ophiolepis elegans H. L. Cuarx (01), p. 242. 
Albatross station 2605. Oct. 18, 1885. Lat. 34° 35’ 30’ N.; long. 75° 45’ 30’" 
W.; 32 fathoms; wh.s. bk. sp. One specimen. 


10 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19, 1885. Lat. 34° 32’ N.; long. 76° 12’ W.; 
22 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens. 

Grampus station 5076. Mar. 1, 1889. Lat. 25° 24’ N.; long. 83° 28’ W.; 
39 fathoms; gr. co. fne. sh. One specimen. 

Grampus station 5088. Mar. 11, 1889. Lat. 25° 44’ 32’’ N.; long. 83° 24’ 
15’’ W.; 34 fathoms; fne.s. Two specimens. 

Grampus station 5100. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 04’ N.; long. 83° 00’ W.; 
26 fathoms; hrd. blk. gr. One specimen. 

Grampus station 5102. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 08’ N.; long. 83° 22’ W.; 
33 fathoms; s. blk. sp. One specimen. 

Grampus station 5109. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26° 17’ 30’ N.; long. 83° 00’ W.; 
24 fathoms; fne. gy. s. blk. sp. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7108. Mar. 28, 1901. N. Channel into Tampa Bay; 12} 
fathoms; br. sh. and s.; temp. 19.1° C. Ten specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7180. Nov. 27, 1901. North Key; 34 fathoms; sdy. rky.; 
temp. 14.5° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7210. Dec. 9,1901. Lat. 28° 50’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 11’ 45’” 
W.; 6 fathoms; sdy. stcky.; temp. 16.5° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7261. Jan. 29, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 42’ 30’ N.; 
long. 82° 46’ 50’” W.; 3} fathoms; hrd. brk. sh.; temp. 15.5° C. Four specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7290. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46’ 12’’ N.; long. 81° 53’ 
30’’ W.; 104 fathoms; co.; temp. 19° C. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7291. Feb. 24, 1902. lat. 24° 42’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 55’ 
52’’ W.; 74 fathoms; hd. smooth; temp. 19.5° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7349. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay; 114 feet; s. sh. 
Twenty-six specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7516. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida; 
fn. gy. s. co.; temp. 69° F. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7517. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida. 
Thirty-six fathoms; fn. gy. s. brk. sh.; temp. 74° F. Five specimens. 

Nassau. Albatross. One specimen. 

Sarasota Bay, Florida. Eleven specimens. 

Puntarasa, Florida. Many specimens. 

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Three specimens. 

N. W. end of St. Martin’s Reef, Florida. Four specimens. 

Tampa Bay, Florida. Several specimens. 

Marco, Florida. Many specimens. 

Cape Romano, Florida. Thirteen specimens. 

South of Key West, Florida. One specimen. 

Florida. Five specimens. 

Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. One specimen. 

O. elegans has been found previously in South Carolina and various localities 
of the West Indies. Greeff met with it on the western coast of Africa. 


ugitaliaaailll e 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11 


OPHIOLEPIS PAUCISPINA (Say). 
See for bibliography: 
Liitken (59), p. 102, pl. 2, fig. 2. 
Lyman (65), p. 55. 
Lyman (82), p. 19. 
Greeff (82), p. 157. 
Keehler (07), p. 287. 
Verrill (07), p. 325. 
Keehler (13), p. 355. 
Key West, Florida. Four specimens. 
Without indication. One specimen. 
This species, known in several parts of the West Indies, has been found by 
Greeff at San Thomé (Guinea), at a depth of 15-20 fathoms. 


OPHIOZONA IMPRESSA (Liitken). 
See for bibliography: 
Verrill (99), p. 8. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 243. 
Keehler (13), p. 355. 
Dry Tortugas, Florida. One specimen. 
Key West, Florida. Forty specimens. 


OPHIOZONA NIVEA var. COMPTA Verrill. 
Ophiozona nivea var. compta VERRILL (99a), p. 303. 


Off Havana, 1886. One specimen. 

Diameter of disk 9.5 mm.; one arm only is entire, its length being about 30 mm. 
The radial shields are separated on their whole length. 

This specimen can be referred to the variety distinguished by Verrill, but if 
we consider how easily this species varies, a fact owned by Verrill himself, one may 
be in doubt as to the usefulness of introducing a new variety based on the radial 
shields being more or less spread, while there are other plates, such as the mouth 
shields for instance, which are likely to vary quite notably in shape and in their 
relations with one another. 

O. nivea var. compta has been met with off Havana, between 110 and 263 
fathoms. The typical species has been taken in various localities of the Caribbean 
Sea by the Hassler and the Blake, between 56 and 424 fathoms. 


OPHIOMASTUS SECUNDUS Lyman. 


Ophiomastus secundus LyMAN (78a), p. 218, pl. 2, figs. 16-18. 
Ophiomastus secundus LyMAN (82), p. 101, pl. 39, fig. 14. 
Ophiomastus secundus LYMAN (88), p. 248. 


Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 02’ W.; 
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2646. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 47’ N.; long. 80° 05’ W.; 
85 fathoms; gy. s. for. Three specimens. 


12 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7295. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 47’ 
45’’ W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 19.5° C. One specimen. 

O. secundus has been found by the Blake at Santa Cruz and various other 
places in the West Indies, between 60-150 and 1,131 fathoms. 


OPHIOGLYPHA CONVEXA Lyman. 
Pays Plate 2, figs. 5-6. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 149. 


Albatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 56’ 20’’ N.; long. 70° 57’ 
30’ W.; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Six specimens. 

Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 40’ 30’’ N.; long. 70° 37’ 
30” W.; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Seventeen specimens. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 10 and 15 mm. 

I have already referred! to the variations which this species may offer and which 
I myself have ascertained after Lyman. When the upper plates of the disk become 
more numerous, the specimens may display some characters which recall those of O. 
bullata Wyville Thomson and, in this connection, I must particularly refer to two speci- 
mens from station 2098. In one of them, the diameter of the disk of which reaches 
only 12 mm., the upper plates are not so numerous as usual, but the six primary 
plates are separated from one another in each interradial space by two successive 
little plates, an arrangement which has not yet been reported in O. convera; the 
two radial shields of each pair are also isolated from each other by a row of small 
plates. In the other specimen, the diameter of the disk of which is 15 mm., the 
radial shields are also separated on their whole length and the upper plates of the 
disk are fairly numerous. This arrangement, in such specimens as undoubtedly 
belong to O. convezxa, makes a transition to O. bullata to which, in other respects, 
O. convexa is closely allied. 

But whatever may be the variations in the arrangement of the upper plates 
of the disk, the radial comb always consists of low, short, and rectangular papille, 
as I have indicated in my paper on the Echinoderms of the Princesse-Alice (09, pl. 25, 
figs. 1 and 2). Besides, I shall refer again to the characters of O. convexa when 
studying the following species, which is very closely allied to it. 


OPHIOGLYPHA CORONATA, new species. 
Plate 2, figs. 3-4. 
? Ophioglypha convexa LyMAN (88), p. 247. 
Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 13° 30’ N.; long. 63° 31’ W.; 
496 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 36.8° F. Two specimens. 
Type.—Cat. No. 32290, U.S.N.M. 


The diameter of the disk is respectively 10.5, and 12 mm.; one of the arms, 
apparently entire, of the larger specimen, measures 25 mm. 





1 Hchinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princess Alice, 1909, p. 150. 


ne 





a 


- -  ) ae 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. es 


There is no doubt that this species, which I must consider as a new one, is 
identical with the Ophioglypha indicated by Lyman! in 1883, who referred it, 
together with other specimens, to O. convexa, and which came from the dredgings 
of the Blake in the West Indies. Here is what Lyman wrote about these specimens: 

The six primary plates extremely swollen, form an elevated rosette, overhanging very small radial 
shields, not so large as the head of the genital scale. The mouth shield, too, occupies the whole of the 
lower interbrachial space. But specimens from station 148 were intermediate, or rather differed from 
the typical form only in finer arm comb papille and more interbrachial scales on the disk margin. It 
will be necessary to await further dredgings before deciding the specific limits. It is to be noted as an 
important difference, that, while the typical O. convera js found in 2,350 fathoms, this species does 
not go below 240 fathoms. 

I find again, in the collection of the Ophiurans of the Albatross, two specimens 
which offer precisely the same peculiarities as Lyman indicated in 1883; it seems 
to me obvious that these two examples can not be referred to O. convexa, but that 
they must constitute a different species the characters of which it is necessary to 
describe. The disk is pentagonal and even slightly excavated in the interradial 
spaces; it is thick, but the upper face is little convex; the under face is plane. 
The arms, rather short, grow rapidly thinner from the base which, besides, is not 
very wide. 

The upper face of the disk is mostly occupied by six large polygonal plates, 
contiguous and subequal, arranged as in O. convera, but the part of the disk covered 
by them is still larger than in the latter species. Out of this primary rosette - 
there is to be seen, in each interradial space, but one single large plate, pentagonal, 
somewhat longer than wide, with a proximal angle widely opened and a distal 
side lying very close to the outline of the disk; in fact, out of that plate is seen 
only one other plate which is extremely short and transversally widened. On each 
side of the large interradial plate, and in its distal region, there are two or three 
extremely small plates continued on the sides of the marginal plate which 
succeeds the above-mentioned interradial plate. The radial spaces are entirely 
occupied by the two radial shields which are in contact with the corresponding 
primary radial plate, but are much smaller than the latter. 

These shields are a little wider than long; the two in each pair are con- 
tiguous on their whole length and they form distally an extremely obtuse angle 
into which is inserted the corresponding angle of the first upper brachial plate. 
All the plates of the upper face of the disk are covered with pretty fine, rounded 
granules, which shoot from the angles of a polygonal netting which covers the 
plates and separates small rounded facets. The radial papille, visible on the 
upper face, are extremely elongated and closely disposed, numerous, fine, and 
sharp; they become rapidly shorter on the under face, and do not extend beyond 
the level of the distal third of the mouth shield. 

The under face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, is not very wide owing 
to the widening of the arms at their bases; it is not completely covered by the 
mouth shields, out of which is left a small space covered by a few polygonal and 
unequal plates, among which one may be seen occupying a more or less exactly 
niedian place, which is a little larger than the others. The genital plates are fairly 


1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 10, p. 243. 


14 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


wide, but they do not extend much beyond the distal margin of the mouth shields. 
The genital slits are narrow, but quite distinct, and they are continued nearly 
up to the end of the mouth shields, on the same level as the middle of the first 
lateral brachial plate. 

The mouth shields are large, elongated, but their width is not very important; 
they are almost pyriform and much more widened distally than proximally; they 
are almost twice longer than wide. They offer a very obtuse and short proximal 
angle, and then, a little further back, they are somewhat notched by the extremity 
of the genital slit; beyond that, they first grow rapidly wider, and then more slowly 
so, up to their distal part which is limited by a strongly rounded border. The 
adoral plates are fairly wide with their two margins almost parallel, but narrower 
without than within; they are one and a half longer than wide. The oral plates 
are pretty high. The oral papille amount to six at least on each side, but the four 
or five external papillz, very low and rectangular, are more or less jointed and their 
outlines are hardly apparent; the innermost papilla is conical and pointed, and it is 
smaller than the odd terminal papilla, which is also conical and pointed. All these 
mouth plates, as well as those of the under face of the disk, are covered with fine 
rounded granulations. 

The arms, fairly broad at their bases, grow rapidly thinner; they are hardly 
carinated and their upper face is convex. Only the first upper brachial plate 
is large, triangular, with a very obtuse proximal angle and a very conyex distal 
margin. The second one, of hexagonal shape, is extremely wide and at least twice 
wider than long, with a concave proximal margin, and a very convex distal margin, 
while the lateral margins are each resolved into two little sides meeting in an obtuse 
angle. The third and fourth plates are still hexagonal, but their width rapidly 
decreases at the same time as the proximal side becomes narrower, so that they 
assume a triangular shape, with a proximal angle which is truncated on the fifth 
and sixth plates, but their distal margin may generally be divided into two distinct 
sides which meet in an obtuse angle; these plates remain wider than long and they 
part, from the sixth or seventh, upward. Beyond that the plates become tri- 
angular, a little wider than long, with very sharp angles and a feebly convex distal 
margin. The first plates are granulous, like those of the upper face of the disk, 
but the granules very soon disappear and the surface of the former becomes almost 
smooth, contrary to what happens with the neighboring lateral plates which always 
remain more or less strongly granulated. 

The under brachial plates are rather small and a great part of the under face 
of the arms is covered by the lateral plates. The first four or five under brachial 
plates are separated from one another by a narrow and shallow transverse furrow. 
The first under plate is large, triangular, with the proximal angle truncated and 
the three sides somewhat excavated. The second one, trapezoidal, is as wide as 
the first one, but it is wider than long, with the distal side longer than the proximal 
one, which is excavated. The third plate is trapezoidal also and wider than long, 
but narrower than the preceding one. The fourth plate, still trapezoidal, is a 
little longer than wide and its distal margin is almost straight. The fifth and sixth 
plates are also a little longer than wide, but they become narrower than the fourth 
and their proximal margin is apt to be elongated into a slightly obtuse angle. 





— . 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 


Beyond that the plates, which up to that point were separated only by the trans- 
verse furrow which I have mentioned above, go farther and farther apart from each 
other; they become at first pentagonal jand as long as wide, and soon assume a 
triangular shape with a very convex distal margin, and at the same time become 
wider than long. It must be noticed that the first under plates have granules just 
like the other plates of the body, but about the eighth plate these granules begin to 
be arranged in regular transverse sets which will form pretty well marked strix# on 
the surface of the next plates. A like structure appears only to’a very small extent, 
or is even completely lacking, on the lateral plates. 

The lateral plates are broadly developed and take up an important part of the 
upper and under faces of the arms; their surfaces are covered with granules, which 
disappear only at the extremities of the arms. On their distal margin there are 
generally three short, papilliform, and sharp spines, the dorsal spine being a little 
isolated from the other two. On some articles of one of the arms I exceptionally 
find four spines which are separated by equal intervals. 

The tentacular pores of the first pair open widely in the mouth, and they 
generally carry five scales on each margin; these scales are small, truncated, very 
closely put together or even somewhat jointed. The pores of the second pair have 
four or five scales on the proximal or external margin and four on the opposite 
margin, the latter being less developed than the proximal ones. A like arrangement 
is observed on the pores of the third and of the fourth pair. On the pores of the 
fifth and sixth pairs the proximal margin carries four scales and the distal margin 
has but two small ones. On the following pores these distal scales rapidly dis- 
appear, but of the proximal scales there remain three, a number which is persistently 
found on almost the whole length of the arms; but the scales become smaller, short, 
and conical. 

The color of the specimens in alcohol is grayish-white. 

Resemblances and differences.—O. coronata is evidently closely allied to 0. con- 
vera, although distinct from it. I think the two should be separated. We have 
seen that Lyman had already attempted to do so. The six primary plates are 
largely developed, and they take up on the upper face of the disk a comparatively 
larger space than in QO. convexa, so as to leave room for only a single interradial 
plate, a very large one, larger even than in O. convera. The radial shields are rela- 
tively small and more reduced than in the latter species. The radial papillew are 
extremely narrow, cylindrical, elongated, pointed, numerous, and closely put together, 
and they completely differ from those which are known to exist in O. convexa, these 
latter being rather low and rectangular, as I indicated in 1909 (09, p. 149). 

The arms are far less carinated than in O. convera. The upper brachial plates 
are quadrangular on the first articles only and rapidly become triangular, while in 
O. convexa they remain quadrangular on more than half of the length of the arms, 
and become triangular only beyond that point, although they remain as long as wide 
or even a little longer than wide. On the under face the arms are more widened 
at their base, consequently the interradial spaces are narrower than in O. conveza 
and the mouth shields themselves are also narrower. Lyman had observed that 
in some specimens of the Blake these shields covered the whole under face of the 
disk inwardly of the genital plates; such is not the case in my two examples, which 


16 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


show out of the mouth shields a few small distal plates. The under brachial 
plates are less developed in the new species and they become a little longer than 
wide only between the fourth and the seventh article or thereabout, after which 
they rapidly become very small and triangular; I notice, on the contrary, that in 
O. convexa these plates remain longer than wide on the longest part of the arms, 
and they do not assume a triangular shape until near the last articles. All these 
differences may readily be understood from the photographs which I reproduce here 
(pl. 2, figs. 3-6). It will be seen that a specific separation is amply justified. 

Let it be added, also, as Lyman stated, that O. convera has always been caught 
in great depths, while the specimens of the Blake came from depths ranging between 
114 and 270 fathoms; the two specimens of the Albatross were found somewhat 
deeper. 

One might also compare O. coronata with O. solida Lyman, in which the plates 
of the upper face of the disk are arranged in a similar manner, but the characters 
of the under face, and among others the shape of the mouth shields, which are very 
small, as well as that of the under brachial plates, make any comparison impossible. 


OPHIOGLYPHA ELEVATA Lyman. 
Plate 3, fig. 5. 
Ophioglypha elevata Lyman (78), p. 82, pl. 4, figs. 87-89. 
Ophioglypha elevata Lyman (82), p. 57, pl. 5, figs. 16-18. 

Albatross station 2675. Lat. 32° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 77° 15’ W.; 327 fathoms; 
gy. s. bk. sp. sh.; temp. 45.8° F. One specimen. 

The diameter of the disk is 7 mm.; none of the arms is preserved to its entire 
length. 

Lyman’s type was found by the Challenger in lat. 46° 40’ S. and long 37° 50’ 
E., in a depth of 310 fathoms. Notwithstanding the long distance between the 
stations, the example found by the Albatross really belongs to Lyman’s species, 
although I notice a few differences which are rather unimportant and are undoubt- 
edly due to the fact that the type was a little smaller, the diameter of the disk not 
exceeding 6 mm. 

Lyman says that the tentacular oral pores offer two scales on each side; in 
my specimen I observe three on the interradial side and two or three on the radial 
side. The following pores have three and sometimes four scales on the proximal 
and external side. This number then falls to two and remains so on the whole 
preserved length of the arms, while the distal and internal side generally con- 
tinues to show three papille. These papille are not so sharply limited as the 
external scales, but they are, nevertheless, plainly noticeable; at a certain distance 
from the arm base the number of these scales falls to two, and finally to one. 
The mouth shields are wider distally than indicated in Lyman’s drawing in the 
“Reports of the Challenger” (82, pl. 5, fig. 16); in the drawing in the Bulletin 
(78, pl. 4, fig. 87), the distal region is represented wider, but with fairly sharp 
lateral angles, while these are actually rounded. 

The first under brachial plates of O. elevata are known to carry in their middle 
a longitudinal swelling which is characteristic of the species. Lyman says that 
this swelling is within the disk and he represents it on the first four ventral plates. 
In my specimen this swelling appears on the first five plates at least. On the first 








OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ily 


plate it is wider than on the following ones, and it forms an almost rounded prom- 
inence which does not reach the proximal margin. It is on the three succeeding 
plates that the median protuberance reaches its full development; it is thin, sharp, 
and extends over the whole length of the plate. On the fifth plate it is less 
developed, lower, narrower, and does not always reach the proximal margin of 
the plate. Finally, the sixth plate sometimes shows, in the middle of its distal 
side, a small conical tubercle. The succeeding plates rapidly become narrower 
and are longer than wide, and at the same time their proximal angle becomes 
sharper; they are separated from the ninth or tenth upward. 

The upper brachial plates, the form of which has not been indicated by Lyman, 
are rectangular, and first they are wider than long with a narrow proximal side, 
a wide and convex distal side, and diverging lateral sides; they afterwards become 
as long as wide and finally longer than wide. 

O. elevata had not yet been met with except in the southern regions of the 
Indian Ocean, and a single specimen only was known; the discovery of that species 
in the Atlantic is, consequently, very interesting. 

OPHIOGLYPHA FALCIFERA Lyman, 

See for bibliography: 

Ophioglypha falcifera LyMan (82), p. 42. 

Albatross station 2659. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 32’ N.; long. 78° 42’ W.; 

509 fathoms; br. for.; temp. 45.2° F. One little specimen. 


OPHIOGLYPHA FASCICULATA Lyman. 
Ophioglypha fasciculata Lyman (88), p. 237, pl. 3, figs. 22-24. 
Ophioglypha fasciculata H. L. CuarKk (08), p. 296. 

Albatross station 2358. Jan. 1, 1885. Lat. 20° 19’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 30” W.; 
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens. 

In the specimen from station 2358 the diameter reaches 14 mm.; the others 
are smaller, their diameters varying between 7 and 10 mm. 

I think I can refer these ophiurans to O. fasciculata, for they entirely conform 
to Lyman’s description excepting as regards the number of brachial spines; 
instead of four, as stated by Lyman, I observe but three, the upper one being remote 
from the other two which form a small group located near the ventral edge of the 
arm. The length of these spines reaches two-thirds of the article. Undoubtedly, 
the spine which ought to be placed in the interspace is lacking, and this is not due 
to the age of the individuals since the disks of my specimens have diameters rang- 
ing from 7 to 14 mm., while the diameter was 13 mm. in Lyman’s type. This 
difference would evidently not justify a specific separation. 

Lyman says, as pointed out by H. L. Clark (08, p. 296), that the lateral brachial 
plates are not in contact either on the upper or on the under face, but in his drawings 
these plates are represented as being in contact beyond the sixth under brachial 
plate. I observe on my own specimens that the under plates are in contact for a 
length which varies, according to the size, from the seventh to the fifteenth article. 

Lyman’s type was caught by the Blake in the waters about Barbados, in a 
depth of 288 fathoms. 


18 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
OPHIOGLYPHA INORNATA Lyman. 
= Ophioglypha divisa Liitken and Mortensen. 


See for bibliography: 
Keehler (04), p. 40. 
Keehler (07), p. 262. 

Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40’ N.; long. 58° 35’ W.; 
880 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 38° F. Three specimens. The diameter of the 
disk ranges between 10.5 and 9.5 mm. 

T refer to the above-mentioned papers for the variations of 0. inornata. 

In the three examples from the Albatross, the upper plates of the disk rather 
suggest, by their arrangement and the shape of the radial shields, O. abyssorum, 
with which one of the specimens from the Siboga also offered some likeness, but 
the other characters do really correspond with those of 0. inornata. On the two 
larger specimens the mouth shields are separated into two halves by a furrow 
extending over their whole length, as Lyman figured it (82, pl. 3, fig. 10); sometimes, 
even, the furrow is bifurcated so that the mouth shield is divided into three pieces, 
but the under plate which comes after it is never divided. On the third speci- 
men, which is somewhat smaller, the mouth shields are entire. In none of these 
specimens are the upper brachial plates fragmented. 


OPHIOGLYPHA IRRORATA Lyman. 
Plate 1, figs. 3-4. 


See, among other papers, for the bibliography: 


Ophioglypha irrorata LyMAN (82), p. 47. 
Ophioglypha orbiculata LyMAN (82), p. 48. 
Ophioglypha irrorata LyMAN (88), p. 243. 
Ophioglypha grandis VERRILL (94), p. 293. 
Ophioglypha irrorata K@uuER (96), p. 19. 
Ophioglypha involuta K@HLER (97), p. 295. 
Ophioglypha orbiculata K@HLER (97), p. 302. 
Ophioglypha orbiculata K@HLER (99), p. 21. 
Ophioglypha tumulosa LiitKEN and MorTENSEN (99), p. 121. 
Ophioglypha tumulosa Lupwie (05a), p. 397. 
Ophioglypha tumulosa K@uuEr (07), p. 296. 
Ophioglypha mundata Kener (07a), p. 257. 
Ophioglypha mundata K@uuEr (09), p. 153. 
Ophioglypha wrrorata H. L. Cuarx (11), p. 62. 


Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20° 19’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 30”” W.; 
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2573. Sept. 2, 1885. Lat. 40° 34’ 18’’ N.; long. 66° 09’ W.; 
1,742 fathoms; gy. m. s.; temp. 37.3° F.. Nine specimens. 

For the reasons which I give below, one must consider as being synonymous 
O. irrorata, O. orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involuta Kehler, tumulosa Litken 
and Mortensen, and mundata Keebler. The specimens which I mention above 
come from the same set as those which were used by Verrill to introduce O. grandis 
and they correspond exactly with the description given by him. 


io 


: 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 


The specimens gathered by the Albatross at station 2573 are all very large, the 
diameter of the disks varying from 20 to 27mm. None of them is perfectly well 
preserved and most of the arms are broken more or less close to their bases. I observe 
in every one of them a radial comb formed by small rectangular papillae which become 
smaller as they pass over to the under side; Verrill seems to consider this comb as 
only occasional. 

I am glad to have been able to study these examples and to compare their charac- 
ters with those of the other very closely allied forms which were described under 
the various names mentioned. It was H. L. Clark who, in his most interesting 
paper on the Ophiurans from the Northern Pacific (11, p. 62), suggested that O. 
trrorata Lyman, orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involuta Keehler, and tumulosa 
Liitken and Mortensen, ought to be united in one species to which the name of 
O. irrorata should be applied. The clever American naturalist upheld his opinion 
by very convincing arguments which have completely satisfied me, the more so as 
I myself had already had an opportunity to point out the close affinities existing 
between O. orbiculata, irrorata, and involuta, when I studied the Ophiurans from 
the Investigator (97, pp. 295 and 302). Moreover, I suggest the idea of adding to 
the synonyms indicated by Clark, O. mundata, a species introduced by me in 1907 
for an Ophioglypha which I had referred at first to O. irrorata, as I mentioned 
recently (09, p. 153). As a basis of distinction between this former species and 
O. irrorata, I had first noted the thickness of the disk, the shape of the mouth 
shields, and the absence of spines, indicated by Lyman on the upper face of the 
disk in the latter; these differences are of no more importance than those referred 
to in order to separate from OQ. irrorata the various species mentioned above by 
H.L. Clark. Moreover, 0. mundata differs but slightly from O. grandis Verrill, and 
certainly, had this writer given a drawing of the latter, I should without any hesi- 
tation have referred to this species the specimens from the Travailleur and the Tulis- 
man as well as those from the Princesse Alice which I denominated 0. mundata; 
but one knows how difficult it is to identify the species described by Verrill. Liitken 
and Mortensen also related their 0. tumulosa to O. grandis and pointed out that, 
the latter not having been figured, it became very difficult to establish the connec- 
tion between the two species. 

If thus understood, O. irrorata has a very wide geographical distribution, which 
might be compared with that of Ophiomusium lymani, as H. L. Clark points out, 
but the former shows a much more conspicuous polymorphism than the latter. 
There is no doubt that the differences which have been noticed do not proceed 
exclusively from the sizes of specimens from the different known localities; after 
our Ophioglypha has been found at a greater number of stations, it will perhaps 
be useful to keep, for variety’s sake, some of the names under which it is known 
in zoological nomenclature. 

In one of the examples gathered by the Albatross, which I have illustrated 
in plate 1, figs. 3 and 4, one of the arms has been broken near its base and includes 
a restored part which offers certain peculiarities. As seen from the upper face 
(fig. 4), this arm first shows three normal articles after which come the regenerated 
articles, the first nine of which display anomalies as to the shape and arrangement 
of the brachial plates which remind one of those described by me in Ophionotus 


20 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


victoriz (12, p. 118). The dorsal plates, instead of having their usual regularly 
trapezoidal shape with a wider and convex distal edge, are irregular, much wider 
than long and most of them are divided into two almost equal parts by a longi- 
tudinal furrow located close to the median line. The ventral plates are not so 
irregular. The first seven keep nearly their normal shape; the eighth one, which 
is large, is irregularly divided in its distal region; the nmth and tenth plates, 
smaller than usual, are divided into two by an oblique furrow, and lastly the fol- 
lowing plates are scarcely modified. The first two lateral plates on one side carry 
no spines and the following plate has but two spines; on the other side, the first 
plate is deprived of spines, the second one has three. Then the succeeding plates 
on each side generally carry four spines each, the dorsal spine being separated from 
the other three, and this abnormal arrangement of the spines is continued not only 
on that part which has abnormal upper and under plates, but also on about ten articles 
beyond that part. On the other arms of the same example, which never met with 
an accident, the brachial spines most regularly amount to three, the upper spine 
being separated from the other two. Verrill, moreover, has pointed out the fact 
that in O. grandis the lower group of spines sometimes included three. 


OPHIOGLYPHA LEPIDA Lyman. 
Plate 3, fig. 2. 
Ophioglypha lepida Lyman (78), p. 70, pl. 3, figs. 71-73. 
Ophioglypha lepida LYMAN (82), p. 43, pl. 4, figs. 1-3. 
Ophioglypha lepida Lyman (88), p. 241. 
Ophioglypha lepida VeRRIL (85), p. 543. 
Ophioglypha lepida K@uuER (07), p. 294. 

Albatross station 2106. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 41’ 20’’ N.; long. 73° 03’ 
20’’ W.; 1,497 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 42.5° F. Twenty-nine specimens. 

The specimens are generally of large size; in the smallest one, the diameter 
of the disk reaches almost 10 mm. and in several others it comes up to 14 or 15 
mm. They conform to Lyman’s description, excepting with regard to the number 
of the brachial spines. In fact, I only find as an exception the four spines indi- 
cated by him; generally there are but three, two lower ones which form a small 
group and an upper one which is larger. Verrill also seems to have observed but 
three spines, for he says: ‘‘There is a single larger upper spine rather widely sep- 
arated from the two lower and much smaller ones, etc.’’! I have never met with 
the very small spines which are scattered on the upper face of the disk in a var. 
spinulosa introduced by Verrill (85, p. 543). 

O. lepida is extremely near O. ljungmani, and it would be even more so than 
Lyman thought if the usual number of its spines were three. I beg to state that 
in the descriptions given by Lyman of each of these two species there is a contra- 
diction regarding the characters of the radial shields, which is likely to produce 
confusion. For we read, regarding O. lepida, in the very short diagnosis (82, p. 
43) which goes before the detailed description: “radial shields touching without,” 
and in the description itself which comes after? “Radial shields separated on their 





1 Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1883, 1885, p. 543. 
2 The voyage of the Challenger, Zoology, vol. 5, p. 44, 6th line. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 


entire length by a wedge of smaller and larger scales.” The same contradiction 
is found, besides, in Lyman’s preliminary work (78, p. 70). I consider Lyman’s 
description correct and it is in accordance with the figures he published in 1878 and 
1882, and the diagnosis must be corrected in the direction I have just indicated. 

As a rule, the two radial shields of each pair are in contact through their distal 
angle in O. ljwngmani; however, it happens sometimes that these shields are some- 
what separated from one another distally, but they are always more closely put 
together than in O. lepida, where they remain widely distant from one another. 
As regards the plates of the upper face of the disk, the drawing published by Lyman 
in 1878 (78, pl. 3, fig. 72) seems to me to be more correct than that of the Reports 
of the Challenger (82, pl. 4, fig. 3). I may add that O. lepida possesses a supple- 
mentary radial comb similar to that of O. ljungmani, to which I shall refer when 
studying the latter species. 

In short, O. lepida and O. ljungmani are extremely cognate, but the former 
species is, nevertheless, easily distinguished by its larger size, by the upper plates 
of the disk being much smaller, almost uniform and finer, by the radial shields 
being widely separated, and by the upper brachial spine being rather short. These 
characters are never found in O. Ujungmani. 

The Challenger encountered OQ. lepida at various stations between 38° and 
40° N., and 27° and 72° W., in depths ranging from 750 to 1,350 fathoms, and 
also at 8° S. and 14° W. (420 fathoms). The Blake met with it in the West Indies, 
and also at several more northern localities (41° N., 65° W.; 39° N., 70° W., ete.), 
in depths ranging from 608 to 1,242 fathoms. 

OPHIOGLYPHA LJUNGMANI Lyman. 

See for bibliography: 

Ophioglypha ljungmani Kaxuer (06), p. 263. 
Ophioglypha ljungmani K@Her (09), p. 152. 
Ophioglypha thouleti K@HLER (09), p. 158. 

Albatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38° 44’ N.; long. 72° 38’ W.; 
1,209 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 39° F. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29,1885. Lat. 20°19’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 30’ W.; 
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2639. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 02’ W.; 
56 fathoms; co. s. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2642. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’ N.; long. 79° 49’ Wes 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 42.6° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2644. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 40’ N.; long. 80° 00’ W.; 
193 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46’ 30’” N.; long. 80° 02’ W.; 
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Some specimens. 

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Seven specimens. 

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30” W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 
30’ W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. One specimen. 


22 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40’ N.; long. 58° 33’ W.; 
880 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 38° F. Many specimens. 

Albatross station 2763. Dec. 30,1887. Lat. 24°17’S.; long. 42° 48’ 30’’ W.; 
671 fathoms; br. glob. 0z.; temp. 37.9° F. 

Grampus station 5118. Mar. 23, 1889. Lat. 26° 30’ N.; long. 83° 55’ W.; 
59 fathoms; hrd. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7283. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 17’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 53’ 
30’ W.; 127 fathoms; s. gr.; temp. 53° F. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7296. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 47’ 
45’’ W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 54° F. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7514. Mar. 25, 1902. Six miles east of Fowey Rocks 
Light; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 48° F. Six specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25,1903. 34 miles southeast by east of Fowey 
Rocks Light; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51° F. Four specimens. 

It will be seen from the above table of localities of O. ljungmani that the species 
occurs in depths ranging from 56 to 1,209 fathoms. According to H. L. Clark 
(01, p. 243), O. ljungmani has been found at Porto Rico in depths of 20 to 45 
fathoms only. It is not so in the Eastern region of the Atlantic, where O. ljungmani 
has not yet been met with except in very deep waters, about 850-1,100 fathoms. 

After studying the very rich series of O. ljungmani which has been intrusted 
to me by the National Museum, I have made sure that O. thouleti, which I had intro- 
duced in 1896, after a single specimen, and. which I had later found fairly abundant 
in the Echinoderms gathered by the Travailleur and the Talisman, as well as 
by the Princesse Alice, can not be separated from O. ljungmani. The specimens 
which I formerly referred, and correctly, to this latter species, had always been fairly 
numerous and of rather small size; they almost always had small spines on the 
upper face of their disk, but owing to my resolution not to dry them, I was unable 
to recognize the supplemental radial comb which I thought was a character of 
O. thouleti. Consequently I had been inclined to refer to the latter species the 
larger specimens in which I easily observed the supplementary radial comb, and 
which happened not to possess any spines on the upper face of the disk. 

In fact, O. jungmani always possesses within the chief radial comb, a series 
of very fine papille which advance to near the middle of the third upper brachial 
plate, and I do not see, after all, either in the arrangement of the plates of the disk 
or of the arms, or in the shape of the mouth shields, any character permitting a 
specific separation between O. ljungmani and O. thouleti. Consequently the latter 
can not be considered except as a synonym of the former. 

OPHIOGLYPHA LYMANI Liungman. 

See for bibliography: 

Ludwig (99), p. 5. 
Ludwig (05), p. 73. 
Keehler (07), p. 295, pl. 10, figs. 11-12. 

Albatross station 2770. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 48° 37’ S.; long. 65° 46’ W.; 
58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens. 

Albatross station 2771. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 51° 34’ S. long. 68° 00’ W.; 
50.5 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.4° F. Many specimens. 





Pn Oe Mate 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23 


Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 06’ S.; long. 70° 40’ 30’ W.; 
77.5 fathoms; gn. oz.; temp. 46.9° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2780. Feb. 2, 1888. Lat. 53° 01’ S.; long. 73° 42’ 30” Wise 
369 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 46.9° F. Six specimens. 

Albatross station 2783. Feb. 6, 1888. Lat. 51° 02’ 30’’ S.; long. 74° 08’ 30” 
W.; 122 fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 47.9° F. Many specimens. 

Albatross station 2784. Feb. 8, 1888. Lat. 48° 41’ S.; long. 74° 24’ W.; 194 
fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 51.9° F. Many specimens. 


OPHIOCGLYPHA ROBUSTA (Ayres). 


See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 154. 


Albatross station 2055. Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42° 32’ N.; long. 68° 17’ W.; 
99.5 fathoms; bu. m.,s., and ers. g. One little specimen. 
OPHIOGLYPHA SARSII (Liitken). 
Plate 1, figs. 5-6. 

See for bibliography: 
Grieg (07), p. 15. 
Keehler (09), p. 155. 
Siissbach and Breckner (11), p. 248. 
H. L. Clark (11), p. 37. 

Albatross station 2020. May 21, 1883. Lat. 37° 37’ 50’’ N.; long. 74° 15’ 
30’’ W.; 143 fathoms; bu. m. fne. s. One specimen. 

Albatross stations 2582-2583. Sept. 18, 1885. Lat. 39° 50’ N.; long. 71° 
43’ W.; 131-137 fathoms; gn. m. s.; temp. 47.2° F. Numerous specimens. 

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 
30’’ W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 3456. Sept. 1, 1891. Lat. 48° 31’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 43’ 
15’’ W; 136 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 44.2° F. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 1038. Sept.21, 1881. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; 
146 fathoms; s. and sh.; temp. 47° F. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 1111. Aug. 22,1882. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; 
124 fathoms; fne. s.; temp. 47° F. Numerous specimens. 

East coast of North America. One specimen. 

The specimens from stations 2582-2583 were associated in almost equal num- 
ber with some Ophiocten hastatum; they are all very small, the diameter of their 
disks never exceeding 12-13 mm.; in some of them this diameter ranged between 
2 and 4 mm. I reproduce here two of these small specimens (pl. 1, figs. 5-6). 
The one from station 3456, the disk of which is 7 mm. in diameter, has short and 
conical radial papille. 

The variations of O. sarsii are well known, and recently several writers, Grieg, 
Mortensen, H. L. Clark, and others have written exhaustively about them. The 
only variations which I observe in the collection of the National Museum refer to 
the upper plates of the disk which may be more or less protruding. 

6061°—Bull. 84—14——3 


24 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIOGLYPHA SCULPTILIS Lyman. 
(= Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman.) 

Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman (78), p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 115-116. 
Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman (78), p. 85, pl. 3, figs. 70, 78, and 79. 
Ophioglypha variabilis LyMAN (78a), p. 217. 
Ophioglypha sculptilis LyMAN (82), p. 59, pl. 6, figs. 16-18. 
Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman (82), p. 60, pl. 6, figs. 10-12. 
Ophioglypha variabilis LyMAN (82), p. 242. 
Ophioglypha sculptilis Kenurr (97), p. 301. 
Ophioglypha sculptilis K@HLER (99), p. 20. 
Ophioglypha variabilis H. L. CLarxk (08), pp. 294 and 296. 
Ophioglypha sculptilis H. L. Cuarx (11), p. 77. 

Albatross station 2656. May 3, 1886. Lat. 27° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 78° 24’ W.; 
572 fathoms; for.; temp. 41.2° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41’ N.; long. 79° 55’ W.; 373 
fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7° F. Six specimens. 

Albatross station 2678. May 8, 1886. Lat. 32° 40’ N.; long. 76° 40’ W.; 731 
fathoms; lt. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7° F. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2761. Dec. 26, 1887. Lat. 15° 39’S.; long. 38° 35’ 54’” W.; 
818 fathoms; pter. oz.; temp. 39° F. About 15 specimens. 

In 1911 H. L. Clark suggested uniting O. sculptilis and O. variabilis; I quite 
agree with this opinion, the more so because as far back as 1897 I pointed out that 
the two species were extremely alike and that the only two characters by which 
they might be distinguished had but little value. I shall adopt also, as does H. L. 
Clark, the name O. sculptilis. Moreover, Lyman had already reported some varia- 
tions in O. variabilis and I have myself indicated some in O. sculptilis. 

The specimens of the Albatross which I have in hand come from stations which 
are rather distant from one another, but which are all in the Atlantic; the speci- 
mens hardly vary excepting as regards the brachial spines, the number of which is 
seven or eight at the arm bases, and as regards the separation of the radial shields 
which is more or less important. 

O. sculptilis therefore happens to have a very wide geographical distribution, 
since it is known in northern as well as in southern Atlantic, in Japanese seas, in 
the Bay of Bengal, and in East Indian waters. 


OPHIOMUSIUM EBURNEUM Lyman. 


Ophiomusium eburneum LYMAN (69), p. 322. 

Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman (71), pl. 2, fig. 13. 

Ophiomusium eburneum LruneMAN (71), p. 618. 

Ophiomusium eburneum LyMAN (78), p. 220. 

Ophiomusium eburneum LyMAN (82), p. 99. 

Ophiomusium eburneum LyMAN (88), p. 244. 

Ophiomusium eburneum VERRILL (99), p. 12. 

Ophiomusium eburneum, var. elegans VERRILL (99), p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 1. 
Ophiomusium eburneum K@uuER (07), p. 297. 


Albatross station 2376. Feb. 11,1885. Lat. 29° 03’ 15’’ N.; long. 88°16’ W.; 
324 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46.5° F. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2401. Mar. 14,1885. Lat. 28° 38’ N.; long. 85° 52’ 30’’ W.; 
142 fathoms; gn. m. brk. sh. One specimen. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 25 


Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar.25,1903. 34 miles SE. by E. of Fowey Rocks 
Light; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51° F. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7513. Mar. 25, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida, 6} 
miles E. S. E. $ E. of Fowey Rocks Light; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46° F. 
One specimen. 

The largest specimens are those from station 2376 in which the diameter of 
the disk ranges between 15 and 17.5 mm.; the arms, in the largest specimen, reach 
52mm. In the others, the diameter of the disk ranges from 9 to 11 mm. 

In these examples, I find variations which are analogous to those formerly 
indicated by Lyman and Verrill, some of the specimens recalling in certain of 
their characters, Lyman’s description, while the others are more in accordance with 
Verrill’s; in all of them, the spines invariably number two. Verrill thought that the 
differences observed by him in the specimens gathered by the “Bahama Expedition” 
were due to the size of the specimens, the diameter of the disk in Lyman’s type 
being 9 mm., while in Verrill’s material, this diameter reached 12 mm. But, 
according to what I have observed, those differences are due not alone to size. 
Lyman, moreover, reported in 1883 certain variations in the specimens from the 
Blake, and, besides other things, he noted that the brachial spines might amount 
to three; the diameter of the disk in the largest specimen which he had observed 
was 15 mm. 

The specimens from station 7512 are chiefly in accordance with Lyman’s descrip- 
tion. The upper brachial plates show, from the base of the arms, the shape of loz- 
enges and remain very small; the radial shields are large, triangular, widely sepa- 
rated; but the mouth shields are longer than indicated by Lyman and their shape 
is the same as that figured by Verrill. 

The specimen from station 2401, although being very near the foregoing ones 
as far as the size is concerned, differs from them in various respects. The whole 
body is covered with a yellowish tegument which more or less completely hides 
the underlying plates. The upper face of the disk with its large triangular radial 
shields, recalls Lyman’s type, but the upper brachial plates are of a different shape. 
The first one or two of these plates are very short, rectangular, and much wider 
than long; the third one, also rectangular, is almost as wide as long, with a broad 
and convex distal side, and a narrower proximal side. The following plates get 
more elongated, but up to the tenth or twelfth one, they preserve their proximal 
side distinct, and they do not until afterwards become triangular or lozenge-shaped. 
The under brachial plates offer nothing particular, but the mouth shields are 
shorter than on the preceding samples and they recall the shape drawn by Lyman. 
The brachial spines are extremely short. 

The four samples from station 2376 have also their bodies covered with a 
fairly thick and opaque tegument which hides the outline of the plates. The 
upper face of the disk recalls the arrangements represented by Verrill, with rather 
small radial shields which are oval and rather widely separated. The first two 
upper brachial plates are very short, wider than long and of little importance. The 
third one, quadrangular, is much wider than long; the fourth is trapezoidal, with a 
proximal side narrower than the distal side, and it is still a little wider than long. 


26 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The succeeding plates progressively assume the shape of a triangle, and then of a 
lozenge, and they become much smaller. The characters of the under face of the 
disk and of the arms rather recall those indicated by Verrill, though with the 
mouth shields somewhat shorter; the brachial spines, which always number two, 
are identical. 

Owing to these variations, I do not think it useful to maintain the variety 
elegans established by Verrill, which is based only upon the number of the brachial 
spines, which are three in number. 

The type of O. eburneum described by Lyman came from the coast of Florida, 
from a depth of 325 fathoms. The Blake found the species in the Gulf of Mexico and 
in the Caribbean Sea, in depths ranging from 92 to 400 fathoms. Verrill’s speci- 
mens came from off Havana, between 110 and 260 fathoms. 


OPHIOMUSIUM LYMANI Wyyille Thomson. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 161. 


Albatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38° 44’ N.; long. 72° 38’ W.; 
1,209 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 39° F. Twenty-three specimens. 

Albatross station 2111. Nov. 9, 1883. Lat. 35° 09’ 50’”” N.; long. 74° 57’ 
40’ W.; 938 fathoms; en. m. Eleven specimens. 

Albatross station 2115. Nov. 11, 1883. Lat. 35° 49’ 30’ N.; long. 74° 34’ 
45’’ W.; 843 fathoms; m. fne. s.; temp. 39° F. Fifteen specimens. 

Albatross station 2678. May 6, 1886. Lat. 32° 40’ N.; long. 76° 40’ 30’’ W.; 
731 fathoms; lt. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7° F. Many specimens. 

Albatross station 2751. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54’ N.; long. 63° 12’ W.; 
687 fathoms; bu. glob. oz.; temp. 40° F. Many specimens. 


OPHIOMUSIUM PLANUM Lyman. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 162. 


Albatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 56’ 20’’ N.; long. 70° 57’ 
30” W.; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Eleven specimens. 

Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 40’ 30’’ N.; long. 70° 37’ 
30’’ W.; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Two specimens. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 15 and 22 mm., in a specimen from 
station 2097 it is only 7 mm. 

In the larger specimens, the internal tentacular scale of the first brachial pore 
is sometimes divided in two as I have pointed out in some samples gathered by the 
Princesse Alice in the Eastern Atlantic (09, p. 162); the brachial spines always 
remain little developed and vary somewhat as to their number. 


OPHIOMUSIUM RUGOSUOUM, new species. 
Plate 1, figs. 7-8. 
Albatross station 2342. January 19,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 


21’’ W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens. 
Type.—Cat. No. 16378, U.S.N.M. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 


The diameter of the disk is 10 and 12.5 mm. respectively; the arms are 
incomplete; in the larger specimen they are preserved to a length of 28 mm. 

The disk is somewhat thin and its outline is pentagonal. The dorsal face is 
slightly convex, the ventral face is plane, and the edges are rounded. 

The plates of the upper face of the disk are large, few in number, very regularly 
arranged. There is to be seen one centro-dorsal plate, fairly large, pentagonal, out 
of which come a first circle of small interradial plates and a second circle of larger 
radial plates. After the latter come two other radial plates which separate the 
two radial shields of each pair, one of which is elongated, narrow, triangular, with 
a truncated distal apex; the other, shorter, is also triangular, but wider than long, 
with the proximal apex truncated. In the interradial spaces also, two plates 
successively appear: One, pentagonal and wider; the other, quadrangular, nar- 
rower, and more elongated. Beside these, two much smaller plates are observed 
at the margin of the disk, which are visible also from the ventral face. The radial 
shields are large, triangular, and separated on their whole length. All the plates 
of the upper face of the disk are uniformly covered with rounded granules of a fairly 
large size, but flattened, put close together but not in contact. 

The under face of the disk shows in the interradial space and out of the large 
mouth shield a single plate, which is large, pentagonal, as wide as long, with 
straight sides, and the obtuse distal angle of which reaches the outer margin of the 
disk, where the two above-mentioned little plates are also to be seen. The genital 
plates are fairly large and narrow, four times longer than wide. All these plates 
are covered with granules identical with those of the upper face; these granules, 
however, disappear in the proximal region of the genital plates and of the median 
interradial plate; and they are lacking on the mouth plates. The genital slits, 
which are found between the adoral plates and the mouth shield, are extremely 
narrow, short, and scarcely visible. 

The mouth shields are fairly large, pentagonal, with an acute proximal angle 
and straight sides; they are longer than wide. The adoral plates are fairly large 
and two and a half times longer than wide, with parallel margins. The oral plates 
are triangular, fairly high. The oral papille, the outlines of which are very distinct, 
amount to five or six on each side. The external papilla, located without the oral 
plate, is large, wide, quadrangular, and longer than wide; the other papille are very 
much lower: the second and third are rectangular, longer than wide, while the 
other two or three are smaller. The odd terminal papilla is also very small. 

The upper brachial plates are visible only on the smaller specimen, and even 
there they are altogether rudimental and scarcely distinct; they extend, however, to 
almost the whole length of the arms. On the larger specimen, the first upper plate 
alone is preserved, although it remains rudimental, and the following ones have 
completely disappeared. 

The first brachial under plate is rather small, pentagonal, with an obtuse 
proximal angle, and its distal border is slightly convex; this plate is slightly wider 
than long. The second plate is large, triangular, with an acute proximal angle 
and a straight distal side; the lateral borders are sometimes bent into two small 
sides, united by a very obtuse angle, which gives to the plate a pentagonal shape. 


28 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


This plate is as wide as long or a little longer than wide, and is placed close to the 
first one, though not touching it. On each side, and nearer the proximal angle 
than the distal border, is a slightly developed pore covered with a small rounded 
scale. The third brachial under plate is very small, triangular, and separated from 
the foregoing by an interval which is equal to about half its length; on either side 
of that plate is to be seen a very small pore provided with a rudimental scale, but 
this pore is generally located on the corresponding lateral brachial plate. Further 
on, there are no more brachial ventral plates. 

The lateral brachial plates alone take up all the inner faces of the arms. They 
are slightly protruding on the sides, and the successive pairs are separated by a 
somewhat sinuous furrow, both on the upper and on the under face. Each of them 
carries five sharp conical spines which are relatively long enough for an Ophio- 
musium. 

The granules of the upper face of the disk pass uninterruptedly to the upper 
part of the lateral plates as well as to their sides, but these granules grow smaller 
as they are farther from the basis of the arms and more so on the larger specimen; 
they are completely wanting on the under part of the arms. 

Connections and differences.—O. rugosum is allied chiefly to O. granulosum 
Lyman and to O. relictum Keebler. O. granulosum, which was taken by the 
Challenger at a depth of 1,875 fathoms (lat. 34° N.; long. 140° E.), is remarkable 
owing to the very minute granules which cover the disk plates on both faces and 
which, instead of being few in number and rounded, are very dense and even grow 
into little spines on the margins of the plates, including the mouth shields. The 
oral papille are altogether indistinct; moreover, the shape of the mouth shields 
and of the genital plates, as well as the arrangement of the upper plates of the disk, 
is different from what is observed on O. rugosum. 

O. relictum, which was dragged up by the Siboga from a depth of 469 meters 
(lat. 0° 29’ S.; long. 130° E.), offers, through the disposition of the upper plates 
of the disk, a very great likeness to O. rugosum, but these plates have no tubercles 
except near the outline of the disk and their margins are thicker, while they are 
uniformly granulous in O. rugosum, the granulations passing even from the upper 
face of the disk over to the dorsal and lateral parts of the lateral brachial plates, 
at least on a certain length of the arms, which gives to the new species a very different 
appearance. The brachial spines are also more developed in O. rugoswm than in 
O. relictum. 

OPHIOMUSIUM SCULPTUM Vertill. 
Plate 1, fig. 9. 
Ophiomusium sculptum VERRILL (99), p. 16, pl. 2, fig. 2; pl. 8, fig. 2. 


Blake. Two miles east of Havana; 200 fathoms. One specimen. 

The species has been described by Verrill after a specimen from Havana which 
had been dredged between 110 and 260 fathoms. 

In the example which was handed to me, the diameter of the disk is 7.5 mm., 
and the arrangement of the plates of the upper face is not quite in accordance with 
Verrill’s description and drawings; still, I believe it is one and the same species, 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29 


and the differences which I noted are due very likely to a difference in the ages 
of the specimens, Verrill’s type being larger than the one I have before me, since 
its disk reaches 9 mm. 

In the specimen from the Blake, the upper plates of the disk are fewer; the 
centro-dorsal plate is directly in contact with the five large radial primary 
plates, without any intercalary plates lying between them, as stated and figured 
by Verrill. The radial shields of each pair are contiguous on a part of their 
length and the triangular plate which separates them distally is as long as wide 
and may even become a little wider than long. The upper plates of the disk carry 
fairly large granules, but these, instead of being irregularly scattered over the 
plates, are located chiefly toward their external margin, a disposition existing 
especially on the five radial primary plates; these arrangements give to the upper 
face of the disk a slightly different appearance from that represented by Verrill. 
The characters of the under face of the disk, of the mouth-pieces, and of the arms 
being altogether in conformity with those indicated by Verrill, I thought my 
specimen should be referred to the same species. 


OPHIOMUSIUM SERRATUM Lyman. 
Ophiomusium serratum Lyman (82), p.85, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; pl. 39, fig. 10. 


Albatross station 2345. Jan. 20,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15” 
W.; 184 fathoms; fne. gy. wh. co. One specimen. 


OPHIOMUSIUM TESTUDO Lyman. 
Plate 3, fig. 7. 


Ophiomusium testudo LyMAn (75), p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 6-8. 
Ophiomusium testudo Lyman (78), p. 219. 

Ophiomusium testudo LYMAN (82), p. 99. 

Ophiomusium testudo Lyman (88), p. 246. 

Ophiomusium testudo Verritx (99), p. 14. 

Ophiomusium testudo Ka@uuer (07), p. 297. . 

Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21” W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

The specimen is not altogether in conformity with Lyman’s description and 
drawings; it differs from them chiefly in having the upper plates of the disk more 
regularly arranged and fairly equal in size. By these characters, it is closely allied 
to two specimens kept at the Jardin des Plantes and collected by the expedi- 
tion of the Blake. These specimens, which were given by Agassiz, were certainly 
determined by Lyman; the diameter of the disk measures, respectively, 6 and 
6.5 mm. ; they are consequently a little larger than Lyman’s type, the diameter of the 
disk of which was only 5.5 mm. 

In the specimen from the Albatross, the diameter of the disk reaches 7 mm.; 
the arms are preserved to a length not exceeding 10 mm. The disk is pentagonal, 
with rounded angles. The upper face, fairly convex, is covered with few plates, 
the size of which is uniform. There is to be seen one large polygonal, centro- 
dorsal plate, out of which comes a circle of small radial plates, which, moreover, 


30 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


are irregular; in fact, only three of them are well shaped, the fourth one is rudi- 
mental, and the fifth one completely lacking. Outwardly there is another circle of 
five larger interradial plates. In each radial space there is a row of three plates; the 
first one is large and polygonal, even more developed than the centro-dorsal one; 
the two succeeding ones separate the two radial shields of each pair, but the last 
one is very small. In each interradial space there is also a row of three plates 
succeeding the primary interradial one; the first one is about as large as the said 
primary interradial plate, the second one is a little more elongated, the third one, on 
the contrary, which is located at the margin of the disk, is transversely widened. 
Very small plates are sometimes observed between the first and the second inter- 
radial plates which I have just indicated. All the plates of the upper face of the 
disk are plainly polygonal with well-shaped angles, whereas, in Lyman’s drawing 
they are quite rounded, the centro-dorsal one excepted. Theradial shields, which are 
larger than the other plates, are triangular, one and a half times longer than wide, 
their length being a little inferior to the radius of the disk. They are diverging, 
close lying or contiguous distally, but separated on their whole length. The arrange- 
ment of the upper plates of the disk which I have just described is repeated exactly 
on the two specimens at the Jardin des Plantes. ~* 

The under face of the disk offers, out of the large mouth shield, but one large 
median plate with a wide proximal side, a fairly opened distal angle and two convex 
lateral sides; it is a little longer than wide. This shape is very different from that 
in Lyman’s drawing, which shows it to be transversely oval (75, pl. 1, fig. 6). On 
one of the specimens of the Jardin des Plantes, this median plate does offer the 
shape which I have just described, but on the other one the proximal side is a little 
convex, the distal angle is rounded, as well as the lateral sides, so that the outline 
of this plate tends to become oval, and it is then just as long as wide; in one of the 
interradial spaces it becomes even slightly wider than long, and it then resembles 
Lyman’s drawing. Two very small plates, which succeed the large median plate and 
are placed on the margin of the disk, complete the covering of the under face between 
the genital plates. The latter are very large, elongated, and wide. The genital 
slits are very small, scarcely distinguishable, and they only appear on a part of the 
distal side of the adoral plates. 

All the upper and under plates of the disk bear rounded granules which are 
conspicuous and widely separated. 

The upper brachial plates are relatively well developed on the specimen from 
the Albatross, and they are larger on Lyman’s type and also on the two specimens 
from the Jardin des Plantes, which, in this respect possess the arrangements de- 
scribed by Lyman. These plates extend the whole length of the arm; the first 
two, especially, are large, but their size rapidly decreases. 

The brachial spines are generally two in number; and yet I sometimes find 
three, not at the base of the arms but about the middle, and these are found both 
on the specimen from the Albatross and on the two specimens of the Paris Museum. 

The type of O. testudo was found by the Hassler at Barbados at a depth of 100 
fathoms; the species was found again by the Blake at several stations in the West 
Indies between 73 and 508 fathoms. 





=r 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. on 


OPHIOMUSIUM VALIDUM Ljungman. 
Ophiomusium validum LyonGMAN (71), p. 618. 
Ophiomusium validum Lyman (78), p. 114. 

Ophiomusium validum LyMan (78a), p. 219, pl. 5, fig. 9. 

Ophiomusium validum Lyman (82), p. 92, pl. 1, figs. 1-3; pl. 39, figs. 11-13. 
Ophiomusium validum LyMan (83), p. 246. 

Ophiomusium validum K@Hurr (97), p. 307. 

Ophiomusium validum Ka@uer (99), p. 25. 

Ophiomusium validum H. L. CLarK (01), p. 244. 

Ophiomusium validum Kauurr (04), p. 59. 

Ophiomusium validum Ka@wurr (07), p. 297. 

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 213 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2636. Apr. 7, 1886. Lat. 23° 10’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 
45’’ W.; 191 fathoms; dead. co. sh.; temp. 62.6° F. One specimen. 

Albatross, 1886. Off Havana; no depth mentioned. One’specimen. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 9 and 13 mm. 

In the drawings of O. validwm published by Lyman, the two radial shields 
of each pair are represented as being in contact on almost half their length, but 
in the descriptions given by the same writer, it is not definitely stated whether 
the radial shields are contiguous or separated; Lyman simply writes that “they 
are strongly diverging inward and separated by a triangular scale.”” Lyman 
made his description after a specimen, the disk of which was 8.5 mm. in diameter. 
Now, in the three specimens in hand, the radial shields are separated on their 
whole length by several successive plates, and in the largest specimen (off Havana), 
the two internal or radial sides of the shields of each pair are parallel and the 
interval which separates them is just as wide as the interradial space. In the other 
two examples, the radial shields are lying closer distally, even more so in the sample 
from station 2350, and they are slightly diverging. The arrangement of the radial 
shields may therefore vary as the age increases. In Ljungman’s type, the disk 
of which was 12 mm. in diameter, the radial shields were “‘sejuncta intus paullum 
divergentia.”” The other characters of my specimens are quite in accordance with 
Lyman’s description and there can be no doubt as to their determination. Besides, 
I have already had the opportunity of pointing out a few variations in the arrange- 
ment of the plates of the upper face of the disk in some specimens from the Indian 
Ocean (97, p. 307; 99, p. 25; 04, p. 59), and H. L. Clark also made similar remarks 
regarding the examples which came from Porto Rico (01, p. 244). 

O. validum has been found in a great many localities in the Caribbean Sea, 
between 60 and 1,518 fathoms. The Jnvestigator met with it north of the Laccadive 
Islands (931 fathoms), and the Siboga in Moluccan waters (230-600 fathoms). 


OPHIOMUSIUM ARMIGERUM Lyman. 
Plate 3, fig. 1. 
Ophiomusium armigerum LyMAN (78), p. 109, pl. 1, figs. 21-22. 
Ophiomusium armigerum LYMAN (82), p. 86, pl. 2, figs. 7-9. 
Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40’ N.; long. 58° 33’ W.; 
880 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 38° F. One specimen. 


1 Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., vol. 28, p. 618. 


32 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Fish Hawk station 7281. Feb. 14, 1901. Lat. 24° 13’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 58’ 
15’’ W.; 304 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. One specimen. 

The diameter of the disk varies between 5.5 and 8 mm. 

In the type described by Lyman, the diameter of the disk was 11 mm. wide. 
I observe between this type and the two specimens I have in hand, differences of the 
same kind as those which I have indicated above in O. validum, but exactly reversed. 
The upper plates of the disk are fewer and larger, and the two radial shields of each 
pair, instead of being parallel as represented by Lyman, are slightly diverging and 
distally contiguous. The primary plates are, besides, distinct. 


OPHIOMISIDIUM, new genus. 


This genus is closely allied to the genus Ophiomusium and up to now includes 
only species of very small size. The plates of the upper face of the disk are few 
and regularly arranged; the interradial spaces of the under face are extremely 
reduced owing to the more or less considerable widening of the first lateral brachial 
plates, chiefly of the first two; thanks to that widening, the arms, which, by the 
way, are very short, are broadly united to the disk and their width very rapidly 
decreases so that they offer, on the whole, a triangular shape. The first two 
widened lateral brachial plates carry some well-developed spines which are broad 
and flattened. Moreover, the first under brachial plate, instead of being rudimental 
as is normally the case in the genus Ophiomusium, offers exactly the same shape 
as the two following ones, and even exceeds them in size; it displays on each 
side a tentacular pore provided with a scale located exactly as on the succeeding 
plates. According to the widening of the first lateral brachial plate being more or 
less important, the interradial spaces of the under face are more or less reduced 
and they may even be completely lacking; in the latter case the genital slits also are 
lacking while they do exist whenever the first lateral plate is less developed. 

The genus Ophiomisidium, thus defined, includes three species, two of which 
are already known and had been classified by Lyman in the genus Ophiomusium, 
namely O. flabellum and O. pulchellum; the third one, which is described below 
under the name of O. speciosum, is new. 

Certain peculiarities in the structure of O. flabellum and O. pulchellum had 
already been indicated by Lyman, when describing these two species which had 
been gathered by the Challenger. In 1893, in his paper on the Ophiopus arcticus, 
Mortensen formally stated that these two species, being deprived of genital slits, 
had erroneously been referred to the genus Ophiomusium and that they ought to 
constitute a separate genus (98, p. 525); this naturalist backed his statement 
also on the peculiar shape of the first under brachial plate and the widening of 
the first lateral brachial plates. I therefore am simply naming the genus which 
the learned Danish naturalist proved should be introduced, and yet the genus I am 
proposing does not absolutely correspond to that which Mortensen conceived. In 
fact, as stated above, I consider the genus Ophiomisidium to be characterized 
essentially by the shape of the first under brachial plate and by the widening 
of the first lateral brachial plates, and I introduce only incidentally in the 
diagnosis the presence or absence of genital slits. Lyman had asserted that 
the genital slits were lacking in O. flabellum and O. pulchellum, and Mortensen 


—e" cee 
m* 
fe. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33 


admitted that peculiarity which, alone, would be sufficient to justify a generic 
separation. Now, I have been able to see such slits existing not only on a speci- 
men of O. pulchellum gathered by the Albatross (station 2625), but also in the new 
species to which I allude above, O. speciosum; these slits are exceedingly small, 
short, and narrow, but easily discernible, and there can be no doubt as to their 
presence. The question now is whether the absence of genital slits in 0. flabellum 
and their presence in the other two species prevent one from placing all three in 
the same genus; I do not think so, as all the other characters of their structure 
which I have observed are in conformity. 

It is beyond dispute that, owing to the considerable widening of the first 
lateral brachial plate which, with its congener, covers the whole interradial under 
space in OQ. flabellum, there remains no vacant space for the genital slits. But 
O. flabellum is a very small species in which the diameter of the disk does not exceed 
3.3 mm., and the arms also are only 3.3 mm. long; the question may be asked 
whether Lyman’s type is not a young specimen, in which case one might imagine 
that the intercalation of new plates would, as the animal grows older, allow genital 
slits to be formed. Whichever be the case, it seems to me that the peculiarities 
displayed in our three Ophiurans by the ventral and lateral brachial plates are 
amply sufficient to make the introduction of a new genus necessary, and I also 
think that the three species which I propose to classify in this genus are too 
closely allied for one of them to be separated from the other two, at least not until 
the discovery of new specimens has enabled us, by an anatomical study of these 
forms, to get some information concerning the state of the genital organs, chiefly 
in O. flabellum. 

It will perhaps not be useless to recall, in this connection, that in 1904 I intro- 
duced a new genus of Ophiurans which also shows a considerable development 
of the first lateral brachial plate, and to which I gave the name Ophiomidas (04, 
p. 26). I placed in this genus two new Ophiurans gathered by the Siboga (O. alatum 
and O. reductum), as well as a third species described in 1878 by Lyman and pro- 
visionally classified by him, with other species, in the genus Ophiozona under the 
name of O. dubia (78, p. 224). It happens that in O. alatum and O. dubium the 
disk is very small, its diameter not exceeding 3.5 mm., and the first lateral brachial 
plate is remarkably widened; in O. dubium it even covers on each side half the 
interradial under space and it joins its congener on the interradial median line; 
Lyman did not see in that species, nor have I seen in O. alatum, any genital slits. 
On the contrary, in O. reductum, which is larger and in which the diameter of the 
disk reaches from 6 to 7 mm., the genital slits are visible and extend up to the 
edge of the disk; and yet they are partly hidden by the first lateral brachial plate, 
which is much less widened than in the other two species. 

One of the two chief characters on which the genus Ophiomisidium is based, is 
the very peculiar structure of the first under brachial plate. Instead of being 
rudimental and compressed on both sides between the adoral plates, and being 
thus different from the succeeding plates, which are from two to four in number, 
and are large and provided on each side with a large tentacular pore, such as is 
most constantly observed in all the known species of the genus Ophiomusium, that 
first ventral plate here takes on a great development, for its size is somewhat superior 


34 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


to that of the second plate and it immediately acquires such characters as are dis- 
played only on that second plate in the same genus. It shows on each side a large 
pore provided with a scale, and as this pore corresponds to an ambulacral tube, 
the result is certainly an important modification in the aquiferous system, such as 
Mortensen had already pointed out. It is obvious that this structure can not be 
modified by age, and even if it were proved that the genus Ophiomisidiwm includes 
only young forms, it would nevertheless constitute a generic character of the utmost 
value. 

The second character of the genus Ophiomisidium, that is to say, the widening 
of the first lateral brachial plates, shows to a variable degree in the three species 
of that genus which are actually known. It is especially conspicuous in O. flabellum, 
where the first lateral plate is considerably widened and completely covers the inter- 
radial under space while at the same time it leans on the median line against the 
front one and takes the place of the corresponding genital plate; the mouth shield 
is thus pushed back toward the mouth and remains rudimental. In O. pulchellum, 
the first lateral brachial plate, though very large, does not extend so much over the 
interradial space, but the latter nevertheless remains very narrow and is bounded 
chiefly on each side by the genital plate. Lastly, in O. speciosum, which I describe 
below, the first lateral plate is less widened, and on the whole length of the inter- 
radial space, from the end of the mouth shield to the margin of the disk, there is a 
large median plate which separates the genital plates throughout their whole length. 
In the last two species, the burse find, at the lower face of the disk, a sufficient 
space to make their opening outwardly, which does not seem to be the case in 
O. flabellum. 


Type of the genus.—Ophiomisidium speciosum, new species. 
OPHIOMISIDIUM SPECIOSUM, new species. 


Plate 3, figs. 3-4. 


Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 440 
fathoms; co. ers. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2761 (type-locality). Dec. 26, 1887.- Lat. 15° 39’ N.; long. 
38° 32’ 54’’ W.; 818 fathoms; pter. oz.; temp. 39° F. Four specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32291, U.S.N.M. 

In the largest specimen from station 2761 the disk is 5 mm. in diameter, the 
arms are also 5 mm. long; the other specimens are somewhat smaller, and the disk 
ranges from 3.5 to 4.5 mm. in diameter. The two specimens from station 2415 are 
very small, the diameter of the disk ranging between 2 and 2.5 mm. 

The disk is rounded, thinner at the edges, and is continued, without any well- 
defined line of demarcation, by the arms; the upper face is very strongly convex, 
while the under face is plane. 

The arrangement of the plates of the upper face of the disk is the same as in 
O. pulchellum Lyman. The central region is occupied by six large primary plates, 
all being about the same size; the centro-dorsal plate is pentagonal, and the radial 
plates have a more or less hexagonal outline. Next come, in each interradial space, 
two successive plates; the first is very large, pentagonal, longer than wide with an 


4 oO 
. — 


fat 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 


obtuse proximal angle, its lateral borders are parallel and its distal side is straight; 
the second plate, which is located near the margin, is smaller, transversely widened, 
and wider than long. The radial shields are large, longer than wide, polygonal and 
sometimes distally rounded; proximally they touch the corresponding primary radial 
plate and they are in contact with one another on two-thirds of their length; distally 
they are separated by a little triangular plate. All these plates are slightly convex, 
but they do not offer the slightest trace of tuberosity or swelling, such as is observed 
in O. pulchellum; their surfaces are covered only with fine granulations, which are 
smaller on the plates of the primary rosette and become a little more conspicuous 
on the plates of the disk margin, where they are, however, less marked than on 
the arms. 

The under face of the disk is very much reduced in the interradial spaces, owing 
to the considerable widening of the first two brachial articles; this reduction is, 
however, less marked than in O. pulchellum. The middle of each of these spaces is 
occupied by a large elongated plate succeeding the mouth shield and contiguous to 
it along its proximal border; this plate, which is narrow in its proximal part, grows 
wider and wider, so that its distal border, strongly convex, is two or two and a half 
times wider than the proximal side; the lateral borders are divergent and straight. 
The distal side of this median plate extends slightly under the interradial plate 
which occupies the margin of the disk on the upper side, and may be seen when 
looking at the Ophiuran from the upper side. On each side of the median plate 
there is a very large and elongated genital plate. The remnant of the under face is 
occupied by a little triangular plate. The genital slits are small and very short, 
not exceeding the base of the first lateral brachial plate, but they are, nevertheless, 
easily recognized; they are slightly fusiform. 

The mouth shields are distant from the mouth, owing to the width of the oral 
and adoral plates, and their middles lie nearer the margin than the center of the 
disk. They are rather small, pentagonal, about as long as wide, with a fairly 
open proximal angle limited by two straight sides; the two succeeding sides are 
about as long as the preceding ones; they join outwardly with a very short and 
straight distal border. The adoral plates are fairly large, about twice and a half 
longer than wide, with parallel sides. The oral plates also are well developed and 
twice longer than wide. The oral papille are not distinct and they form a thin, 
uninterrupted fringe along the oral plates. 

All the plates of the under face of the disk are covered with fine granulations, 
which become a little stronger toward the margin and appear still more so on the 
brachial plates. 

The arms are very broad at their bases, but they always remain quite distinct 
from the disk; they are relatively short and their length is equal to the diameter 
of the disk. I count no more than eight brachial articles when looking at the 
Ophiuran from its upper face, and nine on the under side. The first upper brachial 
plate is very much wider than long, its proximal side being concave, and its distal 
side convex; it is in contact with the triangular plate which separates the distal 
parts of the radial shields. The following plates, which very soon grow extremely 
small, are triangular, with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side; they 


36 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


are at first wider than long, they afterwards become as wide aslong. They extend 
up to the ends of the arms and are always very widely separated through the lateral 
plates. The granules which are to be seen on their surfaces are very fine and much 
smaller than on the lateral plates; there is no indication of tubercles such as those 
which are known to exist on O. pulchellum. 

The first under brachial plate is large and sensibly longer than wide. It is nar- 
rowed in its proximal half by the corresponding tentacular pores, while it widens 
distally; ithas an obtuse proximal angle which is more or less rounded, lateral borders 
which are very concave and a distal side which is widened and convex. The following 
plates grow rapidly smaller, and they are widely separated by the lateral plates. 
The form of the second plate resembles that of the first, but it is narrowed to a 
greater extent in its proximal half, while it widens more in its distal region. This 
form becomes exaggerated on the succeeding plates, the proximal parts of which 
finally disappear altogether, when the plates assume the shape of a triangle with an 
obtuse proximal angle and a most convex distal side. These plates, although much 
reduced, extend to the ends of the arms. 

The lateral plates acquire a very great development chiefly on the under side 
where the first two, principally, are considerably widened. The first plate is short 
and very wide; the second, almost as wide as the preceding one, is somewhat longer; 
the third and the fourth, still narrower, grow longer, and the length rapidly increases 
in the following plates, while the width decreases more and more, so that the plates 
are finally much longer than wide. The first lateral plate carries two fairly strong 
spines, short and flattened, truncated at their ends and with some roughness on 
their borders; on the second plate the spines, amounting to three, have the same 
shape as the preceding ones, but they are longer and stronger; the third plate bears 
two or three spines, and the succeeding plates have only two spines, which rapidly 
become very small. 

The surface of the first lateral brachial plates is strongly granulous. The 
granules, larger than on the other plates, are rounded and widely separated; they 
grow finer as they lie nearer the arm ends. 

The tentacular pores amount to five pairs on each arm, and they are provided 
each with one fairly large, rounded scale. 

Connections and differences.—O. speciosum is closely allied to O. pulchellum 
(Lyman), from which it differs, however, first in having the upper plates of the disk 
and arms completely deprived of these tuberosities which impart to the upper face 
of O. pulchellum such a characteristic appearance, and also in having the inter- 
radial underspaces more widened, owing to a lesser development, in breadth, of the 
first brachial articles. The mouth shield is succeeded by a single median plate; 
this plate, much elongated and pretty wide, extends from the mouth shield to the 
margin of the disk and separates the two genital plates on their whole length, 
which is not the case in O. pulchellum, which may offer either the arrangement 
indicated by Lyman or the one described as O. pulchellum from station 2625. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37 


OPHIOMISIDIUM PULCHELLUM (Wyville Thomson). 


Ophiomusium pulchellum Wyvitte Taomson, The Voyage of the Challenger, vol. 2, 1877, 
p. 67, figs. 18-19. 
Ophiomusium pulchellum LyMANn (78), p. 118, pl. 5, figs. 144-145. 
Ophiomusium pulchellum LyMAn (82), p. 96, pl. 3, figs. 1-3. 
Ophiomusium pulchellum Lupwia (99), p. 2. 
Ophiomusium pulchellum Ka@uier (07), p. 266. 
Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35’ N.; long. 77° 30’ W.; 
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. One specimen. 
The diameter of the disk is 4 mm. and the length of the arms, when measured 
from their insertion on the disk, is 5 mm. 
The upper face of the disk offers the plate arrangement so characteristic of 
O. pulchellum which has been described and figured by Lyman; but on the under 
face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, I observe a slightly different arrangement 
from the one indicated by that author. Lyman points out that, following the 
mouth shield, the two genital plates are contiguous on a large part of their length, 
and they are separated distally only by a median plate which occupies the margin 
of the disk. On the specimen from the Albatross the mouth shields have their 
proximal angle more obtuse and the distal edge more rounded and convex. Each 
of them is followed by a small, short, and rounded median plate which separates 
the genital plates along a certain part of their interradial edge. Thanks to the 
intercalation of that plate, which Lyman failed to mehtion, the two genital plates 
remain contiguous only on a rather short space, since they are again distally 
separated by the odd marginal plate, the only one which Lyman does mention on 
the median interradial line. I had already noticed, in the samples gathered by the 
Travailleur and the Talisman, that this median plate was more elongated than in 
Lyman’s type (07 a, p. 266). I may add that, in the individual from the Albatross, 
I have been able to identify the genital slits; these are extremely short and carried 
back toward the proximal end of the genital plates, but they are nevertheless 
plainly recognizable. These slits had not been perceived by Lyman, who thought 
they were lacking, and their discovery is all the more interesting owing to the 
fact that they also exist in O. speciosum. 
OPHIOCTEN HASTATUM Lyman. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 165. 


Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 
440 fathoms; co. ers. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2429. June 13, 1885. Lat. 42° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 50° 51’ W.; 
471 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 38.7° F. One small specimen. 

Albatross station 2542. July 7, 1885. Lat. 40° 00’ 15’” N.; long. 70° 42’ 
20’ W.; 129 fathoms; s. brk. sh.; temp. 47.2° F. Two small specimens. 

Albatross stations 2582-83. Sept. 18,1885. Lat. 39° 50’ N.; long. 71° 43’ W.; 
131-137 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 47.2° F. Many specimens mixed with numerous 
Ophioglypha sarsii. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 3.5 and 10 mm., but is generally about 
6 or 7 mm. 


38 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family AMPHIURID. 
OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA (Linnzus). 
See for bibliography: 


Koehler (09), p. 167. 

Grieg (10), p. 4. 

H. L. Clark (11), p. 128. 

Siissbach und Breckner (11), p. 249. 


Albatross station 2027. May 25,1883. Lat. 39° 58’ 25’’ N.; long. 70° 37’ W.; 
198 fathoms; bu. m. and s.; temp. 43° F. Three specimens. 

Albatross station 2055. Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42° 32’ N.; long. 68° 17’ W.; 
99.5 fathoms; bu. m., s., and crs. g. One small specimen. 

Albatross station 2063. Aug. 31, 1883. Lat. 42° 23’ N.; long. 66° 23’ W.; 
141 fathoms; s. and crs. g.; temp. 46° F. Ten specimens. 

Albatross station 2067. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42° 15’ 25’’ N.; long. 65° 48’ 
40’’ W.; 122 fathoms; s. and g.; temp. 46° F. Nine specimens. 

Albatross station 2422. June 3, 1885. Lat. 37° 08’ 30’ N.; long. 74° 33’ 
30’’ W.; 85 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. Several specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 1503. July 22, 1890. Six miles south of Saybrook Light, 
Connecticut; 16.66 fathoms; m. sh.; temp. 67° F. Three specimens. 

Speedwell station 234. Sept. 24, 1878. Off Gloucester, Massachusetts; 43 
fathoms; sft. br. m. Two little specimens. 

Grampus station 646. Aug. 2, 1894. Lat. 50° 07’ 00’’ N.; long. 64° 03’ 
30’’ W. Four specimens. 

Grampus station 5015. Numerous specimens. 

Davis Strait, 1879. N. P. Scudder (No. 90). Eighteen specimens. 

East coast of North America. Three specimens. 


OPHIOSTIGMA ISACANTHUM (Say). 
See for bibliography: 
Kehler (18), p. 363. 


Key West. Eight specimens. 

Key Largo. Nine specimens. 

No Name Key. One isolated disk. 

Banks near Indian Key. One isolated disk. 

Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 42’ 30’” N.; long. 81° 55’ 
52’’ W.; 74 fathoms; co.; temp. 20°C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7419. Jan. 22,1903. Five-eighths mile N. 4 E. of Hog 
Key; 7 feet; rky. One specimen. 

In most specimens, the diameter of the disk varies between 3 and 5 mm. 

I made an elaborate study of O. isacanthum in the above-mentioned memoir, 
to which I would respectfully refer the reader. 





a 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 


HEMIPHOLIS ELONGATA (Say). 


Ophiura elongata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, 1825, p. 146. 
Ophiolepis elongata Mijtier and Troscuet (42), p. 95. 

Ophiolepis elongata Stimpson (52), p. 225. 

Ophiolepis uncinata AyrxEs (52), p. 250. 

Amphiura elongata LiivKEn (59), p. 115, pl. 3, fig. 1. 

Hemipholis cordifera Lyman (65), p. 137, pl. 1, figs. 1-3. 

Hemipholis cordifera LroNaMan (66), p. 322. 

Hemipholis cordifera LyMAn (82), p. 158. 

Hemipholis elongata Ives (89), p. 177. 

Hemipholis cordifera K@HtER (07), p. 298. 

One mile inside May River, South Carolina. One specimen. 

St. Augustine, Florida. Some dry specimens. 

Trinidad. Two specimens. 

Rio Janeiro. Three specimens. 

T have designated this species by the name of H. elongata instead of H. cordifera, 
under which it is usually known, especially since the publication of Lyman’s work, 
first because the name elongata had been applied to it by Say in 1825, and again 
because the term ‘“‘cordifera”’ has produced some confusion, which I think is due 
chiefly to Lyman and has never yet been pointed out. In fact, Lyman, who, in 
1865, gave an excellent description of the species with which we are dealing, thought 
that it was the same as had been called by Bose, in 1830, Asterias cordifera. Now, the 
latter is an Amphiura of the Amphiodia section, in which the under face of the disk 
is provided with scales; Liitken gave that synonymy in 1859, when he published 
a good description and some figures of the said Amphiodia which he called Amphiura 
cordifera (Bosc) in his ‘‘Additamenta”’ (59, p. 115); also in 1860,! when he called it 
Amphiura riiset. In 1859, in the same volume of the ‘‘Additamenta,” he pub- 
lished also a good description and some drawings of Amphiura elongata (Say). 
The two species described by Liitken were perfectly distinct, and the descriptions, 
as well as the figures published by him, were excellent. There would have been, con- 
sequently, no difficulty due to synonymy concerning Hemipholis elongata had not 
Lyman, in 1865, adopting the generic name of Hemipholis suggested by Agassiz, 
described Amphiura elongata under the name of H. cordifera, thus considering this 
form to be synonymous with Asterias cordifera Bosc. Later, in 1882, he published 
in the Reports of the Challenger (82, p. 158) a synonymic list for his Hemipholis 
cordifera which contained the same errors. One can hardly account for Lyman’s 
considering as synonymous two forms so clearly distinct as those which Liitken 
had so well described and figured under the names of Amphiura elongata and A. 
cordifera. 

Consequently, for the Hemipholis distinguished by Say in 1825 the name of 
elongata, which he had applied to it, must be kept. 


1 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 258. 
6061°—Bull. 84—14—4 


40 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


There is now a second question of denomination to be discussed, namely, that 
referring to the Amphiodia which Liitken successively designated as cordifera 
and riisei. I have had in hand Liitken’s type with the label in this naturalist’s 
own handwriting, and this label reads exactly: ‘“Amphipholis—Amphiura Riiset 
Litken—A. cordifera Liitken.”’ It seems therefore that the name of rizsei was 
preferred by him, and considering also that the name cordifera might lead to con- 
fusion, I feel rather inclined to adopt the former, for, in my opinion, the rule of 
priority must not be applied with such strictness as to procure inconveniences or 
facilitate errors. Besides, I beg to point out that the term cordifera has been 
employed only by Ljungman (71, p. 647), who classified this species in the genus 
Amphipholis, but the very few authors who have written about it since, such as 
Ludwig in 1882 and H. L. Clark in 1901, have designated it under the name of 
riisei. The same denomination was adopted also by Lyman in 1875 (%5, p. 128) 
and in 1882 (82, pp. 125 and 146). 

OPHIACTIS ASPERULA (Philippi). 

See for bibliography: 

Keehler (08), p. 80. 


Albatross station 2768. Jan. 14,1888. Lat. 42° 24’S.; long. 61° 38’ 30’’ W.; 
43 fathoms; dk. s. bk. s. Ten specimens. 

Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 1888. Lat. 48° 37’ S.; long. 65° 46’ W.; 
58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2773. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 52° 23’ S.; long. 68° 11’ W.; 
10 fathoms; fne. gy. s. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2775. Jan. 18,1888. Lat. 52° 22’ 30’’S.; long. 69° 22’ W.; 
29.5 fathoms; s. st. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2777. Jan. 19, 1888. Lat. 52° 38’ S.; long. 70° 10’ 30’’ W.; 
19.75 fathoms; g. Three specimens. 

Albatross station 2778. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 01’ S.; long. 70° 42’ 15’’ W.; 
61 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.9° F. Seven specimens. 

Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 06’ S.; long. 70° 40’ 30’’ W.; 
77.5 fathoms; gn. oz.; temp. 46.9° F. Two specimens. 

Coast of Patagonia. Two dry specimens. 

OPHIACTIS DISPAR (Verrill). 

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30” W.; 
34 fathoms; brk. sh.; Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2369 (2). Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29° 16’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 32’ 
W.; 26 fathoms; ers. gy. s. brk. sh. Several specimens. 


ou OPHIACTIS DUPLICATA (Lyman). 
See for bibliography: 


Keehler (09), p. 171. 


Albatross station 2117. Jan. 17,1884. Lat. 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 63° 31’ 307’ 
W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. Two specimens. 


eo 7 
“yt ¥ 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41 


Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 18° 30’ N.; long. 63° 31’ W.; 
496 fathoms; fne. gy. s.; temp. 44.5° F. Seven specimens. 

The specimens from station 2750 have their first upper brachial plate divided 
into two almost equal halves, according to the drawing published by Lyman in 1865 
(65, pl. 5, fig. 78). In those of station 2117, this plate is single and its disposition is 
imilar to that depicted by Lyman in the Reports of the Challenger (82, pl. 17, fig. 10). 


OPHIACTIS MULLERI Liitken. 
See for bibliography: 
Lyman (82), p. 115. 
Keehler (07), p. 311. 
Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30” Wes 
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen. 
Albatross stations 2369-2374. Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29° 18’ to 29° 11’ N.; 
long. 85° 32’ to 85° 29’ W.; 25-27 fathoms. A few specimens. 
Albatross station 2406. Mar. 15,1885. Lat. 28° 46’ 00’ N.; long. 84° 49’ W.; 
26 fathoms; ers. s. co. One specimen. 
In the sample from station 2406, the diameter of the disk is 3 mm.; the others 
are smaller and their diameters do not exceed 2 mm. Most have six arms, but 
some, however, have only five. 


OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYI (Miiller and Troschel). 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (05), p. 26. 
Keehler (07), p. 311. 
Keehler (18), p. 355. 
Albatross station 2374. Feb. 5, 1885. Lat. 29° 11’ 30’ N.; long. 85° 29’ W.; 
26 fathoms; s. g. brk. sh. One specimen. 
Albatross station 2409. Mar. 18, 1885. Lat. 27° 04’ N.; long. 83° 21’ 15/” Wiss 
26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 42’ 30” N.; long. 81° 55/ 
52’’ W.; 74 fathoms; co.; temp. 20°C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7402. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 9 feet; s. gs. 
Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7405. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 10 feet; rky. One 
specimen. 
Key West. Dec. 2, 1903. Main Ship Channel. One specimen. 
Dry Tortugas, 1884. Several specimens. 
Spanish Wells, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. One specimen. 
St. Thomas, 1884. Several specimens. 
Pernambuco, 1875. One specimen. 
Abrothos Islands. Dec. 12, 1887. Several specimens. 
No label. One specimen. 
All the specimens are provided with six arms, except that of station 2409, 
which has seven. 


42 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
item AMPHILEPIS NORVEGICA (Ljungman). 
See for bibliography: 
Koehler (09), p. 181. 
Siissbach and Breckner (11), p. 251. 
Albatross station 2043. July 30, 1883. Lat. 39° 49’ N.; long. 68° 20’ 30’’ W.; 
1,467 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 38.5° F. Two specimens. 
Albatross, 1883. Off Cape Hatteras. Depth not mentioned. Two specimens. 
The diameter of the disk ranges between.6 and 9.5 mm. The examples are 
rather incomplete, especially those from station 2043, in which all the arms are 
broken from their very bases. 
The depth of 1,467 fathoms is rather considerable, but a still greater one (1,608 
fathoms) has been noted by Verrill (85, p. 549). 


OPHIOPHRAGMUS WUNDERMANI (Lyman). 
Plate 8, figs. 1-2. 
Amphiura wundermani LYMAN (61), p. 169. 
Ophiophragmus wundermani Lyman (65), p. 132. 
Amphiura wundermani LyuNemAN (71), p. 648. 
Ophiophragmus wundermani LYMAN (82), p. 159. 

Trinidad. Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884. A few examples. 

The specimens are quite in conformity with Lyman’s descriptions. I notice 
only that the marginal scales of the upper face of the disk are generally less erect 
and less distinct than in the other species of the same genus. 

O. wundermani has never been figured. I beg to present here two illustrations 
of one of the specimens in the United States National Museum (pl. 8, figs. 1, 2). 

This species had not before been reported except on the coasts of Florida. 


OPHIOCNIDA FILOGRANEA Lyman. 
Ophioenida filogranea LyMAN (75), p. 20, figs. 88-89. 
Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman (82) pp. 153 and 155. 
Ophiocnida filogranea VERRILL (99a), p. 317. 

Cedar Keys, Florida. Six specimens. 

Sarasota Bay, Florida. One specimen. 

Puntarasa, Florida. Feb., 1884. One specimen. 

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Mar.,1887. One specimen. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 4.5 and 6 mm. 

This species belongs to the second group of Ophioenida of Verrill, in which 
the disk scales are partly bare, partly provided with granules or very short spinules, 
or both, and in which are included O. filogranea, lovenit (Ljungman) and liitkeni 
(Ljungman). 

OPHIOCNIDA LOVENI (Ljungman). 
Plate 5, figs. 7, 8. 
Ophiophragmus loveni LruNGMAN (66a), p. 165. 
Ophiocnida loveni Lyman (75), p. 21. 
Ophioenida loveni Lyman (82), pp. 153 and 155. 
Ophioenida lovent VERRILL (99a), p. 317. 


Ljungman who first described this species had included it in the genus Ophio- 
phragmus. Lyman made of it an Ophiocnida, which is more correct, and connects 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 43 


it with 0. filogranea (7%, p. 21), from which he distinguishes it chiefly by the shape 
of the oral papillae. Ljungman’s description is fairly complete, but it will not be 
useless to insist on the differences which separate the two species, since O. filogranea 
is found in the collections gathered by the Albatross. 

Ljungman’s type is preserved in the Stockholm Museum and I have been able 
to study it, thanks to the kindness of Professor Théel. It is represented only by a 
single specimen from Rio de Janeiro; the disk is 6 mm. in diameter and the arms are 
from 30 to 32 mm. long; they are consequently much shorter than in O. filogranea. 

The upper face is covered with fairly large plates which are unequal and 
polygonal, without the slightest indication of primary plates. The radial shields 
are triangular, one and a half times longer than wide and not twice so, as stated 
by Ljungman; they are contiguous only on half their length and proximally 
remain separated by a fairly wide triangular space, which is beset by a few plates. 
The spines do not appear until on the margin of the disk, as is also the case with 
O. filogranea, but they extend over the whole under face, whilst in the latter species, 
they cover only a peripheric triangular area which is more or less reduced. The 
mouth shields are about as long as wide and even a little wider than long; they are 
lozenge-shaped with a truncated distal angle. The adoral plates are rather thick, 
and wider outwardly than inwardly. The three oral papille are flattened and they 
all come up to the same height, but the external papilla is wider than the others. 
These various characters of the mouthpieces clearly separate O. loveni from O. filo- 
granea. Finally, the upper brachial plates are less wide in the former than in the 
latter species and their shape is rather triangular with an obtuse and rounded 
proximal angle; the under plates are plainly pentagonal with an obtuse proximal 
angle instead of being rectangular as in O. filogranea. 


OPHIOCNIDA SCABRIUSCULA (Liitken). 
See for bibliography: 
Verrill (99a), p. 317. 


Key West, Florida. 1885. Eight specimens. 
Diameter of disk included between 4 and 6 mm. 


AMPHILIMNA OLIVACEA (Lyman). 
See for bibliography: 
Verrill (99a), p. 318. 


Albatross station 2646. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 47’ N.; long. 80° 05’ W.; 
85 fathoms; gy. s. for. Twelve specimens. 

The arms which are very long, are broken in pieces. The diameter of the 
disk generally ranges between 5 and 10 mm., and in two specimens it does not 
exceed 3 mm. 

A. olivacea was formerly classified in the genus Ophioenida from which it was 
removed in 1899 by Verrill who made it the type of his new genus Amphilimna. 

This species has been met with at several places off the eastern coast of the 
United States; it extends from Marthas Vineyard as far down as the coasts of 
Florida and appears also in the West Indies. It lives between 40 and 192 fathoms. 


44 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
OPHIONEREIS RETICULATA (Say). 
See for bibliography: 
Lyman (82), p. 162. 
Lyman (83), p. 253. 
Ives (89), p. 177. 
Liitken and Mortensen (99), p. 162, pl. 13, fig. 10. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 249. 
H. L. Clark (01a), p. 340. 
Keehler (07), p. 315. 
Keehler (07a), p. 274. 
Keehler (13), p. 360. 
Albatross station 2138. Feb. 29,1884. Lat. 17° 44’ 05’ N.; long. 75° 39’ W.; 
23 fathoms; co. brk. sh. One specimen. 
Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16, 1887. Lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ W.; 
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Several specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7209. Dec. 9, 1901. North Key. Lat. 28° 52’ 45” N.; 
long. 83° 07’ W.; 5% fathoms; rky.; temp. 16.1° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7257. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55’ 30’’ N.; 
long. 83° 11’ 30’’ W.; 13 fathoms; hrd. and c.; temp. 16.4° C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7429. Jan. 27, 1902. Hawk Channel; 14 feet; rky. One 
specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1902. Grecian Shoals; 2? fathoms. One 
specimen. 
Key West, Florida. Several specimens. 
Indian Key. Eight specimens. 
Tortugas Reef. One dry specimen. 
Dry Tortugas. One specimen. 
Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen. 
Hungry Bay, Bermudas. Four specimens. 
Abrolhos Islands. Three specimens. 


OPHIONEREIS SQUAMULOSA Keehler, new name. 
Ophionereis squamata K@uuER (18), p. 560, pl. 21, figs. 4-6. 


Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16, 1887. Lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ W.; 
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Two specimens. 

Diameter of the disk, 2.5 to 3 mm. 

Thad an opportunity of noting these two specimens when describing the species 
in the above-mentioned memoir, from an example which had been caught in the 
West Indies by Messrs. Kiikenthal and Hartmeyer. 

After having described this Ophiuran in 1913, I noticed that the name Ophio- 
nereis sywamata had been applied by Ljungman, in 1866, to the Ophionereis which had 
been described in 1860 by Lyman under the name of O. porrecta. Although the first 
of these words has disappeared from science, owing to its having fallen into 
synonymy, I propose, in order to avoid all chance of equivocation, to replace the 
name of 0. squamaia by that of O. squamulosa. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 45 


OPHIOPSILA RUSEI Liitken. 


See for bibliography: 
Verrill (99), p. 23. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 246. 
Verrill (07), p. 328. 
Keehler (07), p. 315. 
Albatross station 2649. Apr. 12, 1886. Lat. 23° 34’ N.; long. 76° 33’ W.; 
36 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 74.2° F. A single arm. 
Fish Hawk station 7151. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman’s Bay. Lat. 29° 43’ 40’’ 
N.; long. 83° 49’ 45’’ W.; 5} fathoms; c.; temp. 20.5° C. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19,1903. Grecian Shoals, Florida; 2} fathoms; 
barry and s. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7482. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; 13 
fathoms; barry. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7484. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; 2 
fathoms; s. grs. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7493. Mar. 10, 1903. Card Sound, Florida; 13 fathoms; 
barry. One specimen. 
Key West, Florida. Three specimens. 
Florida. Two dry specimens. 


OPHIOPSILA MACULATA (Verrill). 
Amphipsila maculata VERRILL (99), p. 55. 


Albatross station 2138. Feb. 29,1884. Lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ W.; 
23 fathoms; co. brk. sh. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2167. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’ 
W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

The two samples are not in good condition. 

AMPHIURA FLEXUOSA Ljungman 
Plate 4, figs. 1-2. 
Amphiura flexuosa LIUNGMAN (66), p. 319. 
Amphiura flecuosa LIUNGMAN (71), p. 643. 
Amphiura flecuosa LyMAn (75), p. 17. 
Amphiura flecuosa LyMANn (82), pp. 124 and 144. 
Amphiura fleruosa H. L. CuarK (01), p. 247. 

A. flexuosa was described by Ljungman from a single specimen which came 
from the Brazilian coast, and which is very likely littoral. The characters of this 
species were stated again by the same writer in the table of Amphiuride pub- 
lished by him in 1871, where he classified it among the species with bare under face 
of disk. Notwithstanding certain characters which have been plainly, though 
very briefly, indicated by Ljungman, the species does not seem to have been easily 
recognized after this writer. Lyman, who had first referred to that species in 1875, 
an Amphiura found in the waters of Barbados at 100 fathoms depth, separates it 
under the name of A. palmeri in the synoptical table of the species of Amphiurz 
of the Challenger. According to Lyman, this latter species is characterized 
chiefly by the presence of plates, little apparent, on the under face of the disk, 
and by the shape of the second and third under spines having each a hook-shaped 


46 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


extremity. H. L. Clark has reported A. flecuosa at Porto Rico in a depth ranging 
between 162 and 171 fathoms, but he points out that the second under spine of his 
specimen has its extremity bent. We will see further that Ljungman’s type does 
not offer this character. 

I have had in hand a certain number of Amphiuride of the West Indies, 
either from the Albatross Expeditions or from Messrs. Kiikenthal and Hartmeyer’s 
voyage, some of which have the under face of the disk bare, while the others have 
it covered with scales; in some of them also the spines are variably bihamuled, 
and for certain specimens, a comparison with A. fleruosa was indispensable. Before 
anything else, I thought it necessary to determine accurately the characters of 
this species and to study its type as minutely as possible; thanks to Professor 
Théel’s kindness I was able to secure the loan of this type, and I think it useful 
to give here a description with some illustrations. Unfortunately, the specimen is 
not in a perfect state of preservation and the disk is incomplete, but the characters 
can nevertheless be perfectly well discerned. 

Ljungman says that the diameter of the disk is about 7 mm., but it seems to me 
to scarcely reach that figure; the longest arm is preserved to a length of over 45 mm. 

The disk is rounded, very deeply excavated in the interradial spaces. The 
upper face is covered with fairly large imbricated plates which are subequal, and 
become smaller in the middle of the interradial spaces and a little larger in the 
vicinity of the radial shields. The latter are triangular, very long and narrow, 
with a narrow basis and a very acute proximal angle; they are fairly divergent, 
contiguous distally on about a third of their length and separated proximally by 
several rows of plates; as indicated by Ljungman, their length is equal to half the 
radius of the disk. 

The upper plates of the disk extend over to the under face and they form 
around that face a narrow peripheric border which is very sharply limited inwardly, 
but all the rest of the under face is absolutely devoid of plates; it displays only a 
thin and transparent tegument, slightly plaited and dark-colored. The genital plates 
are elongated and narrow; the genital slits are very conspicuous and rather wide. 

The mouth shields, almost as long as wide, are rather small and their shape 
may be compared to a triangle with a strongly convex proximal basis, excavated 
lateral borders which join, by rounded angles, a straight and narrow distal side 
which represents the truncated apex of the triangle. It might also be said that 
these shields have a pentagonal shape with a very obtuse and rounded proximal 
angle, limited by convex sides, slightly excavated lateral edges, and a small distal 
edge. The adoral plates are triangular, with an almost straight distal side, and 
two other deeply excavated sides; these plates are limited to the sides of the mouth 
shield, and their rounded internal angles are widely separated on the interradial 
median line; distally, they become wider and form a narrow blade which separates 
the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are high 
and rather narrow. The external oral papilla is conical, spimiform, fairly strong, 
and ends in an obtuse point; it is obliquely erect; the internal papilla is thick and 
oval; between these two papille there is, on a higher level, an intermediate papilla 
which is directed horizontally and is of conical shape, but it is thinner and more 
pointed than the external one. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47 


The upper brachial plates are not very large; they are as a whole rounded or 
oval, and they can hardly be said to have distinct sides; they offer a narrow proximal 
side which is slightly excavated at the béginning of the arms and a strongly convex 
distal side. The first eight or ten plates are rather small, almost as long as wide; 
they become progressively larger and at the same time wider than long. 

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, with a widened proximal 
side, a narrow distal side, and diverging lateral sides; it is a little wider than long. 
The succeeding plates are middle-sized and rather narrow; they are quadrangular, 
a little longer than wide, with rounded angles, a little more widened in their proximal 
region; the proximal side is actually divided, at a short distance from the basis, 
into one fairly wide median side and two little oblique lateral sides. All these plates 
are contiguous. 

The lateral brachial plates carry six spines each as indicated by Ljungman. 
The first ventral spine is about as long as the article; it is fairly thick, cylindrical, 
with a rounded point. The following one is a little larger; it is fairly wide at its 
basis, but it rapidly grows thinner and its point is sharper than that of the foregoing 
one. Afterwards, the length of the spines decreases very slowly down to the 
last dorsal one which is lightly flattened but sharp, a shape which was already 
beginning to appear in the preceding spine. The end of the lateral spines is simply 
pointed and absolutely straight; it is neither truncated nor bent sideways into a 
little hook, neither is it provided with spinules; their surface is perfectly smooth 
on their whole length. The exact shape of the brachial spines of A. fleruosa has 
been correctly observed by Ljungman and in the table of the species of Amphiuridz 
published by him in 1871, he sets A. semiermis and flexuosa which have ‘spine 
brachiales acuminate, non complanate, teretes’’ in opposition to <A. latispina 
and kinbergi which have ‘‘spine brachiales obtuse, plus minus complanate, 
latiuscule.”’ 

The tentacular brachial pores, rounded, are very large while the tentacular 
scales, amounting to two, are extremely small; these scales are rounded and arranged 
oblique to one another; the external scale, which is inserted on the lateral plate, 
is a little larger than the other and tends to assume an oval shape. These scales 
do not really take their definite characters until after the first two or three brachial 
articles on which they may either be lacking or limited to one only. 

The color of the specimen in alcohol is whitish on the upper face and brownish 
on the under face. ; 

Connections and differences.—The species of the genus Amphiura (s. lat.) are, 
generally, separated from one another by very obvious and easily distinguishable 
characters; if it has sometimes been found difficult to determine them, it has been 
due more to insufficient descriptions and to the lack of drawings than to the 
existence of intermediate forms. If we abide by the characters which we have 
just observed in Ljungman’s type, which is evidently the only one which can be 
taken as a standard, we shall say that A. fleruosa is distinguished by the fol- 
lowing chief characters: 

1, The under face of the disk is bare, the upper plates pass over somewhat 
to that face in the shape of a marginal and rather narrow border, but the said face 
may be considered as remaining bare; a like border is often observed in other species 


48 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


with bare under face of the disk and it is undoubtedly due to a contraction of the 
tissues of the animal when it was put into alcohol. 

2. The tentacular scales amount to two and are all very small. 

3. The brachial spines amount to six; they are pointed and absolutely deprived 
of a terminal hook. 

4. The radial shields are very much elongated. The mouth shields display 
a peculiar shape with a convex proximal side and the external oral papilla is spini- 
form. 

5. Lastly, the upper and under brachial plates are narrow and the latter are 
longer than wide. 

Any Amphiura which does not possess the above characters can not be called 
A, flexuosa. 

When reporting Amphiura flexuosa from Porto Rico, H. L. Clark indicated that 
the second spine of his example was bent; if we adhere strictly to the above-mentioned 
characters we may suppose that this was not Ljungman’s species. As the specimen 
comes from a considerable depth (162-171 fathoms), it is, perhaps, an A. palmeri. 

As regards the latter species, the examination which I was able to make of 
A. flexuosa confirms my opinion that the distinction laid down by Lyman between 
this species and A. palmeri is perfectly justified. ‘The information given by Lyman 
about A. palmeri is, unfortunately, too short; however, the shape of the spmes 
following the first ventral which offer a small, bent, terminal hook is of itself sufficient 
to separate the two species. One may see also by Lyman’s drawings that the mouth 
shields have a different shape. As to the shape of the external oral papilla, it does 
not seem to me to have been clearly indicated by Lyman; this writer, in fact, states 
that it can scarcely be called ‘‘spiniform,” while in his drawing he represents it as 
being quite clearly widened and squamiform. 

Owing to these facts and the want of a sufficient description, it is very difficult 
to form an accurate idea of what A. palmert may be. In 1907 (07 a, p. 279) I 
referred to this species some Amphiure which came from the expeditions of the 
Travailleur and the Talisman, in which the external oral papilla was very thick, 
conical, and erect, but not squamiform; the under face of the disk was bare, but 
the brachial spines generally amounted to more than six, and the second and 
third ones most generally carried at their ends two opposite hooks, which, besides, 
were often unequal, instead of the single one indicated by Lyman. I am 
inclined to consider these specimens as belonging to another species and to join 
them with the Amphiura which I describe below under the name of A. kinbergiensis. 
I shall deal with that question again when studying this latter species. 


AMPHIURA LATISPINA Ljungman. 
Plate 4, figs. 5-6. 


Amphiura latispina LruNeMan (66), p. 320. 
Amphiura latispina LruNeman (71), p. 648. 
This species is known only from a single specimen from the mouth ot the 
La Plata River. It is interesting from several{points of view, and among others, 
because it is very near A. kinbergi, which I believe I have found again in the 
collections of the Albatross. Unfortunately, the latter species, which was also 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49 


introduced by Ljungman, was never described by him and we know it only by the 
very short comparison which he made between the said species and A. latispina. 
These two species belong, together with A. fleruosa and A. semiermis, to the group 
which Ljungman had separated from the other Amphiuride under the name of 
Hemilepis, owing to the lack of plates on the under part of the disk. It seems 
useful to me to describe with some detail A. latispina, so as to possess the elements 
of a comparison with the species which I describe below under the name of A. kin- 
bergiensis. 

In Ljungman’s type the disk is about 7 mm. in diameter, measured between 
two nonconsecutive angles of the disk, and one of the arms is preserved to a length 
of nearly 40 mm. 

The disk is very strongly excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face 
is not uniformly and completely covered with scales, for there is in the middle of 
each interradial space one triangular region which remains bare. The plates appear 
first in the central region where they are imbricated, small and equal, and they 
continue in the direction of the radii, so as to surround each pair of radial shields 
with a certain number of rows; these plates grow larger and larger as they get nearer 
to the radial shields. As a rule, the interradial spaces are bare, as I have just 
stated, but in two of them I observe four or five little rounded plates which are 
transparent and not in contact. The appearance of the upper face of the disk of 
this Amphiura is consequently rather peculiar. The radial shields are pretty large, 
elongated, narrow, four or five times longer than wide, and wider distally than 
proximally; they join distally on one-third of their length, and, proximally, they 
go progressively apart from each other without, however, becoming very divergent. 
The very narrow interval which separates them is also quite bare. The length of 
these shields is almost equal to half the radius of the disk. 

The under face of the disk in the interradial spaces is bare; however, in one of 
these spaces I notice a few rounded plates, which are isolated, very thin, and identical 
with those which I have reported above in the interradial spaces of the upper face. 
The genital plates are narrow and elongated and the genital slits are quite apparent. 

The mouthpieces are disposed as in A. fleruosa, and the mouth shields, especially, 
have exactly the same shape as in that species. They are triangular, with a very 
conyex proximal side, concave lateral sides, and a truncated distal apex, which 
forms a small rounded edge; they are as long as wide or slightly longer than wide. 
The adoral plates are triangular, with more or less concave sides, and they are not 
contiguous on the interradial median line; but still they are more developed out- 
wardly than in A. fleruosa and come very near the median line, so that they compress 
the first under brachial plate rather strongly between them. The external oral 
papilla is strong, conical, and elongated, perhaps a little thicker and proportionately 
somewhat shorter than in A. flexuosa. 

The first upper brachial plates have also almost the same shape as in A. fleruosa. 
They are oval and rather small, owing to the overgrowth of the lateral plates; the 
lateral margins are very convex, and the proximal side, less convex, is often broken 
into two distinct edges joined by a very obtuse angle. They are a little wider than 
long and they all remain broadly in contact. 


50 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The first under brachial plate is very small and extremely narrow, chiefly in its 
distal part, where it is pressed between the external lobes of the adoral plates; 
proximally it becomes wider and ends in a very convex margin. The following 
plates are, as in A. flexuosa, almost quadrangular and wider proximally; the proximal 
side is also bent into three unequal sides, so that the plates finally display a hexag- 
onal shape. They are as wide as long or a little longer than wide; however, they 
are proportionately a little less elongated than in A. flexuosa. 

The lateral plates are little protruding, but they cover a rather important part 
of the upper face of the arms; they first carry six spines but this figure afterwards 
diminishes to five; these spines are subequal and more or less flattened. The first 
ventral spine, the length of which somewhat exceeds that of the article, is very 
much flattened with a rounded point. The second one is a little shorter and rather 
cylindrical; on the first articles the spine simply ends in a point, but from the 
seventh or eighth article upward it shows a hyaline terminal hook which rapidly 
takes on a very great development; this bent hook is analogous to the one which 
is known in A. complanata. However, the angle formed by the hook with the spine 
is less marked than in this latter species. Ljungman says nothing of the hook in 
his original description, but in the table of the species of Amphiuride, published 
by him in 1871, he indicates it as follows: ‘‘Spina brachialis ad infimam proxima 
falciformis in apice acuta.” The other spines are more flattened and they tend to 
assume a lanceolate shape; their width very slightly decreases down to the last 
one, which is short and very much widened. 

There are two tentacular scales, very small, rounded, and subequal; the proxi- 
mal scale inserted on the lateral plate is, however, a little larger than the other; it is 
disposed obliquely to the latter. These scales are scarcely visible, and they may even 
be completely absent on the first three or four brachial articles, but they always 
appear afterwards in a regular manner and I can not account for Ljungman’s 
saying that they are lacking. 

By the above description, it will be seen that A. latispina shows great analogies 
with A. fleruosa, but it differs clearly from it by the shape of the brachial spines 
and by the large bent hyaline hook which terminates the second ventral spine. As 
to the peculiar disposition of the upper plates of the disk, and the absence of these 
plates on the interradial spaces, which somewhat recall the genus Ophionephthys, it 
would be necessary to compare several specimens in order to know if this disposition 
be accidental in the only known specimen or if it does really characterize the species. 
The former hypothesis seems to me the most likely one. H. L. Clark pointed out 
in A. aerystata from California and Japan the same disposition of the plates in some 
specimens (11, p. 146, fig. 58 a), whereas in others (fig. 58 g) the plates cover the 
whole upper face of the disk. 


AMPHIURA RATHBUNI, new species. 
Plate 18, figs. 5 and 7. 
Amphiura flecuosa H. L. Chark (not Lyman) Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1801, p. 247. 
Fish Hawk station 6066. Jan. 20, 1899. Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico; 16 


to 17 fathoms; m. s.; temp. 23° C. One specimen. 
Type.—Cat. No. 21295, U.S.N.M. 


+ ee a 


——_ 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51 


The diameter of the disk is 7 mm.; the arms are broken off near the base. 

This Ophiura was labeled Amphiura flexuosa by H. L. Clark, but it is undoubt- 
edly incorrect; in fact, the individual differs from A. flexuosa which I have 
described above to such an extent that it is impossible to refer it to that species; 
besides, it comes nearer A. latispina, but also differs from it, and I consider it to 
represent a new species. 

The disk is pentagonal, excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face 
is covered with middle-size plates, which are fairly uniform and regular, imbri- 
cated, with no indication of primary plates. They only become a little smaller 
toward the outline in the middle of the interradial spaces. The radial shields are 
narrow and rather elongated, three or three-and-a-half times longer than wide, 
with a very pointed proximal angle; they are hardly divergent and separated on 
their whole length by a set of plates; their length is inferior to half the radius of 
the disk. The upper plates stop in a very sharp manner at the periphery of the 
disk, when they reach the edge of the under face; this face remains bare or provided 
only with a few very thin scales, which are insulated or united into small groups, 
but by no means form a regular covering.~ The genital slits are narrow. 

The mouth shields are fairly large, elongated, much longer than broad, and 
lozenge-shaped, with a truncated and rounded distal angle. The adoral plates 
are triangular, hardly in contact by their internal angle on the median line. The 
oral plates are short and thick. The external mouth papilla is erect, somewhat 
spiniform although short, and slightly flattened with a blunt point; the internal 
papilla is conical, rather thick, and of middling size. Another papilla, which is 
almost identical with the external one, but somewhat thicker at its basis, is found 
between the two preceding ones on a higher level. 

The arms are elongated and fairly thin. The upper brachial plates are very 
large, much broader than long and cover a great part of the upper face of the arms. 
The first two or three are quadrangular, with a narrow proximal edge, a very wide 
and strongly convex distal edge, and diverging sides. The following plates take 
the shape of a biconvex lens, with the two anterior and posterior edges united by 
rounded angles. 

The first under brachial plate is trapezoidal, almost as broad as long, with a 
narrow and slightly convex’ distal edge. The following ones are pentagonal, a little 
wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle and a distal edge 
which is slightly excavated in its middle. They are all contiguous. 

The lateral plates, little protruding, carry five spines each. The first ventral 
spine is conical with a blunt point, and its total length is equal or slightly superior 
to that of the article. The second spine, which is a little larger, first has the same 
shape as the preceding one, then, beyond the disk, its extremity gets elongated 
and developed into a hyaline hook, which is bent and strongly marked. The 
third spine, which is shorter than the second and as long as the first, also tends to 
form a hook at its end, but this hook is less developed and less bent than the fore- 
going one. The fourth spine is still shorter, and the fifth, which is but little 
developed, hardly reaches half the article; the last two spines are cylindrical and 
not very thick. 

There are two tentacular scales rather short, subequal and at a right angle. 


52 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Connections and differences.—A. rathbuni belongs to the group of Amphiura 
s. str. in which the under face of the disk is deprived of a regular covering of plates 
(Hemilepis) and which possesses two tentacular scales. The shape of the second 
ventral spine prevents its being mistaken for A. fleruosa, from which it also differs 
by its mouth shields being lozenge-shaped, and by its upper and under brachial 
plates being broader. The shape of the second spine recalls that of A. latispina, 
but in this latter species the last two dorsal spines are large, very much widened 
and flattened, while they are here slender and cylindrical; the mouth shields, as 
well as the upper and under brachial plates, are also differently shaped. 

A, rathbuni differs still more from the other species of the same group. 

It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this new species to Dr. Richard Rathbun. 


AMPHIURA KINBERGIENSIS, new species. 
Plate 4, figs. 3-4; plate 5, figs. 1-2. 


? Amphiura kinbergi LaunaMAN (71), p. 643. 
Amphiura palmerit K@uuer (07a), p. 279. 


Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 34 miles southeast by east of Fowey 
Rocks Light, Florida; 170 fathoms; sft. Four specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32292, U.S.N.M. 

I am almost certain that the Amphiura which I am going to describe is identical 
with the one named A. kinbergi by Ljungman in 1871, and which he says comes from 
the southern region of Brazil, without mentioning any depth. Unfortunately, 
Ljungman has given no description of that species; he only mentions it in the table 
of the species of Amphiuride of the Atlantic, and he classifies it, with A. latispina, 
among the Amphiure which have the under face of their disks bare, and which - 
possess two tentacular scales. Both species are characterized by him as having 
‘“spinae brachiales obtusae plus minus complanatae latiusculae,” and Ljungman says 
only of A. kinbergi: ‘‘Spinae brachiales ad infimam proxima recta, in apice truncata, 
aculeolis minutissimis lateralibus instructa (quasi securiformis),” the two sentences 
constituting all the description of A. kinbergi; the number of spines is not men- 
tioned, but it is certainly near that of A. latispina. 

Such is the only information we have concerning Amphiura kinbergi, which 
must not be mistaken for the Amphipholis kinbergi, which was also described by 
Ljungman, and which, by the way, ought to be united with A. squamata. I had 
asked Professor Théel to lend me Amphiura kinbergi of the Stockholm Museum, 
but what I received was the Amphipholis kinbergi. On my request, Professor Théel 
was so good as to renew his search among such of Ljungman’s species as are kept 
at the Stockholm Museum, but he could not find Amphiura kinbergi, which, 
according to what he wrote me, no longer exists in the museum. One may, 
therefore, consider the type of this species as lost. On the other hand, 
although the particulars given by Ljungman as regards the shape of the spines, 
the absence of plates on the under face of the disk, the presence of two tentacular 
scales, and the very close affinities with A. latispina allow to a certain extent some 
deductions to be made, it is obvious that, for want of a complete description, an 
actual comparison is now impossible, and one can not apply with certainty to an 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 


Amphiura the name of A. kinbergi. This term must therefore become a nomen 
nudum. However, in order to recall its very great likeness to A. kinbergi, which 
is beyond dispute, I propose that the name of A. kinbergiensis should be given to 
the species which is here described. 

The diameter of the disk ranges from 4.5 to 5 mm.; the arms are very long, 
exceeding 70 mm. 

The specimens are not in a very good state of preservation; every one of them 
has several of its arms broken and the disks also are somewhat deformed; however, 
the examples have quite discernible characters, and they may perfectly well be 
described and even photographed. 

The disk is pentagonal, more or less excavated in the interradial spaces. The 
upper face is covered with small, unequal, imbricated plates which are smaller in the 
central region as well as in the interradial spaces and on the margin of the disk 
and which become larger near the radial shields; there is not the slightest indication 
of primary plates. The radial shields are elongated and triangular and their shape 
is slightly variable; sometimes they are a little more elongated, sometimes, on the 
contrary, they are a little widened. They display a straight and narrow radial 
side, a very convex interradial side, and they are about three times longer than wide. 
They are distally contiguous and separated on their whole length by more or less 
wide spaces, occupied by several rows of plates. 

The under face is absolutely bare and its color is always dark. The genital 
slits are fairly wide. 

The mouth shields, middle-sized, are always longer than wide. They are oval or 
lozenge-shaped, with a rather open and rounded proximal angle, limited by two 
convex sides; the two posterior sides are about equal in length to the foregoing 
ones and they meet in a very obtuse angle which is sometimes truncated so as to 
form a little rounded distal side; the very obtuse lateral angles are more or less 
rounded, and consequently the shields are now oval, now lozenge-shaped. The 
rather large adoral plates are triangular; the proximal side and the interradial 
side are more or less excavated, the third side is smaller and straight. These plates 
lie near together and generally contiguous on the interradial median line at a very 
much rounded angle; they become wider outwardly and may even supply a narrow 
blade which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The 
oral plates are fairly elongated. The external oral papilla is strong, thick, conical, 
and erect, with a more or less blunt point: the internal papilla is wide and thick; 
an intermediate papilla is located on a somewhat higher level; it is thin, conical, 
and pointed. 

The upper brachial plates are not very large; they are, however, wider than 
long and rather oval-shaped, with a very convex distal side and plainly rounded 
lateral sides; they are all in contact. 

The first under brachial plate is middle-sized, trapezoidal, and somewhat 
wider than long, with a wide and convex proximal side, and a narrower distal side 
toward which converge the lateral sides, which are slightly excavated by the adoral 
plates. The next plates have a general pentagonal shape, with a very obtuse 
proximal angle which is truncated, rounded, and more or less indistinct; the 


54 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


lateral sides, which are almost straight, meet at rounded angles. They are about 
as long as wide. 

The lateral plates, fairly protruding, bear seven and sometimes even eight 
spines at the base of the arms. The first under spine is strong, thick, and conical 
with a blunt point; it is at least as long as the article and sometimes even a little 
longer, and then the length of the spines decreases by degrees down to the last 
dorsal one. From the first ventral spine upward, all are flattened, especially from 
the third or fourth one upward, and the last ones take a somewhat lanceolate shape. 
The spines are located chiefly on the upper part of the arms, and when looking 
at the animal from the upper face, one perceives at least four spines on each side; 
an arrangement which accounts for the upper brachial plates being comparatively 
narrow. The surface of the first ventral spine is rough and the rugosities become 
coarser near the point, which is rounded. The second spine always has a truncated 
end; it displays all along its edges very small denticulations which are more developed 
at the end where they form a fairly regular little row; the last denticulation, which 
occupies the distal angle, is more developed than the others and constitutes a little 
transverse, hyaline hook, which is triangular, but always very short. Sometimes, 
a like formation, which always remains less important, appears at the proximal 
angle, so that the spine has a tendency to become bihamuled; it will also be seen 
that the small lateral denticulations of the spine are often more developed on the 
distal side than on the proximal side. The next two spines, that is to say, the 
third and fourth ones, display a structure similar to the second one, but the distal 
hook alone is developed and the lateral denticulations do not appear except on the 
distal side of the spine. Finally, the other spines simply remain rough at their 
end, which is rounded. 

The tentacular scales, two in number, are at a right angle and middle-sized; 
the external scale is rounded and it is a little larger than the internal one, which is 
elongated and less wide. 

By comparing, as I have been able to do, the four specimens gathered by 
the Fish Hawk with those of the Travailleur and the Talisman, to which I had given 
in 1907 the name of A. palmeri, I have been convinced that the latter belong 
certainly to the same species as the former and that they also ought to be called 
A. kinbergiensis. In fact, the under face of the disk is completely bare, and the 
other characters offer a striking likeness to those I have just pointed out in A. kin- 
bergiensis. I reproduce here two photographs of one of these examples, which 
will sufficiently illustrate that likeness (pl. 4, fig. 4, and pl. 5, fig. 2). The only 
difference I can note regards the radial shields which are comparatively a little 
shorter in the examples of the Talisman, but we have seen that the shape of these 
shields varies in the American examples; the lateral teeth of the spine appear chiefly 
near the end. These specimens of the Talisman were dredged at a depth of 290 
fathoms. 

Connections and differences.—A. kinbergiensis is extremely near A. latispina 
Ljungman, from which it differs chiefly by the presence, on the lateral spines, of 
denticulations which develop principally at the end of the spines and which replace 
the large bent hook which terminates the second ventral spine of A. latispina. 
The under brachial plates are more elongated in the latter, the shape of the mouth 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 


shields and perhaps also the arrangement of the upper plates of the disk, separate 
A. latispina from A. kinbergiensis. 

A. kinbergiensis is also near A. flecuosa Ljungman, but the latter has brachial 
spines which are fewer and pointed, and the mouth shields have a very different 
shape; there can be no confusion of the two species. 

What differences can be pointed out between A. kinbergiensis and A. palmeri? 
The two species are certainly very much alike, and their affinities are so great that I 
confused them in 1907, which confusion was not without excuse, owing to the very 
vague information we possess regarding the characters of A. palmeri and to the 
absence of specimens making a comparison possible. Now that I have studied the 
type of A. fleruosa, a species so near A. palmeri that Lyman at first confused these 
two forms, and have been able to compare A. kinbergiensis with <A. latispina, the 
characters of the former appear much clearer to me; unfortunately, these com- 
parisons are incomplete, since I have been unable to study the type of A. palmeri, 
which I know only by the drawings and by a few remarks of Lyman. But it seems 
to me impossible to unite with an Amphiura having seven and sometimes eight 
brachial spines, a form with five spines only, these figures occurring on such specimens 
as have about the same size; and Lyman had some examples of A. palmeri in 
which the diameter of the disk reached even 6.5 mm. Moreover, the under face of 
A. palmeri offers some rudimental plates which are completely lacking in A. kin- 
bergiensis; lastly, the shape of the second and third brachial spines of my species is 
not at all as described and figured by Lyman in A. palmeri. As regards the 
external oral papilla, its shape is very different in the two species, if we follow the 
scheme which Lyman published in 1875 (75, pl. 5, fig. 68); the indications of the 
text are much less precise, since the writer states only that this papilla can scarcely 
be called ‘‘spiniform,” as I stated in 1907. Under these conditions, I thought it 
necessary to separate the two species. 


AMPHIURA PALMERI Lyman. 
Plate 18, figs. i and 3. 


Albatross, 1884. Key West, Florida. Two specimens. 

I was very glad to find among the lot of Ophiure which were sent to me in 
1913, one bottle labeled Amphiura palmeri, which was determined by Lyman. 
These two samples are quite in conformity with this author’s descriptions, and by 
studying them I have been able to solve a few questions which still remained 
doubtful and to which I have called attention above, such as, among other things, 
the characters of the under face of the disk, the shape of the external mouth papilla, 
and the brachial spines. 

In the best preserved individual, the photograph of which is reproduced on 
plate 18, figures 1 and 3, the diameter of the disk is 5 mm. and the length of the 
arms exceeds 40 mm. As may be seen on the photograph, the under face of the 
disk is beset all over with plates which form a perfectly uninterrupted covering, 
succeeding without any lack of continuity the plates of the upper face. The 
under plates are smaller than the latter, but they are nevertheless very easy to 
distinguish. 

6061°—Bull. 84—14——5 


56 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


As for the external mouth papilla, it is flattened, a little elongated, and erect; 
it is somewhat narrower at its basis than at its end, which forms a rounded edge. 
Thus are explained the contradictions apparently existing between Lyman’s 
descriptions and his drawings. 

Lastly, the brachial spines amount to six on the first article and five afterwards. 
The two spines which succeed the first ventral one terminate each in a little hyaline 
point, which is conical and sharp, is at a right angle with the spine, and directed 
toward the end of the arm; the fourth spine still shows a like arrangement, but 
often less strongly marked. The spines are consequently not bihamuled, the 
terminal hook being developed on one side only; on the other side the spines show 
only a few rugosities. Under the terminal hook there may also be observed one 
or two small denticulations, but these are very weak. The last dorsal spine may 
show also a little terminal point, which is not so strong as on the preceding spine 
and is sometimes directed in the axis of the spine and sometimes forms a certain 
angle with it. The first ventral spine is cylindrical; the others are more or less 
flattened; chiefly so is the last dorsal one. 

The mouth shields show a form slightly different from that figured by Lyman 
in 1875. In the scheme published by him (%5, pl. 5, fig. 68) he ascribes to these 
shields an almost circular periphery, while on fig. 35, plate 3, the shield is oval. 
This latter form is nearer to the one I observe on the two specimens which I have 
in hand, the mouth shields of which are longer than wide and a little narrower in 
their distal half, which terminates in a little truncated edge. That form recalls the 
one I have observed and noted above in A. kinbergiensis. : 

Tn the same bottle there was also a very small individual, the disk of which is 
only 2.5 mm. in diameter; the arms are all broken at their beginning. I mention 
this specimen because its primary plates are still visible on the upper face and the 
plates of the under face are even more distinct than on the two larger specimens, 
although of no greater size. Moreover, the mouth shields have an almost regular 
oval shape and their form very much recalls that which Lyman represented in 1875 
(pl. 3, fig. 35). 

The characters of A. palmeri are thus now defined and this species must take 
place in the section of Amphiura s. str., in which the under face of the disk is 
provided with a regular and uninterrupted covering of plates. 


AMPHIURA FIBULATA, new species. 
Plate 7, figs. 3-5. 


Fish Hawk station 7295. Feb. 24,1902. Gulf of Mexico. Lat. 24° 38’ 40’ N.; 
long. 81° 56’ 26’’ W.; 5} fathoms; co.; temp. 19.5° C. A single specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32293, U.S.N.M. 

The disk is 8 mm. in diameter; the arms are incomplete, but some of them are 
preserved to a length of 70 to 75 mm.; and they must have been much longer. 

The disk is rounded. The upper face is covered with imbricated plates, rather 
uniform, somewhat smaller, however, in the central region and in the middle of the 
interradial spaces; they become a little larger near the radial shields; on the con- 
trary, near the margin of the disk and in the interradial spaces they rapidly become 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57 


smaller. There is not the slightest indication of primary plates. The radial shields 
are large, rather elongated, three times longer than wide, preserving about the same 
width in their whole length, and their distal and proximal ends are rounded. The 
shields of the same pair are not much divergent; distally they are close to each other 
or in contact, and they are separated proximally at first by one or two successive 
elongated plates and then by some smaller plates. 

The under face of the disk is covered with small, rounded plates, rather loosely 
put together, and transparent, under which may be seen the underlying tissues 
which are of a dark color. These plates do not form a very hard covering and they 
differ from the upper plates, with which they have no continuity at the margin of 
the disk; but still, they completely cover the under face and extend up to the 
mouth shields. 

The mouth shields are rather large, notably longer than wide, their shapes 
being almost lanceolate, but their proximal angle is strongly obtuse and rounded 
and even sometimes semicircular; the lateral angles also are very much rounded 
and are succeeded by two slightly excavated and convergent lateral edges, which 
meet at angles which are also rounded, and a small distal side, transverse and almost 
straight. The adoral plates are somewhat small, triangular, with the three sides 
concave; the oral margin especially is excavated by the tentacular oral pore which 
is very large; these plates are hardly contiguous on the median interradial line by 
their internal ends which are rounded. The middle-sized oral plates are higher 
than wide; they are terminated by a large, rounded, and obtuse papilla. The 
external oral papilla located at the meeting point of thé oral and adoral plates is little 
developed, conical, with a rounded end, and is obliquely erect. On a higher level is 
seen, as usual, a small papilla equal in size to the foregoing, but thinner and more 
pointed. 

The upper brachial plates are small, almost circular at the base of the arms, 
with a proximal edge slightly excavated. They afterwards become oval in shape, 
transversely, and a little wider than long, with the distal side more convex than the 
proximal one. They are all in contact. On the upper median line extends a very 
light yellowish stripe, which can hardly be distinguished on the specimen in alcohol. 

The first under brachial plate is small, narrowed in its distal part, which is 
compressed between the ends of the adjacent adoral plates and widened proximally. 
The other plates remain rather small. The second one is quadrangular, somewhat 
longer than wide, with its proximal margin widened and slightly notched, while the 
distal edge is smaller and rounded. The succeeding plates are quadrangular, with 
straight edges and rounded corners; they are hardly longer than wide and are all in 
contact. 

The side plates, little protruding, extend fairly over the upper face of the arms. 
Each of them carries seven spines, the length of which slightly decreases from the 
first ventral one, which is equal to the article, down to the last dorsal. The first is 
cylindrical, rather thick, and has a very rough surface; its rounded end bears very 
fine denticulations which are more or less conspicuous. The other spines are 
flattened and their surfaces are always very rough. The second ventral spine is 
generally bihamuled; however, the two hooks which are at its extremity, and one 


58 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


of which prolongs the other, are very often unequal, the distal hook being more 
strongly marked; under these hooks the roughness of the surface of the spine often 
grows into minute teeth, which are very distinct, there being one or two on each 
side. The third spine and also the following one present about the same shape; 
however there is a decreasing tendency in the size of the terminal hooks. The two 
succeeding spines still offer at their ends two or three small denticulations, but these 
are very fine and do not incurye sideways. The last dorsal spine, smaller than the 
others, is almost cylindrical, and its rounded end may still show a very fine spinule. 

The tentacular pores are very short, and the ambulacral tubes are large. As a 
general rule, there is but one tentacular scale; it is very small, flattened, slightly 
elongated, and rounded at its end, which is rough; it issues from the lateral plate. 
On the first pores a second scale is often found, smaller, rounded, issuing from the 
under plate. This second scale is always lacking on the first brachial pore, and is 
not even constantly present on the succeeding pores. In the following table I give 
the number of tentacular scales which I observed on the first articles of each arm 
on each side: 




















AGENT Second | Third | Fourth Fifth Sixth 

‘ c: article. | article. | article. | article. | article. 
2-1 1-2 2-2 2-1 1-1 
2-1 2-2 2-1 1-1 1-1 
1-1 1-2 1-2 1-1 1-1 
1-1 2-2 2-1 1-1 1-2 
1-1 2-2 1-2 2-2 1-1 





| | 

Connections and differences.—A. fibulata belongs to the section of the Amphiurze 
s. str., and must be classified under such Amphiure as have tentacular pores offering 
but a single scale; but it is distinct from all the species of the same group by the 
size of the tentacular pores, which contrasts with the reduction of the tentacular 
scale; by a second scale occasionally existing on the pores included between the 
second and the sixth pair; by the smallest of the upper and under brachial plates; 
by the second, third, and fourth brachial spines which are often bihamuled or 
which offer at least at their ends a little transverse hook; and, lastly, by the slight 
development of the external oral papilla. 

There is no possibility of A. fibulata having any affinity either with A. flexuosa 
Ljungman, owing to the presence of plates on the under face of the disk and to the 
shape of the brachial spines; or with A. palmeri Lyman, the spines of which are 
not bihamuled; moreover, the mouth shields and the external oral papilla of the 
latter are of a different shape. 

Owing to the presence of two tentacular scales on the first pores, although 
their presence be occasional, one might perhaps look for some affinity of A. fibulata 
with such species as have the under face of the disk covered with scales and which 
possess two tentacular scales on a more or less extended part of the length of the 
arms. Under such conditions, the species to which A. jibulata would be more 
closely allied is A. bihamula H. L. Clark, owing to the nature of the spines, but it 
differs from the latter species through the plates of the under face of the disk not 
being closely joined, but on the contrary remaining wider and looser than on the 
upper face; it also differs from it through the radial shields being shorter and wider, 





aa sontY 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59 


through the upper brachial plates being narrower, and, lastly, through the slight 
development of the tentacular scale, which is always single beyond the first five or 
six brachial articles, while it remains double, in A. bihamula, on two-thirds of the 
length of the arms. 

I have described recently, under the name of A. kiikenthali (18, p. 386), an 
Amphiura, the under face of the disk of which is covered with fine and regular 
scaling, extending uninterruptedly until it joins the upper plates, an arrangement 
very different from the one observed in A. fibulata. In this new species, the brachial 
spines, which come after the first ventral one, bear at their ends a well-developed 
distal hook, and sometimes also a little proximal hook, which give to some of the 
specimens a bihamuled appearance, though never so clear as that of A. fibulata or 
of A. bihamula; besides, the two tentacular scales are most regularly continued on 
the longest part of the arms. In short, the two species are altogether different 
from each other. 

I have found in the collections of the United States National Museum a small 
A. kiikenthali, which I mention below. 


AMPHIURA KUKENTHALI Keebler. 
Amphiura kiikenthali Kauurr (18), p. 396, pl. 20, figs. 1-4. 


Key West, Florida. One specimen. 

The specimen is of very small size and the diameter of the disk does not exceed 
4.5 mm., but it entirely agrees with the larger specimens from the West Indies, 
from which I have just described the species. It was associated with other Ophi- 
urans: Amphiura abdita, Amphiura stimpsoni, Ophionereis reticulata, and Ophio- 


stigma isacanthum. 
AMPHIVRA COMPLANATA Ljungman. 


Plate 5, figs. 3-6. 


Amphiura complanata LruNGMAN (66), p. 319. 
Amphiura complanata LrunGMAN (71), p. 642. 

Albatross station 2762. December 30, 1887. Lat. 23° 08’ S.; long. 41° 34’ WES 
59 fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 57.1° F. Several specimens. 

A very short description of this species, which, however, is sufficient to recognize 
it, has been published by Ljungman. I wanted, nevertheless, to compare my 
specimens with the type which is preserved in the Stockholm Museum, and which 
has been most obligingly communicated to me by Professor Théel. Ljungman’s 
description being very short, I think it useful to describe the species with a few 
more details from the specimens gathered by the Albatross. 

The diameter of the disk generally varies from 7 to 8 mm., and it can reach 
10 and 11mm. In some examples, the disk of which is 10 mm. wide, the length of 
the arms is from 75 to 80 mm. 

The disk is flattened, rather thick, strongly excavated in the interradial spaces, 
and it also shows some sharp notches above the insertion of the arms. The upper 
face is covered with numerous, small, unequal, and imbricated plates which are 
smaller at the center and toward the margin in the interradial spaces, and, on the 
contrary, larger near the radial shields. On the samples of small or middling size, 
may be seen a rosette of six primary plates; the centro-dorsal one is rounded and 


60 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


separated by several rows of small plates from the primary radial ones, which are 
smaller than the former. The plates grow larger toward the radial shields, as 
well without as within these shields, and they separate the two shields of each 
pair by several rows. The radial shields are elongated, with a straight radial side 
and a convex interradial side; they offer a narrow distal side and a rather sharp 
proximal angle. Their length is inferior to half the radius of the disk and they are 
about three times longer than wide. These shields are hardly contiguous distally 
and they afterwards separate divergently; it even happens sometimes, with the 
largest specimens, that the shields remain distally separated by a narrow interval. 

The very minute plates of the margin of the disk extend uninterruptedly over 
to the under face, where they remain small, very thick, and strongly imbricated; 
they are, even, sometimes more or less erect. The genital slits are fairly wide. 

The mouth shields are elongated, longer than wide. They are often lozenge- 
shaped, with a truncated distal angle, and the widest part is more distant from the 
proximal angle than from the distal side. It may also happen that the shields 
offer a chief triangular part, almost as long as wide, and that the distal edge then 
presents in its middle a more or less protruding rounded lobe. The adoral plates 
are triangular, very thin inwardly, and hardly contiguous on the interradial median 
line; they are very strongly widened outwardly with more or less concave sides. 
The oral plates are small. The external oral papilla is conical, spiniform, with an 
obtuse end which is obliquely erect; the internal papilla is thick, conical, and has 
its end more or less truncated. A third intermediary papilla, which is thinner 
than the preceding ones, conical and pointed, is seen on a slightly higher level. 

The upper brachial plates are large, much wider than long, with a rounded 
proximal side, a wide and very convex distal side which is slightly protruding 
in its middle; the lateral sides are narrow. The proximal and lateral edges often 
are not very distinct from each other; the plate then takes an almost biconvex 
shape with a rounded distal side showing in its middle a more protruding part. 

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, with a rounded and narrow 
distal side, a widened proximal side, and divergent lateral sides. The succeeding 
ones are pentagonal, rather small, with a very small proximal angle, slightly exca- 
vated lateral sides and a straight or slightly excavated distal side. These plates are 
a little wider than long; they are all contiguous. 

The lateral plates bear each six and even seven spines at the basis of the arms. 
The first ventral spine is cylindrical, swollen at its basis, with a rounded end which 
slightly exceeds the article. The length of the other spines rapidly decreases 
down to the last dorsal. The second spine, at least as much developed as the first, 
begins, at a small distance from the disk, to show at its end a bent and hyaline hook 
which becomes very strong and joins the spine by a rather well-marked but broadly 
rounded angle. The other spines are cylindrical with rounded ends, except the 
last dorsal one, which is rather strongly flattened. The very peculiar character of 
the second ventral spine was not pointed out by Ljungman in his first description, 
but in the table of Amphiuridx, which he published in 1871, he says, ‘‘proxima ad 
infimam geniculata.” 

The tentacular scales, mounting to two, are small, subequal, and lying at a 
right angle to each other. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 


Ljungman’s type was gathered by Kinberg, at lat. 22° 30’ S. and long. 40° 
55’ W.; as there is no indication of the depth, the example most likely came from a 
littoral station; we see that this station is very near the one where the Albatross 
found the species. I do not think that A. complanata has been met with elsewhere 
since the time when Ljungman described it. 

AMPHIURA OTTERI Ljungman. 
Plate 8, figs. 5-9. 
Amphiura otteri LruNaMAN (71), p. 631. 
Amphiura otteri Lyman (78), p. 32. 
Amphiura otteri Lyman (82), p. 128. 
Amphiura otteri LyMAN (88), p. 252. 
Amphiura otteri VERRILL (85), p. 548. 
Amphiura otteri K@Hier (07), p. 302. 

Albatross station 2003. Off Cape Hatteras; 641 fathoms. Three small speci- 
mens the diameter of the disks of which ranges between 6 and 7 mm.; the arms 
are about 50 to 60 mm. long, but they are generally incomplete; the disks are, 
however, in good condition. 

Albatross station 2838. May 5,1888. Off Lower California, lat. 28°12’00’’N., 
long. 115° 09’ 00’ W.; 44 fathoms; gn. m. Two specimens. In one of them 
the disk is 12 mm. in diameter and the arms are broken off near the basis. The 
second sample is in a better state, the diameter of the disk is 10 mm., the arms are 
preserved to about 90 mm.; besides, there are in the jar some arm pieces which 
are 170 mm. long. 

Fish Hawk station 898. Off mouth of Chesapeake Bay; 300 fathoms; mud; 
temp. 44° F. Two specimens. The diameter of the more or less damaged disks 
ranges between 9 and 10 mm.; and the arms are preserved to lengths varying between 
15 and 50 mm. 

Speedwell station 186. August 31,1878. Eastern point of Gloucester Harbor; 
about 110 fathoms; muddy. One dry specimen from which the upper face has been 
taken away; the arms are broken about 20 mm. from their basis. 

If we look over the bibliography of A. otteri we will ascertain that we do not 
possess very complete information concerning this species. Ljungman’s description 
is, as usual, rather concise and very short; Verrill added some remarks in 1885. 
Lyman, who had several specimens of this same species at his disposal and who was 
able to compare it with Ljungman’s type, added nothing to our knowledge. In his 
synoptical table of Amphiure published in the Reports of the Challenger (82, p. 123) 
this author classifies A. ofteri among the species of Amphiure, s. str., in which 
both faces of the disk are covered with plates and which at the same time possess 
two tentacular scales and elongated arms; he characterizes it by the presence of 
six spines, the most inferior of which is the longest, and one of which is bent. I 
should like to have given in 1907 more complete information about this species 
when reviewing the ophiurans of the Paris Museum, which owns a specimen of A. 
ottert from the dredgings of the Blake, but owing to the poor state of the under 
face, which had been damaged by foreign bodies, I was unable to completely recog- 
nize the characters of this specimen, and could do no more than represent its upper 
face. (07, pl. 11, fig. 19.) 


62 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


The material which is now in my possession has enabled me to make a more 
detailed study of A. otteri, and I am able to add a few complementary facts to the 
characters already known for this species. J am satisfied that my determinations 
are correct, for I have been able to compare the specimens of the United States 
National Museum with the two types of Ljungman, which were most kindly com- 
municated to me by Professor Théel. 

The characters of the upper face of the disk are sufficiently well known. I have 
given a drawing of that face, which, no doubt, is schematic, and I reproduce here 
photographs of one of Ljungman’s types, neither of which is, unfortunately, in 
a perfect state of preservation (pl. 8, figs. 5 and 6). The radial shields of this are 
elongated and fairly thin, but in the large specimens of the Albatross, as in those 
from station 2838, they are much wider. The under face is covered in the inter- 
radial spaces with plates which, in the larger specimens, are extremely thick and 
strongly imbricated, so much so that they are more or less obliquely erect. 

In Ljungman’s type, a photograph of which I give on plate 8, fig. 6, the 
mouth shields are noticeable through the presence, on the middle of their distal side, 
of a very well-shaped, wide, and rounded lobe, which strongly protrudes in the 
interradial space. Ljungman had simply said about it: “scuta oralia quadrangula 
marginibus adoralibus convexis marginibusque aboralibus excavatis.” In short, 
these shields are a little longer than wide and their chief triangular part is followed 
by a wide and protruding distal lobe. I do not find exactly that shape in the 
specimens which were sent to me by the National Museum, or, at least, I find 
some variations which I think should be noted. In the best preserved specimen, 
from station 898 (Chesapeake Bay) and which I have represented in plate 8, fig. 7, 
there is also a very large distal lobe, and therefore the shields are a little longer than 
wide, almost lozenge-shaped, with a rather obtuse proximal angle and a strongly 
rounded distal angle. In the other specimens the distal lobe is confused with 
the rest of the shield; the latter consequently shows an ovoid form and is longi- 
tudinally elongated, with rounded proximal and distal angles; sometimes the latter 
angle is somewhat truncated so as to form a little distal edge. However, on the 
smaller specimen from station 2838 (diameter of the disk, 10 mm.), the mouth shields 
again display a chief portion which is triangular and a distal lobe which is wide and 
distinct. The shape of the mouth shields observed on Ljungman’s type does not 
seem to me to be maintained in a very constant manner, and the distal part may be 
more or less confused with the rest of the shield, instead of forming a distinct lobe. 

The shape of the external oral papilla has been correctly indicated by the 
authors and it is always found with the same characters: strong, conical, elongated, 
and obliquely erect. 

The arms are extremely long and rather flattened. The upper brachial plates 
are very large and triangular. On Ljungman’s type they display a very obtuse 
proximal angle and a strongly convex, sinuous distal side, which forms in its middle 
a rounded and more or less conspicuous swelling (pl. 8, fig. 9). It is perhaps not 
quite accurate to say that these plates are ‘late quadrangula angulis rotundatis 
marginibus aboralibus excavatis, adoralibus convexis.” A rather neighboring shape 
is observed on the two specimens from station 898, but the distal edge is simply 
convex without the little median swelling, the proximal angle is strongly obtuse, 


| canis ee 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 


and one may distinguish very short lateral sides. These sides become more con- 
spicuous on the larger specimen from station 2838, while the proximal angle opening 
up to 180° is replaced by a distinct side; the lateral margins are divergent and the 
distal side, very wide and rounded, is sometimes simply convex, sometimes provided 
with a little median lobe. In a general way, the upper brachial plates are small 
and narrow at the beginning of the arms, and then they progressively become wider 
and wider. 

The shape of the under brachial plates has been correctly indicated by Ljung- 
man; they are pentagonal, with a truncated proximal angle, and they are somewhat 
longer than wide (pl. 8, fig. 8). I find again the same shape on all my specimens, 
but on the smaller example from station 2838 I notice that the proximal angle is 
more truncated and forms a little proximal side, whereas, on the larger sample from 
the same station, this angle becomes so much truncated that there is a distinct 
proximal side, and the plates then take a rectangular shape, which they preserve 
on the whole length of the arms. 

Ljungman states that the spines amount to six or seven at the basis of the arms, 
and Verrill says that this number may amount to eight on the largest specimens. 
In most cases I have observed seven. The first spine is conical, thick at the basis, 
with a rounded point, and its length exceeds that of the article. The second one is 
almost as long, and afterwards the length decreases with the following ones down to 
the last dorsal, which is smaller than the article; the last dorsal spines are also 
somewhat flattened. The second ventral spine is very slightly incurved, and it 
most often carries at its end a few exceedingly fine spinules. Generally one of 
these spinules, located at the distal angle of the spine end, is more developed than 
the others, and then it constitutes a very small lateral hook, which, however, always 
remains very short; a like structure may also be observed on the two following 
spines. This hook is more or less apparent according to the specimens. I observe 
it chiefly on the two specimens from station 898 and on the three specimens from 
station 2003. 

A. otteri has been reported by Ljungman off the Portuguese coasts (lat. 38° 7’ 
N.; long. 9° 18’ W.; 550 fathoms). The Blake has found it again in the Caribbean 
Sea between 175 and 576 fathoms; the Challenger has dredged it between 900 and 
1,250 fathoms, and, according to Verrill, this species reaches, at Marthas Vineyard, 
as far down as 1,608 fathoms. 


AMPHIURA GRANDISQUAMA Lyman. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 177. 
Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 85° 30’ 44’” N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 
440 fathoms; co. ers. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. -One specimen. 
Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35’ N.; long. 77° 30’ W.; 
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Nine specimens. 
Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens. 
Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34’ N.; long. 61° 03’ W.; 
281 fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen. 


64 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


AMPHIURA STIMPSONI Liitken. 

Plate 7, figs. 1-2. 

Amphiura stimpsoni LivKEN (59), p. 116. 

Amphiura stimpsoni LiuNGMAN (66), p. 320. 

Amphiura stimpsoni LruNGMAN (71), pp. 631-634. 

Amphiura stimpsoni LyMAn (75), p. 4, pl. 5, fig. 66. 

Amphiura stimpsoni LyMAN (82), pp. 124-143. 

Amphiura stimpsoni Lyman (88), p. 252. 

Amphiura stimpsoni MARKTANNER (87), p. 299. 

Amphiura stimpsoni H. L, Cuarx (01), p. 247. 

Key West. Six specimens. 

In one of these specimens the diameter of the disk is about 4 mm.; the others 
are smaller, the diameter of their disks being comprised between 3.5 and 2 mm. 

T have been able to compare with these two specimens the two examples in the 
Copenhagen Museum which were used as types by Liitken and which were most 
kindly communicated to me by Doctor Mortensen; I have ascertained their agree- 
ment, excepting very slight differences in the shape of the mouth shields. In 
Liitken’s two specimens, the mouth shields are almost triangular, as long as wide, 
with a fairly sharp proximal angle and a very convex distal side. In my own 
specimens, I sometimes observe the same shape, but most often the proximal angle 
is obtuse and rounded, as is the case with the sample photographically reproduced 
in pl. 7. These shields always remain as long as wide, or sometimes they are very 
slightly wider than long. The brachial spmes amounting to five, are rough, as 
stated by Liitken, and I find that the small rugosities have even a tendency to 
develop a little at the end of the spines, and more so on the second ventral one. 

Among the authors who, after Liitken, have given some indications regarding 
A, stimpsoni, I can quote only Lyman and Marktanner, but the information given 
by these two writers is not in accordance with Liitken’s description. Lyman 
published (in 1875) a scheme of the under face on which the mouth shields are repre- 
sented with a very elongated oval shape; moreover, Marktanner writes that the 
two dorsal spines have a little aboral hook and that the mouth shields are cordiform, 
a little longer than wide. Now, these characters, it is evident, do not agree with 
those observed by me, not only on my own specimens, but on Liitken’s two examples, 
and, in particular, the shape of the mouth shields as represented by Lyman, is 
altogether incorrect; I am in doubt whether the two above-named writers dealt 
with the same species. 

Liitken suggested that A. stimpsoni was a younger form; this is quite possible, 
but I do not see to which of the known Amphiurez of the West Indies it might 
correspond. I have compared my examples with very young A. ktikenthali, gathered 
at St. Thomas by Messrs. Kiikenthal and Hartmeyer, and I find that the latter 
possess two tentacular scales, wider upper brachial plates, stronger mouth shields, 
and their second ventral spine at least already bears its characteristic hook; 
moreover, the mouth shields have a different shape, for they are elongated and 
pyriform. Evidently A. stimpsoni does not represent a younger form of A. 
kiikenthali. 

One might also compare A. stimpsoni with the Amphwura which I have described 
above under the name of A. fibulata, taking as a basis the fact that the latter has 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65 


two tentacular scales only on a few of its first brachial articles, but the scales dis- 
played on the under face of the disk of A. fibulata are ill-shaped and different 
from those of the upper face, its spines are plainly bihamuled and the mouth shields 
are elongated; there is not the slightest connection between the two species. 

A. stimpsoni has been reported by Liitken and by Ljungman at various littoral 
stations of the West Indies. H.L. Clark has noted it at Porto Rico, and, according 
to Lyman, the Blake collected it at Barbados at a depth of 69 fathoms. 

AMPHIURA MAGELLANICA Lyman. 

See for bibliography: 

Keehler (08), p. 79. 


Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 1888. Lat. 48° 37’S.; long. 65° 46’ W.; 58 
fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. 

Four specimens with fragments of the arms. All of them are of rather small 
size, and, in the largest of them, the diameter of the disk is 5 mm. 


AMPHIURA DIDUCTA, new species. 
Plate 7, figs. 6-7. 


Albatross 1885, off Havana. No depth mentioned. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32294, U.S.N.M. 

The disk is a little over 5 mm. in diameter; the arms are all incomplete; the 
largest is preserved up to a length of 17 mm. 

The disk is pentagonal and pretty deeply excavated in the interradial spaces. 
The upper face is depressed centrally as well as in the middle of the interradial 
spaces. It is covered with small imbricated plates, subequal, and growing a little 
larger only in the vicinity of the radial shields; there is not the slightest indication of 
primary plates. The radial shields are well developed and elongated, three and a 
half times longer than wide, with an almost straight internal side and a convex 
external side; they are in contact distally at their distal angles and a little divergent 
proximally. The two shields of each pair are separated by a chief range of elongated 
plates which are succeeded by two other ranges of narrower plates. Their length is 
equal to about half the radius of the disk. 

The under face is completely bare. The genital slits are fairly wide. 

The mouth shields, of middle size, are lozenge-shaped, as long as wide or a little 
longer than wide, with a fairly opened proximal angle limited by two straight sides, 
two lateral sides and a distal margin which is rounded or a little truncated. The 
adoral plates are triangular, broadly widened without, narrowed, and in contact 
within. The oral plates are small and short. The two oral papille on each side 
have almost the same shape; the external one, thick, short, and conical, obliquely 
erect; the internal one, a little more obtuse. Between these two papille there is on 
a higher level another papilla which is thinner, conical, and pointed. 

The upper brachial plates are small and narrow, somewhat longer than wide 
at the basis of the arms, with a narrow proximal margin, a strongly convex distal 
margin, and lateral borders, divergent and rounded. These plates afterwards 
become almost as long as wide; they are all in contact. 

The first under brachial plate is very small, strongly narrowed in its distal 
region between the extremities of the adjacent adoral plates which lie very close 


66 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


together, and it becomes a little wider proximally. The succeeding plates are at 
first quadrangular with well-rounded angles, and a little longer than wide; they 
then become pentagonal, with a truncated proximal angle, although they still remain 
somewhat longer than wide. 

The lateral brachial plates, fairly wide, each bear seven spines and sometimes 
eight at the basis of the arms. These spines are short, nearly equal and their 
length is next to that of the article; however, the dorsal spines grow slightly shorter 
down to the last ones. They are slightly flattened and their surface is rough. The 
lateral spines, and above all the second under spine, are often provided near the 
rounded end, with two very small diverging denticulations which give them a 
bihamuled appearance, but this structure is always little developed; sometimes 
the small denticulations appear on one side only. 

The single tentacular scale is thin but fairly long, conical, with an obtuse point; 
its length does not reach half the corresponding under brachial plate. 

Connections and differences.—A. diducta belongs to the group of the Amphiure, 
s.str., which possess but one tentacular scale and have the under face of their disks 
bare. It differs from the forms of that group which, by the way, are few, in having 
numerous brachial spines, large and elongated radial shields and also a fairly long 
tentacular scale; I see no species to which it might be allied. 


AMPHIPHOLIS (=AMPHIURA) SQUAMATA (Delle Chiaje). 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 179. 
Siissbach and Breckner (11), p. 253. 
Keebler (13), p. 356. 
Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 02’ W.; 
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. One little specimen. 
Key West, Florida. One little specimen. 


AMPHIPHOLIS (=AMPHIURA) TENUISPINA Liungman. 

See for bibliography: 

Keebler (98), p. 53, pl. 6, figs. 22-23. 

Albatross station 2619. Oct. 20, 1885. Tat. 33° 38’ N.; long. 77° 36’ W.; 
15 fathoms; ers. yl. s. brk. sp. rot. co. One specimen. 

The sample, which is of very small size, is identical with the one which Verrill 
represented (85, pl. 20, fig. 53). 

AMPHIPHOLIS (=AMPHIURA) GRACILLIMA (Stimpson). 


Amphiura gracillima LyMAN (65), p. 116. 
Amphiura gracillima Lyman (75), pl. 5, fig. 70. 
Amphiura gracillima LyMAN (82), p. 146. 
Fish Hawk station 7109. Mar. 29,1901. Tampa Bay, Florida; 63 fathoms; 
mud; temp. 20.5° C. Two specimens. 
In both specimens the upper face of the disk has been torn away, but the 
characters of the mouth pieces and of the arms allow, however, the determination of 
the species with all the certainty which one might wish for. 


seal " a. r , 
aoe . 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67 


The arms, very slender, are extremely long and their length may even exceed 
10 centimeters. I observe but three brachial spines even at the basis of the arms, 
A. gracillima has been met with on the coast of South Carolina. 


AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) ERECTA, new species. 
Plate 6, figs. 4-7. 


Albatross station 2136. Feb. 29,1884. Off Cape Hatteras. Lat. 17° 43’ 40’ 
N.; long. 75° 38’ 25’’ W.; 52 fathoms; co. brk. sh. Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32295, U.S.N.M. 

In the larger specimen the disk is somewhat oval and its diameter ranges 
between 6 and 7mm. The arms are twisted so that it is impossible to measure 
exactly their length; two of them are entire and they could not have exceeded about 
35 mm. The second specimen is much smaller and the diameter of its disk does 
not exceed 3 mm., but the arms are comparatively longer and their length ranges 
between 35 and 40 mm. I will describe this species from the larger specimen. 

The disk is rounded and not at all notched in the interradial spaces. The upper 
face is covered with middle-sized plates, which are fairly thick, a little unequal, little 
imbricated, and become somewhat larger in the neighborhood of the radial shields; 
there is not the slightest indication of primary plates. At the margin of the disk 
certain plates carry a short, wide, and flattened spine with a rounded end; these 
spines vary in number, but are always few, six or eight in each interradius, and they 
do not form an interrupted row; most generally they are not observed until about 
the middle of the interradial spaces, but in one of these spaces they extend to near 
the radial shields. Some of these spines, shorter than the others, even seem to be 
a direct extension of the plate which stands erect; it then becomes difficult to tell 
whether we have to deal here with a spine in the proper sense of the word or with a 
small plate which stands erect. It is not so with the smaller specimen, where the 
spines are more numerous and lying closer, and generally form a more regular row; 
they are comparatively longer and more developed and consequently more distinct 
than in the larger specimen. The radial shields are small and contiguous over most 
of their length along their radial edge, which is straight, while the interradial side is 
strongly convex; they are separated proximally on the fourth or third part of their 
total length by a very narrow space. These shields are about three times longer 
than wide, their length being equal to about one-third of the disk radius. 

The plates of the upper face of the disk extend without interruption on the under 
face which they cover entirely, and where they appear imbricated, rounded, and 
subequal. The genital slits are narrow. 

The mouth shields, much elongated, are at least twice longer than wide; they 
are lozenge-shaped, or more exactly suggest the shape of a boot sole, and their 
widest part is somewhat nearer the distal than the proximal end. They offer a 
very rounded and wide proximal angle, two antero-lateral sides which join by obtuse 
and more or less protruding angles, the two posterior edges which are excavated; 
the latter are united by an angle, which is also quite rounded and wide and in 
general truncated so as to represent ashort distal side. The adoral plates, located 
almost entirely on the sides of the mouth shields, have the shape of an elongated 
and narrow triangle, with the three sides more or less excavated; these plates are 


68 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


extremely narrowed inwardly, and they are not contiguous on the interradial median 
line; they grow wider outwardly, but nevertheless remain widely separated from the 
opposite plate by the first under brachial plate. The oral plates are small and 
triangular. The oral papilla amount to three on each side; they are rather obtuse 
and have about the same shape; the middle one is, however, a little smaller than 
the other two, the external one is a little widened and triangular, the internal one 
is more elongated but not very thick; these three papille are contiguous and they 
form a regular row. In the smaller specimen they are uniform, rather short, and 
flattened. 

The upper brachial plates are extremely large and very much widened, almost 
three times wider than long; they are quadrangular, with a slightly rounded proximal 
side, an almost straight or even slightly depressed distal side, and short lateral sides, 
which join the two other sides by rounded angles. They are all widely contiguous. 

The first under brachial plate is fairly large, transversely widened, trapezoidal, 
with a narrow proximal side, a wider distal side and lateral sides which are divergent 
and excavated. The succeeding plates are very large, pentagonal, much wider than 
long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle, slightly divergent lateral sides 
joining by rounded angles the distal side, which is wide and generally a little notched 
in the middle; the proximal angle may even completely disappear on the first plates, 
which then become quadrangular. All these plates are contiguous. 

The lateral plates, little protruding, each bear three subequal spines which are 
equal to the article; they are wide, flattened, with a plainly rounded end. 

The tentacular scales lie at a right angle; they are equal and semicircular. 

The color of the specimens in alcohol is whitish. One can detect, on the upper 
face of the arms in the larger specimen, a median longitudinal line of a very light 
brown, and here and there some slightly darker annulations, each of which covers 
two articles. 

Connections and differences—Owing to the arrangement of the oral papille, 
which are three in number and subequal, this Amphiwra pertains to the section 
Amphiodia of Verrill. It can not be mistaken for A. liitkent (Ljungman), which 
bears, on the margin of the disk, some conical, elongated, and sharp-pointed spines, 
and has its disk covered with very fine plates; the radial shields and the two tentac- 
ular scales are more developed in this species than in A. erecta, and the arms are 
extremely long. Further on I shall deal with <A. liitkeni, which also must be classified 
in the section Amphiodia. 

A. erecta closely resembles A. riisei Liitken, to which is it akin by the shape of 
the mouth shields and by the upper and under brachial plates being very wide; but 
the former differs from the latter by some short, obtuse, and flattened spines standing 
at the margin of the disk, as well as by the radial shields, and also the upper plates 
of the disk being smaller, the adoral plates being narrower and more elongated, and 
the brachial spines being a little longer. 

As I wanted, nevertheless, to compare my species more thoroughly with A. riisei, 
I have been temporarily entrusted, thanks to the kindness of Mortensen, with the 
specimen which was first described by Liitken under the name of A. cordifera, 
and to which he gave, afterwards, the name of A. riisei. I can add a few 
remarks to Litken’s description. The plates of the upper face of the disk of 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69 


A. riiset are very large and they have been exactly figured by Liitken, but I observe 
that, on the margin of the disk, the plates which are succeeded by those of the 
under face have a tendency to stick up as they do in the genus Ophiophragmus, 
and some of them even elongate to some extent, an arrangement which tends to 
form a transition toward that which we see in A. erecta, where there are actual 
spines; I even find in the A. riisei specimen, at about the middle of one of the 
interradii, two very distinct little spines which are visible only from the Ophiuran’s 
under face. The mouth shields are a little narrower and more elongated than is 
shown in Liitken’s drawing, where the adoral plates are short and fairly thick; 
a shape which is consequently altogether different from the one we see in A. erecta. 
The first brachial under plate is broadly widened, and wider than in A. erecta, a shape 
which corresponds to the shortness of the adoral plates. 

Liitken has not mentioned the special character displayed on his specimen 
by the second brachial spine of the first eight or nine articles, that is to say, up to 
or a little beyond the margin of the disk; each of these conical spines bear at their 
obtuse end a crown of very short little spinules, which are conical and with rounded 
points; this crown progressively disappears and is no more visible beyond the disk. 
I give here a photograph of the under face of the specimen from the Copenhagen 
Museum (pl. 6, fig. 3). 

A. atra (Stimpson) is also very near A. erecta; it differs from it, as does A. riisei, 
in having wider mouth shields, smaller brachial spines, separated under brachial 
plates, wider adoral plates, and no spines on the disk. 


AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) LUTKENI (Ljungman). 
Plate 6, figs. 1-2. 
Amphipholis liitkeni LruNGMAN (71), p. 631. 


When describing, above, Amphiura erecta, I referred to A. liitkeni because 
it also has spines at the margin of the disk. We know that A. liitkeni has been 
described by Ljungman from a single specimen found at Tortola, at a depth of 
10 fathoms. Having had the opportunity to examine Ljungman’s original specimen, 
which was most kindly lent me by Professor Théel, I can add a few additional facts 
to Ljungman’s description, and I also reproduce two illustrations representing 
the upper and under faces of this species, which does not appear to have been either 
seen or mentioned since 1871. 

The disk is 6 mm. in diameter. The arms are extremely long; their length 
can not be exactly measured because they are more or less twisted, but they certainly 
exceed 80 mm. 

The disk is pentagonal, slightly excavated in the interradial spaces; its outline 
is somewhat irregular in the single specimen which I have in hand. The upper face 
is covered with small, subequal, thin, and imbricated plates, among which no 
primary plates can be distinguished; they become a little stronger near the radial 
shields and near the margin of the disk in the interradial spaces. On this same 
margin are seen a certain number of fairly strong, elongated, conical, and pointed 
spines which are sometimes bent; there are also about 10 such spines in each inter- 


1 While this memoir was passing through the press I received from the United States National Museum three specimens of 
A. riisei in a rather bad state; the words on the label were almost erased and I am unable to indicate their origin. 


70 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


radius. The radial shields are narrow, elongated, almost four times longer than 
wide, with a convex internal side and a sharply pointed proximal apex. Their 
length is inferior to half the radius of the disk; distally, they are contiguous on 
about one-third of their length, and, proximally, they are separated by a few rows 
of plates, but they are not very divergent. 

The under face of the disk is covered all over with very thin, imbricated, and 
equal plates, which uninterruptedly succeed those of the upper face. The genital 
slits are narrow. 

The mouth shields are lozenge-shaped and longer than wide, with four equal 
sides and rounded angles, especially the lateral angles, which are very obtuse. The 
adoral plates, of middling size, are triangular, with three more or less concave sides; 
they are widened outwardly, and one can see a thin blade which separates the mouth 
shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are low. The oral 
papille, amounting to three, are subequal, short, rather thick with a blunt point; 
the internal papilla, however, is a little more elongated than the other two. 

One can scarcely distinguish on the middle of the upper face of the arms 
the dark longitudinal line indicated by Ljungman. The dorsal plates are large 
and extremely wide, at least three times wider than long, with an almost straight 
proximal side, a wider distal side, which is sometimes a little depressed in its middle, 
and strongly rounded lateral sides joining the two other sides by angles which 
are also rounded. These plates are sometimes split into two lateral halves by a 
furrow near their middle, and sometimes the number of pieces is even larger, owing 
to there being two or three irregular furrows. All these plates are contiguous. 

The first under brachial plate is fairly long, triangular, with a truncated proximal 
angle and a strongly convex distal side. The succeeding ones are pentagonal, 
much wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle, and straight 
sides which meet by rounded angles. 

The lateral plates are little protruding. They carry three fairly wide, flattened 
slightly lanceolate spines, the point of which is obtuse and rough; these spines are 
about the same length and they equal the article. 

The tentacular scales, two in number, are subequal and rather large; the exter- 
nal scale, supported by the lateral brachial plate, is rounded; the internal one, which 
is inserted on the ventral plate, is more elongated. 

A. liitkeni has been classified by Ljungman in the genus Amphipholis which, 
according to him, included such species as have three oral papille on each side, the 
external papilla being either wider or narrower than the other two. As, in 
A. liitkeni, the three papille are subequal, this species must be placed in the section 
Amphiodia of Verrill. 


AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) PULCHELLA (Lyman). 


Amphiura pulchella LyMAN (69), p. 337. 
Amphiura pulchella LruNGMAN (71), p. 648. 
Amphiura pulchella LyMAn (75), pl. 5, fig. 75. 
Amphiura pulchella Lyman (82), pp. 125 and 147. 
Amphiodia pulchella H. L. CuarK (O01), p. 248. 


Albatross station 2765. Jan. 12, 1885. Lat. 36° 43’ S.; long. 56° 23’ W.; 
10.5 fathoms; s. brk. sh. Five specimens. 


4 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71 


Albatross; Port Castries, Santa Lucia. One specimen. 

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Seven specimens. 

The description which Lyman gave in 1869, as well as the scheme of the mouth 
pieces published by him in 1875, is quite sufficient to make known this species 
which belongs to Verrill’s Amphiodia section, and is easily identified by the under 
face of the disk being covered with scales which succeed those of the upper face, 
and by the single tentacular scale. All my examples are in accordance with that 
description, except that I do not always find the primary plates to be distinct, 
even on small specimens. 

A. pulchella has been met with on the coasts of Florida between 18 and 39 
fathoms. H. L. Clark has noted it also at Porto Rico, while it has been taken 
at Santa Lucia by the Albatross as well as at Dry Tortugas. 

I was greatly surprised to find this species in a tube bearing the label of station 
2765, that is to say of a locality lying much farther south of the localities just 
mentioned, but there can be no mistake as to the determination as the specimens 
altogether agree with the others. If there has been no mistake in the labelling 
A. pulchella extends, consequently, from Florida in the northern hemisphere to 
36° south latitude. 

AMPHIOPLUS (=AMPHIURA) ABDITA (Verrill). 


Amphiura abdita Verrmt, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, 1871, p. 132. 

Amphiura abdita Lyman (75), pl. 5, fig. 82. 

Amphiura abdita K@uuEr (07), p. 306, pl. 11, figs. 24-25. 

Amphiura macilenta VerriL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 23, 1882, pp. 142 and 408. 

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’” W.; 
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One small specimen. 

Albatross station 2242. Sept 26,1884. Lat. 40° 15’ 30’’ N.; long. 70° 27’ W.; 
58 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 51.4° F. Many specimens. 

Albatross station 2317. Jan. 15, 1885. Lat. 24° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 46’ 
45’’ W.; 75 fathoms; co.; temp. 75° F. One specimen. 

Grampus, June, 1892. One specimen. 

West coast of Florida. One specimen. 

Key West, Florida. Four specimens. 

No Name Key, Florida. Several specimens. 

Cedar Keys, Florida. Three specimens. 

The specimen from station 2317, the diameter of the disk of which does not 
reach 4 mm., is noticeable for its radial shields which are very small, rounded, or 
triangular, with rounded angles, about as long as wide; otherwise as in abdita. 

Verrill considered it likely that A. macilenta, formerly described by him as a 
distinct species, was the young of A. abdita. After having examined two speci- 
mens determined by Verrill as A. macilenta, I agree with his conclusion. 


AMPHIOPLUS (=AMPHIURA) CUNEATA (Lyman). 


Amphiura cuneata Lyman (82). 


Albatross station 2401. Mar. 14, 1885. Lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 52’ 30” 
W.; 142 fathoms; gn. m. brk. sh. One specimen. 
6061°—Bull. 84—14——6 


72 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family OPHIOMYCETIDA. 


OPHIOMYCES MIRABILIS Lyman. 
Plate 3, fig. 6. 


Ophiomyces mirabilis LYMAN (69), p. 342. 
Ophiomyces mirabilis LruNGMAN (71), p. 652. 
Ophiomyces mirabilis LyMAN (82), p. 242. 
Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman (88), p. 270. 
Ophiomyces mirabilis Ka@HLER (07), p. 316. 
Albatross station 2644. Apr. 3, 1886. Lat. 25° 40’ N.; long. 80° 00’ W.; 193 
fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7286. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 18’ N.; long. 81° 47’ 
45’’ W.; 133 fathoms; s.; temp. 53.5° F. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7296. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21’ 25’’ N.; long. 81° 47’ 
45'’ W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 54° F. Two specimens. 
Lyman gave a very good description of 0. mirabilis but he did not illustrate it. 
The example from station 2644 is of rather large size but the upper face is entirely 
missing; I was able to bring the arms down to the same level and to take a photo- 
graph of the under face which I reproduce here (pl. 3, fig. 6). 


Family OPHIACANTHID. 


The collection of Ophiurans which was sent me by the United States National 
Museum included a fairly large number of Ophiacanthide, some of which are new, 
while the others belong to species already known. Owing to the special difficulties 
which are experienced when making determinations in that family, I devoted 
myself not only to describing the former, but also, and with special attention, to 
the study of the known forms regarding which our knowledge is incomplete. Several 
species of the Ophiacanthide of the American coasts were named long ago by 
Verrill, but most of them were described by him in such a summary way that 
specialists agree that it is impossible to identify these species, the more so as they 
have not been illustrated. J have found in the collection of the National Museum 
a few of these species, and I have been able to obtain the cotypes of some others, 
but unfortunately I have been unable to borrow all the species which I should like 
to have studied. I have also examined with great benefit a few specimens deter- 
mined by Liitken or by Ljungman which were most kindly lent me either by Pro- 
fessor Théel, of Stockholm, or by my friend Doctor Mortensen, of Copenhagen. 
Thanks to these various specimens, I have been able either to ascertain some doubt- 
ful determinations or to establish some comparisons, or again to complete, with full 
knowledge of the question, some insufficient descriptions. My researches would have 
been more complete had I been able to examine a few Atlantic forms such as 
Ophiacantha cuspidata Lyman, segesta Lyman, and varispina Verrill, the affinities 
of which I consider as being somewhat doubtful. 

Before beginning with the description of the Ophiacanthide, I must admit 
that I feel somewhat puzzled, as will be understood by those who have studied the 
Ophiurans. The classification of the Ophiacanthide now represents an actual chaos, 
and the very limits of that family can not be indicated in a sufficiently precise 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 73 


“manner. We should be very thankful to Verrill for trying to establish a primary 


classification of these forms and to make in the genus Ophiacantha some eliminations 
which were necessary, owing to the steadily increasing number of the species attrib- 
uted to the said genus. Unfortunately, the sections established by Verrill are most 
unequal; if some may be preserved, as having the value of genera, others hardly 
correspond to subgenera, or they are even very disputable and useless. That is 
why Hubert Lyman Clark, when he studied, in 1911, the North Pacific ophiurans in 
the collection of the National Museum, was impelled to write: “I am therefore 
reluctantly compelled to ignore Verrill’s genera for the present and use Ophiacantha 
in a very wide sense.” 

In fact, Verrill did use, as a basis for the sections introduced by him, some 
characters which, at first sight, seem to have great value, but which practically offer 
a very disturbing lack of constancy and accuracy. More especially the respective 
size and the mode of arrangement of the oral or dental papille, the shape of the 
adoral plates, and the presence or absence of a distal lobe, which enables the said 
adoral plates to separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate, the 
state of the spines which form at the basis of the arms and on each side some rows 
which dorsally are more or less approximate, the lesser or greater visibility of the 
upper plate of the disk, are, in fact, characters which essentially alter with age, 
and are sometimes found to vary in some specimens of the same size. I have 
already had occasion several times to call attention to their inconstancy, and I 
shall do so again farther on, when describing such species as Ophiacantha anomala, 
O. bidentata, Ophiomitrella americana, etc. But, on the contrary, I am of the 
opinion that the characters of the shape and armature of the tentacular pores, either 
oral or brachial, which may vary considerably in shape and be either deprived 
of or provided with scales having quite peculiar shapes and disposition, the 
presence of genuine granules which extend up to the oral plates, the flattening and 
widening of the brachial spines, etc., represent much more valuable structures; 
consequently some of the genera established by Verrill, such as Ophiopora, Ophio- 
limna, Ophiopristis, seem to me to be perfectly justified. I have myself based 
on some characters of the same sort such genera as Ophiotrema, Ophiomedea, and 
Ophioleda. Verrill had also a very fortunate inspiration when he introduced some 
sections (Ophiacanthella, Ophientrema) for certain forms, as Ophiacantha troscheli, 
tuberculosa, scolopendrica, ete., or when he separated from the genus Ophiomitra the 
genus Ophioplinthaca. But how difficult it becomes to establish the limits of such 
genera as Ophiotreta, Ophiectodia, Ophientodia, Ophioscalus, etc. What is more, it 
is just as difficult to establish a limit between the genus Ophiomitrella, created by 
Verrill, and the genus Ophiacantha, in the restricted meaning he gives to the latter 
after having removed from it a whole series of forms, as it used to be to establish a 
limit between the genera Ophiacantha and Ophiomitra, when these two were taken 
in a much wider meaning. In fact, when one carefully examines several species 
which seem to be attributive to the genus Ophiacantha, one can not help acknowledg- 
ing, the presence, in most cases, on the upper face of the disk of very distinct plates, 
if the teguments are somewhat thin, and especially if the specimen is dry. Is it 
right, then, because these plates are small, to classify this example as an Ophiacantha, 


74 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


or, in case they are larger, as an Ophiomitrella? And which size will be taken as a 
standard for marking the limit? I mention this case because it seems to me to be 
one of the most delicate, and because the difficulty caused by it often arises with 
the Ophiacanthide; should the characters given by Verrill to the genus Ophiomitrella 
be very rigorously applied, most of the Ophiacanthe would finally pass over to that 
genus. 

Therefore, I repeat that some of the genera proposed by Verrill are absolutely 
justified and very easy of application, and consequently are worthy of being 
preserved; but I must own that in most cases the generic determination of the 
Ophiacanthide is extremely difficult. Without adopting the exclusive use of the 
expression Ophiacantha for all the cases, as has been done by H. L. Clark, I shall 
often adhere to that expression, putting between brackets the name of the section 
proposed by Verrill, in order to give some restriction to the rather extended meaning 
of the first name. 

OPHIACANTHA ACULEATA Vertill. 
Plate 11, figs. 1-2. 


Ophiacantha aculeata VERRILL (85), p. 547. 
Ophiacantha aculeata VERRILL (99), p. 36. 
Ophiacantha aculeata VERRILL (99a), pp. 323 and 335. 

Albatross station 2105. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 50’ N.; long. 73° 03’ 50’’ W.; 
1,395 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 41° F. Seven specimens. 

I have been able to confirm my identification by comparison with a specimen 
determined by Verrill and coming from station 2725 (lat. 36° 34’ N.; long. 73° 
48’ W.; 1,374 fathoms), and which was lent me by the National Museum. I beg 
to point out, on this subject, that O. aculeata was described by Verrill in 1885 from 
some specimens from stations 2034 (depth 1,346 fathoms) and 2105. The speci- 
mens which were sent me without a name come from the latter station. 

In Verrill’s cotype the diameter of the disk is 12.5 mm. Five out of seven 
specimens which I have studied have analogous dimensions, the diameter of the 
disk ranging between 12 and 14 mm.; two others are a little larger and their 
diameter reaches, respectively, 15 and 17 mm. ‘The arms, which are generally 
incomplete, may be very long; in the specimen with the disk 15 mm. wide, one of 
the arms, which is entire, exceeds 90 mm., and Verrill states the length of the arms 
to be 110 mm. 

Verrill’s description is rather short and does not mention certain characters, 
such as the shape of the upper and under brachial plates, etc.; and as it is not 
accompanied by any drawings, I feel sure that it would not permit of identifying 
the species with certainty. I therefore think it best to describe the latter in a more 
complete manner and to reproduce at the same time a few photographs of the most 
characteristic specimens. 

The outline of the disk is rounded. The convex upper face is covered with 
rather short stumps two or three times longer than wide, the surface of which is 
rough or even displays fine rugosities, and the end of which bears a few short and 
diverging spinules. These stumps, which are thick-set, all reach the same height; 
they are scattered uniformly over the surface of the disk and they completely hide 
the outline of the underlying plates; they also cover up the radial shields which are 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1d 


invisible. Verrill has pointed out that these stumps were ‘smaller, longer, and 
more slender than in O. bidentata,” with which he connects O. aculeata. 

The under face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, is covered with stumps 
which are analogous to those of the upper face but shorter, a little thicker, less 
dense, and allowing the outlines of the plates to be seen; they extend as far as 
the mouth shields. The genital slits are elongated and narrow. 

The mouth shields are rather small and much wider than long, triangular or 
lozenge-shaped, with an obtuse proximal angle limited by two straight sides which 
meet, by a rounded angle, the distal side, which is more or less convex; the latter 
is usually parted into two sides, united by a rounded and protruding angle. 
According to the more or less protruding character of this angle, the shield is either 
triangular or lozenge-shaped. The adoral plates are elongated, narrow, three or 
four times longer than wide, with [almost parallel edges; they send outwardly a 
rather narrow blade which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral 
brachial plate. The oral plates are fairly large, high, and triangular. The oral 
papille, as a rule, are three on each side; the external one is flattened and very 
much widened, chiefly at its base, but it often has an end which is thinner and 
terminates in an obtuse point. Such is, at least, the arrangement which I observe 
on the example from station 2725 and which I also find on one of the specimens from 
station 2105, the diameter of the disk of which reaches 14mm. On the others the 
arrangement of the oral papille remains regular at least on certain sides of the 
oral angles, but it is more or less altered on other sides. Verrill has pointed 
out that “sometimes an additional smaller one [oral papilla] stands out of line, 
behind those in the regular row.”” On the specimen from which I made my descrip- 
tion (pl. 11, fig. 2), one of the oral plates carries a supplemental papilla, so that 
there are four in all on that side, the external one always keeping the usual widened 
form, and the other three being conical and equal; on another side I notice a little 
papilla which lies near the second normal one; the other eight sides present the usual 
arrangement. On two other examples there is on two sides a little supplemental 
papilla located between the most external and the preceding one. Finally, in others, 
one may find, instead of a single and odd dental papilla, two or three larger or smaller 
papillee which, moreover, remain irregular in shape and number in the same speci- 
men. In the largest specimen two dental papille are generally to be noticed, 
except on one of the jaws, and besides, sometimes there is a supplemental oral 
papilla on the sides, and therefore here is another example worth pointing out of 
the variations which the oral and dental papillae of the Ophiacanthide may offer. 
I beg to call attention to these differences owing to the importance given by Verrill, 
when he classified the Ophiacanthide, to the arrangement of these papille; in fact 
if we strictly observed the diagnoses of the genera or subgenera which he established, 
certain specimens from station 2105 ought to be classified in the genus Ophiacantha, 
s. str., others in the genus Ophientodia, and a few might be placed indifferently 
in one genus or the other, according to which mouth angle one considers. 

The arms are long, fairly wide, and not at all moniliform, although the lateral 
brachial plates are fairly protruding; they gradually get narrower up to their ends 
and the articles are short. The upper brachial plates are fairly large, triangular, 
with an acute proximal angle, and a wide and convex distal side; they are wider than 


76 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


long. In the large specimens they are contiguous on the first brachial article, then 
are separated by an interval which is never very long except in the terminal part 
of the arms. On the specimens the disk of which ranges from 12 to 14 mm. in 
width, these plates may already be separated from the base of the arms by a narrow 
interval. 

The first under brachial plate, which is rather small, is triangular with a con- 
vex distal side on the small specimens, and pentagonal on the larger ones; it has 
in the latter case two distal sides which meet in an obtuse angle, two straight lateral 
sides, and a rounded proximal side. The second plate is very large, triangular, 
almost twice wider than long, or even wider still; in the larger specimens the 
proximal angle is more or less opened, the distal side is very wide and convex; this 
second plate is already separated from the first one by the lateral plates. The 
succeeding plates are pentagonal with a most obtuse proximal angle, straight lateral 
sides, and a very convex distal side; they very rapidly grow narrower though 
remaining somewhat wider than long and the interspace between them becomes 
longer and longer. At a distance of 2 centimeters from the base of the arms this 
space is equal to the length of the said plates but exceeds it in the second half of 
the arms. 

The lateral brachial plates are fairly protruding and each of them bears eight 
spines on the largest samples. These are elongated, rather thin, pointed, and their 
length increases from the first ventral one, which is longer than the article, to the 
penultimate dorsal one, which reaches two and a half articles, the last one being 
often rather smaller than the foregoing one. The surface of these spines may offer 
rugosities and even conical denticulations, always fairly short, which appear chiefly 
on the ventral and lateral spines and almost completely disappear on the dorsal 
ones, the surface of which has simply a rough appearance when seen through the 
microscope. The two lateral rows of spines always remain separated from each 
other at the base of the arms, and I do not notice that they are, as Verrill says, 
“forming an almost continuous band above.” The spines become a little shorter 
and fewer toward the end of the arms, but the length of the dorsal ones remains 
always almost equal to two articles. 

The tentacular scale is not very large, but it is a little widened at the base of 
the arms; it is conical and rather pointed on the smaller examples while it becomes 
obtuse at the end on the larger ones, and it is often slightly bent; it becomes a 
little thinner at a certain distance from the disk. Its surface is rough and there 
are even to be seen at its end a few small spinules on the smallest specimens. 

The color of the specimens in alcohol is yellowish and the upper face of the disk 
is sometimes a little darker. Verrill says that the color of the live animal is light 
orange or buff. 

Therefore, to sum up, O. aculeata shows the following main features: The size 
is large, since the diameter of the disk reaches 17 mm. in the largest known 
specimens; the said disk is rounded, not excavated in the interradial spaces, and 
it is covered by small stumps which are fairly elongated and spinulous. The oral 
papilla: number three on each side, the external one being always widened with 
the possible intercalation of a supplemental papilla; the number of tooth papille 
ranges from one to three. The upper brachial plates are large, triangular, fairly 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. a 


approximated at the base of the arms; the under brachial plates are pentagonal, 
middle-sized, always a little wider than long. The brachial spines, amounting to 
seven or eight, are hardly echinulated, rather thin, elongated, and the length of the 
dorsal ones equals at least two and a half articles. The tentacular scale is middle- 
sized with a rather obtuse point in the largest specimens. 

I shall refer again to O. aculeata little further on when studying O. fraterna 
and O. meridionalis. 


OPHIACANTHA ANOMALA Sars. 
Plate 15, figs. 3-5. 

Ophiacantha anomala G. O. Sars, Forh. Vidensk. Selsk., 1871, p. 12. 
Ophiacantha anomala Verrut, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 16, 1878, p. 214. 
Ophiacantha anomala Verru1, Check list Mar. Invert., 1879, p. 14. 
Ophiacantha anomala Lyman (82), pp. 179 and 198. 
Ophiacantha anomala Lyman (83), p. 260. 
Ophiacantha anomala Storm, Kong. Norske Vidensk. Selsk., 1883, p. 10. 
Ophiacantha anomala Verrtt (85), p..547. 
Ophiacantha anomala Lupwia, Sitzb. Akad. Berlin, 1899, p. 21. 
Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL (99), p. 36. 
Ophiacantha anomala Verrut (99a), pp. 324, 335, 339. 
Ophiacantha anomala MortENSEN (03), p. 86. 
Ophiacantha anomala Lupwia (04), p. 694. 
Ophiacantha anomala MortENSEN (10), p. 290. 
? Ophiacantha nodosa Lyman (82), p. 192, pl. 22, figs. 14. 

Albatross station 2068. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42° 03’ N.; long. 65° 48’ 40" W.; 
131 fathoms; s., fne. g., etc.; temp. 42° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
421 fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 
30’’ W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2669. May 5, 1886. Lat. 31° 09’ N.; long. 73° 33’ 30’ W.; 
352 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp..43.7° F. One specimen. 

Although 0. anomala has often been cited by authors, for it has often been met 
with in the northern seas of Europe, and Verrill has reported it, as long ago as 1878, 
on the coasts of North America, it is after all little known, and I do not think 
anything has ever been added to the original, and by the way, excellent description 
which Sars published in 1871 and which was made from a specimen 11 mm. wide. 
But I observe, either on the specimens gathered by the Albatross in American seas, 


‘or on those coming from European seas which were lent to me or which are in 


my own collection, such variations as relate chiefly to the age of the examples and 
which it is important to note, the more so because some of these differences 
apply to the characters which Verrill referred to in order to classify the Ophi- 
acanthide; it will consequently be of value to describe these specimens and to 
publish illustrations of some of them. 

In the specimens which I have in hand, the diameter of the disk ranges between 
12 and 5 mm.; all of them have six arms. The disk is hexagonal, generally a little 
excavated in the interradial spaces. In the younger specimens, the upper face 


78 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


offers distinct plates, each of which carries a rather elongated little stump, which 
is thick, cylindrical, having a rough surface and its end terminated by a few 
elongated spinules which are rather thin and somewhat divergent. One may 
generally see ten protruding and more or less visible radial ribs at the end of each 
of which there is a little radial triangular shield, which is bare and separated from 
the one opposite by a rather narrow interval. On the larger specimens, the 
diameter of the disk of which ranges from 8 to 10 or 11 mm., the outlines of the 
upper plates become less discernible, though still distinct, and the little stumps 
which they carry are shorter and much stronger; the spinules at the ends of the said 
stumps are also fewer, shorter, thicker, unequal, and rather erect. The radial 
ribs are not always apparent, but one can easily see the very small radial shields, 
which are lying fairly close. In the largest specimen which I have studied (station 
2668), the diameter of the disk of which reaches 12 mm., the little staves of the upper 
face of the disk appear in the form of thick, elongated granules with rough ends, which 
at first sight differ from those of the smaller specimens in which the diameter of the 
disk does not exceed 5 mm., but which are, nevertheless, connected with the latter 
through a set of intermediate forms. 

Like arrangements are found again on the under face of the disk in the inter- 
radial spaces. The stumps of the plates extend up to the mouth shields and 
become progressively smaller and shorter, and at the same time, less rough and less 
spinulous. 

The shape of the mouth shields varies with age. In the smaller specimens 
(plate 15, fig. 5), these shields are in the shape of triangles or lozenges, a little wider 
than long, with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side, splitting some- 
times into two sides united by a very plainly rounded angle. As the Ophiuran is 
growing, the mouth shield becomes longer and it very soon grows to be longer 
than wide; it then appears fairly narrow and rather small, wider in its proximal 
part than in its distal region, with an exceedingly obtuse proximal angle which 
may even reach 180°, converging lateral sides and a very narrow and rounded 
distal side (fig. 4). This shape reminds one, as already pointed out by Sars, of 
that of the mouth shields of O. spectabilis. The adoral plates, which are middle- 
sized, are short, fairly broad, and have parallel sides. The oral plates are high and 
triangular. Sars, in his description, indicates four oral papillze on each side. In 
fact, I never find more than three in the young ones; they are thin, very long, 
conical, pointed, and have about all the same shape although their thickness 
slightly increases from the external to the internal papilla. There is an odd dental 
papilla which is stronger than the neighboring papille, elongated and conical. In 
the adult, the number of oral papille is increased by the intercalation of two, or 
even three, supplementary papille, which break the regular arrangement of the 
first papille with which they are not in line; the result is that the oral papille 
show some variations in number and disposition. Generally speaking, the external 
papilla always remains somewhat wider than the others. Moreover, near the 
till then single dental papilla, are seen one or two other papille, so that the jaw 
is terminated with dental papille, the number of which varies from one to three. 
Consequently, the specimens which had first presented, by the arrangement of their 
oral and dental papille, the characters of the true Ophiacantha in the restricted 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79 


meaning adopted by Verrill, afterwards take on the characters of the genus Ophien- 
todia of the same author. 

The upper brachial plates are rather small, triangular, with a widely opened 
proximal angle and a strongly convex distal side; they are wider than long and sepa- 
rated by a fairly long interval. 

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, narrower in its proximal 
than in its distal part, with diverging lateral sides. The second one is large, very 
much widened distally, with an obtuse proximal angle, diverging lateral sides, and 
a very convex distal side, which may sometimes present, in its middle, a very small 
and feebly protruding, widened median lobe. On the following plates the width 
slightly decreases and the distal side becomes more strongly convex; therefore, the 
plates become longer than wide, at the same time as the proximal angle becomes 
more open. This elongated form of the under brachial plates is quite striking, and 
in the young specimens these plates are seen to become sometimes even almost twice 
longer than wide. I usually notice, on the under face of the plate, within the distal 
side and parallel with it, two or three concentric strie, which are rather wide apart. 
The under plates always remain separated by a narrower interval in the adults than 
in the young. 

The lateral plates bear on their somewhat swollen distal side seven or eight 
spines of increasing length from the first, which is almost equal to the article, to the 
last one, which may reach the length of two and a half articles. These spines 
are provided with fine and close denticulations in the young, which, however, are 
less apparent in the adult, where they nevertheless remain visible through the 
microscope. 

The tentacular scale is fairly large and wide, somewhat lanceolate, with a very 
rough end. On the larger specimens this end is simply rounded, but on the two 
smallest specimens, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 5 mm., this 
scale is narrower and sharper, more so in one of them than in the other; in all the 
others the tentacular scale displays the form which I have just indicated. On the 
large specimens the tentacular brachial pores of the first pair always carry two 
scales. 

Owing to the presence of distinct plates on the upper face of the disk, this 
species ought to be classified in the genus Ophiomitrella, if Verrill’s classification 
be strictly adhered to. On the other hand, we have seen that the oral papille 
are losing their regular arrangement with age; they may also become more numerous 
as the number of the dental papille increases, such being the case in the species 
classified by Verrill in his genus Ophientodia. 

When studying the descriptions and drawings of Ophiacantha nodosa published 
by Lyman, the question may be asked what are the characters on which that author 
has based the separation of that species from O. anomala. The most important 
difference which I find refers to the under brachial plates, which, according to Lyman, 
are a little wider than long, but it must be remembered that Lyman had at his 
disposal but one specimen, the arms of which were broken near the disk, and conse- 
quently he was unable to observe the changes in the form and elongation of the 
successive under brachial plates, so that it is very difficult to take this character 
into account. Therefore, the two species seem to me very likely to be synonyms. 


80 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


However, it must be noted that O. nodosa comes from a depth (1,525 fathoms), 
where QO. anomala has never been found. 

O. anomala is known from the Arctic regions of Europe and on the coasts of 
North America; it has been found chiefly in the waters of Nova Scotia in about 100 
to 130 fathoms. According to the indications of the stations which I have given 
above, it will be seen that the Albatross has taken O. anomala in more southern 
stations, between 42° and 31° north latitude. According to Lyman, O. anomala 
occurs in a depth of 524 fathoms, but the determination is doubtful. 


OPHIACANTHA ASPERA Lyman. 

See for bibliography: 

Verrill (99), p. 44. 
Keehler (07), p. 316. 

Albatross station 2159. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’ 
W.; 98 fathoms; co. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2166. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’’ 
W.; 196 fathoms; co.; temp. 71.9° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2167. May 1, 1884: Lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’ 
W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2335. Jan.19,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’” 
W.; 204 fathoms. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’’ 
W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens. 

Blake; 2 miles BE. off Havana; 200 fathoms. 'Two specimens. 

The diameter of the disk does not exceed 5 mm. in general; the arms are rarely 
preserved, except on one of the examples from Havana. 

Lyman’s description has been completed and rectified by Verrill, and the 
specimens are quite in accordance with those of the latter naturalist, as well as 
those I mentioned in 1907. The species is well characterized and easily to be 
detected. 

O. aspera has been met with in various localities of the West Indies between 
73 and 262 fathoms. 

OPHIACANTHA BIDENTATA (Retzius). 


Plate 8, figs. 3-4. 

See for bibliography: 

Keehler (09), p. 184. 
Mortensen (10), p. 274. 
Grieg (10), p. 5. 
Keehler (18a), p. 14. 

St. Augustine, Florida. No depth mentioned. One dry specimen. 

The oral papille show the usual arrangement. 

I have had quite recently occasion (18a, p. 14) to speak of the variations which 
the oral papille of O. bidentata may present in their number, as well as in their 
arrangement, when studying the specimens which Charcot had gathered in the 
northern regions of European seas. The examination of certain specimens of 0. 
bidentata shows how difficult, and at the same time how dangerous, it is to establish 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81 


a classification among the Ophiacanthide, taking as a basis the characters of the 
mouth papillz only. In a lot coming from one and the same locality one may 
find, beside such examples as have three oral papille, the last of which is widened, 
some others which have a regular row of four subequal papille and sometimes 
even five; this structure might be due to a splitting of the external papilla, as 
formerly suggested by Duncan and Sladen. But besides the three or four papille 
which form a regular row, there may also be seen either one or a variable number 
of papille, which are inserted on a different level from the others and are generally 
smaller than they are. These supplementary papille often appear at the junction 
of the oral and adoral plates, and they may vary in number from one to five; but 
they may also appear near the terminal tooth papilla, and thus constitute supple- 
mentary tooth papille which are almost as much developed as the normal papille. 
All these variations are observed on specimens of equal size; they appear to very 
variable degrees on the mouth angles of the same specimen, and they are absolutely 
not due to age. So that, according to which specimen is observed, nay, even accord- 
ing to which of the mouth angles of the same specimen is observed, one is likely to 
meet the characters which Verrill took as a basis either to maintain the genus 
Ophiacantha, s. str., or to establish new genera, such as those called by him Ophiec- 
todia or Ophientodia, the value of which becomes consequently very doubtful. 

One may see, by the illustrations which I reproduce here, and which represent 
the under face of the disk of two O. bidentata from Icelandic waters, how much 
the mouth papilla may differ either by their number or by their arrangement from 
the type admitted as being normal (pl. 8, figs. 3 and 4). 


OPHIACANTHA ECHINULATA Lyman. 


Ophiacantha echinulata Lyman (78a), p. 229, pl. 1, figs. 7-9. 
Ophiacantha echinulata Lyman (88), p. 262. 

Ophioscalus echinulatus Verri (99), p. 39. 

Ophioscalus echinulatus Verrt (99a), pp. 327, 331, 336, and 338. 
Ophiacantha pectinula Verru (99a), pp. 325, 338, 340, and 342. 
Ophiacantha echinulata Kanter (07), p. 319. 


Albatross station 2117. Jan. 27, 1884. Lat. 15° 24’ 40” N.; long. 63° 31’ 
30’” W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2629. Mar. 8, 1886. Lat. 16°54’ N -; long. 75° 10’ 40” W.; 
1,169 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 38.4° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2651. Noy. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54’ N.; long. 63° 12’ W.; 
687 fathoms; wh. oz.; temp. 73.4° F. One specimen. 

The two specimens from stations 2629 and 2651 are in good condition; the 
diameter of the disk ranges between 5.5 and 6 mm., and the arms are from 40 to 
45 mm. long. The third specimen is somewhat larger, the diameter of the disk 
reaching 7 mm., but the arms are incomplete. 

These specimens are not absolutely in agreement with the type which Lyman 
described and figured in 1878 from a single specimen, and especially they do not 
offer the bare widened radial shields which that writer indicated, but it must be 
noticed that, in the year 1883, after having studied many specimens gathered by 
the Blake in several stations of the West Indies, Lyman wrote (88, p. 262): ‘‘Some- 


82 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


times the radial shields can not be seen, but are quite hidden by the short disk 
spines.”’ Now, the Jardin des Plantes possesses one specimen of 0. echinulata, from 
the dredgings of the Blake (the diameter of the disk reaches from 8 to 8.5 mm.), 
in which the upper face shows the same characters as those of the Albatross speci- 
mens which I have in hand, and the radial shields of which are small, separated, 
and more or less hidden by the spines. This specimen was most likely studied and 
determined by Lyman himself, and we have just seen that this writer admits some 
variations in the shape and armature of the radial shields. I shall add that, in 
their other characters, the specimens from the Albatross are altogether in con- 
formity with that example from the Blake, and they undoubtedly belong to thesame 
species, whichever name be given to the latter. 

On the other hand, Verrill, in 1899, thought it advisable to create for O. echi- 
nulata the subgenus Ophioscalus, which he characterizes especially by the large 
bare widened radial shields remaining in contact almost on their whole length; 
these characters are borrowed from the description which Lyman had made in 1878 
from his single example, but the correction made by that writer in 1883 is not 
taken into account. A little later on, but still in 1899 (99a, p. 342), Verrill created 
for an Ophiacantha which came from the dredgings of the Blake and which Lyman 
had sent to him under the name of O. echinulata, a new species, to which he gave 
the name of O. pectinula and which he classifies in his genus Ophiectodia, owing to 
the arrangement of the oral papille, to which I shall refer presently. Now, apart 
from the character of the oral papille, O. pectinula is astonishingly like an 
O. echinulata which is not provided with those widened radial shields which Lyman 
pointed out in 1878, but presents the shape indicated by him in 1883. However, 
in O. pectinula there are on the distal side of the upper brachial plates very thin, 
short, and pointed little spines, and this is undoubtedly the character which Verrill 
wanted to recall in the specific name chosen by him. Now, I find again these small 
marginal spines not only in the three examples from the National Museum, but also 
in the specimen coming from the dredgings of the Blake and kept at the Jardin 
des Plantes. 

When describing O. echinulata, Lyman, who did not ascribe to the oral and 
tooth papille the same importance as Verrill afterwards gave them, says only that 
the papille amount to from 11 to 14 in each mouth angle, the external papillz 
being larger, and that the end of each jaw bears one or two papilla which are 
larger than the others. On the other hand, Verrill characterizes his genus Ophiec- 
todia by the existence of extremely numerous oral papille which build a bunch 
or a double row on the level of the tentacular mouth pore; in his description of 
O. pectinula he begins by mentioning a first series of four or five papilla which 
build a regular row, after which there appear on the level of the tentacular pore 
five or six distal papillae. Now, I observe this arrangement in none of the specimens 
which I have in hand; in these the oral papillae generally amount to five in all and 
form a regular row; they are elongated, conical, pointed, and the last two, which 
stand on the level of the tentacular mouth pore but are not separated from the 
preceding ones, are most generally either a little longer or a little wider than the 
others. As to the tooth papille, they vary in number and in size; they are some- 
times two, sometimes three orfour. But I repeat that I fail to find the slightest 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83 


trace of these special papills which should form a bunch or a double row so as to 
build for the mouth pore that particular covering indicated by Verrill. 

I can not, therefore, give to my specimens the name of Ophiectodia pectinula 
and I retain for them the name of Ophiacantha echinulata. Besides, there can be 
no objection to that species being classified in the subgenus Ophioscalus of Verrill. 

Thus O. echinulata remains well characterized by the peculiar covering of the 
upper face of the disk, which may hide, more or less completely, the radial shields, 
and the latter offer, in their shape and size, the variations indicated by Lyman. 
The species is also featured by the tentacular scale of the brachial pores, which is 
extremely long, narrow, very much pointed and rough, and almost as long as the 
corresponding under brachial plate; often, but not always, there are two scales on 
the first tentacular brachial pore; the under brachial plates, which are elongated, 
narrow, with a convex distal side, have also a rather characteristic shape. 

Apart from the arrangement of the oral papille, the description given by Verrill 
of O. pectinula may, therefore, apply to the specimens which I have studied; but, 
on the other hand, I can not separate them from O. echinulata, for it is understood 
that as regards the shape of the radial shields such a restriction must be made as 
Lyman himself made in 1883. This being so, must Ophiectodia pectinula be con- 
sidered as a synonym of Ophiacantha echinulata? Although this synonymy be 
very enticing, I do not think it ought to be admitted now, since Verrill has definitely 
taken the characters of the oral papillz as a basis for the separation of the two species. 
The question will not be settled except by comparing a great many specimens; 
especially a revision of the specimens gathered by the Blake and indicated by Lyman 
in 1883 would be particularly interesting and is most desirable. 


OPHIACANTHA ENOPLA Lyman. 


Fish Hawk station 1124. Aug. 26, 1882. Lat. 40° 01’ N.; long. 68° 54’ W.; 
640 fathoms; fne. s., gn. m., limestone nodules; temp. 39° F. One specimen. 


OPHIACANTHA FRATERNA Verrill. 
Plate 11, figs. 5-6. 
See for bibliography: 
Ophiacantha fraterna VERRUL (85), p. 545. 
Ophiacantha fraterna VERRUL (99a), pp. 321, 324. 

Albatross station 2105. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 50’ N.; long. 73° 03’ 50’” W.; 
1,395 fathoms; glob. oz.; temp. 41° F. Nine specimens. 

Albatross station 2678. May 6, 1886. Lat. 32° 40’ N.; long. 76° 40’ 30’ W.; 
731 fathoms; lt. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7° F. Three specimens. 

In the larger specimens the diameter of the disk ranges between 8 and 9.5 mm.; 
in the smallest it does not exceed 3mm. The largest examples are not in a very 
good state; the brachial spines are very incomplete, and the arms themselves are 
broken at a small distance from their base. In an example with a disk of 8 mm., 
the arms are from 40 to 45 mm. long. 

I have been able to make sure of my determination by comparing these speci- 
mens with a specimen determined by Verrill and lent me by the U.S. National Museum, 


84. BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


and which came also from the dredgings of the Albatross (station 2573, southeast of 
Georges Bank, Sept. 2, 1885, 1,742 fathoms). This specimen is in a fairly good state 
although two arms are broken near the base and none of the other three are preserved 
to their entire length; the diameter of the disk equals 10 mm. 

I shall avail myself of the opportunity offered me to study this species to add a 
few remarks to Verrill’s description and especially to reproduce a few photographs 
of that form which has never been figured; it would be, in fact, very difficult to 
identify it only by the information given by Verrill. 

T will first describe the example determined by the latter and afterwards I will 
compare with it the other examples which I have in hand. 

The 10 radial ribs indicated by Verrill are plainly visible. The radial shields 
in which they end are quite distinct, though small; they are triangular, a little 
longer than wide, and bare or carry only a few little stumps near their periphery. 
The two shields of each pair are strongly set apart from each other and separated 
by an interval which is equal to the width of the corresponding arm. The upper 
face of the disk is covered with extremely thin, rounded, imbricated, and subequal 
plates, which become very apparent after they have been freed from the little 
stumps borne by them. These stumps really have the shape indicated by Verrill. 
I shall add that they are very short, very much widened at their base, and rather 
conical; the spinules which terminate them are rather thick, short, very irregularly 
arranged, and variable in number. Each plate bears only one such little stump. 

The interradial spaces of the under face of the disk are covered with larger and 
more distinct plates than on the upper face, and consequently the stumps are not 
so dense; they become shorter as they get nearer to the mouth shields. The genital 
slits are narrow, elongated, and quite distinct. 

The mouth shields are short and strongly widened ehanevorsely? their shape is 
rather irregular on the specimen from Georges Bank, and the angles are more or 
less rounded: I observe no median lobe on the aera side. The adoral plates are 
narrow, elongated, and slightly incurved in the shape of a crescent; they preserve 
the same width over their whole length and do not separate the mouth shield from 
the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are of medium size. The oral 
papille, amounting to three on each side, display the characters indicated by Verrill ; 
the external papilla, especially, is conical and pointed like the others, and even, 
perhaps, a little smaller than they are. 

The arms are not moniliform. The upper brachial plates are large, triangular, 
almost as long as wide, or a little wider than long, with a fairly opened proximal 
angle limited by straight sides, and a very convex distal edge. On the first 10 or 
12 articles the proximal angle is rather strongly truncated. These plates are at 
first contiguous, and afterwards separated by a little interval. 

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, wider proximally than 
distally, with a small and rounded distal edge. The following plates are middle- 
sized, pentagonal, with a very obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side; they 
are first much wider than long, and, at a certain distance from the disk, their width 
slightly decreases, though still remaining always wider than long. They are 
separated by a narrow interval from the base of the arms. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 


Verrill states that the tentacular scale is ‘‘flattened, small, tapered, subacute’’; 
the form which I observe on my own specimen is a little different. Indeed, this 
scale, of middle size, appears flattened, elongated, fairly wide, and it always keeps 
the same width throughout its whole length, or even becomes a little wider in its 
distal part to end with a rounded edge; its surface is very rough. 

All the specimens from stations 2105 and 2678 are smaller than the foregoing 
one, and display a few differences which are evidently due to their age. The radial 
ribs are distinct on only a few specimens, the diameter of the disk of which ranges 
between 5 and 8 mm.; in the two largest ones, the upper face of the disk displays 
corrugations which have very likely caused the relief of the ribs to disappear. The 
upper brachial plates are generally separated from the base of the arms. The 
under brachial plates are always wider than long at the base of the arms, but they 
afterwards become as wide as long, and they even become a little longer than wide 
at the ends of the arms. The mouth shields often have their side angles sharper 
than those of the specimen from station 2573, but they generally remain rounded; 
the oral papille preserve the usual arrangement. On the two larger specimens 
from station 2105, the tentacular scales of the first brachial articles are thinner 
and sharper than on the articles which succeed the disk, where they take the shape 
which I have reported above; but on the smaller samples, the form which I observe 
is nearer to the one indicated by Verrill, that is to say, the scales are thinner and 
subacute, sometimes a little lanceolate, but always fairly long. 

Verrill connected O. fraterna with O. bidentata, the latter offering certainly a 
great analogy with the former. It will, however, always be possible to distinguish 
the first from the second species; by the form of the external oral papilla which is 
not widened and offers the same shape as the other two in O. fraterna, where it 
is elongated, cylindrical, and almost spiniform; by the brachial spines being rougher; 
by the small stumps of the upper face of the disk being thinner and ending in a 
bunch of notably stronger spinules. The mouth shields and the adoral plates have 
almost the same shape in both species. 

But it is not to O. bidentata that O. fraterna is most closely allied; it is 
undoubtedly nearer O. aculeata Verrill, and the comparison with the latter is all 
the more necessary because I have found both species in the lot of Ophiurans which 
came from station 2105. All the O. fraterna of that lot being smaller than the 
O. aculeata, the question might be asked whether the former were not simply 
the young of the second species. Above all, the shape of the external oral papilla 
will always allow O. fraterna to be distinguished from O. aculeata. In fact, in all 
the O. fraterna observed by me, in which the diameter of the disk varies from 3 to 
9.5 mm., this papilla always remains identical with the other two, and although I 
have observed no specimen of QO. aculeata less than 12 mm. in diameter, it is 
not admissible that the shape of that papilla begins to alter only when the disk of 
the Ophiuran has reached a diameter superior to 9 mm., and that it only then takes 
the strikingly widened shape which it displays in O. aculeata, the diameter of which 
is 12 mm. or more. If we compare some specimens of O. fraterna, such as the one 
from Georges Bank, the disk of which is 10 mm., with some 0. aculeata, such as the 
one represented on plate 11, figures 1 and 2, the diameter of the disk of which is about 


86 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


15 mm., we shall find the following differences: The radial shields which are dis- 
tinct, though small, in O. fraterna, are altogether indistinct in O. aculeata where 
they are covered over with stumps identical with those existing on the rest of 
the upper face of the disk, and radial ribs never appear in the latter. The mouth 
shields have about the same shape in both species, but the adoral plates do not 
separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate in O. fraterna, while 
they do separate it in O. aculeata. The upper brachial plates are smaller, con- 
tiguous from the base of the arms in the largest samples of the first species, while 
they are larger, widened, and separated from the base in the second one. The 
upper brachial plates always remain very wide and wider than long in 0. fraterna, 
while in O. aculeata their width rapidly decreases and they become as long as wide, 
and then longer than wide. The brachial spines are a little rougher in O. fraterna 
and the tentacular scale is a little more widened than in O. aculeata. 

I shall discuss a little further the affinities of O. fraterna with O. pentacrinus, 
after having described the latter species. 


OPHIACANTHA GRANULIFERA Verrill. 
Plate 10, figs. 2-3. 


Ophiacantha granulifera VERRILL (85), p. 546. 
Ophiacantha granulifera VeRRiLL (99a), pp. 321 and 324. 

Albatross station 2069. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 41° 54’ 50’’ N.; long. 65° 48’ 
35’’ W.; Georges Bank; 101 fathoms; s. st. g. p. and ¢.; temp. 42° F. One 
specimen. 

The specimen which has been lent me was determined by Verrill. As his 
description, although sufficient to allow the species to be identified, is rather short 
and not accompanied with any drawings, it has seemed to me useful to give a few 
notes on the specimen in hand and to reproduce two photographs of it. 

The diameter of the disk is 10 mm.; the arms are not complete; they are 
broken at 40 mm. from their bases and must have reached about 50 mm. 
The disk is rounded, excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face is uni- 
formly covered with, little rounded granules, which are very dense although not 
absolutely contiguous, and have a rough surface; these granules are most regularly 
arranged and all of them have the same diameter. They almost completely hide 
the limits of the plates which carry them; however, the latter appear very dis- 
tinctly, in my specimen, at the periphery of the disk and on each side of the 
radial shields; these plates are fairly large, somewhat unequal and imbricated. 
The radial shields are visible on their whole length; they are narrow and elongated, 
triangular, three or four times longer than wide and completely bare; the two 
shields of each pair are widely separated from each other by several rows of plates. 
The under face is completely deprived of granules and covered with fairly large, 
unequal, and imbricated plates. The genital slits are narrow and elongated. 

The rather small mouth shields are very wide and include a chief part, which 
is triangular, short, three times wider than long, with a very obtuse proximal angle 
and rounded lateral angles; the distal side, which is convex, offers in its middle a 
widened and very much elongated lobe, the length of which reaches that of the 
chief part of the plate; this lobe strongly protrudes into the interradial space, and 


e, 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87 


its distal side is rounded. The adoral plates are well developed, fairly large, very 
much widened inwardly and narrower outwardly. The oral plates, which are 
triangular, are rather small. All these plates are covered with fine granulations. 
The oral papille amount to three or four on each side; they are rather strong and 
conical and their end is sometimes pointed, sometimes blunt. The dental papilla, 
which is single and odd, is larger than the neighboring oval papille. 

The upper brachial plates of middling size are triangular, with a fairly open 
proximal angle, and slightly corrugated diverging lateral sides, and a wide and 
convex distal side. These plates are almost as wide as long, and they are separated 
from the bases of the arms by a fairly narrow interval. 

The under brachial plates are remarkably short and wide, as pointed out by 
Verrill, and they are broadly separated by the lateral plates. The first one is wider 
than long, quadrangular, with a rounded and convex distal side, a concave proximal 
side, and two diverging lateral sides. The following ones are extremely wide, at 
least four times wider than long and triangular, with a very obtuse proximal angle 
limited by narrow sides, which meet the distal edge by fairly acute angles; the said 
distal edge is extremely wide and often excavated in its middle. At a certain 
distance from the disk the plates become narrower and comparatively a little 
longer; they are then pentagonal, with two diverging lateral sides, which are 
excavated by the corresponding tentacular scale, and a convex distal side. 

The lateral plates carry eight or nine spines. The ventral spines are rather 
thick and obtuse at their ends. The length of the first one exceeds the article, and 
increases on the following spines up to the last dorsal ones, which are equal to two 
and a half or three articles; these are pointed and comparatively thinner than the 
ventral spines. The surface of all these spines is rough or even covered with small, 
conical, and pointed asperities, which are put very close together. The two lateral 
rows of spines are not approximated dorsally. 

The tentacular scale, which is always single, is small and short, conical or 
lanceolated; its surface is rough or it is even provided on its sides and at its end 
with extremely small spinules. 


OPHIACANTHA LINEATA Kehler. 
Ophiacantha lineata Kaeuier (09), p. 187, pl. 25, figs. 6-8. 


Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 
440 fathoms; co. ers. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30’” W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen. 

Both specimens are small and the diameter of the disk does not exceed 5 mm.; 
moreover, they are in a very bad state, the arms are broken at their base or preserved 
only for a very short length; besides, some rubbing has taken place, which caused 
almost all the stumps of the upper face of the disk to be torn. Nevertheless, I 
found again the characters which I originally ascribed to O. lineata, and I think 
the specimens may be referred to that species. 

A very young example, the diameter of the disk of which did not exceed 2 mm., 
is associated with that from station 2415, and undoubtedly also belongs to O. lineata. 

6061°—Bull. 84—14—_7 


88 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIACANTHA PENTACRINUS Liitken. 


Plate 9, figs. 3-6. 
See for bibliography: 
Ophiacantha pentacrinus LUTKEN (69), pp. 46 and 99. > 
not Ophiacantha meridionalis LyMAN (69), p. 324. 
not Ophiacantha pentacrinus KeuuER (07), p. 319. 
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LyMaNn (78), p. 280. 
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LYMAN (82), p. 199. 
?Ophiacantha pentacrinus VERRILL (99a), pp. 324 and 334. 


Blake station 222. Feb. 16,1879. Lat. 13° 58’ 87’ N.; long. 61° 04’ 45’’ W. 
422 fathoms; s. oz.; temp. 42.5° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2117. Jan. 27,1884. Lat. 15° 24’ 40’ N.; long. 63° 31’ 30’; 
W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. One small specimen. 

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41’ N.; long. 79° 55’ W.; 
373 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7° F. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30’” W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 18° 34’ N.; long. 61° 03’ W.; 
281 fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen. 

Unfortunately, the specimens are not in a very good state of preservation; in 
nearly all of them the arms are incomplete, and in the four largest ones from station 
2664 the upper face of the disk is more or less damaged. In the latter specimens 
the diameter reaches from 5 to 5.5 mm.; in the others it varies between 3 and 4.5 mm. 

In my work on the Ophiurans of the Paris Museum (07, p. 319), I published, 
concerning O. pentacrinus, a few remarks and two drawings, one of which represents 
the under face of the disk and the other a few stumps of the upper face, after the 
three specimens which were gathered by the Blake and presented to the Jardin des 
Plantes by Agassiz under the name of O. pentacrinus. I beg to recall on the subject, 
that Lyman, after having described under the name of O. meridionalis an Ophia- 
cantha found in the Caribbean Sea between 237 and 327 fathoms (69, p. 324), had 
suggested that this species probably did not differ from O. pentacrinus Liitken, 
and he had definitely united it to the latter in his subsequent publications. Now, 
I have been able to examine the very type of O. pentacrinus described by Liitken, 
and preserved in the Copenhagen Museum; although this specimen, which is 
unique, is of very small size, since the diameter of the disk hardly reaches 3 mm., 
and although its arms are broken near their bases, its characters are, nevertheless, 
very plain. I have been most astonished to find that the three specimens of the 
Jardin des Plantes which are called O. pentacrinus are entirely different from it. 
On the contrary, I have noticed that all the specimens gathered by the Albatross at 
the three above-named stations were in perfect conformity with the type. The 
comparison was, besides, made easier by the presence, among the above-mentioned 
specimens of the Albatross, of two very small examples, which measure only 3 mm. 
across the disk and which have, consequently, dimensions identical with those of 
Liitken’s type. There can exist no doubt as to the determination of these 
specimens. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89 


As we have about O. pentacrinus only the description written in Danish by 
by Litken, of a very young specimen, unaccompanied with any figure, it will be 
useful to again describe the species from the Albatross specimens, supplementing 
the description with illustrations. 

The disk is rather thick; its outline is pentagonal and it is stronly gexcavated 
in the interradial spaces. The upper face is covered with dense, very short and 
thin stumps, which are thicker at their bases and terminated by a few very thin 
and divergent spinules; the latter are equal and often amount to three. These 
stumps almost completely hide the outlines of the plates from which they start 
and which are very small. The radial shields are elongated and they generally 
cause a fairly visible swelling, but their external region alone is apparent and they 
are covered with stumps identical with the others over one-half or two-thirds of 
their length. The two shields of each pair are widely separated. 

The under face of the disk offers, in the interradial spaces, some plates which are 
larger than on the upper face, chiefly near the mouth shields, and with very distinct 
outlines; these plates bear stumps which rapidly become smaller than on the upper 
face and are reduced to the state of small, rough, and elongated granules before 
they reach the mouth shields. 

The latter are small, twice wider than long, triangular, with an acute proximal 
angle limited by two concave sides ang lateral angles now sharp, now slightly 
rounded; the convex distal side sometimes offers at its middle a short and widened 
little lobe, more or less apparent. The rather thick adoral plates are bent in the 
shape of a crescent, and thinner near their external end, which does not separate 
the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates, of middle 
size, are triangular. The oral papillz, amounting to three, are conical and pointed, 
and all have the same shape; the external one is sometimes a little more obtuse 
than the others at its end, but it is neither flattened nor widened. The single tooth 
papilla is thicker than the neighboring ones. There is sometimes a fourth supple- 
mentary oral papilla. Moreover, I observe that sometimes the first under brachial 
plate carries, on each side, a little papilla smaller than the others and advancing 
toward the tentacular mouth pore; this papilla is, moreover, often ill-shaped, or 
even completely lacking. 

The arms are very moniliform owing to the enormous swelling which the lateral 
brachial plates offer in their distal region; the middle part of the articles is, on the 
contrary, very much narrowed. The upper brachial plates, which are middle-sized, 
are triangular with an acute proximal angle and a distal sidewhich is almost straight 
on the first articles and afterwards becomes more and more convex; at first they 
are wider than long and then they become almost as long as wide. These plates 
strongly bulge out on their dorsal face and are separated by a very wide space, 
which is almost as long as the plates themselves on the large specimens and becomes 
still longer on the small ones. Sometimes the distal side is resolved into two short 
sides which can even be slightly concave and join by an obtuse angle. 

The first under brachial plate is sometimes trapezoidal, longer than wide, and 
narrow, with the proximal side wider than the distal side, which is rounded and has 
converging lateral sides, sometimes simply triangular with a rounded distal apex. 


90 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The second plate, which is already separated from the preceding one by the lateral 
plates, is very large, triangular, with a proximal angle limited by two almost straight 
sides, and a strongly convex distal side; it always remains wider than long. The 
proximal angle becomes more and more obtuse on the following plates, which are 
pentagonal, with two small lateral sides and a distal side which is always strongly 
convex. All these plates always remain fairly large, wider than long, and the space 
which separates them is larger as the examples aresmaller. Ihave found in Liitken’s 
type the confirmation of the fact that the under brachial plates, however small 
they may be, always remain wider than long. 

The lateral brachial plates bear on the whole length of their distal side, which 
is thickened and widened, at least seven spines on the first articles and sometimes 
eight in the largest specimens. The first three spines are not very large; they are 
almost equal and the third one reaches about the length of the article. These three 
spines are rather thick, cylindrical, with an obtuse end, and they show extremely 
fine and dense denticulations. Afterwards the length of the spines rapidly in- 
creases and the two or three last dorsal ones become extremely long, slender, pointed, 
transparent, with stronger and widely spaced denticulations, the number and size 
of which varies greatly. The length of the dorsal spines exceeds three articles at 
the bases of the arms, then it progressively decreases and finally does not exceed 
the article in the second half of the arm. The number of spines decreases beyond 
the first articles and remains five in number on the larger part of the length of the 
arms. On the first articles, the two rows are very approximate dorsally. 

The tentacular scale is small, spiniform, pointed, rough, or even provided with 
small asperities. 

O. pentacrinus does not seem to acquire great dimensions and the diameter of 
the disk ranges between 3 and 5.5 mm. 

O. pentacrinus has undoubtedly been mistaken by Lyman for another species 
in which the oral papilla is wide and flattened, a character which O. pentacrinus 
does not show in Liitken’s type. It is likely that the specimens gathered by the 
Blake and referred to by Lyman in 1883 under the name of O. meridionalis Lyman= 
O. pentacrinus Liitken, included a mixture of the two forms; these specimens ought 
to be sorted out. In any case, Lyman designated under the name of O. pentacrinus, 
a term which according to him was the synonym of O. meridionalis, some specimens 
which had their external oral papilla widened and flattened, since three specimens 
from the Blake which certainly have been determined by him, were sent to the 
Jardin des Plantes under the name of O. pentacrinus. Consequently, if after making 
the comparison with Liitken’s type, we keep the name of O. pentacrinus for an 
Ophiacantha the external oral papilla of which is not widened but preserves the 
same shape as the other two, we may give the name of 0. meridionalis to the neigh- 
boring species which Lyman had confused with it and in which the said papilla is 
widened and flattened. Now, I find among the Ophiurans gathered by the Albatross 
some specimens which offer precisely the same character, and I shall describe them 
further under the name of O. meridionalis. 

The characters of O. pentacrinus do not seem to me to have been better dis- 
tinguished by Verrill; what is more, I notice a contradiction in the two passages 


Pee. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91 


of his paper on the Ophiurans of North America which he published in 1899. In 
fact, he writes (99a, p. 324), ‘‘arm spines, six upper ones very slender,” and a 
little further on (p. 334), ‘‘spines nine or ten long very slender,” ete. 

One can see that the examination of Liitken’s type was a necessity, and, 
as I was fortunate enough to be able to make it, I hope that the characters of O. pen- 
tacrinus are now fixed. 

I have pointed out above that all the specimens of 0. pentacrinus were of 
rather small size, and it might perhaps be thought that they represent only the 
young form of another Ophiacantha. Now, among the forms of the Atlantic with 
which they might be compared I see none which may be cited, except O. Sraterna, 
which shows a likeness in the arrangement of the three oral papillsee which remain 
equal and subacute. But O. pentacrinus is plainly distinct from the latter 
through its moniliform arms offering elongated articles and brachial spines which on 
the upper side become very long, thin, pointed, transparent, denticulated, with 
the rows closely approximated on the first articles. The upper brachial plates 
are strongly bulging out and widely separated, as are also the under plates. None 
of these characters exists in O. fraterna. 

I approximate to O. pentacrinus, without daring, however, actually to refer 
them to this species, three very small specimens from station 2117 (plate 9, figs. 5, 6), 
which bear No. 12495. The diameter of the disk does not exceed 3 mm. and the 
arms are slender and moniliform. The brachial spines and the covering of the 
upper face of the disk show the same characters as in 0. pentacrinus, but there are 
four oral papille, the external one being inserted on the first under brachial plate; 
the upper brachial plates are very small and separated by a very large space, 
and lastly the under brachial plates, which at first were broad, become rapidly 
longer than wide. These plates reach their maximum length between the sixth 
and the tenth plates, then the length progressively decreases. I beg to represent 
here a specimen in which the under plates display the maximum relative length. 

I do not see to what other species this Ophiacantha might be approximated; 
I dare not make a new species of it, owing to the small size of the examples which are 
probably young ones. 


OPHIACANTHA MERIDIONALIS Lyman. 
Plate 9, figs. 1-2. 


Ophiacantha meridionalis LyMAN (69), p. 324. 
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus Lyman (78), p. 280. 
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LyMAN (82), p. 199. 
Ophiacantha pentacrinus Kauurr (07), p. 319. 


Blake station 222. Feb. 16, 1879. Lat. 13° 58’ 37’’ N.; long. 61° 04’ 45’ W.; 
422 fathoms; s. oz.; temp. 42.5° F. 

Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22’ N.; long. 78° 07’ 30” W.; 
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41’ N.; long. 79° 55’ W.; 
373 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7° F. A few specimens. 


92 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


In most samples from station 2664, the diameter of the disk varies between 
5 and 6.5 mm., and in that of station 2655 it reaches 7 mm. Almost all the speci- 
mens have their arms broken, and the length of such as remain whole varies between 
30 and 35 mm. 

I have been able to ascertain that these specimens are in perfect conformity 
with the three samples from the dredgings of the Blake, which I mentioned when 
describing O. pentacrinus and which were given by Agassiz to the Jardin des Plantes 
under the name of O. pentacrinus. These three specimens were evidently deter- 
mined by Lyman, who had in hand the Ophiurans from the Blake; they are a little 
smaller than the specimens from the Albatross, the diameter of the disk ranging 
from 2.8 to4mm. All three have their external oral papilla flattened and widened, 
and the name of O. pentacrinus can not be applied to them, as I have explained 
above. I therefore suggest reserving for these individuals the name of O. meridion- 
alis, a denomination which has undoubtedly been applied by Lyman to a certain 
number of similar specimens. In order to clear up any confusion, I think I had 
better give of that species a somewhat detailed description, and two photographs 
which reproduce respectively the dorsal and the ventral faces. 

The disk is rounded, not at all excavated in the interradial spaces; it is rather 
thick and the upper face is more or less bulging. But this face is completely covered 
by small, very dense, elongated and fairly thin spines which display on their surfaces 
a few more or less developed asperities or irregular denticulations, and are terminated 
by a few rather scarce and unequal spinules which amount to two or three only. 
These little spines completely hide the outlines of the adjacent plates. Sometimes 
there are seen radial ribs which are little protruding, but the radial shields them- 
selves are partly covered by stumps and their distal part alone is visible; they are 
widely separated. 

On the under face of the disk, the small spines become less and less important, 
as they come nearer to the mouth shields, and they are finally reduced to the state of 
mere conical, rough granules; the underlying plates then become apparent; they are 
very small, rounded, and more or less imbricated. The genital slits are elongated 
and broad. 

The mouth shields, which are of middle size, have a shape analogous to that of 
O. pentacrinus, that is to say, they are triangular, much wider than long, with an 
obtuse proximal angle limited by two straight sides, rounded lateral angles and a 
convex distal side which often shows in its middle a little lobe, which, by the way, 
is very variable in size. The adoral plates are elongated, fairly narrow, with 
parallel sides which are almost straight; they are from three to three and a half 
times longer than wide, inwardly contiguous, and they outwardly build, although 
without growing wider, a more or less conspicuous blade which separates the mouth 
shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are fairly high and 
triangular. The oral papille number three on each side; the external one is 
widened, flattened, and squamiform, without, however, offering an excessive 
development, and the other two are conical and pointed. The dental papilla, 
which is single, is strong and conical. 

The arms are moniliform, less so, however, than in O. pentacrinus. The shape 
of the upper brachial plates very much recalls that observed in this latter species; 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93 


they are, though, a little less bulging, and they become a little longer than wide. 
They are always separated by a fairly long space which, however, remains inferior 
to their length. 

The first under brachial plate is trapezoidal, wider than long, with a wide and 
convex proximal side, a smaller and rounded distal side toward which converge 
the lateral sides, which are small and straight; it is separated from the second one 
by the lateral plates, but sometimes, however, the proximal angle of the former 
gets elongated so as to reach the distal edge of the first plate. The second ventral 
plate is generally triangular with a still obtuse proximal angle which is limited by 
two almost straight sides and a very wide and convex distal side; sometimes, 
however, it is already pentagonal with two small lateral sides; it is always wider 
than long. The succeeding plates become pentagonal with an obtuse proximal 
angle, short lateral sides and a rounded distal side; they always remain much wider 
than long. The space which separates these plates becomes longer and longer 
until it finally reaches twice their length; in fact, from the middle of the arms, these 
plates become very short and, besides, comparatively small, although they always 
remain wider than long. The lateral plates are fairly widened in their distal part, 
but they are, however, less thick than in O. pentacrinus. They carry seven and 
even eight spines on the first articles. These spines recall those of O. pentacrinus; 
however, the ventral spines are thinner at the ends and their denticulations are 
stronger and more loosely arranged; besides, their length increases in a more regular 
manner from the first ventral spine, which is almost equal to the article, to the dorsal 
spines, the last two or three of which reach about the length of three articles. These 
spines show denticulations which lie rather loosely, are thin and pointed, a little 
more numerous on the ventral than on the dorsal spines; the rows are very much 
approximated dorsally. The length of the dorsal spines progressively decreases 
from the bases of the arms upward, and their length finally equals one and a half 
articles at the same time as the number of the spines decreases. 

The tentacular scale, rather small, is spiniform, pointed and fairly rough. 

Connections and differences—O. meridionalis is evidently very closely allied to 
O. pentacrinus; the latter species, as I have stated above, corresponds to Lyman’s 
type, but it is at once distinguishable from it through the widened and flattened 
external oral papilla, which creates a difference which alone is sufficient to separate 
the two species. There are, besides, other distinctive characters. In all the sam- 
ples of O. meridionalis which I know the disk is rounded, not excavated in the 
interradial spaces, while in all the specimens of O. pentacrinus from the Albatross, 
as well as in Lyman’s type, these spaces are not only excavated but they are deeply 
notched. The upper face of the disk is covered with real little spines, which are 
slender and show on their surface some rugosities or denticulations and are ended 
by short spinules, while in O. pentacrinus there are short stumps ending in three 
elongated and diverging spinules. The first three brachial spines are more pointed 
and their length increases more progressively than in 0. meridionalis; lastly, the 
adoral plates are elongated, not very thick, with almost straightand parallel sides 
in O. meridionalis, and they separate the mouth shield from the first lateral 
brachial plate, while in O. pentacrinus they are thicker, grow outwardly thinner and 
do not exceed the mouth shield. 


94 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


These two species do not seem likely to reach a large size, and the diameter of 
the disk does not exceed 6 mm. in the examples which I know. 

The question might be asked, as it has been for O. pentacrinus, whether O. 
meridionalis may not be a young form of alarge species, for instance, O. aculeata, 
because O. meridionalis has, like the latter, the external oral papilla widened; but 
the above hypothesis can not be upheld. For in O. meridionalis the upper face of 
the disk is provided with small spines instead of the short stumps which appear in 
O. aculeata; the arms are moniliform, the lateral brachial plates, strongly protruding 
and swollen in their distal part, carry spines which become very long and thin on 
the dorsal side, a character which is lacking in O. aculeata. Neither can O. merid- 
ionalis be mistaken for a young specimen of O. bidentata. 

O. composita Keebler, which is met with in the Atlantic Ocean, also recalls 
O. meridionalis by its widened external oral papilla, but differs from it by the upper 
face of the disk being covered with short stumps andending in a crown of numerous 
thin and short spinules which are generally arranged in a regular manner, by its 
nonmoniliform arms which offer comparatively small dorsal plates which are as long 
as wide, completely flat and without any trace of bulging; by its under brachial 
plates which are remarkably widened, and lastly by its brachial spines which 
always remain shorter, dorsally, than in 0. meridionalis. 

OPHIACANTHA VEPRATICA Lyman. 
Plate 13, fig. 6. 
Ophiacantha vepratica LYMAN (78), p. 137, pl. 10, figs. 245-247. 
Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman (82), p. 182, pl. 13, figs. 7-9. 
Ophiacantha vepratica LYMAN (88), p. 261. 

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 440 
fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Numerous specimens. 

Albatross station 2416. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 31° 26’ N.; long. 79° 07’ W.; 
276 fathoms; co. brk. sh.; temp. 53.8° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35’ N.; long. 77° 30’ W.; 
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2661. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 16’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 36’ 
30’’ W.; 438 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 45.5° F. Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 421 
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens. 

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30” W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 30’ 
W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Several specimens. 

Albatross station 2669. May 5, 1886. Lat. 31° 09’ N.; long. 79° 33’ 30’” W.; 
352 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 43.7° F. Six specimens. 

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34’ N.; long. 61° 03’ W.; 281 
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. Several specimens. 

The study of the many specimens gathered by the Albatross enables me to 
complete Lyman’s description or perhaps to correct it on some points. 


‘re 


a " 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 


O. vepratica was established by him for four specimens, two of which are young 
ones; in the type, the diameter of the disk measured 6.5 mm.; the specimens from 
the Albatross are generally a little larger and the diameters of their disks usually 
range between 7 and 8 mm. 

Lyman characterized 0. vepratica, among other things, by the presence on the 
upper face of the disk of granules with which a few short spines were mixed, and 
these spines were represented by him on various drawings (78, pl. 10, fig. 246, and 
82, pl. 13, fig. 8); now, among the many hundreds of specimens which I have been 
able to examine, I have not found a single one bearing spines on the upper face of 
the disk. In all of them the disk offers an extremely regular covering of granules 
which are somewhat irregular in thickness, but all of which reach the same height; 
these granules are large and elongated and their shape is that of an extremely short 
cylinder, ending in a small swollen head; this head is covered with extremely small, 
short, pointed, and dense spinules, which are hardly visible except through the 
microscope. The radial shields are small, in the shape of very much elongated 
and narrow triangles, widely separated. All these details can be ascertained on 
dry specimens only, on which may easily be seen the limits of the upper plates of 
the disk, these plates carrying each a very short cylindrical stump. 

The upper face of the disk thus shows some characters and an appearance 
which are fairly different from what Lyman pointed out, and I should never have 
been so daring as to refer my specimens to O. vepratica had not the Jardin des 
Plantes possessed a specimen of that species from the dredgings of the Blake and 
determined by Lyman, the examination of which enabled me to fix my own deter- 
mination. This example, though very small, since the diameter of his disk is only 
4 mm., is altogether in conformity with the specimens from the Albatross; especially 
is the upper face completely deprived of spines and bears only some elongated 
granules which are very rough, ending in very conspicuous spinules, which are 
absolutely identical with those observed by me on my own specimens. 

The mouth pieces are disposed as indicated by Lyman. The under brachial 
plates are very large and wide; they are first wider than long and then they become 
as long as wide; a few concentric striw are seen on their surface as well as on that 
of the lateral plates. The tentacular scale is large and fairly wide, somewhat rough; 
there are sometimes two such scales on the tentacular pores of the first pair, and 
in this case the external scale is smaller than the internal one. The spines amount 
to eight at the base of the arms; Lyman indicates only seven of them in his deserip- 
tion, but on his drawing (82, pl. 13, fig. 9) he reproduced eight; these spines seem 
to be smooth when seen with the naked eye, but through the microscope they 
appear covered with numerous denticulations which are exceedingly small, pointed, 
short, and dense. The two rows of spines are more approximated dorsally than 
represented by Lyman. 

O. vepratica was found by the Challenger at latitude 28° S. and longitude 
177° W., at a depth of 600 fathoms, near the Fiji Islands. It was afterwards met 
with by the Blake in several localities of the West Indies, near Nevis Island, 
Barbados, Martinique, St. Vincent, and Grenada, in depths of 291-476 fathoms, 
as well as at station 41 in 860 fathoms. 

Lyman has done no more than cite the occurrence at the various above- 
mentioned localities without adding anything to his original description. 


96 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIACANTHA VIVIPARA Ljungman. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (12), p. 138. 


Albatross station 2769. Jan. 15, 1888. Lat. 45° 22’ S.; long. 64° 20’ W.; 
51.5 fathoms; gn. m. fne. s.; temp. 56.6° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2771. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 51° 34’ S.; long. 68° 00’ W.; 
50.5 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.4° F. Eleven specimens. 

One specimen from station 2769 is provided with six arms; all the others have 
seven. The diameter of the disk ranges between 9 and 19 mm. In all of them 
the upper face of the disk is covered with rounded granules except in the largest 
one, the granules of which are] somewhat elongated and conical. None of the 
specimens carries any young ones. 


OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOPRISTIS) PERMIXTA, new species. 
Plate 11, figs. 3-4. 


Albatross station 2665. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22’ N.; long. 78° 07’ 30” W.; 
338 fathoms; fne. gy. s.; temp. 45.2° F. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32296, U.S.N.M. 

This single specimen is, unfortunately, in very bad condition; one part of the 
upper face of the disk is lacking, and the latter has been stretched in one direction, 
which has somewhat altered its shape; moreover, three of the arms are broken 
on the level of their insertion on the disk, and are entirely lacking, the other two 
being preserved only to a length of scarcely one centimeter. However, all the 
characters of the species are very clear, and one can easily ascertain that they 
do not refer to any known form. 

The diameter of the disk measures 13 mm. in one direction and about 10 mm. 
in the other direction; the outline is pentagonal and the sides are almost straight. 

The upper face is covered all over with granules which are rounded, unequal, 
rough, and very closely arranged; besides, between these granules, there are fairly 
strong, elongated, conical, and pointed spines, the number of which is rather 
important. The whole somewhat reminds one of the arrangement known in 
Ophiolimna mixta (Lyman) or littoralis Koehler; but here the granules lie more 
closely and the spines (the shape of which, by the way, is different) are much more 
pointed. The underlying plates are completely invisible, and so are the radial 
shields. But the covering of the-upper face of the disk does not stop at the issue 
of the arms, for the granules extend to a certain length of the upper face of the arms, 
that is to say on four or five articles at least. But these granules, instead of remain- 
ing rounded as they were on the disk, grow longer and become completely conical 
and pointed; they are at least twice higher than wide, and they may henceforth 
be called small spines. These pointed granules can not be compared with the 
large spines of the upper face of the disk, which stop at the margin of the latter 
and do not extend on the upper face of the arms. These little conical granules 
first lie fairly close at the base of the arms; then they rapidly become few and far 
between until they are finally lodged near the distal margin of the upper brachial 
plates in the median part of the said margin. On the last article preserved they 
amount to four, and I do not know on how much more of the arm they may occur. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 


The under part of the disk in the interradial spaces appears covered with 
imbricated and distinct scales, especially in its proximal half. It shows, near the 
margin, spines which are rather close to one another, and identical with those of 
the upper face, but the granules are very scarce; the spines are farther apart and 
shorter proximally, advancing, however, up to the neighborhood of the mouth 
shields. 

The latter are very large. Their chief part is triangular, wider than long, 
with a fairly sharp proximal angle, the apex of which, though, is generally somewhat 
rounded and limited by two straight or slightly incurved sides; the side angles are 
broadly rounded, and the distal side is occupied on most of its length by a wide and 
much protruding lobe, having a rectangular shape, rounded lateral angles, and a 
free margin, which is itself rounded and may carry one or two spines identical with 
the neighboring ones. The adoral plates are extremely thin and most elongated; 
they become a little thicker internally and grow up so as to lean against each other 
for a certain length, following the interradial median line; they also grow a little 
wider outwardly, embracing the external angle of the mouth shield, but they supply 
only an extremely narrow blade, which scarcely separates this shield from the first 
brachial side plate; their two margins are slightly sinuous, and the free margin is 
rather deeply notched on the level of the large tentacular oral pore. The oral 
plates are large, high, and quadrangular, with parallel margins. They show on 
their free edge a set of oral papilla, of medium size, conical and pointed; then, on 
the level of the tentacular oral pore, there appear two very long cylindrical and 
pointed spines, which are of equal size, one of which is still inserted on the oral 
plate, while the other issues from the adoral plate. On the under face itself of the 
oral plates I observed in but one case a papilla located near the distal edge. At 
the proximal end of each oral plate there is found a large conical papilla, larger than 
the neighboring oral papille, but it does not seem to me that there should be other 
papille in the same region, although I find in one place two very unimportant little 
swellings; moreover, these parts are far from being entire. 

The first upper brachial plates have their outlines almost completely hidden 
by the conical granules which cover them all over; they seem to me likely to be 
more or less divided up. The plates which come next to the aforesaid, and only 
two or three of which are preserved, are rather narrow, a little longer than wide, 
triangular, with a rounded proximal angle limited by two slightly convex sides, 
joining by broadly rounded angles the very convex distal side. All the preserved 
plates are contiguous. 

The first under brachial plate is elongated and narrow, triangular, with a 
concave distal side and a very acute proximal angle; it is already separated from 
the second one. All the other succeeding plates may be considered as pentagonal, 
with an extremely obtuse proximal angle, limited by two concave sides, two diver- 
gent lateral sides, which are deeply excavated by the large corresponding tentacular 
pores and united to the distal side by elongated and acute angles; this distal side is 
very wide and shows in its middle a strong notch. The proximal part of the plates 
is always narrower than the distal part, and these plates are narrowed in their 
middle. They are all longer than wide and widely separated by the lateral plates. 


98 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The latter are not protruding and each bears five spines, which remain applied 
on the lateral faces of the arms. The first under spine, which is cylindrical with a 
blunt point, is a little longer than the article, but the length does not grow much 
up to the last one. The following spines are flattened and they may bear on their 
edges, and more especially on their upper edge, extremely strong and protruding 
teeth, which are broadly conical and sharp; these teeth are often few, but then they 
are generally widely set apart; they are more numerous on the spines of the first 
articles. Moreover, it seems to me that the spines appear especially flattened and 
strongly denticulated on the first brachial articles only, while they assume beyond 
that point a more cylindrical shape at the same time as the teeth disappear, but as 
I can study their characters only on very short arm pieces, I can not possibly assert 
anything on the subject. 

The tentacular pores are rounded and extremely large; their diameter exceeds 
half the length of the article. I have previously said that each of the tentacular 
oral pores carried on its interradial edge two very long and thick spines; they are, 
in fact, as long as one and a half brachial articles; on the contrary, the radial edge 
of these pores is completely unarmed. The following two or three pairs of pores 
are absolutely deprived of spines and not until the third or fourth pore does appear, 
near the middle of the external side of the brachial under plate, a pretty thin spine, 
which is very long, as long in fact as two-thirds of the article; this spine represents 
the single tentacular scale of each brachial pore. The two spines of the same article 
are parallel and pretty regularly directed toward the extremity of the arm. I have 
not succeeded in finding any indication either of a second spine or of a second 
tentacular scale, although, in spite of their thinness, most of the spines are preserved, 
and where they have been torn away the small tubercles on which they were inserted 
can easily be recognized. If there were a second spine, a trace of it could certainly 
be found, so that I think I am justified in stating that each tentacular brachial pore 
has a single scale in the shape of a long and thin spine, inserted on the radial edge 
and lacking on the first articles. 

The color of the sample in alcohol is white. 

Connections and differences.—O. permixta is evidently closely allied to O. cervi- 
cornis described by Lyman (88, p. 257) from specimens found by the Blake in the 
Caribbean Sea, between 208 and 573 fathoms, and which Verrill classified in his 
genus Ophiopristis (99 a, pp. 336, 337, 338, and 347). But the new species is clearly 
distinct from the latter, owing to the spines of the tentacular oral pore being 
only two, owing to there being one spine only instead of two on the radial 
edge of the brachial tentacular pores, and lastly, owing to the very different 
shape of the mouth shields, which display a very wide distal lobe. I can not com- 
pare the two species regarding the disk armature and the number of the brachial 
spines. In fact, Lyman says ‘‘disk densely beset with short rounded pointed spines,” 
and he indicates five brachial spines (83, p. 258), while Verrill writes (99 a, p. 347): 
“Disk and radial shields covered with fine granules and small acute spines,” and 
at the same time he indicates six brachial spines, while in the same work, a few 
pages before (p. 336), he mentions only five. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99 


OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) AFFINIS, new species. 
Plate 13, figs. 1-3. 


Albatross station 2156. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 35’’ N.; long. 82° 21’ 
55’’ W.; 278 fathoms; co.; temp. 59.8° F. One specimen (type). 

Albatross station 2321. Jan. 17,1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ W.; 
230 fathoms; fne. gy. s. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2346. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 200 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2348. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 211 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Type—Cat. No. 7178, U.S.N.M. 

The diameter of the disk ranges from 14 to 16 mm., and in one of the specimens 
from station 2321, it does not exceed 11 or 12mm. The arms are seldom complete 
and they are broken at a certain distance from the base, but they are long, and, in 
the smallest example from station 2321, one arm, which remains complete, measures 
110mm. Besides, the specimens are generally not in very good condition and they 
have undergone some friction which has often taken away part of the spines of the 
upper face of the disk; this face itself is sometimes torn. 

This species is very interesting because it recalls, by several characters, Ophio- 
pristis ensifera of Verrill, while by some others it is near Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) 
valenciennesi. I shall describe it chiefly from the sample from station 2156, the 
diameter of the disk of which reaches 15 mm., and two arms of which are preserved 
to a certain length (70 and 55 mm., respectively). 

The disk is rounded or subpentagonal. The upper face, slightly convex, is 
covered with small, thin, imbricated plates, the outlines of which are well per- 
ceived only when the spines borne by them are removed. Each of them is 
provided with a short and conical spine, which is very thick at its base, so as to 
beset a large part of the surface of the plate, two or two-and-a-half times longer 
than wide and provided on its surface with fairly strong asperities which often 
become a little more conspicuous at the end of the spine, where there are always two 
or three of them. These spines always leave bare the radial shields, the outlines 
of which are quite apparent; the latter are small, oval, or triangular, with rounded 
angles, one-and-a-half times longer than wide, and widely separated by several 
rows of plates, the middle one of which often includes two or three plates which 
are larger than the others. 

The under face of the disk is covered in the interradial spaces with plates 
identical with those of the upper face, but deprived of spines, and extending as 
far as the mouth shields. The genital slits are long and narrow. 

The mouth shields are large and widened and recall those of Ophiopristis 
ensifera of Verrill; they are triangular with a fairly open proximal angle which is 
limited by straight or slightly incurved sides; the lateral angles are very wide and 
strongly rounded; finally the distal side offers in its middle a wide lobe which does 
not very strongly protrude into the interradial space; these shields are one-and-a- 
half times wider than long. The adoral plates are narrow and greatly elongated, 
inwardly widened, and they rest against each other, following the interradial 
median line, for a fairly important length; they become narrower in their middle 


100 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


region and wider again outwardly, where they build a blade which, besides, is very 
thin, and which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. 
The oral plates are very high and narrow, and do not exceed the middle of the adoral 
plates. The oral plates bear on their free edge a sometimes rather irregular row of 
oral papille which most generally amount to seven; these papille are conical, 
elongated and rather narrow, with an obtuse end; sometimes there are one or two 
supplementary papill intercalated among the normal ones, breaking the arrange- 
ment of the latter. The two external papille scarcely differ from their neighbors; 
they are, however, a little shorter and also slightly more widened and more obtuse, 
but they can hardly be said to offer a peculiar differentiation. This row of oral 
papille suddenly stops outwardly, and it scarcely reaches the third part or the 
middle of the tentacular mouth pore which remains absolutely unarmed around 
its entire outline. In none of the specimens do I observe the slightest indication of 
papille, either on the external or the internal side of this pore, neither do I observe 
it on the under face of the oral plate. At the extremity of the jaws, there appear 
sometimes two and sometimes three large tooth papille. 

The shape of the upper brachial plates suggests that of Ophiopristis ensifera. 
These plates are, however, comparatively a little wider than in the latter species, 
and, besides, their shape is plainly triangular and not lozengelike; they offer, over 
their whole length, a slight median crest. The very obtuse proximal angle is 
limited by two slightly convex sides; the convex distal side offers, in its middle, a 
small lobe which corresponds to the median keel; the lateral angles are very sharp. 
On the first brachial articles, the median protuberance of the distal side is more 
conspicuous, and this side itself may be resolved into two sides which meet by a 
protruding and very obtuse angle. These plates are almost twice wider than long 
and they are all contiguous. 

The first brachial under plate is fairly small, trapezoidal, with a proximal side 
which is larger than the distal side; these two sides are slightly convex and the 
lateral sides are diverging. The following plates are pentagonal with a very obtuse 
proximal angle, diverging lateral sides which are very widely excavated by the cor- 
responding tentacular scales, and a very wide and strongly convex distal side. In 
the largest specimens the first two or three plates have their proximal angle opened 
to such an extent that it almost reaches 180° and the outline then becomes simply 
rectangular. These under brachial plates are, first, much wider than long, then 
they become narrower and just as wide as long, and finally they are longer than 
wide; they always remain contiguous. The middle of each plate is slightly pro- 
truding, chiefly near the proximal angle. On the surface of these plates and mainly 
at a certain distance from the disk, one can see a mark consisting of two lines which, 
starting from each antero-lateral angle, meet at an acute angle at a certain distance 
in front of the distal side. This mark is not nearly so plain at the beginning of the 
arms, where, besides, the two lines form a less acute angle; it is analogous to that 
which Lyman has indicated in Ophiacantha placentigera, a species which Verrill 
also has classified in his genus Ophiotreta, but here it extends over a greater length 
of the plate. 

The lateral plates have on their distal side, which is fairly protruding and 
thickened, five flattened, transparent spines which are provided on their edges 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101 


with extremely small, dense, and regular denticulations; these denticulations appear 
almost on the whole length of the spines, excepting just near their basis, and they 
become a little stronger toward the end. The length of the spines increases from 
the first ventral, which reaches or even exceeds one-and-a-half articles, to the 
last dorsal one which equals at least two-and-a-half articles; this latter spine is 
often narrower than the others. On the large specimens one often finds seven 
spines on the first articles, then they fall back to six and finally to five. 

The tentacular scales first amount to two, a figure which is maintained over 
a certain length of the arms, sometimes even over three centimeters, then, after 
some irregularities, there finally remains but one tentacular scale. The external 
scale is always much more developed than the internal one; it is large, triangular, 
very much widened at the base and its end is pointed except on the first articles 
where it is wider and almost oval; the surface is rough. The internal scale, partly 
covered by the foregoing one, is shorter and narrower and its apex, which is less 
pointed, often offers one or two little spinules. These two scales extend regularly, 
with the characters I have just described, on to a certain number of articles; then, 
at a variable distance from the base of the arms, the internal scale is seen to dis- 
appear, either on one side or on the other, or on both sides at the same time, then 
it appears again a little further on to disappear again and sometimes to reappear 
once more, all of it in a very irregular manner. Sometimes after a large number of 
articles which show but one tentacular scale on each side, one sees the internal scale 
suddenly appear again on a single article, either on the right or on the left. Be it as 
it may, the external scale finally persists alone until the end of the arms. The pores 
of the first pair have sometimes three scales which are then smaller than the two 
normal ones. 

The color of the specimens in alcohol is a light brownish-yellow identical with 
what is known in O. valenciennesi, but that from station 2348 is simply greyish. 
One can still trace two fairly wide longitudinal lines, of a somewhat darker brown, 
which run on each side along the upper median line of the arms. 

Connections and differences.—This species is very interesting, because, as I have 
pointed out above, it recalls both Ophiopristis ensifera and Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) 
valenciennesi. The arrangement of the oral papille does not permit its being 
classified in the genus Ophiopristis of Verrill, but the shape of the upper and under 
brachial plates, as well as that of the mouth shields, the presence of fairly large 
radial shields and the armature of the plates of the upper face of the disk consisting 
of small and short echinulated spines, recall Ophiopristis ensifera. O. affinis 
is near the few species classified by Verrill in his subgenus Ophiotreta, and chiefly 
near O. valenciennesi with which it was even associated at station 2321. It plainly 
differs from the latter species by the tentacular scales, two of which appear on a 
certain part of the length of the arms and have quite a different shape, by the 
mouth shields being large and broadly widened instead of small and elongated, 
by the scales of the disk being armed with real little spines instead of mere granules, 
by the brachial spines being beset with denticulations over their whole length 
and not only in the terminal part, and chiefly by the shape of the external oral 
papillz which are hardly different from the preceding ones. Owing to this latter 
character, O. affinis has its place just at the limit of the genus Ophiotreta. 


102 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) SERTATA (Lyman). 


Ophiomitra sertata Lyman (69), p. 326. 

Ophiomitra sertata LyMAN (78), p. 231. 

Ophiacantha sertata LYMAN (82), p. 198. 

Ophiacantha sertata LyMAN (88), p. 261. 

Ophiotreta sertata VERRILL (99), pp. 40 and 54. 
Ophiotreta sertata VERRILL (99a), pp. 336, 337, 338, 348. 
Ophiacantha sertata K@uHLER (07), p. 321. 


Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 213 fathoms; co. Four specimens. 

Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22’ N.; long. 78° 07’ 30”’ W.; 
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. One specimen. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 5 and 8 mm.; the specimens from 
Station 2350 are in a fairly good state; the others have most of their arms broken 
near the base. . 

This species was placed by Verrill in his subgenus Ophiotreta. The description 
which Lyman published in 1869 is very complete and little has been added to it 
since. In 1907, I published a drawing of the under face after two specimens from 
the dredgings of the Blake which were given to the Jardin des Plantes. 

I find again, on the distal side of the mouth shields, the few little spines which 
were reported by Lyman. The brachial spines are more or less flattened and 
translucent. Lyman wrote, in 1869, that the spines, amounting to seven, were all 
rough; in both specimens in the Jardin des Plantes, the spines are provided with 
fairly minute and dense denticulations. In the specimen from station 2655, these 
denticulations are a little stronger and, besides, somewhat irregular and unequal; 
among those from station 2350, the said denticulations are a little more apparent 
on the largest specimens. The brachial pores of the first pair often carry two scales, 
as I indicated in 1907. 

The first upper brachial plates are often contiguous at the bases of the arms, 
chiefly on the somewhat large specimens, then they part. In no specimen are 
there any granules on the oral plates and the radial shields are always distinct; 
both these characters allow O. sertata to be distinguished from O. lineolata to which 
it is closely allied. 


OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) VALENCIENNESI Lyman. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 188. 
Albatross station 2320. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39” N.; long. 82° 18’ 
48’’ W.; 130 fathoms; fne. co. Two specimens. 
Albatross station 2321. Jan.17,1885. Lat. 23°10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82°18’ W.; 
230 fathoms; fne. gy. s. Three specimens. 


Albatross station 2334. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 
24’’ W.; 67 fathoms; wh. co. One specimen. 


—— <” &. 
; 

, 

/ 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 103 


Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 20° 44’’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Fifteen specimens. 

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 21° 56’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 421 
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen. 

Havana. One specimen. 

The shape of the mouth shields varies somewhat, the proximal angle being 
more or less elongated and pointed, but they are always longer than wide. The 
granules of the upper face of the disk extend generally over to the first one or two 
upper brachial plates, and, on certain specimens, especially on some from station 
2415, one may observe on the plates at the bases of the arms, from two to four very 
short spines which start from the middle of the distal side. 

I have already called attention to the wide geographical range of O. valen- 
ciennesi (06, p. 293, and 09, p. 189). The discovery of this species at station 2334 
is very interesting since it shows that it can come up as high as 67 fathoms. I have 
examined with special attention the specimen from that station; though rather 
small, the diameter of the disk not exceeding 7 mm., it is quite characteristic and 
there can be no doubt as to its identity. 


OPHIOMITRELLA AMERICANA, new species. 
Plate 15, figs. 1-2. 


A single example found on a branch of Platycaulis danielsseni. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32297, U.S.N.M. 

The diameter of the disk reaches 6.5 mm. The arms are not complete; they 
are preserved to a length of 12 to 15 mm. and could not have been very long. 

The disk is subpentagonal. The upper face is covered with fairly thick and 
sharply outlined plates, rather large, somewhat unequal, polygonal, with moreor 
less rounded angles and not imbricated. These plates bear large thick globules 
which are a little higher than wide and cylindrical with rounded ends and carry 
very short, fine, and pointed spinules. The smaller plates bear but one globule 
each but most of them have two and few have even three; nevertheless these glob- 
ules always remain broadly separated from each other and are relatively few; 
they lie closer to one another only at the margin of the disk. The radial shields, 
of medium size, are larger than the largest plates of the disk, triangular, with a 
plainly rounded proximal apex; they are as long as wide or a little longer than 
wide; their surface is completely bare, but on their external edge are found a certain 
number of granules, amounting to about half a dozen, identical with those existing 
on the margin of the disk. These shields are wide apart and the intervals between 
them are beset by plates which are usually arranged in one row only and may reach: 
a large size. The under face of the disk is covered all over with plates similar to 
those of the upper face, but smaller, somewhat inbricated, and carrying granules 
which, on the margin, are identical with those of the upper face which they succeed; 
these granules become smaller and less rough as they lie nearer the mouth shields. 
The genital slits are very wide. 

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, much wider than long, with an 
elongated proximal angle which has a rounded apex; the two lateral sides, slightly 
excavated, meet the strongly convex distal edge by rounded angles; in the middle 
. 6061°—Bull. 84—14 8 


104 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


of the said distal edge there is a little lobe which is not very conspicuous. The 
adoral plates are elongated, three times longer than wide, with parallel and slightly 
incurvate sides; they are somewhat narrower inwardly and outwardly and they 
do not separate the mouth shields from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral 
plates are rather small and triangular. The oral papille, amounting to three on 
each side, are flattened, lanceolate, with a more or less blunt point; the external 
papilla is a little wider than the others. The odd terminal papilla is a little more 
developed than the next ones. The surface of these papille is covered with very 
fine rugosities. 

The first upper brachial plate is quadrangular and extremely short. The 
second is longer and much more developed but it still remains quadrangular with 
a very wide and convex distal side and divergent lateral sides. The following plates 
are rather large, triangular, with an acute proximal angle, a convex distal side and 
divergent lateral sides. Some globules, analogous to those of the upper face of the 
disk, appear on the first brachial plates; the first plate shows four or five such 
granules set in a row, generally on its distal margin; the second plate also displays, 
on its distal margin, a little row of three such globules; lastly, the seven or eight 
succeeding plates have each, on the middle of their distal margin, a single globule 
which is somewhat more elongated than the preceding ones. These globules seem 
to fall off easily and they are lacking on several plates; on one of the arms, however, 
I find them very regularly preserved up to and including the seventh plate; beyond 
it, they are always absent and I find no scar indicating their presence. 

The first under brachial plate, fairly large, is quadrangular, with a widened 
and almost straight proximal side, oblique lateral sides meeting, by means of 
rounded angles, the distal side, which is narrow and also rounded. The succeeding 
plates are fairly large and pentagonal, with a very obtuse proximal angle, straight 
lateral sides, and a very convex distal side, which often displays, in its middle and 
on the first plate, a small notch, more or less conspicuous. The second and third 
plates are a little wider than long; beyond them the plates become as wide as long, 
and finally a little longer than wide. They are separated from the second one. 

Each lateral plate, fairly protruding, carries on its distal side five spines, the 
length of which increases from the first ventral, which is equal to the article, to the 
fourth, equal to one and a half articles; the fifth spine is somewhat shorter. These 
spines are cylindrical, fairly pointed, and they bear dense and sharp asperities, 
some of which even rise to more conspicuous denticulations, which, however, are 
generally few in number. 

The tentacular scale, always single, is very large, widened and lanceolate, and 
its surface is rough; its length almost reaches that of the corresponding brachial 
plate. 

Connections and differences.—O. americana is very near O. globulifera (Kehler), 
which I have dredged on board the Caudan in the Bay of Biscay; it differs from it, 
first by the characters of the globules of the upper face of the disk, which are rounded, 
transparent, and completely smooth in O. globulifera. Moreover, the globules are 
completely lacking on the upper brachial plates in this latter species. The tentac- 
ular seale is stronger in O. americana, and the outlines of the mouth pieces are 
somewhat different in the two species. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105 


OPHIOMITRELLA LEVIS, new species. 
Plate 10, figs. 1 and 6. 


Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32298, U.S.N.M. 

Both specimens are small and the diameter of the disk does not exceed 4.5 to 5 
mm.; neither of them is complete, and the arms are broken more or less near the 
base. In the smaller one the disk is almost circular, whilst in the larger one it is 
pentagonal, with rather excavated interradial spaces. 

The upper face of the disk is indented at the base of the arms; it shows five 
pairs of protruding ribs, which succeed the very small radial shields and it offers in 
its central region a depression which follows each radius to the base of the arms 
between the radial shields. This face is covered with scales, which are very small, 
rounded, and imbricated; each of them bears a small stump, which is very wide 
at the base and becomes rapidly thinner, in the shape of a peduncle, becoming 
again wider at the end, which carries a crown of from six to eight very small diverging 
spinules very regularly arranged. These stumps are closely approximated to one 
another, owing to the small size of the plates which carry them; they form a very 
regular and uniform covering over the upper face of the disk. One perceives at the 
end of each radial rib a very narrow little shield, which is elongated, triangular, and 
has a bare and finely granulous surface. 

The under face of the disk offers in the interradial spaces a covering similar to 
that of the upper face, but the plates are less dense, and the stumps grow thinner 
at the same time as the terminal spinules are fewer and shorter, but these stumps 
extend up to the external edge of the mouth shields. The genital slits are plainly 
visible. 

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, with an acute proximal angle 
limited by two concave sides which join by sharp angles the distal side, which is very 
strongly convex; they are scarcely wider than long. The adoral plates are very 
much developed and remarkably wide, one and a half times longer than wide; they 
are narrowed in their distal part, and they do not separate the mouth shield from 
the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are rather small, triangular, fairly 
high. The oral papille number three on each side; they are middle-sized and 
conical, except the external papilla, which is rather obtuse; the odd terminal papilla 
is wide, thick, and strong, often with a truncated apex; the surface of these papillee 
is very rough. It should be noted that the distal sides of the mouth shields, of the 
adoral plates, and of the first under brachial plate, build together the sides of a 
regular pentagon, which is very conspicuous, has straight sides, and the angles of 
which, corresponding to the distal sides of the mouth shields, are rounded. 

The arms are moniliform. The first two upper brachial plates are triangular, 
with a rather acute proximal angle and a slightly convex distal side ; they are a little 
wider than long, and their dorsal surface is somewhat protruding. From the third 
plate upward this face becomes more convex at the same time as the proximal] 
angle gets rounded, and the distal side becomes wider as well as more convex ; the 
plates thus offering some likeness with the campanuliform type. They are separated 
from the base of the arm. 


106 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The first under brachial plate is fairly large, trapezoidal, with the proximal 
side widened and slightly excavated in its middle the lateral sides are oblique and 
they meet by rounded angles a small distal side; this plate is somewhat longer than 
wide in the smaller sample and, on the contrary, it is a little wider than long in the 
larger one. The next plates are large, pentagonal, with a proximal angle, which is 
still fairly well delineated on the second plate, but which afterwards becomes very 
obtuse; the lateral sides are narrow and the distal side is very wide and slightly 
convex. These plates are always much wider than long, and they are separated 
from the basis of the arm by an interval which becomes fairly long from the second 
plate upward. 

The lateral plates are fairly protruding and they carry nine spines each at the 
basis of the arms; the two rows on each side are very much approximated dorsally. 
The length of the spines increases from the first ventral one, which is shorter than 
the article upward, to the last two dorsal ones; the latter scarcely exceed one and a 
half articles at the basis of the arms, and afterwards become much shorter. 
These spines are thin, cylindrical, and pointed; they are provided with fine and 
dense denticulations, which are particularly obvious on the ventral spines, and less 
so on the dorsal side. 

The tentacular scale is small, conical, with a blunt point, and its surface is 
rough. 

Connections and differences.—Ophiomitrella levis seems to me to be very near 
O. levipellis (layman), which it recalls by its small size, by the shape of the upper 
and under brachial plates, by a like arrangement of the mouth pieces, ete. It 
differs from it in having the covering of the disk made of stumps regularly ending 
in a diverging bunch of minute spinules, whilst in O. levipellis these plates carry 
only some rounded globules which seem to be much caducous, for the plates are 
most often bare; the oral papillae regularly amount to three in the two examples of 
O. levis which I had in hand, whilst in O. levipellis they vary in number even in the 
same specimen. Lastly, the brachial spines are more strongly echinulated than 
in the new species. Though O. levipellis is likely to offer certain variations, which 
have been studied chiefly by Verrill (99 a, p. 343), these variations are of a kind 
which does not allow of O. levis being united with O. levipellis; especially the cover- 
ing of the upper face of the disk remains as a most striking characteristic of the new 


species. 
OPHIOMITRELLA L2VIPELLIS (Lyman). 


Plate 13, figs. 4-5. 
Ophiacantha levipellis Lyman (88), p. 259, pl. 6, figs. 82-84. 
Ophiomitrella levipellis VERRILL (99), pp. 39, 43. 
Ophiomitrella levipellis Verri (99a), pp. 326, 332, 343, and 352. 

Albatross station 2159. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long 82° 20’ 
08’’ W.; 98 fathoms; co. <A single specimen. 

The diameter of the disk is only 5 mm. The specimen is rather incomplete; 
two arms are completely lacking and the others are only partly preserved. The 
example is quite in conformity with Verrill’s description, which has completed and 
corrected Lyman’s, and the very small granules of the upper face of the disk are 
very few; I have, besides, compared it with a specimen determined by Verrill 
which has been sent to me by the United States National Museum. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107 
OPHIOMITRELLA PORRECTA, new species. 
Plate 12, figs. 5-6. 


Albatross station 2781. Feb. 4, 1888. Lat. 51° 52’ S.; long. 73° 41’ W.; 369 
fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 49.9° F. Three specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32299, U.S.N.M. 

The diameter of the disks measure, respectively, 6.5, 4.5, and 3 mm.; in the 
largest specimen the length of the arms reaches 28 mm. 

The disk is rounded and subpentagonal but not excavated in the interradial 
spaces. The upper face is covered with fairly large imbricated plates, the outlines 
of which are not very conspicuous in the largest specimen, owing to their being hidden 
by the tegument, but these outlines are more distinct on the two smaller specimens. 
On the latter, also, it is more easy to discern the presence of small elongated radial 
shields, which are triangular and narrow, widely separated, while they are hardly 
distinct from the neighboring plates on the largest specimen. Each plate carries 
a large spine which is very rough, rather short, thick at its base, and has about the 
same width over its whole length. At the end of the said spine appear a few large 
unequal, and irregularly arranged spinules, which may in turn carry some secondary 
denticulations; it happens often, but not constantly, that the spinules amount to 
three and are arranged divergently. The length of the spines is variable. Instead 
of being cylindrical, the spines may be simply conical, and, in this case, they are 
provided only with strong rugosities. 

The under face of the disk is covered with rounded and imbricated plates, the 
outlines of which are more distinct than on the upper face, and each of which carries 
a conical spine which extends as far as the mouth shield. These spines are always 
very rough, but the terminal crown of spinules has disappeared. The genital slits 
are wide. 

The rather small mouth shields are lozenge-shaped with an obtuse proximal 
angle, a very much rounded distal angle, almost equal and straight sides; they are 
somewhat wider than long. The rather small adoral plates are fairly wide, but 
short, twice or two and a half times longer than wide; they are widened outwardly, 
but they do not separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. 
The oral plates are narrow and elongated. The oral papille amount to three on 
each side; they are elongated, conical, and rough, fairly strong; the external oral 
papilla has about the same shape as the other two, although its end is a little more 
obtuse. The single tooth papilla is a little stronger but of the same shape as the 
neighboring ones. 

The middle-sized upper brachial plates are triangular, with a fairly open 
proximal angle and a convex distal side; they are about as wide as long, or a little 
wider than long, and widely separated from the basis of the arms. 

The first under brachial plate is fairly large, pentagonal, with a narrow proxi- 
mal side, two diverging lateral sides excavated by the tentacular mouth pore, and 
two distal sides which meet by a very obtuse angle. The succeeding plates are 
pentagonal, with an obtuse proximal angle, lateral sides which are slightly excavated 
by the tentacular scale, and a wide and convex distal side. These plates are at 
first a little wider than long, then they finally become a little longer than wide; 


108 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


also their distal side becomes more and more convex and even protruding. All 
these plates are separated from one another from the first one upward. 

The fairly protruding lateral plates carry six spines each. The first ventral 
one is very short and thin; the two following ones are about equal to the article, 
then the length increases up to the last dorsal one which exceeds two articles at the 
base of the arms; the rows formed by these spines are not dorsally approximated. 
These spines are thin and pointed, beset with small denticulations which, as a rule, 
are very thin, conical, and rather loosely distributed. These denticulations, which 
are never much developed, appear chiefly on the ventral and lateral spines and 
become less apparent on the last dorsal spine. 

The tentacular scale is large, strong, lanceolate, with an obtuse point, and its 
surface is strongly rough; it is notably longer than half the corresponding brachial 
plate. 

Connections and differences.—O. porrecta stands evidently at the limit between 
the genus Ophiacantha and the genus Ophiomitrella, for the plates of the upper face 
of the disk, although being not only apparent but very plain on the younger speci- 
mens, become somewhat indistinct as they grow older. Besides, I note a like 
peculiarity in other Ophiacanthide and, especially, in Ophiacantha aristata Koehler, 
where, however, the plates remain somewhat easier to perceive on the larger samples. 
It is with this latter species that O. porrecta is most closely allied. It differs from it 
in having the plates of the upper face of the disk bear actual spinulous spines 
instead of those stumps provided at their ends with those spinulous expansions 
which are so peculiar and which I have described and figured for O. aristata (09, 
pl. 26, fig. 6); in the upper brachial plates a little larger than in O. aristata, 
where they remain very small and compressed; in the lateral brachial plates which 
are stronger and which carry, on their strongly thickened distal side, spines which 
are more numerous, longer, and arranged in rows, which at the basis of the arms 
are approximated dorsally. The tentacular scale, at least, is less developed and 
less rough in O. porrecta than in O. aristata. 

I beg to call attention to the latitude of the station where O. porrecta has been 
discovered; this species very likely represents in the Southern Hemisphere the 
O. aristata of the Northern Hemisphere. 


OPHIOMITRA ROBUSTA, new species. 
Plate 10, figs. 4-5. 


- Albatross station 2347. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
21’’ W.; 216 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32300, U.S.N.M. 

This specimen is very incomplete; two arms are completely lacking, the other 
three are broken off close to their bases and only a few articles are preserved; yet 
the disk and the remaining parts of the arms are in excellent condition and the 
specimen can perfectly well be described. I consider it as belonging to a new 
species. 

The disk is thick and slightly excavated at the level of the insertion of the arms, 
while it is most protruding in the interradial spaces. Its diameter is 16 mm.; 
the arms are wide and strong; the specimen must have been very robust. 





a 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109 


The upper face of the disk is covered with very distinct plates which are of 
middle size, pretty unequal, and imbricated; they display on their free margin an 
extremely narrow fringe. Each plate is provided with a spine which is rather 
strong and thick, but variably long and has always a very rough surface. Some- 
times these spines are elongated, presenting a certain number of strong, conical, 
and pointed teeth and having at their ends a few sharp spinules; sometimes, on the 
contrary, they are short, although still terminated by some denticulations. The 
interradial spaces are especially the place where the spines are most developed, 
and the latter are particularly elongated at the margin of the disk, while in the 


- radial regions they are very short and may even be reduced to simple granules, 


somewhat elongated and with a simply rough surface. The radial shields, clearly 
distinct, and of middle size, are triangular with their angles and margins rounded, 
a little longer than wide, and separated on their whole length by one or two ranges 
of plates; these shields show on their surfaces a few rounded or conical granules, 
loosely and irregularly arranged, somewhat smaller than the neighboring granules. 
Occasionally in a radius the two radial shields of the same pair are joined into a 
single plate. 

The under face of the disk is provided with plates carrying spines identical 
with those of the upper face and which extend as far as the mouth shields, but the 
size of these spines decreases progressively until they are reduced to mere granu- 
lations in the vicinity of the said shields; their surface is still very rough but they 
no longer offer such very distinct denticulations as on the upper face. The genital 
slits are narrow and elongated. 

The mouth shields, of middling size, are a little wider than long, triangular, 
with a rounded distal lobe, which protrudes more or less into the interradial space; 
the proximal angle is obtuse, limited by straight sides which unite with the convex 
distal edge by rounded angles. The adoral plates are rather small, with the prox- 
imal edge slightly incurved; they are wider externally, but they do not separate 
the mouth shield from the first brachial side plate. The oral plates are fairly 
large, higher than wide. The oral papillae amount to six or seven on each side; 
the two external ones, widened and flattened, cover the tentacular mouth pore; 
the others are thinner, elongated, and conical, with a blunt point. There is, 
moreover, a certain number of tooth papille which are not all preserved in this 
specimen, but the trace of which, at least, may be detected; some of them, amounting 
to three or four, are a little larger than the oral papille and directed horizontally; 
the others, amounting to about the same number and arranged behind the former, 
are smaller and directed obliquely downwards. 

The upper brachial plates are rather small and about as long as wide; they are 
triangular or lozenge-shaped, according to the outline of the distal edge which is 
sometimes very strongly convex, sometimes plainly bent into two distinct sides 
joined by a more or less blunt angle; the proximal angle is fairly open; the lateral 
edges are divergent and join by very sharp angles on the distal side. These plates 
are separated by a narrow interval. One can plainly distinguish, all along the 
distal margin of the said plates, a set of very fine, sharp, and short little spines; 
moreover, on closer examination, some similar but still shorter little spines will be 
seen which are irregularly scattered over all the upper face of the plate. The 


110 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


lateral parts of the upper plates have preserved a brownish-pink color, and there is, 
besides, a large purple-brown spot on the lateral plates on either side of the distal 
edge of the upper plate; the whole must have had in the live animal the appearance 
of a bicolored stripe extending all along the upper face of the arms. 

The first under brachial plate is small, quadrangular, longer than wide, narrow 
between the two corresponding adoral plates; the narrow proximal side is divided 
into two parts by a median furrow extending on the under face of the plate. The 
following plates are very large, quadrangular, having a convex distal side and lateral 
edges, which are divergent and strongly excavated at the corresponding tentacular 
scale; one can hardly speak of a proximal angle, except for the first plates, where 
this angle is very obtuse, while it reaches 180° on the following plates, the sides of 
this angle being continuous and transverse, forming a proximal side. The first 
plate is already a little wider than long, but the following ones grow very rapidly 
wider until they become almost twice wider than long; these plates are almost 
contiguous, the interval between them being extremely narrow. 

The lateral brachial plates are short, but their distal side is very wide and thick. 
They each are provided at the basis of the arms with nine large and strong spines, 
the first ventral being equal to one and a half articles, and the last dorsal exceeding 
four articles; the rows are not approximate dorsally. These spines are provided 
with fine denticulations loosely spread but not very conspicuous and which generally 
are even completely lacking on the large upper spines. 

The single tentacular scale is extremely developed; it is wide, thick, and 
lanceolate, ending in a blunt and scarcely rough point; the length of that scale 
almost reaches that of the corresponding brachial under plate. The first pore 
carries always two scales, but the following ones have but one; however, I excep- 
tionally find on one of the arms another pore provided with two scales. 

Connections and differences.—O. robusta is allied chiefly to O. ornata Verrill and 
O. spinea Verrill. It can easily be distinguished from O. ornata, the radial shields 
of which are contiguous on their whole length, and the mouth shields, as well as 
the upper and under brachial plates of which, have a different shape; moreover, the 
brachial spines amount to five only; the characters of this species clearly appear 
in Verrill’s figures. The second species has not been represented and is known only 
by a rather short description by Verrill; the radial shields are externally contiguous; 
the adoral plates are thick and crescent-shaped; the brachial spines, which amount 
to nine, as in O. robusta, are provided with very strong denticulations; lastly, the 
oral papille are much more numerous. All these characters fail to apply to the 
specimen gathered by the Albatross, but, unfortunately, Verrill gave no information 
regarding the shape of the under and upper brachial plates of O. spinea, which 
plates are especially characteristic in O. robusta. 

OPHIOMITRA VALIDA Lyman. 

See for bibliography: 

Verrill (99a), p. 353. 

Fish Hawk station 7280. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 17’ 05’ N.; long. 81° 58’ 
25’’ W.; 132 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Five specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7281. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 13’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 58’ 
15’’ W.; 304 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Two specimens. 


ae 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 111 


The diameter of the disk is generally about 10 mm.; in the larger specimen it 
is 13 mm., and in the smaller 5.5 mm. 

The description which has been given by Lyman of O. valida was established 
on some young specimens; it was completed by Verrill, who made this species the 
type of the genus Ophiomitra, s. str., and I can but refer to that author’s work. 

O. valida is not much known, except in the Caribbean Sea and on the coasts of 
Florida, but it has a very wide bathymetrical distribution, for it is said to extend 
between 10 and 1,105 fathoms. 

OPHIOPORA BARTLETTI (Lyman). 

See for bibliography: 

Keebler (09), p. 195. 


Albatross, 1886. Bahamas. No depth mentioned. One specimen. 
The specimen is in very bad condition; the upper face of the disk has been torn 
out and the arms are broken about the base, but still it is quite characteristic. 


OPHIOLIMNA LITTORALIS Keehler. 
Ophiolimna littoralis Kauurr (18), p. 370, pl. 21, figs. 1-3. 


Havana, three specimens; no depth indicated. 

The diameter of the disk ranges between 7 and 10 mm. I have mentioned 
these specimens in the description which I have recently given of this new species, 
to which please refer. 

OPHIOLEDA MINIMA Kehler. 
Ophioleda minima K@uuer (07), p. 293, pl. 21, figs. 44, 45. 
Ophioplinthaca occlusa Ke@uuer, Bull. Musée Océan. Monaco, No. 99, 1907, p. 4. 
Ophioleda minima Kexuer, Mem. Soc. Zool. France for 1906, vol. 19, 1908, p. 26. 
Ophioplinthaca occlusa K@HLER (09), p. 194, pl. 28, figs. 5, 6. 


Albairéss station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. A few specimens. 

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30’’ W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Numerous specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7283. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 17’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 53’ 
30’’ W.; 127 fathoms; s. gr.; temp. 53° F. One specimen. 

About this species there has arisen a very unfortunate confusion and I am glad to 
avail myself of the present opportunity to clear it up. This confusion is accounted 
for by some delays, due to no fault of mine, in the printing or publishing of pre- 
liminary notes or of final papers in which I gave the description of this Ophiuran. 
I had introduced the genus Ophioleda and described 0. minima in volume 19 of the 
Mémoires de la société zoologique de France; my manuscript, transmitted in 1907, 
was not published until 1908 in a volume dated 1906; meanwhile, the report of the 
Expéditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman containing my final paper on 
the Ophiurans gathered by these two vessels, had been published (1907). On the 
other hand, in the same year, 1907, I had described the same species under the name 
of Ophioplinthaca occlusa, in the preliminary note No. 99 in the Bulletin du Musée 
Océanographique de Monaco, without having been able to record on the proofs 
the synonymy of that species; the same text was printed, about the same time, in 


112 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


the Résultats des campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, but the rather 
important pamphlet in which my paper is included did not come out until 1909; 
I was also unable to insert in it the synonymy which I am establishing here. 

Having now explained this situation I beg to recall that O. minima was 
found by the expeditions of the Travailleur and of the Talisman, about latitude 
41°-44° N., and longitude 9°-11° W., between 1,220 and 1,350 m., and by the 
Princesse Alice in latitude 32° N., and longitude 16° W., at 1,425 m. 

This species is always very small, the diameter of the disk scarcely exceeding 
2 to 2.5 mm.; the specimen from station 7283 is somewhat stronger than the others. 


OPHIOTREMA GRACILIS, new species. 


Plate 12, figs. 1-2. 


Albatross station 2751. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54’ N.; long. 63° 12’ W.; 
687 fathoms; bu. glob. oz.; temp. 40° F. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32301, U.S.N.M. 

The sample is not perfect for the under face of the disk is partly torn away; 
the other parts are fairly well preserved. Almost all the arms are complete; they 
are slender and about 45 to 50 mm. long. The disk is somewhat disfigured and 
stretched along two radii, therefore one of the diameters equals 11 mm. while 
the other is only 8 mm.; its outline is pentagonal but the sides are unequal owing 
to the deformity sustained; moreover, some of the sides are straight or slightly 
excavated, and the others are a little convex. 

The upper face of the disk is depressed and covered with small fine plates 
which are equal, hardly imbricated and almost rounded with very sharp outlines. 
Each of these plates carries at its middle a small slender spine, which is conical, 
rather short, with an elongated and sharp point. The radial shields, although 
rather small, are quite distinct from the neighboring plates; they are elongated, 
triangular, twice longer than wide with a rounded distal margin and a very acute 
proximal angle; their surfaces are absolutely bare. The two shields of each pair 
are arranged more or less divergently but they are always separated from each 
other by several series of plates. 

The under face of the disk is covered all over by plates identical with those of 
the upper face, but the spines borne by the former do not appear except in the 
distal half of the disk and do not reach the mouth shields. The genital slits are 
narrow but plainly visible. 

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, much wider than long, with a 
widely opened proximal angle, and almost straight lateral sides joining by rounded 
angles the distal side which displays in its middle a rounded lobe rather strongly 
protruding in the interradial space. The adoral plates are extremely elongated and 
much thinner on all the part which is close to the mouth shield, but on the contrary 
broadly widened outwardly where they constantly form an important lobe which 
widely separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate; they are 
inwardly contiguous on the interradial median line, where their ends become rounded 
and sometimes also slightly widened. The oral plates are high and narrow. On 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 113 


their free edges they each carry five conical and pointed papille; the most external 
ones are thin, then their width slightly increases up to the last one which becomes 
rather wide and contiguous with the median tooth papilla; these five papille form 
an uninterrupted row. There are no other tooth papille besides the odd median 
one. Off the next papilla, and isolated from it by a varying interval, there is 
another papilla which is inserted near the juncture of the oral and adoral plates, 
and which consequently corresponds to the proximal side of the tentacular mouth 
pore; a little further appears a second similar papilla which is also inserted on the 
adoral plate, but which corresponds to the middle of the tentacular mouth pore. 
These two papillx are more elongated than the others and they are almost spiniform, 
especially the latter. 

The upper brachial plates are rather small, triangular, with a convex distal 
edge and a fairly open proximal angle which is often slightly rounded; they are 
en as long as wide. These plates are separated from the ee of the 
arms by an interval which progressively increases and which, beyond the first half 
of the arms, exceeds the length of the said plates. 

The first brachial middle-sized under plate is trapezoidal, with a wider proximal 
side, a fairly narrow distal side and divergent lateral sides; it is already separated 
from the second one by a narrow interval. The succeeding plates are pentagonal 
with a very obtuse proximal angle, which, beyond the disk, is so widely open that 
it almost reaches 180°; the lateral sides are divergent and widely excavated by the 
tentacular pores: they join by acute angles the distal side which is very wide and 
strongly convex and has in its middle a very conspicuous notch. These plates 
are much longer than wide and they remain separated on the whole length of the 
arms by an interval which by degrees grows longer, without, however, becoming as 
important as on the upper face. 

The little protruding side plates bear four fine, cylindrical, aeudea: and 
pointed spines which are more or less divergent and set apart from the arm; the 
length of these spines increases from the fit ventral which is a little longer ian 
half the article to the last dorsal which is almost equal to one and a half articles. 

The tentacular scales of the brachial pores show the characteristic arrangement 
of the genus Ophiotrema, that is to say, they appear in the shape of very small, 
fine, and pointed spines arranged on the proximal edge and on the internal or 
radial edge of each pore; these spines, amounting to five or six on each pore, are 
seldom preserved integrally; they have not always the same length, and those of the 
proximal side of the pore are sometimes a little longer than the others. 

Connections and differences.—O. gracilis evidently belongs to the genus 
Ophiotrema as I have established it. It differs from the single known species, 
O. alberti, in having slender arms and only four brachial spines miele are thin and 
elongated, much longer and finer than in O. alberti where they amount to five and 
always remain applied against the lateral faces of the arms. The upper brachial 
plates are narrower, smaller, and more widely separated; the under brachial 
plates are longer in O. gracilis. The tentacular mouth pore is provided with only 
two papille which are elongated, cylindrical, and pointed, rather spiniform, instead 
of three short and oval papille such as exist in O. alberti. The small spines of 


114 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


the brachial tentacular pores also seem to me longer and more slender than in the 
latter species. 

The single existing sample of 0. gracilis being smaller than most of the O. alberti 
which I have studied, might induce one to think that some of the differences I 
mention are due to the youth of the subject. I therefore took pains to compare 
with the example from the Albatross the two specimens which were gathered in 1895 
by the Princesse Alice, one of which is only 6 mm. across the disk. Now, this 
young specimen already possesses on the tentacular mouth pore the three charac- 
teristic papille of O. alberti with their usual shape; the brachial spines, amounting to 
five, are short, fairly thick and always remain applied against the lateral faces of the 
arms. The differences are absolutely striking between this specimen and my 
O. gracilis. One will also notice that the latter species was dredged from a lesser 
depth than O. alberti. 

The drawings which I have published of O. alberti being, of course, somewhat 
schematic, I thought I had better reproduce here some photographs of a specimen 
from the cruises of the Travailleur and the Talisman so as to illustrate more fully 
the differences between the two species (pl. 12, figs. 3, 4). 

The form of the two papille carried by the tentacular mouth pore in O. gracilis, 
reminds one of the single papilla existing at this place in the genus Ophiomedea, 
which I introduced in 1907; but in the latter genus this single papilla is much 
stronger than in 0. gracilis, and the other mouth papillz are but three on each side; 
the shape and arrangement of the tentacular brachial scales are, besides, quite 
different in the two genera, and, although O. gracilis recalls by some characters the 
genus Ophiomedea, there can be no question about the latter belonging to the genus 
Ophiotrema. 

OPHIOCAMAX AUSTERA Verrill. 


Ophiocamaz austera VERRILL (99), p. 60, pl. 6, figs. 1, 1a. 
Ophiocamax austera VERRILL (99a), p. 355. 
Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22’ N.; long. 78° 07’ 30’ W.; 
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. Two specimens. 
Albatross station 2656. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 08’ N.; long. 78° 28’ W.; 
540 fathoms; for.; temp. 41.2° F. One specimen in very bad condition. 
Albatross. Wavana; no depth mentioned. Three specimens. 
The diameter of the disk varies between 8 and 14 mm.; the specimens are 
rather well preserved though their arms are almost all broken, and they are quite 
in accordance with Verrill’s description. 


OPHIOCAMAX FASCICULATA Lyman. 


Ophiocamaz fasciculata LyMaN (88), p. 265, pl. 7, figs. 92-94. 
Ophiocamaz fasciculata K@uLER (97), p. 360. 
Ophiocamaz fasciculata K@HLER (99), p. 67. 
Ophiocamaz fasciculata K@HLER (07), p. 316. 
Albatross station 2125. Feb. 8, 1884. Lat. 11° 43’ N.; long. 69° 09’ 30’ W.; 
208 fathoms; yl. m. s. bk. sp.; temp. 50.7° F. Several specimens. 
Albatross station 2129. Feb. 27, 1884. Lat. 19° 56’ 04’” N., long. 75° 48’ 
55/’ W.; 274 fathoms; bu. m. fne.s. Several specimens. 


i. yo 
‘ 


- 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 115 


Fish Hawk station 7285. Feb.19,1902. Lat. 24° 15’00’’; long. 81° 47’ 30’’ W.; 
306 fathoms; s.; temp. 47.5° F. Several specimens (diameter of the disk, 5-12 mm.). 
Fish Hawk station 7286. Feb.19,1902. Lat.24°18’00’’; long.81° 47’ 45’ W.; 
133 fathoms; s.; temp. 53.5° F. Five specimens (diameter of the disk, 8-12 mm.). 


OPHIOLOGIMUS SECUNDUS, new species. 


Plate 16, figs. 4-5. 


Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
294 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Four specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32302, U.S.N.M. 

All the examples are small; in the largest one the diameter of the disk is 6 mm., 
and the arms are 16 mm. long.; in the others the diameter of the disk ranges between 
3and4mm. The arms number six in the four specimens. 

The disk is circular or hexagonal with rounded angles. The upper face is 
covered with extremely thin and transparent plates, which are small, rounded, 
imbricated, and of a uniform size, both at the center and at the margin, without the 
slightest indication of primary plates. 

There are radial shields which are not very conspicuous, although notably 
larger than the adjacent plates; they are triangular, elongated, one and a half times 
or even twice longer than wide, and broadly separated by four or five rows of plates. 
The plates of the upper face of the disk extend a little over on the arms, but not so 
far as in Ophiologimus hexactis H. L. Clark. 

The under face of the disk displays a covering of plates which are identical 
with those of the upper face and altogether uniform; these plates extend as far as 
the mouth shield. The genital plates are thin, elongated, and not very apparent. 
The genital slits are large and broadly open. 

The middle-sized mouth shields have a triangular chief portion and a widened 
distal lobe, which protrudes more or less into the interradial space; the proximal 
angle is obtuse, rounded, and limited by two sides also rounded; these shields are 
almost as long as wide. The adoral plates are narrow and elongated; they are a 
little widened in their internal part, where they lean against each other along 
the interradial median line, and they are still more widened outwardly, so as to 
separate broadly the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral 
plates are triangular and very high. The oral papille, which amount to seven or 
eight on each side, are very small, narrow, and conical: however, the two external 
papille, which correspond to the oral tentacular pore, are somewhat larger: the odd 
tooth papilla is a little more elongated than the others. Another somewhat elon- 
gated and conical papilla starts from the angle of the adoral plate and the first 
under brachial plate, and is directed toward the mouth. 

The arms are fairly narrow. The upper brachial plates, which are middle- 
sized, are triangular, with a proximal angle and a convex distal side; they are 
almost as long as wide and separated from one another from the bases of the arms. 

The first under brachial plate is rather large, lozenge-shaped, and a little wider 
than long, with a fairly open proximal angle, which is limited by two straight sides, 
and a rounded distal angle, also limited by two straight sides. The succeed- 
ing plates become much longer than wide, with a proximal angle, which is first 


116 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


truncated, but becomes sharper and sharper, slightly diverging lateral sides, which 
are excavated by the large tentacular pores, and a wide and convex distal side. 
They remain contiguous on almost the whole length of the arms, owing to their 
proximal angle becoming elongated, but they finally get separated. 

The lateral plates bear three fairly wide spines which are flattened, with an 
obtuse point and a rough surface; these spines are equal, and their length is equal 
to that of the article; the ventral spine is flattened and a little wider than the 
others. 

The fairly large and oval tentacular pores are each provided with a little 
lanceolate scale. 

Connections and differences.—This species really belongs to the genus Ophiologi- 
mus, which was introduced by H. L. Clark in 1911 for an ophiuran, O. hexactis, which 
also has six arms; the single specimen had been gathered at Suno Saki (Honshu 
Island, Japan), between 83 and 158 fathoms. The Atlantic species is evidently 
very closely allied to O. hexactis, but it is plainly separated from it by the presence 
of very distinct radial shields, by the upper face of the disk being covered with 
scales all over, even in the younger examples, by the dorsal plates of the disk, which 
extend but very little over the bases of the arms, by the upper brachial plates, which 
are triangular and as long as wide, and finally by the presence of a single tentacular 
scale. 

H. L. Clark introduced in the diagnosis of the genus Ophiologimus the absence 
of radial shields; therefore, this character ought to be corrected, since these 
shields exist in the new species. 

The discovery in the Atlantic of a second species of the genus Ophiologimus is 
very interesting. 

OPHIOCHITON GRANDIS Verrill. 


Ophiochiton grandis VERRt1L (84), p. 384. 


Albatross station 2394. Mar. 13, 1885. Lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 87° 02’ W.; 
420 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2395. Mar. 13,1885. Lat. 28° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 86° 50’ W.; 
347 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 44.1° F. One specimen. 


Family OPHIOCOMID. 
OPHIOCOMA ALEXANDRI Lyman. 


Ophiocoma alexandri LyMAN (65), p. 74. 
Ophiocoma alexandri LruNGMAN (66), p. 329. 
Ophiocoma alexandri VERRILL (67), p. 259. 
Ophiocoma alexandri Ives (89), p. 177. 
Ophiocoma alexandri Ka@HuEr (07), p. 325. 
Albatross station 2824. Apr. 30,1888. Lat. 24°11’ 30’’ N.; long. 109° 55’ W.; 
10 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen. 
Diameter of the disk, 8 mm.; length of arms, 55-58 mm. 
The sample is of a light brown and rather uniform color; despite its small size 
it is plainly characterized. The tentacular scales are two in number on the pores 
of the three and sometimes four first articles. 


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OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 117 


OPHIOCOMA ECHINATA (Lamarck). 
(=Ophiocoma crassispina Say.) 

See for bibliography: 

Lyman (82), p. 171. 

Tves (89), p. 177. 

Verrill (99), p. 177. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 245. 

H. L. Clark (01a), p. 340. 

Verrill (07), p. 327. 

Keehler (07), p. 325. 

Keehler (13), p. 374. 
Key West, Florida. Sixteen specimens. 
Indian Key, Florida. Ten specimens. 
Key Vaccas, Florida. Eight specimens. 
Dry Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens. 
Northwest end of St. Martin’s Reef, Florida. One specimen. 
Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen. 
Sand Key, Florida. Four specimens. 
Cape Florida. One specimen. 
Abaco, Bahamas. Eight specimens. 
St. Thomas. One specimen. 
Swan Islands, Caribbean Sea. Sixteen specimens. 
Hungry Bay, Bermudas. One specimen. 
Ascension Island (doubtful locality). One specimen. 


OPHIOCOMA PUMILA Liitken. 

See for bibliography: 

Lyman (82), p. 171. 

Greeff (82), p. 156. 

Lyman (88), p. 255. 

Ives (89), p. 177. 

Verrill (99), p. 23. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 245. 

H. L. Clark (01a), p. 340. 

Keehler (07), p. 326. 

Keehler (18), p. 375. 


Key West, Florida. One specimen. 

Sand Key Reef, off Key West. Three specimens. 

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens. 

Clarence Harbor, Bahamas. July 15, 1903. One specimen. 

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Two specimens. 

O. pumila is known along the North American coast from Florida down to 
Colon, in the West Indies, and in Brazil. Greeff found it abundantly in San-Thomé 
Island (Guinea). It is almost always found near the coast, though Verrill records 
it off Havana at a depth of 200 fathoms. Ophiocoma scolopendrina and Ophiura 
hexactis noticed by Duchassaing in the West Indies are 0. pumila. 


118 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


aX OPHIOCOMA RIISEI Liitken. 
See for bibliography: 


Lyman (82), p. 171. 

Ives (99), p. 177. 

Verrill (99), p. 22. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 245. 

Verrill (07), p. 328. 

Keehler (07), p. 326. 

Keehler (13), p. 375. 
Sand Key, Florida. Two specimens. 
Key West, Florida. Several specimens. 
Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen. 
New Providence, Bahamas. Six specimens. 
Abaco, Bahamas. Two specimens. 
Powell’s Point, Eleuthera, Bahamas. One specimen 


Family OPHIOTHRICID. 


OPHIOTHRIX ANGULATA (Say). 
Pv (=0 phiothrix violacea LUTKEN.) 
See for bibliography: 


Lyman (82), p. 219. 
Ludwig (82), p. 18. 
Ives (89), p. 178. 
Verrill (99), p. 18. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 244. 
Verrill (07), p. 327. 
Keehler (07), p. 330. 
Keehler (18), p. 375. 


Fish Hawk stations 1646-1651. June 4, 1891. Tangier Sound, Chesapeake 
Bay; 24 to 13 fathoms; temp. 67.5° to 71° F. Five specimens. 

Albatross station 2320. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 
48’’ W.; 130 fathoms; fne. co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2324. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 25’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
24’’ W.; 33 fathoms; co.; temp. 79.1° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2327. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 
54’’ W.; 182 fathoms; fne. br. s. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2357. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20° 19’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 10’” W.: 
178 fathoms; wh. co. One specimen. 

Albatross stations 2369-2374. Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29° 15’-29° 11’ 30’ N.; 
long. 85° 32’-85° 29’ 15’’ W.; 64-66 fathoms; fne. gy. s. and r., fne. gy. s., g.; 
temp. 35° F, Eight specimens. 

Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16,1887. Lat. 6° 59’ 30’ S.; long. 34° 47’ W.; 
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Three specimens. 

Grampus station 5055. Feb. 16, 1889. Lat. 25° 02’ 49’ N.; long. 83° 14’ W.; 
32 fathoms; brk. sh. fne., co. ers. and fne. One specimen. 

Grampus station 5073. Feb. 28, 1889. Lat. 25° 23’ N.; long. 83° 24’ W.; 
west coast of Florida; 38 fathoms; co. brk. sh. and live bottom. Two specimens. 





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OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 119 


Grampus station 5080. West coast of Florida; 32 fathoms; light s. brk. sh. 
One specimen. 

Grampus station 5087. Mar. 11, 1889. Lat. 25° 44’ 32’ N.; long. 83° 10’ 
15’’ W.; 31 fathoms; fne. s. sponge. One specimen. 

Grampus station 5100. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 04’ N.; long. 83° 00’ W.; 
26 fathoms; hrd. blk. gr. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 1649. June 4, 1890. Tangier Sound, Md.; 7 fathoms; 
sft.; temp. 71° F. Eighteen specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7106. Mar. 28, 1901. Anclote, 124 fathoms; r. co. s. 
Four specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7145. Nov. 5, 1901. Lat. 29° 30’ 50’’ N.; long. 83° 41’ 
40’’ W.; Pepperfish Key, 3} fathoms; sdy.; temp. 22° C. Three specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7150. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman’s Bay. Lat. 29° 35’ 20’ 
N.; long. 83° 56’ W.; 94 fathoms; c.; temp. 19.5° C. Six specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7151. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman’s Bay. Lat. 29° 43’ 40’ 
N.; long. 83° 49’ 45’’ W.; 5} fathoms; c.; temp. 20.5° C. Nine specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7153. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman’s Bay. Lat. 29° 43’ 40’ 
N.; long. 83° 49’ 45’’ W.; 5} fathoms; s.c.; temp. 23° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7161. Novy. 21, 1901. Pepperfish Key. Lat. 29° 18’ N.; 
long. 83° 37’ W.; 8 fathoms; rky.; temp. 18° C. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7201. Dec. 6, 1901. Deadman’s Bay. Lat. 29° 32’ 30’’ 
N.; long. 83° 50’ W.; 9 fathoms; r. ¢.; temp. 16.5° C. Two specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, 1902. St. Martins. Lat. 28° 26’ N.; long. 
83° 02’ 30’’ W.; 74 fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 13° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7231. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 08’ 30’’N.; long. 
83° 10’ W.; 10 fathoms: rky. ¢.; temp. 13.5° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7253. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55’ 30’ N.; 
long. 83° W.; 7 fathoms; c. r.; temp. 15.2° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7271. Feb. 13, 1902. West Channel Entrance to Key 
West; 7} fathoms; cor. sand; temp. 20° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7290. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46’ 12’’ N.; long. 81° 53’ 
30’’ W.; 10} fathoms; co.; temp. 19° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46’ 40’’ N.; long. 81° 
55’ 40’’ W.; 104 fathoms; co.; temp. 20° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7354. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay; 114 feet; h. gy. s. sh.; 
temp. 23.5° C. One specimen. 

Fish Hawk station 7390. Dec. 22, 1902. Off Cape Sable, Florida. Lat. 25° 
01’ N.; long. 81° 25’ 30’’ W.; 44 fathoms; rky. Three specimens. 

Fish Hawk station 7511. Mar. 25, 1903. rky. One specimen. 

Callibogue, South Carolina. Eight specimens. 

Mouth of Bulls Creek, South Carolina. Numerous specimens. 

Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Three specimens. 

Cedar Keys, Florida. Very numerous specimens. 

Boca Ceiga Bay, Florida. Five specimens. 

Sarasota Bay, Florida. One specimen. 

Pensacola, Florida. Eight specimens. 

Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen. 

N. of St. Martins Reef, Florida. Seven specimens. 

6061°—Bull. 841-149 


120 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Florida. Four specimens. 

Jamaica. One specimen. 

Bahamas. One specimen. 

St. Thomas. One specimen. 

Port Castries, St. Lucia. One specimen. 

Trinidad, shore. One specimen. 

Abrolhos Islands. Nine specimens. 

Among the above-mentioned stations, some will be noticed where the depth 
is fairly great; such is the case with the stations 2369-2374 (66 fathoms), 2320 (130 
fathoms), 2357 (178 fathoms), and 2327 (182 fathoms). But it is already known 
from elsewhere that 0. angulata may go down fairly deep, and Verrill has reported 
it at 200 fathoms off Havana. The specimens coming from deeper waters than 
100 fathoms are lightly colored, grayish, greenish, or somewhat pink. 

The specimens from stations 2369-2374 are very small, and the diameter of their 
disks ranges between 2.2 and 2 mm. They are greenish-gray, and their brachial 
spines are fairly large; they offer a superficial likeness to O. pallida, of which I have 
recently given a new description from the only example known up to the present 
day (18, p. 377). But, after having compared them very carefully with the type 
of that species, I have satisfied myself that they actually are 0. angulata; for the 
radial shields are smaller than in O. pallida; the upper and under brachial plates, 
although fairly elongated as they always are in very young O. angulata, are, 
however, less so than in O. pallida; the first under brachial plates, especially, are 
first a little wider than long, then they progressively grow longer, but they do not 
become longer than wide until within a certain distance from the disk; lastly, 
the first ventral spine changes into a hook only at a fairly great distance from the 
basis of the arms. 

The young O. angulata always have their under and upper brachial plates 
longer than those of the adults, and dorsal spines which become very much elongated 
in the terminal part of the arms. 


OPHIOTHRIX LINEATA Lyman, 


Ophiothrix lineata Lyman (61), p. 201. 
Ophiothrix lineata LyMAN (65), p. 171. 
Ophiothrix lineata LruncMAN (66), p. 171. 
Ophiothrix lineata LroneMAN (71), p. 654. 
Ophiothriz lineata LyMAN (78), p. 233. 
Ophiothriz lineata Ives (89), p. 178. 
Ophiothrix lineata Ka@uuer (07), p. 334. 
Ophiothriz lineata Ka@uter (18), p. 376. 
Fish Hawk station 7124. Apr. 2, 1901. Lat. 25° 50’ 15’’ N.; long. 82° 41’ 
45’’ W.; 21 fathoms; sandy; temp. 20° C. Eight specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7177. Nov. 27, 1901. North Key. Lat. 29° 05’ N.; 
long. 83° 22’ 30’’ W.; 54 fathoms; sdy. rky. ¢.; temp. 15.5° C. One little specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7373. Dec. 19, 1902. Florida Bay; sp. s. sh.; temp. 
23° C. Two specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7429. Jan. 7, 1903. 4 mile SE. by S. of SE. end of Duck 
Key; 14 feet; rky. Three specimens. 
Biscayne Bay, Florida. One specimen. 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121 


ae : OPHIOTHRIX RSTEDI Liitken. 
See for bibliography. 


Lyman (82), p. 226. 
Ives (89), p. 178. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 244. 
Keebler (07), p. 336. 
Keehler (13), p. 376. 
Fish Hawk station 7108. Mar. 28, 1901. Right Channel into Tampa Bay; 
12} fathoms; br. sh. and s.; temp. 19.1°C. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7428. Jan. 27,1903. 1mileN.N. W.4 W. of East Washer- 
woman; 16 feet; rky. One specimen. 
Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Grecian Shoals. One specimen. 
Key West, Florida. Numerous specimens. 
Indian Key, Florida. Five specimens. 
Bird Key, Florida. Thirteen specimens. 
Tortugas, Bird Key Reefs, Florida. Nine dry specimens. 
Dry Tortugas, Florida. Several specimens 
Ragged Key, Florida. One specimen. 
Florida. Two dry specimens. 
Key Largo, Florida. One specimen. 
Nassau, Bahamas. Three specimens. 
Golding Key, Bahamas. One specimen. 
Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen. 


OPHIOTHRIX SUENSONII Liitken. 
See for bibliography: 
Lyman (82), p. 222. 
Ives (89), p. 178. 
Verrill (99), p. 21. 
H. L. Clark (01), p. 244. 
Verrill (07), p. 327. 
_Keehler (07), p. 338. 
Keebler (18), p. 376. 
Albatross station 2409. Mar. 18, 1885. Lat. 27° 04’ N.; long. 83° 21’ 15’’ W.; 
26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. One specimen. 
Albatross station 2649. Apr. 12, 1886. Lat. 23° 34’ N.; long. 76° 33’ W.; 
36 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 74.2° F. Seven specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7182. Nov. 28,1901. Deadmans Bay. Lat. 29° 32’ 30’ N.; 
long. 83° 50’ W.; 9 fathoms; rky. ¢.; temp. 15.3° C. Three specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7211. Dec. 9, 1901. North Key. Lat. 28° 47’ 55”’ N.; 
long. 83° 16’ 30’’ W.; 8 fathoms; rky. grsy.; temp. 17° C. Five specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, 1902. St. Martins. Lat. 28° 26’ N.; 
long. 83° 02’ 30’ W.; 74 fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 13° C. Eleven specimens. 
Fish Hawk station 7216. Jan. 15, 1902. Lat. 28° 26’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 08’ 
W.; 10 fathoms; sdy. grsy.; temp. 13.6° C. Two specimens. 
Lat. 28° 42’ N.; long. 83° 30’ W. ‘Two specimens. 
Key West, Florida. Manship Channel. One specimen. 


122 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


West Coast of Florida. One specimen. 
Bahamas. Twenty-two specimens. 

Belize, British Honduras. One dry specimen. 
Bermudas. Two specimens. 

Green Cay, Bermudas. One specimen. 


OPHIOTHRIX CONVOLUTA, new species. 
Plate 16, figs. 1 and 6. 


A specimen found on a branch of Acanthogorgia fusca, without any indication 
of locality. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32303, U.S.N.M. 

The diameter of the disk reaches 6 mm.; the arms are strongly convoluted 
and their length must have exceeded 45 mm. 

The disk is subpentagonal. The upper face offers, between the radial shieids, 
a covering of rounded and very unequal plates, some of which are small and com- 
paratively few, the others rather large. The former are unarmed or each of them 
carries only a little short and thick stump, the others, on the contrary, are provided 
with a very strong spine which is thick, elongated, and bears, on its edges, strong, 
sharp, and approximated denticulations. These spines vary in length, but most of 
them reach, or even exceed, one millimeter. They are numerous and dense in the 
central region of the disk and in the interradial spaces. These spaces are very 
broad, while the radial spaces, narrow between the two shields of each pair, give 
the appearance of as many very narrow triangles, which separate the shields on 
one-half or two-thirds of their length. The plates which cover these interradial 
spaces are small, and they carry only short stumps or even remain absolutely bare. 
The fairly large radial shields are triangular and their length exceeds half the radius 
of the disk; they are twice and a half longer than wide and their radial side is about 
straight, while the interradial side is strongly convex; their surface is absolutely 
deprived of spines and covered with minute granules. The two shields of each 
pair are little diverging; they are contiguous outwardly for a variable length and 
they are inwardly separated by the narrow radial areas which I have mentioned 
above. 

The plates of the upper face and the large spines on them cease at the edge of 
the disk and the under face is almost completely bare; there are only in the inter- 
radial areas a few scarce and isolated plates which are not often seen except at the 
outline of the disk and each of which bears a small stump. The genital slits and 
plates are broad and well developed. 

The middle-sized mouth shields are triangular, with a slightly sharp proximal 
angle which is limited by straight sides, and a very convex distal side; the latter is 
sometimes broken up into two sides, which gives to the shields a lozenge-like appear- 
ance; in one of them the proximal angle is separated from the rest of the plate by 
a fissure. These shields are as long as wide, or even a little longer than wide; the 
shield which carries the madreporic pore is very large, oval, and much longer than 
wide. The adoral plates are small, triangular, hardly contiguous on the median 
interradial line by their rounded apex. The papille of the external sets are elon- 
gated, fairly large, conical, and pointed; the others, located within the foregoing 
ones, are much smaller. 





i 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123 


The upper brachial plates are very large, quadrangular, with a narrow proximal 
side, a very wide distal side, meeting by sharp angles the lateral sides which are 
divergent. The distal side is rather concave on the first plates, then it becomes 
convex and it finally resolves itself into two small sides which are united by a very 
obtuse and rounded angle, behind which the surface of the plate offers a very small 
obtuse protuberance; these plates are never much wider than long, and sometimes 
they are as wide as long. The shape of the plates in the first half of the arms does 
not appear very plainly, for the said plates are almost always more or less strongly 
divided into fragments which, in certain regions, are so many that the limits be- 
tween the successive plates are no longer distinct; then the fragments become fewer 
when the plates are only divided into two or three parts, and finally they remain 
simple up to the end of the arms. This dividing up exists, besides, in very variable 
degrees according to which arms are examined, and on one of them it is less con- 
spicuous than on the others. The specimen being’ single, it is impossible to tell 
whether this dividing constitutes a specific character or is accidental; none of the 
arms show any trace of regeneration. 

The under brachial plates are absolutely invisible, and they are covered up by 
the teguments. 

The brachial spines amount to six only, and they are not very much developed. 
The first one is very short and thin; the second one is notably longer and stronger; 
and then the length progressively increases up to the fifth one, which is hardly 
larger than the corresponding article; the last dorsal spine is a little shorter than the 
foregoing one. The relative length of these spines increases a little in the second 
half of the arms. These spines are bare, flattened, fairly wide, with rounded ends, 
and they are provided on their edges with pretty strong denticulations, which are 
conical, somewhat unequal, lying close to one another on the ventral spine, but 
more loosely’ arranged on the last two dorsal spines, where, besides, they are less 
conspicuous. The first ventral spine changes into a hook near the fifteenth article. 

There is not the slightest trace of a tentacular scale, which is probably hidden 
by the tegument. 

Connections and differences—O. convoluta recalls certain forms of O. fragilis, 
but I thought I ought to separate it specifically, owing to the disk armature, to 
the shape of the mouth shields, as well as to the peculiar characters displayed by the 
upper brachial plates, and also owing to the shape of the arms, which are wrapped 
around on themselves. I knowamong 0. fragilis no form in which the spines of the 
upper face are so much developed and appear so thick on a disk having such a com- 
paratively small diameter, while, on the contrary, the armature of the under face 
of the disk is extremely reduced and almost nonexistent. The upper brachial plates, 
instead of showing a more or less conspicuous distal angle, which is often upturned 
in the shape of a protruding beak, are rather quadrangular with a slightly convex 
distal side and they are not much wider than long. The shape of the mouth 
shields is also rather peculiar, since they are almost lozenge-shaped and as wide as 
long. As to the very curious dividing up displayed by the upper brachial plates 
in the first part of the arms, it is not safe to dwell on it, for it is perhaps an individual 
feature, but this seems to me most doubtful. 


124 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family OPHIOSCOLECID. 
OPHIOSCOLEX GLACIALIS Miller and Troschel. 
See for bibliography: 
Keehler (09), p. 198. 
Grieg (10), p. 6. 
Mortensen (10), p. 274. 
Siissbach and Breckner (11), p. 259. 

Albatross station 2092. Sept. 20, 1883. Lat. 39° 58’ 35’’ N.; long. 71° 00’ 
30’’ W.; 197 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 45° F. One specimen. 

The upper face of the disk has been torn away, but the rest of the specimen is 
in a very good condition and is perfectly well characterized. The diameter of the 
disk must have been from 22 to 24mm. The specimen is quite in conformity with 
those of the European seas with which I have been able to compare it. Certain 
articles of the bases of the arms exceptionally carry four spines, but I observe the 
same peculiarity in some examples from the Norwegian coasts. There can be no 
possibility of confusing this specimen with O. quadrispinus Verrill, which was 
found in Nova Scotia, and which is at once distinguishable from 0. glacialis through 
the presence of a tentacular scale. 

An individual in a very bad state, from stations 2582-83 and associated with 
numerous Ophiocten hastatum and Ophioglypha sarsii, undoubtedly belongs to the 


same species. 
OPHIOLEPTOPLAX ATLANTICA, new species. 


Plate 15, figs. 6-7. 


Albatross station 2659. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 32’ N.; long. 78° 42’; 509 
fathoms; br. for.; temp. 45.2° F. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32304, U.S.N.M. 

The specimen is, unfortunately, incomplete and the upper face of the disk has 
been completely torn away; judging by the traces left on the upper face of the arms, 
the diameter of the disk must have been 12 mm. or thereabout. The diameter 
of the circle formed by the external sides of the mouth shields is 5.5 mm. The 
arms are incomplete and the longest is preserved to a length of only 30 mm.; they are 
flattened and about 2.5 mm. wide. 

The mouth shields, which are not very large, are triangular, wider than long, 
with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side. The adoral plates, large 
and wide, are extremely elongated and four or five times longer than wide, but their 
edges are not absolutely parallel; they are, in fact, somewhat widened in their 
internal third part, become narrower at the level of the oral tentacular pore, which 
is very large, and then grow a little wider again outwardly, where they broadly 
separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are 
large, fairly wide, and elongated; on their free edges each of them carries four rather 
large, conical, and pointed papille, lying fairly apart from one another; the most 
external of these is located near the oral tentacular pore and is longer than the others. 
The teeth and the tooth papille are shaped like the mouth papille; they are not all 
preserved, but they seem to me to amount to five; three are found on a lower level 
and represent especially tooth papille, the other two, larger, are superposed and 
they correspond to two teeth. The mouth pieces are covered with fine granulations, 
rounded and loosely placed. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125 


The upper face of the arms is covered with a set of large lamelle, each of which 
undoubtedly represents an upper brachial plate. These lamella are very large, 
quadrangular, wider than long, and widened on their distal side, which is slightly 
rounded; the lateral sides are slightly divergent. Their surface displays extremely 
fine lines bounding hexagonal fields which are very dense and minute. These 
lamelle are exceedingly thin and completely transparent, so that they allow the 
underlying parts to be seen, the color of which is white above the vertebra and 
brownish above the muscles. 

The first brachial under plate is large, oval, and transversely widened. The 
following ones are quadrangular, longer than wide, their proximal edge being 
straight and narrower than the distal side which is broad and convex; this side most 
generally shows three distinct little lobes; the lateral sides are divergent and rather 
strongly excavated by the corresponding tentacular pores, which are very large. 
From the sixth plate upward the proximal side is replaced by an acute and elon- 
gated angle; the plates are then no longer contiguous, and, at the same time, they 
become much narrower in their middle region, owing to the extension of the ten- 
tacular pores, their distal side remaining still very wide and trilobed. 

The tentaaular pores are very large, rounded, and deprived of scales, excepting 
the oral pores which are each provided, on their interradial edge, with three conical 
and elongated papille which are inserted near the end of the adoral plate; the 
external papilla is even remarkable by its elongation and it constitutes an actual 
spine. 

The lateral plates, slightly protruding, carry each three subequal spines, the 
length of which equals that of the article; these spines have rounded ends and their 
surface microscopically appears covered with very fine, conical, and dense rugosities. 

Connections and differences.—The Ophiuran which I have just described seems 
to me to fit perfectly in the genus Ophioleptoplax recently introduced by H. L, 
Clark (11, p. 278). The type of this genus is O. megapora, which was discovered by 
the Albatross in the Japanese seas at lat. 32° 26’ N. and long. 129° 27’ 30” E., at 
a depth of 71 fathoms. The new species differs from it in having larger mouth 
shields, much more elongated adoral plates, more developed mouth and tooth 
papille, in having papille on the tentacular oral pores, and, lastly, in having much 
more elongated under brachial plates. 


OPHIOBYRSELLA QUADRISPINOSA, new species. 


Plate 16, figs. 2-3. 


Albatross station 2343. Jan.19, 1885. Lat. 23°11’ 35’’N.; long. 82°19’ W.; 
279 fathoms; fne. co. Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32305, U.S.N.M. 

The diameters of the disks are respectively 19 and 22 mm.; the arms are 
exceedingly long, very sinuous, and their length exceeds 170 mm. in the larger 
specimen. 

The disk is pentagonal with rounded angles. The upper face is covered with 
a bare tegument which is deprived of plates and spines and shows only a few dense 
and irregular folds. However, in the vicinity of the radial shields and at the margin 


126 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


of the disk, the folds disappear, the tegument becomes thinner though offering at 
the same time a few small rounded plates, well separated from one another, and 
very weakly developed. In the interval which separates the two radial shields of 
each pair, these plates appear at the height of the middle of the shields; they are 
at first small and loosely spread, and then they grow larger as the base of the arms 
is nearer; they even extend to the upper face of the arms on which they very soon 
disappear. On either side of the radial shields there are also to be found in the 
interradial spaces some plates which are small and scarce; these plates, besides, 
appear only near the very edge of the radial shields. These shields are strongly 
developed. Each of them constitutes an elongated and narrow plate, forming a 
fairly thick protuberance which is wider distally than proximally, and the length of 
which equals about half the radius of the disk. The two shields of each pair are 
far apart and the interval between them is almost equal to the width of the arm; 
they are directed almost parallel to each other. Every one of these shields is 
armed with a row of strong, elongated and sharp spines, which are shorter and more 
dense toward the proximal end of the shield, where they sometimes form two 
parallel rows. The little plates, which are near the radial shields, are absolutely 
unarmed. 

The under face of the disk in the interradial spaces is bare; the tegument which 
covers it is smooth, thin, and transparent. There are, however, near the genital 
slits, a few small, rounded and scattered plates which become a little more dense, 
and larger, as they come nearer the mouth shield. The genital slits are very con- 
spicuous; the genital plates are wide and quite distinct. 

The outlines of the mouth pieces are not very distinct, owing to the tegument 
which covers them. The mouth shields, which are rather small, are pentagonal, a 
little longer than wide and a little narrower proximally than distally; they offer an 
obtuse proximal angle, limited by two straight or slightly excavated sides; the 
lateral sides are straight and converging, the distal edge is narrow. The elongated 
and narrow adoral plates are slightly incurved in the shape of a crescent with 
parallel sides; they are three and a half times longer than wide. The oral plates 
are well developed, triangular, and very high. As a rule, there are on each side 
three oral papille which are strong, conical, blunt-pointed, and have a very rough 
surface. Besides, there are three or four tooth papille of the same shape as the 
foregoing ones, but stronger, and generally arranged in two superposed pairs. 

The arms are of medium breadth and the upper face is convex. The upper 
brachial plates do not exist. The slight, almost imperceptible calcification of the 
teguments, which is observed at the basis of the arms and which appears in the 
shape of small, very thin and rounded plates, which are analogous to those existing 
between the radial shields, does not go beyond the second article. 

The first under brachial plate is large, trapezoidal, wider than long, with a 
proximal edge which is wider than the distal edge toward which the lateral sides 
converge. The following plates are pentagonal, large, much wider than long, with 
a truncated proximal angle, short lateral sides which are excavated by the ten- 
tacular pores, and a rounded distal side which sometimes shows in its middle a 
very small notch. All these plates are contiguous. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127 


The lateral plates, which are very broad, carry each four spines, which are 
thin, pointed, flattened, transparent, and provided over their whole length with 
fairly strong denticulations; their length increases from the first ventral spine, 
which is equal to one and a half articles, to the third one, which is equal to two 
articles; the last dorsal spine is a little smaller. 

The tentacular pores are large, oval, and transversely widened; there is no 
tentacular scale. 

Connections and differences.—O. quadrispinosa is allied chiefly to O. hystricis 
(Lyman), and it recalls more particularly the example of that species which Bell 
represented in 1892.'. But it is at once distinguished from it by the absence of 
spines on the upper face of the disk out of the radial shields and by the brachial 
spines being larger and fewer. O. serpens (Lyman) has but three brachial spines 
which are strongly echinulated, not much covered by the tegument, and unequal. 

By the shields on its upper face and by the small number of spines this new 
Ophiuran very much resembles Ophiophryxus acanthinus, which has recently been 
described by W. K. Fisher, from a single specimen found in Japan between 94 and 
150 fathoms; but it differs from it in the mouth pieces and, besides other things, 
in the height of the oral plates and the development of the oral papille, as well as 
in the shape of the under brachial plates; it really belongs to the genus Ophiobyrsella, 
selected by Verrill out of the genus Ophiobyrsa. 


Family OPHIOCHONDRID&. 


OPHIOCHONDRUS GRANULATUS, new species. 
Plate 14, figs. 1, 4-5. 


About 15 specimens, found on branches of Platycaulis danielsseni, without any 
indication of locality. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32306, U.S.N.M. 

The diameter of the disk may reach 7 mm., and in several specimens it varies 
between 5 and 6 mm.; the others are smaller. The arms are more or less rolled 
up in a vertical plane, and it is difficult to exactly estimate their length; it is about 
25 mm. in some specimens, the disk of which is 5 mm. wide. 

The disk is pentagonal, more or less excavated in the interradial spaces; it is, 
besides, excavated at the bases of the arms between the two radial shields of each 
pair. The upper face is slightly convex and depressed in the central region while 
the radial shields are protruding. This upper face lies on a higher level than that 
of the bases of the arms. It is provided with plates which are covered up by a thin 
tegument, which, however, allows the limits of the plates to be seen on the dry 
specimens. These plates are rounded, small, subequal, somewhat imbricated, 
chiefly near the outline of the disk. Each of them bears in its middle a large 
cylindrical stump which is short and thick, with a rounded end armed with rather 
strong, short, pointed and unequal spinules which extend over on the sides of the 
stump, at the same time as they become much smaller, thus making the said sides 
very rough. The radial shields are quite apparent; they are elongated, protruding, 





1 On the classification of Ophiurids, 1892, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3. 


128 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


triangular, with a rounded proximal angle; they are twice and a half longer than 
wide and their length is about equal to half the radius of the disk. These shields 
are absolutely bare and their surface is deprived of stumps, except near the external 
edge, which may show two or three. The two shields of each pair are parallel 
to one another, and they are widely separated by two or three rows of plates. The 
under face of the disk is covered with small, imbricated, equal plates, the outlines 
of which are fairly distinct, and which may each carry a little elongated and conical 
granule. These granules appear chiefly near the outline of the disk, but they do not 
occur, however, until near the radial shields, chiefly on the larger samples. The 
genital slits are wide and very conspicuous and extend from the margin of the disk 
to the mouth shields. 

These shields are much wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded 
proximal angle, which is limited by two slightly incurved sides; the lateral angles 
are more or less thin and sharp; the distal side is convex and forms a lobe more or 
less protruding into the interradial space. According to the respective forms of 
this distal lobe and of the proximal angle, the shields are either triangular, which is 
the most frequent case, or lozenge-shaped. The rather large adoral plates are thick, 
two and a half times longer than wide, and bent in the shape of a crescent; they 
are narrower toward their distal end. The oral plates are triangular and rather 
small. The oral papille generally amount to four and are arranged in a regular 
row; they are rather thick and covered with sharp denticulations, which are very 
small and dense; the two internal papille are narrow and the two external ones 
are more widened. ‘To these papille are sometimes added two smaller ones which 
are intercalated between the former. The odd terminal papilla is larger than the 
others, wide, rounded, and rough. 

The upper brachial plates are fairly large, triangular, with a rounded proximal 
angle and a convex distal side; they are a little wider than long and they sometimes 
become a little campanuliform; from the second one upward, they are separated 
by a very wide interval. One meets sometimes on the first three or four articles 
a little rounded supernumerary plate at the base of the chief dorsal plate, but I do 
not observe this character except on the largest specimen, and I think it is due to 
age; it is important to note that neither the young nor the middle-aged ones show 
any indication of it. 

The first under brachial plate, which is rather large, is a little longer than wide, 
its proximal side being larger than its distal side. The four or five succeeding 
plates are large, very much widened, wider than long, triangular, with a very 
obtuse proximal angle and a strongly convex distal side. The width of the under 
plates then decreases progressively and they very soon become as long as wide; at 
the same time, they assume a pentagonal shape with two distinct lateral sides and 
a rounded distal side; they are broadly separated from each other from the second 
one upward. 

The protruding lateral plates carry five spines each. The first two ventral 
spines are shorter than the article; the third one is almost as long as the article, 
the fourth is larger, and the fifth reaches about one and a half articles. These 
spines are strong and thick, cylindrical, with an obtuse and rounded end, except 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129 


on the last dorsal spine which is more pointed than the others; their surface is very 
rough and it even offers very small and dense denticulations which are somewhat 
unequal. The brachial spines stand perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of 
the arm, and they do not lie at all on the lateral plates. 

The single tentacular scale is small, conical, with a blunt point; it is often 
hidden under the first ventral spine. The examples in alcohol are brownish-yellow. 

Connections and differences—Owing to the arms being rolled up in a vertical 
plane, and to their being inserted under the upper face of the disk, owing also to 
several other characters, this species evidently belongs to the genus Ophiochondrus, 
as it has been restricted by Verrill, and from which must be excluded O. squamosus, 
which forms the type of the genus Ophiochondrella. The new species which I have 
just described will easily be distinguished from the already known species by the 
following characters: O. convolutus Lyman possesses six spines and the disk is 
covered with numerous granules, which are very small and dense. 0. crassispinus 
Lyman also has its disk covered with very small granules, the radial shields are 
very large, and the spines amount to seven or eight. 0. gracilis Verrill is a small 
species, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 3 mm.; the characters of 
the upper face of the disk are unknown, but the brachial spines amount to eight. 
Lastly O. stelliger Lyman has its disk covered with minute granules, and the brachial 
spines amount to four only. 

Among the Ophiurans gathered by the Princesse Alice, I described under the 
name of Ophioplus armatus (07, p. 46, and 09, p. 203) an Ophiuran which was 
represented by two specimens only and which I have found again among the forms 
dredged by the Albatross. After a review of that species by the examination of more 
numerous specimens and a comparison with Ophiochondrus granulatus, it seems to 
me more correct to classify this Ophiuran also in the genus Ophiochondrus. I was 
tempted to place it in the genus Ophioplus owing chiefly to the state of the 
upper brachial plates, which are divided up, but it may be seen by the description of 
O. granulatus that this character may appear also in the genus Ophiochondrus. 
Moreover, the shape of the genital slits excludes from the genus Ophioplus the 
species from the Princesse Alice. Now the 0. granulatus which I have just described 
is very closely allied with O. armatus; I shall discuss the differences which separate 
these two species, after having described the specimens of O. armatus gathered 
by the Albatross. 


OPHIOCHONDRUS ARMATUS (Kehler). 
Plate 14, figs. 2-3, 6. 
Ophioplus armatus Kanter (09), p. 203, pl. 38, figs. 7, 8. 


Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44’ N.; long. 79° 26’ W.; 
440 fathoms; co. ers. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 02’. W; 
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 
421 fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen. 


130 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2667. June 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 55’ N.; long. 79° 42’ 30’” W.; 
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen. 
Albatross station 2668. June 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 
30’’ W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Three specimens. 
All the specimens are very small and the diameter of the disk ranges between 
2.5 and 5 mm. They agree with the two specimens which the Princesse Alice 
gathered in 1902 at latitude 36° N. and longitude 26° W., but as the arms of the 
latter, which were, besides, mostly incomplete, were not at all or very little rolled 
up, I referred these two specimens to the genus Ophioplus, taking as a basis chiefly 
the division of the upper brachial plates. A study of the specimens from the 
Albatross, which are more numerous and better preserved than those of the Princesse 
Alice, and above ail, a comparison with the species I have just described under 
the name of Ophiochondrus granulatus, have permitted my settling the generic 
position of O. armatus, and completing on several points my former description. 
The disk is more or less strongly excavated in the interradial spaces. The 
upper face is generally depressed in its center as well as in the interradii, while the 
radial parts are protruding, and at the margin of the disk they are placed on a 
higher level than that of the insertion of the arms. There are sometimes to be seen 
radial ribs which succeed the radial shields toward the center of the disk, but this 
arrangement is not constant. The upper face of the disk is covered with thin 
imbricated plates, with very plain outlines; each of these plates shows a granule 
which is now short and rounded, now a little elongated, but which as a rule is not 
very high in the American specimens; these granules are generally rather scattered 
and their surface is smooth. However, in the sample from station 2667, they are 
more numerous and stronger and are elongated into small conical stumps the 
end of which bears a few spinules which are extremely short. But these elon- 
gated granules hardly deserve the name of spines. On the two examples from the 
Princesse Alice, these stumps, which are rather numerous, are more elongated 
than on the American specimens; they may be conical and pointed, or their end 
may be obtuse and provided with a few spinules, but I must say that they are 
less elongated than shown in the drawings which I published in 1909, and where, 
in spite of my corrections, their length remained exaggerated. On all the specimens, 
I perceive radial shields, but these are small, very broadly separated and they have 
on their margin a few granules. 
The under face of the disk is covered with distinct, rounded, nonimbricated 
plates, which bear, chiefly near their margins, granules or small spines which 
_sometimes extend as far as the mouth shields. The genital slits extend as far as 
- the margin of the disk. 

The mouth shields are triangular, wider than long, with more or less conspicuous 
lateral angles, which sometimes are but slightly rounded; the distal side is always 
very convex on the American examples, and it shows in its middle a little lobe which 
is fairly well marked. The adoral plates, which are crescent-shaped, are generally 
less thick than on the two specimens from the Princesse Alice. 

The oral papille amount to only three on all the American specimens, and only 
on the two specimens of the Princesse Alice do they reach the figure four, which I 
have again ascertained. The odd dental papilla is large and thick. 


Ay i eT 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 131 


The brachial articles are elongated. The upper brachial plates do not show in 
the American specimens such a marked division as in the two types. Only on two 
specimens from station 2668 and on that from station 2667, where the diameter of 
the disk reaches 5 mm., do I observe this dividing, which is limited to the first two 
or three dorsal brachial plates; each of these plates offers a triangular chief portion 
with a truncated proximal angle and a proximal fragment which is larger on the 
first article, but very small on the following ones, where it is reduced to a small 
circular plate. The other upper plates are always whole; generally, there is left 
between their proximal angle and the distal margin of the preceding plate, a little 
space covered by the tegument and which is never beset by a plate. The dorsal 
brachial plates always remain a little longer than wide, and their proximal angle is 
rounded. 

The first under brachial plate is large, trapezoidal, longer than wide. The 
following ones are pentagonal, but in the American examples, they are compara- 
tively smaller than on my 1909 drawing, and they get separated beyond the second 
one; they are a't first a little wider than long. 

The lateral plates, very much elongated owing to the length of the articles, 
carry five short, thick spines which are beset with strong spinules in their terminal 
part; these spines do not exceed half the article, except the last dorsal one which 
is a little longer. These spines always remain more or less closely applied against 
the lateral plates. 

I had not noticed the tentacular scale in 1909. There is really one such scale, 
but it is very small, more or less buried in the tegument and very difficult to recog- 
nize; I have been unable, besides, to notice it on all the articles; it is spiniform. 

I have said above that O. granulatus is very near O. armatus, and one might 
first suppose that the latter is but a young stage of the former, but it is not so and 
it is easy to grasp the differences which separate the two species. The most obvious 
is supplied by the brachial spines which are much longer in O. granulatus and which, 
instead of being applied against the lateral plates, are on the contrary, off-standing 
and diverging from them. The upper plates of the disk, which are larger and less 
numerous than in O. armatus, are beset with strong and thick granules, provided 
with strong spinules which never get elongated into small, conical spines, but always 
remain cylindrical, and almost as long as wide. The dorsal brachial plates show 
no dividing up, except on the first two or three brachial articles, and they are much 
wider than long; lastly, the brachial articles are shorter. The oral papille may 
become fairly numerous in 0. granulatus, and in the large specimens they may 
amount to six or seven. It seems also that 0. armatus always remains rather small, 
while the dimensions of 0. granulatus are great. 

The differences which I have just indicated appear plainly when specimens of 
equal size are compared, such as a little specimen of O. granulatus which I have 
represented on plate 14, figure 4, compared with the examples of O. armatus repro- 
duced on the same plate. 


132 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family OPHIOMYXIDA. 


OPHIOMYXA FLACCIDA (Say). 
See for bibliography: 


Studer (88), p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 14. 
Ives (89), p. 178. 

Verrill (99), p. 65. 

H. L. Clark (01), p. 340. 
Keehler (07), p. 441. 

Verrill (07), p. 329. 

Keehler (13), p. 379. 


Key West, Florida. Thirteen specimens. 

Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens (one dry). 

New Providence, Bahamas. Two specimens. 

Santa Lucia. One specimen. 

St. Thomas. One dry specimen. 

O. flaccida is widely spread along the coasts of Florida down to Brazil, in the 
West Indies, Bermudas, etc. 


OPHIODERA STIMPSONI (Lyman). 


Ophioscolex stimpsonti Lyman (75), p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 11-15. 
Ophioscolex stimpsonti LyMAN (82), p. 234. 
Ophiodera stimpsonti VeRRILL (99), p. 67, pl. 2, figs. 44a. 


Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30” W.; 
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39’ N.; long. 79° 49’ W.; 421 
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 79° 38’ 
30” W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Two specimens. 

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34’ N.; long. 61° 03’ W.; 281 
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen. 

The diameter of the disk reaches 18 mm. in the specimen from station 2663 
and in one of the two from station 2668; the one from station 2753 is smaller 
(diameter of the disk 13-14 mm.). The second specimen from station 2668 is 
small and in a bad state of preservation. The arms of the larger examples are from 
75 to 85 mm. long. 

The brachial spines generally amount to three, a figure indicated by Lyman; 
there is sometimes an alternation between three and four spines, as indicated by 
Verrill, or between two and three. The oral papille number three on the speci- 
men from station 2753, and three or four in the others; on the first specimen, they 
show a regular shape with the free edge finely denticulated, as stated by Verrill; 
in the others, they are more irregular. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 133 


Family HEMIEURYALID. 


SIGSBEIA CONIFERA, new species. 
Plate 14, fig. 7; plate 17, fig. 6. 


Albatross station 2167 (type locality). May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; 
long. 82° 20’ 30’’ W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen. 

Albatross station 2330. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10’ 48’” N.; long. 82° 19’ 
15’’ W.; 121 fathoms; fne. gy. co. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32307, U.S.N.M. 

Both specimens were fixed on branches of Stylaster jilograna. 

I think we ought to refer to this species the small example described by Verrill 
under the name of Sigsbeia murrhina (91, p. 72, pl. 2, figs. 1, 1a); indeed the 
smaller of my two specimens is almost identical with it. 

Tn the larger sample, which comes from station 2167, the diameter of the disk 
is 5 mm., and in the smaller, it exceeds 3.5 mm.; the arms are more or less rolled up 
and it is difficult to appreciate their length, especially in the larger specimen; in the 
smaller one, they are hardly one centimeter long. 

I shall first describe the larger specimen. 

The disk is high and very thick, and its outline is pentagonal; the upper face is 
strongly convex and it joins by a rounded edge the under face which is plane. 

The upper face is occupied, centrally, by plates which are few, small, unequal, 
and irregularly polygonal; the space covered by them is of small extent. Distally, 
there come first the radial shields which are large, triangular, longer than wide, 
and the length of which very much exceeds half the radius of the disk. The two 
shields of each pair are separated over their whole length, but they are nearer one 
another distally than proximally and their internal edges are inclined toward 
each other; the external or interradial side is, on the contrary, almost exactly parallel 
to the corresponding side of the shield of the next pair. The two shields of each pair 
are separated by a row which includes three chief plates; the distal plate is very 
small and rectangular, the following one, which is larger, is triangular with rounded 
angles; lastly, the proximal plate, which is very large, generally offers also a tri- 
angular shape. This last plate, which proximally exceeds the end of the radial 
shields, is much protruding and carries a large conical tubercle with a blunt point, 
nearer to the distal angle of the plate; in one of the radii, this plate becomes double. 
A like, but smaller tubercle, appears also on the middle of the second plate. Two 
or three other very small plates fill up the interval between the last two plates. 
The interradial spaces are occupied by a row of narrow plates which generally 
amount to three; the first one is longer than wide, and the third one which is widened, 
occupies the margin of the disk. All the plates of the upper face of the disk appear 
to be firmly jointed to one another and their surface is covered with minute granules. 

The upper face of the disk is beset by a small number of unequal and polygonal 
plates, among which are seen the elongated and narrow genital plates. The genital 
slits extend out on a small part of the length of these plates; they are very short 
and retain the same width over their whole length, without showing inwardly 
that widening which exists in S. murrhina. 


134 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The mouth shields are always divided into two unequal parts by a transverse 
fissure. The external region, which is by far the more important, is sensibly wider 
than long; it is semicircular, with an almost straight proximal side and a very 
convex distal side. The proximal region forms a small triangle which wedges 
between the two adoral plates on half their length; it is, in fact, the proximal angle 
of the mouth shield which has got separated from the rest of the plate. The adoral 
plates are fairly large, oval, or piriform. The oral plates are elongated and high, 
almost twice longer than wide. The oral papille amount to four on each side, 
and their size rapidly decreases from the external papilla, which is large and wide, 
to the last two which are small, low, and little distinct. The tooth papilla, which is 
odd, is conical and a little larger than the foregoing one. 

The rather small upper brachial plates are swollen but not protruding; the 
first three are transversely widened and their length increases from the first one, 
which is very little developed, to the third; the latter is the largest of all; these three 
plates are contiguous on a large portion of their adjacent sides. Beyond the third 
one, the plates become triangular and about as long as wide, with a sharp proximal 
angle and a very convex distal side; the fourth plate is still contiguous with the third 
at its proximal angle, but, beyond the fourth, the plates are separated by an interval 
which is at first rather short and then becomes a little more elongated. 

The first under brachial plate is pentagonal and a little longer than wide with 
an obtuse proximal angle, diverging lateral sides, and a convex distal side. The 
succeeding plates are very large, quadrangular, with a straight proximal side 
much narrower than the distal side which is widened; the latter is at first convex 
and then it is slightly notched in its middle; the sides are divergent. These plates 
are wider than long and they are all contiguous. 

The largest portion of each lateral brachial plate is especially developed on the 
upper face of the arms; these plates wedge between the successive dorsal plates; 
their sides are parallel. The accessory piece is quadrangular, twice wider than 
long, with rounded angles. 

The brachial spines, amounting to two only, are short and papilliform, lying 
on the plate and a little longer than wide, with a rounded end; the ventral spine 
is a little more widened than the other. 

The tentacular scale is fairly developed and weil apparent; it is rounded and 
flattened. 

The brachial plates are, as the other plates of the body, covered with minute 
granules; these granules are a little more conspicuous on the lateral plates. 

The color of the two examples in alcohol is grayish. 

The smaller specimen corresponds fairly well to Verrill’s description; it differs 
from it chiefly by the large radial plates, which separate the proximal regions from 
the radial shields. These plates already show a beginning of a protuberance 
corresponding to the conical and protruding tubercle which J have referred to 
above, and which does not yet exist on Verrill’s specimen. The two radial shields 
of each pair are also slightly converging distally; the centro-dorsal plate is very 
distinct. The mouth shields have actually the same shape as in the adult, and 
their proximal angle is separated from the rest of the plate (an arrangement which 
Verrill does not mention, but which, however, seems to be indicated on his drawing). 


ae 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135 


The genital slits are already apparent. The under brachial plates are separated 
by the lateral plates. 

Connections and differences.—S. murrhina was described by Lyman from a 
specimen, the diameter of which was 12 mm.; I do not think it possible to refer to 
that species the two specimens dredged by the Albatross, nor the young specimen 
from the Bahama expedition, as Verrill has done, for the arrangement of the plates 
of the upper face of the disk is very different. In fact, S. murrhina shows a distinct 
central rosette, and all the upper plates of the disk are coarsely tuberculous, but 
it does not offer the slightest indication of that large radial plate which is provided 
with a conical protuberance, nor of the similar plate which succeeds the former, 
both of which plates are characteristic of S. conifera. In the latter, the central 
rosette is already dissociated in a specimen which has a disk not exceeding 5.5 mm. 
in diameter. In S. murrhina, the disk itself is flattened and not thick and swollen; 
the upper brachial plates are transversely oval and not triangular; the shape of the 
mouth pieces and of the genital slits also differs in the two species. The arms also 
seem to be longer in S. murrhina, but this might be due to a difference in size. 

In 8S. lineata Liitken and Mortensen from the Pacific, the upper plates of the 
disk are neither tuberculous nor protruding, and the brachial spines are three in 
number. 

SIGSBEIA SEXRADIATA, new species. 


Plate 17, figs. 4-5. 


Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34’ N.; long. 61° 03’ W.; 281 
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. Two specimens fixed on a branch of coral. * 

Type.—Cat. No. 32308, U.S.N.M. 

Both examples are very small and the diameters of the disk do not exceed, 
respectively, 2 and 1.5 mm.; however, they display characters sufficiently plain to 
allow of their being described and they are at once noticeable by the number of their 
arms, which are six. In the larger specimen four arms only are preserved, the other 
two being broken at their base; of the preserved arms, two are wider and a little 
longer than the others; all these arms are strongly rolled up and it is difficult to 
estimate their length which certainly does not reach 7 or 8 mm. In the smaller 
one, three arms only are preserved, one of which is smaller than the others. 

The disk is circular, rather thick, with a rounded outline; it is depressed in its 
central region which is beset by a dozen small, polygonal, unequal, and irregularly 
arranged plates; there is not the slightest indication of a primary rosette. Out- 
wardly come the radial shields, which form an uninterrupted circle; these shields 
are large, triangular, one and a half times longer than wide, with a rounded proxi- 
mal angle and a concave distal side; the two shields of each pair are contiguous on 
the whole length of their radial side, and each pair is contiguous with two neighbor- 
ing pairs. Each radial shield is succeeded by a large, rounded, and globulous plate, 
which is wider than long and sometimes divided into two successive parts; the two 
plates of each pair are generally separated by a narrow interval which allows the 
first upper brachial plate to be seen, while, on their external side, the plates are more 
approximated to the next ones or even are contiguous with them. These plates 
form the lateral faces of the disk and they extend over to the under face where 

6061°—Bull, 84—14——10 


136 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


they meet the mouth shields. There are no other plates in the interradial spaces, 
and this is probably due to the youth of the samples. The genital slits appear as 
small, oval, and narrow openings, located between the external angle of each mouth 
shield and the first lateral brachial plate. 

The mouth shields aré small and very narrow; they are twice longer than wide, 
with a very obtuse proximal angle and two converging lateral sides which meet by 
a rounded angle; they are compressed between the two large plates which I have 
just mentioned and the adoral plates. The latter are very much developed; they 
are trapezoidal, the proximal side being twice as long as the distal side, and they 
are contiguous over the whole length of their internal side. The oral plates are 
small, longer than wide. The oral papille amount to four on each side; the external 
papilla is extremely large and wide, oval, squamiform, and obliquely erect; the 
following three are very small, papilliform and conical. The odd terminal papilla 
is scarcely larger than its neighbors. 

The upper brachial plates are very large, excepting the first one, which is short; 
they are triangular, much wider than long, with an obtuse and rounded proximal 
angle and a more or less convex distal side, which meets the lateral sides by rounded 
angles. These plates are very much approximated to one another, but not abso- 
lutely in contact. 

The under brachial plates are little developed, and the first three alone exist. 
The first plate is narrow and compressed between the two adoral plates; it is lozenge- 
shaped and longer than wide. The second and third plates are rather small, pen- 
tagonal, a little wider than long, their angles being rounded and not very distinct; 
they appear less plainly on the smaller than on the larger sample. Beyond these 
plates, the under face of the arms offers a narrow median stripe of membranous 
tissue, which is limited on both sides by the side plates. 

The latter are developed chiefly on the arm sides and they do not meet on the 
median ventral line, but they always remain separated by that stripe of soft tissue 
which I have just referred to. They carry on their distal side a row of large, rounded, 
and rough globules, which are hardly longer than wide and amount to four at the 
base of the arms; these globules represent as many brachial spines and the last 
globule is somewhat smaller than the others. Within the row formed by the said 
spines there is a tentacular scale, the shape of which rather recalls that of the brachial 
spines, although it is more flattened and somewhat shorter than they are. The 
lateral plates are simple and there is no indication of a supplementary plate. All 
the plates of the body, as well on the disk as on the arms, are covered with very 
minute granules. 

Connections and differences.—I refer to the genus Sigsbeia the two Ophiurans 
which I have just described, although their lateral plates are not divided, but this 
division might appear on older samples; the absence of under brachial plates on 
the largest part of the arms is evidently a youthful character. By the shape of the 
upper brachial plates, S. searadiata recalls S. conifera; which I have just described, 
but it differs from it in the shape of the plates of the upper face of the disk as well 
as in the number of arms; this latter character, besides, separates S. searadiata 
from the few other species actually known of the genus Sigsbeia. 


OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137 


Family ASTROCHEMID/E. 


ASTROCHEMA ELONGATUM, new species. 
Plate 17, figs. 1-3; plate 18, fig. 8. 


Fish Hawk station 7280. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 17’ 05’’ N.; long. 81° 58’ 
25’’ W.; 132 fathoms; sand; temp. 52° F. Three specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 32309, U.S.N.M. 

The jar containing the three specimens was, unfortunately, badly corked and 
consequently reached me completely dried, as well as a few Ophiomitra valida, which 
accompanied them; the result is that the arms, which by the way are very long, 
are fixed up in the position which they occupied when in alcohol, and as they are 
strongly twisted up, it is rather difficult to form an accurate idea of their real length. 

In the largest specimen, the diameter of the disk reaches 11 mm. from the end 
of a radial rib to the middle of the opposite interradius; the length of the arms must 
have been about 30 centimeters. The other two samples are smaller, and the 
diameters of their disks, respectively, measure 8 and 7 mm. 

The disk is strongly excavated in the interradial spaces and is very thick. The 
upper face is convex, more or less depressed in the central region; the under face 
is plane. The upper face has 10 protruding and much elongated radial ribs which 
all meet toward the center of the disk; the two ribs of each pair always remain 
somewhat separated from each other by a more or less broad space. These ribs are 
very narrow and they preserve the same width over almost all their length, except 
at the proximal end which grows rapidly thinner and at the distal end which, on the 
contrary, is widened. These ribs are noticeable not only from their being very 
protruding, but also from their white color which shows off on the rest of the disk, 
the tegument of which is dark brown. They are beset with thick granules which 
are very dense and contiguous, and among which some bigger ones are noticeable 
which are separated by other much smaller ones; all these granules, even the 
largest ones, are rounded. The radial and interradial spaces of the upper face are 
covered by a tegument carrying granules which always remain smaller than those 
of the radial ribs; these granules also are unequal, but they are less dense than on 
the ribs. When reaching the margin of the disk, and also in the vicinity of the 
distal end of the radial ribs, these granules become a little coarser and they pro- 
gressively extend over to the granules of the upper face of the arms. 

The lateral faces of the disk, which are obliquely directed inwardly, meet the 
upper face by a rather conspicuous angle; they show the same coloring as the radial 
and interradial spaces of the said face, and they are covered with similar granules. 
The two genital slits of each interradial space are obliquely directed inward, and 
converge toward the ventral face; they are elongated, rather wide, and preserve 
the same width over their whole length, which reaches 3 mm. 

The under face of the disk is covered with minute granules, of a uniform size, 
and separated from each other; these granules become a little stronger toward the 
margin of the disk in the interradial spaces; on the contrary, in the radial parts 
they succeed the analogous but somewhat smaller granules existing on the under 
face of the arms. 


138 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The outlines of the mouth pieces are completely hidden by the teguments. 
Large rounded granules, which form two or even three regular rows, extend along 
the mouth angles and represent oral papille. At the end of the jaws, there is a 
group of two or three tooth papille which are more developed than the preceding 
ones, flattened and lanceolate. 

The arms are somewhat higher than broad; the upper face is strongly convex 
and the under face is flattened. They are a little narrower at the beginning and 
then they become slightly wider 2 or 3 centimeters from the base; at the same 
time, the division into successive rings becomes more apparent. The granules of the 
radial ribs extend over to the upper face of the arms where there are to be found, as 
well as on these ribs, fairly large granules separated by other smaller ones, it being so 
on the first six or eight brachial articles; beyond the granules lie wider apart, and 
at the same time, their size decreases and becomes uniform. There are then to be 
seen only loose minute granules which become still fewer and smaller as the distance 
from the disk increases; finally, the granules completely disappear about 10 centi- 
meters from the basis of the arms, and their upper face consequently remains 
completely smooth. 

The granules of the upper face of the arms extend over to the lateral faces with 
the same characters; they become, however, a little smaller and more uniform 
toward the under edge of the arms. On the under face of the arms granules are 
again found which are analogous to those of the upper face of the disk, although 
much smaller, but these granules rapidly become very small and fewer and they 
finally disappear 3 or 4 centimeters from the disk. 

The first pair of brachial tentacular pores is deprived of scales. On each pore 
of the three succeeding pairs, one only is to be seen, and the second scale appears 
on the pores of the fifth pair in the largest specimen. 

These scales always have the shape of almost cylindrical spines, with thin but 
obtuse ends. The length of the internal spine progressively increases from the 
pores of the second pair and it finally reaches one and a half articles; this spine 
is rather strong, a little thinned at its tip, and it shows in its terminal part, on about 
one-third of its length, rather strong successive denticulations. The external spine 
always remains much weaker; it is conical and more pointed than the internal one, 
and it hardly exceeds half the length of the latter; it also displays in its terminal 
part denticulations, which, however, are weaker than on the internal spine. 

In the second specimen, the disk of which is 8 mm. in diameter, the external 
spine appears generally from the fourth article upward, and in the third specimen, 
which is smaller, it appears now on the fourth, now on the fifth article. 

After the above description was written, I received an additional specimen 
from the U. S. National Museum, as follows: 

Albatross station 2152. Apr. 30, 1884. 24 miles NW. of Havana Light; 
387 fathoms; co., temp. 49° F. One specimen. 

The specimen is incomplete; the arms are all broken off near Ae basis and a few 
loose fragments only are preserved. 

The “sample was labeled Astrochema arenosum, but the determination is evi- 
dently incorrect, and we have to deal here with A. elongatum, a new species which 
I have described above from specimens of the U. S. National Museum. I mention 





OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139 


this specimen here and reproduce (pl. 18, fig. 8) an arm piece, because it shows a 
peculiarity which I did not observe in the specimens which I used as types. In 
fact, at the level of each brachial article, one of the granules of the upper face is 
seen to take on a great development and to swell into a large conical nipple with 
rounded end, which is very conspicuous and very much protruding above the level 
of the next granules. This peculiarity is observed chiefly at the beginning of the 
arms. I can but mention this special arrangement, which might perhaps justify 
the introduction of a distinct variety, if it were found again on other samples. 
By all its other characters, this individual may be referred to A. elongatum. 

Connections and differences—Among the Astrochema for which A. elongatum 
might be mistaken, I shall cite chiefly A. clavigerum Verrill, inornatum Keebler, 
intectum Lyman, and nuttingii Verrill. The distinction between them will be found 
in the following characters. 

A. clavigerum has protruding radial ribs, which, however, are widened; the 
upper face of the disk and arms is covered with small, smooth granules which 
become only a little stronger on the radial ribs without offering those inequalities 
which I notice in the new species. The internal tentacular scale takes on a remark- 
able development, and it is, besides, swollen at its end in the shape of a club. A. 
inornatum has wide and little protruding radial ribs, which are uniformly covered 
with small granules similar to those on the rest of the upper face of the disk; the 
upper face of the arms also is uniformly granulous and the granules are always less 
coarse than in A. elongatum. The arms are shorter and the internal brachial spine 
is more club-like toward the end; the second spine always appears a little farther 
away than in A. elongatum, and, as a rule, near the seventh pair of pores. In A. 
intectum from Havana, the under face of the arms is altogether bare and as to the 
tentacular scales there are already two appearing on the pores of the second pair. 
In A. nuttingii, the pores even of the first pair each carry a tentacular scale, and the 
second scale appears either on the pores of the second or on those of the third pair. 
The upper face of the arms offers but a bare tegument with a few very much reduced 
granules, which, however, become more distinct at a certain distance from the disk; 
the under face of the disk and of the arms is almost bare. The tentacular mouth 
pores each bear a little distal scale; the row of oral papille is more regular and the 
tentacular scales are longer and narrower. Lastly, the radial ribs seem to be wider 
and less protruding than in A. elongatum. 

The other species from the West Indies are easily distinguished from A. 
elongatum. 


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ington, 1885. 

87. MarKTANNER-TuURNERETSCHER, G. Beschreibungen neuer Ophiuriden. Arm. k. k. nat. Hof- 
museums, vol. 2. 

89. Ives, J. E. Catalogue of the Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea in the Collection of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1889. 

98. MorteNnsEN, Tu. Ueber Ophiopus arcticus. Zeits. fiir wiss. Zodl., vol. 56. 

94. Verrut, A. E. Descriptions of new species of Starfishes and Ophiurans. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 17. 

96. Ke@uter, R. Note préliminaire sur les Ophiures des premitres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. 
Bull. Soc. Zodl. France, 1896. 

Echinodermes recueillis par 1’ Investigator dans V'océan Indien. Les Ophiures de mer 

profonde. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zodl., Sér. 8, vol. 4. 


97. 





141 


142 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


98. Ka@uer,R. Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle. Rés. Sci. cam- 
pagnes du Prince de Monaco. Fasc. 12. 

An account of the Deep Sea Ophiuridea collected by the Roy. Indian Marine Survey 
Ship Investigator. Calcutta, 1899. 

99. Lupwic, H. Jugendformen von Ophiuren. Sitz. k. Akad. Berlin, 1899. 

99. Liirken, Cu., and Mortensen, To. The Ophiuride, in: Report on an Exploration . . . by 
Steamer Albatross. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 23, No. 2. 

99. Verru1, A. E. Report on the Ophiuroidea collected by the Bahama Expedition, 1893. Bull. 
Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, 1899. 

99a. North American Ophiuroidea. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 10. 

O01. Crarx, Husert Lyman. The Echinoderms of Porto Rico. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1900, 
vol. 2. 


99. 











Ola. Bermudan Echinoderms. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 24. 

038. MorrensEN, TH. Echinoderms from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grgnland, vol. 29. 

04. Ka@utrr, R. Ophiures de l’Expédition du Siboga. Pt.1. Ophiures de mer profonde. Leiden, 
1904. 

04. Lupwic, H. Brutpflege bei Echinodermen. ,Zo6l. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 7. 

05. Kener, R. Ophiures de l’Expédition du Siboga. Pt. 2. Ophiures littorales. Leiden, 1905. 

05. Lupwie, H. Asterien und Ophiuren der schwedischen Expedition nach der Magalhaenslaendern. 
Zeit. fiir wiss. Zodél., vol. 82. 

O5a. . Einentoparasitischer Chaetopod in einer Tiefsee-Ophiure. Zool. Anz., vol. 29, pp. 397-399. 

06. Kanter, R. Résultats scientifiques de la campagne du Caudan dans le golfe de Gascogne. 
Echinodermes, Lyon, 1906. 

07. Grizc, J. A. Echinodermata, in: Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the 
Fram, 1898-1902. Christiania, 1907. 

07. Ka@uter, R. Révision des Ophiures du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. Bull. Sci., vol. 44. 

O7a. Ophiures. Résultats scientifiques des campagnes du Travailleur et du Talisman, vol. 8. 

08. ———. Astéries, Ophiures et Echinides de lExpédition antarctique nationale Ecossaise. 
Trans. Roy. Acad. Edinburgh, vol. 46. 

O08. CrarK, Husert Lyman. Some Japaneseand East Indian Echinoderms. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 
vol. 51, No. 11. 

Notes on some Australian and Indo-Pacific Echinoderms. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 
vol. 52, No. 7. 

09. K@uter, R. Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice. Rés. Sci. cam- 
pagnes du Prince de Monaco, Fasc. 34. 

10. Griea, J. A. Echinodermes, in: Duc d’Orléans, Campagne arctique de 1907. Bruxelles, 1910. 

10. Mortensen, To. Reports on the Echinoderms. Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Grgnlands Nordgst- 
kyst, 1906-1908, vol. 5. 

11. Crarx, Huserr Lyman. North Pacific Ophiurans in the collection of U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 
No. 75, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

11. Siisspacu, S., and Brecxner, A. Die Seeigel, Seesterne und Schlangensterne der Nord-Ostsee. 
Wiss. Meeresuntersuchungen . . . in Kiel, vol. 12. 

12. Kener, R. Echinodermes. Deuxitme Expédition Antarctique francaise commandée par le 
Dr. J. Charcot. Paris, 1912. 

Ophiures. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 11. 

Echinodermes recueillis par le Dr. Charcot dans les mers antarctiques. Bull. Mus. hist. 

nat., Paris, 1913. 








09. 








os 
13a. 








Fig. 


Coan on h OD 


ankr WN Re Nour ODF atk WO De 
. . . 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


Prate 1. 


. Ophioderma elaps, side view ofanarm. 3. 

. Ophioderma elaps, portion of the upper face of the disk and of anarm. 3. 
. Ophioglypha irrorata, under face. 2. 

. Ophiogly pha irrorata, upper face. 2. 

. Ophioglypha sarsii, young, upper face. 9. 


Ophioglypha sarsti, young, upper face. 5. 


. Ophiomusium rugosum, upper face. X4. 
. Ophiomusium rugosum, under face. 4. 
. Ophiomusium sculptum, upper face. 6. 


Puate 2. 


. Ophioderma sp., young; upper face. X4. 
. Ophioderma sp., young; under face. X¢4. 
. Ophioglypha coronata, upper face. X4. 

. Ophioglypha coronata, under face. 4. 

. Ophioglypha convera, under face. 4. 

. Ophioglypha convexa, upper face. 4. 


Puate 3, 


. Ophiomusium armigerum, upper face. 5. 
. Ophioglypha lepida, upper face. X3. 
. Ophiomisidiwm speciosum, upper face. 7. 


Ophiomisidium speciosum, under face. XT. 


. Ophioglypha elevata, under face. 6. 
. Ophiomyces mirabilis, under face. 6. 
. Ophiomusium testudo, upper face. 7. 


Puate 4. 


. Amphiura fleruosa, upper face. 6. 
. Amphiura flecuosa, under face. X6. 


Amphiura kinbergiensis, under face of a specimen from the Albatross. 8. 


. Amphiura kinbergiensis, under face of a specimen from the Travailleur and the Talisman. 8. 
. Amphiura latispina, under face. 7. 
. Amphiura latispina, upper face. 7. 


Puate 5. 


. Amphiura kinbergiensis, upper face of a specimen from the Albatross. 8. 

. Amphiura kinbergiensis, upper face of a specimen from the Travailleur and the Talisman. X8. 
. Amphiura complanata, upper face. X¢4. 

. Amphiura complanata, under face of another specimen. 5. 


Amphiura complanata, upper face of the specimen illustrated in fig. 4. 5. 
Amphiura complanata, under face of the specimen illustrated in fig. 3. 4. 


. Ophiocnida loveni, upper face. 7. 
. Ophiocnida lovent, under face. X7. 


143 


Cates 


144 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


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BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


PLATE 6. 


Amphiodia liitkeni, wpper face. X7. 


. Amphiodia liitkeni, under face. X7. 

. Amphiodia riisei, under face. X7. 

. Amphiodia erecta, upper face of smaller specimen. 11. 
. Amphiodia erecta, under face of the same. X11. 

. Amphiodia erecta, upper face of the larger specimen. 6. 
. Amphiodia erecta, under face of the same. 6. 


Pate 7. 


. Amphiura stimpsoni, upper face. X11. 

. Amphiura stimpsoni, under face. 14. 

. Amphiura fibulata, upper face. 5. 

. Amphiura fibulata, under face. 7. 

. Amphiura fibulata, upper face of the disk of the same specimen, more enlarged. 
. Amphiura diducta, upper face. X8. 

. Amphiura diducta, under face. X8. 


PLATE 8. 


. Ophiophragmus wundermani, upper face. 4. 
. Ophiophragmus wundermani, under face. 4. 
. Ophiacantha bidentata, under face. 4. 
. Ophiacantha bidentata, under face. X4. 


Amphiura otteri, upper face of one of Ljungman’s types. 4. 
Amphiura otteri, under face of the same. X4. 


, Amphiura otteri, under face of a specimen from the Albatross. 5. 
. Amphiura otteri, under face of an arm of one of Ljungman’s types. X06. 
. Amphiura otteri, upper face of the same arm. Xd. 


Puate 9. 


. Ophiacantha meridionalis, upper face. X6. 
. Ophiacantha meridionalis, under face. X6. 
. Ophiacantha pentacrinus, upper face. X10. 
. Ophiacantha pentacrinus, under face. X10. 
. Ophiacantha sp., allied to O. pentacrinus; upper face. 10. 
. Ophiacantha sp., allied to O. pentacrinus; under face of the same specimen. 10. 


PLATE 10. 


. Ophiomitrella levis, under face. 10. 

. Ophiacantha granulifera, upper face. X4. 

. Ophiacantha granulifera, under face. 5. ) 
. Ophiomitra robusta, upper face. 4. 

. Ophiomitra robusta, under face. 4. 

. Ophiomitrella levis, upper face. X10. 


PuaTE 11. 


. Ophiacantha aculeata, upper face. 4. 

. Ophiacantha aculeata, under face. 4. 

. Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) permixta, upper face. 4. 

. Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) permixta, under face. 4.5. 
. Ophiacantha fraterna, upper face. X4. 

. Ophiacantha fraterna, under face. 4. 


x7. 


i 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


on 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 


Fig. 


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EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 145 


PuaTe 12. 


. Ophiotrema gracilis, wpper face. 4. 

. Ophiotrema gracilis, under face. 5.5. 

. Ophiotrema alberti, upper face. 3. 

. Ophiotrema alberti, under face. 3. 

. Ophiomitrella porrecta, upper face. 6. 
. Ophiomitrella porrecta, under face. 6. 


Puate 13, 


. Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) affinis, under face. 4. 

. Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) affinis, upper face. 4. 

. Ophacantha (Ophiotreta) afinis, under face of another specimen. X65. 
. Ophiomitrella levipellis, upper face. 9. 

. Ophiomitrella levipellis, under face. 9. 

. Ophiacantha vepratica, upper face. 5. 


Puate 14. 


. Ophiochondrus granulatus, under face. 7. 

. Ophiochondrus armatus, upper face. 8. 

. Ophiochondrus armatus, under face. X8. 

. Ophiochondrus granulatus, wpper face of a small specimen. 6. 

. Ophiochondrus granulatus, wpper face of a larger specimen, the under face of which is illustrated 


in fig. 1. x6. 


. Ophiochondrus armatus, more enlarged under iace of the specimen illustrated in fig. 3. 7. 
. Sigsbeia conifera, upper face. 8. 


Puate 15. 


. Ophiomitrella americana, upper face. 6. 
. Ophiomitrella americana, under face. X6. 
. Ophiacantha anomala, upper face of a fairly large specimen. 8. 


Ophiacantha anomala, under face of the same. 4. 


. Ophiacantha anomala, under face of a young specimen. 8. 
. Ophioleptopiax atlantica, upper face. 7. 
. Ophioleptoplax atlantica, under face. 7. 


PuaTe 16. 


. Ophiothrix convoluta, upper face. X4. 

. Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, upper face. 1.7. - 

. Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, under face. 1.7. 

. Ophiologimus secundus, upper tace. X10. 

. Ophiologimus secundus, under face. X12. 

. Ophiothriz convoluta, upper face of the disk, more enlarged than in fig. 1. 7.5. 


Puate 17. 


. Astrochema elongatum, upper face. 3. 

. Astrochema elongatum, under face of the whole animal, slightly reduced. 
. Astrochema elongatum, under face, more enlarged. 3. 

. Sigsbeia sexradiata, upper face. X11. 


Sigsbeia sexradiata, under face. X11. 


. Sigsbeia conifera, under face. 8. 


146 


BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Puate 18, 


. Amphiura palmeri, under face. 7. 
. Ophioderma clypeata, upper face. X1.6. 
. Amphiura palmeri, upper face. 6. 


Ophioderma elaps, under face. 2.7. 
Amphiura rathbuni, upper face. 7. 
Ophioderma clypeata, under face. 2.7. 


. Amphiura rathbuni, under face. 7. 
. Astrochema elongatum, side view of an arm near the base. 3. 


BULLETIN 8&4 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


E14 





PL. 2 


B+ 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OF PLATE SEE PAGE 143. 


FoR EXPLANATION 





U. S. NATIONAL M 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 84 PL. 4 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 143. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLE 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 143. 





BULLETIN 84 PL. 6 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 144. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 84 PL. 7 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 144, 





BULLETIN 84 PL. 8 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 144. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 144. 













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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


144. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLE 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 145, 





BULLETIN 84 PL. 13 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





PL. 14 


84 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





RANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIU 





BULLETIN 84 PL. 15 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIURANS OF THE U. 





U. §&. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 84 PL. 16 





OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 145 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Bl -ETIN 84 


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OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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A SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF WEST INDIAN OPHIURANS IN THE UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 


These have not been examined by Prof. R. Keehler and consequently are not 
mentioned in the preceding portion of this Bulletin. 


OPHIUR&. 
Family OPHIODERMATID. 


OPHIODERMA ! APPRESSA (Say). 

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

Old Providence; U.S. Fish Comm. Str. Albatross. 

Caledonia Bay, Colombia. 
OPHIODERMA BREVICAUDA Liitken. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Caledonia Bay, Colombia. 
OPHIODERMA BREVISPINA (Say). 

Cape Florida, Florida; G. Wurdemann. 

Marco, Florida; J. W. Velie. 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

Bahamas; H. Bryant. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

Sabanilla, Colombia. 

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 30’ W., 
27 fathoms, g. 

Albatross station 2407, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 84° 37’ 00” W., 
24 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 
OPHIODERMA CINEREA Miiller and Troschel. 

Key Biscayne, Florida; G. Wurdemann. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton. 

Cura¢ao; Albatross; numerous specimens of which one is 4-armed. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’ W., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 20’ W., 
122 fathoms, co. : 

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 48’’ W., 
130 fathoms, fne. co. 

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’ N.; long. 82°17’ 45”’ W., 
115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 24’”’ W., 
67 fathoms, wh. co. 





1 This was called Ophiura by Lyman. 


6061°—Bull. 84—14——11 


147 


148 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIODERMA RUBICUNDA Liitken. 


St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 


OPHIOPEPALE GOESIANA Ljungman. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08” W., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2160, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 31’” N.; long. 82° 20’ 37’’ W., 
167 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 28” W., 
146 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2163, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 29’’ W.., 
133 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’’ W., 
196 fathoms, co., temp. 71.9° F. 

Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 06’’ W., 


143 fathoms, gy. co. 
Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 48”’ W., 


130 fathoms, fne. co. 
Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 45”’ W., 


115 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 54”” W., 


182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 
Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 03’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 45’” W., 


118 fathoms, wh. co. 
Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 52”” W., 


157 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21”’ W., 


199 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’’ W., 


200 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21”” W., 


211 fathoms, co. 


OPHIOPYREN LONGISPINUS Lyman. 
Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 23’ 45’’ W., 


130 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2355, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 56’ 48’ N.; long. 86° 27’ 00’’ W., 
399 fathoms, yl. oz. 


OPHIARACHNELLA ANGULATA (Lyman). 
Albatross station 2133-2134, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 55’’ to 56’ 06’’ N.; long. 


75° 48’ 03’ to 47’ 32’’ W., 290 to 254 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 58’’ N.; long. 75° 47’ 07’ W., 
250 fathoms, hrd. co. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 00” W., 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’’ W., 
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 


Se ae ee 


OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN, 149 


OPHIARACHNELLA PETERSI (Lyman). 

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39”” N.; long. 82° 18’ 48”’ W., 
130 fathoms, fne. co. 
BATHYPECTINURA LACERTOSA (Lyman). 

Albatross station 2379, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 00’ 15’ N.; long. 87° 42’ 00’’ W., 
1,467 fathoms, yl. oz. 

Albatross station 2380, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 02’ 30’ N.; long. 87° 43’ 45” W., 
1,430 fathoms, br. m.; temp. 40.1° F. 

Albatross station 2381, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 05’ 00’ N.; long. 87° 56’ 15’’ W., 
1,330 fathoms, It. br. m. 

Albatross station 2395, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 86° 50’ 00’” W. 
347 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 44.1° F. 

Albatross station 2396, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 34’ 00” N.; long. 86° 48’ 00’’ W 
335 fathoms, gy. m. 


my 





ae 


Family OPHIOLEPID®. 

OPHIOLEPIS ELEGANS Liitken. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45" N.; long. 81° 46’ 45’ W 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2318, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45/7 N.; long. 81° 46’00’’ W 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2374, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 11’ 30’” N.; long. 85° 29’ 00’’ W 
26 fathoms, s. g. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2388, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 24’ 30’ N.; long. 88° 01’ 00’" W 
35 fathoms, yl. s. bk. sp. 

Albatross station 2389, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 28’ 00’’ N.; long. 87° 56’ 00’ W 
27 fathoms, gy. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’’ W. 
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co. 

Albatross station 2407, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 84° 37’ 00’ W. 
24 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2410, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 47’ 30’ N.; long. 83° 25’ 15’” W. 
28 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. 
OPHIOLEPIS PAUCISPINA (Say). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 
OPHIOZONA MARMOREA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’’ W 
216 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOZONA CLYPEATA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40” N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’ W 
189 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’ W 
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 


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150 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIOZONA NIVEA Lyman. 
Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. 


63° 31’ 30” W., 


Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 24 miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 


fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. 


Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 


98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 30’ N.; long. 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2358, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 00’’ N.; long. 
222 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 10’” N.; long. 
231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F. 
OPHIOZONA TESSELLATA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’” N.; long. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 
OPHIOZONA IMPRESSA (Liitken). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Curacao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; long. 
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’ N.; long. 
196 fathoms, co.; temp. 71.9° F. 

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’” N.; long. 
115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2326, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 
194 fathoms, br. co., temp. 62° F. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 
204 fathoms. 


82° 20’ 08” W., 
82° 20’ 25” W., 
82° 20’ 30” W., 
82° 20’ 20’ W., 
82° 18’ 00” W., 
82° 17’ 54” W., 
87° 03’ 30” W., 


87° 03’ 30” W., 


82° 18’ 00” W., 


82° 17’ 54” W., 


75° 38/25” W., 
75° 39’ 00” W., 
82° 20’ 08” W., 
82° 20’ 30” W., 
82° 17’ 45" W., 
82° 18’ 54” W., 
82° 17' 54” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 151 





; Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 52”” W., 
157 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 00’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 06’ W., 
143 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’ W., 
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 
| Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15” W., 
| 182 fathoms, co. 
| OPHIOZONA DUBIA Lyman. 
Albatross station 2383, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 32’ 00’ N.; long. 88° 06’ 00’ W., 
| 1,181 fathoms, br. gn. m., temp. 39.8° F. 
OPHIERNUS ADSPERSUS Lyman. 
Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30’ 45’’ N.: ; long. 76° 25’ 30” W., 
, 155 fathoms, gn. m. 
Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 10’ N.: ; long. 87° 03’ 30’’ W., 
231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F. 
Albatross Eiaiies 2376, Feb. 11, 1885, lat. 29° 03° 15” N.; long. 88° 16’ 00” W., 
324 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 46.5° F. 
Albatross station 2394, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 38’ 30’ N.; long. 87° 02’ 00’’ W., 
420 fathoms, gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F. 
Albatross station 2395, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 36’ 15’ N.; long. 86° 50’ 00’ W., 
347 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 44.1° F. 
OPHIERNUS FASCICULATUS. 
Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30’ 45’’ N.; long. 76° 25’ 30” W., 
155 fathoms, gn. m. 
OPHIOTHYREUS GOSH Ljungman. 
Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 00” W., 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 
Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11/ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 54” W., 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 
Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
199 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 00” N.; long. 82° 19’ 06”’ W., 
143 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’’ W., 
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 
Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
200 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21" W 
211 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOLIPUS AGASSIZII Lyman. 
Albatross station 2400, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 41’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 07’ 00’ W., 
169 fathoms, gy. m. 
OPHIOMASTUS SECUNDUS Lyman. 
Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 63° 31’ 30” W., 
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. 


Ls 


152 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIOGLYPHA ACERVATA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17° 36’ 10’’ N.; long. 76° 46’ 05’’ W., 
966 fathoms, s.; temp. 39.7° F. 

Albatross station, 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45’ N.; long. 81° 46’ 45’’ W., 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 03’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 45” W., 
118 fathoms, wh. co. 

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41’ 00’ N.; long. 84° 16’ 30” W., 
426 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2392, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 28° 47’ 30’ N.; long. 87° 27’ 00”’ W., 
724 fathoms, br. gy. m.; temp. 40.7° F. 

Albatross station 2399, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 44’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 18’ 00’’W., 
196 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 51.6° F. 

Albatross atacion 2400, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 41’ 00’’ N.; long. 86° 07’ 00’’ W., 
169 fathoms, gy. m. 

Albatross station 2401, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 85°52’ 30’’ W., 
142 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh. 
OPHIOGLYPHA FALCIFERA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 10’’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 30” W., 
231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F. 

Albatross station 2398, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 86° 26’ 00” W., 
227 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 48.6° F. 
OPHIOGLYPHA AEQUALIS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17°36’ 10’’ N.; long. 76° 46’ 05”” W., 
966 fathoms, s.; temp. 39.7° F. 
OPHIOGLYPHA SCULPTILIS Lyman.! 

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 16’ 30’’ W., 
426 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2393, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 43’ 00’ N.; long. 87° 14’ 30”’ W., 
525 fathoms, It. gy. m.; temp. 41.1° F. 

Albatross station 2394, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 87° 02’ 00’’ W., 
420 fathoms, gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F. 
OPHIOGLYPHA TENERA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 75° 04’ 00’ W., 
1,639 fathoms, gn. m. 
OPHIOMUSIUM EBURNEUM Lyman. 

Albatross station 2130, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 25’’ N.; long. 75° 49’ 49” W., 
175 fathoms, gy. m. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’ W., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2314, Jan. 5, 1885, lat. 32° 43’ 00’’ N.; long. 77° 51’ 00” W., 
159 fathoms, ers. s. bk. sp. brk. sh.; temp. 47.4° F. 

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 48” W., 
130 fathoms, fne. co. 

Albatross station 2398, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 26’ 00”’ W., 
227 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 48.6° F. 








1 Labeled Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman. 





OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN, 


OPHIOMUSIUM SERRATUM Lyman. 
Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 25” N.; long 
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F. 


Albatross station 2343, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 35’ N.; long. 


279 fathoms, fne. co. 


Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


216 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOMUSIUM PLANUM Lyman. 


Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45’ 00”’ N.; long. 


1,639 fathoms, gn. m. 


Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 117 00’ N.; long. 


143 fathoms, co. 


153 
. 82° 20’ 24” W., 
82° 19’ 25” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W.., 


75° 04’ 00” W., 


82° 19’ 06” W., 


Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39” N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 


201 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOMUSIUM ACUFERUM Lyman. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’” N.; long 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 


Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’" N.; long. 


182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 


Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39”” N.; long. 


204 fathoms. 
OPHIOMUSIUM VALIDUM Ljungman. 

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24’ 40” N.; long 
683 fathoms. 


Albatross station 2118, Jan. 28, 1884, lat. 13° 32’ 40” N.; long. 


690 fathoms. 
Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 04” N.; long 
274 fathoms, bu. m. fne. s. 


Albatross station 2133, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 55’” N.; long. 


290 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17° 36’ 10” N.; long 
966 fathoms, s.; temp. 39.7° F. 

Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30’ 45” N.; long 
155 fathoms, gn. m. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’” N.; long. 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’” N.; long. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41’ 00” N.; long. 
426 fathoms. 


Albatross station 2384, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’ N.; long. 


940 fathoms, br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. 


. 82° 20’ 08”" W.., 


. 82° 18’ 00” W., 


82° 17’ 54” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W.., 


. 63° 31’ 30” W., 


62° 54’ 00” W., 


. 75° 48’ 55” W., 


75° 48’ 03" W., 


. 76° 46’ 05” W.., 


. 76° 25’ 30” W., 


82° 18’ 00” W., 
82° 17’ 54” W., 
84° 16’ 30” W., 


88° 15’ 30” W., 


154 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIOMUSIUM TESTUDO Lyman. 

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 58’’ N.; long. 75° 47’ 07” W., 
250 fathoms, hrd. co. 

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 24 miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. : 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08” W., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 54’” W., 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21”’ W., 
204 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’” N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’’ W., 
199 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’ W., 
189 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 00’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 06” W., 
143 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’’ W., 
200 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 10’’ N.; long. 87° 03’ 30’ W., 
231 fathoms, wh. co. 


Family AMPHIURID. 


OPHIOSTIGMA ISACANTHUM (Say). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross; one specimen with 6 arms. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Cura¢ao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 53’ 30’’ W., 
25 fathoms, co. s. 

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’” W.., 
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co. 

Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 49’ 00” W., 
26 fathoms, crs. s. co. 
HEMIPHOLIS ELONGATA (Say).! 

South Carolina; J. D. Kurtz. 

Trinidad; Albatross. 
OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYI (Miiller and Troschel). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Curacao; Albatross. 
OPHIACTIS MULLERI Liitken. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 00”” W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’’ W., 
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co. 





1 Labeled by Lyman, Hemipholis cordifera Lyman. 





OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 


OPHIACTIS PLANA Lyman. 


155 


Albatross station 2389, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 28’ 00’’ N.; long. 87° 56’ 00” W., 


27 fathoms, gy. s. brk. sh. 


Albatross station 2390, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 27’ 30’’N.; long. 87° 48’ 30/7 W 


30 fathoms, ers. s. bk. sp. sh. 


oa 


Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46’ 00’ N.; long. 84° 49’ 00” W., 


26 fathoms, crs. s. co. 
OPHIACTIS KREBSII Liitken. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 
AMPHILIMNA OLIVACEA (Lyman).! 


Albatross station 2121-2122, Feb. 3, 1884, lat. 10° 37’ 00’’ N.; long. 61° 44’ 


22’’ W., 34 fathoms, dk. slate col. m.; temp. 67° F. and 73° F. 


Albatross station 2145, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 27’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 00”” W., 


25 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh. 


Albatross station 2401, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 52’ 30” W 


142 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh. 
OPHIONEREIS RETICULATA (Say). 
Key West, Florida; Albatross. 
St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 
Cura¢ao; Albatross. 


Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 


201 fathoms, co. 


“2 


82° 20 30” W., 


Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 51’” N.; long. 82° 19’ 03”” W., 


163 fathoms, wh. br. co. 


Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48’” N.; long. 82° 19’ 15” W., 


121 fathoms, fne. gy. co. 
OPHIOPLAX LJUNGMANI Lyman. 

Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; long 
143 fathoms, gy. co. 

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long 
130 fathoms, fne. co. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long 
201 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOPSILA RIISEI Liitken. 

Cape Florida, Florida; G. Wurdemann. 

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43’ 40’ N.; long 
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 
34 fathoms, brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 51’’ N.; long 
163 fathoms, wh. br. co. 


. 82° 20 06” W., 
. 82° 18/ 48” 'W., 
. 82° 17' 54” W., 


; 82° 20? 217? W., 


. 75° 38' 25” W., 
. 75° 39’ 00” W., 


79° 54’ 30” W., 


. 82° 19' 03” W., 





1 Labeled by Lyman, Ophiocnida olivacea. 


156 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


AMPHIURA OTTERI Liungman. 

Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 03’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 45”’ W., 
118 fathoms, wh. co. 
AMPHIURA GRANDISQUAMA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17. 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 48’’ W., 
130 fathoms, fne. co. 
AMPHIURA SEMIERMIS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 46’ 45’ W., 
45 fathoms, co. 
AMPHIURA LIMBATA (Grube.) 

Sabanilla, Colombia; Albatross. 
AMPHIURA RISEI Liitken. 

Albatross station 2142, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30’ 15’’ N.; long. 76° 20’ 30’” W., 
42 fathoms, gn. m. s. 

Albatross station 2145, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 27’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 00’’ W., 
25 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh. 
AMPHIURA INCISA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2144, Mar. 25, 1884, lat. 9° 49’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 31’ 30’’ W., 
896 fathoms, gn. m. 

Albatross station 2384, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 88° 15’ 30’’ W., 
940 fathoms, br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. 
AMPHIURA REPENS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 53’ 30’ W., 
25 fathoms, co. s. 

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 30’ W., 
27 fathoms, g. 

Albatross station 2373, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 14’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 15’” W., 
25 fathoms, co. 
AMPHIURA DUPLICATA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 63° 31’ 30” W., 
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. 

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 16’ 30’ W., 
426 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2383, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 88° 06’ 00’’ W., 
1,181 fathoms, br. gn. m.; temp. 39.8° F. 
AMPHIPHOLIS SQUAMATA (Delle Chiaie).! 


St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 


Family OPHIACANTHID. 
OPHIACANTHA STELLATA Lyman. 
Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 54’’ W., 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 
Albatross station 2331, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 55’” W., 
114 fathoms, co. 


1 Labeled by Lyman, A mphiura tenera Liitken. 


| 
" 
p 
: 





OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN, 


OPHIACANTHA ASPERA Lyman. 


Off Havana, Cuba; Albatross. 


Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 


230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 


Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 


199 fathoms, co. 
OPHIACANTHA TROSCHELI Lyman. 


Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 


130 fathoms, co. 


OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOPRISTIS) HIRSUTA Lyman.! 


Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 


204 fathoms. 


OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) SERTATA Lyman.? 


Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 


231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F. 


OPHIOLIMNA MIXTA (Lyman).! 


Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 


52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 


Albatross station 2156, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 


278 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 


98 fathoms, co. 


23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 


23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


20° 59’ 30’ N.; long. 


23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


20° 19’ 10’’ N.; long. 


17° 43’ 40’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 35’’ N.; long. 


23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 


Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 


201 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 


230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 
67 fathoms, wh. co. 

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 
204 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 
199 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 
189 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 
182 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2353, Jan. 
167 fathoms, co. 


17, 1885, lat. 
19, 1885, lat. 
19, 1885, lat. 
19, 1885, lat. 
19, 1885, lat. 
19, 1885, lat. 
20, 1885, lat. 
20, 1885, lat. 


22, 1885, lat. 


23° 10’ 54’ N.; long. 
23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 
23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 


20° 59’ 00’ N.; long. 


1 Labeled by Lyman, Ophiacantha hirsuta. 
2 Labeled by Lyman, Ophiacantha sertata. 
3 Labeled by Lyman, Ophiocheta mixta. 


157 


82° 18’ 00” W., 


§2% 20021" W.. 


86° 23’ 45”" W., 


82° 20’ 21” W.., 


87° 03’ 30” W., 


75° 38 25” W., 
82° 21’ 55” W., 
82° 20’ 08” W., 
82° 20’ 30” W., 
82° 18’ 00” W., 
82° 17’ 54” W., 
82° 19’ 12” W., 
82° 18’ 24” W., 
82° 20’ 21” W., 
82° 20’ 21” W., 
82° 20’ 15” W., 
82° 20’ 15” W., 
82° 20’ 15” W., 


86° 23’ 00” W., 


158 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 23’ 45’’ W., 


130 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOMITRA VALIDA Lyman. 


Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 04’’ N.; long. 75° 48’ 55”’ W., 


274 fathoms, bu. m. fne. s. 


Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2} miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 


fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. 


Albatross station 2153, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 19’’ N.; long. 82° 23’ 10’ W., 
283 fathoms, co.; temp. 55.8° F. 
Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’’ W., 


98 fathoms, co. 


Albatross stations 2162, 2164, 2167, Apr. 30 to May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 30’’— 
40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 25’’-30’’ W., 122-201 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2169, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 28’’ N.; long. 


78 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2327, Jan. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 
Albatross station 2335, Jan. 
204 fathoms. 
Albatross station 2342, Jan. 
201 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2347, Jan. 
216 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOMITRA EXIGUA Lyman. 
Albatross station 2342, Jan. 
201 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOMITRA CHELYS (Wyville Thomson). 
Albatross station 2117, Jan. 


17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 


19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long 


19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 


20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 


19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 


27, 1884, lat. 15° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 


683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. 


OPHIOMITRA DIPSACOS Lyman. 
Albatross station 2355, Jan. 
399 fathoms, yl. oz. 
OPHIOCAMAX HISTRIX Lyman. 
Albatross station 2130, Feb. 
175 fathoms, gy. m. s. brk. sh. 
Albatross station 2134, Feb. 
254 fathoms. 
Albatross station 2135, Feb. 
250 fathoms, hrd. co. 


Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30’ 45’’ N.; long. 


155 fathoms, gn. m. 


22, 1885, lat. 20° 56’ 48’” N.; long. 


27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 25’ N.; long. 
27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 06’’ N.; long. 


27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 58’’ N.; long. 


82°20" 27 We. 


82° 17’ 54” W., 


82° 20 STW 


82°90" DE We 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


63° 31’ 30” W., 


86° 27’ 00” W., 


75° 49’ 49” W., 
75° 47) 32) OW, 
75°47" 07 Wi, 


76° 25’ 30” W., 


Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 24 miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 


fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. 


Albatross station 2157, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 04’’ N.; long. 82° 21’ 07’’ W., 


29 fathoms. 


Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’’ W., 


98 fathoms, co. 





OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 159 


Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 28’’ W., 
146 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 30’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 25’’ W., 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2164, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 29’ W., 
192 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’ W., 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2169, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 28’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 27’”’ W., 
78 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 18’ 00”” W.., 
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 54’” W., 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 00’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 06”’ W.., 
143 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2350, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21’”’ W.., 
213 fathoms, co. ; 

Family OPHIOCOMID. 


OPHIOCOMA ECHINATA (Lamarck). 

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop. 

Tortugas, Florida; D. W. Whitehurst. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Old Providence; Albatross. 

Cozumel; Albatross. 

Curacao; Albatross. 
OPHIOCOMA RIISEI Liitken. 

Florida Keys; Suckley, Sternbergh, and Rowell. 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton. 

Curacao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 00’ W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’’ W., 
34 fathoms, brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’’ W., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 20” W., 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 51’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 03’ W., 
163 fathoms, wh. br. co. 





160 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


OPHIOCOMA PUMILA Liitken. 

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton. 

Cura¢ao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long.-75° 39’ 00’ W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’ W., 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 20’’ W., 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 25’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 24’’ W., 
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F. 


Family OPHIOTHRICIDA. 

OPHIOTHRIX ANGULATA (Say). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

Jamaica; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.1 

Old Providence; Albatross. 

Cura¢ao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2120, Jan. 30, 1884, lat. 11° 07’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 14’ 30’” W., 
73 fathoms, bu. m. 

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; long. 75° 38’ 25’’ W., 
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 00’” W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2160, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 37’’ W., 
167 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30”” W., 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 20’’ W., 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2315, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 26’ 00’’ N.; long. 81° 48’ 15’” W., 
37 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45’” N.; long. 81° 46’ 45’” W., 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 53’ 30”” W., 
25 fathoms, co. s. 

Albatross station 2363, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 07’ 30’’ N.; long. 87° 06’ 00’’ W., 
21 fathoms, wh. r. co. 

Albatross station 2365, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; long. 87° 04’ 00”’ W., 
24 fathoms, wh. r. co. 


1 Lyman had labeled 7 specimens, Ophiothrix violacca. 


\ 
i 
; 





OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN, 161 


Albatross station 2366, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 28’ 00” N.; long. 87° 02’ 00’” W., 
27 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2370, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 18’ 15’” N.; long. 85° 32’ 00” W., 
25 fathoms, ers. gy. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2371, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 17’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 30’ 45”” W., 
26 fathoms, ers. gy. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15’ 30’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 30’” W., 
27 fathoms, g. 

Albatross station 2373, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 14’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 15”” W., 
25 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2387, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 24’ 00’ N.; long. 88° 04’ 00”’ W., 
32 fathoms, s. g. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’’ W., 
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co. 

Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 49’ 00’’ W., 
26 fathoms, crs. s. co. 

Albatross station 2408, Mar. 16, 1885, lat. 28° 28’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 25’ 00’’ W., 
21 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2411, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 15’ 30’ W., 
27 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp. 

Albatross station 2412, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 26° 18’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 08’ 45”” W., 
27 fathoms, fne. gy. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2413, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 26° 00’ 00’’ N.; long. 82° 57’ 30” W., 
24 fathoms, fne. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2418, Apr. 2, 1885, lat. 33° 20’ 00’’ N.; long. 77° 05’ 00’’ W., 
90 fathoms, gy. s.; temp. 65.8° F. 
OPHIOTHRIX @RSTEDII Liitken. 

San Antonio, Cuba; Albatross. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise. 
OPHIOTHRIX LINEATA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2411, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 33/30’ N.; long. 83° 15’ 30’ W., 
27 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp. 
OPHIOTHRIX SUENSONI Liitken. 

St. Thomas, A. H. Riise. 

Carthagena, Colombia; A. Schott. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 20, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 00” W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’ W., 
34 fathoms, brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 45” W., 
115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59’ 30’ N.; long. 86° 23’ 45’’ W., 
130 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2414, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 25° 04’ 30’’ N.; long. 82°59’ 15” W.. 
26 fathoms, fne. wh. s. brk. sh. 


162 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family OPHIOSCOLECIDZ. 


OPHIOSCIASMA GRANULATUM Lyman. 

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43’ 40’’ N.; long. 75° 38’ 25”’ W., 
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 28” W., 
146 fathoms, co. 
OPHIOGERON SUPINUS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2343, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 35’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 25” W., 
279 fathoms, fne. co. 


Family OPHIOCHONDRID. 


OPHIOCHONDRUS CONVOLUTUS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 24 miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. 
OPHIOCHONDRUS CRASSISPINUS Lyman. 

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 24 miles NW. of Havana Light, 387 
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F. 


Family OPHIOMY XID. 

OPHIOMYXA FLACCIDA (Say). 

Key West, Florida; Albatross. 

Tortugas, Florida; D. W. Whitehurst. 

St. Thomas; A. H. Ruse. 

St. Thomas; Albatross. 

Curacao; Albatross. 

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ 00’’ W., 
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’’ W., 
34 fathoms, brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2147, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32’ 20’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 45’’ W., 
34 fathoms, co.; temp. 78.5° F. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 30’’ W., 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 12”” W., 
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 
OPHIOMYXA TUMIDA Lyman. 

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 25/” W., 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2316, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 47’ 45”’ W., 
50 fathoms; temp. 74° F. 

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45’” N.; long. 81° 46’ 45”” W., 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2318, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 46’ 00”’ W.., 
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F. 

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.: long. 82° 18’ 00’’ W., 
230 fathoms, fne. gy, s. 





OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 


163 


Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54’ N.; long. 82° 17’ 45”’ W.., 


115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11’ 45" N.; long. 
182 fathoms, fne. br. s. 

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48’ N.; long 
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co. 


Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


199 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


201 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 


184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 


Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


200 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


216 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 


211 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2358, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19’ 00’’ N.; long 
222 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2415, Apr. 1, 1885, lat. 30° 44’ 00’ N.; long 
440 fathoms, co. ers. s. sh. for. 
OPHIOBYRSA SERPENS Lyman, 


Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 30’ N.; long. 


122 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36” N.; long. 
196 fathoms, co.; temp. 71.9° F. 


Albatross station 2331, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 31” N.; long. 


114 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 36’ N.; long. 


169 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 


Family OPHIOBRACHIONTID®, 


OPHIOBRACHION UNCINATUS Lyman. 


Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 37’’ N.; long. 


143 fathoms, gy. co. 
Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’’ N.; long 
200 fathoms, co. 
Family HEMIEURYALID®. 


SIGSBEIA MURRHINA Lyman. 


Albatross station 2120, Jan. 30, 1884, lat. 11° 07’ 00’’ N.; long. 


73 fathoms, bu. m. 


Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43’ 40’ N.; long. 


52 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 
6061°—Bull. 84—14 


12 





82 ° 17’ 54” W.., 


Ole MOAB LOW. 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


82° 20’ 21’ W.., 


82° 20% 15/" W.., 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


82° 20’ 21” W., 


- 87° 03’ 30”’ W.., 


= 79420 007" W., 


82° 20’ 25” W.., 


82° 20’ 30” W., 


82° 1955” W., 


82° 19’ 12” W., 


82° 20’ 06” W.., 


gC « fe ar 7 
02, 20°21” W.. 


62° 14’ 30” W., 


164 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 


23 fathoms, co. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2157, Apr. 30, 1884, lat 
29 fathoms. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat 
146 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2164, May 1, 1884, lat. 
192 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 
201 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 
122 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat 
115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat 
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F. 

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat 
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co. 

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
67 fathoms, wh. co. 

Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
157 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
199 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
189 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat 
201 fathoms, co. 


Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 


184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co. 

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat 
200 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat 
216 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat 
211 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat 
182 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat 
130 fathoms, co. 


. 23° 10’ 04’’ N.; long. 
. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 
. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 

237 10’ 39’ N-; long? 

23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 

23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 
. 23° 10’ 54’’ N.; long. 
- 23° 10° 25 N:; long: 
. 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; long. 
23 Og@sGne Nee lones 
. 23° 10’ 42”’ N.; long. 
. 23° 10’ 48’’ N.; long. 
5120 L039 INI: long. 
. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 


232 Oss 9e Ne wlone: 


123° 107397 Nes lone: 
Bn 232 LOPS 9o Ne nlone 
. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 
. 23° 10’ 40’ N.; long. 


. 20° 59’ 30’ N.; long. 


23° 10’ 40’”’ N.; long. 


75° 39’ 00” W., 
82°17 07" We, 
82° 20’ 08’ W., 
82° 20’ 28” W., 
82° 20’ 29” W., 
82° 20’ 30” W., 
82° 20’ 20” W., 
82° 17’ 45” W., 
82° 20’ 24” W., 
82° 19’ 15” W., 
82° 19’ 12” W., 
82° 18’ 24”” W., 
82° 18’ 52”" W., 
82° 20’ 21” W., 
82° 20’ 15” W., 
82° oa" ot We 
82° 20’ 15”” W., 
82°90" 21” We 
82° 20’ 21” W., 
s2° 207217) Wie 
82° 20’ 15’’ W., 


86° 23 45” W., 


OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN, 165 
EURYALZ. 
Family ASTROCHEMID.®. 


ASTROCHEMA OLIGACTES (Pallas). 

Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 04’’ N.; long. 75° 48’ 55’” W 
274 fathoms, bu. m. fne. s. 

Albatross station 2133, 2134, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 55’’ to 56’ 06” N.; long. 
75° 48’ 03’ to 47’ 32’’ W., 254-290 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh. 

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55’ 58” N.; long. 75° 47’ 07” W., 
250 fathoms, hrd. co. 

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’ W.., 
98 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 51” N.; long. 82° 19’ 03” W., 
163 fathoms, wh. br. co. 

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39” N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
216 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39” N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
211 fathoms, co. 
ASTROCHEMA L2&VE (Lyman). 

Albatross station 2131, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56’ 44’ N.; long. 75° 50’ 49” W., 
202 fathoms, hrd. ers. s. 

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48”’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 15’’ W., 
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co. 
Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15” Wis 
z 182 fathoms, co. 
ASTROCHEMA TENUE Lyman. 

Off Havana, Cuba, Albatross. 

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 54” N.; long. 82° 17’ 45” W., 
115 fathoms, co. 

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 48”” N.; long. 82° 19’ 15” W., 
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co. 

Albatross station 2332, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 38”” N.; long. 82720’ 06” W., 
156 fathoms, wh. gy. co. 

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 39’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 21” W., 
204 fathoms. 
ASTROCHEMA BRACHIATUM Lyman. 

Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45’ 00” N.; long. 75° 04’ 00’ W., 
; 1,639 fathoms, gn. m. 
; ASTROCHEMA INTECTUM Lyman. 
Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10’ 36” N.; long. 82° 20’ 28’’ W. 
146 fathoms, co. 
Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10’ 40” N.; long. 82° 20’ 15” W., 
182 fathoms, co. 





; 
; 
: 
: 


ss ee ee ee 


SSE a eC 











aie mln ibaieentaenetetae Soo 2,71 

Sons eeicin aGeeeem ae hc. Je 59, 71 

abyssorum, Ophioglypha................. 18 
acanthinus, Ophiophryxus................ 127 
ACANTNOPOTPIA LUSCH «2. soc ode cece oes 122 
acervata, Ophioglypha................... 152 
acrystata, Amphiura.................-... 50 
acuferum, Ophiomusium................. 153 
aculeata, Ophiacantha........ 2, 74, 85, 86, 94, 144 
Ophiopholisez-=2557<-ens tree 2,38 
adspersus, Ophiernus..................... 151 
gequalis, Ophioglypha.................... 152 
affinis, Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta)....... 2, 99, 145 
agassizii, Ophiolipus..................... 151 
alatum, Ophiomidas..................-.. 33 
alberti, Ophiotrema............... 113, 114, 145 
alexandri, Ophiocoma................-.-- 3, 116 
americana, Ophiomitrella......... 2, 73, 108, 145 
Amphilepis norvegica................--.. 2,42 
Amphilimna olivacea................- 2,48, 155 
PATI BEN OCIA Brera Moet tects eee cere) aioe 68 
BINGE SS Os coca eaae ee wee boc ae 69 

COrdlerae arses jane rises 68 
(Amphiodia) ¢ordifera, Amphiura.......... 39, 40 
Ammphiodiaverectas. <<..:o.-c- cece cee 2,67, 144 
IU ERONT Ss) Soe carte cial 2, 68, 69, 144 

ulchell a. sie tenon nate 2,70 

TEAC as Aeon cis casa cathe 68, 69, 144 

ATID MONE ADOMaAee <saee tha eee 2,71 
CUNQALA SS cece niin OL: 
ANODHUDHOLB i=. axseeae soto aeeeies parts 40 
COrdiera ery idee na ese 40 

pracluUlimaees sec sees Gn eee se 2, 66 

in berpier 62 tc ose eee ae 52 

Iittkenee nse: ce aaa es 69, 70 
squamata......- 2.5... 2,52, 66, 156 

LOTS PIN AE <6" a ee 2, 66 

Amphipsila maculata................-.-- 45 
PAM nin reteset Sse od 2 Ne 47, 56, 61, 66 
BDU ia seein eects s ais ee 59, 71 

BCLS LA UMarte serene eta cat ee 50 
(Amphiodia) cordifera......... 39, 40 

bthamplae sce ees. saa Seer 58, 59 
Complanata ss... 5. cca 0n 2, 50, 59, 143 

Cordiferatc ee tee cates eee is 39, 40 





INDEX. 


Page. 

Amphiura cuneata ....-.--.....22.02eeeee 71 
Gidueta nears eeeine dae 02) Oy 144 

duplitatal. 2. 222-5<ssoooe see ve 156 

elonpatay, csscat ase vatsteae tant 39 

CRECHA a. ce ccm aieerencya ots Sian malomlals 67, 69 

fibmla ta: Veeco ees sees 2, 56, 64, 65, 144 
flexuosa..... 2,45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, 143 

pracillimas ~ssgeosas- cece cece 66 
grandisquama............. 2, 68, 156 

ANCIRA Ahn see eee naa ecw: 156 

Fnhereis se so-cecceatosede 47, 48, 52, 53 
kinbergiensis......... 2, 49, 52, 56, 143 
Kitkenthali:.2oc2e0 Syscoee 2, 59, 64 
latispina.... 2, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 143 

limbata:ses22 der ssjeahen tate ee oe 166 

Witkeni:. seis. Aeon ceaatahe ee 69 

MmScilents. 2, -cce eee eee ee eae 71 
mapallanion ois acts saesie to caciws 2, 65 

OlLEM yee ean See eS 2, 61, 144, 156 
palmeri..... 2, 45, 48, 52, 54, 55, 58, 146 

Dulchellay.s. occ esee Os aaeniebnee 70 

rath buns. .as4- eee Saeeeee 2, 50, 146 

RODENS sn teaefale ate ieceine eiencete 156 

WIneT = 2+ eee ee eee 39, 40, 156 

SemierMisg) jo) os ssc 47, 49, 156 

AQUSIIAT ARN. Sareea aad 66 

BUI PSON © = a a\a'scto wee 2, 59, 64, 144 

LONOCTAD Sas inclenn Daten he ae ae areas 156 
VENUWIEPINA sh oes sos secs oe 66 
Wundermant. .:2 252. 23-5 5.002 42 
Amphitinid rena se ieee Se eye a 2, 38, 60, 154 
angulata, Ophiarachnella .............. 1,9, 148 
Opin thirixe se eee ae es 3, 118, 160 
Pectimurares 2 see seer ee cer eee 9 

anomala, Ophiacantha.............. 2, 73, 77, 145 
antillarum, Ophioderma.................... 6 
appressa, Ophioderma.................. 1,3, 147 
archicus, Opiiopuss so. ose yee eee ee 32, 141 
arenosum, Astrochema...................- 138 
aristata, Ophiacantha.................----.- 108 
armatus, Ophiochondrus.............. 3, 129, 145 
Ophiopligs = «ees aeae oe eels 129 
armigerum, Ophiomusium............. 2, 31, 143 
aspera, Ophiacantha.................. 2, 80, 157 
saperila; Ophiachis: -2<cn-- vec sececs- 2 ee 2, 40 





168 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Asterias.cordifera:.-<-.-s2es2seceeeoe tee 39)| durplicata;Amphiuras..oce-. o-seesse sea eee 156 
Astrochema arenosum.......--------------- 138 Ophiactiss 2.222220 tee eee 2,40 
brachiatum) 2.00 eee eee 165 | eburneum, Ophiomusium............ 2, 24, 152 
clavigeruim)s--2¢52s.sc see nae 139 var. elegans, Ophiomusium..... 24, 26 
elongatum.........-- 3, 187, 145, 146 | echinata, Ophiocoma................ 3,117, 159 
THOMA tees eee eee eee 139 | echinulata, Ophiacantha.................. 2,81 
IntectuMes soca eee 139, 165 | echinulatus, Ophioscalus..................-. 81 
le occccceecse eco k-  aeoe cess Gb ielapsOphioderma... eens eaeeeeee 7,8, 148, 146 
MUL Aat bs egopeaoassonescaneS 139 | elegans, Ophiolepis...................- 2,9, 149 
Oligactes|.ccs< oe ssee a ene ee 165 Ophiomusium eburneum var....-. 24, 26 
tenue: Seascale 165 | elevata, Ophioglypha...........-...-. 2,16, 143 
Natrochemid &. 6-2 <iscs cesta eee eee 35137, 165) selonpata, Amphiura-2-7-- ees ee eee 39 
atlantica, Ophioleptoplax........-..-- 3, 124, 145 Hemipholisss9: 5-225" 2,39, 154 
atra, Amphiodias 226 .cee<e5 scars oo eee 69 Ophiolepiss: .:< ase-ee ene eeeeee 39 
austera, Ophiocamaxwsseas.2-/- oe se se = 3,114 Ophitita: ...<-.4. eee eee 39 
bartletti, Ophiopora.............-..-.----- 3,111 | elongatum, Astrochema........... 3, 137, 145, 146 
Bathypectinura lacertosa.........--..------ 149) | ‘enopla, Ophiacantha::s----- +--+ seen eee 2, 83 
tessellatasceee sese seas nese 1,9 | ensifera, Ophiopristis..........-....... 99, 100, 101 
bidentata, Ophiacantha.... 2,73, 75, 80, 85, 94, 144 | erecta, Amphiodia.................-... 2,67, 144 
pihamula, Amphiurasccesss-sscceeon eae) 6; 09 Amphiura..-)). 52.5422 s eee eee 67, 69 
brachiatum, Astrochema...........-----.-- AGS) | Bruryales acceso oh cals oa ae ee eee 165 
brevicauda, Ophioderma.. -.......-.----- 1 4.047" | exiona; Ophiomitra 22 ---s-ee eeeeee eee esees 158 
brevispina, Ophioderma...........--.--- 1,4, 147 | falcifera, Ophioglypha ............... 2,17, 152 
cervicornis, Ophiacantha.............--..-- 98 | fasciculata, Ophiocamax..................- 3, 114 
chelys) Ophiomttrascs---5--5--eesee eee secs 158 Ophiorlyphaes--sses eee ere eee 2,17 
cinerea, Ophioderma........-.-.-------- 1,6, 147 | fasciculatus, Ophiernus..................... 151 
clavigerum, Astrochema.........--..-.---- 139) fibulata, Amphiura: . 2.2.62 s-ee 2, 56, 64, 65, 144 
clypeata, Ophioderma..................-- 1,7, 146°) filograna,, Stylaster-~2-7.)..122 sa-cieeeeeeeee 133 
Ophiozonals. Lease ee 149 | filogranea, Ophiocnida.................. 2, 42, 43 
complanata, Amphiura.............. 2,50,59, 143 | flabellum, Ophiomisidium ..........-.... 32, 33, 34 
composita, Ophiacantha................--.-- 94 Ophiomusium=--c- seco see sees 32 
compta, Ophiozona nivea var............---- 2,11 | flaccida, Ophiomyxa................ 3, 132, 162 
conifera, Sigsbeia..........-2-.---- 3, 133, 136, 145 | flexuosa, Amphiura..... 2, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, 143 
convexa, Ophioglypha........ 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 143 | fragilis, Ophiothrix..............-...-..... 123 
convoluta, Ophiothrix..............-..- 3, 122, 145 | fraterna, Ophiacantha..........- 2,77, 88, 91, 144 
convolutus, Ophiochondrus...........-- 129, 162 | fusca, Acanthogorgia.............-.---.... 122 
cordifera, Amphiodia.-<------.------2--=-- 68 | glacialis, Ophioscolex...........------... 3, 124 
Amphipholis- 5.222 ses ceo se see 40 | globulifera, Ophiomitrella................. 104 
Aynphinta os 55 ee ecto 39, 40 | goésiana, Ophiopzepale.................... 148 
Amphiura (Amphiodia)......... 39; 40 | goésli, Ophiothyreus...........-....2..... 151 
ANStETIAS! AS Fosse oe se Seeeciems oe 39 | gracilis, Ophiochondrus.............-..-.. 129 
lemipholise 5 ost seteseecek 39, 154 Ophbiotremas=.- =e) eee 3, 112, 145 
coronata, Ophioglypha...........-.--.-. 2,12, 143 | gracillima, Amphipholis.................... 2, 66 
crassispina, Ophiocoma............-.------ 117 Amphiurasc.cccceeee ee eee 66 
crassispinus, Ophiochondrus........-..-- 129, 162 | grandis, Ophiochiton...............-.....- 3, 116 
cuneata, Amphioplus............-.-------- 2,71 Ophioglypha-jcescos eee ease 18, 19, 20 
Amphiural.. st aeascee seco ses 71 | grandisquama, Amphiura............- 2, 63, 156 
cuspidata, Ophiacantha..............-.---- 72 | eranulatum, Ophiosciasma...........-.-... 162 
danielsseni, Platycaulis...........--..-- 103, 127 | granulatus, Ophiochondrus............... 3, 127, 
diducta, Amphiura................----- 2,65, 144 | - 129, 1380, 131, 145 
dipsacos, Ophiomitra.-.--. 2-2 -2--ss--2--s0- 158 | granulifera, Ophiacantha...........--- 2, 86, 144 
dispar, Ophiactis..............---..-.----- 2,40 | granulosum, Ophiomusium................. 28 
divisas Ophiogly phan. --s-ssee eee tee aces 18 | hastatum, Ophiocten...............- 2, 23,37, 124 
dubia, Ophiozonas-.eceecsscsse eee 839060) | Hemieuryalid we: << s¢.mc-alitaece eects 3, 133, 163 








INDEX. 169 


Page. 

MMi Pees eke. S eas cour ee eass 49, 52 
Hemipholis cordifera........-.-.-.------- 39, 154 
GIGNPRUAT ens ceacnaceeed eso 2, 89, 154 

hexactis, Ophiologimus.............-.--- 115, 116 
Gphtraeoens se cecaacne secon 117 

Direntea ;Ophiscantha. 2... <522<-2.ccon =< -—- 157 
Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) ....-...-- 157 
Hanorata ds POCHMUINNG. sacccs smcrccweswes awe << 9 
hystricis, Ophiobyrsella.............--..-.- 127 
nyaiax Opiocamax..c--sos-sasd-s-ca-4-- - 268 
impressa, Ophiozona.........--.-----.-- 2,11, 150 
mmicied, AMpNIUTa. .<s-<<2-se050 2 <2 -saeee ee 156 
inornata, Ophioglypha................-.-.. 2,18 
inornatum, Astrochema..............----..-- 139 
intectum, Astrochema..............--.--- 139, 165 
involuta, Ophioglypha.......------ Seat eee 18, 19 
irrorata, Ophioglypha.............-..--.- 2, 18, 143 
isacanthum, Ophiostigma..........- 2,38, 59, 154 
januarii, Ophioderma........-...----.----- 6 
kinbergi, Amphipholis...............-.-.... 52 
Amphiura..........-.-.-.-. 47, 48, 52, 53 
kinbergiensis, Amphiura......... 2, 49, 52, 56, 143 
IKkTrepeH AO pMlActissy.)< cn -:-— sn = see seen 155 
kiikenthali, Amphiura.................- 2, 59, 64 
lacertosa, Bathypectinura.........-.....--- 149 
Parver ARMUCHOINA 50. <2. scecee semen es Occ as 165 
levipellis, Ophiacantha.................--- 106 
Ophiomitrella.............. 2, 106, 145 

latispina, Amphiura.... 2, 47,48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 143 
lepida, Ophioglypha..............-..-.- 2, 20, 143 
var. spinulosa, ee es arrsige erase 20 

levis, Ophiomitrella... --- 2,105, 144 
Mimibata VAMPOIUKA, sa seass se oe oe aa se elone 156 
lineata Opiincantha) 0-2 <a<eecieoesiel< a 2,87 
KOpbiotbx sc cose nese 3, 120, 161 
SIGAD OVA eect rs 135 
lineolata, Ophiacantha............-.--.--.- 102 
littoralis;'Ophiolimna. - = --5-.5.-.--.2-. 3, 96, 111 
ljungmani, Ophioglypha..............---- 2, 20, 21 
Ophioplex-s'o- os acse sense ee 155 
longispinus, Ophiopyren.............-.----- 148 
loveni. (Ophioenids <--~<.- = mm caeeseste 2, 42, 143 
Ophiophragmus..........--.-------- 42 
liitkeni, Amphiodia................- 2, 68, 69, 144 
‘Amphipholias.-s=S1~-e ae ceases 69, 70 
Amp hiate teense n s+ -c sealers 69 
Oyphioenlge sec cacti e ass eee eee 42 

lymani, Ophioglypha...............-------- 2, 22 
Ophiomusium............-...---- 2,19, 26 
macilenta, Amphiura.....................- 71 
Wisc ulsts, Am PRINS... aweecse coc = ae 45 
Opbiopaile Asses e se acicel-n 2,45 
magellanica, Amphiura...............-....- 2, 65 


marmorea, Ophiozona.........---.-.------- 149 


Page. 

megapora, Ophioleptoplax.................- 125 
meridionalis, Ophiacantha.... 2, 77, 88, 90, 91, 144 
MUNG, COphioledss<.. 0c. Jscoseccs scenes 8, 111 
mirabilis, Ophiomyces.............-.... 2, 72, 143 
mix tts OPHIOCHwtA.-<<-.-- beer Ge nc aurcia's fe o's 157 
Ophbiolimmig so. osecnoneecee ae 96, 157 
Mmiriber: OpMmacs.. oc. ss24-<—se- ce 2,41, 154 
mundata, Ophioglypha..................... 18 
murrhina, Sigsbeia................. 133, 135, 163 
WIVES; OPNIOZONA ss nc vase ean mcaaeneen ee ee <\sc 150 
var. compta, Ophiozona............. 2,11 
nodosa, Ophiacantha ..................- 77, 79, 80 
norvegica, Amphilepis ..................-- 2, 42 
nuttingii, Astrochema .........-.........-- 139 
occlusa, Ophioplinthaca.........-......-.- 111 
cerstedii, Ophiothrix................ 3,121, 161 
oligactes, Astrochema..............-..0.--- 165 
olivacea, Amphilimna................ 2,48, 155 
Ophior mids. sas—esesecenaamnay 43, 155 
olivaceum, Ophiura..........-.....-...---- 4 
Ophiacantha: -.252-- -.5--.-ee-5<0 5 73, 78, 81, 108 
aculeata......... 2, 74, 85, 86, 94, 144 

ANOMSA. + «<nsteseerae Ue 2, 73, 77, 145 
GTIstatass.sceme-seescaeeeias sce LOS 

SSVELG a «sia = ctorclslie nema 2, 80,157 
bidentata.... 2, 73,75, 80, 85, 94, 144 

COLVICOMMIS! eae ccoxeestsiesoe 98 

COMpOsin=..- .ccscemn en ones ae 94 

CUBPIGAtE cso cc~ seaman s ss 72 
@GhinNvIRtS: oc ces earceees ences UeVOL 

GUODIBE soc n3s5 shea ae elena == 2, 83 
fraternaavonschoee sie 2, 77, 83, 91, 144 

pranuliferais. ss on-ssce<ser 2, 86, 144 

Esti costo merase net ee 157 

lrevipellis.. so se<ceci seem ae 106 
linbatd--caceeeneck eee eee 2,87 

lineolatac sc.<.S cues aso sxc 102 
meridionalis...... 2, 77, 88, 90, 91, 144 

Nodosal.. c= h aawelcsia 77, 79, 80 
(Ophiopristis) hirsuta......... 157 
permixta... 2,96, 144 

(Ophiotreta) affinis........ 2, 99, 145 

sertata..... 2,102,157 

valenciennesi.... 2, 99, 

101, 102 

POChMNUa. ss aceeeenesaen em ee k= 81, 82 
pentacrinus. 2,86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 144 

PISCONMPEMA: Le ssceee oes ae be 100 
scolopengrita sy. o--—ssae-see5< 73 

BPE osc uwee eb ake neces wane 72 

ORG ae een were cece pile emilee 102, 157 

BPECIEN f)aee eee eae atone 91, 144 

ppectaDllisy. con saaececcee sees 78 

Biellatc odo secee =e San ees = 156 


170 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Ophiacantha troscheli...........-.--.---- 73, 156 | Ophiocoma pumila............-.-..- 3,117, 160 
tuberculosa.<..-2seneseeeae ee 73 Vlisel-<.2..:: 8.20.2 oee oe 3,118, 159 
WAPISPIOS = 5 1: fd cjogeceates nce) 72 scolopendrina..-----...--....< ong 
Vepratiea o-sct seen aa 2, 94, 145 |'Ophiocomidse. --. 2-2 s2s2--ss2=e eae ee 3, 116, 159 
VIVIPATA nce ne nee Sel saan sees 2,96: | Ophiocten hastatum- == === 2-2 2 Sasee- 2,37, 124 
Ophiacanthella...... Bn ere ea nea se 73 | Ophiodera stimpsonii...-...........-..-- 3, 182 
@phiacanthidse=- erase -esee eee eee 2, 72,156 | Ophiodermaantillarum.................-.. 6 
Ophigctistaspertlats--oss eee eee 2, 40 APPIessas 2s 2525.0 5ee hoses 1,3, 147 
Gispar. sos lsst cae Sees oee sae sae 2,40 breviesudass-sea eee eases 1,4, 147 
Guplicata 82 22282 seers 2, 40 brevisping22 5222s. - seals 1,4, 147 
TENS Ss = cote or eee eee ee eee 155 Ginerea: 2-2 seca see eee 1, 6, 9, 147 
millers: sates ee ssec es 2, 41, 154 clypeata. 2. 2:2255.sessce ee 1, 7, 146 
plang 222 eee eae ees ee OD elapsy....5 a5. se eee 7, 8, 148, 146 
BAVARIA sce seeee race ere Cia 2, 41, 154 januari. 95... 22st eee 6 
Ophiarachnella angulata.........-.---.--- 1, 9, 148 TUDICUNGA=.-52= se etaes 1, 7, 148 
petersty== pacer tee seas 149 SPeCles: .04 5250. eee 1, 8, 143 
Ophiectodia so. cs 2sce-ccne oe osees aes 73, 81, 82 Varlegata~ <2 22% set eae eee Dt 
pectinula.....- 2255)... -2esees se 83 WILESCEMSS 22 = cee seme oe 3 
@phientodia=-<se.24--o24 sence on Oy ono). | Ophiodermatidcesnss =. sae e =e eee eee 1, 3, 147 
Ophientremas is. -. occ 5 Jae eee ee ee eee 73.|| Ophiogeron'supinus=.-22-- 22 -ee=eeeeeeaee 162 
@phiernus!adsparsus:=---2ssee ose eee = 151 | Ophioglyphaabyssorum..................- 18 
TAsciculatus:sjceccee ase ere 151 acervata.22-<-4- See eee ee oe 
Ophiobrachion uncinatus..............------ 163 sequalis'.: 3: : See peer eee 152 
Ophiobrachiontidse see eee esse et 163 CONVEXS - 555-26 2, 12,13, 15, 16, 143 
Ophiobyreatse-esssseee a eee sea 127 Coronatacs2.-2-sese eee 2, 12, 143 
SeIpensatcc sea eere 163 GiVise 25. saree eeeee 18 
QOphiobyrsellaesa-c sc -eiee ee ee es 127 elevate co: . eon eee 2, 16, 143 
Ihystricis's: 5.22. soa) tance oe 127 falcifera:- =<. 2 ssetae ens 2,17,152 
quadrispinosa........--.. 3, 125, 145 HAsCICUlA bac. - ec eee eteeeS 2,17 
SELPCDS 2s 3o oa secae ten ete sete 127 PTANndis:) space ee oe eaten 18, 19, 20 
@phiccamax:austera-s--s-e-- se eens sen 3, 114 inomatae sc. cess seco 2,18 
fascieulata=s:.c2 ces neo eceae 3, 114 involiutass jose cosce eee 18, 19 
Ihyatrixee--ee eee CBee oenatafoe care 158 AITOLALI Se eRe Ee eee 2,18, 143 
Ophiochiton\prandis*---2 epee ses ea 3, 116 lepida-s.-cscenn-coneceoes 2, 20, 143 
Ophiochceta mixtal... 2.225242 22 ene eee 157 var. spinulosa.......-.. 20 
‘Ophiochondrellas.cc. 22: sere seat 129 Tjungmanie eee ee eee 2, 20, 21 
BQURMORA. = os pee see 129 lymants 3: Soares ee 2,19, 22 
Ophiochondridse==s<---=-- 25222 ee oe 3, 127, 162 MUNG ata) cases eee aes 18 
Ophiochondrusssssese-eecer =n cee eer eee 129 orbiculata <conce-emes ese 18, 19 
aTMAbuss.<sseeee seas 3, 129, 145 TOD Usta... ste ree ere ae 2, 28 
CODVOLULUS ss eeeeee eee ee 129, 162 BATS). seceote eee 2, 28, 124, 143 
CrassispmMuUsiee se meses 129, 162 SCul ptiligs=-asece eee ee 2, 24,152 
Graciliges Gascseee en asec sass 129 SOMd9. nee eee ae 16 
granulatus.. 3, 127,129, 130, 131, 145 TONETS 2 wos sscese neem seen a 152 
BQUaMIOSUB 3 -55)--= j= cee ere 129 thouleti: =<: 2255 225 ssss-seee 21, 22 
stelliger:: 232-0225 wene 129 tumUl Oba ee eee ener eee eens 18, 19 
Ophiocnida filogranea...........--.---- 2,42, 43 Varia bilis: 32S ocp ee = vj 24, 152 
WOVEN on lo- cose ecodsesess 2) 42145" \"@Ophioleda..s-ct--eeseck oe. eee ee eee 73 
Mitkenie cn cream oocce tatan ee seers 42 TOTNIMS 5 ooo ss Saree ee 3,111 
Olivaeedowssetu cc ssueoenoe ees 45) 155: Ophiolepidses. 2c -e-e.5- 4. Sasha eeeels 2, 9, 149 
seabriuscula..-ccea n=. see sees 2,43 | Ophiolepis elegans....-.-- Soeeete ----- 2,9, 149 
Ophiocoma alexandri-................---- 3, 116 elongata... 22..2.:cecbsesemee ee 39 
GYASSIBPINA.. 262.62 -con ae oes sa 117 paucispina: --5-2- eee ae ae 2,11, 149 
echinata. <<. cence ace 3,117, 159 uncinatasen,..ceemcen see seer 39 





INDEX. 171 

Page, Page. 

Gphipleptoplaxs. 2.0... jeeeceeus nae ode ae feb) Ophigmyxigies, ses4.. <a soe. bade. 3, 132, 162 
mblantiCa:=.c22cnen c= 3, 125145 | Ophionephthiya..-..-.--c-vecost sc ce cee eee 50 

MICPRPOMS asa Mese sees 125 | Ophionereis porrecta..............-.2..-2++ 44 

ROMO LMA cera. 25s Mic. aa eet dees 73 reticulata............... 2,44,59, 155 
etOMaIs's ssc: ceeeeesaee 3, 96, 111 equamata sj eis. ck hae ee 44 

MUSA scan ee eta eeetay ee 96, 157 pqnam ulosa a 2S eee ae 2,44 

Ophiolipus agassizii...... 2. -..siesesecsse 161 | Ophionotus victorie......................- 19 
Gphiologimig?.-2 J. cmiac= oc seek eee «cles 116 | Ophiopeepale goésiana.................... 148 
exAChis 22224 -45-% wees 115, 116 | Ophiopholis aculeata.........-..........- 2,38 

seCUNdUB: -25.---2:0e0 se Gy kos tea ODMIODNTAPMUS <5 op as kere aeee entre x oc 69 

Ophiomastus secundus...............-. 2,11, 151 Ioveni Sor ote aaae os 42 
Mplionmted eds 22s o. coc cs jcese sede e eves os 73, 114 wundermani........... 2,42, 144 
CpNINMMOaH@< 2 sees -5 hin seca ee ae cose 33 | Ophiophryxus acanthinus.................. 127 
SUIAGUDN. 255 2% acta cme ac aa we 33 | Ophioplax ljungmani...................... 155 

PeduoniMs- = 'f5-08 het. eo es Bo) /MOpRINplinthacas.. 2-2) Meech. os oe ieee 73 

Mp ionmnd Men <5 ast Sata eis seattelos = 2, 82 occlusa SEE ae lll 
fabellumisssceetesc ese. - SPURL A CO bel ebay 0 LETT: ye A ea a ie em 129, 130 

pulchellum. 2, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 OUMAUN 2 ofertas = eee 129 

speciosum.... 2, 32,33, 84, 37,143 | Ophiopora................02.cee cee cceeeee 73 

OMHIOMItTAS tose = Saate eo Sate arse tee Se tine 73, 111 bartletti. <.. <222 528 sc oooh aaa cte 3,111 
CHEN So sc dade ee ae Bon ee RB St Ophionrisiiss-.--220. 2c. oo asec ad ale con Tay OS 

GIPERCOBT esas ave sees ee 158 enaifera:t 22 es<encee ee 99) 100101 

(po 411 ee Se eas Meee: 158 | (Ophiopristis) hirsuta, Ophiacantha........ 157 

ORS GN ararer le eacemieteetne eae. 110 permixta, Ophiacantha.. 2, 96, 144 

TODUSIAs <asseaescrecsss se 2, 108, 144 | Ophiopsila maculata...................-.6 2,45 

RORIAtA Aeon to Noaestje iitiats ooo 102 TUIBON Ss Nays eeercte ie See ae 2,45, 155 

BPINGAR Cea. ceesSepe eee tes LOD Op MIONUS ANCHIGUA se ce See eee eens 32, 141 

valida. 255.0) ssen toe 3, 110, 137, 158 | Ophiopyren longispinus..................- 148 
Gpbioniwrellae sc sseces-seceseeen «3 F33100, (LOS ODMOSCALUS. Onc oo. occmsepickneaee cer mee eteies tay Be 
americana .........-. 2, 73, 108, 145 echiniwlaitss-caeaste se oe 81 
Plobulifera=ssoseensceiiceres = 104 | Ophiosciasma granulatum................. 162 

levipellis.- .-- 22.2.2... 2, 106, 145 | Ophioscolecidz..................--.-- 3, 124, 162 

leyil sos 23- non s see 2, 105, 144 | Ophioscolex glacialis ...................... 3, 124 

Porbecta re secemeee ss 2, 107, 145 qQuadtispinus.*° 2.5 -~-+-0-cc6. 124 
OphiGMUSIUN s eseenanetscaelecees oes eae 32 | Ophiostigma isacanthum........... 2, 38, 59, 154 
WOUMICMNM. meee serie eta:e TOS OphiothriGidte. 7 se8 ene ose eras 3, 118, 160 
armigerum............- 2, 31, 143 | Ophiothrix angulata........- Eerie cate 3,118, 160 

eburmem-. 7.15.02 .~ 2, 24, 152 COnVOlUI ese fo see aoe 3, 122, 145 

var. elegans...... 24, 26 Papa yoo me creas eae 123 

flabellumic:<cvscc-ncc-n eee 32 lineata asec cee TOR Os OL 

eranvlosaMmiae. = cs-oee e see ee 28 Gerstedus. = seco eee 3,121, 161 

Wymanic. . soo0s cee we so 2, 26 pallida = aan esce acie va 120 

PlawoMmiste ss ese 2, 26, 153 MUGHAONM: coe nace. 9, aed, LOL 

pulehellum 22sec. oe 32 WIOIRCOAT 5-52. 2 sctus Pontos 118, 160 

FEMCHIM c= sneesemeee ener 28 | Ophiothyreus goésii._-_-..-,-.:.....-.-- 151 

FUPORUM on a schemes ZO sl Soa CO PMIOMONIAe foes ae cel wlee hee aes sade oss 73, 114 

BCUIpEUM Sco een ce oe 2, 28, 143 el bertbers 7 fo. mere ca soe 113, 114, 145 

BONAPUNIE 20. cee cee 2,29, 153 PTACIUB Ios cece sudeecrens 3, 112, 145 

tectudo. hey 2, 29, 143, 154. Ophiotreta..............-.2.---- 73, 100, 101, 102 

MALICE Sore es ee 2,31, 153 | (Ophiotreta) affinis, Ophiacantha....... 2, 99, 145 

Ophiomyces mirabilis.................. 2,792,143 | Ophiotreta sertata......................-- 102 
Opbiomycen des. see cteies = set gers antes amici 2,72 | (Ophiotreta) sertata, Ophiacantha.... 2,102,157 
Ophiomyxa flaccida.................. 3,182, 162 valenciennesi, Ophiacantha. . . 2 
GUMS: sock wec webeseres - sae 162 99, 101, 102 


172 INDEX. 
Page Page. 
Ophiozonas=sesescs case mone eee 33 | rubicunda, Ophioderma....... yoneeaeee 1, 7,148 
clypesta.n.. coe sees anee 149 | rugosum, Ophiomusium................ 2, 26,143 
ubia 2s e2---s2--ee ee ee ocea Coy Lol ul isarsit: Ophioplyphasne--eescee eee 2, 23,124, 143 
TIMPPeesa |< 22- cases ee ae 2) ds dO) Peavignyl, Opbtactisn: +=. eeeeeeseees 2, 41,154 
IMATIMNOLED) <5 ican eee ee eens 149 | scabriuscula, Ophiocnida.................. 2,43 
MIVCA es ciajanereiroeeeal eee toee 150 | scolopendrica, Ophiacantha..............- 73 
var cOoMmpia-seeeneeeeeeee 2,11 | scolopendrina, Ophiocoma.........-..-....- 117 
tessellata’< Poscceaqsastcaesecieses 150 | sculptilis, Ophioglypha............-... 2, 24,152 
Ophiuratsces.sosiocsecc cee oaoeenneeeeese 147 | sculptum, Ophiomusium....-.......... 2,28, 143 
elongata «22 cece tas ceases sags 39 | secundus, Ophiologimus............-. 8, 115,145 
Ihexactia; ac ox 2 sess cc jocievs certereye = 117 Ophiomastus!s-+---ee-eeee ee 2,11,151 
OliVACEIMN s saeeren cee semen 4 | segesta, Ophiacantha.............-....-. sae 72 
ACLPONE wees celep test eres 4 | semiermis, Amphiura..........-.--.-- 47, 49, 156 
Ophiurees 3.5 scee scons te niensis corsets cies yes 147 | serpens, Ophiobyrsa...-.-. .2--2222--2=ec~ 163 
orbiculata, Ophioglypha...............-.-. 18,19 Ophiobyrsella: 2225-2 -2- 420s 127 
ormata, Ophiomitras eens -eeee ee eee 110 Ophiura:. 5. -cc5.ssccsseeeeeceeete 4 
Otten Am phitira feceereieey arte 2, 61, 144, 156 | serratum, Ophiomusium.....-.........- 2, 29,153 
pallida ;Ophiothrixaes-eeee eee eer eeeee eer 120) |/'sertata, Opbiacantha-..--s2--edeecee eee 102, 157 
palmeri, Amphiura..... 2, 45, 48, 52, 54, 55, 58, 146 Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta)-...- 2,102,157 
paucispina, Ophiolepis................- 2,11, 149 QOphiomitra,.2- > 2-2 heen sees 102 
pectinula;/Ophiacanthas- 592.0 --- --12-39-6 81, 82 Ophiotretal. 24ac6/)2 5. epee oe 102 
Ophiectodialc52.c-eeeceseecaes 83 | sexradiata, Sigsbela..--..---5---+--ee> 3, 135,145 
Rectinurarang later ees esse see eee eee Oi Sigsbela. sacs acs acces ince sc ees ett eet 
honorata rec sce sce sects eee 9 conifers aecaeneee aes 3, 133,136, 145 
pentacrinus, Ophiacantha................. 2, lineata <3. 5e fae eee eee 135 


86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 144 
permixta, Ophiacantha Nara 2, 96, 144 


petersi, Ophiarachnella................-.- 149 
placentigera, Ophiacantha.............-.-.- 100 
plans iO phiactis hoses soccer ease ees LOD 
planum, Ophiomusium................- 2,26, 153 
Platy.caulis\danielsseni...--...--------..- 103,127 
porrecta, Ophiomitrella ...........-.. 2,107, 145 
Ophiionereistes2 tesa eee res At 
pulchella; Amphiodia- ies --e s--e eee ee 2,70 
Ammphitirar tse) sete ele 70 
pulchellum, Ophiomisidium............... 2, 
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 

Ophiomusium= sce. e ee 32 

pumila |Ophiocomase=.--eess- ese 3,117, 160 
quadrispinosa, Ophiobyrsella......... 3, 125, 145 
quadrispinus, Ophioscolex............-.-.- 124 
rathbuni, Amphiutac ese cre tee 2, 50, 146 
reductim. Ophiomidassesss. sere asa aer 33 
relictum, Ophiomusium...............----- 28 
repens: Amphiura s,s tence teerscos ce cosee 156 


reticulata, Ophionereis............. 2,44, 59, 155 
riisei, Amphiodia..........-.......-.. 68, 69, 144 


AmMphintacescceesoce e255 - 5662 S9, 40) LOG 
Ophiocomas 2-2 ee --eoosee = 3, 118,159 
Ophiopsila: acces es. sea aciee 2, 45,155 
robusta, Ophioglypha-- sees see eet ae 2,23 
Ophiomiiraser ces eee ese 2, 108,144 


Murrhing <2 4-42---se ee eee oD LD Ges 
sexradiata................-.-. 3, 185, 145 


solida, Ophioglyphas-------2-e seen eeee 16 
speciosum, Ophiomisidium... 2, 32, 33, 34, 37, 143 
spectabilis, Ophiacantha.................- 78 
spinea,,Ophiomitra:.-2e4-- eee aac eee ees 110 
spinulosa, Ophioglypha lepida var......... 20 
squamata, Amphipholis..........-- 2, 52, 66, 156 
Am phiurac i s.coscieeiaceeeeieeenes 66 
Ophionereis-2 522 3.5.5.2 sees eas 44 

squamosa, Ophiochondrella............--... 129 
squamosus, Ophiochondrus...............- 129 
squamulosa, Ophionereis........--..-.-.--- 2, 44 
stellata; Ophiacanthasos.--4--5--eeoeeaere 156 
stelliger, Ophiochondrus. .........-......- 129 
stimpsoni, Amphiura.........-....-.- 2, 59, 64,144 
AiumMpsonil,| Ophioderae.-- 25 ose 3, 132 
Stylasterfilopranar esc. ese ee eee 133 
suensonii, Ophiothrix..............-.. 3, 121,161 
supinus, Ophioperonis <2 yess eee ee ae 162 
tenera, -Amphiurae, se ee eee eene eee 156 
Ophicglyphaciss == a osenas eee 152 

tenue, cAstrocheman nso ssc sees feet 165 
tenuispina, Amphipholis................-.. 2, 66 
Armphiuta fone caijeieteesetitete 66 

tessellata, Bathypectinura..........--..... LD 
Ophiozona joc. -<s een eee eesese et 150 


testudo, Ophiomusium........... 2,29, 143, 154 





; : Pe - te e- 
- d , Pin, 97 ae io 
ee ‘i i * e 0 fim ‘ 

; INDEX. 173 
Page. , Page. 
thouleti, Ophioglypha..................... 21, 22 | variabilis, Ophioglypha.................. 24, 152 
troscheli, Ophiacantha.................. 73, 156 | variegata, Ophioderma.................... 1,7 
tuberculosa, Ophiacantha.................. 73 | varispina, Ophiacantha................... 72 
pumida;Ophiomyxa:.~ =. 5 siaj-ista ics aise 162 | vepratica, Ophiacantha................ 2,94, 145 
tumulosa, Ophioglypha................... 18, 19 | victorie, Ophionotus...................-. 20 
uncinata, Ophiolepis...................... 39 | violacea, Ophiothrix...................- 118, 160 
uncinatus, Ophiobrachion................. 163 | virescens, Ophioderma.................... 3 
valenciennesi, Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta)... 2, 99, vivipara, Ophiacantha.................... 2,96 
E 101, 102 | wundermani, Amphiura................... 42 
valida, Ophiomitra.............. 3, 110, 137, 158 Ophiophragmus.......... 2,42, 144 

validum, Ophiomusium............... 2,31, 153 

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