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iThr iSuatttPss Journal

moore & miner's
Accounting and Business Practice

AN IDEAL TEXT IN
BOOKKEEPING

TO present a thorough training in bookkeeping and business forms
based upon the methods employed in the best commercial houses of
to-day and developed along the simplest, most practical lines is the
purpose of Moore and Miner's "Accounting and Business Practice."
Wide use in the schools and business colleges of the East, West, South,
and North has proved to a gratifying degree how successfully this purpose
has been fulfilled.

GINN & COMPANY, Publishers
Boston New York Chicago

New York Office: 70 FIFTH A VENUE

London

The
Supremacy of

"Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy"

is being demonstrated almost daily by actual adoption of this premier publication. When you hear
adverse criticisms, which are being so freely distributed by representatives of other texts, if you wish
to learn the truth from those who arc using it, let us send you a list of schools.

THE COMMISSION SET

of this remarkable work has met with an enthusiastic reception from every teacher who has seen it.
It presents a combination of new and most interesting features, with which every teacher should be
familiar. Are you? It is ready for anyone who who wants to see it.

"Rowe's Drills in Writing Contracts"

is an important little pamphlet that should be called to the attention of teachers at this time. It pro-
vides the most important part of a good training in commercial law. Those who use it say they could
not afford to do without it.

There are teachers who like to give some elementary exercises before starting students in the
regular bookkeeping course. Such teachers will find "A THEORY SET FOR BEGINNERS" (No.
9] on the price list), and "PRELIMINARY DRILLS IN BOOKKEEPING" (No. ll'J on the price
list I, excellent mediums for this purpose.

BALTIMORE / /,-& /~{ T^U/l^O CtSFySo. MARYLAND

1 nc Business Journal, Published by the Business Journal Company, Tribune Building, New York, Horace G. Healey, Editor.

ullje IBusinpsa Journal

The Prize Winners in the Seven International Contests

i —

Average j
Gross

Percentage

Net Speed ]

Matter

Speed Per |

Minute j Positions Awards

AND

Contestants

Read

Minute for

Under the

Place

Five
Minutes

Rules

April 14, 1906
at

Sidney H. Godfrey
of

Isaac
Pitman

Newspaper

167

98.1

150 1

Miner
Medal

Baltimore

London, Eng.

Eagan

Nellie M. Wood

Isaac

Judge's Charge

225

163 1

Cup

Mar. 30, 1907

of Boston. Mass.

Pitman

Miner

Boston

Sidney H. Godfrey
of London, Eng.

Isaac
Pitman

Newspaper

165

96.25

123 4

Medal

April 18, 1908

Philadelphia

Nellie M. Wood
of Boston

Isaac
Pitman

Testimony

260

98.4

253

Eagan
Cup
Miner

C. H. Marshall 1 Pit-

Testimony

260

95.8

242

Medal

of Chicago manic

Eagan

Cup

permanently

April 10, 1909

Nellie M. Wood Isaac

Judge's Charge

240

94.6

227

Testimony

277

95.3

264

and World's

Providence

Speed Record

Shorthand

Writer Cup

-.. .

and Title

Aug. 34, i909

at
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WillardB.Bottotne
of New York

Pit-
manic

Speech
Testimony

207
280

12
78

98.8
94.3

205
262

"Champion

Shorthand

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of the World"

Shorthand
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Aug 23, 1910

Denver

Clyde H. Marshal

Pit-

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200
240

96.11
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192.6
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and Title
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Adam's

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170

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, 169

Trophy

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190

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189.6

permanently

Aug. 28, 1911

Testimony

210

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Writer Cup

Buffalo

Speech

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196.4

and Title

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240

96.66

232

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268

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For Copies of thisTable with particulars of a free Correspondence Course for teachers, Address

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, Publishers

2 WEST 45th STREET

NEW YORK

{"Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand," $1.50
Publishers of j„A Practkal Course in Touch Typewriting," 75,-.

Adopted by the High Schools of New York and other leading cities.

®1ip Hiustutaa Journal

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Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
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THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

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And this is a sample of llic whole country.

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J. A. LYONS & COMPANY

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tig advertisements pie

ention The Business Journal.

'le/no S^~

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GJljp IBuatttfBa Journal

Office Training for Stenographers

£y RUPERT P. SORELLE

Xo other book that we have published has met
with a quicker, a more enthusiastic and significant
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have been waiting for; it adds finish and effi-
ciency to the stenographic course. They say :

"I certainly think it marks a distinct forward step in
the work of training competent stenographers." — D. D.
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"I shall start an office training class of seventy-live in
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mercial School. Providence. R. I.

"It is one of the finest things I have seen." — C. A.
Balcomb, Spencerian Commercial School. Cleveland.
Ohio.

"1 think all of us commercial teachers owe you a
vote of thanks for publishing such an excellent course
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emy, New London. N. II.

"It is one of the best books of its kind that ray imag-
ination could picture. I don't try to compare it with
any other book on the market because it is incompara-
ble ; I think every school should use it in the office
preparation." — Frances Effinger-Raymond, Principal.
Seattle Business College. Seattle. Wash.

You need "Office Training" NOW for your
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Send for free sample pages : or better still, a
copy of the book itself — price to teachers. Toe.

THE GREGG PUBLISHING CO.

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THE MADARASZ BOOK

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Sl]f Uusittpss 3aurnal

Modern Illustrative Bookkeeping— Revised

INTRODUCTORY COURSE - ADVANCED COURSE - COMPLETE COURSE

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No change has been made in the teaching
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^Y Fritz & Eldridge's Expert Typewriting

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PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

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S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

In answering advertisements please mention Tsi Business Joubnm..

36th Year

JANUARY, 1912

No. 5

THE NEW YEAR.

"Hope springs eternal in the human breast ;
Man never is, but always to be blest" Pope.

The New Year ! What a world of optimism is contained in
that simple sentence — the New Year. The disappointments,
the sorrows, the blighted hopes of the old year will, it is
devoutly trusted by each one of us, be buried in the deep
oblivion of the past and the New Year, full of rich promises
and endowed with the heartfelt wishes of millions upon
millions of human beings, will be loaded with good things
for each one of us and bring to each in turn all that our
hearts may desire. Hope is the very salt of the earth.
Without it, man would indeed be a sorry spectacle, for the
man who is without hope is dead already whether he is aware
of it or not. The New Year, if it serves no other purpose,
does one good thing — it brings to each one of us — Hope.
New Year's day is a fresh beginning,
New Year's morn is the world made new,
New for those who are hopeless of winning.
New Year brings still a hope for you —
A hope for me and a hope for you.
So let us be full of hope for the New Year. "There is a
past" says Robertson "which is gone for-ever. But there
is a future, which is still our own." Let us not look back
then for the days gone by, nor let us heave even a sigh for
the hours that are fled — let us gaze forward and onward to
the New Year with confidence, without fear and with a manly
heart

Turn this leaf and smile, oh ! smile to see,
The fair white pages that remain to thee.
The New Year! What will you make of it? On New
Year's eve we are apt to fill the circumambient air with racous
cries and direful hootings and with the morning's light vow
a veritable host of wondrous resolutions, which man's frail
nature makes impossible to fulfill in their entirety. Rut these
New Year's resolutions are helpful and useful. They are
based upon the errors of the old year and, like lighthouses,
point out the shoals, rocks and quicksands, which are to be
avoided in the New Year. We may not carry out a tithe
of the New Year's resolutions, which with all sincerity we
so eagerly formulate, but when we break them the re-
membrance of our promises ofttimes moderate our activities
and exert a wholesome restraining influence on our actions.
If then you make New Year's resolutions, strive not after
the impossible. Be moderate in your promises, but remember
the New Year is bringing you to another beginning. The
coming year will be what you make it to a very great
extent. As you are moderate in your promises, be also
moderate in your expectations. The New Year will not turn
all the luxuries of this world in your lap, neither will it
gratify one tithe of your ambitions. So be moderate. Success

in this world is not achieved by leaps and bounds. "Step by
step wrote the French philospher, "one goes very far", so
don't anticipate too much for the New Year. Be hopeful,
but never forget if you would attain your desires — the hopes
of the New Year— you must work. Coleridge wrote .
Work without hope, draws nectar in a sieve
And hope, without an object cannot live.
So have your object in the New Year. Lay out your
plans and having made them— hold on to them. The secret
of success lies in the three little words "Stick to it", so in
the New Year remember to be persistent. Then try to adapt
yourself to circumstances. Learn to know what you cannot
do and you will soon find that what you can do, you can do
better than anyone else. This will command attention and
with the notice will come promotion.

The New Year then is full of hope and promise of better
things for one and all of us, so "Here's Hopin'." that joy,
prosperity and happiness may attend the progress of each
one of the Business Journal's readers during 1912 and in
looking back over the past year may we all say with Frank
L Stanton :

Year ain't been the very best ;
Purty hard by trouble pressed;
But the rough way leads the rest —
Here's Hopin'.

Where we planted roses sweet
Thorns come up an' prick the feet ;
But this old world's hard to beat —
Here's Hopin'.

Mrs. Harriman has made a large gift of money for the
purpose of systematic instruction and train-
ing for public service. Every city in the
country is in want of trained men to conduct
its business and if this great gift will furnish
us with competent and skillful men whose
activity and influence will place the finances of our great
American Cities on a firmer and better basis, to say nothing
of obliterating graft, Mrs. Harriman's beneficence will bestow
untold blessings on the present and future generations in the
way of "Municipal righteousness."

TRAINING
FOR THE
PUBLIC
SERVICE.

The Horace Mann School of New York City has taken
steps to put an end to the Greek Letter fraternities, which
have hitherto held such a prominent place in
SCHOOL American Colleges and Schools. The ad-

FRATERNI- mitte(j evjjs 0f tne fraternity system should
TIES TO BE be abolished and we trust that this will be
ABOLISHED {he beg;nning ot tne end. The bond between
classmates ought to be strong, but it almost disappears where
the fraternity system is paramount.

♦ # •<

Sl]p lusutrss ilnurnal

OUR GOLD MEDAL CONTESTS.

We desire again to call attention to our Penmanship
Contests for the ensuing year. In our September issue we
gave some details in which we stated that the success of
last year's contests was so great and wide-spreading that we
had decided to offer similar prizes to the student body of
America for the present year. We believe in good penman-
ship, and desire to do all in our power to stimulate interest
in this all-important study. The Business Journal in its
columns is monthly offering sets of lessons for the practice
of penmanship, which are unrivalled. They are prepared
by masters of the art. and if properly followed will produce
the best class of penmen.

We would ask all students and others desiring to enter
the Contests to read the following :

The Business Journal in order to encourage the practice
of penmanship among the student body of America, hereby
offers to award Gold, Silver and Bronze medals as follows:

To the student who makes the Most Improvement in Pen-
manship up to July 1, 1912, a Gold Medal ; to the second
best a Silver Medal; to the third best a Bronze Medal.

To the best writer on July 1, 1912, a Gold Medal ; to the
second best a Silver Medal ; to the third best a Bronze
Medal.

These Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals will be suitably
engraved with the names of the Winner, the Teacher, the
School and the Date.

The conditions for entering the Contest are very simple
and within the reach of every student attending a business
school or a high school. If you are at present in a school
where there are not ten subscribers, get out and hustle and
form a club, so that you and your friends may compete.

Conditions of Contest.

1. Each competitor must be a subscriber to the Business
Journal in a club of ten or more.

2. The contestants to follow the instructions and lessons
given in the courses for the year.

3. The contest to begin on the date the student enters-
school, and to close on July 1, 1912.

4. All students must file specimens of their work im-
mediately on entering school, the same to be verified and
kept on file by the teachers. Contestants not in school must
send first specimens to the office of the Business Journal,
the same to be vouched for by some trustworthy person.

5. Final specimens to consist of such work as may be
designated later on to he sent to the Journal office, each
specimen to bear the approval of the teacher, or in case
oi the office worker, some individual acceptable to the Journal.

Certificate Awards.

In ..nler that there may lie winners in every school, having
ten or more contestants, a Certificate will be awarded to the
one who makes the Most Improvement, and another to the
"Champion Penman." In the contests for Certificates, the
school principal or tin- teacher in charge will make the
decisions.

I e Certificates will be beautiful, specially prepared and
worthy of the earnest efforts of nil competing penmen.

1'e.n lu-rs who have not yet started a club of contestants
are urged to organize our forthwith and enroll their con-
testants at the earliest possible date. Clubs should be sent in

at once.

Vparl from the honor to the individuals and the schools
receiving the medals and oilier prizes for the best penman-
ship, it must not be forgotten that THE BUSINESS Journal
itself is worth far more than the small amount of sub-
scription asked for it. Every single number contains matter
and information that cannot fail but to he of the greatest

service to every student or office worker. A perusal of its
columns will keep the reader posted to the minute on all
the latest mechanical labor-saving business appliances ; it
will give him hints on Salesmanship, Advertising, Account-
ancy, Advanced Bookkeeping, and Arithmetic for the
Business Office; it will place before him the finest examples
of Business and Ornamental Penmanship and Writing for
the Accountant ever prepared in any magazine ; Shorthand
with examples of five of the leading systems; Touch
Typewriting with a splendid series of lessons by one of the
best teachers in the United States on bow to acquire high
speed with accuracy ; articles on card systems, filing methods
and scores of other interesting features of an educational
character, written by the best authorities in their special line
There is no other magazine in the country that offers such
a varied and useful program, and we believe on examination
of the contents of a single number, you will admit that it
is the cheapest and best investment you have ever made.

To those teachers, who have not yet formed a club, we
would urge them to do so forthwith. January is usually a
month, wdien students are eager to begin the New Year
right and are ready and willing to subscribe to the The
Business Journal, when they know the many advantages
that each number offers them. We shall be happy to send ta
any teacher sample copies of the magazine for distribution
among likely subscribers. Then when they are received, it
will be found to be an easy matter to point out the advan-
tages accruing to those who subscribe, and a good Club will
follow as a matter of course. Let us know at once if we can
help you and how. Our services are at your disposal.

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.

J. F. Flower, Chicago, 111.

Miss Phoebe L. Demarest, Paterson, X. J.

C. A. Robertson, L. I. Business College, Brooklyn, N. Y.

F. A. Curtis, Supervisor of Writing, Hartford, Conn.

C. W. Clark, Walworth Institute, New York City.

W. E. Dennis, Examiner of Documents and Engrosser,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

E. W. Schlee, Newark, N. J., Business College.

\~. A. Fulton, Derby, Conn., High School.

A. P. Merrimee, New Brunswick, N. J., Business College

If M. Hinman, Westerly. R. I., Business College.

Alice E. Benbow, Supervisor of Writing, Schenectady, N. Y.

Elizabeth K. Middleton. Supervisor of Writing, Camden,
N. J.

Alice F. Curtin, Supervisor of Writing, Pittsfield, Mass.

J. C. Barber. B. & S. Business College, Providence. R. I.

Thomas A. Walton. Providence, R. I.

Frances M. Wallace. Supervisor of Writing, Auburn. N. Y

C. G. Prince, American Book Co., New York.

THE MADARASZ BOOK.

The Madarasz Book, consisting of eighty pages the size
of The Journal, and contahrng an assortment of the very
best work that ever came from his pen, is out. Every penman
and everyone who admires the beautiful in pen work should
order a copy immediately.

Copies of the various bindings may be had by calling at
The Journal office. Orders by mail should be sent to Zaner
& Bloser, Columbus, Ohio.

No words can adequately describe the beautiful work to
be found in the volume, and all who obtain a copy will
treasuie it as long as they live.

Paper binding, $1.00; cloth, $2.00; half-morocco, $3.00;
full morocco, $5.00.

A rovaltv on each book sold goes to Mrs. Madarasz.

r/e^yi S-f-

Slip ^usinpsa Journal

MULTIPLICATION FROM LEFT TO RIGHT.

By James E. Downey, Head Master High School of Com-
merce, Boston.
lOXSIDERABLE attention has been given in the
;alm of mathematics to "contracted multipli-
Lgsni^l 11 nines called reverse multi-

\ V?1 .1 'II plication: but I regard this as a misnomer be-
cause in that work the multiplication is not
dually reversed. The multiplication is reversed as far as the
multiplier is concerned but not as far as the multiplicand is
concerned. While the scheme has great value, especially in
the realm of science, yet it does not seem to me to have near
the value for commercial education that true reverse multi-
plication has.

This process of multiplication from left to right is used in
one statistical office that I am familiar with because of its
great value for them.

To become familiar with this method of work the pupil
must first learn the following table:

Table of per cent equivalent for

1-33 1/3 1-25

1-20

1-16 2/3

1-14 2/7

1-12

1/2

1-11 1/9

2-66 2/3 2-50

2-40

8-33 1/3

2-28 4/7

2-25

2-22 2/9

3-75

3-60

3-50

3-42 6/7

3-37

1/2

3-33 3/9

4-S0

1-66 2/3

4-57 1/7

4-30

4-44 4/9

5-83 1/3

5-71 3/7
6-85 5/7

5-62

6-75
7-S7

1/2
1/2

5-55 5/9
6-66 6/9

7-77 7/9

S S-. V .''I

■ table is given th

e name

that it

has

because it

valuable table

in it

self and

because

the

knowledge

The
is a \

of relations mastered in its learning gives one neces-
sary ground work for multiplying from left to right.
The table must be recited, "1/2 equals 50%, 1/3 equals
33 1/3%, 2/3 equals 66 2/3%, 1/4 equals 25%," etc. The
pupil must further be able to give the recurring decimal in
each case, as 33 1/3% equals 33.33...%, 11 1/9% equals

11.11...%, 37 1/2 equals 37.5%, 14 2/7 equals 14.2857142857

28 4/7% equals 28.5714285714 85 5/7 equals 85.

7142857142 This matter of the recurring decimals is

very easy to master except in the case of 7 ; but even
there it is seen that in the case of each aliquot part only
6 numbers are repeated ; 1/7 equals .14 2/7, equals .1428 4/7,
equals .142857 1/7; from that point on the decimal repeats
itself.

To multiply by this method glance along at the next two
numbers beyond the one under operation and note the value
of these two numbers with reference to the aliquot part of
a hundred of the multiplying number. This will become
clear as a few illustrations are given.

To multiply 8635 by 2 : first multiply 8 by 2 : this gives
16: now look at the next two numbers 63: 63 is over 50
and so one is added to 16, making 17; 17 is then put down
in the product : now 2 times 6 equals 12 : the next two
numbers 35, are under 50, so that nothing is added to the
12; therefore 2 is put after the 17, making the product
thus far 172 ; next 2 times 3 equals 6 ; the next two numbers.
50, adds 1 to the three making the number thus far 1727:
and the final answer is 17270.

To multiply 8635 by 5 : 5 X 8= 40 : 40 -f 3 (because 63 is
over 60 but less than 801 equals 43 ; 43 is put down in pro-
duct : 5 X 6 = 30 ; 30 + 1 = 31 ; this makes the product
thus far 431 : 5 X 3 gives for the next term in the product
7: the final answer is 43175.
4 73:', X 3 = 14199
4734 X. 3 = 14202

673332 X :: = 2010996

673333 X 3 = 2019999

673334 X 3 = 2020002
161427 X 7 = 1129989

161428 X7= 1129996

161429 X 7 — 1130003

These last few illustrations show that sometimes you have
to look beyond the next two numbers to rind o_ut between
what two aliquot parts of a hundred the succeeding figures lie
To multiply 7642 b) 369
7642
369

22926

45852

68778

2819898

The one care to be taken here is that the units number
of the product in each case ought to be placed under the
multiplying figure ; this saves confusion as regards decimal
point.

The advantages of this scheme are many. It may be in
order, however, to point out a few. The value to each par-
ticular teacher can best be determined, however, only by
trying.

1. It acquaints the pupils with a valuable table.

2. It records numbers in the way in which we are ac-
customed to read them ; accordingly we can carry more
numbers in our heads without setting down results.

3. It gives valuable drill work for mental operation.

4. it has all the advantages that left to right work has in
adding and substraction.

5. Should work be interrupted, it can be resumed without
any repetition to find out how much to carry forward.

6. It does away with carrying unnecessary decimals by
establishing decimal point first, drawing vertical line at the
point beyond which you do not want to keep figures in the
answer, and by not recording work beyond that line.

HOW GOLD PENS ARE MADE.

Pens of American Manufacture Sold Throughout the World.

The tiny tip of white metal seen on the under side of
the point of a gold pen may be of platinum, but it is more
likely to be iridium. Iridium is a very hard metal and it is
expensive; it costs about four times as much as gold. The
purpose of the iridium tip is of course to give the pen a more
durable point.

The gold pen maker buys his gold at the assay office in
bars of pure 24 karat gold, which he melts and alloys with
silver and copper to the degree of fineness required. Gold of
14 karats is used in the manufacture of the best American
gold pens, that being the degree of fineness deemed most
suitable for pen use : but good pens made in this country for
sale in France are made of 18 karats, the French Govern-
ment requiring that all articles exposed for sale in that
country as made of gold shall be of not less than 18 karats.

The gold from which the pens are to be made is rolled
and rerolled until what was originally a thick heavy bar of
gold has been rolled into a thin gold ribbon about three feet
in length by four inches wide. Then this gold ribbon is put
into a machine which stamps out of it pen shapes, all still
Mat. Then on the tip of each of these pen shapes is fused
the iridium point, and then the shapes go to a slitting machine,
which cuts the slit in the pen. From the slitting machine
the pens go through another, which gives them their rounded,
familiar pen form, and then the pens are ground and polished
and finished ready for use.

American gold pens in fountian pens or as dip pens are
sold in every country in Europe in competition with pens of
British or of German manufacture, and under the same
competition they are sold throughout the world, in South
America. Africa. Japan. China, wherever pens are used.

J ♦ # I
• ♦ ♦ » » #•'!

SHORTHAND IN A SHORT TIME.

VERY teacher of stenography is asked this
question by each anxious pupil, "How long do
you think it will take me to learn shorthand?"
Then the conscientious instructor will make
the evasive reply: "Well, it just depends upon
the amount of progress you make with the system in the
next few weeks." As a matter of fact, it would be ex-
tremely difficult to define any stated period for acquiring
the "winged art." So much depends upon the capabili-
ties, adaptability and education of the student, and then
upon how far the student desires to carry his studies.

In learning shorthand the first point to decide is "What
system?" I would like briefly to say here that all the
systems are good, all of them are capable of the highest
speed, but to reach a very high rate of reporting in any
system, you must practice, practice, practice, and be emi-
nently qualified in other ways. The mere ability to take
down spoken words is but one small part of the business
of reporting. An equally important point, is the ability
to read or transcribe. Even after you have acquired the
power to transcribe your shorthand notes, comes the dif-
ficult problem of putting your transcription into an intel-
ligent and comprehensive shape, so that it may convey
the exact ideas intended. This is the special art of the
skilled reporter, and calls for education, tact, and adapt-
ability.

Having chosen your system, either geometrical, or
script, decide forthwith whether you , wish to be an
amanuensis, or shorthand clerk, or a reporter. Let us
assume that you wish to become an office stenographer.
Then confine your studies hard and fast to this field.
Learn your system, the theory part of it. In studying,
however, don't assume that shorthand is like a science
that can be acquired by book learning, or by poring over
the stenographic characters. You will never succeed that
way. Shorthand must come from the fingers. "Write
and read, write and read, write and read," are the golden
rules to progress. Every shorthand character in the text
book should be written at least a dozen times. Every
exercise must not only be written in shorthand, but tran-
scribed from the notes either in longhand or on the type-
writer. It will take you longer to learn to read shorthand
than it does to write it.

When you have mastered your text book, take up busi-
ness correspondence. Get a dictation book of easy busi-
ness letters, and someone to read each letter to you
slowly. Write sufficient letters at a "take" to prevent
your memory from assisting you too much. Compel
yourself to rely on your ability to transcribe what you
have written. When your notes have been corrected by
your instructor, practice the correct outline for each word
you have written wrongly, at leasl a ' 1 < > ^ <.- 1 1 times. Tin-

idea of this is to get the outline of the word photo-
graphed on the brain, so that the next time you hear it
dictated, you will write the correct outline without the
slightest effort or delay.

Take letters and more letters. Enlarge your vocabu-
lary of shorthand words by faithfully practising your er-
rors. Don't strive for speed. Aim for accuracy of out-
line, and transcribe each letter until you can read your
shorthand notes like print. You will constantly be com-
ing across new words. Divide them into syllables in your
mind, and write the syllables in shorthand without hesita-
tion. Remember "He who hesitates in writing shorthand
is lost." Make an effort to write each new word quickly.
Get it down somehow, but in such shape that you can
read it. After the dictation is over practice the correct
outline, so that that particular word will never worry you
again.

If your friend or teacher tires of dictation, get a phono-
graph, read some letters into it, and then take dictation
from that. Go over the same letter time and time again,
until you can write it correctly and fast. Confine your
practice wholly and solely to business correspondence and
work for a speed of 100 to 110 words per minute on this
class of dictation. In all your work, never forget to tran-
scribe what you have written. It may be tedious, and
seem unnecessary, but it is the only royal road to success.

Each letter transcribed should be written on the type-
writer, as though it were a real letter. Get the form of
a business letter thoroughly fixed in your mind, and write
each letter strictly according to the best standard. To
get quick results, write nothing but business correspond-
ence. Avoid newspaper articles, and extracts from stan-
dard authors, at this stage of the study, as the long words
and difficult language may discourage you. Remember
dictated language, especially business dictation, is far
more simple than written or book language.

If the plan indicated here is pursued faithfully, you may
soon become an office stenographer, and once the routine
of an office is learned, and you get over your "stage
fright," all will be plain sailing. But don't boast of your
speed. You will only know how to write a very few out
of the 300,000 words in the English language. If you wish to
become a skilled reporter, it will mean months and months
more of hard practice, with a vast enlargement of your
shorthand vocabulary. Your scope of dictated matter
must be made to cover any and all kinds of matter: Ser-
mons, lectures, speeches, testimony, evidence, legal work,
and a hundred and one different phases of spoken lan-
guage that go to make up the everyday work of the skilled
reporter. It is an entirely different world of language to
that of the office amanuensis. You can reacli it if you
will, but the way is hard, the pace is strenuous, thousands
try to reach the goal, but only one in several thousand
shorthand writers ever get there.

57 U>jyy\ 5 -?-

♦ % ♦ % % %

* %•"» % ♦ i

®ljf luatttfaa Journal

IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING SHORTHAND.

By Miss Flora B. Pryor, Waterbury, Conn.

N your shorthand work, you surely realize that you
must know the stems and vowels before you can
write words; that you must know the wordings
or grammalogues before you can write sentences;
that you must be able to write sentences before
you can write a letter; in short, you must know every lesson
as it comes, — know it for all time, not for the recitation time
only. Here is a suggestion: when you have words or word-
signs to learn, if you will write each one once in rotation,
then go over the list again, ten or twenty times as your
teacher tells you, you will gain vastly more from it than
from writing one word ten or twenty times, then the next,
and so on. Is a sentence made of one word only? Any
eight year old child could copy a word of shorthand ten or
.twenty times and do it as well as you if you do it that way
for it is almost entirely mechanical, but when you write a dif-
ferent word each time, thinking it out, then go over the
whole list in that way, I can safely guarantee that if you
think out each word as you write it, think why it is written
so, you will know them, — positively know them. If you don't,
go to your teacher and tell him, for there is something wrong.
You can't think about the waist Mildred has on, or about
winning a place on the ball team while you think out the out-
lines. That isn't the kind of work I mean. If the teacher
tells you to ose a pen, do it. Why do you go to him if he
doesn't understand his business better than you do? Stay
away and save your money — you'll need it.

Flora B. Pryor.

Don't leave out your vowels. One young man informed me
when he came into a class about half way through the book,
that he hadn't learned much about vowels because a stenog-
rapher told him he wouldn't use any when he went into office
work. No, he really didn't learn any of the vowels, and he
isn't working at shorthand ; he is driving a delivery wagon
now, and does fairly well at it !

I realize just how dry and tiresome it is to have to learn a
long lesson, writing it out conscientiously, but you are simply
paying the price for the ability you will have later to do ex-
cellent work and to feel that you are suiting your employer
a little better than anybody else possibly could. You pay the
price in tedious work, long hours and patience, but you are

rewarded for you have something when you are through that
is worth while. If you do not do this, you pay the price in
having difficulty to obtain a position or inability to do the
work satisfactorily when you obtain it, and also in always be-
ing in line to be discharged instead of being next in line for
promotion.

What would you think if you saw an intelligent person
who needed a barrel of flour to make a certain quantity of
bread, enter a store to buy flour, ask the proprietor how
much flour is, pay for a barrel of it and take but half of it
away, not because he had no use for it, not because he
couldn't carry it, but because he was in too great a hurry or
didn't realize he might need it later. So it is with your
school course. If you pay even the price of an intelligent
human being's time, the article you buy is worth much. If
you do not take all you need of the instruction the teacher is
glad and anxious to give you, like the foolish purchaser of
flour, you will undoubtedly need it later, but unlike the pur-
chaser who may return with the price of another barrel and
secure a duplicate, you probably will not have the same op-
portunity again. This may be the last year you will be able
to go to school, and you have a whole Mfe to live afterward
in which you may and probably will need the things which
are at hand for you simply to take now.
(To be Continued.)

In 1901 and 1902 Warren W. Smith was employed in the
neighborhood of New York as a teacher of commercial
branches. The Journal would like very much to learn of
his present address.

Munson Notes by the Huntsinger School, Hartford, Conn.

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®ije IBuHittPSB Journal

TRANSCRIPT OF DECEMBER SHORTHAND
PLATES.

Tlie one great stumbling block in the shorthand path is
the universal desire to force speed. From the very first
day that the learner takes up the subject his constant clamor
is for speed — not speed mi the things lie knows, but on the
things he does not know. After learning how to write a few
words and easy sentences he does not devote time to ac-
quiring speed on them ; it must be on new matter — something
in the dim and distant stenographic future. All the advice
and experience of the thousands who have successfully
served the various shorthand problems count for nothing.
He has hypnotised himself into a sort of speed madness,
and for the time being reason has deserted her throne.
Could the learner but be convinced that shorthand as now-
written is adapted to the rapid representation of spoken
words, even though (he characters be made slowly, he
would soon be on safe ground, and could focus his attention
upon the important things of his system. Shorthand is a
sort of doubly-contracted or abbreviated writing. By that
we mean that not only are abbreviations for the long-hand
used, but that the characters which go to make up the ab-
breviations are brief as legibility will permit. This makes
it possible to write spoken words rapidly, and at the same
time to make the shorthand characters -.lowly, a paradoxical
hut true statement.

Benn Pitman Notes by J. E. Fuller, Wilmington, Del.

SLANDERING STENOGRAPHERS.

It is none of our business — the sort of stenographers they
have in. Orange— but a profession which numbers perhaps
hundreds of thousands of members is entitled to a square
deal. And the' following from the Orange Chronicle is so
manifestly unjust that it merits correction. The Chronicle
says :

" '.My stenographer was taken suddenly ill, 'said a well
known Orange business man the other day, and as I had
dictated some important letters to her, which 1 wanted written
at once, 1 took her notes to a nearby stenographer and asked
for a translation of the notes. Judge of my surprise when I
was informed that no matter how expert a stenographer is.
he cannot read the notes of a colleague.' 'This is a common
complaint of men who know nothing of stenography and have
never studied it,' said a shorthand reporter recently. 'It is
true, however, that no stenographer can translate another's
notes. This does appear strange, but it must be remembered
that stenography is by no means a perfect science. In fact.
it is most imperfect and there is great room for improvement.
Therefore, every intelligent person who studies stenography
after he gets through with the rudiments of it begins to im-
prove it in his own way, invent word signs and characters and
changes or alters those he has learned. As a result, every
stenographer's notes are stamped by his own individuality, a
mystery to another, and. therefore, with the exception of the
words most commonly used it would be impossible to read
another's notes correctly.' "

For the information of the "well known Orange business
man" and others, it may he stated positively that there are in
this country many stenographers who habitually transcribe
the stenographic notes of others. Uusually they are $10-a-week
employees in the office of a high-priced man or woman. And
any reasonably competent writer of shorthand who cannot
read the notes of another reasonably competent writer of the
same system is certainly deficient somewhere. The Orange
business man has been badly misinformed. He should have
been able to get his stenographer's notes transcribed by
someone else with only a few errors such as could be cor-
rected with the pen. Probably the business man went to the
writer of a different system, and that created the false im-
pression in his mind. The "shorthand reporter" must have
had his fingers crossed when interviewed.— Elizabeth X. J.,

PINK WRAPPER

Kill your Journal .,,,,,,• In i
If so. It Is lo signify (hat your i
you should send us immediate!;*
for the News Edition, If you do
This sperlal wrapper (as well as
farh month)

PINK WRAIM'EK this iin.nl h?

uhseription has expired, and that
76 rents for renewal, or $1.00 if
not wish to miss a single eopy.

publishing the date of expiration
b-

> Is an additional eost to us: but so many of our
s.ribers have asked to he kept Informed eonrerning expiration
we feel that any expense is Justified.

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Isaac Pitman Notes by E. H. Craver, Paterson, N. J.

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~lfYY\ 5 -r-

«%«***

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.
Use your mind as well as your muscle.

A BRIEF COURSE IN BUSINESS WRITING.
By H. W. Flickinger.

For more than forty years the author of this course has oc-
cupied a place at the very pinnacle of his profession. It has
been the good fortune of but few men to be held in such
reverence and respect. We believe that we are safe in saying
that outside of the immediate Spencer family, no penman of
America has ever been a better exemplar of the orthodox
Spencerian style of writing. It is with unmitigated pleasure
that the publishers of the Business Journal place before
their readers a brief course in business writing by the nestor
of the profession.

Mr. Flickinger's Suggestions Regarding the Course.

To the I. corner: Thoughtless practice, however persever-
ing, will never produce a good writer. Aimless scribbling is
a waste of time. Successful practice requires not only care-
ful study of form, but also laborious training in movement.
Mind and muscle must be trained together. Good writing
must become a habit. Habit is established l>\ constant repe-
tition. The effort must be repeated again and again until a
habit is formed that will produce a good letter every time,
Criticise yourself closely as to position, penholding, move-
ment and form. The three essentials of good writing are
legibility, speed and beauty. Uniformity as to size, slant and
spacing secures legibility. Persistent training of the writing
muscles develops power and -peed Beauty is expressed by
grace of form and curve, delicacy of hairline, smoothness of

shade, and arrangement of lines. Think! Work' Review'
Labor is the price of success.

Before commencing the study and practice of these lessons,
write a specimen of your penmanship, somewhat as follows
Copy a selection that will cover a half dozen or more lines;
the capitals, the small letters and figures. Add your name
and the date of writing. Use foolscap paper. Preserve this
for comparison with future efforts, so that you can note your
progress

Materials: . .It is impossible to produce satisfactory results
with poor materials. Paper. — Secure a good quality of fool-
cap paper, not highly sized, but hard and firm. The poorest
is frequently the smoothest. Pens. — The best pen for prac-
tice is a steel pen with a fine elastic point. Penholder. — A be-
ginner should use a straight holder. It should be long
enough to extend about two inches above the knuckle-. After
the correct position has become established an oblique holder
may be used, if preferred. /n&^-Sbould be. black and thin
enough to flow easily. Keep the inkstand closed when not in
use. Change the pen when it becomes thick, and wash the
inkstand frequently to remove any sediment which m:i\ have
settled in the bottom. Penwiper. — A soft, moist sponge
placed in a small cup made for that purpose is the best pen-
wiper. Blotter. — Rest the hands upon a blotter to protect the
paper from the moisture of the hand.- Keep your materials
and implements for writing in good condition and cultivate
the habit of neatness in all that you do

THE WORK FOR JANUARY.
Introductory Course.

Week of January 1 : Plates 1 and 2.

Week of January 8: Plates 3 and 4.

Week of "January 15 : Plates "> and 6.

Week of January L»2 : Plates T and s.
Intermediate Course.

Week hi January 1: Plates 1 and 2.

Week of January S : Plates :! and 4.

Remainder of the month : Plate J.

BUDGET WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The Budget Work for January will consist of forty-eight
pages arranged as follows:

One page of each word in Plates 2 and 3 in the Inter-
mediate Course.

Illustrating Correct Position of Arm, Hand, Pen and Paper

(Ub* Sufltttfaa Journal

Q O O OLCta QrthOd2^h£k-

Plate 1 —The simplest capital letter is the O. One who can make the direct oval skillfully should be able to make
this letter we'll. Notice carefully the process of development— going from the movement drill to the finished letter. Make
many pages of each line. Practice the letter in connection with the words and sentences.

~&> ~&

Plate 2_The capital C is very similar to the O. Notice the construction. Two -styles are given. Some prefer one:
some, the other. Note the similarity of the small c to the capital. Each letter should be practised in connection with a
word and sentence.

^L^L

C^ ■ (_> Q. (o. -to J&. &

^LOJUL &

Plate 3 —Many penmen in making this letter make the top too small. There is not as much difference in the size
of the two parts as would appear at first glance. This Iettei joins very conveniently to several succeeding letters, as
shown in the plate. The E is the most useful letter in the entire alphabet.

aaaatftftfrf

<^<M^^LsC<ZZS

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piate 4._Notice carefully how this letter is made. Endeavor to close it at the top. Fill several pages with cub line
Wherever possible join this letter to a succeeding one.

ph,u K_The D is a very common letter in business, and should be thoroughly mastered by every; ambitious penman
Notice the finishing stroke is the same as the 0. The small d resembles the a with an extended top. Let the last line of
the plate be your motto for 1012.

~kyyy\ S-£

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QIIjp 1Bu0ittpaa Journal

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Plate 6 — All the letters in the preceding plates were made from the direct oval. In this and the succeeding two
plates the indirect oval is used. There will be no use in practising the letters until this oval is mastered. Note very care-
fully the evolution of the capital stem from the oval exercise. Wherever possible join the JV to a succeeding letter.

Plate 7. — If the N has been mastered, there will be little trouble with this letter. Endeavor to ' make the down
strokes as close together as possible. This is a very useful letter, and one who masters it will find other letters much
easier. Make many pages of the words and sentences.

•_ /r^_Z^/'-<£'^-<^^ ---<2^-Z^#Ci5^£^<^^^ Ar'

Plate S. — In making the H it is necessary to lift the pen, for it is made in two parts. Observe particularly that the
second stroke is curved. The finishing part is like the character for the word and. There is very little similarity between
the capital H and the small h. In the eight plates thus far given in this course it will be noticed that each smail letter is
introduced with its capital. The capital letter is emphasized for the reason that it is easier to apply the movement to a large
letter than it is to a small one. Nevertheless, ninety-eight per cent, of all writing is composed of small letters, and they
must not be neglected.

' ^z^v^ci^ q^ci^i^Cty cz^u^e^ ^2^-us^riJ ,

'My Favorite Writing Drills," by D. A. Casey, Albany, N. Y.

'..CPU C^tZA^rL/. .
"My Favorite Writing DrilU" by L. M. Holmes, Pittsburgh, Pa.

* ♦

♦ * •

INTERMEDIATE COURSE

By E. C. Mills

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Plate I. — In the course given thus far. all of the letters have been taught singly and in words. It is now planned ti
review all letters in a practical manner; namely, by using them in product work. The above paragraph should be written
many times.

f each word. Notice carefully the spelling

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C^t?-7^<^^?-z\^d^d^^Crd^. '.

Plate 3— Another list of words which may be used as a spelling lesson. Write at least one full page of each word.
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57 ^yry, 5^

SELLING SPECIALTIES IN NEW YORK

Si, FRANK RUTHERFORD

THE SCIENCE OF SALESMANSHIP.

HE young ambitious salesman, Hustler, whose
initial dive into selling specialties in New York,
we chronicled in two previous issues was sorely
disappointed with the treatment he received at
the various offices he called upon on the first
morning of his canvass. His country experience had filled
him with confidence and he anticipated, representing as he
did one of the leading office device specialties in the country,
that he would receive a cordial reception and a friendlj
greeting at each office he visited in New York. Instead of
that, however, rebuffs had been so plentiful that he began
to wonder whether he had really any selling abilities, and if
he had not made a great mistake in leaving Wallettsville,
where he was well-known and esteemed, for New York, where
he was, as he now saw, absolutely nobody and nothing but
an infinitesmal drop in the bucket of hustling humanity.

After his last turn-down, he stood in the corridor of the
large office building he was canvassing, angry and disap-
pointed. He looked at his watch. It was nearly twelve
o'clock and he had not received even the faintest encourage-
ment of any kind. What would they think of him at the
office? He took out his calling list and wrote down the
names of the firms he had already called on and opposite
each in the remarks column he added the fateful words : —
"Nothing doing."

As he wrote, his back was towards the elevator ami sud-
denly a stentorian voice shouted, as it seemed almost in his
ear; — "Going down." It startled him, he turned round, there
was the elevator man with the door open. It was down and
out for him unless he decided quickly. He remembered as
he instinctively stepped towards the elevator, that he was on
the tenth floor. He would try his luck on the eighth floor,
so as he entered the elevator he said "Let me out on the
eighth floor." The car dropped and in a moment he was
stepping out on the designated floor. He walked briskly
round the corner out of the sight of the elevator men and
quickly glanced at the names on the many doors. There was
an ample field and his courage returned. He walked to the
nearest door and boldly entered. A young woman at a
typewriter took his outstretched card and vanished with it
into an inside office. Soon she returned, opened the little
wicket gate and politely said; "Please walk in."

"This is easy !" thought Hustler, as he walked into the
inner office, "at last I am to have a fair show." A man was
sitting at a desk. He turned to greet the salesman — ;'Good
morning, Mr. Hustler, glad to see you, take a seat; so you
represent the Brannigan, a very fine machine sir, a very fine
machine, one of the best on the market, you ought to be
proud to represent it — "

"I am — "

"Of course you are Mr. Hustler," continued the man with
a rapidity and flow of speech that startled the salesman
"you are new at the business aren't you? Don't trouble to
answer, I know it by your style, you haven't acquired the
New York confidence yet. Fresh from the country, all new
and strange yet and you are not meeting with quite the
success you anticipated. Sort of getting it in the neck aren't
you? Don't trouble to answer, I know and can give you
the remedy. See you represent the Brannigan, what is the

address of your firm? Don't trouble to answer, I have it on
your card. Your sales manager's name is.' — "

"Jenkins."

"Jenkins, eh? Can be seen most any morning I suppose?
Don't trouble to answer, I will call and see him one day.
You want to be a salesman don't you? Don't trouble to
answer. You thought you were until this morning— now you
know you are not. You are only a card distributor, an
order taker, a reaper who has never sow-n, the city is full of
them. They flock here when they have had a little success in
the country and they think they know it all. But they don't,
not by a long sight, you didn't, and you don't now, but there is
hope for you. It was fortunate for you that you came to see
me just as you were starting out to take this great city by
storm. You have ambition, you want to make money?
Don't trouble to answer — I know it. Before you can do so,
as a salesman, you must learn the science of salesmanship.
You want to sell typewriters?"

"I most certainly do and I — "

"Don't trouble to answer" continued the fluent speaker,
with a flood of words that fairly swamped the salesman.
"To make more money you must have man-power and man-
power is mind power. The entire contents and working
materials of any human mind are mental impressions, mind
' pictures, images, built up in the mind, and the more com-
plete and perfect, these impressions are, the more complete
and perfect will be your work. Mental impressions of things
and conditions, as we would like them to be are called
ideals and their perfection depends upon the perfection of the
ideas from which they spring."

"Yes. but I—"

"My dear sir. don't trouble to answer. All that man can
do and be. depends upon the power of his mind. All that the
mind can do depends upon the perfection of the materials
of which it is composed and with which it has to work. A
man of weak, half-formed ideas and ideals is a man with a
wishbone where the backbone ought to be. Our feelings are
of two kinds, positive nnd negative. The salesman must do
his best to develop the positive feeling — "

"I'm positive I would like to sell you a Brannigan."

"My dear sir — don't trouble to — of course you would, and
the art of salesmanship as comprised in our brief course of
thirty lessons at the ridiculously low price of $50 would
without a doubt not only enable you to sell a Brannigan
possibly to me. but to every other office man that you in-
terviewed. Now our course — "

"Excuse me. but my time is valuable — can I — "

"No — don't trouble to interrupt — our course of salesman-
ship is one — "

"It doesn't interest me a bit" said Hustler" I had a friend,
who took up a course at one time and he — "

"Made a sreat success at it — don't trouble to answer — the
art of salesmanship — "

"As I understand it" interrupted Hustler rising "is to sell
you a typewriter — can I do so this morning?"

"If you would stop to listen — "

"But I have to sell some machines today. Sorry to be rude
but it is either your neck or mine — I prefer it to be yours—
I morning!"

"Come in again some time, when you are passing and
we'll show you how you can be benefitted by our unrivalled
course in salesmanship."

uUjf IBusuwaa 3ountal

By this time Hustler was in the corridor once more, full
of indignation that all his morning had been wasted in use-
less efforts. "I may be a bum salesman" he said to himself
"and as green from the country as they make 'em, but I'll
have one more try before I go to lunch." Opening the
nearest office door he entered and handed a waiting boy his
card. The boy glanced at it opened the wicket gate for him
and indicated a chair. Hustler sat down and patiently waited
for another good slap in the face to be handed out to him.
The boy returned. "Come this way" he said, and showed him
into an inner office, where a man sat at a desk.

"Good morning" he said quickly, "you represent the Bran-
nigan. We have several of your machines and like them
very well. We want two more. Price as usual I suppose?
Send the same machines as last and let us have them before
ten o'clock tomorrow morning. Here is the order. Pleased
to have met you. Good morning."

Hustler nearly staggered out of the office and almost at
his wit's end with surprise stood gazing at the written order
for two machines, which he held in his hand.

"Gee!" he said "two of 'em — as quick as a wink — just like
that ! My ! but New York is a good old town. Go-ing
do-own !"

THE ROGERS ADDRESSING AND DUPLICATING
MACHINE.

One of the exhibits at this year's National Business
Show in New York City which aroused much interest and
favorable comment was the new Rogers Combination
Duplicating and Addressing machine, shown by the Rogers
Addressor Company of Chicago.

The Rogers Combination is used either as a duplicating
machine or an addressing machine or a complete letter-
writing machine. Actual typewritten letters, each with a
different address, with salutation, body of letter and date
complete, are all done automatically at one operation and
through the same ribbon upon this machine. The en-
velopes are then addressed with the same device.

One of the biggest improvements shown upon the latest
model of the Rogers Combination machine is a series of
automatic skips. With these skips it is possible to address
the user's entire list, or any part or combination of classi-
fication thereof, automatically and without rearrangement
of the plates. The machine permits of six main classifica-
tions. We will suppose that a user of the equipment has
his list classified into National Banks, State Banks, brokers
and bond houses. With the automatic skip device it is
possible to single out the National Banks and bond houses,
omitting the State Banks and brokers, or the National
Banks, State Banks and brokers could be addressed and
the bond houses eliminated. This can all be done without
any rearrangement or handling of the user's plates and
list and as it is entirely automatic any possibility of error
by the operator is avoided.

Another new and important feature of the new machine
is that the question of salutation has been taken care of
so that the correct salutation for every letter typewritten
is automatically regulated upon the machine. This is done
without any effort or need of attention upon the part of
the operator of the machine. If plates requiring the salu-
tations "Dear Sir," "Gentlemen" or "Madam" are in the
same tray of addresses, as each letter is typewritten upon
the machine, the correct salutation will be automatically
changed to suit the requirements of each address. The
importance of this automatic change of salutation to the
user of the Rogers equipment lies in the fact that by means
of it he can have any desired alphabetical or geographical
arrangement of his list, irrespective of the question of salu-
tation.

The Rogers Combination machine has been well and
favorably known for some time past, as a practical ma-
chine for writing complete typewritten letters and ad-
dressing envelopes for same.

The duplicating feature of the Rogers machine consists
of a cylinder to which circular printing forms are attached.
This cylinder revolves in time with the address plates be-
neath a printing platen and prints through a regular type-
writer ribbon. The lines of type in the circular printing
form are set circumferentially around the drum instead of
lengthwise. The type therefore does not run parallel to
the platen, which insures an always-even distribution of
the pressure, thus avoiding heavy, short lines and making
a blurred or uneven impression impossible.

Another principle which distinguishes the Rogers dup-
licating work is that the printing platen is above instead
of beneath the duplicating form. This principle insures
speed and simplicity in operation, and affords a practical
means for utilizing the address plates for the superscrip-
tion of a letter or for any other purpose. It also provides
an automatic paper feed with a very wide range of work,
which is always visible and gives the operator of the ma-
chine a more complete control of the impression.

Rogers Addressing Machine.

As to the range of work of the machines now being de-
livered by the Rogers Company, they will permit the print-
ing of anything from a small two or three line postal card
up to a full sized second sheet or legal size paper.

The same type is used in the duplicating forms and in
the address plates. It is very economical, and comes al-
ready distributed in metal tubes. When desired electro-
types can be used instead of set up forms with the Rogers
machine.

A great convenience to users of this equipment lies in
the fact that with the latest model the proofing can be
done direct on the transfer form, prior to the transference
of type to the duplicating form.

The addressing feature is especially desirable because
actual typewriter work is done from typewriter type,
through a typewriter ribbon. The address plates used
with the equipment afford a very economical and practical

l&mn 5 -f~

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®ljp Suainraa Journal

III

card index system. Changes, additions and corrections to
the user's mailing list are controlled and made in his own
office at the least possible cost.

The machine has become very well and favorably known
since its introduction, and by reason of the very wide
range of work it controls, has aroused much interest and
discussion.

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

C. P. Moore, Cairo, 111., is now engaged as commercial
teacher by the Preparatory Branch of West Virginia Univer-
sity, Kayser, W. Va.

C. L Padgitt, of the Southern Commercial School, Rome,
Ga., has engaged J. W. Macon.

Miss Inez Jones, Seymour, Ind., is now with A. G. Sine,
of the Mt. State Business College, Parkersburg, W. Va.

Miss Nettie London, of the Bowling Green, Ky., Business
University, is now with th° new South Business College, Beau-
mont, Texas.

G. U. Eastman, of Philadelphia, has accepted a position with
the Douglas Business College, Uniontown, Pa.

E. A Guise, a graduate of the Logansport, Ind., Business
College, is now the new principal of the Kokomo, Ind., Bus-
iness College.

C. J. Styer, recently of the Central Business College,
Roanoke, Va., is now with the Southern Commercial Schools,
Winston — Salem, N C.

Beverly Deuel, formerly in charge of the commercial work
in the LaPorte, Ind., High School, is now commercial in-
structor in the West High School, Des Moines, la.

Miss Fern Fearey, recently of the Crawfordsville, Ind., Busi-
ness College, has been engaged to take charge of the short-
hand department of the Central Business College, Indianapo-
lis, Ind.

Banks Business College, Philadelphia, Pa., has added E. J.
Goddard, of Spencer, Mass., to its teaching force.

Chas. M. Thomas, Paducah, Ky., is now with the Meilly
Business College, Opelousas, La.

J. J. Frailing, a graduate of the Marion, Ind., Business Col-
lege, is now assistant manager of the Kokomo, Ind., Business
College.

E. C. Stotts, Quaker City, Ohio, has been employed by the
Virginia Commercial & Shorthand College, Lynchburg, Va.

L E. C. Admidoh has charge of the commercial work in
St. John's Military Academy, Delafield, Wis.

Miss Ada Brouhard, instructor in shorthand and typewrit-
ing in the Creston, la., High School, now has charge of the
commercial work in the Powell County High School, Deer
Lodge, Mont., following Miss Frances E. Hamilton, whose
resignation takes effect Christmas holidays.

Miss Josephine Weingart, a graduate of the Richmond, Ind.,
Business College, has accepted a position as principal of the
shorthand department of the Muncie, Ind., Business College.
Ernest Borton, a graduate of the same school, is now prin-
cipal of the Anderson, Ind., Business College.

REFORMS AT THE NEW YORK APPRAISERS'
STORES.

Much comment and criticism have been aroused at the
reforms instituted at the New York Public Stores by
Francis W. Bird, the new appraiser. He has introduced
time saving machines and up-to-date methods, which are
destined, as soon as things get to working a little smoothly,
to raise the standard of efficiency in the service to Custom
House brokers. Naturally to begin with there was a little
delay. Reforms of this character can never be installed
without some grumbling and complaints, but from all ac-
counts there was need of reform, and the new appraiser,

assisted by able coadjutors, among whom may be numbered
our old friend Edgar M. Barber are getting things on a
businesslike basis, which will ere long effect a complete
revolution in the methods of conducting the affairs of these
Public Stores. Nine Elliott Fisher billing machines have
been installed and on these eight copies of the records on
different colored papers are made at one time in advance of
appraisement. This cuts the time in half and brings every-
thing right up to the minute. The system is shaping up
well, and there is every reason to believe after a few more
weeks working, still greater efficiency will be obtained. We
trust at an early date to pay a visit to the Stores, when we
will furnish our readers with a more detailed description
of the economies which have been installed.

THE LINEOGRAPH DUPLICATORS.

One of the oldest manufacturers of stencil duplicating
materials and inks in the United States was the late Mr.
Henry, who to our sincere regret died a few months ago.
He founded and was the head of the Lineograph Co. of 112
Fulton Street, New York and since his decease the business
has been carried on, as usual, by his widow, Mrs. Henry.
The firm are manufacturers of the Lineograph, a stencil
duplicating machine, which is made in two forms. One,
the Rotary Lineograph is a small, compact handy device on
which the usual waxed sheet, after being written on by
a typewriter is fixed. The sheet is inked from within the
cylinder and the revolution of a handle prints the letters in

Lineograph Duplicator.

a rapid and efficient manner. The regular Lineograph is a
flat bed machine in the frame of which a specially prepared
sheet is clamped and written upon with a revolving stylus,
which perforates the paper. An inked roller forces the ink
through the perforations and in this way exact copies of the
writing are produced at a rapid rate. The flat machine may
be also used for reproducing typewriting in the ordinary
way. The machines are low in price and most effective in
operation.

The Lineograph Co. manufactures its own stencil papers
and inks for both machines and its long experience enables
it to produce a quality of paper, which it is difficult to excel.
The utility of duplicating machines in these days of multi-
tudinous correspondence is so great that they have become
an essential part of the equipment of every office and school.
Those' in want of a first class duplicator will do well to get
into communication with the Lineograph Co.

The first step in the conduct of a sales department with
scientific management is to countermand the usual request
to salesmen of "Get orders" to "Get profitable orders." There
is a great difference.

tTljp HitBtttcs3 Journal

YOUR SIGNATURE AND HOW TO WRITE IT.
By William J. Kinsley.

ILLIONS of dollars frequently, and human lives
occasionally, are balanced on a pen point.

No other record left by man is so peculiarly
personal, characteristic, and identifying as his
handwriting. It is better than photographs or
body 'measurements for establishing identity, because it bears
the stamp of the writer's individuality, his own personal touch.
It can be recorded in compact form and can be easily filed
and kept for reference.

No other nation produces so many good or fast writers
as the United States, yet judging by the illegible writing,
especially of signatures, we find many business and profes-
sional men who, with Hamlet. "Hold it a baseness to write
fair, and labor much how to forget that learning."

A little more care and thought, especially in writing im-
portant papers, would save a vast amount of annoyance and
even loss.

The three essentials of a good handwriting are legibility,
ease of execution and speed. The greater part of the
handwriting of this country is produced by the free .forearm
movement. This is conducive to grace, speed, freedom and
ease of execution, but not necessarily to accuracy of form.
Variations of Handwriting.

School children, following the same stereotyped models
and practicing and using them under the same conditions,
write very much alike, and this writing is crude, conventional,
characterless. A few years out in the world works a won-
drous change. Conditions and individual temperaments
assert themselves, making alterations in the handwritings
that leave them scarcely recognizable. A change of slant or
size, a lopping off here, an addition there, an emphasis on a
certain part of a stroke, the adoption of a new style of
capitals, or small letters — these are some of the things that
produce the variations found in handwritings that were
originally almost identical.

"There is certainly a peculiar handwriting, a peculiar count-
enance, not widely different in many, yet always enough to
be distinctive." — Boswdl's Life of Dr. Johnson.

These variations admit of almost an infinite number of
combinations, and when these peculiarly personal variations
from the normal or conventional styles become a fixed part
of the handwriting of the individual, they are known as
"characteristics." and serve as identifying "hall marks," of
trade marks, as it were.

It is by these characteristics or hall marks peculiar to each
handwriting that the particular handwriting is separated
from all others and unmistakably recognized and identified.

These identifying characteristics are a combination of many
conscious and more unconscious repetitions. Habits in hand-
writing may be formed as in other things, and by giving
thought to it during the formative period we can control
our writing and make it good or bad, characteristic or
characterless.

A little study of our handwriting is not only interesting
but profitable as well.
"Although to write be lesser than to do
It is the next deed and a great one too."
— Ben Johnson.

To-day a thing is hardly considered on the road to doing
until it has been put into writing, and it behooves us to
select what is for us the best style of handwriting, and a type
of signature that will best protect the bank account and the
other valuables safeguarded by signature.
The Signature.
A legal "signature" or sign manual may be an assumed
name, a title, a mark, a sign or a pen flourish, anything that

may stand for, or represent the name of the signer. Ordin-
ary modern interpretation and use have construed the word
"signature" to mean the writer's name written by himself.
Hence the modern signature at a glance discloses: (1) the
name of the writer; (2) his peculiar spelling of the name;
(3) the various lines forming a pen picture of the same; (4)
the writer's own personal technique or touch. This in its en-
tirety gives an identifying mark that reveals at a glance suf-
ficient of the writer's character to satisfy a hurried demand,
and yields much more on longer and closer inspection. Then,
too, "Age cannot wither, nor custom stale" its mark of iden-
tity. It will be the same to-day, to-morrow, next year, and
until time affects the materials with which and on which it
was writen.

Style of Signature.

The object of every penman should be to select a style of
signature, which while embodying his identifying characteris-
tics, is also legible and easily and rapidly written. Such a
signature is one which cannot, as a rule, be successfully imi-
tated.

Details of Signature.

The first thing to consider is the spelling and any abbre-
viations of the name. If the name be John Henry Jones, it
may be written J. Henry Jones, Jno. Hy. Jones, J. H. Jones,
John H. Jones, etc., etc. Select some one of these and having
once selected it do not change. It may be noted in passing
that distinguished men rarely use abbreviations.

A married woman should sign her own name : "Susan R.
Brown," not Mrs. Henry G. Brown."

Next select the style of capitals and small letters you ex-
pect to use, and do not change because of desire for variety,
or because of mere whim or caprice. The constant repeti-
tion of the same signature will give you skill, and a peculiar
touch and technique that will be most difficult for a forger to
imitate.

Select the kind of pen suited for your hand and for your
writing. There is a wide latitude here ; pens are made fine,
coarse, stub, stiff or elastic. About the only caution neces-
sary is to select a pen that will not blur on the angles and
short turns and thus hide some points of identity. Very broad
stub pens are not good, and stylographic ("one-nib") pens
should be let severely alone. Never write with a lead pencil
when any values are involved.

Writing the Stgnature.

While banks, as a rule, do not pay paper on the signature
alone, still it is of prime importance to aid them all you can
by giving them a signature that protects them and you at the
same time.

A legible, rapidly-written, free, off-hand signature is much
harder to simulate than an illegible, slowly written, or shaky
signature. To succesfully imitate any signature, the imita-
tion must not only possess the correct form, but be written at
the same speed as the original, otherwise the quality of line
will betray the forgery. A poor penman cannot forg< the
name of a more skilful writer because the copy is beyond his
skill. Formers usually copy the signature of a poor or slow
writer, as this requires less skill and gives more time while
the pen is moving over the paper.

This has been found to be true in the majority of cases
of forged signatures submitted by banks and attorneys to the
writer for professional investigation.

So far as you can (and you can at your office^ write with
but one kind of ink.

Do not patch, mend or over-write a signature. This habit
may deceive the paying tiller when a forged check is pre-
sented for payment, bearing similar alterations. Do not de-
pend alone on some little oddity, dot, dash or flourish, to
redeem an otherwise bad signature and make it a safe one.
A forger will readily see and imitate such things.

-UyrY) 5 -f~

» » % * % •_• % % .%

©Ijp UuautP3a 3aurttal

Even when the handwriting as a whole is neglected, the
signature and figures should always be legible, since nothing
can be judged by context to aid the reader. Each figure, and
each letter in a name should therefore stand out with perfect
legibility.

A rubric or flourish is a good tiling to add to a signature as
it is difficult to imitate. It should not, however, be allowed
to obscure a legible signature. Have a rubric that does not
extend too far below or beyond the letters, as space on checks
is limited. The flourishes used to connect the letters in the
name may be employed as a rubric.

If the initials of a name may be readily, gracefully and
legibly connected, it is a good plan to do so. Some initials
look better not so connected. Occasionally making the capi-
tal larger than another adds a distinctive touch to a signature.
Picket Fence Style.

Americans write illegibly not through ignorance or lack of
skill, but because of a mistaken idea that an odd or illeg-
ible handwriting is difficult to imitate, or because of lack of
time, or through carelessness. As an example, take the picket
fence style of signature, used by some bankers and business
men. It is by the general appearance of the picture as a
whole that this style of handwriting must be recognized, and
this fact makes it an easy style to imitate. One or two strokes
more or less, makes but little difference in the pictorial effect.

A story is told of the great lawyer, Ruftis Choate, who was
as famous for his bad handwriting as for his good law, that
at a town meeting he threatened to challenge a voter because
the man couldn't read but desisted on a bystander's threat to
challenge the jurist because he couldn't write.

And Horace Greeley's letter of discharge of a composing
room foreman for incompetence, which, because of its bad
handwriting, was used as a recommendation to secure another
job, is also famous.

Noted men may perhaps be allowed an illegible signature
as a characteristic of, and a tribute to their renown, but for
the ordinary man of business it is not a safe indulgence.

AN EXCEPTIONAL WEDDING PRESENT.

A wedding present, more ambitious than any ever presented
by a national sales force, was received in Xew York recently.
Its donors represented every state in the Union. Its recipients
were J. E. Neahr, General Sales Manager of the Underwood
Typewriter Company, and Mrs. Neahr, of West 122nd Street.
The present, a beautiful and fully equipped touring car, now
occupies a place in an uptown garage.

Some weeks ago Mr. Neahr, on a Western trip, made a
matrimonial stop at Denver, but the marriage of Miss Marie
Thede to him was not formally announced. As soon as the
fact became known to the members of the Underwood Sales
force, they decided to make the newly married couple aware
that the news was to them to longer a secret. The gift of
the car resulted. Notice of it came from St. Louis to Mr.

Neahr in the form of the following telegram from a com-
mittee of managers appointed to eselect a proper present :
"J. E. Neahr,

New York City.

The undersigned, on behalf of the United States managers
and salesmen of the Underwood Typewriter Company, offi-
cially present you with a completely equipped automobile, re-
questing that you will accept same as a wedding gift to your-
self and Mrs. Neahr, with our hearty and affectionate con-
gratulations.

W. J. Rigg."

The car was found to be complete in every detail that could
be provided for the convenience of the owners, even to
robes, hampers, extra tires, and Thermos bottles. The New
York State license tags were attached, so that the car could
be put in commission immediately. Mr. Neahr is one of the
must widely and favorably known typewriter sales managers
in the world.

MINUTE WRITING.

Among many wonders which the Peace River country. Al-
berta, Canada, is destined to produce in the wheat line is a
challenger for the peculiar championship, claimed by Bauch
Mordecai, son of Zeebi Hirsch Scheinemann of Jerusalem,
who wrote 3S0 Hebrew letters upon a grain of wheat for Sir
Moses Montefiore. Sir Moses kept the prayer until his death
and it is now in the possession of one of his friends. The
wuiild-be champion is Aaron Kirschlieff of Edmonton, Canada,
who has selected a particularly large, oerfect grain of wheat
and is engaged during his spare winter evenings, in inscribing
upon it, in letters so small that only a powerful microscope
could make it readable, a prayer for the Duke of Connaught
Kirschlieff expects to complete his task this winter and will
then forward the little token of loyalty to the Governor-
General of Canada. Kirschlieff intends to inscribe 390 letters
on his sample of Peace River wheat.

From some examination papers in a Massachusetts — we
repeat, Massachusetts — town :

"Capillarity is when milk rises up around the edge of the
bottle and shows good measure."

"The settlers gave a Thanksgiving dinner to the Indians
for their kindness, and to the Lord for fair weather. They
kept up their festivities for three days, eating all the time.
A party of sixty Indian warriors came, rolling their war-
hoops down the hill."

"Henry VIII, by his own efforts, increased the population
of England 40,000."

"Esau wrote fables and sold them for potash."

"The Lupercal was the wolf who suckled Romeo and Juliet
at Rome."

"Lincoln has a high forehead which is a sign of many
brains." — Everybody's.

INVITATIONS RECEIVED.

The Faculty and Graduating Class of Rasmussen Practical
Business School, St. Paul, Minn., request your presence at
the Commencement Exercises, Thursday evening, November
23, 1911, People's Church.

Automobile Presented to J. E. Neahr.

Gtye IBuamrsa 3aurnal

LOYALTY.
By W. N. Ferris.
VERY business school toils earlv and late to train
its students in loyalty. Whether the school is
worthy or unworthy, it asks students to be loyal, —
to speak well of its teachers, to jroak well of its
product, to speak well of its methods. To its
graduates it says, "Be loyal to your employer, be loyal to your
associates, be loyal to home, be loyal to your country." The
superb value of loyalty is universally conceded.

A few years ago the writer of this article had occasion to
employ a specialist. He communicated with an educational
bureau of national reputation. Numerous applications poured
into his office. The majority of the applicants held important
positions under contract, yet they were in most instances very
willing to resign, provided they could command a larger sal-
ary. Their obligations to their employers were of secondary
importance. This year, the writer has been in touch with
several public school superintendents and public school teach-
ers who, though under contract for next year, resigned in
order to secure better paying positions.

W. N. Ferris.

Suppose the school officials who were parties to these con-
tracts had pursued a similar course and said "We have found
a superintendent or grade teacher who will work for less
salary than we have promised you, therefore, your services
are not wanted. We must economize." The cry of injustice
and disloyalty would be heard far and wide. These "dollar
chasers," in their new positions will continue to preach loyalty.
This form of hypocrisy deserves the severest condemnation,
not solely because of injustice to the employer but because of
the ethical injustice to the great army of youth. How can the
young people rise above the source of their instruction and
training.

Another form of disloyalty arises in a corps of teachers who
indulge in petty jealousies, who coddle their own feeling of
superiority, who constantly find fault with the methods and
management of their employers. The moment that a teacher
can not remain loyal to his employer that moment he should
resign, the moment he can not speak kindly of his co-workers
or "keep silent" that moment he should resign. These sug-
gestions are so simple that "he who runs may read."

There is a larger loyalty than we have thus far discussed,
the loyalty that one educator should maintain toward another
euueator however different their positions and aims. This is
a big worid. Why should the business educator point to the
college or university professor the finger of scorn? Why
should the college or university professor point to the busi-
ness educator the finger of scorn? Why should the one be-
little the calling of the other? Why shouid either educator
appeal to the ignorance and prejudices of the masses in order
to further such selfish ends? The truth of the whole matter is
simple. "No man liveth to himself aloi.e," no educator liveth
to himself alone. All are brothers in the educational field.

Just so far as men and women have learned loyalty they
have learned one of life's greatest lessons. Men and women
who have left the old homestead and through the business
school or college gained position, power and wealth cannot
afford to look back with disdain upon father, mother and for-
mer associates. In all the relations of life, loyalty is a divine
virtue, it is the spirit of brotherhood, it is the very atmos-
phere of Heaven.

THE DESK WITH BRAINS.
"The Desk with Brains" is the attractive name given to
a unique desk, built up in sections and now being put on
the market by the Browne-Morse Company of Muskegon,
Mich. Instead of the usual drawer arrangement, each desk
is composed of their Cabinette sections which are 27 inches
deep from front to back, and are made in two heights. By
the use of two styles of bases, one a sanitary base nine inches
high and the other a floor base, three inches high the
sections are stacked together to form the pedestals of a
desk and can be built up in fifteen different sizes or styles.
By this plan every known kind of a drawer used in standard
filing cabinets such as vertical files in letter and cap size,
two drawer and four drawer sections, two drawer card
sections, storage sections or cupboard sections can be utilized
or changed at will. The tops are the finest stock, V/s, inches
thick and are provided with slats which intermember with
the slats of the sections, so that when placed in position,
the desk is as firm and solid as an ordinary desk. Attached
to the top is a wide center drawer and two reversible arm
rests. The tops are thirty inches wide and are made iii
fifty-five, sixty, and sixty-six inch lengths. This desk will
often avoid the necessity of buying both a desk and a filing
equipment as they can readily by this arrangement be com-
bined in one. The desks are meeting with large sales and
should prove a valuable acquisition to any business man.

REMINGTON WINS GRAND PRIX AT TURIN.

The Remington Typewriter Company has received the
honor of a Grand Prix at the Turin Exposition.

The Remington exhibit at Turin was an exceptionally
successful one in every way. One of the interesting incidents
which happened during the close of the exposition was the
visit to the Remington booth of the Dowager Queen Mar-
glierita, the widow of the late King Humbert, and the mother
of the present King Victor Emmanuel. The Queen was
especially interested in the work of the young Remington
operator, Miss Antonietta Schieda, whose simultaneous per-
formances of writing by touch from copy while at the same
time carrying on a conversation in an entirely different
language have attracted wide attention.

It will he recalled that Miss Schieda is the champion who
won last year the great gold medal offered by Queen Mar-
gherita for the typewriter contest at Rome. Her Majesty
expressed her deep satisfaction to Miss Schieda when in-
formed that the latter had been the winner of this signal
honor.

'Itrrf) S-Z-

*>'♦•♦% r "J

SI]? ftaainrsa Sountal

VII

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER ACCOUNTING.

By S. B. Koopman.

Instructor in Accounting in Columbia University, New York.

Problem. Solution will appear in the next number.

The firm of Willis & Hart became involved financially, and

March 4, 1911, they were unable to meet their obligations.

You were asked to prepare a Statement of Affairs and a

Deficiency Account. From the books of the company and

other sources you obtained the following information :

vable

204.50
3,040.

37,350.
14,700.
10,000.
19,000.

4,240.

2,100.

3,500.
800.
200.

12,421.50
24,500.
48,900.

8,000.

1,500.
210.

1,300.
20,000.
10,000.

7.S54.

Cash,

Notes Recei

Debtors,

Stock and Material.

Machinery (mortgaged),

Securities,

Horses & Wagons (mortgaged),

Fixtures,

House & Lot,

Willis, Drawings,
Hart, Drawings,

Sundry Losses,

Notes Payable,

Creditors,

Mortgages Payable,

Overdraft, First National Bank,

Taxes,

Wages,

Willis, Capital,

Hart, Capital,

Trade Expenses,
Notes Receivable are estimated to produce $],290, as notes
to the amount of $750 proved to be worthless. Debtors' ac-
counts are classified as good, $16,(350 ; doubtful, $5,000 ; but
estimated to produce 40% ; bad, $15,700.
Depreciations as follows :

Stock and material, 30%.

Machinery, 20%.

Fixtures, 50%.

There is a mortgage of $5,000 on the machinery and a mort-
gage of $3,000 on the Horses and Wagons. The parties hold-
ing the mortgage against the Horses and Wagons have agreed
to buy the chattels at $3,000 in full settlement for said mort-
gage. It is estimated that this is a fair settlement. Securities
have been pledged as follows : Fully secured creditors, $12,000 ;
partially secured creditors, $5,1)00 ; with First National Bank,
to secure overdraft, $2,000. The House and Lot is estimated
to produce $5,000. Notes Receivable to the amount of $4,200
have been discounted and one of these notes for $420 proved
uncollectable. Creditors, fully secured, $10,000; partially se-
cured, $8,000 ; unsecured, $30,900. Taxes and Wages are pre-
ferred claims.

NEW BOOKS.

Reclaiming a Commonwealth and other essays by Chees-
man A. Herrick, published by John Joseph McVey of Phil-
adelphia, Pa. $1.00.

This is a collection of eleven essays by President Herrick
which treats of various phases of contemporary education
The first essay, which gives the title to the series, contains a
brief but interesting account of the recent educational prog-
ress which has taken place in North Carolina. Through educa-
tion the South is entering into a more highly efficient economic
existence. This essay first appeared in The Outlook. "Educa-
tion, the keystone of power, treats of education in America,
England, Germany and France, and the educational aims of
American schools. "Old and New Education," "Unconscious
Education," "Professional Ethics," "Teachers Retirement
Funds," and the other essays form a collection, the perusal of
which cannot fail to be of service to the professional educa-
tor. They are timely and very interesting.

Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand, by Isaac Pitman &
Sons, New York. New edition for 1912. Cloth, embossed in
gold, 240 pp., $1.50.

This is a new edition of the well-known and popular course
of forty lessons in the Isaac Pitman system of shorthand.
Words and sentences are introduced in the first lesson and

The book contains 1S4 pages, size lli by lOfi inches, is
phrasing is taught from the fifth. Some good dictation mat-

ter is added after the lessons and an appendix gives hints as to
advanced speed practice, law phrases, with legal correspond-
ence. There L a voluminous index.

How to Do Business by Letter, by Sherwin Cody, of the
School of English, Chicago; Sixteenth edition; bound in cloth,
$1.00.

This book is intended for teachers and students who
desire to be able to write creditable, up-to-date business letters
in good English. The form, style and arrangement of letters
are presented in correct form and the student is afforded a good
training in Business English Composition from a business point
of view, He is taught how to indite lette s that will bring re-
sults— in other words, the effort is made to teach salesman-
ship by mail. Business through the mail has become so
enormous and is of such vital importance to every business
man, that this book should prove of great value, as it is
based upon the experience of one who has achieved a great
success in this especial line of endeavor.

Dougherty's- Touch Typewriting by Geo. E. Dougherty of
Chicago. 47pp. Paper, $1.00.

The necessity of learning typewriting by the Touch method
is imperative if the operator desires to become at all pro-
ficient in the art. By this method the pupil is first taught the
keyboard, is then instructed as to the working of the ma-
chine and is thus led to finding the position of the various
characters on the keyboard without looking at it. The drills
provided seem ample for the purpose and, if the pupils work
conscientiously, there seems to be no reason why the best re-
sults in touch typewriting should not be attained by this
method.

Office Training for Stenographers.

One of the difficult problems the commercial teacher is
now called upon to solve is to give the beginning stenographer
a "polish" in some of the things outside the technical
subjects usually included in his course. This training is
commonly termed "experience" by the employer, and the
present-day employer is more exacting than ever before.
A mere knowledge of shorthand and typewriting will not
suffice — the stenographer must know something of business
methods, forms and practices. But few schools have thus
far been able to give this kind of training simply because
there has not been a textbook on the subject which laid
out a workable, practical course.

We have just read a textbook that comes from the press
of the Gregg Publishing Company, New York and Chicago,
that seems to us to mark a distinct forward step in the ef-
ficient training of stenographers.

The title of the book is "Office Training for Stenogra-
phers" by Rupert P. SoRelle, and it is all that its title
indicates. Besides giving a thorough drill in such things as
"Attractively Arranging Letters," "Applying for a Position,"
"Transcribing," "Meeting Callers," "Or.tgoing and Incoming
Mail." "Postal Information," "About Enclosures," "Remit-
tances," "Common Business Papers — such as drafts, checks,
notes, etc.," "Filing and Filing Systems," "Form Letters,"
"Office Appliances," "Shipping," "Billing," "Telephoning and
Telegraphing," etc., it contains lessons in business ethics and
deportment. Business ethics is something new in a com-
mercial course, but a reading of the book shows that the
author has touched upon, and handled admirably, a vital
point in the training of young men and women for business
careers. All of the subjects in the text are treated in an
entirely new and interesting way.

The leading features of the book — and one that is sure
to meet with the approval of schoolmen — is that the work
can be begun at the time the advanced work in shorthand
and typewriting is undertaken. It thus becomes an integral
part of the stenographic course, and not an appendix.
Another appealing feature is its flexibility. The work is
divided into twelve "sections" or lessons. Each of these
sections contains logical divisions of the material, so that the
bonk can readily be adapted to any school need.

The book contains 184 pages, size "iVi by 10J4 inches, is
beautifully printed on fine paper in two colors and is pro-
fusely illustrated. The price of "Office Training for
Stenographers," including Exercise Book, is $2. The pub-
lishers announce that -sample copies will be sent to teachers
of commercial subjects for 75c.

VIII

elie iBuainrsa Sournal

OBITUARY.
William F. Jewell.

William F. Jewell, president of the Detroit (..Michigan)
Business University, died in that city October 15th. While
waiting for a car to go to his office the morning of the
12th he was hit by a motor truck, and did not regain con-
sciousness.

Mr. Jewell was one of the pioneers in the field of com-
mercial education. He took the course in the Bryant and
Stratton Business College of Chicago in 1864, having for the
seven years been a student in Wheaton College and engaged
in teaching. After pursuing the commercial course he was
employed in business for a short time, then went to Detroit,
in 1865, to become connected with the Goldsmith Bryant and
Stratton College. In 18S2 Mr. Jewell bought the school from
Mr. Goldsmith, and later it was merged with the Spencerian
College (successor to Mayhew College) under the name of
the Detroit Business University. For more than twenty years
thereafter Messrs. Spencer, Felton, and Loomis were con-
nected with Mr. Jewell in the management of the school,
H. T. Loomis being associate principal with him from 1883
to 1887, and P. R. Spencer for many years thereafter.
Since Mr. Spencer severed his connection with the school,
W. H. Shaw, of Toronto, and his son, E. R. Shaw, have been
joint principals with Mr. Jewell.

William F. Jewell.

Mr. Jewell was one of Detroit's substantial business men.
He was director in several banks and, at the time of his
death, chairman of the Board of the Church of our Father,
of which he was a member. He was careful and conser-
vative in all business matters, strictly honest, thoroughly
reliable, and had high ideals. Labor to him was life. En-
joying work, he did not seem to need vacations, and so
labored almost continuously as the head of this large school
for nearly half a century.

By precept and example, he iniluenced the lives of perhaps
nearly 50,000 young men and young women during that long
period, and life reflected in the lives of such a large number
of successful men and women is the finest monument that
could be erected to his memory. Surely the good that he
did will live after him.

Although nearly seventy-live years of age, he was in per-

fect health to the last, and one of his wishes was gratified —
that he might work until the end. Very few men living have
devoted as many years to commercial school work, and the
life of Air. Jewell should certainly be an inspiration to the
younger generation of teachers and principals of business
schools. His was a life of equanimity. His poise was per-
fect. His sincerity, self control, even temper, and noble
character were the admiration of all who knew him.

.Martin E. Bogarte.

It is with sincere regret that we have to record the death of
our esteemed friend and former teacher, Martin E. Bogarte
of Valparaiso (Ind,) University. His passing away was very
unexpected and was due to heart failure. He taught his
classes and attended to his other business duties as usual dur-
ing the day of November 18, and in the evening was present
at a social of his Sunday school class. Almost immediately
after reaching home, he passed painlessly away. For years
he had been afflicted with heart trouble and other ailments,
but continued his work and faithfully performed his duties
at the University.

Martin Eugene Bogarte was born fifty-seven years ago on
a farm near the town of Republic, Ohio. As his father died
when he was young, he helped his mother and brothers upon
the farm and attended the public schools and a normal school
in Republic. When nineteen he came to Valparaiso and as-
sisted in the organization and management of what is now
Valparaiso University. Young as he was, he was well quali-
fied to teach penmanship, elocution and mathematics. After
some years, he obtained leave of absence for a year and
studied mathematics in the Boston School of Tei
and oratory in the Boston School of Elocution and Oratory.
He then returned to the Valparaiso University and has since
been one of its most eminent professors. A number of years
ago he purchased the College Bookstore and conducted that
great business in addition to his regular work. Mr. Bogarte
was a member of the Masonic Fraternity and a Knight
Templar in high standing. He was also a great worker in
the Christian church and for years conducted a class for
young men, which was always largely attended.

When a student in Boston Mr. Bogarte married Miss
Lillian A. Chamberlain from his name town of Republic
and their three children are now grown to manhood and
womanhood. The mother passed away seven years ago, and
four years later Mr. Bogarte married Mrs. l.ida Homfelt,
a resident of Valparaiso, who survives him.

Mr. Bogarte was a man who will be sadly missed. For
thirty-eight years he devoted all his energies to the uplift
and bettering of humanity and while his charities and kind-
nesses were many, they were unobtrusive. lie lived a quiet,
unostentatious life in his comfortable home and was an in-
dulgent father and a devoted husband. He served as council-
man for several years and helped in many ways for the best
interests of the city which he loved The University will
miss both an instructor, whose place will be difficult to fill,
and an influence for good. Mr. Bogarte was president of
the Security State Bank of Gary and a stockholder in the
Valparaiso National Bank.

The editor of the Business Journal has the most friendly
recollections of Mr, Bogarte and it is with the sincercst
regrel that we learn he has passed over to the great majority,
\ i higl is estimable labor in the cause of

education Ii Borgarte than that "He

did lii- work well."

H D. B
After being in ill health for a ! bert Dell Buck,

founder and owner of the Scranton (Pa i Business School

57 -p_/rn 5 -^

Slie muatttras JUwraal

and one of the leading educators of Northeastern Penn-
sylvania, died at his residence in Scranton on November
25th. Mr. Buck was born in Hughestown, Lycoming county
in 1862. His educational advantages were good and were
obtained principally through his own efforts. He attended
the County Normal School at Muncy and then became a
student at the State Normal at Lock Haven, after which
he taught for five years in Lycoming County. Meanwhile,
having graduated from Wood's commercial school in Wil-
liamsport in August 1866, he went to Scranton to teach in
Wood's School. He soon became head of that school, hold-
ing the position for eight years. In 1894, with A. R. Whitmore
as partner, he opened the Scranton Business School, which
proved a success from the start. In 1904 Mr. Whitmore
retired from the partnership, his interest being taken over
by Mr. Buck, who has since been the sole owner. He mar-
ried in 1890 and had three children, two of whom survive
him. Mr. Buck was a man with a sunny disposition and
made many friends in all walks of life. In religious belief
he was identified with the Elm Park Methodist Church and
was especially active in Sunday school work. For twenty-
two years he was a teacher in a bible class for young
women. For five years he was a member of the Thirteenth
Regiment, rising from company clerk of Company D to the
rank of corporal.

Mr. Buck's school was a large one, and it will be con-
tinued under the direction of Mrs. Buck, who has been in
actual charge of the school since her husband's illness.

Amos W. Smith.
It is with sincere regret that we learn of the death of
Amos W. Smith, principal of Smith's School of 32 West
Chippewa Street, Buffalo, N. Y. He died on November 11
after an illness, which had its start about a year ago. Those
who knew Mr. Smith could but admire him and his decease
at such a comparatively early age as 40, is certainly much
to be regretted. Mr. Smith was a Texan by birth and was
educated in the West. He was a teacher in the schools
there but came east and located in Buffalo, where he de-
voted his energies to commercial subjects.

On his first coming to Buffalo Mr. Smith
;ed in teaching but relinquished it for a
while to become bookkeeper for S. H. Knox
& Co. About four years ago, lie founded the
business school which bears his name and of
which he has made a great success, quite an
army of young people having been trained by
him. Among his manifold duties, Mr. Smith
was engaged in L910 in the taking of the
census. Throughout his career and during the 18 years
he has lived in Buffalo, he had the confidence of all with
whom he came in contact. He was much admired and re-
spected by all for his straightforward dealings and fine
Christian character. Mr. Smith is survived by a widow and
three children. Mrs. Smith, who has always taken an active
part in the school, will continue it as heretofore.

Mr. Smith was always a great friend of the Business
Journal and for many years has been a subscriber and club
organizer. We sympathize with Mrs. Smith in her bereave-
ment, and are sure all who knew Mr. Smith will share in our
condolences.

gEGIN THE NEW YEAR RIGHT by subscribing

to the Business Journal, $1.00 a year, and

keep posted on all subjects pertaining to the office

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING CUMPANV, Tribune Building, New York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal,
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Dennett, R. J., 1431 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York..

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters' Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square, New York.

Bliss Publishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Goodyear-Mai shall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons, J. A., & Co., 023 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, HI.

Packard, S. S., 101 East 23rd St., New Yoik.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe, H. M., & Co., Baltimore, Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAri.iw & liPtWIUTER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., S: Co., 11 Barclay St., New 1'ork.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENOL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman, I., & Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New Y'ork.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A., 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, 111.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co., Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Graham, A. J., He Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons, J. A., & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S.», 110 E. 23rd St., New York.

Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pitman, Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 40th St., New Y'ork.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., ivew Orleans, La.

Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Aristos or Janes' Shadeless Shorthand.
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New Y'ork.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons, J. A., & Co., C23 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Pitman, Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 46th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Company, Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans, La.
TYPEWRITERS.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New Y'ork.

Remington typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New Y'ork.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New lork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.

TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co.,- 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGEABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Griton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Typewriter Co.. 300 Broadwav, New Y'ork.

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
WRITING DEVICE.

Writing Form Co., Silk City Bank BIdg., Paterson, N. J.

Sljp Huainrsa Journal

ADVERTISING.
By Frank Vaughan.
O start with, what have you to sell? Are there
good reasons why people should buy it? Are
there good reasons why they should buy it in
preference to something else that is being offered?
If the two questions last named cannot be an-
swered affirmatively beyond the shadow of a doubt, it would
save a good deal of worry and perhaps a good deal of money
to withhold the article. As Lincoln aptly phrased it, "You
may fool all the people some of the time ; you may fool some
of the people all the time; but you can't fool all the people
all the time."

The enthusiasm of inventors — and you may include dis-
coverers under this general term — is proverbial, and en-
thusiasm is a mighty desirable quality in any kind of busi-
ness, but it should not be allowed to run away with a man's
judgment. No man can expect to sell a thing with a profit
unless it can be bought with a profit ; that is to say, there
must be a bargain at both ends. There is no sentiment about
this at all, only business.

At the very root of success in advertising an article is the
genuineness of the article, and the very first point on which
the promoter should inform himself is, Why should people
buy it? X has invented a new piano. Now here is an article
that has been standard for a great many years, and the
names of the best known pianos to-day were just as well
known to our grandparents. Their makers have had all that
time to get a start; to get acquainted with their public and
make a reputation. Having made a reputation, together with
plenty of money, they have been very careful not to lose it
by producing anything that is inferior. They are thoroughly
known wherever pianos are used, and if a person has occasion
to buy an instrument these names suggest themselves au-
tomatically as it were.

Now X has got to do something to counterbalance this or
he will have no reasonable show of success. Possibly he has
invented a new sounding board that increases or modulates
the tone, or else has perfected other details of the apparatus
that tend to improve the instrument and make X's pianos so
far unique. There, then, is the proper place for the accent
in his advertising. No one would believe him if he should
claim merely in a general way to produce better instruments
than Steinway or Chickering, even though that might be the
fact. But it requires no undue amount of credulity to appre-
ciate the fact that in this day of progress in every department
of science a man might very probably bring one or another
detail of musical mechanism to a degree of perfection sur-
passing anything that had been known. Unless X can estab-
lish the fact that he has done this he certainly can have lit-
tle hope of meeting the competition of those who have had
the confidence of the public so long — at least on the ground
of comparative merit.

There is another point on which X may base a successful
appeal for patronage. lie may not claim to produce a better
instrument or even so good an instrument, but if he can sell
I something that to the average user will answer the
purpose of a $500 instrument, the difference of cost furnishes
a powerful argument why his goods should be bought.
(To be Continued, >

In the Penman's .lit Journal, for July, '78, there appears a
beautiful flourish with a bird in the center. The editor com-
ments on this llourish as follows: "We give a line specimen
of flourishing from the pen of \Y. E. Dennis. He is fast
advancing towards the front rank of his profession."

An editorial note on the same page says: "A. \\ Palmer,
a pupil .-it Gaskell's Business College, Manchester, N. H.
sends some very creditable specimens 'if writing, flourishing
and card marking. Master Palmer is evidently a promising
candidate for distinction amo.ig the Knights of the Quill."

THE CRYING NEED OF THE 3 R'S.

The correspondence in the public press on the errors of
stenographers, the speech by Mayor Gaynor and the report
of some of the leading educators of New Jersey, all point
to the same conclusion that there is something radically
wrong with the present mode of instruction in the public
schools of this country and of New York City in particular.
"Fads and fancies", foreign languages and a host of other
studies with which the pupils are crammed, only serve to
accentuate the fact that our boys and girls are over-educated,
or as Mayor Gaynor puts it "submerged with education."

Under our present system, he says "girls refuse to do
housework and the boys are disinclined to work with their
hands. Unless they can get a job, where they can sit on a
high stool at books or at a typewriter, they simply won't
work." "Now I think," he continues, "a system of education
that produces that result is a failure."

Admitting all this and there is scarcely an individual, who
can deny it, let us look at the other side of the picture.
Those boys and girls who seek the position of the "high
stool," or the typewriter, are they fit even to occupy those
positions? The answer is undoubtedly "No." The crying
complaint of the business man, as voiced in the letters to
the daily press, and which to our sorrow we know to be
only too true, is that the "so-called stenographers" and
typists can neither spell nor do satisfactory work. Hun-
dreds of those who try for the easy examinations at the
typewriter companies offices, miserably fail to pass, never-
theless they foist themselves upon a long suffering public.
The employment bureaus have a constant demand for good
stenographers and typewriter operators, who can spell well
and know their mother tongue, but it is only in rare cases,
comparatively speaking, that they can be found.

The fault lies with the curriculum of the public schools.
"Fads and fancies" should be eliminated and spelling,
English, arithmetic and such subjects, as will be absolutely
useful to them, only taught. Such stenographers as find em-
ployment today are the product of the business schools,
whose sole business should be the teaching of shorthand and
typewriting. Instead they are compelled by the lack of
elementary training, and the woeful ignorance, shown by
the majority of those who seek instruction at their hands
of ordinary English, to devote many hours per week of the
pupil's studies to an attempt to master spelling. They suc-
ceed only to a moderate extent, as their pupils are always
eager and anxious to "get through" and earn their living.
The teaching of spelling should not be a function of the
business schools, but that of the elementary schools. Until
it becomes so in actual word and deed no relief can possibly
be expected from this sad state of affairs. The evil is a
crying one, is exceedingly wide in its scope of danger and
trouble to the community and calls for immediate action and
relief on the part of those who have charge of the education
of the rising generation.

AND NOW THE TOOTHBRUSH.

After telling us that there are dangerous microbes and
germs in our milk and food and even in our lips and mus-
taches, so that we no longer dare to kiss or to he kissed, the
British Medical Association has been gravely discussing the
toothbrush, the members telling each other of the awful things
likely to happen to persons using toothbrushes.

The only avenue of escape apparently afforded us is to have
a new toothbrush each time we brush our teeth; that where a
toothbrush is \\-.vi\ for Several weeks we are in danger of such
grave consequences that even the names of what we may get
are unpronounceable and terrifying,

~U/nn S-t-

; ♦ % % % % •%

®tj? UuHtttras Journal

MISSOURI VALLEY COMMERCIAL TEACHERS'
ASSOCIATION.

Fifth Annual Assembly, at Huff's School of Expert Business
Training, Kansas City, Missouri, Dec. 1st and 2nd, 1911.

Xext Meeting at Omaha, C. T. Smith, President, M. B. Wal-
lace. Vice-President, Miss Eva J. Sullivan, Secretary-
Treasurer.

HE most auspicious circumstances attended the
Fifth Annual Assembly of the Missouri Valley
Commercial Teachers' Association which began
at Miss Huff's School of Expert Business Train-
ing at Kansas City, Thursday evening, Novem-
ber thirtieth About one hundred and fifty teach-
ers met at this time for an informal reception as the guests
of the commercial teachers of Greater Kansas City, and the
evening was delightfully spent. Miss Huff had thoughtfully
decorated her beautiful rooms with smilax and bitter-sweet,
and it is safe to say that her quarters surpass anything in
the West for refined elegance and convenience. Delightful
music, delicate refreshments and greeting of old friends, made
the evening too short.

At promptly nine o'clock on Friday morning, President
Francis J. Kirker called the regular session to order, ( after
whicli the Manual Training Glee Club rendered two catching
numbers). After the enrollment of the latest arrivals of about
250 members, Attorney Frank P. Walch of Kansas City de-
livered an eloquent Address of Welcome to the cit". extolling
its many virtues and points of interest, which was very fit-
tingly responded to by Raymond P. Kellev of New York City.
This Association has convened in Kansas City twice before
and every member concurred with the expressions of these
two men in regard to the city's greatness, hospitality and prac-
tical interest.

S. T. Smith, President for 1912.

President Kirker made some fitting remarks, a resume of
the accomplishments of the association and outlining its aims
for the future, after which he introduced Morton MacCor-
mac of Chicago, President of the National Federation, who
spoke in his very fluent manner of "The Future of Business
Education." He declared, among many other refreshing
thoughts that business education is now only at its beginning
and that present conditions will demand greater efficiency in
the future, an elimination of the spurious and superficial and
consequent elevation of the present high standard. He claimed
that business education is a greater necessity to-day than ever
before, and that all classes of schools are using every effort to
admirably meet this demand. Mr. MacCormac closed his
eloquent address by urging every teacher present to attend
the meeting of the Federation at Spokane next July.

"Efficiency. — The principles of the new doctrine of 'Scientific
Business Management' as applied to the teaching of Shorthand

and Typewriting" was handled in a masterful way by John R.
Gregg, of New York Cit>\ He plead for thorough qualifica-
tion on the part of the teacher, scholarship, enthusiasm and
love of the work, without either or all of these the teachet
must be a failure. The teacher must be a student of human
nature, must understand her pupils and hold their confidence,
she must create in them a desire for the work, if she expects
them to attain the highest efficiency. Mr. Gregg's talk was a
gem from the beginning to the end, and we regret that space
forbids its publication in its entirety.

After luncheon we were again delightfully entertained by
the Manual Training High School Quartet, after which C. C.
Carter of Joplin. Missouri, described how he teaches Book-
keeping for the first three months the student is in school. He
believes in much drill work, such as will enable the student to
think for himself. He is of the Qpinion that too much "actual
business" is a bad thing and that it would not be amiss for
many teachers to at least partially return to the methods used
in the days gone bv. until the class is taught the rudiments.

F. N. Weaver Public Accountant, who is no stranger to
most of the members, delighted all with his oratory and witty
sayings while he talked unon the subject: "Confidence." The
teacher must have confidence in the pupil, and vice versa, the
business man must have confidence in his employees and the
customers must have confidence in the merchant. Throughout
life we find confidence to be the most valuable asset in any
business. Without it the business world must come to a stand-
still.

Considerable excitement was created by the old-fashioned
spelling contest, in which all present "swelled down" for a
handsome copy of Webster's International, presented by Jim-
mie Baker of the South-Western Publishing Company. Prin-
cipal E. M. Bainter, of the Central High School, pronounced
the words from Peters' Business Speller but found them too
easv -md had to turn to the old green-backed book used by our
fathers, for youngsters like Smith, Boyd, Birch, Mrs. Lang,
Tamblyn and others are hard to down. C. T. Smith, who has
seldom known defeat, carried off the dictionary.

Thomas J. Caton. of Minneapolis, closed the session of the
dav with an address, "The Ideal Teacher." For command of
language, faultless rhetoric, easy and graceful gestures and
platform oresence, Mr. Caton is unsurpassed. His talk was
full of pert and pithy aphorisms, every one of which hit the
proper mark and he carried his audience with him up to the
crest and down into the valleys. He demands first, character,
then educational qualifications, referring very frequently to the
Great Teacher as the highest example and one that must be
imitated to insure the greatest success.

At 6:30 all the members assembled in the spacious dining
hall of the Grand Avenue Methodist Church, which is part of
their new sky-scraper right in the business district. President
Kirker had arranged with the ladies to serve this elegant
turkey-cranberry-pumpkin-pie-and-all-the-trimmings dinner as
a compliment from the association, and it was certainly a de-
lightful dinner delightfully served. The bookmen had their
inning with stories that had never been heard — some not late-
ly— and there were several songs that had not been sung, the
one by Mrs. Calhoun receiving encore after encore. Lo-
baugh, Gregg, Kellev. Miner. Mrs. Lang, White, Toastmaster
Smith and many others were certainly at their best, and it
was not until near midnight that the last guest had departed

This association has the reputation for conducting its de-
liberations upon business principles, therefore the second day's
session began at promptly nine o'clock, this time with music
by the Central High School Glee Club, which received a hearty
encore. Hubert A. Hager, of Chicago, spoke first, making
some practical suggestions on the teaching of Commercial
English and Correspondence. He argued for the elimination
of the superficial and emphatically demanded that the essen-
tials receive proper emphasis. Teaching along this line should
hit the mark, should be intensely practical, as the student's
time is short at best and should not be wasted with non-
essentials. Rupert Peters, of the Manual High School, deliv-
ered an interesting address upon Commercial Geography,
which was illustrated bv the stereopticon. He convinced all
present that this new subject is one of the most important in
the curriculum. It is a study of things about us, things seen
and used every day. and nothing can be more interesting or
important. Our students must be familiar with commercial
terms and able to spell and use them correctly, if thev would
be up-to-the-minute and render their employers the best
service.

Mi^s Jessie Davidson's subject, "How to Give the Tvpewrit-
ing Student the Most for His Money.' was very fitting, /or.
in her department at Miss Huff's School she has trained
J. L. Hoyt, last wear's International Amateur Champion, who

XII

Ullje Utasutrss Journal

now stands second to Blaisdell the Great. Another of her
students was present, Miss Bessie Linsitz, National Amateur
Champion, and another was Miss Vera Blake, Kansas City
Champion. Miss Davidson demands nerfect mastery of the
keyboard before anv work whatever is attempted. She must
from the beginning be taught to conserve her time so that no
motion is wasted, neither must there be mental waste. The
mechanical drill must be supplemented in all the work by a
most carefully directed mental development toward correct
poise of body and mind. Fear must never creep into the mind
or hand. Help her to grasp the highest ideals and feel that
each hour's work brings her nearer the goal. Students who
have already been "taurfit," require all the skill and patience
of the teacher-physician, but great is the joy of both when the
end is accomplished.

John Robert Gre'-r delighted his audience by carrying il
over the hard places met in teaching shorthand. lie demanded
perfect mastery of little details, constant drill and reviews and
noted that while phrasing is the writer's most valuable asset,
that unusually long phrases are a hindrance rather than a
help toward attaining speed. He illustrated his pointed re-
marks upon the blackboard and his talk was very helpful to
all teachers of all systems. For half an hour F. W. Tamblyn
carried all with him through the mystic beauties of his ex-
cellent penmanship. In many lines of the art, Tamblyn stands
in a class by himself, and his ideas were certainly of great
value and appreciated by all who heard him. He thinks that
a right beginning is the most essential point and should re-
ceive the undivided attention of all teachers. After a perfect
mastery of preliminary exercises and studv of correct form,
every student should succeed. Tamblyn will always be a de-
light before any audience.

G. W. Hootman, "The tall Sycamore from the Wabash,"is
the man who "discovered" Mr. Caton for the association, and
he deserves a vote of thanks. His closing address, "The Ideal
Student," was delivered before a full house, for no one could
afford to miss that number of all others. He eloquently out-
lined the qualifications of the ideal student, for he cannot re-
ceive the best the teacher has for him unless in a receptive
attitude. Everywhere there must be a hearty co-operation be-
tween the teacher and student. As much depends upon the
student as upon the teacher, they must work in perfect unison.

All members seemed to unite in their choice of C. T. Smith,
of the Kansas City Business College, fo-- President, and he
was elected by acclamation. M. B. Wallace, Central High
School, St. Joseoh, Mo., was ruickly slipped into the Vice-
President's chair and Miss Eva J. Sullivan was, for the third
time, unanimously elected Secretary-Treasurer. President
Kirker, who had presided with such dicnity and graciousness
throughout the session, now announced the final number, the
selection of the next place of meeting. Early Friday morn-
ing the Omaha delegation had pinned a unique oxidized key
bearing the legend "Omaha, the key to the situation," upon
each member. At the banquet each guest found under his
plate colored post cards of Omaha's million dollar high school
and park scenes, each bearing the statement, "Looks as if we
are going to Omaha in 1912." Joplin, as usual, extended an
invitation to meet there, and for a time had a lively following,
but Omaha won out, and there we will meet one year hence
President Smith immediately anDointed as Chairman of the
Executive Committee, L. C. Rusmisel of the Omaha High
School, and plans are already under way for the next meeting.

CONNECTICUT BUSINESS EDUCATORS'
ASSOCIATION.

A meeting of the Executive Committee of the Connecticut
Business Educators' Association was held in the Yale Busi-
ness College, Saturday, December 9th. Plans are being made
to hold the next annual convention Saturday, February 24th,
1912, in the Yale Business College or the Taft Hotel, New
Haven, Conn. A good program is In iwj pn pared, dealing with
shorthand, typewriting, penmanship and salesmanship, by able
teai hei -. The speakers have nol yet been decided upon. The
forenoon will be devoted to 1 1 1< irvuln i i ramme. In the

itp 1 1 n there will be shorthand and typewriting o m tests for

which medal havi been offered We hope to be able to pub-
lish a good part of the program in our February issui

A new desk in the office will sometimes increase the effi-
ciency of a twenty dollar a week clerk from 10% to 20%.

INFORMAL MEETING OF PENMANSHIP
TEACHERS.

On Friday, December 1st, the teachers of penmanship in the
neighborhood of Xew York met informally to discuss matters
of interest to them. The meeting was in every way similar
to the one held on Friday following Thanksgiving, 1910. The
committee consisting of J. A. Kirby, Harry Houston and Miss
Florence Smith had prepared a program comprising the fol-
lowing subjects:

"Teaching- Penmanship in the Upper Grades," D. H. Farley,
State Normal School, Trenton, N. J.

"Teaching Penmanship in the Lower Grades," Miss Marie
L. Bayer, Principal P. S. 147, Brooklyn, N. Y.

"Relation of the Principal to the Supervisors of Writing,"
Edw. H. Dutcher, Principal Eastern School, E. Orange,
N.J.

"Supervision and Correlation," Harry Houston, Supervisor
of Writing, New Haven, Conn.

"Penmanship as Seen by the Expert," W. E. Dennis, Exam-
iner of Documents and Engrosser, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Lack of space makes it impossible to publish the remarks in
full. An abstract of what Mr. Dutcher said is given herewith,
and a report of Mr. Farley's most excellent lecture will appear
in the February number.

Edward H. Dutcher, Principal of the Eastern School, E

Orange, N. J., delivered an address on the subject,

"Relation of the Principal to Supervisors of Writing"

Mr. Dutcher among other things said: "I expect first that
my supervisor shall be a teacher, that she will understand
the children from the lowest class to the highest. I feel that
the beginning of the work in writing in the lowest grades is
of vast importance, and unless the supervisor can get down
to the children, a great opportunity for a good beginning, an
inculcation of right forms and right concept has been lost.
I think that the supervisor should be able to get down to
the age and viewpoint of the little children in the first grade,
and by her adaptability, by her ability to tell stories that
teach the lesson, can get the children so enthusiastic and so
in love with the work, they are going to carry it on after
she is gone. She must be able to present the work in the
eighth grade as it appeals to them. You cannot appeal to
them in the same line and from the same standpoint as you
do in the third or fourth grades. As writing is largely a
condition of the mind, unless that mind is in the right con-
dition, no amount of supervision of work is going to be
truly effective.

"The supervisor should not only be able to write well,
but she has got to able to tell the child how to write welL
There is a vast difference between a good teacher and a
poor teacher, between an instructor and a real teacher.
Not only do we expect the supervisor to be able to show
the way, but to show the child the way to do it. She must
inspire the children with a desire and make them enthusi-
astic, give the instruction in such a way that they will begin
the right habits. I feel that the greatest part of the success
that we have made in our system has been due to the fact
that our supervisor of writing is first of all a teacher. She
was a fine teacher before she developed intb a supervisor.
It is the best kind of preparatory work, as I understand it.

"I expect second that our supervisor will be able to
handle teachers. It is especially necessary in a large system
where the time and the number of classes do not allow much
teaching on the part of the supervisor. She must be ex-
ceedingly tactful, be able to inspire the teacher and show
that there is nothing so important in the whole course as
the writing. She must do that because in public schools we
are limited in the time to devote to actual writing. If we
were so situated that all we had to do was to practice writ-
ing, we could do a great mam things, but when we are-
reduced to say an hour a week for writing, we must inspire
the teacher and the pupil to do a great deal of outside work,
and fust of all to live up to the belief that every time the
pupil takes his pencil or pen in hand, it is the writing
We do not find the word penmanship on the program, and
a great deal of poor writing has resulted from the i
during the writing lesson due attention is paid to the work,
but after that the pupils write any old way and produce
any old results. Make the children believe and practice that
every bit of pen work is the writing lesson.

"The supervisor must be tactful, must be an executive, and
must be able to direct the teachers and show them the reason
of the faith that is in her. Unless there is the spirit of

57 Ui/rr, 5 ■£

{Jiff Uuatttpaa Journal

XIII

mutual regard and co-operation, then a large part of the
supervisor's work is going to be brought to nothing J
expect the supervisor to be broad enough to believe and to
acknowledge that there are other things in the course be-
sides writing. Sometimes we feel that we want to have our
work pushed on, especially if we are exnerts. We cannot
do that in a well graded public school, so we want to have
the teacher make up for that by the idea of the importance
of writing and try to make up for the short time in the
time table bv additional energy and work outside, lnis is
not a one-sided proposition. We must have on the part ot
the teacher the heartiest co-operation. She has got to be
imbued with the same spirit as the supervisor . She mustbe
loyal to the supervisor, loyal to the children along writing
lines must be inspired and must inspire the same spirit ot
emulation This is particularly to be emphasized in the
higher trades in our grammar schools where we have depart-
mental work The writing teacher in our departmental rooms
is the sole judge of the writing of the language papers, spelling
papers, geography papers and history papers, andby frequent
conferences, she knows about what the supervisor expects
along the line of form, slant, etc. If the teacher of writing
O K's the papers, we accept them. If not, the students
must do the work over again. This plan illustrates the co-
operation we have. We feel that this is a very important item
"This matter is not a two-sided affair. The principal comes
in for a large share of responsibility, and my feeling is that
if he has the kind of supervisor he is willing to have in his
school he ought to be willing to back her up in all she
attempts to do. The work of the principal m the writing
work is a most important one. He need not be a good
writer, but should aid in the matter of inspiration, criticism
and inspection. The monthly examination papers that _ are
written by the children come into the office, and are examined
particularly for general appearance and for the writing.
The fact "that they are coming in is a sort of stimulus to
the pupil When he is invited to do his work over again,
he begins to get the habit and inspiration to do good work.
"I expect that the supervisor is going to get some results.
In the first and second grades I expect that the children are
going to get a prettv good idea of form. I am not entirely
convinced' that muscular movement is so important.^ Before
the end of the first vear I expect we should be getting writ-
ing that looks like writing, and as the child progresses that
writing will come down from a large hand in the first year
to a proper size hand in the eighth year. We expect it and
are going to get it with the kind of supervisor with the
hearty co-operation of the teachers, with the loval industry
of the children backed up by the hearty work of criticism,
inspiration and enthusiasm on the part of the principal.
Teachers Present at Meeting.

G W. Harman, Commercial High School, Brooklyn, N. Y

C G Price, Packard School. New York.

A. N. Palmer. A. N. Palmer Co., New York.

R D Thurston, Brown's Business College. Brooklyn, N. Y.

C. C. Lister, A. N. Palmer Co., New York.

C L. Newell, King's County Business School, Brooklyn.
N Y

I E Chase, Central Y. M. C. A., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Chas J. Hausman. P. S. 123. Brooklyn, N. Y.

C W. Clark, Walworth Institute, New \ork City.

J C Barber, Bryant & Stratton School, Providence. R. I.

Florence Smith. "Supervisor of Writing, E. Orange, N J

Mildred Miner, Miner's Business Academv. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Geo. K. Post. Supervisor of Writing, Bridgeport, Conn.

Mrs. Geo. K. Post, Bridgeport. Conn.

Edward Rvan. High School. Bavonne, N. J.

J A Kirbv. Supervisor of Writing, Brooklyn, N. Y.

W. K. Cook, Supervisor of Writing, Hartford, Conn., Dis.
Schools. _

F A Curtis, Supervisor of Writing, Hartford, Conn. _

W E Dennis, Examiner of Questioned Handwriting,
Brooklyn, N. Y. TT

E. M. Huntsinger. Huntsinger Business School, Harttord,

W. P. Steinhaeuser, Neptune High School, Asbury Park.
N J

Lee F. Correll. Banks Business College. Philadelphia. Pa

T T Klinglesmith, Sherman's Business School, Mt. Vernon,
N. Y.

Elizabeth K. Middleton, Supervisor of Writing. Camden,
N. J.

Alice E. Benhow. Supervisor of Writing. Schenectady. N. \

Alice E Curtin, Supervisor of Writing. Pittsfield. Mass.

Gertrude F Hanlev. Supervisor of Writing, Rutherford,
N. J.

C. A. Robertson, Long Island Business College, Brooklyn,

N Y
E L. Herrick, High School, Auburn, N. Y.
Chas Dell, Drake Business College, Bavonne, M. J.
Hastings Hawkes, High School, Brockton. Mass.
W \ Ross, Commercial High School, Brooklyn, NY.
Harry Houston, Supervisor of Writing, New Haven, Conn.
E W Schlee, Newark, N. J., Business College.
A L.'Straub, Newark, N. J„ Business College
W J Kinslev, Document Examiner. New \ ork.
A S Osborn, Document Examiner, New York.
N A Fulton, High School, Derby, Conn.
F E Barbour, Greenwich, Conn., High school.
Marie L. Bayer. Principal P. S. 147 Brooklyn, N. Y.
H B. Slater, Newton, L. I., High School.
F B. Hess, Hefflev Institute. Brooklyn, N. Y.
C G Prince, American Book Co., New York Uty.
D H Farlev, State Normal School, Trenton, N J.
A. C. Doering, Merchants & Bankers School, .New \ork

EL Moe, Franklin Academy. Malone.N. Y. _

Ida M. Stahl, Supervisor of Penmanship, Passaic, JN. J.

Program of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the New Eng-
land Association of Penmanship Supervisors.

Burdett College, Boston, Mass , January 13, 1912.

Morning Session.

in -in Address- of Welcome.. F. H. Burdett, Burdett College

S Response ..Pres. A. B. Wraught, Pittsfield, Mass.

10:45 R°«^ T£\b^Handed'Penmanship, Miss Margaret B.
Toole, E. Worcester, Mass.; E. H. Fisher,
Somerville, Mass.

Discussion.
(B) Large Writing in the Primary Grades, Miss
Eva J. Miller, Springfield, Mass.
Discussion.

T:45 kkc'kWd demonstration by L. Faretra, Burdett Col-

2 :00 Business Meeting ■ -.Election of officers

815 Address-"Some Problems of Correlation in Con-
nection with the Teaching of Penmanship
David Shedden. Ph D„ Mass. Board of Education
3-00 High School Penmanship,

R G Laird, High School of Commerce, Boston, Mass.
3-30 Question Box/. . .Harry Houston New Haven Conn.
Everv one is requested to prepare at least one question.
Badges will be worn bv the members during the meeting.
Luncheon will be served by the Messrs. Burdett to mem-
bers of the Association.

NEW ENGLAND BUSINESS COLLEGE ASSO-
CIATION.

There was a good attendance at the meeting of the New
England Business College Association held December 1 and
2 in the Fisher Business School in Roxbury, Mass. lne
following subjects were ably discussed:

"How to teach shorthand students to punctuate while

transcribing their notes" By Frank Park.
"Alumni Associations" By E. D. Mcintosh.
"How to divide the Advertising appropriation By

F. L. Shaw.
"Is it possible to do a profitable business without

advertising?" By C. B. Post.
"Student Getting" By E. H. Fisher.
"The Question Box" was handled by M. C. Fisher.
This proved to be a very important feature of the pro-
gram, as questions in which members were interested were
Taken up and discussed by the leader and the different
members. , „ .

"The Attitude of High Schools towards Business

Schools" By W. P. Mcintosh.
"Salesmanship" By D. C. Mcintosh.
"What should the combined course include and the
length of time for completing it?" By A. J. Park.

i .1

XIV

(Jljp Suflinrsa Journal

"A complete office system for the proprietor" By W.
H. Flynn.

"Better results in Penmanship" By A. H. Barbour.
"Business Habits" By S. McVeigh.

On the election of officers for the ensuing year C. W.
Jones was appointed president; C. B. Post, vice-president
and E. D. Mcintosh, secretary and treasurer. It was de-
cided to hold the next meeting in Maine at the camp of
F. L. Shaw. The date was not definitely decided upon, but
it will probably be the Fourth of July week.

This association has now been in existence about four
years, and interest in it is kept by the members to the very
top notch, as may be realized from the fact that many of
the members have not missed a single meeting. As two
sessions have been held each year, it goes without saying
that the Association is most successful.

Program Annual Meeting of the Commercial Teachers'

Association of Indiana, State House, Indianapolis,

Indiana, December 26, 27 and 28, 1911.

Announcement.

A cordial invitation is extended by the officers and mem-
bers of the Indiana Association to every commercial teacher,
every business college proprietor, author, publisher or office
appliance man, and all others interested in commercial edu-
cation in the State of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and
West Virginia, to meet with us on December 26th, 27th and
28th.

Arrange to come in time for the Luncheon and Address
of Welcome. Come prepared to take part in the discussions
of the program and to join in the organization of a larger
Association for the Ohio Valley.

Hotel headquarters will be at the Claypool Hotel, where
rooms may be obtained at $1.23 per day and up. For places
of meeting, see announcements for each session. For full
program of the Indiana State Teachers' Association write
Supt. L. X. Hines, Crawfordsville, Ind.

Yours for a successful meeting,

Commercial Teachers' Association

of Indiana,
commercial teachers' association of indiana.

Officers.— S. H. East, President, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Miss
Gertrude Hunnicutt, Vice-President, Owensboro, Kv. : Miss
Mae B. Helmer, Secretary-Treasurer, Terre Haute, Ind.

Executive Committee. — Thomas F. Campbell, Chairman. IS
East Vermont Street, Indianapolis, Ind.; Mrs. K. H. [shell,
Brown's Business College, Terre Haute. Ind. ; Enos Spencer,
Spencerian Commercial School, Louisville, Kv.

PROGRAM.

Tuesday Evening.
7:30 O'clock.
Luncheon.

Courtesy of the Bobbs-Merrill Company.

Address of Welcome Hon. Charles A. Greathouse

Superintendent of Public Instruction

Response Vice-President Gertrude Owen Hunnicutt

Owensboro, Ky.
Toasts

Social Evening

Wednesday Morning.

8:30 O'clock, Room 70, State House.

To What Extent is the Business College Responsible for the

Moral Welfare of its Students— W. J. Thisselle, Principal

Thisselle Business College, Indianapolis, Ind.

Discussion — Led by M. H. Lockyear, President Lockyear
I '.ii in s College, Evansville, Ind

Is a Grammar School Graduate Certified to H. S. Ready to
Enter Business College — The Business College View— M. M.
Lain, Principal Lain's Private Business College, Indianapolis,
Ind.

Should II. Be Expected to be Ready? Ought the Grades

Furnish Sufficient Education for the Average Business Man or

Woman i The Public School View— Alexander

High Sprpul. Shortridge High School, Indianapolis, ind.

Discussion — General.

Rapid Calculation and Other Features of Commercial Arith-

metic— H. O. Keesling, President Xew Albany Business Col-
lege, Xew Albany, Ind.

Discussion.

What a Business Man Expects in a Stenographer — Hon.
Chas. A. Bookualter, Indianapolis, Ind.

Discussion, or Questions.

Wednesday Afternoon.

1 :30 O'Clock, Room 70 State House.

Shorthand and Typewriting: Ideals and How to Obtain
Them. Symposium : Short papers or talks by a number of
successful teachers and authors.

What Ought to be Accomplished in a Business Course — G.
W. Brown, President Brown's Business College, St. Louis,
Mo., and J. A. Castor, Principal Indiana Business College,
Vincennes, Indiana.

Discussion — Led by K. Von Ammerman, Manual Training
High School, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Penmanship :

What Every Business College Ought to Accomplish.

What Can be Done Without an Expert Teacher.

(a) In Business Colleges.

(b) In Public Schools.

Wednesday Evening.
8:00 O'Clock, Palm Room, Claypool Hotel.
Address — The History of a Manuscript — Hewitt Hanson
Howland, Editor-in-Chief Publication Department The Bobbs-
Merrill Company, Indianapolis. Ind.

Business Session — For Receiving and Referring Reports of
Committees and Especially for Discussion of Ohio Valley Or-
ganization.

Thursday Morning.
9:00 O'Clock. Club Room, Claypool Hotel.
Bookkeeping, Auditing, Investigation — W. A. Dehority,
Chief Exmr. State Board of Accountants, Indianapolis, Ind.
Business Session — Election of Officers — Reports of Com-
mittees, etc., etc.

J. E. SOULE ENTERTAINS AT DINNER.

X the evening of December 9th at the Union
League Club, Philadelphia, J. E. Soule, the well-
known engrossing artist of that city, entertained
a number of the orofession at dinner. Those
Present were: H. W. Flickinger, R. S. Collins,
S. D. Holt, Charlton V. Howe, L C. Shearer
W. C. Bostwick, J. A. Olson. A. W Rich, M. J. Ryan, H. W.
Patten, and Mr. Todd, of Philadelphia; P. T. Sharp and H. G
Healey, of Xew York. Owing to a severe relapse of a long
continued illness. T. P. McMenamin was unable to be present
Word came that he was very seriously ill, and this caused
much sorrow among the guests.

Air. Soule is a chief of hosts. For more than forty years
he has been prominent in social, professional and club life of
the Quaker City. He belongs to all the prominent clubs in
town, is a thorough sportsman, and excels in almost every line
of amateur athletics. He has won many first prizes with the
gun, and in boxing, billiards, and on the golf ground he is
unexcelled. Mr. Soule was at his happiest at the dinner. He
has fully recovered from the verv severe illness of two years
ago, and no cjne would guess him to be anywhere near his
true age, 67.,

The Union League Club in Philadelphia was the first of
organizations in this country. Mr. Soule was for a number of
years a director of the club. Many of the most famous
paintings in the country are to be found there. Recently the
organization has spent one million dollars in a new addition
to the club. It has a librarv unsurpassed in quality and ex-
tent. There are twenty-five hundred members, and a waiting
list of three thousand.

Each of the guests was called upon for remarks. After the
dinner, the friends gathered in Mr. Soule's studio, where
they inspected many beautiful specimens of penmanship com-
ing from Mr. Smile's pen and brush as well as from man?
others. Mr. Soule had thoughtfully invited the penmen to
bring their scrap-books with them, and a most enjoyable even-
ing was spent in looking over these artistic productions.

One of the honored guests was Henrv W. Flickinger. Mr.
Flickinger's many friends will be clad to know that he is
enjoying good health this winter. He was sixty-six years old
the 30th of la>t August, and, like Mr. Soule, does not begin
to show his years. The occasion was an appropriate one for
Mr. '''lickinger to speak reminiscently regarding the Philadel-
phia pennnn. those whose careers had been brought to a close.
His remarks will appear in February Journal.

57 Ze/>™ 5^

®ljp Uuatttraa Journal

ssasa

NEW YORK COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' ASSO-
CIATION.

HE annual convention of the Commercial Teach-
ers' Section of the New York State Teachers'
Association was held in the Council Chamber,
City Hall, Albany, New York, Nov. 27-28-29.
If&H The Tuesday morning session was called to
JIB order by Chairman J. F. Forbes, of the Rochester

Business Institute, who in a few well chosen words outlined
the general plan to be followed in the three meetings.

The first speaker on the program was Prof. A. P. Brigham,
of Colgate University, who discussed the subject "Methods in
Commercial Geography." Prof. Brigham handled his subject
in a manner that was very acceptable to the members of the
Association who were present and gave many helpful sug-
gestions regarding the teaching of this very difficult subject.
It is not possible to give a full report of his speech in this
brief sketch but among the points he made were the follow-
ing: Statistics should be taught only so far as they may be
necessary to show general relations. Processes of manufac-
ture should not occupy very much time as the subject of
commercial geography has to do mainly with commerce and
not with the manufacture of commercial products. A few
of the important products of commerce should receive special
attention rather than to attempt a necessarily superficial study
of all commercial products. Among the products named were
wheat, cotton, and steel. Prof. Brigham emphasized the
necessity of doing some very definite work along the line of
"Place Geography." He insisted that students in the com-
mercial geography class should be able to locate accurately
the important centers of production and distribution of com-
mercial products. Water and rail trade routes should be
thoroughly familiar to all students of the subject.

The subject of Touch Typewriting was handled by R. P.
So Relle, of New York City. Mr. So Relle pointed out the
various steps in the progress of the pupil through the very
difficult subject of Touch Typewriting, and indicated just
how he would handle a class of beginners in the subject. He
laid special emphasis on the desirability of beginning with
the first and second fingers of each hand instead of all four
fingers at the same time. Pupils need encouragement at the
beginning and nothing is more encouraging than the ability
to turn out some acceptable work during the first day or two
of practice. He also urged that carefully arranged fingering
exercises be given much attention.

W. E. Bartholomew, Inspector of Commercial Education
in the New York State Education Dept, spoke of "The Com-
mercial Teachers' Contest with the Business World." Among
the more important points that were emphasized the following
might be mentioned as typical of the excellent advice given
by the speaker. Every commercial teacher should identify
himself with the business interests of his community. He
should form the acquaintance of men actively interested in
business affairs who could be of service in the way of ad-
vice and furnishing material for use in connection with the
various kinds of commercial work of the school. Methods
in actual use by those men and their employees should be the
methods adopted for use in the class work where variation is
possible. Bankers should be consulted as to their methods
of handling discounts ; mechanics, as to their method of
handling all the problems peculiar to their work. The needs
of the business men should be very carefully studied by the
teacher and he should continually attempt to train the young
pupil along the lines that will best fit for the local positions
that are likely to be offered them. He should learn from this
contact with the business life of his community that accurate
thinking is far more desirable than mere technical ability to
do certain work in a business office. A business men's ad-
visory committee, such as the one which has been formed in
Boston, would be a very desirable thing for anv city; interested
in commercial education. Business letters and business prob-
lems and any other material that is available should be secured
as far as possible from the business offices in the community
where the teacher is employed.

H. L. Jacobs, Pres. Rhode Island Commercial School, Provi-
dence, R. I., discussed the subject of "Office Practice for
Shorthand Students." Mr. Jacobs' paper on this subject was
verv well received, and the Association felt very much in-
debted to him for his very careful thought on and masterly
presentation of the subject. He pointed out the fact that the
office practice which required that students perform certain
routine work in an actual office was less desirable than a well
planned series of lessons on the various duties that are likely
to devolve upon the stenographer in an office position. No
specific office equipment is necessary for such a series of
lessons and much better results can be obtained than from

the more elaborate plan of conducting office practice in actual
or imaginary offices. Not more than fifty dollars would be
required for the filing cabinets and other equipment necessary
for the conducting of this special training for stenographers.
Billing, manifold work of various kinds, filing, indexing, etc.,
should receive very careful attention. Mr. Jacobs further
emphasized the necessity for giving the students a thorough
knowledge of postal information. He also emphasized the
necessity of drill in doing business by telephone and recom-
mended some actual training in meeting visitors who come to
the business office. Some attention should be given to the
efficient use of the telephone.

The first paper Tuesday afternoon was one on the subject
of "Shorthand Dictation," by Miss Gracia Haight, of Sara-
toga Springs High School. Miss Haight advocated a very
careful selection of dictation matter, placing much emphasis
on the desirability of choosing matter in which the pupil would
be interested. She urged that to secure the largest possible
amount of interest on the part of the pupil, transcripts when
completed should represent something of permanent value to
him. She advocated the practice of dictating good literature
and a large number of well selected gems of thought that can
be used to advantage in the character building work that
every successful teacher must take upon herself. Miss
Haight's paper elicited much discussion regarding the advis-
ability of selecting matter that would be of special interest
to the student. The chairman took the ground that the at-
tention of the student ought not to be divided between the
thought contained in the matter he is called upon to write,
and the mechanical work of reproducing the words in short-
hand characters. The general opinion seemed to be that mat-
ter that would appeal to the pupil's emotion at the time of
writing would be undesirable, but that carefully edited matter
should be selected for use in dictation classes and that bet-
ter results might be obtained from that class of dictation in
which there would be a permanent interest on the part of the
pupil.

Carlos B. Ellis, of the High School of Commerce, Spring-
field, Mass., gave a very interesting and helpful address on
"Some Points to be Emphasized in Teaching Commercial
Subjects." Mr. Ellis took the ground that it was much bet-
ter to emphasize the fundamental principles of bookkeeping
than to devote a comparatively small amount of time to this
phase of the subject, and a large amount of time to the ad-
vanced portion of bookkeeping work. He insisted that an
absolute mastery of the fundamentals of bookkeeping is all
that is necessary for the average pupil. He dwelt at some
length on the necessity for facility and efficiency in the hand-
ling of commercial work. Arithmetic, writing, and other
branches of the regular commercial course should receive
more emphasis than is commonly given them.

The subject of "Teaching Bookkeeping" was handled by

F. P. Baltz, of the Eastern District High School, Brooklyn.
Air. Baltz among other valuable suggestions, urged the neces-
sity of having a plan of instruction and following the plan
minutely. He gave a detailed outline of his method of
presenting the subject, and the teachers who were present
were able to take away many helpful suggestions on teach-
ing this most important commercial branch.

Wednesday morning, the Association held a round-table on
Regents examinations in Commercial subjects, W. E. Barth-
olomew, present Inspector of Commercial Education, and F.

G. Nichols, former Inspector, answered many questions per-
taining to the preparation and marking of Regents examina-
tion papers. Among the many important questions discussed
was the advisability of changing the fifty word test. Quite
a number of the teachers present urged that since its pur-
pose was to ascertain whether the pupil was aide to write
his system or not, it would he better to give an examina-
tion in principles rather than to submit a dictation tesr.
The department representative explained that it would be
impossible to secure examiners to handle all of the differ-
ent systems of shorthand in use in New York State. Teach-
ers were urged to submit only those papers in which the
shorthand notes indicated a mastery of the system. If the
teacher will do this, the department can be sure that no stu-
dents will be passed whose work is defective. Another
question that seemed to be of much interest was as to
whether a fifteen sec md pause should be made between the
letters in the fifty and one-hundred word test. A small
majority of those present desired the fifteen seconds pause,
but a large number of teachers were emphatic in their state-
ments that such a pause really lengthened the time and low-
ered the speed of the test. A new plan for the shorthand
examination has been quite carefully worked out and may be
put into effect in the near future according to the statement

XVI

Slljr HJuatnraa 3ournal

of the Inspector. This new plan is based upon the Civil Ser-
vice method and gives credit both for speed and accuracy.

After the round-table discussion was brought to a close,
the regular business meeting of the Association was held.
Miss Harriet Hunter, of the Albany High School, who
acted as secretary in place of the regular secretary, Joseph
Turbush, who was absent, read the minutes of the last meet-
ing. The officers elected for next year were W. E. Bartho-
lomew. State Inspector of Commercial Education, President,
and Joseph Turbush. Technical High School, Syracuse, Sec-
retary. The next convention will be held in Buffalo, at a
time to be decided upon by the Executive Committee of the
State Teachers' Association.

The attendance at all of the sessions was very gratifying,
and the members who were present expressed themselves as
being well repaid for coming to the meeting and were loud
in their praises of Dr. J. F. Forbes, who succeeded in having
every speaker whose name appeared upon the program on
hand to take his part at the appointed time, and who also
began and closed each of the three sessions on the exact
minute called for in the program.

H. O. Blaisdell, who won the world's championship con-
test for 1911, gave a demonstration of rapid typewriting at
the close of the session, Wednesday morning. Unusual in-
terest was manifested in the work. Many of those present
had never had an opportunity to see Mr. Blaisdell in action.

All of the formal papers and the discussion will be printed
with the regular report which is published by the State
Teachers' Association, and will be available at an early date.
Every commercial teacher in the state should write to the
Secretary, Richard A. Searing. Xorth Tonawanda, N. Y., and
arrange to get a copy of the proceedings when they are ready
for distribution.

MISSOURI VALLEY CONVENTION NOTBS.
By F. W. Tamblyx.

On Thursday, Nov. 30th. a reception was given to the mem-
bers of the Association in Huff's School of Expert Business
Training. The Officers of the Association and Miss Huff
were assisted by the Huff Alumni.

The rooms were beautifully decorated with Southern stnilax,
palms, ferns, and chrysanthemums. The two hundred gue-ts
were entertained by music, furnished by the students, and the
Alumni of the school served punch.

A pleasant feature of the evening were the impromptu re-
marks by J. R. Gregg, who told something of the beginning
of the Gregg System of shorthand. Miss Huff was called
for and spoke a few words of appreciation and welcome to
those present. Carl Marshall, of the Good\ ear-Marshall Pub-
lishing Co., talked for a few minutes of his study in pen-
manship, and Mrs. Marcella Lane, of Joplin, Mo., spoke words
of inspiration to beginners in the work. Mr. Plage, Resident
Manager of the Underwood Typewriter Company, spoke of
the rapid growth and successful work of the Huff School.

This reception gave the visiting teachers and other mem-
bers of the Association an opportunity to become acquainted,
and a most enjoyable evening was spent by all present.

J. L. Hoyt was on hand demonstrating the Underwood Type-
writer. He won the World's amateur championship in New
York Oct. 25, 1010, and in the contest wrote 106 words net.

Miss Bessie Linsitz was on hand demonstrating the Under-
wood and announcing the fact that she won the lir^i
the Business Show, Kansas City, Mo., last month, writing
84 words net.

Miss Vera M. Blake, a student of the Huff School, won the
Amateur contest at the Kansas City Business Show, writing
59J4 words net. She placed her services at the disposal of the
members of the convention and was very much appreciated
for the good work she did.

Toastmaster Smith's joke "Hello there! Hid you come
to have a good time, or did you bring your wife along?" made
a hit. F. B. Adams, E. M. Piatt, T. R. Morrissey, and a few
others brought their wives, and from all indications walked
the path of rectitude Pres. Kirker, Miner and Lobaugh
didn't bring their wives: reason, thev didn't have any.

Misses Marcella Levy, Mabel Markev, Bessie Blaine, Loretto
Roache, Edna and Frances Simcox of Brown's Business Col-
ted the convention.

J. P. Richardson of Anderson, Mo., was a visitor at the
convention Saturday.

(< C Brink, Vrgentine, Kans., was a welcome visitor Satur-
day afternoon.

W. H. Quackenbush of Lawrence, F. M. Hurd, Altamont,
Kans., attended the convention but did not register.

Rooms decorated with smilax, palms, ferns, and chrysan-

themums was something new to the Missouri Valley Com-
mercial Teachers' Association

J. H. Rogers, Springfield, Mo. visited the convention the
last day.

Messrs. Keen of Lawrence, and Series of Ft. Scott, were on
hand.

SAVING COST IN BUSINESS.

Business men are finding out that it pays to try to make
what may seem at first to be small economies. Not long ago
a manufacturer was negotiating for the purchase of a 30
horse-power electric motor to operate new machinery which
his plant had found it necessary to install. The engine run-
ning the remainder of the machinery was already worked to
its greatest capacity, or at least so those in charge believed.
At this juncture, says Business, an expert was called in.

By simply changing the lubricants he got more than fifty
horse power over the former limit from the original engine
Not only did he save the purchase of the new m
actually reduced the yearly cost of lubricants by 15 per cent.

In a cotton mill there was a similar experience when one
department found that it would be necessary either to install
a new engine of greater power or add an electric motor to
the present equipment. By the substitution of better lubri-
cants intelligently selected and used the extra load was han-
dled by the old engine.

It is a common thing to see a concern putting on the screws
as to printing, writing, illustrating, etc.. in their campaigns
bv mail — and then to ignore the factor of postage altogether.
The spectacle of thousands of booklets being put into the
mail with a two-cent stamp attached when each envelope
just tips a little over the one-cent limit reminds one of the
suburbanite who refuses to start for his train until the last
minute and then misses it by five feet.

"But it is a very serious thing," the writer continues : "I
have known it to make a difference of $2,000 in one mailing —
a sum which might have been saved by the application of
some forethought and sense.

"Bv setting their catalogue in 5T< in stead of a 6 point type
a mail order firm saved $75,000 in one vear. Their bills' of
postage alone is in the neighborhood of $45,000 a month.
Other great mail order houses spend even more on postage.
One of these saved $52,000 by altering the paper used in the
catalogue and by trimming the paper close to the type page.

"As a matter of fact, no house should ever plan a ca
booklet or anything else without taking into account the post-
age first. The printer's dummy should be weighed, and by
no means should the wrapper or envelope be forgotten.
Sometimes a lighter weight paper stock will save many dol-
lars. For laree catalogues there are verv special kinds of
paper made which effect big savings through reduction of
weight.

"One of the biggest fortunes in the publishing business
was built through Uncle Sam's easv going interpretations
of the second-class postage laws until more recent vears.
This publisher was enabled to print books under the techni-
cal classification of periodical libraries and send his mer-
chandise anywhere at a cent a pound.

"One single concern which had been spending $50,000 a vear
on various kind; of circular matter, gotten out under first-
class postage, saved $28,000 out of its following Year's appro-
priation and did more business bv limine matter going out
under third class. A certain Boston firm some time ago
spent a thousand dollars on a folder going out under third
class postage and got back $lt.ooo worth of business.

"A Chicago mail order bouse once made an experiment
which proved to them that not more than 10 or 20 per cent
of the pi ent out such notifications. As each of

their catalogues represented a considerable sum. a plan was
finally put through so that if word came from a postmaster
at. let us say, Utica. N. Y., telling of a wrongly addressed
catalogue King there, the company got some one else in
Utica who desired to have a catalogue call at the post office
and by payment of one cent take the catalogue which was
there wrongly addressed to another individual.

"Hut this, while a big saving, did nothing to obviate the
situation created bv the negligence of 80 to 90 per cent, of
postmasti the firm when the catalogues |j

uncalled for. Feeling that it was not fair to lose this money

the matter was
taken up at Washington, and arrangements were finallv made
to overcome this. A total of $2,000 a month was saved by
this careful planning and by a trip to Washington, a saving
which other concerns can now, too. share."

lt/nn 5 -f~

QJlj? IBuattteas 3attrnal

oZ^rtt^i^^-^t<ri^.^^A/~-€^-f¥z<J.. 6Lscz^cr '^sts-cy -^ri^zz^tL/ ^uias

^^Z3kZrf&4*£i2^

I'latc 5. — The best test of good penmanship is in a complete exercise. Such an exercise is to be found in the fore-
going letter. Note carefully the arrangement and every detail. Every ambitious writer should make it his aim to master
this letter during the month of January. It should be written at least one hundred times. The publishers of the Business
Journal should be very glad to receive the results of practice on this plate.

rf-^^r-

Plate 6. — A review of some of the

letters. Write a full page of each word. Notice carefully the spacing, the

ADVANCED COURSE

cM^^^trT^i^e^y.

^^a=sua(. f^a*&i*!Ljbsz?'2~£^22^/~ &-^-^&-tt^i?£^-&<gf, ^-£ZS^^sz-Z^<s?-?-z-</ ^t^a^^d^b-^L^^

%0rLrtfrZ<iZ!A4*C<d^r^7.'.

Ptates 1, 2, 3, 4. — Write ten panes of each one of these plates. While practising the writing memorize and assimilate
Itions. Thev will prove of great value.

57 l*jm 5?

% % % t %% % % - %

<$i\e Uttstnraa Journal

Department of Ornamental Writing

A. M. WONNELL

POINTERS FOR THE ORNAMENTAL WRITER.

This is the last contribution in my series, and I am giving
you page writing. This is the supreme test in ornamental
writing.

Here we must be especially careful about slant, size, spac-
ing and arrangement. And I almost forgot to say a uniform-
ity in style.

I hope your progress has come up to your expectations.

As a last word, let me say, study, study, study, and study
good copies, don't be a quitter, and you can surprise your-
self in this work.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS — Subscribers wishing to have their
magazines sent lo a new address should notify us promptly, giv-
ing the old address and specifying the edition, whether News or
Regular. Notices must be received one full month in advance, that
all copies may be received. Do not bother the clubber or teacher
wtio sent in your subscription, but writ* to this office direct.

;/-!^£*z^^>^^W^Li«=^^ -C^i>ez^l^7^-^l^>tr-^

l^^*2^^*-*^-^^^

u;ljr IBuHtncss Journal

WRITING FOR THE ACCOUNTANT

/^yvLyL^y^L^tycy /7>nn^LsyinsL^:s /nsvi^i/vyi^Lsc/ snnn^i^yyisuc/ yno^L^t^yy^yiycy
/^i/~cz^>u^i4/yyi/ /is-z^sc^su<A/yisL/ -^is-zz-sCsisL^sunsyi^ sny-z^isiA^tA/yyi/

CAsW^n^?u^KL<rvi/ c^i^/7^sL^isnn^<ryi/ c^^nn^/z^^uin^uann^ c^^on^yi^ot^yyz^rri^

snnn^uw*a/yyLscsL/ snsyi^zL^Kyi/yvi^ci/ /nnn^L/yvz/yyi^csi./ ^nnn^^uinn^vyi^cPLy

^iA/-i^n^yi^<rz4/-- ^yu-i^rh^yi^o-TA/-' .

LESSON SIXTEEN.

The words on this plate are given
Make each letter as nearly like the model
apart.

a thorough review of the preceding lessons. A! bast one careful:/
possible. Study the spacing between letters. Avoid making son

should be
ie togethei

ccc.i copy,
triers wide

FLOURISHING.
By W. 1). Sears.

The designs this month are comparatively simple and
should lie studied closely by students following the course.
Practice the bird the same' as in the last month's lesson,
making the breast stroke first, shape the beak carefully, then
the wing strokes and at last, the strokes of the tail. The
long shaded strokes may be made by lifting the arm clear of
tlie desk, but the shorter strokes should be made by letting
the arm roll lightly on the muscles of the fore-arm.

In practicing the second design make the heavy strokes
that cross the quill first, then the quill and last the finishing
strikes of the flourish. I should be pleased to receive a
specimen of each design by students following the course,
and if postage is enclosed, will offer any suggestions that I
may think necessary. Address W. D. Sears, Drake College.
Jersey City, X. J.

"We have a treasure of a cook." "You are, indeed, fortu-
nate." "Yes, in two ways. She not only stays, but she is
friends with the ice man, so that he never misses." — Buffalo
Express.

"He seems to have a splendid command of the English
language." "Why. he hardly ever says a word." "I know.
That's why I say he has a splendid command of the English
language." -( 'hicago Record-Herald.

"These summer boarders are hard to please." "What's
the matter now?" "They're kicking because I ain't got no
field of shredded wheat to show 'em." — Washington Herald.

c^Wx.6?^-^^^ ...^22^..<£^^

£zLc?c*4^<d^i?--77^/-

'/OW^LsTL/

My Favorite Writing Drills" by R. C. Haynes, Lewiston, Me.

'Ifsm 5-^

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QIlu* tBuflttttaa Journal

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HOW TO LEARN TOUCH TYPEWRITING.

Accuracy.

By J. E. Fuller, Wilmington, Del.

Author "The Touch Writer."

LEARNER who has mastered the location of the
keys and who uses a correct style of fingering
should lie an accurate operator within the
limits of his speed; hut not more than one
student out of ten win. is inaccurate can tell
what he thinks is the cause of his trouble. He simply knows
that, for some mysterious reason, he fails to strike the right
keys. He has not tried to diagnose the case, hut has gone
ahead blindly, practicing doggedly but not intelligently.

What he needs is a teacher who can point out to him con-
\ incingly some simple facts which can he plainly seen by
anyone who will but stop a moment to analyze the situation.

Errors in typewriting must arise from one of the follow-
ing causes, or from a combination of two or more of them:

First. Imperfect knowledge of the keyboard. If the
learner does not know where the keys are, of course he is
likely to strike the wrong one at any moment.

Second. Inability to control the fingers. If the finger-,
will not do the bidding of the brain, it is of little use to know
where the desired keys are.

Third. Writing too fast. If the speed is too great for
the control, or if the fingers run ahead of the thinking, mix-
ups are likely to occur.

Fourth. Inattention or carelessness. If the learner al-
lows his mind to wander, or if, in the beginning of his
practise, he allows his thoughts to run far ahead of his
lingers, omitted letters, transposed Utters, or substituted
syllables are likely to result.

From this it will he seen that the learning of the key-
board (referred to in a preceding paper) is the first step in
the acquirement of accuracy, and that the training of the
lingers is the second step: but that, at all times, the learner
must keep within the limits of his speed, and concentrate his
mind upon his work.

When repeated drills of wide variety have shown that the
learner knows, without appreciable hesitation, precisely where
each key is, he may be said to have mastered the keyboard
But the pupil will often continue to strike wrong keys, even
when the teacher believes the keyboard to have been mastered
The teacher's problem then is to find out from what cause the
errors actually arose.

Here is where actual observation of the students while at
their work Incomes absolutely necessary if intelligent and
well-directed teaching is to be done. If the student writes
hesitatingly, it is evident that he does not know the key-
hoard as well as he should; that is, either he does not feel
sure of the location of the keys, or he lacks confidence in
his ability to strike them with precision. In such a case it is
quite likely that some of his errors arise from his "taking a
chance" on striking the right key. rather than taking the tinn
t>> think out the location of the key be wants.

If. on the other hand, the student writes confidently and
at a uniform rate of speed, hut still makes errors, it is likely
that the trouble lies in the fingers rather than in the brain.

A common fault, productive of many errors, is too much
hand or wrist movement — getting the hands too far from
their work — bobbing them up and down. The pupil should
he shown, not mereh I, 'hi, how much more likely his 1.1,, us
ire to be accurately delivered if each linger is kept close to
the mark at which the blow is aimed — just as a marksman is
more likely to hit the bullseve at ten yards than at one
hundred. There should he as little hand movement as pos-

sible

Gregg Notes by Alice L. Rinne, Chicago, 111.

Graham Notes by W. D. Bridge, New York.

i To be C

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QJljr iBusitttaa 3mtrnal

WRITING SPECIMENS.

You will find D. L. Hunt at the Eau Claire, Wis., Busi-
ness College ; and you will find 180 pages of one student's
penmanship work in our sanctum if you will call soon. Miss
Mamie Wold has shown us what one young woman can do,
whose motto seems to be "The best writers were once begin-
ners.'" We have examined every one of the more than 180
pages of her work, and are sure we have never seen more
regular, neat, winsome writing from a student in all our
examinations, and the tout ensemble is a delight to our eyes.

A. C. Doering, Merchants' and Bankers' School, New York
City, sends us a splendid specimen of a Spanish boy which
shows much improvement in touch and form compared with
some earlier specimens.

The Freeman P. Taylor School, Philadelphia, Pa., is turn-
ing out fine business writers as is evidenced by the several
specimens, nicely executed, received at The Journal office.

J. N. Fulton, International Business College, Ft. Wayne,
Ind., gives us the pleasure of examining some splendid work
done by several of his pupils.

Some of the best specimens received by The Journal for
a long time, came from T. C. Knowles, Pottsville, Pa., Com-
mercial School.

Practice work in figures from students of R. A. Spellman,
Bristol County Business School, Taunton, Mass., has reached
our desk.

L. R. Watson, Montclair, N. J., High School, submits the
work of some of his grade pupils, excellently done.

From the Reno College, Pittsburg, Pa., E. T. Overend,
comes some specimens showing good results in penmanship
teaching.

We have received some good movement drills and plain
business writing from the pupils of Herbert E. Congdon, Ed-
ward Little High School, Auburn, Me.

Theodore Melhado, the Poughkeepsie, N. Y., card writer,
sends us a selection of his cards nicely mounted on heavy
card board, all going to produce a pleasing effect. This
young man is rapidly coming to the front as an orna7nental
writer.

We cannot speak too highly of the work of pupils of J. A
Buchanan, Collegiate Institute, London, Ontario.

From A. Higgins, Orange Union High School, Orange,
Calif., came splendid evidence of the faithful and painstak-
ing practice of pupils of his schools.

R. E. Leaf, Lincoln High School, Seattle, Wash., sends us
much work done by his pupils in a manner deserving of the
highest praise.

Excellent movement drills come from pupils of A. M.
Poole, Easton School of Business, Easton, Pa.

J. D. Rice, Chillicothe, Mo., sends specimens of the highest
character.

THE SUNNY SIDE.
"I hate that expression, 'Drop me a line. Still, it's per-
missible if you happen to be drowning."

Willie — All the stores closed on the day my uncle died.
Tommy — That's nothing. All the banks closed for three
weeks after my pa left town. — Puck.

He was very bashful and she tried to make it easy for him.
They were driving along the seashore and she became silent
for a time.

"What's the matter?" he asked.

"O, I feel blue," she replied. "Nobody loves me and my
hands are cold."

"You should not say that." was his word of consolation,
"for God loves you. and your mother loves you. and you can
sit on your hands." — Success.

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

Nicely addressed envelopes have been received from A.
Hartkorn, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; E. M. Huntsinger, Hartford,
Conn. ; C. M. Wright, Portland, Ore. ; A. M. Wonnell, Big
Rapids, Mich.; C. J. Potter, Burlington, la.; D. L. Hunt, Eau
Claire, Wis.; N. S. Smith, Waco, Texas; W. E. Dennis.
Brooklyn, N. Y.; O. U. Robinson, Round Plains, Ont. ; S. O.
Smith, Hartford, Conn.; C. E. Brumaghim, Gloversville, N.
Y. ; W. H. Wherley, Astoria, 111.; D. L. Callison, Wichita.
Kans. ; G. G. Hoole, Bozeman, Mont.; J. F. Walsh, Brook-
lyn, N. Y. ; R. W Ballentine, Albanv, N. Y. ; J. C. Hatton.
Washington, D. C. ; J. G. Christ, Lock Haven, Pa.; W. H.
Patrick, York, Pa. ; F. B. Courtney, Cedar Rapids, la.

P. W. Costello, Scranton, Pa.; W. A. Hoffman, Valparaiso,
Ind.; J. H. Janson, Napa, Calif.; W. L. Morris, Monroe, La.;
O. J. Hanson, Grand Forks, N. D. ; J. J. Bailey, Toronto,
Ont.; A. C. Sloan, Toledo, Ohio; F. B. Adams, Parsons.
Kans. ; W. H. Beacom, Wilmington, Del. ; C. W. Ransom,
Kansas City, Mo.; T. W. Emblem, Elmira, N. Y. ; Bro. An-
selm, Montreal, Que.; S. B. Hill, Clinton, la.; W. W. Ben-
nett. Milwaukee, Wis.; W. D. Sears, Jersey City, N. J.; F.
C Mills, Rochester, N. Y. ; J. W. Hill, Dallas, Texas; A, B.
Coulson, Los Angeles, Calif.; A. L. Percy, Cleveland, Ohio;

E. J. Abernethy, Rutherford College, N. C. ; E. H. McGhee.
Trenton, N. J.; J; A. Strvker, Kearney, Nebr. ; C. A. Barnett,
Oberlin, Ohio; L. C. McCann, Mahoney City, Pa.; S. E. Bar-
tow, Albany, N. Y.

Sam Evans, Newport, Ky. ; C. J. Lewis, Charleston, S. C. :
A. W. Dakin, Syracuse, N. Y. ; C. A. Braniger, New York
City; A. R. Merrill, Saco, Me.; J. J. Conway, Newburgh, N
Y.; W. K. Cook, Hartford, Conn.; S. C. Bedinger, Still-
water, Okla. ; C. J. Gruenbaum, Lima, Ohio ; H. D. Groff.
Philadelphia ; J. T. Evans, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; C. S. Springer.
Spokane, Wash.; J. D. Todd, Sheffield. England; James
Maher, McKeesport, Pa. ; E. C. Davis, Salt Lake City, Utah ;

F. A. Ashle" Philadelphia ; J. W. Farrell, Greenville, Tex. :
W. H. Moore, Menominee, Mich.; E. Warner, Toronto, Ont.:
A. D. Reaser, Cortland, N. Y. ; M. M. Van Nes«, Hoboken.
N. J. ; L. M. Rand, Boston, Mass. ; S. E. Leslie, Poughkeepsie.
N. *.; C. F. Nesse, Chico, Calif.; L. E. Stacy, Meadville, Pa.

Movement Drill by J. Macdecy, Pupil of N. S. Smith.
Toby's Business College, Waco, Texas.

WRITING SUPPLIES.
The Journal will till orders for the following supplies on
receipt of the price in postage stamps:

Soennecken Broad Pointed Pens for Text Lettering, set of 11, 26c.

Double Holder for Soenneeken Pens Holds two pens at one time.
10c.

Oblique Penholders. One, 10c; two, 18c.. Special prices by the
dozen.

French India Ink. 1 bottle by mail. 50c: 1 dozen, by express, $5.00-

Gillott's No. i Principality I'm*, one gross. $1.00.

Gillott't cot /■:. /•'. Pens, .me b'.'ss. "8c.

.Ltmn 5 ^~

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New! Effective! Miraculous!

If these drills seem easy to you, you are on the right
road. If they seem difficult or ineffective you are
advised to reserve your decision until their- simplicity
and marvelous possibilities are demonstrated to you.

Each drill begins where the letter itself
begins, takes up each oval at the point
where the curve in the letter "for which it
stands" is taken up and finishes where the
letter finishes, without lifting the pen. Each
oval is made in the same direction as the
curve for which it stands.

"TWICHELL'S BOOKLET"

gives a resume of the penmanship situa-
tion, accounting in many ways for the fail-
ures of the past and giving great courage
for the success of the future. It gives
sixty-two Capital Letter Drill Forms and
fifty-six Small Letter Drill Forms which
are new creations and which, it is believed,
will revolutionize the teaching of penman-
ship, for they bridge the chasm between the
oval and the letter in a wonderful way.
Price 25 Cents.

Letter Drill Forms" from "Twichell's Booklet'

TWICHELL'S PREPARED PENMANSHIP PRACTICE PAPER

with Copy and Instructions. Each copy of the new system will appear on a sheet of this PRACTICE PAPER
with minute instructions regarding the handling of the same.

TWICHELL'S PREPARATORY PRACTICE SHEET

This is the first sheet of the PREPARED PRACTICE PAPER and gives the hand control necessary for
tacking the LETTER DRILL FORMS successfully.

Reams of this paper are worth tons of copy books and ordinary practice paper in training for hand control
Muscular Movement Writing purposes. Why? Because they give greater efficiency with less practice.

It can be used to advantage with any Muscular Movement Method.

P. S. No penmanship teacher, no matter how successful, can afford to continue his work without using
"PRACTICE PAPER."

Send for 25-cent lot.

TWICHELL'S "PERFECT MOVEMENT WRITINGFORM'9 ***** 2 ± '"«■-

at-
for

this

This is a Mechanical De-
vice to be worn on the hand
while writing. It insures a
correct position of the hand,
correct pen-holding, discour-
ages finger action, encourages
muscular movement, makes
hand side-rest impossible, cures
writer's cramp instantly, and,
in short, if worn faithfully,
establishes a "Perfect writing
movement."

Why trifle with the child in
this matter for years, wasting
your energy aid bis and ha^e
him turn out wrong in ibe
end when by the uv? ,/ this
simple device yon can bava
him doing * He right thing in
two minutes?

Can you imagine how it
would seem to teach penman-
ship and forget that it is dif-
ficult to keep the child in gnd
position, — writing with perfect
movement, always?

What of the results if we
should do the right thing every
time we make a stroke of the
pen?

No, this device is not a
crutch. The children will do
as well without it as with it
habit has been

idth of hand

the knuckles and 25 cents*

for

can be

ith any

"The Writingform"
used to advantage w
Muscular Movement Sy

Not one penmanship teacher

in one thousand can afford to

continue without the use of tl

For "Twichell's Booklet," '

send 50 cents,

Three Girls Writing with "Writingforms" upon their hands.

Writingform."

ichell's Preparatory Practice Sheet" (25 cent lot) and Twichell's "Perfectmovement Wntingfo
For any two, send 40 cents. Special rates for large quantities on application.

WRITING FORM COMPANY, Silk City Trust Building, PATERSON, N. J.

> 9 • •

ni\t IBitaittPHs Journal

WORK AND PLAY.
By James P. Downs.

Publisher of The Memory Library.
t**\ V4 ^ nas been remarkcd that work and play are not
Jfil 4§1 so different as many people think. In order to
yrj ^Sj [.lay, as well a- to u-irk. physical or mental
exertion is necessary, even sometimes to fatigue,
and it is no more difficult to learn to do things
which are useful than to learn to do things which are useless.
The chief difference is that play is the pleasure or pastime of
a moment, while work prepares for usefulness or happiness
for the whole life. Further, the very word "pastime" con-
demns itself. It is merely something to make the passage
of time less irksome, whereas when engaged upon some work
in which you are interested as yielding profit or instruction
the hours fly all to swiftly.

To live wholly for play and amusement is not to live with-
out at times fatiguing one's self mentally and physically.
Idle children, youths and adults make a foolish choice when
they prefer short-lived pastimes, with consequent regret in
after \ ears for wasted hours, to the double pleasures of doing
a thing well, and a lifetime thereafter of satisfaction over
an accomplishment, as in the line of music, or the mastery
of some subject that may be a source of profit to one's self,
or of helpfulness to others.

The secret of success is a determined, definite purpose.
It is narrated of the French explorer, La Salle, that on his
pioneering expeditions he successfully wore out his Indian
guides and helpers. He came to America fresh from the
courts of Europe and without any special prowess or train-
ing. Yet he traversed the American forests and rivers with
a zeal there was no turning aside. His Indian guides had been
accustomed to a life of hardship from childhood. Never-
theless. Indian after Indian was left helpless behind, while
La Salle, undaunted, continued his course of exploration.
The secret of his endurance was his inflexible purpose, which,
reacting upon his body, made him regardless of hardship
while indomitably he continued his resolute way.

While obstacles and discouragements may retard your
progress do not let them stop you completely. "The proper
time to give up is when you're dead. Until then keep on
pushing. When one hand gets tired, use the other.; when
they both get tired, use your feet; when they get tired, put
your back to it, and probably by the time your hack gets
tired your hands will be rested and you can start all over
again."

Even when all one's apparent available time is taken up.
still very often more work can be accomplished in the same
number of hours by a different arrangement of time and
method of study. For instance, assuming that one has two
subjects of study and two hours for study in an evening. It
will often he found the case that the two hours can be
divided into three periods of fort) minutes each, and that
another subject can be added.

Furthermore, this addition can be made without any det-
riment whatever to the two studies which have taken up the
two whole hours theretofore,

But some one will say. Why. how can this be done? Very
easily. By a better method of study. Study with your mind
wideawake iiuil throw yourself into your study, — not to spend
so much time in study, but with a fixed, definite purpose to
accomplish a certain work in. or in less than, a certain time
Tin probabilities are. after a little practice, that not onlj will
it he found that the third subject is being studied as desired,
but that you are really making greater progress with the
first two. and the simple reason is that you ore [>nttin<i more
mind into your study.

Three non-related subjects can be studied without conflict,
such, for example, as mathematics, languages and music.

During the confinement of Federal soldiers in Southern
prisons various were the means resorted to in order to pass
away the dreary time. Among other pastimes one that has
been described was a spider race. A circle four or live feet
in diameter was traced on the ground. Several men would
each place a spider in the center of the circle, and the spider
which passed outside of the circle first was adjudged the
winner.

It was presently noticed that one man's spider was always
the winner. His spider always got first outside of the circle.
Finally the secret was discovered. He kept his spider in a
small closed box, which the spider found uncomfortably
cramped and close. The consequence was that as soon as
Mr. Spider was placed on the ground, being thoroughly dis-
pleased and irritated at his forced restraint and eager to
avail himself of his newly acquired liberty, he instantly and
at the top of his speed made a dash, passing all his loitering
companions and quickly crossing the line far in advance of
them all.

Years ago I heard a lecturer speak about the Urbana
Hoist. This was at the railroad junction where the wide
tracks of the East ceased and were continued by the narrow
gauge tracks of the West. A car coming from the East, on
reaching the Urbana Hoist, was lifted from its trucks and
placed upon trucks fitted for the narrower track, and so was
enabled to continue. On the other hand, a car coming from
the West, on reaching this point, was lifted from its narrow
trucks and placed upon the wide gauge trucks for the con-
tinuance of its journey farther East. And, said the lecturer,
a hint may be taken from this for application to intellectual
pursuits. When you have ample opportunities for study,
improve them to the utmost: but should misfortune befall
you, and your circumstances be such that you have oppor-
tunity remaining for studying only in a limited way, never-
theless continue and do the best you can. If on the other
hand, you have now only limited opportunities for study ami
advancement, do not be discouraged. Do the best you can,
but at the first opportunity, embrace wider opportunities and
continue your way rejoicing. In other words: Be narrow
when so compelled, but broad at first opportunity: and, con-
versely, be broad when you may and narrow when you must.
RUT GO ! !

Wor

ds Everyone

Should Be Able

to Spell.

saccharine

radiator

quizzing

sacrilege

oscillate

tuning-fork

heresy

wrinkle

vacillate

variation

encyclopaedia

menagerie

gawky

orchestra

venturesome

grimace

inauguration

poignant

indelible

discrepancy

cruisers

apoplexy

ventilate

bivouac

arbitration

scheme

glycerine

cylinder

annexatii in

connoisseur

halter

talisman

amendment

dissuade

gnarl

spontaneous

mobility

gherkin

enamel

fillibuster

hydrant

air-tight

menacing

glacier

mercurial

hemorrhage

hedgehi ig

migratory

Elsewhere in this issue will be found an advertisement

of the Celebrated Korean Ink which Madaras/ used in
all of his best work. Concerning it he once wrote; "It
is that kind of India ink which gives a perfectly black
shade, and the finest hair line possible. I haven't many
cakes left, but I've got all there is in this country— if 1
want more I have to import them, as my dealer says, 'It is
to,, good an ink for the average user of India ink. and the
price is a bit steep.' For me the best is none ti
One discerning fellow penman ordered three cakes more
after he tried the iir-t He wrote, 'It is happiness t. . write
with it.' "

~U/w\ S 1~

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ehr lihtatttpsa Journal

THE AGE OF THE YOUNG MAN.
l'.V \\ . P. Steinhaeuser.
\RK living in the age of the young man.
In every department of human endeavor, in
art. science, literature, mechanics, and the like,
we see the young man in evidence. He has
come closer in touch with the world's work
than at any time in the history of progress. The twenti-
eth century demands young men: men of vitality; men
of moral courage; men who know how to work; men
who can carry a "Message to Garcia," and do it without
complaint. What is wanted are men "with empires in
their brains," ami those who make the most of their
God-given talents.

The hoy of today is the man of tomorrow. So goes
the saying. In order to gain the most out of youth, one
needs to lie studious, taking advantage of every op-
portunity presented that will show useful knowledge in
hi- way. The three immutable attributes of the Creator,
viz power, wisdom and goodness, make up the successful
and well informed man of the age.

I quote what has been termed BlackstOne's Guide to
In". "Such, among others, are these principles; That
we should live honestly, should hurt nobody, and should
render to every one his dues; to which three general
precepts Justinian reduced the whole doctrine of law."
A firm resolve to follow out this advice will make the
pathway of life radiant and a pleasant place to travel in.
Shakespeare has written —
"Oil, my soul's joy!

If alter every tempest come such calms.
May the wind-- blow till they have wakened death!
And let the laboring bark climb hills of seas
Olympus high and duck again as low
As hell's from heaven! If it were now to die.

'Twere now to Ik- most happy; tor I fear
My soul hath her content so absolute
That not another comfort like to this
Succeeds in unknown fate."
The slogan of the hour 1-. knowledge and life goeth
together. If this be true, it behooveth every person ro
be up and doing, firmly resolved to make use of every
odd minute to inform himself intelligently upon questions
of most import. Leave no stone unturned in becoming
what God intended man to be — a rational, well-informed
being.

If you wish to succeed you must take life seriously: force
your energies; your pluck; your indomitable will. Let no
apparent obstacles stay your progress, but get close to the
obstacle, and the chances are that what appeared to be an
insurmountable difficulty, yen will discover a narrow pathway
through it by easy stages to your destination.

CHANGING RIBBONS "ON THE SPOOL."

"Remington Notes," the official organ of the Remington
Typewriter Company, has this item, which will be of value to
thousands of Remington operators:

CHANCING RIBBONS "ON THE SP0O1

When the old ribbon is wound on the right-hand ribbon, de-
tach it from the left-hand ribbon tape. Then unscrew screw
and remove the old spool and insert the new one. Pass the
free end of the new ribbon through the slot above the right-
hand spool and across the type basket, attach it to the tape on
the left-hand spool, and the new ribbon is ready for work.

One caution alone is necessary, namely, that all makes of
ribbons cannot be inserted on the Remington in this manner.
To be sure of getting the benefit of this feature, operators
should always use a Remington-made ribbon, in other words,
a Paragon Ribbon.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦J

I GOD BE THANKED FOR BOOKS f

— Channing
Kingsley said, "Except a living man, there is nothing more wonderful than a book.

To sustain this proposition a school-book should be the practical embodiment of the living teacher. "Books
are embalmed minds." "The books that help you most are those that make you think most." "Books are the sole
instrument of perpetuating thought." "A good book is the precious life-blood of a master

Hundreds of quotations like these are exemplified in our practical text-1 ks for practical school.. Our

Xew Practical Letter Writing, just revised and greatly enlarged, contains the latest practical "features" presented
m an interest -impelling manner. Our Arithmetic Aids are fascinating, yet extremely practical. Our Xew Prac-
tical Typewriting lures the student on to a still higher achievement. Even our Commercial Law has not a "dry
page in it. All of our books are written with much charm and clearness, and contain such a spirit of realism that
the) are studied with pleasure and never-failing profit. Our book, are used in hundreds of the largest schools.
Why- Only because of their merit.

You should examine our books You don't know what you have missed until you see them for yourself.
Studj them critically, remembering that school books are the most valuable or the least, according as their methods
are effective in imparting practical instruction in a practical manner.

Catalogue free. We pay the freight.

THE PRACTICAL TEXT BOOK COMPANY

CLEVELAND, OHIO

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iTItr iBustncfis Journal

Mr. Commercial Teacher: Did you know we have a fine list of posi-
tions for January, 1912. $2400.00 for a penman. Why not write us your
'qualifications today? THE INSTRUCTORS' AGENCY, Marion, InoV

MANY OF THE

Best Schools

in the United States

get their teachers through this
class teachers. We have some

Bureau. We always have openings for first-
excellent places now. Free Registration.

CONTINENTAL TEACHERS'

AGENCY, Bowling Green, Ky.

A TOP-NOTCHER !

For

ial

L'ill

of:

Barnes of St. Louis. Spencerian of Louisville,
Duffs of Pittsburg, HeaMs of California. South Division High of Milwaukee, West
High of Minneapolis, Warrenshurg (Mo.) State Normal. Indiana (Pa.) State
Normal— and scores of other schools have selected our candidates. These schools
employ "top-notchers" only. Protect your interests. Get our tree registration
blank for 1912 positions.

THE SPECIALISTS* EDUCATIONAL BUREAU

Robert A. Grant, Mgr. Webster Groves, St. Louis. Mo.

DELIVERING THE GOODS TO HIGH SCHOOLS

\mong the scores of positions we filled in 1911. these high schools suggest geo-
cranh'ical ranee andqualitv: Commercial. Columbus. Ohio, <3) : Ashland, Ky.; Houghton,
\l!ch \nsonfa Conn (8); Oshkosh. Wis.; Tyrone, Pa.: East Orange. N. J.: Calumet,
Mich.';' Waterbury, Conn.. (2): Brockton. Mass (2); Perth Amboy, N. J.; Pouglikeeps.e.
N. Y.: Chelsea. Mass.; Manistee. Mich.; Middletown, Conn.; Oneonta, .\. V, Rome N.
Y • Oeden Utah; Deer Lodge, Mont.; South Division. Milwaukee: Llyria, Ohio; Pomona.
Cal'if Manchester, N. H.: Omaha. Neb.; Ilolyoke, Mass.; Bloomfield N. J.;. West High,
Des Moines, Iowa— Salaries from $90 to $190 a month. And this list omits many re-
munerative positions in places not widely known.

Last year in February we were flooded with calls for fall engagements. 7r you, are go-

,nato chlnae vet into the game right away ,— but be sure you mean business The man-

ager of ' th s Agency desires^to help every worthy teacher who really wants help, but he

?s8far too busy8 to waste time on the mildly curious the unprepared or those who are so

unbusinesslike as to ask twice what they are worth; and he has neither time nor sta-

nerv to use on the school official who does not pay his teachers promptly as agreed

This Agency is conducted with the distinct purpose to help squarely and efficiently

those worthy persons who in good faith ask for help. Try us once. You will come

again, as hundreds of others do. No registration fee. "No position no pay.

The National Commercial Teachers Agency

A Specialty by a Specialist
E. E. Gaylord, Manager, 11 Baker Ave., Beverly, Mass.

TEACHERS WANTED. We now have on our list positions paying from $75
to $100 per month. Registration free. Northeastern Teachers^Agency,

G. L. Smith, Sec. & Treas.

NEWMARKET, N. H.

INTENSIVE EFFORT in

pleasantly and profitably located
need of more good teachers. N.
schools for sale.

n extensive field is why w

n every State and Territory

registration fee is charged.

have so many teachers
the Union. We are in
Ve have many desirable

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU, Tribune Bldg., New York City

"Good Teachers for good Schools" Established, 1877

447 South Second Street, Louisville, Kentucky

Our specialty is furnishing public and private schools with competent teach-
ers of the commercial branches, shorthand, penmanship, etc. We invite
correspondence from schools in need of first-class teachers, and from teach-
ers who desire connection with good schools.

WHY NOT GET THE BEST?

We receive the beSI calls fol Commercial And Shorthand

,, We also have a number of per-

■ il Business Colleges i " u-ii-io

>■'•"■ Inler-State Teachers' Agency. Pendleton, Oregon

WANT ADS.

Wanted first-class male teacher
of Isaac Pitman Shorthand and
typewriting for a leading Business
College in large city in New Jer-
sey. Address "F," c/o Pitman's
an who is energetic and Journal, 2 'West 45th Street. New

ambitious, to assist the manager of a first-class

business college. Address in own handwriting. \ OrK.

Good Manager, c/o Business Journal.

Foi Sale: HaH interest in growing business
school. $120.00 clear monthly. Great future.
•iddress "Business School, c/o Business
Journal.

The Sengbusch Self-Closing Inkstand.
There are inkstands and inkstands,
some which are merely receptacles for
the storage of the indispensable sable
fluid and others which offer advantages
of economy in use, combined with an
avoidance of those spilling qualities,
which are so provocative of spoiled
manuscripts and bad language. The
Sengbusch Self-Closing Inkstand, as its
name implies closes up snugly thereby
preventing the evaporation of ink. It
works automatically, as will be seen
from the cut. The pen is supplied with
ink by simply dipping it into the ink-
stand, and as soon as it is withdrawn
the inkstand closes automatically, thus

making it dustproof. When dipping one
secures a uniform dip at all times, so
that there is never too much ink on the
pen. It is filled very easily, after which
it requires no further attention. The
mechanism never dries up or clogs, as
it is constantly submerged in ink and
being made of hard rubber and glass
will not deteriorate.

The Sengbusch Inkstand is made in a
variety of forms to suit the varied re-
quirements of an office. The prices
range from $1.50 up and the inkstands
may be obtained from the Sengbusch
Self-Closing Inkstand Co. of Mont-
gomery Building, Milwaukee, Wis.

At Greer College, Hoopeston, III., at
the close of the summer quarter Fred-
erick Juchhoff, who writes the articles
on Commercial Law for the Business
JOURNAL, delivered the commencement
address at the end of the school year
It was well received and the institution
conferred the honorary degree of Doc-
tor of Laws on Mr. juchhoff, the first
ever bestowed by that College.

WANT ADS.

School for Sale — Location in growing west-
ern city; perfect climate; well^ established;
good reputation; particularly desirable for all-
round young man; will make bim money; first-
class equipment: owner engaged in other busi-
ness; price $700: equipment alone worth $450:
terms <-n part if necessary. Address "Oppor-
tunity West." care Business Journal.

Wanted — To sell live Penna. School or interest
to good manager. Address "K," c/o Business

k/m 5 "■?-

\ * %-i % 4 % * *

(Thr Uusutrsa Journal

News Notes.

J. A. Knotts has resigned his position
in the Oklahoma State University Prep-
aratory School at Tonkawa and accepted
a position in the Omaha High School.
We trust the change will be very ad-
vantageous to Mr. Knotts.

Friend Preston writes from Lundy's
Lane, Erie Co., Pa., that he is busy
moving into his own home and will
spend the winter on his farm. Oh! for
the delights of a bucolic life!

We acknowledge with many thanks an
invitation to the quarter century anni-
versary and 2">th class graduating exer-
ises hi the Goldey School of Wilming-
ton, Del. It was held on November 22
at the Grand Opera House and judging
from the beautifully printed program
and newspaper reports sent us it was a
most enjoyable affair. In addition to a
choice musical selection and greetings
from the Mayor of Wilmington, who
was a former student of the institution,
the gathering was addressed by Dr.
Roland Dwight Grant, the well-known
orator. A handsome silver loving cup
was presented to the principal, H. S.
(ioldey, the founder of the school, on
behalf of the Alumni Association. 131
graduates received their diplomas and
two thousand people attended the gath-
ering, which proved the high esteem
and popularity which this worthy insti-
tution enjoys.

We clip the following from the Jour-
nal of the Gem City Business School,
which is a truth that the pupils of any
school can with advantage apply to
themselves :

"If you will notice the old G. C. B. C.
students who are making the greatest
success in the world, you will find that
they are the ones who applied themselves
strictly to their work while in school,
letting nothing interfere with the suc-
cess of each day's lessons."

The management of the Kansas City
National Business Show offered Gold,
Silver and Bronze medals for typewrit-
ing contests during their show, which
was held November 20 to 25 inclusive.
There was an amateur contest, copying
from printed copy for 30 minutes, and a
Championship contest for copying for a
like period open to all operators residing
or employed in Kansas City and su-
burbs.

L. E. Stacey, principal of the Mead-
ville Commercial School, of Meadville,
Pa., has just been elected Commissioner
of his county.

The Remington and Royalty.

A Model 10 Remington was taken on
the ship Medina for the use of King
deorge and Queen Mary on their trip
to India for the Delhi Durbar.

The Queen Mother of Sweden is
among the recent purchasers of a Rem-
ington.

A Letter of Appointment was recent-
ly received by the Remington Type-
writer Company which made them sup-
pliers of writing machines to His Ex-
cellency, the Right Honorable, the Baron
Hardinge, of Panthurst. Viceroy and
Governor General of India.

The Grand Duke Michael of Russia,
the Czar's cousin, is the latest of high
title to join the Remington army. He
recently bought a No. 10 Remington for
bis personal use.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
stick ink— the kind that is pitchy black on
shades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, .soft and mellow. It is made in Korea,
and is far superior to Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz bad a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this has
been placed in our hands for sale. Prices
$1.25, $2.00, $3.00 and $4.00 a stick. Enough
in one large stick to last a lifetime. Those
interested should order without delay.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg., New York City

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades :

No. 489 — very soft

No. 490 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

News Notes.

T. C. Strickland, teacher of the com-
mercial department of the Saranac Lake
High School, is publishing the third ed-
ltinii of his Twentieth Century Short-
hand Text book, and a large number of
copies are being prepared. Mr. Strick-
land has been a special teacher of com-
mercial subjects for many years past
Aside from his shorthand work, Mr.
Strickland is the author of one of the
\\ illiams & Rogers text books on Com-
mercial Law, published by the Amer-
ican Book Co., and is the inventor of
the Triumph Penholder, which secures
correct penholding automatically and
materially aids in the acquirement of
good handwriting.

The Y. W. C. A. of Chicago recent-
ly organized a commercial course in the
educational department of their west
side branch, their only commercial
course in the city, under the direction of
Mrs. Edna Z. juchhoff, wife of Fred-
erick Juchhoff, who was formerly prin-
cipal of the normal department of the
Western Iowa College, Council Bluffs.
Iowa. They are offering a variety of
industrial courses at nominal rates — $1
a year for membership and $1.50 a half
year for tuition, books furnished free.
This is an evening course and is espe-
cially for the benefit of the thousands
of young women of the shops and fac-
tories. It is anticipated that there will
be a large attendance.

W. P. Potter, of the Sparta, 111., Com-
mercial High School, writes us that
school has opened one-third better than
ever before.

By friendship I suppose you mean the
greatest love, the greatest usefulness,
and the most open communication, the
sincerest truth, the heartiest counsel and
the greatest union of minds of which
brave men and women are capable. —
Jeremy Taylor.

BUY

FROM SPECIALISTS

F. W. MARTIN CO. BOSTON

RASMUSSEN
Practical Business School

St. Paul, Mink.
Walter Rasmussen, Proprietor.

ESTERBR00K

STEEL PENS

uii lui in.

203 BROADw/y New Mdrk^,.

A STYLE FOR
EVERY WHITER

Fine Points,
Al, 128, 333, 818

At all Stationers.
Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

Works: Camden, N. J. 95 John St., N. T.

i^hr Uttsirtesa ilmuttal

ARISTOS

JANES'

SHADELESS

SHORTHAND

I ASSERT

li the best System of Shorthand for the Court, the Senate, the Office or the School. It
u the equal of any aa recarda to speed, and superior to all as to legibility and simplicity .

The many schools that have adopted it are unanimous in their praise
and all claim tli.it they have graduated betn-r writers in a shorter time,
■ ■■I their percentage of graduates. Increased their attendance and
Improved their Shorthand Departments from every standpoint. Harms-
worth Encyclopedia, the greatest authority in the world, gives Aristos
the first place in the world. If you are progressive it is worth examin-
ing anyway. I have taught Graham, Isaac and Benn Pitman. Munson &
- v as well .i- Vris - w, but I do not ask you to take mv

word for it. Examine and judge for yourself. Teacher's Course Free.
Write for particulars.

Toby's Modern Practical Bookkeeping compiled bv Edward Toby— F. A. A.
— C. C. A. especially for Public and Private Schools. Univei sities and
t "llcues has been adopted by a number of the Public Schools throughout
U.S. and by many of the leading High Standard Colleges. Aristos Short-
hand and Toby's Modern Practical Bookkeeping. Typewriting, Penmanship,
B-s ness Arithmetic. Business Letter Writing and Pract.cal English / .mo,/,; By

EDWARD TOBY,

156 Fifth Ave., Dept. 1.. New Y

F. A. A.— C. C. I
>rk City, N. Y.

Publisher,
■ Waco, Texas, Drawer 5.

Commercial Teachers' Training School.

Rochester Business Institute

We prepare and place a large class of commercial teachers every year. We
give advanced instruction in the commercial texts all through the year and
have special summer school sessions in July for methods. Send postal card
for our prospectus and bulletin.

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER,. N. Y.

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BEXXETT ACCOUNTANCY IXSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

These courses prepare for high grade office and factory accounting posi-
tions, for expert accounting practice, for C. P. A. examinations in any State,
and for teaching accountancy. Reasonable rates. Satisfaction assured.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Send far new cataligie of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

1 and Border F
Work. Letterii
30 years' exper:
SPECIAL OFFER:

rent sires and style!
'radical Show Card
e product of over
special line.
MARKING OR « AU-

TOMATIC SHADING PENS, with three colors
Ink. 1 Doz. Sheets Cross Ruled Practice Paper, 1 Alphabet Compendium
No. 102. Containing full and complete instructions for the student and beginner, also 63
plates of neat and up-to-date Alphabets and Figures for the teacher in lettering, together with
ary instructions for the Commercial Show Card Writer and Letterer. All Prepaid for

New and Complete catalogue free.
Dept. I. Pontiac. Mich.. U. S. A.

$1.75.

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co.,

^H It is necessarv for penmen dm

ig ornamental writing to have a holder adapted to

^^ that special purpose. The abc

ve holder is hand-turned and adjusted, made of

osewood or ebony, and cannot be

Tiade by an automatic laihe. LOOK FOR THE

If your dealer eannot supply you.

send to the designer and manufactures.

12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c. 8-inck - Fancy, 50c; Plana, 25c.

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North 5th Street, Quincy, 111.

GILLOTTS PENS

■Hi

No. 601 EF Magnum Quill Pen

Sold by Stationer, Everywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FIELD t CO.. Agents. 93ChambersSl.,N. Y.

STOP! READ! THINK! ACT!

Increase your salary by Home Study. "Do
it now." "Why not work -for Uncle Sam?"
Salaries $600 to $1800. Positions guaranteed.
Civil Service. Penmanship. Bookkeeping. Short-
hand, Typewriting, Engineering, Normal. Gram-
mar School. High School. Agricultural, and
College Preparatory Courses are thoroughly
taught by
tion free

Matriculation fee $5.00.
; representative at each post-

Dept. E. Carnegie College
Rogers, Ohio.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album Fori
E. H. McGHEE box 56. TRENTON N. J.

News Notes.

Andrew J. Graham & Co.. of H3.">
Broadway, New York, publishers of
Graham's Phonography, announce that
after January 1. 1912, they will conduct
examination-, for the granting of their
teacher's certificate of proficiency in
Standard Phonography. The examina-
tion may be taken by mail anywhere ami
at the teacher's convenience. Complete
details will be gladly furnished by
Messrs. Graham & Co. on application

Well merited success has attended the
efforts of S. E. Leslie, the expert pen-
man and teacher of Eastman Business
School, Poughkeepsic. X. V. He has
recently been appointed principal of the
bookkeeping department of that well-
known institution, and we heartily con-
gratulate him on his deserved p
tion.

One of the trump cards the prosecu-
tion intended to play in the McXamara
case, it is said, was a volume containing
photographic copies of alleged regis-
trations by Ortie McManigal and James
1!. McXamara in hotels throughout the
country in the last two years. A copy
of this volume is in the hands of Allien
S. Osborn, handwriting expert of Xew
York, who had been retained by the Dis-
trict Attorney at Los Angeles to gather
this evidence and place it in striking
form for the jury, as well as to testify
regarding the genuineness of the signa-
tures.

"The signatures are taken from hotels
all the way from Boston to San Fran-
cisco," Mr. Osborn said. "They com-
pletely corroborate the confession of
( >rtie McManigal. in which he said that
he visited certain cities and stopped at
certain hotels ; detectives found his
name, or one of his many aliases, upon
the hotel register just as he said they
would. In many cases, also, he had a
companion.

"According to our photographs of the
entries on the hotel registers this com-
panion registered sometimes as J. B.
McXamara. sometimes as F. J. Sullivan,
sometimes as J. B. Smith, and often as
J. B. Brice. \Ye have a score of regis-
tries all the way from the Middle Wesl
to the Pacific Coast of J. B. Brice. Th,
handwriting is that of James B. Mi
Xaniara It is so unmistakably his that
even a novice could see it.

"These registrations make interesting
comparisons. We had placed them one
beneath another for presentation to tin
jury, and they show that in registering
Brice gave his residence as Cleveland.
Cincinnati, Dayton, Columbus, or other

cities, some as far west as Seattle. So

far as we know the list gives a prettj
good history of the movements of Me
Manigal and James B. McXamara for
the past two years "

Mr. ( 'shorn had spent six week- in
preparing the volume, and had jn-
pleted it when he received word yester
day of the change of plea, lie hai
in I OS Angeles, he said, for more than

a month, hut had been kept under cover
by the prosecution, and none, outsit
the District Attorney's office, knew thai
lie was » i irking i ■ 1 1 the case

The Koreign Department of the Bur-
roughs Vdding Machine Company an-
n ium i thai u expects a million-dol-
lar foreign business for this year. The
Burroughs Companj has about 10 offices
abroad including all tne principal foreign
agents which promises a big increase in
the foreign business tins year

It^nn

5 +

Sly? ^ustttpaa 3durnal

DICTATION

Barnes' Reference and Dictation Course: ISO
business letters aggregating more tlian 35,000
words. Railroad Correspondence, Insurance,
Lumber, Electricity, etc—twenty different
lines of business. Valuable legal forms; ex-
tended lists of technical terms in various lines
of commercial work; samples of civil service
and court work. Can be used in connection
with any system, as it contains no shorthand.
Cloth binding. Price, T.'ic.

Separate Iicnn Pitman key to difficult words
.,,1,1 helpful phrases. Price, 23c.

Business Letters in Shorthand: 163 carefully
selected letters — 6:i with complete shorthand
notes. Also, 21 pages of testimony in short
hail, I with t' ■ An excellent dictatioi

especially designed for use upon completing
the theory texts. Barnes-Pitman shorthand:
t'loth binding. Price, $1.00.

Shorthand Readers: Interesting and instructive
matter in beautifully engraved shorthand
(Barnes-Pitman) with accompanying key.
Suitable for reading or dictation.

X,,. l is made up mostly of stories. Price,
80c. No. 2 contains several articles of a gen-
eral educational nature, and others of special
interest to stenographers. Price, 50c. No. '■'■
contains articles similar to those in No. 2, with
a few business letters. Pine, 50c. No. 4 is
as th i stimony portion of Busi-
ness Letters in Shorthand. Price, 30c.

Mo. 5. Just from the Press. Contains 31 articles
of a general nature, including gleanings from
popular writers, extracts from speeches, inter-
esting astronomical facts, matter used in na-
tional speed contests, etc. Price. 50c.

Shorthand teachers : Examination copies
of any of these books will be sent upon re-
ceipt of two-thirds of retail price. State name
, f school.

The Arthur J. Barnes Pub. Co.

2201 Locust St.,

St. Louis, Mo.

For OVER FIFTY YEARS have
rnaiulaiiied their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
of writing and 2 good pen-holders
sent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents.

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New York.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed for 50c. Send 2c. for circular

W E DTTNN 267EGE avenue

W. C. ^Ul\lN,jERSEYCITY, N.J

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, New York City.

News Notes.
Merritt Davis is now in charge of the
commercial department of the High
School at Salem. Oregon. He reports

that lie is having excellent S'.icce S and
has increased the enrollment of last 'ear
from 35 t" 135. This is certainlj "go-,
ing smne" and we hasten t,, congratulate
Mr. Davis.

The position of penmanship instructor
in the hiyli school of Salt Lake City,
Utah, formerly tilled by Mr. Todd, i<
now ably occupied by Herbert Peter-
sen. He writes that lie is getting up a
club "f subscribers for the 13i
JOURNAL, which, needless to say, when
received we shall much appreciate.

From Lock Haven, Pa., com ii a 1 i au
tifully written letter indited by J. G.
Christ Jt seems he is indulging in
blowing sweet symphonies from the
"Magic Flute" in the Germania Or-
chestra at the Opera House in Lock
Haven. At the time of writing lie bad
just been through the trying ircleal of
playing his instrument in that highly
reminiscent medley of Xcw York City
".Forty-five minutes from Broadway."
Apparently blowing the Mute does not
interfere with line penmanship.

"My students are well pleased with
their Journal and are getting along
nicely," writes J. D. Rice, principal of
the commercial department of the Chil-
licothe Normal School. This is the
kind of flattering comment that does
our souls good to hear. Mr. Rici a, Ms
that he has a big school and new stu-
dents are entering every week. May
the school still continue to flourish is
our sincere wish.

T. O. Kellogg, of ihe Metropolitan
Business School, Aurora. 111. heartily
endorses the Business Journal and
knows that it is going to do all of his
pupils a lot of good. He sends along
a fine list of subscribers, which proves
that his actions amply hear out Ins
words.

"The work by Mr. Mills in tin stu-
dents edition \s inspiring, and I hip,'
it will benefit a great many students."
Thus writes T. C. Knowles, principal of
the Pottsville (Pa > Commercial Sch
He sends in a tine list of subscribers
and reports that he has a large attend
ance.

The Berkshire Business School ,,i
Pittsfield, Mass.. will enter into new
quarters on the third floor of the Miller
building on Eagle Street, when the stu-
dents resume their studies on January
I. 1912. The floor has been remodelled
and the 3,000 square feet of floor space
will I,,- divided into four rooms and an
office, with cloak and toilet rooms and
closets for the accommodation of the
pupils. The main recitation room will
he about in feet square and will lie in
tin' rear of the building. Another room
of smaller size will he used for the
typewriting classes and the fourth for
recitations. Doors. convenietltlj ar-
ranged will permit of quick passagi
from room to room. The school will
occup) about one-half the tup floor
The Berkshire Business School under
tlir management of principal \Y. R. Hill
has been in its present quarters about

three \ ears, hut the constantly in, '

number of pupils have compelled the
change, which will he of great advan-

ir many reasons. We congratu-
late Mr. Hill iii" in his enterpris
trust the new location will soon have the

i doubling the attendance at this
popular and well managed institution.

Kimball's Commercial Arithmetic

Prepared for use in Normal,
Commercial and High Schools.

418 pages $1.00 net; by Mail $1.15

C P. PUTNAM'S SONS

2. 4, and 6 West 4Sth St., New York City.

I am the "Lone Star" Card Specialist Have
the most complete Mail Course in U. S. and
for the least money. I.r t me prove it. Your
name artistically written on 1.', Cards for
2oc. Send 10c for sample Yt doz. and
Agent's outfit.

Box 1268
WACO,
TEXAS

HIGGINS'J™1

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

The kind yon are sure tt ite
with continuous satisfaction.

At Dealers Generally.

•I l€pe'!?!c>r i»d 15 c»ts f.r 2 «.
= sg^ bottle bj Bail, t.

HAS. M. HIGGINS & 0., Mfr«.

271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

1 will i
for 15 <

"CARDS

asents with each order. ASENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS L" "?£?*$£.

Hand cut. Come in 20 different colors, Sample 10S
postpaid. ISc. 1.000 by express. 7Sc. Card Circular f.r

(COMIC JOKER CARDS £- »£5!

100 postpaid. 25c. Less for more. Ink, Glossy Black or
Very Best White. ISc. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
IOc. Gillott's No. 1 Pens, 10c. per doz. Lessom in Card
Writing. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN. PA.

SOLD BY MEMORY SCHOOLS FOR $10.

"MEMORY SCHOOLS EXPOSED'FREE.
MEMORY LIBRARY. BOX 706 NY. CITY

LEARN
TO WRITE

1 can teach you a rapid tir
less business hand at your
home in spare time at a small/
cost. Journal free.
F. B. COURTNEY. Cedar Rapids. Iowa.

u% lusittrsa Journal

The kind of graduates that can step out of a busi-
ness school into a new position and make good, are
the kind that build up the reputations of successful
schools. With the new Smith Premier Model 10,
where practically every operation is controlled from
the straight line key-for-every-character keyboard,
the work of writing is done solely by the hands — the
mind is free for brain work. That is why business
schools where the new Model 10 Smith Premier is
used are graduating operators whose high average of
efficiency builds up the reputations of these schools.

The Smith Premier Typewriter Co,, Inc.

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

In answering advertisements please mention Tut Business Jouenal.

l&m 5^-

i % » % * % * *

(1>1jf Husinrss iJnurnal

Record Breaking Speed and Accuracy

WORLD'S TYPEWRITING CHAMPIONSHIP won on the

UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITERS

Once each year for six consecutive years, at the Annual Business Show, Madison Square
Garden, New York City, the World's Fastest Typewriter Operators have competed for the

WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP and $1,000,00 TROPHY.
EVERY contest EVERY year in EVERY class has been won the UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER

and the following are the World's Championship Records, for one hour's writing
from unfamiliar matter, after five words were deducted for each and every error :

UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD

The winning operator may change but the winning machine is always THE UNDERWOOD

"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

OTHER RECORDS

In addition to these records, UNDERWOOD operators hold the Wold's Amateur Championship, the World's School
Championship — the English Championship, the Canadian Championship, as well as all other Official Championships.
The Official Record of the Underwood for one hour's work is 23 words per minute better than the best record of any
ether competing machine.

The Underwood Typewriter Plant Is over 50 Per Cent Larger Than Any Other.

More Underwood Typewriters are Manufactured and Sold than any other Writing Machine in the World.

November 1st,

1906

Rose L. Fritz

November 17th,

1907

« «

October 22nd,

1908

" "

September 30th,

1909

tt a

October 27th,

1910

H. O. Blaisdeli

109

October 26th,

1911

" ".

112

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Marcs.
814 pp. Cuts and illustrations. 221 differen
fully described and illustrated. $2.00. Per dc

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Botto
pp. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shi
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Cloth. Caler

nt Typewriti
lozen $18.00.

lered paper,
g machines
Postpaid.

ne. Cloth. 230 pp. 64
rthand discussed. $2.00.

by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
ass room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

P. A. Buckram.

£3.00 postpaid.

Leslie, Courtney.

tor Self-Instruction or

special rates. Stamps

Influencing Men in Bus
Illustrated. For personal

The Science of Accounts, by H. C. Bentley
860 pp. A Standard work on Modern Accountin

National Penmanship Compendium. Lessor
Moore, Dakin and Dennis. Paper, stiff cover
Schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities,
taken.

Corporate Organisation, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$8.00 postpaid.

The Every-Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
cents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 44 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushmg's Manual. The standard book on Parliamentary Law.
Should be in the hands of every man or woman. 226 pages. Postpaid.
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping. A practical work on single
and double entry bookkeeping. With all forms and tables. Cloth. 138
pp. Postpaid SI. To.

Gaskell's Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
of Penmanship. G. A. Gaskeil. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 85 cents.

Rppp's Xew Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1,500.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. 70 points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 100 pages. Office edition,
fifty 2-ct. stamps: Pocket edition, twenty-five 2-ct. stamps.

Thompson's Modem Show Card Lettering, Designs, Etc. Buy it and

sh lettering, automatic pen-shading work, with

Captivating, useful in business. Fifty 2-ct.

all pen-lettering, br
all designing. Up-to-date.
stamps.

Financing an Enterprist
to finan

by Fr;

helped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

nd promote

:is Coope

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 422
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Corporate Finance and Accounting, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A.
Buckram. 500 pages. The concrete knowledge of the practical, finan-
cial and 'egal sides of corporation accounting and treasurership. $4.00
postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 586
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip

16c.

Taylor's Compendium. The best work of a superior penman; 24
slips for self-instruction. Postpaid 26c.

The Bonk of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Engrossing contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers. More examples of magnificent engrossing than in aU
other books combined. Superb new volume, 9 x 12. Kegular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 60c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid 10c.

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery. Its detection and illustration; 300-page book, the stand-
ard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all the Courts.
Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Forty Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Alhert S. Osborn. 525 pages. 200 illus-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink.
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers of penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price.
$8.50.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. $3.7.">.

I Checks. Price.
$1.50.

Talks by

Miss Remington:

Why did I learn to typewrite on the Remington? Well, for
very much the same reasons that I learned, as a child, to talk in
English. It was the natural thing to do.

And the natural thing is also the most useful. English is more
useful to me than any other language because this "is an English
speaking country. For the same reason, proficiency on the Reming-
ton is more useful to me than proficiency on any other typewriter,
because this is a Remington using country.

It is the same the world over. Students everywhere, who learn
on the Remington, invariably find the best and readiest market for
their skill.

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere

wjFUtfW.wus*:

57 l*jm 5 +

» % ♦ % • % %f

\ 6& yK- -^ ^ -^ 3*221$ f

Pl/ffL/5HED MONTHLY AT T//E REGULAR ED f HON 7J< A YEAR

iEljr Businrss Journal

ONLY ONE TEXT -BOOK PUBLISHED

lias been able to secure the approval and recommendation of professional accountants, — only one, and
that is

"Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy"

for the reason that it is the only text published that actually teaches the principles and practices of
modern accountancy, as that term is understood by certified public accountants.

THE MANUFACTURING SET,

illustrating the first complete system of cost accounting ever published for use in schools, with all cost
accounts interlocked with controlling accounts in the general books, is ready. Let us send you sample

pages.

^'Bookkeeping and Accountancy" is not difficult. It is easier for the student and easier for the
teacher than any of the older methods. You have my personal guarantee of this, which I can back
up with the testimony of any number of teachers, — testimony over their own signatures.— 1 1. M.
Ri iwe.

BALTIMORE

Tfc? tf.TW./TJoVVZy&O. MARYLAND

20 Reasons who you should purchase

THE No. 12 MODEL

HAMMOND

I . Visible Writing. 2. Interchangeable Type. 3. Lightest Touch.

4. Least Key Depression. 5. Perfect & Permanent Alignment.
6. Writing in Colors. 7. Least Noise. 8. Manifolding Capacity.
9. Uniform Impression. 10. Best Mimeograph Work.
II Any Width of Paper Used. 12. Greatest Writing Line.
13. Simplicity of Construction. 14. Greatest Durability.
15. Mechanical Perfection. 16. Back Space Attachment.
17. Portability. 18 Least Cost for Repairs. 19. Perfect Escape-
ment. 20. Beauty of Finish. Write for Catalog

The Hammond Typewriter Co.

NEW YORK, U. S. A.

The Lyons' Accounting Series ounce

■ Eac

h par

: c

ora-

in itself.

All

four

parts

torn

No. 4

series

that

has

equal

The

use

Modern

any one will
your course,

improve
but you

Corporation

should plan

use

Accounting

the f

all course.

All four parts
characterized by thor-
ough treatment, life-
like presentation of
business, clear
planations and
tailed direction:
procedure. Easily fol-
lowed by the student.

de-

No. 3
Mercantile
Accounting

No. 2

Wholesale Accounting

No. 1

The New
Complete
Accountant

Lyons'
Bookkeeping
Parts 1 & 11

Modern
Accountant

Revised

ve offer you a cha

J. A. LYONS & CO.

57 Lp.rry) 5 7-

Ulljr lBuainpsa JJmtrnal

Teachers should write for par-
ticulars of a Free Correspond-
ence Course in Shorthand and
cop\^ of "Which System"

GLOBE AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.
NEW YORK. FRIDAY. DECEMBER 8, 1911.

ISAAC

PITMAN

SONS

have

pleasure

announcing

that

EXAMINATIONS SET FOR
NIGHT SCHOOL TEACHERS

From Jan. 2 to 4 inclusive tlie Board
of Education will hold examinations for

night school teachers for next winter,
according to the following schedule:
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.

The followmg examinations will he
held at the Beard of Education, Park
avenue and Fifty-uin.th street, Man !
battait. promptly at the time stated

Jan. 3, .' P. M.. bookkeeping linen and'
women i. —Scope of examination: prin-
ciples and practice of single and double
entry bookkeeping: commercial ariih-
metie, business practice, and common
basiness forms.

Jin. 2, 2 P M.. embroidery (wonu rrt. |
—Scope of examination: designing, illus-
trative drawing, choice of materials,
practical embroidery. %,

Jan. 2. 2 P. M., millinery (women)—
Scope of examination: Illustrative
drawing and drafting of patterns, de-
signing, textile; •manufactures, practi-
cal millinery.

Jan. 2; -J P. M., sewing and dress-
making (women),— Scope of examina-
tion: Illustrative drawing and draft-
ing of patterns, textile manufactures,
practical sewing and dressmaking,

Jan. 4 2 P. M.. stenography (men
and women!— Isaac Pitman "system
pnlvl— Scope ot examination: Princi-
ples and practice of stenography, Eng-
lish grammar and composition, coal-
men business forms.

The following will be held at Dc
Mitt Clinton High School, Tenth ave-
nue and- Fifty-ninth street, Manhattan:

Jan. 5, 9 A. M., common branches
(mom— Scope of examination: Common
elementary school branches, methods
of .teaching.

Jan. 5, 2 P. M.. English to foreigners
(meal, -viz.. to Armenians, Bohemians. 1
French. Germans, ' "Greeks. Italians:
Swedes, or Yiddish)— Scope of examiua- I
tion: Principles of education and tneth I
ods ot teaching. ~

EVENING HIGH SCHOOLS.

The following will l„ |lc|d
i — . board ol Education, Park iivemic
■•'I'd I ,i iv-niuri, street. Manhattan
. Jan. .:. :i A. M.— Aichiiectural d'ra'w.
ing (men), Scope of • examination. pr?n-

architc

l>les an. I practice
draw ing.

Jan. .1. •_• I' M.— Bookkeeping ,,„.„
and womeni Scope ,.i examination

: ' "" ".^keeping c mcroi.-H

mm.h.tiiS nl,s,lnesR Practice, and ,.

nion business forms |

Jan. 3 9 .\. M.—Coooking' (women). '

examination, chemistry of I

loods and of cooking physiology and I

liygicue. food values, physics of heat. [

prim-ipli - .in.l practice of cooking,

•Ian. L>. - I' M.— Costume il sigB
(men and \vonion). Scape of exami- I
nation, practical designing of costumes.

Jan. 3, :> A. M.— Laborntoi f . isist- ,
tint (men). Scope of examination, lab- |
ornlnrj co,iiipplent and management.!
use "1 apparatus, physics and cheui- !
ist i y.

Jan. ). 2 P. M., Spanish (men and!
women).— Scope of examination: Gram-
mar, translation, history of the litera-
ture:

.Jan. l. 2 P. M., Stenography and]
typewriting (men and women)— Scope
of examination: Principles and practice

-raidiy (Isaac Pinjn
only I, typewriting,

Engli-j
and composition, common business
form..

Applications for licenses as assistant
or as junior assistant teacher of the fol-
lowing trades in the evening high
schools may be made <>u ttiiy Tuesday
afternoon between 2 and •">. at
room 422, Board of Education, prior
to March 1, 1012: Blacksmithiug uneu
oulj i. industrial design (men and wom
nam leather croft (men and wQineu),
plumbing (men only), printing (men
only), ami trade drafting (women only).

Particulars of eligibility will bo ex-
plained to-morrow.

Pitman }s Progressive gjictator

has been adopted by the New York Board of
Education for use in the Day and Evening High
Schools and Day and Evening Elementary Schools in
all Boroughs. Teachers should note that the contract
number is 6252c. on the supply list.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, 2 West 45th St., New York.

Publishers of "Course in Isaac Pitman's Shorthand," $1.50, ti#id "A Practical Course in Touch
Typetvriting," 75c. Adapted by the New York High Schools, and also used in the Extension Teach-
ing at Columbia University.

»#♦#♦#

JUip iHusinras Journal

5 GREAT POINTS

of SUPERIORITY raise

Graham's

Standard Phonography

ABOVE ALL OTHER SHORTHAND SYSTEMS

Completeness, Consistency, Accuracy, Efficiency
and Speed make it best (or both teacher and
pupil. Our books show how and tell why.

" AMANUENSIS PHONOGRAPHY "

our latest text, is used in the stenographic classes in the

School of Industrial Arts,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

For Practical Work Graham Shorthand has
always been, and still is, Preferred by Experts.

ANDREW J. GRAHAM & CO.

Sole Publish*-
Authoritative Grahai

1135 BROADWAY

NEW YORK.

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

Scientific Touch Typewriting will do this for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

All transactions are performed with actual business
offices, where, the student gets an actual training and
experience. Business men to-day demand the finished
and experienced accountant. The BLISS SYSTEM
affords the office experience.

The Folder System is designed especially for small
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
you have examined the National.

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

every

Three c/aock minute

Fatigue

makes the
LightTouch 1

onarch

the .
typewriter of efficiency

THE light touch of the
Monarch makes good
work just a little easier tor the
operator every minute of her
working day, than is possible
with, anv other machine. This
means much more work in the
whole day and no three o'clock
fatigue. Hence, more busi-
ness, more profit. Write us
and we will write you.

Better yet, let our nearest
representative show you the
Monarch. If he isn't near
enough and you know of a
good salesman, send us his
name and address.

THE MONARCH TYPEWRITER

COMPANY Incorporated

57 Lp^rrri 5 -^

Sijr IBustttPsa Journal

ilies ami towns

In New England Alone

that have adopted

Benn Pitman Phonography

in their Public High Schools during Die present
school year | mi 112.

This is only the increase for 191 1.
The total in New England runs to

And this is a sample of the whole country.

Why not teach the Standard
now? You will sometime.

Publisht by
The Phonographic Institute Company,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Bins Pitman, Founder.
Ukomi Ii. Howard, President.

Gregg Shorthand

was adopted b) more than four hundred schools
last year public and private Every year shows
a constantly increasing demand for it. ["here is
hut one reason why that condition exist — the
efficiency <■( the system.

It- SIMPLICITY makes a strong appeal to
students, to teachers, t" schoolmen — because ii
produces quicker, more satisfactory results.

It- ACCURACY makes it popular with the
business man — because Ik- can reh upon the work
of < iregg writers.

It- SPEED make- n available for any kind of
work the stenographer wishes to do.

All .it' these qualities of < iregg Shorthand have
been conclusively proved.

Send for Booklet BJ12 which tells of Gregg
records — mailed tree.

THE GREGG PUBLISHING CO.

New York Chicago

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
:eipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Mares. Cloth. Calendered paper.
114 pp. Cut's and illustrations. 221 different Typewriting machines
ully described and illustrated. $8.00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome. Cloth. 230 pp. 84
>p. of Shorthand. F.very phase of Expert Shorthand discussed. $2.00.
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Influencing Men in Business, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
Illustrated, lor personal or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, bv H. C. Bentley. C. P. A. Buckram.
ISO pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. $3.00 postpaid.

National Penmanship Compendium. Lessons by Leslie. Courtney,
Moore. Dakin ami Dennis. Paper, stiff cover. For Self-Instruction or
schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities, special rates. Stamps
aken.

Corporate Organisation, by Thomas Conyngton. of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
iS.OO postpaid.

The Ererv-Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
ible book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
rents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
lay. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 44 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushings Manual. The standard book
Should be in the hands of every man or wor
Paper 21 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

nee of Commercial Bookkeeping.
ind double entry bookkeeping.
>p. Postpaid $1.75.
1 Gaskelis Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
if Penmanship. G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

! Ropps New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. 70 points in
Dammercial l.a». Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
Sftj 2-ct. stamps: Pocket edition, twenty live 2-ct stamps.
' Thompsons Modern Show Card Lettering, Designs, Etc. Buy it and
earn all pcn-lettcring. brush lettering, automatic pen-shading work, with
[ill designing. Up-to-date. Captivating, useful in business. Fifty 2-ct.
t. tamps.

i Financing 011 Enterprise, bv Francis Cooper. Buckram. 543 pages
Ifwo vols. How to finance and promote new or old businesses. Has
lielped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 428
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.

Gives

Parliamentary Law.
226 pages. Postpaid.

ictical work on single
With all forms and tables. Cloth. 138

.-- 'general' understanding o°f legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Corporate Finance and Accounting, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A.
Buckram. 500 pages. The concrete knowledge of the practical, finan-
cial and legal sides of corporation accounting and treasurership. $4.0U
postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 686
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, bv F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

Tayior'.! Compendium. The best work of a superior penman; 24
slips fo'r self-instruction. 1'ostpaid 86c.

The Book of nourishes. The gem of its kind; 112 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3.000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Ena-rossma contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers More examples of magnificent engrossing than in a'l
other books combined. Superb new volume, y x 12. Regular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 50c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postp..

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery. Its detection and illustration: 300-page book, the stand-
aid text of its kind. The authority recognized by all the Courts.
Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $8.50.

Forty Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Quesll , , bv Albert S. Osborn, 525 pages, 200 illus-

trations Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers of penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $o.2o.
Bibliotics or the Study of Documei sifoi Frazer. Price.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. $3.75
Courtney U, cling Forgery and Raised tin

$1.60.

ks.

(5l|? Suamraa Journal

Ready in February

EXPERT TYPEWRITING

A Complete Course in Touch Typewriting.

By ROSE L. FRITZ, winner of thirteen consecutive Championship Typewriting Contests, and

EDWARD H. ELDRIDGE, Ph. D, Head of Department of Secretarial Studies,

Simmons College, Boston, Author of "Shorthand Dictation Exercises."

The aim of this comprehensive course is to
give the student the two prime essentials of a
good typewriter operator, — accuracy and speed,
— but accuracy has never been sacrificed to speed.
The work has been developed constantly and
progressively, each lesson being planned to teach
some definite thing.

The book consists of forty lessons, divided into
two parts: Part I, the elementary course, and
Part II, the advanced course. Part I, consisting

of thirty-two lessons, is complete in itself, and
may be used in night school or other short
courses, where the time spent in typewriting is
not sufficient to complete the entire text. It is
intended to make the student a thorough touch
writer, and enable him, with moderate speed, to
enter upon the duties of an operator in a business
office. Part II deals more fully with present
day business methods, and furnishes a great
amount of material for the acquiring of speed.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

IMPORTANT TO MUNSON TEACHERS AND LEARNERS!

Just from the press, SELECTION'S FROM LINCOLN'S SPEECHES AND LETTERS, a reading
book of up-to-date Munson Phonography, beautifully engraved, carefully printed, substantially bound in cloth,
128 pages, postpaid .75

HOW TO MAKE A LIVING, likewise a new Munson reading book, 136 pages, postpaid .75

PRACTICAL PHONOGRAPHY, a complete text-book of Munson Phonography, simple, direct, and
eminently practical, 233 pages 1.00

PHONOGRAPHIC EXERCISE BOOK, to be used in conjunction with "Practical Phonography," con-
taining some 8500 words and phrases in longhand as they occur in the text-book, with space for phonographic
outlines and teacher"s corrections, postpaid .30

A sample copy of any or all of the foregoing books will be sent to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, upon receipt of one-half the retail price.

SOME OF
THE OTHER

PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

One Hundred Lessons in English

$1.00

Prepared to meet the
sckools, and intended to provide students with those
essentials of practical English required in business
intercourse. Especially adapted to the teaching of
correspondence.

Packard's Progressive Business Prac-
tice, four numbers, each, - $0.30

The New Packard Commercial Arith-
metic - - - $1.50

Recognized as tke standard work on the subject.

The Packard Commercial Arithmetic,

School Edition - - $1.00

Packard's Short Course in Bookkeep-
ing .... $1.00

Packard's Advanced Course in Book-
keeping - - - $1.25

Roth remarkable for their clearness and practical

Packard's Bank Bookkeeping'

A reliable exposition of banking as carri
the present day.

$1.25

LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO SCHOOL

Any of the above books will be sent to teachers, for em-
nation, upon very reasonable terms.
Correspondence invited.

S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

I,' . .!■.,! !|..iil.,! I' J . . " : ~~ ' " "

HlISINRS|(lll

36th Year

FEBRUARY, 1912

No. 6

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.

By Harrington Emerson.
SHALL begin by telling you three things that
efficiency is not. First, efficient is not strenu-
ousness; strenuousness is the accomplishment
of a slightly greater result by a very much
greater effort. Efficiency is the accomplishing
of a very much greater result by very much less effort.

A man can easily walk three miles an hour. If I were
to place a task for a man. about the maximum that he could
perform, I would say four miles an hour, with perhaps six
hours a day. and would give him his choice of walking
three miles an hour for eight hours, making the total of
twenty-four hours a day. That is quite enough for any man,
a postman or messenger, for instance, to walk day in and
day out. A piece-rate of ten cents a mile would encourage
some men to try to walk live miles an hour during the six
hours, accomplishing thirty miles in the course of the day,
thus earning three dollars. Five miles an hour, however,
is too much for anybody to walk. If I should walk five
miles an hour, I should want to rest a week. To the man
who should want to go more than four miles an hour, I
would give a bicycle. The slow speed of a bicycle is ten
miles an hour. It is more than twice as much as the most
strenuous speed for the walker. A man on a bicycle could
speed lip to twelve or lit teen miles an hour. In fact, there
is one man who rode 390 miles in less than twenty hours —
more than twenty miles an hour for the whole time he was
on the road. This is the extreme of human endurance. He
had prepared months in advance and rested weeks after-
ward; that is strenuous riding of the bicycle. But, by the
time my bicycle rider had come up to twelve or fourteen
miles an hour, i would give him a motorcycle, and I would
have to station a policeman at the cross-roads to prevent
his exceeding the speed limit. The difference between
strenuousness and efficiency is here shown.

I have seen girls digging the earth with their hare hands,
the only implements being their finger-nails, and it look a
long, hard-day's work to accomplish any results whatever.
I have also seen, afterward, on the Western prairies, several
modern engines dragging a gang-plow of fiftj one shares
and turning over a whole section of land in thirt) six hours.
That plow could do more work in thirty-six hours than ten
thousand girls could accomplish with their finger-nails in
the whole period of their lives, and yet the girls with their
finger nails were working strenuously, and the man with
the plow was doing what is called gentleman's work.

The rooster, when you chase him. flutters over the low-
neighboring fence, and is easily caught in some corner. He
is strenuous. If his ancestors knew how to fly, they have
forgotten it long ago. The eagle, who flies hour after hour,
in the blue sky, and never flutters a pinion, is efficient. The
Chinese woman who bears ten children and only raises two
of them to maturity, is strenuous The condor, who lavs

but a single egg once in several years, and brings up her
baby egglet until it knows how to fly, is efficient.

Another thing that efficiency is not, it is not systematic.
There is very much confusion between efficiency and system.
To illustrate tins. 1 will tell you a story— a true story of the
Spanish war. A young doctor was sent to tuba. He went
to a hospital, and found men dying of their wounds by the
hundreds— dying of typhoid fever, dying of yellow fever.
There was no medicine, no quinine and no dressings, and, in
a frenzy of anxiety and eagerness, he sent a requisition to
Washington. When the vessel returned, he found the sup-
plies had not been sent. He could scarcely believe it. He
hunted around, and, after a while, he went hack to his office.
He found there an official envelope awaiting him. He
opened it. The letter Stated: "What you ordered requires
Form No. 23, and you wrote the requisition on Form No.
:.'.". Please make it out again on the correct form and send
it to us." The letter continued to state that they would
then till the order. Then, for the second time, he sent his
requisition. However, he sent it this time with no such
anxiety, no such eagerness, no such hope. After waiting
for a long time the return of the vessel, he was not sur-
prised to again receive no supplies. He went hack to his
office, and found an official message, which read: "If you
had properly observed the regulations, you would have
added and summarized the items in Column 5, but you have
summarized them in Column 7. Please correct requisition,
send it ill the proper form, and we will fill it" After that,
the doctor lived not to save the lives of the soldiers in the
hospital, but to make out requisitions in accordance with the
red-tape of the Government. He had been diverted from an
efficient physician to a systematic one.

encj has made il possible to meet new conditions in
a new manner. System, therefore, should always he sub-
ordinated to efficiency. Throughout the world it is not.
Disorder!) souls have been guided by strenuousness. and
system had to take a hand and accomplish a good deal. But
to-day, efficiencj has to make its way against the opposition
of the strenuousness and against the much more dangerous
opposition of the systematic.

Lastly, efficiency is nol materialistic. It does nol primarily
rest upon intensified use of such crude instruments as land,
labor and capital; but rests upon ideas and the use of
imagination.

Efficiency is, therefore, not strenuous, not systematized.
not materialized. Efficiency is that gift which enables us,
by intense thinking, to accomplish a maximum of result with
the least effort and the least waste.

Now, let me tell you how I work when I am called into
a plant to give benefits of efficiency. TlnTe are four essen-
tials that apply to every plant :

1. The first essentials are the aims or ideals that must
be definite and clear.

2. There must be an organization to attain or maintain
all the ideals.

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Usually the lir-t thing we do is to ask the manager:
"Wli.it are your aims? What are you trying to do? Shall
ttt tell yen. or will you tell lis. what you are trying to do?"
If lie tells us that Ji i — aims and ideal- are breaking open
hank sates and taking the contents'; then I say : "Verj well,
that i- definite. We understand each other thoroughly now.
We will adhere to that ideal." We often find, however,
that tile ideals are not clear, are not well defined. A mer-
chant might try to do three or four things at the same time.
He might be trying to sell a large quantity of mediocre
goods. At aiiotln r time he might change his mind, and try
to sell a small quantity of high-grade goods. But we want
In- own statement of what he is trying to accomplish; we
want to know if it is his ideal to sell a large quantity with
small profit or a small quantity with a large profit, for the
whole management of the business will depend on these
two ideals.

Xow we come to the organization. We generally find
that the organization is haphazard, lop-sided, imperfect: that
certain men are trying to do a great many things that do not
belong in their department : other men have been misplaced.
We often find that the organization is predominated by rela-
tives, a sort of asylum, with workers placed with no refer-
ence to their ability or integrity.

We next investigate the equipment. What is the equip-
ment that has been given to the organization to accomplish
the results? The equipment consists of men, materials,
money, machinery and methods.

Finally then, we come to the main requirement, which is
a strong, able executive, a single individual, or it may be
a board of directors, or a committee. A strong executive
maintains the aims and supplies the stimulus to the organiza-
tion, which, in turn, furnishes the necessary equipment.

All these matters are generally defective, and they can-
not be rapidly changed. But, assume we find satisfactory
condition-, we next apply to each one of them the twelve
principles of efficiency. Take, for instance, a bank burglar.
I tell him that the first principle of efficiency is high ideals.
1 ask bun if his ideal is compatible with the first principle
of efficiency. The second principle of efficiency is common
sense, or good judgment: and again. I ask him if it is com-
patible with the principle of common sense to choose bank
burglary as a profession?

The third principle of efficiencj is competent counsel, and
I ask him where he got counsel that the business of break-
ing into bank- would be a good one.

The fourth principle is discipline, which means the wel-
fare of society, and 1 ask him whether breaking into banks
is good discipline. Hi- business come- in contact with dis-
cipline only when lie is caught red-handed, and sent up.

The fifth principle of efficiency i- fair dealing, and 1 a-k
him whether breaking into a bank i< fair dealing

If. at the very -tart of In- business lie neglects the first
live principles, how can I apply for him the other practicable
principle- of records and planning, standardized conditions
and operations, standard records and instructions, and the
efficiency rewards?

Then we come down to the organization itself, and we

appl) to each part of the organization the -aim te-t of the
twelve principle- We apply it to tin- aim-, we apply it to
every man and ever) move, and after we finish with the
organization, we appl) it to the equipment, to each ma-
chine, to ,-ii| the materials, to all the methods, and then we

go to the executive and we apply the twelve principles to
him By this time we have made that survey, the whole
organization look- a great deal like a sieve — there are holes
in it everywhere: there are leaks everywhere: some ol
them are large; some of them small; and the first thing
to do is to stop the larger leaks. When the) are -topped.
we stop the les-er leaks and keep busy until all the leaks
are -topped. Trying to increase the efficiency of a plant
with a sieve-like organization is very much like carrying
water in a pail filled with holes. You cannot go very far.
That i- the way the principles of efficiency are initially
applied.

The next thing to do is to divide all the rest into threc-
-nuple categories

1. Material- or supplies
-. Personal services.

X General charges.

If a man should lose in Wall Street half his fortune to-
day, and to-morrow he should lose half of what remained.
and the next day half of that, he would \cr\ soon come to a
small number of dollars.

Some time ago I went to England to sell a large mine in
which some of my friends in the West were interested. A
man had cabled to me to come over at once, and 1 went. I
had been offered a commission of $100,000 if I should suc-
ceed in selling the mine. 1 met this young man at the rail-
road station. He was quite young — about twenty-two war-
old — and he started to a-k me about the mine. He said:
"1 have a friend who i- a solicitor. I will introduce you to
him, and he will immediately place it. if we place this mine,
do I get half the commission?" I said: "Yes." So now
I am down to a $50,000 basis. He took me clown to the
solicitor, a very able man. All the papers were looked over.
A new statement was prepared, and he said: "I will meet you
next week, on Monday, in London I have a friend who
puts these things through. By the way, do 1 get half the
commission?" I -aid: Yes; 1 will give you half." 1 am
now down to $2.',, 000.

I met him m London, and he took me to a very polite
solicitor, who punched a number of holes in the proposition,
showed me that there were other and better mines in Xew
Zealand, in Australia, and in other parts of the world, and
that my proposition was no hater than there'-. He then
said :

"We can put the proposition through. I think: it looks
favorable to me. By the way, do I get half the commis-
sion?" I -aid: "Yes." Xow I am down to a $13,500
basis

Two days afterward he took me to see Mr Wright, one
of the great promoter- in England. Mr Wright -aid to
me: "Mr. Emerson, you are wasting your time in Lond »
You could not tlo.it the best gold mine iii America here
There i- no market for American securities. I advise you
not to waste another da) Take this up sometime ill the
future, but not m >w "

1 came back with the mine unsold. I did not earn the
money — even the $12, .".no. Mr. Wright would have gotten
three-quarters of that. Here you have an illustration of
dependent sequences — half and half and half.

For every article of material of equipment there are Fbur
efficiencies :

i Efficienc) of Pric

2. Efficienc) of Supply.

:: Efficienc) of Distribution.

i Efficienc) oi Use.

I can illustrate this best b) railroad time table- One of

the great railroad purchasing agents once -aid that, looking
around, he had been able to reduce the COSl of the printing
of the time tables 30 irr cent. Therefore, the efficiency of

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ihe printing was only 7ii per cenl A great many more time
tables were- printed than were needed. Many of the time
tallies were not taken away from the printers. There was an
over-supply of at least one-fifth. The efficiencj oi supply,

therefore, was only 80 per cent

Now, these time tables were distributed everywhere

When one wanted a leaflet, he must take the whole time-
table. Sometimes he would take three time tables. The
efficiency of distribution was found to be as 1<>\\ as 50 per
cent. The efficiency of use was also found to be one half.
N'ow. if you multiplj Tn b> 80, the first two efficiencies, it
brings you down to 56 per cent.; multiply that b\ ."111, and
you are down to L'S per cent., and this by 50 again and you
have 14 per cent. — the cost "f making time tables lie hill
amounts to as much a- the hill for the renewal of the steel
rails, for their renewals -how pnlj an efficiency of :.>.", per
cent.

I wenl tn a new England textile mill a'fe« daw ago
They took me through the null, through the machine shop,
through the departments of textile work, and when I came
back the superintendent said to me: "What do you think of
it?" I had to answer either that they were the finest ever,
thus confirming them in all their results, or of telling of
some small defect. 1 chose the latter. 1 said that I did nol
think that their machine shop was very efficient. They im-
mediately took offense The master mechanic said: "This
is a repair shop. I),, you realize what its purpose is." Do
you reali/e that our duty is to repair all the machinery that
breaks down, and it does not make am difference what it
costs. We cannot put in a lot of records, planning and
efficiency rewards and all that stuff. We must keep the mill
going." Before I had a chance to reply, he said: "Let
us go into the machine shop, and show me what you mean."

It is not uaturalh easy to point out a concrete case of
inefficiency, but 1 went out with him. ami stopped at tin-
very first machine, ami watched it for a minute or so.
There was a die. a little hit of steel, and the tool was making
a long stroke back and forth, cutting air three-quarters of
the time and the metal one-ipiarter of the time. The
efficiencj of the stroke was onl) 30 per cent. The tool was
moving very slowl) back and forth There was no reason
why it should not have been going like a sewing machine.
The efficiencj of the speed was onl) :::'. per cent. They had
a diamond-pointed tool that was taking off a sixty-fourth
of an inch, almost as line as human hair. 1 could not see
why they could not take 'iff an eighth of an inch. The
efficiencj of the tied was onl) 25 per cent. The) were tak-
ing four cuts where two cuts would have been sufficient, a
roughing out and a smoothing cut The efficiencj of the
number of cuts was 50 per cent You multiplj :;.: b) 30
anil you get in per cent., and multiply that by 25 and you
get 'J'.- per cent., and then you multiply that b) 50 per cent
and you get l'j per cent., and in this repair shop a machine
was taking eight} times as long as they had any business to
take. I then said: "The way you are running this shop
makes anything possible. In your -hop the machines .ire
cutting air three-quarters of the time, the tool is taking off
but 1/64 of an inch and taking four cuts where two would
be sufficient. That illustrates the dependent sequence as
relating to machine labor

This is the general outline of the mo, I rn teaching of
efficiencj. We are just on the threshold of the work When
We go into the plant, we properlj and rightly tell the pro-
prietor that we know the state of the art up to tile present.
that we can give him the best help that modern knowledge
affords in putting his plant on an efficient basis, hut when
we come back to our own office and we face the other way
and look at the problem as it stretches out before us. we
see that we are just on the threshold of knowledge, that

the fog is gradually lifting, and the case is far beyond any-
thing we have ever seen. The efficiency of the material, the
efficiency of the wage-earner, the efficiency of the equipment,
the efficiency of the ideals of the organization, of the execu-
tive—each problem in itself, the solution of which surpasses
the skill of the most gifted genius.

We are just at the present time beginning to study the
difference between energizing work and elevating work, and
particularly the difference between men or women taking up
the work they are not fitted for and taking up work for
which they are. To begin with that latter problem: Sup-
pose I wanted to develop a race horse If 1 should have the
best kind of a mile track, if I should make beautiful turns,
and elevate them mathematically, if I should construct the
best kind of a sulky, if some skillful blacksmith should
make the proper kind of shoes, and a harnessmaker the best
harness, if I should have the best kind of a stop-watch that
would record the 1/100 paTt of a second— if I had all these,
1 would not accomplish much if 1 was working on some
ordinary plug of a horse, (hi the other hand, if I had no
track but a country road, no wagon but a spring wagon, no
harness but an ordinary harness, hut if 1 had a thorough
bred horse to begin with, the result might astonish the world
The difference between what a man can do when he is
adapted to his work and what he can do when he is not
adtipteil to his work is almost infinite, and that illustrates
the point between energizing and elevating work, the point
we are just beginning to study.

There is an old German saying that every barber is a con-
servative and every tailor a radical. The barber, not only
shaves every customer's face, but he dresses his hair, fixes
his wig, looks after his dress, bleeds him— in fact, often acts
as surgeon as well as barber. Barbers are busy on their
feet all day. talking about the latest news and discussing
topics of the day. When a man of that kind goes home, he
is thoroughly satisfied to become a peaceful citizen: but
the tailor, who sits down all da) long with his legs crossed.
sewing in some room — when he finishes his work, he has to
go out and raise a disturbance of some manner, to let out
the fatigue poisons he has accumulated.

Mr Schneider, of Cincinnati, went into a mill in New
England, and. pointing to one of the departments, said to
the owner: "There is the department where all the troubles
begin. Those men are disorder!) The) start up the strikes.
The) are bad family men." The owner of the plant said:
"That is perfectly true, hut how did you know it'-" Mr.
Schneider replied: "The conditions of the work are such
that it is impossible that they can be otherwise. It is so
nois) that these men cannot even hear one another speak.
Necessarily, they accumulate such an amount of fatigue
poison that it is impossible for them to settle down and
lead peaceful lives."

Here is an incident in mj own experience Recently 1
went into a large mill in Cincinnati in which the girls had
been very difficult to teach discipline. They were trouble-
some, the) were disorderly, and would not stay. The super-
intendent, who was wise, one morning put a large Maltese
cat in the room, and when the girls came around they did
not know how the cat got there, and adopted it as their pet.
The superintendent said that the cat had better be removed,
but the girls wanted to keep it. The cat was on a shelf, and
jumped off at periods to one of the girls. One girl stopped
work and gave the cat to the next girl, and then passed it
all around. This gave the girls a rest of two or three min-
utes Then the cat went hack to her place. This time had
sufficient to stop the accumulation of the fatigue
poisons. This rest of two or three minutes made all the
difference in the world, and all trouble ceased. The cat re-
mained, and did not have to come hack.

t •

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A GOOD STENOGRAPHER.

By Winifred Black.

Miss Emma Brown, of Chicago, writes to the papers of
that city and asks what she shall do.

"I am a stenographer," says Emma Brown, "and a good
stenographer, too. But I can't keep work because I'm thirty
years old — too old, they all say, to get and keep a good place
in a good office. What shall I do, commit suicide or do house-
work for a living?"

Now, Emma what's at the bottom of all this, honest and
truly, now, what's the matter with you and your work?

A good stenographer and can't get work because you are
thirty?

Why, I know at least a dozen busy men who would give
their last year's hat — and you know how a man clings to his
last year's hat — for a good stenographer — a good one, mind —
and they don't one of them care a shaving of a copper cent
whether that stenographer is thirty, thirteen or sixty.

They wouldn't know, either, when it came right down to
it, unless the stenographer took up their time by telling them
the date of her birth.

Good stenographers are about as rare in this day as good
maple sugar or real honey in the real comb.

What do you call a good stenographer, Emma? A quick-
tempered, sensitive, disagreeable creature who can write like a
machine, and be as hateful about staying five minutes after
the regular hour as if she were a rattlesnake instead of a
woman?

A sneaky person who always whispering in corners about
the boss's business, and giggling about the boss's wife, and
sniffing at the idea that the boss knows enough to go in when
it rains, even if he does earn enough to pay you a fairly decent
salary?

What do you call a good stenographer, Emma? A silly,
self-conscious person with a powder rag in her stocking and
a head so loaded down with curls and puffs and combs that
there's no place left for anything but a make-believe hat?

What do you call a good stenographer, Emma? A gossip-
ing, meddlesome, insinuating, acrimonious old maid, who can
take shorthand all right but who can't keen her mind off the
altairs of every other man, woman and child in the office to
save her life?

What do you call a good stenographer, Emma? A pretty
girl who is too amiable to learn to spell, and who thinks it a

6 1 joke when her employer has to tell her how to write

"Pierpont," if he happens to be writing about the head of
ili'' house of Morgan?

What do you rail a u I stenographer, Emma? A woman

who lias never heard ..f the Panama Canal, or of William
Jennings Bryan, or of Gaby Deslys, or of am- other earthly
human being but the "girls" in the dancing club, or the "boys'"
:u the social reunion?

\ good, capable, intelligent, hard-working stenographer,
"Ml of a job because she's thirty!

I don't believe it, Emma. I really can't you know.

Whisper! What is the real reason? We'll never tell.
Jealous of the younger girls in the office and getting them set
against each other?

A clock watcher, a mischief maker, bad spelling, too many
telephoning friends? What is it? Do tell us. Emma, you've
roused us to the pitch of frenzy, you really have.

But thirty years old, and that's the reason? Please don't
be angry, Emma, if I stop to smile.— New York American.

TRANSCRIPT OF SHORTHAND NOTES IN THE
JANUARY JOURNAL.

As a rule, most shorthand systems omit all silent letters. In
spoken words, the sounds of these letters do not appear.
This forms one kind of abbreviation. Then, again, the most
important or most suggestive letters are indicated. This re-
duces the labor of writing some words considerably. Now let
a small straight stroke represent some frequently occurring
letter like t for instance, and a curved stroke for fori; let
the vowels be indicated in a similarly appropriate manner, and
one has a brief mode of wriiing which does not require very
rapid execution to put words down with great facility. The
lesson to be derived from this is that one should master most
thoroughly the elements of his system. Learn the plan of
word representation. This should include the representation of
the syllable; for words are but a series of syllables, and the
one who fails to grasp each syllable as it falls from the lips
nf the speaker and to instantly construct its outline or repre-
sentation, will always have trouble in writing. The one who
can do all this is well on the way to his shorthand destina-
tion : but let there be the slightest hesitation — shorthand stam-
mering— and the writer is lost. Learn your system ; learn its
plan. Let your speed madness vent itself on the rapid execu-
tion of lessons learned.

Munson Notes by the Huntsinger School, Hartford, Conn.

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STENOGRAPHER REFUSES TO TRANSCRIBE
NOTES OF A SPEECH.

Miss Gray, a public stenographer, of Flemington, N. J., has
unwittingly made herself the storm centre of one of the most
furious local campaigns in New Jersey. It seems a series of
persistent attacks have been made upon Senator Gebhardt and
they became so strong that he decided to make a speech and
clear the matter up. A big mass meeting was called to be
held at Clinton, N. J., and the Senator came loaded to the
muzzle with the speech of his life. He had Miss Gray, the
young woman stenographer, at a table under his platform to
take it all down. He also arranged with the local paper that
the transcribed notes were to be sent over and published,
every word of it, and then the papers were to be distributed,
without regard to the size of the special edition, among all tha
voters of the county.

The day after the speech was made, the editor had his
typesetters at their cases bright and early to set up Miss
Gray's verbatim report. People were anxiously waiting for
the edition and an army of distributors were on hand to
rush the copies through the neighborhood. When they
opened the sheet to see how the speech was made up, they
found the introduction to be all that could be desired. It told
of the meeting, what a monster it was, with what enthusiasm
the Senator had been received and all that kind of thing, but
the verbatim report of the speech in full showed up in this
way :

"Senator Gebhardt spoke as follow-:
"Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen, and Ladies — I hardly know
where to begin in my speech. The reason why I hardly
know where to begin is because this is the strangest polit-
ical campaign that I have ever seen in my experience. If
a stranger were to come into Hunterdon County, not
knowing anything of the situation here, he would assume,
of course, that I was running for some political office
because you see but little except Gebhardt in the news-
papers, even now, when the campaign is * * * HERE
WE ARE STOPPED."
The remainder of the two columns in which the speech
of the Senator was to appear was given up to an explanation
as to the wherefore of that "Here we are stopped." The
explanation showed that at that point there had been a sudden
stoppage in the supply of "copy." Miss Gray strolled in to
the editor'- room and faltered, blushing, to the thunderstruck
editor: "I'm afraid I can't give you any more of my notes,
you see I'm a public stenographer. The other side, as well as
your side, engaged me to take notes of the speech. I took
the notes for you just as I said I would. But when the other
side heard 1 was transcribing them to be printed in "The
Democrat" they called me on the 'phone to 'quit that," and I
think I had best quit right where I am."

They tried to persuade her to change her mind, but she
was proof against all entreaties, and the rest of the Senator's
illuminating speech is still lost in the hentracks of her note
book. One old hayrake politician remarked, "She be a brave
girl to hit the boss a'twixt the eyes with that ar note book of
her'n. It served him good an' right and it took a woman to
give it to him."

Miss Gray, by her refusal to transcribe the notes, has been
subjected to much adverse criticism, and the other side, who
prompted her to do it, published an apologetic advertisement
for her as follow ? :

"Mr Bloom and his friends express themselves as as-
tonished at this method of throttling such a public matter
as this, and while they do not want to criticise Miss Gray
in her action, and are willing to attribute her action to
inexperience in such matters, they believe the public will
unite in its opinion that in this art Miss Gray has been

in the wrong, and that those who had the power to make
her act as she did, in suppressing a speech, which she
had agreed to transcribe for Mr. Bloom, were not acting
in her true interest, as she has been and is a woman of the
highest honor and integrity, and no word of this cam-
paign management is intended to be uttered against her,
but in justice to Senator Gebhardt and those whose cause
he advocates they do think that this explanation and these
methods of 'the other side' should be made public.''

Graham Notes by Andrew J. Graham & Co., New York.

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A LESSON IN ENGLISH.
A mannikin's a little man;

That simple fact no one would stump,
Hut a napkin's not a little nap,

And a pumpkin's not a little pump

A starling is a little star:

That's very plain to any chump.
But a stripling's not a little strip,
\nd a dumpling's not a little dump.

Xow. silkaline is nearly silk:

That any fool could quickly guess,
Bui Pearline's nothing like a pear.

Nor messaline almost a mess.

A kidlet is a little kid;

That's seen by e'en the dullest mut,
But a hamlet's not a little ham.

And a cutlet's not a little cut

A princess is a lady prince:

But it is not held by any bloat
That a mattress is a female mat,

Or a buttress is a nannygoat.

Oh, English, you are strangely made:

You're not a tongue for gumps and fools,

I'll never master you, I'm afraid —
You've more exceptions than you've rules.

— New York Globe.

t ♦ 0 ♦ #

Slje iBuHtnrsa iluurnal

HOW TO LEARN TOUCH TYPEWRITING.

Accuracy.

By J. E. Fuller, Wilmington, Del.

Author " The Touch Writer."

[Continued from January Journal.)

Another fault is holding the wrists too high or too low.
With the u ri.st too low, there is a tendency to strike the key
in the hank above the one wanted; with the wrist too high
the opposite tendency crops out, making the blows fall short,
or causing the linger to strike a glancing blow- on the right
key and then slip off and strike the one below. The wrists
should be about level. To accomplish this, adjustments in the
height of tables and chairs ought sometimes to be made
Occasionally the pupil needs to be told to sit nearer to or
farther from the machine, in order that the hands may
assume their proper position. Of course, these are general
observations, but they are of much importance as bearing
upon the matter of accuracy.

A great many errors may be traced to the fact that the
(earner does not keep hi-, hands in the correct position with
reference to the guide keys, (a) and ( ;). His accurate
knowledge of the keyboard and his automatic lingering are
set at nought when he loses proper position. The preceding
paper pointed out the necessity of learning all keys with
reference to their direction and distance from a and i. Now,
if you find the learner striking keys either to the right or
to tile left of the one he should have struck, it is quite
likely that he has failed to keep the right position with
reference to the guide key. To illustrate: Suppose the word
"wax" is to be written. With the little finger on a at the
start, the operator reaches up with the third finger to strike
the W\ he then strikes the a with tin- fourth linger, and
then the X, in the lower bank, with the third linger. Hut
suppose he should misplace his left hand very slightly, letting
the little linger re-t on s instead of a, at the beginning: the
same blows that lu- struck before — the directions and dis-
tance being right — he gets the letters esc instead of wax.
In such case there is nothing wrong with his head work nor
with his lingering, except that he started from the wrong
point. In tin' old days our fathers used to say, "If you
button your waistcoat wrong at the top it will come out wrong
at the bottom," and tin- ,s certainly true as applied to the
lingering of a typewriter.

The student is often tempted to try a burst of speed, and
this i- sure to result m errors. \o operator can write a)
curatcly faster than he can think accurately. Of course,
with an invariable method of lingering, there comes a time
in the development of the expert typisl when much of the
writing is almost automatic; but I have reference here to the
lower grades of skill The power to control the lingers when
writing rapidly is of slow growth. The only safe rule is
for each student to keep his speed down to that rate at
which his mind i- master of the situation. He should not
strike until he has thought definitely.

Of course, some errors are traceable to nervousness ami

Others to fatigue; but with these the teacher has little to do

There is no cure for nervousness in typewriting except the

development of confidence. Inspire that and the trouble
usually ceases. The tired operator will make errors, and the
only cures are rest ami the development of endurance.

From what cans, arise such errors as transposed letters.

such as aer for are, hie for live, etc.: substituted termina-
tions, such as acting for action, bly for ble, etc: striking
with the wrong hand, such as i instead of e, I instead of s,—
making the word read hill instead of bell, work instead of
word— omission of the lir.il letter of a word when the pre-

ceding word ended with the same letter: i. e., that his
instead of that lias' I am inclined to think that the greatei
part of this is due to carelessness, or inattention, or divided
attention. Some of these errors creep into the work of
many earnest students, and the same t> pes of error are
noticeable in the work of some experienced and skillful
operators Concentration is. 1 believe, the onlj cure. Care-
ful, interested, genuine, review practice of lingering exercises
and word drills will sometimes work wonders.

The student should be taught to classify his errors as far
as possible and to try to trace each to its source. If he can
tell to which one or more of the four contributing cause-
named at the beginning of this article his errors are due. he
will generally be able to find and apply the proper remedy.

The teacher who. in addition to being a skillful diagnos
tician of these ills of inaccuracy, succeeds in developing in
his students the habit of self-study for the elimination of
faults in technique has earned the right to be called a real
teacher of typewriting.

Isaac Pitman Notes by E. H. Craver. Paterson, N. J.

b.:.i.l.

l/-kr-N\\^

\..«\

"vTV

^..^wv^^

~:..^.s\j7?\ \-^j^l y~\. . -s,

veracity

convey ance

insectivi irous

attachment

presumption

intangible

usage

discontinue
abstinence

impertinence
\ eheineiice
retribution

Words Everyone Should be Able to Spell.

hamois

imperiously

abuse

ni iiiieiii'lature

rivalry

maintenance

pertinacity

lnteiisn e
maelstrom
angular
obtuse

culmination

fall as ci irpUS

quorum

panacea
boatswain

redoubtable

scientillation

ubiquity

souvenir
obeisance

bulwark
alpaca

ippi

iximate

appare

consummate
anecdote

espionage
pfl ilioseis

acquiesce
idios_\ ncrasy
miscellany
plagiary

■ fbs< 'lilies

withal

amanuensis

57 Lpjty) 5 -^

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.
Use your mind ai well »s ycur muscle.

A BRIEF COURSE IN BUSINESS WRITING.
By H. W. Flickinger.

Pciiholding —Hold the pen lightl) between the thumb and
first and second fingers; the holder resting against the first
finger at the knuckle joint: the end of the thumb pressing the
holder a little below the first joint of the first ringer. The
holder should cross the second finger at the top of the nail.
Fingers should touch each other :;t the second joint. The
slant of the penholder should agree with the slant of the main
downward lines.

\s the position of the hand and arm are so intimately re-
lated to penholding, thej will be considered in this connection
The Hand Rest varies hither rest the nails of the third and
fourth fingers upon the paper or allow the little finger nail
only to touch it. Some excellent writers rest the hand upon
the first joint of the little finger

The Arm should re~t upon the muscles just below the elbow
The Wrist should be near the table but must never touch it
The Elbow Joint should extend over the edge of the table.

Position. Front position.- Sit nearly upright, facing the
table, but do not allow the bodj to touch it. Elbows extend-
ing oxer the edge of the table: forearms at right angles t<
each, other; left hand resting Oil the paper; feel flat on the
door, the left foot a little in advance of the right.

Other positions may be properlj assumed al times, but the
front position is the most natural and the most healthful.

may find it necessary, however, to adopt the left side position
while writing in large hooks.

Movement : Clear and graceful lines are the result of an
easy movement. Examine two specimens of writing: they
max' have equal merit as far as the correct formation of let-
ters is concerned, but observe how much clearer the lines and
smoother the shades of one than the other What constitutes
the difference? Movement < >ne was slowlj drawn, while
the other was written with a free movement in a fraction of
the time required to produce the other. Too much emphasis
cannot he laid upon the- importance of a free and regular

mot eiuent.

General Suggestions: The oval exercises which arc asso-
ciated with the capitals are to be written with a rapid rest-
arm movement. Rest the hand very lightly. Move the arm
freely, hut do not slide the sleeve. The hand and pen must
move in unison. Xo linger movement. Write these exercises
two or three times the size of the copy, first, then reduce to
-i/e of copy. Persevere until the muscles obex the will. Store
up reserve force by daily drills upon large ovals. Do not he
come discouraged Perseverance conquers. Stud} the model
capitals carefully. The capitals should be three-fourths the
height of a ruled space Connected capitals should be prac-
ticed twice the height of copy first

THE WORK FOR FEBRUARY.
Introductory Course.

Week of February 5: Plates 1 and J.
Week of February 1J: Plates .1 and 4.
Week of February 19: Plates 5 and <>.
Week of February 26: Plates " and 8.

Intermediate Course.
Week of February 5: Plates 1 and 2.
Week of February 1-': Plates .1 and 4
Remainder in the month: Plate 5
Budget Work for the Month.
The Budget Work for February will consist of 48 pages
arranged ;i- follows:

One page- of each word in Plates .? ami 4 in the Inter-
mediate I nurse.

It is understood that all Budget Work is to be done at
In uni' by the learner.

illjf iBusutrss .Snurnal

XZZZZZ ZX-XTZ

?^--z>z^€^-??£li£^z^

Plate 1.— The K is made up of the staff followed by a brace. There is no description of the second part of
the A.' which will appeal so strongly to the learner as to call it by this mark. A free and easy movement is the
requirement of a good letter.

Owing to an oversight, these plates were not written as Mr. Flickinger had planned; namely, to divide them
into quarters. It will be observed that the third line in each plate is made up of two short sentences. This is
where the middle line should be. The quarter ruling then will come just half way between that and either margin.
In the next instalment the proper ruling will be shown. This omission seriously detracts from the practical ar-
rangement of the lines, and it is to be greatly regretted that the dotted ruling was not put in.

JZZlZZS^as^lZZl/ ' ^ZL^^^ZptJ^Z^

'^<zz^lZ St/'

?-7^^lT-7/-€^7^'2^e^'T^ , '

Plate 2.— In the capital W there are to be found no straight lines, although the second down stroke is almost
straight. The sentence in this plate should appeal to every ambitious writer.

Plate 3. — The X, like the H and K, is made up of two parts; that is, it is necessary to lift the pen in
from one part to the other. Make the staff, then follow by a figure 6 with a well curved down stroke.

^^^r^L^d^ZZZAy, <Z-*££<rf2*£e!3Z~e!^

e*&aZZ2ZZ^-£*?4Z~

Plate 4.— The beginning of the Z is the same as the A' and W: The important part of this letter is to be careful to
make the loop below the line short.

^ZZTZZZ

Z /£uv-ueisnZ Z&^'-{Z-Z&<zZ

cZzzZ^l

Z&^y ^<£-^^7n^cu^ZZ^y .-^^-t^ul^dZ _

Plate 5. — This is a very easy letter. The point to be observed is to be careful not to carry the finishing stroke
too high.

le/nn S^~

t % * % > % % %

Stir UusUtPBH 3ournal

ir>

7/ %_%- 7£3t3t

\<<^7st?-US<.

-L^Z^L-

^iZLsL^-

'^^d^rz^t^^^zds.

Plate 6.— Watch that the second part of the U does not run up too high. The introductory movement drill
is a proper preparation for the work.

yz. 77"-

o^rri^^^LA^ . _ Ld^2r3iL<^i^L<£y.

_^d^^£*L*ey . <^^£A^

Plate 7.— The Y is nothing more nor less than the U with a handle. This is a simple letter, and yet one used in
nearly every business letter. Master it.

k^h^A

JUtdUL

JLJMSS

Plate 8. — We have in this plate the most frequently used capital letter in the alphabet. Unfortunately, it is
one of the most difficult to make. The movement drill preceding the letter itself, if mastered, will make all
other work easy.

>^^22^S^^>^^^<^>^^^^<i>/

-$-&<d^ y^TL^utAA^O^l^Lj a^t-^LA^^Z^^^iU^'. U-4-^/

"My Favorite Writing Drills" by Bro. Rene-Auguste. Longueuil, P. Q. Can.

ADVANCED COURSE

Plate 1. The accountant is particular regarding his definitions. These definitions and others that have appeared
in this course are taken from "The Science of Accounts" by H. C. Bentley, a book that should be in the hands of
every bookkeeping student.

— ^d-^L^O^Z^ (ZLsd' /W^0-^L£ -.,

Plate 2. — Product work of this nature cannot be excelled. It comprises a twofold purpose: first, a drill in
writing; second, a source of valuable information.

^. <^^2-£^52-^ ,^-5Z^2-<2^^

Plate 3. — Comments regarding Plates 1 and 2 apply to this plate.

Plate 4 — Write an entire page of each one of the name
tfforded by writing proper names.

There is no better movement drill than that

57 Lpjyy) 5 -£

(Lht SaaittPHa Journal

A SUMMER FLIGHT O'ER THE SEAS.
By D. Elston, Edmonton, Alta., Can.

PLEASING journey from Alberta's capital city,
through those vast prairie provinces to Win-
S//"*1 \£t nipeg, and on to Port Arthur, had almost left
tl&foS. '' berefl oi all thought, stenographic

or chirographic, before boarding a splendid
liner of the "unsalted seas," bound for the
lower Huron port of Sarnia. Desire to visit the commer-
cial schools of that fine city had vanished ere we pulled
into the Union Station at Toronto, for the. date of sailing
of the Allan liner "Virginian" would scarcely admit of a
complete visit to Niagara and the boat trip from Kingston
through the Thousand Islands and rapids of the mighty St.
Lawrence to Montreal. I had the honor to be Edmonton's
representative in a party of Western Canadian teachers,
our destination being the British Isles, which we were to
tour under the able direction of F. J. Ney, honorary or-
ganizing secretary, representing the Education Department
"l Manitoba. In due course, we reached historic and quaint
Quebec, dropped our pilot and took on our last mails at

National Opera House, Paris.

Rimouski, passed the Straits of Belle Isle and met the pleas-
ing swell of the broad Atlantic. Icebergs, whales and other
interesting features of the open sea — concerts, banquets and
deck games, with the freedom of the vessel from wireless
Station to the stokers' inferno, added to the pleasure of
sailing in splendid weather. Unusual interest prevailed
when the lifting fog revealed the coast of the Emerald
Isle, and wc learned that Liverpool would be made late at
night. Upon arrival, we were promptly transferred to our
"Special." bound for the Classic University City of Oxford.
Visiting places where freedom of thought, religious and
civil liberty, and higher ideas of civilization struggled for
expression through centuries of stubborn superstition is of
intense interest. To stand upon the battlefields where Iver-
nian and Celt, Phoenician and Roman, Briton, and Dane, or
Saxon and Norman mingled their lifeblood on the turf in
an antiquated method of eventually blending races must,
especially to all persons of the English tongue, be a profit-
able diversion. Oxford was a border town till S27 A. D.,
when Egbert of Wessex established a broader kingdom.
Domesday records of 1085 allowed all burghers paying 6s
Bd. to have common pasture outside the city walls. This
meadow of 13U acres has to this day escaped the hands of
land grabbers. Under King Edward the Confessor, the town
paid an annual royal tribute of £20 and nine pints of honey.
More than a score of colleges constitute the great univer-
sity, the dale of founding of several being unknown. Old
"town and gown feuds." often resulting in bloodshed and
death, are still in a measure copied by modern colleges.
Groups of our party were entertained in the homes of dif-
ferent professors. We had luncheon in Balliol College, and

were banqueted by the Oxford teachers at the Hotel Buol.
A few yards from where I lodged in Oxford stands the
Martyrs' Memorial, marking the spot where Latimer, Cran-
mer and Ridley were burned for their denial of certain doc-
trines. We were conducted through the leading colleges,
and met a number of the Rhodes' Scholarship holders. From
Oxford, we visited Stratford-on-Avon, and were shown
through the house in which Shakespeare was born. Nearby,
at Shottery, we were conducted through the cottage where
the Bard of Stratford wooed and won Ann Hathaway.

At Warwick Castle we were most hospitably entertained
by the Countess, and shown the entire castle, including the
private living apartments, battlements, towers and dungeons
of that venerable stronghold, founded in the year 915 by
a daughter of King Alfred the Great. Relics of the days
when the barons sallied forth to plunder and give battle
were much in evidence. The massive portcullis may still
be seen, but the drawbridge has been removed and the moat
drained. Under the splendid trees in the castle grounds we
were entertained at luncheon. We coached through his-
toric South Bucks, visiting the churchyard at Stoke Poges,
where we enjoyed "that yew tree's shade," climbed the "ivy-
mantled tower," and noted with interest the modest tomb
of Gray. Burnham Beeches — 400 acres of grand old trees,
once lopped by Cromwell's Ironsides. Beaconsfield, where
we were dined by the typical landlord of the Royal White
Hart, Chalfort St. Giles, with Milton's cottage and Jordan's
Quaker meeting-house, where William Penn lies buried, were
places of particular interest.

July 19th found us settled in our hotels in London, where
we were entertained by the Dominions Club at the Crystal
Palace on our first afternoon, and attended the Pageant of
London in the evening. We were tendered an elaborate
banquet by the educational authorities, in the famous throne-
room of the Holborn Restaurant, the musical programme,
by noted artists, being particularly fine. Local teachers and
their friends acted as our guides to many points of interest.
The British Museum, Naval Academy and Observatory at
Greenwich, Imperial Houses of .Parliament, leading Art
Galleries, Royal Exchange and Bank of England, West-
minster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral, Lambeth Palace, resi-
dence of Archbishop of Canterbury : Royal Residence at
Hampton Court, and the Tower of London are places of
international fame. Through the courtesy of the Canadian
High Commissioner's office, the writer attended a debate
in the House of Commons, and heard LLoyd-George. Bal-
four and other able speakers. We journeyed to Windsor,
and were conducted through the royal castle, attending a
special service and organ recital in the Imperial Chapel of
St. George. Crossing the Thames, we were entertained at
Eton College, and watched the students play cricket on that
beautiful green, where, according to Wellington, Waterloo
was won. Quill pens were in evidence in the class-rooms
At St. Albans an investigation is being prosecuted which
may result in the discovery of the real author of "Hamlet."

■^-^

£ •*'"■' 1

lZTSI

^^^^Lk2$V*|Me'. i 53

-^J

Burns' Cottage, Ayr.

Site iBuHinraa Journal

But Winchester, the capital under the Celts, Britons,
Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans, was of paramount
historic importance. The grand cathedral, with its west
front window once demolished by Cromwell's soldiery, and
now composed of fragments, has seen more centuries roll
by than did the Jewish Temple. It was four centuries in
building, and one of its many massive royal mortuary boxes
contains the bones of Egbert, the first King of a United
England. In the Guild Hall our original measures of
weight, capacity and length may be seen, also various in-
struments of torture. The "moot horn" reminded one of the
administrative gatherings previous to the time when De
Montford called at Winchester the first real Parliament of
England. Fastened to the west wall of Winchester Castle
is King Arthur's Round Table of massive solid oak, with
radiating sections for the king and twenty-four knights.

Ann Hathaway's Cottage.

Coming out of Winchester College, incorporated in 1382,
we passed through the beer cellar, used up till seven years
ago. When instituted, the regulations provided each student
mutton for five and beef for two days each week, with beer
and cheese. At the porter's hatchway at St. Cross Hospital,
the "daily dole" is still distributed. It consists of two loaves
of bread and two gallons of beer divided into thirty-two
portions, and is free to passing wayfarers. In the different
museums of England are exhibited noted hand-lettered docu-
ments, such as Domesday Book, or Magna Charta, and beau-
tiful illuminations by early monks, valuable studies to the
penman and engrosser. The Botanical Garden at Kew and
the famous Zoo were visited, and we spent a memorable
day swimming and boating at Brighton.

A number of our party took a side trip to Paris and Ver-
sailles. The vast prospect from the top of Eiffel Tower,
nearly one thousand feet above the Seine, the Champs
Elysees, National Opera House, Notre Dame Cathedral, the
Louvre or Napoleon's Tomb are individually worth an extra
trip. Leonardo da Vinci's famous "Mona Lisa" was in the
Louvre when we departed. When we drove to Versailles
on the first Sunday of the month, the elaborate system of
fountains in the magnificent gardens of the palaces played
for nearly two hours at a cost of 10,000 francs. The exten-
sive grounds were thronged with sight-seers. Returning to
London, we left at once for Wales, our trip including Ches-
ter, Rhyl, Bangor, Festiniog, Conway, Cricketh, Carnarvon,
Llanberis, Llandudno and other points. We enjoyed the
views from the massive towers of many great old strong-
holds, and enjoyed the characteristic welcome of the en-
thusiastic Welsh. The seaside resorts and mountain vil-
lages of Wales are marked by a beauty entirely unique.
The ascent of Snowdon and Great Ormc were negotiated
before sailing for Dublin, where we were transferred to our
hotels in those inimitable jaunting-cars. Phcenix Park, the
Bank of Ireland and Trinity University are the features of

this city. At Bray, we were entertained by the Earl and
Countess of Meath. We had excellent hotels at the typical
Irish Village of Killarney. We arrived on a market day,
and the streets were alive with peasantry, driving their
donkey carts. Our drive to the upper end of the lakes and
return by rowboats to Ross Castle, passing Mount Fore,
Glena Bay, Eagle's Nest and Innisfallen, were entrancing.
Other places, including Belfast, must be neglected, for I
must mention Bonnie Scotland. Landing at Ayr, we were
soon coached to Burns' cottage, Brig O'Doone and other
points in that district. The Trossachs and Loch Lomond
were eloquent reminders of the heroes of Sir Walter Scott.
From Sterling Castle, the eye could locate seven battle-
fields of importance in Scottish history. Here Bruce at
Bannockburn, and Wallace at Sterling Bridge opposed the
invading English. At Dunfermline, the birthplace of Andrew
Carnegie, we were entertained by the officials of the Car-
negie Trust. We had luncheon at the Park Pavilion and an
orchestra and pipers band concert.

Edinburgh, with its grand old castle, its Holy Rood Palace
and splendid view of Princess street from Calton Hill, is
a delightful city. We drove to the great Forth Bridge, and
attended services at St. Giles' Cathedral, where Jennie
Geddes once hurled the stool at the head of John Knox.
Other places in Scotland and England I cannot mention,
except the North English Lake District. We spent a week
in this enchanted region of mountain and lake, the delight
of Wordsworth and other poets. Rydal Water, Winder-
mere, Ullswater and Grasmere were viewed from boat, coach,
bicycle and auto, till we reluctantly decamped for Liverpool
After a short stay at the magnificent North Western, we
boarded the "Tunisian." Labor troubles had interfered with
freight handling, and we put to sea lightly loaded and not
properly ballasted for the terrific storm which we encoun-
tered for five successive days. However, I was delighted
with the storm, and arrived at Montreal pleased with my
reputation as a sailor and still retaining a vivid remem-
brance of many pleasing experiences connected with our
splendid tour in Great Britain, Ireland and France.

BOSTON COMMERCIAL TEACHERS TO DINE.

On Saturday, February 24th. at the Boston City Club the
male commercial teachers of New England will hold their
annual dinner. If the coming event approaches the previous
ones in interest and success, those who are so fortunate as
to be present will have a good time. The committee con-
sist- of 1\. G. Laird, High School of Commerce, Boston; E.
II. Fisher, Fisher Business College, Somerville, Mas<.: E. S.
Colton, Brookline, Mass., High School.

It is the intention of the committee to invite all male
members of the profession in the territory tributary to Bos-
ton. Thi> they did last year, but if there are any teachers
whose names have not reached the committee, it will be ap-
preciated if the persons interested will get into communica-
tion with the committee very soon. The dinner is the edu-
cational event of the vear in Boston.

The North Adams, Mass., Herald of January 1st contains
an account of the annual inauguration exercises of that city.
S. McVeigh, of the Bliss Business College, and who has
been prominent in the Merchants' Association, is one of the
seven well-known citizens of North Adams sworn into the
City Council for a term of three years. This is Mr. Mc-
\ i igh's first candidacy for a cirj office, ami we congratulate
him.

57 ^y> 5^

» % • » % 4 « ■ % «
"I ♦ % % *

(SJye IBuainraa Journal

III

EDUCATION THAT WINS.

By Edward Toby, F. A. A., C. C. A., Toby Business College,

Higher Education is the Educational Slogan of the day,
but in my mind "Thorough Education" would be far more
appropriate. Thoroughness is too often sacrificed in order to
appease advancement. Thoroughness should begin in the
first grades of the public and private schools, and no child
should be advanced unless he really knows the work that he
has gone over. I consider any young person who spalls well,
knows the definitions of all the usual English words, uses
good English in speaking and writing, has a good knowledge
of English literature, who is quick at figures, has a thorough
knowledge of business arithmetic and writes a good hand, far
better educated than he who is deficient in all of these things
and yet has a smattering knowledge of chemistry, philosophy,
geometry, physiology, mythology, Latin, etc. In my expe-
rience, and 1 have had students numbering far up into the
thousands, not five in one hundred who reach the age of 18
have anything like a proper knowledge of spelling, grammar,
arithmetic or penmanship. Their penmanship is miserable
and their deficiency in spelling and definitions is really de-
plorable. Where the blame lies it is hard to say, but the fact
exists, ami when this fault in instruction is corrected it will
be a great stride towards higher education. Higher stand-
ards in every kind of education is what the world is aiming
at and its beginning must be with the child and continue
through his entire educational career until he completes what-
ever he may have undertaken.

I have been asked to write on Practical Education. Prac-
tical education covers many kinds of education. All of the
trades are now taught practically. Medicine and surgery,
through the aid of the hospitals, clinics and dissecting rooms,
are practically taught; in fact, the practical as far as possible
is employed in every branch, but that particular kind of prac-
tical education that I am expected to touch upon is Business
Education. The education which in a short time fits the
young man who has a thorough high school education to
become a breadwinner and earn after a few months in the
business world almost if not as much as his father.

In no branch of education is there as much room for ad-
vancement and high standards as in business education, and
in no branch of education throughout the United States, and
it is with regret that I say it, is there so much deficiency in
instruction and so much dishonorable practice. The schools
of medicine which were suppressed by the law a few years
since, which issued to uneducated and densely ignorant persons
who had not even attended their schools or colleges a diploma
for $.".00 which granted them the right to practice medicine,
did not do one-tenth the harm the swindling class of business
schools are doing now. The laws of the United States and
of the States themselves should govern every class of educa-
tional institutions just as they do the schools of medicine, for
education deals principally with the voung and they should
be protected as to getting the right start and proper instruc-
tion.

With the business schools the following laws should govern:
First, no man should be allowed to open a business college or
school and act as its president who is not a qualified public
accountant, certificated by the courts of the State, a man of
good education, and one who has had years of practical busi-
ness experience before entering into the business college work.
This is the only kind of man fitted for such a position, as no
man can teach branches or subjects that he does not actually
know, nor can he act as supervisor of instruction in them.
Second, an equipment of not less than $5,000 00 should be
necessary before the word college could be used. Under this
amount the proprietor should be compelled to use the word
school. Third, any misrepresentation in advertisements of
any nature, concerning building, equipments, methods and
forms of instructions, branches taught, class of teachers em-
ployed, swindling inducements, such as guaranteeing positions,
guaranteeing to make a competent and finished bookkeeper, or
court reporter, or an efficient office stenographer of a person
in three or four weeks, or anything whatever that is untrue
or misleading, should be sufficient cause for the law to close
the school. Fourth, persons of meagre education, not pre-
pared to take up the study of bodkkeeping or shorthand,
should not be accented for these branches, and if accepted,
said student should have the privilege after learning and
realizing his lack of education and unfitness to learn the
science or the art of filing a complaint with the proper per-
son appointed by law and collect from the proprietor the
amount of tuition paid and the expense he had been put to for
hoard and other necessary expenses during the time spent at
school. There is no class of schools in the United States that
do as much good as the high standard business schools, and

man who advertises to guarantee a position, advertise, in-
feriority and is a greater charlatan than the gold brick or
green goods man, for he works his game on the ignorant, un-
sophisticated youth, principally from the rural districts, wdiile
the green goods man works his "bunco game" on those of
mature age. The law took a firm hand with one and should
with the other.

The business school above all others should be high stand-
ard and regulated by the laws of the Nation and the State,
as there is an allurement attached to it for the country boy
and city boy, too, like molasses has for (lies. No matter how
ignorant they may be, how utterly unprepared in their funda-
mental studies, they want to learn business; the very word
fascinates them. Every year the charlatan reaps a rich har-
vest by robbing many of them of their scanty savings earned
by the sweat of their brows, or their loving old parents whom
circumstances have kept in the drudgery plane of life of the
little money laid aside by them, hut who are willing to make
any sacrifice to allow their hoys to become business men.

Within the last few days, while in one of our small but well
known Texas towns, I had occasion to drop into a certain
place of business to see a friend. On entering 1 found that a
part of this office or place of business was being used as a
school, and although its entire equipment amounted to but a
few plain, unpainted tables and a typewriter or two and it
expected to continue but a few weeks, had the audacity to
class itself and advertise as a business college and guaranteed
positions. Now, this man or school charged as much for
the little or nothing that he gave as a first-class school would
charge. For many reasons such schools should not exist.
First, seven-eighths of the students they enroll are not educa-
tionally prepared to intelligently take up the branches in-
cluded in a genuine business course. Second, their equip-
ments are entirely inadequate. Third, the time allowed is en-
tirely too short for even an educated person to acquire such
knowledge that a real business course requires. Fourth, tin-
men in charge or teachers have about as much knowledge of
practical office work as their students have and could not
command salaries for any kind of office work much if any
greater than any of these inexperienced and uneducated young
persons. For these and many other reasons such schools
should not be allowed to exist.

Due to these conditions in business education and other
classes of education there is a cry for higher education and
higher standards. The unsophisticated and uneducated are
being duped and the educated public realizes it and the cry
is going up for their protection. Conditions of this kind are
of course a disgrace to the high standard business schools.
They are warts, blights and excrescences upon business educa-
tion. A disease that must be cut away and eradicated, and
the surgeon's knife will be the strong arm of the law.

Any sane man knows that a course in a university is valu-
able, hut every university graduate would be greatly benefited
by a complete course in a high standard business school. To
prove its value from my experience I have found that the uni-
versity graduate takes just as long to complete our com-
bined or separate courses and graduate as the high school
graduate does. In my estimation the high standard business
college occupies in the world of education a position just as
important as any institution of learning in the world. It is
doing more for the masses than anv other class of schools
and has proven of such importance that it has compelled the
universities to annex business departments and introduce busi-
ness courses which, like everything that i; a side line, have
more or less proven failures.

To succeed, one must specialize and the high standard busi-
ness school has its particular place in the educational world
just as the university, school of medicine, school of law. school
of theology, etc. The day will come, and is not far distant,
when the president of a business college will be as highly re-
spected as the president of a university, which T am sorry to
say is not the case now. due to the swindling, thieving and un-
scrunulous practices of many of those who are now engaged
in the business. Of course, there are many high standard
schools in the country, owned and conducted bv honorable
men, who are all fighting the charlatan, but in many cases for
fear of losing patronage are afraid to openly oppose these
bunco schools and in order to secure students, partly fall into
their practices.

Through my determined efforts, T hope to have Texas (the
great exponent of education") take the initiative step in making
laws that will govern business colleges and schools, which 1
am sure will be followed bv every State in the Union. This
will place the business college upon an educational pedestal
that will bring forth the highest encomiums and cause the
business college man to be proud of his vocation and place
him among the distinguished and most highly honored men of
at nation. — Christian Advocate.

eljr Suaittpaa Journal

ADVERTISING.
By Frank Vaughan.

{Continued from January Journal.)
Assuming a good thing to offer— an article that has suffi-
cient distinctiveness of merit or of price to enter into the
general competition with a reasonable degree of success, the
next point to be considered is how it shall be offered? What
are the vehicles of communicating with people most likely to
buy that sort of thing — how and where? Of course if there
is any way of ascertaining just who are likely to require the
article offered, this detail is greatly simplified, and in pro-
portion as the article is a specialty the difficulty of the prob-
lem is lessened.

V lias patented a new sort of crutch. The use of his
product is obviously confined to lame people. The whole
ones have no rued of it for themselves and would only be
buyers as agents for the others. Xow if Y could obtain from
the census lists, for instance, the names and addresses of all
who have defective limbs, he would be enabled to reach di-
rectly everybody having present occasion to use his goods.
It might not pay him even then to reach these people in this
way. It might be more profitable to make known his inven-
tion to fewer of them in a more inexpensive way, but his
objective point remains the same — to reach as many people of
just this class as practicable.

Speaking more particularly with reference to newspaper
advertising— and this term is meant to include periodicals of
every description,— if this inventor could find a paper de-
voted to the interests of lame people, and nothing else, it is
reasonable to assume that he would find such a medium a
good one for his purposes. A publication of this sort that
could prove a circulation of a thousand copies among lame
people would be worth more for such an advertisement than
another publication with a general circulation of 100,000. No
doubt the paper with the larger circulation would include
some lame people among its readers, but it is hardly probable
that the number would be one per cent., and it would have to
he considerably more to yield as good a return as the special
paper. For in the former case the presumption would be
that those who took the paper took it for precisely the rea-
son that it was a lame person's paper and likely to afford in-
formation of value to those of that class— suggestions for
their relief and that sort of thing. In other words, it is to
them a matter of business, while the other would be more in-
cidental—a matter of diversion,— and there might be a hun-
dred other articles embodied in its advertisements to distract
and divide the attention of the reader.

I don't know of any ranker humbuggery, anything more
saturated witli quackery, than the usual practice of estimat-
ing advertising value on the basis of mere circulation. The
point is, not how many copies are printed but who reads
them? What proportion of the special field I want to reach
is covered by that paper?

Returning to the supposititious crutch paper, if the adver-
tiser can have assurance that practically all of the lame
people read it, he is well toward the end of his task— he has
secured the ear of the folks who need his goods and who
must buy them if anyone does. But for all that, he prob-
ably has no monopoly of the field. There are other crutch
makers who have the same opportunity, and the task to which
he must now address himself is to show prospective buyerj
of crutches wherein it will be to their advantage to deal with
him. This involves matter and method — form,
common sense, honesty, art— BRAINS.

argument,

Benjamin Franklin said that he owed his first success
life to his good handwriting.

Napoleon rewarded his writing teacher by giving him
pension for life.

THE NEW CENTURY.

Touch-Typewriting Device.

There is no longer any question as to the superiority of
"touch typewriting. The only question now is: "Which is
the best way to teach it?"

C. C. Chrisman, of the Chrisman Publishing Co.. St. Louis,
Mo., claims to have solved the problem in his patent Touch-
lypewnting Device, illustrated herewith.

This device is simple and strong in construction, and can
be used on any make of typewriter. It is made in two
models, Model No. 1 being designed to fasten to the desk
by two small screws in front of the machine, and Model No.
2 to clamp to the frame of the machine. Model No. 1 is
not fastened permanently to the desk, but is merely sprung
into position between two small screws. It can be instantly
attached or detached. The center guide can, if desired be
removed from either model.

Mopel. No. 1.

Both models are adjustable vertically and laterally, and
the centerguide can be removed and replaced at will" The
device is made of high-grade sheet steel, finished in black
enamel, and presents a handsome appearance. If desired,
lesson charts or shorthand notes can be placed on the device,
and are thus in a convenient place for the operator.

It is claimed for the patent Touch-Tvpewriting Device that
it helps both teacher and student, and that by its use the

Modfx No J

art of touch-typewriting can be mastered in less time and
with less exertion on the part of both teacher and student
than in any other way.

The device is manufactured and is for sale by the Chrisman
Publishing Co., St. Loins, Mo. The Thorp & Martin Co
Boston. Mass.,' are agents for the New England Stales and
all foreign countries.

PINK WRAPPER

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yon should send us Immediat
for the News Edition, If ynu
This special wrapper tas well

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we feel that any expense Is Justiaed.

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n.l that
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4 « S \

Uiljp iBuaittPHs 3ournal

THE ART OF WRITING.

X ignorant Yankee, Dutchman, Italian, Spaniard,
Greek, or any other person who has a house or
lot to sell in these United States of America, must
indicate his intention to sell by "making his mark"
on the deed, and swear to it, placing a seal be-
side his mark. This ignorant man can do no better than an
ancient Egyptian, a Phoenician or a Mexican did. In this
respect, he is a citizen of the "Dark ages," and indeed of the
deeper darkness of the remotest past.

Doubtless our readers have heard of the Yankee who sent an
order to his agent to see that his cargo of coal was duly
shipped on board a vessel, and he simply made an alphabetic
character, the semicolon, on a letter sheet, which the agent
read with no difficulty, "see my coal on." Not to be outdone
by his master, the agent placed an alphabetic colon on a sheet
and sent it back. The coal owner read it promptly, "Coal
on." Now this was the conveying of an idea by a mark or
marks : that is, writing. In other words, writing is the ex-
pression of thought by visible signs, and from remotest ages
men have sought to utilize visible characters, marks, to in-
dicate their thoughts.

When did a man first put his thought in writing? No one
knows. Hut there must have been a first. He wished to re-
call some thought or to communicate it to another. He made
a character, by which he pictured his thought to his friend or
recalled it to himself. All later writing is the development
of that one idea, that one act. But there must have been the
first one. This character, thus made, was a hieroglyph, a
picture-writing for personal or other use. It was a simple
figure or combination of figures; doubtless in the first case
exceedingly simple. And when man had developed this art to
a considerable extent, and had made use of it for centuries,
its importance seemed to be so great that men said, "Only a
God could have devised such a wonderful method of speech-
communication as this!" The Chinese, the Greeks, the In-
dians, the Egyptians all have some mythological legends con-
cerning the invention of writing, as having been given to man
by divine inspiration.

Primitive races bad very rudimentary ideas. A bow and
arrow meant death to some one or some animal. Hence to
picture a bow and arrow was a pictorial expression of hunt
ing or war. Such a method was man's first attempt to indi-
cate his ideas of things and objects. Then there was a need
of indicating feeling, passion, sentiment, or characteristics of

l^ I, had, tall, small, swift, slow, in addition to indicating the

object or combination of objects of which these were qualities,

The students of the subject of writing are now agreed that
wherever primitive writing began, there remain no specimens
of its use as monuments of its origin. Trace back the lines
of research to the very farthest we can go, and the results
fail to discover to us scarcely a partially developed alpha-
betic character. As the child, when it begins to talk, speaks
gibberish, and later expresses syllables, so writing was doubt-
less for some little time developing from the picture or inVa
stage to the alphabetic stage.

The study of writing ranges along several distinct lines:
Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hindoo, Chinese. Mexican, etc.
It i- known that the pyramid-, of Egypt were built more than
4.000 years before the Christian Era. When, in 1837, the
Great Pyramid was opened and examined, the inscription on
the sarcophagus of the Egyptian builder was discovered. This
was a written document, and consisted of pictures, symbols
and signs for sounds, showing that before -1000 B. C, writing
had already reached an advanced stage, a writing system
which endured from generation to generation as a stationary
method of communicating thought away down into the periods
of Roman history, with which we are are now quite famihar

The Chinese earliest accredited form of writing is only of
an age thirty centuries before Christ, while Egypt's writing
is at least forty centuries prior to Christ.

After all that we can prove to the contrary, writing by
signs or characters may have originated in several widely sep-
arated parts of this old earth. A boy in Kamtschatka, one in
New York, and one in Patagonia, would naturally make a sign
for a horse very much alike. It might be a horizontal line
for the body, four dropping lines for the legs, and a forward
upper line for the neck and head. A Chinaman, an Egyptian,
and a Mexican would naturally make a cup, a bird, a shoe
very much alike, a purely pictorial representation of the ob-
ject or things.

Then there came a gradual representation for people's
names, or the names of objects, and not the pictures of the
objects themselves. If, for some reason, a man had been
called foxy, and so a fox, and another man had been called
lion-hearted ,and therefore a lion himself, very naturally the
picture of a fox would be placed upon the home, the hut, the
hovel, the home, the domicile of that Mr. Fox, and the picture
of a lion would be placed on the home of the man repre-
sented by the picture. In this way, if a picture were to be
sent to Mr. Fox, the first thing which would be scratched
upon the bark, the wood, the papyrus, or whatever the sub-
stance on which a message was to be written would he i la-
rough outline of a fox, and the carrier would know at Dnce
to whom the message should be delivered.

We have not time or space to describe fully and freely the
methods used by the various tribes of earth in expressing
their thoughts scriptorially. We can only illustrate them in
brief. Seven thousand years ago, the Egyptians were em-
ploying some form of writing; five thousand years ago the
Chinese were doing the same, that is, thousands of years
before the Anglo-Saxon race was in existence. The Egyp-
tians were the more skilled in the art. Their writing was of
such a character that the most unskilfull hand could draw
the picture desired to represent the thought ; and yet it should
be fully recognizable. Then the picture in use for that
thought was somewhat abridged, until it became only a tin re .
suggestion of its former self, yet easily suggestive. The
Chinese did, it is true, reduce their figurative writing, but
retaining the pictorial quality almost entirely; so that, even
in our day, Chinese writing is to a very large extent pictun
writing. They represent water by a wave line; the sea by
several wave lines; mountains by several inverted V's; a son
by a kneeling figure of a person denoting deference; a father
by a standing figure leaning over, as if to protect some one or
something. A rude character is a tree; several make a forest;
a married woman by a woman with a broom, etc., etc.

The Egyptians after many generations of use of pictorial
writing developed characters which stood for sounds uttered.
If a serpent made a hissing sound, they invented a character
to present that hiss; if a dog barked, they designed some
character to indicate the dog's ejaculation. This was the
primitive origin of sound representation, or phonetic repre-
sentation. This was done by an individual character, or a
syllable, — what we call a monosyllable. It took many genera-
tions for even the most cultured Egyptians to attain a point
where they could put two or three syllables together to form
a representation of a composite sound.

The Chinese hardly attain to this grace, they write a
character, simple and easily made, and then by a different
accent, or inflection of sound give it a different meaning en-
tirely. The Chinese have so developed or extended their
earlier form of writing that it has scarcely any resemblance to
the former, and has become a very tangled set of interwoven
characters. The Chinese begin to write at the upper right-
hand side of a page, making their characters downwards in
the column, making a second column to the left of the first,

u>lie iBuButrsa 3aurnal

and so on. If a sign is to be placed over a Chinaman's store,
the letters read from right to left.

But now, returning to the Egyptians, and their system of
thought-expression, we discover that the picture-expressing
method did develop into the sound-expressing method. They
did reach a direct method of recording thought. But gener-
ation after generation passed away before this was done. A
traveller in Egypt should look upon the Fellaheen of the
Egyptian desert with somewhat of awe, when he thinks that
the ancient ancestors of these very men were the very origina-
tors of the method by which he writes his diary, his letters
home, and conducts business.

The Egyptians, long before Abraham's visit, had come al-
most to the perception and creation of a real alphabet. They
had engraved records of the minutest details of their history,
their arts and sciences, their morals and religious teachings.
The obelisk of Osiris at Heliopolis was in existence in Abra-
ham's time. On its four sides are beautifully engraved the
names and titles of Osirtersen I. To us the hieroglyphics of
the Egyptians were almost indecipherable until within the
last seventy-five or eighty years. The discovery of the Rosetta
Stone at the Rosetta mouth of the Nile, through excavations
by a French engineer, first gave to the world a key to the
meaning of the hieroglyphic inscriptions. There was the same
matter thrice engraved on this celebrated stone, in Greek, in
Demotic or native writing, and in hieroglyphic characters. By
comparing these characters with the Greek, there were dis-
ci ivered certain lines which must mean certain things, and so
the Key was partially discovered. Dr. Young, an English-
man, was the first to make a really useful translation of this
useful inscription. Then Champollion showed the entirely
alphabetical character of the signs used in all the proper
names, so that now we can read the Egyptian names of all
the ancient Dynasties without much difficulty.

HOLIDAY GREETINGS.

The Business Journal force desires to thank the many
friends for their thoughtfulness in sending holiday greet-
ings, and to assure them that their cordial good wishes are
fully reciprocated. We hope all will have a happy and pros-
perous year. Among those remembering us were the fol-
lowing: H. W. Flickinger, Philadelphia; E. M. Huntsinger,
Hartford, Conn. ; C. F. Sherman, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ; D. W.
Hoff, Lawrence. Mass . Lyman P. Spencer, Orange, X J.;
W. A. Hoffman. Valparaiso, Ind. ; H. P. Behrensmeyer,
Quincy, 111.; Wm. Allan Dyer, New York City; T. J. Ris-
inger, Utica, N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Steinhaeuser, As-
bury Park, X. J.; Mr and Mrs. L. B. Matthias, Bridgeport
Conn.; J. J. Bailey, Toronto, Ont. ; R. S. Collins, Phila-
delphia; W. C. Brownfield, Bowling Green, Ky. ; S. D.
Holt, Philadelphia ; Andrew J. Graham Sexton, New York
City; S. E. Leslie, Poughkeepsie, X. Y. ; G. T. Wiswell,
Philadelphia; F. S. Field, Flushing, X. Y. ; Wheeler Busi-
ness College, Birmingham, Ala. ; Chandler Sexton, New
York City; A. T. Link, Boise, Idaho, J. E. Soule, Phila-
delphia; Monarch Typewriter Company, New York City;
Galvanotype Engraving Company, New York City; J. A.
Stryker, Kearney, Nebr ; II. W. Shaylor, Portland, Me.

THE REYNOLDS ENVELOPE SEALER.
The sealing of envelopes, especially in houses where there
is a large correspondence, is often a vexed question. En-
velopes vary in size and their contents often cause them to
assume a variety of shapes, which add not a little to the
difficulty of sealing them. A number of machines have been
devised to moisten and seal envelopes and the ingenuity of
inventors have been taxed to construct machines for this
purpose which would fulfil every demand made upon them.
On occasions, the paper of which the envelopes are made
require more moisture than others and this presents a
difficulty which has to be overcome. The adhering quality

HYMENEAL.

Mr ami Mrs 1. 1.. Tucker announce the marriage of their
daughter, Joyce Johnston, to Mazey Stephen James, on
Monday, January 1. 1912, at Alliance, Ohio. At home
January 15, No. 320 State street, Alliance, Ohio.

Mrs. Sarah A, Blue announces the marriage of her daugh-
ter, Ellen, to Ernest O. Draper, on Saturday, December 2,
1911, Pendleton, Ore. At home after December 1.1. 51S
Perkins avenue, Pendleton, Ore.

of mucilage on the laps of the envelopes is also a factor
in the sealing of envelopes. All these and many other dif-
ficulties have had to be met and overcome by the manu-
facturers of envelope sealers for it has been found that
almost every firm has requirements of a different character
in the simple matter of envelope sealing and almost every
case has to have a different treatment.

H. J. Reynolds & Co. of 55 State St. Chicago, 111. have had
considerable experience in the manufacture of envelope
sealers and have devised a machine, which, it is claimed,
can be readily adjusted to meet every possible requirement
in the sealing of envelopes, even to the sealing of pay
envelopes, which contain coins. The machine is small and
compact, its size being 7 x S x 14 inches, while it weighs
only 20 pounds. It is operated by hand and any office boy
or girl can use it and seal envelopes at the rate of 100 per
minute. Each envelope with its enclosure is placed with the
flap open on a sloping shelf. Immediately a rubber roll
grasps it and passes the flap rapidly over a bevelled metal
roller, which revolves in water, thus moistening the gum.
Other rolls grasp it, effectively seal it and discharge it into
a receptacle at the other end of the machine. The whole
operation is extremely rapid, the envelopes vanishing before
your eyes in a marvellous manner. The machine is strongly-
constructed, noiseless in operation, all parts are non-cor-
rosive and it is guaranteed against all defects. Some of the
largest firms in the country are users of this machine and
speak of its work in the highest terms. The price of the
Reynolds Envelope Sealer is $35.

57 Lpyry, 5 ^

»««»«»%<

She iSuautPaa 3aurttal

VII

COMMERCIAL LAW.

By Frederick Juchhoff, L. L. Li.,

Illinois College of Law, Chicago.

Sales.

N order to f. Tin tin subject of a contract of sale,
the goods maj be either existing at the time of
the sale, owned or possessed by the vendor, or
they may be goods t> » he acquired or manu-
factured by the vendor after the completion of
the contract of sale, technically known as
uoods." However, before good- can form the
subject of a present sale, it is necessary that the same be
at least in potential existence at the time of the sale, owned
and possessed by the vendor.

"A ', a dealer in coal and wood, contracted to sell and
deliver to "B" live car loads of coal at the rate of $7.00
a ton. said coal to be acquired by "A" at a future date
before delivery to "B". "A" subsequently purchased the
stated quantity of coal but, owing to an increase in the
market price of coal of that quality refused to deliver the
same at the price contracted, in a suit by "B" to force
"A" to make the delivery as agree. 1, it was held that since
there was only a contract to sell, no title passed to "B ,
who had no other right than an action for the breach of
the contract Grizewook vs. Blane, 11 I. B. 526, 541.

Every contract for the sale of goods which the vendor
can acquire only by a subsequent purchase, is looked upon as
a gambling venture and, consequently illegal, where the
parties do not contemplate a bona tide purchase and delivery
to fill the contract, but are merely risking the difference
between the contract price and the market price of such

g 1- at the date of settlement, whereby one would win

and the other would lose.

i)n March 1, X contracted to deliver to V on June 1, one
thousand bushels of wheat at 90c. a bushel. Neither party
to the contract expected that the terms of the contract would
be actually carried out, but it was the intention that the
difference between the market price on June tirst and the
contract price should be paid in cash. Upon suit by \ to
compel X to pay the difference between the contract and the
market price, the market price having gone up, it was held
that this was nothing more or less and in the nature of a
gambling contract and no recovery could be had.

V provision in a bill of sale that the vendor shall remain
in possession of the chattels sold until, and as security for,
the payment of the purchase price, is not inconsistent with
an actual sale, by which the title passes to the vendee.

\' sold to /. certain chattels with the agreement that the
articles sold should remain in the possession of \ until
the purchase price had been paid. Without the fault ot Y
the articles were destroyed by lire. Z refused to make pay-
ment as agreed. Upon suit brought by Y to compel payment
of the purchase price, it was held that the title passed to Z
at the time of the sale, her.ee a delivery by Y under the con-
dition- stated, would be a condition precedent to the right

to demand payment and the judgment was given in favoi
of Y Cole \-. Berry, 42 N. J. L. 308.

Where a delivery of - ods - >ld is made to the vendee in
the expectation that he will immediately pay the price, and
he fails to do it. some courts have held that the vendor is at
libertj to regard the deliver} as conditional and may at once
reclaim the goods. It has also been held that a pretended
payment by cluck which upon presentation is dishonored is

went. . , , , • , ..

Plaintiff delivered to Defendant a suit of clothes with the

understanding that the sale should be for cash, payment by
check being accepted. I'pon presentation of the check by
the plaintiff the hank upon which it was drawn, by mistake,
refused to honor the same. The \.udor at once sought to

have the article- -old returned, which was resisted bj the
vendee. Upon trial it was held that since a payment by a
worthless check w a- void, no title was presumed to have
pa-sed. Harris vs. .Smith, t S & K, 20.

VOCAL EXPRESSION IN TELEPHONE OPER-
ATING.

In the current issue of the New York Telephone Review,
a paper appears which shows the enormous amount of thought
and work involved on the part of the Telephone Company in
one of the details of operating. The article is entitled ine
Art of Expression as applied to the Work of the Telephone
Operator," and was written by J. L. Turner, Traffic Manager
of the Newark (N. J.) District. .

On every telephone call the operator answers with the
words "Number, please." Repeated as they are a thousand
and more times a day, it is very natural that these words
should be spoken in a hurried, careless and unintelligible
maimer. As a matter of fact, however, such is not the case.
It is not only desired that the operator should let the sub-
scriber know" that she is ready to receive the call, but it is
important that the subscriber should be put if possible m
an agreeable and co-operative frame of mind. Therefore,
the words "Number, please," must be said "in a bright,
pleasant and smiling tone." The instructions read that
there should also be decided rising inflection for denoting
the question, and the proper value should be given to all
three syllables as well as a true e sound used in the word
"please." . . , , ..

In answering a call the operator invariably repeats the
number. The object of this is to make sure that the operator
correctly understood the subscriber and it must be said with
a rising or questioning inflection on the end so .that if not
repeated accurately the subscriber may correct it. Usually
the subscriber will answer "Yes. thank you," unless there is
an error. This makes, of course, for more consideration,
too, between the operator and the subscriber, because pohte-
nes invariably wins.

It is particularly annoying to a subscriber to be tola that
a number is "busy." Therefore the operators are taught to
say "The line is busy" in a tone of sympathetic concern as if
saying, "I am sorry, Mr. Smith, but I cannot give you what
you want." It must be understood in the first place that it
is much less work for the operator to make a connection
that i- desired than to have to make a "busy" report, and it
naturally follows that a line is never reported busy if it is
not actually so. Subscribers sometimes think an operator
reports a line busy just to be aggravating, and this mis-
conception has to be overcome as well as the disappointment
the subscriber receives in not getting what he wanted. How
to accomplish this is one of the studies of the New York
Telephone Company. The "sorry" inflection is the method
at present in use.

Experience has shown that subscribers are highly ap-
preciative of the service of operators who have been taught
the art of expression.' They are impressed with the sincerity,
the intelligence, the cheerfulness and the unfailing courtesy
of such' operators. This training has placed telephone opera-
tors upon a higher plane and has established a more friendly
and sympathetic relationship between them and their sub-
scribers. The effect upon the operators themselves is good
also. Their work is much pleasanter because of their im-
proved relations with the subscribers. They have fewer com-
plaints to harrass them. Through constant schooling
themselves to be bright and cheerful in their manner they
actually become so temperamentally.

The article in the New York Telephone Review closes with
the verv pertinent statement that there is little doubt that all
telephone users would profit greatly if they could come to
realize the peculiarities of conversation over the telephone
and could learn to express themselves in such a manner as
to be always correctly and agreeably understood.

INVITATIONS RECEIVED.

You and your friends are cordially invited to the 1912
formal opening of the Bryant & Stratton Business College,
Incorporated, Second and Walnut street, Louisville, Ky., on
Monday, January S. 1912, from 11 A M to 3 1'. M., and
from 7 to 10 P. M.

In the November number of Browne's Phonographic
Monthly, for issf,, there apneared an editorial notice of The
Penman's Art Journal, the predecessor of The Business Jour-
nal, which reads as follows:

"This journal is without doubt the best periodical devoted
to penmanship subjects. Its engravings are always fine, print-
ing is first-class, composition most excellent, and the quality
of its letters and articles, in general, superior. It is a com-
plete epitome of penmanshio news and practice."

We of the present day think that that characterization is
a very excellent and very truthful description of the magazine
at the present time.

VIII

SI)? Suainrsfl Journal

EARLY PHILADELPHIA PENMEN.

By H. W. FUCKJNGER.

delivered at a dinner given by J. E. Soule, which was mentioned in the January issue, and at which he

was the Guest of Honor.

"Our honored host and I have been good friends for almost
a half century. To be more exact, nearlv forty-four years
have elapsed since we first met. I came to Philadelphia in the
autumn of 1867 and he arrived in the spring of 1868. It
seems a long while as we look back over the years that have
come and gone. Upon such an occasion as this, it is but nat-
ural, I think, to drop into a reminiscent mood, and so I feel
prompted to call to mind the circumstances under which we
met, after which, if I may, I would like to speak of some
members of our craft who have passed into the great beyond.

"Shortly after the close of the Civil War, I went to East-
man College, Poughkeepsie, X. Y., to prepare myself for a
business career. But I soon discontinued my study of book-
keeping for the more congenial study of penmanship. After
spending about two years there, nearly all the while teaching,
I gave up my position and came to Philadelphia and engaged
as a clerk with the P. R. R. Co. One day I saw an advertise-

and noted his physical proportions and his genial manner, I
felt that here was a man that I had to look up to. It was :it
least prudent.

"It is very gratifying to me to be able to say that our
friendship has continued without a break throughout all these
years. Just here I want to say that I have a souvenir which
he gave me many years ago, and 1 prize it highly. I presume
he has forgotten it. It is a handsome ruler. By this time he
had sized me uo, had taken my measure, as it were. He didn't
say so to me, but he may have said to himself, 'I'll give him a
hint to keep straight and to measure his words.' He kne'A
just how much I always enjoyed myself when I spoke in
public.

"Unfortunately, the ruler met with an accident some years
ago, through a fall, and was somewhat iniured, but 1 still
use it when I care to do any crooked work.

"I know a "ood many other -*ood things about him. Per

Top Row— Left to Right— l. T A. Olson
Sharp 6. A. W. Rich.

Bottom Row— Left to Right— 1. J. C. Shearer. 2
i of Honor. 5. J. E. Soulc.

mt-nt in the papers for a teacher of penmanship in a Com-
mercial School. I answered it, and, as I recall it, with very
little concern as to whether I received a reply or not. How-
ever, 1 was invited to call at the Crittenden Commercial Col-
of the pioneer business schools of the country, for an
interview, and I called. The college was located at the X. !•"..
corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets. Mr. John Groesbeck
was ths Principal. Satisfactory terms were arranged. I re-
signed my position with the P. R. R. Co., and soon after-
wards hcan my work as a Philadelphia teacher.

At that time I think there were only two other business
schools in the city., One at U'tli and Chestnut Streets, con-
ducted by Mr. Fairbanks, with A. R. Dunton as teacher of
Penmanship: the other, the Bryant & Stratton Business Col-
lege, in the Assembly Building, S \Y. corner of loth and
Chestnut Streets. Mr. Kimberly, Principal, and Mr. YVetzell,
teacher of penmanship Mr. Wetzell went to Brooklyn and
connected with the Adelphi Academy, and was succeeded bj
our honored host. Mr Smile and I were not long in becom-
ing acquainted. He was exceedingly cordial and courteous to
me and won my confidence at once. As I looked him over

I. W. Patten. 3. S. D, Holt 4. \Y C. Bostwick. 5. Peter T.
II. G. Healey. 3 R. S. Collins. 4. H. \Y. FUckinger, .he

haps he wouldn't like it if I should tell you of the many ele-
gant prizes he has won with his rifle; that he is an expert on
the golf field, and that lie has always been fond of movement
exercises, especially of the whole arm movement. There is
attached to his shoulder a sort of catapult which when put in
vigorous motion it sometimes makes the other fellow crazv,
and in his delirium he cries out, 'What on earth has hap-
pened?' It sounds somewhat shocking, doesn't it? But these
are only diversions to steady his nerves and to keep his six
feet in good working order. He and his trusted pen have
always been mi good terms. He knows that 'The pen is
mightier than the sword.' So that is the way he earns his
hoard. 1 need not refer to his artistic ability, nor t" the
character of his clientele. You know something of the ran^e
of his powers and of the character of his patronage Ymi
have seen his work.

"Looking back toward the long ago, it may he interesting
to recall some of the characteristics oLa few of the teachers
of writing whom I have met Beginning at Eastman College,
George F. Davis was at the head of the Penmanship Depart-

57 Lpym 5 -r-

% I % » %■% •

Ehr IBitBiupBB Journal

height, with verv black hair and very black eyes. Rather
brusque in manner, but pleasant enough after you became
acquainted with him. A good teacher but not a great pen-
man. 1 think be is still living. Associated with him were
Fielding Schofield, A. J. Newby and Henry A. Hutson. Mr.
Schofield left just as 1 began my studies. He went to Prov-
idence, R. I., and later to San Francisco, Cal. He became one
of our noted oenmen. At present 1 think he is living in or
mar Boston.

" \. J, Newby was a large and handsome man of command-
in" presence. He bad been a .Major in the army, and always
carried himself with soldierly dignity. He was one of the
most genial men 1 ever knew. A good penman and successful
teacher.

"Henry A. Hutson was more reserved, not so cordial, but
also a very good penman and teacher. He and Newby left
Eastman College, ioined interests, went to Newburgh and
opened a school, but it was not a great success, and they
separated. I do not know what became of Hutson. Major
Newby was at one time a teacher in Peirce College when it
was located at 8th and Spring Garden Streets. Later he was
Supervisor of Writing in the Public Schools of Detroit, Mich-
igan, where he ended his labors. Another penman whom 1
met during my connection with Eastman College was J. H.
Warren. He was then in charge of the Penmanship De-
partment of the Chicago Eastman Business College. We met
at a State Fair in Adrian. Michigan, where we were sent on
an advertising trip exhibiting large framed specimens of pen-
manship and handing to visitors flourished birds and beasts
just escaped from the pen. He was a small man, neat in
appearance and very full of self-esteem. A good, easy-
writer, hut limited in his ability to do all kinds of pen work.
Afterwards he came to this city and taught in Peirce College.
Later he opened a Writing Academy at the S. E. corner of
10th and Chestnut Streets.

"I must not forget to mention R. L. Dickson, an old-time
Writing Master. During the Civil War I was detailed fot
special duty at Camp Cadwallader. located in the north-
western --art of this citv. One of our clerks was acquainted
with Mr. Dickson and lie invited me to go with him to call
upon him, and we called We found him in his Writing
Academe at -".'I 1 lock Street. He was a large man about sixty
years of age, and a peculiar character. He always wore high
hat, and 1 never saw him when his head was uncovered. His
hair was always trimmed close to his head, and for this rea-
son Millie people supposed that he was a mulatto. After 1
located in Philadelphia I sometimes called to see him. He
Knew how to cut and use a miill. and did some very good
work, especially in German Text and Old English lettering
and the Engraver's Script. His main business seemed to be
engrossing resolutions and writing cards. I never saw more
than two or three pupils there at a time.

"A. R. Duftton left Philadelphia not long after I arrived,
and therefore I knew him but slightly. He was the author of
a -.erics of Writing Rooks beating hi- name, which were com-
petitors of the early Spencerian Seric-. Dunton was an elder-
Is man when 1 first saw him and of quite distinguished ap-
pearance-. He was a line writer but excelled especially in
shaded, retouched writing. He was an exrert at slight of
hand tricks and frequently entertained his friends with ex-
hibitions of his skill.

"Benjamin Eakins was another of the old-fashioned writing
masters. He was a very popular teacher and was employed
by a number of private schools, among them the Friends Cen-
tral School at 13th and Race Streets. His work was some-
what of the same character as that of Dickson. Mr. Eakins
was epiite an athlete. He was very fond of walking and
skating. His son Thomas Eakins is a celebrated artist.

"You have heard of George J. Becker, and know him as
the author of a fine work on Lettering. I first met him in
company with Mr. Thomas May Pierce who took me to
Girard College where he was engaged many vears as Pro-
fessor of Bookkeeping and Penmanship. He was artist.
engraver and penman. While on our visit to him i»e showed
US the book in which be wrote the Minutes of the Benjamin
Franklin Lodge .of Masons, of which be was Secretary. It
was a matchless production of high grade artistic pen work.
The title page showing a pen portrait of Franklin was ex-
quisitely done, and the lettering and script throughout the
book were practically perfect. And all this beautiful work
was executed by the use of one eye, as he had lost the sight
of the other. lie did his work with the most exact care. I
never have seen any off-hand flourishing from his pen. All
In- designs which represented flourishing, were carefully
drawn. Even in embellishing a line of lettering he always

drew all the curves and Idled in the shades, so that it must
have taken him a great while to produce even a small piece of
engrossing. He attained a riue old age.

"One of the most skillful penmen i knew was W. H. 11.
Wiesehahn of St. Louis, Mo., who was in his prime about
1880. While I was associated with Mr. Soule in conducting
a Special Penmanship Department of his school, Mr. Wiese
hahn paid us a visit.- He was a tall, lighthaired young man
and of very pleasing manner. 1 doubt whether we have a
penman today who can equal his marvelous skill in striking
bold, dashy capitals. And in my opinion, his pen drawings
have never been surpassed. Years ago he gave up penman-
ship and engaged in other business. He died a few years
ago.

"Alexander Cowley, of the Iron City Commercial College
of Pittsburg, Pcnna., had a fine reputation as a penman. His
name and work were among the first I learned to know. 1
met him but once after his retirement from school work,
when he was here on a visit. He was a small man and quite
dignified in appearance. For many years he lived in Pitts-
burg. I think that he and the celebrated John D. Williams
were competitors in the same city for a time. I have a num-
ber of specimens of his work in my scrap book, and judging
from the quality of his lines, he must have used a gold pen
almost exclusively, both for writing and flourishing. His
work had a peculiar appearance on account of the ink he
used. To me it was not pleasing.

"Henry C. Spencer, son of P. R. Spencer, Sr., the father
of the Spencerian System of Penmanship, was perhaps the
best known member of that celebrated family. After the
fathers' death the burden of the Copy Book work, so far as
the matter, and the plan were concerned, seemed to rest upon
his shoulders. But for the writing of the copies for the use
of the engraver, Lyman's matchless skill was utilized. Henry
was a great teacher and a very strong writer. Although he
and his brothers conducted a Writing Academy in Geneva,
Ohio, for a time, most of his life was spent in Washington,
D. C, where he and Mrs. Spencer conducted a successful
business school. I spent a portion of a year in Washington
with him and his brother Lyman, assisting them in the revi-
sion of the Copy Books, and another year, preceding the
centennial of our national independence, assisting them in the
production of a number of large display pieces which were
placed on exhibition to advertise Spencerian publications.

"I made the acquaintance of A. P. Root at the State Fair in
Dayton, Qhio, in 1866. He was there to represent the Felton
& Bigelow Business College of Cleveland, Ohio, and I, to
represent the Eastman College of Po'keepsie, X. V. That
was the beginning of a warm friendship which endured until
his death, not long since. He -was a genial little man. wedded
to his profession and a most successful teacher and author.
His accurate, dainty, penmanship is admired and sought
after by all lovers of beautiful script. He was one of the
very best exponents of the accurate Spencerian style, and
held himself exclusively to plain, practical writing, never veil
turing upon the laborious task of mastering lettering and
flourishing. In his teaching he frequently made use of jingle
lines — and he was quite a rhymester — to impress upon his
pupils the lessons he would teach. Being a native of Ohio,
much of his work was done there, as teacher in business
schools and as Supervisor of Penmanship in the Public
Schools of Cleveland. With his excellent work here in
Peirce College, and his beautiful Writing Slips, you are all
familiar.

"For several years another very promising penman was
among our number here in Philadelphia. I refer to the late
C. C. Canan. who possessed many admirable qualities. He
was extremely painstaking in all his work, and nothing ever
came from his pen but which reflected the utmost care in its
production. His untimely death was a great loss to our pro-
fession.

"I will speak last of L. Madarasz, the last of the great
masters of the pen to leave us. Majestic in physical appear-
ance, but crenial and courteous in manner. Mighty in the
force of his shaded stroke-, yet exquisitely delicate in the
■ race of his hair lines.

"Strength and delicacy were wonderfully combined. Beau-
tiful in conception and marvelous in execution, his work
stands forth as the embodiment of grace and beautv, and the
inspiration of the best writer- of the dav.

"In this rambling screed I feel that I have done but slight
justice to the merits of the departed members of our be-
loved craft. I hoDe you will pardon me if I have wearied you.

'Suffer me. in say, that I believe that the moral

standard of our penmen is higher to-day than in vears gone
by. and I trust that in so far as we can influence a still

<Tl)p Buainraa Journal

higher standard we shall use every effort, by precept and by
example, to encourage men to honor a noble calling by an
upright and noble character.

"We are hurrying all together

Toward the silence and the night ;
There is nothing worth the seeking
But the sun-kissed moral height;
There is nothing worth the doing
But the doing of the right."

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

R. D. Lasley, Blue Lick, Mo., is now with the Southern
Commercial School and Audit Company, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Herman C. Joy has charge of the commercial work in
Jefferson, Iowa, High School.

G. W. Adams, Elizabeth City, X. C, has engaged with
the Xew South College, Beaumont, Texas.

Barnes Business College, St. Louis, Mo., has secured the
services of Charles Peabody.

J. M. Moose, Janesville, Wis, is with the Steubenville,
Ohio, Business College.

E. M. Carmody is the new teacher in the Spencer Busi-
ness School, Kingston, X. V.

Wm. Billings, of Passaic, X. J., is now with the Clarks-
ville, Tenn., High School.

E. L. Milligan, formerly of West Point, Miss., is engaged
in high school work at Mobile, Ala.

The commercial work in the Milton, Pa., High School is
under the direction of Miss Marion Xoonan this year.

Geo. C. Hutchison, late of the Omaha, Xeb., Commercial
College, goes to the Mankato, Minn.. Commercial College.

G. H. Ringle, of Hillsdale, Mich., is now in charge of the
Peterson Business College, Scottdale, Pa.

Eldridge Barger, of the Bowling Green Ky., Business
University, is teaching the commercial branches at the pres-
ent time in the Kentucky Xormal College, Louisa, Ky.

The Willmar, Minn., High School has engaged Miss Sigur-
lang Gudmundson to take charge of the commercial work.

J. Wilbur McAlone, Point Pleasant, Pa., is now in charge
of the commercial work in the Vicksburg, Miss., High
School.

Miss Signe H. Pearson, of Lynn, Mass., is a recent addi-
tion to the office force of the National Park Seminary,
Forest Glen, Md.

Miss Alice E. Fraser, formerly of the Orange, Mass.,
High School, has accepted a position as head of the com-
mercial work in the Franklin, Mass., High School.

Miss Addie Tourongeau, recently of the Laurium, Mich,
Business College, is now engaged in Houghton, Mich.

C. J. Styer, late with the Central Business College,
Roanoke, Va.. is now with Leech's Actual Business College,
Greensburg, Pa.

EFFICIENCY METHODS.

I)r Frederick Taylor estimates that there are over 30,000
workmen in the United States whose wages have been in-
creased from :;:;', to 100% by scientific management, and
their employers are in every instance more prosperous than
formerly. In these companies tin- output per man and
machine has on an average been doubled, and there has never
been a strike.

The use of Adding Machines, tiling devices and calculating
appliances of all kinds are not developed as they should be.

Sot i these machines are lying idle many hours of each

day when they might he profitably utilized. Watch out for

leaks of this kind.

I iih iency in the factory is shown by ascertaining the exact
lost of manufacturing every article. The reports should

show the real efficiency of every man and every machine
Time is necessarily the essential factor and the hourly cost
should in all cases be ascertained.

The cost of selling every article should be ascertained in
the efficiency methods of the present day. The sales reports
should not only show the volume of business done, classified
as to territories and branch offices, but it should be com-
pared with the corresponding month of the previous year.

In all calculations of cost the overhead expenses of main-
taining the office should not be overlooked.

"There are many waste places in an average business. For
instance, excess in non-productive labor ; improper distri-
bution of men's time; abnormal inflation of piece work
prices ; materials incorrectly applied against orders ; inexact
methods of computing overhead costs; erroneous application
of percentage costs ; executive costs not applied against pro-
duction; inadequate method of handling time and payroll.
To these may be added the following leaks : Stoppage of
business to take inventory ; shipments not charged to cus-
tomers' accounts. Laxity in handling credits and charged to
customers' accounts. Laxity in handling credits and collec-
tions; cumbersome office methods and excessive clerical help;
improper depreciation of fixed investments: overloading by
failure to create proper reserve accounts." The Cost Cul
ters.

THE TYPEWRITER INDUSTRY.

Among the many American industries which distribute their
products throughout the world and lead the old industrial
nations of Europe in size and importance, none is more typical
of the aggressiveness and success of the American com-
mercial spirit than the typewriter industry. It is stated upon
competent authority that 90 per cent of the typewriters used
in the civilized world are made in the United States. Not-
withstanding the large and growing market for typewriters
in England, Germany and France, countries numbering in
their population many skilled industrial workers, the fact
remains that the people of these countries use American
typewriters to a larger extent than ever before, although for
several years foreign manufacturers have had machines on
the market and have competed vigorously at home and abroad.

While typewriters were originally designed for regular
correspondence, they are today used for all classes of tabu-
lating, statistical and accounting work, so that many cor-
porations use from four to ten times more typewriters in
this work than they use for correspondence.. The most re-
markable growth in the typewriter industry in the past
decade has been that of the Underwood Typewriter Company
which is today one of the largest companies in the world
making typewriters. The Underwood Standard Typewriter
was the original front stroke, visible-writing machine, and
upon its appearance on the market in 1897 met with im-
mediate' popular approval, which, we are informed, has
constantly grown in all countries to such an extent that for
several years the sales of Underwood machines have beer
phenominal.

The design and construction of the type bar mechanism
embrace three parts, the lowest possible number, and the
resultant responsiveness of the keys, when struck, gives an
ease of operation and positive accuracy with a minimum

exertion on the part of the operator. The Underv, I

Standard Typewriter represents the highest degree of
mechanical efficiency yet attained in the construction of
typewriters, according to the verdicts of committees oi
awards of various expositions, as we are informed it has
received the highest award from every exposition of im-
portance held in the world since 1900, in addition to re-
ceiving the Elliott Cresson gold medal, the highest award
of the Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, comprising the
foremost body of mechanical engineers in this country.
In all recent championship typewriting contests in the United
States and Europe the Underwood has won the first plan
and usually the second and third places. These achievements
arc- matters of pride to the makers of the machine and
explain in a large measure the reasons why the machine
occupies the foremost position of popularity we have pre-
viouslv referred to.

M/*~ri Sl~

K\S>\%\K%

Etft Uitautfaa Sournal

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER ACCOUNTING.

By S. B. Koopman.

Solution to Problem in January Journal.

Willie 4 Hart

Statement of Affaire

l!arch 4, 1911

' !

Tstiir.ateo

Total Expected

"nine

-:«

LillhilitlM.

L abi:

f9 jr. .-ark

~aeh

I'otee Receivable

1390

304
3040

50 j

304
1390

rotee Payable

Creditors Unsecured

Creditors Partly Secured (Securiti

e $5000)

30900
8000

3090C
3000

7 SO

Amount secured, j5C00, deducted

per contra

37350

Creditors Fully Secured

16650

Securities Pledged

5000

3000

Claims: Deducted per contra

15700

Surplus: Included arrong assets

Securities (Pledged)

16000

Mortgages Payable (Fully secured)

13000

3000

On Machinery

IO00O

On Horses i Wagons

3000

500

teducted per contra

Overdraft Flrat Kat ' 1 Bank

1500

Overdraft, Firet National Bank
Securities pledged

3000

5000

Stock * Materials (Depreciation 3C£)

14700

10390

Overdraft: Deducted per contra

3500

5000

Surplus: Included among, assets

l-.achlr.ery

Less Depreciation 30r.

10000

3000

Contingent Liability

3000

■:otes Receivable Discounted

8000

Uncollectible

Mortgage

5000

Preferred Claims

310

1510

HorseB 4 Tagone (mortgaged for J300C)

4340

Taxes

Fixtures (tepreciatlon 50^)

93134

41984

Deducted per contra

1510

teduct: Preferred Claims, per contra

teflciency ae per reflciencv a/c

1P345

t)()

'_■ !-■_*

_s -. .

-rCC

88610

5P820 ._

Assets available for distribution are
estimated to provide a dividend of 66.809*'
on claims aggregating $58830. exclusive of
expenses of realization.

Willie & Hart
Deficiency Account

Trade Expenses

7854

Capital:

Sundry Losses

13431. 5C

30375

Willis

Hart

30000
10000

30000

Shrinkages:

Notes Receivable

750

Deficiency as. per Statement of Affairs

18345

Debtors:

Doubtful 3000

Bad 15700

18700

Stock & Material

4410

Machinery

3000

Horses & Wagons

1340

Fixtures

1050

38150

Teduct:

Appreciation of House & Lot

1500

36650

Met Shrinkage

Notes Receivable Discounted

430

Partners Drawings:

Willis

800

Hart

300

1000

4P345

48345

NOTES ON SOLUTION OF PROBLEM NO. 3.
The Statement of Affairs shows the assets arranged in
the order in which they can be realized. The assets are ar-
ranged in two columns. The first column shows the nom-
inal or book value of all the assets and the second column
shows the value each group of assets is expected to produce.
In the case of the Securities only the excess can be counted
among the assets as the secured creditors would return only
the amount remaining after their claims had been satisfied.
The House and Lot appreciated in value and the second
column shows tlxs- estimated value at the time the statement
was prepared. As the Horses & Wagons were sold for the
am. mnt of the mortgage they will not add to the amount of
the assets and of course cannot be entered in the Estimated
to Realize column. Preferred claims are required by law to be
paid before the ordinary creditors receive anything and there-
fore have been deducted from the assets. This leaves the
net assets for distribution, $4<MT4..')0. The liabilities also are
arranged in two columns. The first column shows the total
liabilities and the second column shows what each group of
liabilities is expected to rank. Creditors Partly Secured are
to be paid only for the amount of claims not secured as the
secured claims were deducted from the value of the Securi-

Creditors and Mortgages also. The Contingent Liability of
Notes Receivable Discounted is entered in the total liabilities
column for the full amount but extended for only $420 as we
expect that is all that will prove to be uncollectable. The
Preferred Claims are included among the total liabilities but
not extended as they have been deducted from the assets.
The difference between the Expected to Rank column and the
Estimated to Realize column shows a balance of $18345.50
This is the amount of the Deficiency and is verified by the
Deficiency Account.

Appended to the asset -i<lo of the Statement of Affairs is a
note showing the per cent, of dividend that the assets are
estimated to provide for the ordinary creditors.

On the left side of the Deficiency Account we entered the
Trade Expenses and Sundry Losses as given in the state-
ment of facts, and below these the Shrinkages of the various
assets in the order in which they were entered in the State-
ment of Affairs. From the Shrinkages we deducted the ap-
preciation of the House & Lot. leaving a Xet Shrinkage of
| Below this we entered the loss on Xotes Receivable

Discounted and the Drawings of the partners. On the right
side we entered the capital of the firm and found the differ-
ence between the two sides to be $18345.50, which agrees with

XII

QJljp Uuauteaa Journal

THE FEEDOGRAPH A TIME SAVER FOR TYPE-
WRITERS.

The idea of eliminating all waste movements is the highest
principle in efficiency and economy. Inventors are ever
striving to reach this ideal and one of the latest machines
for economizing labor is the Feedograph. The name is
somewhat suggestive of a free lunch counter and when we
heard of it first we wondered whether it was a machine to
take the place of the fork or a new method for introducing
soft food into the inmost recesses of infantile organisms.
We were pleasingly mistaken however as the Feedograph is
a machine devised to avoid the tedious, time-consuming
method of picking up a thousand sheets and inserting them
one by one into the avaricious platen of a typewriter. It is
an attachment that can be placed on any standard typewriter,
and when in position one hundred sheets of note paper can

be placed in the receptacle at a time. Then after the guides
are set, the paper is fed automatically, and sheet after sheet
consecutively, into the typewriter each sheet in its proper
position. All the operator has to do is to merely typewrite
and as she pulls out the finished sheet, the next sheet auto-
matically takes its place. The feeding of the sheets is always
in sight and the mechanism is so simple that there is nothing
to get out of order. It is claimed that it will save 50% of
the operators time and that of course means money. The
machine is built compactly, yet lightly of aluminum, and is
supported in such a manner that while traveling back and
forth with the typewriter carriage, it offers no perceptible
resistance to the regular movement. The price of the Feedo-
graph, with case is $30 and it is manufactured by the
.American Feedograph Co. Inc. of 20 South Sixth Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

The Feedograph was primarily designed for typewriting
the names and addresses in circular and form letters and for
this purpose it should certainly prove indispensable and a
great saver of time. It has however been used and adapted
for other work, such as addressing folders, wrappers, checks,
brief letters and a number of other purposes, for all oi
which work it has given the greatest satisfaction.

News Notes.
I., ('. Met aim. of Mc( .inn's Business College, Mahanoy

l ity, I'a. in a recent letter renewing his subscription writes

us as billows: "I believe I have been a subscriber for tins
paper for nearly thirty years. It was my inspiration and
guide in the earlj BO's, and you can find it on my desk any
time."

In the Sunday American Reveille, December 31, 1911, ap-
peared a two-pagi advertisement of the Bellingham, Wash.,
Business College, profusely illustrated with cuts showing
the different departments and photographs "f the instruc-
tors Mr. Caskej recently took entire charge "i this scl 1.

and we can see that he is making splendid progress.

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY, Tribune Building. New York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal.
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Bennett, R. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St-, New York.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters' Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square, New York.

Bliss Publishing Co.. Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Goodyear-Marshall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons, J. A., Si Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S., 101 East 23rd St., New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe, H. M., & Co.. Baltimore, Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAFfci^ & 'J YPtWRITER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New York.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENCiL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman. I., & Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A„ 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, 111.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co.. Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Graham, A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S.. 110 E. 23rd St., New York.

Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pitman, Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 45th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., new Orleans. La.

Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Aristos or Janes' Shadeless Shorthand.
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New York.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons. J. A., & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Pitman. Isaac. & Son. 2 W. 45th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Company. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans, La.
TYPEWRITERS.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.

TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadwav, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New iork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadwav, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 80 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARJ).

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
1 YPE WRITERS (INTERCHANGFABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty-»writer Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewritei I o., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadwav, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
WR] riNG DEVICE

Writing Form Co., Silk City Bank Bldg., Paterson, N. J.

Ulljr IBuHtnraa Hournal

XIII

MEETING OF THE NATIONAL PRIVATE COM-
MERCIAL SCHOOL MANAGERS' ASSOCIATION.

HE National Private Commercial School Man-
agers' Association, at the request of a large
majority of the membership held their Annual
Convention at the Hotel LaSalle, Chicago, 111.,
December 14, 15, 16, 1911.

The Convention was made up wholly of commercial man-
agers or proprietors, and thus devoted itself entirely to the
executive side of commercial school work.

The representation of membership was well distributed
over the country, there being members in attendance as far
east as Hartford, Conn. ; west as Denver, Colo. ; and south
as Texas.

This strictly Managers' meeting brought out a larger at-
tendance than there has been at the Managers' Meeting as a
section of the National Organization.

At nine o'clock prompt Thursday morning, President B. F.
Williams called the Association to order. Many of the mem-
bers having arrived in the city the day before, the enrollments
were practically all made previous to the meeting, so that the
regular business of the session was taken up. The first
roll call showed an attendance of about one hundred members.
The usual welcome and responses, as accorded Conventions,
were omitted and the Association got right down to its own
work.

President William's address showed most thoughtful
preparation and clear reasoning on the benefits that must
come from a united effort on behalf of the Private Schools.
His many recommendations were enthusiastically received.
These did not deal in generalities, but got down to the "brass
tacks" level of doing things.

The Secretary-Treasurer's report showed the Association
to be in good condition financially.

The next number on the program "What We Ought to
Accomplish at This Meeting" by H. B. Boyles, Omaha, Ne-
braska, in which he emphatically outlined the ethical standard
to which this Association ought to commit itself in advertis-
ing and also advanced the idea that this meeting should go
on record as advocating Advertising and Salesmanship as
parts of our courses. The discussion of Mr. Boyle's able
paper bv Messrs. Cadwell, Holm, and Gates, brought out
many more helpful points for consideration at this meeting.

Otis 1.. Trenary, of Racine, Wis., gave a very strong and
helpful address on "How this Association may Provide for
the Closer Affiliation of its Members, and for More Tangible
Results." He made the keynote of his paper a more stable
confidence in the rank and file of our profession. His paper
brought to the floor for discussion and argument other well
known men, namely, W. B. Elliott. J. J. Krider. G. W. Brown,
J. R. Gregg, Morton MacCormac, and Uncle Roht. Spencer.

The Convention was invited to take lunch with the Chicago
Association of Commerce, and let it be said to the credit of
our profession, that they acquitted themselves nicely in their
after-dinner talks.

Two o'clock again found the Convention listening to a
very forceful address by G. W. Brown on "A Code of
Ethics for the School that employs Solicitors." Mr. Fish
and Mr. Byrne led the discussion of Mr. Brown's address.

The next speaker was nut associated directly with the
private schools, but that he brought to our Convention one
of the best and most helpful efforts of our Convention was
credited In- all the members. "Suggestions for the Imorove-
ment of School Advertising." by Frederick Ward, of Freder-
ick Ward's Advertising Copy Service, Chicago, III. Although
Mr. Ward is in the advertising business, he did not hesitate
to five our Association the benefit of his experience and
training so as to assist us in increasing our business. R. H.
Peck, of St. Louis. Mo., discussed Mr. Ward's paper. These
two addresses will surely be of much assistance to school
managers in the preparation of advertising copy.

The next speaker. W. H. Gilbert, of Marshalltown. Iowa,
ablv handled the subject: "How We Mav Educate the Gen-
eral Public to the Acceptance of Nine Months as the Aver-
age Time for the Completion of the Commercial Course.
Rather Than Six Months." The discussion of this_ address
bv L. E. Stacy, O. L. Trenary and J. D. Brunner. indicated
that the speakers were largely of the same mind upon the
lenerthening of our course.

The next number of the program. D. D. Mueller, Cincin-
nati. Ohio, being absent, John R. Gregg gave his character-
istic talk on "The Psychology of the Higher Tuition Rate."

President Williams had announced in advance that the
Chicago Meeting was going to be a working Convention,
and be kept his word by not only filling every day with

Convention matters, but taking the evenings as well. At
eight o'clock of the first evening the President again called
the Convention to order, and the entire evening was devoted
to the report of the work of the Field Secretary, Almon F.
Gates, Waterloo, Iowa. The members had become so w-ell
acquainted with the work of the Field Secretary through his
monthly report during the year, that they were anxious to
hear the summary of his work and as a result the evening
meeting was well attended. The report showed that through
co-operative buying for the schools desiring to take advantage
of his special purchasing arrangement that a great savinu had
been brought to them. The report drew a heated discussion
for the retention as well as the discontinuance of a Field
Secretary, but the benefits so largely outweighed the objec-
tions in the minds of the majority in attendance that it could
almost be assumed in advance that the Committee on Recom-
mendations would ask that the Field Secretaryship be re
tained.

The program for Friday morning started off at nine o'clock
sharp with M. H. Lockyear, of Evansville, Ind.. handling.
"What Changes in the Orthodox Commercial Course are
Demanded by Modern Business Conditions?" Those follow-
ing our Conventions know that Mr. Lockyear always has
something to say. and in keeping with all previous efforts,
his paper at the Chicago Meeting was well above par. The
discussion of his paper was led by M. B. Byron, of Cincinnati.
O. ; F. C. Barnes. Denver, Colo.: W. A. Warriner, Des
Moines, Iowa, and H. J. Holm, Chicago, 111.

W. N. Watson, in a high-class, broad guage manner brought
from the subject "What this Association can do to Assist
the Member who has to Meet Undesirable Competition," a
plan for accrediting the standard schools, thus enabling the
public to rightfully judge the good schools. H. E. V. Porter,
of Jamestown, N. Y., led the discussion of Mr. Watson's
paper, which was afterwards taken up in general by the mem-
bers.

The next subject "The Employment and the Management
of the Faculty" was practically a new one before our Con-
ventions and was handled with a high degree of practical
apolication to the school proper by W. B. Elliott. After
this paner had been fully discussed bv Fnos Spencer, of Louis-
ville, Ky., and others, the managers realized the importance of
this phase of their business. The discussion undoubtedly
will have the effect to make this branch of school work less
troublesome.

The Friday forenoon session was closed by an address by
the enthusiastic president of the National Commercial Teach-
ers' Federation, Morton MacCormac on "What this Associa-
tion Ought to do Before the Spokane Meeting." If there,
was any one wdio was lukewarm on the Spokane meeting
Mr. MacCormac brought them to a boiling point for the
Julv meeting.

The afternoon session opened with the subject "Salesman-
ship in the Commercial School" by H. F. Read. Mr. Read
was not only at home with his subject but was master of
the home as well. He answered a rapid fire of questions
regarding the installation of a course in Salesmanship in
the schools.

"Business Efficiency" was the subject of a most excellent
discussion by J. S. Knox.

The remaining portion of the afternoon session as pro-
vided by the program was to call up for discussion any of
the following topics that the members should desire to hear
discussed :

(a) How many kinds of typewriters should be used in
the schools ?

lb) Price concessions that are fair both to the manu-
facturer of office appliances and to the school.

(c) What should be the attitude of members of this
Association toward other members with whom they come into
competition?

(d) To what extent i- it desirable to limit membership in
this Association?

Ce't Should the endorsement of this Association be used
\>\ tin- members for advertising purposes?'

ff) How mav favorable general publicity for commercial
education be best secured ?

(gl Are the commercial high schools a menace or a
benefit to the private school?

These discussions elicited from the leading men of our
work some of their strongest and most applicable expressions
as reeards the work of our Association. In taking up the
general business of the Association the election resulted in
the retention of the present officials until the July meeting at
Spokane.

At eight o'clock Friday evening the sessions were con-
tinued at an informal dinner where H. D. Sparks. Miss E M.

XIV

Zift jBitaittPBa ilournal

Johnston, H. E. V. Porter, A. E. Stossmeister, E. M. Ross,
E. M. Huntsinger, G. W. Brown and John R. Gregg told
"The one thing that increased the attendance at their schools
most." The Toastmaster of the occasion was the clever and
congenial Morton MacCormac.

The Saturday session was called to order promptly at nine
o'clock by President Williams and the Advertising Problem
was discussed from the following standpoints, without even
an interruption for luncheon as the luncheon was a part of
the regular meeting:

(a) The Mailing List. J. J. Krider.

(b) The Follow-up System. W. H. Gilbert.

(d) The Catalogue. D. C. Rugg.

(e) Copy. E. F. Goit.

At 2:30 the Convention adjourned with the common opinion
that it was the hardest working Convention we have ever had
and that more real good had been done than in any Convention
previously held by this Association. The printed report of the
Convention we believe will justify this opinion in the minds
of those who could not be with us.

THE COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION OF
INDIANA.

December 26-28, 1911, Indianapolis, Ind.
T was a good convention — that held by the Indiana
Association during Christmas week at the hub of
the central states, Indianapolis.

There were no fireworks, no spectacular out-
breaks, no bursts of burning »lonuence, if we

cept the address made by the ex-Mayor of Indianapolis as
he launched out on his topic, "What a business man expects
in a stenographer."

The hard work of preparation for the meeting was carried
through by the diligence and perseverance of Thos. F. Camp-
bell. As chairman of the Executive Committee, and because
of the illness of President S. H. East, Mr Campbell assumed
the whole burden. Our well-known friend. Miss Gertrude
Hunnicutt, now of the Stenotype Co., Owensboro, Ky., hand-
Ted the gavel in a royal, dignified and inspiring manner.

The attendance was light, but the program was meaty . no
body bored: everybody happy. From the opening number—
a dinner through the courtesy of the Bobbs Merrill Co. —
through to the business session, there we'e no dull, unpu-'.U-
ble moments. The papers were good: the discussions bitter.
if pcssible: there were no acrimonious discussions, little
bl aggadocio.

W J. Thisselle, Indianapolis, presented the responsibility of
the business college for the moral welfare of its pupils. A.
H Spr.ml handled the questions, "Is a grammar school gradu-
ate ready to enter business college? Should he be expected
t.> he ready? Ought the grammar grades to furnish suffi-
cient education for the average business man or woman of
to-day." His answers were all in the negative. The funda-
mental purposes of the public schools were set forth, and the
changes now in progress, together with reasons for further
and more radical changes were outlined.

As intimated above, Mr. Bookwalter, ex-Mayor of Indian-
apolis, made the sensation of the meeting. He described the
business college graduate as the "finished product" of that in-
stitution, and as being the "raw material" of the business man,
claiming that not three in one hundred were entitled to be
called stenographers. He "locked horns with the curriculum
of the public schools." His requirements were "horse-
sense." ability to spell, familiarity with the word* of the Eng-
lish language, and current reading to keep abreast of the
times. "The ability of a man is limited by his stenographer
and nd by his brains." Because of the incompetence of
Stenographers "tin- recording angel has callouses on his fingers
now "

F. W. Mosher, Omaha. Xeb., presented ideals in shorthand
and typewriting and told how to attain them. Geo. W. Brown,
Peoria, 111., he of the twenty-nine schools, told what should

be accomplished in a business course. The reply by Mr. von

Ammerman, Indianapolis, precipitated a flood of dis

and questions, asked and answered by everybody in general.

Mr. Brown introduced the subject of Penmanship and gave
a demonstration of his method and ideas in analyzing and
teaching the subject.

\\ ednesday evening, as a change from the technical discus-
sions, Hewitt Hanson Howland. Editor-in-Chief of the Pub-
lication Department of The Bobbs-Merrill Co., gave an en-
joyable lecture on the "Story nf a Manuscript."

W. A. Dchority, Chief-examiner of the Indiana State Board
of Accounts, gave a very helpful and illuminating presenta-
tion of the subject, "Bookkeeping, auditing and investigation."
Indiana has stepped to the front in the line of systematizing
and standardizing all municipal offices, from road supervisor
to auditor of state. The law has been in effect only four
years. In the first year alone, country and township expendi-
ture fell $800,000. Mr. Dehority presented many documents
and photographs of original papers showing how public offi-
cials had been negligent or criminal in the conduct of their
public trust.

At the business meeting the organization of an Ohio Valley
Commercial Teachers' Association, to be composed of the
commercial teachers of the high schools and business schools
of West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky, was
discussed. Owing to the small representation from other
states no organization was effected, but a committee was ap-
pointed to interest the other states. The committee consists
of M. H. Lockyear, Evansville; Enos Spencer, Louisville;
C. P. Zaner, Columbus, Ohio; H. B. Henkel. Springfield, 111.,
and W. B. Elliott, Wheeling, W. Va.

Officers of the Indiana Association were elected as follows :

President — M. H. Lockyear. Evansville, Ind.

Vice-President — A. H. Sproul, Indianapolis, Ind.

Secretary-Treasurer — Miss Gertrude Hunnicutt, Owensboro.
Ky.

Owensboro, Ky., was sekcted as the next place of meeting.

Immediately upon the adjournment of the Indiana Associa-
tion, with the same officers presiding, and in accordance with
the expressed wish of the members, steps were taken to form
a new section of the Indiana State Teachers' Association to
be open to all commercial teachers. Officers were elected as
follows :

President — A. H. Sproul, Public Schools, Indianapolis, End

Vice-President — Chas. C. Cring, Central Business College,
Indianapolis, Ind.

Secretary-Treasurer — I. E. Grisso, High School, Hunting-
tun. Ind.

Executive Chairman — V. M. Rubert. Lockyear's Business
College, Evansville, Ind.

ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NEW YORK

STATE STENOGRAPHERS' ASSOCIATION.
The Thirty-sixth Annual Convention of the Xew York
State Stenographers' Association was held at the Press
Club, Xew York City, on Wednesday and Thursday, De
cember 27 and :.'*. mil. The President. Edward J. Shalvey,
of Xew York, occupied the chair, and there were about one
hundred members and guests present during the proceed-
ings.

The annual addres> of the President called attention to
several discrepancies in the laws relating to court stenog-
raphers, and suggested several amendments more favor-
able to the members of the association. The chairman,
James M. Ruso, and secretary, Henry L. Beach, of the new
Board of C. S. R. Examiners, were present, and invited
ons t" aid them in equitably awarding degrees
under the waiver clause in the law. The association voted
it to be the sense of those present that the degree be

'leyrn S-f-

(EIjp SuBtttPBH 3ournal

awarded to all Official Supreme Court and General Ses-
sions Reporters and to those vouched for by such re-
porters. The leading papers read at the meeting were:

"An Open Letter to the N. V. S. S. A," by George
Angus.

"The Shorthand Reporter on the Witness Stand," by
Willard B. Bottome.

"Reminiscences of Forty Years as a Stenographer," by
George F. Bishop.

"The Need of Professional Training for Shorthand Re-
porters," by Frank H. Burt.

"The Trend of Things," by Frederick Harris.

"A Greeting from the Everglades," by Miss Minnie E.
Kehoe.

"Shall We Banish the Folio," by S. B. McClinton.

"Shorthand Fluency," by Clyde H. Marshall.

"A Belated Appreciation : George Wakeman," by Spencer
C Rodgers.

"Official Stenographers of the New York Legislature, by
Wunhoonose, of Anywhere, N. Y .," by Spencer C. Rodgers

"Standardization," by Theo. F. Shuey.

"A -Mental Auxiliary (Sometime after Stockton!," by
Theodore C. Rose. •

"The Utility of Stenography," by II- C. Demming.

"The Shorthand Society of London, England, and Its
Magazine, Shorthand," by William D. Bridge.

The President appointed Ernest B. Elson, Harry M. Kid-
der and H. C. Keyes as a Committee on Civil Service Laws
and Methods, and Charles M. Elmer, Richard P. July and
George M. Laubshire a Committee on Folio Counting.
Harry W. Wood read the report of the Executive Com-
mittee for the past year, and Earl H. Keller submitted the
report of the Legislative Committee.

The officers for the ensuing year 1912 were appointed as

fl llll iu S .

President, Harry W. Wood, of New York: Yice-Presi-
dent, Karl F. Colson, of Albany : Chairman of Executive
Committee: Willard B. Bottome. of New York: Chairman
of Legislative Committee, Earl H. Keller, of Long Island
City: Secretary-Treasurer, Harry M. Kidder, of Xew York
Librarian and Editor, David H. O'Keefe, of Brooklyn.

EASTERN COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIA-
TION.
The convention of the E. C. T. A. will be held in
Albany, X. Y.. April 4. ?. 6, next. The headquarters will
bo at the Hotel TenEyck. The sessions of the conven-
tion will be held either in the auditorium of the State
Xornial College or the Chamber of the Assembly in the
Capitol Building. The tentative program arranged is as
follow*:

THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
Two addresses of welcome — local speakers, either the
Mayor of Albany, the President of the Chamber of Com-
merce the Superintendent of Schools, etc.

Reply on behalf of the Association, by E. H. Fisher.

Address by the President.

"Business English" — Mr. Hotchkiss, New York Uni-

\ ersity.

Probable address by Dr. E. II. Meade, Wharton School,
University of Pennsylvania.

THURSDAY EVENING.

Public Meeting — with a prominent speaker. probably-
United States Commissioner of Education, P. P. Claxton:
followed by a reception under the auspices of the Local
Committee.

FRIDAY MORNING.
I i immercial Education "

"Suggested Course in Commercial Training for Teach-
ers" D3 W. N. Ferns. Big Rapids, Mich.

"( opportunities Offered by Extension and Summer Work
for Additional Training" — Dr. Clapp, New York Uni-
versity.

"Methods of Teaching Bookkeeping"— Speaker open.

"Methods of Teaching Typewriting" — Speaker open.

Discussion — forty-five minutes.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
"Night School Conference."

"How to Obtain and Hold Night School Pupils"—
Speaker open.

"Wherein would Teaching in the Night School Differ
from that of the Day School?" — Mr. Rynearson, Supervisor
of High Schools, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

Discussion — forty-five minutes.
Penmanship.

"Shorthand Penmanship" — either P. Budlong or II G.
Healey.

Discussion — ten minutes.

"Longhand Penmanship" — probably H. C. Patrick. York,
Pa.

Discussion — ten minutes.

FRIDAY EVENING.

Annual Banquet — three speakers. No definite announce-
ment of these as yet.

This banquet to be held at the Hotel TenEyck.
SATURDAY MORNING.

"Rapid Calculation" — Speaker open.

"Training of Office Help, from the Employer^ Poinl
of View"- — Probably from the General Electric Company,
Schenectady, N. Y.

"Bookkeeping" — Mrs. Hilton, William Penn High
School, Philadelphia, Pa.

"The Teaching of Raw Materials of Commerce" — W. P.
Raine, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
SATURDAY AFTERNOON.

Business Meeting.

CONNECTICUT BUSINESS EDUCATORS- MEET-
ING.

The next annual convention of the Connecticut Business
Educator^' Association will be held in Yale Business I i [
lege. New Haven, Saturday Feb. 10th.

W. M. Bayliss of the Gutchess Business College, Bridge-
port, will sneak on shorthand; Miss Agnes Collins, Bridge-
port High School will speak on typewriting: C. W. Hoyt
of New Haven will give a talk on advertising and sales-
manship: A. Tracey Doughty of the Merrill Business Col-
lege, Portchester. N. Y.. will give a paper on Engli-h and
Harry Houston of New Haven will give a talk on pen-
manship.

In the afternoon there will be a shorthand contest for
the state championship of Connecticut for which a medal
has been offered by W. I. Monroe of Waterbury. There
will be also a shorthand contest for a medal offered by
H. C. Post of Waterbury and another medal offered by
N. B. Stone for the best student in typewriting who has
begun the study since Sept. 1st, 1911.

The article on Scientific Management in this issue is an
abstract of a talk given by Mr. Emerson before a body
of New York Teachers. It is the first of a seric> along
similar lines.

CARL C. MARSHALL LECTURES ON CHESS.
All the members of the profession are aware that our
versatile friend. C. C. Marshall, of the Goodyear-Marshal!
Company, is an adept at the game of chess, and they will
be interested to know that he has been engaged bv the
Y. M. C. A. of Cedar Rapids. Iowa, to edve a series of
four lectures on this interesting game. The subjects of
the various lectures are. "The Nature and History of
Chess;" "Chess Strategy:" "The Psychology of Chess:"
"Paul Morphv. the Greatest Chess Genius the World has
ever Known". Mr. Marshall, is as well known in the
riu— world as he is in education, and no one i> better
qualified to explain its mysteries, as well a* its beauties.
i.i .i popular audience. No game surpasses it as a mental
recreation, and schools would do their students a ser-
vice by offering opportunities to learn it.

National Commercial Teachers' Federation

SPOKANE

JULY 15-19, 1912.

XVI

Zht SuainfBH 3ournal

IN MEMORIAM.

Timotliy P. McMenamin,
Son of the late James and Bridget McMenamin.
Born in Philadelphia, August 14th, 1866.
Departed this life December 31, 1911.
The beginning of Mr. McMenamin's study of penmanship
was under the famous penman, A. P. Root, who was at that
time instructor in Peirce School. Mr .McMenamin constant-
ly applied himself and through his efforts was soon appointed
Mr. Root's assistant. For the past 20 years he had been em-
ployed at various times as teacher of penmanship and the
commercial branches in the following schools: The Catho-
lic Convent, Peirce School, Temple University, almost all of
the Y. M. C. A. branches in this city, Central High School,
Walnut Lane School, Germantown Academy, Banks Busi-
ness College, and the Roman Catholic High School where he
was teaching up to the time of his last illness, which was
apparently brought on by overwork.

T. P. McMenamin.

He was a strong, rapid, legible business writer, a teacher
of unusual finalities and a thorough scholar, he was also
recognized as one of the leading experts in handwriting, testi-
fying in several important cases, and in his early life was
an athlete, being proficient in the manly art of self defence;
at one time holding the amateur light-weight boxing cham-
pionship of Philadelphia.

The writer has been intimately associated with him for
the past 18 wars, ami words are t < ■ ^ ■ inadequate to express bis
heartfelt sorrow and commiseration at a time of such over-
whelming grief. The penmanship fraternity knew him for
hi -^ broad-gauge fellowship, his uncompromising honest] and
tin height and cleanliness of his thoughts. They have lost a
splendid brother who was beloved and respected by all who
knew him. S. 1 >. HOLT.

OBITUARY.
Joseph MacAllister Vincent.

We regret to have to annouce the death by his own hand
of Joseph MacAllister Vincent, a former well-known teachet
of N\w York, and, up to a year ago, a resident of Brooklyn.
He committed suicide in December, 1911, by slim. tint; him-
self in the heart, on the summit of Silverwood Hill, near
Lookout Drive, Los Angeles. Despondency over money
matters, it is stated, was the cause of the act, a fact which
was disclosed by a paper discovered in the hand of the dead
man, written by an old-time friend. J. M. Vincent was
about fifty-four years of age. and taught commercial sub-
jects in the Methodist Missionary College, in Santiago,
Chile, from 1883 to 1885. He returned to America bj ross
ing the Andes, and visited England. He then took a short
course in the Packard Commercial School, and taught for
J. J. Souder, at 276 West Madison street. Chicago, III.
from 1886 to 1888. He returned to New York in September.
1888, and taught in the Packard Commercial School until
June, 1910. At that time he resigned in order to engage
in the mining business in Canada. It was bis custom t ■ •
spend his summers canoeing and camping in the Maine
woods, or in Algonquin Park, Canada. From these summer
outings, he obtained material for several lectures, "Life in
the Maine Woods" being the one that he gave most fre
quently in the public lecture system of Xeyv York City. He
yvas an expert amateur photographer, took his oyvn pic-
tures and made his own slides. He was an active member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having been a trustee
of one of the uptown Xeyv York churches for several years.
Some time ago he left for California, as he was interested
in olive culture near Los Angeles. While there, his pros-
pects did not brighten, and, rather than turn to his friends
for assistance, he resorted to the act which ended his
career.

\\ . X. Crider.

W. X. Crider. recently principal of the commercial de-
partment of the McKeesport, Penna.. high school, died in
Rome, Xeyv York. January first. Mr. Crider had been
■ nit of school smile time on account of bis health. Mi-
death was due t<> a surgical operation.

C. O. Meux.

Charles O. Meux. for many years proprietor of The
Mobile Business College, of Mobile. Ala., died Sunday,
Dec. 31, 1911. He was born in Lewisburg, DeSoto Coun-
ty. Miss., and was 56 year- of age at the time of his death
He had been in the business college work for tin- past
twenty-three years. He yva- at one time proprietor of
Meux's Business College, Pensacola, Ha., but Mild that
institution to establish the above mentioned school in
Mobile.

Ax a business educator, he was known throughout the
Kntire South, and many young men and women who arc
holding lucrative positions owe their success to his care-
ful training.

Mrs. Meux who has been associated with her husband
for the past sixteen years in the management of the
school will continue the business under the same name

YOU
WE ALL

CAN

Go to SPOKANE

57 'j,^ 5^

*\\S\S\\%

INTERMEDIATE COURSE

By E. C. Mill.

LAt.^^ a^o-r&-zL/.

^&o-o-ifes; ^^^^y^p^r-u--±^. am-^s, c£<?-e^ds..

<^=z-^-^-^^^ a^^^^A^y a-±^Le^ty o-£

Plate 1.— Much good advice is contained in this plcte, and many pages of it should be written

L V,]atc, ,2~,)Xh'dt is sai<1 ;''""" Plate ! applies as well to this plate. One should not only remember the advice
hut should follow it.

Plate 3.— Some words that a great many people do not know how to spell They constitute excellent soelline
well as penmanship practice.

Plate 4— All comment regarding Plate 3 applies to this plate as well.

-^c^ez^L

U>lir Suaittpsa Journal

INTERMEDIATE COURSE CONTINUED

Zlu^Lt^ Z^-O-T^e./ , /Ld-fc /J~, / f. /../...,

<J%£^t^(-~>&-t^/L/ ':. Sets tPLsL^s /v~-£A^u ^d^thd^l^ip. -^i<c^ ^L^ey -^2^, .-sys&-t*SL

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o-iscyls r-^yL^J^c^tk^o-T^y o-j£ as oa^z-y, .

Plate 5. — A continuation of the correspondence begun in the last issue. It is very probable that these two
letters are the best that ever appeared in a business magazine. Mr. Mills has exceeded all his previous efforts.
The letters are written with a real business swing, and they should be copied by the ambitious learner at least
one hundred times.

fu^U*^.. f^^^u^

Plate 6. — A review of small letters that should be very acceptable to all.

57 Lpjyy) 5 -£

%«%*%«%

She fBuatitraa Ununtal

Ornamental Signatures by A. W. Kimpson, Amarillo, Texas

WRITING SPECIMENS

R. C. Haynes, of the Bliss College, Lewiston, Me., favored
us with a packet of specimens showing his students' busi-
ness writing, which show the result of good teaching and
conscientious work on the part of the pupils.

A movement drill from G. C. Stotts and a line of business
writing from C. W. Linville, both pupils of J. D. Rice, of
the Chillicothe, Mo., Normal School reached our office, and
we desire to ecompliment Messrs. Stotts and Linville on the
degree of excellency they have attained in their work.

We have just looked over many pages of figures by the
pupils of R. A. Spellman, Bristol County Business School,
Taunton, Mass. The work is of a very high grade, and Mr.
Spellman can well be proud of the results he is getting.

The pupils of A. C. Doering, of the Merchants' & Bankers'
School, New York City, can make splendid figures as well as
write a good legible business hand.

F. A. Ashley, of Temple University, Philadelphia, sent us
a packet of his pupils' business writing which he need not be
ashamed to show anyone. We wish to compliment both
students and teacher.

The specimens received from M. F. Bellows, of the Syra-

cuse. N. Y, Commercial School, show that his pupils are on
the right road to good business writing.

We note from the specimens of writing sent us by Mi.-s
Alice E. Curtin, Supervisor of Writing. Pittsfield, Mass., that
she is getting splendid results in her classes.

L. J. Heiman, of the Northwestern Business Cillege, Chi-
cago, places before us a large collection of his students'
work, which we can commend very highly.

It was with a great deal of pleasure that we examined the
specimens by the pupils of J. M. Ohslund, of Luther College.
Wahoo, Nebr. All write a very neat and legible hand, and
we prophesy success to these young people along writing
lines.

THE FLICKINGER COPIES.

Owing to muscular rheumatism which seriously affects
his thumb, Mr. Flickinger is unable to prepare his lessons
for photo-engraving. The one man who can do that work
as no one else can is Edward C. Mills, the Editor of the
Business Writing Department. He is doing his utmost to
faithfully follow Mr. Flickinger's idea regarding letter-
forms and the general effect of the lesson plan. Mr. Flick-
inger has prepared the course with his usual care, and while
it is to be a brief one, there will be sufficient material given
to constitute a year's supply.

I'll

QJi|r lBuBttiPsa Journal

WRITING FOR THE ACCOUNTANT.

LESSON SEVENTEEN.

Practice the figures in the
to practice it. Practice across th(
that they will not seem crowded.

NJ>-4^ C\| C\|C\[

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N-.t>^r>-. C\| C\ es(

r>~iNJN. c\|Cmcm

^^ ^^

r>-.N-i>- cm c\j cnj

tsj^tv. cn|C^c\j

^^ -\^

fMsJN- cm cm cm

order of arrangement. Study the figure in the scale and make
lines. Notice what figures are placed on the lines and what or
Use a light touch. Let the hand rest while making the figure.

( orpoi
Fully de

\l. del
emplifi. 5

i ts

BOOKS FOR BUSINESS PEOPLE.
Meade, Ph.D

bes financing and pi
Iccounting, by II. R
fry phase oi Modern

Hatfield, Ph.n. IS
At i ounting and the

s, $2.00.
mo. Cloth,
determinate

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least one neat page of the model copy showing how
; are placed between the lines. M~.ke them so small

FLOURISHING.

By W. D. Sears.
This month's instalment is probably a
little more difficult than that of last
month. Before starting the work it is
well that the student study carefully the
position of the birds which make up tin-
principal part of the design. Follow
suggestions given in foregoing issues for
the birds. Next make the strokes in
center of quill, followed by the shades
of the feathered part. Observe that
there are few shaded strokes in the sur-
rounding flourishes. It will require a
steady hand to make them with
symmetry and grace. Remember that
practice will be the only means of your
ever becoming perfect in this the most
beautiful of the many branches of the
winged art.

IF WE KNEW EACH OTHER.
If I knew you and you knew me,
If both of us could clearlj see,
And with an inner sight divine,
The meaning of your heart and mine.

I'm Mire th. it we would differ less.
And clasp our hands in friendliness,
Our thoughts would pleasantly agree,

If I knew \ on and VOU knew me.

"■■ Work of Wall Street, by Sereno S Pratt, 12 mo. Cloth. A

WRITING SUPPLIES.

practical view of the greal financial center and its modus operandi.

si 2e

The Journa

will lill orders for the following supplies on

The Modern Bank, bj Vroos Is Fiske 12 mo. Cloth. A tfior-

receipt of the

price in postage stamps:

oughl) [iractical I I covering in condensed form all essential data of

s,:, nnecken Bi

o r .,.;.-,, Pens foi Text Li n. ,..;. si t oi 11

banking. $1.60.

Double Holdei

foi Soi n„. t. - p*i , Holds two pens al one time.

Modern by E. 1. 1 alkins and Ralph Holden. c',2 illus-

10c.

(rations. 12 mo. Cfoth. Tells .ill about advertising and hov, it is

ObHque Penh

ilders. One, 10c; two, 18c. Special prices by the

done. - i iO

dozen.

First Lessons in Finance by 1. \. Cleveland, Ph.D. Many illus-

/.,„, H India 1

nk. 1 bottle by mail, 50c; 1 dozen, by express

(rations. 12 mo. Cloth. A brief, cleat survey of Funds, hov. Funds

a btained and the institutions and agencies employed in Funding

Opera is. $1.26.

Gillott'j Vo. 1

. gross, <i 00.

Cillotfi MM 1

gross, 76c.

~lt/nn 5 -f~

s \ \ \ \ \ \

QJlj? Suautrsa Journal

IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING SHORTHAND.

By Miss Flora B. Pryor, Waterbury, Conn.
(Continued from January Journal.)
In regard to learning your principles thoroughly, you do
not have every word in the English language in your text-
book, but the different kinds of words arc given, illustrating
each principle, so that if you know your principles well
enough and know how to apply them readily, you can write
mw words of the same construction with perfect ease. For
instance, you have word- illustrating the placing of "tion" on
all stems, and when those and the principles are mastered,
you are able to write any word ending m "tion." And so it
is with half lengths, double lengths, or any principle of what-
ever system you may study. My experience has been that a
student does better to write slowly and carefully, to keep
away entirely any thought of speed until he has thoroughly
learned the principle--, and the speed will come later,— with
help. Don't draw your outlines; make them as you write
longhand as much as possible and every movement of the
hand should be easy and natural. As you improve in your
shorthand work by writing the same words over and over
again, anil it becomes easier and easier, the writing of notes
becomes less .if an effort and more mechanical. When this
comes, your pen will cover the ground more rapidly and you
will soon begin to take fifty words per minute on matter
which has been practiced manx times, and so on up the scale
I bit don't hurry beyond the point where you are able to write
easily and well, for you will have trouble surely. When a
child begins to walk, he goes slowly, step by step: when he
learns how to walk and can do it well, he begins to run, but
if he does it too soon, he invariably tumbles. When he
learns to run easily and is strong enough, he may safely try a
race, and so it is with the student of shorthand

Some day a business man will advertise for a stenographer,
first-class only need apply. Three people will answer it. One.
a rather soiled looking individual with cloudj linger nails and
unpolished shoes, sits rather unconcerned on the easiest chair
in the office: another, wearing a day-befo re-yesterday clean
collar, rather uneasy in manner, sits on part of a chair where
lie can peep into the inner office when opportunity offers;
number three, immaculate in every respect, alert, near the
inner office door. Number one did not write letter of appli-
cation because he hadn't learned h..w or what to say. takes
dictation very rapidly, with a wad of gum in his mouth to
drown the odor of numerous cigarettes, but in his trans-
cript "your favor" turns out "our favor." "Nebraska" i^
New Braska," and the sheet is a weird sight with its letters
struck over, thumb marks, etc. Number two. nervous because
he wishes he had studied up a little more, can write but not
well. ..ill add but never is sure the result is correct, takes
dictation painfull} slowly, writes out many words in long-
hand and his transcript has to be rewritten twice. Xumber
three wrote a good letter of application, his penmanship. Eng-
lish and spelling are good, starts out on hi- dictation slowly
and carefully, is able to speed up and his transcript is a
model of accuracy, arrangement, etc. Which one will re-
ceive the position" Which on,- are you iorv Vou are surely
there '

Animals That Smoke.

A writer in the London Chronicle tells us that while he was
extracting solace, after the pettj worries of the day, from his
well-seasoned briar, it was su.ldenK revealed to him what
sort of creature he reall) was, lie happened to read that
there are but three kinds .,(' animals which generally use to-
bacco; the rock goat of Africa, whose stench is so insufferable
that no other animal can approach it ; the tobacco-worm, whose
intolerable visaees -jo.- to everj behold r an involuntary
shudder. And the third animal — well, we all know him.

Benn Pitman Notes by J. E. Fuller, Wilmington, Del.

^..xz...;l..l^.

Gregg Notes by Alice L. Rinne, Chicago. 111.

£~ t";

♦ • • •

Glljr iBusinraa ilnurnal

THE DIRECT NAME SYSTEM OF VERTICAL FILING

It is a generally accepted fact that Vertical Filing is the
one best method of riling correspondence. It's a method that
is no longer new. Nearly every business uses it, and it has
proved its value these many years.

From nine to time since the origin of the method, there
have been many minor changes and improvements. But it
has remained for Yawman & Erbe Mfg. of Rochester, N. Y.,
to make the one really big advance that has occurred in all
these years.

The System Department of this well known company has
devised the "Y and E" Direct Xame System of Vertical
Filing, which is accepted by all experts, who are familiar
with it, as the acme of Vertical Filing.

The system is the evolution of the vast experience of Yaw-
man & Erbe Mfg. Co. It not only provides for the utmost
rapidity in both the filing and finding of papers, but provides
also a strong check against human error. Withal, it is un-
surpassed from the standpoint of economy.

The "Y and E" Direct Xame System is a combination of
the Alphabetical and Numerical methods of indexing.

As is well known among business men. every Vertical Filing
System is made up of guides and folders. The guides maj
be called the "sign posts." In the "Y and E" Direct Name
System the) are made of heavj pearl gray pressboard, strong
and durable, cut the full width of the drawer Each guide
bears a celluloided tab, projecting above the height of the
papers to be filed.

The tab, m tin* case, bears not onlj the Alphabetical sub
division as in the ordinary filing system, but a number also.
The tabs of these guides are arranged alphabetically in two
rows, just to the left of the centre The headings are in
black and the alphabet is so sub-divided that, under average
conditions, approximately the same number of papers will ac-
cumulate behind each guide. One of the great advantages of
having these guides made of pressboard is that they are not

transferred with the correspondence, but are used over and
over again in the current file, year after j ear.

A folder, as is well known, is a folded sheet, generally of
heavy manilla paper. However, when these folders are sub-
jected to hard wear, it is customary to use Yawmanote — a
very tough, durable fibre material.

Two classes of folders are used in the "Y and E" Direct
Name System. There is a corresponding alphabetical folder
for each Alphabetical Guide. These folders are made of
heavy manilla. with the tabs bearing the Alphabetical sub-
divisions and the consecutive number at the extreme left of
the file. Tabs are of the same height as the guides and are
printed in red. These tabs act as the guides in the Trans-
fer File.

The folders are creased in front }i" above the fold When
full, the front drops ■}$", thus allowing this much expansion.
The back of the folder bearing the tab containing name or
Alphabetical division, always remains upright and in full
view. This does away entirely with the mussy "lopped down"
folders one usuall] finds in a Vertical Filing System.

In eases where there is considerable corre-
spondence with any one firm or individual, a
special folder is made out. — called the "Direct
Xame Folder." This folder, which is con-
structed similarly to the Alphabetical folder
just described, bears a right-hand tab just half
the width of the folder and containing ample
room to write the name and address of the
correspondent as well as the number of the
sub-division, as indicated by the guide behind
which the folder should be filed.

These Direct Name Folders are the same
height as the guides, making them very easy
of access and thus effecting a great saving of
time.

The advantage of the Direct Name Folder
bearing both Name and Number is manifest.
Suppose a folder for "Carl & Son" has been
removed. The tab of the folder bears not
only the name and address, but also the num-
ber ".V" You want to replace the folder.
Find Guide No. "5." Drop the "Carl & Son"
folder behind it. That's all.

The best of all about this method is the
check it affords against error. Suppose the
"Carl & Son" folder had been dropped behind
the wrong guide. The mistake will instantly
be discovered, because all folders behind the
same guide bear the same number. If the No.
."> folder had been dropped amongst No. 6
folders, the error would have been noticed in
short order. Thus by the use of this system
one enjoys the luxury of having one's cor-
respondence filed right.

With the "Y and E" Direct Name System
there is little danger of correspondence being
lost. Bright red "Out" guides are provided
When a folder is removed for reference, the
person taking it writes his name on an "Out"
guide and puts the guide in place of the
folder. The bright red tabs stand out and
call attention always to correspondence which
has been removed, and they always bear the
name of the person who is to be held respon-
sible for it.
The "Y and E" Direct Name System combines all the ad-
vantages of Alphabetical and Numerical Systems, yet pos-
sesses none of the disadvantages of either alone.

Both the Alphabetical and the Direct Name Folders are
numbered to correspond with the guides; thus all com

ence is located alphabetically, which is the easiest waj ; while
it is filed numerically— the quickest and safest way It is
easier to follow consecutive numbers than Alphabetical sub-
divisions. In replacing folders, a glance at the numbers of
other folders behind the same guide prevents errors. The
folders occupy separate positions, thus facilitating reference.
All guides are of a distinct color and celluloided, which elim-
inates all chance of confusion with folders. These celluloided
guides will last 50 times as long as ordinary guides, and as
they remain in the current file, no repurchase is necessary

57 -Utsrys 5^

»**%♦%

Sl|r jBuainraa Dmtrnal

after transfer. The folders act a> guides in the transfer cases.
All active correspondents are allotted Direct Name Folders.

The Alphabetical folders for miscellaneous correspondence,
arc printed in red, which gives an additional distinction from'
other folders.

The price of the Direct Xanic System, in any size, is mod-
erate, it is carried in stock at any of the many branches and
agencies of Yawman & l-'rhe Mfg. Co.

An attractive folder sin, wing the system in detail and in
exact colors has been published by the manufacturers, and we
are assured that it will be gladh sent upon request.

The number of the folder is 2243. Ask for it by number.

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

We have received some fine specimens of penmanship from
F. B. Adams, of the Parsons (Kans.) Business School. Ap-
parently he does his work rapidly and his flourishes are
exceptionally fine.

Howard E. Miles, of 32 Union Square, New York, sends
us what he facetiously characterizes as "a few of my latest
offences against the 'Queen of Arts.'" We have inspected
these transgressions against Her Majesty, the Queen, and
must confess that wj find Mr. Miles "Not Guilty." His spec-
imens are all that could be desired and he sets examples
which many a penman would be glad to follow — kindly note
the word — "follow."

As a card-writer, J. H. Atchley, of Abbott, Texas, is cer-
tainly "all to the good." The specimens he sends us show
fine freedom of movement and eood lettering.

\ line ornamental alphabet has been sent us by J. G. Christ,
of Lock Haven, Pa. He expressed a doubt as to the quality
of the ink he was using, but this time there was no room for
complaint. There was not the least symptom of adhesiveness.

Leslie E. Jones, of Elbridge, N. Y., sends us some spec-
imens of his card and ordinary writing, which show marked
improvement.

From far away Santa Ana, in the Republic of Salvador,
Central America, come some fine specimens of writing from
Pedro Escalon. We congratulate you, Mr. Escalon, on your
excellent chirography, which certainly gives evidence of care-
ful and painstaking practice.

Some splendid specimens of penmanship have been received
from E. II. McGbee. of 10 South Broad St., Trenton. N. J.
Mr. McGhee is certainly doing some fine work and is deserv-
ing of the support of his fellow townsmen

That old-time penman, I. S. Preston, of Lundy's Lane. Pa-
sends us some exceptionally fine specimens of flourishing and
ornamental penmanship. He has depicted birds in half a
dozen different styles, all bearing the compliments of the
season. We must appreciate his kindly remembrance and
trust he will live long to perpetuate his chirographic aviary.

From the Huntsinger Business School, of Hartford. Conn.,
come two excellent specimens of penmanship, one from the
hand of \lr Huntsinger himself, which shows he lias lost
none of his oldtime skill, and the other S. O. Smith, which
also displays the execution of a dexterous writer.

Beautifully written letters have reached us from P. Escalon,
Santa Ana. Central America: I. G. Christ, Lock Haven, Pa.;
S 0 Smith, Hartford, Conn.; C F. Gubitz, E. Hartford,
Conn.,

Superscriptions worthy of mention came from E. H. Mc-
Ghee. Trenton. N. J.; S. E. Leslie, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; J.
11 Fanson, Napa. Calif.; Lero> M. Rand. Boston. Mass : C.
G, Prince. New York City; W F. Dennis. Brooklyn, N. Y. ;
1 \ Strvker. Kearnev. Xehr : 11 W Flickinuer. Philadelphia.
Pa.: F. A Curtis. Hartford. Conn : D. 11. Farley, Trenton.
\ I : W A. Hoffman, Valparaiso, Ind ; I. 1 Conway, New-
burgh, N. Y. : C. J. Lewis. Charleston, S C. : S. B. Johnson.
Billings. Mont.: I) L. Hunt. Ivan Claire. Wis.: II B. Lehman.
St. Louis. Mo.: W. W. Bennett. Milwaukee. Wis : W. D.
Sears Jersey City, X. L: F. A Rislior, Bridgeport, Conn.;
F. C. Miller. Omaha. Nehr. : W.
C F. Nesse. Reno, Nev.; C. H.
('.. T. Wiswcll. Philadelphia; A.
F I , libit?. Hartford, Conn,

1 A Snvder," Cincinnati, I 'bin
D." Holt, Philadelphia: Karl Fromm. Olathe. Kans.: T. II.
McCool, Philadelphia; Miss Nina P. Hudson. Oranue. X J :
Malier. McKeesport. Pa.: H. W. Patten. Philadelphia:
P W Costello, Scranton: Geo. A Race, Bav City, Mich.: F.
Coburn. Lowell. Mass.: Charlton V. Howe, Philadelphia ; W.
H. Patrick. York. Pa.: J. C. Moody. New Britain. Conn.; E.
M. Huntsinger. Hartford, Conn.; J. F. Robinson, Boston,

Mass.; C. S. Rogers, San Francisco, Calif.; W. C. Brown-
field, Bowling Green, Kv. ; D. L. Calbson, Wichita, Kans.;
J W. Baer, Phoenixvillc, Pa.; D. W. Hoff, Lawrence, Mass.

WRITING SPECIMENS.

W. S. Morris, of Lonaconing, Md., sent us several busi-
ness forms written by Ins students which show the result of
careful training and practice,

F. M. Wright, of the Ingersoll, Out., Business College, sub-
mitted to the editor of the- Jot RNAL a packet of specimens
"before and after taking," having offered a prize to the one
making the most improvement. The specimens were ex-
amined 'carefully, and the first prize was awarded to Sam
Titus. Miss Gladys Heam ranked second in improvement.
The work was very uniform, and it was difficult to make the
decision. Compliments go to both teacher and pupils.

K Cook. Hartford. Conn :
Hewett, Philadelphia. Pa.:
i' SI. .an. Toledo, Ohio; C.

M. Davis. Salem. Ore.: S.

WHAT'S THE USE?

That old cry of "cut bono?" is supposed to be the hall
mark of the pessimist, but many a self-satisfied one would
do well to put the test of "What's the use?" to her daily-
living.

What's the use of stinting so hard for a rainy day that
you get no fun out of the passing sunny ones? This was
the motto of the late Edwin Abbey, and the woman who
prides herself on her thrift and reviles the spendthrift habits
of her friends will do well to ponder it.

What's the use of a charitable purse and an uncharitable
tongue? Kind words are infinitely more than coronets — or
donations on a subscription list.

What's the use of playing the amiable role in society and a
snapdragon in the family circle? Walls have ears, also neigh-
bors have tongues and the real you is not unknown.

What's the use of posing as a pedant with a dime novel
taste? Mentality does not need labelling, and you'll never
convince the person with brains that you prefer Darwin to
the Dutchess.

What's the use of being a cat to your best girl friend be-
cause of a man? The girl will get even and the man sees
through you.

What's the use of ruining your health to gratify your ambi-
tion? The quicker a woman learns the unhappiness. of life
when half ill the bigger chance she stands of success.

What's the use of spending money on skin specialists and
.hu. stive tablets while dallying with the things you shouldn't
eat?

What's the use of playing'young when the years have you
in their grip? Age is not so unlovely that the aging should
treat it as a disgrace. Far better a charming old woman than
a pitiable mimicry of youth.

What's the use of getting down on your luck? There is
nothing like a smile to boost you out of the mire.

What's the use of kicking' It doesn't make it sweeter to
think yourself a victim — nor does it increase your popularity.

What's the use of cultivating automobile tastes on a walk-
ing income? There's joy and health in a good walk if voir
once fight the speed craze.

What's the use of striving for the big puddle when you
would be so much happier in the small one. Learning one's
limitations saves heartache.

What's the use of reading reams on the thinning process
with a taste for candy and potatoes fully gratified. Equally
what's the use of a fortune in stays and uncurbed appetite
and laziness5

What's the use of slipshod work? This is an age that de-
mands our best: if we give counterfeit we pay a counter-
feiter's penalty.

What's the use of sham of any kind? One need not be
brutally rude to be sincere. It is the untrained taste that pre-
fers ormolu to the gold nugget.

Chi iBuainPHa Journal

PENMANSHIP IN THE UPPER GRADES.

By 1). H. Farley.

the meeting of the teachers of writing of New

York City and vicinity held on December 1st

. a brief report of which was in mir January

e, Mr. Farley, for more than twenty-five

years instructor in writing in the State Xormal School, Tren-
ton, X. J., delivered a most helpful talk on the teaching of
writing to pupils who had received previous training. The
keynote of hi- address was sound pedagogical teaching coupled
with pr iper correlation with other branches. As illustrating
this point, one of the copies he placed on the board was the
sentence, "Oxygen is a gas necessary to life," a sentence at
■ •nee informational and useful as a writing lesson. Through-
out his talk Mr. Farley showed himself to he the pedagogical
teacher, and one can easily notice the influence his environ-
ment has had upon him.

He opposed most strongly the present tendencj of writing
meaningless phrases and sentence-, simply because thej afford
opportunity for repeated practice on certain easj letters or
easj words: for instance, such sentences a-. Many men min-
ing in a mine. etc. "Why not write something useful?" The

The speaker made a little sport of some of the wise -a; -
ings 'it' the pedagog: "From the simple to the complex.
From the whole t" the i arts, etc." All ..f these are useful
when understood. The trouble is \ery few people under-
stand what they mean.

He opposed ni". t -trough the writing of letters singly.
Writing in script form means connective writing, and it is
wrong pedagogically and practicallj to make the letters
singly.

The whole question is how does "lie learn to write? Just
as one learns to walk. "If you will tell me how a child
learns t" walk. I will tell you how he can learn to write."
There is a wide distinction between conscious action and
automatic action. Of course, there is a time when all auto-
matic action was once conscious, hut when it changed from
the conscious t" the automatic, it is impossible to state. For
instance. ever} step of tin- child when it begins to learn to
walk is the result of conscious effort. Repeated practice
makes it automatic. It is only when writing becomes auto-
matic that the habit may he said to he formed.

Tin teacher should adhere strictly to the standard. He
ha- absolute!} no right to thrust his own individuality upon

1 fl 0 (\ $ leaclu

! \

■ \

)

kki- m

S^r \

1 W3$k

\ -Pocitiot] '

■ 1

(inie-Ttto minute?

Blackboard Illustration showing correct Penboldiof by D. H. Farley, Trenton, N. J.

•writing lesson can he made helpful in spelling, in language.
in history, in geography or any other branch of learning.

["he first step in proper teaching of writing is preparation
The foundation of the work must he interest. Too much of
our teaching is over the heads of our children. They do not
understand what «i- want them to do.

The second step is presentation. We must cause our
pupils t.. think Knowledge of what we are trying to do is
■ ssential.

The next step is comparison. Each step should I" com-
pared to something learned before.

Position of the bodj and paper, etc., must not be slighted.

■"Good position presents g 1 forms. ;m.l tins supplies power."

Mr. Farley illustrated his ideas of proper position by hastily
sketching on the blackboard diagrams showing the proper
position of the arms and the pen. These sketches were made
•very rapidly and aroused much interest. Many pencils were
following him, and we doubl not that every teacher present
lias used in some manner the help derived From seeing these
sketches place. 1 upon the board

the pupil. No two people write alike, therefore, the standard

letter form should he placed before the pupil on which he may
later graft his own individuality.

Mr. Farlej advised most strongly against wasting time on
the elementary movement drills. It has been his observation
that main teachers keep their pupils on the straight line and
Compact oval drills long after thej have learned to make
them fairly well, and at a time when they should be busily
in writing.

At the close of his talk the speaker was kept busj for an
hour answering quesl

TRY YOUR HAND AT IT.

It's a pleasant amusement to see how short a sentence you
can write and yet use every letter in the alphabet, II
a fi u

John P, Brad) gave me a black walnut box of quite a small

sl/e.

X Badger: thy vixen jump- quick at fowl.
] Q \ ands struck by big fox whelp.

'Iz/yyi 5 -r-

CTljr iBustnrss Journal

TEACHERS.

helped tfthei

be;

What are youi plans for the coming year? Are you
a change of position? It' you are, we can help you .is we have
i successful experience. Karly ngisiruiiui, means
positions. Write to-day for application blank. No charge for

school principals. !: r^r ,;; ux,

branches. We have on our list the cream of the profession

our specialty is supplying expert teachers .a Bookkeeping,
and Penmanship. ::.'> vc-.-ns ii Mua^sfnl experience qualifies us
cient service. UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU. Esl. 1877, Tribune Bldi .New V.rkCfr. "Cou Tuchcu for Cnd Schools"

of the commen
Shorthand, Typewrit

ARISTOS

JANES'

SHADELESS

SHORTHAND

l.r, K.Pori..ri
■ ■i.l.l.i' .0 In 111,

j.uMi.l.i .1

llty mi,,, a ParttMeo
id 40 years,!* lift tnar

work ln-forr irl.<<>. »n

Is the best System of Shorthand for the Court, the Senate, the Office or the School. It
is the equal of any as regards to speed, and superior to all as to legibility and simplicity.

nil cla

the

■d Hi.

percentage o1 graduates, I
Improved theii Shorthand Departments fr

worth Encyclopedia, the greatest authorit;

1li<- first pi/td :>' the world. If you are \

ing anyway. 1 have taught Graham, Isaac and Bei

Lindsley as well as \nst,.s so / know, but I do n<

word for it. Examine and judge for yourself. T

Write for particulars.

Toby's Modern Practical Bookkeeping compiled by
-CCA. especially for Public and Private Sch
Colleges has been adopted by a number of the Public Schools throughout
U.S. and by many of the leading High Standard Colleges. Arisloa Short-
hand and Toby's Modern Prnctical Bookkeeping. Typewriting. Penmanship.
" ilhmetic. Business Utter Writing and Practical English Taught By

reused their atten
i every standpoint. Harms-
in the world, gives Aristos
gressive it is worth examin-

ard Toby- F.A.A.

I ASSERT

Mail.

EDWARD TOBY, r. a. a -c. c a Publish

156 Fifth Ave.. Dept. 1.. New York City. N

Texas, Drawer 5

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BENXETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Scod f.r or. abbs* of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Commercial Teachers' Training School.

Rochester Business Institute

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

necessary for penmen doir
that special purpose. The abu
••letted rosewood or ebony, and cannot be r
■ RAND. If your dealer cannot supply you.

12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c

ornamental writing to hav
holder is hand turned ai
le by an automatic lathe
id to the designer and m

8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

i holder adapted to
adjusted, made of
LOOK FOR THE
ifacturei.

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North 5th Street, Quincy, 111.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album Form
E. H. McGHEE box set TRENTON. N. J.

World's fir-I prize Ransomrriln Jo
al and one • f my Kavorite Pens sent Fp
1 C. W. Ransom. J09 Minor Bide. Kansas City. Mo

(Wholesale and Retail.) Ove

lain. Special and Border Pen!

Work. Lettering.

of Ant.

No. 102. Com
plates of neat
necessary instr
11.76.

Thb Newton Aut

50 different sizes and stylet
or all Practical Show Card
:tc. The product of over
in this special line.
SPECIAL OFFER: « MARKING OR « AU-
TOMATIC SHADING PENS, with three colors
Cross Ruled Practice Paper. 1 Alphabet Compendium
instructions for the student and beginner, also 83
nd Figures for the teacher in lettering, together with
J Show Card Writer and Letterer. All Prepaid for
New and Complete catalogue free,
c Shading Pen Co., Dept. I, Pontiac, Mich.. U. S. A.

Remington Factory Enlargement.

Contracts have recently been let bj
the Remington Typewriter Company for
a tremendous addition to their factorj in
Mi. 'ii. V V. This enlargement will be
,i m\ st. irj ■ asl « ing, i ach Hoot of

which will have an area oi 9, square

icct The building will extend south
from East Clark Street from the main
works to the Erie Canal.

\earl\ 100,000 square feet of floor

space in additions, completed and
planned, are included in the Remit gton
factorj i cpansion program for the year

i 9 1 1 .

\ g I Mart is important, even in

the longest race. f..r it is easier t.. hold
a lead than to regain it when once il is
lost. — Youth's Companion,

There are certain things that are rit^ht
l.ut u is not alwaj s policj to tell
them to everybody.

New York Militar\ Academy of Corn
wall-on-Hudson, X. Y. has instituted a

new Practical Course which is proving

very popular with tin- cadets. English
and Spanish, each two \ear-; algebra
and geometry with mensuration from the
purely practical standpoint; astronomy,
geology, physics and chemistrj : a com
plete stenography, typewriting and of-
fice practice- course and an unusual
quota of mechanical drawing and shop

work make up the course. The shop is

equipped with the most modern ma-
chines, including lathes, drill press, hand
and cross saws, pipe cutting machine
and Sander, and in fact is one of the
l.c-t equipped shops in eastern United
States E. E. Cortright, formerly su
pervising principal of the Cornwall-on
Hudson public schools, is head of the
course: D. K. Hiett, formerly of Kane
and PitrSfiurg, Pa., lias charge of th.

shop, while A. C. Palmer of Warfords
burg, Pa. has the commercial work in
charge.

For OVER FIFTY YEARS hare
maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability^

Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
i>f writing and 2 good pen-holders
;ent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents.

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New York.

swering adv

ts pie

The Pes

Jo, ,

<Jhf iBusiiiPsa Jinurnal

NEWS NOTES.
We have just received a very cordial
letter from E. VV. Yankirk of Spring-
field, Mo., who is at present out of the
school business. He writes that he will
always be a hearty advocate of the
Journal, as he was successful in win-
ning the first Gold Medal ever issued
by the Penman's Art Journal. His rec
■ollections of us will always be pleasant.
That sort of testimony is as the Balm
of Gilead to us and we trust that Mr.
Yankirk will achieve a notable success
in the new line of endeavor which he
lias taken up. Intensive farming cer-
tainly sounds good and in the well
known Ozarks should be profitable be-
yond a doubt.

The Springdale Street Commercial
School of St. John's, Newfoundland, is
a progressi\c institution and flourishing,
as P. G. Butler, the principal, report-
an attendance of 3.J0. He has recently
raised the standard of his department
to an equivalent of that of the Regents
or University of Matriculation. He
sends us a copy of the Newfoundland
Teachers' Association Journal of which
he is manager. In this magazine, which
is published every two weeks there is a
course for each class from standards 1
to 5 or the high school thus preparing
pupils for the local examinations in
these standards. He suggests that it

would be a good plan to have a similar
course for preparing students for the
New York Regents' examinations or for
the Business Educators' Association of
Canada, in business subjects.

The annual closing and distribution of
prizes of the Springdale Street Com-
mercial School of St. John's, New-
foundland, was held on the 21st of De-
cember. Eighty prizes were distributed
among the 350 students in attendance.

The Mississippi Valley Magazine has
just published a banner number, which
contains a flattering account of the Gem
Citj Business School of Quincy. 111. It
recites how D. I.. Musselman in 1870
started a little school and how it has
grown until to-day it lias an enrollment
of over 1. tun pupils. It gives a picture
of the school's tine building and many
items of interest regarding this progres-
sive institution.

The fourth annual reunion and dinner
of the Rochester Business Institute
Alumni Association was held at the
Powers Hotel Banquet Hall, Rochester,
on November 18th, The program and
menu was artistically printed and from
all reports the banqm was a huge suc-
cess, Over 500 were in attendance.
William J. Love, president of the
Alumni Association, presided and the
principal speaker was Justice Alfred
Spring. A reception and dance brought

the evening to a successful and enjoy-
able termination.

The National Business School of
Roanoke, Va., has kindly sent us a
really striking calendar. It depicts a
white headed eagle flying over a lake.
In its talons the bird holds a large
struggling fish, which apparently it has
just caught. In the distance a wild
duck is hurriedly making its escape.
The picture is a most artistic one, and
it will hold a place on the Journal
walls, as an indication of merit and a
memento of this deservedly popular
school of Roanoke.

C. F. Nesse is now manager of
Heald's Business School at Reno, Nev.,
and reports business as exceptionally
tine. He likes the Journal exceeding-
ly and we hope to hear further from him
shortlv with a substantial club.

OPEN THE DOOR.
A man must take into consideration
the welfare of others even as a matter
of self-protection, if for no other rea-
son. He must "open the door of his
heart to his fellows," as Edward Everett
Hale expresses it. — Dallas News.

Dear to me is the friend, yet I can
also make use of an enemy. The friend
shows me what 1 can do. the foe teaches
me what -I should. — Schiller.

SHORTHAND CONTEST.

There was recently held at the Central High School, Cleveland, ( >hio, under the auspices of the
Northeastern Ohio Teachers' Association, a Shorthand Speed Contest, open to the students and grad-
uates of all schools in Northern Ohio. There were two tests For students then in attendance, and
graduates who had been out of school not to exceed five years. The contestants were from the Spen-
cerian Commercial School and High School of Commerce, of Cleveland, Oberlin Business College, and
other schools. The first prize in both contests was won by Spencerian students, who learned their
shorthand from the text-book, entitled Practical Shorthand, published by The Practical Text Book
Company. The first prize in the student contest was won by William Tomko, a hoy only eighteen
years old, who wrote 121 2/3 words a minute. The first prize in the amateur contest was won by
\. II. Balcomb, whose net speed was l'.'~ 1 :'> words a minute.

Another pro, if that it pays to use a good text-book, based on a standard system.

Besides Practical Shorthand, the text-book referred to above, The Practical Text Book Com-
pany publishes widely-used text hooks on the subjects of typewriting, letter writing, spelling, arith-
metic, English, 1 kkeeplng, and commercial law. also a system of business practice and a vest-pocket

dictionary. If you are not acquainted with these hooks, write at once for illustrated catalogue, to
the publishers.

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid Avenue and 18th Street,

Cleveland, Ohio.

r/e/yyi S-t~

Ulhp Husinrsa Dournal

NORTHWESTERN TEACHERS' AGENCY

Registration Frea. A. T. LINK. Manager, Boise. Idaho. No Position. No Pay.

Good Commercial Teachers Wanted in the Great Northwest for the
coming year. Register Now and let us aid you.
Many of the Best Positions are Filled Early.
Write us To-day fur Registration Blank.

R A 13 1\IP"Q Business College i Si Louis started tin
DrtfXl ^ML.v3 New Year hv placing our candidate at the

bead of their Business Departme
wants a fine penman and comm<
$1500. A big high sch. ...I wants a
Scores of good openings
you want, and let us assii

great business
mmercial teacher now at $1200 to
s a college graduate in February,
ing Foi September. Tell us what

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,

ROBERT A. GRANT. MgT. Webster Grove.. St. Louis, IV

COMMERCIAL
teachers

■SPeoaLTY

MANY OF THE

Best Schools in the United States

<ret their teachers through this Bureau. We always have openings for first-
class teachers. We have some excellent places Now. Free registration.
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Bowling Green, Ky.

WANTED

Teachers of Shorthand, Typewriting,
Penmanship and other commercial

branches for business and public schools. Positions now open

for competent applicants. Registration free.

NORTHEASTERN TEACHERS' AGENCY, G L SM,TH -newmarket. n. h.

itutii

ns located in all

112

Already we ar«

being rusl

1Q1 1 1 Ain The year just closed saw a great growth in our business. We

11-1XJI&. were 'liherallv patronized by High Schools. Business Colleges, i

' ' e country. We anticipate e
with September business,
•ite you to co-operate with us. Write us to-day just what you want, and we will
rest. THE INSTRUCTORS' AGENCY. Marion. Ind.

DELIVERING THE GOODS TO COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS
Hire are some typical leading pi ils among the many we sup-

plied with teachers during 1911: Troy, V \ Bus Coll . Mankato, Minn.. Coml. Coll.;
Long Island Bus. Coll., Brooklyn; Link's Modern Bus. Coll., Boise, Idaho: The Packard
Coml. School, New York City; Mum,-- i| Business, Minn i;

Coll., Raleigh, X. C; Goldey College, Wilmington, Del.; Barnes Bus. Coll., St.
Louis; Vlbany, V S .. Bus. Coll Holmes Bus Coll., Portland, Oregon; Drake Bus.
Coll., Newark, N. 1.; Coleman National Bus. Coll., Newark. N. 1.: Schissler College of

... Norristown, Pa.; Banks Bus Col] Philadelphia; College ol Comn :, Water-

a; Vmerican Business College, Pueblo, I olo I - attic.

Enrolled with us are more than 2000 commercial teachers, a huge number of whom
will be available in 1913 for a better salary, a mon ■ more agree-

able working conditions than they now have. But notwithstanding our largi enrollment
and the splendid business we did in 1911, we had to : ne opportunity

for lack of teachers with iust the required qualifications. So we want more teai

also '''i and ex-

ions commanding i'i om ' are al-

ready booked. We were the originators ..i the no-enrollment-fee privilege now ..pen to
commercial teachers, in consequence, by nearly every agency. Enroll now. Our ser-
vice costs you nothing unless you accept a position with which we put you in touch.

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency,

E. E. Gaylord. Manger.
27 BAKER AVE . BEVERLV. MASS.

A Specialty by a Specialist

Teachers'
Agency

447 South Second Street, Louisville, Kentucky

Sl>th makes all tilings difficult, but overtake his business at night; while
industry all easy; and he that riseth laziness travels so slowly that poverty
late must toil all day. and shall scarce soon overtakes him. — Benjamin Frank

Remington Delivery in Brazil Breaks
Record.
The number of Visible Model Rem-
ingtons recently delivered to a com-
mercial school in Brazil is a record-
breaker. Never before had there been
so many typewriters delivered to one
customer at one time in the entire coun-
try. The school in question is the
Escola de Commercio Alvares Penteado,
in Sao Paulo, the largest commercial
school in Brazil. Tins institution is an
exclusive user of the Remington Type-
writer. In this connection it is inter-
esting to note that there are more Rem-
ingtons used in this country for educa-
tional purposes than all other makes
combined.

News Notes.
We have received a pleasing commun-
ication from Geo. M. Anderson from
Livingston. Montana, which we take
much pleasure in quoting largely from.
He writes: "Among the exhibits for
the State fair, which is held at Helena
each \ear. High School work of differ-
ent kinds is listed for prizes. I am
pleased to saj that the commercial work
consisting of Penmanship, Typewriting,
Bookkeeping, sent in from my depart-
ment received tirst prize, competing
against the various lligli Schools of the
State of Montana. This is quite sig-
nificant from the fact, that, heretofore,
the department received only a second
prize- and that was in Penmanship, but
this year we got blue tags ,,n the three
named Also the High School
in general received first prize for note
books written up by the pupils in mat-
ter pertaining to Literature and Science.
( lur commercial course- consists of
eping and Shorthand, a two-year
course: typewriting, two periods a day
for two years; spelling, banking, com-
mercial law, business correspondence,
commercial geographj for one semester:
penmanship (plain writing, lettering and
figure making I one ) ear. Montana is

doing much for educational improve-
ment; comparatively speaking she pays
the best wages of an) state in the
Union ; is rigid in her scholastic re-
quirements and seeks good talent. The
teachers' institutes and associations,
which I ha\e attended, although not as
jilienng- as 1 have found in the

states ol Michigan or Indiana, ai
surpassed in the quality of skill, educa-
tion or management." Then a~
script. Mr. Anderson adds this signifi-
cant note. "I like the Bl mm- JOURNAL
very much."

lusCom- '

no enrollment lee. A postal »ill

u ks J. t. llntn.

nncs-r.

IfiOStowart, an^EuSM t In, Kan.

WHY NOT GET THE BEST?

Inter-Stale Teachers' Agency. Peidleton, Oregon

The "Right"
model it

\\ holesal
eral commission.

Pencil Sharpener, Imi

\\ e wani a few salesmen

b and Ri tail Stationers. Lfb-

stal ing territory.

vTbf iBuatnrsa Journal

GILLOTT'S PENS

No. 601 EF Magnum Quill Pen

Sold by Stationers Everywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FIELD & CO., Agents, 93 Chambers St., N. Y.

HIGGINS'[E™AL

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

The kind jroi art sore t« ite
with coBtinuous satisfaction

At Dealeri Generally.

Or tad IS cuts ftr 2 «.
bettli bj Bail, t.

CHAS. M. HIGGINS & CO., Mfn.

271 Ninth St, Brooklyn, N. Y.

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489— very soft

No. 490 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

™z: CARDS

vara with each order. A4ENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS L»" ""£""?'

COMIC JOKER CARDS kA,br 5~

100 postpaid. 2Sc. Leu for more. Ink. Glossy Black or
Very Best White. ISc. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c. Gillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per do/ Lessons in Card
Wrinnr. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN. PA.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed for 50c. Send 2c. for circular

W V FiTTMM 267EGEAVENUF
W. b,. .L)UNN,JERSEY CITy N j

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, New York City.

News Notes.
The Trenton Evening Times of De-
cember :a>. 1911, contains a six-column
account of the Rider-Moore-Stewart
School of Trenton. \\ J., and from it
we gather that on January 2, 1912, the
school reached the tenth year of its
management by Frank H. Moore and
John E. Gill, as proprietors and princi-
pals. The anniversary of the merging
of Mr. Moore's and Mr. Gill's interests
was celebrated at the opening of the
term with simple exercises, including
short addressee by the owners of the
school. In 1865 A, j. Rider opened the
Rider Business School and it was suc-
cessful. In 1883 Thomas J Stewart
founded the Stewart branch, and that.
too, met with brilliant success. In 1901
the two schools combined in the forma-
tion of the Rider-Moore cc Stewart
School. For ten years this institution
has occupied a most important place in
the educational life of Trenton, ami
Messrs. Moore and Gill have met with
abundant success because of their en-
terprise and business-like methods. Mr-
Moore has taken an active part in many
important movements for the advance-
ment of Trenton along several lines,
and Mr. Gill is one of the best known
nu-n because of his long and active
identity with public and private move-
ments of a varied nature Ten years
ago when the present management
opened their school the enrollment was
about 600 annually, to-day the enroll-
ment is 1,200 — an increase of 100 per
cent. The school occupies three of the
four floors of the spacious Dippolt
Building on Broad Street, and consists
of 15,000 square feel of floor space. The
teaching staff comprises 20 instructors,
each of whom is a specialist, in stenog-
raphy, bookkeeping, commercial arith-
metic, banking, commercial law. com-
mercial forms, etc. It has a large em-
ployment bureau which places hundreds
■ if graduates in lucrative positions year
ly. Two notable people were trained in

this school, Willard B, Bottome and
Charles I- Swem, both of whom are

among the fastest shorthand writers in

the world. Their records are too well

known to need further co iiinent here

Other graduates of this - I I occupy

hundreds of positions in the banks, fac-
tor) offices and business bouses ,.f Trcu
ton as well as in the service of the

State of Xeu Terse) and oi the United
States, Messrs. Moore and Gill are to
be Congratulated Oil the great success
which they have achieved a success
which the coming years will onI\ serve
to acci ntuate and increase

RASMUSSEN
Practical Business School

St. Paul. Minm.
WsIter Rasmussen, Proprietor.

tisi i." hi- pleast mention Tub Hi si.vi

I am

the "Lone Star

■ (anl

Speci

i. -

the m

ost complete M

iil Cour

se in

U. S. and

for th

e least money.

Let m<

prove it. Your

name

artistically wr

tten or

Cards for

25c.

Send 10c for

sampl

t X

d..z. and

^-~^—~S~7-

^2-

Age

nt's outfit.

Box 1268

&«&

WACO,

_ft^^

TEXAS

Kimball's Commercial Arithmetic

Prepared for use in Normal,
Commercial and High Schools.

418 pages $1.00 net; by Mail $1.15

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

2, 4. and 6 West 45th St.. New York City.

The Becker-Smith School of
PENMANSHIP BY MAIL

with the greatest writing device ever
placed before the public. Write for par-
ticulars. FALL RIVtR, MASS.

HOME STUDY

Sea TAUGHT 3Y MAIL

mar Agriculture

Poultry
I >omestic
Science

Civil Service

Engineering
Drawing
I .anguage
Book- Keeping English
Km branches hem which to
select.

itli «. ll. I UtPBR

Work endorsed by prominent r-lucators.
rhcnisands ot students fin. .lid. Tuition only
$5.00 pi i yeat t.. first five students from each
post office typewriters rented and s<>1«1 at
■ ml $3 ' " per month. This is your oppor*
tunitv. May we send you full information?
Shall' we "do it now?" For "Special Tuition
Scholarship" apply at once to
CARNEGIE COLLEGE, No. 26 D Street. Ro(erp. Olio.

ESTERBR00K

STEEL PENS

A STY LE FOR
EVERY WRITER

Fine Points,
Al, 128,333,818

At all Stationers.
Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

Work,: CamdfD. N. J. 95 John St., N. Y

57 Wjm 5^

. » » » % « % ♦ %

QJb.r liusiufsa Journal

News Notes.

Here's a sample of the kind of testi-
mony that makes "ye poor edit ir" smil
a smile that won't come off It is from
i . G Winter of the Fort ( ollins Pub-
lic Schools, Fort Collins, Col. "Here-
with one dollar for which please send
me the NTews edition instead of the reg-
ular edition as heretofore I find the
i of great value to me in my
work and could not get along without
it. It is far superior to anything else I
have been able to find along that line."

J. F. Caskey, principal of the Busi
ness School at Bellingham, Wasfi., in
sending a subscription or two, states
that everything is going nicelj with him.
His school is in a flourishing condition
now He has put in a 1< it of "Hustle"
since taking over the school on the 9th
of August last, but his arduous labors
have been rewarded. Nothing suc-
ceeds like push and \ im.

David Elston of the Alberta Business
School of Edmonton, Can., lias just re-
turned from a trip to Europe and finds
the school with a splendid enrollment
and excellent prospects for the coming
winter He has sent ns an account of
his trip, which we hope to have the
pleasure of presenting to our readers

F, B, Adams is now with the Par-
son's Business School of Parsons, Kans.
He states that he is now in the best
equipped school in which he ever taught.

which is saying a g I deal The schi ol

has recently moved into new quarters
with all modern equipment and that the
pupils appreciate them is proved by the
fact that thr\ have entered in large
numbers. From an inspection of the
school's Christmas number, "Progress,"
we must say that the rooms have a fine
appearance.

^ The Fort Dodge Business Sch
Fort Dodge, Iowa, was only organized
in September last, yet thej have already
enrolled over 150 students. They have
one of the best locations in that part
of the countrj and \\ . B, Barger, the
president, hopes to build up a large
school. Max his anticipations be re-
alized to the full.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of

stick ink the kin, I thai is piti llj Mack' on
shades and produces those wonderful bair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea,
and is fat sup. riot I- ( him si oi India Ink for
ornate writing i1

Madarasi had a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this lias
been placed in "in hands for sale. Prices
$1.26, $8.00, J:;. no and J lain a stick. Enough
in one large stick to last a lifetime. Those

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg., New York City

DICTATION

Barnes' Reference and^Dictation Course ISO

business letters aggregating more than 35,000
i I respondence, Insurance,

Lumber. Electricity, etc. — twenty different
lines of business. Valuable legal forms; ex-
tended lists of technical terms in various lines
of commeici.il work; samples of civil service
oi work. Can be used in connection
with any system, as it contains no shorthanJ.
Cloth binding. P

Separate Benn Pitman key to difficult words
and helpful phrases. Price, 33c.

Business Letters in Shorthand: 168 carefully
selected letters— 63 with complete shorthand
notes. Also. 31 pages of testimony in short-
hand with key. An excellent dictatii
especially designed for use upon completing
the theory tests. Barnes-Pitman shi
Cloth binding. Price, $1.00.
Shorthand Readers: Interesting and ill!
matter in beautifully engraved sho
(Barnes-Pitman) with accompanying key.
Suitable for reading or dictation.

\,,. i is made up mostly of stories. Price.
30c, No". 2 contains several articles of a gen-
eral educational nature, and others of special
interest to stenographers. Price, 50c. No. 3
contains articles similar to those in No. 2, with
a few business letters. Price. 50c. No. t is
the sam< as thi [estimonj oortion
ness Letters in Shorthand. Price, 30c.

N'o. 5. Just from the Press, i ontains 31 articles
of a general nature, including gleanings from
popular writers, extracts from speeches, inter-
esting astronomical facts, matter used in na-
tional speed contests, etc. Price, 50c.
Shorthand Teachers: Examination
of anv of these 1 ks will be senl upon re-
ceipt of two-thirds of retail price. State name
.,, ,chool.

The Arthur J. Barnes Pub. Co.

2201 Locust St.,

St. Louis, Mo.

AMES & ROLLINSON COMFWJY

■ i.H.HIX

|BE5T QUALITY AT MODERATE CD5T -FDR 1 o« 101

203 BROADwW NEWttJRK^.

News Notes.

Charles A. LeMaster, who bj the by,
is a councilman and has been conducting
I eMaster Business Institute for the pasi
three yeai il Orai ge, \ .1 . on \'m i

another scl I in the new 12

story Essex Building, Clintoi
Beaver Sts., Newark, X. I. It occupies
commodious quarters on thi
facing the elevators. Mr. L
■ it the mill- requests n
from Newark business nun. who an
members of the Newark Board of Trade.
induced him to locate in Newark. He
will divide Ins time between the i
and the Newark schools. His private
secretary, .Miss Mahe] E. Shorter, will
)«' in charge of the office in the New-
ark St hool. Miss Nina Pearl Hudson,
a first-class lady penman will look alter
the penmanship work in the new

Smith's School of 32 W. Chippewa
Street. Buffalo, N. Y . has been s< Id to
I> P McDonald. We trust Mr. Mc-
Donald will in- able to build up a still
Hi has a fine oppoi
tunity for Buffalo is a pn igr< ssivi

The Virginian-Pilot of December 12,
published at X. irf.dk. Va., contains an
interesting ace. unit ni the Davi
n.-r Business School of Norfolk, Va.
hool is located in handsome quar-
i 16 L56 Main Street, and is one
of the largest and best equipped insti-
tutions of its kind in the south. Its
enrollment of pupils is large and the
satin- officers and instructors are with
it now as were with it when it first
opened Beverlj \. Davis is Presi-
dent, W. M. Wagner. Vice-Pri
and 11 R. Weaver, Secretary-Treasurer.
Mr. Davis has had :.'n years experience
as a lecturer and instructor and is par-
ticularly well fitted to teach commercial
law, having been admitted to the Vir-
ginian bar. The shorthand department
is under the supen ision of Mr. \\ eavt i .
"I"1 I- an experl writer and teacher of
the Pitman and Gregg systems and au-
thor of Weaver's Progressive Short-
hand Mr. \\ agner has had a 1

in busine: s college work, hav-
ing had charge of commercial depart-
ments in several of the leading institu-
tions of the south. He is an expert
auditor and business systematizer and
::.'.s had much practical experience with

corporations and business houses.

He is also an expert penman. I

- frequently in demand by

v eminent, the State and fraternal

organizations. From this it will be

seen that tin Davis-Wagner Business

II equipped in the matter of

personnel The school has recently is-

en handsome cat

Reliable
Salesmen Wanted!

We hh to i>[
Services o I h i j h
Office Specialty Salesm
everywhere. Exceptional o
portunity

cite

An .

[Heal

' profitable ride line.

L3E

YOU R B 1RJKI M

ARITHSTYLE AR1TH-MACH1NE s

Handiest, Faaleat, < li.upe.t a

IMtM IP tl. COMITTINC MACHINE j

V . I . I - . s„|,|r,„.(,. Multiplies. Divide*. H

DUPLEX CHECKING SYSTEM

I'ltKVI M II I Ol tll-1 IKES

nit"! . ARITHSTUl COMPANY Suite

88th St. Arcade, iNcw York, Bt«,ocst Bootlef.

LLljr ISuBinpBB Journal

IUNAIIUN Ur

I "' -"-'• 1 — i n" *<" ~rmrr

tiFWft liiliri.TP rPlttpr that the fiA^riO,v/o(/5 fiedwNS which have ex/sted

U .MIIUU UlltU BETWEEN US EDR50;1A>JY YEA/15 AXE ABOUT TO BE 5EVEHED.

iiiiijfajjj]y£|J[:iiiil["iiliiiiliii[

VMl T/MES WW Y/VT 'WiY ' C/f£A7&/WZ37ArftTB17nr'rUSA55l/R£////t7mT

IIBFoii aim iuiioi mtu licuet-tie -fonpitni

AND THAT THROUGHOUT THE YEARS TO COME.WHEREVER HE MAY BE OR
WHATEVER VOCATION IN LIFE HE MAY PUR5UE.WE WISH HIM UNLIMITED

m mmm^> $mmm J

Engrossing by E. E. Marlatt.

In sending in a fine list of subscrib
ers, M. F. Bellows, principal of the
Syracuse Commercial School, of Syra-
cuse, V Y . u rites : "I like the Joi B
n al tlii^ year very much better 1 be-
lieve than ever before. You are cer-
tainly putting 11 1 » a good maga :in<
That is the kind of testimony that
cheers us and inspires us to still
efforts.

I will ti

S by mail 'I hi course con-
gists of twenty carefully graded lessons and
all are fresh pi n I [or this

. ompli te coursi ..... s.oi Ci lai upon

ornate style, 25i

l sei tin ifui scrap-

book specimen, ■

J. 1 1. Frey, the well-known penman,
is spending his second year at the
Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
studying to be n physician. That does
not however prevent him from keeping
in active touch with the Business Jour-
nal, the 1912 January number of which
he considers a "hummer." He -ends

us one of the scl 1 calendars which is

beautifully illustrated with views of
the University buildings:

1 'K .iMire, when it is n man's ■ hie !
purpose, disappoints itself; and the con-
stant application to it palls the faculty
of enjoining it, though it leaves the
sense of our inability for that we wish.
disrelish of

Remington Enterprise in Berlin.

The firm of Glogowski & Company
who represent the Remington Type-
writer Company in Berlin, recently em-
ployed such a novel means of advertis-
ing that is worth special mention.

Knowing the habits of the people of
Berlin and their nightly strolling along
the streets looking at the sights, the
Glogowski people, secured a dirigible
balloon which they decorated with the
advertising sign "Remington Type-
writers" (in Gentian) and floated it
over the German Capital in the early
evening hours when the streets were
crowded.

The effectiveness of this kind of dis-
play can be easily imagined. The noc-
turnal appearance of this fish-like mon-
ster caused much comment along the
Berlin streets.

W. \Y. Mortimer of the patent office
and S. E. Sullivan of the postoffice de-
partment. Washington, D. C, are two
of our unknown, unsung heroes. These
are the men whose wonderful Spen-
ccrian handwriting does much to con-
tribute to the success of the presidential
receptions at the White House. Invita-
tions tn these parties that the President
gives are nicely engraved, just as if it
were a wedding, but the name of the
invites on each invitation is filled in by
hand. The writing is so like the flow-
ing style of the engraver, however, that
one must look a second time to discern
where the engraving leaves off and the
handwriting begins. It is here that
Messrs. Mortimer and Sullivan figure.
Nearly all the White House invitations
are filled in by them. They are high-
grade men, each one a division chief in
his department, and could easily occupy
themselves with more intricate things
than fancy handwriting stunts, but ap-
parently there have been produced no
younger men competent to take their
places Mori- recent graduates of our
public schools have been taught the
vertical writing system, which wouldn't
do at all on a White House invitation.
Vnd so Messrs. Mortimer and Sullivan
have been called into service, year after
year, to jab tluir pens into rich black
ink, and their tongues against their
cheeks, while they fill in the Spen-
cerian flourishes that will cause hun-
dreds of people to, eet out the-ir evening

clothes and travel to the While- House
It is said that neither Mortimer nor
Sullivan was much better than the aver-
age boys when they first bought their
copybooks in the primary grades and
began to practice on the A's and O'i

57 U>jty\ 5 -^

Hl]e liJusinras Haurnal

Record Breaking Speed and Accuracy

WORLD'S TYPEWRITING CHAMPIONSHIP won on the

Underwood Typewriters

Once each year for six consecutive years, at the Annual Business Show, Madison Square
Garden, New York City, the World's Fastest Typewriter Operators have competed for the

WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP and $1,000.00 TROPHY.
EVERY contest EVERY year in EVERY cla»s has been won on the UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER

and the following are the World's Championship Records, for one hour's writing
from unfamiliar matter, after five words were deducted for each and every error :

November 1st,
November 17th,
October 22nd,
September 30th,
October 27th,
October 26th,

1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911

Rose L. Fritz

H. O. Blaisdell

82
87
87
95
109
112

UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD

The winning operator may change but the winning machine is always THE UNDERWOOD

"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

OTHER RECORDS

In addition to these records, UNDERWOOD operators hold the World's Amateur Championship, the World's School
Championship— the English Championship, the Canadian Championship, as well as all other Official Championships.
The Official Record of the Underwood for one hour's work is 23 words per minute better than the best record of any
ether competing machine.

The Underwood Typewriter Plant Is over 50 Per Cent Larger Than Anx> Other.
More Underwood Typewriters are Manufactured and Sold than any other Writing Machine in the World.

THE
SHORT
HAND
CLUB.

We have received a circular from the Shorthand Club'
of New York, which has headquarters at 159 West 125th
Street, Manhattan, and a branch office at 47 Ashland Place,
Brooklyn. This is a live organization devoted to the in-
terests of those who are already experi-
enced in shorthand work of all kinds-
city, state and federal civil service, or in
professional or commercial offices — and
who are seeking to advance themselves in
the practice of stenography. The Club is limited to males
only and is now entering upon its fourth year of existence.
It is conducted solely in the interests of its members, who
now exceed the 150 mark. Twelve directors conduct the
affairs of the Club. It holds sessions three nights each
week for speed practice at its Manhattan office, and three
nights a week, for the same purpose, at its Brooklyn branch.
Lectures on interesting subjects are given occasionally and
everything possible done to keep up the interest of its
members. The ihn-s are variable, according to attendance,
but are within the reach of all. Further details may lie
obtained by addressing the secretary at either the Manhat-
tan or Brooklyn ofl

ncern thai manufactured cracker machinery

MOTION •' IU'W machine that made it possible for a

PICTURES manufacturer using it to save $250 per

FOR day. It was made to sell at $2,200. The

ADVER- manufacturer ordered twentj five machines

TISING. and his whole sales force concentrated on

marketing the products. Very few machines were sold and
in six months a great amount of capital was tied up ami

the machines were unsold. By chance a picture film was

all the machines were sold. Motion pictures for selling ma-
chines can be made to show the product in practical opera-
tion in any form. A motionscope outfit resembles a sales-
man's hand sample case and can be put in operation by
connecting it to any electric light socket. The cost is com-
paratively low, considering the fact that the life of the film
is unlimited and that duplicates of the original negative
may he secured at about one-tenth of the price of the first
picture.

The Univ

A SHORT
HAND
NEWS-
PAPER.

no means 0

the French

sand Indian
in shorthan

ersal adoption of some system of shorthand has
long been the dream of shorthand enthusi-
asts, but though that happy event is not \et
in sight, a slight step has been made to-
wards that end. The Chinook language as
used by the Indians in llritish Columbia had
f written communication, A missionary adapted
Duployan shorthand to it, and now three thou-
s are able to read and write their own language
ml a newspaper is printed in it.

A letter has Keen received by the "Times" from a promi-
nent official of the City Government denouncing the "muscu-
lar movement" system of teaching penmanship, as used in the
PENMAN- New York public schools on the ground

SHIP that all who learn it write alike. He admits

IN THE that it is "delightfullj legible" but there is no

PUBLIC individuality in it. The "Times'" sensibly

SCHOOLS. takes the other side and argues that "char-
acter" will come later and quite soon enough but undoubtedly
at the expense of legibility. No fault can be found with the
system. The pupils learn to write rapidly and well. The in-
dividuality will certainly come, as it always has in the past.

* * * v

I » % * «

Ptetijt of
iuame^ CffitiEiuj)

MARCH, 191

1}"Y- News Fdi'ion

PL/ffL/5HE0 MOMTHLY ATT/fE - REGULAR EDITION 7J< A YEAR

TskW

i * t * <
♦ # ♦ # <

Hht IBusinrss Journal

"Cost Accountancy for Manufacturing"

OF "ROWE'S BOOKKEEPING AND ACCOUNTANCY"

is now in the hands of teachers. It embodies a standard of accountancy proficiency which two years
ago was deemed impossible for the average commercial student.

Booth's Progressive Dictator

has made hundreds of proficient, first-rate high-speed shorthanders out of material that was not
promising until it was supplied with the right kind of speed training, — training that could be followed
up continuously in the school-room or outside of it. We supply the dictation exercises and the paper
on which they are written for the one price of the paper or of the dictator, when purchased separate-
ly. This is one of the greatest labor and time-saving inventions in the history of stenographic instruc-
tion.

35,000 SETS of "Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy" were used during the last calendar
year. Over 100,000 sets will be used during the present calendar year of 1912.

BALTIMORE

~7fr& /-f.>ns./idousz/&t

MARYLAND

DIPLOMAS E

Every School
very School Needs

DIPLOMAS

WE CAN FURNISH ONE OR A THOUSAND

"The science of business is the science of service, and he
profits most who serves best"— WE AIM TO PLEASE

TELL US what you require in the DIPLOMA line: — 1st,
quantity — 2d, quality. We can then write you fully
and to the point, submitting samples for inspection.

WALTER E. DUNN
The Diploma Mnn

There is more in Business
Building than in Business
netting -WE MAKE HOOD.

AMES & ROUINSON COMPANY

203 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Our experience as diploma makers — cov-
ering forty years — is at your service.

DO IT NOW AND DO IT RIGHT.
YES, DO IT RIGHT-WRITE NOW.

* *

£mtl?!

|J f ueu think viou'ut missei

tfte mark . Use a Smile:

If pour life seems in tftc 6ark.

' "U'hy Ui*l Smile .

13 en't qire up in am} figjtt;

There's a eominq iajj

X fiat's bright.

0 (teres a Aawrv feetjoni tjic

niaht, 3fl}0uSmilf.

DON'T WORRY—

SMILE- FO R
"DIPLOMA DUNN

Has Several New Diploma Designs

The Business Journal, Published by the Business Journal Company, Tribune Building, New York, Horace G. Healey, Editor.

Entered as second-class matter March 1, 1910, at the post office at New York. N. Y., under the Act of March 3. 1879.
Copyright, 1911, by The Business Journal Company.

.le./nn

* % % % % ♦ %

THE PRIZE WINNERS IN SEVEN INTERNATIONAL CONTESTS

Time
Place

Contestants

System

Average

1 Gross
Matter Speed Per
Kead Minute for
Five
Minutes

Errors
16

Percentage

Accuracy

Net Speed

Minute
Under the
Rules

Positions

Awards

April 14, 1906

at
Baltimore

Sidney H. Godfrey

London, Eng.

Isaac
Pitman

Newspaper

167

98.1

150

Miner
Medal

Mar. 30, 1907

Boston

Nellie M. Wood
of Boston, Mass.

Sidney H. Godfrey
of London, Eng.

Isaac
Pitman

Judge's Charge
Newspaper

225
165

45
31

96
96.25

163
123

Eagan
Cup

Miner
Medal

April 18, 1908

Philadelphia

Nellie M. Wood
of Boston

C. H. Marshall
of Chicago

Isaac

Pitman

Pit-
manic

Testimony 260
Testimony 260

21
54

98.4
95.8

253
242

1
3

Eagan
Cup

Miner
Medal

April 10, 1909

Providence

Nellie M. Wood
of Boston

Isaac
Pitman

Judge's Charge) 240
Testimony 277

65
65

94.6
95.3

227

264

Eagan Cap

pernunenlly and

World's Speed Record

Aug. 24, 1909

at
Lake George

WillardB.Bottome
of New York

Pit-
manic

Speech
Testimony

207
280

98.8
94.3

205
262

Shorlhard Wriler Cup

and Title "Champion

Shr nhard Wriler

of the World"

Aug. 23, 1910

Denver

Clyde H. Marshall
of Brooklyn

Pit-
manic

Speech

Judge's Charge

Testimony

200
240
280

39
85
62

96.11
92.91

95.58

192.6
222.8
268

Slortband Wriler Cnp

2nd Ti'le "Cb<mpion

Shcrlrand Wriler

of Ihe World"

Aug. 28, 19H
at

Buffalo

" Nellie M. Wood
of Boston

Nathan Behrin
of New York

Isaac
Pitman

Isaac

Pitman

Sermon

Speech

Judge's Charge

Testimony

Speech

Judge's Charge

Testimony

150
170
190
210

200
240
280

4
5
2
7

40
60

99.47
99.41
99.79
99.33

98.2

96.66
95.71

149.2
189
189.6
208.6

196.4

232

268

Adams' Accuracy
Trophy permanent;

S orlSand Writer Cup

; nd Title "Champion

Shcrlh.-nd Writer

of the World"

Copies of this Table and particulars of a Free Correspondence Course for Teachers will be sent on application by

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, 2 West 45th St., New York.

Typewriting Results That Count

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In September 1909, Miss Bessie Friedman, who was then but fourteen years of age, began the study of type-
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the World's Novice Championship held at Madison Square Garden and succeeded in writing at the rate of 81 net
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57 Le>yrr) 5 +-

36th Year

MARCH, 1912

No. 7

GRAPHOLOGY.

From "Questioned Documents" by Albert S. Osborn,

of New York.

(Published by permission.)

HARACTER reading from handwriting, or
what is known as graphology, would be of great
assistance in identifying disputed handwriting, if
the so-called science were more certain in its
results. This method of investigation, at least in
its present state, seems to be of doubtful value as an aid
in the discovery and proof of the facts in any kind of ques-
tioned document inquiry. So many modifying and disturbing
elements enter into the problem of determining from hand-
writing alone the higher attributes of human character that
it seems dangerous to put much reliance upon it. This state-
ment is made with full appreciation of the skill acquired by
certain exponents of graphology, and also with some knowl-
edge of their errors and limitations. Discredit and ridicule
are brought upon the subject by the tendency of its advo-
cates of all grades, in their practice and their books, to
carry their deductions to a ridiculous extreme.

Every one knows who has had even limited experience
that through handwriting, if not by it, certain things re-
garding an individual are shown with more or less clear-
ness. Is it not possible, however, that many, perhaps un-
consciously, attribute to the handwriting what the message
itself reveals? One sentence, spoken or written, may give a
definite measure of the mental or even spiritual stature of
a man. Excluding, however, the content or message which
the graphologist does not seem inclined to do when he
insists on complete letters for examination, it is true that
handwriting itself does show certain characteristics of the
individual. The most pronounced of these are perhaps ex-
tremes of vigor and of weakness; education is shown in
some measure, and illiteracy with more certainty by the bare
forms themselves. Neatness and its opposite are also shown,
as they would be by clothing or personal appearance; fussi-
ness and its opposite can also no doubt be distinguished in
some cases, and some other similar traits.

Those with the fullest scientific knowledge of the human
brain put the least reliance upon what has been called the
science of phrenology, which at one time was very popular,
and of handwriting it also seems to be true that a thorough
study of the subject, especially of its chronology and his-
tory, tends to weaken belief in what are described as the
principles of graphology. It is one thing, through a thor-
ough knowledge of the subject in its various phases and
history, to discover and interpret the thousands of writing
characteristics by which writing is identified and shown to
be genuine or false, and an altogether different and more
audacious thing to attempt to attach to all these characteris-
tics a definite character value. In some foreign countries
the word graphologist seems to be applied interchangeably

to those who attempt to read character from handwriting
and also to those who investigate disputed documents and
testify in courts as experts as to the identity of handwriting,
but in America and England a sharp distinction is drawn be-
tween the two classes. A graphologist rarely if ever testifies
■ in court in America or England.

There are many devoted disciples of graphology through-
out the world, and the science may be a true one as they
firmly believe— and it is no doubt true in some measure-
but many are of the opinion that it has not yet entirely proved
itself. Two journals devoted to graphology are published in
Europe and the subject seems to be most popular' in Germany
and France. Many books of widely varying quality have
been written on the question and in many ways the study
is a most fascinating one. It is but fair to say that the
subject should always be judged by its ablest exponents,
and not by the many ignorant pretenders whose palpable
blunders often make it ridiculous.

The subject of graphology can hardly escape serious criti-
cism as long as its advocates attempt to do too much, and its
authors put into the books on the subject such silly stuff
as is found in them. It would be much better if those who
practice graphology did not attempt to find in handwriting
indications of "disturbances in the functions of the bowels,"
or "altruism restricted to family," or "love of animals," o«
"sterility either in the male or female." The following quota-
tions show to what lengths graphologists will go:

The speed of the pen to the left is the graphic sign for
defensiveness, and, when the strefke describes the segment
of a circle, and sweeps in that direction, protectiveness and
the love of the young or animals is surely indicated thereby.
—Richard Dimsdale Stocker, in The Language of Hand-
writing, page 93 (1901).

Briefly, then, I have noticed that a love of athletics ii
indicated by the small letters p, y and g, having an abnor-
mally long down-stroke commencing on a level with the
other part of the letter. * * * In cases where sterility, either
in male or female, seemed indicated by lack of family in
married life, I have frequently noticed an extreme lack of
liaison between the letters of a word.— J. Harrington Keene,
("Grapho") in The Mystery of Handwriting, page 17 (1896).
From a table of General and Particular Graphologic Signs:
whose letters are not near together although they
may he connected— a person easy of access. Capitals joined
to the letter following— altruism. Capitals joined to the
letter following after making a loop— altruism restricted to
family or to coterie. Small m and n in form of the u— nat-
ural benevolence. Dots placed very high— religious spirit.
Capital M the first stroke lower than the second— envious
pride.— John Holt Schooling, in Handwriting and Expression
(1892), a translation of "l'Ecriture et le Caractere,'" by M.
Crepieux-Jamin, Paris.

The left-handed bending on right-handed main strokes,
seems, if placed at the upper part of the stroke— to show

Slip Uusinr-ss Snurnal

disturbances in the functions of the bowels, at the inter-
mediate and lower part of the stroke, it is indicative of dif-
ferent kinds of diseases of the stomach. The latter form
is seemingly of graver significance than the former. — Mag-
daline Kintzel-Thumm, in Psychology and Pathology of
Handwriting, page 137 (1905).

THE ALBANY CONVENTION.

Elsewhere in this issue will be found a complete pro-
gram of the convention of the Eastern Commercial Teachers'
Association, which will be held in Albany, N. Y., April 4th
to 6th, inclusive.

The topics selected represent subjects that are close
to the work of us all. How many, many times have we
exclaimed, "Oh, if I could only know how some other
teacher handled this vexed question !" So now is the time
to learn of the experience of others in solving these knotty
problems. This opportunity affords you a chance to inter-
change ideas that will prove of great assistance to you later,
and lighten the burden you are carrying.

Co-operation and affiliation are two terms which we now
realize mean as much for the teaching profession as they da
for business.

You cannot spend your Easter vacation to better advan-
tage than by coming in contact with the bunch of good
fellows you will find at Albany. Bring along that awful
attack of the "blues," if you wish, and they will show you
how to change the complexion of things so that they will
take on a rosy hue instead.

A" can g°-

Lots of fun, as well as much benefit.

Bring another commercial teacher with you.

Ally yourself with a band of progressive workers.

Neglect no opportunity to advance your interests.

Yuu owe it to yourself to go.

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.
W. D. Sears, Drake College, Jersey City, N. J.
J. L. Beers, Bridgeport, Conn., Business College.
John Nobbs, Brooklyn, N. Y.

E. H. McGhee, Rider-Moore & Stewart School, Trenton,
N. J.

H. H. Beidleman. H. M. Rowe Co., Baltimore, Md.

C. H. Larsh, Miner's Business Academy. Brooklyn, X. Y.
L. C. Horton, Eagan School, Hoboken, N. J.

H. A. Aliment, Monarch Typewriter Co., New York.
J. P. Arends, New York Commercial School, New York
City.

F. P. Baltz, Eastern District High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.
J. Albert Kalb, Superintendent of Schools, Millburn, N. J.
I. L. Calvert, Drake College, E. Orange, N. J.

D. H. O'Keefe, Jamaica, N. Y., High School.
J \Y. Beers, Van Nest, X. Y.

INVITATIONS RECEIVED.

I he I officers and Faculty of Peirce School, Philadelphia,
request the pleasure <>f your company at the Forty-sixth
Graduation Exercises, Wednesday evening, January 24, 1912,
The American Academy of Music.

The students of the Auburn, X. Y, Business School Class
"t L912, cordially invite you to attend the Twenty-second
Annual Reunion ami Dance to lie given at ( '. millci X Dancing
■ . F i I'l.i. i v ening, February 2. 1912,

We would like the honor of your presence at the Vnnual
Dancing Party given by the students of the Utica, N. Y.,
School of Commerce. Jacobus' Dancing Academy, Old Court
House, Friday evening. February 16, 191.'. Concert and Re-
ception S to 8:30, Fort's Orchestra.

THE SPOKANE MEETING.

The old saying, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull
boy" is true in more than one sense, especially if applied
to those teachers who do nothing but "plug." The growing
popularity of teachers' conventions demonstrates that, with-
in the last ten years, an entirely new view of the possibilities
in a commercial teacher's life and calling, is coming to pre-
vail.

Spokane.

And now comes the finest opportunity in the history of
commercial teachers' conventions, to combine professional
and physical benefit through the big convention to be held in
Spokane July 15-19, V.if>, not to mention the large intellectual
horizon sure to be the possession of every teacher who has
not hitherto made the transcontinental trip; nor the ac-
quaintances made that will land many a good position before
the trip ends.

The railways have made a very low rate from Chicago
to the Pacific Coast this year, making it possible, to go out
by one route and return by another. Doubtless, the eastern
lines will make an inducement between eastern points and
Chicago, in1 connection with the annual convention of the Na-
tional Educational Association, which this year will meet in
St. Paul.

Spokane Club.
Besides, some of the Federation officials have formed an
organization which they call "The Teachers' Spokane Club,"
with the object of effecting the saving always possible when
large numbers act in concert. W. H. Shoemaker, 7-170 Bond
Avenue, Chicago, is the Secretary of the Club, and will give
inquirers full information. C. A. Faust, for many years the
efficient Treasurer of the National Commercial Teachers'
Federation, is the President of the Club. This organization
will make the trip under the escort of a first-class tourist
agency on the all-expense-paid plan. They believe they have
arranged a tour that is the acme of comfort, economy, and
variety.

Entertainment.

The cities of the Northwest and of the Pacific Coast are
planning to make this convention an opportunity to send back
to the East several hundred enthusiastic "boosters" for the
Far West. There will be automobile trips and luncheons and
dinners and all the large hospitality for which the West has
become famous. We expect to see our friend, R. J. Maclean,
erstwhile Business Manager of Goldey College, Wilmington,
Delaware, now Secretary of the big Spokane Chamber of
Commerce, fairly "lay himself out" to give his professional
brethren the time of their lives. President Morton Mac-
Cormac, of the Federation, will doubtless be glad to furnish
full information about the convention, if you address him at
1208 East 63d St., Chicago.

PINK WRAPPER

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le/nn S^~

SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING

STENOGRAPHY, A STEPPING STONE.
The problem that ever confronts the parent of moderate
means in our metropolitan centres is : "What shall I do with
my daughter?" The average father cannot afford to give his
young lady the complete school training that he would like
and at the same time is desirous of having her trained in
some profession that will make her independent and self-sup-
porting, and likewise be a genteel one and bring her into con-
tact with the finer side of the world.

An occupation that has forced itself on the public, as be-
ing practically the only one to be considered, is that of
stenography and typewriting. No occupation so nearly fills
the parent's aspiration for his daughter's future as this.
Twenty-five years ago a current magazine stated that there
were then nearly one hundred lady stenographers employed
in New York. Today a conservative estimate might place it
at 100,000, and the demand for the weaker sex capable of
satisfactorily filling positions of responsibility as private sec-
retary s or civil service employees, continues to be greater
than the supply.

In mercantile houses a quick and apt young lady of pleas-
ing personality with a business training of from six to ten
months, starts at a weekly stipend of from $5 to $7, imme-
diately upon her debut into the business world, her wage in-
creasing until she enjoys, in the course of three or four
years, a remuneration of $15 to $1S, and longer service and
careful study of business problems may increase her salary
to as high as $30 to $40; in the offices of insurance com-
panies and great corporations this latter amount not being
infrequently paid while much higher salaries are enjoyed by
many.

livery office building in the greater metropolis has at least
one, and sometimes several business women who are not only
independent, but earning for themselves salaries that many
business men would be satisfied to receive, and having made
themselves experts in their particular line, have bee. me an
indispensable adjunct to the financial and business sections of
the city.

As teachers of the art there is a steady and growing de-
mand not only from private but public schools, the latter
paying from $1,400 a year upward for day services only,
while some ambitious teachers are employed in the evening
also, with the opportunity of increasing" their salarv from
$300 to $",00 per annum, and in addition to this having the
usual annual vacation of two months with pay.

The Civil Service offers many opportunities for lucrative
positions and great advancement, berths paying from $750 to
$3,000 a year being offered to those who will make them-
selves competent, and the records of the various departments
show that those capable of passing examinations and receiv-
ing a rating near the top of the list are scarce and quickly
appointed.

The names of young lady stenographers who have made
goi d would i 11 no smad list, but a tew will sumce.

.Miss May E. Orr. one of the first to enter the stenographic
field and a past world's champion, is now a director in the
largest typewriter corporation in the world.

The Rosen f eld sisters, whose names flash to our minds
instinctively when the public stenographer is mentioned, are
indej endently wealthy.

Miss Rose Fritz, who is known everywhere and by everv-
body as the queen of typists, is one of a host of expert
operators who receive salaries that run into four figures

Miss Xcllie E. Wood now the most expert shorthand
writer m the world, and official reporter in the Boston courts
represent many in similar occupations who earn upwards
ot $5,000 a year. It will thus be seen that stenographv and
typewriting form an inviting stepping stone for young ladies
who would seek the best that can he gotten from a contact
with the business world R. A. Kelts, in -The Globe" Vew
York-.

TRANSCRIPT OF SHORTHAND NOTES IN FEB-
RUARY JOURNAL.
The basis of speed is found in the correct understanding
of every principle of your particular system of shorthand.
<>i course until the fundamental principles are mastered, you
have no right to attempt the attainment of high speed. An
incomplete preparation at the beginning is the rock on
which many an otherwise promising career is wrecked. Let
it be understood from the start that there is no roval road
to accurate shorthand writing at hieh speed. It means hard,
persistence, intense application, and continued prac-
tice Many .if the principles that make for speed are apt
to be forgotten if you do not open your text-book once in

a while and review. Take up one principle at a time and
Stud} it closely, feel sure that you have it perfectly under
control before you proceed to the next. Review and get
firmly tixed in your mind all the word signs and contrac-
tions. You will undoubtedly find that you can cut down
a great many unnecessary long outline's. The text-book
may su] ply briefer forms, which can be used without any
loss of legibility. The ground work must be thoroughly
mastered. You cannot review the principles of your short-
hand system too often. Having made a careful review
ot your text-book to your satisfaction, vou are in a position
to take up the next step.— From the Stenographic Expert.

BOOKS FOR BUSINESS PEOPLE.

The Business Journal. Tribune Building. New York will
send any ot the books mentioned in this column upon receip
of price.

r5,7;'""" Finance, by Edward S. Meade, Ph.D. 12 mo. Cloth
i-ully describes financing and procedure if corpmations. $2.00

Modem Accounting, by H. R. Hatfield. Ph.D. 12 mo. I
profits $1V763' C Modern Accounting and the determ

The Work of Wall Street, by Sereno S. Pratt. 12 mo
$ia2C6ICa "leW great fjnancial cemer a»d i's

The Modem Bank, by Amos K. Fiske. 12 mo. Cloth
oughly practical book coverin;
banking. $1.50.

Modern Advertising, by E. E. Calkins and Ralph Holden. 62 illus
trations. 12 mo. Cloth. Tells all about advertising and how it is

- Cloth. /

odus operandi

th.

. .o.,v. ... ,„u. V.10111. 2\ inor-
ndensed form all essential data of

done. $1.50.

First Lessons in Finance
trations. 12 mo. Cloth. A
are obtained and the instill

F. A. Cleveland, Ph.D.

■!. clear survey of Funds,

s and agencies employed

Many

llus.

- unds

Funding

Operations. $1.2

WRITING SUPPLIES.
The Journal will fill orders for the following supplies on
receipt of the price in postage stamps-

n°JZ!hUCuZ,?na/ PoJ"!ed pr,s ty Text Lettering, set of 11. 26c.
Rouble Holder for Soennecken Pens. Holds two pens at one time,

iJinii'1'" Pc"hc,dcrs- °ne. IOc; t»o, 18c. Special prices by the
French India Ink 1 bottle by mail, 50c; 1 dozen, by express $5 00
(f''n'"-s £& L Principality Pens, one gross, $1.00. *

Oillutt s 604 £. F. Pens, one gross, 76c.

Isaac Pitman Notes by E. H. Craver, Paterson, N. J.

<S- > / -^1 J **■ ^9-=r\/A>...-^ <r-~^0

-/■

:-'.k.L

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U>lu> IBuatttesa Journal

PEIRCE SCHOOL COMMENCEMENT.
A beautiful scene was presented at the Academy of
Music in Philadelphia, on the evening of January 24th,
when 223 students, comprising the largest graduating
class in the history of the Peirce School of Business
Training, received their final instructions and were sent
forth to make a name for themselves in the business
world. Among- the group were to be found students
from Porto Rico, Cuba and other West India points, as
well as from distant localities in the United States — stu-
dents who would not permit any obstacle to deprive
them of that invaluable possession, a good business
education. Impressiveness was added to the occasion by
the presence of Governor Tener of Pennsylvania, and
other notable guests. The principal addresses of the
evening were delivered by John Wanamaker, the mer-
chant-prince, of Philadelphia, and Senator Swanson, of
Virginia. We quote an extract from Mr. Wanamaker's
address, as reported by the Philadelphia Press, and
strongly urge our readers to peruse this not cnce but
many times, making it a part of themselves. There is
some splendid advice contained in his remarks.

"If I could find your ladder for you I would put your
feet and hands on the rungs to-night, but each of you
must choose your own ladder. There are possibly up-
wards of 2000 young men and young women here to-
night who are deeply concerned to make proper choice
of their life occupation. Ask me if I think that everyone
of you can succeed, and I will say yes to each of you
two thousand times.

Ask me if I believe that each of you will succeed, and
I must answer emphatically no. I think it is possible
for you to succeed, because we came out from God,
the source of life, to do something He fitted us for
in the world He made for man, and the life He gave
to each must go back to Him to give account of what
the man did with it. I do not think He made us in His
own image and likeness without meaning to help us
to success, and we must admit the Creator surely has
a right to elect His own way to do His work.

I said that I did not believe everyone would succeed,
and the reason is that to excel in life is not given to
a man, except as the reward of persevering labor, and,
further, I fear some of those who are listening to me
will forget what I am saying and do as many others
have done, become crippled at the outstart.

Pride often blinds a man when he is to get his living
by hard work, and he leaves one place after another
and makes no headway to a permanent income.

Conceit is a wily robber of a man's hearing. In his
confidence of his own self-knowledge, he is not willing
to listen to the sure but slow methods of making money;
and seeing that other men get rich without labor, he
borrows and steals and loses and has the penalties to
bear because he refused to hear and believe that the
Straight Road is the only sure road for a man not to
be lost upon.

What is success?
It is not easy to tell you.

It comes to me to say that it is a thorough know-
ledge of your best self and doing the thing well that
you can do well, and holding yourself tight at it, close
and constant at the one thing to which you have given
your life. The amassing of money is not the proper
criterion of success.

Money is not a picklock for everything, as is
often said.

Real success in life may be gained in every honest
calling, and by even humble people, to the extent of
luCing a good living, and all who use their qualifica-
tions wisely may take out patents of nobility of character,
simplicity of life, and usefulness to their fellowmen.

There are forms of greatness and superb excellence
that are only earth-crowned by families and communities.
I do not believe success is unattainable for anyone, if
one sets the right way about it and steadily pursues
its star.

Whoever makes quick use of the passing moment
<>f startling discoveries and overcoming of obstacles of
time and space is the genius that shall be honored,
whether his name is Westinghouse, Wright or Edison.

It might be taken for granted that your course of
studic- headed you for business careers: but inasmuch
as your education gives you a better fitness for any
calling you select. 1 will only say that whatever you
have learned can be checked through to any destination

Gregg Notes by Alice L. Rinne, Chicago, 111.

s~&

Munson Notes by the Huntsinger School, Hartford Conn.

tejvm 5 "*~

3Ijp Uuaittftia Journal

you may wish to travel to. It is usable the world around.

I set before you seven roadbeds for life trains, on

which you will find old tracks in good running order:- —

1. The Professional.

2. The Artistic.

3. The Agricultural.

4. The Mechanical and Scientific.

5. The Handicrafts.

6. The twofold Commercial and Manufacturing'.

7. The Business Life apart from Commerce, being
Railroads, Shipping, Banking and Insurance.

It may be that some of your friends will laugh at
you for the decision you make as to what you will do
with your life; but, after all, you are the one most con-
cerned, and your wisdom will be better judged at the
end than at the beginning. Get on the highroad as quickly
as you can, and by well-doing and steadfastness keep
a-going. Wherever there is a good man truly using the
strength and sense that have been given to him in any
business wherein he does not harm his fellow men, he
is three-quarters of the way to being a good Christian,
no matter where he lives, where he was born, or what
his color is."

ARITHMETIC FOR THE BUSINESS OFFICE.

By G. J. Raynor, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Some good practice problems in Bank Discount.

1. On August 2nd John Doe bought goods to the
extent of $2680., on 60 days credit, or less 2% for cash
in 10 days. On the 10th day he discounted his note at
50 days at 6% for enough to obtain the necessary cash
and paid the bill less the cash discount. How much
better for him was this than paying the full amount of
the bill at the end of the 60 days credit?

2. In order to increase his bank balance, which on
August 12th was $480.17, James Miller discounted at 5%
the following described paper and had the proceeds cre-
dited to his account. What was his bank balance after
these credits were added?

A note at 30 days from July 30th for $450.
A note at 90 days from June 30th for $700.
A note at 6 months from April 1st for $300. and
interest at 6%.

3. A merchant can buy a bill of furniture on 6 months
credit or 2% off for cash in 30 days. He can pay the
face of the bill at the end of the 60 days or he can
pay cash by borrowing the money at the bank at 5%
by having a note discounted at 5 months for enough so
that the proceeds will furnish the required cash. Which
will be to his advantage and how much?

4. Perkins & Co. have bills due to-day amounting to
$12916.47 and their bank balance is only $1900.41 ; they
have on hand a note for $1120.50 due 19 days, a note for
$2428.40 due 27 days, and a note for $7500. due in 40
days. They have these notes discounted at 6% and the
proceeds placed to their credit alter which they pay all
their bills by checks. What is then the condition of
their bank account?

5. Supply the missing items in the following abstract
from a bank's Discount Register, the date of discount
being Oct. first.

Face Date Time Rate Pis. Proc's

$1200. Oct. 1 3 mo. 6%

1500. Sept. 20 60 d 6%

1750. Sept. 15 90 d 6%

500. Oct. 1 90 d 6%

450. Sept. 25 1 mo. 6%

Total

6. Edward Smith owes you $1750. and one year's
interest, due to-day. In payment of principal and in-
terest he offers you a 90-day note in his favor for $600.
and interest at 5% due in 10 days; a note in his favor
for $500. due in 72 days ; the balance including the dis-
count on the two notes in cash. What should be the
amount of the cash?

7. When Edward Roe sold his motor boat he had
two offers: A offered him a note for $1800. payable in
throe years with interest at 5%. B offered $1700. cash.
If Roe was in need of ready money, which was the better
offer, assuming that he could at once have the note dis-
counted at 6*~c?

If Roe had no immediate need for the cash, which
would have been better for him to accept the note, or

to take the cash offer and put the money in a savings
bank at 4%, interest compounded semi-annually?

8. When a man discounts his note at a bank at 6%,
what per cent, does he really pay for the money obtained?

Benn Pitman Notes by J. E. Fuller, Wilmington, Del.

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Graham Notes by Andrew J. Graham & Co., New York.

®lje Husinraa Journal

OUR GOLD MEDAL CONTESTS.

We desire again to call attention to our Penmanship
Contests for the ensuing year. In our September issue we
gave some details in which we stated that the success of
last year's contests was so great and wide-spreading that we
had decided to offer similar prizes to the student body of
America for the present year. We believe in good penman-
ship, and desire to do all in our power to stimulate interest
in this all-important study. The Business Journal in its
columns is monthly offering sets of lessons for the practice
of penmanship, which are unrivalled. They are prepared
by masters of the art, and if properly followed will produce
the best class of penmen.

We would ask all students and others desiring to enter
the Contests to read the following:

The Business Journal in order to encourage the practice
of penmanship among the student body of America, hereby
offers to award Gold, Silver and Bronze medals as follows :

To the student who makees the Most Improvement in Pen-
manship up to July 1, 1912, a Gold Medal; to the second
best a Silver Medal ; to the third best a Bronze Medal.

To the best writer on July 1, W12, a Gold Medal ; to the
second best a Silver Medal ; to the third best a Bronze
Medal.

These Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals will be suitably
engraved with the names of the Winner, the Teacher, the
School and the Date.

Conditions of Contest.

1. Each competitor must be a subscriber to the Business
Journal in a club of ten or more.

2. The contestants to follow the instructions and lessons
given in the courses for the year.

3. The contest to begin on the date the student enters
school, and to close on July 1, 1912.

4. All students must file specimens of their work im-
mediately on entering school, the same to be verified and
kept on file by the teachers. Contestants not in school must
send first specimens to the office of the Business Journal,
riie same to be vouched for by some trustworthy person.

■". Final specimens to consist of such work as may be
designated later on to be sent to the Journal office, each
specimen to bear the approval of the teacher, or in case of
the office worker, some individual acceptable to the Journal.

Certificate Awards.

In order that there may be winners in every school, having
ten or more contestants, a Certificate will be awarded to the
one who makes the Most Improvement, and another to the
"Champion Penman." In the contests for Certificates, the
school principal or the teacher in charge will make the
decisions.

These Certificates will lu- beautiful, specially prepared and
worthy of the earnest efforts of all competing penmen.

Teachers who have not yet started a club of contestants
are urged to organize one forthwith and enroll their con-
testants at the earliest possible date. Clubs should be sent in
at once.

Apart from the honor to the individuals and the schools
receiving the medals and other prizes for the best penman-
ship, it must not bi forg itten thai The Business Journal
itself is worth far more- than the small amount of sub-
scription asked for it. Every single number contains matter

and information that cannot fail but to be of the greatest
service to every student or office worker. A perusal of its
columns will keep the reader posted to the minute on all
the latest mechanical labor-saving business appliances; it
will give him hints on -Salesmanship, Advertising, Account-
ancy, Advanced Bookkeeping, and Arithmetic for the
Business Office; it will place before him the finest examples
of Business and Ornamental Penmanship and Writing for
the Accountant ever prepared in any magazine; Shorthand
with examples of five of the leading systems; Touch
Typewriting with a splendid series of lessons by one of the
best teachers in the United States on how to acquire high
speed with accuracy; articles on card systems, filing methods
and scores of other interesting features of an educational
character, written by the best authorities in their special line.
There is no other magazine in the country that offers such
a varied and useful program, and we believe on examination
of the contents of a single number, you will admit that it
is the cheapest and best investment you have ever made.

To those teachers, who have net yet formed a club, we
would urge them to do so forthwith, Now that the rush
incident to the February enrollment is over, we are confident
your students are ready and willing to subscribe to the The
Business Journal, when they know the many advantages
that each number offers them. We shall he happy to send to
any teacher sample copies of the magazine for distribution
among likely subscribers. Then when they are received, it
will be found to be an easy matter to point out the advan-
tages accruing to those who subscribe, and a good Club will
follow as a matter of course. Let us know at once if we can
help you and how. Our services are at your disposal.

Photograph of Solid Gold Medal Awarded last year to

James Rennie, Technical High School, Toronto,

Can., for Best Writing.

ksm S^~

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.
Use your mind as well as your muscle

MR. FLICKINGER'S COURSE COMPLETED.

In the January number the Business Journal began a
three months' course in business writing by the dean of
American penmen, Henry W. Flickinger, of Philadelphia.
The course has met with great favor. In this issue the final
plates appear. Each letter of the alphabet, both capital and
small, has been used, not only separately, but in words and
sentences. It would be difficult to give a more condensed,
yet practical, course in writing.

In conjunction with the introductory course by Mr. Flick-
inger, Mr. Mills, Editor of the Department of Business Writ-
ing, has been giving three pages of intermediate and ad-
vanced work, thus continuing the courses begun in September.

A New Course.
As has been the custom of the Business Journal for many
years, we arc preparing to give a special spring course
to begin following the Easter vacation, on April 8th. This
course has been prepared by one of the most successful
teachers of writing in Canada. J. J. Bailey, High School of
Commerce and Finance, Toronto. The course consists of 44
plates, beginning with the simplest movement drills and con-
tinuing through to sentence practice. It presents the subject
in a very practical and interesting manner, and reflects great
credit upon the work of this popular penman.

Additional Exercises.
In addition to Mr. Bailey's course, the plates now appear-
ing under the head of "Writing for the Accountant" will
continue. As previously stated, this course is presented by
permission of the Publishers of it in book form, H. M.
Rowe Co., Baltimore, Md. There are 59 plates in this course,
and it will be seen that but one-third of them have been run.
It is our plan to run several plates in each issue beginning
with the April number, thereby affording practice for th<
intermediate and advanced work.

THE WORK FOR MARCH.

Introductory Course.
Week of March 4: Plates 1 and 2.
Week of March 11: Plates 3 and 4.
Week of March 18: Plates 5 and 6.
Week of March 25: Plates 7 and 8.

Intermediate Course.
Week of March 4: Plates 2 and 3.
Week of March 11: Plates 4 and 5.
Week of March 18: Plates 6 and 7.
Week of March 25: Plate 1.

BUDGET WORK FOR MARCH.

The Budget Work for March will consist of one page of
each word in plates 2 and 3 in the Intermediate Course.

It is understood that all Budget Work is to be done in ad-
dition to the regular work outlined in connection with the
various plates.

Forget what you are paid to do in business — be willing.
Sometimes the willing fellow sees the necessity of doing an-
other man's work and does it. He may not get his reward
straight away, but it eventually tells its own story. Re-
member a volunteer is worth two pressed men any day.

Illustrating Correct Position of Arm, Hand, Pen and
Paper.

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.

j^'i°.~£!. i&

Fiate 1: Each one of these plates supplies enough material for the work of an entire week. In the first place, a
thorough preparation should be made for each letter, both in the study of its form and in practising the movement in
order to develop proper freedom and skill for the execution of the letter. To this end an entire day should be devoted
to the movement drills and the practice on the single letters. This then may be followed by a drill on the letters used
in separate words, the practice to be continued on the half-line clauses and sentences running entirely across the page.
What is said regarding Plate 1 applies with equal force to each of the other plates.

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Plate 2 : The learners are familiar with the practice of expert writers in grouping letters according to resemblance.
Not only with regard to form, but in the initial strokes P, B, and R naturally fall into one group. Having mastered
one letter, both visually and movementally, the distinctive characteristics of any of the other letters is apparent, and
one can easily see that practice on one letter helps on the others.

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Plate 3: Two styles of the letter r are given. For the sake of legibility the first form is to be commended; as
a movement exercise, the second form more readily lends itself to practical use. The second form should never be used,
however, where the first form can be used, for the simple reason that when hastily made it looks like an n or a v.

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Plate 4 : The figure 1 with the compound curve placed horizontally over it makes a very simple T. Some writers
prefer to make the top first ; by so doing they run no risk in making this letter too high. Two forms of the T are
given: one with the staff perfectly straight; the other with it slightly curved. It will be plain to any one that the curved
stroke is far more graceful than the straight one; furthermore, it readily joins to a succeeding letter.

/e/no 5-^

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P/ate 6: The secret of making a good capital G is to make the upstroke a full curve. The loop should be one-
half or two-thirds the height of the letter. One-half the height is generally better for business purposes. The form
shown in the words "Georgia" and "Good" is much easier to make than the one with the curved base. The reason is
that the curved base forms a part of an indirect oval, while the top is made by the direct oval. The difficulty lies in
harmonizing the slant of these two ovals.

Plate 7: The forms of L are here given. One form is used about as much as the other. The first is a little more
difficult to make than the second. The length of the upper loop in the second form is the stumbling block with most
people.

Plate 8: Three-fourths of the letter S is made just the same as the L in Plate 7. The base of the letter is a small
s . To demonstrate the similarity of the lower part of the capital 5 to that of the small s, place on the top of it the

letter /.

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My Favorite Sentence Drills," by O. C. Dorney, Allentown, Pa

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ADVANCED COURSE.

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On this page the bookkeeper and accountant will find a combination of beautiful penmanship and concise dehnitions.

The definitions in this course have all been taken from the ''Science of Accounts," by H. C. Bentley. This is a book of

immense value not only to the practising auditor and accountant but to the one who is ambitious to make a success in
this field of professional endeavor. Each one of these definitions should be written 20 times.

57 Lpyry) 5 -£

The Future of Business Education.

(Extracts from an Address delivered by Morton MacCor-
mac, President of the National Commercial Teachers' Feder-
ation, at Kansas City, December ", 1911.)

F the future of business education is to be perma-
. nent and lasting, business school men all over
Ssjj fin tcs must bestir themselves to add

effectiveness and efficiency to their courses. It is
very clear that the natural trend in educational
circles is for vocational training, but vocational
training does not mean alone the ability produced
through our business or shorthand departments, but means as
well, the entire realm of industrial procedure, and 1 believe
that the coining school will be as largely industrial as it is com-
mercial. I d<> not agree with some of our leading educators
that we should take the newsboy from the street and give him
an industrial training, for, as 1 have suggested before, 1 believe
that that training, without the aid of the elementary branches,
will make him but a little better than the raw recruit from
the European shore, and hence, a prey to grasping interests.

Today the teacher is straining every point of intellect to
bring himself into preparation for higher and better place.
H<* recognizes the narrowness of our courses, and knows that
if he is to survive, he must get the broadening influence that
is in the air. School boards, and school superintendents in
our public schools, and those in charge of our parochial
schools, yes, even the business of the busy business men,
whether in their office, or in their leagues of municipal and
commercial uplift, are talking of the necessity for the strength-
ening of the courses along commercial and industrial lines. It
is only common sense, therefore, that you and I, here and now,
face the difficulties, yet, more to be admired, the possibilities
that are in front of us, only waiting for our development as
the years come and go.

Commercial schools were established by the private indi-
vidual and that private individual, with his personal touch,
his personal interest, his broad philanthropy, and his right-
eous, selfish motive, will dominate just as Ion" as he provides
the better service. Today our public schools are going
through an experimental stage, the stage through which our
business schools passed, so far as commercial education was
concerned, forty or more years ago. Unfortunately, I must
here record that there seems to be a tendency on the part of
many of our public school friends to destroy our experiences,
to count us not their friends, and thereby spoil, because of
lack of experience and knowledge, many of the best blood of
the land, while working out the problem of the courses in
their schools. If they were but to give to us the right hand
of fellowship, which I am sure would in turn be grasped, it
could not but redound to the benefit of all. We talk of co-
operation among forces of business. What we need 'more
than anything else just now is co-operation among the forces
of education. You must admit with me that the cour-es of
the public school are as yet chaotic. Shorthand falls this
morning as deftly from the lips of the instructor as will
chemistry this afternoon. Latin and algebra, Greek or book-
keeping, make absolutely no difference with the fortunate
young lady who has received her appointment. She is in a
school that professes to give foundation whereby the student
may gain the special knowledge which fits her for a profes-
sion, yet uses no specialists in conducting their classes.

Again, publishers who have at no time specialized in the
interest of the commercial student, yet are called upon by
the Board of Education, or the politician next door, to pro-
vide a text on accounting or a system in shorthand, find
that with little effort on their part it may be produced over
night. The result is that tedious years go by, while the pu-
pil's time is all but wasted, and at the close, while diplomas
are awarded, or degrees given, it is found that a negative an-
swer must come, when the' business man asks, ''What can you
do?" This is not always true. There are exceptions. There
are schools, and many of them, that have seen the light, and
have taken from the business school some of its best blood,
have prepared courses in accordance with the demand of bus-
iness procedure, and are today turning out young men and
women provided with the training demanded by the business
world. But I draw my general conclusion from evidence
which is handed me from good sources. North and South,
and East and West, and what does this evidence mean? Only
this — that we are either growing, or want to grow.

The business school is the foundation upon which the
monument of practical education will stand. The time may
come when our government will be able to provide just that
class of training for which the business schools now receive
tuition, and thereby the public school will move on. but while

thej are moving on, the busiriess school will continue to go
torward, and me business college oi yesterday will be the
school of administration, or ot commerce tomorrow, and
where we now olten turn out the clerk, and the mere amanuen-
sis, to-morrow, because ol the breauth and strength ot our
courses, we will turn out the manager, the executive, the
salesman, the one who will not take the place of the office
buy, but who will till the shoes ot that man who has grown
up trom the ottice to the manager's desk, and who has done
credit to himself, but developed along the narrow lines and
confines of his own office, and hence has developed within the
prejudiced walls of his own line of trade, rather than obtain-
ing at the evolutionary age the 'broad view that we will give
to our future young men or women.

Ihe day of the apprentice has gone by. The proprietor has
no time, nor the employer inclination to teach the young idea
how to shoot, and it remains there tore for the public and for
the private school to provide that training which will meet
the demand that conies every year for men and women to
enter the executive duties of the business ot this country. Fhe
future business school will demand as proprietor and teacher
the best that training can produce. -Men or women, who, by
experience, education and travel, are well rounded in the de-
partments of work that they are to handle, men who, endowed
with those qualities which go for man building, men who can
guide and direct affairs, more important than those which con-
trol with any corporation or business power, and fortunately
for us, these men will be watched, hr*t, by the proprietor, as
he notes his competitive school; second, by the general public
as they compare results, anil third, by the business man, who
has at last awakened to the realization that it is only the
well trained that can do in his office that which is necessary
to meet the demands of his client.

It may be that even yet some Carnegie or Rockefeller may
realize the fact that there is as much value in training boys
and girls to do the necessary thing to produce things as it is
to provide the world with theologians, lawyers, or physicians,
and we may yet expect to sec the medal of approbation worn
by the truly educated, the useful citizen, our graduate.

The state has a duty to perform. It may be that the plan
which I have formerly suggested, namely, state standardiza-
tion of schools, is not the panacea, yet, 1 am firm in my belief
that some plan of certification should be endorsed by this and
similar bodies, that so far as the private school is concerned,
parents may be informed as to their inside workings. It
should be possible that by right means they should know of
the proprietor, of the teacher, of the equipment, of the course
of study, and of the general surroundings of the school, and
it is positively wrong that the condition should prevail which
now does too often prevail, that the patronage of the school
depends entirely upon the glib tongue of the solicitor, or the
flaring type of advertisement. I stand, therefore, where I
have stood since the beginning of my administration, for
some plan under state supervision, whereby our standard will
be raised and our effectiveness increased.

The continuation school, now so popular in our large cities,
is but the echo of the twelve-month term of the business
school, and is but an evidence or proof that the methods of
our forefathers in business education were wiser and stronger
than we have given credit. We have reason, today, more than
ever before, to be proud of the old patriarchs of our profes-
sion, and be glad indeed that we belong to God's chosen
people, those who are giving the useful in education. Great
problems of intellect, and of business, of national procedure,
and of home conditions, are crowding in upon us. The solv-
ing depends upon the common sense of our citizenship and
\\ e, who claim to be giving common sense training, should be
the leaders in any such movement. It behooves us to be up
and doing, ready at all times to cope with modern ideas, and
exemplify before our youth and maiden those lessons of life
which we know will add to the sum total of the world's hap-
piness. As commercial teachers, as proprietors of commer-
cial schools, we will arise, we will strengthen ourselves in
proportion as we strengthen those about us. Today the
standard is higher than ever before. The class of teachers
employed in our schools is better, our schools are stronger,
and our future surer. You and I are either factors in this
uplift, or we are but grumping on-lookers, watching the pro-
cession go by. The time is coming, and that before long,
when business men. ah. even the college professor, will recog-
nize that true leaders in educational movement were the fore-
fathers of whom I have spoken.

All that I have said means, in brief, that our perpetuity de-
pends upon our aim. If the desire of our hearts and mind?
is to strengthen and broaden the courses, and if we employ

®tl? iBuButPHa 3mirnal

a saneness therein, of which we are capable, there is no
doubt as to the future. I believe in the addition of non-voca-
tional courses as well as vocational training. I believe that
courses in addition to those that we have been teaching, should
be added to our curriculum, and that our girl and boy be
broadened and made more useful thereby, but first, I want our
efforts so concentrated upon the strength of our present
courses that we may have the positive consciousness that what
we are now doing, we are doing well. If we are teaching
shorthand, let us, in the name of high heaven, teach it as it
has never been taught before. Teach it so that when our
student leaves, he goes out into the world a real and genuine
factor, and correspondent worthy of his hire, and when we
teach bookkeeping, in the name of common sense, let us teach
it. Teach it so that the result of the effort of our graduate
is so complete, so thorough, that it will not be necessary for
the auditing company to be called in.

NEW MODEL OF THE FOX TYPEWRITER.

"The best of the old, the good of the new," is the slogan
adopted by the Fox Tvoewriter Co. of Grand Rapids, Mich.,
in bringing out its new model No. 24 Fox Typewriter. En-
terprise certainly seems to be the keynote of this Company,
for we do not think there is another typewriter Company that
has brought out such a number of models.

The new model No. 24 Fox, of which we have the pleasure
to show an illustration, has a carriage, which takes paper 10V2
inches wide and writes a line of S.8 inches or 88 pica spaces
long. As is probably well known, the Fox has interchangeable
carriages, and anv one of four different lengths of carriages
can be used at will. These extra carriages can be purchased
with the typewriter or added to it at any time.

A release lever at both ends of the carriage on each front
corner is also a new feature of the Model 24. This makes it
possible to release the escapement and move the carriage with
either hand.

The new fineer levers are of hard steel, very light at the
forward end, thus giving the Fox an even lighter touch than
in previous models. The Fox always had an exceptionally
light touch.

The durability and permanence of alignment of a type-
writer depend very much upon the construction of the type
bar and hanger. It is at this point that nine-tenths of th«
wear occurs, so it should be strong. The type bar and pivot
on the new model has a Divot bearing made from a high
quahtv of drill rod, hardened. Special machinery has been
devised, using diamond dust for grinding these pivots, thus
making the cone on the pivot as perfect as is mechanically
possible. This not onlv makes the type bar move more easily,
but insures most perfect alignment and great durability. If
any wear should occur after years of service, it may be taken
up by turning the screw on the top of the hanger and the
alignment may be thus maintained. The hanger itself being
made of soft steel provides an anti-friction bearing.

Cone-shaped interchangeable ribbon spools are also new
features. These spools have a hinged cover for the reverse
opening, making the reverse positive and automatic. The ac-
tion of the ribbon is entirely automatic, and cither single or
two-color ribbons can be used. When the single-color ribbon

is used, the ribbon oscillates, by which means every portion af
the ribbon surface is used.

The Fox Typewriter has a very rapid escapement and an
exceptionally light touch. It is provided with tabulator and
back spacer, has an indicator wliich shows the exact location
of the next letter and by the touching of a key the ribbon is
prevented from coming to the printing point, and thus stencils
may be cut readily.

The finger buttons on the new machine are entirely new in
t^cewriter construction. The body is of light metal, riveted
to the finger lever. The cap is composed of two discs of cel-
luloid cemented together under hydraulic pressure and then
formed into a cap made cup-shape to fit on the finger. The
letter is printed white on a black background and being be-
tween two discs is "radically indestructible.

The keyboard has 44 keys, writing 88 characters. This en-
ables it to be subject to almost any kind of alteration to meet
the many requirements of the different lines of business.
These changes are made without additional expense. All the
Fox machines will in the future be made with this 88-charac-
tered keyboard, and the manufacture of the 78-character key-
board machines will be discontinued.

The selling n'rice of the No. 24 Fox with rubber cover will
be $100 instead of $105 as heretofore.

In order that our readers may see the wide range of possi-
bility open with an 88-character keyboard, we reproduce same
herewith.

COMMERCIAL LAW.

Frederick Juchhoff, LL.D., Illinois College of Law.
Chicago, 111.

Bailments.
PLEDGEE must redeliver the identical article
pledged where such article is distinctive in its
character, and a failure to do so renders him
liable for the full value of the property pledged,
without any deduction for a debt which may be
due him and as a security for which the pledge
vv'as given. A leading case clearly illustrates this doctrine.
"A" borrowed from "B" a certain sum of money and pledg-
ed as security therefor certain shares in a public service cor-
poration. "B," without the consent of the owner, exchanged
these shares for certificates of stock in a holding corpora-
tion organized for the purpose of bringing a number of cor-
porations engaged in the same general business under one
general management. The exchange was not required by
order of any court nor was it necessary for the protection
of either the pledgee or pledgor. Upon a suit by "A" against
"B" for the recovery of the identical shares of stock pledged,
it was decided that "B" must either redeliver the identical
shares pledged to respond in damages to the full amount
thereof, without being permitted to deduct the amount loaned
to "A." The debt due "B" for which the shares were given
as security, could, however, be recovered in a separate action
against "A." Ball vs. Stanley, 5 Tenn. Yerg., 199.

Where the article pledged is not distinctive in its char-
acter, a contrary rule prevails. A case in manv respects
similar to that of Ball vs. Stanley is often cited in support
of this rule.

"X" pledged with "Y" two stock certificates, each for ten
shares of the Y. X. Z. Mining Companv. For reasons not
explained at the trial. "Y" took the two certificates to the
secretary of the Y. X. Z. Mining Company and exchaneed
the same for one certificate for twentv shares of stock, of the
same nature as those called for upon the two certificates.
"X" demanded the return of the two original certificates. It
was held that an exchange of certificates not changing the
nature of the security held and not affecting the original char-
acter of the thing pledged, was not such a change as would
entitled "Y" to damages for a failure to return the original
certificates, without a deduction of the money borrowed
from "Y." 11 Putney Law Libr., 327.

A pledgor may assign his right in the article pledged, in
which case the pledgor's assignee takes the property subject
to the rights of the pledgee and may even become liable for
the payment of the debt secured.

i^huj r0ne who Purcnased from the general owner goods
pledged for advances, with knowledge or notice of the lien
of the pledgee, and who receives the goods from the latter
with notice of his claim of a lien thereon for a specific
amount, takes them with the obligation to pay the lien, and,
in an action therefor, can not offset a claim against the'
pledgor. Carrington vs. Ward, 71 N. Y., 300, Hale on Bail-
ments.

* ♦ * *

57 Lpjyy\ 5 ■£

\ % % \ % \ * *

PROGRAM OF THE EASTERN COMMERCIAL
TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.

Meeting to be held at Albany, N. Y., April 4, 5, 6, 1912.

Thursday Afternoon.

Two addresses of welcome — speakers to be selected
by the Local Committee.

Reply on behalf of the Association, by E. H. Fisher,
Somerville, Mass.

Address by the President.

"Business English" — Mr. Hotchkiss, New York Uni-
versity.

Address by Dr. E. S. Meade — University of Penn-
sylvania.

Thursday Evening.
Public Meeting — the principal speaker will be W. N.
Ferris, Mich., followed by a reception under the auspices
of the Local Committee.

Friday Morning.

Teacher's Training and the Pedagogy of Commer-
cial Work.

"Suggested Course in Commercial Training for Teach-
ers"— W. N. Ferris, Big Rapids, Mich.

"Opportunities Offered by Extension and Summer
Work for Additional Training" — Dr. Clapp, New York
University.

Class Method vs Individual Instruction in the Teach-
ing of Bookkeeping in Business Schools — G. A. Deel,
Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

"Methods of Teaching Typewriting" — Miss Madaline
Kinnan. Albany Business College, Albany, N. Y.

"Office Practice for Stenographers" — (speaker open)

Discussion — forty-five minutes.

Friday Afternoon.

"Night School Conference."

"How to obtain and Hold Night School Pupils" —
Milton F. Stauffer, Head, Business Department Temple
University, Philadelphia.

"Wherein would Teaching in the Night School Differ
from that of the Day School?"— Edward Rynearson,
Pittsburg, Pa.

Discussion — forty-five minutes.

Penmanship.

"Shorthand Penmanship" — Lafayette P. Temple, Of-
ficial Court Reporter, Baltimore, Md.

Discussion — ten minutes.

"Longhand Penmanship" — C. G. Price, Packard Com-
mercial School, New York City.

Discussion — ten minutes.

Friday Evening.

Banquet — three speakers.

The banquet is to be in charge of the Local Com-
mittee, and is to be held at the New Ten Eyck, at $2.00
per cover.

Saturday Morning.

"Rapid Calculation" — J. C. Kane, Drake School, New
York City.

"Training of Office Help, from the Employers' Point
of View" — Mr. Storey, Assistant Secretary, General Elec-
tric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.

"Actual Business Methods in Teaching Commercial
Work" — H. L. Jacobs, Rhode Island Commercial College,
Providence, R. I.

"Bookkeeping" — Mrs. Hilton, William Penn High
School, Philadelphia, Pa.

"Raw Materials of Commerce" — W. P. Raine, Central
High School, Philadelphia, Pa.

Business Meeting.

The Hotels.

The Ten Eyck, corner State and Chapel Streets
Rooms $2.00 and upward per day. If two occupy the
same room $1.00 per day additional.

The Hampton, 38 State Street. All the rooms have
baths. Rooms $2.00 and upward per day. If two occupy
same room $1.00 per day additional.

The Kenmore, corner North Pearl and Columbia
Streets. Rooms $1.50 and upward per day.

Hotel Stanwix, corner Broadway and Maiden Lane.
Rooms $1.50 and upward per day.

The Ten Eyck Annex, Keeler's Hotel (men only).
The Gainesborough and The Wellington. Rooms $1.00
and upward per day.

All the hotels are conducted on the European plan.

Persons expecting to attend the convention are
strongly urged to make reservations well in advance.

Headquarters.

The Ten Eyck, which has been selected as the head-
quarters of the Association, is one of the leading hotels
in New York State. It has all the conveniences of a
new and modern hotel, and is well adapted for con-
vention purposes.

The hotel is located within five minutes walk from
Union Station. The Ten Eyck motor car meets all trains.
The interurban cars of the Schenectady Railway Co. pass
the hotel.

MEETING OF THE CONNECTICUT BUSINESS
EDUCATORS' ASSOCIATION.

8^B^S|| 1 1 F. 9th annual convention of the Connecticut
SrSI F^l Business Educators' Association was held in the
rooms of Yale Business College, Saturday, Feb-
ruary 10th, and proved to be the most largely
attended meeting in the history of the Associa-
tion. An excellent program had been prepared and every
subject designated thereon was ably handled.

The meeting was opened with invocation by Rev. Elmer
E. Dent, pastor of the First Methodist Church of New
Haven. Mayor Frank J. Rice welcomed the Association
to New Haven and spoke of the good work being done
by business schools. Mayor Rice is a former student of
Yale Business College. Nathan B. Stone, President of Yale
Business College, responded to the address of welcome and
gave some interesting facts in regard to salaries earned
by business school students on completing their courses
as compared with salaries earned by graduates of higher
educational institutions which do not furnish a business
course. President Nixon gave an address in which he
outlined the aims of every good commercial school.

The program was carried out as follows :

"How I teach Typewriting in a High School," Miss Agnes
Collins, Bridgeport High School.

"The Value of English in Commercial Training," A.
Tracy Doughty, Merrill School, Stamford.

"Salesmanship and Advertising," C. W. Hoyt. Advertising
Expert, Armour & Co., New Haven.

"How I Obtain Speed in Shorthand," W. N. Bayliss, Official
Reporter E. C. T. A.. Gutchess College. Bridgeport.

"Penmanship," Harry Houston, Supervisor of Writing,
New Haven.

Remarks by Col. Isaac M. Ullman, President Strouse,
Alder Co. and President Chamber of Commerce, New Haven.

Sljp IBusmrsa 3mmtal

The members and their friends were entertained at luncheon
in the Hotel Taft by the Underwood Typewriter Co. Cal-
vin O. Ahhouse, President of the E. C. T. A., made a few
remarks to the guests after lunch and spoke in the interests
of that association, extending a cordial invitation to Con-
necticut teachers to attend the meeting in Albany, April
4th, 5th, and 6th. A vote of thanks was tendered the Un-
derwood Co. for their hospitality.

The afternoon was devoted largely to shorthand and type-
writing contests, and demonstrations under the supervision
of J. N. Kimball. The Connecticut Championship Type-
writing Speed Contest for the Post Cup was won by Miss
Louise Taylor, of Meriden, at 56 net words per minute.
The Stone Medal for the Connecticut School Championship
Typewriting was won by Miss Gileen, of Waterbury Busi-
ness College, at 44 words per minute. The Shorthand Speed
Contest for the Monroe Medal was won by Miss McCarthy
of Meriden at 78 words per minute. These events were
closely contested and aroused considerable interest.

C. V. Oden gave a very interesting illustrated lecture on
the typewriter development showing various improvements
made on all the leading machines. Miss Margaret B. Owen
gave a demonstration of speed and accuracy in typewriting
and did some very clever work.

The officers elected for the coming year are, President,
W. E. Canfield, Norwich; Vice-President, W. I. Monroe,
Waterbury ; Sec'y., Miss Nellie Hotchkiss, New Haven ;
Treasurer, Stephen D. Gutchess, Bridgeport. Member of
executive board, the retiring president, J. F. Nixon, Middle-
town.

The Association has now 95 members. The next annual
meeting will be held in Waterbury.

Contests, Drills, etc., by the Leading Penmen (Gold Medal
and Prizes awarded).

Directed by Fred Berkman, Lincoln, Nebr.

PROGRAM NATIONAL PENMANSHIP TEACHERS'
ASSOCIATION.

Spokane, July 16, 1912. 9:00 A. M.

President's How-do-you-do.

Report of Secretary.

Report of Committee, New Business, etc.

"Why the Business School Laughs (Treating it from the
Public Man's Viewpoint)," J. O. Peterson, Tacoma, Wash.

"How to Secure the Best Effort of the Penmanship Class
in the High School," V. E. Madray, Butte, Mont.

"Successful Teaching of Penmanship in the Business
School," M. A. Adams. Marietta, Ohio.

July 17, 1912. 9:00 A. M.

Talk. Morton MacCormac, Pres. of the Federation, Chi-
cago.

"Forgery," H. C. Blair, Spokane, Wash.

"Drills and Exercises Which Will Produce the Desired
Results in the Shortest Time," C. A. Faust, Chicago, 111.

"The Scribes and Pharisees," Some reflections by a
Philistine who desires to remain incog, until the catastrophe.

July 18, 1912. 9:00 A. M.

"Penmanship in the Grades," A. N. Palmer, Xew York
City.

"Business Figures," E. G. Miller, Omaha, Nebr.

"Slam-bang Style of Business Writing," J. P. Wilson,
Seattle, Wash.

"Ornamental Writing," H. L. Darner, Spokane, Wash.

Election of Officers.

July 19, 1912. 9:00 A. M.
Penmanship Sermonettes (to be given in five minutes).
Lois M. Stewart, Omaha, Xebr.
Alice E. Benbow, Schenectady, N. Y.
J. A. Stryker, Kearney, Xebr.

MEETING OF N. E. ASSOCIATION OF PENMAN-
SHIP SUPERVISORS.

By A. R. Merrill, Saco, Me., Secretary.

X the year 1905 the following Xew England
writing teachers, viz. : J. S. Montgomery, J.
L. Howard, W. A Whitehouse, D. W. Hoff,
E. B. Hill, C. E. Doner, A. R. Merrill, Harry
Houston, F. W. Martin, W. K. Cook, F. A.
Curtis, J. F. Caskey, J. C. Moody, G. W. Dick-
son, R. A. Stevens and W. A. Clark, assembled at the Ameri-
can House, Boston, on the evening of December 26, 1905,
for the purpose of organizing an association of teachers en-
gaged in teaching penmanship in the public schools of Xew
England.

From this small beginning of sixteen members the XTew
England Association of Penmanship Supervisors, as it was
decided to call it. has gradually increased, until now it has
become an organization of over fifty members.

The eighth annual meeting of the XTew England Associa-
tion of Penmanship Supervisors was held at Burdett Col-
lege, on January 13th, with the largest attendance since its
organization.

The program was carried out with one or two exceptions as
advertised. At 10:30 o'clock, the meeting was called to order
by Miss M. B. Toole, of Worcester. Vice President of the
Association, in the absence of Pres. A. B. Wraught who was
detained.

Miss Toole then introduced C. A. Burdett, of Burdett Col-
lege, for the Address of Welcome. In welcoming the Asso-
ciation to the rooms of Burdett College he laid much stress
on the importance of the teaching of legible business pen-
manship. After a short response by the Vice-President the
first number on the program, A Round Table, was opened.

The subjects were Left Handed Writing and Large Writ-
ing in Primary Grades.

Miss Toole spoke for five minutes on the subject of Left
Handed Writing.

She said it would be difficult to lay down a general rule on
this much discussed subject. Her paper showed much study
and thought and was given from a psychological standpoint.

E. C. Fisher, of Somerville, then took up the subject for
the next five minutes and spoke more from the viewpoint of
a practical business college instructor. He said in part, that
he would advise changing from left to right hand, as the
position for left handed writing is wrong, and he would also
want the consent of the parents in doing so. He also said
that pupils writing left handed are more or less handicapped
in business offices on account of light, arrangement of desks,
etc., and that he would not hire a left bander if he could
secure a right handed person, and that he thought that some
pupils could not be changed. This important question was
discussed by .Messrs. Rowe, Doner, Hinman, Huntsinger,
Blaisdell, and others.

Mr. Huntsinger took strong exceptions to the point in Mr.
Fisher's paper where he said he would not hire a left handed
person if he could secure a right handed one. The general
feeling among the members seemed to be to change pupils
to right hand, if possible, parents being willing.

Harry Houston, of Xew Haven, was the first speaker on the
Large Writing question. He favored the idea and gave
his reasons for doing so. Mr. Rowe, of Portland, op-
posed the method in a strong manner, and advocated small
writing from the beginning. Discussed by Mr. Shaylor. Mr.
Doner, and others. Mr. Shaylor said that in his experience
he had not been able to find that blackboard work in early
years had helped the work on paper to any great extent. The
members of the Association seemed to be about evenly di-
vided on this question.

L. Faretra, penman of Burdett College, at the conclusion
of the Round Table, stepped to the board and gave a mas-
terful demonstration of plain and ornamental blackboard
writing. He wrote upside down, backward, backhand, and
with one hand as easily as with the other. He also gave a
few illustrations of ornamental signatures. He then stepped
aside and asked that "Prince of Blackboard Penmen," A. H.
Hinman, to entertain the members of the Association for a
few minutes. Mr Hinman gave a few illustrations of or-
namental work in his skillful manner, so well known to every
member of the profession from Maine to California.

57 Lpym 5 ■£

S1]C jEusmraa Journal

At 12 :30 lunch was served by Messrs. C. A. & F. H. Bur-
den. About 60 were seated at the tables, and it is not
rieci ssary to state that everyone did justice to the excellent
repast. All were unanimous in their expressions of thanks
to the hosts of the occasion.

At 1:15 o'clock the business meeting was held. R. E.
Rowe supervisor of writing, in the Portland, Maine, Public
Schools, was elected President, Miss E. E. Colby, of the
Beverly, .Mass., Public Schools, Vice-President, and A. R.
Merrill, of the Saco, Maine, Public Schools, was re-elected
Secretary and Treasurer. Later in the afternoon Mr. Rowe
named as the Executive Committee W. K. Cook, of the Hart-
ford, Conn., Public Schools, and Miss Annie Bemis, of the
Brockton Public Schools, to serve in connection with the new
officers. _ ,

A. R. Merrill then read the Secretary and Treasurers re-
port. He moved that a vote of thanks be extended to Mr.
Rowe for the many favors he had shown the Association on
its advertising, etc., which was seconded.

Mr. Huntsmger moved that a rising vote of thanks be ex-
tended to the Burdens for the use of their rooms and for
the banquet. This was carried out by the Association.

At this point, President Wraught introduced David Sned-
den. Ph. D„ of the Massachusetts Board of Education, who
spoke on "Some Correlation Problems in the Teaching of
Penmanship." He said that the results obtained in penman-
ship were so definite, visible and tangible, that like spelling,
it stood out and loomed up more than most studies. We
should approximate certain standards in penmanship as
speed, legibility, etc., in the different grades. Go at teaching
it in a direct way with proper exercises. He spoke of the
time given to the branch of study in the schools, and said it
was a question. He thought one hour and a quarter per week
about right in each grade. He said we could not give as
much time as we would like on account of other studies. His
idea was that specialists look for too high a standard of
form. He thought that certain errors; bad habits, final
letters, etc.. that have become fixed, might be corrected by
special exercises and took for an illustration the common
error of shaping the m and n. He believed in carrying
correlation exercises through all the grades. In higher
grades, correlate writing with other studies by practising
exercises relating to the weaknesses of the pupils found in the
every day work. In lower grades put more time on the
study of writing in a general way. Dr. Snedden's address
was one of the finest ever given at a writing teachers' meet-
ing, and it is to be regretted that we are not able to give it
to the public in full. He spoke very rapidly and without
manuscript. He is very much interested in public school pen-
manship and does not believe that it is a study that should
remain in the background. He favors the teaching of writ-
ing in our normal schools by specialists.

Following Dr. Snedden's address, an excellent paper on
"High School Penmanship" was given by R. G. Laird, of the
Boston High School of Commerce.

Mr. Laird said that those studying penmanship in high
schools should be divided into two groups, — those who
take it for the penmanship alone so to speak, being care-
ful as to general appearance, and those who study it in a
general way having it readable, etc. for every day commercial
work. We should teach conciseness, legibility, and smallness,
on account of index cuds and narrow rulings. Front position

is best for all general work in teaching 1 kkeeping. In office

work position should be changed to suit environments, as
writing in large books, etc. Give the student an idea of hold-
ing part of arm on the desk as it is so common in office work.
Mr. Laird advised the teaching of plain, simple capitals
to save room in the columns, and illustrated his methods
on the blackboard. I lis paper was greatly enjoyed by
all and was a great help to the many high school and com-
mercial teachers in attendance.

The question box, so ably conducted by Harry
Houston each year, proved to be very interesting and help-
ful to all, and many questions wen- discussed by Dr. Sned-
den who remained until the end of the meeting. On
motion of W; A. Whitehouse, oi Somerville, a rising vote
of thanks was extended to Dr. Snedden for his excellent
address.

The paper by H. G. Hcaley on the "PedagOgJ of Writ-
ing" wa- not given as Mr. Healey could not be present.

The uniting of the X. E. Association with the New
York -.talc writing teachers was discussed at some length
and the matter was finally left to the executive committee
for consideration. A committee consisting of Miss M. B.

to study further into the question of left handed writing
and report at the 1913 meeting.

The meeting, which was considered by all a great
success, adjourned about 5 o'clock.

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

Draughon's Business College, Muskogee, Okla., has se-
cured W. J. Stone, Ada, Okla., as a new commercial teacher.

Otis T. Spencer, of the Spencerian Business College, Mil-
waukee, Wis., is now the head of the commercial depart-
ment in the Eau Claire, Wis., High School, succeeding C.
M. Yoder, who has taken another position.

Mi-- Alice Millea, of Danvers, Mass., has secured a posi-
tion as commercial teacher in the Huntington, Mass., High
School.

G. C. Hutchison, of the Omaha, Nebr., Commercial College,
has been added to the teaching staff of the Mankato, Minn.,
Commercial College.

J. G. Wootton, last year of Knoxville, Tenn., has accepted
a postion in the Milburn, N. J., High School as head of the
commercial department.

Miss Jennie L. Skinner, of Springport, Ind., follows Miss
D. Richardson in the Rhode Island Commercial School,
Providence, Miss Richardson having taken seriously ill.

The Xevv South College, Beaumont, Tex., has engaged G.
W. Adams, of Elizabeth City, X. C.

W. R. Stolte, one of the most expert graduates of the pen-
manship department of the Cedar Rapids, la., Business Col-
lege in recent years, is now in charge of that department,
taking the place of F. B. Courtney who is ill. Mrs. Clara
McDaniel is the new teacher in the typewriting department
of the same school.

A. M. Thompson, St. Johnsville, N. Y., is now handling the
commercial work in the Waverly, N. Y. High School.

The shorthand and typewriting work in the McMinnville,
Ore., College is being handled by Miss Ellen M. Hassenger.

Geo. H. Walks, of the Elyria, Ohio, Business College, has
accepted a government position in Washington.

Roy R. Reed, of Habberton, Ark., is a new assistant teacher
in the Springfield, 111., Business College.

R. W. Manly, of Manhattan, Kans., has taken a position
with the Oklahoma Agricultural College, Stillwater, Okla.

Miss Minnie Everett, Helix, Oregon a former student of
the Bowling Green, Ky., Business University, is a new short-
hand teacher in the Wilson Modern Business College, Seat-
tle. Wash.

H. A. Sikes, Bloomsburg, Pa., is with the Helena, Mon-
tana, High School.

Miss Clara Duisdeiker has recently been employed by Mor-
ton MacCormac, Chicago, 111.

S. Reed McAlpin, of New Jersey is now employed by the
Wilson Modern Business College, Seattle, Wash.

Chas. E. Render, Louisville, Ky., has accepted a position
with the Georgia-Alabama Business College, Macon, Ga.

Mi-s Mattie Haire, New Albany, Ind., has accepted a posi-
tion with the Southern Christian College, West Point, Miss.

The 21st annual meeting of the Connecticut Association of
Classical and High School Teachers was held in Hartford on
February 24th. The program covered a large range of sub-
jects, and the meeting was undoubtedly productive of much
benefit to those in attendance.

Money you earn in the daytime goes into your pocket;
money you spend at night goes into your character.

Study trade reports. A trade paper often prevents a
man from making a fool of himself in his own line of busi-
ness.

A hard customer is a good one once he has been secured.
An easy customer is anybody's customer and generally a poor

QJfye iBuHhtPHfl Journal

OBITUARY.

Winter X. Crider.

Announcement was made in the February issue of The
Journal of the death of Mr. Crider, but the sketch of his
career arrived too late to include in that number.

Mr. Crider was born at Boiling Springs, Pa., on Oct. 13,
1862. Early in life he showed a great desire for study and
an unusual aptness for retaining the knowledge he acquired
and in imparting it to others. He was a graduate of York
(Pa.) Collegiate Institute and Taylor (111.) University, and
acquired the degree of Ph. D. at the Illinois Wesleyaii Uni-
versity. He also attained several other degrees in various
universities and colleges that he attended. He was the
holder of a New York State Teachers' Life Certificate. He
made school work his life profession and had been superin-
tendent, principal and teacher in various institutions of learn-
ing, spending a number of years in the west. He was at
different times president of the Carroll (la.) Normal Col-
lege; principal of No. 2 Grammar school at Elmira, N. Y.;
superintendent of schools at Sheldon, la.; principal 'at Port
Byron, Verona and Oriskany.

He was well and favorably known throughout central
Xew York and had a great number of friends. Mr. Crider
was a very genial and companionable man and his many
friends will sincerely regret his death.

E. S. Colton.

On January 24th, E. S. Colton, Jr., one of the best
known commercial teachers of New England, died at
the Eliot Hospital, Boston, Mass., after an illness of
one week.

To many who knew Mr. Colton, personally, and were
acquainted with the excellent work which he was doing
in the commercial field of teaching, the news of his
sudden death came as a great shock. He was born in
Boston, May 5, 1870. At the age of seven he moved
to Newtonville, Mass., where he attended both the public
and private schools of the town. After graduating from
the elementary schools, he entered upon a commercial
course at the Bryant and Stratton Commercial College,
of Boston, graduating in the class of 1889.

Soon after leaving school he was taken into the
employ of Joseph Breck & Sons, Faneuil Hall, Boston.
Later he filled responsible positions with the Dewey
Gould Wool Merchants and with W. A. Wood Company,
Oil Dealers, both well known houses of Boston.

In 1894 he began his teaching career in the public
schools of West Cummington, Mass. He afterwards
taught in the Baptist Seminary of Waterbury, Vermont.
In 1896 he was appointed Head of the Commercial De-
partment in the Oliver Ames High School, North Easton,
Mass., and while there, supervised the teaching of pen-
manship in the grammar grades.

In 1900 he was called by the City of Lowell to or-
ganize a commercial department in the local high school.
It was about this time that commercial education was
receiving the attention of educators throughout the coun-
try. Lowell's needs along the lines of commercial work
n peculiar, and the interests of the city called for a
man that would introduce and carry on commercial teach-
ing in its'broadest' sense. The department of commerce
as organized by Mr. Colton was of a most practical and
up-to-date nature, and the equipment served as a model
for commercial departments later introduced in many of
tlie large high schools throughout the state. Mr. Colton
remained in Lowell seven years.

In 1908 the School Committee of Brookline voted
to introduce the commercial branches in the High School

of that town. In accordance with the policy of the
Board a careful search was made for a man who had
the ability and technical skill to organize a first-class
department and make a success of the new work. Mr.
Colton was universally conceded to be one of the most
able and efficient men in the field and was chosen for the
position. The results which he attained in Brookline
added greatly to the already high reputation which he
had won for himself in Lowell.

Mr. Colton was prominent in commercial circles
throughout the country, serving as President of the New
England Commercial Teachers' Association in 1907. He
always took an active part in the conventions of the
various teachers' associations, and devoted his splendid
talents to the advancement of commercial work in the
public schools. His ideas were of a most practical
nature, and it is doubtful if anyone can be found who
will be able to carry on the work in the manner in which
Mr. Colton wished it to be handled.

His wife was Miss E. Leslie Barnes of Lowell, to
whom he was married in 1908. To them were born two
children who will now sadly miss the loving care of a
devoted father.

E. S. Colton.

The funeral services were held in the Newton High-
lands Congregational Church and were attended by dele-
gations from the various teaching bodies of which he
was a member, representatives of the Brookline High
School Faculty, pupils from his classes in the Brookline
schools and by many who had taken courses under his
direction.

One of the saddest contemplations of life is that
men of the character and ability of Mr. Colton should
be removed from the scene of their labor just at a time
when all that is best in life looks brightest. But One
who docth all things well will supply that comfort which
the world can neither give nor take away.

In Mr. Colton's death the profession has lost one of
its ablest leaders; the community, a useful and respected
citizen; his friends, a loyal companion; and his family,
an affectionate husband and father.

Ifry) 5 -f-

®t|e Uuamcss Journal

VII

Samuel Digler Fah.vestock.

Members of the profession were deeply grieved to learn
of the sudden death by heart disease of Mr. Fahnestock,
who was for many years head of the commercial depart-
ment of McPherson College, McPherson, Kans.

Mr. Fahnestock was born in 1854 at Covington, Ohio.
His early education was attained in the public schools, he
holding diplomas from the Ohio State University and the
University of Kansas. He also received a commercial train-
ing in the Zanerian Business College, Columbus, Ohio. In
1889 Mr. Fahnestock took charge of the commercial depart-
ment at McPherson College. This was at a time when the
school was undergoing a severe test through a lack of fi-
nancial assistance, but it only served to bring out in him
those qualities which inspired the confidence of those whose
aid he desired, and gained for him the esteem and good
will of his students. He believed in right living, and to
that end served as an example for his students. His in-
dustrious manner, kindly disposition and the optimistic view
he took of life served their purpose, and McPherson College
has suffered an irreparable loss.

Mr. Fahnestock's health began failing several months ago,
and thinking that a change of climate would prove beneficial,
he removed to California, purchasing an orange grove near
Lordsburg. Here he expected to spend many happy years,
but death overtook him on January 9th. The thought ex-
pressed in the following lines, which he took pleasure in
sending to his many friends, gives one a glimpse of this
good man's big-heartedness :

"Little deeds of kindness, done in a quiet way,
Reach both deep and wide, and always bring their pay."

T. R. Browne.
On January 10th at his residence in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
occurred the death of T. R. Browne, the proprietor of
Browne's Business College. Mr. Browne was in his eighty-
seventh year, and had been in charge of his school for
upwards of sixty years. He was a very active man in
spite of his age. His school is one of the largest and
best known in the East.

John E. Gaffey.

Mr. Gaffey, who was proprietor of the Gaffey School, Xew
York City, died of heart failure at his home in New Haven,
Conn., February 14, in his 4!>th year.

He bad been engaged in school work for many years, con-
ducting a school in New Haven prior to coming to Xew Y"rk.
His New York school has been in existence for about ten
years. Besides his school interests he was actively engaged
in politics.

A Tribute to the Memory of the late Timothy

P. McMenamin.

By Charlton V. Howe.

Death has removed from the ranks of business edu-
cators one of its shining lights. He died a martyr to work
and study at the age of forty-live. It is a matter of deep
regret to all who knew him that he was not permitted to
round out his career of three score years and ten of use-
fulness. For twrenty years he was connected with various
institutions of learning in Philadelphia, teaching day and
night and giving private instruction to pupils in addition
to his night school work.

He was Principal of the Department of Business and
Accounts in the Roman Catholic High School, filling this
position with highest honor not only to himself but to
the school as well. This post of duty he was compelled
to relinquish on account of failing health. He was con-
nected with Peirce School as Assistant Instructor in Pen-
manship under A. P. Root. Mr. McMenamin always spoke

of Mr. Root in the highest terms of appreciation of his
wonderful skill as a penman and ability as a teacher of
penmanship. He absorbed many of Mr. Root's character-
istics as a penman, and his knowledge of form and the
technique of penmanship was of a high order and was
rarely equalled and never surpassed.

He was instructor in penmanship and accounting in
the Philadelphia Evening High School for Men; Principal
of the Commercial Department of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association of Germantown for many years; formerly
Educational Director of Banks Business College. He was
formerly a Special Instructor in Penmanship in Temple
College, Germantown Academy, Walnut Lane School, Cen-
tral Branch Young Men's Christian Association Evening
School, Pennsylvania Railroad Institute Head School and
his last teaching was done in connection with W'anamaker
Institute.

Some years ago he was associated with Blum Bros.,
one of the leading department stores of Philadelphia as
head of the Adjusting Department. He was an expert
examiner of questioned handwriting and conducted a num-
ber of cases most ably and successfully. He was eminent-
ly fitted for this work on account of his thorough knowl-
edge of penmanship and ranked with the best experts
in this country. He was a noted athlete and took much
interest in boxing and other sports.

Those who were intimately associated with him knew
him as a man worthy of the highest esteem and con-
fidence and he reciprocated these feelings with unselfish
loyalty and devotion. Mr. McMenamin was unmarried
and leaves two sisters to mourn the loss of a devoted
brother. He is gone but not forgotten. His life was full
of purpose and his passing away was like the withering
flower. To him could the great bard's words be fittingly
applied: . .

"His life was gentle and the elements so mixed in
him that nature might stand up and say to all the world:
This was a man."

A BUSINESS REVIVAL.
By W. P. Steinhaeuser.

That the revival in business today is of a character that
will be lasting and substantial none can doubt, who have
studied the situation with any degree of care. America
today is able to compete with any other nation on the globe
This means that our foreign trade will grow more expansive
from year to year, as it becomes systematized, and representa-
tives are sent into different countries to study the conditions
existing in the different trade centres of the foreign nations.
We could have had a large portion of foreign trade for
years past, if our manufacturers had taken the thing in
hand, and as England and Germany have done for years ;
that is, have their representatives who can talk the language
of the country in which they wish to trade; in other words,
that at a not very distant day, any manufacturer of any
size in the United States who wants to do an export trade
will be compelled to have salesmen scattered all through
foreign countries. If this trade is worth having it is worth
going after.

These are reasons why we believe the present revival in
business is to be lasting, as it opens up to this country an
immense market for our surplus products. This market we
must of necessity have if we expect a prosperous condition
in our life that is to be lasting.

Revivals in business that have been purely the result of
conditions at home, have been such as not to last for any
great length of time. When a nation like America becomes
a \i rv much greater producer than she is a consumer, then
the foreign markets become an absolute necessity. We are
believers in expansion. The masses of our working people
will be benefitted by continual employment and increased
wages. Of course, there are difficulties to overcome, but
without difficulties there are few things worthy of attainment
that are secured in any other manner. The successful solving
of difficulties and overcoming obstacles are what make a na-
tion, as well as men, strong and invincible.

VIII

ah? i8u5utrs0 Journal

CATALOGS.

■ The 1911-12 catalog of the Sparta Commercial High School,
sparta, 111., is tastily printed with an attractive cover It
gives a picture ol the school building with the graduates and

acuity in caps and gowns, also photographs of the principal,
W. i. Potter, the superintendent, S. E. Reecher, and Miss
Geneva Gadner, the assistant. Throughout the pamphlet are
pictures of the various authors, whose text books are used in
the school, with quotations from their writings.
From Judson P. Wilson, of the Wilson Business School,

fv ,rf ' C0£les a neat calendar for 1912 with a picture
-I Mr Wilson. The only comment we have to make on this
is that it does not give the name of the school, or even the
city from which it emanates. The picture of -Mr. Wilson is a
faithful one and the design, which surrounds it, is artistic.

A new institution and a different institution in certain meth-
ods and purposes are the leading characteristics of the Lincoln
School of Sumner Avenue and Broadway, Brooklyn N V
whose catalog has been sent us by the principal, John Lyons"
the school has adopted the name and picture of Lincoln be-
cause his efficiency and success is its inspiration. The catalog
is well printed and reflects credit on its author.

The prospectus of the Rochester Business Institute of
Rochester \. Y., gives views of the exterior and interior of
this well known school. From it we gather that the school
is now entering upon its 48th year of continuous instruction.
ihe catalog is well printed and gives every possible informa-
tion that a prospective student would require before entering
Ins name among the aspirants for a practical business course!
Frorn Topeka, Kans., comes a daintv catalog from Dough-
erty s Business School. It contains views of the school and
pictures of some of the school's many graduates arranged in
groups— with insurance companies, banks, publications news-
paper offices, state offices and many other lines of business
Ihe book is excellently printed and illustrated and shows
forth the claims of the school in a striking and forcible man-
ner The president, G E. Dougherty, is to be congratulated
on the success of this institution.

The year book of the Connecticut Business School, of Mid-
dfetown. Conn, gives views of the interior of this institution
and pictures of the principal, J. F. Nixon, and of Mrs D J T
Smith, head of the shorthand department. The catalog is
well printed and gives full information as to the work of this
school.

A student-told story is the year book of Wilson's Modern
Business School of Seattle. Wash. It consists of 48 pa-es
and covers and is cram-full of testimony bv many graduates
on the various studies taught. Illustrations abound through-
out the pamphlet, and altogether it is one of the most attrac-
tive catalogs that we have seen. As an advertisement for the
school and a means of drawing pupils to the institution, it
would be hard to beat.

No. 9 of Vol I. VII of the Journal of the Brazil (Indiana)
Business School is before us. A picture of C. B Munson the
principal, graces the cover, and the pages are tilled with in-
formation about the institution, and pictures of some of the
graduates, with advice to prospective pupils. This school is
certainly a flourishing one.

The Williamsport (Pa.) Commercial School sends us a
arge sheet which is apparently a reprint from that well-
known publication Grit." It gives views of the school with
pictures of a number of its graduates. We congratulate F F
Healey on the success which is attending his endeavors.

From Tonkawa, Okla., comes No. 1 of Vol. 1 School Jour-
nal of the Oklahoma State University Preparatory School It
is a pretentious publication of 32 pages and contains fine
views of the splendid buildings and grounds of this univer-
sity, with pictures of the pupils at the track and field meet
and at football. Lull information is given about the com-
mercial courses and testimony from many of the leading offi-
cials of the State.

The Christmas number of the magazine "Progress," pub-
lished by the Parsons fKans I Business School, reproduces
some splendid views of the interior of this institution, and
'■'■"< ■■> mfi rmation of value to prospective students
Itns school is now entering upon its 21st year and has re-
i entlj entered new quarters.

The Detroit (Mich.) Commercial School sends us a very
fine catalog with coyer in green and gold. It is excellently
printed ami beautifully illustrated, with pictures of the school
and the many graduating classes. The attractiveness of this

handsome catalog should go a long way in tempting prospec-
tive pupils to enroll with this enterprising institution.

Business College Journals have reached us as follows:
Link s Modern Business College Journal, Boise, Idaho ; Spen-
cerian, Spencenan Business College, Louisville, Kv ; The Re-
view, Lawrence. Kans., Business College; King's Business
College Journal Raleigh. N. C; The Journal. Philadelphia.
Pa Business College: College Journal, Gem City Business
College. Quincy, 111.: Concerning a Business Education, Utica
-V x., School of Commerce.

Other booklets and advertising matter have reached us from
h. M. Chartier, Modern Publishing Co., Hammond. Ind ;
Creat Falls Mont., Commercial College: Santa Ana. Calif,
Commercial High School ; Jones' North Chicago Business Col-
lege: Campbell Commercial School. Cincinnati, Ohio; Under-
wood Employment Department, Xew York City : J A Strvker
Penman, Nebraska State Normal, Kearney, Nebr ; C R 'Hill'
Newark, N. J.; W. W. Bennett, Milwaukee, Wis.; A S*
Osnorn. Author of "Questioned Documents." Xew York
C ity.

INFORMATION IN LETTERHEADS.

The following announcement by the Canadian Departmenl
ot trade and Commerce, at Ottawa, contains some pertinent
suggestions that aie adaptable to business affairs in the
L mted States, especially with relation to foreign corres-
pondence :

Much more attention than is ordinarily given could be paid
by Canadian merchants to business correspondence Aside
from neatness and explicitness, which are points ever to be
kept in view, is that of care concerning minor details The
importance of this matter is frequently overlooked.

In its correspondence the department is constantly meeting
with details in which Canadian manufacturers and business
men might make improvement. For instance, there is the
question of letterheads, not as a rule given much considera-
tion. The majority of firms have the words, for example
■Ottawa, Ont.," or such designation of the city or town in
which they are located. It might be pointed out that this is
not sufficient. Large firms in Great Britain or the United
States having connection with Canada might know that "Ont"
stood for Ontario, "Que." for Quebec, or even "Alta." for
Alberta. Letters so addressed present no difficulty to the
postal authorities. But it must be remembered, particularly
l>> those firms contemplating foreign extension, that these
abbreviations convey little meaning abroad. Not only is it
better to have the name of the Province printed in full, but
r ° "'-}' ,forTthe advertising value, the word "Canada" might
be added. The foreign correspondent would probably prefer
to know that he was in communication with some' one in
Canada, even if the name of the Province brought him no
additional information. After all, the full name of the town
Province, and country printed on a letterhead obviates all'
difficulty as to directing replies.

\ smaller number of correspondents go so far as to leave
out the name of the Province altogether from their letter-
heads, which gives rise to much confusion even in Canada.
A glance at the postal guide will show that almost every
i1"-' ,,h,l'r '■ duplicated, some of them main times indeed ot
there are many nanus so similar and yet so widely scattered
that some idea may be gained of the difficulty and loss of
time that will ensue over any irregularity of address Fre-
quently letters are received at the department from smaller
places in which there is no indication of the Province and
the postal guide will indicate that it may be any one of half
a dozen.

The advertising value of the letterhead is widely recog-
nized. \ aried and attractive designs are almost invariably
employed to advertise the firm and its goods. The scheme
has commended itself generall" and along this very line it
should be pointed out that all information concerning the
address ol the firm and its factory points, offices, cable ad-
dress, telephone numbers, etc., should be given prominence
Some time ago, in answer to a circular letter from the de-
partment regarding suggestions for improving Canadian ex-
port trade, several correspondents discussed this subject of
giving prominence to Canada in letterheads. If this is well
taken, then it is not amiss to urge that equal stress should
be laid upon the fact that a firm is located in "Ontario
Canada, and not merely "Ottawa," or even "Ottawa Ont"

% % -

57 L?ym 5 -^

(iihc luainraa Journal

REPLY POSTAGE ON FOREIGN MAIL.

( From the Weekly Bulletin issued by the Philadelphia
Commercial Museum. )

It can be taken for granted that every firm which has
a more or less voluminous correspondence is entirely familiar
with the reply-coupon system inaugurated a few years ago
by certain countries in the Universal Postal Union. But
there is a possibility that this important aid to the develop-
ment of foreign trade is not used to the extent that it might
be.

Initial correspondence addressed to firms abroad requiring
a response should always be accompanied by postage for
that purpose. The postage on that particular response may
be but S cents, but it must be remembered that it is such
little courtesies which often count out of all proportion to
their seeming importance. Then again the probability is
that the foreign merchant will have inquiries from other
manufacturers the same day. The replies to these letters
mean quite a little sum in postage at the end of the year.

There is a vast difference between the American and for-
eign practice in the matter of sending prepaid postage for
replies when initiating correspondence or when asking for
information. In this country there is no well-defined rule
in the matter ; a few firms inclose return postage, but it is
far more usual not to do so. The omission causes no com-
ment because of its generality. Abroad, however, there is
a very definite well-understood and generally followed rule
that in initiating correspondence and in seeking information,
postage for the reply must accompany the communication. A
few firms abroad reply to communications of this nature,
courteously paying the postage themselves; but such firms
are the exception. A large number will throw the communica-
tion unaccompanied by reply postage into the waste basket,
or perhaps keep it as a novelty, as an illustration of the
carelessness or ignorance of their correspondent. In many
cases it is considered an evil only slightly less aggravating
than short-paid postage itself.

Until the inauguration of the reply coupon there was some
excuse for failure to comply with the foreign practice in
inclosing reply postage. United States stamps can not be
used and are practically worthless to the foreign business
man. But with the reply coupon now obtainable there is no
good reason for failing to comply with the practice to which
the foreign correspondence is accustomed. These reply cou-
pons, of a denomination of 6 cents each, are issued for the
purpose of sending to correspondents in 34 countries and
their colonies. They may be purchased at any post office in
this country and in any numbers desired. Inclosed in the
letter, they may be exchanged by the foreign correspondent
at any post office in any of the countries adhering to the
agreement, for a postage stamp equal in value to the 5-cent
postage stamp. By this arrangement the firm in this coun-
try can furnish a foreign correspondent with a postage
stamp with which to prepay postage on the reply letter.
While knowledge of the reply coupon is just as general
abroad as in this country, there are times when it might be
advisable to inform the correspondent that the coupon inclosed
is not itself good for postage, but that it must be exchanged
at the local post office for stamp.

of them, in the possession of the Empress Eugenie, is the
quill of a golden eagle"s wing, mounted with diamonds and
gold, which was used by the fourteen plenipotentiaries who
signed the Treaty i>f Pari> in 1856; while the pen with
which the Treaty of Vienna was signed is preserved in tne
family of Lord Bangor, whose ancestor (then Mr. Ward)
was private secretary to Lord Castlereagh at the time of the
signing of the treaty. The pen is always used when the mar-
riage register is signed by any member of the family. In
Berlin Museum are preserved the pen used by William 1
when writing to Queen Augusta the news of the victory of
Sedan and that employed by Queen Louise of Prussia to
sign her will.

South Africa treasures the pen used by King Edward to
sign the Union Act, and President Taft has the gold pen
with which the Anglo-American and Franco-American arbi-
tration treaties were completed.

Among famous men's pens which have fetched good prices
from collectors is Charles Dickens' gold pen, for which £40
was paid, and another pen used by him just before his death
sold for £19 10s. A quill pen used by the Duke of Welling-
ton sold for only 5 1/2 guineas at the sale of the Dalhousie
collection ; while one of Sir Walter Scott's, taken from his
writing table at Abbotsford, fetched 8 1/2 guineas. — Geyer's
Stationer.

ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS.

Why so many men fail to make successes of their business
is because they are afraid of a new idea. They refuse to use
their imagination in new combinations. They hold to the old,
while the world is crying for the new.

Novelty ! novelty ! novelty ! cries the bored world, and you
display your goods in your window in the same old way that
you did five years ago ; do you wonder that the world passes
you by?

Do you know your intellect does three things?

It thinks.

It remembers.

It imagines.

Since it can do three things, don't you think you had better
use it in three ways?

Since memory is a law of success, are you not wronging
yourself by having a poor memory? Especially when there
are methods of improving it.

Think how important a memory of faces and names are.
What patron does not like to be recognized by you — especially
by name — when he calls the second or third time.

Great men like Caesar. Xapoleon and Grant owed a great
part of their success to their accurate memories for faces
and names.

There was a time when it was thought that imagination
was useful to poets and artists only. Now, however, the
professional and commercial world is awakening to a sense
of its value.

It is Edison's powerful imagination that makes him the
wonderful inventor he is. His power of combining one idea
with another in a new way.

SOME HISTORIC PENS.

Isaac Reed, of Xew York, recently refused an offer of 500
guineas for a pen carved from the wood of a box presented
to George Washington, the box having been made from the
wood of a desk owned by the captain of the Mayflower.
It is probably one of the most valuable pens in the world.

But there are some pens which money will not buy. One

FAITH IN HIS WORTH.

He was just out of college and convinced that his services
were of inestimable value.

He was asking the manager of the big furniture store
for a job.

"Well," the manager said, "I'll give you a job as clerk to
start with. We'll pay you what you're worth."

"That is satisfactory, sir ; but do you think the firm can
afford it ?"

®lfp iBuBintaa Journal

AMERICAN OFFICE APPLIANCES IN NEW ZEA-
LAND.

(From Vice Consul General Henry D. Baker on special detail. )

American office appliances have found a good field in New
Zealand, and, in fact, by sheer force of. their own merit,
now have almost a monopoly in the sale of such goods in
this Dominion.

Practically all of the roll-top desks used in New Zealand
are made in the United States, notwithstanding that they are
obliged to pay an import duty of 37^ per cent, ad valorem
while those from British dominions are dutiable at 25 per
cent, ad valorem ; the duties being based on invoice prices
plus 10 per cent., the duty really amounts to 41J4 per cent,
ad valorem. The same is also true of office chairs, book-
cases, filing cabinets, etc., which come in under thi tariff
heading of "Furniture and cabinet ware." In addition to
the heavy duties, such office furniture, on account of its
weight and bulkiness, also has to pay considerable freight,
but in this respect American manufacturers shipping their
goods by New York appear to have an advantage over Eng-
lish manufacturers shipping from London. I was recently
permitted to inspect the invoices of some office desks im-
ported from the United States and some imported from
England, and found that in all instances there was a clear
difference of about $1.25 per ton in favor of the shipments
via New York over those from London.
Preference for the Product of United States.

American office furniture owes its good selling ability in
the New Zealand market, as compared with English furni-
ture, to the fact that, notwithstanding the disadvantage of
the preferential tariff, it sells about 10 per cent, cheaper than
English furniture, and in its designs suits the local taste
better. In American roll-top desks, the convenient arrange-
ment of the drawers and pigeonholes is an especially popu-
lar characteristic. In the American filing cabinets the easy,
noiseless scheme of pulling out the drawers is often favor-
ably commented upon.

Much notice also is taken of the comfort of American
office chairs, and, as regards typists' chairs, their special
adaptability for giving support when the typist leans for-
ward. Most of the filing cabinets used in New Zealand are
made at Muskegon, Mich., and most of the office chairs
at Chicago. Recently an attempt was made to introduce into
New Zealand a Canadian filing cabinet made of steel, of
light construction, and rather attractive in appearance. There
was, however, too much noise and rattle in pulling out the
drawers, and it has been very difficult to sell it in compe-
tition with American oak cabinets.
Prices at which Goods are Sold — Typewriters and Supplies.

American office desks are sold here at prices ranging from
about $36 up to $100, the most popular desks and best sellers
usually costing from about $50 to $75. Generally speaking,
American office desks are considered here very good value
for the money as they wear so well and seldom show signs
of warping. American filing cabinets are sold here from
about $5 for a cabinet of 2 drawers up to about $90 for
one of 18 drawers. American office chairs are sold here
from about $13 up to $25, and typists' chairs from about
$6.50 up to $10. I understand that in chairs local dealers
are able to handle the American article only on a very close
margin of profit. In importing American office appliances,
the New Zealand firms deal through buying agents in the
United States who pay spot cash for their purchases and then
draw on their local clients for the money required.

American typewriters are meeting with increasing sales
in New Zealand. In 1910 typewriters having a value of
about $50,000 were imported from the United States, which
was nearly double that of the preceding year. American
carbon paper for typewriting is almost exclusively used.

Typewriters are sold here both by local agents, who deal in
them exclusively, and by firms dealing in other kinds of
office appliances as well. They are admitted free of duty.

GREATEST TYPEWRITER SALE IN HISTORY.

An order just secured by the Underwood Typewriter Com-
pany from the Western Union Telegraph Co. for 10,000
Underwood machines is the largest purchase of its kind in
business history and breaks all records.

The innovation of day and night letter service, at reduced
prices, and the great increase in business in consequence,
made necessary the inauguration of more progressive methods
in the transcription of all messages received over Western
Union wires.

The proposition of purchasing the machines was put up to
a committee some months ago. This committee took into
consideration, not only the necessity for the purchase of
typewriters, but the practical and mechanical merits of all
machines. The result was a report to the company in favor
of the purchase and the adoption of the machine just or-
dered. Within a year every telegram, and particularly the
day and night lettergrams received over the Western Union
wires, will be typewritten. When the method is fully in
force it is expected that a vast improvement will be ap-
parent.

The machines are to be delivered from Hartford, the home
of the Underwood, to the various telegraph offices. The
purchase, because of its importance and size, has caused a
sensation in typewriter circles and great gratification on the
part of the army of operators who are handling the tele-
grams of the world.

STENOGRAPHERS' BLUNDERS.

As a former reporter and teacher of shorthand, with
much experience in the employment of stenographic help,
permit me to point out the other side of the picture shown
in "H.'s" letter yesterday, under the heading "Too Many
Stenographers."

Uncle Sam, the most considerate employer in the country,
cannot get enough men at salaries more than double those
mentioned by "H." Why? Because candidates are re-
quired to pass a fair but thorough examination which will
demonstrate whether they really are stenographers or mere-
ly victims of a course of "Shorthand in No Time and
Without Brains," so popular in many commercial schools
commercially conducted.

A majority of the 507 females waiting in employment
exchanges, counted by "H.," would probably get immediate
employment as domestic servants— a calling much better
suited to their education and personality. The town is
full of office help that cannot spell, that knows nothing
of grammar, and cannot correctly reproduce a verbal mes-
sage of more than three clauses.

Passing the shorthand ignorance that renders an order
for "two dozen cans of oxtail soup" into "two decent kinds
of castile soap." I deprecate the employment of any one
in an office who addresses letters to: "Mr. Thomas Alvet
Eddison, Esq." or "William O'Connell, Esq., Bishop, Bos-
ton. Mass.," and gives the hero of Manila a title he never
sought as "Mr. G. Dewey, Admiral Postmaster, N. Y. C."

I found a score of just such blunders in 200 envelopes
addressed for me yesterday in one of the most competently
conducted shorthand offices downtown. "We can't get
reliable help!" is the complaint heard everywhere.

Applicants for employment at the agencies are required
to take three letters, and if they can get 70 per cent, on
these they are listed as eligtbles. Would you hire a book-
keeper who made right additions in only 70 per cent, of the
accounts he posted ?— Gerald Van Castccl in New York Times.

/e/wi S-f~

% % * %•% %

Gtt\e Susinrsa Journal

THE ROTARY MIMEOGRAPH No. 76.

Improvements in duplicating machines have been the sub-
ject of many expensive experiments. Duplicating has be-
come such an essential factor in every business office that
^ood work is a sine qua non. The effort is being constantly
made to produce exact copies of typewritten matter, by
means of duplicating apparatus, which it would be impossible
to distinguish from original typewritten work. This prob-
lem is not an easy one to solve, so it is not to be wondered
at that inventors are constantly striving after improvements.
After over twenty years' experience in the manufacture of
duplicating machines, the A. B. Dick Co., 736 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, have added to their well known Edison
Rotary Mimeograph an improvement, which they consider
the most valuable in the history of this well-known machine.
This has been combined in their new model machine Xo.
76 Rotary Mimeograph and consists of an automatic self-
inking device, by which all ink-muss, possible soiling of the
hands or injury to clothing or office furniture from handling
the ink is altogether eliminated. The device takes care of
the ink from the moment it is poured into the fountain until
the last drop is exhausted without the hands of the operator
once coming in contact with it.

The self-inking attachment is a brass fountain within
the cylinder, attached to the bottom of which is a metal
brush-holder and inking brush. This is adjusted by set-
screws to provide for wear from time to time and travels on
the rods from one end of the cylinder to the other. This
brush carries the ink which is released from the fountain
by a valve-cap. The inking attachment is securely locked
and does not interfere with the operation of the machine.
The valve releasing the ink cannot be opened until the opera-
tor wishes to do so. To effect this the operator draws from
the center of the cylinder an independent handle, attached to
which is a rod which engages the fountain, carrying it along
on the two rods first mentioned and unlocks the ink-valve.
A forward and backward and a side to side movement of the
handle enables the operator to apply the ink to any and
every part of the diaphragm, charging the pad on the oppo-
site or outer side of the cylinder more quickly and evenly
than is possible with a brush, operated by hand. When
through inking the fountain is returned to its original posi-
tion, where it is automatically locked against all meddling.
The cylinder cannot be revolved or the machine operated
while the inking mechanism is in service. Every care has
been taken to make the device proof against accident by-
intent or design.

The Model Xo. 76 accommodates any size of paper up to
8'-xl4 inches. A new adjusting device is applied to the
new model by which the copy may be raised or lowered on
the sheet intended to receive the impression. The cylinder
may be adjusted so that the copies may be printed on the
impression sheets in a desired location thus insuring ac-
curate registration. A new style feed board is also another
feature and many other improvements have been added to
make the XTo. 76 Rotary Mimeograph a far better duplicator
than it ever was before. The price of the new machine

A HANDY TYPEWRITER DESK.
The Byron Typewriter Cabinet Co. of Detroit are
manufacturing a cabinet which apparently embraces all
the good points possible in a desk. The company is
composed of men who have had practical experience
in the typewriter business, and it is evident they have
given much thought to the subject. "A place for every-
thing, and everything in its place" seems to have been
the object they had in mind. One of the best features of
the desk is that it is sanitary. There is no accumulation
of dust remaining underneath it for months at a time.
The desk is built compact, occupying a space 20x42
inches.

Protectograph
G. W. Todd & Co., Mfrs

THE PROTECTOGRAPH.

This device manufactured by G. W. Todd & Co.,
Rochester, X. Y., is used to protect checks, drafts and
other negotiable documents against fraudulent alteration.
Its use is made necessary by the fact that the amount
of a document may be "raised" without affecting the
signature, thus making the signer of the document res-
ponsible for more than he intended.

The Protectograph, as used in the United States and
Canada stamps a line similar to the following, each
character being cut into fine shreds and acid-proof ink
forced through the shreds under heavy pressure:

NOT OVER ONE DOLLAR $1$

In foreign countries, the Protectograph is adapted
to the monetary standards prevailing. For example, in
Japan the machine is arranged to stamp the word "Yen,"
in Germany "Marks," in France "Francs," in Turkey
"Piastres," etc.

This device has been on the market for twelve years,
and there are about 120.000 in use at the present time in
all parts of the world. The price, $30, brings this valuable
device within the reach of all, and it gives one a feeling

XII

&§? luatnpaa Journal

ADVERTISING.
By Frank E. Vaughan.
HEX the prospective advertiser has clearly map-
ped out the field that he wishes to cover, his
next step is to make himself as familiar as pos-
sible with the papers that command that field
and to sort them out in proper perspective.
Here i? a task of delicacy and difficulty, increasing in exact
ratio as the article offered is general rather than special.

Assuming that it is something for general use and that a
serious effort is to be made to popularize it, the services of
a competent advertising agent are exceedingly handy. For
this kind of a thing, nibbling at a paper here and there is
likely to be just so much wasted. A certain sum of money
is necessary to a fair test, and the professional advertising
agent, who has learned the drawing power of particular
mediums through repeated tests, is dishonest or incompetent
if he cannot make the money cover more ground and better
ground than the advertiser himself.

In selecting an advertising agent it is better to fight shy
of those that trade things for space and keep it on tap
for customers at bargain rates. Quite possible there may be
some good space in the bargain lot, but it is obviously to the
agent's interest to convert that into cash for his own emolu-
ment; and nothing warps judgment more than self-interest,
even with the best of men.

While the honest advertising agent can nearly always earn
his commission and something more for those whom he
serves, where the appropriation is modest and the article
a specialty, any intelligent person should be able to handle
the matter successfully.

Every important line of trade is represented by class
papers, and in nearly every line there is one paper that
overshadows the rest. The pitfalls are the many fake
sheets that masquerade as class papers and subsist by bun-
coing the all too common type of business man who places
his advertising in a haphazard way.

Yet it is easy to sort out the genuine from the bogus, and
in most cases a little intelligent investigation will reveal un-
mistakably the particular paper that overshadows the rest.

Begin right there.

The others may be important, but the leader is the one
paper that is indispensable. It gives the advertiser audience
with the largest proportion of the people he needs to reach
and is twice as good as the second best nineteen times in
twenty.

Here is a good place for the advertiser to try his wings.
He need be under no apprehension that the proceeding will
fail to awaken interest among other publishers or that he
will long be in ignorance as to the value that they put upon
their space. It may indeed keep him guessing as to whether
it wouldn't be well to try this or that other paper. At all
events it will assist him in getting the lay of the land well
fixed in his mind, and this is a great gain in any kind of
campaigning.

Circumstances vary so greatly according to the field and
[he article that anything like fixed rules of procedure are
impracticable. But the objective point is the same in all
cases — to reach the most people who are likely to buy. Where
are the inquiries coming from. Why are there not more
from this class or from that section? Are there holes in
the net, and, if so, which of these three things is at fault
—the article, the way it is offered or the medium?

This leads up to another point. It is astonishing what
views i if "advertising draught" are held by people who are
otherwise rational. The enthusiastic inventor is a good type
of this sort. He has been nursing his schemes for months,
perhaps for years, until his whole system is saturated with
them. He is so profoundly impressed with their importance

that it is inconceivable to him how any rational man could
deny himself the pleasure of jumping at them the instant
they are exposed, like a hungry trout for a May fly.

He writes out an inch advertisement, in which he can
hardly deny himself the luxury of some such phrase as
"Greatest invention of the age,'' and gravely writes the pub-
lisher that if returns are satisfactory he will try another in-
sertion— or maybe three or four! Ultimately he thinks he
would like a page or two — when the returns justify it.

But the returns never justify it — that is, on that sort of
advertising. Trout are never quite so hungry as the angler
thinks they ought to be. Then again, there are flies and flies,
and many a lusty fellow has felt the sting of the steel in
his jaws just when he thought he had a corner on a luscious
white miller.

All tlies are not of this kind, but it takes a good eye some-
times to distinguish them. And the process of acquiring this
discriminating sense breeds caution.

Don't let anybody fool you on this point. Unless you are
prepared to give your advertising a fair show — to put some
brains into its preparation and placing; to watch it closely;
to give it ample time to soak in, so that the people you are
aiming at will be COMPELLED to know about it — whether
they want it or not — you wrould be likely to get a good deai
more for your money by investing it in peanuts or circus
tickets.

ITS NEVER TOO LATE TO MAKE A FRESH
START.

Xo man need be a failure. You may seem to be go.ng
backward, but that doesn't prove you won't start upward
again.

Many a merchant has not succeeded because he never really
started. He's been on the zt'rong road all the time and c*en
at that, holding his own. What he can do on the wrong
road shows what he will do when he strikes the right road.

Failure teaches you where the flaws are — or at least
to know that flaws do exist and to hunt them out.

Every time you go back a step you add to your knowledge
of things not to do.

Even a rut will bring you to a place where you can get
a fresh start if you will only make the trial. Think of all
the big businesses started by men after they were well along
in years.

This proves it's never too late — that experience is only pos-
sible by having lived. You can't get experience in a college—
you must pay for it with years and hard work.

You can't break the spirit of the grizzly. You may keep
him caged for years, but give him a chance and see how
quickly he will take it. You may break his body, but never
his spirit. He's got grit — and the older he gets the more
grit he stores up. Take a lesson from him.

There's one thing sure — you'll lose your chance if you lose
your nerve. Your age doesn't count. A new idea is as
valuable to you to-day as it would have been years ago —
provided you use it. A new thought, applied flow, will do
as much as it would have done a year ago.

If you are not progressing as fast as you feel you should,
take a new grip. Eliminate all things that your experience
tells you are wrong. Your experience is your biggest asset
— use it.

Know what no/ to do. Find new things to do.

When you know the wrong way of doing things, try a
»«« way. It's apt to be the right way — it's sure to.be sooner
or later, if you only keep trying

Don't let the Past worry you — its lessons will lead to suc-
cess if you will only profit by them. Experience, plus new
methods and new thoughts, means uezv energy and new en~
thusiasm. — The X. C. R. Weekly.

57 leyryi 5 -^

» k ♦ % * % » »

uJljr Huaiwsa Journal

XIII

"NEAR" STENOGRAPHERS.

Psychological Tests Might Be Used to Discourage the
Misfits.

There are not too many stenographers, but there are too
many "near" stenographers, who fail from lack of mental
and physical aptitude or from imperfect training. I lately
had an applicant who answered an advertisement for a
stenographer who stated that she had had no experience
but had taken a course at the "Thirty-day school" of stenog-
raphy and typewriting. (This is a fact. There is a school
offering to make stenographers in thirty- days.)

It would be possible for a practised examiner with a few
simple tests and some analysis to say definitely whether any
applicant had or had not the mental and physical equip-
ment needed to make a stenographer. Many bitter failures
would be prevented by so much forethought and trouble.
It is very likely that Columbia University and the College
of the City of Xew York are equipped with psychological
laboratories for making such tests and examinations as
would be required. It is the great defect of our education,
both higher and lower, that no help is given the pupil to
"find himself" in the direction of life work. Boys and
girls equally blunder and fail, often becoming discouraged
merely from trying to do what in the nature of their make-
up they cannot do.

The public schools of Germany are doing something to-
ward helping boys to choose a line of work for which they
are fitted. William Wirt of the Gary (Ind.) schools is
showing originality and purpose in his "reformed" public
schools. There is a bureau in Boston offering advice to
any one who may apply regarding choice of work fit for
individual ability. Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Superintendent
of Chicago Public Schools, is fully alive to the lack of rela-
tion between school and work. The Sage Foundation might
well devote money and effort to the relation between poverty
and useless miseducation. "What knowledge is of most
worth?" asks Herbert Spencer, and answers the question
in his clear and simple little book, "Education," which
every young man and young woman ought to read. As an
employer of help of all kinds. I have been made wholly
sick at heart with the misfits, the failures, the aimless, who
go about looking for a chance to earn their bread when
probably they will be unable to fill creditably the most simple
and humble position. The many men, who can "turn a
hand to almost anything" — meaning that they can do nothing
well. The many girls who ought to be doing housework.
but will rather starve and risk self-respect trying to hold to
some form of ill-paid, unskilled work supposed to have
a small social preference — it all makes me wish to live
under a different form of civilization (or even unciviliza-
tion), where fewer wrecks and derelicts would float by to
sadden those who think with their hearts and not with their
foreheads. — New York Times.

HALF A MAN IS NEVER WHOLLY SUCCESSFUL.

Hard work only never made a man or a success.

Knowledge only never made a man a genius or a success.

Initiative only never made a man a genius or a success.

You can work hard, and waste your energies, because you
lack the knowledge to apply your energies in the proper chan-
nels.

Your mere knowledge may make you a book-worm, and
a book-worm is not a success.

Von may have initiative, but lacking the proper knowledge
and the energy to acquire this knowledge, your initiative will
be impractical.

You must know what to do— how to do— and then know
how to do it in a better way than the other man— that is,
in a new, more original way— if you want to make a big
success.

Keep on the beaten track, and you will attain only medi-
ocrity.

Get off the beaten track too much, and you will be ec-
centric. The world might be amused at you, but it would
distrust you.

Do not desert the beaten track entirely, but add new
branches — open up new avenues for achievement — and you
will be a success — a genius.

BUSINESS EDUCATION.

That the demand for highly trained men in business and
industries is in excess of the supply is proved not alone by
the demands being made upon our colleges and universities
but by the efforts of business associations and trade societies
to establish schools and training courses for men engaged
in special lines of work. The Insurance Institute of America
is the latest to take up this work and has recently instituted
a course of study for those who desire to master the intri-
cacies of the insurance business. This institute is composed
of the insurance clubs of a number of large cities of the
Xorth and East and the course of instruction will be offered
to men already engaged in the insurance business who desire
to fit themselves for more efficient work and for promotion.

Several American universities are now offering courses in
insurance, but so great is the demand for trained men and
the number who can afford the expense of university attend-
ance being limited, the institute hopes for quick results through
this new system of correspondence instruction. Periodical
examinations will be held in large cities throughout the coun-
try and certificates will be awarded to those who pass at
such examinations. For the present, courses in fire and
casuality insurance only will be offered, but later the list
will be extended to include all branches of the insurance
business. The study course is patterned after that of the
Insurance Institute of Great Britain, which has been so suc-
cessful that in ten years the number of candidates increased
five times.

It is intended, declare its promoters, to give every ambitious
man the oportunity to study at his own home the principles
and practice of the branch of insurance in which he is en-
gaged. It aims to help him acquire knowledge which he
would otherwise have to acquire by the rule of thumb, and
to help the man who is willing to study to do the work of
his present position in a better manner and to prepare him-
self for promotion to a better paying post.

The time is rapidly coming when the men without special
training will find no place save that of unskilled laborers in
the business and industrial activities of the world. There
is a lesson and a warning here for the young men of today.
— Ft. Worth Record.

"The head that is loaded with wisdom doesn't leak at the
mouth."

Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, not knowl-
edge itself. — Seneca.

It is a great thing to mix betimes with clever people." One
picks their brains unconsciously. — Buhner Lytton.

Retire within thyself, and thou wilt discover how small a
stock is there. — Persius.

It sometimes goes a great way toward making people like
us to take it for granted that they do already. — Harriet
Beecher Stowe.

The successful man is the one who realizes that for every
stroke of luck he will have to give a stroke of wjrk —(.hicago
Journal.

• *

XIV

®fy? HiiBUttHB Journal

BUSINESS BUILDING.

Would you be a master business-builder? Then you must
have the tools for your work — and one of the most important
tools is a healthy body.

•"Health is God's best gift."

To keep his health is the sacred duty of every man who
would succeed. Nature offers you the means : fresh air to
breathe, clean water to drink, to bathe in, nourishing food to
eat. Make your choice wisely — and be well.

One of health's chief laws is exercise — use.

Use your muscles, and your muscles become strong; use
your lungs, and your lungs become strong.

Abuse or neglect your muscles, and your strength departs ;
neglect your lungs — don't breathe properly, and tuberculosis
may be the result.

It is so easy for the normal man to be well that it is a
crime for him not to be well.

The laws of health are so simple, nourishment and use,
that it looks as if we should learn to obey them, since they
mean so much in the battle of life.

Is not the man mad who in the "money chase" destroys his
body? Logic says he is; for money after all is only pur-
chasing power in the commercial world, and the things worth
while that money can buy are the things worth while to the
well man only.

To the sick man "the earth and the fullness thereof" means
nothing.

One cause of the sick man's failure is his terrible selfish-
ness; the man who is compelled to think continually of "his
own ills" is not the man to give the world service.

To be able to give the world real service you must be able
to forget yourself, and think of your work only.

Only the well man can love his work, and only the man
who loves his work can render efficient service, and only the
man who can render efficient service can be a business-
builder, and only the man who can be a business-builder can
be a success in the business world.

Since you are in the business world you want to become a
success, and to get the reward of commercial success —
money.

That is a legitimate ambition. You should be proud of it.

The man who has no desire to make money is unwise.

But you are an ambitious man anxious to attain or retain
your success.

The first thing then to do is, be healthy. If you are so
already, remain so. If not, follow the laws of health, and
attain it.

Remember, health is the first step in the attainment of
success.

The second success injunction is, know the other fellow.

Thousands of dollars have been made by knowing how to
handle the other fellow.

Thousands of dollars have been lost by not knowing the
other fellow and by putting him in the wrong place.

Thousands of dollars have been expended by fond parents
in their attempts to make doctors and lawyers of sons that
nature never intended for such professions.

Ml reforms require a militant force. If you want to see
evils overcome get out and work towards this end. Talk
in such instances is valueless. The person who howls the
loudest against political evils is usually the one who never
votes. The merchant who is the most disgusted with con-
ditions in his trade is invariably the one who wouldn't walk
across the street to co-operate with someone trying to
better thing6. The carping critic and backslider is a pest
"even unto himself."

SAVING MENTAL ENERGY.

"Keep your mind free of details," is the advice given by
a ten-million-dollar concern to its executives; "use the brain
for constructive thinking and not for remembering, your
advancement and ours depend upon your ability to think— so
conserve your mental energy."

This advice takes practical form in the shape of a loose-
leaf vest-pocket note book distributed by the concern to each
department head. On the inside of the leather cover is a
label, reading: "This little note book is intended to remind
you of things to be done each day. Use it regularly — it will
prove a valuable companion. We believe it will increase your
efficiency fully 20 per cent. There are countless things to be
done each day which we are liable to forget. Note them in
this little book and thus keep your mind free for more
important things."

This little idea is one of hundreds that have helped make
the concern in question the largest of its kind in the world,
and to develop a 100 per cent, efficient organization that is
the envy of other manufacturers. — Business.

PROMISES.

When you tell anybody that you are going to do anyth;ng,
first be dead certain that you can do it and next carry
through your determination and do it.

When you tell anybody that somebody else is going to do
something, first be certain that they are willing and that it
is possible for them, and then follow it up to see that they
actually do it.

This applies directly to the promises that salespeople and
others throughout the store make regarding the delivery of
goods, the shipping of orders, the ordering of special items,
writing and mailing of letters, and perhaps a hundred and
one other things that do not come to mind at this moment.

Remember that the promises which you make are .-uppesed
to be kept. And you will find that the patrons of your
store will hold your firm pretty close to whatever state-
ments are made by the employes in any capacity. — Notions.

ABOUT GERMS.

However much people may wash, the human skin never
throws off its myriads of surface bacteria. That is the out-
come of a series of experiments made by Dr. Hikada, a Japa-
nese physician, in Prof. Neisser's famous clinic at Breslau.

Dr. Hikada's object was to discover how far the skin bac-
teria were affected by physical and chemical processes. The
average healthy person's skin has, according to Dr. Hikada,
1,520 live germs to the square centimeter. This applies to
the skin between the shoulder blades, but the facial cuticle
carries a far greater number.

Men carry a larger percentage of germs tha nwomen. Chil-
dren up to the age of 14 have relatively far purer skins
than adults, but after 14 the age of the subject seems to make
no material difference. Thin persons and those with dry
skins have more bacteria than those who are plump and whose
skin is active.

Dr. Hikada found no- difference as regards the number of
skin germs on persons of widely different social positions
or callings. Ordinary baths do not cleanse, he says, except
they be followed by a thorough douche with pure water.
Rontgen rays do not affect the skin bacteria ; ultraviolet rays,
on the other hand, reduce them by nine-tenths. Applica-
tions of vaseline or lanoline to the skin assist the breeding
of surface germs by the million within twenty-four hours,
but acetate combinations and pure alcohol vapor dressings
kill them off, very rapidly.— New York Sun.

57 Lpjyy) S-Z-

®l|p Husuwaa Journal

BEGIN WAR ON TIP SYSTEM.

Commercial travelers of the United States have started
a campaign against hotel tipping, which, they say, costs them
$50,000,000 a year. That sum P. E. Dowe, president of the
Commercial Travelers' National League, says is disbursed by
salesmen annually among bellboys, waiters and porters, in
addition to $325,000,000 paid as regular hotel charges.

President Dowe mailed to the various associations of hotel
proprietors what he calls the "final call" of the traveling
salesmen, in which he says :

"The traveling men, forced to action in self-protection,
fully aware of the fact that increased expenses mean de-
creased salary under present business conditions, and find-
ing only one way to bring the hotel proprietors to a realiza-
tion that they have underrated public sentiment against the
tipping abuse, are preparing to compile lists of private houses
where transients can be accommodated.

"For commercial men with trunks it is proposed to estab-
lish in the central section of each city a loft or lofts divided
into light, clean showrooms. Many of the hotel sample
rooms are in damp and unhealthy basements, as numerous
commercial travelers can evidence by doctor's bills.

"You can see that we mean business, but in consideration
of the self-evident fact that your members have failed prop-
erly to guage the sentiment against tipping, we will with-
hold definite action a reasonable time, and if there are no
signs that the hotel proprietors propose to put their help
upon a self-respecting basis, making them wage-earners in-
stead of beggars for gratuities, no power on earth can pre-
vent our carrying out our program of reprisal.

"Hotel guests are expected to hand out the coin for every
service or attention by the hotel help, from the hallboy who
carries the grip back of an incoming guest to his room and
hangs on until the rake-off is provided, to the porter who
calls a cab or carries a grip from the doorway to the bus."

All classes of merchants, as well as private citizens will
welcome the movement recently started by the Commercial
Travelers' National League to minimize the tipping evil. It
it stated that tips cost commercial salesmen $50,000,000 a
year, which, of course is paid by the merchants at home. It
is well pointed out that it is time for hotel proprietors to
put their help upon a self-respecting basis, making them
wage-earners instead of beggars for gratuities. In private
and social life there may be some justification for the tipping
system, but it is entirely out of place in the economics of
business and commercial affairs.

WHIMSICAL ABBREVIATIONS.

Some men are like peanuts, the better for a good roasting.

It makes a man feel sheepish to have someone "get his
goat."

If time is money, what's the use of spending our time
saving our money?

Pleasure with some people consists in doing something they
cannot afford.

Music is the food of love, but it ■ doesn't balk at candy
and ice cream.

When the hands of a clock are arrested they stop doing
time. It's quite different with a man.

It's a wise man who can keep his own counsel, but it's
a wiser one who can sell it, like the lawyer.

An odd thing about marriage is that the fool is just about
as likely to make a desirable one as wise people. — Boston
Transcript.

"Pull" don't amount to much, except to eventually pull
a man's reputation down.

A good salesman is like a woman in her wisdom: If he
has more sense than his customer, he uses some of that
sense to conceal the fact.

When you talk quality, you must deliver quality. The
delivery speaks louder than the talk.

Order takers are not salesmen. They are not far in ad-
vance of the slot-machines, except that they move about.

Two-thirds of the supposed traveling salesmen are travel-
ing men, but they are employed and are drawing salaries as
salesmen.

Knowledge is power and it dispels the fear that ignorance
breeds.

There is a difference between character and reputation.

Every man should take an inventory of himself, and the
oftener the better.

"Salesmanship" is the biggest word in the dictionary to the
business man.

No man can be permanently successful who is not truthful
— Gcxcr's Stationer.

•A BIT OF EVERY DAY SENSE."

(By Herb. C. Smith.)

When a fellow's worked at one old desk — the same one

quite a while,
You dream perhaps you've cinched the stunt in just the

proper style.
It's well enough to realize you're doing well, you know,
But someone's speeding close behind, however swift we go.

Gee ! don't you dream you know it all and don't your cranium

swell —
Because no other one can do your job just quite as .veil —
Be honest — isn't this the case in instances gaiore?
And truly said there're many of us have dreamed the same

before !

Don't think too much of "Me" — "Big I" don't think yen

know it all,
Because the stuff that we call "Pride" has caused great scores

to fall.
Just work right well and play quite fair and always keep

in view
The thought some one can do your job as well as now you

do!

Friends — here's the truth in lines quite few, in rhyme, in sim-
ple verse :
You may be good at all you do and some man do it worse.
But after all, no matter what the stunt is, this is hue —
There's always someone that can do it just as well as you.

EPIGRAMS ON SALESMANSHIP.
Brains capable of originating, in combination with charac-
ter, always were and always will be the highest priced rental
product in the world.

PLANS NEWSPAPER TO PREVENT ALL WARS.

Paris. — Plans for the publication of an international news-
paper, the object of which is to cause the extinction of war,
are today being quickly carried forward under the direct
supervision of Andrew Carnegie. Editors from many coun-
tries are busily at work, aided by a group of diplomats, in the
perfection of the plans and hope to have the paper started
in the near future.

In starting this venture "Mr. Carnegie has shown the real-
ization erf the fact that his greatest power for the prevention
of war will be exercised through a well organized news-
paper, the object of which is to cause the extinction of war,
disclose all schemes calculated to ferment trouble between
nations, and can circumvent the secret plots of nations by
publicly exposing them to the world's gaze.

XVI

Sljp lBusinrsa 3nurnal

HACKNEYED PHRASES.

Phrases to be avoided by public speakers :
I rise with diffidence.

Unaccustomed, as I am, to public speaking.
By a happy stroke of fate
It becomes my painful duty
In the last analysis
I am encouraged to go on
i point with pride
On the other hand (with gesture 'I
I hold

The vox populi
Be that as it may
I shall not detain you
As the hour is growing late
Believe me
We view with alarm
As I was about to tell you
The happiest day of my lift-
It falls to my lot
I can say no more
In the fluff and bloom
I can only hint
I can say nothing
I cannot find words
The fact is
To my mind

I cannot sufficiently do justice
I fear

All I can say is
I shall not inflict a speech on you
Far be it from me
It behooves me

Rise phoenix-like from his ashes
But alas!

What more can I say?
At this late period of the evening
It is hardly necessary to say
I can not allow the opportunity to pass
For, mark you

I have already taken up too much time.
I might talk to you for hours
Looking back upon my childhood
We can imagine the scene
I haven't the time nor ability
Ah, no, dear friends
One word more and I have done
I will now conclude
I really must stop
I have done

— Greenville Kleiser. In the New York Globe

FREE PENCILS FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN.

A unique way to get their pencils into the homes and
to show how easy it is to sharpen them, has been adopted
by the Blaisdell Paper Pencil Co., who have announcements
in several magazines offering to give school children free
pencils if they will guarantee to show them to their parents
and illustrate the easy way to sharpen.

APPROVED.

Philip was a conceited youth. One evening he called upon
some friends and picked up the new Webster's Unabridged
Dictionary which lay on the table.

"What do you think of it. Philip?" asked the host.

"Well," was the reply, "so far as I have looked it seems
to be correct." — Success Magazine.

SALESMANSHIP

Salesmanship is the art or faculty of convincing the othei
fellow of his need of the goods you offer, to such an ext< nt
that he will buy.

Salesmanship is a battle of organized knowledge against
unorganized ignorance.

Success is doing that which prior to the act seemed impossi;
ble.

A clerk is a two-legged machine; an automatic contrivance
that can write down an order or show goods when asked or
demanded to do so.

Men are not. employed to-day to "wait on trad-.:," but to
sell goods.

Salesmanship is a science and its practice is an art.

COURTESY.

Courtesy leaves a fine flavor— discourtesy a bitter taste.

Courtesy makes friends and friends make business.

If you must fight with someone, join the army. The sta-
tionery business is not a training school for combativeness.

The men at the top are uniformly courteous. Are you
headed that way?

Courtesy is not a veneer covering a bad disposition. It
must be genuine and penetrate to the heart to be effective.

Good temper is an asset to any business, as witness the fol-
lowing advice:

Every time you lose your temper you do two things; you
lose a patron and you injure your digestion. One is as nec-
essary to business as the other is to you.

MAN AND HIS WAYS.

Have you ever noticed that when you arise in the morning
and find you have contracted a cold in the head, and your
breakfast is delayed so that you almost miss your car,
and you cut your cheek with your razor while shaving, and
your cravat sticks in your collar and won't slide around
properly, and the street car conductor compels you to go in-
side the car, although you want to stand on the platform and
get some fresh air, and some one steps on your most critical
corn, and when you get off the car you see a man who touch-
ed you for ten and has been dodging you ever since and
who now dodges up a stairway to get away from you, and
the first letter you open is a notice that your insurance note
must be paid to-day, and the next letter is a request to
contribute something to a fund for the propagation of some
kind of a theory, and some one calls you up to tell you
that he thinks you made a serious mistake in writing a cer-
tain thing, and you square away at your typewriter to do
vow day's work

Have you ever observed that at such a time, when you
want to make a carbon copy of what you write, you in-
variably put the carbon in backward and get the whole thing
on both sides of the same sheet? — Chicago Post.

He that knows how to make those he converses with easy,
has found the true art of living, and being welcome and
valued everywhere. — Lake.

"Have you ever observed that we pay much more atten-
tion to a wise passage when it is quoted, than when we read
it in the original author?"

Character is more than intellect. A great soul will be
strong to live, as well as to think. Goodness outshines genius,
as the sun makes the electric light cast a shadow.— Emerson.

Have you learned lessons only of those who admired you,
and were tender with you, and stood aside for you? Have
you not learned great lessons from those who reject you.
and brace themselves against you? or who treat you with
contempt, or dispute the passage with you?— Walt Whit-

INTERMEDIATE COURSE.

By E. C. Mills.

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Plate 1 : It is almost as difficult to compose a good business letter as it is to write one beautifully. The above
letter which is directed to a previous customer, contains all the characteristics of a first-class business communication.
The letter should be written by the correspondent or ambitious penman at least one hundred times.

Plate 2 : There are various reasons why so many people are poor spellers. One of these reasons is that the spelling
books contain words spelled in type, wdiile the letter writer must see them in script. This plate and the succeeding
one really constitute an excellent combination of spelling and penmanship lesson.

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Plate 3 : Anyone who thinks all these words are easy to spell should pronounce them to someone at home or in
the office.

♦ •

Slje BitBxttfBB Journal

Plate 4: Very few people can distinguish between education and information. Education, as we understand it to
be, means the ability to do some one thing well. There are those who can do several things well, but they are the
exception. This plate should be memorized, and this can best be done by writing it one hundred times.

Plate 5 : What has been said regarding Plate 4, applies in a way to this Plate. Concentration is the secret to
educational success.

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Plate 6: A very common business form is the promissory note. As a penmanship exercise it combines practice
of both letters and figures. Write this note one hundred times

Plate 7: This is a good time to write proper names, aid one who gets this well has reached the summit of writing

L&/VY1 S-f~

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3I|f Huaxttfas Journal

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Commercial

»ning by P. W. Costel

BUSINESS WRITING SPECIMENS FROM OUR
READERS.

O. L. Rogers, Supervisor of Writing, Ft. Wayne, Ind.,
sends us a package of his students' work which show that
he is getting very fine results in business writing.

The pupils of W. M. Hopkins, of the St. Louis, Mo., Com-
mercial College, are very skilful in executing artistic move-
ment designs, and we wish to congratulate them on the
work which reached our office.

The specimens showing rapid pen practice by the students
of J. A. Stryker, State Normal, Kearney, Ncbr., are a credit
to the writers and the instructor.

The work received from W. E. Hind, High School, Lind-
say, Calif., show that his students are on the right road to
good penmanship, and we hope to see more specimens bj
them.

C. H. Glasheen, of Taunton, Mass., sends us a packet of
specimens by the pupils in the commercial department of
the High School. This is the first time penmanship has
been taught, the commercial department having been started
this year, and Mr. Glasheen is to be congratulated on the
good movement work and word practice his students are
producing.

News Notes.

A record to be proud of. Our worthy
friend, O. S. Manion, of the Southern
Commercial School, Wilmington, N. C,
writes us that since affiliating with that
college nine months ago he has increased
the enrollment from 35 to 140. What
is the secret, Brother Manion? Other
schools undoubtedly would like to try
your plan. The notation in your letter
concerning The Journal "The students
like it. Nothing better," touches our
tender spot, and we shall see to it that
the Journal lives up to its reputation.

We note that the stereopticon has
been put to another good purpose.
F. R. Beygrau, who conducts classes
in Isaac Pitman shorthand in connec-
tion with the secretarial courses of-
fered by Columbia University Exten-
sion Teaching has adopted the unique
idea of delivering illustrated lectures
to his students in which the origin
and history of the art are portrayed,
thus making a very forcible impres-
sion upon his hearers. This is an idea
that might well be adopted by other
schools.

A. M. Wonnell, Ferris Institute, Big
Rapids, Mich., who has the confirmed
habit of remembering us with a good-
ly subscription list ever and anon,
writes: "Busy at this end of the line;
more than 1,200 students— a_ record
breaker for Ferris Institute." How
many candle power search light do
you use, Brother Wonnell? We do
not want you to establish a monopoly
there in the Middle West, as we have
some other good friends out that way
who still have a desire to live and
prosper.

The January issue of "Fair Play
contains a most interesting article
from the pen of that noted handwrit-
ing expert, A. S. Osborn, on "An Ex-
pert's view as to Expert Testimony".
Should space permit, we will print in
a future issue some extracts from this
article.

In our opinion a calendar serves_ as
a very profitable means of advertising,
as one's name is constantly before the
man he wants to reach. The Cort-
land Business Institute of Cortland,
X Y., has sent our office a very neat
specimen of one of these silent sales-
men.

Another package of writing by the pupils of L. J. Heiman
Northwestern Business College, Chicago, 111., has reached
our desk, and judging from the specimens we can prophesj
success to these boys and girls in their penmanship.

Caleb Bishop and Wm. Earle, Springdale St. Commercial
School, St. John's, Newfoundland, send us several pages of
their business writing which make a very good showing.

Words Everyone Should Be Able to Spell.

Esquimaux

gangrene

masquerade

merino

aperient

vellum

arrears

delirium

guaranty

ermine

vermin

abeyance

athwart

bevy

varioloid

autograph

eulogy

phantom

rhetoric

antithesis

syntln si>

anachronism
chronic
a<ter^k
astronomer
synchronous
synagogue
geology
cauterize
poug
hypothecate
hypocrite

colonel

kernel

adherents

adherence

correspondents

correspondence

emigrate

immigrate

gamble

gambol

jester

WRITING FOR THE ACCOUNTANT.

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LESSON EIGHTEEN.

Certain f^res can be joined conveniently and this joining promotes speed. You can pass from 2"* J s. 5 s. OS and 8S to olher fl
can pass to OS. 4S 6S. and 9S. Practice across the lines. Notice which ffcores are on ,he line and which ones arc between «h, lines '
should be made of each model.

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COPTRIC1T li^s.

;\irez and you
A neat column

FLOURISHING.
By \V. D. Sears.

The two designs for this month are decidedly different.
The bird was carefully designed and executed, while the
other was made as fast as one stroke could follow another.
Make the bird first, minus the strokes of the tail; then the
flourished strokes which surround it, supplying the tail
strokes afterward. The lines of the background may now be
made, with the crossing lines of the supplementary flourish-
ing.

The fan design must be made with quick snappy strokes,
nearly every one of which should be shaded. Make the
two crossing strokes first, then the flourishing at the top,
finishing with the short strokes below the scroll. This de-
sign can be made very attractive by supplying some appro-
priate word in the scroll.

BROKEN BITS FOR BUSY PEOPLE.

The reward that life holds out for work is not rest nor
idleness, but increased capacity for work.

The successful man has not been "lucky," but "plucky."
The difference of a letter makes all the difference in the
world.

We all have dull days. But when the sun shines, store
up enough sunshine in your heart to carry you over the
dull days.

Be optimistic— think of the good things in this world. Fill
your lungs with good air, let the sunshine gleam from your
eyes, be happy, smile and the world will smile with you.

The study of man is man. Study each man you have busi-
ness with. Learn men and you will have the first principles
of successful salesmanship.

Never give up. Persistency is a jewel. Hang on and
you will win out. The last card often wins the trick.

Learn how to approach a man properly. It is one quar-
ter and perhaps more in successful salesmanship. Always
try to make a good impression on the man you are trying to
interest.

Talk business. Don't indulge in high "faluting." Good
business men like business, not humdrum nonsense.

Try to cultivate a brisk, frank and pleasing manner when
you are trying to make a sale. Don't crawl, but be manly
and you will win out.

I 5

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I V ■ » % * % % %

ebp SSusutrss Journal

•.'i

A TALK WITH YOUNG BUSINESS WOMEN.
By Nina P. Hudson.

I feel confident that many of you are working without
giving due amount of thought to good health, which is the
most valuable asset to a business girl.

The requirements of hygienic living are pure air and
water, sufficient exercise to work off superfluous avoirdu-
pois, proper food and, of course, a sensible division of time
into sleep, labor and pleasure.

If you are ambitious, you are quite apt to forget that upon
your health depends, perhaps exclusively, the completion
of your desires. You may not have other exercise than that
connected with your work ; you may steal daily from the al-
lotted time for rest, you may overburden your stomach with
foods, or eat such that your system cannot digest.

A woman's daily routine may be social, domestic, business
but she may be blinded to the fact that the happiness of
others and herself, as well as her success is practically sac-
rificed if her good health must be the exchange.

If you are well and strong, do not encroach upon your
.good fortune until it breaks and you find yourself suddenly
sick, bolstered on pillows, hidden from light and friends,
ready to cry out at the least noise.

Physical well-being seems much like a large bank account
of which one does not know the exact amount. He realizes
he is very rich so at first draws heavily, then gradually small-
er sums till he finds one day there is little or no money
left in the bank. So with a girl beginning her business
career with a healthy body, she thinks "Oh, I never had a
sick day, I can stand work all right," but impure air, late
hours of surplus study and needless worry, hastily eaten
meals — all have their effects, resulting in nerve-prostration
or spinal troubles.

We speak of sickness as coming to us, yet it is more often
of our own seeking, of our own foolish neglect. Healthy
bodies can throw off germs which attend many of the
foods eaten and impurities of air breathed.

By our own common sense we must care for our precious
bodies, for we are responsible for their condition if our
minds are to do faithful work. The nutrition absorbed makes
every little cell and by the proper thought as to air and food,
we can aid or interfere with the organic system.

Impure air breeds disease and by sitting in your offices
or in your rooms with no mode of ventilation, no fresh air at
all, you are inhaling germs to destroy the lungs, to bring on
headaches, to infect the throat and a hundred other ailments.
During the winter, lights are lit early, furnace fires are
kept burning and all the life-giving oxygen is absorbed so
that when you take a deep breath your chest feels burdened.
If you can not have the window open for long on ac-
•count of draughts or underheated rooms, put it up for five
minutes and swing the door in direct range of the window
hack and forth, thus creating a circulation. Do this twice
a day at least. At night, sleep with your window wide open.
If this has n >t been your habit, begin with it one quarter
way up and gradually increase the width. You will not be so
apt to have ambitionless feeling in the mornings. When
going out of doors breathe deeply and expel the breath just
as deeply.

As to eating, the best but seldom practised rule is eat
a little less than enough rather than too much. Eat slowly
and select your food with the thought of nourishment rather
than as to what pleases the eye.

Instead of a piece of frosted lemon pie, or a square of
whipped-cream-covered shortcake, how much wiser choice,
would a bowl of beef soup or two boiled eggs on toast, have
been for that girl 1 saw the other day who could spend but
ten or fifteen cents for her noonday lunch. I do pity you
who must rely upon restaurants for food. I know of nothing

more wearisome and unsatisfactory than to go day after
day to a public eating house, see the same menu, eat poorly
cooked foods at unfortunate prices. All of the "dishes" look
delectable but have the same unseasoned taste. My best
warning to you is to avoid pastries, confine yourselves to
fruits, vegetables, eggs and meats in the piece (that is such
as steaks or full slices from roasts but no chopped meat
croquettes and hashes). Soups are second best. They are a
good food but rather questionable as to their derivation.

If you find you are becoming irritable, omit tea and
coffee from your dietary. Coffee acts as a stimulant with
women more than with men who smoke, as the nicotine coun-
teracts the strength of the coffee.

If possible to secure home board, no matter how plain
the food, providing it is wholesome, do so for your own
health's good.

Select your meals with care ; do not have too many starchy
or fatty foods at one time such as potatoes, rice or maca-
roni, and cornstarch pudding or roast pork, fried oysters
and fritters. As our eating directly affects not only the
stomach, it is well to choose in their season lettuce and celery
which are nerve-quieting; dandelions, asparagus, beet greens,
which contain iron and act upon the blood, carrots and
other root vegetables for the complexion ; lamb because of
its healing qualities; beef for muscle building; eggs because
of easy digestion and great nutriment.

It would be well if we would eat to live and not live to
eat. The sense of taste seems to be thoroughly developed ;
so much so in some girls that they are nibbling something all
of the time. I know of four girls who are stenographers
and bookkeepers in a gas office who in the past year have
brought upon themselves chronic dyspepsia because they are
always "treating" each other ; and their employers let them
use the gas stoves which were in the office. They told me
what one noon meal was — Welsh rarebit, lobster salad,
creamed eggs, and cucumbers. Think what an indigestible
conglomeration to put into a tired stomach! The cheese of
the rarebit and the cucumbers in one meal would be quite
enough to distress any human being of leisure.

Please do not eat between meals. You will then preserve
a good appetite and will not be obliged to resort to a dozen
patent medicines, whose chief value seems to be in getting
some poor mortal in print, who is languishing for notoriety.

Begin to-morrow to breathe and eat aright and above all
things keep well for how very precious is good health.

REORGANIZATION OF VENEZUELAN SCHOOLS.

(From Charge d'Affaires Jefferson Caffrey, American

Legation, Caracas.)

The Minister of Public Instruction of Venezuela is at-
tempting a reorganization of the system of public instruc-
tion in that country. Although public instruction was es-
tablished in Venezuela two years ago, the schools have lacked
organization, and those persons who have been intrusted to
administer and teach in the schools have not been equipped
with the proper normal-school training. The small school
with the one teacher is the system which has been in vogue
in the past.

Recognizing the urgent need of concentration, the present
Minister of Public Instruction, Dr. Jose Gil Fortoul, is es-
tablishing large concentrated schools all over the Republic,
and has sent Sr. Guilermo Todd, who is in charge of the
technical administration of the schools, to study the organiza-
tion of normal schools and the mechanism of common-school
education in the Unite.' States. As soon as the economic con-
ditions of the country will permit, a male normal school will
be established at Caracas, which will be provided with every-
thing necessary for efficiency, and professors of recognized
pedagogic training will be called from abroad.

J t •

(lift lusinraa Journal

EDITORS SCRAP BOOK.
H. H. Leeds, Brooklyn, N. Y., sent a post card with a
photographic reproduction of his engrossing and illuminat-
ing work. He says, "A sample of my work which has grown
out of studying The Journal for a number of years." Mr.
Leeds has acquired remarkable skill for a home student,
and is to be congratulated.

W. H. Wherley, of Astoria, III., favors us with a packet
of his business and ornamental writing which is a credit to
him.

The flourishes and cards from E. L. Teeter, of West Hart-
ford, Conn, prove that he has talent along these lines of
pen art.

A. J. Williard, Wine, Va., knows how to swing the orna-
mental holder most skillfully.

Chas. Palmer, Wilmington, Del., sent us a card showing
his ability as a knife artist. The work is very neatly done.
Signatures from F. B. Adams, of Parsons, Kans., prove
that he is able to wield the ornate pen successfully.

S. O. Smith, of Hartford, Conn, favors us with a quan-
tity of ornamental cards that prove a delight to the eye.

Leslie E. Jones, Elbridge, N. Y., sends his monthly contribu-
tion, and we are pleased to note his improvement.

From W. H. Moore, of Menominee, Mich., come several
specimens of his ornate writing. Mr. Moore is but twenty-
one years of age, and is to be commended for the progress
he has made in his penmanship work.

Ornamental and business writing specimens have reached
us from W. K. Cook, of Hartford, Cann. In a subsequent
issue we will reproduce some of this most excellent writing.
F. Coburn, of Lowell, Mass., sent some unique show card
lettering and price cards executed with the rubber end of
a penny pencil. The specimens are very neatly done, and
those interested in lettering should give this method a trial.
The writing of F. S. Heath, of Concord, N. H., is still up
to his high standard. He turns out some very beautiful
ornamental specimens.

S. W. Thomas, of E. St. Louis, 111., the war veteran sixty-
six years of age, encloses in his letter renewing his sub-
scription a package of cards which make a fine showing for
a man of his age, and he is to be complimented on being
able to do work of so high a grade.

The most artistic piece of knife work which has reached
our desk for some time is the calendar from the hand of
F. S. Field, Flushing, N. Y. It shows a butterfly colored
with the brush hovering near some daintily tinted flowers.
Mr. Field has remarkable talent in executing this kind of
work.

Nicely written letters come from the pen of A. R. Mer-
rill, Saco, Me.; C. W. Jones, Brockton, Mass.; J. G. Christ,
Lock Haven, Pa.; D. L. M. Raker, Harrisburg, Pa.

Superscriptions worthy of special mention have reached us
from I. P. Ketchum, Madison, Wis., C. G. Prince, New York,
T. J. Risinger, Utica, N. Y. ; A. W. Kimpson, Amarillo,
Texas; E. H. McGhee, Trenton, N. J.; O. J. Penrose, El-
gin, 111.; N. S. Smith, Waco, Texas. W. K. Cook, Hartford,
Conn.; G. E. Van Buskirk, Newark, N. J.; Howard Keeler,
Spring Valley, N. Y. ; E. Warner, Toronto, Ont. ; J. J. Bailey,
Toronto, Ont.; A. P.. Merrill, Saco, Me.; W. H. Moore,
Menominee, Mich.; W. J. Slifer, Kansas City, Mo.; C. W.
Jones, Brockton, i I.indley, E. Liverpool, Ohio;

J. H. King, Raleigh, N. C. ; H. W. Flickinger, Philadelphia;
J. A. Stryker, Kearney, Xebr. ; F. S. Heath, Concord, N. H. ;
L. B. Lawson, Santa Rosa, Calif.; D. L. M. Raker, Harris-
burg, Pa. ; E. L. Hooper, Portland, Me. ; A. W. Dakin, Syra-
cuse, N. Y; O. L. Rogers, Ft. Wayne, Ind. ; C. A. Barnett,
Cleveland, Ohio. W. A. Hoffman, Valparaiso, Ind.; A. J.
Beverage, Waco, Texas; L. C. McCann, Mahanoy City, Pa.;
A. S. Osborn, New York.

E. E. Marlatt, of the Journal Staff.

snap-shot of one well-known to every Business Journal
reader for the past twenty years. Mr. Marlatt is the de-
signer of our title page, and contributes to nearly every
issue of the magazine.

COAL PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES-

(From Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey.)

Although the production of coal in the United States dur-
ing 1911 was probably second only to that of the record year,.
1910, the year was unsatisfactory to the coal-mining industry.
Overproduction and the struggle for trade depressed prices-
heayily. The record of the anthracite region of Pennsyl-
vania was a notable exception to the general conditions
The shipments of anthracite for the 11 months ended No-
vember 30 amounted to 63,838,872 long tons, and the De-
cember shipments are estimated at 6,230,000 long tons. This
total exceeds the previous high record of 1907 bv approxi-
mately 3,000.000 tons. The local trade in 1911 amounted to
about 2,000,000 long tons, and the colliery consumption to-
8,000,000 tons, making the total production for the year
close to 80,100,000 long tons, about 4,700,000 long tons over
the 1910 output. A part of the increase in production is
probably due to the stocking of fuel in anticipation of April
1, 1912, when the present wage agreements terminate, but
the market has been absorbing an unusually large tonnage,
ami tin- increase is not chiefly artificial.

Much of the bituminous business has been conducted at
a loss, and the trade as a whole has been demoralized. The
depression of the iron trade has been seriously reflected in
the coking-coal regions. It is estimated that the production
of coke in 1911 will show a decrease of 20 to 30 per cent.
from that of 1910. The shutting down of hundreds of coke
ovens had added the burden of disposing of a large part of
the slack usually consumed by that industry to the other
troubles of the bituminous operators.

The total production of bituminous coal in 1911 was proba-
bly 3 to 5 per cent, below that of 1910. A decrease of 5-
per cent, means a decline of 25,000,000 short tons, or more
than the total coal production of Belgium, the sixth coal-
producing country of the world. With this decrease the bi-
tuminous output for the year would be between 395. 000,000
and 405,000,000 short tons. With the addition of the total
anthracite output, the total production of coal for 1911 ag-
gregates between 485,000.000 and 496,000.000 short tons, com-
pared with 501,600,000 short tons in 1910. These estimates
are based on statements from leading operators, on the rail-
road shipments for all but the last few weeks of the year, and
on the monthly reports from the blast furnaces.

llt/nn S~^~

(Hlji> Huautras Journal

News Notes.

Andrew J. Graham & Co., New
York City, are now prepared to con.
duct examinations for the granting of
teachers' certificates for proficiency in
Standard Phonography. Any person
over 18 years of age, who has been a
student of Standard Phonography for
a year, and who is possessed of a good
English education, is entitled to take
the examination. This examination
may be taken by mail anywhere and
at the teacher's convenience, but the
answers must be given without refer-
ence to the text, and must be accom-
panied by an affidavit stating they
have been so made. Any of our
readers desiring to qualify for one of
these certificates should write Andrew
J. Graham & Co. for full details relat-
ing to the test.

J. T. Thompson, of the Steubenville,
Ohio, Business College, informs us
that he has been obliged to secure two
more rooms to accommodate his stu-
dents, and that he has recently in-
stalled 12 new typewriters and 42
commercial desks. J. M. Moose, for-
merly of Janesville, Wis., has been en-
gaged to take charge of the bookkeep-
ing and penmanship classes. A healthy
state of affairs, Brother Thompson,
and we wish you continued prosperity.

The Williamsport Commercial Col-
lege, Williamsport, Pa., is sending out
a neat little reminder in the form of
a pocket penknife with an advertise-
ment of the school printed thereon.
A good idea, and it should be produc-
tive of the desired results.

From far away Japan comes word
from Brother James S. Oxford stat-
ing that the Japanese students like
The Journal very much, but owing to
their poverty it is very hard for them
to subscribe. He states that $1.50 for
a year's subscription means practically
the same to them as the American
youth paying $10 or $15. Mr. Oxford
reports the school is in a very flour-
ishing condition, having an enrollment
of almost 600 students, and that the
students take a great deal of interest
in penmanship. Mr. Oxford is doing
some good work, and the profession
has cause to feel proud it is rep-
resented by a man of his caliber.

"We have just had the best month,
January, that v/e have had of any
school month, since this school was
founded", writes Brother Ovens, of
Pottsville, Pa. We hope this state-
ment can be applied to every school
The Journal visits, as nothing encour-
ages a teacher so much as a roomful
of bright, eager faces. The Ovens
School also believes in calendar ad-
vertising, as this office is the recipient
of a copy of "The Grenadier Girl".

The North Adams (Mass.) Tran-
script gives a nice write-up of the re-
ception held by the students of Bliss
College, of that city, on February 2d.
When three hundred young people
congregate in a hall an enjoyable ev-
ening is the result. An address was
delivered by Attorney Niles from
which we quote an extract to cheer
up our country boy readers who are
of the impression that they are under

a heavy handicap in competing with
the city boy.

"There is a general impression that
the boy from the country is far in-
ferior to the boy from the city. This
is all nonsense. He is certainly
handicapped in regard to some of the
advantages offered by the city, but
he is living in the open, close to
Nature, who is constantly teaching
him self-reliance, and when he comes
to the city he has something which
you who have been born in the city
have been deprived of, a self-reliance
which is invaluable to the employer
and more than upholds the idea that
the boy from the country is superior
to the boy from the city."

We have just received from the Gem
City Business School of Quincy, 111., a
highly artistic calendar, which reflects
much credit on the taste and artistic
perception of the management. It is one
of the daintiest conceptions in the cal-
endar line we have received, and we ap-
preciate the kindness of the Messrs.
Musselman in sending it to us. An-
other favor of kindly remembrance of
the festive season has also come to hand
from this school in the shape of a
specially engraved Christmas and New
Year's card, attached to the personal
card of D. L. Musselman, Jr. Thanks,
Mr. Musselman, thanks! All your
good wishes we heartily reciprocate.

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY, Tribune Building, New York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal,
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Bennett. R. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Remington Tvpewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters' Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Hook Co., Washington Square, New York.

Bliss Publishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co.. lioston. Mass.

Goodvcar-Marshall Co.. Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons. J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago, 111.

Packard. S. S., 101 East 23rd St., New York.

Practical Text Book Co.. Euclid Ave.. Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe. H. M.. ft Co.. Baltimore. Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati. Ohio.

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAPtivo ft • I'PtWRITER RIBBONS.

Smith. S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New yTork.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENCiL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins. Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson. Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman. I.. & Sons. 2 vV. 4.r.th St.. New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon. Toserb. Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magmisson. A.. 208 N. 6th St., Quincy, 111.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterhrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.. 95 John St.. New York.

Gillott & Sons. 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt. C. Howard. Pen Co.. Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.

SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Graham. A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons. J. A.. St Co.. 023 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, III.

Packard. S. S.. 110 E. 23rd St.. New York.

Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pitman. Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 45th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland. Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St.. tvew Orleans. La.

Toby. Edw., Tex.. Pubr., Aristos or Janes' Shadeless Shorthand.
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New York.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway. New York.

Lyons. J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Pitman. Isaac, ft Son. 2 W. 45th St.. New York.

Practical Text Book Company. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans. La.
TYPEWRITERS

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River, New York.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway. New York.

i^'t.i

f ypev

adwa

lith Premier Tvpewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Tvpewriter Co., 327 Broadwav, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co.. 30 Vesey St., New i ork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Tvpewriter Co., 300 Broadwav, New York.

Remington Tvpewriter Co., 327 Broadwav. New York.

Smith- Premier Tvpewriter Co.. 319 Broadwav. New York.

Underwood Tvpewriter Co.. 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD).

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGEABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty— writer Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WTDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Tvpewriter Co., 300 Broadway. New York.

Reminirton Typewriter Co.. 327 Rroadwav. New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Tvpewriter Co.. 30 Vesey St., New York.
WRITING DEVICE.

Writing Form Co., Silk City Bank Bldg., Paterson, N. J.

She iBitsmrsa Journal

Modified Gothic Alphabet, b y G. DeFelice New York City

GOOD WRITING.
By H. W. Shayior, Portland, We.
rTER much experience in dealing with beginners
in writing, I have come to believe that the forma-
tion of a good handwriting must begin early in
life, through careful and persistent training in

penholding and movement. And I would not like

to leave the impression that I would ignore form in any
way. Form and movement must go hand in hand or there
will be failure in one direction, if not in both.

A good handwriting should include perfect legibility, ease
of execution, and a fair degree of speed. Perhaps too much
is expected of young pupils in way of form. Certain it is
that absolute perfection of form or even a near approach
to it must preclude much, if not all, freedom of movement.
On the other hand all movement, on a very large percentage
of movement drills, will leave form stranded forever, leaving
what is sometimes known as a "Lawyer's hand." So we r«T
peat; the two must go hand in hand. It has been said that
our ben teachers should be employed in the lowest grades,
and this is true, in some measure at least, in the hope to
accomplish much in the branch under consideration. Nothing
short of patient, persevering labor, will secure satisfactory
results in penmanship.

We must not overlook the fact that the same essentials
of good penmanship are required of a child in the primary
grade as of one in the high school grade. If there were a
possibility of graded forms the problem would be compara-
tively easy of solution; but the same form of an a or a J
is required from a six year old as from a college graduate,
save that we exact a more perfect form from the youngster.'
The words he uses may be shorter, it is true, but the same
rule for spacing, the same height of letters, or relative
height <>f parts, the same care as to slope, as well as of
ev.ry .Mail is expected in the writing of the beginner as of
the more advanced. All this being true makes the problem
one difficult to solve.

Neither must we forget, nor ignore, the fact that the

is undeveloped: his muscles arc flabbv, his powers of

concentration are in embryo: his ability to sustain effort

nd a brief period is "nil", aside from the fact that

ood handwriting is unappreciated, on

accounl of being so remote, as to render the most wise and

judicious treatment of his case necessary. I do not mean

to say that young children do not like writing nor are

wholly unable to see its value, for this is not true. No more
enthusiastic class can be found, but it must, from the nature
of the case be more or less spasmodic and soon over— looked
at from their constant change in growth and development
it is not reasonable to expect them to remember and keep
in mind the goal for any length of time.

Even young children, however, can do something in line
of simple movement exercises and can attain to consider-
able proficiency in form. Right here, in my opinion, is
where the greatest care should be exercised in their training.
It is necessary to establish habits which will abide and
which will not need something later. Children should not
be allowed to contract habits in one grade to be discoun-
tenanced in the next. It is as unwise as to teach them "baby
language" in the cradle and then to laugh at them later
for using it, aside from the time wasted in unlearning the
nonsense in a later stage.

The movement adapted to beginners is simply the lateral
slide. With the arm placed on the desk in proper position,
the elbow stationary, teach them to swing the arm from left
to right as if they were brushing the desk free from dust,
hinging at the elbow, without using the wrist joint. The
rythmic movement will please them and if continued at short
intervals, until all thoroughly understand just how to do it,
will accomplish a great deal in more ways than one. First,
it will promote an upright position of body: secondly, it
will tend to relax too tight grip upon the penholder, and
thirdly, it will suggest freedom and ease of action, all
three of which form the very foundation of easy writing.
This article would be too long for me to attempt to sug-
gest even, much in way of special work, but suffice it to
say that following this lateral movement, or in conjunction
with it such letters as small i and u can be used profitably
and at the same time show the necessity of keeping form
and movement so closely related that a proper foundation
is laid for a good handwriting. A reasonable amount of
time should be devoted to practice on ellipses— to establish
freedom and secure a thorough relaxing of pen grip— but
the major part of the movement work should be to the latter
movement and the application in chart letters.

Perhaps I may add one word of caution. In my opinion
there is more time wasted in unnecessary practice on move-
ment exercises than can be afforded in the limited time de-
voted to this branch of education. I have seen and known
pupils to be kept at practice on the ellipses for an unlimited

57 Ipjryi 5 -^

0% Hustttraa Journal

time, covering pages, and still learning nothing new, nor
making much advancement in really learning to wnte. One
might as well jack up an auto, and set the wheels spinning,
and expect to get somewhere as to expect to learn to execute
written forms by such kind of chirographic gymnastics. Ap-
plication of movement to written forms should begin at once
and never be allowed to go by default. I mean this. It
seems to me that unless a movement exercise is followed at
once with some practical application to form, spacing, height
and slant, the time is as much lost as it would be to a man
who should attempt to jump, and spend most of his time in
preliminary movement. He might swing his arms till dooms-
day and unless after he had secured the required momentum
he should "let 'er go," all the swing in the world would be
useless.

TRADE OF PERSIA WITH UNITED STATES.
(Review by Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce
and Labor.)
The imports into the United States from Persia during
the fiscal year 1911 amounted to $1,055,603, of which carpets
and rugs made up $944,561, and wool suitable for carpet
making $82,624. The exports from the United States to
Persia were valued at $21,899 and consisted principally of iron
and steel manufactures. In 1910 the imports from Persia
amounted to $700,000 and in 1909 to $350,000.

Cottons, sugar, tea, iron and steel manufactures, woolens,
yarns, and petroleum are the principal articles imported into
Persia. The cotton imports in 1909-10 were valued at 126,-
000,000 krans (kran equals about $0.09); sugar, 107,000,000;
tea, 28,000,000; iron and steel and manufactures thereof, 14,-
000,000; woolens, 14.000,000; yarn 10.000,000; while haber-
dashery, silks, rice, dyestuffs, flour, matches, spices, timber,
and copper were represented by sums ranging from 2,000,-
000 to 5,000,000 krans. Raw cotton heads the list of Persia's
exports, and fruits, woolen carpets, rice, fish, opium, cocoons,
gums, and skins follow in order.

The relatively small foreign commerce of Persia is largely
due to the fact that that Empire is lacking in adequate means
of transportation and communication. Wheat, barley, rice,
fruits, silk, wool, cotton, gums, and other staples are pro-
duced in great quantities, and lead, copper, and other mineral
deposits abound, but good roads and railways are few, thus
seriously handicapping transport to points of distribution.
The latest reports show less than 100 miles of railway in
all Persia. As late as 1903 but 311 miles of carriageable roads
had been built, though progress has been made since that
time. Telegraphs include O.nrj miles of line and 10.754 miles
of wire, connecting 131 stations. Teheran, the principal city,
has a population of 2SO,000 ; Tabriz, 200,000: and Isfahan,
80,000. Less than 1,500 Europeans reside within the Em-
pire.

A. L. Peer, Commercial Instructor, University Prepara-
tory School, Tonkawa, Okla.

The Home of W. K. Vanderbilt, New York City, One of
America's Financial Kings.

£7-^1^-€ZS—

er^- ^ii7-t><*fl^c*-<^£-^U^---

Business Writing by the late L. Madarasz.

* ♦ * ♦ •

■26

News Notes.

We wish our correspondents would
•be a little more considerate of our
feelings. Listen to this! Our old
friend, R. A. Spellman of Taunton,
Mass., who, on January 31st, retired
from active service in the Bristol
County Business School, writes us
concerning a resort planned for a cer-
tain spot in Georgia, and among other
things says: "We have the finest place
to rest I ever saw. No telephones, no
trolley cars, no daily papers; just the
song of the birds, the ripple of falling
waters and the rustle of the leaves
caused by the mountain zephyrs." And
yet he has the audacity to say, "I
wonder if you are interested in all
this." There is a limit, dear readers,
so please do not over-tax us. Going
to work these mornings in the face
of a nor'-wester that comes straight
from Medicine Hat excuses a man in
the eyes of the law and holds him not
accountable for his actions.

We hope the members of the East-
ern Commercial Teachers' Association
are making such plans as will enable
them to hark to the cry "All aboard
for Albany". We have received an in-
teresting booklet issued by the Al-
bany Chamber of Commerce depicting
the various places to be visited there,
and we have no doubt it will mean a
most enjoyable trip.

We are glad to note that so far
presidential year has not affected our
profession, as judging by our corres-
pondence everybody is exceedingly
busy with his duties. J. H. King, ot
King's Business College, Raleigh,
N. C, writes: "Have been so busy
enrolling students I have not had

(Thr iSusmtHs Journal

time to get up a club for your paper,
but will try and send you a list of sub-
scriptions soon. We now have an en-
rollment of 240."

In a letter in which we can almost
detect the odor of the eucalyptus and
the orange blossom, J. H. Janson, of
the Napa, Cal., Business College, in-
forms us: "We are very pleased, in-
deed, to state that the Journal is prov-
ing to be a valuable auxiliary to our
teaching and we, of course, will en-
courage our students to subscribe for
it." We are no more than human,
and expressions like the above help
to blunt many of the thorns in our
path.

After thirty-two years spent in
teaching Young America the whys
and wherefores of penmanship How-
ard Keeler has retired from active
service and is now devoting his ener-
gies (profitably, we hope) to the pro-
pagation of Airedale Terriers. He ex-
tends us an invitation to visit him,
but inasmuch as he enclosed a card
with his invitation representing eleven
dogs peering over the fence, we feel
we should consider the matter and
not act hastily.

Still more evidence of prosperity.
Brother Elston of the Alberta College,
Edmonton, Canada, in forwarding a
goodly number of subscriptions re-
marks: "We are enjoying a largely in-
creased enrollment, and trust that the
Journal is prospering splendidly."

Alfred Higgins, of the Orange
Union High School, Orange, Cal., "is
also well pleased with The Journal,
as he states "I am very much pleased
with The Journal so far this year,
and think the January number would
be hard to beat."

Remington Notes.

A new issue of Remington Notes,
No. io of Volume 2, was issued by the
Remington Typewriter Company on the
1st of February. This number of the
Notes is full of interesting matter for
the stenographer and typist, and, as a
postal card to the nearest Remington
office will bring a copy, it would be well
for any not on the mailing list for
Remington Notes to write for this issue.

The first article is descriptive of the
faculty which some typists possess of
copying from manuscript on the type-
writer while at the same time carrying
on a conversation with a bystander-
even to copy in one language while con-
versing in another. The article points
out that these performances have a
practical interest to all stenographers.
Then there is an article entitled, "From
Cicero to Cortelyou, The Story of Sten-
ography in 20 Centuries," by W. H.
Brearley, in which the connection of
many prominent personages of both an-
cient and modern times with the art of
shorthand is brought out. The work of
the Remington Typewriter Employment
Departments in securing situations for
stenographers, is touched on in an art-
icle by Miss M. I. Stagg, the head of
their Employment Department in Kan-
sas City, and the closing article is a
careful description of the different pro-
cesses entering into the manufacture of
the Remington type bar, in which the
many different stages in the evolution
of the type bar are illustrated and care-
fully explained. This care in type bar
manufacture is well warranted by the
important part played by the type bar
in the durability of the writing machine.

WHEN WE MAKE A TEXT BOOK

we get the views of hundreds of the best teachers in the world, as to where, and in what way, it is
possible to improve on the books they are using. Some suggest one tiling, some propose another.' We
tabulate the answers we receive to our questions along these lines, and thus get a comprehensive view
of the combined wisdom and practical advice of all those who are in the best position to know what
would be ideally perfect for actual schoolroom practice, under present day conditions.

By pursuing this course of inquiry and investigation, we are able to produce books which are far
better adapted to the purpose intended than could possibly be written by any one author unassisted by
others. No one who thus helped to make our books perfect could have made them to suit his own use
as well as we have made them by the combined help of the best talent in hundreds of schools.

For more than twenty years we have been studying your needs, from your point of view. We
ask you to buy our books not to please us, but to please yourself. They are as much belter than the
old-time books as the latest improved machinery is better than that which preceded it. Can you
afford to ignore this fact, as here brought home to you, and made clear and reasonable by this ex-
planation ?

We publish a full series of books for commercial schools. Send for sample copies for examina-
tion, and let your teachers "test them out" ready for adoption next fall, if not at once.

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid Avenue and 18th Street,

Cleveland, Ohio.

ksrY) S-^

Uilje iBitsinPss Jltmrnal

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BEXXETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Sicd dr mw aultgue of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Commercial Teachers' Training School.

Rochester Business Institute

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

UNSOLICITED TESTIMONIALS l£mngT* "onVs^n'

~~^ "^ ~*^ ~^~ ~ """ "^^^"™"™" manship and engrossing
ought to be proof that it's worth the change. So for a short time I'm offering 24 lessons
;„ !,„.;■,«« writing for $5.00, 21 in ornamental writing $5.00. 10 in engrossing script
in lettering $5.00. Or the whole for $17.50 and a hand made certificate
fresh from my pen, red ink criticisms. Resolutions, etc., engrossed.
Diplomas "filled. Good work at the right price.

$4.50,

AMARILLO, TEXAS.

It is necessary for
that special purpose. Th
■elected rosewood or ebony, and cannot
BRAND. If your dealer cannot supply

12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c

I writing to have a holder adapted to
holder is hand-turned and adiusted. made of
le by an automatic lathe. LOOK FOR THE
id to the designer and manufacture!.
8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North Sth Street, Quincy, 111.

of A

Automatic Sign Pens. (Wholesale and Retail.! Over 50 different sizes and styles

in Markine Shading. Plain. Special and Border Pens for all Practical Show Card

s' Work. Lettering, etc. The product of over

- , — . — — 30 years' experience in this special line.

£ , ( Mfl SPECIAL OFFER: 6 MARKING OR 8 AU-

^BgW^**»^^ TOMATIC SHADING PENS, with three colon
,.,„m,i;,. Ink, 1 Doz. Sheets Cross Ruled Practice Paper. 1 Alphabet Compendium
iplete instructions for the student and beginner, also 6S
nd Figures for the teacher in lettering, together witk
1 Show Card Writer and Letterer. All Prepaid for
New and Complete catalogue free.
Dept. I, Pontiac. Mich., U. S. A.

No. 102. Containing full and ...
plates of neat and up-to-date Alphabet
necessary instructions for the Comme

The Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co

HIGGINS'[E™[AL

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

gp The kind you are sure to Die
with continuous satisfaction.

At Dealers Generally.

jST": «£ EteSfor seed 15 cent, for 2 ox.

yOSDsJs* l ..i l -i .

^~^ ~^ bottle by mail, to

CHAS. M. HIGGINS & CO., Mfr$.

27 1 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

ESTERBR00K

STEEL PENS

A STY LE FOR
EVERY WRITER

Fine Points,
Al, 128,333,818

At all Stationers.
Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

Works: Camden, N. J.

95 John St., N. Y.

News Notes.

The Connecticut Quill Club, an or-
ganization whose membership is lim-
ited to twenty teachers, or expert pen-
men, was formed on January 12, 1912.
E. M. lluntsinger, ex-president of the
Eastern Commercial Teachers' Asso-
ciation, was elected president, and
with a man of his caliber at the head,
it goes without saying much benefit
will be derived through membership
in the club. The second meeting was
held on February 17th at South
School, Hartford, at which an exhibi-
tion of engrossing and illuminating
by W. E. Dennis, of Brooklyn, was
given. A great deal of interest was
manifested by those present in some
scrap-books containing a variety of
script work by noted penmen. Speci-
mens of penmanship from the Sth and
9th grades of the Brown and South
schools of Hartford were also on dis-
play. The club's aim is to "create
an atmosphere for more thoroughness
and greater manual dexterity on the
part of the teachers who instruct our
boys and girls in the utilitarian art of
penmanship." The Journal office has
been remembered with a large group
picture of the members of the club.

In sending in some subscriptions
for The Journal, Merritt Davis, of the
Salem High School, Salem, Ore., ad-
vises us that he has met with splendid
success in installing a new commercial
course which meets the demands of
the business as well as the educational
world. He also writes he has increased
the enrollment over 300rr, and that
owing to lack of space and assistants
he has been unable to meet the de-
mands made upon the department.
You certainly have just cause to feel
proud of your achievements, Brother
Davis, and our good wishes go out to
you at this time.

The annual meeting of the South
Carolina State Teachers' Association
is to be held in Charleston, S. C,
March 28th to 30th, inclusive. As an
attendance of more than 1,500 teachers
and officials is expected, it will no
doubt prove to be a very interesting
and important convention.

The temperature of our office was
raised several degrees by a call from
the February issue of "Sparks", a
house periodical "emitted once in a
while from the Forge of the Good-
year-Marshall Publishing Co., of
i edar Rapids, Iowa, to amuse and
edify the Commercial School Breth-
ren." There are some good thoughts
contained within this booklet, and we
wish it every success. Thanks, Friend
Marshall, for your kindness in re-
membering us.

We have received from Pedro Es-
calon, Santa Ana. Central America, a
photo°raph of himself in uniform
which was taken in lc06 when, as Sec-
retary of the Salvadorean Legation,
he attended the marriage of King Al-
fonso of Spain. Senor Escalon's
martial aspect, no doubt, added lustre
e occasion.
Our friend. E. B. Johnson, of Jersey
City, is camping on the trail of the
authors. Here is a little article from
his pen that is rather neat:

"A little flourish now and then
Is relished by the best penmen.
A little flourish, grace and shade
Is not improper when well made."

/ # * • *

<2rie iBuatttrss 3nurttal

ILLINOIS HIGH SCHOOLS 2t,?ak^k- spjin«-

, , ... ... , ww—^ hf.ld| Canton, Cen-

trana. tast M. Louis, and other good cities, selected our can-
didates. We place good commercial teachers everywhere. Fine
openings in business colleges and high schools coming for Sep-
tember. Lots of emergency calls right now— one in high school
that has been paying $1600. Keep in touch with us for we get

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,

ROBERT A. GRANT. Mgr. Web.ter Grove., St. Louii, IS

COMMERCIAL

TEACHERS

MKltY

l^^jt^l^' I *F,f") Teachers of Shorthand, Typewriting,
Penmanship and other commercial
branches for business and public schools. Positions now open
for competent applicants. Registration free.

G. L. SMITH, Sac'i »d Treat.

NEWMARKET, N. H.

NORTHEASTERN TEACHERS' AGENCY,

MANY OF THE

Best Schools in the United States

get their teachers through this Bureau. We always have openings for first-
class teachers. We have some excellent places New. Free registration.
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY, Bowling Green, Ky.

447 South Second Street, Louisville, Kentucky

NO REGISTRATION FEE.

POURING IN !

Requests for high-grade teachers for next summer and next fall are
flooding our office. Our hard work and our aggressive advertising, coupled
with our exceptional success in landing high-grade positions, and starting
off good beginners fortunately — these things win.

Within a few days we have sent teachers to the Oklahoma Agricultural
College, Stillwater; Eau Claire, Wis., High School; Akron. Ohio Hi«"h
School; Orange, Mass., High School; Rhode Island Com'l School Provi-
dence, R. I.

And we have just been asked to furnish a man for the Brookline, Mass,
High School, the late head of the commercial work there receiving $2500
May we help you, too, this year? Registration free. "No position, n

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency, o^^^v^ass.

THIS IS POSITION-GETTING SEASON

For the teachers of Shorthand, Bookkeeping, Penmanship and
all other C ommercial Branches. The demand promises to be un-
precedented.

, u'~ht ,""u: "'' have a number of first-class calls from leading hisrh
schools and private business schools. The teachers who arc on the field first
are going to have the pick oi the positions this year. We want tei
who are willing to work for salaries ranging from $75 a month to $2,000 a
year. We are the pioneer Commercial Teachers' Agency. No fee for reg-
istration, Send 1 r registration blank at once that we may look after your
interests. '

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU, Tribune Building, New York City.
" ' Teachers for Good Schools." Established 1877.

News Notes.

P. E. Holley, the pen expert of Water-
bury, Conn., has just been successful in
winning a $333 piano offered by the
Yeager Piano Co. of that city to the
person writing "The Yeager Piano" on a
piece of paper or cardboard. 3x4 inches,
the largest number of times. Mr. Holley
wrote the sentence exactly 1.613 times",
the words being distinguished without
the aid of a magnifying glass. The
letters were neatly formed and they say
at the piano store that the work of Mr.
Holley is the best of the kind they have
ever seen. There were other contes-
tants, about 2.000 of them, and the rules-
of the contest called for the three words
being numbered consecutively, so that
the number alone took up considerable
space.

Some of the contestants wrote the
words as many as 1,500 times, while one
contestant wrote it only 36 times.

Let not your tongue outrun vour
thought. — Bias.

WANT "ADS"

WANTED— Commercial Teacher to give in-
struction in Penmanship -and Bookkeeping in
leading school in Central States. Fine op-
portunity for wideawake, energetic, competent
man of at least one year's experience. Give
full and detailed particulars in first letter.
Address, COMPETENT, care of Business

FOR SALE — Established business college In
Central States. Equipment paid for. Fine lo.
cation in small city. Two can handle. For
$1200. or would trade for good business in
south Central States. Address "Spring Bar-
gain," c/o Business Journal.

I'll; SALE— Business College in Middle
West. Growing city; good business point;
trunkline to Pacific coast with offices for three
divisions. If interested, write Middle West,
care of Business Journal.

Business College for Lease in city of 27,000;
splendid surrounding territory; established 12'
years; paying $;..000 to $S.000 yearly. A 1
equipment. Will lease or sell. A snap. Ad-
dress N. c/o Business Journal.

FOR SALE — A rare opportunity to buy an
established Massachusetts school that will
clean up $200(1.1111 to $5000.00 annually in
clear cash. Location and equipment the very
best. Price right. Address "Bargain," c/o-
Business Journal.

FOR SALE— A Business College in New

England territory of about 4.'). ooo people with
practically no competition. ( lid school in
g I standing anil paying handsomely. Lib-
eral terms for quick sale. Present owner has
other interests that demand attention. X. Y.
/.., c/o Business Journal.

COMMEICIAL TEACHERS WANTED in the Picih Nonhwetl

Attractive Positions -Good Salaries. High
Schools. Private Schools.

We Personally Recommend ITigh-Grade
Teachers of Penmanship, Bookkeeping, Short-
band. Typewriting.

It will pay good teachers who want lo come
to Register with us now. Write us to-day for

ition is Free. No Position, No Pay.
LINKS TEACHERS' AGENCY. A. T. Link. Manager. Boise. Idaho

WHY NOT GET THE BEST?

We receive tile best calls for Coiiinicnri.il .ind Shorthand

sonswtshlnitobui and sell Busuaeul ■ ■ > I ,- help

Inter-State Teachers' Agency. Pendlelon, Oregon

2H)i* Suamrsa Journal

The Moon-Hopkins Billing Machine.

For OVER FIFTY YEARS have

maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
of writing and 2 good pen-holders
sent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents.

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New York.

New and Remarkable Computing
Machine.

A machine that would take sub and
grand totals, make extensions and dis-
counts, take care of common and
decimal fractions, automatically total-
ize extensions as made, reduce pounds
to t< >n -. or bushels, and do typewrit-
ing, all in commercial form, would be
called remarkable. And yet Mich a
machine is now being made by the
Moon-Hopkins Milling Machine Com-
pany _ of St. Louis, Missouri. This
machine not only does the fundamen-
tal examples of commerce," but it does
them by a short process and in con-
ventional form. An invoice made out
on this machine is as correct in its
form as if done by an expert account-
ant.

The utility of this machine is also
greatly enlarged by the successful
combination of a standard typewriter
with its computing mechanism. Both
are under the control of one keyboard
and form an integral machine. The
computing mechanism is electrically
operated and all of its operations are
controlled by keys conveniently lo-
cated at the front of the machine. The
operator has no handle pulling or
counting to do; neither does he have
to bother with complements when
subtracting.

In making out bills of merchandise
on this machine, all the work includ-
ing the typewriter notations, the com-
putations and the discounts is done
line by line, the same as a letter is
written on a typewriter. There is no
resetting of the paper or backward
rotation of the platen. The machine
completes its work as it goes. These
features give to this machine an ex-
tensive field of usefulness.

GILLOTT'S PENS

. -*■"» .W'yJ'" »*S No. 604EF

— o^ttPH-J- J Double Ela,-

- mjLt±ti i i rnilllir tic Pen

No. 601 E Magnum Quill Pen
Sold by Stationers Everywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FIELD £ CO.. Agents, 93 Chambers St., N. T.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed for 50c. Send 2c. for circular

W P DUNN mEGE AVENUE
W. -C. ■L,UiNlN,jERSEY CITY. N.J

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, New York City.

Reliable
Salesmen Wanted!

We desire to secure the
Services of high-ir.de
Office Specialty Salesmen
everywhere, Exceptional op-
portunity and inducements
offered. An excellent mam
or profitable ;ide lim.

YOUR BRAIrvl

ARITHSTYLE AR1TH-MACH1NE s DUPLEX CHECKING SYSTEM

'It VCTICAl t'OSII'l Tl\<; MAC II] NK
A.I.U, Subtract*. Multiplier Dlvld. ■«.

igenu Uaote.ll . ARITHSTYLE COMPANY. Sulto

irl.ot In I. re-it ajid A » tragi* Jlothodi.
ggtt St. Arcade, -New York. BafOMl Booklet:

QIljc tBustnrBS Journal

For

Your
Scrapbook

I have for sale 3 5 superbly executed
specimens of off-hand nourishes by
A. H. Hinman, W. E. Dennis, and
E. L. Brown; Sheets 6x8; price 75c.
per sheet. Send one cent stamps.

E. M. HUNTS1NGER, Hartford, Conn.

BEAUTIFUL PENMANSHIP

A few prices for pen-work executed
by C. C. Guyett, 808 Ladner Ave.,
Buffalo, N. Y.
1 dozen cards written in ornate

style 25c

1 set business capitals 20c

1 set ornamental capitals 25c

Scrapbook specimen 25c

Agents wanted to take orders. Cir-
culars and samples will be sent for red
stamp. Write to-day.

The Becker-Smith School of
PENMANSHIP BY MAIL

with the greatest writing device ever
placed before the public. Write for par-
ticulars. FALL RIVER, MASS.

■tenti with each order. AtSENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS L" 17£"%,

kinds. Many new.
100 postpaid. 25c. Less for more. Ink. (.lossy Black or
Very Best White. 15c. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c. Gillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per doz. Lessons in Card
WritJnt. Circular lor stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN, PA.

d I'rni

inie. Write fur [rce book

I" Be ., I

beautiful specimens of penmanship and
then became stood pro
T.iinMvn swiii Your ii.tioe will he eleyant-
lv written on i card If you enclose Stamp.
404 MlYttK lit. DO. Kansas City. Mo.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolution* for Framing or Album Form
E. H. McGHEE box boi Trenton. N. J.

RASMUSSEN
Practical Business School

St. Paul, Minn.
Walter Rasmussen, Proprietor.

News Notes.

C. M. Miller, of Coudersport, Pa.,
sent us a letter under date of January
30th expressing his appreciation of
the different departments in the Feb-
ruary Journal. Expressions of this
kind serve to spur us on to greater
efforts.

"The last two issues of The Journal
have been exceedingly good." So
writes C. L. Newell, of Wood's
School, Brooklyn, N. Y.

There is one branch of our educa-
tional system, namely, kindergarten
work, which we feel is worthy of
more encouragement on the part of
the parents as well as teachers in all
grades of the public school. At the
age of four to six years a child's mind
is in a very receptive mood, and it is
possible at this time to give the child
a course of training that will not only
make it more docile in the subsequent
grades but will have a tendency to
develop the faculties to a point where
the real application of its mind to
study will prove a pleasure, thus in-
suring more rapid progress. We quote
below an extract from a pamphlet re-
ceived from the National Kindergar-
ten Association :

In 1910, $53,000,000 was given and
bequeathed to colleges in this country.
While we all take a justifiable pride
in this magnificent sum devoted to so
laudable a purpose, nevertheless,
those of us who realize how vitally
important, educationally and morally,
are the years between four and six,
cannot help feeling that something is
wrong, when, notwithstanding this
generosity, 4,000,000 little children of
our country, or more than ninety per
cent, of those of kindergarten age, are
without the privilege of kindergarten
training. This is specially lamentable
when we consider that in some sec-
tions our children average only a trifle
more than three years in schools, and
only six and one-half per cent, of our
school children go beyond the high
school.

Correspondence with foreign coun-
tries has shown that educators in
Europe have for years realized the
special value of education to the child,
and have considered it worth while to
provide suitable training, while in the
United States, only one State, Utah,
has passed a law making the kinder-
garten a part of its entire school sys-
tem.

H. D. Buck, proprietor of the Scran-
ton Business College, Scranton, Pa.,
having died recently, the school has
been purchased by Mr. Seeley of the
Lackawanna Business College, also of
that city. The two schools will be
combined, occupying the site of the
former. Mr. Seeley is to be congrat-
ulated, and we wish him every suc-
cess.

The Badger State Business College
and the Williams Business College,
both schools of Milwaukee, Wis., have
consolidated, and are now doing bus-
iness in one building.

"I enjoy my new field of labor very
much," writes M. A. Conner, who is
now with the Fisher's well-known school
at Winter Hill, Mass.," and." lie con-
tinues, "folks do say we have the best
school around Boston." We know the
Fisher Schools well and their thorough
manner of training, and can fully ap-
preciate Mr. Conner's enthusiasm.

BARNES'

The most interesting;, pedagogical, and
simple method of teaching die most prac-
tical style of Pitmanic

SHORTHAND

"Mrs. Panics is a Proercssivc. and has so far advanced
the standard as to render the work of the bland a rdizatioft
Committee unimportant." — M. L. Brandt.

Shorthand Teachers send for free paper-bound copy
of Brief tourse in Bena Pitman or Graham Shorthand.
Specify system, and gi«'e name of school.

THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO.
2201 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo.

£^

BE A BANKER

;|..,||.

Will

bi i

r, „ .. iilr.is.uit, liuiirs slturt. s.il.tr\ *ood. End-irscd

tdsarl, Alcorn | v ,„,!,„,, ...inkers. Very ton eot.t, easy
President payments. Write today for catalog:
tMr'KK'AM SCHOOL OK lU.VklMt.
137 irUsi ItltlB- Columbus. Ohio

Kimball's Commercial Arithmetic

Prepared for use in Normal,
Commercial and High Schools.

418 pages $1.00 net; by Mail $1.15

C P. PUTNAM'S SONS

2. 4, »nd 6 West 45th St., New York City.

(Earnrqtc (Unllrgc.

HOMF STUDY

COURSES TAUGHT BY MAIL

Grammar Agr.culture

Poultry
Domestic
Science
Civil Service
Engineering
Drawing
Language
Bool -Keeping English
100 branches from which to
iik «. ii. imti-l it select.

Work endorsed by prominent educators.
Thousands of students enrolled. Tuition only
$5.00 per year to first five students from each
post office. Typewriters rented and sold at
only $3.00 per month. This is your oppor-
tunity. Mav we send you full information?
Shall" we "do it now?" For "Special Tuition
Scholarship" apply at once to
CARNEGIE COLLEGE. No. 26 D Street. R.jers. Olio.

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489 — very soft

No. 400 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

r/e/vn S^~

% %\%\ %K

®Ijp Husinrss Jnuntal

Record Breaking Speed and Accuracy

WORLD'S TYPEWRITING CHAMPIONSHIP won on the

UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITERS

Once each year for six consecutive years, at the Annual Business Show, Madison Square
Garden, New York City, the World's Fastest Typewriter Operators have competed for the

WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP and $1,000.00 TROPHY.

EVERY contest EVERY year in EVERY class has been won on the UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER

and the following are the World's Championship Records, for one hour's writing
from unfamiliar matter, after five words were deducted for each and every error:

November 1st,
November 17th,
October 22nd,
September 30th,
October 27th,
October 26th,

The vvinni

1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911

Rose L. Fritz

H. O. Blaisdell

82
87
87
95
109
112

UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD
UNDERWOOD

operator may change but the winning machine is always THE UNDERWOOD

"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

OTHER RECORDS

In addition to these records, UNDERWOOD operators hold the World's Amateur Championship, the World's School
Championship — the English Championship, the Canadian Championship, as well as all other Official Championships.
The Official Record of the Underwood for one hour's work is 23 words per minute better than the best record of any
•ther competing machine.

The Underwood Typewriter Plant Is over 50 Per Cent Larger Than Any Other.
More Underwood Typewriters are Manufactured and Sold than any other Writing Machine in the World.

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Marcs. Cloth. Calendered paper.
SI 4 pp. Cuts and illustrations. 231 different Typewriting machines
fully described and illustrated. $2.00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome. Cloth. 230 pp. 64
pp. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shorthand discussed. $2.00.
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Influencing Men in Business, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
Illustrated. For personal or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, by II. C. Bentley, C. P. A. Buckram.
If.u pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. $3.00 postpaid.

Notional Penmanship Compendium. Lessons by Leslie, Courtney,
Moore, Dakin and Dennis. Paper, stiff cover. For Self-Instruction or
Schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities, special rates. Stamps
taken.

Corporate Organi:ation, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$3.00 postpaid.

The Every. Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
cents.

Day Wages Tables, bv the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 44 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushmg's Manual. The standard book on Parliamentary Law.
Should be in the hands of every man or woman. 226 'pages. Postpaid.
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping. A practical work on single
and double entry bookkeeping. With all forms and tables. Cloth. 138
pp. Postpaid $1.75.

Gaskclls Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
of Penmanship. G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

Ropp's New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1.600.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. 70 points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
fifty 2-ct. stamps; Pocket edition, twenty live 2 ct. stamps.

Thompson's Modern Show Card Lettering, Designs, Etc. Buy it and
learn all pen-lettering, brush lettcrinc. automatic pen-shading work, with
all designing. Up-to-date. Captivating, useful in business. Fifty 2-ct.

Financing an Enterprise, by Francis Cooper.
Two vols. How to finance and promote new <
helped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

Buckr

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 423
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
' in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Corporate Finance and Accounting, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A.
Buckram. 500 pages. The concrete knowledge of the practical, finan-
cial and Vgal sides of corporation accounting and treasurership. $4.00
postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 68»
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flic/singer's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

Tavlor's Compendium. The best work of a superior penman; 24
slips for self-instruction. Postpaid 26c.

The Book of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Engrossing contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers. More examples of magnificent engrossing than in all
other books combined. Superb new volume, 9 x 12. Regular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 50c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid 10c.

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery, bv D. T. Ames. Its detection and illustration; 300-page
book, tlie standard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all
the Courts. Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Fortv Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Albert S. Osborn. 525 pages, 200 illus-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers ot penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price,
$2.50.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price, $3.75.
Courtney Method of Detecting Forgery and Raised Checks. Price,
$1.50.

lllllllllllllllllllllillliliiillilillilililllliiiiiiiiiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiH 111 Him iiiiiiiiiiiii

Talks by

Miss Remington:

Do You Know That

Three-Quarters of a Million

Remington Typewriters are in use today — more than
any other make, and more than many others combined?

There are many reasons why it pays best to learn
the Remington, but this reason — the Three-Quarters of
a Million reason — includes all the others.

The Remington is the typewriter in widest use,
therefore the principal demand is always for Remington
operators.

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere

l —

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^llaija^hic of
iumne^ ClfiriEitru

j ♦ #

lUje IBusmrss Journal

READY SOON

BOOKKEEPING

(THE MOORE AND MINER SERIES)
By George W. Miner, Commercial Department, Westfield, Mass., High School

This is a new work based upon and growing out of the former text, "Accounting and Busi-
ness Practice," by John H. Moore and George W. Miner. It will be issued in four forms as follows:
The INTRODUCTORY COURSE. (Published March 15, 1912.)

is designed for schools that offer a course in the fundamentals of bookkeeping, including the
standard books and accounts, the modern use of a bank account, and the common forms of
business practice, with an elementary treatise on drafts.
The INTRODUCTORY and INTERMEDIATE COURSE

gives double the amount of work contained in the introductory book and develops the work
in detail.
The COMPLETE COURSE

offers, in addition to the material found in the Introductory and Intermediate Course, fur-
ther work in special accounts and their subdivisions; the use of the special columns and
subsidiary books, together with an up-to-date manufacturing-corporation set.
The BANKING SET is published in separate form.

GINN AND COMPANY

Boston

Atlanta

;w York

alias

Chicago

Columbus

London

San Francisco

"Cost Accountancy for Manufacturing"

is the title of the Cost Set of "Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy." Cost accounting was an
unknown subject to the rank and file of teachers one year ago. Today it is presented for the first
tune in a concrete form that is so simple that the ordinary school-boy can understand it, and yet so
scientific and complete that it is ample to meet the requirements of the largest manufacturing estab-
lishment. The demand for sample copies has been so great that we have been compelled to provide a
special examination copy of the budget, which will be supplied to teachers upon request.

"RICHARDSON'S COMMERCIAL LAW"

continues to be the standard and popular work on the subject, as it has been for years. It is the
simplest, the most teachable, the most understandable text in print, and it supplies the best material
for the training of young nun to intelligently conduct their business so as to avoid legal pitfalls and
mistakes. It is simple enough for the student to understand; it is technical enough to command the
preference of trained attorneys and counsellors-at-law. It is a book that was written by a man who
thousands of students in the subject, and who knows school-room requirements.

BALTIMORE

7/fe /-f.^ru/T^ousz/So.

MARYLAND

57 U>jyy) 5 -^

k % • •

Ullir Hustttrss Journal 3

77ie Isaac Pitman Shorthand

Once More Chosen as THE BEST

After due investigation into the merits of the different systems of shorthand the Isaac Pitman

has been selected for the New Central Commercial and Manual

Training High School of Newark, N. J.

"Course in

Isaac Pitman

Shorthand"

$1.50

and

"A Practical

Course in

Touch

Typewriting"
have been
adopted.

Send for

Particulars

of a

FREE

Correspondence

Course

for
Teachers.

Central Commercial and Manual Training High School of Newark, N. J.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, 2 West 45th Street, New York

Typewriting Results That Count

Over lOO Net Words a Minute in Less than 20 Months

In September 1909. Miss Bessie Friedman, who was then but fourteen years of age. began the study of type-
writing from A PRACTICAL COURSE IN TOUCH TYPEWRITING. On October 25, 1910, she took part in
the World's Novice Championship held at Madison Square Garden and succeeded in writing at the rate of 81 net
words a minute for 15 minutes thus beating the best previous World's Record by 8 net words a minute. Then, on
April 22 1911 just to show that she posseses THE KIND OF SPEED THAT GETS RESULTS. Miss Fried-
man won the Typewriting Championship of New York City, writing OVER 100 NET WORDS A MINUTE for
15 minutes MISS FRIEDMAN IS THE ONLY AMATEUR TYPIST WITH A COMPETITION RECORD
OF OVER 100 NET WORDS A MINUTE. Read her opinion of A Practical Course in Touch Typewriting.

"The exercises in 'A Practical Course in Touch Typewriting' are carefully graded, and so ar-
ranged that one makes rapid progress and overcomes difficulties almost without being conscious of them.
I believe the methods employed produce 'he verv best results that can be desired. In my own case I was
able to win two championships, writing in competition over 100 net words a minute in less than twenty
months from the time I first began the study of typewriting. I heartily recommend A Practical Course
to all who wish to thoroughly master touch typewriting, and are looking for a text hook which gives the
right start." — Bessie Friedman.

THE REASON

A PR\CTIC\L COURSE IN TOUCH TYPEWRITING produces winners is because it is the most constructive
System in typewriting ever devised. It follows the line of least resistance, so that the student becomes a skilful
operator with a minimum amount of effort. IT TRAIN'S ALL Till-: FINGERS ALL THE TIME The
fingers are trained first on those kevs over which they are naturallv held when in their normal position. 11 lb
SCIENTIFICALLY AND PEDAGOGICALLY CORRECT.

NOW READY Tenth Edition Entirely Reset, Revised and Improved and Printed from New Plates.
Stiff Paper Covers. 50c: cloth, 75c. Teachers' examination copy, postpaid, 31c. and 50c. respectively. Mention
school. Adopted by the New York and Boston High Schools.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, 2 West 45th Street, NEW YORK

4 Giljr Susmrss Journal

Clerical

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in Advance

It solves the business practice problem in a NEW WAY.
No Expensive Equipment.

No drudgery for the Teacher.

No time-wasting Confusion.

CLERICAL SERVICE CHECKS IT-
SELF: there is a DOUBLE CHECK on
every business paper.

It is a course for beginners and works under
all kinds of schoolroom conditions.

It does NOT require advanced students to
keep it moving.

It applies the new doctrine of "Scientific

Management" to the schoolroom commercial
work.

Clerical Service is a MONEY-SAVER

and a STUDENT-GETTER.

Don't let your competitor "beat you to it."
Write us TO-DAY.

Goodyear-Marshall Publishing Company

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA

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20 Reasons why you should purchase

THE No. 12 MODEL

I . Visible Writing. 2. Interchangeable Type. 3. Lightest Touch

4. Least Key Depression. 5. Perfect & Permanent Alignment.
6. Writing in Colors. 7. Least Noise. 8. Manifolding Capacity.
9. Uniform Impression. 10. Best Mimeograph Work.
1 1. Any Width of Paper Used. 12. Greatest Writing Line.
13. Simplicity of Construction. 14. Greatest Durability.
15. Mechanical Perfection. 16. Back Space Attachment.
17. Portability. 18 Least Cost for Repairs. 19. Perfect Escape-
ment. 20. Beauty of Finish. WtHe for Catalog

The Hammond Typewriter Co.

NEW YORK, U. S. A.

Summer Normal Session of

GREGG SCHOOL

CHICAGO

The summer training course for teachers will
be conducted under the personal direction of
Mr.. John Robert Gregg, author of Gregg Short-
hand.

The rapid growth in popularity of Gregg
Shorthand creates a constant demand for
trained teachers of the system.

Last year the system was adopted by more
than four hundred schools, among them more
than one hundred high schools.

Teachers' Certificates will be issued to those
passing the examinations.

Whether you already have a good position or
want one, the summer normal course is bound
to be a profitable investment.

,SY//</ for descriptive circular.

GREGG SCHOOL, CHICAGO

JOHN ROBERT GREGG, President

57 Lpyry) 5 "-?-

iii

i • » % • %

% « % « «

(£Ijp Husincii3 Journal

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

ScientificTouch Typewriting will do this for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

The Folder System is designed especially for rmall
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
you have examined the National.

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

Modern Corporation Accounting

Is an advanced bookkeeping set of exceptional merit.
Note the following features:

(1) It emphasizes the accounting which is peculiar to cor-
porations. Opening entries and closing entries are made lo
illustrate not one, but many conditions.

(2) The large use of accounting problems greatly adds to
its effectiveness and attractiveness. Through the use of sim-
ple diagrams, the inter-relation of accounts in these problems
is made clear to the eye as well as to the intellect.

(3) It takes into consideration varying state laws, and can
be safely and profitably used in any state.

(4) The voucher system is illustrated and used.

f5) The student is assumed to be familiar with ordinary
forms, and is required to make out only such papers as illus-
trate distinctively corporation features.

(6) Its simplicity and clearness make easy a subject usu.
ally considered hard.

Xo bookkeeping course is complete without corpora-
tion accounting. No better work can be found than
Modern Corporation Accounting.

Write for further information.

LYONS & CARNAHAN

Successors to J. A. LYONS & CO.

623 S. Wabash Ave.
CHICAGO

1133 Broadway
NEW YORK

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A TEXTBOOK OF

DISTINCTIVE AND SURPASSING MERIT

Graham's
Amanuensis Phonography

used in the stenographic classes in the

School of Industrial Arts,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

and leading Normal Schools

It is accurate

It trains in outline building

It holds the pupils' interest

It decreases the teacher's work.

Price, $1.25, postpaid.

ANDREW J. GRAHAM & CO.

BENN PITMAN
PHONOGRAPHY.

THE STANDARD
SHORTHAND SYSTEM.

It Leads
In the Government Service.
In the Reporting of Law Courts.
In General Use in Business Offices.
In the Public High Schools.
In Private Commercial Schools.
In Parochial and Institutional Schools.

Publisht by

The Phonographic Institute Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Penn lYl'MAN, Founder.

Jerome it. Howard, President.

ents please menti<

SJljc Suainrs3 Journal

NOW READY

Fritz & Eldridge's Expert Typewriting

Textbook and Pad of Business Forms

A large octavo volume of 180 pages, based
on the touch system of typewriting. It contains,
among the many other topics treated in its forty
chapters, keyboard drills, word, phrase and fig-
ure drills, full-page letters, forms of address,
business terms and abbreviations; with complete
instruction in filing, card systems, billing, tabu-
lation, corporation and legal forms, trial tran-
scripts, complete specifications, and auditors' re-
ports; twenty-five speed articles; and a complete
day's work for a typewriter operator.

The most comprehensive, clear, and practical
volume of the kind ever published, carefully
prepared by the winner of thirteen consecutive
Championship Typewriter Contests, and the head
of the Department of Secretarial Studies of Sim-
mons College.

A postcard will bring you full information
on this book, which is indispensable to every
typewriter teacher, student or operator.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

IMPORTANT TO MUNSON TEACHERS AND LEARNERS!

Just from the press, SELECTIONS FROM LINCOLN'S SPEECHES AND LETTERS, a reading
book of up-to-date Munson Phonography, beautifully engraved, carefully printed, substantially bound in cloth,
ll!8 pages, postpaid .75

HOW TO MAKE A LIVING, likewise a new Munson reading book, 136 pages, postpaid .75

PRACTICAL PHONOGRAPHY, a complete text-book of Munson Phonography, simple, direct, and
eminently practical, 233 pages 1.00

PHONOGRAPHIC EXERCISE BOOK, to be used in conjunction with "Practical Phonography," con-
taining some 2500 words and phrases in longhand as they occur in the text-book, with space for phonographic
outlines and teacher's corrections, postpaid .30

A sample copy of any or all of the foregoing books will be sent to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, upon receipt of one-half the retail price.

SOME OF
THE OTHER

One Hundred Lessons in English

PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

$1.00

$0.30

Prepared to meet the requirements of commercial
■cbools, and intended to provide students with those
essentials of practical English required in business
intercourse. Especially adapted to the teaching of
correspondence.

Packard's Progressive Business Prac-
tice» four numbers, each,

The New Packard Commercial Arith-
metic - $1.50

Recognized as the standard work on the subject.

The Packard Commercial Arithmetic,

School Edition - - $1.00

Packard's Short Course in Bookkeep-
ing .... $1.00

Packard's Advanced Course in Book-
keeping .... $1.25

Both remarkable for their clearness and practical
character.

Packard's Bank Bookkeeping' - $ 1 .25

A reliable exposition of banking as carried on at
the present day.

LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO SCHOOL

Any of the above books will be sent to teachers, f*r em-
aminatton, upon very reasonable terms.
Correspondence invited.

S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

57 Li>yrn 5 -^

»%«%*%

-) THE \ .-rs—

ISIMSSSllll

36th Year

APRIL, 1912

No. 8

HOW MUCH SYSTEM?

By Don E. Mowry.

(By Permission of the Ronald Press < !o., New York, i

USINESS methods and systems play an important
part in the daily routine of the average manager
or office superintendent. Costs are known; raw
materials are purchased at a saving of the small-
est fraction, and an absolute check is registered
against the time of each employe to insure his prompt ar-
rival each day. Frequently in an effort to "keep things mov-
ing." in the financial sense of the word, all manner of sys-
tems are installed, and these may, but sometimes do not.
result in a saving to the establishment.

An electrical concern, with branch offices in seven im-
portant cities, uses a seven copy order system so that each
branch may be informed of all sales at any one office. An
order clerk in each establishment copies these sales and the
carbon copy is then filed away fur reference— perhaps. Gen-
uine onion skin paper is used for this particular work; though
other paper, that would serve just as well, could be secured
at a saving of $100 per thousand sets. The system is not
needed, though the concern absolutely refuses to be con-
vinced of this fact.

Another concern, manufacturing engines, had at one time
one man employed in their office for every twenty-eight men
working in their shops. Something was wrong.

"How many men do you employ here?" I asked the gen-
eral manager.

"Between six hundred and twenty-five and seven hundred,'-'
he replied, "but at present wc have exactly six hundred and
sixty men in the shops and twenty-five in the office."

I told him I did not know anything about his factory, but he
certainly had too many men in his office. He felt sure be
needed all of them and told me what each was doing.
"Just what I thought," I remarked.
"What was that?" be replied immediately.
"Too much system."

Of course, he did not understand that he was needlessly
00 many different card systems He did not realize that
his particular business did nol demand an elaborate set of cost
cards because the costs in his particular line were confined
within certain narrow margins. Detailed selling records were
likewise a minor matter t < i him, because his establishment
did a contract business, exclusively. Under these conditions
he had the necessary equipment for a million-dollar estab-
lishment fighting for business in the open market.

This manager was enterprising in the extreme; in fact, he
was employed because he was up-to-date. But up-to-date,
according to his business philosophy, meant "system." and
he had not stopped to figure that he might overload himself
with system.

The owner of a large confectionery store recently install-
ed a bill cabinet at a cost of $160, making it possible for him

to turn at a glance and find any customer's bill. I asked
him if this expense was worth while, since he still employed
his regular bookkeeping force and the "ready reference" to
his customers' accounts was but seldom really necessary. He
admitted that the cabinet might be a little expensive for his
business.

On the other hand, the manager of a large evening daily
cannot be induced to establish a check on his subscriptions.
All subscriptions are kept on slips placed in route books. No
other records are kept. When the office clerk is asked by
Mrs. Smith how much she owes for the paper, she is compell-
ed to look at the city map for the number of the route— if
she knows where Mrs. Smith lives— then she goes to the
route book, and, if the collector is not out with it making col-
lections, runs over slip after slip until she discovers Mrs.
Smith's name. If the office clerk does not know where Mrs.
Smith lives, she must ask her— to the astonishment of Mrs.
Smith— and then take up her search for the account. Mrs.
Smith, in the meantime, is waiting. If the route book is out,
Mrs. Smith will be asked to pay what she wants to pay, on ac-
count.

The manager was told that he ought to put in a duplicate
subscription list and arrange it by letter so that when a sub-
scriber called, the clerk would turn instantly to the account
on the slip or card, credit the customer there, and then credit
the; route book, or, if he wished, and this was the better
suggestion, require the collectors to turn in their cash and
maintain credits only on the office cards. This extension of
his system would save time and prevent possible shortages
and reduce complications in the subscription ace. Hints. Fifty
dollars would have copied Ins entire list completely.

"Oh, well," the manager's reply to all this was, "if a
man is going to be dishonest, he will find a way somehow."

These instances illustrate the divergencies of opinion as
to what really constitutes a practical business system, so im-
portant in making the routine of tin 'V and effic-
ient. It is likewise clear to those of us who are giving the
subject of office equipment serious study that in many es-
tablishments where improved systems have been inaugurated
without giving particular attention to the special require-
ments of the office, there is an urgent need for better busi-
ness organization.

How much system should you have? That, of course, de-
pends upon your business. To answer the question, I must
a-k you what you are doing? How you are conducting
your business now? Then I can give you my personal opin-
if your particular business. It", however, you will make
a personal study of a few of the devices which are now coming
into general use. keeping your own business in mind all the
time. I have no doubt but that you can devise a way of in-
creasing your office efficiency almost as well as could the
expert in this line.

Cl/hp Suainras Journal

You are in close touch with your own administrative prob-
lems, and your judgment as to their solution should, with a
reasonable knowledge of the possibilities, be fully as good
as that of one who is familiar with numerous devices. Be-
cause a competitor, in a similar line, has installed this or that
device, do not take it for granted that your business demands
the same system. Know your own business and mould your
office devices according to it, and not according to the re-
quirements— which may be vastly different — of some other
office.

The question of office system is one which has attracted
much attention in late years, and it is going to attract more
and more attention as its place and purpose become more
fully understood. It is not so much the system as the busi-
ness. Study your business and mould your system to it. Busi-
ness without system, and the methods which go to make up
system, turns trade or sales, as the case may be, away from
your establishment ; too much system ruins the efficiency
of the office and is an expensive luxury. Introduce just so
much as is necessary to secure the greatest efficiency of your
office force and the most effective operation of your business,
and no more.

ON TO SPOKANE.

ILE it is yet early in the year to think of vaca-
tion time, yet when the goal is so far removed
from some of us it is not too early to begin
planning for a trip which promises to be, both
in the trip itself and the objects to be obtained,
the great event of the year along educational lines!
For more than a year committees have been at work plan-
ning and arranging "for the meeting of the National Commer-
cial Teachers' Federation at Spokane, Washington, July 15-
19. A spirit of co-operation has taken hold of the several
commercial teachers' organizations and with one accord their
officers and members are doing what they can toward making
the next meeting a splendid success.

The several sections of the Federation, are active. The
Shorthand Section was the first to present its program and
if it is a specimen of what we may hope from the other sec-
tions, we can be sure of one of the real treats of a lifetime.
The Penmanship Section program is already out and pub-
lished and, in a comparatively short time we will have the
reports from the other sections. H. C. Rlair. Chairman
of the Committee of Arrangements, is working toward the
Federation program and the local entertainment. We are as-
sured by letters just received from him. that we are to have
an address by the Governor of the State of Washington and
another by James J. Hill. These in themselves are enough
to show what the rest of the program may be. There will
be -ight-seeing days in Spokane, public receptions, general
literary and musical programs furnished by the local talent,
special programs on Wednesday by the Central Teachers' As-
sociation and on Thursday by the Gregg Shorthand Associa-
tion.

Abundant means of transportation is being provided. Mr.
Faust and his Spokane Club have chosen the Rex Tour and
by addressing him at Chicago, or E. F. Gaylord, at Beverly,
Mass.. information relative to their plans may be secured. It
is their purpose to give you a choice of several routes on
the American Plan scheme. That is. one flat purchase pays
air carfare, your meals, your Pullman, and all regular
expenses incident to travel. In addition to 'his route [have
with very much thought and upon consulting with a great
many of our people, arranged an itinerary for the northern
route, going by Denver. Surely a L'h>rinus trip at that Ma-
son of the year! Information relative to this plan of travel
can be obtained from the writer, from the Northern Pacific
R. R, Co., at Chicago, or from any agent of any of the Cen-
tral Passenger Association or Eastern Passenger Association
1";' are not in conflict but are arranged in

such a manner that you can have ynur exact choice of route
■t "i.,i the officers of the Federation which route

you take but it is a matter of concern to us as to whether
you are going to Spokane or not. We want you, we need you
stem teachers should arrange to come a little early if
Me and attend the meeting of the X. E. A. at Chi
Juh B I .'tli They can leave Chicago on the evening of July
11th and arrive in Spokane in time for our convention. Leav-
pokane we will visit all of the principal cities of the
Inland Empire and return by way of Portland. Salt Lake

Colorado Springs, and Denver. The round trip fare from
Chicago is §G5.

If 1 can be of any service to you in the matter of choosing
routes or if I can give any information relative to special
features of the convention, do not hesitate to write me and 1
in turn, will very much appreciate it if you will write me
stating that you are to be with us. Time, thought, effort, and
money are being expended in the name of and for the good
of Business Education. Aid us by your co-operation.

Morton" MacCurmac,
Pres. National Commercial Teachers' Federation

ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS REWARD.

The First National Bank of To-morrow will pay the above
reward to any teacher who after having attended the conven-
tion of the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association at Al-
bany, April 4-6, 1912, can truthfully say he has not realized
a profit that far more than compensated for the expense in-
volved. Just look at the program that has been arranged !
It is a feast that is not often prepared. From soup to nuts
there is no room for improvement, and you may partake of it
at a very slight expense. The motto of the Three Musketeers,
"One for all, and all for one," will be the watchword. It is
most becoming, especially for early Spring wear, and it will
be found strongly in evidence around the Hotel Ten Eyck.
And oh, what an exceptional chance will be offered the ladies
to display that beautiful Easter chapeau !

Do not forget the fact that it will be three hundred and
sixty-five days before such a wealth of good things will be
offered again, and remember to

"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,

Old Time is still a-flying,
And this same flower that smiles to-day,
To-morrow will be dying."

SPECIAL RATES TO ALBANY.

For the accommodation of delegates and others who will
be in attendance at the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Asso-
ciation meeting to be held at Albany, N. Y., April 4-6th,
the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad will place
special Pullman parlor cars and day coaches in their train
No. 3 (The Fast Mail) Thursday. April 4th. This train
leaves Grand Central Terminal (43rd Street & Lexington Ave-
nue), at 8.45 A. M., 125th Street 8.57 A. M., and arrives Al-
bany 12.** Noon. The parlor car seat fare from New York
City to Albany is 75 cents. Those desiring reservations should
communicate at once with W. V. Lifsey, General Eastern
Passenger Agent, 1215 Broadway, New York (telephone 6310
Madison Square).

The Trunk Line Passenger Association has named a rate
of one fare and three fifths on the certificate plan. Dele-
gates when purchasing tickets must secure from the ticket
agent a certificate which will be their authority for the three-
fifths fare returning. These certificates must be validated by
the Trunk Line agent who will be in attendance at the meet-
ing, and a fee of 25 cents will be charged for this service.

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.

F. M. Huntsinger, Huntsinger Business School, Hartford.
Conn.

C. G. Prince, American Rook Co., New York.

Roy F. Fuller. Reporter, Chicago, 111.

C. H. Larsh, Miner's Business Academy, Brooklyn, X. Y

G. F. Van Buskirk, Newark, X. J.

J. C. Kennedy. Agt. Standard Folding Typewriter. Newark,
X. J.
J. C. Kane. Drake School, New York City.
J. D. Cully. Merrill College. So. Norwalk. Conn.

CHANCJK OK AIIIIKKSS — Sabarrlrem within* la h».r their
magazine* tent Id a new aridrrna ahoalfl notify uh promptly, rlr-
Inir the old i .1 .1 r. — and aprrifyinE the edition, whellier Neva •»

Itn- r Nntl.e. miikl he received one full month In mlvanrr. that

all . - may he eerelted. I>„ not bother the Hnhher or learner

• ho aent In your .i.l.-rr'pt Ion. hut write In ihi. offlie dlreet

57 Lpjrri 5 ■?-

j • % % • % ' • ■ %

Zl]t Hustttraa ilmunal

CAN A MAN LEARN TO BE A SALESMAN ?

By N. Hawkins.
(By permission of Ronald Press Co., New York Citj I

XE of the draughtsmen in our organization re-
cently asked me "if a man could learn to be a
salesman," to which I replied, "a man with the
'stuff' in him could learn to be anything, if he
studied and applied himself to the new vocation."
Some people believe that "a salesman is born — not made."
Such an opinion is apt to be expressed when observing some
particularly brilliant success that has been made, but which
is really an insolated case, and an exception rather than the
rule. The "born salesman" is usually a spasmodic salesman.
As a rule, he is not evenly balanced, and his results are an
uncertain question for his employer to place the greatest de-
pendence upon when figuring on output and general expenses.
I prefer the steady grinder; the man who works — who is
going after business every minute and who has some creative
ideas regarding how to line up prospects and then close them
for the full list price, with no promise beyond the Company
(iuarantee. Give me the salesman who is never satisfied with
even his biggest day's business, but whose results show a
healthy and continuous increase every week in the year. Give
me a man with a good backbone, susceptible to instruction,
■willing to absorb or sweat it in, and a disposition to obey
orders, and I will assume the responsibility of his becoming
a thoroughly successful salesman.

It is true that any man must have a foundation upon which
to build — the parts of which should be intelligence, education,
appearance, persistence, application, self-control, diplomacy,
good habits and stick-to-it-iveness. None of these are gifts,
but rather accomplishments that can be developed more or
less, according to the individual. Set your target up and
shoot at it until you hit the bull's eye. Do not be satisfied
with shots that hit the outer lines, but only the ones that ring
the bell. A successful sales force in any organization should
work as a unit. Interests being identical, they should also be
mutual. Without perfect harmony, the best results can not
he expected. Occasional meeting for a friendly interchange
of ideas is money well expended. A Clearing House of
thoughts in every business employing a large force of men.
for gathering information from each and disseminating it to
all, cannot fail to produce beneficial results.

Salesmen, as a rule, are apt to travel certain well-beaten
paths, and after a while find themselves running in a rut.
The only difference between a grave and a rut is the depth
and width. At this time, a hint, a word of advice, a knowl-
edge of how others are handling similar propositions, gives
new light, new life, new experience, and they return to work
stronger factors for the problems to be met and mastered.

We are none of us original. Usually what we own we
enjoy by inheritance or acquisition from others. We are
-imply telling an old story in a new way, modifying it to meet
existing conditions and injecting our own personality into
the telling. Xo one man can claim a monopoly of all the
qualifications for successful salesmanship, but knowledge is
power, and he who bas the most of it, coupled with the best
ability to utilize it. enjoys advantages that should contribute
largely to bis success. The Scientific Salesman studies his
own character as well as the peculiarities of his customer.
He knows his own weaknesses or faults and tries to over-
come them. The high-grade salesman is always polite. Polite-
ness may not secure business, but I have never known it to
hurt the chances of getting it. A salesman should not only
study how to secure business, hut also bow to avoid losing it.
Absolute self-control is a most important factor. Methods
that are acceptable to one customer might be most objec-
tionable to another. One man may be greeted with an out-
stretched hand, another would consider this an act of fam-

iliarity and an affront to his dignity — here is where dis-
crimination must be displayed.

Cultivating the memory for names and faces — being shrewd
but not deceitful, studying the goods you offer for sale, famil-
iarizing yourself with the goods and methods of your com-
petitors, never taking no for an answer — when not selling,
thinking, devising new plans and schemes for finding pros-
pects or obtaining business, keeping in close touch with the
Home Office, seeking the company's confidence and g
yours, never satisfied with what you have done but always
trying to do more ; these are a few things denoting the
qualified salesman.

There is no such motto as "Good Enough." "Better Still"
is more indicative of the hustler. I believe all salesmen
should work for commissions rather than salaries. You can
pick out a commission salesman every time you meet one.
He is always on the job — chasing every prospect, going after
everything in sight and working long after the salaried men
have rung out and gone to home or pleasure. He usually
gets the long price for goods — doesn't offer special induce-
ments to make sales. Giving away goods doesn't constitute
salesmanship any more than does selling them at the least
possible profit.

High-class, scientific salesmanship can be acquired by dili-
gent, patient and persistent effort and study, and any sales-
man who will apply himself in this direction will not only be
constantly and profitably employed, but will rise in the esti-
mation of his employers, his customers, and most of all, him-
self.

SOME -DON'TS" FOR THE OFFICE MAN.

Don't chew gum; it is an unsightly habit.

Don't use slang; shows your vocabulary is limited, and
that you have a poor command of the English language.

Don't find fault; adapt yourself to your surroundings.

Don't come in late; you are taking something that does not
belong to you, namely, your employer's time.

Don't waste stationery; would you go to the safe and take
out some postage stamps and throw them in the waste
basket?

Don't whistle, sing or make any other unnecessary noise;
shows lack of concentration of mind on your work, and dis-
tracts the attention of the other employees.

Don't have your friends call you up at the office ; the tele-
phone is installed for business purposes only.

Don't attend to your private correspondence during busi-
ness hours; spend your leisure time in learning the business.

Don't waste time in idle chatter; office harmony is dis-
rupted thereby.

Don't attempt to climb by undermining a fellow employee;
it's a dangerous ladder, and you are the one who will suffer
in the end.

Don't evade responsibility; if you make a mistake, shoul-
der the blame — and profit by the experience.

Don't fawn ; stand or fall on your merits ; fawning is
nothing more or less than one form of bribery.

Don't notify your employer you are ill and then spend the
afternoon at the ball game or the theatre; your employer
will not brook untruthfulness.

Don't watch the clock: the man who works by the clock is
generally paid by the clock.

Don't shirk: a shirker is a drifter; gets nowhere and ac-
complishes nothing.

Don't betray your employer by making his business affairs
public; a traitor is the most despised of men.

Don't fear you will do more than you are paid for doing;
give your employer the best service at your command or
you will injure your own chances by lowering your capacity
for work.

J • *

SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING.

SOME LITTLE ADVICES.
By William D. Bridge.

As one of the simplest principles of speed-making in short-
hand is "phrasing," which, when well-used is of great power,
the beginner might well begin the use of the principle by
taking the little word "I" and making it the subject of as
many phrases as possible — I do, I will, I am, I shall, I think,
I know, I was, I had, I will be, I will have, I shall have, I
think so, I had been, etc., etc. Then take the simple word
"We," and join it to the same words, as far as possible. In
like manner, joined outlines with "He," "She," and "They"
will fix in mind scores more of similar and everyday expres-
sions.

Again, take the word "There," or the same outline form
for "Their," and add to this outline as many simple words
as possible, thus : There are, There will be, There should be,
There has been, There may, There is, There was, There had
been, There could be, There would be, etc., etc. Their own,
Their- will, Their advantage.

A few of the 56 prepositions in the English language are:
About, Above, Among, Around, Before, Beside or Besides,
By, Concerning, (Sarn), Down, During, For, From, In, Into,
On, Over, Since, To, Toward, Through, Under, Up, Upon,
With, Within, Without. Now take this series of words and
begin with the first and see how many simple and plainly
legible phrases you can make, such as : About it, About
that, About this, About you, About such, About our, About
me, About many, About many such, About people, About
your letters, About our letters, About these things, etc. Then
the next word : Above it, Above them, Above you, Above
that, etc. And so on.

The teacher who fails to teach phrasing, at least in this sim-
ple use of the principle, deprives his pupil of his greatest
speed-instrument. Phrase word-signs very early in your
study.

THE DICTOGRAPH.

At a bribery trial held last year in Ohio evidence was in-
troduced which had been secured in an unusual manner.
By means of a device, which had recently been invented by a
Long Island man, detectives who had been working on the
case presented what was claimed to be the actual language
that was used when the alleged bribery occurred. This new
invention was the dictograph, and it has since been used very
successfully in securing evidence against lawbreakers. De-

% 1

■ ! **' 9

The Dictograph in the business office. Transmitter placed
in the correspondent's desk.

Burns employei a count in waking up

the case against the McNamara brothers, and also in securing

evidence that was presented at the trial of a United States

senator.

The dii so simple in construction as to make it

the same features as the telephone, namely, a transmitter, re-
ceiver and wires to connect them. The transmitter is so
constructed that it is not necessary to stand within a few
inches of it when talking, as is the case with the telephone.
This is made possible by means of a powerful diaphragm
which augments the sound waves. When it is desired to
secure evidence against a person, the dictograph is installed
by secreting the transmitter in the room or office of the sus-
pected party. Wires are then laid connecting the transmitter
with the receiver, which is located in another part of the
building, and an expert stenographer is stationed at the re-
ceiver to report the conversations that occur in the room con-
taining the transmitter.

This device is now being used quite extensively in commer-
cial lines, as it gives the business man more privacy, and pre-
vents eaves-dropping when he is talking, by reason of the
fact that there is no way of securing a connection with the
wire he is conversing over. The transmitter is placed in his
office and connects with the offices of the various depart-
ment heads and stenographers. Considerable time is saved
thereby, as he is enabled to deliver his instructions or dictate
his correspondence without having the person addressed ap-
pear in person.

THEY ARE ALL GONE.

The family of which Sir Isaac Pitman was the widest
known is now no more on earth. When our beloved Benn
Pitman passed from life a year ago last December, there
was left but one of the original family, a sister, Mrs. Mary
Webster, and she passed to the other life February 11th, aged
87 years.

Sir Isaac Pitman was the third of a large family, consist-
ing of the following, Melissa (Mrs. Pryor, later Mrs. Janes),.
born in 1809 and died in 1864: Jacob, born 1810, died 1890;'
Isaac, born 1813, died 1897; Abraham, born 1814, died 1829;
Roselle, born 1816, died 1898; Joseph, born 1818, died 1895;
Jane (Mrs. Hunt), born 1820, died 1896; Benjamin (Benn),
born 1822, died 1910; Mary (Mrs. George Webster), born
1824, died Feb. 11, 1912; Henry, born 1826, died 1909; Fred-
erick, born 1828, died 1886. It is well to have these facts
concerning a very celebrated family, of whom several have
been known the wide world over.

It was the great pleasure of the writer to have met and
had delightful acquaintance with Sir Isaac, Roselle, Jo-
seph, Jane, Benn, Mary and Henry. The writer has also
enjoyed very greatly a continuous correspondence with the
last surviving member of the family. Mrs. Webster, during
the past year, the letters being full of chatty gossip about
the brothers and sisters and herself, and the photograph re-
ceived from herself was reproduced and published by Jerome
B. Howard in his Phonographic Magazine.

Of the members of the family, three at least were cremated,
Sir Isaac, Benn and the late Mrs Webster, who was incin-
erated at Golder's Green, February 16th, 1912. The death an-
nouncement card received by us from the family of Mrs.
Webster is beautifully prepared, the motto on the first page
being, "He giveth His beloved -!

Mrs. Webster, in her girlhood was one of the earliest short-
hand pupils of Isaac and Benn. and her husband (the late
George Webster), became a very notable shorthand reporter,
retiring at an advanced age on a pen-ion given him by the
establishment he had so faithfully served for many years,
W was most natural. Mrs. Webster never lost her interest
in the art Pitmanic, and a large part of her correspondence
till the very latest years was by her conducted in the "beauti-
ful stringlets." She would have been glad to have given
us specimens of her own shorthand chirograph}', but the tcrm-
bling of her hand evident in her longhand penmanship made
it impossible to write neat and legible outlines, and she hesi-

57 ■ ivm S +

®i)v Uus.tttfsa Journal

WOMEN TYPISTS MAKE GOOD IN GOVERN-
MENT SERVICE.

By Ethel Wrenn, in the X. V. American.

:SPITE the assertion of John C. Black, presi-
dent of the United States Civil Service Com-
mission, that girls and women do not make com-
I X&DA lll'tcnt stenographers, a score of Federal officials
r ir-^31 in New York City pointed out that women play a

most prominent part in the administration of Uncle Sam's
affairs of government, and came most gallantly to the de-
fense of the sex.

When I started out to interview Postmaster Morgan, United
States District Attorney Henry A \\ ise, United States Judge
Hand, United States Marshal Henkel and others prominent
in Federal matters, I did not expect them to make the vigor-
ous defense of women stenographers that they did.

It was pointed out to me that Mrs. Leona M. Wells, of
Wyoming, assistant clerk of the powerful Senate Committee
on Appropriations, while not only being the highest paid
woman in the Federal service, is also generally congratulated
upon the fact that she has proved remarkably efficient in the
important trust she holds, if not more efficient than the men
who have preceded her.

"There is not only Mrs. Wells," said one Federal official.
"There are scores of others — Miss Margaret V. Kelly, for ex-
ample, who is probably paid the next highest salary to Mrs.
Wells. Miss Kelly is Assistant Director of the Mint, having
far more to do with the issuance of the currency than the
Secretary of the Treasury himself."

I was told that there are hundreds of other women, many
of them mere girls, holding important posts in Uncle Sam's
Government. There are the many women who hold secre-
taryships t<i Federal Judges all over the country, and have in
their charge legal opinions of sometimes the greatest import
to our financiers and money kings for weeks before they are
ever made public.

There are women holding high salaried positions with the
Post Office Department, the Department of Justice ami the
Secret Service. I learned that two "I" the most famous de-
tectives in America are women, one a mere girl and the
other about middle age, employed by Secret Service Chief
Flynn. These two women have proved of invaluable service
to Chief Flynn in running down evil doers of all sets.

United States Judge Learned Hand agreed with me in
every particular when I told him that in my opinion women
are quite as capable as men as stenographers. The Judge de-
clared that he personally preferred women stenographers, as
they seemed more able to apply themselves to the technical
details of stenography than men.

Postmaster Morgan characterized the plan to disp
women stenographers in the Federal service in the future as
ridiculous. It was the plan of President Black, of the United
States (nil Service Commission, to dispense with women as
being too "frivolous." Brunettes, he says, are "too chatty."
and blondes "too frivolous"

"Women stenographers are far better than men stenog-
raphers," <aid United States Marshal Henkel, and while he
spoke two demure little stenographers played eavesdropper i'i
the outer office. "1 would much prefer girl stenographers to
a collection of cigarette-smoking young men. In the first
place, women don't gamble and they don't drink, which gives
them a handicap. You can always rely upon them.

John V Shields, United States Commissioner and Chief
Clerk of the United States Circuit Court, a veteran in the
service of the Government, agreed with Marshal Henkel.
Commissioner Shi Ms was high in his praise of the ability of
such women as he had met during his years of connecton
with the Government.

"They are capable in every particular," he said, and I felt
that if Commissioner Shields had his way women would be
given far better opportunity of advancement than they now
have in the various Government departments.

"Personally, I don't believe a man could do the work
anywhere near as well as the women," pursued the Com-
missioner. "The very closest attention to duty is paid by
them. Here in this building they handle the opinions of
judges that frequently involve matters of the gravest impor-
tance, and yet to my knowledge there has never been any
Uak whatever, although many interests would have given
considerable to have been 'tipped off' beforehand."

The reason why United States Commissioner Thomas
Alexander, chief clerk of the United Stat', District Court,
prefers women stenographers and clerks, he told me, was
that women do no', have "outside interests," as is frequently
the case with men.

"Men almost invariably lose interest in the work in hand
because of their extreme interest in advancing themselves.
1 don't mean by that that women don't take an interest in
advancing themselves," he cautioned, "but that women, while
having quite as much a desire to advance themselves as the
men, never overlook their work because of that desire. Wo-
men invariably make the best stenographers and clerks," and
he smiled gallantly.

Immensely pleased with this weight of opinion upon my
side, I went to United States District Attorney Henry A.
Wise. I had heard that Mr. Wise was more or less of a
strenuous man, but I had always found that strenuous men
were the most gallant defenders of my sex. I was disap-
pointed in Mr. Wise.

He made it perfectly clear to me that he did not mean to
say that women are not enterprising, dutiful, trustworthy and
capable. As a son of the gallant State of Virginia. I had
expected Mr. Wise to say that much at least, even though
be had once before told me that women are largely respon-
sible for smuggling by men.

"While I fully appreciate the value of women stenograph-
ers," said Mr. Wise, "girl stenographers do not and cannot
turn out the same quantity of work as men. Four men
stenographers could do more work than five women. Men
stenographers are too expensive, however, and if this plan of
President Black's is to be carried into effect, Congress will
have to make a special appropriation.

"To be sure we have women stenographers here. All our
stenographers are women, with the exception of a few private
secretaries who do stenography as a part of their duty. The
men. however, cost more and are more valuable."

I tried to point out to Mr. Wise that the Government found
Mrs. Wells valuable enough as assistant clerk to pay her
$4,500 a war. and Miss Kelly sufficiently valuable in the
Mint t" pay her $3,000 a year, but Mr. Wise only smiled and
spoke of exceptions.

\-sist.mt Postmaster Thomas Murphy and Walter S.
Mayer, auditor of the New York Post Office, cheered me
somewhat -after my talk with Mr. Wise by assuring me that
if they have anything to do with it, women as stenographers
and clerks will not he superseded in the Post Office by men.

C. C. Guyett, of Buffalo, has favored this office with sonic
mally nice specimens of card writing. The work he
is doing along this line reflects much credit on him, and we
have no doubt his path leads to success.

BACK NUMBERS OF THE BUSINESS JOURNAL.

For 5 two-cent stamps we will send you a copy each of
the October, November and December 1911 issues. These
numbers contain lessons in business writing by Mr. Mills.

<Jhr Susinrss •ilnurnal

SELF-CONTROL ONE OF THE MOST VALUABLE
ASSETS OF THE BUSINESS GIRL.
A girl without self-control is a woman without power. This
is so accurate a truth that few will dispute it, y-et many con-
sider it too trite for serious argument, but seldom set them-
selves to the task of acquiring it.

For the girl who desires success it is the first essential,
and it is even more necessary in the business world than in
social life. How can a girl whose nerves are frayed and
loose, whose emotions are near the surface and easily stirred,
hope to attain success in a life where she must meet men
on their own footing?

If emotion sways her, if quick tears dissolve the dignity
of her manner when corrections or unconscious brusqueness
comes her way she is almost sure to fail.

The girl who enters the business world is entering a man's
field, and she will need all the power of reserve and dignity
of manner that is hers by temperament, or that she can ac-
quire, to enable her to lift herself from the morass of medi-
ocrity that surrounds the beginner.

There are still a few people even in this advanced day who
consider that office life and the eternal struggle that goes
on in the business world defeminizes a woman ; that she can-
not escape a certain hardness and bitterness from her contact
with the world in the capacity of wage-earner.

This, of course, depends greatly upon the temperament of
the individual woman, but assuredly contact with the world
of men and business ought to teach a woman self-control if
she can be taught anything, and it need not necessarily either
harden or embitter her.

The girl who is keen for success soon learns that there is
no place in office life for the woman of tears, and that her
lack of self-control is a serious handicap in the struggle she
has undertaken. If she indulges in them she not only lose«
her personal dignity, but also impairs the quality of her work.
It is a matter of congratulation that the womanly art of
tears is becoming no longer fashionable, and the small num-
ber of women who still resort to them, either because they
are temperamentally that sort, or as a means of arousing
sympathy and indulgences for their lack of efficiency, are
greatly in disfavor.

Recently a map of wide office experience expressed himself
very forcibly on the subject of such emotional storms in the
business world. He said it was useless for women to expect
the quick advancement and pay the men receive unless they
employed the self-control that men did; the mere fact that
women could and did weep whenever they saw fit incapaci-
tated them for a business life; that even very clever women,
who were well equipped from the point of view of intelligence
for a business career, were frequently unreliable bcause one
never knew at what moment they would get their feelings
hurt.

He complained that many men had to endure sniffling wives,
but no man under the sun ought to have to endure a sniffling
office girl.

He said he once employed a very capable woman who was
unusually equipped to perform her duties in the matter of
everything but self-control. Unfortunately she had the wom-
anly habit of tears and an emotional temperament.

The simplest correction flooded her eyes, and to actually
convict her of error, no matter how gently done, sent her
weeping from the room, while the task she was engaged
upon waited for her to regain sufficient self-control to finish
it. But even then there was no peace; the office routine was
upset by the suppressed sniffling that went on at her desk.

After giving her a thorough trial and realizing that the
habit of tears with this young woman was temperamental
and would not be overcome, he let her go. This, of course.
was an exaggerated case, but there are still women who re-

sort to tears in the business world without feeling the slight-
est loss of dignity. Hut to the woman of pride their point
of view is inexplicable.

There is no place in the world where the weeping woman
is so out of place as in an office. Yet these are girls who
believe this method accomplishes results. Their tears are
eternally on tap, but in reality they gain nothing by them
save a red nose, a blotched face, and a reputation for sensi-
tiveness which effectuallv dampens friendlv ardor in their be-
half.

There is no reason why work should harden a woman any
more than the pursuit of pleasure will harden her, but there
is every reason why the woman brought in daily contact with
men, matching her powers with theirs, should throw aside
the old womanly weapon of tears and fight the game with
dignity and self-controL— -New York Times.

TRANSCRIPT OF SHORTHAND NOTES IN MARCH
JOURNAL.
The speed at which the professional shorthand reporter
is required to write in the ordinary course of his work is a
subject about which there has been quite a divergence of
opinion. One man's experience with regard to the average
rate of speed attained in court may not be the. experience of
another. Some cases are so slow that a speed of 125 words
per minute would be ample to properly report them. Other
cases require an average speed of perhaps 175 to 200 words
per minute. Sometimes attorneys and witnesses talk so
rapidly — especially during cross-examination — that their ut-
terances are almost unreportable. Spurts of 250 words per
minute, lasting a minute or two, are not unusual. But 150
words per minute seems to be about the average for the ordi-
nary run of cases. Therefore, if you can write accurately
at the average rate of 175 words per minute for an hour, on
testimony, it would seem that you would have sufficient speed
for all ordinary purposes. Speed and accuracy depend chiefly
upon the following conditions : 1. Perfect knowledge of your
particular system of shorthand. 2. Cultivation of a good pen
movement. 3. A study of etymology, in order to quickly
grasp the meaning of unfamiliar words. 4. A sound system
of phrasing familiar groups of words. 5. A thorough knowl-
edge of conflicting words. 6. Systematic practice. "From the
Stenographic Expert.

Words
typography
theology
technology
psychology
antipodes
physiology
philology
phonetics
phantasm
pathology
orthography
synonymous

Everyone Should Be Able
pantheon demagogue

lexicon

lithographer

heliotrope

ephemeral

cosmopolite

caustic

cardiac

eucharist

melancholy

chronology

democracy

antagonism
philanthropy
aristocracy-
phenomenon
thesis
sonorous
unison
testament
attest
voracious
carnivorous

to Spell,
insectivorous
expunge
obsequious
dilapidated
discretion
abbreviation
prepossess
convex
arrogate
condenscend
ascension
omniscient

MECHANICAL CARRIERS FOR POST OFFICE.
From the London Times

A contract has been placed by the British post office with
an English pneumatic tube company for the complete equip-
ment of the Birmingham central telegraph office with the
Lamson pick-up and delivery carrier. This system, which
is purely a mechanical one, as distinct from the pneumatic
tube, has been in use experimentally in the Birmingham post
office for about a year, except that the present plan is the
first of its kind to be installed in a post office in this country,
and is the first large equipment to be made in Great Britain
About 150 stations are to be provided. The carrier, which
consists of a pair of mechanical fingers, is drawn along rails
or guides by an endless cord driven or closed automatically
in order to grasp or deposit the documents with which the
carriers are dealing.

57 Ivryi 5 +

t % • t % ■ % % % %
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IpifiiipntDffiiiipii

dUlMla. (Bote.

A COURSE IN BUSINESS WRITING.
By J. J. Bailey, Toronto, Canada.

The necessary elements in acquiring skill in writing have
been treated in so many different ways, and on so many
occasions, that there seems little use in introducing the
subject again. However, each year, and each season, new
people are engaging in mercantile pursuits where a rapid,
legible and attractive style of writing is required, and it
is to them that one must devote his attention when bringing
the subject to their notice.

In the first place, there is no use of trying to do anything
with the subject unless one is really on lire with the de-
sire to learn to write well. Place the accent on the word
well. In these days of strenuous competition, unless one
can dn better than the majority of his fellows, he is likely
to find little room for him in the business world. There-
fore, to wait until father, mother, brother, sifter, friend,
teacher or even employer urges upon one the importance
of getting right down to hard practice on penmanship, is
to put one hopelessly out of the race.

One can scarcely conceive in these days of universal edu-
cation of an individual who cannot write at all. But how
few among our acquaintances can write well, rapidly and
easily ! We do not mean the "copy hand'' that our teacher
used to deal out to us so easily in the old school days, but
the individually characteristic, and at the same time at-
tractive business hand that is the fruit of but one thing,
that of long-continued, habit- forming practice.

Let us examine a specimen of what is called in the busi-
ness world, good business writing. Can we find a single
perfect letter, that is, one measured by popular standards
_of good writing. We confers we cannot. But there is an

approach to the standard letter forms which comes so near
to hitting the mark that it escapes our attention. The one
thing that really makes for good business writing is the
movement, or swing. Let the letters be ever so well formed,
if they are not made with the swing, they do not attract us,
they have n«>t the speed, they have not the legibility.

Therefore, in taking up a new course of systematic prac-
tice, we must have thoroughly impressed upon us the im-
portance of two things: A desire to excel, and the absolutely
indispensable quality of a light, elastic movement in writing.
The first must be supplied by the individual himself; the sec-
ond will be cared for by the author of this course, with
this condition, that all suggestions shall be 'faithfully and
honestly followed. The brief notes accompanying each
plate are merely for the purpose of drawing attention to
some important feature. No attempt is made to give in de-
tail every item of instruction. There are but twenty-six
letters in the alphabet, and these are sub-divided into but
a half-dozen groups so that excellence in making a letter
in one group aids materiality in mastering another.

Practise at least an hour every day on the simple move-
ment drills, the ovals and the straight lines. From one to
ten pages should be made of every line in the different
plates.

Be careful in selection of a pen for business writing. It
should not be extra fine; neither should it be too coarse. A
pen like the Spencerian Commercial, Esterbrook Business
and College, Gillott 601 F, or Hunt 74 is sure to give good
satisfaction. Use a fluid ink, like Carter's, Sanford's or
Stafford's. While this ink is blue when first used, it soon
changes to black. Use a good quality of foolscap paper, and
till each page as carefully as. one would if he were to be
paid for it.

Whatever you do, do as well as you can. Genius consists
of an infinite capacity for taking pains. No one ever be-
came a good penman without trying just as hard as he
could at all times. Furthermore, the best writers have al-
ways been the most severe critics of their own work.

THE WORK FOR APRIL.
Introductory Course.

Week of April

Plates

1. 2.

Week of April

Plates

4. 5,

Week of April

15:

Plates

:. B,

Week of April

22:

Plates

Id and

Week of April

29:

Plates

12 and

13.

Intermediate Course.

Week of April 1: Lesson 19

Week of April 8: Lesson 2i).

Week of April 13: Lesson 21.

Week of April 22: Lesson 22.

Week of April 29: Lesson 19

BUDGET WORK FOR THE MONTH.
The Budget Work for April will consist of fifty-two pages
arranged as follows:
Two pages of each line in the Advanced Course.

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.

By J. J. BAILEY.

Plate 1- The proportion of curved lines to straight in all letters, both capital and small, is about 3 to 1. It is
verv Plain then that much time should be devoted to practising the oval exercises in order that these curved lines may be
made correctlv So far as control is concerned, it is almost as difficult to describe a correct curve as it is a straight line.
The two-spaced oval affords practice with a maximum of freedom and a minimum of control. I he exercise should be
made at the rate of three strokes a second, or 180 a minute. Fill many pages of both the direct and the indirect ex-
ercises.

Plate 2 : The retrace oval letter affords very little difficulty to one who has mastered the extended oval. Retrace
the oval 10 times. In line 2 make the post first, and then put the oval around it.

Plate :!: II. .1.1 the paper so that when made the first line in this plate, the down Stroke, will he drawn toward the
middle of the body Make three down strokes a second. In the 2nd and 3rd lines follow the same instructions as given
in P.laW 2. In making the compact exereise in line 4, two methods may he used, first beginning on the outside and going
toward the center; or at the center and going toward the outside. This is a very valuable exercise, and a great deal of
time should he devoted to it.

I U>yry) 5 -f-

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, • % * • *

SI]? IBuBtttrss Journal

no o oo oo oo oo an o ana

O O O O O o o o a 0 O O O O O a a

ao-o- o-o-o-.o- o- o O'cycy a o-o- o- o

&fj oxy<y&&& &c-<y ~o:_(Ec. :&o o

& (F'cr o & a- qlsl

Plate 4: We are now prepared to make up a letter. We first practise the simple oval in various sizes, and thus

practise on the simplest of the capital letters, the O. The treatment of the letter as shown in the fourth line should

make it very easy to apply the movement to the letter itself. It is well to make the letter large at first, and then let it
decrease in size. Make an entire page of each line.

: a @l

a ®. on a o an a a on.

o an en &n &n &n_&

0^ 0 0 J^kJEL. . © <a_ & ©:£>. O. ®.

'&&(*;.(»> &. &j± ^ (?;<*/(>, ':

Plate 5: The C resembles a capital 0 with a small narrow oval inside of it. The preliminary movement drill is
the same for this letter as for the O, and practise upon it should be the same. Make an entire page of each line.

&.._ & ®/

Gs & &•.

ooooo
• o fro si, Os

uann cl£ljsl Q...O-

rO rO f, eS cS .<£> dk <£>: (S. &j£JZj$uZ!-££ <£>..

Plate 6: The letter £ is made of two small c's. With this conception in mind, it is a very easy letter to make,
and one should endeavor to make both parts of the letter the same size. Make an entire page of each line.

Ojz o an <£ a <zn en tfintpo^

CfjT 6? .(?._#(? CT C? a tfL.4 #££. c? c? $

(7 <? cr a a (sp (7 (7 (7 (? <7 a a

Plate 7: The A will be found to be somewhat more difficult than any of the preceding letters, because of the fact
that the right-hand side is quite straight ; furthermore it is difficult to make the finishing part without making a loop.
Endeavor to close the letter at the top. The letter is one-third as wide as high. It is a good plan to practise the small
a in connection with the capital, as they resemble each other very much. Make four small mina group and four
groups to a line.

wmmomm^^1^^

mttVvyMM&MM

Plate S: Before beginning practice on the small o, make the extended oval exercises in line 1, four groups to a
line. The small 0 in groups of four makes a very valuable letter drill. No two letters resemble each other so much
as the o and a, and it is well to join them in the exercise that the slight difference may be noted, and even magnified.
Make an entire page of each line.

ahc lSusinrsa Journal

Plate 9: We now come to an indirect movement lett.-r, one that will require considerable skill to make well. In
line 1 we have a verv practical indirect exercise to prepare f >r the m and n. In line 2 this exercise is continued in a
different form. In line 3 we have the letter joined. Make four groups to a line. The n should be somewhat easier than
the in. Inasmuch as it is a narrower letter, four may be mad> in a group. Make several pages of these letters.

Plate 10: Having mastered the preceding letters, we shall now join them in words. Wherever possible, even.- let-
ter should be practised in a word, because that is the way i: is to be used ultimately. After writing four words to the
line, turn the paper and write across the lines, putting a let.er on each ruled or dotted line.

Plate 11: A very light extended movement exercise similar to that found in lines 1 and 2 constitutes a helpful
drill in obtaining a light touch. Make many pages of these letters. Line 3 pn pares for the letter u. This letter we
rind to be quite simple as compared to some preceding.

Plate 12: Write the exercise on this plate in groups of four to the line It would be well to rule the paper into
quarters. Each word begins with a right curved letter, and without exception they will all be found quite easy to make.

Plate 13. In this plate all the letters begin with a left curve. Xote carefully the spacing. Get a good deal of
speed in each exercise so that the line will be strong. The v should be made quite narrow. Divide the paper into
quarters.

57 :/c/no 5^

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WHAT ADVERTISING NEEDS

E. St Elmo Lewis, Advertising Manager, Burroughs Adding
Machine Company, Detroit.
Extract from an address delivered before the Atlanta, Ga. Ad. Club .

PROPOSE to confine myself to-night, to four or
five leading questions under the general topic
of "What Advertising Needs." My subject will
be a good deal like a mother hubbard, for it will
at least cover the subject if it doesn't touch at
many points.
rtising needs a businesslike consideration:

We are told there are six hundred millions of dollars spent
for advertising in this country. Senator Lodge struck this
fact in making his investigations of the high cost of living
and at once came to the conclusion that advertising was one
of the reasons why we paid a dollar a bushel for apples in
Detroit, when they were rotting on the ground nineteen
miles away ; that national advertising was one of the reasons
why wr paid $6.">.O0 for a suit of clothes that we could buy
in London for four pounds, ten shillings; that advertising
was the reason why we had to pay $.1.00 for a Christy hat in
New York, when we could buy it in London for ten shillings
Of course, Senator Lodge didn't know anything about adver-
tising, but inasmuch as his senatorial hearers didn't know
much more, it was easy to get away with the political bluff
This i- n<>t the time to argue that effective advertising lessens
the cost of distribution. We know it docs — but we know that
by applying the laws of efficiency in our advertising prac-
tice, we could raise its distributing power several times
Since Mr. Brandeis jolted the railroads into a new view of
things, we are constrained by increasing costs of distribution
to a-k ourselves the simple question — "Might we not get more
action for our money?" Six hundred millions of dollars,
gentlemen, is a rather tidy sum of money. We realize it
better when we figure it means that every man, woman and
child in the United States is taxed $6.50 to pay our national
advertising bill, and it becomes vitally important when we
understand that, if all advertising were cut out, these same
Americans would probably find 50$ of the things that make
life worth living beyond their reach.

Herbert Kauffman in his scintillant figures, one time
wrote :

"Advertising is faith. The substance of things hoped for
Conservatism never moved any' mountains. Advertising is
bread upon the waters. Pollen upon the prairies. Fertilizer
upon waste places. Advertising is merchandizing by wireless;
the winged salesman, tireless, sleepless, silver-tongued, hail
fellow in office, kitchen and library, suggesting comforts and
necessities before the need is born, creating new markets,
building new factories, selling the surplus. Advertising
makes for better furnished homes, better dressed people
better food, more health, greater comforts, bigger life, and
incidentally, advertising makes the advertiser a bigger, broad-
er man; a national figure."

Dors this not reflect one of the troubles with most ad-
vertisers, that they look at advertising the way Mr. Kauff-
man writes? A growing number realize that advertising is
all that, but a thousand times more; it is the business, as a
man's thought is the man.

But what, in a concrete way. should advertising do for
a business? We have heard glittering generalities about it
a good deal the same as I have introduced here tonight
Most men who talk on advertising, have to talk from their
experience, which is after all only an infinitesimal part of
the vast fund of useful experience from which they should
be privileged to draw in the defense of so large an expendi-
ture.

The trouble with most advertisers is that they are con-
tent to draw only from their own experience. They try
to pull themselves over the fence of success by hauling on
the boot straps of their half proven opinions.

The only source of information in touch with other experi-
ences is advertising agencies that are organized on the prin-
ciple that the more money the advertiser spends, the more
profit the agency makes — a fundamentally wrong principle
the wrong of which agencies are themselves recognizing
The agency would be less than human which did not admit
the constant danger of yielding to the subtle temptation to
consider its advantage above the advertiser's in the daily
work.

The average advertiser does not know any real facts and
figures about the possihle demand in the territories he covers
In other words, he does not take a territory and devote

enough time and attention and money to finding out what that
territory should produce for him. Thomas Dockrell has
urged with much wit and force. "He goes after a 'nation-
al market,' when there is no such thing as a national market."
This country is too diversified. If any man will analyze
his demand he will find that he sells goods in spots. Those
spots are his markets. When Scott's Emulsion was running
along on a national market basis, it was a fair success. A
business man wfas put in charge of the advertising, and he
analyzed the demand in different sections of the country
He found, for instance, that the Lake section was strong in
catarrhal affections; that certain sections in the South suf-
fered from anemic affections. In each section he addressed
his advertising to the kind of disease most common, then
Scott's Emulsion sales increased by leaps and bounds. After
all, this w:as plain common sense, but it came only as a re-
sult of looking at advertising as a means to business. It
found what the demand was by fixing the real purpose of
advertising in the sales plan. This was fixed by analysis.

Too many of us have a lot of opinions gleaned from the
ill-digested experience of salesmen whose minds constantly
deal with individuals and not with masses of people, and al-
ways with exceptions and not rules. I had a salesman recent-
ly object to one of my advertisements, and seriously urge
that nothing more of the same kind be distributed in his
territory, because he found one man who had been induced
to buy a machine of another make because he didn't like
something in the advertisement. I had taken pains to know,
however, just what that particular advertisement had pro-
duced in specific results. If I had not been fortified with
such facts, that salesman would have been the source of a
lot of trouble.

I am told of a certain New York medical specialty adver-
tiser who is a famous example of a brilliant mind dominated
by a dyspeptic stomach, who said — "I want an advertising
man who thinks as I do." He doesn't need anything of the
sort, no matter what he thinks he wants. That advertiser
can't understand why any advertising man should prefer
to follow God's law of efficiencies rather than the fickle
humor of his gastric explosions.

He is typical of a class which is not giving either adver-
tising or advertising men business-like consideration ; and
will not permit the latter to consider his work from a busi-
ness-like point of view

There are too many opinions masqueraded as knowledge ;
too many guesses as facts; too many impressions as infalli-
ble judgments, in all advertising. We go by waves of impres-
sions. Representatives of agencies and publications, work-
ing according to their lights, honest to the extent of their
knowledge, in answer to the cry for "more business," come
along and by consistent pounding, make us believe that double-
page spreads are the salvation of any business, and double-
page spreads blossom forth in the magazine like dandelions
in spring. Another man sets the fashion of highly con-
trasted black and white drawing, and at once all our maga-
zine pages go into mourning. Another talks about "Reason
Why" copy, and at once the advertising pages read like
kindergarten primers. Another says magazines are the only-
kind of media for advertising nationally, and immediately
the advertising sections of the magazines become four times
as thick as the reading section. Another gets up and says
that newspapers are the only things to be used, and our maga-
zines again become thin and anemic, while our dailies take on
weight.

But what do any of us know about the thing? They
don't know — they are guessing — they are gambling. I sub-
mit that what advertising needs is more Facts, and it need?
men who will as a matter of business put advertising on
a basis of plans made after a careful analysis of verifiable
facts and figures. Advertising will never come into its own
until we adopt this business-like attitude towards its prac-
tice.

I believe no sane advertiser disagrees with the principle that
honesty is the basis of efficiency in advertising. By all means
let us be honest, but we must not only be honest with our
customers and the public generally in the mere intent and
letter of the statements we make, but let us be honest with
ourselves, both as advertisers and managers.

You would say it was dishonest if an advertiser stated
that a fabric was "all silk" when it was onlv 40fr silk. You

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(Thp Huatnraa Journal

would be willing to prosecute him, and hold him up to public
ridicule, notwithstanding he had honestly intended to tell
the truth, but he hadn't made any investigation to find the
facts.

No man is honest with himself who makes a statement
involving his honestv and honor unless he Iciiozl's that it is
true Honestv in statements springs from honesty in view-
point We must be honest with ourselves with respect to
this whole matter of advertising. A man says he believes
in advertising, but does he believe in it? Does he know-
enough about what it really is to believe in it? Because if
a man doesn't know and is not convinced, that a thing is right
and honest and worthy, and helpful and efficient, he does
not take it seriously enough to be carefully honest about any
statement he makes of it. J'. '■ '

A man must be honest with respect to the kind of pub-
lication he goes into. Is he honest with himself when he ad-
vertises only in those publications that appeal to him? Is he
honest with himself when he withdraws his advertisement
from "Leslie's Weekly" because he doesn't believe in its
stand-pat politics, and lays it to "advertising policy?"

Is he honest with himself when he goes into "Collier s
Weekly" because of its progressive policies?

He 'is not honest with himself as an advertiser, because
he is mixing up advertising policies with his predjudices
and prejudice is never honest. Deep down in his heart he
is a sceptic on the whole subject of advertising. He doesn't
look the fact that he isn't considering it from a business
viewpoint square in the face— he dodges, squirms and turns—
his foot work is better than his head work. He is bluff-
he is playing his own vanity against the laws of God's ef-
ficiencies—and he doesn't know it. He calls himself an ad-
vertiser. He is lying to himself; he is advertising because
his competitor does, and hasn't the backbone to stand being
called a back-number. We want honesty in these things
Let us begin with ourselves. When we do we will know ad-
vertising's place, understand what it is, and respect it too
much to fool with its power to make or break.

Some of us are striving towards the light. \\ e are but
a few, however, and we will make many errors, but we will
hand on to others the torch of Truth in the day to come
burning more brightly, let us hope, than when it came to us.
Advertising needs business men as advertising managers.
There are three kinds of advertising managers:
First— There is the Rubber stamp. He is the young man
paid $15.00 or $20.00 a week to expend an appropriation of
ten to fifty thousand dollars a year, by an advertiser who is
working on opinions and not facts. He has an opinion thai
he is no slouch as an ad man himself, and all he needs is a
man who can "dress up his ideas." The Rubber Stamp has
but two duties:— To turn down the solicitors the advertiser
doesn't want to take dinner with himself, and to take the
blame if anything goes wrong with the advertising. The
Rubber Stamp is the fine product of the advertising policy
of the rule-of-thumb business man. The Rubber Stamp is
the fellow who calls advertising a "game;" says "it is all
a proposition of chance;" that, "you have to lie to allow
for the discount that people put on all advertising," and he
thinks that advertising clubs and advertising organizations
are "slick schemes" by which other men can steal "his suc-
cessful methods of advertising." Some men of ability and
purpose, but green in business, drift into advertising by the
rubber stamp route. I pity them. There is but one saving
fact: the best of them soon get out of the job and take some-
thing better. In the rubber stamp stage of development the
mortality is about eighty per cent.

The next kind of a manager is the Literary Person who
puts the accent on English and Art. The pastry cook always
thinks the sweets the most important part of the dinner.
This literary person is necessary in any well-regulated ad-
vertising department. That the primary object of advertising
is to help sell goods and not for the purpose of calling
attention to the skill of the artist, or the ability of the writer
to write something disassociated from the goods, is a dis-
covery he makes after much painful travail of soul and pity
for our benighted Philistinism.

The Literary Person takes a fine selling argument and
weaves it into a Bagdad rug of words in which all trace of the
selling value is lost. He talks about art with a capital "A"
and nurses a lofty contempt for a mere fact. He says facts
and figures hamper his originality and inspiration.

Do not let me be misunderstood. It is vastly important
to write good English. It is very important to know where tc
put the commas and the periods, but much more important
than to know where to put the commas and the periods
is the ability to make people read what you put between them.

Every department should have at least one tame Literary
Person to do copy work.

All successful advertising is probably ten per cent inspira-
tion and ninety per cent analysis The quicker we get that
into our minds, the sooner we will increase advertising effic-
iencv. In my Department at Detroit, we have four clerks
keeping tab on what one hundred people are doing — now we
can tell within a per cent what a letter of a particular kind
will do. So, allowing for the Literary Person, for his in-
spiration, we will say that ten per cent of advertising is
literature and art — the rest is business, and mere word dex-
terity has just about that proportion of importance in adver-
tising.

Lastlv I come to the new type of advertising manager. He
is a business man with an advertising attitude towards the
possible demand. He is neither so saturated with the de-
tails of the business that he can't think from the standpoint
of the customer, nor is he so occupied with the future that
he loses touch with the needs of the present.

The advertising manager is the link binding the present
performances and the future prospects. He plays averages
and percentages, for he knows that nothing happens. He
plays the game of life on the basis of rewards for the present
and satisfaction for the future. He recognizes that he is in
a business— that he is a part of it. His is the Voice of the
House, calling its service in the highways and byways of
the market-place that people may know what it has to sell
and believe in what it has to offer. He is glad that the day
when he was considered a paid liar is past ; he knows it
didn't pay him and that it didn't pay the man whose money
he took. His gospel is one of efficiency, and his sole aim is
to make good for his house, and considers it a reproach upon
his tribe if he does not make good for himself! and if
when he leaves a house, he does not know- as a matter sub-
stantiated by facts and figures, that he has reared for it
in the public mind, a solid superstructure of good will.

Thus he has ceased to be only the Man of Ink; today he
is more, a business man who is dealing with the intricate
problem of what is going to happen. So he deals in facts and
figures of the past and present, for he knows, as the French
historian Taine said, "what is going to happen by what has
happened."

If we do not reason entirely from superficial resemblances
but get down to the fundamental reason, we are safe, because
the law is with us— the law of Nature, and Nature is logi-
cal, always logical, as she is always hard. He knows that
methods may change from day to day, as life changes, but
that principles are eternal : that he must keep his grasp on
the principles while he yields to the fashion.

The big advertising man can look with calm eyes and level
brow at the total destruction of one of his most arduously
constructed campaigns, and from that destruction extract
a lesson which will make that same mistake forever impossi-
ble again.

He knows that he cannot know too much about anything
because advertising must touch all kinds of people in all
kinds of ways. In a recent talk before a class in advertis-
ing in an eastern city, my good friend, Frank H. Little, of
New York, said :

"There are times when an advertising man needs to know
all of physics, all of botany, all of zoology, all of chemistry
all of mechanics, all of history, all of geography, all of soils
and all of meteorology. There is, I believe, no knowledge un-
der the sun which an all-around advertising man may not
find a way to use some time in his work.

"But he must know selling and he must know psychology
however he may arrive at it and whatever he may call it
He must have that instinct which will tell him (on top of hard
work, that this road or that is a safe one to follow."

During the past ten years I have met all of the very suc-
cessful advertising managers of the country, and have known
some of them intimately, and not one of them but who has
been a student in the best sense of the term.

Ingersoll, with his enthusiastic devotion to research into
the workings of the human mind; Harn. with his study of
market conditions and a mind open towards books and art :
Eberhard. with his call to his men never to think they
have found the solution o-f the problem of making all the
salt-;: Martin, of Cincinnati, with his careful, quiet analyst*
of his kind of people: Reilly. of the Remingtons, student of
men and methods: of the younger generation, Babcox. Wat-
son, and MacMartin, giving up their days and nights to find-
ing what it is all about, knowing "there is a reason ;" Mc-
Chesney, with a genial philosophy which takes nothing for
granted: Greene, of Sherwin-Williams. Thrift, of Multigraph,
Ford, of Chalmers, Dobbs, of Coca-Cola, and a dozen or so

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Slir iBuainraa 3ournal

III

more, win. know the angles of Markets as some others know
tin angles of a billiard table.

Ml remember with what delight they heard Julius
Schneider, of Chicago, at the Omaha Convention give us a
idew of advertising based on analysis; and, while we may
qttarrel with Herbert Casson for calling his purely sub-
jective analvsis of advertising "scientific," yet we surrender
to the interest aud the charm of a new viewpoint— because
we see they are headed Truthvvard.

By whatever names they may know their ends and methods
they are striving toward the same realizations. They are in-
vestigating the well springs from which flow results. riiev
are establishing standards for efficiency. 1 hey are planning
for more satisfactory to-morrows. Ihey are setting higher
standards by which to judge the work they do.

In a speech recently delivered by W . H. Johns, of the
New York Advertising Agents' Association, he summarized
as follows :

"if i were to gather up all my impressions as to the propei
function of an Advertising Manager, within the limits above
agreed upon, I should say that he should partake something
of the nature of a barometer, something of the dynamo,
something of the pilot on the ship, something of the governor
on an engine, something of the orchestra conductor, some-
thing of the editor of a newspaper, something of the promoter,
and something of the bystander.

Advertising needs the co-operation of advertisers:

Every line of advertising development activity in the
country is organized. The bill-board people; the street car
people; the engravers; the printers; commercial artists; the
publishers, magazine and newspaper— all are organized, yet
until within the past year and a half, none of the people who
spend the six hundred millions of dollars a year have been
organized to find out what they got for their expenditure.
One organization, co-operative in form, organized to investi-
gate circulations, has received but little encouragement at tic
hands of advertisers, for circulations are but one of the prob-
lems What was the fundamental reason for this apathy.'
Was it not the fact that you and I didn't want to give up
some of our trade secrets?

What children we are in many ways.

Advertising practice is not a thing that you can hide. Jt
I see you in the "Atlanta Constitution," day after day ad-
vertising a line of goods that I advertise, and if I see you
successful, do I need any other hint that the ' Atlanta Con-
stitution" is a good publication to use? When I see Mr,
Dobbs using an immense quantity of billboard space tor his
Coca-Cola, and 1 am selling a similar product to be consumed
bv similar people in similar locations, do 1 need Mr. JJobb s
testimony to tell me that billboard space is a good thing to
buy? Vet, if all the billboard advertisers got together and
compared notes, they might find things that would save them
twentv per cent of their total expenditure, which would raise
the advertising efficiency of billboards and thus make more
advertisers for billboard's. The organizations of sellers have
sensed this fact before advertisers. Thev are putting in
Service Bureaus for the purpose of raising the advertising
efficiency of their media, like the work done bv the street
car organization. Vet, the verv foundation of this solution
is illogical for the simple reason the seller's immediate ob-
ject is to get monev for himself and results for his customer
if possible, while the advertiser's is to get results for himself
and the seller must take care of himself.

Some publishers with a vision of service, of making their
medium efficient in the future, are building for the future
but ninetv per cent of us live for today, whether we be
selling billboards, newspapers, magazines, or the service of
advertising agencies. W'e have hut to dissect the solicita-
tion; of business Single medium panaceas for all advertising
ills are urged with simple-minded seriousness on the busi-
ness man who, knowing no facts to guide him, accepts or re-
jects with a delightful indifference to his real necessities. Wc
need the co-operation of advertisers in getting a line on these
things, because I am paying now for many advertising mis-
takes of my collar maker, my hat. shoes, gloves, underwear
watch, and' breakfast food manufacturers. As soon as we
51 n-e this thing it will not be how can we get together
to' eliminate the lying advertiser, the grafter program, spe-
cial edition and directory, the circulation liar, but how soon
can we i/*1 it. But you and 1. if we are sensible business
men advertising a worthy commodity, must build for tomor-
row. Advertisers, to make sure of that tomorrow, therefore
must co-operate.

One of the movements resulting from bringing advertisers
together in advertising clubs such as this where we have
begun to realize the extent of our common interests in th'

practice of advertising, is that which resulted in that or-
ganization of the Association of National Advertising Mana-
gers, the membership of which is made up of nearly 140
national advertisers, each spending $50,000 or more. 1 be-
lieve the total expenditure of the membership is close to $26,-
000,000 a year. The Association of National Advertising
Managers is attempting, by co-operation with the other organ-
izations in the advertising business, to eliminate waste — i. e
with publishers, to eliminate the grafter advertiser, tiie dis-
honest circulation claims, the two to twenty rate publication,
tin- special edition shark, the blackmailing trade paper; with
retail distributors, to get a basis where the manufacturer and
the retailer can make money and protect their market; with
advertising agencies, to fix a basis ,,f service where the small
advertiser and the large will pay for what they get, and
know there are no rebates.

It is an ambitious program, but it is one of the most in-
spiring things that has happened in advertising to see the
spirit of co-operation which is animating this organization
so ambitious to bring business into advertising.

If it can increase the efficiency of $2f>, 000,000 by ten per
cent, it will materially decrease waste, and that is a thing
necessary in these times, when efficiency is being accepted a.«
the gospel, not only in business, but in politics, the church
and the law."

FREE SUGAR AND AN INCOME TAX.

hill has been introduced in the House of Rep-
resentatives, with every assurance of passing
both the House and the Senate, providing that
sugar shall be placed on the free list. This will
create a deficit in customs' duties of fifty-two
million dollars. To make up for this deficit the Ways and
Means Committee prepared a measure based on the corpo-
ration tax law, rewriting this law to include individuals and
co-partnerships. This bill, which will be introduced in the
House of Representatives at an early date, provides for an
income tax of l',' on an income of $5,000 or more. To illus-
trate: if a man is earning $8,000 per annum, he will pay a
tax of 1% on $3,000.

Indications point very strongly to the early adoption of
an income tax, but the present bill before Congress is being
as-ailed for different reasons, good arguments having been
presented why it should not be adopted. One is that the bill
is an evasion because it appears to be an attempt to avoid
the Supreme Court's decision against the constitutionality of
an income tax and to establish a system of taxation which
would run counter to the court's decision, if the proposed tax
were nominally what it really is. Another argument is that
the bill is a subterfuge, because it attempts to attach this per-
sonal income tax to the corporation excise tax which the Su-
preme Court has held to be constitutional.

On the face of it. this bill does not appear to be exactly
just. In the United States every man demands the same
rights and privileges as those enjoyed by another. The great
cry that is now going up is that the poor man has an unequal
chance in the courts as compared with the rich man, because
he is not financially able to carry his case from one court to
another by appealing it. And he is right in insisting that he
shall receive justice by being placed on a par with the rich
man. when it comes to a question of law. Therefore, it is
only just, if the poor and the rich are placed on an equitable
kisis in one matter, they should be so placed in all matters,
and the man with an income of less than $5,000 cannot with
good grace refuse to shoulder his share of the burden. The
bill does not conform to American traditions, and should be
defeated. There is now before Congress a constitutional
amendment which, if adopted, will permit the Government to
levy a tax upon an income received from any source, with the
exception of those engaged in the governmental machinery
of the states and the municipalities within the states, and
our congressmen would better adopt this measure than the
hill they are at present considering.

Qlljf SuautPHfl Journal

WHAT THE BUSINESS SCHOOL STANDS FOR.
Extracts from an address delivered by H. E. Read at the
dedication of the new Jacksonville, 111., Business
College.
a BUSIN'ESS college is an interesting and peculiar
lfwAlffl!] school. In same respects the word "business
college" is a misnomer. It ought to be "business
training school," but these schools were obliged
to take and use the title the public gave them
like a baby named Reginald or Angelina or Eugene, whether
they liked it or not.

In a certain cultural sense, the business college is not an
educational institution at all. But in another and a better
sense, it stands for the very best in education, for it couples
skill in doing with mental attainment, and unites the hand
and brain in a true conception of education. It is a business
institution, however, from first to last, and we are not averse
to that description of us, for the severe test of service is self-
support, and the most inexorable judge of values is the
standard of measurement that economic law has established.

All education for good purposes is valuable; all scholar-
ship is desirable; but the practical in education is indispen-
sable. The Jacksonville Business college has some students
who have had a liberal education before attending, and many
who will never go any higher in their schooling; but all have
had one thing in education that stands for bread and butter
and for business organization and management.

There are few things more pathetic than the case of a
person of industrious disposition who has spent many years,
perhaps at a great cost,, securing an education that proves to
be valueless when applied to the practical problems of life.
There are many such and it is the eighth wonder of the
world that those chiefly interested in the cause of educa*
tion spend so much time in eliminating what could so easily
and so happily be spared. One of the chief advantages of
the business college is that the selection of studies must
conform to the needs of the business wrorld, or the school
will tumble into oblivion, the sheriff's hammer will be heard
in its halls and the bat will hang by one leg from its chan-
deliers. The business college must sink or swim, live or
die, survive or perish upon its ability to do one thing and
such a simple platform as this tends to promote long life.

The business college stands for service, and for the branch
of service in which 95 per cent of educated men are en-
gaged—business. It is for both sexes, is open the year
around, and receives and graduates students at any time — a
little point of administration that is perfectly simple and
would probably double the attendance and usefulness of any
public or private school on earth above the rank of the eight
primary grades — and its chief object is to equip young people
definitely for a start in business.

Oh, we have an idea that in business the chief require-
ment is to sit behind a mahogany desk directing men ; to
press one button for a bookkeeper, another for a stenog-
rapher, another for an office boy and a fourth for ice water.
That is all right, but no man ever became a manager until
after he had a start, and no one can get the right start in
business to-day without learning first how to do correctly
some little thing that the employer wants done. Business
instruction to be valuable must be definite. The boy or girl
who enters an office without this definite instruction is like
the young lover who threw his sweetheart a silent kiss in the
dark. He may have known what he was about, but nobody
else did.

It may not be amiss to remind you here that the introduc-
tion of the practical in education, as exemplified by the
manual training school, the school of agriculture, the busi-
ness college, and certain departments of the modern state
university is entirely a modern development.

The early idea of education had exclusive reference to
literature, languages, science and arts. Examine the course
offered by Oxford university five centuries ago and you will
see practically no difference between then and the average
university course of fifty years ago, except where the his-
tory of the intervening time has enlarged their scope. The
wonderful change that this century now approves so heartily
has come about within the last fifty years. I know of no
development in any line of thought so radical, so sudden, and
so comprehensive as this, for with the simple exception of the
establishment of our great public school system, it is by far
the most significant educational movement of five hundred
years.

I desire to go on record boldly as claiming for the com-
mercial school its due proportion of the credit for this pro-
gressive movement. Both in point of priority of time and
extent of popularity, the business school has taken the lead,
for it had its beginning before that of other technical schools
and it claims to-day in the United States more students than
all the other colleges combined. Itself the product of stern
business necessity, it has, through the very potency of suc-
cess, forced high schools and colleges everywhere into a
keen struggle to maintain their supremacy by bowing to the
will of that same necessity.' It is the gad-fly of education,
the pioneer of the practical, the silent irresistible force bub-
bling up from the bottom, which is slowly but surely re-
moving the curse of uselessness from education, and playing
a noble part in bringing to an end forever, in the schools
of this country the ungodly separation of brain and hand.

GOVERNMENT TO TAKE OVER EXPRESS COM-
PANIES.

Senator Gardner of Maine to-day introduced a bill under
which the government would take over the properties of ex-
press companies and operate them as part of the postal serv-
ice— extending the service to the rural delivery. The measure
indicates the probable cost of taking over the properties as
follows ;

Real property $14,932,169, equipment $7,381,405, materials
and supplies $138,210, advance payments on contracts $5,836,-
666, and franchises, good will, etc, $10,877,369, a total of
$39,165,819.

sets of nearly $150,000,000, Senator Gardner argues that
these are not devoted to express service and that this prop-
erty might be retained by the corporations without impair-
ing its value.

It is proposed by the authors of the bill for the establish-
ment of the "postal express," including members of both
branches of congress, that rates charged for express service
under the government shall be based upon weight and length
of haul rather than upon the system in effect for the carry-
ing of mails. The power to fix rates would rest with the
Postoffice Department, subject to appeal to the Interstate
Commerce Commission.

Senator Gardner, in a long statement analyzing the bill,
declares that the transition of the express business from pri-
vate corporations to government control could take p'ace
in a day, and the business continue on the morrow without
visible change to the public in the effectiveness of the service.
He expects to create sentiment in favor of the bill with the
argument that rates based upon the quantity and distance
of service performed would work no discrimination against
any business, wherever located, and that the system provided
would meet the opposition urged against the proposed "par-
cels post," calline for a flat rate, which small merchants say
would work to the advantage of large mail order houses.

While the bill introduced to-day does not fix rates, Sena-
tor Gardner offers figures showing that express charges in
this country are now sixteen times freight charges, and in-
dicating that under the postal system this ratio could be re-
duced to about five and one-half to one, and at the same
time the express business would be extended to the entire
country. — New York Globe, Feb. 26.

WHAT?

E. C. T. A. Convention

WHEN?
April 4-6

WHERE?

Albany, N. Y.

57 U>jy-y\ 5 ■*-

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Slje SuainPBa J0urnal

A NIGHT IN YELLOWSTONE PARK.
By E. E. Gaylord. Beverly, Mass.

HIXD smoked glasses to protect our eyes from
the sun glare we had been riding all day, past
the Obsidian Cliff, the Paint Pots, the Devil's
Frying Pan, the rainbow-tinted and limpid hot
pools. We had followed our guide timorously
over me trust of the Xorris Geyser Basin, for all the world
like walking over the ice of a pond in March when the ice
is breaking up and planks support you across treacherous
cracks, while open water is Ik re and there. But — it was
not cold.

Well, tired and sated with wonderment we welcomed the
sight of tents pitched under the trees on the side of a moun-
tain a few rods from the Firehole River, and near the River-
side Geyser. Here we were on the edge of the Upper Geyser
Basin — the big fellows (the Beehive, the Giant, the Giantess,
the Grotto, Old Faithful, etc.) are here — where we were
to spend the following day.

In the twilight we attacked the "grub" on the picnic table
with a hunger whetted by active exercise in a wonderfully
stimulating clear, dry air. About nine o'clock, we were tuck-
ing ourselves into our well-covered cots (for it is cold there
at night, even in August) when suddenly the camp huskies
began shouting "The Riverside! The Riverside!! Every-
body up ! !"

Out we tumbled, jerking on as little clothing as primitive
conditions would sanction, and with a bed blanket thrown
about us, we scrambled down the mountainside near to the
geyser, which was throwing a magnificent stream of boiling
water nearly across the river. The hiss and rattle of the
water as it fell into the river, and the weird effect of the
lanterns among the great forest trees, while ghostly figures
of men and women peered about, were very impressive ; and
it was a long time after our return to the tents before we
went to sleep.

Along in the night a queer cry. almost like a human scream,
wakened some of us; and the drivers who hunted up the
strayed horses in the morning said they found that a moun-
tain lion had been in our vicinity the night before. The cook
reported that he found bear tracks around the "grub wagon,"
but all agreed that that was a very common experience and
that the bears were not dangerous if not interfered with. I
found this to be true in some later experiences with bears
on this trip.

About daylight I got up. being chilly, and went down to
the Riverside Geyser. It had formed a sort of concrete wall
— in appearance not unlike an enlarged wooden enclosure
about a well — with a small crater standing at an angle to-
ward the river. All about the uneven lime-like platform
from which the concrete "well" rose, there were small open-
ings through which the water boiled up. The wall was
very warm and comfortable, and I leaned against it as 1
wrote several postcards to the home folks.

After a while, the driwr of the wagon 1 rode in, came along
with a bucket. lie was going across the bridge to the
nearest hot springs — a quarter of a mile off — to get water for
breakfast. I said, "Come lure. Dick. I'll dip it right out of
the Riverside."

"I shouldn't do that if I were you," said Dick,

"Why not' It's perfectly safe."

"No, it ain't." he replied. "It may go off any minute, and
you ain't safe there. Do you see them little columns of
water boiling up around your feet? Well, we call 'em 'indica-
tors,' and 1 should saj she's goin' off before long."

"Well. Dick, that's all right. I'll be careful. Give me your
pail."

He did, and I tilled it, not from the main mouth of the

geyser, but from one of the openings on the platform. He
thanked me and went away. Pretty soon I saw him on his
way after another pailful.

"Here, Dick," said I, "don't make yourself work for noth-
ing. Come over here."

He did it, but with evident reluctance.

"Now. sir, you mind what I'm telling you. You'll get
hurt, sooner or later."

"All right, Dick. You've done your part. Here goes." But
the water really was boiling considerably higher out of the
holes, and I approached cautiously from behind the can-
non-like throat of the concrete "well." Just as I filled the
pail and was straightening up, something broke loose, and
I jumped back a yard or so, slopping a little of the hot water
on my foot. The Riverside had let fly ; but it was simply a
gigantic concrete nozzle to a Gargantuan subterranean hose,
and tin feet away there was not the slightest discomfort or
danger. Soon the members of our party, in various states
of dishabille, were out watching the play of the water in
the clear morning light, and the vast clouds of steam rising
over the evergreens two or three miles away, while the Bee-
hive Geyser half a mile off beckoned to us.

After awhile, since it was not yet breakfast time, two stu-
dents from Dixon, Illinois, who were of my wagon-party,
joined me, and we went over to the Beehive. It is most in-
teresting, absolutely unlike the simple structure of the River-
side. There are many openings, at all sorts of angles, all
round the structure, and the water boils and swirls viciously
about inside as high as a man's chest and shoulders. It is
not a joke to "peek" into one of those openings, but we
did it. Then we went on to the Giant, still different in forma-
tion, much like the hollow trunk of a prehistoric tree, in fact.
While we were there 1 heard the rattle of a great volume
of falling water, and, turning quickly and looking vaguely
about, we saw the great Beehive in action. We ran back, and
shouted to the rest of the party, many of whom got to the
geyser before it ceased playing. It was a sight to be remem-
bered always.

James G. BIythe, the inimitable author of the "Who's Who
— and Why" page of the Saturday Evening Post, alludes in
one of his crackling figures of speech to what happens when
one throws a cake of soap into the Beehive Geyser. I don't
know what it is. but I carry life and accident insurance, and
I am going to find out before I get to Spokane in July
even if I lose the rest of my cranial covering in trying.

mKh

?r^

The above is an illustration of the Banff Springs Hotel.
Banff, Aha., on the line of the Canadian Pacific Ry. " Banff is
■i.juu feet above sea level, and has become famous as a
mountain resort.

Hl]c lBustnraa Journal

WASTEFULNESS OF DUPLICATED EFFORT IN
COMPUTING TIME AND INTEREST.

More and more it is being regarded as absolutely absurd
for any business man to allow needless waste of time and
energy in any department of his business, and the day has
come' when time and interest and its other items can be
computed mechanically with vast economies of brain power
time and money by means of a marvelous mechanical de-
vice, not like an adding machine or an adaption of any add-
ing or calculating machine idea, but a machine of highly
specialized efficiency, unapproached for speed and accuracy
in its field, a machine that is not "a Jack of all trades." Just
as men are fitted for certain lines of work, and specialize
along those lines, so it is working out to remarkable advan-
tage fri installing labor saving devices that will do a certain
work well. There is no advantage in using a machine or
work that it is not fitted for and only accomplishes in a round
about way. The work connected with interest calculations
is full of detail. In arithmetic there are around 40 pages on
interest. In attempting to build a machine that will take
care of all the items that come up in interest and calcula-
tions, there were many things to overcome, and this calcula-
tor, that takes care of all such work must be classed as ?
wonderful machine and beside other machines has points
of merits beyond comparison.

This new machine known as the Meilicke Calculator, man-
ufactured by the Meilicke Calculator Company, Chicago, 111.,
is made up of four devices, a Time Computer, Holiday De-
tector, Maturity binder and Interest Calculator. Each one
of these devices could be operated separately and would be
an improvement over present methods, but in the machine
the four devices are combined as one, and in any problem
the operating of but one device brings to register answers
on all the others, so that one turn of the hand wheel gives
four distinct answers. The machine computes interest at
any rate on any amount, reckons time between any two
dates; and detects whether or not the date of maturity is
a Sunday, Saturday, or a legal holiday — all in one simple
untiring band movement, thus accomplishing the work of
man) minutes in a few seconds — with the added advantage
of absolute accuracy being assured. The Meilicke Calcula-
tor is built like a clock, but is more accurate ; it never varies
a tenth part of a cent and maintains its accuracy year in and
year out. In the ordinary computing machine, a mental op-
eration must be performed — the problem must be solved by
the mind of the operator before the result can be obtained
on the machine. The Meilicke Calculator gives the exact
answer to an interest problem without a thought on the part
of the operator. All that is necessary is to refer to the
proper date from which interest is to-be computed, revolve
I the results flash out quickly anil absolutely
In spite of the fact that this machine enables one
man to accomplish the ordinary work of three — it does not
seek nor aim to displace skilled human endeavor, but to free
the expert's mind from the shackling grind of picayune, un-
it) detail thus increasing brain productiveness and
mental activity. It puts accounting efficiency at a premium
in~tead of a discount— and this through eliminating the drudg-
cr\ of brain-tiring, thankless and unproductive detail. This
i is the culmination of combined mechanical ingenuity
and expert accounting knowdedge.

This Calculator does not compute one item at a time, as

is usual, but gives you all answers as to amount of interest
time between dates, date of maturity and whether a holiday
simultaneously with a single turn of the hand wheel. It is
this ability to jump from problem to answer direct without
secondary calculations which commends the Meilicke Cal-
culator to progressive men as an indispensable item of equip-
ment in ad offices where the computation of interest enters
into daily transactions. This machine calculates with equal
precision" and facility, no matter whether it be for thirty
clavs, ninetv days or Ine years and ninety-seven days. The
calendars are perpetual and the holiday detectors are easily-
arranged to provide for any number or specification of holi-
days which may be peculiar to any particular business or lo-
cality. Interest calculations in foreign money are figured
as easily as in American money. As no dollar signs are used
the machine serves for marks, francs, etc., as well as for
dollars.

In an every day problem like the following: Xote of $70C
dated November 11, 1911, bearing interest at 5 1/2% re-
quired to find the accrued interest up to date, you get your
answer in interest direct by one slight move of your hand
Your cue is to turn to date of note when your answer in
interest appears without even glancing at the result in days
which of course is immaterial except as a means to an end.
The answer in days however is there if wanted. In almost
every interest problem there are at least two elements — 1st
Time, and 2nd, Interest. By any other method than The
Meilicke Calculator, the time must be computed as a separate
and preliminary operation before you can begin to compute
interest. The strong feature of the Meilicke Calculator is
that it not only reckons time, but actually eliminates the ele-
ment of time. The Meilicke operator taking a single date
as his cue gives the hand wheel a slight turn to bring up
that particular day on the calendar wheel and then reads his
interest without even referring to the time. This machine
saves all of the time now spent by accountants in calculating
time. Figuring interest on notes on which partial payments
appear is computed by dealing with the date of original note
and date of each payment only and without even finding a
new principal.

There are 52 Saturdays. ."2 Sundays and about 16 holidays
in a year, a total of 120 days or about one-third of the year
so that approximately one-third of the paper made out re-
gardless of holidays will fall on holidays and interest should
be figured for from one to three days beyond maturity date.
It is safe to say that on this account about one-third of all
loans run an average of two days for which sometimes no
interest is charged. The Calculator automatically finds the
date of maturity and at the same time shows whether oi
not that day falls on a holiday, Saturday or Sunday. This
in itself is a great saving of time as it wholly relieves the ac-
countant's mind of the holiday question, and saves him the
necessity of consulting a holiday calendar.

It is true that machine thinking can never replace creative
or constructive thinking but it is destined to supersede men-
tal drudgery and repeated thinking. That which the brain
does mechanically, a machine can do faster and better once
the human brain has produced the machine. Human brains
ought to be employed to better advantage than in doing the
\m irk of machines.

The Meilicke Calculator has been developed by men who
are familiar with all angles of interest computation and who
understand the practical requirements of a machine designed
to cover this field. Seven years of research, study and me-
chanical development preceded the introduction of this ma-
chine to the market, during which time every possible con-
tingency was anticipated and every working problem brought
to a practical solution.

THE APPEARANCE OF EVIL.

"Sister Henderson," said Deacon Hypers, "you should
avoid even the appearance of evil."

"Why, deacon, what do you mean!-" asked Sister Hender-
son.

"I observe that on your sideboard you have several cut-
glass decanters and that each of them is half filled With
what appears to be ardent spirits."

"Well, now. deacon, it isn't anything of the kind. The
bottles look so pretty on tin sideboard that I just nl'.ed them
halfway with some floor stain and furniture polish, just for
mces."

"That's why I'm cautioning you, sister," replied tha dea-
con, "heeling a trifle weak and faint, I helped myself to a
dose from the big bottle in the middle." — London Teltsjraplt.

57 Lpyrr! S -^

% % V* «

QJl|e Bubuwbh .Journal

VII

G. W. BROWN CELEBRATES COMPLETION OF 45
YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK.

N February I6th at Jacksonville, 111., occurred the
anniversary marking the completion of forty-five
Nl years spent in the cause of commercial educa-
|E tion by G. W. Brown. To commemorate the
Ba| event, the new home of the Jacksonville Busi-
was dedicated and opened to the public. Appro-
priate exercises were held, in which the teachers demon-
strated to the visiting parents the progress the students were
making, and how the various subjects were handled in the
class room.

In this day of big business the careers of our successful
business men are held up as a model to the young students.
The struggle for an education, overcoming environments and
conquering in the face of almost insurmountable obstacles
tend to develop a character that is worthy to pattern after.
Too often, however, the thought occurs that only in the fi-
nancial world, or at the head of great commercial enter-
prises may be found a character to emulate. But such is
not the case. In our own profession, we have in the person
of G. W. Brown, president of the nationally known Brown
Business Colleges, an example of a self-made man whom
we can all cite with honor.

After graduating from the Eastman Business College, of
Poughkeepsie, X. Y., Mr. Brown took Horace Greeley's ad-
vice and went West. In 18(57 he took his first position with
the Jacksonville Business College, the school which was des-
tined to be the starting point of a chain of twenty-nine
schools. Mr. Brown ser\ed an apprenticeship of twenty-one

years in this scl 1. teaching penmanship and bookkeeping

Then the thought occurred to him to enlarge the scope of
his work. Peoria, an adjacent city, was selected for an ex-
periment. From the start success attended its opening, and
in rapid succession branches were established at Blooming-
ton, Decatur, Streator, until at the present time his schools
are to be found in twenty-two different cities, with an en-
rollment of between 7,000 and s.ooo students.

During the world's fair held at Chicago in 1893 Mr. Brown,
in conjunction with several others, gave an exhibition of the
work done in business schools. He had general charge of
specimens representing sixteen different schools. At the
world's fair held in St. Louis eleven years later the work of
sixteen schools was on exhibition, but this time the schools
were all under the management of Mr. Brown. The only
grand prize ever awarded by a world's fair as a mark of

special recognition was here given to business education, and
Mr. Brown is the proud possessor of it.

So you who are struggling with the cares of a single school
on your hands take heed of Mr. Brown's experience. His
lias been a life of self-denial, rigid economy and persever-
ance, and the success which has crowned his efforts is only
commensurate to the many years of hard work he has spent
in the harness.

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

The Bryant & Stratton Business College, Buffalo, X. Y.,
has recently engaged E. E. McClain, a well-known commercial
teacher.

II. W. English, of Pittsburg, Pa., is now with the High
School, Lewistown, Pa.

J. H. Cooper, an assistant commercial teacher in the Gem
City Business College, Quincy, 111., has taken a similar posi-
tion in the R. I. Commercial School, Providence, R. I.

P. M. Penrod, of the Bowling Green, Ky., Business Uni-
versity, has engaged with the Mt. Sterling, Ky., Collegiate In-
stitute.

\\ '. F. Giessetnan, of the Beutel Business College, Tacoma
Wash., goes to the Seattle, Wash., Business College.

The So. Bethlehem, Pa., Business College has secured the
services of S. Ed McConnell, a graduate of Mt. Union Col-
li ge, Alliance, Ohio.

M. R. Smith, Columbus, Ohio, has accepted a position with
the Elyria, Ohio, Business College.

Paul R. Eldridge, late of the Euclid School, Brooklyn, X.
Y.. is now assistant commercial teacher in the Xew Bedford,
Mass., High School.

C I-".. Everett, of the Bowling Green, Ky., Business Uni-
versity, is the new teacher of commercial subjects in the Xa-
tipnal Business College, Minneapolis, Minn.

John H. Keys resigned his position. at the Eastern High

Scl 1, Bay City, Mich., and accepted a similar one with the

High School, McKeesport, Pa.

Mrs. Hattie D. Lufkin, of the Eastport, Me., High School,
is now in charge of the commercial work in the Orange,
Mass., High School.

J. E. Gilkey, of the Bowling Green, Ky., Business Uni-
\ ersity, goes to the American Business College, Pueblo, Colo.,
and J. T. Butts, formerly of the same school, is now the
commercial teacher in the Dutchtown, La., High School.

F. R. Burden, formerly of Columbia and Mexico, Mo., is
now with the Pacific Coast School of Railroading, Sacra-
mento, Calif.

J. S. Eccles now has charge of the penmanship work in
the Xorthwestern Business" College, Chicago, 111.

Charles Schovanek, formerly Supervisor of Writing, Cleve-
land, Ohio, now occupies a similar position in Manchester,
X. H.

O. C. Dorncy, the efficient and progressive principal of the
American Commercial School, of Allentown, Pa., recently
held a public demonstration of the merits of the stenotype
machine. The commercial department of his school was
crowded with interested spectators, who marveled at the
sight they beheld. The machine was subjected to severe
tests, but proved capable of doing all its manufacturer
claimed for it. One operator wrote at the extraordinary
rate of 563 words a minute. This device, of which a write-
up was given in our September, 1911, issue, will soon be
placed on the market. About thirty have been made up for
the instruction, of the representatives of commercial schools,
but the factory will soon be able to turn these out at the
rate of one every seven minutes. Mr. Dorney's school is now
equipped with one of these machines, Miss Helen Dorney
having taken a course of instruction at the factory. At the
end of ten weeks she wrote at a speed of 150 words a minute.

SIjp Suainpaa 3mtrttal

VIII

PUBLIC SCHOOL PENMANSHIP.
By J. H. Bachtexkircher, Lafayette, Ind.

Position.
OOKIXG back over my past experience as a
teacher of penmanship, I am thoroughly con-
vinced that a correct position is the very Corner
Stone in learning to write well. Freedom, form,
penholding, etc., all depend, almost wholly, upon
correct body position. This is the first step in teaching
children to write. Judging from pupils entering our city
schools from elsewhere, position receives little or no atten-
tion. The human body is a machine. It may be good or it
may be bad. Whatever its condition, it performs its func-
tions according to well regulated laws. It is our mission and
dutj to improve it, and just how is the vital question. Calis-
thenics, gymnastics, physical culture, and a variety of games
and exercises are diversions for developing the physical man,
or in other words, improving the Machine. Now, if we wish
to write well, since the condition of the machinery must de-
termine the result, would it not be well to take a survey of
that in our charge, and note its adjustment? Will a good
watch keep correct time without adjustment? Will a machine
<if any kind work properly without constant care and atten-
tion? Will not a slight mal-adjustment affect the whole?

NEW BOOKS.

The Mastery of Memorizing. Cloth, 12 mo., $1.00. James
P. Downs, Publisher, New York City.

The subject of memory training is receiving much atten-
tion at this time. Many articles have been written on the
matter tending to show that this faculty may be cultivated the
same as any other. Mr. Downs treats the subject in a sane,
logical manner; none of the absurd statements are found in
his book which are so prevalent in some literature treating
with the development of the memory'.

A. First Book in Business Methods, by Wm. Teller, Credit
Man, the Puritan Mfg. Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., and H. E.
Brown, Principal of the Rock Island, 111., High School.
Published by Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago. Price 75c.

This book is intended primarily for the class room, but
the information it contains is of such a nature as to make it
a valuable asset to the office employe. All of the details of
the business office, such as letter writing, banking, insurance,
commercial law and transportation, are handled in a clear
and concise manner. At the close of each chapter is a
questionaire which is intended for a review of the preceding
matter, and aids the reader in receiving the full benefit of
what he has just gone over, and tends to bring out new
thoughts on the subject. The book is profusely illustrated,
showing the various forms used in an office, as for instance

A Second Year Class in Writing Position.

Will not turning the eye of a needle the wrong way in a sew-
ing machine break the thread? Does it make any difference
how we sit when we write? Does it make any difference
whether the seat is too high or too low for its occupant?
Will the average machine run freely and correctly, if not
in proper position? Does the machinist use a level in plac-
ing an engine? Will not the bending of a writer's spine or
wrist, the wrong position of his arm or hand or any minor
detail effect the work? Notice the "hobble skirt," effect of
the pupil leaning far over his desk with elbows wide spread
and face close to the paper. Why attempt to write at all
or instruct those under our care, if we are profoundly ig-
norant of the causes which produce certain effects? The
illustration herewith is a second year class in regular, working
position.

March 2nd, 1912.
Mr. and Mrs. W

BIRTHS.
Carl Meyers. 9 Pounds.

C. Brownfield, Bowling Green, Ky.

shipping receipts, bills of lading, money orders, drafts, mort-
gages, insurance policies, etc.

Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Eastern Com-
mercial Teacher*' Association, held at Bridgeport, Conn.,
April 13-15, 1911. 157 pages. Published by the Association
Extra copies may be secured free of charge from F. E.
Lakey, Boston, Mass. To non-members 25c a copj

This report contains most of the addresses delivered at
the convention. A variety of topics of interest to commercial
teachers, such as Business English, Commercial Geography,
Shorthand and Typewriting, are most ably treated in these
talks. Teachers who have not received a copy of this report
should send for one, as it will prove very interesting and
helpful.

Additional Exercises for Pitman's Shorthand Commercial
Course. A series of original exercises on every rule in the
system, specially compiled and adapted for use with Pitman's
commercial course. Published by Isaac Pitman & Sons, New
York. 80 pages. Price 40c

57 Lp/tyi S •?■

QHje iBuautPBfl Journal

The ubjcct of the bock is to supply teachers and students
with a series of supplements'-)- exercises. The scheme of the
book follows that of Pitman's course. Word and sentence
exercises are given on each rule, and the student may com-
mence the practice by writing from dictation almost from
the beginning of the study of the theory.

Manual dc fonografia Espanola. An adaptation of the Pit-
manic system of shorthand to the Spanish language. De-
signed for use in business and high schools and for self-in-
struction. 123 pages. Published by Isaac Pitman & Sons
.New York. Price $1.25.

I 'aimer's Penmanship Budget; revised edition; containing
a complete course of instruction in the most practical and
popular system of business writing now extant. A collection
of specimens of business writing and choice gems of pen
art by America's greatest penmen and teachers. Compiled
by A X. Palmer and W. C. Henning, Editor and Associate
Editor respectively of the American Penman. Published by
A. X. Palmer Co., Cedar Rapids, la. Size 9x12. 136 pages
Price $1.00.

The Budget is a complete school of plain and ornamental
penmanship, treating scientifically and specifically plain and
ornate writing, offhand flourishing, illustrating, engrossing
and pen drawing. While some of the instructions in the les-
sons are directed to graded school teachers and refer to pu-
pils of the various grades, they are equally applicable to stu-
dents in commercial and other courses. The lessons start
with the simplest movement drills, and lead up to the most
difficult work that a penman is called upon to perform. The
student is assisted greatly by the timely hints that accompany
each lesson.

The Demoralization of College Life. Report of an investi-
gation at Harvard and a Reply to my Critics. By R. T
Crane. 3D pages, pamphlet form. Issued by Crane Co., Chi-
cago.

Mr. Crane is not in sympathy with educational institutions
beyond the common school, and has spent much time in in-
vestigating various seats of learning in the United States.
In this form he gives a report made by an investigator whom
he engaged to study conditions alleged to prevail at Harvard,
and a number of short articles pertaining to other colleges.

Progressive Lessons in Business Writing. An effective sys-
tem of simple penmanship for all who desire to write. Pub-
lished by the author, C. S. Rogers, principal of the San Fran-
cisco Accountancy Institute, San Francisco, Cal. Size 3x8
Price 25c.

Contains a series of forty-eight lessons scientifically ar-
ranged according to their ease of execution. More than this
the letters have been grouped and those made with a similar
movement are placed together, also the letters having one
or more strokes in common are grouped. Concise yet com-
prehensive instructions accompany each lesson. The models
for practice are exceptionally fine specimens of business writ-
ing.

The Expert Stenographer, by Herbert J. Stephenson. Ala-
meda, Cal. Published by the author. Price 75c.

This book is intended as a practical and reliable guide and
reference book for stenographers, clerks and correspondents
Mr. Stephenson has had twenty years' experience as a stenog-
rapher, therefore is well qualified to suggest many little helps
and hints to the stenographer that will prove of assistance.
The book contains much information pertaining to various
matters of interest to an amanuensis, as for instance the
postal rates, commercial law and transportation.

Specimens received from the American Correspondence
Association, Washington, D. C, of which J. J. Truitt is the
founder, show some very nice work in ornamental writing.
This school gives lessons in all branches of pen art, as well

A TRIUMPH FOR COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.

HE cause of commercial education in this day is
receiving a tremendous impetus in its march for-
ward. Never before has the thought been so
paramount that the duty of every parent lies
in equipping his son and daughter with a thor-

ou6u i nercial education before they enter the business

wi irld.

The city of Newark, X. J., realized the part commercial
education is playing in business affairs, and plans which had
been under contemplation for over two years bore their
fruit when on February l >t the magnificent Central Commer-
cial and -Manual Training High School was opened with an
enrollment of eleven hundred students, over half of whom
are taking a commercial course. The site and building cost
Si. I .ono

Mr. \\ einer, who for many years has had charge of the
science department in the Barringer High School of Xewark,
was -elected for principal of the Central Commercial School.
He has had the experience necessary to make an unquali-
fied success in his new position; his ideas are practical, and
under Ins jurisdiction, we have no doubt this school will gain
an enviable reputation within a short time. The school will
have two sessions, keeping the students occupied until four
o'clock m the afternoon, as Mr. Weiner has always been of
the opinion that one session affords too short a space of
time to do a good day's work except under high pressure.
This also gives the students more time under the personal
direction of the teacher.

Th< commercial department has been placed in charge of
I). A. McMillin, one of the best known commercial teachers
in the United States. He was formerly principal of Hank's
Business College, Philadelphia, leaving that position to be-
come general manager of the Newark Business College. When
this six foot three inch specimen of a human dynamo steps
on the rostrum the attention of the class is at once centered
on the subject in hand. His is a personality that seems to
radiate enthusiasm and determination, and the Board of Direc-
tors are to he congratulated that they secured his services

This is the second school with a large commercial attend-
ance that has been opened m Xewark recently. Last year
the East Side School was organized under the principalship
of Thos. Kennedy. L. A Waugh, formerly of the West Side
School, Rochester, X. Y„ and G. H. Dalrymple, who at one
time was connected with the Holyoke, Mass., High School,
are giving an excellent account of themselves in handling the
commercial department.

Xewark. with its surrounding suburbs and adjacent cities,
affords a population of over a half million for these schools
to draw from, and their magnitude is fully warranted. The
state of Xew Jersey has made inestimable progress within the
past decade in furthering the cause of education, as is evi-
denced by the magnificent school buildings that have been
erected and the vigilant watch that is maintained in order
that the curriculum may be so designed as to prove most ad-
vantageous to the student.

RICHARD BLOSSOM FARLEY WINS PRIZE.

An Associated Press Despatch from Philadelphia says
that Richard Blossom Farley has been awarded the Academy
iiis picture "Sands of Barnegat" in the
107th annual exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of
Fine Arts. The prize is $100, and the winner is chosen by
a vote of the Academy Fellowship and is for the best picture
shown in the annual exhibition by a member of the fellowship
who has studied in the academy during the last ten years.

Richard Farley is the son of the well-known penman and
teacher, D. H. Farley, of Trenton. X. J. For a number of
years he was a favorite pupil of the celebrated Whistler with
the result that he has made a name for himself as one of

Sljr Suainraa Jauntal

COMMERCIAL LAW.
By L. B. Mathias, Bridgeport, Conn., High School.

Address delivered at the Connecticut Association of High
School and Classical Teachers, Hartford, Conn., February,
1912.

-j. IV should commercial law have a place in the
j|/ commercial course of a high school? Has it
It cultural or practical value? An affirmative an-
SHftiB skit to the second question gives a complete an-
Ijg^gjyg swer to the first. One writer lias declared that
it is superior to geometry in developing the logical thinking
powers of the high school student. Whether we agree with
him or not, I believe we are willing to admit that a proper
study of the subject does develop the reasoning faculties of
the student, and prepares him more fully for business and
for citizenship. The purpose of the commercial course in
the high school is not simply to prepare stenographers and
bookkeepers for the community, but to develop the student
as an individual and as a useful member of sociaty ; to give
to the world efficient and practical business men and women.
They should be acquainted with legal terms and not make
the mistake of the woman, whose husband died intestate,
and who wanted to be appointed conservator of her children.
Coming to the probate judge's office, she .'aid: "Are you
the judge of reprobates?" "I am tne judge of probate, mad-
am; is there anything that I can do for you?" "Yes, my
husband died detested, and left me three little infidels, and I
want to be appointed their executioner." Ignorantia legis
neminem excusat; therefore, our students should know some-
thing of the responsibilities they are to assume after they
leave us, and the rights they may acquire in the world of busi-
ness.

Having decided that commercial law is a necessary sub-
ject in our curricula, the questions arise: When should it
be taught, and how should we teach it? In Bridgeport, it is
taught in the last semester of the senior year. I think it is
an excellent subject with which to round out the course, and
then the knowledge gained in its study will more likely go
with the student into the practical affairs of life. As a clerk,
he should be familiar with the principles pertaining to Ne-
gotiable Instruments and Agency. As a tenant, he should
know all the rights of Landlord and Tenant. As an employer
or business man, he should be thoroughly conversant with
all the principles of commercial law that may present them-
selves 111 his business. It is both expensive and inconvenient
to consult an attorney on every point of law, just as it is to
consult a physician every time you think you have an ache
or pain. I firmly believe that ignorance of the laws of busi-
ness is the cause of more litigations and big lawyer fees than
all other causes combined; just as ignorance of the laws of
health is the principal cause of sickness and large doctor bills.
After fifteen years' experience as a teacher of this sub-
• I feel my weakness in advising others how to teach
it: therefore. I will not be guilty of giving advice, for it has
lid that the worst kind of vice is advice. I will give
onl) a little of my own experience. The fact is that I vary
my methods in teaching commercial law just as I do in teach-
ing any other subject. Too much of the same method will
make an) subject monotonous, no matter how fascinating it
in itself. There is no subject more monotonous than
commercial law, if taught only topically and prefunctorily
with a certain number of pages each day. The teacher him-
self must be well prepared; he must be full of his subject,
or he will bring to his class a stagnant pool instead of a living
spring. A pastor announced at the morning service that the
Rev. A Y. Jones would lecture that evening on "The Works
of the Devil." He said : "Brother Jones should have a large

and appreciative audience for he is full of his subject." No
matter what the subject of the recitation may be, if the
teacher is so full of it that he can fill his students with en-
thusiasm, they will do the rest. Otherwise, they will take a
rest.

Frauds, and the Sale of Goods Act, as given in our text-
book, are almost verbatim with the Statutes of Connecticut.
Some teachers prefer the lecture plan. If this plan be used,
the class should be required to take notes and the lecture
thoroughly reviewed by the questions at the next recitation.
This assures close attention at the time of the lecture and
fixes the principles in the minds of the students. We have
been criticised by an unthinking public for teaching too many
subjects. The fact is that we do not teach too many sub-
jects, but we often give too much attention to non-essentials.
We should not expect our students, immature as they are,
to remember every little detail, but they should remember
the important principles which may be of practical benefit
to them in the business world.

There is no other subject in the high school in which ethi-
cal culture can be more fully inculcated. There are many
places where we can show clearly the difference between muni-
cipal and moral law ; for instance — an honest man's debts are
not cancelled by the Statutes of Limitations, and a young
man is morally bound to take care of his aged parents in-
stead of allowing them to be taken to the town farm. Many
opportunities present themselves here to the teacher to
inculcate honesty in the future business man, and to show him
what success really means. That it does not mean the mere
acquisition of wealth, unless he can have the approbation of
his own conscience and the respect of his fellow-men. That
he could live strictly within the law, and yet be a failure
in everything that goes to make up a true man and a re-
spected citizen of the commonwealth. That character is
the principal element of success; and that a reputation for
honesty and for strict integrity, is an imperishable capital
that will make his fortune superior to accidental reverses ;
and that will cause his name to be revered long after he has
passed from the busy scenes of this world.

A RAPID ENVELOPE SEALER.
The Acorn Brass Mfg. Co., of Aurora, 111., are putting an
envelope sealer on the market that is certainly capable of
doing a vast amount of work in a short time. This concern,
which claims the distinction of being the pioneers in the
sealing machine business, manufactures two styles, one that
is run by hand and the other operated by electric power, and
the statement has been made that there are over 10,000 of
this make of machine used in this country today. Xowadayi
the appearance of a firm's mail carries with it a subtle in-
fluence, and no up-to-date business man can afford to be
without a modern envelope sealer. Many a check has been
lost in the mail through careless sealing, and this is a safe-
guard the sealer machine affords the business house. The

57 Lpyyy) 5 -^

» % » % * % % %

ijlie iBuBtttPBfl iluurnal

Acorn machines are built in a compact, stable manner. The
cost of their up-keep amounts to practically nothing, as onlj
the best material is used in their construction. The manu-
facturers claim the two electric machines have a capacity each
of 8,000 letters an hour. The hand power machine is quoted
at $2."). The electrical sealer is made in two sizes; the one
intended for lighter work costs $40, and for heavj work
$60. As the manufacturers of the Acorn state that their
their product is capable of turning out practically the same
amount of work in a satisfactory manner as other machines
costing $100 to $130, their quotations are very reasonable.
That they have full faith in their product is vouched for bj
the fact that they offer to send a machine on a 10 days' fret
trial.

POSSIBILITIES OF THE PANAMA CANAL.
From Consul General John L. Griffiths, London.

The following is an extract from the London Daily Tele-
graph of February l, VJ12. in reference to the Panama
Canal and the building of ships in British waters for service
on said waterways :

While the opening of the canal will give a great impetus
to trade with the west coast of South America, it is ex-
pected to do equally great things for the Western States of
America and British Columbia. At present, it is said, the
cost of the land journey right across the continent is rela-
tively prohibitive. Given cheap through steamship communi-
cation by way of Panama from Europe to the Pacific ports,
and we shall, it is averred, sec a big emigration traffic spring
up which will bring greatly increased prosperity to the Pacific
slope. Then, again, it is pretty evident that not a little of
the freight traffic which now goes eastward to the sea will
find its natural port of shipment on the Pacific. Altogether
the Panama waterway foreshadows so many possible changes
that steamship managers may well be excused if they are anx-
ious as to the new plans it will necessitate.

From the Tyne comes the interesting news that not a
few of the steamers now building on the northeast coast are
designed for the navigation of the Panama Canal. The
orders for these vessels, says the correspondent who sends the
information, have been placed very quietly, and in many cases
it is not yet known for which particular branch of the Pacific
trade they arc intended. The fact that the vessels are design-
ed to carry as much tonnage as possible on a restricted draft
of water is held to leave no doubt as to the intention of the
owners. This presumably does not mean that they must not
draw much water if they wish to get through the canal. The
new waterway will have an advantage over the Suez Canal
in this respect, for is has been specifically designed to secure
the passage of modern ships of deep draft. The inference is
that the trades in which these vessels will be engaged will
not be associated with deep-water harbors, and that that fact
has hi be taken into account.

If report is correct we shall this year see a good many
more vessels ordered, in view of the completion of the Pana-
ma enterprise. It may be assumed, too, that Continental
countries are also maturing their plans for the opening up
of new services with new ships. In the United States it is
being sought to achieve the same end by a bill now before
Congress which would have curious consequences. It would
allow Americans to buy foreign-built ships and register them
in their own country, provided -uch ships are never used for
coastwise trade — which in the largest sense means trade be-
tween New York and San Francisco — and are strictly con-
fined to foreign-going trade. It is of course in its
going shipping that the United States is essentially weak. If
the bill pa-scs we shall see for the first time on record a
mercantile marine split into two separate and permanent di-
visions. An incidental feature of the measure is that all ship-
building material shall be admitted free of dutv into the

A HANDY ELECTRICAL DEVICE.

\\ hatever else may be offered as testimonial to the value of

an electric light fixture for the office or home, there can be

no more eloquent plea for consideration than by the electric

fixture that first insures health by providing protection to

Mi-placed electric lamps will handicap an entire office or
organization. And this is only a conservative state-
ment, considering what conditions may exist where there
is imperfect or misdirected light. Nature never intended the
human eye to tolerate the tiring glare from an electric light
filament.

The many different electric lamp fixtures and systems
advocated for office, home or factor] lighting, while each

Neck

having some individual point of merit, ai la k ng in re-
sources for changing the rays at will, to meet the need for
concentration at some particular point — and to keep the
worker's or reader's eyes shaded from the glare.

Almond Flexible Arms and the Almond Flexo Lamp man-
ufactured by T. L. Almond Mfg. Co., Ashburnham, .Mass.,
give the best service, offer the greatest convenience, are the
most economical. They meet every need for perfect light
under all conditions.

Light exactly where you want it and instantaneously ad-
justable every time you change the position of your body,
your book or newspapers is offered by the Almond Flexo
Lamp.

The lamp is portable, the Ann flexible and adjustable at
any angle or position at the will of the user.

\n Almond insures light, comfort and satisfaction I >> -had-
ing the eyes and concentrating rays on the work or printed
paper. The Almond Flexo Lamp is indispensable for roll
top and flat top desks. It may be used for a large variety
of purposes in the office.

A new Almond Telescopic floor Lamp is also a valuable
addition to the office light equipment. It keeps the desk clear
and enables the stenographer to transcribe and typewrite with
greater speed and to better advantage.

COMPENSATION.

"Into your hands will be placed the exact results of your
efforts. You will receive that which you earn — no more, no
lc-s. Whatever \uur present circumstances might be, you
will fall, remain, or rise with your efforts, your visions, your
aim.

To desiri is to obtain; to aspire is to achieve. The thought-
less, the ignorant and the indolent, seeing only the apparent
effect of things, and not the things themselves, talk of luck,
of fortune and of chance, Seeing a man grow rich, they
say, 'How lucky he is1' Observing another becoming intel-
ligent, they exclaim. 'How highly fortunate he is!'

Thej do not see the trials, the failures, the struggles which
these have encountered; have no knowledge of the sacrifices
they have made, of the undaunted efforts the) have put forth
that they may overcome the apparently insurmountable, and
realize the goal of their ambition. They do not know the
darkness and the heartaches ; only see the light and joy, and
call it 'luck;' do not see the long and arduous journey, but
only the pleasant goal, and call it 'good fortune;' do not
understand the process, but only perceive the result, and call

THE PROGRAM OF THE EASTERN COMMERCIAL

TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.

Albany, N. Y.

April -1-5-6, 1912.

Thursday Afternoon.

2 :3U P. M. Two addresses of welcome. Speakers to be

chosen by the Local Committee.

Response on behalf of the Association — E. H. Fisher.
Somerville, Mass.

Annual Address — Calvin O. Althouse, President, Director.
School of Commerce, Central High School, Phila., Pa.

"The Real Meaning of Business English" — G. B. Hotchkiss
Asst. Professor of Business English, New York University.
Thursday Evening.
8 P. M. Public Meeting — Address — "Democracy and Edu-
cation," W. X. Ferris. Big Rapids, Mich.

Followed by reception at the New Hotel Ten Eyck, under
the auspices of the Local Committee.

Friday Morning.
8:30 A. M. Round Table Meeting for Penmen.
9:30 A. M. General Topic — "Teachers' Training and the
Pedagogy of Commercial Work."

"A Suggested Course in Commercial Training for Teach-
ers." A. J. Meredith, State Normal School^ Salem, Mass.

"New York as a Laboratory for the Commercial Teacher
and the Commercial Student," Dr. Edwin J. Clapp, Asst. Pro-
fessor of Trade and Transportation, New York University.

"Class Method vs. Individual Instruction in the Teaching of
Bookkeeping in Business Schools," G. A. Deel, Eastman Col-
lege, Poughkeepsie, X. Y.

"Methods of leaching Typewriting," Miss Madeline Kin-
nan. Albany, X. Y., Business College.

Address — "Investments and Securities for Salaried People,"
Melville H. Smart, of H. F. Bachman & Co., Philadelphia
Pa,
I (iscussion — Forty-five minute-.

Friday Afternoon.
(Continuation of the Morning Session.)
l' ;30 P. M. — "The Management of a Shorthand Department
in a Business School," H. L. Jacobs, Rhode Island Commer-
cial School, Providence, R. I.

Afternoon Session.
General Topic — The Night School.
"How to Obtain and Hold Xight School Pupils," Milton F.
Stauffer, Business Department of Temple University, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

"The Xight School Problem," William Wiener, Director of
Evening Schools, Xewark, X. J.
1 )iscussion — Twenty-live minutes.
I ieneral Topic — Penmanship.

"Shorthand Penmanship," Lafayette P. Temple, Officia:
Court Reporter, Baltimore, Md.
his ussion — Ten minutes
"Longhand Pi nmanship."

"The Teaching of Penmanship in the Public Schools," Harry
Houston, Supervisor of Penmanship, New Haven, ( onn

"The Teaching of Business Writing," S. G. Jeffrey, Chief
Vrouuiant, ( Jffice of the State Comptroller, Albany, X. Y.
Discussion— Fifteen minutes.

Friday Evening.
Banquet — New Ten Eyck Motel.

Saturday Morning.
M. — General ["opii Specialized Commercial Work
"Rapid Calculation." J C. Kane, Drake School, New York

City.

"The Teaching of Bookkeeping in the High School," John
(j. Kirk. William Penn High School for Girls, Philadelphia
P

"The Leaching-oi thi Raw Materials of Commerce," Wen-
del! P Raine, School of Commerce, Central High School.
Philadelphia, Pa,

l Hie — Commercial Teaching from the Business
Man's Point of View.

Address — "The Training of Office Help, from the Em-
ployer's Point of View," Mr. Storey, Assistant Secretary.
General Electric Company, Schenectady, X. Y.

Address — "Business Efficiency as Applied to Business
Teaching," Homer S. Pace, of Homer S. Pace & Co., Certi-
fied Public Accountants, New York City.
Business Meeting.
Adjournment.

Note — We want all of the delegates to see the Exhibit of
School Penmanship which has been collected by the Penman-
ship Exhibit Committee composed of

Harrv Houston, Henrv W. Patten,

S. E. Bartow, A. X. Palmer,

Geo. K p~-» '"Airman.

C. O. Althouse, President E. C. T. A.

DINNER OF THE NEW ENGLAND COMMERCIAL

TEACHERS.

Bj W. J. Kinsley.

The third annual banquet of the Xew England Commer-
cial Teachers, which was held at the Boston City Club, Bos-
ton, on Saturday evening, February 24, was very largely at-
tended, fully one hundred men being present from various
parts of Xew England.

There was bin oni formal at'ter dinner speech and that
by Rufus W. Stimson. This talk lacked the formality of
some heavy after dinner speeches because of its sprightly
presentation for one reason, and also probably because Mr
Stimson was obliged at the last minute to substitute for Dr.
C. A. Prosser, who was on the program, Mr. Stimson'- talk
had to do with Vocational Training, referring particularly

to the work done under the Commissioner of Education for
the State of Mssachusetts, where students are trained for
fanning, mechanics, etc. Mr. Stimson handled the subject
in an interesting and able manner and showed by the earnest-
ness of his address that he was a true educator.

"How I Happened to Do It. and Mow I Did It" brought
to the front five commercial school proprietors, C. A. Bur-
den. Burden College, Bo-tun, T. B. Stowed. Bryant and
Strattou Business College, Providence. C. B. Post. Worcester
Business Institute, Worcester, E. E. Childs, Childs Business

f€/T>

I % % % % « *

®h? iBuaintHB 3ournal

XIII

College, Providence, H. L. Jacobs, Rhode Island Commercial
School, Providence.

"How I Jimmied into the Profession" was responded to by
\V. L. Anderson, J. B. Knudson, H. C. Bentley, E. E. Gay-
lord and F. E. Lakey.

The talks of both the school proprietors and the teachers
were in the main humorous, but many were full of heart
interest and some of them would do as model literature for
young Americans who desire to succeed, and were especially-
full of encouragement for young struggling commercial
teachers.

The vocal quartet and instrumental trio made delightful
breaks in the program and gave some god music, while "Black
Cracks by Crack Blacks" by two members was a black face
minstrel end-man surprise. It was full of hits upon commerc-
ial teachers and school proprietors who were present and
was greatly enjoyed by everyone.

E. II. Eldridge made an announcement of the forthcoming
meeting of the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association
while E. E. Gaylord did a like duty for the National Com-
mercial Teachers' Federation.

E. II. Fisher, who presided, immediately following the din-
ner and before the regular program began, called for all pres-
ent to stand, as a mark of respect to the memory of E. S
Colton, who died the latter part of January. Mr. Colton
was president of the New England Commercial Teachers' As-
sociation and had much to do with the preparation for this
particular- dinner. The flowers that graced the speakers'
table were sent as a tribute by Mrs. Colton.

Mr. Fisher, in introducing the toast-master, William J.
Kinsley, of Xew York, called attention to the fact that on
his right sat T. B. Stowell of Providence, the toast-master's
teacher, while on his left, sat the toast-master, who in turn
had been Mr Fisher's first penmanship and commercial teach-
er. Mr. Fisher mentioned that E. E. Childs, on his right, then
of Springfield, Mass., was the first man for whom he had
taught. C. A. Burden of Boston, on his left, was the second
man for whom lie had taught.

Before filing into the banquet hall, a social hour and re-
union was indulged in by all and proved very enjoyable.

The dinner itself had a fine menu and was promptly served.
Speaking began early and continued quite late.

R. G. Laird and E. H. Fisher deserve great credit for the
time they have devoted to this particular dinner and those
that have preceded it. There has never been an organi-
zation, but Messrs. Laird and Fisher have pushed the mattet
and have signed themselves "The Self-appointed Commit-
tee"

This dinner was such a pronounced success in every way
that it seems a pity that there should be no permanent or-
ganization to continue in the same line. The Xew Eng-
land commercial teachers r.hould get together and effect ar
organization that would perpetuate these delightful gather-
ings

ROUTES TO SPOKANE.
EACHERS going to the Spokane Convention may
go at excursion rates (practically $65 for the
p® round trip), from Chicago over any one of a
number of Hues, returning by a different line
without extra charge, except that it is customary
to add $15 extra for the return through California.

For instance, the Chicago & Northwestern to Omaha, con-
necting with the Union Pacific to Ogden, there connecting
with the Oregon Short Line to Spokane, or going over a
branch of the Union Pacific to Denver, then south and west
over the Denver, Rio Grande & Western, by way of Colorado
Springs and Pueblo, to Salt Lake City, and thence to Ogden
and Spokane over the Oregon Short Line. This is the scenic
route chosen by the Teachers' Spokane Club. It is very at-
tractive and affords views of the Great Plains, with exten-
sive herds of cattle (cowboy life") ; Denver sitting at the
feet of the purple Rockies crowned with snow; Pike's Peak:
the Garden of the Gods; the Royal Gorge; the Grand Canyon
of the Arkansas: the marvelous ride through Tennessee Pass,
over the Continental Divide, and the long locomotive coasting
trip down into the canons of the Grand River; then the
kaleidoscopic change to the graj desert so vividlj described

m "The Winning of Barbara Worth;" the fruitful valley of
Salt Lake; the Mormon Temple, and salt air.

From Chicago to Denver, Colorado Springs, or Pueblo, one
may also go by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy ; Chicago,
Rock Island & Pacific; Atchison, lopeka & Santa Fe ; and
from these points over lines already named.

A route that affords more of a ride through the plains
country than any of the others is the C. B. & Q. from Chicago
to Omaha, thence northwest through the Black Hills region
to Billings, Mont., where one would strike the Northern Pa-
cific. But the Burlington offers a somewhat less monotonous
route from Chicago west to the Mississippi, and then north
along its banks, to St. Paul where junction is effected with the
Northern Pacific or the Great Northern.

This suggests the northern route as opposed to the south-
ern lines. One may go from Chicago to St. Paul by the
Chicago & Northwestern, the Chicago Great Western, as well
as by the C. B. & Q., although if a daylight trip is made,
these are not quite so pleasing as over the "Q." Minneapolis
and St. Paul are beautiful, vigorous cities. The great grain
elevators and the extensive milling interests, with the charm-
ing urban lakes and parks, should be seen, and no one should
miss the exquisitely beautiful marble Capitol at St. Paul.

From Minneapolis west one may choose between the Great
Northern and the Northern Pacific, both under the same
management.

Then there is the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, with its
fine new Pacific Coast extension, the only railway except
the "Atchinson," that can run its trains over its own tracks
from Chicago to the Pacific Coast. It uses the Oregon
Short Line tracks for a few miles from Tekoa, Washington,
to Spokane, the latter city being a little north of the main
line of the C. M. & St. P. After striking the mountains, this
is a very picturesque route, and this is true of the others.

Those who would like some variety, may go from St. Paul
over the Canadian Pacific, either directly, by entering Spokane
from the North, over the Spokane Falls & Northern, or in-
directly, by going through to Vancouver and returning to
Spokane over the Northern Pacific or the Great Northern
from Seattle.

These northern lines all traverse the flat, uninteresting
plains country, just as the southern lines do. In the north
the country is somewhat more thinly settled than in the
south; and one would sec more wheat fields and less alfalfa
than on the southern lines. All routes afford interesting
scenery after they enter the mountains, but Colorado has keen
more widely advertised than any northern district except the
Yellowstone and is, therefore, better known.

Those who visit the Yellowstone National Park can enter
over the C. B. & Q. at Cody, on the east ; over the Northern
Pacific at Gardner, on the North ; or over the Oregon Short
Line at Yellowstone on the wei't A new government road
has recently been opened through the Park from Cody, and
lie who starts in there will have the longest and most in-
teresting trip ; but the older and better equipped organiza-
tions caring for tourists operate from Gardner and Yellow-
stone.

We understand that the Wylie Permanent Camping Com-
pany gives very satisfactory service and provides a six-day
tour for $40, covering all expenses. Their headquarters are
at Livingston, Mont. A hotel company, licensed, as are the
Wylie people, by the Government, cares for tourists in ex-
cellent hotels established at convenient places in the Park.
Their service is high-grade; their charges likewise.

The President of the Federation has arranged an "Official
Train" to go by way of St. Paul, where the Business Mana-
gers' Section of the Federation will hold its meetings early
in July. The National Educational Association holds its con-
vention in Chicago this year; and so it is possible for those

XIV

Sip Hubuwbs Journal

who care to do so to attend two national teachers' conven-
tions in July, although that would probably prevent their
taking the Yellowstone Park trip, which no commercial teach-
er should miss. Probably tour days of convention work.
even in the exhilarating atmosphen of Spokane, will be
enough to satisfy the mosl enthusiastic pedagogue.

rhose interested should write to the Chicago passenger
agents of the various lines for advertising matter, explain-
ing that they think of attending the Federation Convention in
Spi ikane in July.

THE MOTOR-DRIVEN FLEXOTYPE.

The office printing machine shown herewith, known as the
Flexotype, is the product of The Flexotype Company, whose

factories and general offices are at Burlington, X. J.

The Flexotype is an office printing outfit, capable of doing
all kinds of printing within its size 8x13, and rapid and exact
duplicating of typewriting.

The type for the Flexotype is set on a special device, which
is part of the equipment of the machine. The manufacturer
claims that type may be set at the rate of a line a minute
with an hour's practice, and twice as fast with a little more
experience, being redistributed with equal facility into the
typesetter when the form is to be taken down. Uniform
wear on the type is one of the special features claimed fot
the machine.

Another special feature of the Flexotype is the fact that
type forms are flexible and lie flat, and may be conveniently
filed for future use if forms once set up are likely to be
used again. Type forms may be instantly attached to the
machine and detached with equal facility, so that the ma-
chine is available for other printing work when fac-simile
letter forms are not in use.

For duplicating typewriting the machine prints through a
ribbon 16 inches long, which is fastened immovably over the
type., and is automatically re-inked at each impression, re-
sulting in a large number of impressions from a comparative-
ly small and inexpensive ribbon. Special advantages are
claimed for this plan in the reduction of the cost of supplies,
obtaining uniform color through the longest letters and on
long and short lines, or throughout a long run.

It is claimed that the color of all letters is under the con-

How Type is Set.

trol of the operator, and may be made light or heavy as de-
sired, since it is possible instantly to adjust the amount of
color in the ribbon, so as to make the work exactly match
typewritten addresses filled in, whether light or heavy.

The motor-driven Flexotype has the special feature of an
automatic device which lowers the platen in event of failure
of the operator to feed a sheet with each revolution, thus
preventing offsets due to the type printing on the platen.
It is said the speed may be varied from 2,000 to S.000 letters
per hour with the motor-driven machine.

The automatic feed attachment which may be clamped on
the frame of the motor-driven Flexotype automatically feeds
the paper to the machine at high speed and practically with
out attention, taking sheets from the bottom of the pile, so
that the pile may be replenished without stopping the machine
Accurate register is obtained with the machine.

Automatic feed machines are regularly geared to run 6,000
impressions per hour. It is said that a majority of motor-
driven Flexotypes are ordered equipped with the automatic
feed attachment to get the work out of the way quickly, al-
though the hand feed machine has a capacity ample for all
ordinary requirements.

In addition to the use of the machine for reproducing type-
written letters, ordinary printers' type is supplied in a variety
of styles or curved electrotypes may be employed for standing
forms which are reprinted frequently. Ordinary printers' ink
may be used for direct printing if desired, and interchange-
able ink fountains permit rapid change from one color to
another. It is said that the machine will save its cost in
printers' bills many times in the course of a year. The capac-
ity of the machine is increased by the fact that one operator
may be setting or distributing type at the same time that an-
other operator is printing on the machine.

\ special feature claimed by the manufacturer is that this
machine is so designed as to be capable of operation by office
employees of average intelligence without special training.

Do not let such splendid gifts as your powers to acquire
knowledge, your memory, your imagination grow rusty for
lack of use.

Apply your knowledge of yourself, of the other fellow, and
nt your business.

In other words, use your will. Get action.

Jones I- it necessary for you to send your daughter to
Europe to complete her musical education"'

Brown Yes; 1 can't stand the infernal racket here am
longer Impressions

Maud— Miss Oldun thinks that hotel clerk just lovely.

i thel W hy so?

Maud— He wrote opposite her name on the hotel register:
"Suite 16." — Boston Transcript.

Ulljp Huamraa 3auntal

THE CALL OF THE WEST.

The convention of the National Commercial Teachers' Fed-
eration at Spokane, will undoubtedly he attended by many
especially those residing in the East, who have but a faint con-
ception of the greatness of the country they will visit. One
unaccustomed to the West little knows that there are counties
in Mime of the western states that are as large as the entirt
state of Delaware or Rhode Island.

No imagination is so powerful that it can picture the
beauties of the western scenery. No painting is so realistic
that it can bring to one that thrill of awe and grandeur
which possesses him when he wanders from the trail and
beholds the wonderful handiwork of Nature. The great ma-
jestic peaks that seem to commune with the clouds; dazzling
snow everywhere; the frozen waterfalls and not a living ob-
ject in sight excepting possibly, the dwarfed pines. All this
combined with that overpowering silence which pervades the
atmosphere produces a sensation of weirdness which one
cannot repel, and he flees from the scene.

The dates selected for the convention come at that time
of the year when the mountain scenery will be the most
superb, and we hope all who attend the meeting will take
advantage of the opportunity and extend their trip to Port-
land and Seattle. The Northern Pacific Railroad passes
through a very picturesque section, and one's interest is held
from the time you leave Spokane until you reach your jour-
ney's end. From the car window may be seen Mt. Hood
Mt. Tacoma, Mt. Adams, Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Jefferson,
all towering from 10,000 to 15,000 feet above the sea level.

From Pasco, Wash., to Portland, Ore., The Northern Pa-
cific follows the course of the Columbia River. Along this
river are to be found the largest salmon fisheries in the
world, and a day could be most profitably spent in -going
through some of these plants. Portland, the "City of Roses,'
has a population of about 250,000 inhabitants. Many points
of interest are to be found in this city, and the traveler finds
it hard to leave so beautiful a place. En route to Seattle you
pass through another progressive western city, Tacoma, Wash
Its great lumber and smelting mills present a wonderful sight
to the tourist. One of the finest high school buildings in
the United States is to be found in Tacoma, it costing $500,-
000.

Seattle has enjoyed such a marvelous growth in the past
few years that we are confident most of our readers are ac-
quainted with the important part this city is playing in the
commercial history of this country. Possessing an excel-
lent harbor, here one may see ships lying at anchor that
ply between Seattle and points in Alaska, Hawaii, the Phil-
lipines and Asia.

The "call of the West" grips you, reader, when you per-
ceive the wonderful things they are accomplishing out there,
and it is a trip that will afford you opportunity for pleasant
reflection the balance of vour life.

WHY IS IT?

"Win is it that the temlere-t feel must tread the roughest

road ?

Why is it that the weakest back must carry the heaviest
load?
W hile the feet that are surest and firmest have the smoothes!
path to go,
And the back that is -traightest and strongest has ncvet
a burden to know.
Why is it that the brightest eyes are the ones that soon dim-
with tears?
Why is it that the lightest heart must ache and ache for
years ?
\\ by is it that the grandest deeds are the ones that are

While the thoughts that are like all others are the ones
that we always tell.
And the deeds worth little praise are the ones that arc
published well.
Why is it that the sweetest smile has for its sister a sigh?
Why is it that the strongest love is the love we always
pass bj .'
While the smile that is cold and indifferent is the smile
for which we pray
And the love we kneel to and worship is only common clay.
While the eyes that are hardest ami coldest shed never a
bitter tear,
And the heart that is smallest and meanest has never an
ache to fear.
Why is it that those that are saddest have always the
• gayest laugh?
W by is it that those who need not have always the "biggest
half?"
While those who have never a sorrow have seldom a smile
to give,
And those who want just a little must strive and struggle
to live.
Why is it that the noblest thoughts are the ones that are
never expressed?
Why is it that the things we can have are the things wc
always refuse?
Win is it none of us lead the lives if we could we'd
choose?
The things we all can have are things we always hate,
And life seems never complete no matter hovi long we wait."

OBITUARY.
Geokof. Washington Bird.
The ranks of the profession have been sadly depleted during
the past few months. One by one His call is being answered
by those who have consecrated their time and talents to the
cause of education, and it is with sorrow we learn that on
February 19th the soul of George W. Bird responded to
the final summons and returned to its Creator.

Mr. Bird was born in New Vnrk City in 1870. Descended
from rugged New England ancestry, his was a spirit not to
be daunted by obstacles that lay in his path. His early edu-
cation was obtained in the public schools, but owing to ill
health he was obliged to forego a college course. The five
subsequent years of his life were spent in the capacity of
salesman, hut the work did not appeal to him, and he turned
his attention to commercial education. That the young man's
heart was in his work is shown by the fact that he taught
stenography at the night sessions in the business school from
which he graduated for a year without compensation in order
that he might gain the experience. He was then employed
to teach in that school, at both day and evening sessions, and
served in this capacity for five years.

Up to 1900 there was no business school in the northern
section of New York City, and recognizing its need of an
institution of this nature. Mr. Bird established his first school
under circumstances that would have proven disheartening to
a less determined man. He started with one student, (and
that one possessed a free scholarship), one typewriter and a
desk. Rut his was the spirit that would not be denied, and
ere long the school was in a most prosperous condition, and
he had found it necessary to establish another school.

Mr. Bird possessed a very pleasing personality; in his
his integrity was never questioned, and he so lived
that when the final call came he could respond in the manner
typified by the words of the immortal Bryant:
Thou go not like the quarry-slave at night
Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch

XVI

®ljp Sustttrss Jlnurnal

CONSOLIDATION OF REMINGTON, SMITH-PRE-
MIER AND MONARCH SALES OFFICES.

The coordination of the Remington, Smith-Premier and
Monarch sales forces of America became an accomplished
fact on March 1st.

In view of the enormous development of the office equip-
ment industry in recent years, which owes its birth and growth
to the typewriter, the consolidation of the sales forces of the
three machines under one management was simply a business
recognition of the unquestioned advantages which must nec-
essarily be derived from the operation of one highly efficient
organization.

The Executive Staff of the greater organization will con-
sist of the active leaders of the three original companies. In
the filling of the other managerial and selling positions, it
has already become evident that the full selling strength of
these three typewriter organizations will be utilized from the
very outset.

The magnitude of the new organization in every depart-
ment, including its great manufacturing and sales facilities,
and the quality and variety of its output, is attracting keen
attention on the part of the entire typewriter-using public.
Included among these facilities are splendidly equipped and
organized typewriter factories manufacturing three distinct
types of machines suitable for all requirements, a completely
equipped ribbon and carbon paper factory, a line of type-
writer adding machines, billing machines and others adapted
to all the special uses, a mechanical and employment bureau
service of a size and distribution sufficient to supply the needs
of every typewriter user, and a highly specialized engineering
staff for the development and improvement of the three
machines and of all the products of the company. These, to-
gether with a unified sales organization, set a new mark as to
size and potential efficiency.

This consolidation is the first step of expansion for a
compaign more aggressive than ever. There will soon be
opened in the United States many new branch offices to in-
clude many cities and towns not hitherto covered by the
local office of any typewriter company.

The introduction of this new Remington sales policy comes
at a propitious time. The record during the past year of all
of the three typewriters involved in this union of forces con-
stitutes of itself an assurance of a great ifuture. The
Remington, Smith-Premier and Monarch typewriters each
did a business last year which surpassed every previous
record.

CATALOGS.

The South Bend Business College, of South Bend, Ind.,
has sent us a copy of their 1912 catalogue, which is a young
giant in size, containing :i-' pp. that measure 12 x 1* inches.
The prospectus has been prepared in an attractive manner ; is
well illustrated and sets forth the inducements this school has
to offer in a business-like manner.

Business school journals have been received from the Gem
(it;. Business College, Quincy, 111.. Lawrence Business Col-
lege, Lawrence, Kans , Spencerian Commercial School, Louis-
ville, Ky., Dudley Business College, San Francisco, Cal.,
Tampa Business College, Tampa, Fla.

We have also received advertising literature in the form
of booklets and folders from Danville Commercial College,
Danville. Va., Parsons Business College, Parsons, Kans., In-
ternational Review fur Commercial Education, Berne, Switzer-
land, W. E. Dennis. Brooklyn, X. V., Howard & Brown.
Rockland, Me, Smith's School, Buffalo, X, Y

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY, Tnbune Building, Nen York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal,
Tribune Building, New York.

ACCOUNTANTS.

Bennett, K. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
ADDING TYPEW K1TERS. See Typewriters- Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square. New York.

Bliss Publishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co.. Boston, Mass.

Goodyear-Marshall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S., 101 East 23rd St.. New YorK.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe. H. M.. & Co., Baltimore. Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Toby, Edw., V\ aco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARMON PAi i...„ & j'Pc.WRlTER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New York.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENUL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman. I.. & Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph. Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

A'rne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine. Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson. A., 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, III.
PENS (SHADING).

. Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt. C. Howard, Pen Co., Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co.. 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Graham, A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., U23 Broadway. New York.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago, 111.

Packard. S. S.. 110 F. 23rd St.. New York.

Phonographic Institute Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pitman. Isaac, & Son. 2 W. 45th St.. N

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave..

Spencer Publishing Co.. 707 Common J

Toby. Edw.. Tex.. Pubr.. Aristos or Ja
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New York.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway. New York.

Lyons. J. A.. & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, HI.

Pitman. Isaac, & S ,n, 2 W. 45th Si.. New York.

Practical Text Book Company. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans, La.
TYPEWRITERS.

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River, New York.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remiiifrton Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway. New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Rroadwav. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co.. 30 Vesey St., New «ork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co.. 300 Broadway. New York.

Remington Typewriter Co.. S27 Broadway. New York.

Smith Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD.

Smith Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGEABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty--writer Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway. New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.

feland, Ohio.
i\ew Orleans. La.
Shadeless Shorthand.

le/nn 5 -f~

' \ % % % k % ♦

INTERMEDIATE COURSE.

Writing for the Accountant.

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LESS«):I NINETEEN.

Each of these six models should be practiced in columns

drill in correct arrangement of figures.

^t> J& ^ty ^t> ^t> ^t> Jt>

^3L

XUMUJJ- JJJXLU4- JJJUMIU- JMUMLU- JUMLLLU-

sisn^t^To^csL^L/ ^^^Jt^t^yyi^/ui^ ^snjfc^^^ZsCL^Lzy -y^aJLAsnsyisCi^t-i/

Sutsvvi^Lsh ^A^t^KKLyuyh ^L^/yyi^L/h ^/uOwisLsh ^A^e/yisisiyh ^Sulwisut-

I.ESSON TWENTT.

The "/" is twice as high as " i ". It should be made with a combined movement. ' Let the hand slide o?
movementon the main downstroke. Practice, ot the exerc s?s Ftrsl '.in; will devebi th ; r -o er a

hand rest on the little finger while repeating 'he s:ra;i;ht line 2hout sia Imes before moving to the richt. I
what is in the copy

the connective strokes, but use finger

na:inp "ts" and "ds'\ Let tVe

I " Place on earh li-^e fust

WHO THEY ARE.

The Ayrshire Ploughman ; Robert Burns.
The Bard of Avon. William Shakespeare.
Defender of the Faith ; Henry YI1I of England.
First Gentleman of Europe; George IV.
Grand Old Man ; William E. Gladstone.
Great Commoner ; William Pitt.
Hero of the Lakes; Commodore Perry.
Learned Blacksmith ; Elihu Burritt.
Magician of the North ; Sir Walter Scott.
Man of Destiny ; Xapoleon Bonaparte

(Mil Hickory; Andrew Jackson.
Old Man Eloquent; John Quincy Adams
Old Rough and Ready; Zachary Taylor.
The Poet's Poet ; Edmund Spencer.
The Prisoner of Chillon ; Bonnivard.

g< of Chelsea; Thomas Carlyle.
The Sage of Concord ; Ralph Waldo Emerson.
The Sage of Monticello; Jefferson.
The Swedish Nightingale; Jenny Lind.
Wizard of Menlo Park: Thomas Edison.

<Tlie 1BustttP0S Journal

J2LZI CsL/ (yL^L<?L-tt^oL/ ds d/ cO cpU d/ d/ d/ d/ ds ds

d^d^d^d^dy d^d^d^Ld/ cbd^d^sLcsL/ d^d^<d<pud^y d^d^d<yLd^ d^d^d^d^cL^

dsi/yvz^ts dyuym^ty dyiwi^t/ (?Ly/yvi^L/ cL-i^wlas dsuwz^t/ dA/wi^ts

.d^/yi^vvL^d/ d^L^yzsnsyz^ds cd^^^na^vin^e^d^ d^L^nn^nw^isd/

l-ESSON TWENTT-ONE.

Review "a" and '/". Make the top of "d" twice the height of the oval part. Make a full oval. After practicing the single
" d's " before lifting the pen. The aim has been to select a word for practice in which the letter introduced is the initial letter and the
it follows other letters. Make well rounded turns in the " m's" and open loops in the "e's".

. join five
in which

^fa/ ^fay ^k/ ^ks ^k/ ^hs ^fas

da^k^k^k^k- dadaykdask/ daykdadayk- ykdzdoykda/ ^kdadadida/
^kyiy/wz^/ ^jayud/yyi^t/ yksui/yn^t/ ^kyui^yyi^t/ ykyLsL^yvL-t/

^kA^da-^iSi^' yk^iudo^cLA^iy ^kyuido^LSut/ ^kA^sk^LSi^t/

LESSON TWENTY-TWO. coptkioht ioos

The introductory stroke of the "/>'' and the straight down stroke should be made with arm movement. In making the movement exercise on the

first line, let the hand glide upwards on a short right curve, then play forward and backward about six times, gliding on the little finger. Make this letter
• one space above and one space below the base line. Close the oval. Write each word carefully.

MAXIMS OF NAPOLEON.

PARIS, Feb. 21. — An interesting collection of thoughts and
maxims contained in the literary works of Napoleon I. has
been made by J. Bertaut. Some of the Emperor's axioms on
war were as follows :

There are two kinds of plans of campaign — good and bad.

The good are nearly always wrecked by unforsecn circum-
stances, which often cause the bad to succeed.

Inevitable wars are always just.

Imagination loses battles.

Warfare is a natural state.

In war there is only one favorable moment ; genius knows
how to seize it.

There are cases in which squandering men economizes
'blood.

An army is a people that obeys.

Courage is like love; it feeds on hope.

Fearless people. are not found among those who have some-
thing to lose.

Dare-devilry is an innate quality; it is in the blood, and
often merely impatience of danger. Courage is the result
of thought.

I have an income of 100,000 men!

Napoleon's interests were not entirely absorbed by war. H«
has left some maxims relating to the drama and literature :

Verse is merely the embroidery on the dramatic cloth.

A good tragedy gains in value every day. High tragedj
is the school of great men, and it is the duty of sovereigns tc
encourage it. To judge tragedy it is not necessary to be a
poet; it is sufficient to know men and things.

Tragedy should be the school for kings and peoples; it is
the highest point to which a poet can attain.

Dramas are the tragedies of chambermaids.

What I admire in the "Agamemnon" of Aeschylus is the
extreme force united to great simplicity. I am particularly
struck by the degrees of terror which characterize the pro-
ductions of this father of tragedy. — .V. Y. Times-

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ADVANCED COURSE.

By E. C MILLS

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JFijp iBusinrss Journal

FLOURISHING.
By \V. D. Sears.
.Instructions for the practise of this
month's design have been given in the
foregoing issues. This is one of the
easiest and, in my judgment, one of the
prettiest styles of the flourished bird.
Make the tail stroke with a free swing,
shading it slightly just before the stroke
-is finished. Xotice carefully where the
wheat and feather strokes should be
supplied. The lettering of the word
"Progress" may be added later with a
Soennecken pen.

WRITING SPECIMENS FROM OUR READERS.

J. S. Eccles, of the Northwestern Business College, Chicago,
111., sent us a package of students' work. Both teacher and
pupils are to be complimented on the results in business
writing.

C F, Schlatter, S. D. State College, Brookings, S. D.,
favored- us with some of his pupils' work which show that
his boys and girls are going to be very successful with their
penmanship.

The specimens of writing from the students of James
Maher, Duff's College, McKeesport, Pa., are most excellent,
indeed, and Mr. Maher should feel very proud of the good
work his pupils are producing.

C. C. Craft, of the Concord, N. H., Business College, shows
us that his pupils are doing fine work in penmanship by send-
ing a large packet of specimens to our office.

The students of H. W. English, High School, Lewistown,
Pa., are very enthusiastic about their penmanship work, which
fact we notice from the specimens received.

J. J. Camby, a former pupil of M. M. Van Ness, of the
Hoboken, N. J., High School, sent us several of his cards
Mr. Camby is very skilful with the ornamental holder.

H. W. Flickinger, of Philadelphia, Pa., sent us some speci-
mens of the work of his pupils in the R. C. High School.
Naturally, the writing could not be otherwise than high-class
with so able an instructor as Mr. Flickinger at the helm.

BOOKS FOR BUSINESS PEOPLE.
The Business Journal, Tribune Building, New York, will
send any of the books mentioned in this column upon receipt
of price.

Corporation Finance, by Edward S. Meade, Ph.D. 12 mo. Cloth.
Fully describes financing and procedure if corporations. $2.00.

Modern Accounting, by II. R. Hatfield. Ph.D. IS mo. Ooth. Ex-
emplifies every phase of Modern Accounting and the determination of
profits. $1.75.

The Work of Wail Street, by Sereno S. Pratt. 12 mo. Cloth. A
practical view of the great financial center and its modus operandi,
$1.26.

The Modern Bank, by Amos K. Fiske. 12 mo. Cloth. A thor-
oughly practical book covering in condensed form all essential data of
baiikme. $1.60.

Modern Advertising, by E. E. Calkins and Ralph Holden. f,2 illus-
trations. 12 mo. Cioth. Tells all about advertising and how it is
done. $1.50.

First Lessons in Finance, bv F. A. Cleveland. Ph.D. Many illus-
trations. 12 mo. Cloth. A brief, clear survey of Funds, how Funds
are obtained and the institutions and agencies employed in Funding
Operations. $1.25.

The Boston branch of the Y. M. C. A.
is conducting a very successful course
in the evtning school in higher account-
ancy leading up the degree of C. P. A.
H. C. Bentley, of Simmons College, has
charge of the class.

SOMETHING NEW— A course in business
writing that is establishing a new standard and
a new style in business penmanship: simple,
logical, and scientific. Copies are veritable
pictures of a rhythmic motion. Easy to learn
and stays learned. Especially adapted for use
in business colleges and high schools.
25c for a sample copy. Address C. S. ROGERS.
Principal Y. M. C. A. Accountancy School,
San Francisco, Calif.

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

A. R. Merrill, of Saco, Me., sent us some of his orna-
mental writing which shows that he is still doing his high
grade work.

The packet of cards from Fred Cornett, Broken Bow,
Nebr., is a credit to him. He swings the ornamental holder
very skillfully.
fP- A. Westrope, of Denver, Colo., favored us with speci
J mens of his flourishing and ornamental writing. Mr. West
I rope is able to do most excellent work, and is to be con
4 gratulated.

^- Leslie E. Jones, of Eldridge, N. Y., is on the right road to
good ornamental penmanship.

The ornamental writing of C. E. Chamberlin, of Iowa
Falls, la., is a delight to the eye.

C. H. Haverfield, of Lima, Ohio, sent us an Old English
alphabet executed by one of his students which shows that
he is receiving excellent instruction under Mr. Haverfield's
guidance. The work is very well done.

H. K. Williams, of Goodsprings, Nev„ can write the signa-
ture of E. M. Huntsinger in a most creditable style.

Superscriptions worthy of mention have come to us from
C. W. Jones, Brockton, Mass. ; Ramon Santoyo, Guanajuato,
Mexico; G. A. Rockwood, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. : X. S. Smith
Waco. Texas; J. D. McFadyen, Derby Line, Vt. ; J. E. Bel-
anger, St. Hyacinthe, Que.: T. Courtney, Pocatello, Idaho:
W. G. McLellan, Sprague, Wash. ; J. D. Valentine, PittSr
burgh, Pa.; S. E. Leslie, Poughkeepsie, X. Y. ; F. B. Court-
ney, Cedar Rapids, la. ; W. E. Dennis, Brooklyn, X. Y. ; J.
T Evans, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; D. L. Hunt, Eau Claire, Wis.;
J. S. Eccles, Chicago, 111.: W. A. Hoffman, Valparaiso, Ind. ;
M. A. Conner, Winter Hill, Mass.; J. E. Bowman, Canton,
Ohio: II. K. Williams, Goodsprings. Xcv. : W. K. Cook.
Hartford, Conn.; J. C. Olson, Parsons, Kans. ; A. E. Cole,
Redlands, Calif.; 11. W. Flickinger, Philadelphia, Pa.; C. E
Doner, Beverly, Mass.; A. R, Merrill. Saco, Me

Today is your day and mine; the only day we have; the
day in which we play our part. What our part may signify
in the great world we may it >t understand, but we are
here to play it. and now is our time. David Starr Jordan.

« * * *

~M/*~Y\ S^~

\ \ \ s % %

llljp ISusinrsa Journal

FOREIGN EYES CENTERED ON THE PANAMA
CANAL.

OWADAYS much space- in the press and a vast
amount of valuable time is devoted to discussing
me nigh cost of living, but ask the average
American a few pertinent questions about the
Panama Canal and he will look at you in a
dazed sort of way and remark: "The Panama Canal? Oh,
yes; that's that ditch they arc digging to connect the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans," and that is about the extent of his knowl-
edge on the subject. If he could be brought to realize what
an influence this "ditch" will have in lowering the cost of
living his interest in the matter would be a little more acute.

Take for instance our first course for breakfast, the
orange. The freight rate on this commodity from the Pacific
Coast to Chicago or New York is approximately 90c a box.
It it were shipped by steamer via Panama the rate would
be around 40c. We all have a yearning to own a cozy, vine-
covered cottage, but "we just simply cannot afford it be-
cause lumber is so high." The transportation charges on a
carload of lumber by railroad from the State of Washington
to New York would be about $-100. If this came to us by
steamer the charges would be $160, and yet the words "Panama
Canal" have but a vague meaning to too many American
citizens.

The American enjoys the distinction of heading the list
when it comes to creating new ideas and accomplishing great
feats or enterprises, but too often his mind is so centered
on the details necessary to the completion of an enterprise
that he neglects to take precautions that he may reap the
benefit therefrom. So it is with the Panama Canal. As it
now stands, it appears as though the United States will build
the canal at an expense of about four hundred million dol-
lars and foreign maritime service will garner the harvest.

"Why should this be permitted," you a>k ? The principal
reason seems to be that. as a nation we are afflicted with a
surcharge of that complacent, self-satisfied spirit. We allow
things to drift along, tak'ng their own course, and at last
awake too late to find that many neglected opportunities have
been eagerly seized upon by an outsider. We are glad to
note, however, in the case of the Panama Canal that there
are signs of activity in at least one or two directions. One
branch of industry is alive to the issue and that is the Ameri-
can merchant marine, but our ancient navigation laws im-
pose a heavy handicap upon it. If an American mechantman
has an American built boat plying between San Francisco and
Liverpool he is placed at a big disadvantage, as the foreigner
pays 40% less for his vessel, and owing to certain restrictions
in our laws which the American must observe, he can operate
at about one-half the expense of his American competitor.

Under our present laws no American can purchase a for-
eign built vessel to ply between American ports. On the
other hand, no foreign merchantman can operate between
American ports, so it would appear our navigation laws are
somewhat archaic, and no better time than the present could
be utilized to revise them. As the greatest nation on the
globe, we certainly cannot point with pride to the fact that
ninety per cent, of our export business is carried by foreign
vessels.

It" you wish a man's undivided attention, it is only nec-
essary to touch his purse, and it is high time the American
citizen realized that the opening of the Panama Canal will
affect his purse by reducing the cost of living, and he should
awake from his lethargy and see to it that Congress revises
our navigation laws so that the American flag will not be
so conspicuous on the high seas by its rarity, and that the
three hundred million dollars now annually paid foreign ves-
sel owners is diverted to the American merchant marine.

WORLDS INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE, 1911.

• The world's international trade has doubled in value in
the last 13 years, and shows for 1911 a larger total than ever
before, recorded. The Bureau of Statistics of the Department
of Commerce and Labor publishes each month the latest
available data on the trade of each of the principal countries
of the w:orld, and in its annual volume a statement covering
for a full year's period the trade returns of a still larger
list of countries. The number of countries named in its
monthly table is about 25 and in its annual table, over 50.
In each case, however, it is possible to compare the trade of
any given country in the latest available period with its
own trade in the corresponding period of the preceding year.
A comparison of these monthly figures which cover portions
of the year 1911 indicates that the trade for those portions
of the year for which figures are available shows an increase
of between 5% and 6% over the corresponding period of
last \ear, and should this gain be shown in the ligures for
that part of the year not yet reported, the total international
trade of the world would approximate 17 billions of exports
and IS] i billions of imports.

These figures indicate that the international commerce of
the world in 1911 aggregated approximately 35 1/2 billion
dollars, against 30 billions in 1907, 24 billions in 1904, 20 bil-
lions in 1901, and 16 1/2 billions in 1896. These figures are
in all cases a combination of both imports and exports for
all the countries for which data are available, and since all
articles exported from one country become the imports of
some other country the value of the merchandise actually
moved may be assumed to be approximately half the sum ob-
tained by a totalization of the imports and exports. Taking
the export figures alone, the total for 1911, for the countries
for which data are available, will probably approximate 17
billion dollars, against 14 1/3 billions in 1907, 11 1/3 billions
in 1904, 9 2/3 billions in 1901, and 7 3/4 billions in 1896. The
imports, although composed of articles already recorded as
the exports from some other part of the world, are valued
considerably higher when imported than the valuation of the
same articles when exported, since in most cases cost of trans-
portation and, in some cases, other expenses are added in
determining the value of the merchandise when imported. As
a result, the valuation of imports into the principal countries
of the world in 1911 will probably aggregate about 18 J4 bil-
lion dollars, against 16 billions in 1907, 13 billions in 1904,
11 billions in 1901, and 9 billions in 1896.

International Commerce of the World — Showing Aggregate
Value of Imports and Exports of All Countries for which
Trade Statistics are Available :

Year. Imports. Exports.

1896 $ 8,807,000.000 $ 7,716,000,000
1901 10,839,000,000 9,625,000,000

1904 12,811,000,000 11,322,000,000

1907 15,988,000,000 14,341,000,000

1910 17,623,000,000 16,007,000,000

(Est.) 1911 18,500,000,000 17,000,000,000

HOLD FAST.

Endure !

Endurance is the measure of a man.

Not what you have; not alone what you can perform, but
— Can you endure?

Fate and the future arc before you. Suppose your wishes
do not come true? Have you the courage to Endure?

Your best thought-out plan may go awry. Have you the
confidence to Endure?

Your best friend may play you false. Have you the faith
to Endure?

Can you stand the worst that can happen to you?

Fate sometimes piles the load to find — a man.

Stand the test!

Endure ! — Business.

WRITING SUPPLIES.

The Journal will fill orders for the following supplies on
receipt of the price in postage stamps:

Sornneckcn Brood Pointed Pens for Text Lettering, set of 11, 26c.

Double Holder for Soennccken Pens. Holds two pens at one time,
10c.

Obtique Penholders. One, 10c: two, 18c. Special prices by the
dozen.

French India Ink. 1 bottle bv mail. 30c: 1 dozen, by express, $5.00.

Gllott's A'o. 1 Principality Pens, one gross, $1.00.

Gillotfs 604 E. F. Pens, one gross. 76c.

Spencerian No. 3 Commercial. 10c a drzen. Sl.nn a gross.

Sfencerian No. 2 Counting House, 10c a dozen, $1.00 a g: -

SIjp tBusutPsa Journal

Home of the Ferris Institute, Big Rapids, Mich.

WORRYING ALL NIGHT.

Many people lie down to sleep as the camels lie down in
the desert, with their packs still on their backs. They do not
seem to know how to lay down their burdens and their minds
go on working a large part of the night. If you are inclined
to worry during the night, to keep your mental faculties on
the strain, taut, it will be a good plan for you to keep a
bow in your bedroom and unstring it every night as a re-
minder that you should so unstring your mind that it will
not lose its springing power. The Indian knows enough to
unstring his bow just as soon as he uses it, so it will not
lose its resilience. If a man who works hard all day, works
his brain a large part of the night, doing his work over
and over again, he goes to his work in the morning weary,
jaded. Instead of a clear vigorous brain capable of power-
fully focusing his mind, he approaches his work with all his
standards down, and with about as much chance of winning
as would a race horse who has been driven all night before
the contest.

It is of the utmost importance to stop the grinding, rasp-
ing processes in the brain at night and to keep from wearing
life away and wasting one's precious vitality.

The imagination is particularly active at night. All un-
pleasant, disagreeable things seem a great deal worse then
than in the day, because the imagination magnifies everything
in the silence and darkness.

I know people who have a dread of retiring at night because
through so much mental suffering during the tor-
turing wakeful hours. They toss about and long for the
daylight

It is fundamental to sound health to make it a rule never
to discuss business troubles and things that vex and irritate
one at night, especially just before retiring, for whatever is
dominant in the mind when one falls asleep continues its in-
on ill' nervous structure long into the night. This
is why so many people age so rapidly during the night. They
grow older instead "f younger, as they would under the "in-
fluence of sound, refreshing sleep.

I know people wln.se lives have been completely revolu-

by this experiment of putting themselves in tune

I ormerly they were in the habit of

retiring in a li.nl m 1: tired, discouraged over anticipated

evils and all M.rts of worries and anxieties. They had a
habit of thinking over the bad things about their business,

the unfortunate conditions in their affairs, and their mis-
takes. They discussed their misfortunes at night with their
wives. The result was that their minds were in an upset
condition when they fell asleep, and these melancholy, black,
ugly, hideous pictures, so exaggerated in awful vividness
in the stillness, became etched deeper and deeper into their
minds, and the consequence was that they awoke in the morn-
ing weary and exhausted, instead of rising, as every one
should, feeling like a newly-made creature with fresh ambi-
tion and invigorated determination.

Business men ought to know how to turn off brain power
when not using it. They would not think of leaving or
closing their factories at night without turning off the ma-
chinery power. Why should they themselves attempt to go
to sleep without turning off their mental power? It is in-
finitely important to one's health to turn off mental power
when not actually using it to produce something. — Success
Magazine.

REMEMBRANCE.
I remember, I remember, in the house where I was born.
How father made us all get up at daylight every morn;
The slice of cold and greasy pork upon my breakfast plate,
The muddy coffee that I drank, the soggy bread I ate.
I remember, I remember, how I trudged a mile to school,
And was rapped across the knuckles if I broke the slightest

rule ;
The birch above the teacher's desk, the lightning in his eye;
The way he used to keep me in till stars were in the sky.

I remember, I remember, how in Winters long ago

I woke to find my attic bed half covered up with snow,

And how the home-made socks of blue that patiently I wore

Were knitted from the kind of stuff in Nestor's shirt of yore,

I remember, I remember, how we sat by candlelight

And vainly tried to see to do our lessons overnight,

And how before the glowing hearth from time to time W€

tunic (1,
Because, alas! our hacks would freeze the while our faces

burned.

I remember, I remember, how our holidays were few
And father always found some chores we had to stav and do;
In hoeing corn and sawing wood we got our exercise.
And dad's old trousers for us boys were made a smaller size.
I remember, I remember, how the seasons came and went.
And we helped to reap the harvests, hut we never got a cent.
I like to recollect it all and talk of it, I vow.
But thank the Lord with all my heart those times arc over
now.

— Minna Irving in The .V. )'. Times.

~.lVrY\ S-f~

FAC-SIMILE OF I

3Y W. E. DENNIS. BROOKLYN. N

,»****

OJrje Susinws Journal

Commercial Designing by P. W. Costello, Scranton, Pa.

Simmons College, of Boston, is mak-
ing a specialty of Saturday classes for
high school teachers of bookkeeping and
accountancy. Teachers from all the rep-
resentative schools in Xew England are

availing themselves of this splendid op-
portunity. Under the able instruction of
H. C. Bentley, it is easily conceivable
the teachers will profit greatly through
taking advantage of this course.

EXPERT CARD WRITING * £ ™ ?:tl,!.4,7T

GRAND PREMIUM OFFER!

A — 18 Artistic Name Cards, 25 cts. with our $1

Premium Deer free.
B— 12 Differ.

cts.
Best

nbinations, your Name, 50
graceful, dashy style. World's
With Pack of 25 "Historical Colored

C, < Value 60

nexcelled $1.
ental Capitals
remium Deer

views of Washi
cts.).
< 12 "Elite" Society Style.
With ..or Fancy "Set Orn;
(value 60c) and our $1
Free.

D — Set finest Ornamental Capitals in colors on

Card 11 by 14 to frame. World's Best $1,

with Premium Deer and Flourished Bird

50 cts.) free.

i (] oui I i ders from your friends.)

"Offer B" 12 Different Combinations each

0 I with Large Flourished Vmeri-

can I Dei ted in colors, extremely

tiful. i Value Si i worth $5. free as a

Premium. G

F — Large Beautiful Flourished Horse, colors,
$5. Horse in a playful position, on Card
22 by 28 in. With fancy border to frame,
greatest ever, with 20 Packs Washington
Views ( All Different), to retail your
friends .it 50 cU. Pack, as a Premium.
We make this great offer to advertise our

work. You get your money back for horse
and make $5. (We buy at wholesale.)

G — "The Penman's Dream" consists of a large
Deer, Horse, and Bird scroll flourish, in
Colors. All on one Card 22 by 28 in.
Something Grand! Fancy border, to
frame. $10.00 with our $10 Course in Or-
namental Writing (50 Lessons), free as a
Premium.

H— Large "Prize Winner," 6 by 9 ft.. Deer in
black or Water Colors: "The World's
Master Piece." $1000. The above Prem-
ium offers stand for 30 days only.

AGENTS WANTEDI Send 25 cts. for sam-
ple Cards. One Card Agent cleared
$238.00 last year in New Orleans. My
work advertises itself. Boys, "Learn to
Write" from an Expert Teacher and Pen-
man, who has a standard and Systematic
i ourse of Instruction.

IN RECORD: After graduating, made high
as $1 hour. $20 day, $75 week, $3000 in 2
vrs.. writing Cards. A Dozen of my finest
Cards, or a Set of Capitals will cure the
"Exaggerated Ego" of all wizzards and
"World Prize Winners." for a $20 gold
piece. Get busy! Show me tip. and
make me happy. Pick out your choice to-
sniil 1'. (). Money Order.

News Notes.

The Davis-Wagner Business College
of Norfolk, Va., sends us a clipping
from the "Virginian-Pilot and the Nor-
folk Landmark" containing an address
delivered by Mr. Southgate before the
pupils of that school. His advice to
young men was to avoid joining any
union. We quote from the clipping:

"A young man who is not willing to
do more than he is paid for is hopeless.
Employees in business affording oppor-
tunity for the use of business initiative
and sagacity need not to expect to suc-
ceed if they go about their work with
just enough energy and interest to hold
their positions. As a precaution against
their falling into the error of trying to
fix or regulate for themselves conditions
of work, he advised them to have noth-
ing to do with the unions and associa-
tions that undertake to dictate terms to
employers in the class of business re-
ferred to. Mr. Southgate spoke depre-
catingly of such associations as that of
the retail clerks. He said that in his
own establishment he would not have a
man who he believed would do no more
than he had to do because that type of
man does not contain the essential ele-
ments necessary to successful work. A
young man in a business establishment
who is not willing to do 50 per cent
more work than he is paid for may at
once count himself a dead one. Labor
unions, he said, are all right in their
proper sphere, but are of value only to
the oppressed or those who might be
oppressed, even among laborers whose
work is with their hands."

Mr. Southgate outlined the way to
success as consisting essentially of three
fundamental requisites — sacrifice, inter-
change of ideas and competition.

The Bowling Green, Ky., Business
University, has sent us an interesting
piece of advertising literature which that
school is issuing. An illustration termed
"They Swarmed" is a clever idea. Last
year the old home of this school was
destroyed by fire and this picture de-
picts bees carrying the various school-
room appliances from the burning build-
ing to the new quarters. The pro-
prietors have just cause to feel proud of
their new building. During the summer
this school conducts a special course in
training for commercial teachers. Its
able faculty is assisted by some of the
best instructors in the profession — men
who are expert in their lines — who
have been engaged for this particular
work. This practical and progressive
institution is recognized as a leader.
Notwithstanding its large enrollment,
the school receives more calls for com-
petent help than it can supply and we
are glad to note the success it has at-
tained.

A copy of the Telegram, St. Johns.
Newfoundland, has been received by us
containing an announcement of the
opening of the new $15,000 home of the
Springdale Commercial Schopl. This
school started about ten years ago, oc-
cupying a small basement room, with
an attendance of about forty children,
and the new headquarters, with an en-
rollment of over four hundred young
men and women, is a good testimonial
for the principal, P. G. Butler. He has
been untiring in his efforts to provide
St. Johns with a progressive, up-to-the-
minute business school, and we are
pleased to note his success.

r/e/no 5 -f-

(Mjf Uusinrsa Journal

Success Through Failure

"There is so much that is good in the worst of us,

And so much that is bad in the best of us,

It is not just fair for any of u

To talk much about the rest of us."

tiu

msideration of which

Tims, without mentioning names, we state a general principle

will bestow just credit on him who has tried, but failed.

The hero who finally scales the wall and plant- the banner of victory on the fortress of
the enemy, reaches that goal through the breach made by the sacrifice of a thousand men who
failed that he might succeed.

Similarly, a thousand authors, valiantly battling with man's chief enemy. Ignorance, have
fought their way to the front, only to fall in Waterloo's Great Ravine, while, profiting by their pros-
trate failures, the Cromwells of today are victori msly marching with banners truly inscribed to
"Practical Education by Practical Methods."

No one man, or set of men. deserves the credit for the high degree of practical efficiency that
has been reached by the latest and best authors all along the line. But that is no excuse for ignor-
ing such educational victories, and going down to defeat with them that made those victories possible.

The Practical Text Book Company *s new publications are improvements over all previous
books of their kind. Our older works are revised and re-revised from year to year. There is no
other way to keep in the front rank of the firing line.

Samples of any of our books are sent for examination on special terms. A momentary glance
will reveal some striking features; a more thorough examination will convince you of their practical
merit.

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid Avenue and 18th Street,

Cleveland, Ohio-

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Mares. Cloth. Calendered paper.
114 pp. Cuts and illustrations. 221 different Typewriting machines
fully described and illustrated. $2.00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome.
pp. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shortha
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Business, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
tal or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, by H. C. Bentley, C. P. A. Buckram.
160 pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. $3.00 postpaid.

Notional Penmanship Compendium. Lessons by Leslie, Courtney,
Moore. Dakin and Dennis. Paper, stiff cover. For Self-Instruction or
Schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities, special rates. Stamps
taken.

Corporate Organization, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$3.00 postpaid.

The Every. Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able took for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
cents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 41 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushing's Manual. The standard book
Should be in the hands of every man
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping.
and double entry bookkeeping. With all forms and tables. Cloth,
pp. Postpaid $1.76.

Gaskelis Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
of Penmanship. G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

Repp's New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1,600.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. TO points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
fifty 2-ct. stamps: Pocket edition, twenty-five 2-ct. stamps.

Thompson's Modern Show Card Lettering, Designs, Etc. Buy it and
learn all pen-lettering, brush lettering, automatic pen-shading wnrk. with
all designing. Up-to-date. Captivating, useful in business. Fifty 2-ct.

Parliamentary Law.
226 pages. Postpaid.

A practical work on single

■tamps.

Two vols. E
helped hundr

Enterprise, by Franc
r to finance and promote
>. $4.00 postpaid.

Cooper

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 428
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Corporate Finance and Accounting, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A.
Buckram. 500 pages. The concrete knowledge of the practical, finan-
cial and >gal sides of corporation accounting and treasurership. $4.00
postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. EL Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 68«
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

Taylor's Compendium. The best work of a superior penman; *4
slips for self-instruction. Postpaid 26c.

The Book of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Engrossing contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers. More examples of magnificent engrossing than in all
other books combined. superb new volume, 9 x 12. Regular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 50c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid lOi

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery by D. T. Ames. Its detection and illustration; 300-page
book, the standard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all
urts. Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Fortv Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Albert S. Osborn, 525 pages, 200 illut-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers ot penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price,
55 Ml.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. $3.75.

Courtney Method of Detecting Forgery and Raised Clu
$1.50.

nention The Business Journal.

Price.

t I # <
» * t # <
♦ # ♦ # <

<ihr lSusiurss Journal

You want to get the best possible results in

SHORTHAND

INVESTIGATE BARNES' BRIEF COURSE

An up-to-date text embodying many new ideas which make the
study of shorthand very simple and easy.

Xu time is wasted on meaningless outlines — every
-tep is "business" from start to finish.

Complete words and sentences are given on the very
first page.

Only permanent forms are taught — there is nothing
harried to be unlearned.

Phrasing and wordsigns are introduced in the first
lesson

Speed training is begun in the first lesson.

A complete business letter is given in the second and
each succeeding lesson.

Principles are taught in a "positive," straight-to-the-
point manner — without technicalities or exceptions.

In short, this book thoroly teaches the most valuable
style of shorthand in such an interesting, practical, and
pedagogical way that it can be mastered easily and
quickly.

Publisht in both the BENN PITMAN and the GRAHAM sys-

SPECTAL OFFER TO SHORTHAND TEACHERS: Send
for a free paper-bound copy and learn how to simplify your
work. Specity system desired — the Benn Pitman or the Graham.
Please mention name of school.

Brief Course is used in such schools as The Business Institute,
Detroit, Mich.: Weslcyan University, Lincoln, Neb.; Los Angeles
H alif. i Bus. College; the High Schools of Lynn, Mass.. Atlanta.
Ca.. Norfolk. Ya., Springfield Mo.. Houston. Texas.

THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO.,
2201 Locust St. St. Louis, Mo.

HE FAILED TO LAND THE JOB.
By William I). Bridge

It was too bad. He needed the position with its good
salary. He was well-educated, ambitious, well-honored where
best known. He had eminent qualities fitting him for the
place of responsibility. He had taken up a good standard
system of shorthand, and knew its general principles to some
extent. Why then did he fail to "win out"?

In the first place his teacher, if he had one, did not insist
on neatness and accuracy of outlines, and as a consequence
his characters were large, uncouth, scraggly, sprawling all
along the line,, from three to eight words filling the line
space.

Then he had not mastered the principles of contraction
and large numbers of words were written with from two tc
four strokes unnecessary for fullest needful expression.
Consequently the time lost bj writing these long outlines was
wasted, and his speed so diminished.

And still another cause of failure lay in this, he seemed
not to know how to join the very simplest words in phrasc-
outlines. He rarely, if ever, united two words in one visible
expression Here, too, his speed was diminished by the nec-
essities of Ins style of writing.

till again, he had so little confidence in his own
powers of reading his own notes, that many words, especial-
ly names, were written out t'ti full longhand.

It may be that even with these great defects he could have
done much good work. But the position for which he had
applied was one requiring utmost accuracy, high speed, ab-
solute readability of notes, and when his would-be en
saw his writing, judging from an exceedingly long experi-
ence, he said, "I dare not trust this man in my critical work.
1 fear he could not with his tools, as lie uses them, measure
up to thi vhich would* fall upon him." Scraggly

outlines, void of abbreviating principles, unphrascd, and
patched out with longhand, lost him a first-class poi

IJBBfcfcfyi

Just a little

Better

every line

makes the

the „
typewriter of efficiency

THE Monarch encourages
improvement in the oper-
ator. The more staccato her
touch, the speedier she be-
comes ; the better the quality of
the work she can turn out. The
Monarch resents pounding, but
yields to a sympathetic touch a
response in speed and accuracy
which tells in more work,
more business, more profit.
Write us and we will write you.
Better yet, let our nearest
representative show you the
Monarch. If he isn't near
enough and you know of a
good salesman, send us hi»
name and address.

THE MONARCH TYPEWRITER

COMPANY, Incorporated

Executive Offices: Monarch typewriter

Building, too Broadway, New York.

K/e/yyi S-f~

* \ % \ % \ \ y

% % % %•% % * <

(Uljr Hitautrss Journal

•JT

tuc HFArj "f a ,arge lliBh scn°o1 sa>'s:

i nfi LlHirxU -in,\ possibly three, stron

"I want tv

strong commercial
"We want a good man
with college training ami can pa> $1000 to $1500 to start." A
great business school wants a new bead for their business de-
partment. Unusual opportunities are being listed with us. If
you want a better future, write us now.

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,

ROBERT A. GRANT, Mgr. Webster Grovei, St. Louii. Mo

COMMERCIAL
teachers

-SPecKltV

OPPORTUNITIES BY THE HU.NDRED.

We have many excellent positions on file now, and every mail
brings in new openings. We need more good teachers. Our neces-
sity is your opportunity. High School and Business College posi-
tions our Specialties. Free registration.
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY, Bowling Green, Ky.

< Positions for 50 Commercial Teachers To-day

of cooJ reliabl

ot enroll for one of these fine
ns. Our service is effective
can help you. Write us \<m

THE INSTRUCTORS' AGENCY, Marion, Ind

)

WANTED-— Commercial teachers

for fine positions in High Schools and bus

ness schools in the

east. Good positions now here

waiting our recommendation. No charge f

r registration. Es-

tablished 22 years. Send compl

te particulars m your hrst letter. It will

save time and may

raring you just the place you wai

t. KELLOGG'S TtACHERS' AGENCY. 31 Union Sq

uk, N. Y.

TEACHERS WANTED--^ — 3 A

more first-class teachers on our list.

We now have some excellent positions to f

NORTHEASTERN TEACHERS' AGENCY,

11. Registration free.

C. L.SMITH, Sec'y aid Trew.

NEWMARKET, N. H.

**^^^^^^*********t**t*****t

^►WANTED— Good Commercial teach
Pacific Northwest for next yea

*<|f Write us to-day for Registration Blank. *!►*
Registration. No position, ^°^^

Link's Teach
MKr.. Boise,

position,
*rs' Agency. /
Idaho,

♦^•^♦^^♦^**>**^**»*»-»*«-**»^»-»**-»J

The Teachers' Mutual Co-operative Association
Helps good teachers better their posi-
tion and IXCREASE their SAL-
ARY by its plan. A postal tells how.
Now is the time. Address

THE TEACHERS' MUTUAL
Box 315 Ashtabula. Ohio

Teachers'
Agency

447 South Second Street, Louisville, Kentucky

NO REGISTRATION FEE.

SEVEN MEN FOR ONE HIGH SCHOOL

list to-da

icperienced, tot every kind of school, from

This is written March 1. Among the 104
for both men and women, experienced and int
California to Maine.

tin, . . t the great commercial high scl Is «»f the nation, because of a phenomenal

increase in attendance, undei its able principal i.i warm personal friend of our Manager)
has given us the first and thus I tsive call for seven good men.

t if the many tine young commercial teachers wise enough to have got into touch with
us early, we submitted the names i Fifteen, from which we hope most, if not all, of the

seven will he chosen.

r.v til time you rea I this we shall have from 7". to 100 more good positions
\\ t have a splendid company of teachers t.. help this year, we are prou
and it is an inspiration to work for them. See our Manager at the K. C. T. A. Conven-
tion m Albany; or. later, at the Ft entioo in Spokane, tin
righl i v 1 P is the thief of opportunities as well as of tint
enrollment fee. No positioni no pa]

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency, 27EbaE™ ave.01ev"ly8mIss.

A Specialty by a Specialist

News Notes.

Williams Business College, of Mil-
waukee, has established a branch school
at Waukesha, Wis., which opened on
March 4th. W. A. Cooley. formerly
with the Indiana Business College
Muncie, 1ml , has been engaged as man-
ager. As an extra inducement the school
advertises it will give a free course in
salesmanship, valued at $36.00,
to the first twenty-five charter mem-
bers This is certainly a very appro-
priate premium.

The Burroughs Adding Machine Co.
of Detroit, Mich., is winning distinc-
tion when it comes to preparing strong
advertising copy. Mr. Lewis, the ad-
vertising manager, has become nation-
ally known by reason of his "pulling"
advertisements, and as a result he is
frequently called to various parts of the
Union to address commercial and adver-
tising clubs. Only recently he com-
pleted a tour that embraced the cities of
Leavenworth, Lincoln, Omaha, Cedar
Rapids and Des Moines where he de-
livered addresses on "What Advertising
Needs" and "Creating a Town Spirit."

FOREIGN

COINS— A fir

e collect

on o

cott

s all ft

out differe

nt countries mai

ed to

you

tor

85c.

Michigan

Coin

Agency,

l.aur

urn

Mic

WANT "ADS"

W Wl KI">— To purchase for cash a
Business School, perferably in a sec-
Ii.mi with opportunity for development.
Address, giving full information, A. H.
care Business Journal.

Business College for Lease in city of 27,000;
splendid surrounding territory ; established 12
years; paying $5,000 to SS.000 yearly. A-l
equipment Will lease or sell. A snap. Ad-
dress X, c/o Business Journal.

FOR < \LE— Commercial school, $1500. value
fo $800. cash. Well established, Central

States, rich territory, excellent railroad facili-
ties. No charge for good will. Address,
Value, c/o Business Journal.

FOR SALE — A rare opportunity to buy an
established Massachusetts school that will
clean up $2000.00 to $5000.00 annually in
clear cash. Location and equipment the very
best Price right. Address "Bargain," c/o
Business Journal.

FOR SALE— A Business College in New
England territory of about 45,000 people with
practically no competition. Old school in
good standing and paying handsomely. Lib-
eral terms for quick sale. Present owner has
other interests that demand attention. X. Y.
Z., c/o Business Journal.

WANTED \ position as teacher of commer-
cial branches or shorthand, nr as principal of
department. Five years' expi

class reference. Vddress, K. 0 \\ . c/o Busi-

WHY NOT GET THE BEST?

*m Inter-Stale Teachers' Agency, Pendleton, Oregon

all? Susinraa Journal

BE A BANKER

Learn a profession in a few months that will
give vou standing and a lependen<:e the rest
of yourhfe. No nutter « here you live or whM
your occupation we will teach you by mail.
Splendid opportunities for stenographers and
bookkeeper* — mm or women The work is
pleasant, hours short, salary good. Endorsed

HIGGINS']™1

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

The kind you are sore to use
with continuous satisfaction.

At Dealers Generally.

!tT" • Or send 15 cents for 2 ez.
bottle by mail, to

CHAS. M. HIGGINS & CO., Mfr$.

271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

The Finest Cards

Written on white or colored
cards in plain, ornamental or script.
Circulars and price list free. Agents
wanted in commercial colleges and
high schools. Address,

C. C. GUYETT,

208 Ladner Ave. Buffalo, X. Y.

1 am the "Lone Star" Card Specialist. Have
the most complete Mail Course in U. S. and
for the least money. Let me prove it. Your
name artistically written on 15 Cards for
25c. Send 10c for sample 'A doz. and
Agent's outfit.

Box 1268
WACO.
TEXAS

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Hailed for 50c Send 2c. for circular

W F DUNN 2«7EGEAVENUH
W. £,. ^UlMN,jERSEY CITY. N.J

News Notes.

Tjarnell & McLeod have disposed of
the Holyoke Business Institute, Holy-
oke, -Mass., to H. J. Chapman, and will
now confine their etforts entirely to their
other school, the Greenfield Commercial
School. The Holyoke Business Institute
has built up an enviable reputation and
we wish Mr. Chapman every success.

The two business schools owned by
Geo. \Y. Bird before his demise will be
continued under the proprietorship of
Mrs. Bird, who has a good insight of
the business, as she assisted Mr. Bird in
his work during his early struggles to
gain a foothold. She will have an able
assistant in the person of Geo. Wolf, the
vice-principal, who has been connected
with the schools for the past ten years
and who now assumes complete charge
in both institutions. The same high
standard which has heretofore character-
ized the Bird schools will be maintained,
and we sincerely trust there may be no
interruption in the splendid success
these schools are achieving.

On February 2'ivA occurred the TJd
birthday of Dr. Wm. D. Bridge, and The
Journal office was remembered with a
card of greeting from him. Notwith-
standing his advanced age, he is enjoy-
ing very good health and spirits, and
we hope he may be permitted to re-
main with us for many years to come.

The rigors of the old-fashioned kind
of winter do not seem conducive to
good health during this age, judging by-
letters we have received from the fra-
ternity. D. A. Casey, of the Capital
Commercial School, Albany, X. Y., re-
ports he is now able to be out after a
siege of grippe and is having his
troubles in catching up with his work
again. S. E. Leslie, of the Eastman
Business College, Poughkeepsie, X. Y.
also writes that his family has been un-
der quarantine since Thanksgiving on
account of scarlet fever. A long time
to be deprived of the companionship of
your family, Mr. Leslie. We presume
the joys of bachelorhood do not appeal
to you any more.

G. W. Ellis, who has been following
the art of engrossing at Portland, Ore.,
is now in California. He sends us a
card showing the resolutions engrossed
by him in honor of the captain and crew
of a tug that saved the lives on board
a ship that was wrecked on the coast
of Oregon, and it displays some very
nice work on Mr. Ellis' part.

W. E. Dennis, of 357 Fulton Street.
Brooklyn, N. Y., the expert examiner of
questioned handwriting, has sent us a
pamphlet containing a very interesting
write-up on the subject of "Characteris-
tics in Chirography." Mr. Dennis has
made this matter the study of many
years, and no man is more capable of
handling it in a masterly manner. The
pamphlet is nicely illustrated, and we are
sure our readers would find it advan-
tageous to secure a copy.

The capacity of the Bridgeport, Conn.,
High School having been over-taxed for
in Mine, plans are now under contem-
plation for the erection of a new high
school building within the next year or
two This school conducts a most thor-
ough commercial department, and the
young men and women of that city will
eagerly welcome more commodious quar-
t. rs.

advertisements please mention The Busine

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489 — very soft

No. 490— soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

GILLOTTS PENS

No. 601 E Maccvm Cuill Pen

Sold by Stationers Everywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FIELD & CO.. Agents, 93 Chambers Si., N. Y.

CARDS

arenti with each order. AGENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS lJ;;<*: 17*:"J!£

Hand cut. Come in 20 different colon. Sample 10*
postpaid. ISc. 1.000 by eipress. 75c Card Circular tot
red stamp.

100 postpaid. 25c. Less for more. Ink. Glossy Black or
Very Best White. ISc. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c. Gillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per doz. Lessnni in Cart
Writinr. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN, PA.

(Earmwc (Enllrgr.

HOMF STUDY

High School

Nor

ltry
Domestic
Science
Civil Serv
Engineer!)

Professional
Penmanship
Typewriting

Shorthand Language

Book-Keeping English
100 branches from which to
iik «. ii. iiiHitH select.

Work endorsed by prominent educators.
Thousands of students enrolled. Tuition only
$5.00 per year to first five students from each
post office. Typewriters rented and sold at
only $3.00 per month. This is your oppor-
tunity. Mav we send you full information?
Shall we "do it now?" For "Special Tuition
Scholarship" apply at once to
CARNEGIE COLLEGE. No. 26 D Street. Rsieri. Okie

1 SAVE YOUR BRAIN

I G.J.tm.rA Nindirit Kaslnt rhrn 1

1 AR1THSTYLE ARJTH -MACHINE 1

/ £ ' '-^'la

■ Add*. Sobtrseti. Moltiplies. Divides] 1

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■ Potable. Dm.M. . RAM, 1 *

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■ W„i. W.nreJ. R„„,r.i BooUn. E

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^■T/e/no 5-f-

u,ljr Uittstmrss Jliwrnal

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BENNETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Sudfirnwcaulogiieofcoiirsu 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 10
plates

Automatic Sign 1'ens. (Wholesale and Ketail.l Over 50 diHerent sues and slylei

in Marking, Shading, Plain, Special and Uorder Pens for all Practical Show Card

Work. Lettering, etc. The product of over

j »«w r— T !■ i 3(1 years' experience in this special line.

1 1 iZ^l '~ "' - — ■■ SPECIAL OFFER: 6 MARKING OR S AU-

"^ — lrt^lX_ --" --J^M TOMATIC SHADING PENS, with three colors

of Automatic Ink, 1 Doz. Sheets Cross Ruled Practice Paper, 1 Alphabet Compendium

2. Containing full and complete instructions for the student and beginner, also 63

Df neat and up-to-date Alphabets and Figures for the teacher in lettering, together with

ry instructions for the Commercial Show Card Writer and Letterer. All Prepaid for

New and Complete catalogue free.
The Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Dept. I. Pontiac. Mich.. U. S. A.

It is necessary for p
special purpose.

i ornamental writing to h
The above holder is hand-turned
nnot be made by an automatic latl
If your dealer cannot supply you. send to the designer and

12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c S-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

t a holder adapted to

d adjusted, made of

LOOK FOR THE

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North 5th Street, Quincy, 111.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
stick ink — the kind that is pitchy black on
shades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea,
and is far superior to Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz had a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this has
been placed in our hands for sale.

We only have on hand a few of the $4.00
sticks. These will be sold at $1.00 less than
<he regular price until the supply is exhausted.

Enough in one large stick to last a lifetime.
Those interested should order without delay.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg., New York City

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album form
E. H. McGHEE box sei Trenton. N.J.

For OVER FIFTY YEARS have
maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
of writing and 2 good pen-holders
;ent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents.

News Notes.

D. \V. Springer of Detroit has sent us
a pamphlet snowing the courses that
will be pursued in the Detroit High
School of Commerce. The school was
established to accommodate pupils who
are fitting themselves for an orhce career,
rather than to prepare them for col-
lege. An able corps of teachers has
been engaged, and the work divided into
two course, of two and four years re-
spectively. The four year course is in-
tended for pupils who aspire to the
higher commercial positions demanding
special training, while the two year
course is for those of moderate means
who are unable to take advantage of a
four years' course. Much good" should
result from this move on the part of the
Detroit Board of Education.

Many business schools are adopting
what we consider a very good idea, and
that is in holding public exhibitions in
order that the parents and friends of
the students may see the class of work
they are doing and what progress is be-
ing made. Duff's Business College, Mc-
Keesport, Pa., held such a reception this
month. From three o'clock in the after-
noon until nine in the evening the school
was thronged with visitors. A demon-
stration was made with the stenotype
machine, which aroused much curiosity.
The penmanship work seemed to hold
their interest longest, and they marveled
at the improvement the students were
showing. As the class is under the su-
pervision of our old friend, James
Maher, we do not wonder that the ex-
hibition of pen art proved so attractive.
Specimens from the shorthand and
bookkeeping departments were also on
display. A few hours time spent in
public exhibition work serves a two-
fold purpose, namely, it renews the con-
fidence of the parents in the school, and
it encourages the students to strive to
improve in every possible manner.

H. E. Read and R. II. Peck are now
looking after the business affairs of
Brown's business schools. The success-
ful management of twenty-nine com-
mercial schools entails a heavy respon-
sibility, but from what we have seen of
their work in the past we know they
are equal to the occasion. They are
constantly infusing new blood into their
teaching corps, and one is impressed
with the general air of activity that per-
vades each of the schools under their
control.

AMES & ROLUNSON COMFWNY

■ 1 1 1 \ ■ ■ csra

■ BEST OUALtTYATMODEHAIE CUST-FDRI «l

SPENCERIAN PEN CO., ESTERBR00K

349 Broadway, New York

The importance of attaining a good

commercial education is now receiving

i.e.' wtftehr'See tot more recognition on the part of our

^J^T1 ?""""'',."""'.; various universities. The Universitv of

rains neaumul ipevriniens i'i penmanship and ,, , . . ;,.

lells ho. others became nood penmen bv the liOStOn IS nOW Contemplating installing

i V.'uncndo^'L','.p''"m' a commercial department to open next

«M HBVBK BLDG. Kansas City. Mo. fall.

STEEL PENS

A STY LE FOR
EVERY WRITER

Fine Points,

Al, 128,333, 818

T
At all Stationers.

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

Works: Camden, N. J.

95 John St., N. T.

• *

Che iBustnrsa Journal

Attractive diploma design used by W. E. Dunn, the Diploma Man,
Ames & Rollinson Co., New York City.

SUMMER SCHOOL FOR COMMERCIAL TEACHERS

The Bowling- Green Business University annually conducts a Summer
School of Method and Instruction for commercial teachers. The regular
Faculty, assisted by non-resident specialists, give courses in Accountancy,
Stenography, Telegraphy, Penmanship, English and Stenotypy. Three of
America's greatest Penmen offer their services.

Increase your earning-povver, qualify for a more congenial position and
incidentally enjoy our parks, our river outings and a trip to the near-by and
marvelous Mammoth Cave.

Xote — This school annually receives hundreds of calls for commercial
teachers.

For full particulars, write
BOWLING GREEN BUSINESS UNIVERSITY, Bowling Green, Kentucky.

Commercial Teachers' Training School. Rochester Business Institute

We prepare and place a large class of commercial teachers everv vear. We
give advanced instruction in the commercial texts all through the year and
have special summer school sessions in July for methods. Send postal card
for our prospectus and bulletin.

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

THIS IS POSITION-GETTING SEASON

For the teachers of Shorthand , Bookkeeping, Penmanship and
all other Commercial Branches. The demand promises to be un-
precedented.

Right now we have a number of first-class calls from leading high

schools and private business schools. The teachers who are on the field first

are going to have the pick of the positions this year. We" want teachers

ire willing to work for salaries ranging from $75 a month to $2,000 a

We are the pioneer Commercial Teachers' Agency. No fee for reg-

-t ration blank at once that we liiay look after your

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU, Inc., Tribune Building, New York City.
1 '""'1 Schools." Established 1S77.

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, New York City.

- Ml SSI N

Practical Business School

St. Pail. Min:
Wai.tkr Ixasmtssex. Proprietor

News Notes.

The Gem City Business College, of
Quincy, 111., recently had a demon-
strator from the Remington Typewriter
Co. give an exhibition. The students
were very much amazed to see what can
be done on a typewriter by an expert.
A most difficult feat performed by the
demonstrator was writing in Bohemian
at a rate of 60 words a minute while
conversing in German. He then gave a
display of speed work. While blind-
folded he wrote at a rate of S7 words
and concluded by copying from new mat-
ter at a rate of 103 words a minute. At
the close of the exhibition Mr. Mussel-
man, president of the school, presented
gold medals, which had been offered by
the school and the Remington and Un-
derwood typewriter companies, to the
three winners of the typewriting speed
tests which had been held a few days
prior. In writing 1073 words on a type-
writer with a blank keyboard the win-
ners averaged from 42 to 48 words a
minute. As these students had received
but a six months' course of training,
the result is very commendable and
speaks very highly for the school.

Worcester, Mass., the second city in
the state, is planning to erect two new-
high schools. Both commercial and
manual training courses will be taught
in these when completed. The cause of
education has been handicapped in the
past in this city through a lack of facil-
ities, and the erection of the two new
school buildings will be greatly appre-
ciated.

The Atlantic City, N. J., High School.

which is known as one of the best in
the country, has an exceptionally well-
organized commercial department. Mr.
Bigelow, who has the department in
charge, has accomplished such excellent
results that the present accommodations
are considered inadequate, and the school
will in the near future enlarge upon the
capacity of this department.

In a breezy letter received from J. C.
Olson, Parsons, Kans., we note that
things are humming in the Parsons Busi-
ness College. Miss Benge, a graduate
of the Ferris Institute, has been added
to their shorthand teaching force, and
we have no doubt she will answer the
purpose, as the Ferris Institute never
does things by halves. Mr. Olson states
the condition of the school is the best
since its organization and invites us to
come out and "see a real live business
si ho I " Enthusiasm counts for a great
deal these days, Brother Olson, and you
cannot have too much of it.

TEACHERS WANTED

At this time of the year we are anxious
to v:et in touch with young men and
women who teach the commercial
branches with ability and enthusiasm,
especially young men teachers of book-
keeping who are capable of developing
into managerial positions.

It is a splendid opportunity for the
right person and all you have to do to
get in touch with us is to write direct
to the Central Office,

BROWNS BUSINESS COLLEGES

8th and Pine ST. LOUIS. MO.

lesrr) S~f~

y s % \ ♦ % S

<5hc iBustttrsa Jlaurttal

News Notes.

The members of the profession will
be surprised to learn that R. J. Maclean
has resigned as Secretary of the Spokane
Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Maclean
considered this step necessary owing to
the pressure of personal business, and
he intends returning East within the
near future. The Spokane papers speak
very highly of the results .he has ac-
complished while connected with that
city's affairs and his departure will be
keenly felt. We will miss him at the
convention to be held in Spokane in
July, but have no doubt he will in-
struct his successor to see to it that we
receive a royal welcome in that city.
May the best wishes of the profession
follow you, Mr. Maclean, in your fu-
ture field of endeavor!

The Journal office is the recipient of
an alphabet beautifully illuminated and
also a design of the words "Business
Journal" executed with a brush, the cap-
itals being artistically colored. The
work was done by F. S. Field, Flushing,
N. Y., who is a carpenter by trade. Mr.
Field believes in utilizing every spare
moment, and the specimens in our of-
fice show what good results may be ob-
tained when one's interest is aroused
and the determination is there to suc-
ceed. The alphabet has been framed,
and it makes a commendable showing
among the many works of art adorning
the walls of our sanctum.

Announcement has been received of
a change in the firm of J. .\. Lyons &
Co , the well-known Chicago publishing
house. The corporate name in future
will be Lyons & Carnahan.

The New York Telephone Co. has is-
sued a very neat booklet portraying the
possibilities the long distance telephone
affords in doing business. It presents
some very good arguments, and illus-
trates them in an interesting manner.

Francis B. Courtney advises us that
he severed his connections with the
Cedar Rapids, la., Business College in
December, and is now devoting all his
time to a correspondence school which
he has established. He states he has
students in practically every state in the
Union, as well as in Canada and other
foreign countries. Mr. Courtney cer-
tainly has the qualifications necessary
for the calling he has adopted and we
have no doubt he will achieve marked
success. You have our best wishes, Mr
Courtney, and we shall watch your
progress with interest.

BlOBt

10,000

UnderWOOT
Typewriters

have been ordered by the

Western Union Telegraph Company

Largest Typewriter Sale in History

This decision to equip its thousands of offices with Underwoods
was reached after an extended, searching and impartial investigation into
the merits of all writing machines — an investigation made by expert
telegraph operators and practical mechanicians. Recognizing proven
superiority, this great Telegraph Company has awarded the contract to
the most perfect typewriter.

The Underwood

is first in mechanical construction and practical utility— holds all the
world's records for speed — best fits every need for special work.

"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"
UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER COMPANY

Underwood Building, New York
Branches in All Principal Cif.cs.

WORK OF ONE BLIND MAN.

What J. E. Swearingen Is Doing for the State of South
Carolina.

J. E. Swearingen, the blind State Superintendent of Edu-
cation for South Carolina, is to look after thousands of wide
awake boys and uirls. Although Mr. Swearingen has lived
in darkness since bis eleventh year, when an accident while
hunting destroyed his eyesight, he went through the pre-
scribed course in the University of South Carolina, leading
his class, and became a teacher in the State institution foi
the blind.

His solution of the problem of industrial education de-
serves wide publicity, says the American Magazine. While
in New Hampshire, for example, BOO.OOO acres of soil once
under the plough has been allowed to grow up into under-
brush, the cultivated acreage of South Carolina is growing
each year.

Thi

ip of thi

State in 1910 was worth 5:::s.ono,ooo

i'lle .r. ■■■duct' . .f the

State were worth $200,000,000 las) year, against less than
one half thai sum for manufacturing and the allied industries.
The school administration of Mr. Swearingen, as State Su-
perintendent, aims to keep the boys and girls at home. The
sort of p wishes to .yive to his State may be best

expressed in his own words: "The three Rs are no less
dustrial efficiency than for cultural effic-
ut the idea that corn and ctton roots supply less
: than do Latin and Greek roi >rne out

by mi dern sc

With this watchword the school children of South Caro-
lina have been learning (as the law compels), the principles
ntary agriculture. They have planted over ."i.tiOO acres
this year, and their fathers looking on, as they have

delved in their 1 k< and in the soil at the same time, have

es been taught that the earth has never been worked
i ^t capacity.
Corn clubs, tomato clubs, the Federal farm demonstration
■ . for instruction of the State Agricul-
tural C ' mghout the State are sup-
ra] ttin/j Mr Swearingen's eff

Over
Three-
Quarters
of a Million

Remington

Typewriters

are in use today— more than any other make,
and more than many others combined.

Do you realize what this means to the typist ?

It means that the opportunities of the Remington
Typist are greater than those of any other typist — or
of manv others combined.

From every point of view, it pays to operate the
" Recognized Leader Among Typewriters."

Remington Typewriter Company

Incorporated

New York and Everywhere

^^■T/e^n 5 ■*-

4 \ S S % % %

&<~^

or-

Panaiiuc of

MAY, 1912

News Edition

Pl/ffU5HE/7 MDMTHLY AT THE REGULAR EDIT/ON 75= A YEAR

TR/BUME BU/LD/NG. HEW YORK NEWS ED/T/aN*/.0O A YEAR

GJljp HusutPBB Journal

"Cost Accountancy for Manufacturing"

is so far in advance of any other manufacturing set offered, that it is incomparable. It is only one
of the series of sets that are included in providing the various courses that may be made up from

Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy."

Each of the other sets is just as distinctive, just as incomparable, and just as different from others
<>f similar name. There is not another bookkeeping publication on the market that is in the same
class. Our business for the coming year in this subject promises to double or triple that of any
previous year. If the phrase, "Sweeping the country," ever applied to any text, it applies to this new
w<>rk. which teachers have been looking for and requesting for many years. Write for details.

BALTIMORE //j^, /-/ y?zJlSoUSz/& O. MARYLAND

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

ScientificTouch Typewriting will do thit for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

The Folder System is designed especially for imall
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
vou have examined the National

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

20 Reasons why you should purchase

THE No. 12 MODEL

I . Visible Writing. 2. Interchangeable Type. 3. Lightest Touch.

4. Least Key Depression. 5. Perfect & Permanent Alignment.
6. Writing in Colors. 7. Least Noise. 8. Manifolding Capacity.
9. Uniform Impression. 10. Best Mimeograph Work.
I I. Any Width of Paper Used. 12. Greatest Writing Line.
13. Simplicity of Construction. 14. Greatest Durability.
15. Mechanical Perfection. 16. Back Space Attachment.
17. Portability. 18. Least Cost for Repairs. 19. Perfect Escape-
ment. 20. Beauty of Finish. Write for Catalog

The Hammond Typewriter Co.

NEW YORK, U. S. A.

ksrr\ 5-f-

<3hr- Usitautrsa Journal 3

The Isaac Pitman Shorthand

Once More Chosen as THE BEST

After due investigation into the merits of the different systems of shorthand the Isaac Pitman

has been selected for the New Central Commercial and Manual

Training High School of Newark, N. J.

"Course in

Isaac Pitman

Shorthand"

$1.50

and

"A Practical

Course in

Touch

Typewriting"
have been
adopted.

Central Commercial and Manual Training High School of Newark, N. J.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, 2 West 45th Street, New York

Fourth Edition-
Revised and Enlarged

STYLE-BOOK

BUSINESS ENGLISH

Including Card-indexing and Record-Filing

"\our Style-Book of Business English is the only text that I know of that contains completely and in lesson
form all the points on business correspondence needed by students of stenography, bookkeeping and typewriting.
The fact that it has been revised and enlarged and finely illustrated to teach the card-index and filing systems
makes it of special value, as such instruction is not to be found in practical, daily lesson form in any other work.
The best feature, however, to me is that it embodies all the requirements in Commercial English of the New York
State Board of Regents, as shown in their examinations, thus enabling students or teachers who wish to qualify
for licenses to teach in the public schools to obtain all the material necessary. All my students have to pass the
Regents' Examination in Commercial English, so you may be sure that 1 was yerj careful in selecting a text for
that purpose."— Irving Green, St. John's College, Brooklyn, X. )'.

Cloth, Gilt Lettering, 234 pages, 85 cents

Copy. Postpaid, 57 cents. Mention School

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, Publishers

2 West 45th Street New York

uljr iBusinrsu JJmirnal

THE RIGHT BOOK FOR COMMERCIAL CLASSES

BRIGHAM'S COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

is the hunk teachers have been looking for. It is admirably written, contains the essential features.
placing emphasis where it belongs. .

The student enter- at once upon the study of wheat, cotton, cattle, iron, and coal, as the staples
of industry, and gains inductively a knowledge of the underlying principle- of commercial geography.

Part II. which treats of the commercial geography of the United State-, brings to the front
the most significant features of our industries and commerce. A chapter is devoted to the subject
of water resources, the importance of which is for the first time recognized in a textbook.

Part III deals briefly with the commercial geography of foreign countries.

The work i- fully illustrated with diagrams, maps, and photographs that are closely related
tu the text and of immense value in the course.

GINN AND COMPANY

Boston
Atlanta

New York
Dallas

Chicago

Culuniln

London

San Francisco

BENN PITMAN
PHONOGRAPHY.

THE STANDARD
SHORTHAND SYSTEM.

It Leads
In the Government Service.
In the Reporting of Law Courts.
In General Use in Business Offices.
In the Public High Schools.
pi Private Commercial Schools.
In Parochial and Institutional Schools.

Publish! by

I in Phonogf \nn' Institute Co
Cincinnati, < >HIO.

I'.i.nn I'i i m \s. Founder.

dent.

Gregg
Shorthand

was adopted by more than
four hundred public and
private schools last season.

What i- the reason for the great popularity
of the ^wuiit? Simply this — to use a terse
phrase — it makes good wherever introduced.

1 1 solves the shorthand problem for the scl Is

that adopt it.

Let us help you solve your shorthand prob-
lem. Write for Booklet B. J. NTo. 3.

The Gregg Publishing Co.

NEW YORK

CHICAGO

k/nn 5-f-

4 \-% \ % % ■* ■<

aljr 1Bu0tn?sa 3ourttal

^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦*

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A TEXTBOOK OF

DISTINCTIVE AND SURPASSING MERIT

Graham's
Amanuensis Phonography

used in the stenographic classes in the

School of Industrial Arts,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

and leading Normal Schools

It is accurate

It trains in outline building

It holds the pupils' interest

It decreases the teacher's work.

Price, $1.25, postpaid.

ANDREW J. GRAHAM & CO.

♦
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o

♦

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o

♦ ll35 BROADWAY

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<

NEW YORK^

Modern Accountant, Revised.

The fundamental principles of accounting are sim-
ple. You have never seen a text that presented these
principles as simplj as this new text does. Pi
you have always considered accounting to be system-
■atized arithmetic, but never before have you seen a

course in I kkeeping that made this sufficiently clear.

and utilized the idea. Modern Accountant, Revised,
approaches bookkeeping from the arithmetical side—
the pupil is interested at once ill something he can
understand, and receives practical benefit from the first
lesson I'lie text is well illustrated by model forms
and striking diagrams and outlines. We can furnish
tests in closing the blank books ruled to lit the course.

Have you felt your I kkeeping course

strengthening : Thai ■ nld be devoted to

the first pari of the course so that more time should
be devoted to the advanced part? Probablj Modern
Accountant, Revised, would just suit you. Writ
once for further informal

LYONS & CARNAHAN

Successors to J. A. LYONS & CO.

623 S. Wabash Ave.
CHICAGO

1 133 Broadway
NEW YORK

Monarch

Touch

'HE extremely

light action

of the Monarch

Typewriter endears it

to all operators who use it.

The typist who takes pride
in her position finds great
satisfaction in being able to
turn out asmuch work, and as
good work, per hour, toward
the end of Xhe- working day
as during the morning. Other
conditions being the same,
she can always do this on a
Monarch. There is

"No Three O'Glock
Fatigue"

for users of this machine. The
mechanical reason for the
Monarch light touch is found
n the action of the Monarch
^)3I/\ type bar, an exclusive
and patented feature
which gives this re-
markably light touch.
We would remind the
business man that Monarch
light touch means more work
and better work, because less
physical strength is expended
by the operator. Therefore,
cost per folio is reduced, mak-
ing the Monarch a business
economy.

SEXD FOR MOXARCH
UTER.ATCRE

Then try the Monarch, and be
convinced that Monarch merit
rests in the machine itself, not
merely in what we tell you
about it.

Monarch Department

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere

ents please mention The B'_

ahc iBustttrss Journal

New Revised Edition of

Modern Illustrative Bookkeeping

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For years this has been the standard system of
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first publication.

No change has been made in the teaching plan
or in the original transactions in the Introductory

INQUIRY

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terially strengthened by the addition of numerous
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'In the Advanced Course the special lines of
business covered are treated according to the
most approved accounting methods in current
use.

What system of bookkeeping are you going to use?
Why not try Modern Illustrative?

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

IMPORTANT TO MUNSON TEACHERS AND LEARNERS!

HOW TO MAKE A LIVING, likewise a new Munson reading book, 136 pages, postpaid .75

PRACTICAL PHONOGRAPHY, a complete text-book of Munson Phonography, simple, direct, and
eminently practical, 233 pages 1-00

PHONOGRAPHIC EXERCISE BOOK, to be used in conjunction with "Practical Phonography, con-
taining some 2500 words and phrases in longhand as they occur in the text-book, with space for phonographic
outlines and teacher's corrections, postpaid - • . -30

A sample copy of any or all of the foregoing books will be sent to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, upon receipt of one-half the retail price.

SOME OF
THE OTHER

PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

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Prepared to meet the requirements of commercial
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Packard's Progressive Business Prac-
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What the student will be expected to do when h«
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This plan is simply ideal, and is so pronounced by all
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The New Packard Commercial Arith-
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A reliable exposition of banking as carried on at
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LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO SCHOOL
Any of the above books will be sent to teachers, to
amination, upon very
Correspondence i«

onable terms.

S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

ing advertisements please mention Tm Business Journal.

^■T/ez/n 5^

♦ %*%%%

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J 6th Year

MAY, 1912

No. 9

BUSINESS EFFICIENCY AS APPLIED TO BUSI-
NESS TEACHING.

By Homer S. Pack.
Abstract of address before the Fifteenth Annual Conference,
Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association at Albany, New

York, April 6, IQI2.

FFICIENCY is an old idea under a new name.
In the Garden of Eden, desire and its satis-
faction probably knew no separation in time or
fact, but at the moment of the expulsion of
Adam, when he was confronted with the prop-
osition ot securing and eating his bread by the sweat of his
brow, Efficiency became a live issue. Nations and rulers
come and go, and the centuries roll by, but the problem of
the ages, the fullest accomplishment of desires with the least
expenditure of effort, follows mankind like a shadow, ever
present and never solved.

Efficiency, to give it a short definition, is effectiveness — a
full return for the expenditure of capital or effort.

Waste, on the other hand, is an expenditure without a
return, an effort that does not produce.

If a given expenditure, therefore, should give a theoretical
return, that is, 100 per cent, the actual return we may call
Accomplishment, and the lost effort Waste. Thus, of a pos-
sible 100 per cent, efficiency, we may have 80 per cent, of
accomplishment and 20 per cent, waste.

We now have the enemy located, the very devil of waste,
the arch enemy who places around and about us a thousand
ingenious devices, our likes and prejudices, our haste, our
carelessness, and physical complications without number, to
harass us and to cause us to make two motions to secure
the result that should come from one motion.

Let us analyze the enemy.

There is Scientific Waste, the elimination of which is a
matter for scientific investigation and laboratory research.
Thus, the locomotive is, from a scientific viewpoint, inefficient
because a large amount of energy of the coal is lost. There
are substantial reasons for the loss, such, for example, as
the effect of the cold air that necessarily surrounds the fire
box. Progress is continually being made in the elimination
of scientific waste, as is evident from a comparison of the
Mogul type of locomotive, considered wonderful in the early
nineties, with the present day type of consolidation locomotive.
But the problem is a scientific one, and may safely be left
to the men who are trained in the technical schools for that
particular field of activity.

The great waste with which the commercial public is con-
cerned, however, is Commercial Waste, the preventable loss,
as distinguished from the scientific loss. The locomotive,
for example, is fully efficient from a commercial viewpoint,
because things and persons can be transported between, say,
Xew York and Pittsburg, at a less cost by the use of loco-
motive than in any other way. P.ut one company may se-
cure 00 per cent, of the possible commercial efficiency, while
another company secures but 80 per cent., the percentages
measuring the relative efficiency.

Commercial efficiency does not always imply an immediate
profit object. Thus, it may safely be stated that the ladies
and gentlemen before me are engaged in a service work, in
which the income is incidental, and they may not desire to
have their work classed with commercial enterprises. This
is quite right, but, in a broad sense, you are working to pro-
mote the elimination of commercial waste, and you can ask
nothing better than to have Tom, Dick and Harry, whom you

are now training, take that 80 per cent, railroad and run its
accomplishment up to the 100 per cent. mark. Your efforts,
therefore, are directed against the commercial waste, just
as the efforts of instructors in the technical schools are di-
rected against scientific waste. You bear to the commercial
struggle the relation that West Point and Annapolis bear
to warfare — you train the warriors.

So we have Waste analyzed, and your relation to it de-
fined. We can now afford to consider briefly the laws and
principles of efficiency that have been worked out so that,
later, we may apply them to our own needs in the education
of the men who are to struggle with the problems of com-
mercial accomplishment.

First of all, in undertakings of any size we must have the
working organization, by which capital is enlisted and effort
directed for the accomplishment of the organization object.
In service, as well as in strictly profit, enterprises, we have
the need for Capital and Labor.

Homer S. Pace.

Capital supplies the tools or equipment that render effort
more fully productive, and in judging the efficiency of a
management, we must always allow for capital conditions.
If a principal has insufficient equipment, the results of his
work should be judged in the light of such handicap.

Effort must be expended, and it divides between managerial
and that which is expended in the direct promotion of the
object. In teaching, the managerial effort is found in the
principal and superintendent, and the direct effort is ex-
pended bj the teacher in class. In manufacturing, similarly,
we have the superintendent or foreman and the manual
workers ; in the army, the officer and private, and so on
throughout all organized effort.

The greatest of all efficiency principles is the Law of Co-
ordination, because it knits together the capital and the
managerial and subordinate effort of the organization for the
promotion of the object. Without proper co-ordination one
principal works at cross purposes with another, one brigadier

Uhp Husittras Journal

fails to support his fellow officers, and the ultimate object
suffers.

The second principle of Efficiency we know as Educational
Supervision. It amounts merely to the definition of duties,
so that the work that is to be done by an individual, whether
in a managerial or subordinate capacity, is made the subject
of intelligent thought and planning and reduced to definite
fi nn.

Thus, the teaching work in which I have been concerned,
the professional education of men for Business and the prac-
tice of Accountancy, is carried on in various cities, all the
way from New York to San Francisco, by instructors in res-
ident schools. \\ e worked out in our schools in New York
City methods and expedients that produced certain definite
results under the conditions that existed in this particular
kind of teaching. Instead of allowing each instructor in each
of the various schools to experiment and carry on the studies
that were necessary in the first instance, the results were
reduced to writing and passed on to the teachers in the form
of definite instructions. Further, the rules were modified to
suit the conditions existing in Extension or correspondence
teaching, by which the work of the resident schi ols is carried
to those who cannot attend resident schools.

In the same way, in an office organization, the duties of
ill. employees, ranging from the office bo) to the general
manager, are reduced to definite written form.

I'.\ this plan of Educational Supervision, the methods that
have been evolved from experience, and from the superior
intelligence which is supposed to exist in the directing man
in tin organization, are carried effectively through the teachers
to the various students that are to receive whatever service
the organization renders. Without such a definite program,
the organization breaks down, and from an organization view-
p mi. you have a mob instead of an organized body of trained
soldiers.

The co-ordination of effort, which is the first essential, i>
pro ted b) the use of Educational Supervision, for the ex-
act definition of duties i- of the verj essence of successful
ei i w i irl ing

A third principle, called the Determination of the Reason-
able Return; is a principle that has been worked out during
ill. present efficiency agitation. Heretofore we have been
content to measure what we are doing to-day by what we
■ hd < terday, or by what our neighbor is accomplishing. Thus,
a commercial concern compares its profit and loss account
this year with a similar Statement for last year, or with the
results obtained by its neighbor. This may be a defective-
basis, for the reason that the- relation of the results last
in ideal accomplishment is not known, and the ap-
DM ach of the neighbor to full efficiency is unknown. In lieu
of this, efficiency undertake- to determine what should be
accomplished by surveys and use of tune studies, so that
we ma) compare what we actually do accomplish with that
which wc determine shoul/i be accomplished.

The fourth principle is Planning, and is based upon the
I. regoing principle. When we know what should be done
we call plan and route the work that is to be done intel-
ligently, laying it out so that each individual may be full)
Occupied without being overloaded

i! Note. — Par! 1 of this paper will appear in the
line issue of The Journal. Mr. Pace applies the principles
of efficiency to class room work.

SPOKANE SIDE ISSUES.

Those who go to Spokane will have so man) interesting
side-trips open to them that the side issues are likely to ob-
scure' the main issue of an edu eting. Put is
not the education of travel quite as vivid, lasting, and liber-
alizing as t!ie education resident in convention papers? Wheth-
er the at . or no, the tourist teacher ma) be -at
r there will bi arv conflict between the two
ering mental, spiritual (not spirituous),
rial nourishment during the coming Transconti-
for Teachers. The side-issues will present

Sp : a i the ci 'in entii m papers
■ us. in Spokane.
nably. whether outbound or returning, everyone will
nver on this trip. He will see a beautiful modern
puted metropolis of the Rock) Mountain coun-
try, t - ;raci Full) . nevertheless, on the
DENVER level plain, though so near the majestic moun-
their snow-covered summits are

easily visible. Automobile trip-, at from seventy-five cents to
$2.50 take one to everything notable in and near the city, and.
indeed, out and up into the heart of the Rockies. Further-
more, those fortunate enough to have a full day in the city
may take a sixty-live mile trip to Corona, at the crest of
the Rockies, almost 12,000 feet above the level of the sea,
with views unsurpassed. This round-trip of 130 miles over
the famous ".Moffat Road" takes one farther up into the
air than it is possible to go by any other standard-guage line.
It takes about six or seven hours for the round-trip with a
stop for luncheon, and the cost is $4. .'.(>, with special rates
on Saturday and Sunday. Send to C. E. Goody, City Pas-
senger Agent, Tl'J Seventeenth St., Denver, for a book of
\ leu s.

Everybody has read of the Garden of the God*. Pike's Peak.
Cheyenne Canyon, The Cave of the Winds (a really won-
derful place), Williams Canyon, and Old Town, the former
capital of Colorado, about which lingers the
COLORADO fragrant memory of that classic bit of music,
SPRINGS. -There'll P.e A Hot Time in the Obi Town

To-night." Colorado Springs has a full
repertory for the eager tourist, and everyone who remem-
bers the writing of Helen Hunt Jackson will want to climb
the stairs up past the series of falls in South Cheyenne Can-
yon— away up finally and victoriously (for it takes heroic
effort i to the top of Pig Cheyenne Mountain, where is the
grave of the gifted writer and friend of the red man. Put
nobody should nn-, the Crystal Park Auto trip, a
auto ride up beautifully-built mountain roads to an eleva-
tion of 8,500 feet. Here is a charming combination of scenery
intimately picturesque and pleasing and also awe-inspiring in
sheer magnitude: Prom the higher points on this drive one
gets an uninterrupted view over the plains to the east for one
hundred miles. It is not uncommon for those who take the
various trips to advise their friend- not to miss it. even though
the) must sacrifice every other. Most people will want to be
able to say, however, that they stood on the top of Pike's
Peak, anil since we are t" be m Colorado Springs on July
Fourth, and since there is always snow on the top of the Peak
at that time, we shall want to be able to send home kodak
pictures of ourselves in a snow frolic at the top of the world
"it the Fourth, it Usually COStS $5 for the ride up on the cog
railway. L'nless one is a hardy mountaineer, or has the
patience of Job to toil up on board a burro, the railwav i-
tlie way. It leaves one free to make mental negative of the
Cyclopean work of Mother Nature. You can learn more phy-
sical geography on this trip than in weeks at school — likewise
you can correct yourself regarding some things you have been
teaching in school. To see the sun rise while at the summit
ot the Peak, or to see the sun set while there, is an exp rience
mver to be forgotten. Send to W. C. Dotterer, I
Springs, for views and information about tile Crystal Park
\iito Trip.

["hose wli" '-.in do so ought b) all means to lie

Canon City, t i ido, long enough to take the "Skyline

Drive" which takes one over such a road as may be pictured
in an impossible dream— practically the leveled
CANON tipt.p ridge of a skyscraping mountain, terminat-
CITY. ing so sharply that, from tin- vehicle,

look down into the far-fain,.' rge "f

the Arkansas, a sheer drop of a half-mile past vertical rocks
bare of tree or shrub. Here is an eight-mile side-issue that is
worth while; besides, in taking the trip, i i idea of

instrv in Colorado, the irrigated orchards of
that vicinity lying in panorama beneath one. H. S. Maddox,
Canon ( Sty, will sen,] N lews.

After riding all day through the mountains, threading in
ami out of ,-dl but bottomless gorges between sky-reaching

cliffs on rtth.r side, it is an unspeakable relief to n

^■T/e/no 5^

Gilt? Sitstiipaa Journal

the oasis of Glen wood Springs, especially
GLEN WOOD if there is time to test the cleansing prop-
SPRINGS. erties of the swimming pool or the inviting

bathing building. We shall he happy and
all hut paralyzed with amazement by what we shall have seen
especially if outward bound, at the beginning of the jour-
ney, before we shall have become surfeited with magnitude
and volume — but we shall probably be also dusty and per-
spiring, and somewhat cramped from a day's confinement in
the coaches. Glenwood Springs will give us cleanliness, a
measure of coolness, green grass and flowers ami fruit. It
is a famous Summer resort; and no one who has the time
should omit from his plans the delight fid experience of a
plunge.

Washington for many decades was known as "The City
of Magnificent Distances," but. in the phrase of the day. " it
certainly had nothing on" Salt Lake City, in that respect.
You would think that the Mormon patri-
SALT LAKE archs, having all outdoors at their command,
CITY decided to lay out streets and blocks in pro-

portion to tlie available land. You will
surely want to use transportation other than " Shanks' horses."
if you are to do much seeing in Salt Lake City. Naturally,
even i me will want to see the great Mormon Temple — from
the outside, for the Gentiles that will make up our pedagogical
tourist party might as well expect to penetrate the Holy City
of Lhassa as to have a look in at the Mormon Temple. But
we shall doubtless have an opportunity to see the great Taber-
nacle, in the next yard, among beautiful trees: a splendid
auditorium, one of the largest in the country, with a magni-
ficent pipe organ, and acoustic properties so perfect that one
can almost literally hear a pin dropped at the end opposite
to him.

However, the fun-loving will head straight for Saltair, the
name given to the bathing resort on Salt Lake, reached hv a
rather short ride over salt fields. The water of Salt Lake
is so saline that a man cannot sink — though he is very likely
to wish fervently that he might, after he has begun splashing
about and got some of the salty water in his eyes, and has
quickly put up his dripping hands to wipe the offending brine
away, only to raise his irritation to the nth power. As a.
novelty, it is great fun: as a swimming exercise, Santa Moni-
ca or Atlantic City has it beaten to oblivion. But Salt Lake
City is more than a group of odd things to see. It is a great
business city, and it will prove a surprise to those effete
Easterners who expect to see bronco busters lariating run-
away steers in the suburbs: or cow-punchers shooting up the
town.

\ description of the Yellowstone National Park would be
an attempt to paint the lily, after the efforts of the word-
weavers who write advertising matter for the Northern Pacif-
ic Railway. Write to the nearest
THE YELLOWSTONE agent of the Northern Pacific
NATIONAL PARK. (Boston, New York. Chicago,

Omaha, Minneapolis. or any
other large citj I, and ask him to send you a c >pj of their
latest edition of "Wonderland." telling him that you are
thinking of making the Park trip tins coming Summer. It
will pay you even if you find eventually that you cannot go
The wonderful " formations," the hot springs, geysers, boiling
mud caldrons, steam plants, wild-tame or tame-wild animals;
the beautiful lake, the great tumbling river, the splendid Falls
of the Yellowstone, and over and above all else, to be re-
called with solemn reverence, as in the verj presence of tin

Omnipotent, the overwhelming splendor and immeasurable

magnitude of the Grand Canon of the Yellowstone,

from Inspiration Point. He who, Standing on Inspiration
Point, can find it possible to think or to say that winch is un-

worthy or trifling writes himself infallibly down as a man
with a microscopic soul. To the man of sensibility inevitably
come quotations from the Hebrew prophets, the lofty phrasing
of the Psalms, as the ineffectual finite mind tries to express,
at least to itself, the emotions that well up in the heart. The
largeness, the glorious sweep and bracing buoyancy of it
all will certainly send back to his Eastern home, wiser,
humbler, and better, each man who for the first time — yes,
or for many times — has taken this unique method of spending
a week very close to the heart of Mother Nature.

But this was to be "Side Issues," and Spokane is the
principal tiling, the main issue, so let us pass on to Seattle,
Portland, San Francist'o, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, Pasa-
dena. Riverside, Redlands, San Diego. Re-
SPOKANE. dondo Beach, Long P.each, Santa Monica, with
their magnificeni surf bathing facilities — The
American Riviera. ( )r let us go to Tacoma, Seattle. Van-
couver, and back by the Canadian Rockies, the mighty Scl-
kirks, with a few days at famous Banff, or at Glacier, where
we may see and walk on a real titanic glacier, or at Laggan,
with the indescribable beauty of "The Lakes among the
Clouds" These beckoning "Side Issues" we shall have to
leave for a subsequent article, but do not fad to include in
your plans the ascent of Mount Tamalpais. at San Francisco.
where on a clear day you get a wonderful panoramic view of
The Golden Gate, the Pacific. San Francisco Bay, girdled with
beautiful cities, and great San Francisco risen from her ashes
more stately than before. And do not deny yourself tin-
great treat you will have in ascending Mount Lowe, at Pasa-
dena. Think of climbing a great mountain to a dizzy height,
on a trolley car' It seems incredible, but it is really true.
And the view of the San Gabriel Valley from Mount Lowe
will remain a peaceful, beautiful memory quite as long as
the memory of the rugged and stupendous pictures afforded
by the climb up Pike's Peak

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.
Shanley, High School. Lowell, Mass.

Leslie, Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Delia M. Hackett, Public Schools. E. Orange. N. J.
Florence M. Smith, Public Schools. E. < 'range. N. J.

Smith. I'.agan School, Union Hill. N. J.

Beygrau, Columbia University, New York City.
Stacy, Meadville. Pa.. Commercial College.
Burridge, Columbia Grammar School. New York.
Rowe, Jr., 1 1 M. Rowe Co., Baltimore, Md.

T. Sharp. Jr.. Engrossing \rtist. New York.

Ferris. Pagan School. Hoboken, N. J

Dennis, Engrossing Vrtist, Brooklyn, N. Y.

J. A.
S. E.

Miss
Miss
F. M
F. R.
L. E.
J. G.
11. M
Peter
F. F'.
W . E

There are many ways of spelling success. We offer one
that no doubt will appeal to many. We must admit that
business success which is built upon dollars and cents only-
lias a foundation resting on the sands. Nevertheless there
-i who prefer the hank account, the surplus and the
undivided profits to anything else, feeling that with such a
monument their fame as business successes will rest secure.
On the other hand there are those who desire to be remember-
ed for their main g 1 deeds, their philanthropies, their con-
sideration of their employes, their devotion to the duties of
citizenship and their general usefulness to the community.
\ g.,,d name is rather to be chosen than great ri

"I.ovaltv

atest word in the English languag

The difference between character and reputation is as
great as between gold and brass They may iook th? same,
but they don't wear the same.

ni\t iBusmpas Journal

HOW BANKS MAKE COLLECTIONS.
By Carl E. Wagner.
HE question of the collection of items left with
the bank by its customers is an important one,
since about nine-tenths of the country's busi-
flgH ness done through the banks is by check, note,
draft, etc., as compared with the remaining tenth
The present article deals more particularly with
those items which are credited only upon payment. True,
there are various items classed as cash, which come under
the consideration of the present article, because they are in
no sense cash items. Of this nature are sight drafts, and or-
dinary bills of exchange, with or without bills of lading at-
tached, which, because of the financial responsibility of the de-
positors and on account of the competition between banks, are
accepted as cash.

The bulk of a bank's items are checks drawn on other
banks or banking institutions, the smaller part being paper
of different kinds drawn by one firm or individual upon
another. In the collection department is handled mostly
paper which is not bankable until it has been accepted by
the individual or firm upon whom it is drawn. In addition
to the kinds of paper above noted, the collection depart-
ment handles all paper having a fixed maturity. Such paper
can not be taken as cash, since it is not collectable until
due, and although payable at some banking institution, must
be certified before being handled as cash. It may be said
that the procedure outlined is also that employed in the
collection of out-of-town checks. The collection of city
checks through the clearing house is outside the province
of the present article.

Having explained the different kinds of paper handled by
the collection department, we will now turn our attention
to the method pursued in disposing of these items. They
are divisible into two classes — foreign and domestic. By
foreign we mean all items payable at out-of-town points.
To facilitate the checking of the mail, certain marks are
used to designate the different classes of items, i. c. red
check for foreign cash items, black check for local clearing
house items, and double red check for drafts sent for
collection. This checking also includes noting whether
paper is subject to protest or not, seeing that bills of lading
and other items are actually attached when so listed, and
complying with special instructions. If any discrepancies
come to light, they are given immediate attention. For in-
stance, it frequently happens that the correspondent's letter
does not bear the advices appearing on the draft, and then
the teller is called upon to use his own judgment in the
matter. At times it is an easy matter to follow precedent, but
occasionally it is necessary to have definite information and
in that event a telegram is resorted to if the matter is
urgent, or if otherwise a letter is written.

Another occasion for correspondence is in the case of
drafts drawn "on arrival," when the bill of lading is to be
delivered only on payment of draft. The draft being pre-
sented in the usual course of business, the draw e will
usually insist that it be held until the arrival of the ship-
ment. If no notice "f this has been received by the bank,
a letter is situ to the drawer, stating that as the bank is
entirely dependent upon the consignee (who alone is noti-
fied by the railroad), for the advice of the arrival of the
shipment, it will hold the draft and bill of lading without
. subject to the consignee's notification. Delays are
apt to occur in such cases. Quite frequently, cars contain-
ing the shipments are delayed or lost in transit and a con-
siderable period of time is required for the railroad to
locate them. Again, the shipment having arrived and not
being up to the standard agreed upon, the drawee refuses

to honor the draft which again necessitates correspondence
and probably the return of the shipment and draft.

After the incoming mail has been checked, all city items
are passed over to the note teller to be registered. The
city items are then turned over to the messengers to be
presented at the various places of business. In the absence
of the party on whom the draft is drawn, or on his re-
quest, notice to pay or accept, as the case may be, is left
and the draft brought back to the bank.

Frequently it happens that the drawee's place of business
is too distant from the messenger's route for the day to
permit of a personal call and it is then necessary to mail
a notice to the drawee, asking him to call at the bank and
pay the draft. If no answer is received, the draft is re-
turned with the notation " notice sent, no attention."

When payment of city items is refused, an effort is made
to have the party endorse the reason on the back of the re-
jected item. If this is done, misunderstandings aTe avoided
and the drawer is given direct information as to why his
draft was dishonored. Sometimes the drawee and his
clerks are too busy or do not care to take the time and trou-
ble to endorse the reason for refusing payment on the
back of the instrument. To render the matter as easy as
possible, a slip such as the one shown herewith, attached
to the draft. The checking of the reason for which the
draft is returned is then a simple matter.

RETURNED

UNPAID

Reason checked, if known

As Requested

Check Sent

For Endorsement

For Signature

Has Been Paid

Never Pays Drafts

No Attention

Not Correct

Not Enough Funds

Payment Stopped

Refused

Will Remit

Will Write

Please remit cents for presenting and postage.

From

If nothing is heard from the drawee after notice of a
draft has been left at his place of business, the messenger
will perhaps call him up on the phone and if he refuses
to pay, succeed in getting a definite reason, or, if the party
is willing to pay, either arrange for him to call at the bank
and make payment or for the messenger to present the
draft.

When a draft has been returned to the drawer without
definite reason for its non-collection, he sometimes writes
his customer to ascertain the reason and receives for an
answer that the draft has never been presented. The drawer
then either complains to the hank or is perhaps prejudiced
against it, which is worse, and he may even hesitate to con-
tinue his relations with the hank. For this reason, and as
a matter of service to the customer, every effort sh,,u!<l
be made to ascertain the reason for non-payment when a
draft is refused.

\nother complaint frequently made is that hanks, await-
ing the convenience of the drawee, hold .drafts too long,
thinking that they arc favoring the drawer in this by in-
creasing the chances of payment. The practice is one that
may cause loss to the bank and annoyance to the drawer.
The only advantage is found in the fact that the bank can
deduct the exchange for remitting if the draft is paid and
thus be reimbursed for its service. The more satisfactory
practice is to return the draft at once, for, should the
drawee make an assignment, the bank might be liable.

57 • it/rTl 5 7-

l|iurijaitn aW (J|u]jmmtuig

IE largest gathering of Methodist ministers and
aymen ever collected for ecclesiastical purposes
will lie the .Methodist General Conference of
the World which meets in Minneapolis, Minn,
May 1st to continue during that month. 830
delegates from more than one hundred conferences in Eu-
rope. Asia. Africa and North and South America compose
this general conference; of these about thirty are notable
women of the church. The one hundredth anniversary of
this general conference will be observed.

Every morning a paper of large size will contain abso-
lutely verbatim reports of all the proceedings and all docu-
ments presented and adopted. A reporting staff of five re-
porters will furnish these verbatim reports. The Editor of
this department is in charge of the corps, assisted by two at
least of his former assistants. He will be reporting his
eleventh general conference. An article descriptive of the
reportorial work will appear in the July number, and probably
a photograph of the official reporting corps.

SHORTHAND REPORTERS TO MEET IN NEW
YORK, AUG. 26TH.

A congratulatory postal card from Louis E. Schrader,
Esq., the secretary of the National Shorthand Reporters'
Association to its Historian, William D. Bridge, says : "You
have won. Vote for Xew York 88: for Lexington, 72."
This means that the Annual Convention of this great
National Association of the Reporters of the land will lie
held in the Metropolis. Xew York, this Fall. This is oc-
casion for rejoicing by the local brotherhood: of con-
gratulations to all the members more or less remote on the
opportunity to come and see us and be our guests : and the
conferring of a great duty on the local membership to "do
it up brown" when the convention is at our doors. It will
be a difficult thing for Xew York to equal the masterful re-
ception which was given this Association by Boston years
ago under the marvellous leadership of the lamented Charles
Currier Bealc, never surpassed if equalled in the Conven-
tions since. But the men of this great center have the
means and we believe the purpose to make the convention
of 10.12 the greatest and grandest of all to the present time.
Spokane in the Northwest and Xew York in the East are
to be the splendid foci around which this year the Shorthand
Conventions will revolve. May the swing of the orbits be
glorious.

Is this as it should be? In a shorthand sell' ol near one of
our large cities, a father took his son to the school a
to the principal, I plan to keep this boy here just as long as
I can, provided you will keep him off the streets. I will
gladly pay all expenses, provided you will see to it that he
is held in by bit and bridle from "Street companions" of
doubtful character. I know he is lazy, slow to learn, and
if you can keep him two or three years, well and good.
A large fee was charged; the boy would'nt study, or could'nt,
and was a drag on the other pupils. But the father was

rich and influential, and the principal took the risk of the
injurious effect that young fellow might have on his com-
panions. And we happen to know that that chap remained
as a drag in that school more than two years, — mischievous,
lazy, money-spending, flirtatious, a general drawback on all
concerned. We think the principal made a very bad bargain.
What say you?

And in the same school was a little fellow, in short pants,
of feeble capacity. He too made the most trifling progress
during his first year, could not spell forty words in a
hundred in his spelling class correctly ; was unable to grasp
the commonest principles of shorthand instruction, and on
examination day wrote 23 out of 108 test words correctly.

But these two chaps PAID WELL! Paid the school large
money. But what a damage otherwise! Companionship
bad, example bad, personal habits bad, — their money pay-
ment s good.

Alas, alas, how many infant boys and infant girls are
today in the schools of shorthand whose only claim for
bi ing there is the good money their parents pay the scnools.
How greatly would be the moral and educational uplift of
our business and shorthand schools if there could be a
tremendous "winnowing" out of hundreds of noxious .mat-
erial in them! Witness the incompetents by the hundreds in
our large cities hoping to be so fortunate as to get any
kind of a job.

TRACHOMA JOLTS REPORTERS.

Remarks of Expert Bring Despair to Congress' Stenog-
raphers.

Washington. April 8. — Dr. Joseph Kindred, of Long Island
City, founder ol' the River Crest Sanatorium, of Xew York,
and a recognized authority on nervous and mental diseases,
made a medical clinic of the House of Representatives to-day
and caused the official reporters to experience a terrible half
hour.

Trachoma, a disease of the eyes which leads to blindness
if not arrested in the early stages, was Dr. Kindred's subject.
Tin Indian Appropriation lull was under consideration, and
the Doctor found the opportunity he has been waiting for
to make a hit in public life, because Indians suffer greatly
from trachoma, and the bill carried tin appropriation for a
trachoma hospital in the Indian region of Oklahoma.

In the absence of a real pain in upon whom to experiment,
Dr. Kindred had an artificial eye and lots of diagrams and
illustrations, which showed all sorts of queer things greatly
enlarged. He had these on .1 big easel before the Speaker's
rostrum, and lie officiated with a long pointer.

"The obloideritisseron of tin conjunctiva, which is remotely
similar to castasthpinesta albina, a disease of the posterior
aqueous chamber and the vitreous humor, and li
. f the ciliary muscle, is of vital importance in a consideration
of the sclerosis ,.f the retina", said the Doctor. At least, it
led something like that.

The official reporters almi 51 tore their hair in despair of
taking it down. At length Dr. Kindred was given unanimous
"to extend his remark-, in the Record", in order to
-how that trachoma hospitals should be isolated.

Don't say "I forgot:" this word does not appear in the
business man's vocabulary: make notes until you can abso-
lute 1 v rekuponvourmemory.

»>#♦♦*

Slj? IBuatttPsa Journal

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lllt'liH jll JIIIIIH

(M.1UIUI, (SMtur. ^

INTRODUCTORY COURSE.
By J. J. Bailey.

The instructions given in the last issue of The Business
Journal should be borne in mind in practising the writing in
the plates given this month. It must be remembered that this
is a course in rapid, free-arm writing, and that there is no
place for finger action or a slow rate of speed. The course
is specially adapted to the needs of the bookkeeper and cor-
respondent.

Before beginning the letters in any given plate, several min-
utes should be devoted to movement drill work. Practise at
least one hour every day. Lay your work to one side, and
compare it at the end of the month with what you did before.

THE WORK FOR MAY.

Week Of May
Week of May
Week of May
Week of Mai

Week of May-
Week of May-
Week of May
Week of May

I \ i km no . tory Course.

(i: Plates 1, 2. :).

If: Plates 4. .".. 6.

(I: Plates 7. 8, !».

7: Plates 10. 11, 12. 1

Intermediate Course.

Plate 23.
Plate 24.
Plate 35.
Plate 2(1.

^Ayi^lsLsUL/.

Plate 1: Pause for a moment at the top of tue le.ter r. Write an entire pafee of each line, liet a strong gliding

motion of the hand, and let the pen move across the paper rapidly

Plate 2: Curve the down stroke of the s quite fully. I'.e careful not to get the letter too narrow Write an
entire page of the top line and of each word in the p'ate.

Plate 3 : Devote considerable time to the straight line exercise before taking up the lower loop letters. Make
,iu entire page of each line and of e;ic'' word Endeavor to make all the loops the ~ame length, and do not let them
go more than half the distance to :' line ' low.

1 I

(EI|p iBusuirua Journal

Plate 4: Notice particularly that the o and c begin with the same stroke. Be careful that the left side of the c
does not curve too much. Write each letter as rapidly as you can.

Plate 5 : A review on indirect ovals to prepare for the indirect capital letters. Watch that the strokes are reg-
ularly made, get a light touch, and carefully compare your product work with that found in the plate. Make several
pages of the movement drills, and at least one page of each word in Plate 5.

OOO^lll 1.1:1 fy%Jz3q_ %M %ll

Plate 6: This plate is but a continuation of the exercises given in Plate 5. The sentence at the bottom of the plate
mav be used as a movement drill, and should be written at least one thousand times.

2 1111 ±1 3L2L %... % % 1L3k3t

Plate 7: Observe very carefully that all the strokes in this capital are curved. It is very difficult to notice the
curve in all of them, but effort should be made to make them round. Make at least one page of each word.

ooo ooDo o ooof / //// iMmm

Plate 8: The preliminary movement drills in this plate will assist very materially in making the letters that are
to follow. The exercise in Line 1 is specially valuable and much time should be devoted !■> it. Be sure to compare your
work carefully with the \\"rk in the plate.

^■Tle/m 5^

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Elje SuatttPSH Journal

Plate 9: The exercises given in Plate 8, if thoroughly mastered, will tit the learner for the letters and wo
Plate 9, so that he should have very little trouble in writing the words easily and rapidly. Make an entire page of each
word. It would be well to divide the line into fourths, so that the work will be regularly arranged.

0 000 ±£. £...£. «2 £ JZ fi JZ £ £ -z.. .*.

Plate 10: We now come to quite a difficult letter to execute, althnif*" '■' •■ one not u« ' \ ■•-• f'e-i v iticp that
both the down strokes are well curved. Practice it a great deal, for it' will help to get a free and easy action of the
hand. I

0 O @0 p p. f. p _

Plate 11: If Plate 10 has been mastered, Plate 11 will be easy. The letter given in this plate is not used frequently
in business, but it is a very graceful letter and well worth careful study and practice.

Plate 12: Unlike the letters given in the last two plates, this one occurs very frequently. Study carefully its
height and width. The sentence in the last line is an appeal to everyone to work hard and become efficient.

vooo o

OSOOO .

Plate 13: Before beginning practice on this plate, return to Plate 5 and practise the large indirect oval| The let-
ters given in this plate are not very easily made. The first stroke is comparatively easy, because it occurs in all the
capital letters given so far. The second stroke is very difficult to make in each. In the // it is well curved. In the K
it is well curved also, but care must be taken that the curve of the first stroke is in the right direction. It will assist
the learner in getting the correct idea of the second part of the K if he will remember that it is made like a brace .( \

• *
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ADVANCED COURSE.

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By E. C. MILLS.
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FIFTEENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE
EASTERN COMMERCIAL TEACHERS-
ASSOCIATION.
April 4, 5 and 6, 1912. State Capitol Building,
Albany, N. Y.

Thursday Afternoon.
HE Fifteenth Annual Convention of the E. C. T.

A. is new a matter of record. "A most success-
ful meeting," "Splendid Program," "I am glad I
came," were to be heard on every hand during
the progress of the meeting. They who neg-
lected to avail themselves of the opportunity have good cause
to regret their not being in attendance. It would have glad-
dened the heart of a pessimist to haw seen the happy, smil-
ing faces that ahounded in the lobby of Hotel Ten Eyck.

After spending Thursday forenoon in viewing the many
points of interest in Albany, the members directed their steps
to the Capitol Building to inspect the exhibit of penmanship
specimens and office appliances.

A more earnest spirit to acquire knowledge that would aid
in the performance of one's duties could not be found than
that which pervaded the Assembly Chamber, where almost
three hundred men and women had congregated. The air of
levity which had marked the faces of the members but a
short time prior had been replaced by an aspect of serious-
ness. Promptly at 2 :30 p. m. the gavel resounded, and Presi-
dent Althouse called the meeting to order. The visitors were
welcomed to Albany by Corporation Counsel Andrews, who
said in part :

"Mr. President and members of the Eastern Commercial
Teachers' Association :

The Mayor of the city ha- delegated to me the plea-ant
duty on his behalf and on behalf of the city administration of
welcoming you to the city.

You are identified with various institutions which have for
their object the education of the youth so that they may till
positions in the business world with profit to themselves and
those who may employ them.

The value of every kind of education is too well recog-
nized to need argument. The value of the specific education
which your institutions impart is being more and more ad-
mitted by business and professional men.

There is no place for your gathering where you will find
more congenial surroundings. You are in an educational
atmosphere. This beautiful building, so admirably adapted
for its purpo-cs. the magnificent Educational Building, now
Hearing completion, the new high school, to be erected upon
the upper part of this square at an expense of $300,000,
work upon which has just been begun, together with de-
partments of law, medicine and pharmacy of Union Uni-
versity, our many public and private schools all show the
place which education occupies in the minds of our people.
I bid you a heart] welcome and trust that your stay here
ma\ be not only profitable but plea-ant"

The annual address of the President, abstracts of which

appear in this number, was received with much applause, as all

present knew that when C. 0. Althouse deliver- an address

he ;m'S one much food for thought and reflection.

"The Real Meaning of Business English" was handled

close of the address a live minute informal discussion was
held. The speakers were all agreed that the stereotyped
phrases so prevalent in business letters should be eliminated. .
but that courtesy should not be sacrificed. Mr. Wiener, of
Newark, gave a short, interesting account of a visit he had
made to a school in Budapest, Hungary. He stated he was
amazed to see the progress the students of from 12 to 14
years of age had made in mastering the English language,
and the ability they showed in describing an object.

The President announced the personnel of the standing
committees :

Nominations: K. G Laird. H. I.. Jacobs, L. A. Waugh, W.
G Thompson, G. P. Eckels. Alice M. Wood, Emma B.
Dearborn.

Membership: D. A. Casey, A. J. Meredith, C. O. Weeks.
R. O. Cook, C. C. Hughes

Resolutions: J. E. Gill, W. B. Sherman, F. G. Dietrick,
Grace Gill.

A committee consisting of X. B. Stone, S. C. Williams
and E. M. Hull was appointed to investigate statements which
had been made relative to the report of the 1911 convention.

Thursday Evening.
W. X. Ferris, of the l-'erris Institute, Big Rapids, Mich.,
delivered an address on •'Democracy and Education," at the
Assembly Chamber on Thursday evening which is of in-
terest to every commercial teacher in the country, and in the
next issue of The Journal will appear full extracts from this
address.

Friday Forenoon.

A round table meeting for penmen was held Friday morn-
ing, Mr. Zaner presiding. A go. idly number were in attend-
ance and listened to an interchange of ideas by some of
those present.

The general topic for the forenoon session was "Teachers'
Training and the Pedagogy of Commercial Work." Papers
were read by the following :

A Suggested Course in Commercial Training for Teachers,
by A. J. Meredith.

New York as a Laboratory for the Commercial Teacher and
for the Commercial Student, by E. J. Clapp.

Class Method vs. Individual Instruction in the Teaching of
Bookkeeping in Business Schools, by G. A. Deel.

Methods of Teaching Typewriting, by Madeline Kinnan.

The Management of a Shorthand Department in a Business
School, by H. L. Jacobs.

Extracts from these addresses will appear in The Journal.

At the close of the forenoon session members of the As-
sociation were honored by being received by Governor Dix
of New York. The Governor gave a short talk, reminding
his hearers that theirs was one of the highest and most noble
callings in the land, and that the business man of to-day fully
recognizes the great work they are accomplishing.

A group picture was made of the members while assembled
on the steps of the Capitol Building.

Friday Afternoon.

Dr. Draper, Commissioner of Education of the State of

New York, was extended the courtesies of the meeting, and

spoke for a few moments. He stated he realized the beneficial

results commercial teachers were accomplishing, and felt that

SJlf? iBufltrtfaa itournal

taking a position in the business world would have more
knowledge of what was required of them.

An address on "Investments and Securities for Salaried
People " was delivered by M. H. Smart of Philadelphia.

The topics for the afternoon were the night school and pen-
manship. The following papers were read :

How to Obtain and Hold Night School Pupils, by M. F.
Stauffer.

The Night School Problem, by Win. Wiener.

Shorthand Penmanship, by L. P. Temple. As Mr. Temple
could not be present, his paper was read by E. H. Eldridge.

The Teaching of Penmanship in the Public Schools, by
Harry Houston.

The Teaching of Business Writing, by S. G. Jeffrey.

A short discussion was held, the point being made that
the teacher must adopt different methods in handling the
night school student, as he comes to school after a day's
work and it is, therefore, more difficult to keep his interest
aroused.

E. E. Gaylord, of Beverly, Mass., informed the members of
the various routes that could be utilized in going to the
Spokane convention, and urged as many as possible to make
the trip for the sake of pleasure, as well as the profit that
would be attained by attending the meeting.
Friday Evening.

It was indeed a happy crowd that wended its way to the
ballroom of Hotel Ten Eyck on Friday evening for the an-
nual banquet. For the time being cares were thrust aside
and the hours from eight to twelve o'clock sped very quickly,
as one is unconscious of time when he is enjoying a well-
prepared menu and listening to excellent after-dinner
speeches. J. E. Fuller, of Wilmington, fulfilled the duties of
toastmaster in an admirable manner, and his merry jests at
the expense of some of the members were thoroughly en-
joyed.

The principal address of the evening was delivered by
Dr. Charles A. Richmond, Chancellor of Union University,
who said in part :

"The whole trouble with our modern life is that we are
putting emphasis upon things rather than upon men— auto-
mobiles, big houses, fine clothes, expensive living and the rest.
We clamor for them, and we scramble over one another to
get them. The fight is getting fiercer and more merciless all
the time, and God knows where it will end. The remedy will
not be found in any superficial economic cure-all, such as so-
cialism or collective ownership. Dogs will still quarrel over
the bones.

" The hope of the future lies in teaching men to look upon
human life as a chance to express the spirit and not to indulge
the flesh; and the new and higher womanhood will be its
mark. The real privilege of our progression is that we can
give our time and energy to this high enterprise.

" The business of every teacher is to make useful men and
women. Every man. when he takes inventory, should ask
himself three questions: First, of what use am I to my em-
ployer? Every man is a hired man, whether he has one
boss, like the laborer, or whether he has several thousand,
like the minister, or the college president, or the political
boss himself, who is said to be everybody's hired man. Use
employer determine your wages, paid in money or in
something else.

"Second, 'of what use am I to myself?' Many who have

squandered their opportunities have- asked themselves this

idly. Many more, especially of that

class .ailed by industry, hands, and whose opportunities are

limited, ask themselves the same question somewhat

bitterly.

" Third, 'of what use am I to society?' And to answer this

the disabled man and care for him with tender hands in our
hospitals and homes : but the able bodied useless man finds bis
way into the ash barrel along with other rubbish. Any really
useful man is useful in all these ways. He will be useful
to the man. or the cause in whose interest he works: he will
be useful to himself and he will be useful to society. When-
ever we speak of education we must keep this higher utility
well in mind. May 1 remind you that this is the day which
the whole Christian world celebrates as the anniversary of the

the test of the

man and the test of his educate

C. O. Althouse, President E. C. T. A. 1912.

Crucifixion. We call Jesus the world's greatest teacher: we
also call Him the world's savior.

" Let me say to you, every true teacher is also a savior.
If he is not, he is, in so far, a failure. The Great Teacher
showed man how to find himself; this is the business of every
teacher worthy the name. Confine the horizon of your teach-
ing to commerce, and you will become commercial teachers
indeed. Dangle a $10 a week job before the eyes of your
boy, as the goal of his endeavor and you will make for all
time a $10 a week boy."

J. H. Perkins, president of the Xational Commercial Bank,
Albany, spoke of the importance of employes possessing good
characters, and broadening their minds so as to be con-
versant with the requirements demanded of the various de-
partments in a modern business office.

Dr. Harlow S. Person, of Dartmouth College, confined his
address to the importance of detail, and the necessity of the
student having an ideal in life.

Rev. Jos. A. Jones, of the Madison Avenue Reformed
Church, Albany, termed teachers co-laborers with the Creator,
in that it rests with them to develop a spirit oi trustworthi-
ness in those under their charge. He stated if we are to pre-
serve our posterity and our supremacy as a nation it is nee
es~ar\ that we inculcate the youth of the land with an essence
of loyalty.

Saturday Forenoon.

Tlie topics fur Saturday's session were Specialized Com-
mercial Work, and Commercial Teaching from the Business
Man's Point of View. Addresses were delivered by the fol-
lowing :

Rapid Calculation, by J, C Kane.

The Teaching of Bookkeeping in the High School, by J.

^mik^Y) s+

GJtj? ^BuButPHH Journal

III

Tlie Teaching of Raw Materials of Commerce, by W. P.

Raine.

The Training of Office Help from the Employer's Point of
View, by W. F. Story.

Business Efficiency as Applied to Business Training, bj
H. S. Pace.

The business meeting was held immediately after the final
address had been delivered.

The Secretary's report of the last convention was read,
and motion adopted that it be received and filed.

The Treasurer's report showed 264 had registered at the
1912 convention. Some discussion was held as to the advisa-
bility of raising the membership fee in order that the Asso-
ciation might secure funds to print a more complete report
of the conventions, but no action was taken in the matter.

The Membership Committee reported that 96 names had
been submitted for membership, and motion prevailed that
they be elected to membership.

The Executive Committee reported that Atlantic City, N.
J., had been selected as the convention city for 1913.

The Nominating Committee submitted the names of the
following to serve as officers for the year 1912-1913: Presi-
dent, E. H. Eldridge; 1st Vice-President, H. W. Patten; 2nd
Vice-President, Mrs. \V. J. Trainer: 3rd Vice-President,
R. E. Clemens; Treasurer, L. B. Mathias; Asst. Treasurer,
Mrs. L. B. Mathias, Executive Board, E. H. Fisher and W.
E. Batholomew. Secretary Lakey's term does not expire
until next year.

The committee which was appointed to revise the consti-
tution and by-laws of the Association submitted its report,
and the members of the Association will be notified of the
various changes that were made.

The Investigating Committee reported they had made a
thorough digest of the matter submitted to them, and found
the Press Committee had not been negligent in the perform-
ance of their duty, excepting that mention should have been
made in the report of the last convention of the penmanship
exhibit. Motion was then adopted that if a report of the
Albany convention is printed due mention shall be made
therein of the Bridgeport exhibit.

The Committee on Resolutions presented the following re-
port:

" Resolved, that we, the members of the Eastern Commer-
cial Teachers' Association, in convention assembled at Albany.
X. V., April -1-6, hereby express our obligations and sincere
thanks to all those who, by their courtesy and untiring energy,
contributed to make this a helpful and inspiring meeting.
Particularly do we wish to thank the Governor of this great
commonwealth and the State authorities for the use of the
Assembly Chamber, the press of Albany, the banquet com-
mittee and speakers, and the committee on penmanship.

" That our profound fraternal sympathy be extended to
the relatives and friends of our late members, G. W. Bird.
E. S. Colton and T. P. McMenamin."

President Althouse introduced the newly elected president,
and bespoke for him the support of all the members of the
Association.

Adjourned.

DISPLAY OF BOOKS AND DEVICES.
At the Albany Convention.
The room containing the exhibits of the various type-
writer companies, publishing houses and office appliance firms
was the center of attraction during the intervals between
sessions in the Assembly Chamber. A very tasteful display
had been prepared of the Remington, Monarch, Smith-
Premier, Underwood. Hammond and L. C. Smith type-
writers. Burroughs Adding Machine, American Multigraph,
Erbe Filing System and text books of interest to

the commercial teacher from the American Book Co., Gregg
Publishing Co., Ellis Publishing Co., Zaner & Bloser and
Jas. S. Curry- Joseph Dixon Crucible Co. distributed sam-
ples of their pencils and an interesting booklet "Pencil Geog-
raphy,'' which describes how the Dixon pencil is made. G.
P. Putnam's Sons also distributed tracts concerning text-
books.

PENMANSHIP EXHIBIT.

Albany Convention.

The committee having in charge the gathering of speci-
mens of penmanship from schools was successful in securing
a collection that proved interesting to the teachers. Speci-
mens were on exhibition from the follow-ing :

Strayer's Business College, Philadelphia.

Central Business College, Syracuse, X. V.

Albany Business College. Albany, X. Y.

Rider-Moore & Stewart School, Trenton, X. J.

Meadville, Pa., Commercial College.

Heffley Institute, Brooklyn, X. Y.

Goldey Commercial College, Wilmington, Del

Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Peirce School, Philadelphia, Pa.

Sadler's Business College, Baltimore, Md.

E. H. Eldridge. President E. C. T. A. 1913.

Walworth Institute, Xew York City.

Camp School, X'ew Britain, Conn.

Northwest School, Hartford, Conn.

High School of Commerce. Boston, Mass.

State Xormal, Kearney, Xebr.

Pittsburg, Pa., Commercial High School.

High School of Commerce & Finance, Toronto, Can.

Washington, D. C, Business High School.

High School of Commerce. Xew York City.

High Schools, Meriden. Conn. ; Everett, Mass : Hartford,
Conn. ; Watenown. X. Y.

Public Schools, Xew Britain, Conn.; Bridgeport, Conn.;
Boyne City, Mich.: Xew Haven, Conn.: Beverly, Mass.;
Schenectady. X. Y. ; East Orange, X. J. : Xewark, X. J. ; La-
Fayette, Ind.; Danbury, Conn.; Brockton, Mass.

In addition, there were specimens from fifty-four different
parochial schools located in various cities of the United
States and Canada.

■

ulljr IBuainwa 3ountal

RESPONSE TO ADDRESS OF WELCOME.
By E. H. Fisher.

As a member of the Executive Committee, and in behalf
of the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association, whom we
this day have the honor to represent, we wish to thank you
you as honored citizens of a great State and a notedcity.
for the very cordial welcome that you have given us by word
of mouth, and the most gracious reception that we have re-
ceived from the hands of your citizens from the first moment
that we entered " the gates of your city."

We feel highly honored in being invited here as the guests
of your citizens— for the privilege of meeting you face to
face, and in knowing you as a people, and the work that
you are accomplishing as citizens of the capital city of a noted
State in a great nation; and in behalf of this representative
body of commercial educators we bring you our greetings of
good-will and fellowship. We bring to you the best that we
have in our profession, the cumulative knowledge of a body
of business men and women who are banded together for
the general good of commercial education — that particular
form of training which in the past sixty years has wielded
such an influence on the National thought that it has changed
the whole process and scheme of education more than all
other influences put together — an education that is becoming
the warp and the woof of our commercial life to-day — an
education that along with our strong influences is making this
"the nation of all nations" and "in the eyes of all the
world."

We have not forgotten the many calls that came to us in
the past saying " Come to Albany." We have not forgotten
that for a long time we failed to respond to those solicita-
tions and entreaties to come, but as the calls continued to
beckon us on, and with the added assurance and sincerity that
accompanied them, we at last could not longer withstand your
persuasive ways (we were not in the habit of being looked
after so thoroughly and so scientifically), so, we decided to
come and to partake of your hospitality and of your gracious-
ness, and to-day we find ourselves in your midst, feeling that
added assurance, that your solicitations were of a deep and
genuine nature, for on every hand we have noticed the kindly
solicitude of your citizens, and the splendid welcome that has
been accorded us as your guests — we have been made to feel
that we are your brothers and sisters.

The citizens of Albany may well fed proud of the capital
-ity of the "Empire State."' situated as it is on the very
threshold of one of the richest farming and agricultural terri-
tories of the world, located within two hundred miles of at
least one-third of the population of the ynited States — a
city that is the gate-way between the great manufacturing cen-
tres of the Fast, and the rich farming and agricultural
districts of the West and Xorth— a city that is able to boast
of a State Capitol, famous the world over for its architectural
splendor, erected at a cost of more than twenty-five million
dollars, and rivaling in beauty of architecture some of the
in< t structures of the world— a city which has a State Edu-
cational Building in process of construction which, when
completed, will have few, if any. equals of its kind in this
or .nix other country— a building that in architectural beauty,
simplicity and plainness of design rivals some of the more
noted buildings of ancient Greece and Rome.

A city, the proud possessor of a State Normal School which
for beauty and design has few if any equals in any of the
States of the Union— a building not only beautiful in its archi-
tectural splendor but enhanced by its perfect equipment and
the grand work that' is being accomplished within its walls-
Albany— an educational centre with magnificent public schools,
public buildings, large manufacturing interests, and mercantile
buildings, galore; a city of a hundred thousand souls or more

Briefly, you have here in Albany enough of the good things
of life so that your inhabitants may not feel that they are in
any way deprived of any of the opportunities that brighten,
enrich, and ennoble the lives of a growing and prosperous
people.

May the choicest blessings that come to those whose lives
are spent in doing good, and in working for others, be lavished
upon you — the people of Albany who have added so much
to the pleasure of the sojourners within your borders — the
members of the E. C. T. A.

which, we believe, cannot be duplicated in work
results attained

NEW YORK AS A LABORATORY FOR THE COM-
MERCIAL TEACHER AND THE COMMER-
CIAL STUDENT.

Abstract of Address Delivered at the Albany Convention.

Dr. Clapp, Head of the Department of Trade and Trans-
portaton in the New York University School of Commerce,
Accounts and Finance, emphasized the fact that the various
commercial subjects taught in the universities, such as cor-
poration, finance and transportation, are becoming real
sciences. In the universities they must be taught as sciences,
that is. their principles must be taught; but at the same time
it is necessary to keep in close touch with business practice.
He said that there were two ways to acquire familiarity with
the working of the business machine. First, it is possible to
work in a factory or an office during the daytime and at
night take evening courses at the School of Commerce. But
this is a severe drain upon the ordinary student and does not
leave him time for study. Also, the business experience that
he gets is likely to be of a very circumscribed sort. A better
way for the student to become familiar with a business is
to make visits of inspection at factories, railroad terminals,
etc.

Dr. Clapp then described the opportunities for such labor-
atory work in commercial science in New York, as is in
practice at the Xew York University School of Commerce,
Accounts and Finance. In the class in Business Organization,
various manufacturing concerns in Xew York loft buildings,
and also the more extensive factory layouts in Brooklyn and
Jersey are inspected. The class in Trade views the various
technical operations in handling grain at the Port oi New
York, from the time when it arrives by railroad car to the
time when it is delivered by lighter alongside of the ship
which exports it. The handling of cotton and anthracite coal
is similarly inspected.

The class in Transportation visits the Jersey terminal of
one of the Jersey roads and inspects also one of its railroad
piers on (lie west shore of Manhattan. Detailed study is

given to the models and plans of the Commissioner of Docks

and berries, who wants to transfer these water-front terminal
operations of the railroads to freight stations which they are
to acquire on the East Side of West Street, and which they
are to reach by means of an elevated marginal freight rail
way constructed by the city, lie calculates that this will sel
free, for the use of the crowded steamships, a large number
of railroad piers now utilized as floating freight yards.

finally. Dr. Clapp discussed the plans for a new course
for next fall. "The Business of Government." It is to be a
study of the activities of the City of Xew York, considered
as a public corporation, just as the business of a private cor
poration would be studied in detail. In addition to a minute
study of the organization and operation of the various City
Departments, the course will include visits ,,f inspection to
all of the leading municipal enterprises, especially those of a
commercial nature.

The address was an interesting exposition of the Oppor-
tunities offered in New York to the student or teacher who

accomplished,

to pursue a higher commercial education and wlic

^mik™ s+

*%♦%■*%%■<
««»%%««<

ahr Uuautrss Journal

ABSTRACT OF PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
By C. O. Althouse.
"We arc in a time of advancing standards in education.
The whole problem of education for business is not confined
to a limited preparatory education supplemented by training
in a single branch of accomplishment, but it is a period which
is asking larger and fuller knowledge on the part of the
young women or the young men who go to lit in and carry
on the work. It is the time for sanity in method and a re-
gard for the well-being of the subject. Unscrupulousness
has no place in the field of education. Men who capitalize
and exploit it simply as a means of commercial enterprise
are as much a part of the days of buccaneering and privateer-
ing as were those who scuttled the ship and weighed anchor
upon the Spanish main. It is no tune for private school in-
u rests to run counter to the public high school of commerce.
It is the opportune time for a joining of forces that each
legitimately may serve its field. If what you teach meets
the needs of the business public, you will find ample to en-
gage your attention in equipping the army of young men
and women who need preparation in your community.
Growth in public education invariably inures to the benefit of
private enterprise. That the body of teachers and school
proprietors would and should heartily disapprove the action
of the private business school which recently sent to the
students in the commercial high school of its city a letter
stating that supplementary to the work in the public schools
the) would offer Saturday morning courses free in shorthand
and typewriting that it would enable the pupils to decide
wisel) whether to attend business school or high school—
and then this pernicious paragraph, "If the pupil is in at-
tendance at high school, this is an excellent opportunity for
investigation. A little consideration new and experimenting
ma) save considerable time. It will require no sacrifice of
other studies, and yet will save considerable time, if the
decision favors business school." Are we to welcome into
our ranks and to encourage those who be members to pros-
Stituting the ideals of full and thorough education by such
tactics? I can do no better than quote from a letter received
in this connection from a man respected by you all, and one
who stands for the highest in the ethics of the profession
who states: "I feel that not only are you justified in pre-
senting this matter, but that it ought to be referred to your
Committee on Resolutions and have a pointed and unmis-
takable declaration of the Association in disapproval." We
should feel so keenly upon the matter of our collective in-
tegrity as not to permit or countenance such procedure.

"Among other conditions confronting us to-day is the
necessity more and more to regard our calling with greater
accurate consideration. Teaching and the acquisition of
learning is not a haphazard or go-as-you-please matter. For
too great a time have we regarded the formal type of train-
ing, non in the commercial field, as possessed of too great
inherent virtue. We must conic, as does tin- business ex-
pert, to a consideration of modern methods, not losing sight

of the g 1 in past practice, however, and learn to apply

it. thus eliminating much of the element of waste in educa-
tion ( Kirs must be the spirit of another conspicuous leader
in the life of Asia Minor, who holding fast that which was
good, pressed forward toward tin- mark. The leader to-
day in the field of education in training for the many ex-
acting demands of commercial life is as much a creative
genius as he is a conserver of the good in traditional educa-
tion. I cannot emphasize this in more striking fashion than
to quote from the result of the "Efficiency Conferences" held
in the Washington Irving High School in New York City
during the latter part of last year: 'As teachers we need to
know and to use the courses by which mankind is awakened :
encouragement, inspiration, suggestion, belief, exhortation.

compliments, recognition and praise. The negative corrective
forces have been used too much. . . . Teachers must not
let the majority of classes grow familiar with failure. Fail-
ures must be minimized, successes increased.' \gain, in
adapting ourselves, it is our business to awaken the mental
power of the student and direct it; and it is the teacher's
task to make the work fit. and that it is our business to
know and to use all the influences preventative of failure
until we get the effective specific, or by the recently applied
'Rating Tests' of Superintendent Willison, of Allegheny Co.,
Md., in 'setting up' his teaching force and getting at a rais-
ing of the level of accomplishment among the pupils, all at-
testing to the value derived from the application of new
tests, and toward the elimination of much that is waste
effort in our work.

"As educational forces arc naturally conservative, and.
therefore, following the wake of great forward movements,
they none the less formulate ami preserve the best in these
movements and reduce them in principle to a science. We.
are. therefore, I take it, but on the threshold of what may
be expected in the next decade. The tendency of the race is
ever to go forward, so too the tendency in education."

THE EXAMINATION HUMBUG.

The affair called an Examination is perhaps the prize
humbug of the whole human show.

At school, after a few weeks' study and recitation, the
teacher gravely hands the student a printed list of questions,
to which answers arc 1" be written. Ill this way the teacher
is supposed to find out what the pupil knows.

In the first place, a teacher that can sit in the school-room
daily for weeks with a child and cannot learn the child's
capacity and know whether or not be is studious, ought to
go out and work on the farm.

In the second place, my abilit) to write down satisfactory
answers to ten questions i~ no ~ort of test of my knowledge
of a subject.

It is psychologically wrong. Many a person may have a
thorough command of a subject, and yet, when he gets his
pen in his hand, be unable to formally state it. A man may
be an excellent physician, with unerring instinct in diagnosis
and skill in treatment, and be paralyzed when he attemps to
formulate his knowledge into a dozen paragraphs. Literary
composition, the accurate expression of oik's ideas, is one
thing, and having ideas, and being able to USE them, is
quite another thing.

One of the most gifted writers ■ ■ 1 1 naval affairs is a naval
officer who was a dismal failure at running a ship. His
books are authorities, and they squeezed him out of the
service for Sheer incompetency. And many an old salt could
make a ship almost talk, maintain perfect discipline, and
carrj out the most intricate and dangerous manoeuvres who
could not for tin lite of him write a page of naval science.

There is only one waj to ascertain whether or not a man
is able to fill an) position and that is to try him and see.

That is the method of the business house. Their you will
find only one test. The head of the firm asks but one
question: "Can he make good?"

Any other test is sheer nonsense. There is but one thing
1 want to know of any one whom I hire for a certain place.
It is: "Can he do the business:" I don't care whether he
can write the answers to a list of questions or not. I don't
care if he is white or black, male or female, tonguetied, bow-
legged or freckle-faced. All I want to know is: "Can he do
the business"-"

I want to be the first to subscribe to the monument fund
for the benefactor of childhood who shall abolish examina-
ti us from schools.

By Dr. Frank Crank, in N, Y. Globe.

■

JEIjp SuainPHB Journal

THE REAL MEANING OF BUSINESS ENGLISH.
By G. R. Hotchkiss. M. A..

Assistant Professor of Business English in New York Uni-
versity School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance.
Read at the Albany Medina, April 4, 1912.

It is getting so that when a speaker mentions the word
"Efficiency" the audience dodges. I cannot avoid it, how-
ever, since my subject is "The Real Meaning of Business
English" and the real meaning of business English is efficient
English.

A little over two weeks ago the Efficiency Society was or-
ganized with an initial membership of about one thousand
persons drawn from various industries in all sections of the
country. Its purpose is to promote efficiency in every activity
of man. The first duty of the members at the organization
meeting was to adopt a constitution. They devoted practical-
ly the whole of the first morning session to the task and
spent the greater part of that time in re-wording the con-
stitution so as to make it an example of perfectly efficient
English. The result was a constitution shorter than any
other I have ever read and expressed in simple but unmis-
takable terms. It was absolutely clear and concise.

The members even went so far as to substitute the word
"buy" for the word "purchase", since both meant the same
thing and the former was shorter by five letters. You may-
smile at this, if you will, but it merely illustrates a present
day tendency among business men to secure the maximum
result with the minimum expenditure of effort.

There is perhaps no activity of man that demands the ap-
plication of efficiency principles more than this one of En-
glish expression. Paper and ink are so cheap, and publica-
tions of all kinds so numerous that he must be a sorry person
indeed who cannot get his ideas conveyed to others by the
written or even the printed word. The volume of paper
that is daily wasted in unread newspapers, magazines, books,
circulars, and letters, say nothing of that which is read
to no profit, is past all computation.

Twenty centuries ago expression had to be efficient. Those
were the days of the papyrus and the hand-written manu-
script. Only the rich wrote letters and a book was worth
a fortune. Caesar and Tacitus then wrote their marvelously
concise and clear chronicles; poets then throve. Without
doubt, the decline of poetry to-day is due partly to the cheap-
ness of books. Who would pay a dollar for a few pages of
verse when he can get five hundred in the latest novel for
the same price?

It would be interesting, if time permitted, to trace the his-
tory of expression with reference to its efficiency. But we
are primarily concerned with the Business English of to-day.
1 shall, therefore, mention but one more point about its past.
A hundred years .1140, and even less, the cost of sending a
letter Or other business communication was so great that the
number of them was comparatively small, and each was a
mattei ■>! some importance, to receiver as well as to sender.
There was, therefore, little necessity that the letter should he
concise. The opposite, indeed, was often desirable.

Business intercourse, moreover, was conducted with no
little punctiliousness and ceremony. There was a good reason
for beginning, "I beg to acknowdedge the receipt of your
esteemed favor of the 17th ult. and have given the same care-
ful attention", and ending, "your humble and obedient ser-
vant". There was equal reason, perhaps, for avoiding the
manual labor of writing some of the more common words,
by abbreviating them.

flu mere fact that our grandfathers found this style of
business English efficient does not prove that it is so to-
day. And if it is not efficient there should be 110 hesitancy
in discarding whatever remains of it. What we want is En-

glish expression that is efficient now — that produces the max-
imum results witli the minimum of waste efforts.

We who are gathered here are all vitally interested in mak-
ing English more efficient; we are interested in seeing that
our students use it more efficiently. We are interested in
this perhaps even more than in the efficiency of Bookkeeping,
Commercial Arithmetic, Penmanship or Stenography, for En-
glish constitutes the backbone of useful commercial knowl-
edge.

for that matter, English Composition is about one-half of
education. As Stevenson puts it, "the problem of education
is two- fold; first to know, and then to utter". I am some-
times tempted to believe, as I presume all English teachers
are, that the difficulty of utterance is much more common
than the difficulty of knowing. I am certain that the man
who knows but cannot utter is at a far greater disadvantage
than the man who utters but does not know.

This is not to praise the art of bluffing, although we see
instances of its success every day of our lives. My inten-
tion is merely to make clear my conviction that in all com-
mercial education the problem of utterance should receive
sufficient attention and that our purpose should be to make
utterance more efficient.

The questions then arise: how shall we teach students to
write more efficient English, and what shall be the functions
of the secondary school and of the university in the process?
In answering these questions I shall consider chiefly the sub-
ject of business correspondence, since it is here that business
English is chiefly exemplified.

Of the two requirements of efficiency — minimum effort and
maximum effect — the first may be disposed of easily. The
cost of materials and transportation is very small. It is
estimated that the average business letter represents to the
sender a cost of between twenty and fifty cents. Of this pos-
sibly a fifth is in stamps and stationery. The remainder is
in time. To the receiver the total cost is in time.

Obviously, English, to be efficient, must conserve time. It
must be concise. The writer may well follow the advice of
a certain newspaper editor: "Express your ideas clearly;
then revise as if each word cost you ten dollars."

In many lines of endeavor, efficiency means standardized
operations and standardized materials. If this were so in
the case of English expression, we should have certain set
phrases to express every idea. We should have well-defined
formulas.

As a matter of fact, a large proportion of business corres-
pondence to-day is made up of set phrases and formulas, —
"Yours of the third inst.", "I beg to state", "Enclosed please
find", "Attention to same", "Awaiting your further favors",
"Trusting to receive". "We beg to remain". We see letters
containing these expressions every day. In many places
students are taught to use them and indeed regard them as
one of the most essential parts, if not the most essential

pari, of business correspondence.

X^w there are some advantages in using these standardi/cd
forms. They require little mental effort on the part of the
writer or the reader. In so far, they serve the interests of
efficiency.

But there are Other sides to the question, In the first place,

they are practical!) unnecessary formulas: thus thej waste
the time of the writer and the stenographer. In the second
place, they are meaningless expressions which tend to cloud

the thought rather than to illuminate it: thus they waste the
valuable time of the reader. In the third place, — and lliis
is more important — in the large number of cases they impair
if ii"l destroy the effectiveness of a letter. They make max
iinum effect impossible.

It must not be forgotten that a letter is a personal com-
munication, which takes the place of a personal conversation.

* % ♦ % • ♦ % *

Qlljr Suain?aa ilaurnal

vi r

So far as possible, therefore, the letter should have person-
ality. In personal talks with men we do not all use the same
formula- of expression. Those who do rely upon a limited
vocabulary to express all their ideas — usually a vocabulary
consisting of slang, a counterfeit coin which enjoys only
a brief period of currency — belong to the less educated classes.
Why should business men and students who expect to be bus-
iness men rely upon set formulae of expressions to convey
their ideas. The inevitable effect is to destroy individuality.

Often there is a more serious and far-reaching effect.
"Style is the man himself", and he who adopts a mechanical
style is likely to find himself thinking mechanically. He
loses elasticity, the capacity for initiative, and finds himself
fitted only to perform routine tasks.

Xor is this mere theory. Our own experience proves it.
So, too, do statistics. Every mail-order house of any im-
portance and many other business concerns are constantly
testing their letters by their percentage of results. They in-
variably find that it is the letter that is original and individual
that produces results, not the letter that is full of stereo-
typed phrases.

Xo, 1 believe in the greatest possible standardization of all
matters that relate to the purely mechanical side of the let-
ter. I believe in the standard size of paper, standard styles
of address and salutation, and I am inclined to agree with
Uncle Sam that the best place for the stamp is on the upper
right hand corner of the envelope, though I understand that
young lovers sometimes convey messages by placing the
stamp elsewhere. I believe too that there are advantages
in stating outside the body of the letter the subject or the
reason for sending it. This can be in the form of a type-
written line across the top of the letter. There I stop. The
body of the letter containing, the communication should be as
individual and personal as possible.

Where the message is purely routine, such as an order, an
inquiry, or the like, it is, of course, impossible and unneces-
sar\ lo have great distinctiveness. Here the only requirement
is that the message shall be absolutely clear and that it shall
be cut to the marrow. In all other cases standardized forms
should be avoided or the letter cannot have its maximum
effectiveness.

Even in the routine messages there is no excuse for the
old, stilted expressions, "beg to", "esteemed favor", and the
like. Courtesy is desirable, but this is a different matter
from the excessive politeness and punctiliousness of our
grandfathers. If we must have standardized forms, let them
be adapted to the needs of to-day. And above all, let them
lie chosen by the individual — not learned by rote.

It is not easy to break away absolutely from the rote
method of teaching. We teachers are habitually conservative ;
we abide by traditions. And it is right that we should be
guided by precedent rather than by the impulse of the mo-
ment. Better the dignity of the old style models than the
crude sensationalism of present day advertisements.

The student, too, usually prefers the rote method. He pre-
fers to learn that this method of expression is right and
that wrong. It confuses him to be told that in expression
there is no absolutely right and absolutely wrong: it is
chiefly a matter of better and worse. He like- to have
models for imitation, and it is not hard for him to learn
to reproduce them creditably.

Hut the Student cannot learn efficient English by memor-
izing phrases and imitating models. He must find out the
qualities that distinguish effective English, and the principles
that are used to produce them. These should be his guides.

They are the only good guides in any art. The superiority
of the Greek drama over the Roman is due largely to the
fact that the former followed principles, while the latter
obeyed rules and imitated their masters slavishly.

In teaching Business English we should aim to teach
students what qualities distinguish good Business English,
and what principles should be observed to obtain them. These
qualities and principles may be illustrated by examples, but
the examples should not be held up as models' for imitation.
If we use this method, we shall be likely to send out grad-
uates whose English expression is efficient in that it is clear,
concise and individual.

The question now remains, what shall be the relation of
the secondary school and the university toward the teaching pf
tin- kind of Business English. It is important that their
purposes should be in harmony and that their functions
should be correlated.

To the secondary school, whether it be public or private,
belongs the task of laying the basis. It should, of course.
teach the student such forms as he needs ; that is to say.
the proper mechanical structure of letters and other business
forms. It should teach him correct spelling and punctuation.
It should teach him the correct construction of sentences
and paragraphs, and the proper use of words. These tasks,
of course, are not finished by the secondary school. Indeed,
the student goes on learning them all his life.

The secondary school should then teach him the larger
principles of construction in English composition. It should
not confine itself to specific types, and show him how to write
a letter ordering goods, or collecting money, or applying for
a position. Rather, it should show him first why and how
a letter should be made unified, coherent and emphatic. It
should teach him, for instance, that the principle of emphasis
demands that important ideas be placed at the beginning and
end of a composition: therefore, in a letter, mere compliment-
ary forms should not occupy these places. In all. it should
teach him to regard Business English as an art demanding
infinite practice, not as a science to be learned by mastering
a few rules and forms.

If the secondary school does teach the student these tilings,
it will have taught him more than most college graduates
know, and the knowdedge will be of inestimable value in any
business career he enters. It will also have prepared him for
the more advanced instruction that is the function of the
University or advanced School of Commerce.

The School of Commerce should teach him how to bring
his effort to the maximum of productiveness. It should show
him how his expression should lie directed toward different
classes of individuals and toward them in different frames
of mind. It should show him how to calm down the angered
and grieved individual and make him a friend: how to arouse
the unwilling debtor from bis careless or wilful state of in-
action and make him pay: how to make the business man
take an interest in some proposition of which he has never
heard; how to appeal to the sentiment of a woman or the
common sense of a farmer — and how to do each of these
and many more things with the minimum effort.

This involves some elementary instruction in psychology.
For, as in the secondary school, the teaching should not be
in any sense mechanical. It should make the student work
out each problem for himself. Thus his individuality may
be preserved and his practice ma> lit him to cope with the
various new problems that will come up during his business
life.

The field of Business English is broad. I have merely
tried to show- that it means Efficient English — English that
produces maximum results with minimum efforts. It means
English that is absolutely clear and concise and that expresses
individuality. If our commercial education can teach young
men how to write it. even though it does nothing more, it
will have given them half the necessary equipment for their
business careers.

VIII

din- Suatnpaa Journal

TRAINING OF OFFICE HELP FROM THE EM-
PLOYERS' POINT OF VIEW.

By VV. F. Story, Assistant Secretary,

General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. V.

EIAVE been invited to say a few words regard-
ing my experience with the young man and
woman who makes application for employment
as clerk and stenographer.

The General Electric Company at Schenec-
tady has a force of clerks and stenographers of 1238, sub-
divided as follows .

Male Clerks 589 Female Clerks 202

Male Stenographers 50 Female Stenographers. . .397

Copyists and phonograph operators are included under the
subdivision of clerks.

Stenographers, copyists, phonograph operators and most
of the female clerks are usually hired through me and come
more or less under my supervision.

During my thirteen years experience, I find about 8or< of
the applicants ( with the exception of stenographers) have
merely a grammar school education ; the balance have at-
tended high school for a year or two, but very tew have
taken the full course and graduated.

mines whether or not she will get a position, I consider it
from the applicant's standpoint, a very important thing and
one to which the schools should pay more attention.
Duties of lln- Male Clerk.

The duties of the male clerk are varied, the majority being
employed in the accounting department as bill and price
clerks, etc. As I do not employ this class of help I can say
very little about them, but understand most of them have
only a grammar school education with a course at some bus-
iness school. Good, plain handwriting is what is required
most in this department and a general knowledge of account-
ing. A great many of the clerks in this and other depart-
ments start early in life as office boys or junior clerks and
work up. While much of the work in this and other depart-
ments is of a routine nature, yet some of the positions can-
not be tilled by others than those who have had long vears
of training in our office as it is necessary to be familiar with
the products of the factory and the general organization of
the various departments.

I find that a large number of the stenographers who apply
have merely a grammar school education with three or six
months at some business school. There are a few who have
completed a high school course, but generally after a year
or two at high school they stop and go to some business

ilS! ■■■! 111 M»;

!« M!? |]

'»■«' !...;;;; ;;;;;;; ;s; :::

isii ilia iiii mi in in: hi itiij^

Office Building of the General Electric Co., Schenectady,

N. Y.

Duties of the Female Clerk.

The principal work of the female clerk consists of filing
papers and making card or index records, while a few, in
some of the department . use the adding machine and compto-
meter for checking the footings and extensions on bills, etc.
When employing young women every effort is made to get
those who have had a high school education or have attended
high school at least pan of the term, as we find such more
apt and they generally make better clerks. Of course, the
1 as a clerk is deficient in some things, partic-
ularly penmanship, and business training must be acquired.
We can hardly blame her for either of these deficiencies as
il 1- not to be expected that much time in high school will
be devoted to teaching business methods, and the young
women are taught* the vertical handwriting. This writing,
for society pur; does very well, but for business

we prefer the slanting system which is not so difficult to
read. As the handwriting of the applicant generally deter-

school, thinking that after they have . graduated from the
"College", as they call it. they are Stenographers. They per-
haps are, but in name only, because in most cases months of
practical work is necessary before they become really useful.
We find that Stenographers, as a rule, are generally lack-
ing education, and if the business schools would not accept
students unless they were graduates of some high school we

would have a much higher grade of stenographers. As we
cannot enforce this rule we can only remedy the evil by dis-
criminating in favor of the high school student; even then,

sometimes we get poor material for business purposes. This
may not be entirely the student's fault, for 1 believe that if
the Students in schools were graded, we might get better re-
sults, that is to say, if those who through force of 1
are compelled to go out in the world ami make a fixing, were
taught and drilled in subjects which would benefit them in
the business world, they would be much more useful and
progress much more rapidly. Perhaps this 1, done now to

r/e^n 5 -*~

Ullje iSuBtnraa Journal

some extent, Imt I believe that if business training were taught
in the high school ii would be of greal benefit to a very large
number of students who roust become wage earners.
We all must admit that the success of the stenographer

depends wholly upon his or her early training in the grammar
and high school; in other words, the early training is the
foundation and just like our buildings, the higher the build-
ing the larger and deeper the foundation; so it is with the
stenographer, lie or she can only he as large as his < r her
Foundation permit-, and no business school can turn out
good stenographers if their education has been slighted. They
can teach them the theory of shorthand, but very little else
a- the course of study is too short. Therefore, if we are to
have competent stenographers, we must look to their early
training at the grammar and high schools.

Deficiencies of the Stenographer.

I )ur experience has been that the applicant as a rule is
deficient in spelling, grammar, punctuation, system and general
knowledge of how to write a letter, and many seem unable
to concentrate their thoughts on business. This last can
hardly be laid to their schooling, yet a great deal might be
done at the school to overcome this fault during their training.
They seem hi forget that they are at their desks to do all
they can rather than to do as little as possible.

They should also be taught the advantage of system. Very
few have the faculty of doing things systematically and. there-
fore, the work is harder and much less is accomplished.

Spelling is another subject in which stenographers are gen-
erally lacking and many of them perhaps, through force of
circumstance, are ever ready to consult the dictionary. This
would indicate to me that too little time and thought were
given to that important study while at school. Misspelling,
i>f cour-e, cannot be tolerated in business correspondence.
The schools Ought tn make an effort to graduate better spel-
lers, particularly when they are intending to take up the bus-
iness course and become stenographer-. Only a few weeks
ago, a substitute stenographer with more than one and one-
half year's experience, was sent to one of our officials, as his
stenographer was away, and when given the wurd "inad-
vertently1' she acted as though she never had heard the word,
not alone knowing ii- meaning, and interrupted twice during
the dictation as she did not understand, and as soon a- she
was at leisure, the girl immediately referred to her dictionary.
Another instance, I will mention, the word "Comma" was
used yet the stenographer wrote "Coma". Both of these
words are commonly used and anj stenographer should be
able to spell them without trouble. I could cite many more
ease- of improper spelling but will not take the time.

I'unetuation is another subject in which many are deficient
and set in the work of tile stenographer it is very important.
The entire meaning of a letter or contract may lie changed
by a mistake in punctuation.

In training the student fur business purposes it -li< uld be

impressed upon their minds that concentration of thought or
attention is quite necessarj on the pari of the stenographer

while taking dictation and carelessness is something which
can hardly be overlooked, for when the stenographer is in-
attentive or careless about his or her work during dictation
or at any time, errors will creep in and foolish blunders
occur.

I will mention one or two instances, which can only be
attributed to carelessness, ,,s the stenographer was old enough
to know better and after writing it he should havi
the mistake if he had interest enough in his work to read
it over before handing the letter to the dictator. The words
which were dictated were a- follows: "covered tank of
water"; the stenographer wroti "inverted tank of water".

Another. "Enforced in Sweden", wa- written "enforced anil
sweetened". Still another, "ruin his future career"; written.
"ruin his sister's career". I believe all of the above errors

win- dur to carelessness or perhaps inattention, but even so,
an;, e 1 high School Student upon reading his letter- be-
fore handing them to the person who dictated should have
seen, if he or she had common sense, that they were wrong
and should have corrected them.

We cannot lay at the door of the school -uch gross careless-
ness as the above would imply, yet I believe if the student

had had the proper training lie would be abb- to see and
avoid such blunders.

While I have suggested that the high school should include
in its teaching a semi-business course, particularly a- to forms
of correspondence with Special care as to spelling and punc
tn.it i< m. I realize that the more practical training and the
stenographic instruction must be given in the busim
lege. Hut the business college i- prone to make its course
of instruction entirely too short: first, to get a larger number
of student-: and, secondly, to satisfy those who are anxious
as quickly as possible to become wage earners. It will gener-
ally be found false economy, for the struggle the short term
student will have after graduation will In .1 harder

far than the difficulties encountered in spending a longer
time in the business school, where under good conditions the
most rapid progress in mastering shorthand can be made.
Nothing can be more discouraging than for a young man or
woman to take a position only to find that he or she i- so
ill equipped as practically to be useless.

But, even under the best conditions, the College training
must be supplemented 1>\ everydaj practical work, and patient,
persistent study and practice. "Dogged does it" is an old
saying, and the young lady who falters not at discouragement,
but keeps faithfullj and persistently at practice will usually
discover at the end of a year or so that she is realh
ing a stenographer and that her work is being well done
with satisfaction to her employer and herself.

To summarize what 1 have said. there should he more
thoroughness in the schools m the elementary studies, espe-
cially iii spelling and grammar: the high school should teach
business forms and procedure: the business college should
have longer courses of study, to the end that when the
stenographer leaves the college and applies for a position
she -In. uld be iii every waj thoroughly equipped for the
work of her pri ifessi m

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS
Tin- Lawton, Okla., Business College has been purchased bj

J. \ Ferguson, formerly in charge of the commercial work

of the Mobile, \l.. . High Sch, oh

Tin Gilbertville, Mass., High School has engaged Miss
Hazel l'.ucke\ a- the new teacher in charge of the commercial
department.

T. J. Prible. of Hancock. Mich, i- now with Heald's BuS-

i ■ illege, Si. ickti m, i al
Mi-s Virginia Everett, has engaged with the Piedmont Bus-

s College, Lynchburg, Ya.
R. ('. Anderson, formerlj of Kalamazoo, Mich., and more
recentlj of the Utica, X. Y . Business Institute goes to Wil-
- n's Modern Business I tie, Wash.

The Watertown, Conn., High School ha- engaged W. II.
Sexton, of the Portsmouth, N. H., High School, to take the
place of J. M. Loring, who goes to the New York City

schools.

Mi-s Clariss., Davis, of \\\st Hartford. Conn., will take
up the work of teaching shorthand and related branches in
the Windham High School, Willimantic, Conn., this spring.
1' J Palmer, of Springfield, Mass., will take charge of the
commercial department.

INVITATIONS RECEIVED.
The Graduating Class of the Minneapolis. Minn.. Business
College announce their Annual Exercises and Class Banquet
at the West Hotel. March 30, 1912, at 7 P. M.

Glljr HitHtwaa ilournal

NEW BOOKS.

Pitman's Commercial Spanish Grammar, by C. A. Tole-
dano, Spanish Master at the Manchester Eng., Municipal
School of Commerce, Published l>y Isaac Pitman & Sons,
New York. 247 pages. Price $1.

In the words of the author the book has been compiled to
give the fruits of his experience to any young people who
may be eager to learn a language beautiful, noble and use-
ful. The book contains in its exercises conversations, and
an abundance of commercial phraseology and at the same
time a thorough treatise on Spanish grammar. It is both
a practical commercial grammar and a complete grammar
of the Castilian language by a competent master as well as
a commercial man of long experience.

BOOKKEEPING, Introductory Course, by Geo. W. Miner,
Commercial Department, Westlield (Mass.) High School.
Published by Ginn & Co., Boston, Xew York, Chicago, Lon-
don. 148 pp. Hound in buckram. Size, 6 x 9l/2 inches. 90c.

This is one volume of a series of four, the other three
being the Introductory and Intermediate Course of six sets,
the Complete Course of eight sets, and the Banking Set. The
script is by E. C. Mills, and is unusually well done. The aims
guiding the author in grading and developing his material
were: (1) To interest the pupil; (2) To educate the pupil
through the use of this material; (:i) To give the pupil prac-
tical knowledge and skill. Power to work independently
rather than mere facility in mechanical imitation is the aim
throughout. To supplement his own successful experience,
the author has been fortunate in securing the advice and de-
tailed assistance of a number of the foremost teachers and
authorities in 'the field of bookkeeping.

The volume presents four sets, as follows : Set I, Retail
Fuel and Feed; Set II, Wholesale Carpet; Set III, Grain and
Seed; Set IV, General Hardware. On page 125 are given
some general suggestions for business correspondence. The
appendix is in five parts, the first one dealing with Single
Entry; the second, Definitions and Explanations; the third.
Loose-Leaf Methods and Filing Devices; the fourth, Com-
mercial Terms Defined; the fifth, Abbreviations and General
Terms. A number of teachers and authorities on accounting
read the manuscript or the proof for the author.

lb. uurk is based upon and grows out of the former text.
Accounting and Business Practice, by John H. Moore and
Geo. \\ . Miner. It is especially designed for schools that
offer a course in the fundamentals of bookkeeping, including
the standard books and accounts, the modern use of a bank
account, and the common forms of business practice, with
an elementary treatise on drafts. Every bookkeeper, account-
ant and teacher of the subject should be interested in this
new work.

ively, each lesson being planned to teach some definite thing.
The book consists of forty lessons, divided into two parts :
Part 1, the elementary course, and Part II, the advanced
course. Part I, consisting of thirty-two lessons, is complete
in itself, and may be used in night school or other short
courses, where the time spent in typewriting is not sufficient
to complete the entire text. It is intended to make the stu-
dent a thorough touch writer, and enable him, with moderate
speed, to enter upon the duties of an operator in a business
office. Part II deals more fully with present day business
methods, and furnishes a great amount of material for the
acquiring of speed, including "A Day's Work for a Type-
writer Operator."

It is a pleasure to inspect the product of two such experts
as the authors of this work are. The subject of typewriting
cannot receive too much attention, and every teacher of the
subject should be keenly alive to the importance of keeping in
touch with the progress made in the art. The typewriter is
the one business device to be found in every office. One
could get along without the telephone, for instance, but he
could not get along without his machine. The amateur of
today is expected to exceed the achievements of the expert of
yesterday. In fact, the business man has a standard of meas-
urement for his typewriter operator. The typewriting is the
one product of the stenographer's work which he can read-
ily pass judgment upon. A text which will lighten the teach-
er's burden, and, at the same time, increase the operator's
efficiency, is a valuable addition to the working equipment of
any school.

FRITZ & ELDRIDGE'S EXPERT TYPEWRITING.
\ ( omplete Course in Touch Typewriting. By Rose L. Fritz,
winner id' thirteen consecutive Championship Typewriting
Contests, and Edward II. Eldridge, Ph. D.. Head of Depart-
Secretaria! Studies, Simmons College, I'.oston, \u-
thor of "Shorthand Dictation Exercises." Cloth, oblong
octavo, 181 pages, with forms and diagrams. Price, 85 cents.

Business Forms for use in connection with the above.
Pad, s . Price, 20 cents

American Book Company, Xew York, Cincinnati, and
( Imago.

aim of this comprehensive course is to give the stu-
dent the two prime essentials of a good typewriter operator —
accuracy and speed — but accuracy has never been sacrificed to
speed. The work has been developed constantly and progress-

THE PHONOGRAPHIC OBSERVER. Edited by John
Lanyon ("Stylus Swift"). Wholesale Publishers; Isaac Pit-
man & Sons. Ltd., London. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.,
Xew York City. Annual Subscription, $i.tio. Volume I,
X... 1.

This is one of the latest publications which appears entirely
in Isaac Pitman phonography. The subject matter is well
selected, and is as interesting to the general student and ap-
preciator of literature as to the shorthand reporter himself.

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Gregg will sail on May 2nd for
Europe on the magnificient steamer " The Xew France."
This is the maiden trip for this vessel. They intend to make
a tour of France and Germany. While in Germany it is Mr.
Gregg's intention to make a study of vocational and commer-
cial training in use in that country. He will return the first
week in July, as he is to deliver an address on " Vocational
Training in Germany" before the Spokane convention in
July. (In his way to Spokane he will stop over at Rochester
to deliver an address before the Rochester Business Institute,
and also at Chicago, where he will address those in attend-
ance at the Summer normal conducted by his own school.

X. C. Brewster, a former member of the teaching profes-
sion, is now located at Wellsboro, Pa., where he is now con-
fining his efforts to card writing and diploma filling. In a
letter received from him. he states he is doing a very suc-
cessful business.

OBITUARY.
William P. Wright, Sr.

At Detroit, Mich., on March 85th occurred the death of Wil-
liam P. Wright. Sr., for many years engaged in business
education, being associated with the Wright-Sterling School,
Philadelphia. Pa. The cause of his death was cancer of the
liver Mr. Wright suffered intensely during an illness of a
little more than three weeks. He was sixty-two years of age.
The funeral services were held at the residence of his daugh-
ter, Hattie B. Wright, Drexel Hill, Delaware County, Pa.

^■T/e/vn 5 +

31ir Husutrss Journal

NEWS NOTES.

The beautiful summer home of Dr. H. M. Rowe, of the
II. M. Rowe Co., Baltimore, was destroyed by tire on March
20th. The building, which was of the old colonial design,
possessed that atmosphere which cannot be found in the
modern production, and it was pointed out as one of the
show places of Baltimore. At much expense and trouble,
Dr. Rowe had secured a valuable collection of paintings,
rugs and bronzes, and the loss of these is almost irreparable.
The financial loss is estimated at from $12,000 to $15,030 over
and above the insurance, but when a home is destroyed by
fire there is always a loss which cannot be estimated in dol-
lars and cents.

We have been favored with a copy of "See America
First," a 30 page magazine which is published bi-monthly at
Tacoma. Wash. A glance through its pages is enough to
convince almost anyone that the United States does not have
to take a back seat in the matter of natural scenery. The
magazine is issued in an attractive manner, and as future
issues will present the charms of various parts of the coun-
try, a bound volume "of it would make a valuable possession.

W. J. Slifer, of the Spalding Commercial College, Kansas
City, Mo., has sent us photographs of some nice specimens
of blackboard copies. The work shows up very well, and,
no doubt, proves inspiring to Mr. Slifer's students in pen-
manship.

V. G. Musselman, of the Gem City Business College, Quincy,
111., kindly remembered us with a card of greetings i n
" April Fool " day.

R. S. Deener, of the Metropolitan Business College, Chicago,
informs us that school prospects in that city are exception-
ally good, and we can imagine the hum of industry that is
resounding out around 90th Street and Commercial Avenue.

The contestants for the Gold Medal will have to be on the
watchout, as another entrant has appeared in the arena in the
person of the six year old daughter of W. S. Morris, of
Central High School, Lonaconing, Md. Specimens of her
writing have been received and would be a credit to a girl
of twice her age.

F. R. Burden, who formerly was at Columbia and Mexico,
Mo., is now affiliated with the Mackay Business College, of
Sacramento. Cal. In a newsy letter received from him he
states he enjoys the Western country very much, and that
the school is in a prosperous condition. Success to you. Mr.
Burden, in your new surroundings!

The fourteenth annual convention of the Inland Empire
Teachers' Association was held in Sp kane, Wash, on April
3rd to 6th inclusive. An extensive program was carried cut
The topics selected for discussion were of interest to teachers
in all grades of the public school, and the meeting no doubt
considerably lightened the burden of some of the teachers
by showing them how to handle many of the perplexing
problems they oftentimes have to face.

W. P. Steinhaeuser, Supervisor of Writing, Asbury Park,
X. J.j sends us his best wishes on a card showing a view of
the new marble post office building at that point. The site
and building cost $133,000.

In a letter received from V. C. Batson, field manager of
the Draughon business schools, he states he is opening an-
other school at Atlanta, Texas, thus adding another link to
the already long chain of schools controlled by John F.
Draughon. It is a foregone conclusion the new school will
have a prosperous career under Mr. Batson's management.

In a cordial letter received from K. C. Stotts of the Dan-
ville, Ya.. Commercial College we are clad to note an opti-
mistic spirit prevails in that school. Mr. Stotts states that,
although the school is practically in it- infancy, its success

has been so marked that it is destined to occupy a place
amongst the leading schools of the South.

It is announced by the Burroughs Adding Machine Com-
pany that the next convention of their All Star Club sales-
men will lie held in Detroit during the Cadillaqua week, that
of July 20th. This week in Detroit is going to be a gala
occasion, modeled something after the Mardi Gras of New
Orleau- and the other festivals of various cities.

The Adelphi College, of Brooklyn, X. Y., announces a
Summer Course in Phonography and Touch Typewriting to
commence on July 8 and continue until August 16. The course
in elementary stenography will o >n-ist of a thorough train-
ing in the theory of stenography with the object of pre-
paring the student to undertake speed dictation. The text-
book used will be "Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand'' and
the rules of the text will be interpreted in the light of the
general basic principles of shorthand. The course in advanced
stenography will presuppose a knowledge of the theory and
will begin dictation at the rate of about fifty or sixty words
per minute. A good stenographic vocabulary will be acquired
ami many of the abbreviating devices and reporting practice
will be introduced. The typewriting course will be opened to
both elementary and advanced students and the instruction in
tin- subject will aim to give the student a thorough command
of the machine by "touch." The text used will be Charles
E. Smith's " Practical Course in Touch Typewriting."

Central City Business School, of Syracuse. X. Y., has pur-
chased Dakin's Business Institute of that city, consolidating
the two schools.

The Rider, Moore & Stewart school of Trenton was well
represented at the convention, as there were ten from that
school present. Specimens of penmanship from the shorthand
department received many favorable comments, and Mr. Mc-
Ghee, teacher of writing, has cause to be proud of the good
work he is accomplishing in his classroom.

K. C Atticks. of Passaic. X. J., has been selected to suc-
ceed E. S. Colton at the Brookline (Mass.) High School
There were several hundred applications for this position, and
much credit ma> be accorded Mr. Atticks for winning out in
so large a field.

The Board of Education of Syracuse, X. Y.. is now looking
for a site on which to build a new high school. An appro-
priation has already been made, and it is estimated the new-
school will cost about $250,000.

The political bee is again hovering around the profession.
In this instance it has in sight John J. Eagan. who is the
proprietor of five business schools located in New York
City and towns adjacent thereto. Mr. Eagan is seeking the
nomination as a member of Congress, and as he generally gets
what he goes after, it may he assumed at no distant date
it will be necessary to address him as " Honorable."

Another member of the fraternity. J. E. Gill, of the Rider.
Moore & Stewart school. Trenton, was elected a member of
the Xew Jersej Assembly last year, and has been a large fac-
tor in advancing the cause of education in that State. He has
been chosen as chairman of the committee on education, and
i- rendering incalculable service to the schools of Xew Jer-
sey.

Combining the practical with the theoretical is the policy
of the school established by Elbert Hubbard at East Aurora,
X. Y. IK- started a boys' preparatory -.-ho, ,1 h-t Fall which
offers a four years' high school course. The boys are obliged
to spend the forenoon in the schoolroom, and the afternoon is
dev.te.l to work in the bindery -ho,, ,,r doing manual labor
in the open.

The two business schools controlled by Chas. M. Miller,
of Xew York City, have been combined. Spacious quarters
have been secured at 23rd and Lexington Av.. and the school
is enjoying a very large attendance.

XII

QlrjF HuBmrB3 jJournal

CONFIDENCE MEN ABROAD.
Business schools should be constantly on the alert that
they may not become the prey of unscrupulous men. In a
letter received from the Wheeler Business College, Birming-
ham, Ala., we are informed that a party called at that
school and tendered a check in payment of his tuition and
stationery. The check was signed by S. C. Jackson, and
made payable to II. A. Jackson. It was. of course, made out
for a larger amount than he knew the expense of tuition
and stationery would amount to, so that he would have
made a clear profit of the difference between the amount
of the check and the amount of expense. This school, how-
ever, instead of giving Jackson the difference when he pre-
sented the check, told him the check would he deposited and
the amount paid him when the check had been collected by
the bank. The check was deposited and was returned the
next day marked "no such account"; in the meantime "H.
A. Jackson" disappeared. The letter states, however, he
had already succeeded in swindling another school in that
city. He will undoubtedly attempt to operate in other cities,
and it would be well for business schools to adopt the
system of the Wheeler Business School to prevent financial
loss.

We have also received a press clipping describing a plan
pursued by two young men in Natchez, Miss., who sold
common wash bluing for ink at $1.50 a pint. Their method
was to use an acid which obliterated ordinary inks, but set
the bluing, making it bolder and firmer. As their demons-
tration showed how easily it was to raise a check made out
with ordinary ink, by removing the amount it called for and
filling in another amount, it was only to be expected many
of the business men of that city were induced to buy the
"newlj discovered indelible ink."

SCHOOLROOM REVELATIONS.

A never ending source of amusement to teachers is the
original and sometimes amazing flashes of information re-
vealed to them in examination papers. Pupils who have sat
under a teacher's instruction for months and years often
successfully conceal their primitive notions regarding the
subject in hand, and yet on a written examination displaj
their startling notions. Sometimes these statements find their
way into the press, but many of the liest are lost. The sub-
joined specimen conies to us from a teacher well known to
the profession. The letter was written by a boy in one of
our large cities, and with the exception of fictitious names
and address is an exact copy.

We should |„. pleased to receive other original compositions
of a similar nature.

January ]8, 1912.
John Brown & co.,
75 Pine Street,
Albany, X. V.
Dear Sir:

\s I have read in the newspaper your warning a boy. to

acl as office assistant, on Saturday, I would like lo applj

for if. position.

1 am eighteen years old, and never been out iii societj

Never drink, smoke, jew or tell fabrications, and have al

,1 if ten commandments. Go to church twice on

Sunday and Sunday School. In school I am at the head of

and if. teachers pet. for further references of

1 ability, apply to llenry fox, principle of the high

school and hatr of the midnight crew men.

I would like to ion from you on receiving tins applica
lion, telling the amount of money you would pay and how
long the hours arc.

Yours ven mils.

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.
Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY, Tribune Building, New York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Ilennett, K. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Burroughs Adding Machine I ,.., Detroit, Mich.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 liroadway, New York.

3U Vesey St
See Typewriters' Adding.

York.

Underwood Typewrite
ADDING TYPEWRITERS
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square, New York.

Bliss Publishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Goodyear-Marshall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S., 253 Lexington Ave., New York.

Practical Text Book Co.. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe, H. M., & Co.. Baltimore, Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping
CARBON PAPfciv-j & ' YPcWKITER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New York.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENUL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M„ & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman, I.. S- Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., N
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa,
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, !
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine. Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A., 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, III.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Ten Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co., Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co.. 349 Broadway. New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo

Giaham, A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.
Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons. J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

York.

Packard,

ngto

York.

nographic Institute Co., Cincinnati,
Pitman. Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 45th St., New York.
Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland,

St..

Ohi

York.

Chicago, 111.

.eland, Ohio.
Orleans, La.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707

Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Anstos or
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway,
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co.. 1123 Broadway. Ne

Lyons. J. A., & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Ave.,

Pitman, Isaac, & S .n. 2 W. 45th St., New Yor

Practical Text Book Company, Euclid Ave., Cle

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New
TYPEWRITERS.

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River,

Monarch Typewriter Co.. 3UU Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadwav, New Yorl

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadwav. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co.. 30 Vesey St., New «ork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.,
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Rroadway. N

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Rroadwav. New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OK COMPLETE KEYBOARD).

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co.. 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCH ANGF ABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty-»writer Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter C.r . 30 Vesey St.. New York.

York.

.k/m S-f~

Glh? lSusiiiPB3 Journal

XIII

ATLANTIC CITY FOR THE 1913 CONVENTION.

The members of the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Asso-
ciation made a very happy choice when they decided to go to
Atlantic City for their next annual meeting. This well-known
seaside resort offers many attraction-,, particularly at the Eas-
ter season. Our winters are becoming so long and severe that
everyone appreciates the advent of Spring, and, 9omehow or
other, Atlantic City seems to he verj highly favored in that
the Spring season arrives at that point a little earlier than at
any other place in this vicinity. While the teachers are de-
liberating upon the man) question^ which interest them, the
members of their families and their friends may enjoy the
boardwalk and other attractions of the place.

NEW YORK FOR 1914.

It is none too early to make plans for the location of the
I'.ili meeting. The custom seems to have been established
that the places of meeting are determined upon well in ad-
vance. We believe that the 1914 meeting should come to
the city of New York. The Association has a standing invi-
tation to meet in this city at any time. Xew York is the
financial capital of the western hemisphere. Xo other city
offers the same advantages for the study of business customs
and practices at lirst hand. This is tin- age of Efficiency. A
large number of the citizens of the metropolis are making
commercial efficiency their daily study. In 1014 the commercial
teachers should assemble here. The greater portion of the
time should be devoted to visiting business houses. There is
the Stock Exchange, the Clearing House, the large insurance
offices, the news gathering agencies, telegraph offices, export-
ing and importing, wholesaling and retailing houses. The
home offices of all the typewriter companies are located here.
A thousand items would not exhaust the list of interesting
features for the one engaged in business training to inspect.

Members of the Association, bear Xew York in mind for
the l'.M4 meeting. The editor of The Business Journal went
to the Bridgeport meeting with the promise of the large au-
ditorium in the Metropolitan Life Insurance Building and
also the theatre in the Wanamaker store as gathering plates
for the 1912 meeting. We learned after arriving at Bridge-
port lli.it there was a feeling that the meeting should go to
Albany, s.i no effort was made to bring it to Xew York. The
Packard School in its magnificent new building would be an-
other splendid meeting place. It has been seven years since
the dissociation met in Xew York, and bj I'M* it will be
lime to meet here again.

Program of Convention of

The Gregg Shorthand Association, Spokane,

Thursday, July 18, 1912, 2 P. M.

II. A. Hagar

Teachers' Gold, Silver and Bronze

President's Remarks. .
Announcements

Annual t 'on test for < ire
Medals

(To be conducted by Committee
appointed by the President )
Present-Day Tendencies in Peaching Short-
hand John R. < Iregg

Discussion

Business Meeting: Report of Secretary -T reasurer :

Report of Directors of Evercirculators ;
Reports of Committees :
Election "f Officers.
Thursday 6.30 I'. M.
Welcome Banquet to Mr. Gregg In Spokane citizens
Hall of Doges. Davenport's.

THE SPOKANE CLUB PLAN ENDORSED.

Since, in the course of mj correspondence, I have received
some questions as to the nature of the service that may he
expected of the Rex Tours, under the management of Mrs.
A. E. Yerex, I have taken some pains to inform myself, in
addition to the assurance of my Chicago friends who asked
me to represent lliem in the East and who decided to pul
the details of our Spokane trip into experienced hands.

Not long ago, when writing to a teacher about a Western
position, I enclosed a circular of the proposed trip, and asked.
in a footnote to the letter, whj the teacher could not go with
the Club to Spokane, taking in the Yellowstone Park on the
way. She is a trained nurse as well .is a trained and success-
ful teaelur. and she replied -

"I know something of the country. During the summer of
[909, my sister and I spent three months in Yellowstone Park

as matron and assistant matron of Upper Geyser Basin Camp,
for the "Wylie Way" company. It was a great and glorious
experience . While in the Park, 1 played hostess al G<

Camp to one of the "Rex" parties, ami met Mrs. Yerc\ She
is a charming lady, most capable in looking to the welfare
of her guests. ] wish you all a happy, profitable journey."
This unsolicited, unexpected letter from a verj high grade

teacher impressed me deeply.

I know from the "Rex" advertising matter that President
II I: Brown, of Valparaiso, Indiana. University, bad known
something of the quality of "Rex" service, and so some time
ago I wrote him for a frank personal comment, since hi has
been mv close personal friend for more than twenty wars.
lie immediately replied that various members of his family
bad taken trips under the guidance of Mrs. Yerex. and the
service was always entirel) satisfactory.

Major I'.. i; Ray, Paymaster of the I'. S. Army, with head-
quarters at Chicago, has taken these trips, and he writes me,
under date of March l8, saving. "Mrs. Yerex is very reliable,
and will complete her contract to the letter. The Tours are
A 1."

In the course of correspondence I also learned that Mrs.
Yerex, four vears ago, bad in her personal charge the Debs
Presidential train, with which Eugene V. Dibs ami his party
made a canvass of the entire country. I wrote to Stephen
M. Revuolds. who as head of the Committee having the
transportation in charge, made the arrangement with Mrs.
Yerex to lock after the details. He writes me tinder date
of March 18. saying: —

"I can most heartily and sincerely commend Mrs. Yerex

of the Rex fours She has had the widest experience in
looking to the wants of people traveling She knows the
railroad people personally (I have confirmed that in mv con
versations with Xew England agents of the great Western

Lines here in Boston 1 : knows the hotels: understands the
servants: exercises patience which comes, not from effort,
but from real, genuine kindness; and. therefore, she receives
the cordial, prompt assistance of railroad people en route;
willing and cordial service of the servants on the train 1 im-
portant). I can say, after a seventy-day continuous trip
,.11 the Rex plan, that you can find nothing superior in the
country, and the reasons are: simple kindness all the lime:
wide experience, and thorough knowledge"

Mrs. Yerex's readiness to answer mj main questions frank

Iv and satisfactorily— as well as the questions of othi

em people who are going to Spokane with her— has given

me a directly favorable impression of her. I feci sure that
our Chicago "friends who have spent s • much time and effort
to effect an organization and perfect a plan for the maximum
of comfort and pleasure on this trip, at the minimum >x
penditure of money, time, and effort— and especially ot safetv
for ladies unaccompanied and unaccustomed to travel— will
have the grateful appreciation of the many who are arranging
to take advantage "i this unique opportunity.

Beverly, Mass., April 1. 1912. E E. GaYLORD.

Mrs. Crex. the wife of a certain clergyman in an English
village, was a most solicitous and prudent helpmeet. Her
husband would never have come to any harm if her advice
had -always been followed.

One mistj day, as he was starting off to officiate at a
funeral, she was particularly careful in cautioning him against
anv sort of exposure.

"Now, John," she concluded, "above all things, don't stand
with your bare head on the damp ground or you'll catch
cold I"

And John promised hewould not — 1 outWs C i'»i/vmo'i

• • * ♦ #

XIV

OJIjf Hitsinrss Journal

SECRETARY R. J. MACLEAN'S WORK IN THE
RIGHT DIRECTION.

The improvement of the rivers and harbors of the United
States is one of the truly tremendous and indispensable
t.i^k- of American development in the joth century.

The congress on this subject that lias met annually at
Washington, 1). C, fur the last eight years is a valuable
factor in the forwarding of such development. But its
professed character as a national organization would he im-
measurably intensified by holding its meetings every year
in some different section of the country.

The west is as vitally concerned in this subject as the
east : the Pacific slope as much so as the Atlantic coast ; the
south as the north. The west has the Missouri, whose deve-
lopment may be made to give direct access by water from
tin sc;1 to the Rockies; the Columbia and its tributaries that
form the second largest system of river navigation in the
United States, and the Sacramento, that ranks fourth among
American streams as a carrier of commerce. The harbors
of the Pacific states rival those of the Atlantic common-
wealth in availability and front the ocean that is to become
the stage of tin' world's greatest marine trade. The south,
with the Mississippi, the Red river and the Ohio penetrating
the richest valley in the world and opening toward Panama,
has peculiar claims to consideration.

Secretary Maclean of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce,
with the continental vision of commercial statesmanship,
perceived these commanding facts and surveyed the situa-
tion from the point of view of the broadest nationalism.
The credit for tlie effort to bring the congress west belongs
chief!) to him. He states that the west can not be expected
to retain interest in a congress on harbors and rivers that
invariably holds its meetings in the east. The chamber of
commerce therefore urges the congress, and in this it is
backed by the states and commercial bodies from Montana
and Wyoming to San Francisco, to meet at Spokane in IQI2.
Its cogent arguments arc put forcefully. The congress, in
its own interests and those of all American harbors and
rivers, ought to give prolonged and careful consideration to
the cordial and justified invitation of Spokane.

Spokane Spoke-Man Review.

took the machine to Washington for the criticism of the
Siamese Legation at that point, they not only praised the
machine very highly, speaking especially of the clear im-
pressions and excellent work produced by the type, hut
gave more tangible evidence of their appreciation by purchas-
ing the machine on the spot.

ANOTHER ADDITION TO THE FOREIGN CHAR-
ACTER MACHINES OF THE REMINGTON.

The Remington Typewriter Company have just announced
another addition to their line of machines for writing non-
Roman character-, this machine being equipped for writing
S i: ii 1 1. ■ -c

["he Siamese Remington was prepared under the direction
of Mr. Win. Moskowitz of the Remington Typewriter l.-'.x-
port Department, and is the ninth machine which ha- been
produced by the Remington for writing other than Roman
letters Its predecessors are equipped for writing the follow-
ing characters: — Russian, Greek, Hebrew. Armenian, Arabic,
Devanagri Hindi, Burmese and Japanese (Katakana).

impared with one or two of the older machines of
tin- series, the Siamese Remington marks a notable advance,

he model utilized for tin purpose is the Visible
Mod i to Ri mington.

ugh this i- a new language for the Remington Type-
writer, it is in4 new for all of the machines sc.ld now by
the Remit lewriter Company. Siamese Smith Pre-

mier Typewriters have been out for a good many years,
and Hi' extensivi sale which they have enjoyed clearly indi-
cates thai tii- i' room for a Siamese Remington in this
field.
That the Remington machine is. admirably adapted for this

Mr. Mosk.

CAN YOU BELIEVE IT?

Relieve what? Wily, that it is just two months until the
date when the first train will leave Chicago for the Con-
vention of the National Teachers' Federation at Spokane,
Wash. This train will be the Special of the Teachers' Spo-
kane Club, and if you have not already made your reserva-
tion you should write to the manager of the Rex Tours, Mrs.
A. F. Yerex, 1523 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, at once while
desirable reservations may be had. Already fully one-third
of the number required to insure the Special have done this,
and the bookings have scarcely begun. Xo doubt, you have
received itinerary and other literature explaining in detail
this tour, together with cost of the entire trip, including
transportation, sleeping car reservation, meals, and every ex-
pense incident to the trip, excepting little side jaunts which
you may want to make at stops along the route. $234.75, to he
exact, is wdiat it will cost you to make this trip.

Leaving Chicago the evening of July 1st, this Special will
proceed to Omaha, Denver, etc., arriving at Yellowstone Park
on the morning of July 7th, where the party will disembark
and proceed to do the Park in six days via the Wiley Way.
Can Mm think of missing it? Why, it is an education in it-
self, and thousands upon thousands of people scrape and save
for years in order that they may visit this one place of interest
and wonder, and are satisfied to return home and ever after
sing praises of this glorious treat. This is not all, though, by
any means. When we have seen all in the Park that time
will allow, then we will proceed onward arriving at Spokane
on July 15th where we will remain four days to attend the
Convention. This concluded the party will proceed, some on
a tour through the Canadian Rockies, while others go South-
ward to Frisco, Los Angeles, and other points designated in
the itinerary, returning via the Royal Gorge to Salt Lake
City, thence homeward arriving in Chicago, August 5th.

Can you imagine a more delightful and inexpensive trip?
With you will be your friends and fellow workers in edu-
cational lines, all living together as one family in this hotel
on wheels for the thirty-live days stipulated for the trip.
All worry as to train connections, care of baggage, and the
thousand and one cares incident to such a trip being elim-
inated, we have only to rest and enjoy ourselves.

Everyone engaged in the dissemination of business educa-
tion, be he high school or private school teacher, proprietor
or manager, is cordially invited to join this party provided his
location will permit of his doing so. If not, then we shall
hope to meet you in Spokane, and it is high time you are
completing arrangements to go otherwise.

The Spokane Club and the All-Expense Special Tour, were
organized and perfected in the interests of the Federation to
enable the largest number possible to make the trip at a
minimum of expense. You will perhaps never again be able
to make the trip as inexpensively, advantageously and en-
joyably as at this time via the Spokane Teachers' Club Spe-
cial.

\' cept the invitation to join us and send your booking fee
of $10.00 to Mrs V F. Yerex, Manager Rex Tours, 1523
Marquette Building, Chicago, or The Transportation Com-
mittee of the Spokane Club, same address. It is necessary that
you do this at once. Four other tours are planned, three to
leave on later dates, and it is to facilitate arrangements for
these tours that early bookings are solicited and urged.

^■rwi s+

s % \ \ \ « «

®ije Buatnpaa Sournal

MONTAGUE PUBLICATION MAILER.

We Show herewith ;i cut of the Montague Automatic Pub-
lication mailer which feeds, folds, wraps, pastes, cuts off the
wrapper, prims the address and return address, and delivers

the wrapped paper in the mail-bag at a speed of from 3,000
to 5.000 per hour, dependent upon the size and weight of the
publication. This machine handles publications of any width
or length, from four pages up. as thick as can he folded.

The address plates feed to the machine from drawers in
which they are filed like index cards and are automatically
rcliled in the drawers in the same order, without stoppage of
the machine or interruption of its work.

The wrapping paper is fed to the machine from a roll; it
feeds only in conjunction with the publication, so that in it
an inch of it is wasted- The length of the wrappers is regu-
lated according to the size of the publication.

The publication feed is both automatic and positive, the
publications being separated from a pile one by one. The
feeding lingers grip the publication firmly at both ends and
carrj it into tapes which convey it t" an intake, where it is
squared for association with the wrapping paper.

The folding mechanism is so designed that a portion of
the wrapper is folded within the publication, insuring a
lighth wrapped package, from which the publication cannot
slip. '

SECRETARY VAN ANTWERP WRITES.

{. SCHOOLMAN', when a prospective pupil tells
you that he would like to take a business train
ing course with you but that he cannot afford it.
what do you tell bun? I know the answer, have
used it hundreds of times. You tell him that he
can't afford not to take a business training course, that the
returns from such a course will be a thousand time-, greater
than the triile that it will cost him. That is a good argu-
ment, and it is the truth. Now, use the same argumi 111 in
yourself. Perhaps you have said that you would like to go
to Spokane with the X. C. T. F. hut that you can't afford it.
The correct and logical answer is: You can't afford not to
go; you can't afford noi to take advantage of t'1

opportunity to see the beauties and wonders of the Rocky

Mountain country and the Pacific Coast. This 1- your one

chance in a lifetime; you'll never have another to make the
trip under such favorable condition: — in company with con-
genial spirits who are interested in the things you are in-
terested in. whose minds ami bean- are 111 sympathy and

Montague Publication Mailer.

In the pasting operation, which occur- simultaneously with
the folding, the paste is applied in such a manner that it
does not come in contact with any of the working parts of
the machine. The package is neater in appearance, more se-
cure and the paste is more evenly distributed than when the
work is done by hand.

The operation of the printing mechanism i- controlled by
the presence of the publication as it passes to the printing
point after being wrapped and pa-ted.

Any failure of the person in charge of the machine to keep
11 supplied with address plates automatically stops its opera-
tion, making it impossible for a publication to pass the print-
ing point without having an address printed upon it. There
can be no possibility of a subscriber receiving a wrapper
without In- paper or the paper without its wrapper. When
wrapped and addressed the paper is automatically deposited
in the mail bag, the machine having done all the work of
mailing front the time the paper left the bindery.

The Montague Publication Mailer is manufactured by the
Montague Mailing Machinery Company, Chattanooga. Tenn..
which company, it i- said, manufactures the most complete
line of addressing and mailing machine- on the market.

A poet announces the discovery that the first letters of
the words painting, sculpture, architecture, literature and
music make "psalm." A little differently disposed, too, they
make lamps. — Chicago Tribune.

among whom the spirit of real comradeship exists ["he 1
pense of the trip is a mere trifle compared to the benefits to
be derived from it. Cast all the ifs and huts and can'ts out
of your vocabulary, pack your grip and come along to
Spokane. Put that little devil Fear behind you, tell him to
go back to — where he belongs, bolster up your courage and
be a good sport just for once and you'll never regret it.
You'll return to your homes richer and wiser, better and
happier.

C. D. McGregor, President of the Central Commercial
Teachers' Association, makes the following official announce-
ment :

"The concensus of opinion among the members of the Cen-
tral Commercial Teacher-' Association seems to be that the
interests of the National Federation will be better served if
our Association defers its meeting until 1913. If after we
reach Spokane there seems to be a desire or a necessity for a
business session, an arrangement for such session can be
made when the emergency arises.

"The members of the Central Commercial Teachers' Asso-
ciation will join heartily with the National Federation in any
movement toward the success of our July meeting."

XVI

(Thr Suatttpsa Journal

The Teachers' Spokane Club of Chicago, C. A. Faust. Presi-
dent. ha\e arranged a very attractive trip. Their party will
lucted by The Rex Tours on the all-expenses-paid
plan and they will have a special train. They have outlined
a trip that takes in the best of the Western scenery and at
the minimum cost. Full information as to details and a
booklet descriptive of the trip can be obtained by addressing
The Rex Tours, 153 Marquette Bldg , Chicago. Teachers
from every section of the country are invited to join the
Chicago Club Special. The Eastern arrangements are in
charge of E. E. Gaylord, of Beverly. Mass.

F. W. Otterstrom, of Salt Lake City, an old member of the
Federation, is much interested in the success of the Spokane
convention and is devoting a good part of his energies to
arousing the interests of the Utah teachers in the meeting.
He is very anxious that all Eastern teachers spend as much
time as possible in Salt Lake City, and he promises that the
time spent there, whether long or short, shall be entertainingly
and profitably spent.

MULTOPLEX FILING DEVICE.

(I PREVENT folders from sagging, yet to pro-
vide at the same time a support which shall be
at .nice economical of space and free to move
when the tiles increase in bulk is the principal
object which the Canton Manufacturing Com-
pany, of Canton, Ohio, claims to have secured in
its new Multoplex tiling system. The Multoplex however, can
hardly be outlined in a merely general statement. Thecompany,
in a recent catalogue, illustrates the system in a convincing
way. The claim is made that the heart of the filing system
lies in the drawers in which letters or documents are placed.
To provide the largest amount of filing room in standard
size of tiling cabinet and to enable clerks to file and find
matter with the least expenditure of time and patience, con-
stitute, it is claimed, the basic elements of proper filing
system.

Such a system the Canton Manufacturing Company claims
to have perfected in the multoplex. whose chief feature
seems to lie in the construction and arrangement of the
drawers and the metal partitions within, whose elastic ad-
justability gives the system, it is said, certain peculiar and
desirable characterisl ics.

The Multoplex drawer has no follower blocks and rods
in the bottom, the space taken up by these being added to
thi general capacity of the drawer. The metal partitions with
which Multoplex drawers are provided are movable and ad-
justable to provide for a large or small amount of corres-
pondence in any folder, yet these partitions are not fastened,
but hang from the top of the drawer, supported upon either
side by steel rods. They may be moved at will or taken

Old Method of Vertical Filing.

out entirely. But while these partitions are movable and even
removable, they are not loose, for they are to a certain ex-
tent, limited to their movement by metal slides or "distance
strips", fitted to the top of the drawer, while in the bottom
of the drawer is a fiat metal plate with slots cut in it. The
distance strips at the top are notched to correspond to the
slots in the plate at the bottom of the drawer. These features
limit the partitions in their movement, yet. it is said, do not
effect the arrangement or division of the drawer, as they
can be set any desired distance apart to accommodate the
amount of correspondence under any one subdivision. The
partitions, limited in their movement by the notches at the
top and the slots in the bottom of the drawer, take a slightly
leaning position backwards, making it convenient to locate
the numbers, names or letters by which the contents of the
drawer are indexed.

The special advantage claimed for these metal partitions
is, of course, that they are always upright and keep the letter
files from sagging down. They possess other features, too,
it is said, among which are their lightness and durability, and
the fact .that on the top of each is an index holder which
runs the full length of the partition. When indexing by
linn names, cities, stales, or counties, for instance, these can
all be typewritten on heavy paper or card stock and slipped
into the index holder on top of the partition, and can he
located anywhere to bring them most readily in the line of
sight when the drawer is opened.

This system of Multoplex Metal partitions has been adopted
by the Canton Manufacturing Company to a large line of filing
cabinets, card index cabinets, document files, etc.. etc.. and
the company is manufacturing an attractive output of tiling
devices equipped with the Multoplex features, marketed under
thai name.

Multoplex tiling cabinets may be had' in individual stacks.
either solid I i" lei; hase. or they may be purchased in series,
bolted together and using hut one pair of end panels.

When Robert 0 Bailey, Assistant Secretary of the Tre;o-
ury, first started on his present job, he was introduced to
one of those dictagraph things, now in common use in the
Treasury Department, ami a~kid to get out a hunch of cor-
respondence. It was Bailey's first attempt to dictate to any-
thing hut a human being. He picked up the tube with the
mouthpiece at one end and shouted a "Hear sir" into the
thing in a loud voice, forgetting that he wasn't talking to a
deaf man, and sat sihnt. Half an hour later he was still
sitting there, silent, with his correspondence unfinished.

"Don't you know they're in a hurry for that stuff'" asked
one of bis associates

"Then send me in a blond stenographer with a wire rat
in her hair and a large jab il and a wad of gum", said
"If \ou can't get that kind, send along any stenographer at
all. so long as it's ;1 human being that will go ahead with her
work and not disconcert me. I can address a young woman
product of a business college with the utmost savoir faire.
hut this machine stares at me SO sullenly and silently that
it's got me completer] upset I can't think of a word to say-
to it. I begin to dictate, anil my voice s,,unds as queer as

if I were talkine. to myself on a deserted isb tih. go fetch
me some kind of a human being stenographer so 1 can

forget about all else s.ive inv dictation."

^■Tle/ry, S +

%\'%\\

INTERMEDIATE COURSE.

Writing for the Accountant.

^I^TTTT^TTTT^-r^^^^

■f-t-t-l-T'

LESSON TWENIT-THBEE.

The movement exercise on the first line will be found excellent 10 develop the motion used in making lower loop letters. Start with the straight
line movement one large space high and gradually change to a slight rolling motion. Make the loop one and one half spaces below the line. In the ";'".
exercises, repeat the straight part of the loop six times before forming the loop. Notice the glide between the " fs"

/1A^_ ^u^ ^K ^K /nf /^niK ^iK ^iK ^^4^ ^iK "^if ^iK ynlK ^^^K //niK'

^^n^n^vy' /nsts^iA^isynA^ /nA^i4^i4^iA^ ^yn^^u^vj^ ^nA-n^n^i^

^jsvnAyison^e/iA^ ^u^o^Ayuyi^e^u^' ^o~-i/u4^yi^e/i4^ ^u^riytyuyi^o^i4^

LESSON TWENTY-FOUR

Practice the first exercise In lesson twenty-three. Notice the double turn in the first part of "y". and the length of the loop. Short loops make
better business writing than long loops. Practice this letter singly then in groups. Twenty "y'j" to the line. Watch the turns in the various letters.
Watcu the spacing between letters.

THE INSPIRATION OF WORK WELL DONE.

Did you ever notice how much better you feel after having
done a superb piece of work, how much more you think of
yourself, how it tones up your whole character? What a
thrill one feels when contemplating his masterpiece, the work
into which he has put the very best that was in him,
the very best of which he was capable! This all conies
from obeying the natural law within us to do things right,
as they should be done, just as we feel an increase of self-
respect when we obey the law of justice, of integrity within

There is everything in holding a high ideal of your work.
For whatever model the mind holds, the life copies What
we think, that we become. Never allow yourself Mr .m
instant to harbor the thought of deficiency, inferiority

A famous artist said he would never allow himself to look
at an inferior drawing or painting, to do anything th.it >us
low or demoralizing, lest familiarity with inferiority should
taint his own ideal and thus In- communicated t" In- brush.

Reach to the highest, cling to it. Take no chances with
anything that is inferior Whatever your vocation, let quali-
ty be your life-slogan.

♦ ♦ I
• ♦ * ♦ # •'<

■

Qllje iBuamrsH 3nurnal

rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

(^yL^m^ty cytt^ynus <^tPL^yyz^cy (^t^m^t/ cz^zl^kki^i/ cjytpun-

i^yL^is

<^^iyyi^yLy^KL-a^- (^t^yTn^^isc^ (^^l^o^la^t^^c^' (si^vu^nn_sL^i^i^

LESSON TWENTY-FIVE. ooptrioht ioob.

The top of "g" Is like the oval part of "a". Be sure to close the oval at the top. Practice singly then in groups. N'ak<- it I«ast

five letters before lifting the pen. Learn to write these words without lifting the pen until the word is completed. Make the letters stand out fron- each
other. Watch the " m's " and " n's ".

^B' TT T T

Tinmr ttuy nmnrr Tnw Trnrr i^nr irrm=>

.(^Z&AA^L^Ls <5yi5L^A/L~l/ CZ^&L4sts<Lt/ C^tPLyLd^l-Zy (^slsU/L^L/ CZ^ZsL^A/l^LS

LESSON TWENTY-SIX.

Cultivate the rolling motion as shown in the first exercise. Study the form of the letter in t
Form a little hook at the base line and add the loop. Avoid making too broad a turn in the top of
.the "z" to the "e" nicely.

scale. The top is just like the first stroke of "m ".
r", In writing "gauze", see if you can glide from

Many excuse poor, slipshod work on the plea of lack of
time. But in the ordinary situations of life, there is plenty
of time to do everything as it ought to be done, and if we
form the habit of excellence, of doing everything to a finish,
fit r lives would be infinitely more satisfactory, more complete;
there would be a wholeness instead of the incompleteness that
characterizes most lives.

There is an indescribable superiority added to the very
character and fibre of the man who always and everywhere
puts quality into his work.

There is a sense of wholeness, of satisfaction, of -happiness
in his life which is never felt by the man who does not do
his level best every time. He is not haunted by the ghosts
or tail-ends of half-finished tasks, of skipped problems; is not
ikept awake by a troubled conscience.

When we are striving for excellence in everything we do,

the whole life grows, improves. Everything looks up when
we struggle up ; everything looks down when we are going
down hill. Aspiration lifts the life; groveling lowers it.

It is never a merely optional question whether you do a
thing right or not, whether you half do it or do it to a finish,
there is an eternal principle involved, which, if you violate,
you pay the penalty in deterioration, in the lowering of your
standards, in the loss of self-respect, in diminished efficiency,
a dwarfed nature, a stunted, unsuccessful life.

Don't think you will never hear from a half-finished job,
a neglected or hutched piece of work. It will never die. It
will bob up farther along in your career at the most unex-
pected moments, in the most embarrassing situations. It
will be sure to mortify you when you least expect it. Like
Banquo's ghost, it will arise at the most unexpected mo-
ments to mar your happiness.

Orison Sweti Maiden in Busy Man's Magazine.

^KTle/no 5 +

*»«»«*«

3l|p iBusittfaa Journal

l •>

y//eM///f</ wst/yt r/ jf<t(/i//^'?i'/ffieL

^/iJte/tf&'efis yanf/s'/w Mtcretfa/ts, e-xa/runattws/^'feajid'

S(///r////tt/// /y Me.

Modern Diploma Design by
OUR GREAT BENEFACTORS.

No. 1. Charles Goohvear.

T is an assured fact that everyday contact with
an object has a tendency to blunt one's natural
curiosity as to its history. The rubber indus-
try, for instance, has grown to an immense
volume on account of the many and various pui-
poses to which this article is put, yet how few are ac-
quainted with the life story of Charles Goodyear, the man
who practically sacrificed the best part of his life that he
might succeed in his effort to devise some means whereby
india-rubber could be made more merchantable.

Goodyear was born in Philadelphia in 1800. As his
father was the proprietor of a prosperous business, Good-
year's early life was spent in comfortable surroundings.
However, his inventive genius was displayed even at that
time, as he perfected a valve used on a life preserver, but
as his means were ample for his needs, he gave the matter
no further thought and laid the invention aside. Then
came the panic of 1S34, which put an entirely different as-
pect on things. Goodyear's entire fortune was swept away,
and he found himself heavily in debt, and thus started a
struggle which lasted for many years and was crowded with
mental anguish.

Taking his perfected valve, he went to New York to place
his invention before the Roxbury Company, but on his ar-
rival lie found the Roxbury Company almost on the verge
of bankruptcy, and they told him that his article would be
of no practical use unless a new method of treating india-
rubber was discovered so that it would withstand varying
degrees of temperature. The thought preyed on Goodyear's
mind while he was returning to Philadelphia. Mis arrival
there was rather inauspicious, as he was arrested and thrown
into jail for debt. lie made good use of the three months
he spent in prison, however, by devoting every moment possi-
ble to studying the composition of india-rubber and carry-
ing nn a series of experiments.

Goodyear's first product was a pair of rubber boots, which
he made of a solution of rubber and alcohol, but the warm
rays of a summer sun blasted his hopes by reducing the
boots to a shapeless, sticky mass. His funds exhausted, he
sent his family to stay with relatives and then departed once

Jay^— ^^/SL

DeFelice, New York City.

more for New York. Friends in that city rallied to his
support, supplying him with funds and materials to carry on
his work. He succeeded in winning a medal from the Amer-
ican Institute for a rubber sheet which he produced, but tests
made later proved the sheet to be defective and of no value.
Goodyear then used sulphuric acid in an effort to harden the
rubber, and achieved better results. A factory was built to
manufacture articles out of the newly discovered composi-
tion, but again a panic reduced him to penury.

The multiplicity of misfortunes which had dogged his steps
was enough to have broken the spirit of any courageous man,
but Goodyear was not the one to cry "enough." His friends
thought he had become a monomaniac, and the story is told
that a stranger inquiring for him was informed: "If you
see a man with an india-rubber coat on, india-rubber shoes,
and an india-rubber cap, and in his pocket an india-rubber
purse with nothing in it, you will know it is Goodyear.''
Nothing daunted by his reverses, Goodyear entered the em-
ploy of the Roxbury Company, but his efforts were a fail-
ure, as a quantity of mail bags which he produced for the
Government would not bear up under the test to which they
were subjected.

His family suffering from hunger and without a farthing to
his name, Goodyear's plight was a pitiable one. Through a
blinding snowstorm he walked thirty miles seeking aid from
friends. Once more they came to his rescue — and then came
the great discovery. One day while patiently toiling away
in his workroom he accidentally dropped a solution of rubber
and sulphuric acid on a hot stove. Noticing the effect the
extreme heat produced, there instantly flashed across his
mind the correct method of vulcanizing .rubber, an article
now used for five hundred different purposes, the manu-
facture of which gives employment to seventy-five thousand
men.

Alter the heart-breaking experiences through which Good-
year passed, one would naturally suppose his reward would
have been commensurate with his efforts, but the latter years
of his life were embittered by having his copyrights in-
fringed upon. Costly lawsuits resulting therefrom were the
cause of his dying practically a poor man in 1860. Fame
and compensation, however, are not always measured by a
monetary standard, and Goodyear's name will be placed by
history in the category of public benefactors.

She Suainraa Journal

Flourishing.
Bv W. D. Sears.
The bird in this month's design is
similar to the one in the last issue, the
only material difference being in the
position of the lower wing. The scroll
may be outlined with a pointed pencil

and retraced after flourish is finished,
lip the pen up on the point and make
the flourishing strokes with a quick,
snappy movement. Note that there are
but few heavily shaded strokes. Do
not retouch your shaded strokes. Prac-
tice the design faithfully, and vou will
be surprised at the result of your efforts.

Social Centers.

After spending the day in the office,
it is only natural that young people seek
some form of amusement in the evening.
Where and how this diversion may be
supplied is a question that is now en-
gaging the attention of philanthropic
people throughout the United States. If
"a man is known by the company he
keeps," then of truth no person seeking
innocent amusement can afford to pat-
ronize a dance-hall or a moving picture
show that is n^t absolutely above sus-
picion.

The Russell Sage Foundation of New
V' >rk City is at present carrying on a
campaign to use the public schools a&
social centers. There is no good reason
why the schools should not be used for
such a purpose, for certainly no better
place could be selected, situated as they
are amidst clean surroundings. This so-
ciety has had a special motion picture
film prepared depicting a drama en-
titled "Charlie's Reform." The plot of
the play is as follows : Charlie, a young

r kkeeper and the only support of a

widowed mother, through associating
with evil companions, is dragged down
co a level with his associates. His in-
temperance results in the loss of his
position. One evening he wanders int'>
a social center in one of the city schools,
and thence starts his regeneration.

THE EXPRESS INQUEST.

For many years the late Thomas C. Piatt maintained in
the Senate a vigil against legislation bringing the express
companies under public regulation. To place the express com-
panies under the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, he contended, would be a crime against sacred
industrial initiative and would take from owners of property
the right to manage it. For many years the chief end of a
great political party of the Empire State, for which it was
organized and had its being, was to head off and squelch the
western Populists as often as they said the express com-
panies should be looked into.

But one day when Xew York's senior senator happened to
be absent regulation of express companies was slipped into
the law. There has been an investigation extending over
several months, and the public now knows why the companies
w.rr averse to regulation. It appears that the individual in-
itiative of the companies has been in the direction of extor-
tion and cheating and overcharging. Intrusive inspectors have
gone over books, and it has been established that constantly
the "mistake" was made of collecting for a package from
both consignor and consignee. One company has committed
as many as 2,988 overcharging errors in one day. It has
been a safe form of graft— when carried on with discretion.
Delicacy usually forbids the recipient of a present from in-
quiring whether the donor paid the charges or not. Of
course, the blind officers never knew of any of these tiling.
although, strange to say. they neglected to 'provide the most
ordinary precautions for the protection of customers. It has
been left ... the ignorant Interstate Commerce Commission
to devise a system of billing and receipting that will stop this
doubll I iiai !

Another curious thing in regard to the express companies
that the chief demand for the applica-
regulation has come not fro,,, tin- country but fro,,,
nol from the west hut fro,,, the east. The mem-
bers -I" the Merchants' Association of New York seem to

have been the most active Populists in the way of pushing
complaints and in insisting on new and lower rates. If rural
shippers were to ask a reduction of freight rates propor-
tionate to the reduction of parcel rates sought by these urban
shippers we would hear that the farmers had become con-
fiscators. — New York Globe, April 2, 1912.

mm/*' ■

*U*a 1 1-cr JT^ar 5urm

Sharif* fall

msmtiJ—

>'ratvk i: .^auahart

Lettering for Diplomas
By W E. Dunn, New York City.

LL£€/>T) o

Sty? IBusutPBS Journal

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OUR HUMAN MISFITS.
T was not until yesterday, geologically speaking,
that it dawned upon us that the Greatest Thing
in the World is Good, not evil. We don't more
than half believe it yet, in our heart of hearts.
Our real working creeds, whatever we may nom-
inally profess, rangi.- from

"Truth forever on the scaffold,
Wrong forever on the throne,"
0-od, and you'll be lonesome," We still sympa-
thize with Diogenes when he took a lantern to hunt for
an honest man at noonday. We echo the cynical creed
of King David. "All men are liars." as if it were gospel
truth, though the fad is that most men are automatically
ninety per cent truthful, and some average as high as
ninety-eight per cent. It would take superhuman in-
telligence tn invent a higher percentage of plausible fiction
than this. But that little two per cent of prevarication ir-
ritates us like a midge in the eye, and interests us so much
more than the ninety-eight per cent of monotonous, mechani-
cal, parrot-like re-echoing of dull facts known as truth-telling,
that we declare it to he the rule instead of the rare exception.
We have become so accustomed to sharpening our wits upon
lies, that we have forgotten they are only the dash of mustard
mi the cold mast beef of truth. The difference between the
most truthful and the most untruthful of men is merelj the
difference between ninety and ninety-eight per cent. Our
average output is at least fifty truths to one lie all day
long and every day of our lives — though we occasionally
wi >rk overtime or go fishing.

Nowhere is this perverse tendency to exaggerate
evil, this positive obsession, more strikingly shown than
in our attitude toward crime and defectiveness. The ob-
session is an astonishingly widespread and deep-rooted one.
( )ur senseless and brutal laws, our antediluvian police sys-
tems, our hide-bound courts, and the Hoggings and fetters
that, until within the last twenty-five years, disgraced our
insane asylums and our poorhouses — these are mere surface
symptoms of the terror-worship that permeates and taints
our whole systems of morality, of education, of business, of
politics.

It is abundantly attested by figures all over the civilized
world that nowhere, even in the best and most thoroughly
policed countries, is more than one individual in a thousand
ever in jail at any one time; that never more than one in
two thousand is even convicted of a minor offense in the
course of a lifetime; that of all the thousands upon thousands
of individuals and firms engaged in mercantile occupations
in these United States, not more than two per cent ever fail
in business in any census decennium, and of these two per
cent not more than five per cent fail bv reason of dishonesty
or dishonorable conduct. The ratio of criminality in business
is thus about one in .one thousand. Vet we still gravely teach
our children that any man will cheat you in business if you
mill give him a chance.

In spite of the fact that not more than one in twenty
thousand of them will ever become a murderer, not more
than one in two thousand a defaulter in business, not more
than one in one thousand of them ever go to jail for any
reason, we scold and lecture and harangue our innocent babes
on the terrible things that will happen to them from police-
men and jails and hangman if they do not obey our every
order and regard our most trivial and senseless rule of
conduct.

In spite of the fact that no data yet collected show a
higher occurrence of drunkards in any community than two
per thousand, we are ready to declare that drunkenness is
sapping the very fibre of the race and heading u~ swiftly
toward decay and insanity, totally blinding the fact that while
we have been hard drinkers for at least a thousand years
past, nine hundred and ninety-eight out of the thousand of
us are still sane.

Tin re is. of course, a germ of truth in all these delusions;
and the task <>) modern science n iv, is to winnow that germ
out of the bushels of chaff in which it has been buried',
and to deal with it as its real importance and perspective de-
mand.

The briefest glance at our criminal jurisprudence and police
administration shows that both were constructed on two
great fundamental principles; first, that every man would
become a criminal if he dared, unless restrained by force
or deterred by fear of punishment ; second, that all who
against the moral or penal law do so deliberately, voluntarily.
of their own free will, and with malice aforethought; in
other words, that they are responsible for everything that they
do, and must be punished accordingly.

Both of these fundamental positions the broad, humane
spirit of modern science and rationalism challenges as not
merely false, but as mischievous and inhuman. We have
been passing laws for the whole community that are applicable
to, and needed by, less than two per cent of it. We have been
punishing insane men for being crazy. We have been im-
prisoning and hanging me iody, in mind, and in
morals, for actions for which they were as little responsible
asthe typhoid-fever patient is for walking about in his de-
lirium. And we have been filling the mind of society with
terror and its heart with dread by pompously marching out
to war against the weakest and feeblest, the most stunted
and underfed one-fiftieth of our total population, as if society
were actually in fear of its very life and existence from a
handful of half-starved rats.

Isn't it time that we regained our senses and sat down quiet-
ly, rationally, and unafraid, to discuss the problem of our
two per cent of human misfits?

In the first place, let us find out what is the problem
before us. How many are our criminals? What sort of peo-
ple are they — plus or minus ''. "bromides" or "sulphites"?
men too strong to be controlled by society or too weak to
control themselves? Are they born or made? What environ-
ment encourages their development, and how can their birth
and making be prevented ?

To the first question answers both positive and cheering
are promptly forthcoming. Criminals and defectives are as-
tonishing few among us, and even more astonishingly fee-
ble. The crimes which society punishes so savagely are not
acts of bold rebellion against her laws, or splendid sins that
compel admiration by their virility, but petty, pitiably feeble
dodgings and evasions and cheatings by those who cann it win
according to the rules of the game, or are unable to play the
hands that have been dealt to them. The criminal is in no
sense a superman ; not even an incarnation of brute force
or a lawless, untamed savage, but a wretched, blear-eyed.
stunted, dull-witted creature, stumbling in his gait, and fumb-
ling and uncertain in his grip. A community of criminals
could no more support itself and survive than a community
of cretins.

Go to the rogues' gallery, go to the penitentiary and look
at him, and then ask yourself how in the name of all that is
rational did society ever come to dread this poor, half-baked,
half-witted creature, far more to be pited than hated?

In one sense, it is as absurd to speak of a criminal class
as of a blind class, a crippled class, or an insane class. The
criminal is a criminal for a reason, and usually a most obvious
and valid one. just as a blind man has cause to earn a stick
and a deaf man an ear-trumpet. Instead of his existence be-
ing something to marvel at. to make us despair of civiliza-
tion and blame the constitution of the universe, the real won-
der is that he occurs so seldom. Accidents will occur in every
enterprise, failures in every race and trade: and the criminal
and the defective are simply, so to speak, the inevitable ac-
cidents, the unavoidable percentage of misfits, which must
occur in even the most perfectly conducted and smoothest-
running world.

Is it any wonder that in the making of that exquisitely
balanced and wonderfully complicated machine which we call
the human being — body, mind, and soul— here and there one
should he turned out with a tlaw in its castings, with a twisl
in its transniis-ion, with a balance-wheel badly hung, or a
bearing ill fitted, or a leak in its cylinder, or a twist in the
spoke of us driving-wheel ?

We are even beginning to be able to construct a sort of
table of skewness for the probable percentage of defects in
the different cogs and wheels of our human machine; and
this curve of predictable deficiencies seems curiously uniform
ranging between one and rive per thousand of the total
product. Many of these percentages of failure are. of course
only in the nature of estimates, and the curies constructed
from them must In- simply provisional. But any of them
might he amplified five or even ten times without giving any
cause for scrimis alarm or u future of the

race. — Woods Hutchinson, in "Everybody's Magazine," Oc-
1911.

PINK WRAPPER

Did your Journal come In a PINK WRAPPER this month?
If bo. It Is to signify that your subscription has expired, and that
you should send us Immediately 75 cents for renewal, or Sl.00 If
for the News Edition, if you do not wish tn miss a single ropy.
This special wrapper las well as publishing the date of expiration
each month) is an additional cost to us: hut so many of our suh-
srrihers have asked to be kept informed concerning expiration.

i»"e feel that

expense is justified.

.....

ii>ljf Husmraa jluurnal

INITIATIVE, REFERENDUM AND RECALL.

OW that presidential year is with us again, ere
long the campaign orator in "thundering tones
that will echo down the walls of time'' will be
telling us to vote for his particular candidate or
the country will surely go to ruin. As each spell-
binder seems to deliver a pretty good argument, the voter
feels strongly tempted to change his party every time he
listens to one- who happens to differ in his views from the
one who preceded him.

During the nerve-racking period between June and No-
vember, the cry "Let the people rule" will resound from
Maine to California, and we shall hear a great deal about
the initiative, referendum and recall; hence it might be well
to give a little thought to these beforehand. This is not a
new form of legislation, nor is it an experiment. The Ini-
tiative and referendum have been in force in Switzerland for
over a half century, the recall following some time later.
South Dakota and Oregon have incorporated them in their
state laws, and they are also being used in municipal affairs
in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland and Seattle.

The purpose and operation of the initiative and referendum
have been explained in a very clear manner by the highest
court in Oregon, when during a trial the court said :

"By the adoption of the initiative and referendum into our
Constitution, the legislative department of the State is divided
into two separate and distinct lawmaking bodies. There re-
mains, however, as formerly, but one legislative department
of the State. It operates, it is true, differently than before —
one method by the enactment of laws directly through that
source of all legislative power, the people, and the other, as
formerly, by their representatives— but the change thus
wrought neither gives to nor takes from the legislative as-
sembly the power to enact or repeal any law, except in such
manner and to such extent as may therein be expressly stated.

* * The powers thus reserved to the people merely took
from the Legislature the exclusive right to enact laws, at the
same time leaving it a co-ordinate legislative body with them.
This dual system of making and unmaking laws has become
the settled policy of the State, and so recognized by de-
cisions upon the subject."

The initiative is a provision by which if a certain per
cent, of the registered voters of a state demand the enact-
ment of a certain law, it lies within their province to propose
the law and it is then incumbent upon the Legislature to con-
sider it and submit it to a referendum.

The referendum is to ascertain the feeling nf the public
toward a proposed law. The public may demand the referen-
dum not only on bills proposed by the initiative, but also
upon bills which have originated in the Legislature. The
referendum is at present used in many states when a proposed
bond issin in paj a public debt is under consideration, and
also in connection with Constitutional provisions, either
original or amendatory. An argument advanced by the pro-
of the referendum is that it facilitates legislation.
At the present time it is not possible to change the Con-
stitution nf some states without the matter having been
passed upon by two successive Legislatures and by a popular
I nioiients of the measure, on the other hand,
1 e referendum is now used to any great
extent the state legislatures shirk responsibility by having all
which they believe the public to he particularly in-
m submitted to popular vote \- th,- calling and
holding o, an electi >n entails a heavj expense, they claim the
Legislators permit bills to accumulate and then have them
all voted upon ;,, one special election. Now the voter does
not always have the tunc, or will not take it. to make a

thorough digest of the proposed bills, and casts his vote on
measures which he really is not competent to pass upon.

The recall utilizes the spirit of the referendum by applying
it to elective officials. If for any reason a certain percentage
of voters should consider an official incompetent, it is with-
in their power to have a special election held to name a
successor. If the accused official desires he may have his
name appear on the ballot, and should he receive a plurality
of votes cast he retains his seat; otherwise he is deposed.
As in the case of the referendum, the recall is a means of
facilitating legislation by ejecting an officeholder before his
term expires. This principal can be used to very good ad-
vantage in municipal affairs. The average voter of today
does not take enough interest in local elections until it is
too late, and as a result it oftentimes happens that men are
elected to high city offices who serve the interests of some
corporation rather than those of the private citizens. The
more enthusiastic supporters of the recall are now urging that
it apply to the judges of our courts, as they claim there are
those now being elevated to the bench who should not be
there. As the courts form the very foundation of our gov-
ernment, the application of the recall to judges is a matter
that requires much serious deliberation.

On the whole it would seem as though the initiative, refer-
endum and recall are in keeping with our popular form of
government. With these features in force the voter feels
that he has a more direct voice in framing the laws. The
history of American politics is a history of progression, and
has demonstrated the fact that that nation is most prosperous
and its citizens most contented whose form of government
is founded upon man's inherent right to aid in the formation
of the laws that are to be his guide.

LECTURES ON EFFICIENCY.

Twenty efficiency experts, who have wide experience in this
line, will lecture in a course on Business Efficiency, at West
Side Young Men's Christian Association, 57th Street & 8th
Avenue.

The class will meet every Friday night for ten weeks com-
mencing March 22nd. There will be two lectures each night
by efficiency experts.

The principles of efficiency will be applied in detail by the
various speakers covering the general business subjects of
factory, general administration, office management, sales, ad-
vertising, special problems, and also to the psychology of per-
sonal efficiency. The lectures will be illustrated with charts
and exhibits from practical working material.

J. George Frederick, the director of the series, vice-presi-
dent of the Business Course and a business writer, says that
the lectures will not be a eulogy of a popular movement,
but that at least two of the lectures will go expertly into
the current criticisms and objections to scientific management.

NEW WORLD'S RECORD IN DENVER.

Gordon Kerr, of the Denver National Bank broke the
world's record for listing 2.">o Burroughs contest checks in
a Bank Clerks' Contest held in Denver January 84th. Mr.
Kerr's time was 3 minutes, 33 4-5 seconds, which is l 3-5
seconds better than the previous world's record held by E.
S. Smith of the American Trust Company, St. Louis.

Mr. Kerr's performance not only won the contest, but won
for the Denver Xational Bank the silver loving cup offered
by the Burroughs Adding Machine Company, three years ago.
This is the third consecutive contest in which honors have
gone to the Denver National.

The contest was attended by prominent bank officials, and
there was keen rivalry among the operators to prevent the
Denver Xational from walking away with the cup. Four-
teen contestants entered.

-U/ry\ S-f-

uUjr- 2Juatn?aa Journal

Success Through Failure

"There is so much that is good in the worst of us,

And so much that is bad in the best of us,

It is not just fair for any of ui

To talk much about the rest of us."

Thus, without mentioning names, we state a general principle, the due consideration of which
will hestow just credit on him who has tried, but failed.

The hero who finally scales the wall and plants the banner of victory on the fortress of
the enemy, reaches that goal through the breach made by the sacrifice of a thousand men who
failed that he might succeed.

Similarly, a thousand authors, valiantly battling with man's chief enemy. Ignorance, have
fought their way to the front, only to fall in Waterloo's Great Ravine, while, profiting by their pros-
trate failures, the Cromwells of today are victoriously marching with banners trulv inscribed to
"Practical Education by Practical Methods."

No one man, or set of men, deserves the credit for the high degree of practical efficiency that
has been reached by the latest and best authors all along the line. But that is no excuse for ignor-
ing such educational victories, and going down to defeat with them that made those victories possible.

The Practical Text Book Company's new publications are improvements over all previous
books of their kind. Our older works are revised and re-revised from year to year. There is no
other way to keep in the front rank of the firing line.

Samples of any of our books are sent for examination on special terms. A momentary glance
will reveal some striking features; a more thorough examination will convince you of their practical
merit.

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid Avenue and 18th Street,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

r, by Mares. Cloth. Calendered paper.
. 221 different Typewriting machines
$2. 00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome. Cloth. 230 pp. 64
p. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shorthand discussed. $2.00.
ostpaid. In quantities, special rates.

The History of the Typewrit
114 pp. Cuts and illustratio
fully described and illustrated

Infiuc

lllu

Me
ated. "For

pei

,nal

iness, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

■ight, nine or ten hours a
14 pages. Heavy paper.

Parliamentary Law.
226 pages. Postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, by H. C. Bentley, C. P. A. Buckram.
J60 pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. $3.00 postpaid.

National Penmanship Compendium. Lessons by Leslie, Courtney,
Moore, Dakin and Dennis. Paper, stiff cover. For SelMnstruction or
Schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities, special rates. Stamps
taken.

Corporate Organization, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$3.00 postpaid.

The Every-Doy Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
cents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushing's Manual. The standard book
Should be in the hands of every man or won
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping.
and double entry bookkeeping. With all for
pp. Postpaid $1.75.

Gaskclls Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
3f Penmanship. G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

Ropp's New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1,500.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. 70 points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
fifty 2-ct. stamps; Pocket edition, twenty -live 2-ct. stamps.

Thompson's Modern Show Card Lettering, Designs, Etc. Buy it and
learn all pen-lettering, brush lettering, automatic pen-shading work, with
all designing. Up-to-date. Captivating, useful in business. Fifty 2-ct.
stamps.

Financing an Enterprise, by Francis Cooper. Buckram. 543 pages.
Two vols. How to finance and promote new or old businesses. Has
helped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 422
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 680
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual far Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

The Book of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid 10c.

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery, bv D. T. Ames. Its detection and illustration; 300-page
book, the standard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all
the Courts. Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Forty Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Albert S. Osborn. 525 pages. 200 illus-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers ot penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price,
$2.50.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. $3.75.

Courtney Method of Detecting Forgery and Raised Checks. Price,
$1.50.

uJljp HuBittPSH Journal

KEEPING FAITH WITH THE WORLD.
By Graham Hood.

Has it ever occurred to you that you are under contract to
perform a certain duty and to perform this duty in a certain
way? It is true that this contract was made without your
consent, but that does not relieve you of any responsibility in
the matter. The very fact that you are living puts you under
an obligation to occupy a definite place in the universe, and
omes a success or failure in exact proportion to the
degree that you make the best of your opportunities.

If you occupy a house you expect to pay rent. Once a
month, or at other times, the landlord comes to you with
his bill, and you know that you must settle with him or move
out of his house. Good work is the rent you are expected to
pay for the privilege of living. It .is a debt you owe to hu-
manity, and if you shirk this responsibility you must take a
place in the parasite class.

The question as to whether you are doing good work or not
is not a difficult one to answer. You know well enough how-
far short of the possible your daily stint falls. Of course
there are few— possiblj none of us— who do the best that is
in us all the time, and many never reach that standard, but
we know it far better than anybody else.

I'n fortunately it is not sufficient that we should "know"
these facts. It is easy to put the finger of criticism upon
weak spots, both in ourselves and in others, but it is quite
another thing to repair the weaknesses. This requires definite
effort— a determined desire to make more out of our oppor-
tunities—yet that is the very thing that is expected of us.
Unless we do this we cannot keep faith, either with ourselves
or with the world. The world expects us to give it our best
endeavor. It is our duty to humanity to help in straightening
out some of the tangles that confront us— and our failure
to hold up our end stamps us a bankrupt creditor— .me who is
unable to pay his way.

Frederick Webster has expressed this fact most clearly.
•'We are born to responsibilities," he said. "And try as we
will we cannot shirk them. Were each man to sweep in
front of his own door every street would be clean. Were
we all to fully fee] and realize our obligations and respon-
sibilities life would be much sweeter for many of us. Re-
sponsibility is merely a matter of keeping faith. And the
plea of ignorance never lessens it."

One great trouble with us is that we do not take time to
think about these things. If we gave more thought to these
conditions of life we should live differently— we could not
help living differently. Men as a rule are earned and hon-
est. They want to make the most of life and thej expeel
to pay their debts, litre is one responsibility, however, that
I— many of ,,s forget, and. forgetting it. we fail to' keep
faith with the world— New York Globe.

THE SALOON BAR.

A bar to hi aven, a door 10 hell—
W hi ii mt named it, named it well!
A bar to manliness and wealth.

■ i to want and broken health.
A bar to honor, pride and Fami
\ do ir to sin and grief and shame :
A bar to hope, a bar to prayer.
A door to darkness and despail .

A bai to i i id. us, ■fid in. .

A door to brawling, sens. 1, - strife;
A bai to .ill that's true and brave,
\ door to every drunkard's grave.

A bar to joy that home imp

A di or lo tears and aching hearts :
heaven, a d to hi 11

Whoever named it. named it well! — Sele

Complete Visible Writing

This . is . the great distinctive feature of the.
Model 10

C-y

Complete Visible Writing means not only

that the writing itself is visible, but that the
operating machinery which produces the writing
is also visible. Above all, it means that the
keyboard is completely visible.

Why ? Because it is the only typewriter
having a key for every character — hence the
character printed by each key is always
the same.

This distinctive feature has won for the
Smith Premier Typewriter an immense army
of loyal users.

;'i;!,l:,:-i;l.l1|,:,l1;! 'I ITN VI I'! ; i :';.i:i Mi ;i Tii'l i,!

Smith Premier Department

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated!

New York and Everywhere

► *♦♦♦" %

L£/€/>oo Z>-f-

Sbr 13u3tnr0a 3mtrnal

PURE FOOD RECEIVES SETBACK.
During the past year the subject of pure food ha- received
much publicity, due principally to the efforts of Dr. Wiley,
who recentlj tendered his resignation as head of the Bureau
of Chemistry at Washington. I)r. Wiley had been connected
wiili tin.- Department of Agriculture for twenty-nine years.
and took advantage of the opportunity to make an exhaustive
study of the effect on the human system of certain preser-
vatives used lis some manufacturers. Congress had been
importuned for over a quarter of a century before a pure
food law was finally passed. One pf the greatest force- in
securing its passage was the publication of what is known
as the Wiley "poison squad" experiments on a class of young
men volunteers. These experiments showed the harmful ef-
fects of various ingredients used to preserve f 1. yet in the

face of this evidence the impure fond manufacturers were
permitted to place their product on the market. In an inter-
view I )r. \\ iley has stated :

•'Interest after interest engaged in what the Bureau of
Chemistry found to be the manufacture of misbranded or
adulterated foods and drugs made an appeal to escape ap-
pearing in court to defend their practices. Various methods
were employed to secure this end, many of which were suc-
cessful.

"One by one I found that the activities pertaining to the
Bureau of Chemistrj were restricted and various forms of
manipulated food products were withdrawn from its con-
sideration and referred either to other bodies, not contem
plated bj the law, or directlj relieved from further control

"A few of the instances of this kind are well known. Among
these ma\ he mentioned the manufacture of so-called whiskej
from alcohol colors and flavors; the addition to food products
of benzoic acid and its -alts, of sulphurous acid and its salts.
of sulphate of copper, of saccharin and of alum; the man-
ufacture of so-called wines from pomace, chemicals and
colors; the floating of oysters, often in polluted waters, for
the purpose of making them lo,,k fatter and larger than they
reallj are for the purposes of sale: the selling of mouldy.
fermented, decomposed and misbranded grains; the offering
to the people of glucose under the name of 'corn syrup', thus
taking a name which rightfully belongs to another product
made directl} from Indian corn stalks

In view of the grcal g 1 accomplished by Dr. Wiley it

appears very strange that his work should have been so ham-
pered and hi- surroundings made so unpleasant that he was
virtually forced to resign. It is cheering news to note, how-
ever, that he is not through with the matter. In fact his

reply to the foes of pure food could not have been any clearer
or more forcible if he had used the word- .if the American
naval commander whi so badly damaged in an

engagement with a British man-of-war that be was asked
if he would surrender. Back came the stirring words; "1
have not yet begun to light." During the coming summer
Dr. Wiley will appear on if,- lecture platform, and will also

prepare editorials on the pure i 1 subject winch will appeal

in the magazine "Good Housekeeping". In speaking of his

future plan In has -aid: "1 pro] [i te the remainder

of my life, with such ability as I may have at my command
and with such opportunities as ma) arise, to the promotion

of the principles of civic righteousness and industrial in-
tegrity which underlie the food anil drugs act, in the hope
that ii may be administered in thi interest of the people at
i thai of a comparatively few mercenary man-
ufacturers and dealer-."

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

Some very artistic card writing reached us from W. H.
Moore. Menominee. Mich

C. .1 Gruenbaum, of Luna, i Ihio, sent The Journal some I '
cellently written ornamental can!- which show that he is
still doing his usual high grade work.

The automatic penwork executed in colors by X. C. Brew-
ster, Wellsboro, Pa, is evidence of the fact that he is very
skilful along this line of pen art.

W. A. Bode, of Fairhaven, Pa., favored us with a packet
of his cards which rank anion- the best.

D. E. Knowles, of Milton. ( >re.. can swing the ornamental
pen very successfully. He sent us the word "Spokane" writ-
ten in the shaded script style, and the specimen is a credit to
him.

Nicely written superscriptions have reached our desk from
Merritt Davis, Salem, Ore.; C E. Doner, Beverly, Mass ;
Charles Schovanek, Manchester, X. II.; W. E. Dennis. Brook-
lyn, X. Y.; X. S. Smith. Waco, Texas; W. .1. Elliott, Toronto,
Can.; C. J. Gruenbaum, Lima, i ihio ; J, D. Todd, ( hesterfield,
England; E. L. Brown, Rockland, Me.; W. A. Bod
haven, La.; W. II. Moure, Menominee, Mich.

ESTERBROOK

STEEL PENS

a cr

8IS

A STYLE FOR
EVERY WRITER

Fine Points,
Al, 128, 333, 818

At all Stationers.

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

Works: Camden, N. J. 95 John St., N. Y.

Beginning a thing i- easj : it's the
sticking to it that is difficult. The
test of character is the ability to go on
and finish. It is a rare virtue and a val-
uable one. For whatever you
yourself to do. there will surely come
a time of discouragement — whe
doubt if. after all. it is worth while.
Look out for that time when you are
tempted to look hack. It is there that
the danger lies. It does not matter what
your work is — earning a living or mak-
ing a home, or conquering a besetting
sin — the discouragement is bound to
come. Don't give wa> to it. Bi pre-
pared for it. and make up your mind
to keep mi just the same. — Progressive
Thought.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
stick ink — the kind that is pitchy black on
shades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea.
and is tar superior ;o Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz had a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this has
been placed in our hands for sale.

We onlv have on hand a few of the $4.00
sticks. These will be sold at $1.00 less than
the regular price until the supply is exhausted.

Enough in one large stick to last a lifetime.
Those interested -should order without delay.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg., New York City

Ransi
• Pens s
109 Minor Bide., karo i I '■:

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, New York City.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album Form
E. H. McGHEE box sei Trenton. N. J.

F. B. COURTNEY. Boi 129. Cedar Rapids. Iowa

Business Writing by C. C. Guyett, Buffalo. N. Y.

AMES & ROLLINSON COMPANY

nrni nMn r

liBTqaAHTfArmBtwretaST-rWiwei

203 Broad'.w New yOrk_. .

ahp tBumttfsa Journal

A recent photograph of the Bowling Green Business Universi

This Institution opens its Summer Training School for Commercial Teachers, July 2nd.
It has employed some of the best talent in the profession to assist the regular faculty.
THREE OF AMERICA'S GREATEST PENMEN ARE AMONG THE NUMBER. Write

Why Come to Rochester to Train for Commercial Teaching?

esented by capable and experienced special-

BECAUSE

th.nK

BECAUSE the whole range of commercial subjects can be c-vered in a compact
schedule, from the standpoint of the teacher, in one summer school term, and because
this school is the home of the famous Williams & Rogers commeicial texts, so widely
used in commercial courses everywhere.

BECAUSE Rochester is one of the important educational centers of the United States,
and combines the most delightful residential features with the progressive spirit of a
typical, live American City.

BECAUSE the diploma and recommendation of the Rochester Business Institute are
sure passports to excellent teaching positions, secured for graduates without charge.
BECAUSE all the courses a student can possibly cover can be taken for the one tuition
charge.

Send postal card for the 1 9 1 2 Summer School bulletin, which gioes the particulars.

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BEXXETT ACCOUXTAXCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Send for ntw catalogue of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Automatic Sign Pens. (Wholesale and Retail.) Over 50 different sizes and styles
in Marking, Shading, Plain, Special and Border Pens for all Practical Show Card
Work. Lettering, etc. The product of over
30 years' experience in this special line.
SPECIAL OFFER: 6 MARKING OR « AU-
TOMATIC SHADING PENS, with three colors
1 Doz. Sheets Cross Ruled Practice Paper, 1 Alphabet Compendium
No. 102. Containing full and complete instructions for the student and beginner, also 63
plates of neat and up-to-date Alphabets and Figures for the teacher in lettering, together with
necessary instructions for the Commercial Show Card Writer and Letterer. All Prepaid for
|175. New and Complete catalogue free.

Tub Newton Automatic Shadinc, Pen Co., Dept. I. Pontiac. Mich.. U. S. A.

doing ornamental writing to have a holder adapted to
above holder is hand-turned and adjusted, made of
elected rosewood or ebony, and cannot be made by an automatic lathe. LOOK FOR THE
BRAND. If your dealer cannot supply you, send to the designer and manufacturei.
12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c 8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North 5th Street, Quincy, 111.

Advertising Creates Values.

By Bert M. Moses, President Associa-
tion of American Advertisers.
I am writing this on a railroad train
that runs through a section where ad-
vertising has created wonderful things.
I see great factories where hundreds
of people are employed.

And I see little shacks of buildings
where the work is all done by the "boss"
and perhaps a boy helper.

The big factories turn out goods by
the carload.

From the little shacks the output is
insignificant

The great institution turns out more
finished product in an hour than the
little fellow can in a lifetime.

There is only one reason why a few
men thus succeed big and why so many
men fail, and that reason is this : The
few advertise and the many don't.

The one thing above all other things
that advertising does is to create values.
Take any worthy article of commerce
without a reputation and try to sell it,
and all you can get at best is a very,
very narrow margin of profit. Take
identically the same article, put it in a
package bearing a widely-advertised
name, and you will greatly increase the
value of it.

Mind you, the article isn't better, but
the advertising creates the impression
that it IS better.

Reversely, take an article from a
package that is widely known, put it in
a new package that is not known, and
you can hardly get a dealer to handle
it even on consignment.

There are really but two things that
are absolutely necessary to every ad-
vertising success, and those two things
are a worthy article and a man behind
the article whose faith in it is supreme.
No one can fail if those two essentials
are present.

A man with faith plus doesn't need
capital.

He doesn't need anything that his
faith will not supply.

You can no more stop such a man
than you can stop the formation of ice
at the poles.

Get the man and the article, and the
advertising will be forthcoming.

Xo article ought to be advertised un-
less certain merits can be truthfully
claimed for it that do not apply to all
similar articles.

It is not so very difficult to improve
upon or change anything so as to create
talking points.

It is easy to slightly change the
method of making or improve the qual-
itv of the ingredients that enter into the
finished article, so that superiority can
lie justly claimed.

Cnyhow, no man can have faith plus
unless he has something to sell that
justifies that faith.

There is one quality in every per-
manent success— and that one quality is
honesty. All honest men do not suc-
ceed on a big scale, but no one ever
built a business that endured without
practising honesty, whether as a matter
of morals or not.

I think the world now generally rec-
ognizes that the surest way to cheat
or deceive yourself is to cheat or de-
ceive some one else.

And I tell vou there is no feeling
that so completely electrifies you or
sends thrills of joy along the spine as

ing advertisements please mention The Business Journal.

©Ire tBushtrss Journal

nnbrdi'f^lt t jk linnopqrst

ItlsJ&UfiS.

1913.

Lettering by R. W. Overholser, Student of C. H. Haver field, Lima, Ohio,
Business College.

the feeling that you have succeeded by
giving people a fair and just run for
their money.

So here is the formula for success :

Honesty.

A good article.

A man with faith plus. — Xew York
Globe.

BE A BANKER

D Irix-mlc!

t-4^V of your lift. No matter where <
K^^^^ yur occupation we will teach
^^^W Splendid opportunities for stenographers and
^*™^ tiookktrpers — men or women The work is

c,„ r it pleasant, hours short, salary good. Endorsed

l" i '•> leadins (..inkers. Very low

President payments. Write today ior caralc

AMHKK'lV -., mini (IK Ht\l>IMi.

137 MrLrne ItldfT- (olun

in Business Writing, Ornamental Writ-
ing, Engrossing Script and Lettering.
Pen copies. Red ink criticisms. Easy
payments. Circular free. Address

PENS

Send to-day eight two-cent stamps for a se
t 36 assorted pens just suited for Busines
.'ruing. Address,

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL,
Tribune BIdg., New York City

AMARJLLO. TEXAS.

QJarnrqtr (Enllrgp.

HOME STUDY

COURSES TAUGHT BY MAIL

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100 branches from which to
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Thousands of students enrolled. Tuition only
$5.00 per year to first five students from each
post office. Typewriters rented and sold at
only $3.00 per month. This is your oppor-
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Shall we "do it now?" For "Special Tuition
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CARNEGIE COLLEGE. No. 26 D Street. Rogers. Ohio.

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M. lURI'tR

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advertisements please mention The Best

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The kind you are sore to ose
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At Dealers Generally.

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271 Ninth St, Brooklyn, N. Y.

QUESTION.— Have you ever seen a course
of lessons in business Writing that you con-
sidered logical and scientific in arrangement,
and presented a style of writing ideal in size,
slant and general appearance, and where
copies were alive, inspiring the student to use
a rhythmic motion as well as correct form?
Many big schools feel that they have found
such a course, and a sample copy of it will be
mailed to your address for 25 cents. Address,
C. S. RiiiiKKS. 1'nticipal Y. M. C. A. Ac-
countancy School. San l-'rancisco, California.

The Finest Cards

Written on white or colored cards
in plain, ornamental or script. Cir-
culars and price list free. Agents
wanted in commercial colleges and
high schools. Address

C. C. GUYETT,
2ns Ladner Ave. Buffalo. M. V.

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489— very soft

No. 490 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

'-JJ.7-

1 will .
lor 15 <

: CARDS

stents with each orde

blank cards Lrr.r,rjr

Hand cut. Come in 20 different colors. Sample 1M
postpaid, 15c 1.000 by express. 75c. Card Circular for

100 postpaid. 25c, I .ens for more. Ink. Glossy Black or
Very Best White. LSc per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c. Cillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per doz. Lessons in Card
Writing. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176, FAIR HAVEN. PA.

1 w.

TOURN

Slip lBuBtucBS Journal

Penmen and First-Class Commercial Teachers Wanted.

We have more than 100 vacancies for good commercial teachers.
.Must have more teachers. May we nominate YOU?

FREE REGISTRATION
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY, Bowling Green, Ky.

COMMERCIAL TEACHERS
lions makes this Bureau a

irwhere arc learning that its phenomenal success in filling posi-

\n"ER and a Specialisi in the Teachers' Agency field. Oldest

... manager. Operates locally and nationally. Direct recommenda-

PENN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, 205 F. 7th STREET, ALLENTOWN, PA.

1302 AUDITORIUM BUIL.DIN.G. CHICAGO

Some Significant Long Distance
Talking.

As news items, the long distance
talks of President Hadley from New
Haven to ' hicago, Hugh Chalmers from
Detroit to Boston and from a theatre in
W-w York to a theatre in Chicago, where
companies of "The Woman" were play-
ing, have lost interest, hut the New "i ork
Telephone Review for .March users them
to focus attention upon the extent to
which the lon» distance telephone is used

ni iwadaj s.

WANTED — Commercial teacl
east. Good positions
tablished 32 v

he pi

r fine positions in High Schools
ting our recommendation. No cha
Send complete particulars in your first letter. It
KEUCGGS TEACHERS' AGENCY, 31 Un

Square. Y. N.

, Positions for 1 1 7 Commercial Teachers To-day

lirlp you.

THE INSTRUCTORS* AGENCY, Marion.

Teachers'
Agency

447 South Second Street, Louisville, Kentucky

NO REGISTRATION FEE.

THE RUSH IS ON !

Good schools are activel;
seeking teachers for ne*

hi Is not alone upon your quali

u! . ting your ability. Many pron
inert a big measure of their sue
cess through us. We fill choice positions everywhere. Con
lideniia! service. No advance fee Write us promptly, sayin;
you arc available.

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,

ROBERT A. GRANT, Mgr. Webster Grove.. St. Louii, M<

PQSTJoW

COMMERCIAL
TEACHERS

SPecIalTY

Good
Hunting

More than a hundred I'm.' openings this morning,
March 30, earl) though it is. Thirty-five places in
p'rivate schools paying from $1200 to $1800; sixteen
from $1200 up. in colleges and high schools. Scores

of g 1 opportunities for well-prepared beginners and

those of g 1 ability hut limited experience. The varied experience of the

Manager of this Agency, as teacher, principal, editor, author, text-book sales
man. ami convention worker, phis his nationwide acquaintance and field ol
,n in hi. this Agency's name ami us exceptional success for man)
years in helping both mm ami women to climb high up the professional lad-
der, with con i ' No registration fee. No posit

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency, 27EB»KE^Tv1E°.dBEv"RTY"«Arss.

TIME TO GET READY FOR BUSINESS

■lit unt

1 th

■ 1 "',■'

<i I'i

,..'.11.

Mill K I SCl Is. Is til'

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU, Inc., Tribune Building, New York City.

"Good Te.cher, for Good Schools." Establi.hed 187

(', \Y. P"-t. of Battle Creek. Michi-
gan believes in brevity for the sake oi
saving nme. One evidence of this idea
is tin fact that a lar.se number of the
men in responsible positions with The
Postmn Cereal Company, Ltd.. have

names of one syllable. Those whose
names consist ^i more than one syllable
must submit to an inevitable shortening
for i lie sake of brevity. Short, snappj
names, easy to remember and pronounce
1 iwk, Hurt. Howe, Small. Hick-.
Green, Hall. Young, Huff. Bock ami
Gagi in- found up around the top oi
the pay-roll.

The Teacher— If we work upon mar-
hie, it will perish: if we work upon
hrass, time will efface it: if we rear
temples, they will crumble into dust; hut
if we work upon immortal SOuls, if we
imbue them with principles, with ths
m i feai of < rod and love of fellowmen,

we engrave on those tablets something

which will brighten all eternity.— Dan-
iel Webster.

He who knows that power is in the
soul, that he is weak only because he
has looked for good out of him and else-
where, and so perceiving throws him-
self unhesitatingly on this thought, in-
stantly rights himself, stands in the
correct position, commands his limbs,
work- miracle-: just a- a man who
stands on his feel is strongi r than a
man who stand- on his head. — Emerson.

WHY NOT GET THE BEST?

We re rive Hie best alls tot Commer I J and Shorthand
mberofpci

1 ■■" Inter-State Teachers' Agency. Pendleton. Oregon

We Recommend Good Teachers to Good
School.

We have Schools for Sale.---Baro.ains.
Give us a Trial. Registration is 1- ree.

LINK'S TEACHERS'

A. T. LINK, Mm.

AGENCY

BOISE. IDAHO

April 1, 1912. Since
January first, we have listed
175 calls for teachers.

Mote ate coming with every mail, and
we need many more good commercial
teachers at once This is four opportunity
-.-do not let it pass. A lett. t will biing
our booklets and blanks.

J. E. BOYD, Manager

720 Stewart Ave. Kansat City. Kam.

^■Jk/m 5^

ehc iihtsmcsa Journal

WANT "ADS"

WANTED Competent teacher of Isaac Pit-
man Shorthand for old established school ii
,h, state "i New [ersey, one having sum
cient knowledgi of I Iregg Shorthand to

ass p ' Address "I'." c o Isaai

Pitman & Sons, 8 Wesl 15th Street, New
York.

WANTED Intelligent boy, not over 18. with
talent for penmanship; familiar with Script,

Round Hand and Old English Text; to learn

', 1 prospects. Ap-

ph .■■ n handv, i iting and enclose -

of v.. in work with full particulars to V c ■

A FINE CHANCE

offer

i-like

jroung man between the ages of 23 and So a
splendid opportunity to gel into business foi
himself without having to invest any money.
1 have the business and the money, what 1
need is the right' num.

He musl be a New Yorker or one who has

resided there foi some time and has a g 1

acquaintance. He must have a g I educa-
tion, g 1 morals and habits, be strictly hon

est and not afraid to work. One v>
knowledge of Bookkeeping and writes
hand, or who has had some experience in
teaching in a Business College or in a Public

o] i'i ivate Scl I, prefi

The hnsiiu-ss : i it i i t-il to will require him
to be in Mew Vork

Until lime 15th, write me at Waco, Texas.
EDWARD TOBY, President,

Toby's Manufacturing Co. and

Toby's Business Colleges and Schools of

Corr< spondence.

FOE SALE Simplex Postage stamp affixing
machine, slightly used, cosl $25. Make offer
and will send on approval. Address,

R. RITTER,
161 \Y. 80th St., New York.

For Sale. Well
lege in live, growing, manufacturing city, and

g I farming community, within 50 miles of

Chicago. For particulars address "Educator,"
L036 La Salle Ave.. Chicago, 111.

FOR SALE A well established, flourishing
Busiiu ss Si aool in i it} ol 350,000 in one of
the northern Stales. Well located in new
building. Doing good business Satis
reasons of private nature for selling. Cor-
respondence confidential. Vddress Box 4 32,
c/o Business Journal.

FOREIGN COIN'S— A fine collection of 0
coins all from different countries mailed to you
for 25c. Michigan Coin Agency, Laurium,
Mich.

TEACHERS WANTED

At this time of the year we are anxious
to get in touch with young men and
women who teach the commercial
branches with ability and enthusiasm,
especially young men teachers of book-
keeping who are capable of developing
into managerial positions.

It is a splendid opportunity for the
right person and all you have to do to
get in touch with us is to write direct
to the Central Office,

BROWN'S BUSINESS COLLEGES
8th and Pine ST. LOUIS. MO.

NOTICE

Modern Business Attitude.
The true attitude of modern business
■ \\ presenti d in the A ew 1 o\ k
/.v ew Eor I ebruarj . Vn
editorial calling attention to articles in
this issue on "The Customer — how he
should be — and is not always— handled
by the representatives of modern cor-
porations,' bj Cromwell Childe, and
"Efficiencj in Supervision," bj I '
Michell, distinguishes between the public
in genera] and the public in its indivi-
dual parts, between the customers of a
big business taken in the aggregate and
each customer as a unit. The distinc-
tion i- not based primarily upon the
publii "i upon the customers with re
gard to their attitude towards the busi-
ness enterprise, but the editorial verj
properly directs its arguments tov
the class of employee within the business
organization itself who come in contact
h it h the customers.

For example, the editorial says:
"The average corporation may not rea-
lize it. but it actually is losing money

behind us counters It comes

from the fact that often too little at-
tention is paid to the type of men who
handle details and particularly
detail known in business pari in

i as 'the public.'" Again: "The
success of a business depends upon the
extent to which it can induce the pub-
lic to become its customer and its

ability to retain that patronag e

secured. This cannot be done by treat-
ing the customers as one unit, but only
as an aggregation of separate units —
each one upon his individual merits,
alniig well defined lines of policy and

practice."

Every customer should be treated as
if there were a competitor right around
the corner, to paraphrase President L;.
X. Bethell of the New York Telephone
< ompany, in a speech delivered some
tune ago.

An employee may either represent 01
misrepresent the corporation for which
he works. The responsibility for the
acts of the agent rests upon the prin-
cipal, and the principal is usually judged
in the minds of the public by the acts
of its representatives. Therefore, the
article in the New York Telephone Re-
view referred to. treats of principles
which are as old as the hills, but
be reiterated too often.

I . i. s
that the National I Busii

in, in.
int... in its objects, benefits

The Art of Business School
Soliciting

By Wm. G H
p

,;lis ..I I >.'. . i.i v years'
■a those
. boots.

boot pro-
...VI will

find tin- and stimulating

rflowing with truths of the

li is not a catch-penny

drawn out mail order scheme.

in every detail in one volume.

benefit by an

i: is the

the largest
Is in America,
.i national n putation. He lias ana ■

ih.it is born -a know li dge,

fail lo lie helpful lo .ii... .. I' -I oil.

I III 111 s|\| .ss, t, ,, |;\ \|.

i.i..;. i: iii. ling,

The moment you believe yourself to
be conquered you are conquered, even

though success is within your gl
of which means that no person and no
power can conquer a man: that he is
onlj conquered when he conquers him-
self. Strange, is it not, thai one's own
destinj should lie in his own hands, and
that no outside power can cheat him
it? — Unity.

Subscribe today for

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

An investment of $1 for The Journal will
pay you a good dividend.

RASMUSSEN

Practical Business School

St. Paul, Minn.
Walter Rasmussen, Proprietor.

Typewriting

ii 2 to |

months at Home. Explanatory I klet with

i ■ i r'om

IAMES WRIGH I .
i Avenue, North. Kirkcald;
land.

I am the "Lone Star" Card Specialist. Have

the most complete Mail C<
for the least money. Let
name artistically written
25c. Send 10c ft

S. and
lie prove it. Your
on 15 Cards for
pie Vi doz. and
Agent's outfit.
Box 1268
WACO.
TEXAS

Those who write well get the
We ca penman oi you in a few

. . - Send stamp - and a

i artist. IL Bl
t Cal.

^^^^^)

For OVER FIFTY YEARS have

maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
of writing and 2 good pen-holders
sent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents.

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New York.

eljr Susinrss Jtaurttal

'l OU want to get the very best results in

SHORTHAND

Investigate Barnes' Brief Course.

An up-to-date text embodying many new ideas.

Complete words and sentences are given on the
very first page.

Speed factors and actual speed training are

given in the first lesson.

A dictation course of business letters begins in
the second lesson.

Only permanent outlines are taught — no words
are given one way at the beginning and a different way
later on.

Technicalities and difficulties are so simplified that
they are readily understood.

1 eachers report "Better stenographers and in less
time."

Publish in both the BENN PITMAN and the
GRAHAM system.

SPECIAL OFFER:«A paper-bound copy of Brief Course

will be sent tree of charge to any shorthand teacher who desires to
become familiar with this unusual method of teaching shorthand.
Specify which system is desired--the Benn Pitman or Graham
---and please give name of school.

THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO.,

2201 Locust Street ST. LOUIS, MO

PUSH IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.

There are very few persons who have not faced moments
of indecision, moments which apparently possessed no spe-
cial significance, but which were really turning points in their
lives. Too often do we hear the regretful words, "If I had
only done this or that," or "If I had only taken the opposite
course, having reference to some occasion which required a
choice of action. It is not to be expected, of course, that
we can always do the right thing at just the right time; that
is a gift the possession of which falls to but few, and even
then its possibilities are not always fully appreciated. It has
been said that moments of indecision betray weakness of
character, that a strong man makes quick and wise decisions
and is never troubled with uncertainty of action. This may
be true, but only to a certain degree. It does not follow nec-
essarily that because a man sometimes hesitates as to just
what may be somewhat out of the ordinary he is possessed
of a vacillating character and poor judgment.

A little reflection helps materially in the solution of many
provoking problems which continually arise in our everyday
life, and it- naturally goes without saying that similar reflection
is a very necessary factor in solving the bigger and more im-
portant problems which sometimes confront us. The trouble
with some of us is, however, that we let our moments of
indecision lengthen into hours, and perhaps even into days.
until finally our •original understanding of the question at
■ louded by other phases which have had time
It is not necessary to act upon the spur of the mo-
ment in making our decisions; sometimes such action may
prove wholly acceptable, but it often develops that our course
of action could have been improved if we had given ourselves
time for reflection.

A push in tin- right direction, however, is worth more than
all the advice that could be given. Indeed, sometimes that

fact, it is what we really wish for. When we approach the
forks of the road and wonder which path to take, we would
be very grateful, indeed, if some one who is wiser and more
experienced than we are would give us a gentle push in the
right direction. We would take heart immediately, because
we would have the courage of our convictions, and no matter
what obstacles would be forthcoming or how rough and un-
even the road would be, we would have the fortitude to-
persevere simply because we knew we were right. Unfortu-
nately, however, a trusted adviser is not always at hand to
help us over our moments of indecision, and we must come
to our conclusions alone and unaided, and sometimes even
when there is one who can advise us to our advantage, we
are not always willing to accept such ad\ice, partly because
we prefer to make our own decisions and partly because
we do not recognize as such the help which is offered.

A push in the right direction may proceed from a variety
of sources. It is seldom, indeed, that a man comes behind us-
and, putting his hand squarely on our shoulders, shoves us-
in the right way. That, indeed, would be easy ; too easy, in
fact, because then the responsibility would be ours no longer.
Recognized opportunity gives us some of our best starts in
the right direction; ability is another help, while ambition,
experience, daring, perseverance, and many other like quali-
ties set our feet in the right path over and over again. Often
when we least expect it we are encouraged to take a step in
just exactly the opposite direction to which we have our faces
turned. It may be only a kindly word, or a good example,
or a suggestion, or something which meets our instant ap-
proval, but such as it is, it is sufficient to make us start anew
and this time with every assurance of success. Sometimes we
are attracted by something which has heretofore escaped our
attention, and we are moved to cultivate its acquaintance.

To do so requires the expenditure of a little effort on our
part, and before we know it we find ourselves pressing for-
ward eagerly along new lines of endeavor, which grow more
attractive the further we proceed, until at last we reach
our goal. There is a great deal more comfort to be derived
from the possession of a thing for which we have worked
than from that which comes to us without effort, and although
we may defer our endeavors, fearing the outcome, we learn
to our satisfaction that push in the right direction solves
many of our most annoying difficulties. When moments of
indecision come, and we feel incapable of deciding which way
to turn, it is good to heed the advice of those who are in
position to know, and good to profit by the experience of
others, or even to risk following paths which, though new
and strange, make their insistent appeal to us. Any of these
factors may prove to be the push in the right direction which
will lead to the fulfilment of our desires or even to undreamed
of success. — Charleston News and Courier.

Blackboard Writing by W. J. Slifer, Spalding Commercial

^■Jfe/no S-f~

% ♦ % % % ♦

uljr fBuaitirss Journal

Men Who Helped to Make America.

Stephen Girard, philanthropist, did
his share in building up the American
republic by his benefactions.

He was the son of a French mariner,
and was born near Bordeaux, May 24,
1750. Blindness in one eye brought upon
him the ridicule of his boyhood compan-
ions, and this, together with the un-
sympathetic treatment of a stepmother,
so embittered him that he ran away from
home and went to sea before he was
fourteen years old, with only sixpence
in his pockets.

At twenty-four he was captain of a
vessel in the West Indian trade. Later,
pursuing his calling between the Indies
and the North Atlantic States, during
the Revolution, the fortunes of war
drove him. into Delaware Bay, and this
accident led him to establish his home
in Philadelphia.

He became a grocer and wine bottler
in that city and lived there for sixty
years. He married a girl in humble
circumstances, who afterward became
insane. He provided for her and went
to sea again. On his return he had her
committed permanently to the Penn-
sylvania Hospital. She lived there for
twenty-five years.

In 1793 the yellow fever seized Phila-
delphia, and the prosperous citizens fled,
Girard and another wealth) Philadel-
phian Peter Helm, went into the over-
crowded hospital and performed heroic
services for the afflicted

During the troubulous times of the
War of 1812 he bought out the Bank of
the United State., transformed it into
the Girard Bank, a private institution,
and saved the credit of the countrj dur-
ing the entire war. But for him the
War of 1S12 could not have been carried
on. Upon his death, in December, 1831
his minutely recorded will, embracing
12,000 words, left noble gifts for the
founding and maintenance of Girard
College and bequests for many public
and private charities. — New York Tele-
gram.

The Transmission of News.

For many years a prominent news-
paper man, from reporter t" foreign

correspondent and afterwards editor.
S. M. Williams is now Manager of the
Press Service of the Western Union
Telegraph Company.

Recently Mr. Williams addressed the
New York Telephone Society on the
sugject of "The Transmission of News."
The New York Telephone Review is
printing the address in two parts, the
first of which appears in the March is-
sue.

Mr. Williams defines news in its sim-
plest terms as "What somebody else is
doing," ami lie sa\s: "The news appe-
tite is the only one which does nol suf-
fer from indigestion." Mr. Williams
then proceeds to trace the means em-
ployed from the earliest times in collect-
ing and disseminating news, and gives
credit to the telegraph and particularly
tn the telephone fur the tremendous
part they plav in modem journalism,
pointing out that without these means it
would be impossible to produce the
newspapers which appear throughout the
day from the time we sit down to our
breakfast table until we retire at night.
containing all the latest news of the en-

Coming Events Cast Their
Shadows Before Them'—

The Tremendous Advance
which has placed the

Underwood
Typewriter

So far in the lead — in this short time —
was made certain from the beginning by
its recognized superiority of construe-
tion over every other writing machine.

The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER CO.

I INCORPORATED)

Underwood Building New York

Branches in all Principal Cities

Preserve Famous Flags.

The patrotism of the members of
the House of Representatives was
aroused recently when the subject of

making an appropriation to conserve the
historical naval Hags of the nation was
up for consideration, and as a result a
measure was adopted authorizing that
thirty thousand dollars be set aside for
this purpose.

The Speaker's table was draped with
the battle flag which tlew from the mast-
head of Commodore Perry's flagship,
the " Lawrence," which was named aft-
er the famous Capt. John Lawrence.
The hoisting of this flag was the signal
for action at the battle of Lake Erie.
The flag measures eieht by ten feet. The
background is of solid blue, and written

of the dying Lawrence: "Don't give.
up the ship."

The collection comprises 136 flags, all
of which are of great historical value.
Included in the number are the flags of
the Spanish commanders Admiral Mont-
ejo, who was defeated by Dewey at Ma-
nila Bay, and Admiral Cervera at the
battle of Santiago.

The great task of restoring these
flags may be better understood when
it is estimated that the services of one.
hundred needle-women will be needed
for several months. It will require
twelve hundred yards of a fine grade of
Irish linen to make the backing for the
flags, and a special quality of silk wilt
be imported from France to attach the.
flags to the backing. When the task
is completed, the flags wil be placed on
exhibition at the Xaval Academy. An-

1-MMMMg

The recent consolidation of the sales forces in America
of the Remington, Smith Premier and Monarch Type-
writers is an event of the deepest importance to every
student and operator of the writing machine.

It means the consolidation of the stenographers'
Employment Departments of these three typewriters.
The result has been the creation of a new and greater
employment service— incomparably the greatest the type-
writer world has ever known.

This greater service means a far more comprehensive
service to stenographers— more positions to fill and more op-
portunities to fill them— and constitutes another reason why
the student should learn on one of these three machines.

nMAa

VISIBLE

WRITING

Remington Typewriter Company

i Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere

-teyrY) 5-f-

« t % » «

C^^Z r ^-vc ^

L1M3

•F

*W«MMP^aJ||

''(■

'">

Pi/ffL/5MED MONTHLY AT T/fE REGULAR ED/TfON 7S' A YEAN

TR/BUNE BU/LD/NC NEW YORM. NEWS ED/T/ONS/.OG A YEAR

e,tip ISuamras Journal

" The System that is
Free from Exceptions"

The Munson System of Shorthand,
A Shorter Course in Phonography,

By JAMES E. MUNSON, $1.25 net.

A new revised, thoroughly up-to-date edition, adapted
for the use of schools and self-instruction.
Other books by Mr. Munson :

The Art of Phonography

$2.00 NET

Munson's First Phonographic Reader

50 CENTS NET

Munson's Phonographic Dictation Book,
Business Correspondence,

50 CENTS NET

Indorsed by official and other Stenographers, Teachers
of Phonography and the Press.

Kimball's Commercial Arithmetic

Prepared for use in Normal, Commercial and High Schools

438 PAGES. $1.00 NET
Any of the above volumes will be gladly sent tor examination
to Instructors on request. Write for Catalogues.

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

2, 4 and 6 West 45th Street NEW YORK CITY

Teachers

Do You Want
More Salary?-

There is at present an imperative and constantly
growing demand for commercial teachers who can
teach GREGG SHORTHAND. The salaries are
larger than paid for other teaching service. Prepara-
tion is all that is needed.

From July 9th, to August 16th, the regular course
of instruction of Greeg School, Chicago, will be sup-
plemented by a Teachers' Course.

Special attention will be paid to methods of pre-
sentation, speed practice, blackboard drill, shorthand
penmanship, review work, and the correlation of sub-
jects.

The work will be in charge of experienced and
capable instructors who have formed the faculty of
Gregg School for many years.

Teachers' Certificates will be granted to those who
pass the required examination

The National Educational Association meets in

Chicago tl.is Summer. Why not arrange to make this

the most profitable Summer you have ever spent by

taking the course at Gregg School and attending the

of the X. E. A.?

If interested in the Teachers? Course, send for par-
ticulars and Gregg School prospectus.

GREGG SCHOOL

727 South Wabash Ave.

BENN PITMAN

PHONOGRAPHY.

THE STANDARD

SHORTHAND SYSTEM.

It Leads

In the Government Service.

In the Reporting of Law Courts.

In General Use in Business Offices.

In the Public High Schools.

In Private Commercial Schools.

In Parochial and Institutional Schools.

Publisht by

The Phonographic Institute Company,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Benn Pitman, Founder.

Jerome B. Howard, President.

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

Scientific Touch Typewriting will do this for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

The Folder System is designed especially for small
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
you have examined the National.

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

<. Horace G. Healey, Editor.

\Xk^r> 5-f-

(Elje iBusmrsa Journal

The Best Schools Teach
the Best System

ISAAC PITMAN SHORTHAND
AGAIN CHOSEN!

In preparation for the
occupation of the mag-
nificent group of build-
ings shown herewith,
the Board of Education
of Santa Monica, Cali-
fornia, recently selected
the Isaac Pitman Short-
hand for introduction
into the Commercial De-
partment of the newly
organized 'Polytechnic
High School which is
expected to be ready for
occupancv by Septem-
ber 1, 1912.

Santa Monica (Cal.) High School

This group of build-
ings is a fitting home
for the Isaac Pitman
system of shorthand
which has been adopted
after a long and not al-
together satisfactory ex-
perience with other sys-
tems of stenography.
"Course in Isaac Pitman
Shorthand" and "A
Practical Course in
Touch Typewriting," to-
gether with other Isaac
Pitman text and read-
ing books are used in
the Commercial Depart-
ment.

Send for particulars of a Free Correspondence Course for Teachers.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,

2 West 45th Street, New York

Supremacy Maintained

Exponents of "A Practical Course in Touch Typewriting"
Win Every Event in the New York City Typewriting Contests

MISS BESSIE FRIEDMAN RAISES THE NEW YORK CITY CHAMPIONSHIP RECORD
TO 106 NET WORDS A MINUTE.

In September, 1909, Miss Bessie Friedman, who was then but fourteen vears of age, began the
study of typewriting from Chas. E. Smith's "PRACTICAL COURSE IN TOUCH TYPEWRIT-
ING." On October 25, 1910, she took part in the World's Novice Championship held at Madison
Square Garden and succeeded in writing at the rate of 81 net words a minute for 15 minutes thus
beating the best previous World's Novice Record by 8 net words a minute. Then, on April 22,
1911, Miss Friedman won the Typewriting Championship of New York City, writing OVER 100
NET WORDS A MINUTE for 15 minutes. On April 20th last Miss Friedman again won the
New York City Championship, making a world's record of 106 NET WORDS A MINUTE.

NOW READY

Tenth Edition, entirely reset, revised and improved, and printed from new plates.

Stiff Paper Covers, 50c; cloth, 75c. Teachers' examination copy, postpaid, 34c. and 50c. respec-
tively. Mention school.

Adopted by the New York and Boston High Schools.
ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, - - - 2 West 45th Street, New York

ention The Business Journal.

ahr Susittrsa Journal

Campbell's Actual Accounting

Actual Business in the only Practical Way

Theory

The author be-
lieves in a thorough
equipment in
theory before the
student is intro-
duced to Actual
Business Instruc-
tion. The text is
most complete in
theoretical explan-
ation and illustra-
tion.

lczi||C^OI=)||C=]|

Practice

Actual Business
— without confu-
sion and without
restrictions — so
planned that no
two students can
have books alike
and no student
can obtain help
from any other.

|l=l|lC=30E=D||l=]|

(^Campbell's Actual Accounting reproduces in the school room as nearly as possible
the conditions which the student will encounter in real business. The students buy
and sell among themselves, with no specifications as to quantities to be bought or
sold and no restrictions with whom they shall deal. This freedom brings up new
problems with new interest every day, just as in actual business.

{L Every student from the very beginning finds Every Cash Balance and Every Trial
Balance, and carries with him into business a plan by which he can always find either,
in any set of books, without wasting a moment's time or an ounce of energy.

^Each student hands to the teacher with his work a positive proof of its accuracy,
which can be checked at a glance.

(Jj^The explanations and illustrations are so full and clear that Campbell's Actual
Accounting is more nearly self-teaching than any other text on the market. For the
teacher, it does away entirely with the drudgery heretofore regarded as an unavoid-
able accompaniment of instruction by actual business methods.

^Campbell's Actual Accounting presents actual business in a practical way, with a
minimum of labor to the teacher and a maximum of helpfulness to the student.

The Campbell Way is the Only Way

ORDER AN EXAMINATION SET TODAY AND SEE FOR YOURSELF

The Bobbs-Merrill Company

Publishers of Standard Texts in all Commercial Lines

INDIANAPOLIS :: INDIANA :: USA

Its pie

^■X/e/m 5-f-

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She Suainras Journal

(THE MOORE & MINER SERIES)

BOOKKEEPING

By GEORGE W. MINER,

Commercial Department, Westfield (Mats.) High School.

This is a new work based upon and growing out of the former text, "Accounting and Business
Practice, " by farm II. Moore and George W. Miner. The Bookkeeping is issued in four forms as
follows:

THE INTRODUCTORY COURSE Price !*0 .cuts

THE INTRODUCTORY AND INTERMEDIATE COURSE Just published, price $1.20

develops detailed applications to partnership and other accounts and the use <>t the special
column and subsidiary books. The introductory and more advanced business practice i> included.

THE COMPLETE COURSE offers, in addition to the material found in the Introductory and In-
termediate Course, further >vork in special accounts and their subdivisions; the use of the
special column and subsidiary books, together with an up-to-date manufacturing-corporation

set.

THE BANKING SET is publishe<

separate form. It comprises the best in modern banking

GINN AND COMPANY

Boston
Atlanta

New York
Dallas

Chicago

Columbus

London

San Francisco

Complete Visible
Writing

This is the great distinctive feature of the MODEL 10

®^f» cm^ •

Complete Visible Writing means not only that the writing itself is visible, but that the operating
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Why? Because it is the only typewriter having a key for every character — hence the character
printed by each key is always the same. This distinctive feature has won for the Smith Premier
Typewriter an immense army of loyal users.

Smith Premier Department

Remington Typewriter Company

Incorporated'
New York and Everywhere

pie

ahr HuButrsa Journal

A FEW REPRESENTATIVE OPINIONS of

Fritz & Eldridge's Expert Typewriting

W. D. ADERHOLD, Troy Business College, Troy, N. Y.:
We are pleased with the Fritz and Eldridge Expert Typewriting
and Business Forms. We think it superior to any other type-
writing book on the market.

F. G. NICHOLS, Director of Business Education, Depart-
ment of Public Instruction, Rochester, N. Y. : I consider the
Fritz and Eldridge Expert Typewriting the best book on the sub-
ject that has yet been produced. I like the short lesson fea-
ture and the plan of teaching, which includes the labor-saving
devices from the beginning. There are manv other good points
that are to be commended.

H. G. RANNEY, Principal. Stillman Business College. Dan-
bury, Conn.: Fritz and Eldridge's Expert Typewriting is a
winner. It is so good that I have deeded to introduce it.
You may therefore send me twenty-five copies of the text and
twenty-five packages of the business forms.

COIRT F. WOOD, Principal, Wood's Commercial College,
Washington. D. C: Fritz and Eldridge's Expert Typewriting
book is a "top notcher" for sure. I think you have reached the
goal at last.

ELIZABETH M. HTGHES, Instructor in Typewriting, High
School, New Haven, Conn.: I think the Fritc and Eldridge
Expert Typewriting gives promise of being the most satisfactory
typewriting instruction book that I have as yet come across, and
I have been for a long time diligently searching for one. If
this proves as good a thing as it appears at first glance, I shall
certainly try to get it adopted by our Board.

FLORENCE CALLAHAN. Instructor in Typewriting, East
Night High School, Cincinnati, Ohio: The more I read Fritz
and Eldridge's Expert Touch Typewriting book, the more it
appeals to me as an ideal typewriting instructor.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

IMPORTANT TO MUNSON TEACHERS AND LEARNERS!

HOW To MAKE A LIVING, likewise a new Munson reading book, 136 pages, postpaid 75

PRACTICAL PHONOGRAPHY, a complete text-book of Munson Phonography, simple, direct, and
eminently practical, 233 pages 100

A sample copy of any or all of the foregoing books will be sent to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, upon receipt of one-half the retail price.

SOME OF
THE OTHER

One Hundred Lessons in English

PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

$1.00

■ liar

ct the

rial

schools, and intended to provide students with those
essentials of practical English required in business
intercourse. Especially adapted to the teaching of
correspondence.

Packard's Progressive Business Prac-
tice, four numbers, each, - $0.30

The New Packard Commercial Arith-
metic .... $1.50

ized as the standard work on the subject.

The Packard Commercial Arithmetic,

School Edition - - $1.00

Packard's Short Course in Bookkeep-
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Packard's Advanced Course in Book-
keeping .... $1.25

Both remarkable for their clearness and practical
character.

Packard's Bank Bookkeeping'

A reliable exposition of banking as carried
the present day.

$1.25

LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO SCHOOLS
Any of the above books will be sent to teachers, for ex-
ination. upon very reasonable terms.
Correspondence invited.

S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

X/e^n S-f-

— : '

USINiSlOURBL

— rr — ! : : '■' ■.'.'- ™—™l-J .,: "■■■ ... ' *

■■X^r^S^p . ■ -^..Jt

36th Year

JUNE, 1912

No. 10

THE SPOKANE HIGH SCHOOL.

Gathering Place of the National Federation.

Lewis & Clark high school, where the Federation will hold
its business sessions, was formally dedicated at the four-
teenth annual meeting of the Inland Empire Teachers' As-
sociation, the first week in April, when 2.500 delegates from
Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana, were in attend-
ance. The principal speakers were Dr. G. Stanley Hall,
president of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. ; Dr. A. E.

system. The auditorium, with seating capacity for 1,500, is
lighted by large windows on all sides opening into court!,
alsc by four skylights. Xo artificial light will be needed
even in partly cloudy days. The cafeteria on the ground
floor will seat 600.

The walls of the building are of concrete, stone, brick and
terra cotta, laid in cement mortar. The floor, stairs, beams,
girders and roof are of steel and concrete reinforced and
the structure is pronounced fireproof. The mill work is of
white oak in natural finish. The school equipment in the
building cost about $40,000.

Winship, editor of The Journal of Education, Boston, and
Arthur H. Chamberlain, editor of The Sierra Educational
News and chairman of the International Committee of the
American School Peace League.

The school structure, which was completed at a cost of
$500,000, is 228 by 225 feet, four stories in height. The
style of architecture is Tudor-Gothic. There are live en-
trances. The auditorium is entered from the first floor by
doors leading into the corridors from three sides. There are
93 rooms, including library, laboratories and department of
domestic science.

The building is equipped with the most modern systems of
radiation, ventilation and lighting, also a complete vacuum

LOOK UP, LIFT UP.

The man who can sculpture a stumbling-block into a
stepping-stone has done more than most sculptors ever ac-
complish.

A few punctured tires on the financial automobile is no
valid reason why we should throw the entire machinery' on
the scrap heap.

There are more people dying for the lack of a kind word,
a pat on the back and a little encouragement, than there
are from disease.

A smile is potential, magnetic and dispels trouble.

The man who never makes any mistakes, never makes
anything else.

■

£ljp iBustnraa Somrtal

SPOKANE NOTES.
For those in New England, eastern .\\\v Jersey and New
York who plan to go to the Spokane Convention, a special
party has been made up to leave Boston. Saturday morning,

June 29, over the Grand Trunk Railroad by
NEW waj of Montreal. This party will be under

ENGLAND the leadership of E. E. Gaylord, of the Bever-
SPECIAL. ly, Mas-.. High School. Special Pullman cars

will be used, and the) will be side-tracked at
Niagara Falls on Sunday morning, June 30, most of the day
pent in Niagara Falls sight-seeing. In the afternoon
;rs will be attached to the regular Chicago tram.
reaching Chicago early Monday morning, July 1. giving the
day in The Wind) City for sight-seeing before joining the
Teachers' Spokane Club party on their special train which
will leave Chicago Monday evening. July 1. over the Chi-
cago & Northwestern Railway via Omaha, Denver. Salt Lake
City, and the Yellowstone National Park for Spokane.

The Eastern Lines have made a reduced round-trip rate
for the Spokane Convention, S'.iT.jO from Boston, with pro-
portionate reductions for places west of Boston. This

amounts to a round-trip rate of $32.50 between
REDUCED Chicago and Boston added to the regular ex-
RATES ON cursion rate of $65 from Chicago to the Coast
EASTERN and return. These Spokane tickets will be on
LINES. sale at the eastern offices only just in time to

make the through trip to Spokane without
stop-overs. In Boston they will be on sale July 8 and 9.
This will he more than a week too late for those who intend
to spend a week in the Yellowstone National Park on the
way. However, the annual convention of The Elks is to be
held in Chicago the first week in July, and on account of
this convention, the same reduced rates from eastern points
to Chicago and return as for Spokane may he obtained. The
date of the return limit on the ticket will be August 27.
Probably, to get such a ticket, however, will necessitate buy-
ing a new ticket from Chicago for that part of the round
crip, but there will be ample time in Chicago to arrange for
that part of the transportation. Those who start late enough
to take advantage of the through rate from eastern points
on account of the Spokane Convention can buy their tickets
through to the Coast and return, even though they are going
on the Teachers' Spokane Club special train, for their tickets
will be honored for transportation just the same on that train
as on any other.

Whether teachers go with the Spokane Club party, individ-
ually, or otherwise; whether they go by the Burlington, the
Northern Pacific, or the Chicago & Northwestern, Union

Pacific, and the Oregon Short Line, they
YELLOW- should not fail to visit the Yellowstone Na-
STONE tional Park. It will he of all the magnificent

PARK. sights the one monumental feature of this par-

ticular trip. It is quite cold in the high alti-
tude of the Park at night. It is common for ice to freeze
over standing water in July and August at night. Conse-
quently, some heavy clothing should be carried. It is
warm enough during the day; sometimes, too warm for com-
fort. For the long train ride both men and women would
be more at ease if they were to keep the cinders out of their
hair by wearing yachting caps or some form of easy outing
cap. While this vacation trip is to be a splendid one. no
person taking it for the first time should allow himself to
be hypnotized into thinking that it has not about it certain
elements of "roughing it." There will he plenty of cinders
and soot and alkali dust. There will he reasonable oppor-
tunities to use ale as a refreshment Adams ale, externally
applied,— but even so, there will he room enough for some
discomfort, and white starched clothing should he abjured as
far as possible for the train and the Park and tin other out-

ing features of the trip, where old clothing should he worn.
For the "functions." probably unescapable in Spokane, and
possibly in some other cities, a certain amount of formal
sun rial embellishment will be expected.

The Commercial teachers of Denver have organized tem-
porarily to gi\e the teachers arriving on the Teachers' Spokane
Club train a splendid reception with a tour of the city. The
Portland Commercial Club, in conjunction
RECEPTIONS with the commercial teachers there, has ar-
ranged a similar treat when the visiting
delegates reach The Rose City. Others of the Coast cities
are planning in like manner. This is to be a sort of profes-
sional family love feast.

Probably the greatest gun to he tired at the Convention
will he discharged by James J. Hill, the great railroad
builder of the Northwest and financier of New York, who
will give an address to the Convcn-
MISCELLANEOUS tion on the evening of July 18. It
is rumored, however, that there arc-
to be various and numerous examples of gastronomic ex-
travagance in the form of luncheons and banquets.

For definite information about various features of this
tour, those interested (teachers and their friends) should
write to President Morton MacCormac, Il'iis Fast Sixty-
third Street, Chicaro, 111.: to Mrs. A. E. Yerex, Marquette
Building, Chicago, regarding the special train for the Teach-
ers' Spokane Club ; to Secretary W. H. Shoemaker, 7470
Bond Avenue, Chicago, about joining the Club and getting
the benefit of the reduced rates made possible by the all-
expense-paid plan on which the Club will travel ; to E. E.
Gaylord, Beverly, Mass.. for information about the New
England special. Of course, for those who do not travel in
a party but who go singly, it will be important to make ad-
vance sleeping-car and hotel reservations along the route.

EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS IN JAPAN.

By J. S. Oxford. F'rina'pal P'almore Institute, Kobe, Japan.
HE school business in Japan is a big one and it
would require enough material to make a fair-
sized book to describe it fully. To begin with
the Japanese are great on Kindergartens. It is
astonishing the way they have adopted the Kin-
dergarten and made it their own. Japan is as full of chil-
dren as a bee hive is of bees, and the Kindergarten seems to
he specially adapted to the Japanese nature.

The government schools in Japan include eight years m
primary school, five years in middle or grammar school, four
years in high school and live years in the university. Also
commercial schools of the grammar and high school glades,
which include a thorough course in Commerce covering live
years.

As you see the entire course covers twenty-two years as
against sixteen in the United States. This fact is due to
their difficult language and the difference of plan upon which
their schools are conducted. But as to their commercial
schools; they are much more thorough than most of our
business schools at home.

Of course, in the United States students are supposed to
have had preparation elsewhere before entering the business
school, hut as a matter of fact that is usually not the case.
I am glad to say that I believe people are waking up to the
fact that it requires more thorough training than one can
get in the small business school in from three to six months,
to make a successful business man even on a small scale

The Higher Commercial Schools, which are four in num-
ber and one of which is in Kobe, are government schools,
and are open to graduates of the middle or grammar schools
and graduates of the lower commercial schools. And even
then they are subjected to a rigid examination before they

(Elje Husmraa Journal

are admitted. Failure to pass an examination during their
course of study means that they lose their scholarship — in
other words it means expulsion. These schools are well
equipped and their courses of study are thorough and com-
prehensive. In the school here at Kobe thej have a library
of 40,000 volumes, in a dozen or more languages, treating of
the world's commerce. Jn this school English, French, Span-
ish. Italian, Portugese, German, Russian, Chinese, and per-
haps other languages are taught — all by men wh ise mother
tongue was one of these languages. And the students study
them with a view to speaking them and not as most people
in the United States study German, French and Spanish.

In addition to the government schools there are six first-
class institutions of learning which were founded by mission-
aries and still maintained by various Mission Boards in the
United States. These schools are: The Doshisha (Univ.)
Kyoto; Kwansei Gakuin (Coll.), Kobe; Chinzed Gakuin
(Coll.), Nagasaki; Aoyama Gakuin (Coll.), Tokyo; Rykyo
(Univ.), Tokyo and Tohoku Gakuin (Coll ) Sendai. Al-
though the government has worked against these schools by
allowing their students none of the privileges accorded to
students of the government schools, they have grown to be
first-class universities and colleges, and are now being recog-
nized as such even by the Japanese government.

A word about the Palmore Institute. We have classes at
night only, and our work is conducted somewhat on the V. M.
C. A. plan. We have our own building, which is modern in
every respect. In the building are a library and reading
room and a game room — the game room being equipped with
billiards and other games.

Fnglish constitutes almost our entire course of study.
However, since my arrival 1 have taught some shorthand.
typewriting and penmanship. But, owing to the peculiarities
of their language and systems of writing — with a brush —
English shorthand is almost an impossibility for them ; type-
writing cannot be used in their own language, and modern
penmanship is useless to them unless they know enough Eng-
lish to write letters or keep I ks.

Even though the commercial schools give thorough courses
in commerce, shorthand, typewriting and penmanship are
very much neglected. As stated above, shorthand is almost
an impossibility for the Japanese, and even when typewriting
is studied, a student is provided with a poor machine of per-
haps a poorer make and left to himself to work it out. As
3 result, one sees men in offices operating typewriters for their
living with only one linger on each hand. And as to pen-
manship— they are left to write as the) please, with the re-
sult that many learn to draw their writing nicely, but with
neither position nor speed.

In the Palmore Institute we use Remington machines only
with blanked keyboards, and Smith's "Touch Typewriting."
In the Penmanship department the "Business Journal" is
taken as a basis for the work.

Vs a class, the Japanese don't care for penmanship, be-
cause it is so different from their own method of writing
However, those who have positions which make it necessary
to use foreign writing, take great interest in it and do tine
work. There seems to be a good deal of the artistic in the
life of most Japanese, and occasionally I run across one who
can write well the first time he tries. You know, even as a
n. itii in, the\ are line COpj ists.

Since I have gone from the Kindergartens through the
Colleges and universities and then on up to the penmanship
and typewriting departments of the Palmore Institute, per-
haps I would better stop. I can't help but feel sorry for
the editors and many readers of the Business Journal be-
cause the Pacific is between them and the beauties of Japan
at this particular time of the year. The Island Empire is
just now arrayed in all her glory, but long before this

reaches you the cherry blossoms will be a thing of the past.
However, if the editor or any of the readers will \isit Japan
next year during our spring vacation, the first week in April,
I will take them on some excursions and let them see for
once, at least, some of the real beauties of Xature.

WALLACE E. BARTHOLOMEW
York State Inspector of Commercial Education.
~ VLLACE E. BARTHOLOMEW, the subject of
this sketch, was born near Philadelphia, Penna.,
where he spent the earlj years of his life, secur-
ing his preliminary education in the local public
si hi " il

Having decided upon teaching as his profession, he en-
tered the Pennsylvania State Normal School at West Chester
and graduated with the class of 1896. Desiring to perfect
his education in mathematics, he entered Lehigh University
for special work in this department. While in the Normal
School he became interested in commercial education and
early reached a decision to abandon mathematics for this
field. The special training along tins line which he received
at the Normal School has been supplemented by work in the
Department of Commerce, Accounts and Finance of New
York University and the Universitj of Pittsburg

Upon the completion of his work at Lehigh University,
Mr Bartholomew tau ars in the public schools

of his hoine count} and then accepted a position as in-
structor in commercial subjects in the Philadelphia Business
College, where he remained until offered a position as Prin-
cipal '■< the Commercial Department of The Martin School
the leading schools of its kind in I'cnn-
s\ Ivania.

At the end of his third year in The Martin School he
gh school commercial work and accord-
ingly entered the competitivi a place on the
eligible list for appointment to the Pittsburg High Schools.

illxt iBusmpsa Journal

Winning a high place on the list he was offered a position
as Head of the Department of Office Practice in the Fifth
Ave. Commercial High School. At the close of his first
year in this position, Rochester, N. Y., offered him the Direc-
torship of the Commercial Departments of the East and
West High Schools of that city. Pittsburg school authorities
soon realized their error in permitting Mr. Bartholomew to
leave and the following year recalled him, at a large increase
in salary, to establish and conduct the Department of Local
Industries in the South Side High School. To establish such
a department in a city whose initial commerce, in tonnage,
is greater than that of New York, Chicago, and Boston com-
bined, required ability of a high order and the subsequent
success of the department revealed the unerring judgment of
the Pittsburg educational directors.

In June, 1911, the New York State Educational Depart-
ment, after a very careful canvass, offered Mr. Bartholomew
the position of Inspector of Commercial Education which he
accepted. His experience as a teacher in the Rochester High
Schools enabled him to take up the work of his office and
push it forward with little preliminary study of conditions.

Mr. Bartholomew is a man of particularly pleasing person-
ality, sound judgment, tact and skill in working with people.
He is rapidly winning an enviable place in the esteem and
confidence of the commercial teachers of New York State.
Progressiveness and efficiency characterize his administration
of the duties of his office.

We congratulate the State Department on its good fortune
in securing such a man for this important position, and we
also congratulate the commercial teachers of the state upon
having the work in which we are all so deeply interested,
placed in the hands of one who by natural endowment, educa-
tion, and experience is ^so eminently fitted to lead them in
their efforts to improve commercial education in the public
schools.

PINK WRAPPER

Did your Journal come In a PINK WRAPPER this month?
If ao. It la to signify that your subscription has expired, and that
yon ahonld aend ua immediately 75 cents for renewal, or $1.00 If
for the Newt Edition, If ynu do not wiah to miaa a ainele copy.
Thla apeeial wrapper (aa well aa publishing the date of expiration
each month) la an additional coat to ua; but ao many of our aub-
aeribere have aaked to be kept Informed concerning expiration,
wo feel that any expenae la justified.

PALLID PERCIVAL, ANGEL BOY, MAKES A
HOLE IN WALL STREET.

By Irvin- S. Cobb in Mew York World.

Ever and anon a piercing wail is emitted from the bosky
dell called Wall Street. There has come to one of our great
financial institutions the saddest thing that can happen down
in that shaded vale where grows the long green, pale yellow
verdure that springs from Uncle Sam's mint bed. A large
palpitating vacancy has been unexpectedly unearthed in the
midst of the cash on hand.

'Tis the cruellist shock that can possibly befall a bank with
eleven millions in assets, to learn that one of its employees
has created an aching void to the extent of about nine hun-
dred and seven dollars in the available funds. A death in
the President's family is nothing to it.

So when the directors meet to hold the Lodge of Sorrow
they nearly always make the astounding discovery that the
trusted clerk who is responsible for the hiatus was a faithful
member of Sunday school. In some quarters there is dis-
position to blame it on the Sunday school.

This is a grave error. The real fault lies with the banks
for not hiring youths who have been previously acclimated to
Broadway's fitful fevers. The temptations of this great city
are not especially dangerous except when taken in a lump.

Pallid Percival, the angel-boy of the business college, has
lovely prospects and a blameless past when he first gets the
job. Looking back on his life, he feels that he has cem-
mitted but one great crime, and that when he pulled the chair
out from under his little sister Evelyn. Yet he feels that he
has lived that down, because it happened when he was but
eight years old, going on nine, and he is now nearly twenty-
four. His idea of a really riotous evening, replete with in-
terest and fraught with importance, is taking the affirmative
on the question "Resolved, That Intemperance Has Caused
More Suffering Than War," at the debating club.

But one fatal night while he is speeding north upon Mr.
Belmont's elevated train, en route to the thrilling back-
gammon tournament up at the Bronx branch of the Y. M. C.
A., his mind is distracted from pleasant anticipations of an
exciting evening by the fact that many bright lights are burn-
ing along our main street, with an utter disregard to cost,
although it is already nearly 8:15 o'clock. On his way back
he stops off to investigate. Oh me! 't!s the beginning of the
start.

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ii\]t HSustnrsu Journal

Pallid Percy is soon to learn that e'en the throbbing metro-
polis yields many desirable agricultural products such as
peaches, grape-fruit and undomesticated oats. Also that if
he expects to harvest his share of the crop he'll have to hurry-
right along. That's where our hero begins to garner with
both hands.

The next time the Wednesday night Self-Help Society con-
venes a familiar form is missing from the front pew. There's
a gap in the circle where Angel-Face always sits. Dear me!
Can he be ailing?

Not so as to be apparent to the naked eye. At that mo-
ment Pallid Percival, better known along the G. W. W. as
the New Boy, is seated at Wrecker's gazing into the soulful
violet eyes of a winsome little keepsake from the chorus with
a barber-pole complexion and hair the color of the yolk of a
four-minute egg, and he is buying for her a few of those
trivial knick-knacks that cost $2.15 a halt portion.

About the same time his path is crossed, as they say in the
dream books, by a large, dark stranger in the nature of a
long shot. He makes the acquaintance of an expert who not
only knows the horses themselves but was likewise well ac-
quainted with their parents, calling them freely by name. By
such means Percy is brought to see that the vice of racing
has its redeeming side. In his lighter hours he begins to
talk like the second page of a live-stock journal. He ac-
quires the hateful cigarette habit and one of those fancy stop-
look-listen waistcoats just the same as the college chaps wear

At this juncture he finds a large working capital is needed.
Dainty Blanche St. Claire, the coryphee pet, is ofttimes hungry
and ever desires the more expressive tokens of edible re-
gard when eating. Also many horses seem to have a way of
running slow when one chances to be following them. Maybe
its because they're waiting for a fellow to catch up.

The boy financier knows the bank doesn't care anything
about money, because it is willing to pay him as much as
nine dollars a week salary, with clandestine dividends without
mentioning the matter to any one.

Some fine afternoon he starts up Broadway on a car and
gets off in Canada. Nothing is so calculated to arouse a
growing suspicion in the breast of a bank president as to
hear that one of his trusted young men has been sent to find
an address in Chambers street and turns up next morning at
Toronto still looking for it.

Then the discovery of the deep cavity in the gold reserve—

And the anguished shriek.

THE FUNNY PART :

We never stop to think that the Sunday school has nothing
to do with it.

THE MIND THAT WANDERS WASTES.

At the Very Foundation of Success is the Power to Keep
Your Mind and Thought Fixed.

Every one of us has realized the danger of letting the mind
wander and waste itself in a mass of things— none of them
never to be finished.

We all know that to go at one thing and keep at it is the
only way to succeed.

Life and its achievements arc made up of a constant fight-
ing against the temptations to wander and scatter It is only
by bringing ourselves back to the truth, violently and deter-
minedly, every little while that we can keep going ahead,
keep our footing mentally, and gradually gain ground, in-
stead of sliding back.

After thirty a majority of human beings go backward.
Man\ of them do not know it, fortunately for them, as it
spares useless suffering. Only a feu really make any prog-
ress after the thirtieth year is passed. With most men that
is the age when mental activity slackens, when ideas become
settled, petrified, no longer productive.

The few that mean to go ahead, that are determined to
make use of the real years of thinking which lie between
thirty and eighty, must keep at it themselves, whip themselves
mentally, as a cruel driver whips a tired horse, force them-
selves to constant effort by self-reproach and stern criticism.

We should often stop and ask ourselves:

How is my mind working? What am I doing with the
energy that my father and mother gave me? What use am I
making of the experience and the knowledge acquired thus
far in life'

\\ hat one big and important thing am I working at with all
of my powers?

Few of us can give any definite or satisfactory answer.
Most of us are forced to confess that we are drifting along,
like chips floating on a stream.

We are going as the others go, going the way the current
takes us. We flap our mental fins feebly, occasionally, to
make ourselves think we are swimming, but ninety-nine times
out of a hundred we are merely drifting.

Every man ought to say to himself— If you haven't any
real object in life, how can you ever attain any definite ob-
ject in life?

\ captain at sea without compass, chart or letter of in-
struction telling him where to go with his cargo or passengers
would be a comic sight. We would all laugh at such a cap-
tain.

But he would be no more ridiculous than a human being
out in the middle of the ocean of life with no definite plan.

Most of us are drifting derelicts. We say to ourselves
that some day we shall go somewhere. When the right mo-
ment arrives, we tell ourselves, we will do something.

But time goes by, it never stops — and the few days and
years of opportunity slip away. Each as it goes makes the
will a little less strong, each makes self-excuse more easy
through habit. By and by come age and then the end of life
—and one more "nobody in particular" is put back into the
ground whence he came.

Do something. Make up your mind that you will do some-
thing, not from personal, foolish vanity, but because you in-
tend to be worthy of the human race to which you belong:
you intend not to disgrace the men that have lived and
achieved here on earth before you.— From New York Evening
Journal.

The efficient business man is not the one who has never
made a mistake, but rather the one who has never made
the same mistake twice.

SIjp SuBtupsa Journal

DO YOU EARN YOUR LIVING?
Elbert Hubbard in New York American.

The man or woman who cannot earn an honest living is a
defective.

The college that teaches men and women how to add to
the wealth and happiness of the world, and how to make folks
useful, instead of ornamental, will be the college of the
future.

As a religious sect ministers, at best, to only a fraction of
the community, so does the education de luxe have its grave
limitations.

The great universities, ilke Oxford, Cambridge, Yale, Har-
vard and Princeton, grow up out of the divinity school which
follows the monastery.

The ideal was the ideal of a priest, and to a great degree
this conception still abides. The intent is not to fit the pupil
for the struggle of life, but to relieve him from it.

Any education that separates man from man is not wholly
good. College education has ruined a vast number of men.

All the great and fashionable universities are given over to
cigarettes, bromide and the devious ways of dalliance. Bod-
ily exercise is optional — there is athletics for the few. but
physical culture for those who need it most is carefully cut.

Walk out Riverside Drive and note how most of the Co-
lumbia students you meet are cigarettists !

These big universities are filled, for the most part, with
remittance men. If a boy is a burden at home, and has no
inclination to help his father in business, the lad is sent to
Harvard. This in the hope that a college degree will make
amends for lack of phosphorus. As people under suspicion
have been known to flash a marriage certificate, so does a
card of membership in a university club supply the social
benzoate of soda.

The college degree to-day is a social passport — it is no
proof of ability.

All of which does not apply to boys who work their way
through college — this is quite another matter.

The intent, say. of Tuskegee Institute is to show the youth
how to earn a living — to mind his own business, to be use-
ful to himself and others. Its aim is to evolve character, not
merely culcha. Hence the ban on booze, the taboo on to-
bacco and the lessons in such homely themes as moral in-
tegrity, manly abstinence, industry and a strict looking aftet
one person — and that the individual right under your own
hat.

To write poetry, play the piano, orate in orotund and ges-
ticulate in curves were folly, if the party cultivates the |>"kt r
face and does not pay his debts.

Artistic genius is no excuse to-day for not walking the
moral chalkline.

Ami yet we are not Puritans. We believe in all natural,
normal sports, and we love the laughter that has in it no
bitterness.

An ounce of competence is worth a pound of cleverness.

The college that makes its pupils immune from physical
work is fitting them for the.tobog

h maj not destroy all. but it will maim many.

Have wr not seen men with titles in front of their names

rees behind, who dived deep and soared high, and

: r? Tli.' world is full of educated

fools, and edu ir number anil

curtail their production were wise. We must not only teach

ity of labor, but live the li

The average millionaire has not had college advantages, and
so he is apt to indulge in the foolish fancy that he has lost
something out of his life. I nds I e< il b

. if he does not show much aptitude for
work.

The final choice of college is left to the mother and boy,
with the sisters as advisers. The advantage of social station
here comes in, and it's Cecil for the pedagogic polish and a
patent leather Princeton shine. This brand of youth may
possibly make a good head clerk, but very, very rarely does
he become a superintendent or general manager. The big
boys who run the railroads, banks, factories, grain elevators
and steamship lines are men who "never had a chance in
life."

College at its best is an artificial and unnatural scheme of
education. It may be a good make-believe, but it is not life

The nearer our schools approach life, the more useful they
are. There is great danger that a make-believe education
will evolve a make-believe man. The college of the future
will supply the opportunity, but the man will get his educa-
tion himself. And it will not be a surface shine. To earn
a living is quite as necessary as to parse the Greek verb and
wrestle with the ablative.

Some day no college will graduate a man or woman who
cannot at once earn a living.

To make good is better than to make an excuse.

The college and life must be one. Education will be in-
dustrial, and opportunities will be afforded so the youth will
get his living and his education at the same time. The col-
lege will then be a cross-section of life, not a papier-mache
imitation of it.

THE CITY " OF LONDON.

Only a Square Mile in Area, but Mightily Important.

To the reader of English history, kings and queens, peers
and parliament loom large ; but political London is really the
merest upstart beside commercial London. It came long
after trade was established and has always been kept out-
side commercial London proper, in Westminster.

If the American tourist happens to walk along Fleet Street
on a fortunate day he may witness the time-honored cere-
mony of the lord mayor meeting the king at the old site of
Temple Bar and escorting his majesty from the comparative-
ly new political London into that very old commercial London
which is known as "the city."

The city might be compared to the Wall Street district in
Xew York. It contains the banks, exchanges, and commer-
cial machinery of the British metropolis. The original settle-
ment of traders was made upon its site, and for long it wa>
a walled town. To-day. though but a square mile in area,
it is a county to itself, retains its own government of mer-
chants and has its ancient charters and privileges, granted by
a long succession of kings in return for loans of money.

If Wall Street were a self-governing district to itself, and
J. Pierpont Morgan were its mayor and lived in a mansion
opposite the Stock Exchange, and rode in a gilded coach, and
received the president of the United States at the Sub-
Treasury whenever our national executive found it necessarj
to enter Broad Street, we should have pretty nearly a coun-
terpart of that city of London which many tourists never dis-
tinguish from London proper, with its seven hundred square
i area. The king himself cannot enter the city offi-
cially without permission from the lord mayor of London;
but the lord mayor's authority extends only over the square
mile of tin- city. He is always a business man. elected by the
old merchants' guilds to serve a single year in his quaint
splendor. — Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post.

When the donkey saw a zebra
1 1. began to s« itch his tail.
"Well. I never." was his comment,
"Here's a mule that's been in jail."

Tksrri S-

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INTRODUCTORY COURSE.
By J. J. Bailey.

The fifteen plates in this issue complete this brief course
in rapid free arm business writing. If the ambitious learner
has obtained the impression that the work should be dons
rapidly, with the swing, that the line should be strong and
graceful, then the purpose of this course bas been served.
Four months is too short a time in which to acquire a rapid
business hand writing. Many people do not Income good
writers in that many years. Therefore. 1 urge upon every-
one the importance of continued practice.

THE WORK Fl IR JUNE.

Introductory Course.

\\ rek

of [une

3: Plates 1, 2, 3, 4.

Week

of June

10: Plates 5, 6, :. -

Week

of lime

IT: Plates 9, 10, 11, 12.

Week

of June

24: Plates 13, 14. 15.
1 NTERMEDIATE COURSE.

Week

of June

3: Plate 27.

We. k

of rune

10 : Plate 28.

Week

of [une

17: Plate 29

Week

of June

24 : Plate 30.

Budget for the Month: Two pages of each line in plate
fifteen of the Introductory Course.

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Plate 1 — One of the most beautiful letters of the capital alphabet is the D. This letter is readily joined in groups.
It is used very frequently in correspondence and should be mastered. Be careful not to make it too wide.

Plate 2 — The loop letters are very difficult to make. Endeavor to keep the loops uniform in height and width.
The Introductory drill given in this plate, if mastered, will make all the exercises much easier.

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Plate ■'• — The second part of the b is just like the v. As this part of the letter is usually made very poor, it will
pay to devote a great deal of time to it Make a full page of every word or group of letters.

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Plittc 4 — The last part of the h is just like the last part of the m. Therefore, to make sufficient preparation

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Plate 5— The T and F are two letters very similar, and practice on one assists in mastering the other. Make
at least one page of each letter separately and also of each word in which these letters are used. \\ atch very carefully
the spacing betwen the small letters in each word. Criticise your work continually.

Plate 6-A new family of letters consists of the P, B, and R. The important part of each one of these letters
is the introductory stroke which should be perfectly straight. The top of the P is about one-half the he.ght of the
letter. Make two pages of the last line in this plate.

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Plate 7— In making the B, one really makes two figures, the / and the 3. Endeavor to keep both parts of the
3 the same size. Make a page of each word and two pages of the last sentence. Also make a page of the movement
drill at the beginning of the first line.

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I— Make two pages of the indirect oval exercise, two pages of the R separately, two pages of each word.
Mid two pages of the last sentence. Watch the spacing betwen the letters and be sure to write with the swing.

Plate 9— The t. (I, ami />. make another group of letters that arc very similar. Practice a great deal on the

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Plate 10 — The form of the p given in this plate is very simple and eisily executed,
should be used a great deal as a movement drill.

It can be made rapidly and

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Plate 11 — The L, S, and G complete the critical study of both alphabets. These letters are grouped together
because they begin in the same way. The finishing downward stroke in each resembles the same stroke in the others.
The most difficult thing to do in making these letters is to keep the upper loop long enough.

Plate 12 — Many people claim that these are the most difficult letters of the entire alphabet to make. At any
rate they are made very poorly by most people. The most difficult thing about the letter G is to keep all strokes on the
same slant. Make two pages of every letter, word and sentence in both plates 11 and 12.

Plate 13 — A review of the capital alphabet made rap idly — at least two sets to the minute,
wants to learn will not cease practicing on this plate until he has made a thousand sets.

The one who really

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THE NATIONAL FEDERATION.
By Morton M \ccormai .

President National Commercial Teachers' Federation.

All eyes are turned westward. It is but a little while un-
til Jul> and on the loth thereof the National Commercial
Teachers' Federation meets in Spokane for its tilth Annual
Convocation. If time means anything this should be by far
the strongest and most effective session "i our experience for
we now have the combined results of the years gone by to
add to the momentum which has come through co-operation
to make of this meeting an influence for educational strength-
ening and uplift.

The question that now concerns me most is "are you go
ingf" I honestly and firmly believe that you should First,
.because it is a duty which you owe the Federation and be-
cause of business education in general. Second, it is a duty
that you owe yourself for it is only through co-operation
with such forces as will here gather that you can hope to
cope with the trend of the times. Xext. it will be a pleasure,
one of which you have possibly been denied and so great a
one that it is impossible for me to approach its description.
In going from your eastern, southern, or middle western
home to Spokane you are going into the heart of America,
you are taking up the slogan, "See America first." you arc-
going into Nature's most stupendous playground wdiere every
factor of His greatness shows itself. \\ hen you have feasted
on the mountains and valleys, on the rivulets and torrents,
when you have drunk in the ozone and the sunshine of those
splendid plains, you cannot but he better, stronger, and more
useful in your daily duty. So come, be a part with us.

Trains are leaving via the Rex Tour mi July 1st and 11th
ami the official train leaves on the glorious 4th of July from
Chicago and another via the Burlington and Northern Paci-
fic, on the 11th, which is the last date of the greatly reduced
fare. Of course I shall be pleased to have you accompany
me on that splendid trip which leaves Chicago on the 4th of
July but whether you can do that or not make up your mind
right now that you are going to go to Spokane and feel free
to write me at any time for any information that I may
give.

NEWS NOTES.

Through an oversight the name of Isaac Pitman & Sons
was not included in the list of exhibitors at the Albany con-
vention which was published in our May issue. This Corn-
pain showed a complete line of their books and supplies.

On a card received from A. P. Armstrong we note that
he has been elected county superintendent of schools at Port-
land, Oregon. We are always glad to hear of the success
attained by the members of the profession.

The Xcw England Association of Teachers College, Col-
umbia University, held its banquet in Boston, Mass., on
March 30th. A. 1:. Wraught, of the Pittsfield, Mass., High
School, is president of the Association.

D. L. Hunt, wdio has been associated with the Fan Claire,
Wis., Business College, is no longer with that school. Owing
to a change in the management, Mr. Hunt was advised
April 1st his services would be no longer required. We are
confident he will not have to look far for a location, as he
is thoroughly capable of tilling a difficult position.

In a letter requesting a copy of The Journal we are in-
formed by S. Cj. Boggs, manager, that the Hartington Busi-
ness and Normal College has been recently opened to the
public at Hartington, Nebr. Our best wishes go with the
new venture, and we trust it may enjoy a very large at-
tendance.

H. H. Stutsman, of Los Angeles, Cal., still takes a kindly
interest in the beautiful art, although be has passed the sixty-
ninth milestone. He writes us that he was married last
October and has just recently completed the building of
a beautiful home in Los Angeles.

C. C. Wiggins, formerly with the Pittston. Pa.. High
School, now has charge of the commercial department in
the Negaunee. Mich., High School. He writes he has eighty
students in his department, enjoys bis work very much,
and that he hopes to show splendid results by the end of the
school year.

The Rex Tours, of Chicago, 111, has favored this office
with a booklet describing the various ways of going to the
Spokane convention. It is very interesting, and those plan-
ning on attending the meeting would do well to request
Mrs. Yerex to mail them a copy.

Exhibit of the L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter Company at the

Slip Hubuwbb Journal

The Coleman National Business College, of Newark, N.
J., is doing its share in giving publicity to the industrial expo-
sition to be held in Newark, May 13th to 2Jth, as the letters
sent out by that school have a lithograph appearing on the
envelope relative to the exposition.

L. J. Egleston, principal of the Rutland. Vt., Business Col-
lege for the past 18 years, has decided to take a. complete rest
from active school duties for a time, so has leased his
school to F. E. Mitchell, a commercial teacher of wide ex-
perience. Mr. Mitchell is at present at the head of the com-
mercial department of the Rutland public schools, but will
assume charge of his new venture July 1st, and plans to con-
duct a five weeks' Summer session along special lines. The
Rutland Business College was organized in 1889, and the
attendance the past year has been the largest in the history
of the school. The school has an equipment of nearly 40
visible machines and has always been very successful in
placing its graduates.

The Martin School, Pittsburg, Pa., is now under the con-
trol of J. P. McConahey, who was formerly associated with
that institution. Mr McConahey has been conducting the
Pittsburg Shorthand School, and two of his teachers, the
Misses Halferty and Farris, are with him at the Martin
School.

The Ovens School, Pottsville, Pa., which was recently pur-
chased by A. F. Wallace, of Worcester, Mass., will in future
be known as The Ovens- Wallace School. Mr. Wallace has
had over twenty years teaching experience, and it well quali-
fied to maintain the high standard of work that has featured
this school in the past. Mr. Ovens, the retiring proprietor,
after enjoying a well-earned vacation, will enter into an-
other line of business. The best wishes of the many friends
of both Mr. Wallace and Mr. Ovens will follow them in the
new duties they assume.

James S. Oxford, of Kobe, Japan, advises that he has been
appointed principal of the Palmore Institute at Kobe. The
school has an attendance of 530 with a teaching force
of 12. Mr. Oxford well deserves the honor that has been
conferred upon him, as he .has worked exceedingly hard
since leaving the United States. The Journal office was
favored with a picture of Mt. Fuji, which Mr. Oxford
states is the most painted and most photographed mountain
in the world

J. H. Bachtenkircher, supervisor of writing in the La-
Fayette, Ind., public schools, has not been successful in hid-
ing his light under a bushel, we note, as the Union City, Ind.,
Times gives a writeup of a lecture delivered by him before
the teachers of the Union City public school. Last Septem-
ber Mr. Bachtenkircher was engaged to aid in introducing
arm movement writing in the latter school, and the local
paper speaks very highly of his efforts. Specimens of writ-
ing by the students were handed Mr. Bachtenkircher in
September, and he offered prizes for the ones showing the
most improvement by February 1-t. He complimented both
the students and teachers on the progress that was made.

Ralph O. Wiggins, formerly of Valhalla, N. Y., is now
located at Montpelier. Yt.

James Maher, who has been connected with Duff's Col-
lege, McKeesport, Pa., has been obliged to give up his duties
on account of ill health, and is now rusticating in the vicinity
of Kokomo, Ind.

Erfie M. Home, formerly with King's Business College,
Raleigh, N. C, is now associated with the Miller School,
Xew York City

Rene Guillard, of San Francisco, Cal., has been engaged
by the Englewood Business College, Chicago, III , to teach
penmanship.

W E. Fairman has accepted a position with Wood's School,
New York City.

Nettie O. London, now connected with the New South
College, Beaumont, Tex., will on September 1st take a posi-
tion in the Huron College, Huron, S. D.

C. F. Nesse, who has been connected with Heald's Bu-i-
ness College, Reno, New, is now located at Heald's Busi-
ness College, Chico, Cal.

Extensive arrangements are being made by the Spokane
Chamber of Commerce through its convention and enter-
tainment committees, headed by E. F. Waggoner and W. S.
McCrea, respectively, for the reception and entertainment
of officers and delegates of the National Federation of Com-
mercial Teachers' Association, which will meet in the metro-
polis of the Inland Empire of the Pacific Northwest, July
15 to 19.

The tentative program includes receptions in honor of the
executive officers, delegates and visitors, also a series of
luncheons, banquets and theater parties and automobile trips
to nearby lakes, river and forest resorts, also a tour through
the Spokane valley. The business district will be decorated
with American flags and bunting and shields of the 48 states,
and more than 20,000 colored electric globes. The clubs and
rooms of the chamber of commerce and allied organizations
will be open to the visitors, who will be presented the free-
dom of the city by Mayor William J. Hindley.

Miss Kathleen Clarke, of North Adams, Mass., has been
engaged for the new school year to teach commercial
branches in the Connecticut Business College, Middletown,
Conn.

A. T. Doughty, the principal of Merrill College, Port
Chester, N. Y.. will have charge of the commercial work of
Troy Conference Acaderfiy. Poultney, Yt., next year.

Martin Grove, of the Harrisburg, Pa., High School, is the
new commercial teacher in the Passaic, N. J., High School,
following K. C. Articles, who went to the Brookline, Mass..
High School.

Fred Berkman, this year with the Lincoln, Neb., Business
College, will next year have charge of the shorthand depart-
ment of the Northwestern Business College, Spokane, Wash.
W. E. Ingersoll, who has had that position for some years, is
going into business.

Charles T. Piatt, a widely-known shorthand teacher re-
cently with the Newark. N. J., Business College, has engaged
with the Winter Hill Business College, Somerville, Mass.

H. F. Robey, formerly with the Bradford, Pa., Business
College, is now with the Miller School, New York City.

Miss Elsie Austin, of the Cedar Rapids. Iowa, Business
College, is the new teacher in the Little Falls, Minn., Busi-
ness College.

R. M. Westover. now teaching in the San Bernardino,
Calif., High School, will be the commercial teacher next
year in the Isaac-Woodburv Business College, Los Angeles.

A. E. Caskey, a well-known eastern commercial teacher, is
with the Philadelphia Business College, Philadelphia, Pa.

L. P. Symmes will lie the new assistant in the commercial
department of tin- Winthrop, Mas-.. High School next year.

Louis M. Crandall. now with Colby Academy. New Lon-
don, N. H.. has engaged to do the field work next year for
the Rhode I -land Commercial School. Providence, R. 1

WRITING SUPPLIES.

The Journal will fill orders for the following supplies on
receipt of the price in postage stamps:

Soennecken Breed Pointed Pens for Text Lettering, set of 11. 26c.

Double Holder for Soennecken Pens. Holds two pens at one time,
10c.

C
ore

French India Ink. 1 bottle by mail, 50c; 1 dozen, by express, $5 00.

Giiiott's No. 1 Principality Pens, one gross, $1.00.

Gillotfs 604 E. F. Pens, one gross, 76c.

Sptncerian No. 3 Commercial, 10c a dozen, $1.00 a gross. '

Sptncerian No. 2 Counting House, 10c a dozen, $1.00 a gross.

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Commercial Designing for Diploma Purposes. By F. W. Martin, Boston, Mass.

BUSINESS EFFICIENCY AS APPLIED TO BUSI-
NESS TEACHING.
By Homer S. Pace.

N training students for commercial pursuits, we
have as an object the preparation of the indivi-
dual for active business in so far as it can be
brought about by school work. This is done by
means of a working organization, which may be
.1 department of a university or college, a part of the public
school system, or a private school. In any case, certain
capital will he required to supply equipment and facilities and
a full measure of efficiency can be secured only when ade-
quate physical facilities are provided.

The work will ordinarily be carried i in in departments,
each under the direction of a principal. The co-operation
necessary extends not alone to the teaching organization, but
to the education that is imparted in the school departments.
The student must receive educational training that consis-
tentlv develops principles and practice ; and a co-education
with what has gone before, is essential.

The direct control of the teaching procedures is secured
by educational supervision in the manner that has already
been stated. The initiative and individuality of the teacher
must never be disturbed by means of educational super-
vision, and the latter should extend only to such things as are
basic, and which, in view of the general policy of the school,
cannot be changed. Thus, in case the students are of mature
age, the psychological condition differs from the one found
when students are younger. The mind of such a mature
student is seamed with prior impressions to such an extent
that the ordinary class method, by which a reaction is gained

by an occasional question, does not produce satisfactory re-
sults. On the contrary, to overcome such a mental condition,
it is necessary, at least during the major part of the course of
study, to place each student upon a written test after each
lesson. In this way, by the added thinking and writing that
is required, the previous impression is overcome and the new
principle is implanted successfully. In a teaching proposition,
where this peculiar condition exists, the teacher seldom has
the time or opportunity to work out such fundamental mat-
ters and he should not be allowed to experiment. He should
be told to do his work in a certain definite way so as to con-
form to these basic requirements.

Many things are capable of being expressed in this way.
The experienced principal has a great stock of experience at
command and knows that certain things in his particular line
of teaching will produce and certain other things will not
produce. A young teacher does not ordinarily receive the
full benefit of such experience unless there is a definite and
determined effort made to reduce such matters to the basis
of educational supervision. I will not spend time in elaborat-
ing a principle, the application of which is obviously so nec-
essary and so fruitful in results.

There is a great secondary benefit in a definite scheme of
educational supervision. The organization is strengthened
and promotion from one grade to the other rendered easier,
and more certain. If the duties of each position are definite-
ly stated, the subordinate to such a position can be supplied
with the instructions that apply thereto and be trained for
the work to some extent before his services are actually re-
quired. In this way, instead of securing new assistants in
the open market prices, the organization is operating within
itself a training school which has a direct and beneficial bear-

Slif Suainraa Journal

ing upon tin- financial cost of the services and the quality of
the services given.

In manufacturing we time the motions of an efficient work-
man to determine a measure against which the results of
the work of other men may be compared. A basis is es-
tablished and furnishes a goal to which other workmen may
be coaxed or pushed, as the case may require. We call this
the Determination of the Reasonable Return, and in educa-
tional work where the effort is expended upon human be-
ings, who are not capable of being measured and inspected
perfectly, we are confronted with a considerable problem
in getting an ideal accomplishment against which compari-
sons may be made. The usual methods, such as examina-
tions and quizzes, that affect the individual, 1 will not dwell
upon, as I wish to speak upon a broader phase of the sub-
ject.

For the broad view we must make a survey as broad as
commerce itself in order to determine the theoretical equip-
ment that is likely to prove of the greatest value. When the
ideal is thus determined, it is necessary to strive for that
ideal, and make such tests as we can to determine our ap-
proach to the ideal.

For the moment, perhaps, I may digress from a presenta-
tion of dry scientific principles and give you the benefit of
my own survey, which perhaps has been more elaborate than
would be practicable for many of you to make.

The primary object of commercial organization is the pro-
duction of wealth, and the success or non-success, of a com-
mercial enterprise is measured by its ability not alone to
maintain its capital, but its ability to increase that capital so
that the excess may be enjoyed and used by the owners. This
pro i has been going on constantly, and we have in the
world a vast stock of the material things that satisfy the
needs and desires of mankind. Capital and Labor are both
necessary to maintain and increase this stock and the obser-
vance of certain rules or principles aid in this process.

These principles and laws constitute the science known as
Economics, and the person who expects to engage in any of
the commercial processes, whether the production of raw
material, in manufacture, or in the distribution of the arti-
cles, or who expects to engage in any of the auxiliary pro-
cesses, such as banking or transportation, is working under a
great disadvantage if he does not lay hold of the principles
that are easily within his grasp.

The great fund or accumulation of assets is divided and
subdivided by the individual right of property, which our

g 1 friend Blackstone describes as "that sole and despotic

dominion which one man claims and exercises over the en-
ternal things of the world, in total exclusion of every other
individual." Thus, your particular right of property may
consist of a house and lot, of the furniture therein, of a
hor^o and a buggy, and one hundred dollars in gold. It is
necessary, we believe, to grant the right of property as a
stimulant to the production and conservation of wealth. The
i property is a legal right, safeguarded by rules of ac-
tion which we call laws, for the maintenance of which the
courts are operated. The subject of contracts, around which
our commercial law revolves, has to do altogether with the
safeguarding of property rights.

I list of all. then, we have the economic laws to which all

production must conform, and then we have the specific

ide laws I,, which our actions as individuals must

conform, and which must always he consulted and regarded

in carrying on business processes,

Finally, we have a language in which wealth and opera-
tions upon wealth, are measured, and this language, known as
iting, is a recognized necessity in understanding busi-
ness pr .'Ci

There are many other things that supplement and "help the
commercial worker, such as penmanship, shorthand writing,
typewriting, etc., but they are mere aids to the three great
basic subjects of Economics, Law and Accounting.

The commercial worker who is limited to skill in mere
stenographic work soon comes to a dead wall which bars all
advancement until a knowledge of the fundamentals of one
or more of the sciences of Economics, Law and Accounting,
is gained. Such a knowdedge comes, after a fashion, with
years of experience, but in this day we believe that it can
be gained best, as to the theoretical part at least, in schools.

If we admit that these sciences are of the essence of busi-
ness education, that is, if we make their attainment the meas-
ure of what should be done, what percentage of attainment
is secured by the departments of commerce, the commercial
high schools and the private commercial schools?

We will go further. It may be admitted that the theoreti-
cal scope may be beyond a particular school. In such a case,
is the work within its scope planned and taught in such a
way as to afford a basis for further study, for uninterrupted
development in commerce? Do you teach bookkeeping in
such a way that it can be used as a basis for Accounting in
the broader and higher sense?

The very life of so-called commercial education depends
upon a measurable accomplishment of this ideal, this Reason-
able Return.

It is an open secret that, measured broadly in this way,
and allowing for exceptional cases, commercial education is
inefficient.

The remedy, aside from the strengthening in organization
procedures, and moral fibre, lies, 1 believe, in teaching prin-
ciples.

Principles can be taught by theoretical instructors, as is
done in technical schools and law schools the country over,
and the graduates master practice after they secure a knowl-
edge of fundamentals. Principles must be illustrated, and
whether we shall proceed from the principle to the manifes-
tation, or from tbe manifestation back to the principle, 1 do
not care to discuss, but the principle we must get, for it is
only by general and comprehensive definitions and princi-
ples that the human mind can secure a grip on detail.

\ sixteen-year old boy can be taught the two controlling
principles of the Cash Hook — direct entry in what, in effect,
is a Ledger Cash Account, and the collection of similar
items in columns to save labor in posting — in an hour, and
he will understand any cash hook or devise one without
hesitation. If. however, one attempts to make him familiar
with twenty specific rulings to meet twenty different condi-
tions, without driving home the controlling principles, he will
stumble on the twenty-first ruling. And so on in a hundred
matters that I could cite from my own experience. The
theoretical instructor who attempts to teach "actual business"
is unfair to commerce, to himself, and worst of all. to his
students.

If the principles of these sciences are marshalled in logical
order and taught as principles, with sufficient illustrations to
make their application clear, the graduate will make himself
useful and well liked from the start of his business career.
and his accomplishment will -be limited only by his personal
characteristics.

My hope, then, is that commercial teaching may be effi-
cient, that is, effective; that the work maj be properly co-
ordinated, both as to methods and courses of study; that, for
the sake of the work as a whole we ma\ establish a measure

of performance that embraces a knowledge of Economics,

Law and Accounting, with the proper co-ordination of minor
subjects, and that we do not attempt to transplant apprcn-

lici hip, l I as it may have been for certain purposes in

commerce, into our schools.

Tksrr) S-f-

\ % '%'% \ « %

THE LIFELINE .

fe dfyij .'measure ti]c $4A
%$ toll me lohd the souut>htQ$ bet-.
| cast a plummet in ttio tiic,
Hfti HjCtt Htt'oucjh Uiecjaphouo replug-.
cKHihpsix, itow marks H'^c score,
a unvhu\< m»ar no unknown slioro-,
Sub ad b iveu\U ivouW appear,
ocausc3 fiuo no &rcaC\cr-5 near.

"///Y// /v./ Y », /.j//t. 1 1 a • fYit'/ Y'f'/i/"/"->} w/tr/.ft /nj/tf / iff/
December W,i911.

Illuminated Design by J. W. Swank, Washington, D. C. Original presented to the grand-daughter
of Mr. Swank on the occasion of her marriage. The colors were blue ana gold, and much of the beauty
has been lost in the engraving. Mr. Swank is now in his seventy-seventh year.

A. P.. Wraught, principal of the Commercial Department
Pittsfield, Mass., High School, is chairman i a committeeof
the Eastern teachers of writing organized for the purpost ol
securing information regarding left-handed writing. It is a
surprising fact that in spur of all that I is been said and
done to prove the inadvisability of permitting children to
learn to write with their left hands, thousar Is at the pr.-etit
time are- having no attention paid to them whatever. It is
not to be expected that the teachers of other branches shall
be verv much concerned about the matter. It is unfor-

trol of these teachers to a far greater extent than they are
under the control of the writing master. It is one of the
great educational problems of the present day and until there
is a universal protest against the practice, boys and girls are
going to form improper habits of writing— habits which will
always be to their discomfort as well as disadvant 6

Mr Wraught has sent out a list of questions to principals
and proprietors of schools. The list is given herewith, and
the Business Journal urges upon all teachers whose attention
raav be attracted bv this notice to send whatever information

• # •

■

(!% IlitBttwafl Journal

QUESTIONS ON LEFT-HANDED WRITING.

Date

School

Principal

Number of Pupils in grade

Number of pupils who write with left hand

Number of left-handed pupils who are below the average
in ability to write

Number of right-handed pupils who are below the aver-
age in ability to write

Number of Pupils who are right handed but who were
formerly left-handed ,

Number of pupils who write with the right hand but who
are left handed in some of the other work

Number of pupils who write with either hand

What is done for left handed pupils?

What results have been noticed in pupils who have
changed from left handed writing in (1) penmanship,
(2) composition, (3) expression, (4) class standing?

DO RETAILERS FIGURE THEIR PROFITS RIGHT?

By J. C. Walker.

Systems Service Department Burroughs Adding Machine
Company, Detroit, Michigan.

HERE has been much discussion in the various
Trade Papers recently on the subject of figuring
profits and in our opinion much of the difference
of opinion comes from a misunderstanding, not
of percentage, but of the problem itself.

We wish to state in the beginning that there may be more
than one correct way of figuring profits, and it is not con-
tended that the old method of using the cost of the goods as
the basis from which to figure the percentage of profit and
the cost of doing business, is mathematically incorrect. All
arithmetics teach that the cost of an article should be the
basis from which to start figuring rates of percentages.
However the same results may be obtained in another way,
that to our mind, is much more satisfactory, more easily
figured and much safer for the merchant.

For instance, we will assume that a merchant's volume of
business is $100,000 per year. His expense of doing business
is $20,000 per year, and his profits are $10,000 per year. This
leaves the cost of the goods sold at $70,000, or in other
words — his expense of doing business is 20% of his sales ;
his profits are 10% of his sales and his cost of goods 70% of
sales.

This problem may be figured just as correctly by using the
$70,000 as a basis and dividing it into the $20,000 and $10,000
to get the respective rates of expense of doing business and
profits. But this is what frequently happens, using the same
figure as above for volume of business, expense of doing busi-
ness and profit, he figures as we have above that it costs him
20% to do business and he wishes to make 10% profit or
$10,000 profit on $100,000 volume of business — then he marks
his goods in a way that he believes will bring him this profit
and adds 20% plus 10%, which is 30% of the first cost of his
goods.

If a table cost him wholesale $10.00, he will mark it at
$13.00, figuring that 20% or $20.00 will cover the expense of
doing business and 10% or $1.00 will give him his desired
profit. As previously shown, these profits were determined
on the selling price of goods and therefore costs him 20% of
$13.00 or $2.60 to sell the table, leaving him only 40c as
profit.

If all of his goods are marked in this same manner, in-
stead of having $10,000 profit at the end of the year, he will
have just $4,000, and he wonders what became of the differ-

ence between the $4,000 that he has when he closes his busi-
ness for the year and the $10,000 which he provided for when
he marked his goods.

What he should have done was to have added together his
20%, expense of doing business, and 10%, profit, making a
total of 30%. This subtracted from 100% would leave 70%,
which represents the cost of goods. Divide this into the
$10.00, the cost of the table and we find that the selling price
should have been $14.29: 20% of this would be $2.86, which
would be the expense of doing business and $1.43 would
have been left for profit.

This same result could have been obtained of course by
using the $10.00, first cost of the goods, as the basis, but in
that case his rate of expense for doing business would have
been 28.67c and on a basis of 10% of the selling price for
profit, his rate of profit would have been 14.3%.

It is certainly more satisfactory for a man to mark his
goods so that he will know how much of each dollar taken in
over the counter belongs to him as profit, and how much must
be set aside to cover the expense of doing business, and how
much represents the first cost of the goods.

To use the above illustration on the basis of $100,000 volume
of business, out of each dollar taken in over the counter, 10c
belong to him as profit, 20c must go toward paying the ex-
pense of doing business and 70c must cover the cost of the
goods sold.

By figuring in this way, he is enabled at any time to deter-
mine from a recapitulation of his sales just what his profits
to date should be. It also enables him to determine whether
he is keeping the expense of the business within the 20%,
which he estimated should cover all items properly charge-
able to the expense of handling the business. Seventy per
cent of his sales should also represent the cost of the goods
sold.

You will see from this how simple a matter it is to secure
all these figures from a daily sales record, where much time
and effort would be required to secure the same data if you
had to go back to the cost of the goods.

There are a number of advantages in figuring from the
selling price rather than from the first cost of the goods, not
the least of which is the fact that you always have before
you the selling price of the goods sold and scarcely ever the
cost price.

Let us reiterate, we do not wish to be understood as saying
that this is the only correct method of figuring profits. In
fact, it is simply reversing the percentages in order to make
it easier for the merchant to know from day to day, or from
month to month, whether his business is realizing the profits
that he anticipated when marking his goods.

Just

LOOK UP, LIFT UP.

Hard luck stories are like overdue notes.

" Go bury thy sorrows, the world hath its share."
smile.

Before money was invented some people were happy.

Shake hands as though you meant it, and smile.

It's as easy to rob the friend that trusts and believes in
you, as it is to shoot chickens in a barn yard. Be a sport
and shoot game.

In darkness, in light, in sorrow, in blight.
Be an optimist ever and things will come right.

You cannot put influence in a glass case.

Optimism is the first born of hope, the mother of confi-
dence, the executioner of adversity and the undertaker of
pessimism.

A frown is a renegade smile that is afraid to look itself
in the face.

♦ ♦••'%

Z/e^n S-f-

Slje Hufiutrsa Journal

VII

Department of Commerce, University of Pennsylvania.

THE TYPEWRITTEN LETTER.

"1 have just received from a some-
what distant camp in the woods a let-
ter addressed to me on a typewriter,
and at first that seemed to me curious.
Up there they have bear and moose and
deer and that sort of thing, the coun-
trv there is still wild and you wouldn't
naturally look for typwriters where you
find wild animals. From a camp like
that you'd expect to get a letter writ-
ten with pen and ink in a bold, but
cramped hand, by a man who certainly
had never plugged a typewriter and was
not overhandy with the pen.

"On second thought it's really very
easy. The man that owns and runs this
camp is at this time of year very busy,
in communicatiun with old and new
guests who will come to him or who
are talking of coming to him this Sum-
mer and there's a lot of writing to be
done, and long since he discovered that
the quickest and easiest way to do this
is on a typewriter. And when you come
to think it over you realize that nowa-
days you don't have to take that type-
writer with you when you go out with
fishing rod or gun."

UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS OF COMMERCE.

Ten years ago there began a movement in the United
States among the colleges looking to the establishment of
schools of commerce which should be of strictly collegiate
grade. Among the number were those established by
New York University, University of Chicago, Dartmouth
College, and Harvard.

Among the state universities, departments were established
in Illinois, Vermont, Michigan and California. A recent meet-
ing of the Efficiency Society at Dartmouth directs renewed
attention to the work being done in these schools. The best
class of accountants, auditors, and business managers readily
lend their support to these schools.

In this issue of the Business Journal appear photographs
of a number of these schools. Others will appear from time
to time.

It should be mentioned that the first school of commerce
established by a university in this country was the Wharton
School of Finance and Commerce in 1881, by the University
of Pennsylvania. At tirst the course consisted of but two
years, but in 1895 it was lengthened into a four years' course.

PUBLIC SCHOOL PENMANSHIP.

arkv Houston; Supervisor of Penmanship,
Haven, Conn.

New

The difficulties in teaching writing in the public schools are
the immaturity of pupils, ranging from five to fifteen years
of age, the large number of studies to be taught, the small
amount of time for penmanship, the detrimental effect of the
large amount of written work required and the majority of
teachers inadequately prepared to teach the subject.

Plans for teaching writing should fii the child at the
various stapes of his development. It is a mistake to tr\ to
make the child lit plans for adults. What can be done is not
a good criterion as to what is best to do in teaching children
Business College plans need modifying and supplementing
to be used in the grades.

In teaching the subject we must consider what to teach.
how to teach and the returns to he- expi :ted from the in-

struction. There should be technical and general instruction.
Technical instruction has to do largely with the manner of
writing. The general instruction has for its object good
writing in all subjects. Such general points as margins, spac-
ing, size, neatness and uniformity contribute most to making
a good page effect. Pupils should be shown how to write
and how to overcome their faults. The blackboard is the
best medium for this work. There is too much telling what
to do and not enough of showing how. More enthusiasm
and interest should be aroused. Rooms and schools should
be so organized as to bring about such a sentiment in favor
of good writing that the slow and indolent will be influenced
to put forth greater efforts. Exhibitions and writing con-
tests will help in this matter. Teachers are trying to carry
the burden for all the pupils. The proper organization of
the school will shift considerable responsibility to pupils. It
will help them to develop power, initiative and will bring far
better results.

Commercial Museum, State University of Iowa.

VIII

Oil!? Susittpaa Smtrrtal

FROM HAND TO MACHINE.

Pen less Bookkeeping.
By H. C. Jeager.

OUR correspondent was born in southern In-
diana in the section where the chief products
are fruit (pumpkins) and lumber (hoop poles)
This was a good many years ago, but as I
have turned out to be an exception to the
Hoosier rule of being the home of "original" writers none
of the almanacs show date of my birth. Looking back over
all that's happened since, it seems an awful long time, but
my almost (?) black hair indicates tiiat it hasn't been so
very long figuring it "Father Time s" way.

When I was a kid so high, I used a scythe to mow the
sweet-smelling hay. Later on father drove twelve miles to
the city and brought one of Mr. McCormicks mowers. Next
day we worked all day putting the thing together— now-a-days
e would say it was' shipped "knock-down"-and the second
day father hitched the big gentle team to it and started
around the meadow. Maybe it didn't slather the hay! The
neighbors for miles around came and beheld with urns
W and "bigums".-In a couple of hours father had cut
so much grass that he had to stop so we could rake it up
that day When it had been all done up in cocks with tin-
edges nicely tuffed in. (as all careful farmers did in those
davs-saved everv straw because making hay the old way
;!, a slow hard 'job, a farmer did not "put' a whole section
to meadow, because he never could have got it cut with the
old hand scythe) yes when the cutting was all scraped up
V, a rak ' (there' were no "sulkies", modern hay rakes
he. everyone couldn't help but admire what a good clean
ob the new mowing machine did-Xot a straw of timothy
or "red top" standing. No expert with the hand scythe could
equal the even, close cropped job done by the machine. I he
field looked like a brussels carpet, it was so smooth

\t that time, we still cut wheat and oats with the hand
"cradle" and tied it up in bundles by hand. Then came the
reaner that cut the grain and left it in bundles, which were
afterward bound up bv hand. Then came the self binder.
that not -only Jut. but tied the bundles as they came from the

mCotm Tom's father was a carpenter and while we were
harvesting by hand they were planing boards by hand. But
■bout the- time we got our machines to harvest with, they
J t "J «s g'' boards by hand, and had the work done at
the planing ...ill where they could surface a wagon load of
hoards bv machinery while Tom was doing- one plank
bT and \Cl the planing mill, like the mower did a much
smoother, cleaner and better job than that .done by hand

The old "double shovel" plow, doing half a row of corn
-,t a trio cave way to the machine "sulkie" plow which, with
the same Et" did twice the work in the same tune that
the hand "double shovel" plow did. .

They even have a machine now for "shucking' corn.-
Somrthing all the farmers said, when the first farm machines
!„.,. -in to -11)1)1 ar could never 1"- done.

^After graduating at the country school, I went to normal
school ami then to a business school, and learned ^how to
write bv machine (o„ the typewriter), soIcouWj™ let
Urs two or three times as fast as I could by hand. I also
Studied single entry and double entry bookkeeping. Double
entrj ^bookteepfng «as new then, only the larger .nst.tutions

'" & I°got my^'she^pskin", as father called it. for having
comX! 'he lu,sinessP school course, I decided that my

fUKefirtS5oU° "Chifago'w^keeping 1 ks (single entry)

fofa big concern on Lake Street that made furnaces and
'aneis and wouldn't permit reading a newspaper during bus-

inThenTgSit a better job as combined bookkeeper and stenog-
rapher in trie branch office of a typewriter concern, where the

boss decided I was a better salesman than ott.ee man.

bTcov!l'd the country territory . talking, " letter writing by
machinery", and one day when „, Quincy, 11 no.s « i ny
,.l,ir rounds selling typewriters, I called at the office oi
the Quincy Water Works, or the Quincy Gas Works and
wink there was shown an "adding machine ' . r i- d"\ 1

| had ever seen. It was on trial ami

all other machim i, does better and taster work than can
done bv hand.

Since those days on the farm, electric light, the ^lephone,
the automobile, the X-rays, the wireless telegraph and tele-
phone, and thousands of other labor saving machines have
been brought out, perfected and put into general use. And
onlv recently we have accepted the fact that human be.ngs
can "with machinery" navigate the air. „ ,

The other dav I chanced to go into the business office of
a progressive concern, ami a "new f angled' dign.hed looking
typewriter, operated bv a neat young woman weighing about
& pounds attracted my attention-another new machine to
make toil easier— the bookkeeping machine.

Having once kept bonks and hunted for mistakes and the
"trial balance", and having sold typewriters. I was naturally
keenly interested in this, to me, the latest mechanical im-
provement over the old hand way of doing things. tad
the bookkeeping machine explained to me. and found tha
it was posting to a standard loose leaf ledger without re
moving the pages from the binder-was actually writing m
V odern 'account book; and to my still greater surprise
W1s also adding up the figures as it wrote them dowm Here
was a machine, writing as fast and as neatly as he best up
to-date typewriter, and without any attention whatever on the
part of the young lady operator, was adding accurately the
debits and credits as they were posted to the ledger.

Was I dreaming! My thoughts traveled back to my bare-
footed days Then8 fathe'r got the new ■ mowe. "and re ^ turned
again past all the new mechanical things that I had seen
come into general use. No, 1 wasn t dreaming. The book-
keeping machine before me was an actually established fact
—just another important step in mechanical progress.

1 fOUnd on further questioning the operator, that the ^book

keeping machine not only posted the debits and credits in

,le same order that bookkeepers post them, but that it added

„ :m,,,l„,s ami added up the credits and put down th

footing on each ami every account ^..^oTof the*

L for the "tria balance" had given way to a machine made
done bj hand.

» ♦ %•% % ♦ %

QUj? Suaitteaa Journal

Here \v;is a ledger kept without the "scratch of a pen" —
"penless bookkeeping" — everything in neat machine print, as
legible and easy to read as a nicely typewritten letter. The
footings were also down in plain figures — just once, none
crossed out and cithers put in as it used to be when the pages
wire added mentally and the footings put down in had
pencil.

I also found out that the bookkeeping machine, just like
the other machines I have enumerated, did the work two or
three times as fast as it could possible be done bj hand.

The operator had not been to business scl I, had not spent

months learning bookkeeping as 1 had, years ago; had no
use of pen and ink or lead pencil, didn't have a single mental
calculation to make and was turning ovei to her superior the
machine's proven balance sheet at the end of each day's
work, as written evidence that all the work had been cor-
rectly done.

Here was a marvelous machine on which there was a modest
label or trade mark in red and gold, no bigger than a silver
dollar which read, "Elliott-Fisher, The Bookkeeping Machine."

That very afternoon, I wrote The Elliott-Fisher people,
whom I had heretofore known well and favorably, as the
manufacturers of commercial hilling and hound hook record-
ing machines, and asked them to send me full particulars
about the bookkeeping machine. As quick as mail could
bring an answer from Harrisburg, Pa., which is the home
of Elliott-Fisher, I received a neatly written letter, some sam-

ples ol" machine 1 kkeeping, and a handsome booklet— it

might well he called a magazine — "Bookkeeping To-day".
Then I was again surprised to learn that the bookkeeping
machine had been on the market for a year and already
thousands were in use in offices of progressive business con-
cerns.

As I pondered over this latest new machine and the many
other new things I have witnessed as coming into use in my
short tune. I couldn't help but think "how fast the world
do move" and how those who would keep up with the world's
procession cannot i,e laggards in investigating new things
and adopting quickly those new machines which will handle
their work to better advantage. Me who clings to bygone
methods will inevitably, and quickly too. be left behind.

For the benefit of the readers of the BUSINESS JOURNAL I
have asked Elliott-Fisher Company for a half tone to illus-
trate this article and to give you a good idea of the latest

and to me, the most wonderful mw device — the bookkeeping

machine.

WANTED A SHAVE ONLY.

"How do you like the new oatmeal soap?" inquired the
barber, wielding the lather brush with extraordinary free-
dom.

"Seems nourishing," the customer replied, with a splutter,
"but I've had my breakfast." — Judge.

TRADE NEEDS COLLEGE MEN.
Advertising agent Tells Columbia Stu-
dents to Train for Business.

Frank R. Chambei-s, the well-known
advertising man, addressed Columbia
students recently on "The Opportunities
in the I'lisiness World," urging the need
of more college men in this field of act-
ivity He said he had suggested to
President Kutler the advisability of a
course in stenography and typewriting
for college men intending to enter bus,-
ne-s

"I have a woman stenographer in my
business," said Mr. Chambers, "who
would run my business for me if she
were a man. The person wtio attends
to the confidential matters of his em-
ployer soon gets to know very much
about the business, and his advancement
is rapid.

"There is always room for improve-
ment in a business, .and the college man
with any inventive genius soon per-
ceives where a change for the better is
net ded. and he makes his suggestion in
the right manner.

"Then the personal element is an im-
portant consideration. A 'good mixer'
can get along well in business, as in any
other field. ( Hher things being equal.
the man with the salable article nrcfers
to do business with the 'good mixer.'

"College training tends to the devel-
opment of character, and men of char-
acter are always in demand by business
men."

Mr. Chambers argued for college men
taking up business not merely for
making, but as their life work.

He said that his firm made it a prac-
tice- to have their employes grow up
from boj ho id with the business. But
many of these men have had a very
scanty education, sometimes not above
the grammar school, and they are un-
able to take charge of the confidential
work of the business.

ege nun with some business
knowledge," explained Mr. Chambers,
"come up to the requirements for this
brancli of commercial life."

Department of Commerce, State University of Wisconsin.

®hf T&mintBB 3aurnal

ON TO SPOKANE.

By C. A. Faust, Pres. Spokane Club.

Announcement of Arrangements for Trip to Spokane.

Itinerary of the All-expense Special Train of the Teachers'

Spokane Club, and other Information.

The time for that glorious trip to the ■ Yellowstone Park
and the Great West is drawing close to hand, only a few
more weeks until the call "All aboard for Spokane" will be
announced. Over one hundred jolly teachers and their
friends will be moving on to Spokane on one of the most
enjoyable trips of their lives, a trip the pleasant memories
of which time can never efface; acquaintances and newly
made friendships will be formed that will continue for the
remainder of our sojourn on Mother Earth.

I could not, in my feeble way, should 1 attempt it, de-
scribe this trip and enumerate the wonders to be seen and
the pleasures to be experienced.

I leave it for you to imagine, if you can, one hundred
congenial people as one family in a hotel on wheels, passing
through Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah. Wyoming,
Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, and Arizona, and
from the time of boarding the train at Chicago, until the re-
turn thereto, the scene from the windows will be an ever-
changing panorama, passing through large cities and small
towns, over wide-stretching virgin forests, rolling prairies
and vast plains; past the extinct mouths of volcanoes with
all their marvelous evidence of volcanic action; following
the path of the early history of America, with its thrilling
stories of the savage aborigines, the adventurous voyager
and pioneer settler. On, on to the "Garden of the West'' —
California, with its orange groves and flowers and perpetual
sunshine. On to the beautiful Golden gate. On through a
country of lovely valleys and majestic mountains, along
winding streams, rushing rivers, enchanting falls, mighty
glaciers and sylvan spots, crossing the mighty rivers, Missis-
sippi, Missouri, Rio Grande, Colorado, Sacramento, and San
Joaquin, and innumerable picturesque smaller streams, view-
ing the graudeur of our "Switzerland of America," riding
through that wonder of wonders, our National Yellowstone
Park, looking down wonderful canons, camping beside that
phenomenon of phenomena, "Old Faithful," and sister
geysers, listening to the music of the singing of the giant
pines, and back past the incomparable waters of the Great
Lakes. Imagination is tame in comparison to the reality.

Do not let this advantage, perhaps the last you may have,
pass ; no more favorable one as regards expense and com-
fort can ever come to you.

Our Special Train Advantages.

The advantages of a special train all the way are many;
we stop when we desire and have all the time needed to
carry out ideas. We are sure of our meals being on time;
no baggage to look after, and no hotels to look up ; no wait-
ing over on account of not being able to get a sleeper back.
The schedules are so arranged that we pass through the
scenic portions of our trip in daylight. We see more than
could be seen in double the time traveling independently on
regular trains. Travelers are relieved of all care and re-
sponsibility incident to the trip. The party gets well ac-
quainted before its arrival at the Convention.

By the ordinary train, if one desires to stop at any par-
ticular place, a hotel must be hunted up, baggage must be
looked after, and after a hurried sight-seeing, alone and un-
aided, take another train to the next stopping place.

Frequently, train service necessitates leaving the car at
midnight in a strange city. In many cases where a few
hours of sightseeing would be sufficient, a full twenty-four
hours' stop-over becomes necessary, owing to the manner in
which the regular train schedules are arranged. On ac-
count of this inconvenience, a greal many interesting places
are not visited, and a tourist returns home dissatisfied with
his journey.

Our Way by Private Train.

A vestibuled private train running on a special schedule
for the entire trip — as I stated before, a hotel on wheels —
possessing all the necessary appurtenances For the comfort
and pleasure of the travelers; dining car, parlor car, sleeping
cars and baggage car accessible at all times, will be arranged
for occupancy during the stay in Spokane, and placed con-
v< in, ntly to the Convention Hall. Those who prefer the
hotel, may so arrange.

Ours is not a railway excursion, but a private party select-
ing the choice bits of any road we wish. All anxii
cerning the route, sight-seeing and expense are removed, all
tickets having been purchased for you. from Chicago to Chi-
cago, there is no carrying of baggage or cumbersome par-

cels. The baggage in the baggage car will be accessible
throughout the trip. In this way, the train will be free from
the usual accumulation of satchels, parcels and baggage.
Good home meals are supplied without either the rush for
place as at a restaurant, or bolting the food in your anxiety
about missing the train. The pleasure and profit of a trip is
more than doubled when taken in company with a congenial
and intelligent party. The fact that we stop at some place
every day, if only for an hour or two, entirely banishes the
weariness associated in every one's mind with a protracted
journey. Also, because of these rests, the cars can be kept
clean and airy.

In arranging and perfecting plans for this trip, we have
labored to secure the best and most interesting, both as to
route and superintendence of the party ; and in presenting
our itinerary, we do so with the belief that all necessary
requirements have been fully provided for. Train equipment
will be the best that can be obtained suitable for our pur-
poses; especially, in making it possible for each person to
occupy a double berth, unless otherwise desired.

Special instructions will be issued to all who register, re-
lating to mail, telegrams, baggage, and other personal mat-
ters.

The strongest argument in favor of our method of travel
is that the passenger is relieved of all the responsibilities
and cares incident to the trip, from the moment of boarding
the private train until his return. There is nothing left to
do, as all necessary traveling and living expenses are settled
for before starting on the journey, leaving for the party in
charge of the train and his assistants the work of attending
to all the details of the trip. This enables the tourist to
enjoy uninterrupted pleasure and rest, free from all the
cares and annoyances which mar the happiness of those who
undertake so long a journey independently. Again, one can-
not take independently such tours as we outline at any such
figures as we have secured. Those who have never traveled
under such favorable auspices can form but a faint concep-
tion of the comfort and enjoyment which a private train thus
equipped and managed affords.

Arrangements are being made by various Societies and
Chambers of Commerce along the route, providing enter-
tainment of various kinds. Suites of rooms have been en-
gaged for the Spokane Club Headquarters, at Hotel Spokane,
Spokane, Union Square Hotel, San Francisco, and Hotel An-
geles at Los Angeles.

As a requirement of one-hundred oersons is necessary for
our special train, which will give us the accommodations be-
fore described, we are working hard to secure it, and solicit
your co-operation. If you cannot find it possible to make the
trip, solicit your friends. As over half the required number
is already booked at this early date, we feel sure of the
party. Upon request, our itinerary will be mailed you or
your friends.

Remember that we have planned six different tours, rang-
ing in time from two weeks to thirty-live days. 50 as to ai
commodate those who have time enough only to attend the
convention and return, or those who have the entire thirty-
five days at their disposal. Also those who cannot leave on
July 1st, may select Jnly 11th or 12th. We want you, how-
ever, to be one of our Special Train Tour "A" leaving
> July 1st. Keep in mind that you can arrange for
parties from your home town to Chicago. Write the Rex
Tours, 1523 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, regarding this infor-
mation and it will be promptly given.

Double the number of sidetrips may be taken for every
dollar expended if you are a member of our Club, as reduc-
tions owing to the large party are promised by side trip
managers, and the complimentary ones prepared by organiza-
tions and Chambers of Commerce along the route. Not a
dull moment will be experienced during the entire trip as
arrangements are being made for evening entertainments
when darkness overtakes us and shuts out the scenic feast-
ing.

Reservations will be made in the order in which they are
d and you are especially requested to make your ap-
plication earlv.

Trusting that the members ni the Spokane Club will have

the pleasure of meeting yon July 1st. I am, fraternally yours,

"Remember, always." exhorted the preacher, "that what-
ever you sow, that also you shall reap."

"Not always." replied Subbubs; "not if your neighbor
keeps chickens."

Xte/m S+-

®tje SuBintaa Journal

FORGERS BETRAYED BY HANDWRITING.

The handwriting expert was telling how he detected for-
geries.

"I just returned from working on a curious case," he said.
"The mausoleum owned by a wealthy woman was broken
into and the bodies of her husband and two sons were taken
away. She immediately sent word to the leading ,firm of
detectives in the town, and asked them to take the case.

"The head detective, Smith by name, said to her after he had
been working on the case some time : 'Two anonymous let-
ters will come through the mail to you.'

"He did not tell her how he knew, but a few days later
she received a letter written anonymously. It was a curious
document. In the first place it was written on a piece of
paper, the left hand edge of which had been torn off all the
way down the page, leaving it ragged. It was signed with a
Black Hand, and it directed her to leave $50,000 under a
stone at a certain place if she wished to have the bodies re-
turned. The second curious thing about the letter was that
the word Pennsylvania which occurred in it was spelled cor-
rectly.

"She showed the letter to one of the post office inspectors
and he said immediately : 'That letter was not written by a
member of the Black Hand, because they are all illiterate.
Not one of them could spell a word like Pennsylvania cor-
rectly.'

"This remark was made in the presence of the detective,
Smith, and his co-worker, Jones.

"A few days later the woman received another anonymous
Utter evidently written by the same person. This time the
name Pennsylvania was spelled 'Pennsilvanea' and the i was
written over a partially erased y. This letter was also writ-
ten on a sheet of paper from which the left hand edge had
been torn.

"In the presence of several post office inspectors and the
two detectives the woman asked: 'Why do you suppose these
edges are always torn off?

" 'As an illustration of how a man's words return to kill
him,' Smith replied. 'He keeps them so that you will know
3 1 m have the right man.'

"Suspicion fell on the two detectives, and they were ar-
rested. I was called in to examine the two anonymous let-
ters, and compared the penmanship with that of the two men.

"I first weeded out of the anonymous writing what I saw
to be its real characteristics, not its feigned ones. I saw, for
instance, that the 'ill' in his 'wills' was always perfectly made.
I decided that those letters belonged to his true writing.
Their formation showed, too, that they were made by a man
who had been taught to write.

"I noted that his w was usually sprawled, but in one place
he forgot and made a perfect w, which showed that he knew
how. The loops of the g and y were unusually long. In the
two missives he only once made another letter cross them.
It was characteristic of him to avoid carefully in the line
just below the loop of a g or y, running other letters across
them. He would go to considerable trouble to avoid this,
either by writing a word out on the edge of the sheet and
so finish it before it reached the loop, or by beginning his
word to the right of the loop and leaving a space to its left.

"This was such a permanent habit with him that he was
unconscious of it. It was so abnormal in handwriting that I
knew I had his real, not his feigned penmanship.

"1 examined the writing of the man Jones and found that
all the qualities I had picked out a> the genuine character-
istics of the penmanship of the writer of the anonymous let-
ters were stable ones in his handwriting.

"It was largely through this handwriting that Jones was
convicted. Curiously enough, Smith was convicted partly on

the evidence of their finding the torn edges of the letters in
a sealed envelope in his pocket. The edges found in his
pockt dovetailed exactly into the torn edges of the anony-
mous letters." — Gazette, Trenton, X. J.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN UNITED STATES.
(Announcement of Bureau of Education.]

The range of salaries for the heads and faculties of State-
aided institutions of higher learning in this country is given
in a bulletin just issued for free distribution by the United
States Bureau of Education. According to the bulletin, the
highest paid head of any institution of this class is the pres-
ident of the University of California, who receives $12,000
a year and house. The presidents of Illinois University and
Cornell University each receive $10,000 a year and house,
while the president of the University of Minnesota gets
$10,000 without house. From these figures the presidents'
salaries run down as low as $2,400. The salaries of the fac-
ulty members range from $50 a year for the least-paid tutor
to $6,000 a year for the best-paid full professor, both ex-
tremes being touched at Cornell.

The Bureau of Education's bulletin shows that the United
States now contains exactly 100 universities and other in-
stitutions of higher education which depend in considerable
measure on the State or Federal Governments for their sup-
port. Of these, 16 are agricultural and mechanical colleges
for negroes. Four of these State-aided institutions have more
than 400 members on their faculties, namely, the University
of California, with a faculty of 421 ; the University of Illinois,
with 530; Cornell University, with 652; and the University
of Wisconsin, with 486.

The biggest gifts reported by the colleges considered for
the period under discussion, namely, the college year ended
last June 30, came to the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy,'which benefits to the extent of $1,410,000 from the gener-
osity of three donors. The University of Illinois reports that
the 'State legislature has appropriated $3,510,300 for its sup-
port for the next two years, and has also made provision for,
the future of the institution by levying a I -mil 1 lax. which
two years hence should allow it about $2,250,000 a year. Cor-
nell has construction work in hand which will cost $1,052,000.

The Bureau of Education's bulletin also notes all changes
in courses and methods of instruction of these institutions
for the period under discussion; records the gifts, buildings,
and improvements; contains a directory of the institutions;
shows the student enrollment, and inventories their property
and income.

The bulletin, which is entitled "Statistics of State Univer-
sities and Other Institution-, of Higher Education Partially
Supported by the State, for the Year ended June 30, 191 1,"
will be sent free upon request to the United States Commis-
sioner of Education, Department of the Interior, Washington,
D. C.

THE NEW SCHOOL.

"How does this noted healer, who cures his patient? by
touching them, differ from a regular physician ?"

"Why he touches them before he cures them." — Cleveland
Plain Dealer.

Butte City (Montana) Business College.

» ♦ J • •■■•

XII

ahp Huainpsa Journal

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY. Tribune Building, Nea York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal,
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Bennett, R. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Detroit, Mich.

Kemington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New YorK.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters' Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square, New York.

Bliss i'ublishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Goodycar-Marshall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, HI.

Packard. S. S., 203 Lexington Ave. .New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe, H. M., & Co., Baltimore, Md. '

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAPti^ & ' tfPtWRITER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New York.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENCIL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Yesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman, I., & Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A., 208 N. 6th St., Quincy, III.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co., Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Graham, A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Packard, S. S.. 258 Lexington Ave., New York.

Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pitman, Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 45th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., ivew Orleans. La.

Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Aristos or Janes' Shadeless Shorthand.
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New York.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons. J. A.. & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Pitman, Isaac, & S .n, 2 W. 45th St., New York.

Practical Text Book Company, Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans, La.
TYPEWRITERS.

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River, New York.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway,, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New »ork.
I YI'I WRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway. New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD),

Smith Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGEABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty»writer Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.
Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, New York.
Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 819 Broadway, New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co, 80 Vesey St., New York.

COMMERCIAL LAW.
Frederick Juchhoff, LL. B., Central College of Law Chicago.
Sale of Defective Articles — Rights of Injured Third Forty.

A city bought from the manufacturers of vehicles a buggy
to be used by a city officer in the performance of his official
duties, the manufacturers representing that the buggy was in
good condition, extra strong, and fitted for the service for
which it was purchased. While in use by a city officer, one of
the spindles broke, wrecking the buggy and severely injuring
tlie oqcupant. The officer injured brought an action against
the manufacturers of the buggy for the personal injuries sus-
tained. The plaintiff alleged and proved that there was. at
the time of sale, a large crack in the axle, which the defend-
ant had caused to lie filled and covered with grease SO as to
be concealed, although the crack was visible and must have
been known to the defendant by the exercise of ordinary-
care before he placed the grease upon the spindle. The court
held that the action could be maintained and regarding the
rule that the genera! rule requiring privity of contract be-
tween parties to give a right of action where the articles are
not inherently dangerous, said : "This can have no applica-
tion to the present case, in view of the fact that the petition
distinctly alleges that the plaintiff's use of the buggy was
contemplated when the sale was made, that the manufacturer
knew of the defect in the spindles, that they concealed
this defect from the purchaser by the use of paint and grease,
and represented the buggv was in a perfect condition."
Judgment was given for the plaintiff. Woodward VS. Miller
& Karwisch, -in S. E. Rep., 84? (Ga.).

Partnership. Expenses incurred by one partner on behalf
of the partnership.

While a partner maj not charge for services rendered b\
him, he may charge for expenses incurred in the preservation
of firm property, cither in the payment of service- rendered
by another or in the payment of material furnished for
partnership use.

Where a partner incurs such expenses without the consent
or authority of the other partners, their subsequent ratifica-
tion of his act is equivalent to antecedent authority.

A. a corporation in the firm of A, B, & C, purchased for
the firm and paid for out of hi-- own funds certain fixtures
which were used ill conducting the business of the firm.
Upon dissolution of the firn, A contended that he should be
reimbursed for the amount advanced, before the firm assets
could be distributed among the partners. This was denied
by the other members of the linn. Upon suit being brought,
it was held that A was entitled to recover the amount ad-
vanced. Latta vs. Kilhourn. 150 U. S.. 524.

X. of the firm of X & Y. purchased without the consent of
his partner, certain wares and merchandise, which was later
received and put into the regular stock by V While Y.
at the time the purchase was made, opposed their purchase,
he later accepted them and ratified the act of X on behalf '•<
the linn. Later he refused payment on the ground that X
purchased the same without authority. It was held that an

acceptance <■< th< goods purchased on behalf of the firm con-
stituted a ratification and the vendor wa- given a judgment
for their value and costs. Rock vs. Collins, 99 Wis., 630

SHORTHAND AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
A Summer Course in [saac Pitman Shorthand and Type-
writing will be offered al Columbia University commencing
July B, and continuing till August 16. Students will be per-
mitted to take one other subject for the same tuition fee.
Stenography— 2 points. Typewriting — 2 points, and elective
subject. For further particulars address Dr. James ('. Eg-
bert. Director of Summer Session, Columbia University.
New York.

I. -

Xksrr* S-f-

QIIjp Suatnpaa Journal

XIII

? fbllainiuq pirjmhlp unit rrsolulians urrrr inumnnmislii '
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fni'i I'liu.^Cnprji miroeinnir fiir ttw awlfarP of ,
iinuuiiiUi hns muurd rnnunrt to 6um>so nr prr
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&- •. oppmnmrr uf llu» rinfil man ai Itip light limiMi* i1
ihunttfi ^'■:,Qn.!!i|:Vlft';!;[,^or!ii'r!j'onii!i!i:atioiiiie

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nnine it rimmiih ilii' grral \Kilb nf rtie jinst nine wars mluise skillful •
qnier.ilrihiji.hcvii "Oiietatipn of iiien miO iifta Jiui 6tnin6 jiitiiimnitni the wlerttmi '
ani liirertiou tif uuliniYi In i inpruiic* tin* iu;ujfo mrf nniuitioiui of the mine nnirhere I!
liaue ueuer brai rquallrA bit am) in.ni in the luhor iuoueiiieiit:uiii>i^cs3>a
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ipogw aiiAgliorler binnf. fur htmArrafi dt dimisdniai of ml tinners, lias unjmui.
ee. ttip roiiililitnir. in rtit'ii bitwiTi ain't plarof. pf oinplinniirni ami lias larii'lu assistefl in
srnirino, lour, fur tin' jmiliTfaii: i'l liiilnrini of tiinVr in-arr, nmiinsl ciiiplourin'nhniVrnor
our. mro iiiilinilrhii orrnpatiom-. and dMlbTPQTi. Bis HWWSliifl ronrmlrauon of tltouo/il

and llir raiihiiaoiis applicaliou nf In . mli'llm/iin. nno rin'niiri. in nin inrrri'f.ln has soemouslll
impairr-il liis hr-nllli a*. In rumpH linn Il\ rrnrp Fran Hu- prrsinrniii ol our orqani.'ulioii:

! €SOLV'tiI>.iRi|.l,«' Wrqaire in ttii'UllllillTOlllHllllmuiflltnDrnllllll of the

$£§&»

enmpariiii nt liio lam] nuiltiiurd ilii
I plelraiifl pcrmnnnil rrroerrii 'R«jSOLY*<il>. Ununoeappi
nwros 10 rtprvss rile niaqnitiiiV nl hn. innrt. miO llir bntlianro of lll9 arhin'rmnils in bclwlt of
ihr doum-tntM™ nit6 uyprrssrd moan nmrkrn, in rami cuf*«r of toil. KCSOliVtiiH'Jiir
uirunoiiiiiioii?lu mrrrt ilml In1 has Bww il nerrssam in iirorr to n'naiii liis hpollli. li sciifr his
offmai rHatiunship nii'fi our aroaunnlunt and ror hort auoVuii tlial Ins fiirurf muu be mnnud ipili
[ hWlth.tkipuitlPSSillUt SUCrimS o^ a portml cooiprnwlion for dif sonlfiprthrluisHMoefcTis:
rjiP51lll11!lU"..' ■;■ p'rambl" ■ ■ .. . rwoliitnins

■praparka^nud ml [,n",:Oiiiinrtlrlift! hiioUjIW Iowi-ubWiii.

1 tUVfamai

if !l Kuon

Commercial Designing for Resolution Purposes.
By P. W. Costello, Scranton, Pa.

SHOWS TREND OF THETIMES.
Seven Thousand High School Girls

in Boston Are Facing the Com-
mercial Course.

Does the fact that about 7,000 — must
of uhi mi are girls — nf the 9,000 pu-
pils in Huston high ~ c 1 1 . > i > 1 s arc taking
a commercial oiurse indicate that the
mothers ami homekepers nf the next
geenration will fur the most part he
bookkeepers and stenographers? B
means, for those 7,000 are only a small
fraction of the total number of sirK in
all the schools of Boston, mosi
whom will be -pared the course of "in-
tensified commercial instruction" which
the school committee has prepared i r
the 7. (100.

Hut the purpose of 7. nun girl-- t
themselves for business rather than for
home life is significant of the e
change that within a verv few years
ha- taken place in the relation ,<i w n
an to the industrial and commer lal
world — a change to which societv is
hut slowly adjusting itself. Inevital
it will continue to affect legislation. In-

evitably it will alter the whole aspect of
American life. Inevitably it will tend
to efface all political and economic in-
equality between the sexes — the anti-
suffragists to the contrary notwithstand-
ing. And they may as well withdraw
their opposition first as last.

FIT FOR SOMETHING.
Surely it is the business of education
to see to it that this great army of
young workers are trained for work —
real work — to make carpenters and
bricklayers out of the kind of human
material inevitably designed for car-
pentering and bricklaying, and to in-
fuse into all classes of workers the
spirit of being .content to labor within
a man's given field of endeavor.

The Swiss watch industry passed
through varying vicissitudes in recent
years. The period of greatest activity
was attained in 1906, when the export
\ allies reached the record figure of <•_'!>.-
027,495. Following the financial crisis

of 1907 the industry suffered a serious
depression, the export \alues for 1908
falling to $24,954,240, a decrease of $4,-
as compared with 1906. There
was a further decrease of over $600,-
ni n i in 1909 as compared with the pre-
. ear.

The unfavorable showing in the ex-
port figures fur 1909 was due, however,
to the very low prices obtained for the
cheaper grade of watches, large stocks
of which had been accumulated during
the depression. The peculiar feature of
the business in 1910 is that while the
export values showed an increase the
market value of each piece exported, in-
cluding watches, cases and movements,
was 8 per cent, less than in 1909

The popularity of the very thin form
watch, which is a Swiss invention and
which is made in various grades and
sizes, has brought increased trade in
both local and foreign markets. They
are especially popular with tourists. Al-
though some of them are no thicker
than a 50 cent silver piece the mechan-
ism and their merits as timekeepers
have not been sacrificed to form.

MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN. "
The average man comes very near be-
ing an idiot in taking care nf himself.
You have seen him wearing a fur capon
his head while his shoes let in the snow
and water. He wears an overcoat on
his back and nothing but a thin shirt
over Ins chest. He is mighty scared
about freezing his lingers while his
throat is exposed to blizzards and he is
often ailing. . .r thinks he is. It's herb
tea. or hot tonics, Peter's pills, Paul's
pine tar, cordials or plasters and cures,
until the balance wheel m the machine
conies to a Stop. Mature wants to keep
going but she can't. He drinks whiskey
and that cloys the \al\cs; he drinks
beer and that clogs the wheels: he pours
down lemonade, gingerale, buttermilk,
ice water, tea. coffee and what m
then he wonders why the fires under
the boiler do not burn. If you should
take an ox and put him through a like
performance he'd be dead m a year.
The simplest and plainest laws ,,f
health are outraged every hour in the
day by the average man. Did Adam
smoke"' Did Eve wear corsets? Did
Solomon chew gum ? Did the children
of Israel go directly for a beer garden
after crosing the Red Sea? Did Re-
becca eat mini drops and ice cream and
call lor soda water!' Adam was the
was made perfect from head
to heel. How long would he remain so
after eating a mince pie before going
to bed? Suppose he had slept in a bed
room 5x7 with the windows down, the
door shut and two dogs under the bed ?
Eve had laced herself up in
a corset, put on tight shoes, sat up all
hours of the night eating her fill of
trash and sizzled her hair. When you
come to lo k at the way a man misbe-
haves himself you can only wonder he
ever lived to get there." — Cherokee
(OklaA Messenger.

XIV

S^e iBitHtnfBfl Journal

HOW BANKS MAKE COLLECTIONS.
By Cam, E. Wagner.

MISTAKE, fortunately seldom made, is allowing
improper acceptance of an item, making it pay-
able at some future time not according to the
terms of the draft.

It may also be noted that perhaps the larger
number of the drafts sent out with "No Protest" tickets at-
tached statins that same should be removed before presenta-
tion are presented and returned with the slips still attached.
The argument advanced by some bankers in favor of this
practice is that, should the slip be removed, the item might
be protested in error and the bank would then have to stand
the costs. But if, when the item is registered in the note
teller's book, a private mark be used to indicate "No Pro-
test" items, a little care would prevent such an occurence.

One more cause for complaint against the collecting bank is
the delay sometimes practiced in advising and remitting for
items that have been paid. This happens most frequently in
the smaller towns with but one financial institution, which,
knowing that you must send it your items, does not care.
But, paraphrasing the old expression, "Familiarity breeds con-
tempt " these institutions should remember that "Dissatisfac-
tion breeds competition." Some banks are now advertising
remittance on the day of payment and undoubtedly are secur-
ing business because of this that they would not otherwise
receive.

The actual collection of items having been attended to, the
teller proceeds to withdraw from his files the duplicate slips-
similar to those used in collection of foreign items, as shown
in connection with nex,t paragraph— which corresponds to the
numbers and descriptions noted on the remittance letters or
advices of credit from the out-of-town correspondents. One
of these is passed over to the individual bookkeeper to be
placed to the customer's credit; the other is filed temporarily
in a portfolio alphabetically indexed, and upon presentation
of the customer's passbook entered therein, unpaid collections
being returned at the same time. Collections received from
customers during the day are treated in the same manner as
outlined above. They are listed and entered short in the de-
positor's book, i. e.. to left of cash column, to which they are
extended when paid, the "short" entry serving only as a
receipt. The head teller also examines the time paper re-
ceived during the day, checking, maturities and filling in and
mailing the customary notices.

The method of handling foreign items is altogether differ-
ent; two operations being necessary before an item is dis-
posed of. First, a record and carbon copy must be taken;
second, a letter must be written to the bank to which the item
is sent ; then the same method pursued as when advice of pay-
ment has been received, as described in the preceding para-
graph. To facilitate matters, a carbon copy is taken of the
letter '-cut to the correspondent as a means of reference in
,. complications. Some banks continue the use of
the register, but the method now used is the filling in of the
form given above, doing away with the register entirely.

A carbon of this form is made at the time it is filled out,
preferably on a colored slip to distinguish it from the original.
A full record is made on the slip, showing all the essential
features of the item. The carbon copy is used as the credit
ticket upon advice of payment or credit. The two slips are
then filed according to the bank where the item is sent. In
this way the collection teller has before him only those items
which are unpaid, thus rendering it an easy matter to trace
such items when necessary, and enabling the teller to give
at a moment's notice the description of every item held by

-
in
H

2 s~

y. 3

<~>S

o £
r --
r r

w hrl

CHARGE.....

Payer

Where Payable
"Note

.Ex.

Draft
CREDIT

Due Tracer sent.

Date Sent. .
ADVISED

Form used in Collecting Drafts.

the bank's correspondents. Inasmuch as many banks have
been defendants in suits arising from the dilatory handling
of collections, this system has many advantages and is much

used. , , ,

The ultimate success of the collection department depends
largely upon the messengers, as they come into direct contact
with the business public. It is essential that the messengers
represent their institution in a thoroughly business-like man-
ner They should be courteous and on occasion tactful. It
not, many a collection that might with proper handling have
been made, will fail. .

It is well recognized that the scope and possibilities of a
position are determined in large measure by the men in
charge This is particularly true of the position occupied by
the bead of the collection department. Through his depart-
ment pass an unending stream of checks, notes, drafts, bills
of exchange, securities, etc., giving him an opportunity to
gain a knowledge of these instruments and of the parties to
them, which should in time prove invaluable. Every book of
reference which he is called to consult is replete with valu-
able information concerning the laws and customs of banking
in the various states. Frequent reference is necessary to au-
thorities on commercial law and negotiable instruments to
aid him in detecting and dealing with irregularities in paper.
In short, the teller who handles collections should be the best
informed employee in the bank.

Also the collection clerk has many opportunities to help
secure deposits. If a collection has been made for a person
not a depositor it is quite proper to suggest to him a cer-
tificate of deposit, or, if he is leaving town, that he purchase

a Especially important for the collection teller are courtesy
and tact, combined with sound judgment. He is brought into
daily contact, not alone with the bank's customers, but with
the public at large, and is the standard of the bank as seen
by them He therefore shows his loyalty for the institution
by bis manner towards those with whom he comes into con-
tact in the discharge of his duty. As he is. so is his bank,
and it is for him to see that his standard is worthy of his
institution.

(By permission of the Ronald Press Co., New -\ ork City.)

HASH.

Hostess— How do you find the meat, Mr. Jones?
Jones-Only by the greatest perseverance!— London Opin-
ion.

'I have only the most distant relatives."
"Has the family died out?"
"No; they have all become rich."

Xk^n S-*~

Sl]p luampBs Journal

'NEW YORK AS A LABORATORY FOR THE COM-
MERCIAL TEACHER AND THE COMMER-
CIAL STUDENT."
By E. J. Clapp, Ph.D., New York University.
Dr. Clapp, Head of the Department of Trade and Trans-
portation in the New York University School of Commerce,
Accounts and Finance, addressed the E. C. T. A. Convention
at Albany on the subject of "New York as a Laboratory for
the Commercial Teacher and the Commercial Student." He
emphasized the fact that the various commercial subjects
taught in the universities, such as Corporation Finance and
Transportation, are becoming real sciences. In the univer-
sities they must be taught as sciences that is, their princi-
ples must be taught. But at the same time it is necessary
to keep in close touch with business practice.

Dr. Clapp said that there were two ways to acquire fami-
larity with the working of the business machine. First, it is
possible to work in a factory or an office during the daytime
and at night take evening courses at the School of Com-
merce. But this is a severe drain upon the ordinary student
and does not leave him time for study. Also, the business
experience that he gets is likely to be of a very circum-
scribed sort. A better way for the student to get familiarity
with the business is to make visits of inspection at factories,
railroad terminals, etc.

Dr. Clapp then described the opportunities for such labora-
tory work in commercial science in Xew York, as in practice
at the Xew York University School of Commerce, Accounts
and Finance. In the class in Business Organization, various
manufacturing concerns in New York loft buildings, and also
the more extensive factory layouts in Brooklyn and Jersey
are inspected. The class in Trade views the various technical
operations in handling grain at the Port of Xew York, from
the time when it arrives by railroad car to the time it is
delivered by lighter alongside of the ship which exports it.
The handling of cotton and anthracite coal are similarly in-
spected.

The class in Transportation visits the Jersey terminal of
one of the Jersey roads and inspects also one of its railroad
piers on the West Shore of Manhattan. Detailed study is
given to the models and plans of the Commissioner of Docks
and Ferries, who wants to transfer these water-front ter-
minal operations of the railroads to freight stations which
thej are to acquire on the East Side of West Street, and
which they are to reach over an elevated marginal freight
railway constructed by the city. He calculates that this will
set free, for the use of the crowded steamships, a large num-
ber of railroad piers now utilized as floating freight yards.

Finally, Dr. Clapp discussed the plans for a new course next
fall, in "The Business of Government." It is to be a study
of the activities of the City of X'ew York, considered as a
public corporation, just as the business of a private corpora-
tion would be studied in detail. In addition to a minute study
of the organization and operation of the various City Depart-
ments, the course will include visits of inspection to all of
the leading municipal enterprises, especially those of a com-
mercial nature.

The address was an interesting exposition of the oppor-
tunities offered in X'ew York to the student or teacher who
wishes to pursue a higher commercial education and who de-
sires to combine with a study of business principles an in-
sight into the practical workings of business organizations.

A SUGGESTED COURSE IN COMMERCIAL
TRAINING FOR TEACHERS."

Abstract of paper read by Arthur J. Meredith, Director of

the Commercial Department, State Sormal School,

Salem, Massachusetts.

As so much attention is being given in our day to voca-
tional training and as the supply of professionally and tech-
nically trained teachers of vocational subjects is so limited,
it is necessary to devise some means for preparing such
teachers. This is being done by some of our colleges, nor-
mal schools and private institutions.

A successful commercial teacher should know something
more of life than the one subject he is teaching and more
of his subject than is contained in the particular text he
happens to be teaching from. A commercial teacher should
have the broadest and most varied education possible to be
procured because he is ranked with and compared to high
school teachers who are college graduates and have techni-
cal as well as liberal educations.

His professional training should consist of two clearly de-
fined but not distinct lines of work, — the science of education
and the art of teaching. The former should include physi-
ology with special reference to personal and school hygiene,
educational psychology and the psychology of adolescence:
the latter should include the purpose and principles of educa-
tion, general and special methods of teaching, school organ-
ization, school management and the history of education.

The technical training of a commercial teacher should con-
sist of a careful study of all the subjects taught in a well
organized high school commercial department together with
the methods of teaching these subjects and as many broad
and cultural subjects as it is possible to acquire.

The commercial teacher of the future will have heavier
demands placed upon him and will be required to do much
more than he has had to do in the past. With this extra
training will come extra compensation and extra satisfac-
tion to the faithful and hard worked commercial teacher.

Health is a state of physical, mental, and moral equilibrium,

a normal functioning of body, mind a; I -.Mil It is the state
when work is a pleasure, when the world looks good and
beautiful, and the battle of life seems worth while. Health
is the antithesis of disease, degeneracy, and crime.

PREVENTION OF SHORT-PAID POSTAGE.
Consul Alfred Winslow, of Valparaiso, in a recent report
again calls attention to the subject of short postage on letters
from the United States to Chile, stating that the consulate
receives by each mail from the United States from f> to 1">
letters bearing only 2-cent stamps. The consul quotes from
a letter received from one of the leading import houses in
Chile, as follows :

The frequency with which we receive letters from the
United States insufficient!) stamped makes it desirous
that attention be officially called to the fact. In the case
of correspondence of value this would be a small mat-
ter, but as we are constantlv flooded with all kind-, a
large proportion of which is of no use to us and is
unsolicited, the almost daily payment of 12 cents and
more on each of a large number of letters becomes
tiresome.

Foreign postage is one of the subjects treated in a bulletin
just issued by the Bureau of Manufactures, entitled "Factors
in foreign trade." in which it is stated for each country
whether Postal Union or other rates are applicable and
whether there is a parcel post with the United States In a
summary of postal regulations there are given in detail the
Postal Union rates, parcel-post regulations, and a list of
countries for which international replv coupons are available.
Copies of this bulletin, if placed in the hands of those in
charge of mailing letters to foreign countries, would do much
toward preventing short-paid postage, of which consuls and
others have repeatedly made complaint. Copies of the bulletin
may be obtained by application to the Bureau of Manufacture.

XVI

(Li\t Suatnraa 3trarnal

NOT ALL TO THE GOOD.

There Are Some Things Chargeable Against the Type-
writer.

Whatever effect machinery may have had on human tem-
perament dure i- iiu doubt in any one's mind as to its effect
in increasing the amount of. manufactured production and in
increasing the speed of conveyances. No one needs to be
told of the great margin of difference between the product
of the old-time hand loom. Nor is it necessary to remind
readers that a modern automobile gets over the ground some-
what faster than a man-propelled wheelbarrow. The purely
material results of mechanical progress are obvious. The
psychological results are still a matter of some doubt. The
effect of machinery on temperament and mental activity is
positive and beyond question, but its extent in varying cir-
cumstances is open to interesting debate.

The material value of the typewriter, for example. IS not
disputed by anybody who has ever seen a machine. There
is common recognition of the fact that a fairly proficient
operator can write nearly twice as fast on a machine as "by
hand". But the temperamental effect, or whatever it may-
be calied, of the mechanical method has often been discussed.
In matters of business the change in the style of letters seems
apparent. The modern business communication is more terse
and direct than its prototype of the days of pen and ink. It
is less elaborate, less floral in expression. It strikes to the
subject in hand and goes to a finish without delay. Apparent-
ly it absorbs something of the mechanical quality from the
machine on which it is produced, and the human side of the
writer seems correspondingly obscured. When writing on
a machine few individuals are so well poised as to be able
to express themselves precisely as they would if using pen
and ink. And in dictation there is the same subtle change
in the mental current. The substance may be the same, but
the form is noticeably different.

It may he unfair to attribute the changes in epistolary styles
entirely to the introduction of the typewriter. So far as grace
and artistic expression are concerned, it may be considered
a deterioration, although this applies only to what may be
called the -'inner" qualities of letters. Certainly, so far as
the material aspect is concerned, the typewritten letter is a
wonderful improvement over the pen-and-ink product of tins
or any other age, in neatness, grace, legibility, and general
artistic appearance.

But some intangible quality has disappeared from the epis-
tolarv form, nor can improved methods of business be held
altogether responsible for this. Critical commentators on the
customs of the times have complained that "letter writing is
a 1 -t art". It i- not only in business hut in social communica-
tions that the deterioration has been noted. Evidently some
influence other than the typewriter ha- been .it work.

In purely literary production it might be difficult to deter-
mine m-t what the influence of the typewriter has been. Most
novels in these days are written on typewriters. The method
would certainly seem to facilitate the mechanical side of
production, hut what is its effect on the mental part oi the
process? Does the machine stimulate original thought and
powers of invention and expression, or does it act at a de-
terrent ''

Authors have not agreed on this important question. It
all seems to depend largely on the individual temperament:
some are benefited bj the opportunity for greater rapiditj
in inscribing their hefty thoughts mi paper, while other- are
cramped in their Mow of thought and feel the presence of the
machine as an obstacle. Beginners in literature have little

satisfactory authority on which to proceed; from the con-
flicting talk they cannot be certain whether a typewriter will

aid or hamper "their pursuit of faun and the elusive dollar.

In the meantime, everj -crap of pers nal evidence on this
point oughl to 1"' of some value.

\ lady writer who recently had her first novel accepted

for publication by an eminent firm offers this interesting
testimony from the depths of her si rl . "I wrote the book

like a whirlwind, sitting on the .due of a tiptilted camp chair.

nding mj typewriter with fingers cold from excitement.
i er ci pied but two pages, and one of these was a mis-
print from the carbon I P nc". writing
ih the machine. A pen would paralyze my brain."
From tii- last statement we may conclude that many
modern authors make the -ad mistake of not using type
writer- The method here indicated seems worth trying, for
those who are still engaged in painful literarj experimenta-

WHY NOT WAKE UP?

We bear a great deal about our ability to get whatever we
want in life, and some way have wondered why this rule —
if true — does not work out that way when put to a practical
test. It does!

"But, bow can that be?" you ask. "Everybody wants to
'make good'; everybod) is wishing for success; then, why is
it that so few persons ever succeeded?"

At first thought this may seem a difficult question to an-
swer. As a matter of fact, it is quite the opposite. To find
the reason for SO many failure-, it is only necessary to study
the men and women who fail. A glance at their work will
give you the answer to your inquiry.

Of course, they would like to succeed in everything they
undertake. Few' persons would be so foolish as to waste
time, money and energy in trying to accomplish something
which they were certain would come to nothing. Before one
can start— if the start is to be made conscientiously — there
must be a certain amount of confidence — a certain amount of
faith in one's ability to succeed. And, if the promise made
at the beginning is 'to be realized, the game must be played
throughout in the same spirit.

There is a law of remuneration that works through every-
thing in life— a law that makes it possible for us to estimate
the probable results of our efforts with almost as perfect ac-
curacy as we calculate our interest in the hank. If we deposit
$io, and know that the interest is to be paid at the rate of
4 per cent., it does not require much time for us to ascertain
that our profits on the deposit at the end of the year will be
exactly 40 cent-. If we feel that we must have more money,
it is up to us to take the deposit out of the bank and put
it to work where it can accomplish greater results.

It i- the same law which applies to the matter of personal
service. Though we may work ever so hard with our hand-,
the result will never show much improvement until we wake
up to the necessity of putting more of our own personality
into it. It is not until the mind begins to cooperate with the
hands that we can commence to trace an improvement in the
quality of our product.

In other words, the value of our labor is not— and cannot
be— computed upon a basis of the time spent on it. or even
by the amount of physical strength put into it. If it were
time and strength alone that counted, the laborer in the -met
would be entitled to a larger remuneration than those who
are more active in directing the affairs of the world. But.
we know that this is not so— we know that it is our mental
efforts that really count in fixing an equitable basis of re-
muneration—that' it is only when we have awakened to use
our mental force- properly, that we begin to derive something
like adequate reward for our effort-. Of course, work m it-
self counts, but until it has become the actual manifestation
of thought it realK count- for comparatively little.

It i- here. then, that we find the secret of human failure.
There are plenty of people who wish to "make good", hut
they do not want to succeed badly enough to give the thought
to their work that it really requires. They let their hands
wander on while they— in one sense, at least— sleep. Before
they can yet out of this rut they must wake up, ami they
must keep' awake to the fact that the hand- are merely the

material instruments by which a product is produced— that
the real force that produces unto perfection 1- thought, the

mental factor that alone can make an apparently worthless
thing worth merely while by finding a purpose for it

—Graham lb»>n in Acre York Globe.

A SAD EVENT.

The irrepressible "Tody" Hamilton, who is held to know
as much about circuses a- any human being could, tells of
the misfortunes of an Ohio man who was attempting to pilot
a "one-tent show" through the Middle West,

This owner lost a number of valuable animals, by accident
and otherwise; so that it was with considerable sympathy that
one of his keepers undertook the task of "breaking gently to
man" the news of further disaster. The keeper ac-
complished this with much tact, a- follows:

"Mr. Morgan, you remember that laffin" hyena in cage N'o.
s-"

-Remember the laughing hyena?" repeated the owner
"What the deuce are you driving at?"

"Simply this. Mr. Morgan; he ain't got nothin' to laugh
at this mornin'." — January Lip pit

.' % 4 % ♦ % % ' 1

INTERMEDIATE COURSE.

Writing for the Accountant.

f,Wi>:r-

miiii'%/'.

^tyyyz^y ^Ot^yi^i/ ^U^nuy ^Oui^uty ^ui^yyz^y ^Lt^yyi^t/ ^-IU^vi^l/

LESSON TWENTY-SEVEN.

The upper loops should be made with a bold rolling motion and a slight finger action. Upper loops should be two and a half spaces high. See
scale. The movement exercise on the first line will aid in developing the proper motion for these loops. Be sure to make a decided loop in "/" to dis-
tinguish it from " t". Write these words with a rolling motion.

_J^ J4-U4- J4^44- ^4444- J44-U- J444-^ J4444-

^A^aJt-IsUiJI^ ^A^Js-uyui^ ^AaaJs-vlaJ^ ^UA^uyiJr' ^uJr-uyUlr'

LESSON TWENTT-EIGIIT.

Review the "/" exercise In the preceding lesson. Make a turn at the bottom of "6" and finish with a point or dot at the same height as the
crossing in the loop. Curve the line well in passing from one "*" to another. Write a page of each word. Write on each line Just what appears in
the copy. Short loops.

STEEL PENS IN THE TROPICS.
(From Consul Milton B. Kirk. Manzanillo, Mexico,)

Experience in several tropical countries shows that the
ordinary steel pen used in the United States rust- very
quickly during the wet season <>r at a seaport, which renders
it practically useless. Bronze or brass pens, or those coated
with bronze, d i not seem to be thus affected. Ink deteriorates
very quickly in tropical climates and often has the consis-

bronze or brass pen or with a pen coated with bronze, the
coated ink is easily wiped or burnt off.

In order to avoid tin* rusting of steel pens, a box containing
the usual 1 gross might be divided in a way that would
expose only 1 dozen at a time, or pens might be packed in
oiled paper envelopes holding a dozen each and then placed
in the usual cardboard boxes. It is not believed that the
additional cost of packing would be enough to affect the

(Ei]? Mv&mtBB Journal

^VW ^VL/ ^VL/ ^Viy ^Kl/ ^TL/ ^>VL/ ^ftl/ ^Vl^ ^4^ ^J^ ^1^ ^^ ^J^ ^L/

^vi^h^h^a^rhy ^h^xyh^zyh^ ^h^h^h^Jh^ih^y ^yn^n^Ji^fufu^ ^z^xJn^n^i/

y^yzytyuc^riy /non^tA>/Ki/ yn^Kutyuc^Ki^ ^n^n^u^cJ^ty ynnn^A^c^vi^ /m^u^A/

LESSON TWENTY-NINE.

Review "/" End "b". Notice the height of
verted. Practice " h" singly, then in groups cf five.

in the scale,
groups to a

sil rounded turns in the last part of " h ". It is just 1 ke
ord "height" give special attention to the joining of " gh '

s17E7r~ ^Jes ^Ay ^fs/ ^vz/ ^k/ ^fey yye/ ^Js^ ^ves ^ye^ ^Jes *Jfes ^fes

^vs^ye^rz^e^ey ^sJkJtzJkJk/ ^K>4^d^^ye/ ^e^s^^s^rz^ . ^zJz^e^z^Kds

^J^u^Oty ' -AJ^4AJLi/ ^aJ^^a^-J^ ^U^A^Oty ^AJ^LA^tyty ^A^a^vutZy

^e^n^AA^c^yLty ^z^n^yu^>Pe^Le^ ^J^n^A^^zA^i/ ^e^nn^AA^(>rzyuty

LESSON THIRTY. """

Study the "*" in the scale. Notice the little kink in the last part of ■•*". Avoid making the last part too large for the loop. Always
words carefully— try to imitate the copy. Watch the "a" and "c" in the word "knuckle". Use a rolling motion in last part of "skull".

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.
C. W. D. Coffin, American Book Co., New York City.
A. B. Wraught, Public Schools, Pittsfield, Mass.

J. E. Soule, Engrossing Artist, Philadelphia, Pa.
11. E. Moore, Drake College, Jersey City, N. J.
Mrs. M. 1. Miner, Miner's Business Academy, Brooklyn,
W. E. Worthington, High School, Red Bank, N. J.
E. B. Woods, High School, Red Bank, N. J.
G. A. Van Nosdall, New York City.
Mi tings Hawkcs, High School, Brockton, Mass.
■C. L. Newell, Wood's School, Brooklyn, N. Y.
L. W. Barton, Bradford, Pa.
C. E. Walker, Kingston, Jamaica
Andrew J. Graham Sextoki, New York.

LOOK UP. LIFT UP.

Nobody can really harm you but yourself.

On the faces of the happy aged it is a well-known fact
that wrinkles are only the footprints of smiles.

On the vehicle of modern progress the creak of the wheel
i- the pessimistic protest; a little optimistic lubricant will
silence both the creak and the croak.

A grin is a counterfeit smile and does not pass current
because the heart stamp is not on it.

A hopeful optimism and sterling honesty are the ball
bearings of business negotiation,

A self-made man is nearly always proud of the job, the
tailor-made man of his tailor.

Nobody can compute the value of a smile; a frown has o>st

^■Jfc/m 5-f-

ADVANCED COURSE.

^t^n^t? .^ZjlL-^Z^.

be submitted by competitors in the Gold and Silver Medal Contests. Specimens must be

•>♦#♦*-

STENOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT.
SS GRACE O'NEIL, court reporter of Terre
Haute, Indiana, who was admitted to the Bat

sometime ago, as have beeen several women stenog-
raphers as an aid to their legal work, was the
first in that place to appear as attorney in open

proceedings. Her client was a man whose wife had brought

suit for divorce.

We are ir. receipt of the program of the Tenth Interna-
tiona] Congress of Shorthand Writers, to be held at Madrid,
Spain, beginning September 86th, 1912, and ending October
2nd. By a Royal decree of the Mini-try of Public Instruc-
tion the Congress has been declared official and put under
the Royal patronage of His Majesty the King. There will
be a shorthand competition composed of three exercises, one
of 90 words per minute as a minimum, one of 120, and one
of 140 to 150, in which parlimentary reporters are not al-
lowed to take part. There will also be a contest for the
National Championship of typewriting. The committee of
arrangements say. "We would especially appeal to those who
dedicate themselves to the teaching of shorthand and type-
writing, to help the exhibition by sending their works either
by themselves or their pupils, presenting the same in an artis-
tic form, if possible framed and covered by glass in order
that the installation may have a pleasant effect on both Na-
tional and foreign visitors who may honor us by their pres-
ence."' Essayists are also invited to -end papers on various
subjects, and prizes are to be awarded.

A Michigan correspondent says, "The case of the United
States versus a large number of corporations and individuals
engaged in the manufacture of sanitary enameled ware,
known as the Bath Tub Case, was concluded recently in the
United States District Court at Detroit. A daily copy was
made of the case by I. eland B, Case, the official reporter, as-
sisted bv William F. Giefel and several others.

Vnother Indianapolis stenographer, Grace O. Riggs, has
had a more painful experience. She purchased a building lot
for $000 from a man named Parker O. Lee, and discover-
ing after she bad parted with her money that he was not the
owner of the property be had purported to sell, she had him
arrested for larceny, on which charge he was convicted and
sentenced to the penitentiary, but sentence was suspended dur-
ing his good behaviour. He took an appeal, not on the
ground thai he was unjustly imprisoned, for lie bad not been
imprisoned at all. but. in the language of the Supreme I "in!
"to expunge a record of conviction which clouds his good
name" If In- had really been mistaken as to his title to the
property which be sold, it might naturally be expected that

be would have returned the money paid him under a niisap-

reh(

there

lid have bee

-'Ccasion ti

► * ♦

Charles I» Johnson, a stenographer in the Superior Court
at Indianapolis. Indiana, was recently placed in an embarras-
sing sanation while in the discharge of bis official duties. A
man named McConnell was suing for an annulment of his
marriage, and called an Irish woman, no longer young, to
testify that she had seen indiscreet conduct on the part of
Mrs. McConnell. When pres-ed for details of their acts she
walked up to Mr. Johnson and said. "If I dared put ni\ .Tins
around this gentleman I would show you." anil thereupon
proceeded to embrace him. but be ducked under the table
shouting "Don't try that on me." and the witness was re-
strained from further patomime.

We have received from various sources a number of news-
paper clippings and marked articles in regard to the Lorimer-
Blumenberg incident, but think it would be unprofitable to
go into the subject, which presents two phases. One con-
cerns the integrity, or lack of it. of Detective Burns, with
which shorthand writers are not especially concerned. The
other is a technical question in which they are, of course,
interested, but as to which the disputants can never agree be-
cause they reason from widely different premises. If a
stenographer testified that he made a full report of a con-
versation, under circumstances which common experience
shows would have made it practically impossible for him to
have heard all that was said, anil if he produced as a full
report some notes written in a style of shorthand which
every stenographer knows could not he used for anything
more rapid than a slow dictation, it can he reasonably in-
ferred that be did not tell the truth. If, on the other hand,
he swore that he bad listened at a modern substitute for a
key-hole, and had made notes in his cumbrous shorthand of
what he heard, to assist his memory, there is nothing im-
probable in the statement. In the latter case his assisted
memory might have some evidential value, but the notes
would have none and could not be properly called a short-
hand report.

The Pennsylvania State Association has been obliged to-
reduce its nominal membership by dropping a few men who
for years have done nothing for the general good, not even
paying the small annual dues. Some of them are absorbers,
in more senses than one. and they will be no loss.

WANTED.

A man — who is gentle and just :
A man who is Upright and true to his trust.
Who cares more for honor and love than for pelf.
\i I who holds his neighbor as dear as himself.
Who's -obcr and earnest, and merry and gay,
Who cheerfully shoulders the care- of the day;

^■X/e/m S-f-

s % %•*% « * %

®h* Suatnpsg Journal

A recent photograph of the Bowling Green Business University, Bowling Green, Ky.

This Institution opens its Summer Training School for Commercial Teachers. July 2nd.
It has employed some of the hest talent in the profession to assist the regular faculty.
THREE OF AMERICA'S GREATEST PENMEN ARK AMONG THE NUMBER. Writ.

its li

FAUST'S SPECIAL RULED PRACTICE PAPER

Our leading penmen, Mills, Healey, Darner, and scores of others are using the
Kaust plan of ruled practice paper. The special ruling has many advantages, it costs
no more, perhaps less than the kind you are using and gets quicker and superior re-
sults. Give it a trial. Sample and circulars sent upon request.

Address C. A. FAUST, 1024 N. Robey St., Chicago, 111.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album Form

E. H. McGHEE box set TRENTON. N. J.

NO ESCAPE.

Boracic acid in the soup,

W 1 alcohol in wine.

Catsups d\ til a lurid hue

Bj using aniline ;

The old ground hulls of cocoanuts
Served to us as spices ;

I reckon crisp and frigid glass

Is dished i 'lit with the ices.

The milk — the kind the old cow gives
Way down at Cloverside —

I I one-third milk and water, and —
And then — formaldehj di

The syrup's bleached by using tin,

And honey's just glucose,
And what the fancy butter is

The goodness gracious knows.

The olive oil's of cotton seed,
There's alum in the bread;

It's really a surprise to me

The whole durned race ain't dead.

Meantime all the germs and things

Are buzzing lit to kill ;
It" the food you eat don't git you

The goldarned microbes will.

— New Orleans Times-Democrat

Four Questions About Progress

-Are you keeping up with your competitors?

Gibbon says — "All that i>- human must retrograde if it do not advance." This applies t" you as a
school proprietor, as well as to us as publishers. Are you keeping yourself thoroughhj informed as 1. 1 what
your competitors are doing, and especially as to how they are doing it? You must know what books
and methods they adopt, before you can answer the above question intelligently. Let us help you not only
to equal, but to surpass all those with whom you must compete.

-Are we keeping up with our competitors?

We make it an important part of our business to know thoroughly all the best works that other
publishers have issued. We study their books carefully, asking ourselves wherein we could have done any
better. We aim to surpass all others so far that they will not catch up with us until we are ready to make
another advance.

-Are we keeping up with you?

Your needs are changing from year to year. We are anticipating your needs, and in many instances
we arc ready with the remedy before you know you need it. Business methods advance, anil unless you
keep in close touch with the commercial side of life, you will be left behind without knowing it It is
our business to keep up with you, and keep you up by leading the way.

-Are you keeping i</> with us?

It avails nothing for us t" prepare the way if you will not follow. The pilot cannot direct the
course until the captain gives the command to weigh anchor. Are you ready to cut loose from antiquated

text-1 ks ami follow the newl ed passage to the haven of Success? Until you do this you are

not keeping up with us.

Special terms on books for examination. Even our catal >gue will interest you. Write for it.

The Practical Text Book Company

(We pay the freight.)

Cleveland, Ohio.

Shr iilusinrsa Jaurnal

COMMERCIAL TEACHERS

agency

U. S.

„ Leader and a Specialist in
same manager. Operates locally

lenal success in filling pos
hers' Agency field. Oldes
nally. Direct recommend:

PENN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, 205 E. 7th STREET, ALLENTOWN, PA.

Penmen and First-Class Commercial Teachers Wanted.

We have more than 100 vacancies for good commercial teachers.
Must have more teachers. May we nominate YOU?

FREE REGISTRATION
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY, Bowling Green, Ky.

THE RUSH IS ON !

September. Your success depei
fications. but largely in market

cess through us. We fill cho
fidential service. No advar
vou are available.

d schools are actively
;ing teachers for next
ends not alone upon your quali-
eting your ability. Many proiri
led a big measure of their sue-
loice positions everywhere. Con
fee. Write us promptly, saying

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,
ROBERT A. GRANT, Mgr. Webster Grove., St. Louis, 1

positions
commercial

TEACHERS
SPECIALTY

447 South Second Street,

Louisville, Kentucky

NO REGISTRATION FEE.

DID WE LAND THE SEVEN ?

Well, by this time, April 30, others are in the game, of course. Many
candidates have been interviewed, but, of the seven needed for the big
high school, only three are hired — and they are all ours.

Meanwhile, we have, among many scores of others, a Gregg place
for a man at from $1,600 to $2,000; a high school penmanship call at $1,250;
a request for a business manager at from $1,800 to $2,000; a city penman-
ship supervisorship at $2,500 to start; a principalship in the commercial
department of a great Eastern business school at $1,800 to $2,000; a Benn
Pitman shorthand principalship at $1,500 to $1,800; a penmanship specialist
in a great school— rare opportunity— at $1,600 to $1,800— and scores of
places at from $1,000 to $1,500. Every mail is bringing others.

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency, ,f E

U BAKER AVE. BEVERLY, MASS.

A Specialty by a Specialist

TIME

TO GET READY FOR BUSINESS

Teachers who
best teachers, sho
We are already li
can do for YOU?

wish good positions

lid not wait until the

ling up good teachers

Registration Free.

next year, and <
end of the sch
with good schoc

ool year to
Is. Is ther

schools desiring the

begin negotiations.

e not something we

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU,

"Good Te.cher. for Good Schools."

dc, Tribune

Building,

New York City.

Established 1877

We Recommend Good Teachers to Good
School..

We have Schools for Sale.- — Bargains.
Give us a Trial. Registration is Free.

LINK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY

BREWER

A. T. LINK. Mb

BOISE. IDAHO

TEICHERS'
IGENCY

1302 AUDITORIUM BUILDING, CHICAGO

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed fur 50c. Send 2c. for circular

W I? TYTTXTW 267 EGE AVENUE
W. fc,. DUJNJN, JERSEY CITV.N. J.

YOUR CALL TO THE FRONT.

By D. C. Mcintosh, Dover, Ar. H.

Lest you forget!

You graduate in June.

Then what?

A wrong decision now means a life
time of regret !

Consider well all avenues of possible
success ! Investigate carefully ! Ask the
men who know !

Then choose, and having chosen, with
courage, confidence and concentration,
set out AND WIN!

Think of it!
750 Dollars— the average lawyer's in-
come.

1400 Dollars— the average doctor's in-
come.

1000 Dollars— the average dentist's in-
come.

And that, too, after an investment of
from $2,000 to $4,000 in a college edu-
cation and at a cost of four of the best
years of life!

Yes, think of it !

Now, think of this!

It is a poor Business Man who is
not enjoving an annual income in excess
of $2,000.

5,000 Dollars is a very common thing !

10,000 Dollars, 25,000 Dollars, yes 50.-
000 Dollars are such common incomes
in the Business World that the mention
of the fact causes no surprise or com-
ment !

Big Prizes? Yes!

Certainly the Business Man is King.

The lawyer and the professional man
have come to know their interests are
best served, serving the Business Man
— or better still, by engaging in Busi-
ness themselves !

It was not always so!

But so it is!

Who would limit himself to the re-
wards of a professional career when
such Big Prizes are calling for men of
red blood, daring and enterprise.

Business places no limit to "OUr suc-
cess '

$20,000 per year?

Certainlv ! You can attain it !

The Business Man plans, orders,
dreams — and he makes his dreams come
true.

Achievement— the joy of success is
life.

Manufacturing plants, flourishing ci-
ties, ships, railroads, trade, th" wealth
of nations, all are but fruits of his en-
terprise.

Who wouldn't choose to follow this,
the greatest game of all — Business!
\nd you will choose!

And if vou choose Business you can.
if vou will, before you are SO years of
age. be worth $10,000. I know !

So when you choose your career —
don't limit yourself— give vour ability
and intelligence ranee to work. Be sure
vou can more quicklv reach success and
power through the Battlefields of l'u-i-

CHANGE HAS COME.

A first by-product of universal edu-
cation is alwavs n class of discontented,
snobbish, would-be brain-workers, who
must be lawyers, physicians, poets,
statesmen, prophets, reformers. Don
Quixotes, and martyrs But true science
is the most democratic teacher under
the sun. And we are no longer teach-
ine Latin to every farmer's boy. He is
getting the chemistry of soils instead,
and taking the knowledge back to the
farm.

ing advertisements please

The Business Joe

57 TksrY) S

♦ % % % *

ii>lj* UuBturss Journal

X'eu- Commercial II

School in a large city
the Mississippi Valley has
just asked us for six com-
mercial teachers at salaries up to
$1,500 per year. We have many
more good positions and can use
more high grade teachers. Good
penmen are especially desired.

J. E. BOYD, Manager

720 Stewart Ave. Kansas City, K»n<

$P%y>:

<>W

WANTED— Three or four experienced busi-
ness college men or women to join me in in
Corporating a school that has been in opera-
tion less than two years an.l has enrolled moie
than 1,000 students. Located in one of the
largest cities in the U. S. More than $10.-
000 has been spent in advertising. This can
be made one of the largest and best business
colleges in America. ' The object of incor-
porating is to divide the responsibility. I
want an expert in stenography (Gregg), an
expert for business department and an expert
business getter. This is worth investigating.
Don't answer unless you have money and
mean business. Give full particulars if you
answer. Address "Investment," c/o Business
Journal.

For Sale. Well established business col-
lege in live, growing, manufacturing city, and
good farming community, within ftfl miles of
Chicago. For particulars address "Educator,"
1036 La Salle Ave., Chicago, 111.

FOR SALE— A well established, flourishing
Business School in city of 350.000 in one of
the northern States. Well located in new
building. Doing good business. Satisfactory
reasons of private nature for selling. Cor-
respondence confidential. Address Box 4S2,
c/o Business Journal.

Typewriting

2 to i
th

Touch Svstem. How to learn th<
months at Home. Explanatory booklet
diagrams. Post free 6d. (12 cents) from

TAMES WRIGHT.
53 Fourth Avenue, North, Kirkcaldy, Scot
land.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
•tick ink — the kind that is pitchy black on
shades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea,
and is far superior to Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz had a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this has
been placed in our hands for sale.

We onlv have on hand a few of the $4.00
sticks. These will be sold at $1.00 less than
the regular price until the supply is exhausted.

Enough in one large stick to last a lifetime.

Those interested should order without delay.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg., New York City

(tltpliusinfss lourtral

\i:w York

^>^|[m5iiu,ssttlriting//v/// tedjorw y/,s /, ///
£l\c l$xi$i\M$$ 3our t;a {

'/////// ,/ .;///,/, ////// &adio School .

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL'S PENMANSHIP CERTIFICATE.

This Certificate is issued to any one who completes the course in Business
Writing given in the Journal. Thousands have heen issued during the past ten
years. A Charge of fifty cents is made for it to defray expense of engrossing
name of pupil, name of school, etc. It is signed by the Conductor of the Course,
Editor of the Journal, and Secretary of the Self-Help Club.

It is a handsome specimen of the art of penmanship, printed on azure tinted
parchment paper 16 x 21 inches in size. The requirements for obtaining this
Certificate are as follows :

1. Every candidate must b a subscriber to The Journal.

8. All work assigned in The Journal's series of lessons must be well and
faithfuly dnne to the satisfaction of the teacher.

;;. A final specimen of writing accompanied by the endorsement and recom-
mendation of the teacher must be sent to The Journal office.

Teachers are invited to call their students' attention to this Certificate. No
more appropriate evidence of careful practice can be had. Framed copies of the
Certificate ornament the offices of hundreds of business training schools. June
is the diploma month, and we hope to have the -leasure of isuing a Certificate to
every earnest student of Business Writing.

ESTERBR00K

"CARDS

iT^

313

STEEL PENS

A STY LE FOR
EVERY WRITER

Fine Points,
Al, 128, 333, 818

At all Stationers.

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.,

W.rki: Cuulea, N. J. 95 John St., N. Y.

ring advertisements please mention The Busihi

it ents with each

BUNK CARDS

>e very best blink
w on the market.
Hand cut. Come in 20 different colors. Sample 100
postpaid. ISc 1.000 by express. 7Sc Card Circular for
red stamp.

COMIC JOKER CARDS j£r ^f™

100 postpaid. 2<c. Less for more. Ink. Glossy Black or
Very Best Wb-te. 15c. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c Gillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c per doz. Lessons in Card
Writing. Circular for sramp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN. PA.

I AMES & ROLUNSON COMPANY

■ ..■ii.irrr

I BEST OUAUTY AT HODEMrE CDST-R1R1 « ■

uii LUim

203 Broad mw NewtOrk.,.

SIjc Susitwsa Jlmtrnal

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489— very soft

No. 490 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.

GILLOTT'S PENS

No. 601 E Magnum Quill Pen

Sold by Stationeri ETerywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FIELD & CO., Agents, 93 Chambers St., N. Y.

How To Become a Good Pen
iins beautiful ■pecimens of pe
Us how others became good f
amblyn System. Your name *

nan." It con -
nmanship and
rnmen by the
rill be elejrant-

404 Meyer Bldg. Ka

nsas City, Mo.

SELF - CONFIDENCE ALWAYS
ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESS.

The timid new stenographer gave a
little shiver of mingled admiration and
awe as the president's amanuensis came
into the room and put her notebook on
the copy holder and her pencils in the
drawer of her desk, in preparation for
her morning's work.

The timid stenographer folded her
hands and gazed at the older girl admir-
ingly.

"If he should ever ring when you're
not here.'" she said, with a little quiv-
ering laugh, "I'm going to put on my
hat and run home "

"Then you'll be a goose." responded
the other. "You'd better be glad of the
opportunity to trj and -ee if you can do
it. Do you want to keep on doing the
same, little, old, easy things all ' vour
life?"

"Of course not." said the other girl,
"but I do want t" be sure I can do
things before 1 try them."

"Then you'll never try," said the
president's stenographer, decidedly.
"How can you ever learn anything if
you never try to do anything different ?"

"But I'm so afraid of doing tilings
wrong, and I get so discouraged when
1 make mistakes," pleaded the younger

"Then don't let people know it. said
the president's stenographer. "An over-
bold girl is an abomination, but you
simply must have, or must act as if you
had, a reasonable amount of self-con-
fidence."

"But I'm such a miserably poor bluf-
fer," sighed the timid stenograoher.

"I don't advocate bluffing too much."
said the older firl. "but where there is
real capability behind it (and there is in
your case), a little bluffing is a mighty-
good thing. When I was in the short-
hand school," she continued, after a mo-
ment, "the teacher came to me one day
and asked me if I wanted to go out and
try a certain position that she had to
fill. I told her that 1 didn't think I
could do it and I wouldn't dare to trv.
Then she gave me just such a lecture as
1 have been giving •on. She told me
that I had learned the theon- as well as
I ever would, and that a little practical
experience would help me more than
weeks of schooling.

"I was a thorough-going little goose
and rather obstinate, too, I expect, and
I hesitated so long that finally she got
rather provoked and told me she had
to send some one right away and didn't
have time to argue with me any longer.
Then she went over to a girl who I
knew wasn't nearl- as well educated as
I was. couldn't read her notes nearly as
well and who didn't try half as hard,
and this other girl put her hat on imme-
diately and went out and aplied for the
position."

"Did she get it?" asked the timid one.
"Yes, she did," said the president's
stenographer. "And there wasn't aav
reason on earth why I couldn't have
gotten it, excent that I was a fraidy cat.
You may believe I never was so silly
again. I had to wait several weeks for
another o-nortunity. and then it wasn't
nearly so good as the first one, but 1
had learned my lesson, and I didn't hes-
itate the next time I was asked if I
wanted to try for a position.

"You may not succeed in everything
you try to do," she concluded, "but it's
prettv safe t<> say that you'll never suc-
ceed in anything you don't try." — Ex-
change.

The population of Scotland is now
4,759,455, an increase of 287,3242 over
1901. This is tin- smallest decennial in-
crease since 1861.

in Business Writing, Ornamental Writ-
ing, Engrossing Script and Lettering.
Pen copies. Red ink criticisms. Easy
payments. Circular free. Address

AMARILLO. TEXAS.

HIGGINS

^ETERNAL
INK

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

The kind y«i are sore to isc

with csaunuous satisfied*!.

At Dealers Generally.

;'e";|0r lead IS ceati for 2 »i.
bottle by mail, t*

CHAS. M. HIGGINS & CO., Mfr».

271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

PENS

Send to-day eight two-cent stamps for a set
of 36" assorted pens just suited for Business
Writing. Address,

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL,
Tribune Bldg.. New York City.

He who hath a thousand friends,
Hath not a friend to spare ;

But he who hath an enemy.
Will meet him everywhere.

Swift heels may catch the early shout,

And raise the loudest din ;
But 'tis the patient holding out.

That makes the winner win.

A stain upon your hands
May soon be swept away,

But stain upon the heart or toneue.
Remains, alas, for aye.

'Squire Terwilliger, the village oracle,
had returned from his first trip abroad,

"How did you like London'" they
asked him. as he sat on his old seat, the
vinegar barrel, in the corner grocery
stnre.

"It's a mighty fine town." lie said,
"Inn dang it. the people over there can't
talk their own language so's an ejjicated
man kin understand it."

Port Arthur, Texas, Business College,
ing advertisements please mention I'm B

^mXksm 5^

U% Huainraa Journal

Modernize Your
Commercial Course

Vitalize it by the introduction of the latest, most complete, most scientific,

most pedagogical, most practical and most teachable work on bookkeeping that
lias ever been published. There is only one text on the subject that meets this
description. It is

ROWE'S BOOKKEEPING AND ACCOUNTANCY

Richardson's Commercial Law, with Rowe's Drills in Writing Contracts,
and the New Essentials of Business Arithmetic, may be properly described in

the same terms. They are the best books in these branches in print.

For your shorthand classes, use Booth's Progressive Dictator, Miss Smith's
Typezvriting Lessons, Correct English: How to Use It. and the Inductive Set of
Commercial and Industrial Bookkeeping, and if properly taught you will impart
a stenographic training that will be worth while and that will place your school
away beyond your competitors in effectiveness.

\Ye have full information which will be supplied upon request.

BALTIMORE

~7fay /-f.>n/./xi>US£y&0. MARYLAND

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A TEXTBOOK OF

DISTINCTIVE AND SURPASSING MERIT

Graham's
Amanuensis Phonography

used in the stenographic classes in the

School of Industrial Arts,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

and leading Normal Schools

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It trains in outline building

It holds the pupils' interest

It decreases the teacher's work.

Price, $1.25, postpaid.

ANDREW J. GRAHAM & CO.

The Lyons' Accounting Series

All

in one

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We have spenl years in perfecting t lie most thorc

teachable course in bookkeeping' published. It is progressive

and in parts. Without having altered or abridged thi

parts in any way. we now offer the complete course bound in

one cover. The pupil, u] mmencing the course, buys oni

book which contains all the text part of the course.

Combination A
Modern Accountant. Revised, text
Wholesale Accounting, text
Mercantile Accounting, text
Modern Corporation Accounting, text

Combination B
Lyons' Bookkeeping, complete
Wholesale Accounting, text
Modern Corporation Accounting, text

You can well afford to write at once for details
of this mutually advantageous offer.

The combine. 1 text costs the stu
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price of each subsequent outfit is i

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LYONS & CARNAHAN

623 S. Wabash Ave.
CHICAGO

1133 Broadway
NEW YORK

THE BUSINESS WOMAN OF
YESTERDAY AND TO-DAY.

The business woman has become so
great a lactor in the commercial world
that one is no longer able to classify
her by her appearance, as was the case a
few years ago, when a glance was suf-
ficient to identif- her type. In the days
when she first entered man's sphere
she imitated her successful brother not
only in methods but also in costume,
wearing a severe tailored suit, a plain
sailor hat and common sense shoes.

To-day she dares to be frankly fem-
inine and goes forth in purple and fine
linen, powder and dimples. Not only
does she resemble her more prosperous
sister but sue has also blended the sym-
bols of her various professions till one
can no longer tell at a '"lance whether
she is stenographer, actress or lawyer.

At the typewriter agencies it is in-
teresting to note the appearance of sten-
ographers as they wait to apply for
employment. Here is a small blond
girl with large blue eyes, wearing a
tight dress and tilted hat and showing
evidence of the chorus. There a refin-
ed, delicate young woman shrinks
against the wall, the kind of girl who
will gladly accept a home when the right
man offers it. Just beyond her stands
a gray haired woman, earnest, patient,
dressed in worn skirt and a neat shirt-
waist, intent upon securing work not
only for to-day but also for to-morrow
and for all the other days of her exis-
tence.

The educational ranks have also un-
dergone a change. Years ago, and not
so many years either, one thought of a
teacher as a prim person with spectacles
on nose and ruler in hand, yet by far the
greater number of modern teachers are
bright faced bachelor girls, loving their
charges and loved in return.

Another interesting phase of the new
feminine element in business is its youth
and vivacity. Several weeks ago on
the pier of one of the large steamship
companies stood two girls talking
earnestly. The elder was the American
representative of a foreign firm and
prior to sailing was going over routine
details with her secretary, a "olden hair-
ed girl of about 20. A successful man-
ager would scarcely be expected to in-
dulge in frivolity, yet this one mailed
the following postal to a friend :

Latest news ; I have a real nice live
baron (title given at length) at my right
at table who promises to be an agree-
able companion. Besides I saw another
man who would meet with my ap-
proval.

A GOOD HANDWRITING.

Is usually required as an accompani-
ment of skill in bookkeeping and sten-
ography, and to learn these latter mere-
ly will not advance the interests of the
student to the degree he might expect.

Many applicants for vacant posi-
tions, where it is necessary to apply by
letter, although otherwise fully qualified,
are unable to get an interview owing to
their bad handwriting. It is, therefore,
(rf primary importance that those who
are intended for business life (and it
is equal] v applicable to both sexes),
should be able to write a clear, business
hand.

Uilje iBitampHS Journal

Practically Unanimous!

'"^he Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

Underwood
Typewriter

BOOKKEEPERS, STENOGRAPHERS AND TEACHERS WANTED

Our Teachers' Agency is flooded with applications for graduates from our Home
Study Courses. Over 4000 s'ndcnts report vacancies. So many calls for teachers un-
expected. Expert Typewriters. Stenographers, and Book-keepers in great demand. Send
for our new courses in Law, Real Estate, and Automobile Engineering.

500 MORE TEACHERS WANTED AT ONCE.

Salaries from $500 to $2;">00 per year. We prepare teachers for advanced posi-
tions and secure the positions desired. If you want a position in the North, Bast,
South, or West, write in us at once. Can use a large number of Commercial Teachers
for High Schools and Business Colleges, Stenographers, and Book-keepers. Shall we
also send to you our "Special Scholarship" for your consideration? Advice and full
particulars free. Write to us for our Teachers' Agency plan; it produces the results
and that is what you want. Write to-day — "to-morrow never comes." "Do it now."
Address Teachers' Agency, Carnegie College, Rogers, Ohio.

Xtesr/) $+■

Shr iBusiursa Journal

YOU want to get the very best results in

SHORTHAND

Investigate Barnes' Brief Course.

An up-to-date text embodying many new ideas.

Complete words and sentences are given on the
very first page.

Speed factors and actual speed training are
given in the first lesson.

A dictation course of business letters begins in
the second lesson.

Only permanent outlines are taught — no words
are given one way at the beginning and a different way
later on.

Technicalities and difficulties are so simplified that
they are readily understood.

Teachers report "Better stenographers and in less
time."

Publish! in both the BENN PITMAN and the
GRAHAM system.

SPECIAL OFFER:--A paper-bound copy ot Brief Course
will be sent free of charge to any shorthand teacher who desires to
become familiar with this unusual method of teaching shorthand.
Specify which system is desired-the Benn Pitman or Graham
---and please give name of school.

THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO.,

2201 Locust Street ST. LOUIS, MO

MERCHANTS.

"There are geniuses in trade, as well as in war, or the
state, or letters; and the reason why this or that man is
fortunate is not to be told. It lies in the man; that is all any-
body can tell you about it. See him, and you will know
easily why he succeeds.

"Nature seems to authorize trade as soon as you see the
natural merchant, who appears not so much -a private agent
as her factor and minister of commerce. His natural probity
combines with his insight, into the fabric of society, to put
him above tricks, and he communicates to all his own faith,
that contracts are of no private interpretation. The habit of
his mind is a reference to standards of natural equity and
public advantage ; and he inspires respect, and the wish to
deal with him, both for the quiet spirit of honor which at-
tends him, and for the intellectual pastime which the spec-
tacle of so much ability affords.

"This immensely stretched trade, which makes the capes
of the Southern Ocean his wharves, and the Atlantic Sea
his familiar port, centres in his brain only ; and nobody in the
universe can make his place good.

"In his parlor, I see very well that he has been at hard work
this morning, with that knitted brow, and that settled humor,
which all his desire to be courteous cannot shake off. I see
many valient noes have this day been spoken, when others
would have uttered ruinous yeas.

"Our action should rest mathematically on our substance.
In nature, there are no false valuations. A pound of water
in the ocean tempest has no more gravity than in a midsum-
mer pond. All things work exactly according to their quality,
and according to their quantity ; attempt nothing they cannot
do. except man only." — Ralph Waldo Emerson.

QUESTION.— Have you ever seen a course

sidered logical and scientific in arrangement,
and presented a style <>f writing ideal in size,
slant and general appearance, and where
copies weir alive, inspiring the student to use
a rhythmic motion as well as correct form?
Many hifi schools feel that they have found
such a course, and a sample copy of it will be
mailed to your address for 25 cents. Address,
C. S. ROGERS, Principal Y. M. C. A. Ac-
countancy School, San Francisco, California.

'wu&iiafi/

For OVER FIFTY YEARS have

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Select a pen suited to your
handwriting.

12 different patterns for all styles
if writing and 2 good pen-holders
tent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents,

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New Y»rk.

NOTES FROM ABROAD.

From Consular and Trad- Reports.

Geneva with its 126,000 inhabitants
and the third city in importance in
Switzerland has about one motor car to
1.000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the
Swiss Automobile Club and Swiss
Touring Club. In its immediate vi-
cinity there are three companies build-
ing automobiles and at least four firms
making light motor cycles.

The actual money invested in hotels
in Switzerland is Slfi0,00O,O00. The pay-
ment of the interest on this sum, the
maintenance of the properties and a
profit on the enormous business, which
employs many thousands of people, is
practically all paid by tourists who come
to Switzerland in pursuit of health, rec-
reation and pleasure

The importance of the tourist traffic
may be estimated by the fact that it
more than covers the balance of trade
against the country, which, as shown
by the excess in the value of the im-
ports over exports, last year amounted
to nearly $100,000,000.

Continued on page 28.

BE A BANKER

■(dependence the rest

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your occupation we will teach vou by mail.

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uI C

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tor

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toi

iple <A
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doi. and
Box 1268

WACO,
TEXAS

rWiWlM %Swe

eljr lusutrsa Journal

Continued from page 27.

An important industry and one pe-
culiar to Spain is the manufacture of
jute and hemp sandals called "alpar-
gatas." Practically all of the working
classes use this cheap and comfortable
form of footwear almost exclusively
the year round. Alpargatas are also
popular in Latin America, to which
thousands of pairs are exported annual-
ly.

The alparagatas is made by winding
the hemp or jute rope around to form
a small foot shaped mat and by then
firmly fastening the cords together a
strong rope sole about a quarter of an
inch thick is made. White and black
are the colors generally preferred,
though red. blue and brown alparagatas
are also sold.

The leading type foundry of the far
East is located at Tokio and produces
two series of Chinese type. The first
series, consisting of 5,000 characters,
lias in combinations a total of 150,000
separate pieces of type. The second
series has 3,000 characters and 100,000
combinations.

Pen Drawing by a Student of Frank Krupp, Austin, Minn.

The producers of the type publish a
catalogue in which each character is
printed, and by the side of this charac-
ter is given the number of combinations
in which it is used. This foundry also
produces Japanese characters, the Hira-
kana in 152 characters and 30,000 com-
binations and the Katakana in 82 char-
acters and 10,000 combinations.
Continued on page 29.

Monarch

Light Touch

THE extremely light action of the Monarch Typewriter
endears it to all operators who use it.
The typist who takes pride in her position rinds great satisfaction
in being able to turn out as much work, and as good work, per hour,
toward the end of the working day as during the morning. Other conditions
being the same, she can always do this on a Monarch. There is

"No Three O'Clock Fatigue"

for users of this machine. The mechanical reason for the Monarch light touch is found
in the action of the Monarch type bar, an exclusive and patented feature which gives this
remarkably light touch.

We would remind the business man that Monarch light touch means more work
and better work, because less physical strength is expended by the operator.
Therefore, cost per folio is reduced, making the Monarch a business economy.

SEND FOR MONARCH LITERATURE
Tlnn try the Monarch, and be convinced that Monarch merit rests in the machine
itself, not merely in what we tell you about it.

Monarch Department
Remington Typewriter Company

i Incorporated'
New York and Everywhere

^■J/e/ryi S +

% * \ % % % % <

k S % • k % 4 %

QIIjp IBusutrsa Journal

< 'ontinued fi om page 28.

An investigation was recently made
uun the hours of labor and working
conditions of clerks in business and
professional offices in Amsterdam. The
investigation covered 128 offices, rep-
resenting all kinds of employment, in
which 1,924 clerks are engaged. Of
these 61 arc under 15 years of age, 334
between 15 and 20 and 1,529 over 20.
The females niimbe- 219, of whom 4
are under 15 years of age, 65 between
15 and 20 and 150 above 20 \ears.

There is no uniformity in working
time in the various offices. The hours
in tlie forwarding business are partic-
ularly long. There is usually a nominal
limit to office working hours but none
in practice. The clerk's actual working
time depends upon the amount of busi-
ness on hand, and lie must labor beyond
the nominal closing hour without addi-
tional pay. There is often no oppor-
tunity to go OUt lor •',,- midday luncli.
so that it must be taken in the office if
at all. It i- also found that there is
some Sundaj work and no Saturday
half holiday, except in hanks and Mock
brokers' offices, and it is particularly

deplored that little time for study is

giver to the • mnger clerks

The Home of the Late John Jacob Astor, of New York City.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS — Subscribers wishing to have their
magazines sent ttf a new address should notify us promptly, giv-
ing the old address and specifying the edition, whether News or
Regular. Notices must be received one full month in advance, that
all copies may be received. Do not bother the clubber or teacaov
who sent In your snbsor>ptlon, but write to this ofnco direct.

At the annual asparagus show m
Evesham, England, the prize bundle of
120 heads of asparagus, weighing 21
pounds 9 ounces, was auctioned off to
a Covent Garden, London, purchaser
for the extraordinary price of £10.
This is an exceptional price even for
the best Evesham asparagus. The
heaviest bundle weighed 24 pounds, 6
ounces.

20 Reasons why you should purchase

THE No. 12 MODEL

a HAMMOND
VISIBLE
NO. 12

I. Viiible Writing. 2. Interchangeable Type. 3. Lightest Touch.

4. Least Key Depression. 5. Perfect & Permanent Alignment.
6. Writing in Colors. 7. Least Noise. 8. Manifolding Capacity.
9. Uniform Impression. 10. Best Mimeograph Work.
1 1. Any Width of Paper Used. 12. Greatest Writing Line.
13. Simplicity of Construction. 14. Greatest Durability.
15. Mechanical Perfection. 16. Back Space Attachment.
17. Portability. 18. Least Cost for Repairs. 19. Perfect Escape-
ment. 20. Beauty of Finish. Wtile for Catalog

The Hammond Typewriter Co.

NEW YORK, U. S. A.

BINDERS FOR THE BUSINESS JOURNAL.
$1.00 each, Postpaid.

In response to requests for a low-priced serviceable binder
to hold an entire volume of the Bl SINESS JOURNAL, arrange-
ments have been made whereby these can be furnished our
subscribers upon receipt of price either in postage stamps or
monej order.

Each binder is strong and durable — heavy cardboard covers,
wood back, and cover with high grade reddish cloth, with
tlie words "The Business Journal" m gold letters on the back,
which gives it the appearance of a regular bound volume.
The method of inserting copies is simple, requiring only the
cutting of two small slits alongside the staples. Perforated
strips of metal inserted in these holes are strung on rods at-
tached to the binder — see cut — and hold the copies in place.
The metal strips are unnoticeable, and the copies open like a
book with all inside margins visible.

Semi all onKr< to the Business Journal Office, Tribune
Building, New York City.

Slip lBuainrsa Jcurnal

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Mares. Cloth. Calendered paper.
•14 pp. Cuts and illustrations. 221 different Typewriting machines
fully described and illustrated. $2.00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome. Cloth. 230 pp. 64
pp. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shorthand discussed. $2.00.
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Influencing Men in Business, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
Illustrated. For personal or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A. Buckram.
860 pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. % $3.00 postpaid.

National Penmanship Compendium. Lessons by Leslie, Courtney,
Moore, Dakin and Dennis. Paper, stiff cover. For Self-Instruction or
Schools. 25 cents, postpaid. In quantities, special rates. Stamps
taken.

Corporate Organisation, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$3.00 postpaid.

The Biery-Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid "5
cents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 44 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushing's Manual. The standard book on Parliamentary Law.
Should be in the hands of every man or woman. 226 pages. Postpaid.
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping. A practical work on single
and double entry bookkeeping. With all forms and tables. Cloth. 138
pp. Postpaid $1.75.

Gaskells Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
of Penmanship, G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

Ropp's New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1,500.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. . TO points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
fifty 2-ct. stamps; Pocket edition, twenty-five 2-ct. stamps.

Financing an Enterprise, by Francis Cooper. Buckram. 543 pages.
Two vols. How to finance and promote new or old businesses. Has
helped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 422
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Corporate Finance and Accounting, by H. C. Bentley. C. P. A.

Buckram. 500 pages. The concrete knowledge of the practical, finan-
cial and legal sides of corporation accounting and treasurership. $4.00
postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 686
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

The Book of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Engrossing contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers. More examples of magnificent engrossing than in all
other books combined. buperb new volume, 9 x 12. Regular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 50c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid 10c.

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

try, by D. T. Ames. Its detection and illustration: 300-page
book, the standard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all
the Courts. Bound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Forty Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Albert S. Osborn, 525 pages, 200 illus-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers ot penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price,
$2.50.

Hagan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. $3.75.

Courtney Method of Detecting Forgerx and Raised Checks. Price,
$1.50.

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

The Editor's Scrap Book has received a number of very-
beautiful specimens' for this month. At the head of the list
are placed two of the veterans in the work.

D. H. Farley, of Trenton, N. J., sends a photograph of an
original blackboard design showing script letters and pen
drawings as he knows so well how to produce.

G. A. Rockwood, the old-time penman of Eastman College,
Poughkeepsie, New York, takes his pen in hand to favor
us with a letter written in his ornamental style. The chief
purpose of the letter however was for the renewal of his
subscription for the ensuing year.

Leslie E. Jones, of Elbridge, New York, is showing con-
stant improvement in his ornamental and card writing. He
is sure to climb still higher the ladder of chirographic fame.

J. G. Christ of Lock Haven, Penn., contributes an orna-
mental letter fully up to his usual standard of excellence.

W. \Y. Bennett, of Milwaukee. Wisconsin, is sending out
some ornamental capital letters printed on proof paper which
insures him a permanent place as one of our foremost orna-
mental writers. Twenty-five years ago he was considered a
champion. We do not think he has gone back any.

Superscriptions beautifully written in either professional of
business style have been received during the month from
the following :

\Y. A. Hoffman, Valpariso, Ind. ; C. A. Faust, Chicago,.
Ill; II. G. Burtner, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. J. Bailey, Toronto,
Canada; D. L. Hunt. Eau Claire, Wis.: W. W. Bennett,
Milwaukee, Wis.; J. W. Farrell. Greenville, Texas; J. D.
Valentine, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; E. L. Baker, Boston, Mass. ; J. H.
Bachtenkircher, Lafayette. Ind. ; Wm. J. Kinsley. New York
City; O. J. Penrose, Elgin, 111.; H. W. Patten, Philadelphia
Pa.; D. H. Farley, Trenton, N. J.

SPECIMENS OF BUSINESS WRITING.

The business training schools, both public and private, are-
securing most unusual results this year in business writing.
The Business Journal appreciates the fact very much that it
is given credit for much of the success obtained. Teachers
are constantly writing that its monthly visit is an inspiration"
to them and their pupils.

The publishers hope that when the awards are made for
the gold medals that it will be their privilege to inspect at
quality of writing that has hitherto never been equalled.

It is impossible to give extensive mention to all who have
forwarded to the Journal office specimens of their students"
work. Credit must be given however to the following teachers
who have submitted work far superior to any we have re-
ceived for some time :

J. E. Fancher, Wilkinsburg High School, Wilkinsburg, Pa.

J. W. Farrell, Business University, Greenville, Texas.

H. W. English, High School. Lewistown, Pa.

W. F. Hind, High School, Lindsay, Calif.

W. S. Morris. High School. Lonaconing. Maryland.

F. B. Adams, Parson's Business College, Parsons, Kans.

J. N. Fulton, International Business College. Ft. Wayne,
Ind.

O. J Browning, High School, Newton, Iowa.

L. C. Lanning, Metropolitan Business College. Cleveland,
Ohio.

W. D. Kunkel. Rubican Shorthand College. St. Louis, Ma

T. C. Knowles, Commercial School, Pottsville, Pa.

F. A. Ashley, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.

C. F. Sjostrand, North Star College, Warren, Minn.

I M. Ohslund, Luther College, Wahoo, Nebr.

J, J. Bailey, High School of Commerce. Toronto, Canada

G. H. Wilcox, Connecticut Business College, Hartford,.
Conn.

J^K/ym o

Ulhr luBhtrsa Journal

Why Come to Rochester to Train for Commercial Teaching?

BECAUSE tin' most modem methods are presented by capable and experienced spe

a! subjects can be

covered in a compact
hool term, and because
mercial texts, so widely

BECAUSE the whole range of con
schedule, from the standpoint of the t

this school is the home of the famous Williams & Roge
used in commercial courses everywhere.
BECAUSE in one Summer School term, by taking our special 40-lesson course, the
entire text of Gregg shorthand can be thoroughly covered by those who wish to pre-
pare to teach that system. (Special Gregg Circular mailed on request.)
BECAUSE the diploma and recommendation of the Rochester Business Institute are
sure passports to excellent teaching positions, secured for graduates without charge.
BECAUSE all the courses a student can possibly cover can be taken for the one tuition
charge.

Send postal car d for the 1912 Summer School bulletin, which gioes the particulars.

ROCHESTER BUSINESS INSTITUTE, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BENNETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Stnd for otw catalogue of courses 1 42 1 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Off-Hand Flourish by I. S. Preston,
Lundys Lane, Pa.

It is necessary for penmen doing ornamental writing to have a holder adapted to
that special purpose. The above holder is hand turned and adjusted, made of
•elected rosewood or ebony, and cannot be made by an automatic lathe. LOOK FOR THE
BRAND. If your dealer cannot supply you. send to the designer and manufacturei.
12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c 8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North Sth Street, Quincy, 111.

RASMUSSEN

Practical Business School

St. Paul, Minn.
Rasmussen-. Proprietor.

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Pa*i Row, New York City.

Handwriting.

No man has yet succeeded in getting
rid of the style of handwriting peculiar
to his country. If English, he always
writes in the English style; if French,,
in the French style ; if German, in the
German style; if Italian, in the Italian
style; if Spanish, in the Spanish style;
etc. I know a Frenchman who has
passed all his life in New York, who
speaks our language as fluently as Dr.
Parkhurst, and writes it with ten times
the correctness of 99 in 100 of us, and
yet who cannot, for the life of him, imi-
tate our chirography.

The Educated Italian.

An Italian who has mingled with us
for thirty-five years, speaks live lan-
guages fluently (ours almost without
accent), yet cannot write an American
hand. His letters are perfect in gram-
mar and idiomatic expression. He will
write in French, English, German and
Spanish; and the handwriting is always,
the same — -Italian style.

Always Scotch.

How can we account for this pecul-
iarity? A brilliant young Scotchman
who was educated entirely in France
and ived eighteen years in Paris, mix-
ing exclusively with French people of
culture and refinement ; he had a French
writing master, and probabiy never saw
anything but French writing in his life;
yet he wrote exactly in the Scotch style.
It was really national instinct.

Determining Nationality.

In Paris all the writing masters pre-
tend to teach the English style of writ-
ing, but with all their professions and
all their exertions they can never get
their pupils to adopt any but the cramp-
ed hand of the French. There are
experts who. for big pay, will go x>n
the witness stand in criminal trials and
swear that they can tell the characteris-
tics of th. prisoner from his handwrit-
ing.

The Difference.
Thedifference between American, Eng-
lish. French. Italian. Spanish, Russian,.
Swedish, German, Dutch, and Swiss
handwriting is immense; a schoolboy
would distinguish it at a glance. Mix
together 100 sheets of manuscript writ-
ten by 100 Frenchmen, 100 written by
Englishmen, loo written by Americans,
etc., and no one can fail to distinguish
every one of them, though all should'
be written in the same language, with
the same pens on the same kind of pa-
per. There is about as great a difference
between the handwritings of nations as
between their languages, and it is a
singular truth that though a man may
shake off national habits, accent, manner
of thinking, fashion of dress, may be-
come perfectly identified with his adopt-
ed country and speak its language bet-
ter than his own. yet he never can suc-
ceed in changing his handwriting to a
foreign style.

Value not in money.

The value of an education is not
proved by the increased earning power
of the person educated, albeit there are
some people narrow enough to esti-
mate scholastic training in dollars and
cents.

Miss Remington Says;

1 1 i t i i i - • i i i i i iii 7^^ ■ l I i I I I i i I I i i i ■ j—^^*~ Vr • i I I i i I I i

The more

typewriters in

use, the more

opportunities for

the typist. That is as clear

as daylight.

Therefore, when you consider that
over Three-Quarters of a Million Remington
Typewriters are in use today, more than any other
make and more than many others combined, it is easy to see how
the opportunities of the Remington typist surpass those of any and all
others.

And this is not all. Twenty-nine per cent, more Remington Type-
writers were sold during the past year than in any previous year
in Remington history. This means that the field for the Remington

typist is not only great, but growing — it is growing today faster
than ever before.

For these reasons, students who are alive to their own
best interests will attend the schools where they are
taught the skilled use of the Remington.

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere

advertisements please mention Thi Business Jovim

.'.aSs-i/?.** m

>&)rf?i f^.t >

— f ~ r ~7" ^—-v- ' i - I

NEWS EDfTfDNHOO A YEAR

■

♦ • # •

U>I]p UuamrsB Journal

SIMPLIFY YOUR METHOD

Of Teaching Shorthand
BARNES' PRACTICAL COURSE

is a textbook which will convince you that there is a thoroly practical way of teaching shorthand — a
way which eliminates difficulties which have long been considered a necessary part of the study.

It is "BUSINESS" from start to finish.

Completely VOCALIZED WORDS and SENTENCES on the very first page — no meaningless
outlines.

PHRASING and WORDSIGNS in the first lesson.

Special SPEED DRILLS in the first lesson.

Only PERMANENT FORMS — nothing learned which must afterwards be unlearned.

Combines a graded DICTATION COURSE of business letters with the theory work.

Groups all "exceptions" together in one of the last chapters so that they seem to be nothing
more than a few new principles.

Used in the chain of Heald Colleges, of the Western Coast; Ferris Institute. Pig Rapid-, Mich.;
Wesleyah University, Lincoln. Nebr. ; The Business Institute, Detroit, Mich.: Duff's Colleges, Pitts-
burg and McKeesport, Pa.; St. Francis Solanus College, Quincy. 111.; the High Schools of Lynn,
.\la-^.. Atlanta, Ga., Norfolk, Va., Cheyenne, Wyo.. Easton, I'a.

SPECIAL OFFER

A paper-bound copv of Practical Course will be sent free of charge to any SIIORTIIAX1 >
TEACHER. Specify system desired— the BENN PITMAN or the GRAHAM.

Please give name of school.

THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUBLISHING COMPANY

2201 Locust Street ST. LOUIS, MO.

Regenerate Your

Commercial Course

by introducing "Rowe's Bookkeeping and Accountancy" at the beginning of the coming school year.

DOUBLE ITS EFFICIENCY by accomplishing for your students in three months what now
requires six months.

DOUBLE THE EFFICIENCY OF YOUR STUDENTS by advancing them twice as far
and making them, in fact, junior accountants, — something never heretofore possible in the ordinary
commercial school.

STRENGTHEN YOUR COMMERCIAL COURSE by teaching other important subjects
in the time at your disposal saved from that was ted in your present course in bookkeeping.

SCHOOL MEN, get busy; there is something new for your attention, — something worth your
investigation in this "Bookkeeping and Accountancy."

In >\"T l'< (RGET our arithmetic, commercial law, dictators, and all our other good texts, in
making up your list for the coming school year.

BALTIMORE

~Tfci? /-f.>Tls./zx>usz/&i

MARYLAND

The Business Journal, Publisher! by the Business Journal Company, Tribune Building, Xew York, Horace G. Healey, Editor.

^mzksr^ s-f-

s * % ♦ « * % <

% s %\ * * %

elfp Hwunr-sa Journal

A HIGHER PLANE OF EFFICIENCY

Pitmanic vs. Light-Line Shorthand

MESSRS. ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,
Gentlemen:

THE LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL,

SEATTLE, WASH., March 29, 1912.

In my opinion there is no rival in shorthand to the Isaac Pitman system. For nearly fifteen years I
have devoted my time to teaching shorthand; having sudied and taught several of the Pitmanic' and Light-
line systems, and to-day I am fully convinced that the high degree of brevity and legibility of the Isaac
Pitman system of shorthand cannot be attained by any other system. The Isaac Pitman system, as pre-
sented in the latest edition of the 'Course' is logically arranged so that the entire subject is readily
grasped by the beginner. There is an almost inexhaustible supply of shorthand literature into which the
system has been translated, for the benefit and encouragement of the student. No system could be more
simple and scientific. Accuracy and speed are possible with the Isaac Pitman system and readable notes
are the result. This system is well adapted to office purposes inasmuch as it meets the exacting re-
quirements of professional use. The amount of time and labor required for placing students in positions
and able to meet all the stenographic requirements through the 'light-line' systems would put them, if
studying the Isaac Pitman system on a stronger foundation and a higher plane of efficiency. Many who
are capable of judging are recognizing this to be the coming universal system' and the sooner it is adopt-
ed the better it will be for the students in class-room and all offices throughout the land where the best
is desired.

Very truly yours, (Signed) O. D. NORTON,

Instructor of Shorthand and Typewriting

Send for particulars of a Free Correspondence Course for Teachers, and a copy of
" Pitman's Shorthand Weekly. "

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,

2 West 45th Street, New York

Cumulative Speller and Shorthand Vocabulary

By the Author of "A Practical Course in Touch Typewriting"

THIS work meets modern requirements, and represents the best of the old and the new methods.
The stenographer who aspires to greatness through the mi-taken notion that inaccuracy in
the matter of spelling is an evidence of genius will do well nut t<> lav. his claims, in the shape of a
letter for signature, before his employer. While the subjecl of reformed spelling i< atracting general
attention all over the world, it is safe to say that never before have business men placed so high a
value upon the ability to spell the words of the English language correctly. It behooves principals of
schools and colleges, therefore, to see that the student- who attend their institutions with a view to
entering the business world, become possessors of a good vocabulary of business terms and the abil-
ity to spell all difficult words in general use without the least hesitation.

"After a thorough examination of the 'Cumulative Speller,' I am convinced that there is no better book on this subject pub-
lished. We have 'Spelling Books' and 'Spellers'— the greater part of them being made up of words not in common use. Such text
books do not cover the real need. The 'Cumulative Speller' contains a large number of common words, most frequently misspelled.
ii.ms arc clear and accurate; the plan suggested for teaching, in itself, emphasizes the importance of this subject. The
book has a just claim, and if progressive teachers will give it a careful examination its adoption will undoubtedly be assured." —
W. H. Shepard, Head Commercial Department, HiLili School, Paterson, S. J.

"Your 'Cumulative Speller' v. ill meet a positive want. Shorthand schools would greatly lessen the labor of their teachers, and
place an honest advantage in the hands of their students by adopting this book."— E. E. Mull, Mull's School, New York.

"Its dual purpose of spelling and shorthand outlines supplies a desideratum to the schoolroom and stenographer that I believe
will be heralded with joy by all interested in the winged art. It has my hearty endorsement." — Clias. Sckckeler, Harlem Evening
: a ) ork City.

Cloth, Gilt Lettering, 145 Pages. Price, 50 Cents.

Teacher*' Examination Copy, Postpaid, 34 Cents. Mention School. Specimen Pages Free.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,

2 West 45th Street New York

u% S«attiP0a Journal

This May Be Just What You Need

Twenty

Lessons in

Bookkeeping

By A. L. GILBERT

; Practice by THOMAS F. CAMPBELL

A Brief but Comprehenshe

Course in Bookkeeping

With a Full Set of Blank Books and a Complete Practice
With Original Vouchers

Each of t!iese twenty lessons presents some practi-
cal or some general feature, or both, until at the
close of the eleventh lesson the student has easily
and completely closed a full set of double-entry
books, even to making out the business statement.
In the remaining lessons he is trained in the use of Various Forms of Books, including Day Book, Journal, Cash
Book, Sales Book, etc., in the use of Notes, Drafts, Checks and Vouchers of all kinds, and is in short thoroughly
prepared with a sufficient knowledge of Accounting for all the purposes of ordinary' business life.

Splendidly adapted for a short course."

H. H. GOODENOUGH, State Normal School, Springfield, S. D.

Very well arranged — practical and instructive."
ELMER S. PIERCE, Seneca Vocational School, Buffalo, N. Y.

"Very fine— they give to pupils the things they need to "Very much pleased with Twenty Lessons in Book-
know, without wasting any of their time in studying keeping and the masterful way in which the subject is
what is not needed." treated."

^ „, ™. ..m c r o L . „ ., , .„ .- ARTHUR PETERS, Morristown Business School

G. W. HYLAND, Supt. of Schools, Rockford, Washington. Morristown, New Jersey.

Don't Order More of the Same

tor next year, until you have looked critically over the Bobbs-Merrill list. What you
desire is Results. That these hooks get Results is proved by the fact that their pop-
ularity is steadily increasing.

Commercial Arithmetic

Bookkeeping

Quick Figuring

Commercial Law Business English

Typewriting Business Spelling

Shorthand Business Correspondence

Business Punctuation

Investigate Use the Best

The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Publishers of Standard Texts in All Commercial Lines

^■X/e/no 5^

<•*%»«««<

«»%%%*«<

Shir UusutrBS Journal

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

ScientificTouch Typewriting will do this for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

The Folder System is designed especially for imall
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
you have examined the National.

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

Office Training
for Stenographers.

By Robert P. SoRelle

adds immeasurably to the efficiency of the short-
hand ci mrse.

It acquaints the student with every detail oi
office routine filing, letter writing, enclosures,
office appliances, business ethics, etc.

It adds practical experience to the technical
work.

Above all it gives the student enough actual
practice to make him skillful in applying his
kni iwledge.

It is vital — interesting — indispensable.

Send for "The Elimination of the Beginner"

GREGG PUBLISHING CO.,

NEW YORK CHICAGO

Where are the Capitals?

They are before you — under your fingers,
ready to imprint themselves on the paper
at a single stroke, if your typewriter is a

Model 10 Visible

Writing in sight is of course important, and the writing
of the Smith Premier is always in sight. But this is not

all. Every character written by the Smith Premier is in sight — not simply when it is written,
but all the time. It is the only typewriter on which everything is visible, from each and .every
character on the keyboard to the writing on the paper.

And this is only one of the fourteen special features of the Model 1 0 Smith Premier Typewriter.

Let us send you a catalogue which will tell you about them all.

Smith Premier Department

Remington Typewriter Company

New York and Ever

In answering advertisements pie

nention The Busi

Slip iBuBhtfsa Journal

WHAT OTHERS SAY ABOUT

REVISED MODERN ILLUSTRATIVE BOOKKEEPING

"The subject is presented in a clear, concise, and log-
ical order. The illustrations are apt and the explana-
tions are clear. One especially strong feature of the
text is the supplementary work following each regular
set, thus enabling the teacher to review each set with
new matter. The business papers that go with the sets
are complete and businesslike, thereby making the
course practical."

"We are using Introductory Modern Illustrative
Bookkeeping, Revised, at the present time. It serves
our purpose in every way, and we are well pleased with
the results we are getting with it. Its subject matter
is right up to date and its method of presenting the
subject is strictly in accord with modern principles of
teaching."

"As it is at present published, I think it is by far the
best work which I have examined, for schools desiring
a thorough and complete course in this important sub-
ject."

"Modern Illustrative Bookkeeping in its revised
form is much improved, and my experience with the
old edition in both public and private schools con-
vinces me that it is the best bookkeeping text on the
market. I have never been able to secure as good re-
sults from any other system 1 have used."

"We did not lose a student from our large commer-
cial department last year, which we attribute to the
carefully planned Revised Edition of Modern Illus-
trative Bookkeeping, which made the work a pleasure
and not a burden from the first to the last transaction."

"Having used since its first publication the Revised
Edition of Modern Illustrative Bookkeeping, it gives
me pleasure to recommend it as a very good text for
beginning classes. The text combines in a skillful
manner the theory and practice of bookkeeping and
contains very- helpful reviews and supplementary
work."

Let us tell you what we have to say about it.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO

IMPORTANT TO MUNSON TEACHERS AND LEARNERS!

Just from the press, SELECTION'S ', ROM LINCOLX'S SPEECHES AXD LETTERS, a reading
book of up-to-date Munson Phonography, beautifully engraved, carefully printed, substantially bound in cloth,
128 pages, postpaid .75

HOW TO MAKE A LIVING, likewise a new Munson reading book, 136 pages, postpaid ~j

PRACTICAL PHONOGRAPHY, a complete text-book of Munson Phonography, simple, direct, and
eminently practical, 233 pages 1.00

PHONOGRAPHIC EXERCISE COOK, to be used in conjunction with "Practical Phonography," con-
taining some 2500 words and phrases in longhand as they occur in the text-book, with space for phonographic
outlines and teacher's corrections, postpaid .30

A sample copy of any or all of the foregoing books will be sent to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, upon receipt of one-half the retail price.

SOME OF
THE OTHER

PACKARD PUBLICATIONS

One Hundred Lessons in English - $1.00

Prepared to meet thi requirements of commercial
schools, ami intended to provide students with those
essentials of practical English required in business
intercourse. Especially adapted to the teaching of
correspondence.

Packard's Progressive Business Prac-
tice, four numbers, each, - $0.30

What the Biudenl will in- expected to do when he
becomes an accountant in a business office, lie is re-
quired to do here, and with none of the cumbersome
manipulation involved in other schemes of practice.
This plan is simply ideal, and is so pronounced by all
. who have used .t.

The New Packard Commercial Arith-
metic .... $1.50

Recognized as the standard work on the subject.

The Packard Commercial Arithmetic,

School Edition - • $1.00

Packard's Short Course in Bookkeep-
ing .... $1.00

Packard's Advanced Course in Book-
keeping .... $1.25

Both remarkable for their clearness and practical

Packard's Bank Bookkeeping'

A reliable exposition of banking as carrh
the present day.

$1.25

LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO SCHOOLS
Any of the above books will he sent to teachers, fo

nonablt terms.
Correspondence invited.

S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, 253 Lexington Ave. New York

In answering adv

ention The Business Jourx

^■X/e/m 5 +

% \ %•% % * % <
♦%■*%♦%<

36th Year

JULY, 1912

No. 11

SIDE-LIGHTS ON LETTER WRITING.
By Percy P. Vyle.

eras realize tire value of first-class
letter writing. Money is spent freely for fine
note paper with embossed or engraved letter-
ing, for the best typewriters on the market,

ami for the latest, self-indexing letter cabinets,
but never a cent for understandable con [> n n or corre-
spondence management. Three-quarters of the world's busi-
ness letter writing is in the bauds of children, either in age
or in intellect.

"They are willing enough, but they lack intelligence," said
the manager of a well-known linn to me, while showing me
over his mail order department. Mentally I noted that if my
friend had gone to the root of the matter, and employed
higher-order brains, he would need fewer hands and could
afford to pay proportionately higher salaries. The trouble in
this instance was caused by seeing the dime of expense, and
not the dollars of profit that would have been made possible by
a broader view of the requirements of business letter writing.
It is nonsense to say that people with brains and the ability
to turn these brains into effective letters cannot be obtained —
it merely resolves itself into a question of how highly the
concern has learned to value its correspondence. Von can
get good letter writers if you will pay for them, but you can-
not gro« roses on thistles, nor can you evolve business-getting
letter- from cheap clerks. Nor will a quartered oak filing
cabinet and a "form book" of letters boost things materially
if the person in charge of them has not at least average in-
telligence.

Letters \s Business Producers.

As a business producer, letter writing, in the aggregate,
must stand m the neighborhood of zero. There are no rea-
sons whj correspondence should fall to keep in touch or in
step with advertising, but it does not. In the majority of
cases advertising is so far superior to correspondence that the
difference fairly takes your breath away.

An authority on the value of advertising presents a birds-
eye view of the way in which a "prospect" is wrorked up, as
follows;

"Let us say that the buying point of the reader is ten. As
a matter of fact, an ad. brings some readers up one point,
some two points, and so on, up to say, nine, when the reader
writes for information, and a few up to ten, when they buy."
Millions of dollars are spent in bringing readers up to
nine when information is requested, but between nine and
ten — there's the rub; there's where it is positively up to the
office correspondence to make good. The advertising, you
notice, is in skilled hands; it has brought the reader up nine
■points. Usually the correspondence must raise his enthusiasm
for one point further to effect a sale. The heart-breaking fall-

down so frequent between nine and ten is because the same
care, thought and skill, which went into the advertising, did
not go into the letter writing.

At which figure does your correspondence stand? Unless
it results in the sale of goods at a profit it stands at zero.

"Expert" CORRESPONDENCE.

Frequently, when summing up the day's "received" corres-
pondence. 1 wish the executives of the various concerns could
drop in and see the letters mailed from their orders. Ai
tin- is not possible, we can trj to reach the heart of the sub-
ject and rout out some of its failings by criticizing actual
examples.

Last spring, a correspondence school ran a series of "live
ads.," soliciting among other things enquires relating to sales-
manship, and using a checking coupon to render these en-
quiries easy. The recipient "I'd" the coupon at "Salesman-
ship" and mailed it back, together with a letter which stated
incidentally that the applicant was at one time connected with
a correspondence school.

In reply hack came a booklet on instruction in advertising
at so much a course.

A return letter to the school stating that application had
been made for information in regard to their salesmanship
course, not advertising brought this illuminating response
\\ e are (the eternal "We") in receipt of your favor and
have carefully noted contents. In connection with this would
say that we have no openings as instructor in the Advertising
1 ' pa i tiuenr."

This was sufficiently confusing, but a few days later along
came a regular ten-day follow-up letter asserting that no re-
ply had been received since forwarding the booklet. Printed
synopsis of the -. hool's curriculum was enclosed with this let-
ter, and the addressee was again united to mark the subject in
which he was interested. Nothing was. however, said about
salesmanship, and the addressee naturally concluded that un-
til the "school" perfected itself in letter reading and writing
and the general conduct of business, it would be useless to
reply. The follow-up letters, however, continued to come un-
til they had run their predestined course.

\\ h at is the Matter With the Foi.i ow-up.'
It is a common tailing for follow-up departments to neg-
lect checking their lists with replies. Then, as in the case of
the correspondence "sharps" just discussed, the full number
of follow-ups comes right along in spite of the fact that the
addressee is in correspondence with the concern as a result
of the first or second letter.

Formerly, when I answered an advertisement and the con-
cern had obliged me with the desired information, I invar-
iably attempted to head off the follow-up letter by either
postal or letter acknowledgment. But I learned that as a rule
it was time and postage wasted. The follow-up must run its
full course.

• # *♦ #

SJ be lousiness Journal

Thus, in a recent instance, I answered an advertisement and
received a courteous reply offering me the advertised article
at the reduced price of live dollars. I replied declining the
iii. Mj replj -In mid apparently have been conclu-
sive, but shortly thereafter — pursuing its immutable course —
came a rousing follow-up letter beginning as follows:

"1 have j 11 - 1 hail my attention called to our correspondence
with you. and to put it mildly. I am surprised that we have
not had 'Yes' or 'No' out of you. I have gone over our cor-
respondence with you carefully," etc.. etc.. for two solid
sheets. More follow-ups followed. The latest must have
been mailed on bargain day, for it offered the same article
for one dollar.

In another very similar instance the follow-up came in as
follows :

"As yet we have not received your remittance. Something
is wrong somewhere," etc.

Something is wrong, I am free to admit, hut it is at the
home office of the concern.

Put the brake on all follow-up matter when you have defi-
nitely placed your prospect — that is, if your correspondent is
not interested. Let him alone for a few months. Stop
worrying him and working up mental prejudice against your
business and your goods by this insane desire to apply your
follow-up system at all risks. There is a heap more sense
in knowing when to quit — for a time.

The Value of Letter Writing.
One of the reasons why Chicago mail order houses have
been so successful is found in their attention to corres-
pondence— in raising interest from nine to ten, as it were.
They send out good letters and follow them up with intelli-
gence when necessary — in short, they put common sense into
their letter writing. Common sense is more desirable in cor-
respondence than in almost any other part of a business.

When you want to do business by mail — and everybody
must do business by mail to a greater or less extent — go into
it optimistically with your whole heart and soul — and some
of your money. Place letter writing on the same plane as
your advertising.

This, as stated, is the vital point so frequently neglected
If your business is worth anything, it is certainly worth
money for capable correspondents — persons of sufficient men-
tal caliher to realize that letter writing is a serious, live-wire
department. Rut first of all remember you must realize this
yourself from the crown of your head to the very bottom of
your rubber heels. The office boy may be a very good boy
to slit envelopes, but he is a very bad boy when it comes to
judging the relative value of your communications.

ACKNOWLEDGING LETTERS.

It is also paying policy to acknowdedge all letters and to
write letters whenever the necessity arises, but there is no
need of overdoing it — ibe moderate in good works. Thus,
answering the advertisement of a Cleveland firm, I received
notification that my enquiry had been forwarded to Atlanta,
from which city booklet would be, and was, forwarded — not
•because the Cleveland firm had no booklets, but because the
enquiry was received from the Atlanta territory What re-
spect for system prevented the firm from sending the book-
let direct, and referring the enquiry to Atlanta in their inter-
departmental correspondence?

While jotting down notes for this article, comes this:

'I beg to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed favor of
the 19th containing your order, for which kindly accept our
thanks."

Under separate cover and same mail, comes the invoice.
Why not have concluded the letter with :

"Goods are being shipped today, and we enclose invoice
herewith."

Acknowledging Orders.
Don't fail to acknowledge orders. The man who orders
goods and fails to receive an acknowledgment is in a quan-
dary. Usually he gets mad and transfers his trade to firms
who are not so averse to writing. A postal card is not much,
but it sometimes saves a lot of trouble. The failure to. ac-
knowledge orders or specific enquiries is a crime against good
business practice.

1 have tried to overcome inertia, or bad habits of this
kind, by enclosing stamped return postals and envelopes witli
niv orders and letters, but in many cases recipients fail to
return even these. Why, it is hard to explain. When a man
takes the trouble and expense to do this, it should at least in-
sure the courtesy of compliance with his wishes.
A Bad Business Practice.
Throw away your rubber stamp endorsements. W hat busi-
ness practice sanctions a statement that you have no re-
sponsible people in your office, as is the direct implication
from the use of the following stamp:

THE BLANK COMPANY.

G. W. Blank, Treas.
This letter was signed after Mr.
G. W. Blank left the office and
was not revised.
Such an endorsement is a reflection on the contents of the
entire letter and of the concern which sends it out. If it
contains a bid, or necessary information, or an important
proposition, how can the receiver put faith in it with the pos-
sibility of a come-back when Mr. Blank returns to his office ?
Letters That Do Not Enlighten.
Then there is the long letter which contains a whole lot
but tells you nothing. Such a letter is before me, in reply to
one asking for specific information. Four hundred words it
contains which defy every analytical attempt to find ou«. what
they were all about. In appearance it ranks high, but for
nothing else, the nearer it comes to bringing about tangible
and business purposes it is worse than useless.

It is easier and more profitable to answer letters simply —
don't get lost in a maze of words. Simplicity should be the
key-note. The man in the woods wants to know. The nearer
a letter comes to telling him what he wants to know and
nothing else, the nearer it comes to bringing about tangible
and profitable and continuing business relations.

Do not regard your letter writing as distinct from your
advertising. They are interdependent and equally vital to
business success. Advertising attempts to create confidence,
but the main responsibility— a strengthening of that confi-
dence to the point of making a sale— rests with your letter
writer.

(By Permission of the Ronald Press, Co., New York )

BOOKS FOR BUSINESS PEOPLE.
The Business Journal, Tribune Building, New York, will
send any of the books mentioned in this column upon receipt
of price.

Corporation Finance, bv Edward S. Meade. Ph.D. 12 mo. Cloth.
Fully dcscril.es financing and procedure if corporations. $2.00.

Accounting, by H. R. Hatfield. Ph.D. 12 mo. Cloth. Ex-
emplifies every phase of Modern Accounting and the determination of

The Work of Wall Street, by Sereno S. Pratt. 12 mo. Doth. A
practical view of the great financial center and its modus operandi.
$1 20

The Modern Bank, bv Amos K. Fiske. 12 mo. Cloth. A thor-
oughly practical book covering in condensed form all essential data of

Idv'ertisina by F. F. Calkins and Ralph Holden. 02 illus-
trations 19 mo. Cloth. Tells all about advertising and how it is

°Fi«l Lessons in Fnm;ce. bv F. A. Cleveland. Ph.D. Many illus-
trations. 12 mo. Cloth. A brief, clear survey of Funds, how Funds
are obtained and the institutions and agencies employed in Funding
Operations. Si in

■ , ,,.•■ HI. /, , MiiJ-iJiJfli'li, 2.>C

,; , '■.. w 1 ]» so i, 75c.

,,:. by 11. \V. Hammond, B5c.

^■rr/e/m s-<-

% -% %■% % %.%•<

<]Jl|f Uufiinrsa Journal

PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL TO SPOKANE.

President MacCormac has arranged for a special train to
Spokane which will leave Chicago on July 4ih, 6:30 P. M.
'I his train will consist of the most modern equipment, in-
cluding Pullman drawing-room sleepers, tourist sleepers, din-
ing 'and baggage cars. A representative of the passenger de-
partment ot the P.urlitv ton Railroad will be on board, which
will insure every comfort for the passengers. The train will go
by way of the Twin Cities, arriving in St. Paul on the morn-
ing of the 5tth. Those who have never traveled over the
Burlington from Chicago to St. Paul will 'be delighted with
the beautiful scenery along the Mississippi River, as the train
follows the course of the river for a hundred miles. Ar-
riving at Gardiner. Mont., the party will disembark and
spend a week in the Yellowstone Park. As all are familiar
with the wonderful sights that are to be observed in this
famous park, it is unnecessary for us to dwell on its charms.
Spokane will be reached on July loth, at seven o'clock in the
morning, giving the travelers time to arrange their toilet be-
fore the opening of the convention.

Leaving Spokane on July 19th, the return trip will be
made by way of Seattle and Portland, over the Northern
Pacific. A stop-over will be made at Portland to allow the
members of the party to visit Seaside, a famous resort of
the Northwest. Leaving Portland the party will then pro-
ceed to Salt Lake City, spending sometime there visiting the
various points of interest. En route to Denver over the
Denver & Rio Grande the party will witness some of the
grandest scenery in America. Chicago will be reached on
July 27th.

The fare for the round trip from Ghicago will be $65 00.
If the side-trip to the Yellowstone Park is made there is an
extra charge of $60.50, which includes the cost of transpor-
tation and meals and lodging while in the Park. The rail-
Toad fare from New York City (exclusive of the Park trip)
will be $95.50 for the round trip. The Pullman fares will
be $5.60 for an upper berth in the tourist sleeper and $10.80
in the standard Pullman ; for a lower berth the tourist charge
will be $7.00 and the standard Pullman $13.50. Those making
the trip may have their mail follow them by having it ad-
dressed care of Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel, while the party
is in the Park, or care of Hotel Spokane, Spokane, Wash.

Those who cannot leave from Chicago on July 4th, have
an opportunity to go on the 11th as the Burlington route
has planned for another party on that date.

MY LAST WORD.

Friend, teacher, co-worker, we early promised that the
Spokane convention would be an epoch-making event, and
we have every reason to feel, at this time, that ideas will
there prevail toward the great advancement of commercial
and vocational education which will leave with you a sincere
regret, if you are not a factor therein. From all over this
glorious country we are getting word of eyes turned to Spo-
kane. Forces are at work which have never before been
interested in our organization. The best thought and the
besl brain of managers, teachers, and big business men, edu-
cators of all departments of endeavor are interested in the
movements going on. We occasionally hear of those who
feel, because of distance and of time, that they cannot afford
to make what they feel is a sacrifice, but if they could but
realize, as do I, that this sacrifice is not a sacrifice but in-
stead a great privilege, a privilege which will reflect upon
their labors and upon their student body, they would. I am
sure, make extraordinary effort to met with us.

I wish that I might leave Chicago on every train that will
pull out from here bound for the Mecca nf educational ad-
vancement. Of course, that is an impossibility, and I can
only hope for the converging trains to bring on July 15th,
a vast armv to Spokane. Already more than a sufficient
number to insure us a special train have arranged to leave
Ghicago with me on July 4th via the Burlington and North-
ern Pacific to the Yellowstone Park and then to Spokane.
After their labors are over there, the cities to the West are
vieing with each other toward making our stop in their
citv mean much to us.

There is no doubt but that each of us who take this par-
ticular trip will return to our work bigger, broader and bet-

if you cannot take advantage of the 4th of July train that
the last date of reduced tares from Chicago is July 11th,
and that tins will give . u time to go direct to the conven-
tion, if you believe in your work and the future of the
Federation, COME.

MORTON MacCORMAC.

THE MEDAL CONTESTS.

The contest for The Journal's medals closes on July 1,
1912, and we wish to urge all teachers to have the work of
their pupils in our office b\ that time.

The medals are awarded as fi |

To the student who makes the most improvement up to
July 1. 1912. a Gold Medal; to the second best a Silver
Medal: to the third best a Fconze Medal.

To the student who is the best writer on July 1. 1912. a
Gold Medal; to the second best a Silver Medal; to the
third best a Bronze Medal.

These medals will be engraved with the names of the Win-
ner, the Teacher, the School and the Date and are suitable
to be worn by either young men or women.

The conditions as previously announced are as follows:

1. Each competitor must be a subscriber to The Business
Journal in a club of ten or more.

2. The contestants to follow the instructions and lessons
given in the courses for the year.

3. The contest to begin on the date the student enters
school, and to close on July 1, 1912.

4. All students must file specimens of their work imme-
diately on entering school; the same to be verified and kept
on file by the teachers. Contestants not in school must send
first specimens to the office of The Business Journal, the
same to be vouched for by some trustworthy person.

5. The final specimens must be approved by the teacher, or
in the case of the office worker, some individual acceptable to
The Journal, and consists of:

One page of Movement Drills

One page of Miscellaneous Writing, including Capitals,
Figures, Words and Sentences.

One page of Body Writing, using Mr. Leslie's page letter
in the June Journal.
All papers must be 8J^ by 11 inches in size.
CERTIFICATE AWARDS.
Teachers are again reminded of the two free Certificates
which will be awarded in schools where there are ten or
more contestants, each one being a subscriber to The Busi-
ness Journal, one Certificate going to the Champi in Pen-
man: the other to the one making the Best Improvement.
The decision is to be made by the teacher, and he is to send
the names to us. These Certificates are specially prepared
and will be appreciated by those to whom they are awarded
Thev are now- ready to be sent out.

CULTIVATION.
Weeds grow unasked, and even some sweet flowers

Spontaneous give their fragrance to the air,

And bloom on hills, in vales, and everywhere —
As shines the sun, or fall the summer showers —

But wither while our lips pronounce them fair!

Flowers of more worth repay alone the care,
The nurture, and the hopes of watchful hours ;
While plants most cultured have most lasting powers.

So flowers of genius that will longest live
Spring not in mind's uncultivated soil,
But are the birth of time and mental toil.

And all the culture learning's hand can give:
Fancies, like wild-flowers, in a night may grow:

t » ♦ ♦ * ♦

Sljr Sasittrss Journal

RAPID CALCULATION.

J. C. Kane, Drake College, New York City.

WAV back, under the primitive plan in seeking
subsistence, even before economies had its
origin, existence in the better or lesser ability
had its actual dependence upon rapid calcula-
tion. In the performance of things today, there
is a decided element of calculation, which by
force of necessity, caused by the demand for perfection,
completeness and accuracy has become a world-wide re-
quirement— in the Dispatch of Doing.

Man has advanced and rounded out so much, in every
undertaking, that the question is not — can it be done, but
presumption and rightly too — has it. that all things are
easy in achievement, and with this understanding, simplicity,
facility, speed-speed-speed-more speed, is the slogan.

The same quick pace has invaded the field of commercial
calculation in figures, and, while accuracy is admitted — dis-
patch must be obtained. Rapid calculation as a factor, has
become a spirit in competition; it has produced such fabrics
of business and gigantic enterprises of industry, as our
larger cities employ and enjoy; it pertains to that which
separate the live issue from the other— in the great effort,
to reach successful result.

J. C. Kane.

The plodder and slow-one in calculation have passed,
without the recognition of even a requiem or a funeral
dirge ; about the same consideration that Rapid Calculation
receives from a business educators' convention.

This subject has seldom been placed before educational
gatherings in its most simple rapid execution, or in its wide
and valuable usefulness. It has almost constantly held to
its native heath— Actual Practice. Upon many occasions it
has been compelled to occupy an obscure place, not even
seeing the light of possibility in having itself heard.

The position of Rapid Calculation in the business world,
is held by such a strong tenure of right and importance,
ihat tven the written character of word expression, has
been compelled to give way, to the written character of
number, in its influence of determination and estimation of
value.

The business school has undertaken, not through heredita-
ment, but by choice of selection, to foster and advance this
very ' important subject, successfully meeting the demand
of co nmerrialism; this institution has proven the education-
al link, between not and being able, to secure the righ.
qualification productive of a satisfactory livelihood.

It is here, that we expect to realize the fullest capacity
in Rapid Calculation, from the graduate of these schools
which have always made good in practical education.

The primary element in calculation is addition. To it,
let us give attention.

Combinations in addition, have received consideration in
the speed effort, but it is my opinion — had from experience
in railroad, express, teaching, and in actual accounting busi-
ness, that success in rapid addition, comes by a thorough
acquaintance and intimacy with figures ; the knowledge of
each figure's value, and the use of it, without seeming
thought — is the true method to acquire ease and speed.

Combinations die by the wayside, they prove a hinder-
ance not an advantage.

To know and to know figures — to practice and to practice
figures, is the real passport to facility.

This knowledge of, or the acquaintance with the value of
figures is had from the fact that the base of all numbers,
is the relation of one figure to another. The difference be-
tween 10 and 9 is 1; 9 and 8 is 1 ; 7 and in is 3 ; so there-
fore, within the same relation, 9 plus any other number pro-
duces a result, one less than the smaller number, etc. The
same ratio exists in any number, of small or large denom-
ination, in the four elements of arithmetic.

In adding four sets of figures, like 16, IS, 14 and 19, a
glance gives the value of the column of tens, at the same
time the addition is made of the 6-S-4 and 9, making a
total of 67; or, add the first couplet 16 and IS and the sec-
ond couplet 14 and 19, and simultaneously the couplets 34
and 33 equal 67. This is good practice, with quick returns.

The adding of two or more columns at one time, should
not be discouraged, yet in the addition of large columns,
both in speed and accuracy, the one column adder will prove
the quicker and more correct. A fair test to determine first
class ability in addition, is to add 144 figures, — that is, place
12 figures to the line and 12 lines in a column; the success-
ful adding of this number of figures in 40 seconds, is sterling
value and hard to excel.

A simple and satisfying proof in addition, is herewith il-
lustrated :

96945 Reduce to one figure by adding all the figures
94678 to one sum. a total of 206; add the 6 and 2. mak-
69897 ing 8 — which is called the proof number ; then add
45959 the figures of the total addition together, which is
87692 35 ; reducing to one figure, 3 plus 5 equals 8, which
93987 corresponds to the proof number and determines

the correctness of the addition.

489158

This addition proof plan to che individual handling many
figures daily, like the accountant, is gratifying. It differs
from the 7, 9, or 11 proof; it is simpler, non-confusive
and quicker.

Sight addition is in order at this period in the progress
of knowing figures. Try it, using 4 or 5 figures together,
and in a short time you will have become adept. Ability
to add as fast as you can articulate is quite common; adding
faster than the ability to articulate is the position occupied
by the rapid in addition. There is but one kind of addi
and it is known as correct addition: accuracy is more certain
in the rapid than in the slow method.

Something simple and practical in making subtraction
e;1<;v_nml the difference between 427 and 65 Proceed bj
eliminating the 27 from 427 by reducing the number 65 to
38 ; then subtract 38 from 400 and the remainder is 362.
Multiplication.
Quick calculation in multiplying, satisfies n.t only accur-
acy and speed, but pride in the skill accomplished,

So many efficient ways are presehted, that the work is
very enticing and the desire is to discover and know more.

Sometimes, the quicker way is not always the better, doubt
must be kept from clean cut calculation, to assure accuracy.
The recitation of the multiplication tables are still sound-
ine, but when applied to rapid calculation, they are like some
things, in some systems of shorthand. "Its alright to learn
it now. but afterwards— don't U'e it."

In multiplying by 15-25-35 and of such order, use 1 1-2
2 1-2 and 3 1-2 times the number.

Illustration— 15 times 36 is 1 1-2 times 36. having a con-
clusion of 36 plus 18 equals 540. with the unit's cipher uner-
stood; pursue the same method with all similar numbers.
\gain: 18 multiplied by 47 is simply executed by a process

57 X/e/m 5 +

. * %•% % * % i

K % % \ % ♦•* (

elic lusincsa Journal

of this kind: change the 18 to 20; 20 times 47 is 940; sub-
tract 94 and you have 846, the answer ; or change 47 to 50
and say one-half of IS equals 900; minus 54 and the product
is 846. Another plan is using such figures :h 38x13 1-2
change the 13 1-2 to 15 and calculate as follows: 15 is 1 1-2
times any number, thus 1 1-2 times 38 is 570; minus 57 gives
the answer of 513.

A quick plan with numbers like 37, 48, 52 and 69 is, instead
of multiplying by 37 direct use 4 times the number in hun-
dreds, less 3 times the number in the tens and units; per
example — 4S times 36, change to read, 50 times 36 and use
50 as 1-2 of 36 which is 1800, minus 72, (having used 2
times 36 more than necessary) the product is 172S. The
quickest and most simple plan, when multiplying figures that
approximate above and below a certain number, is to square
the approximate number, less the square of the difference:
for instance, 42 times 58, increase the 42 to 50 and decrease
the 58 to 50; then multiply 50 times 50, as 1-2 times 1-2,
(ten and unit ciphers understood and the product is 2500,
minus 64 the square of 8. (the difference between the figures
43-58 and 5(1) and the answer is 2436.

There is not time nor space to give the man} ways of
securing quick results in multiplication but using the few
ideas given above will lead on tn many others.

In billing calculation, there is offered various ways of se-
curing quick results, without any apparent effort, the ex-
tension being placid in the column with the same act as
the entering of the item. This is simple in the learning and
only requires attention to make billing" extensions of any
kind, a pleasure, nut labor.

The calculation of the following items can each be done
differently without any decrease in the speed and without
use of pencil and pad, simplv place the extension after the
price per pound, without stoppage. 1 would be pleased, to
have sent to my add: ess, the different processes that may
be used, in quickl) extending the items in the following bill.

Tea and Coffee Bill.

][. u. i Tea 320 lbs is

E. B. " 750 '■ 55

Santos Coffee Tun " 26

Rio " 1250 " 25

Mocha " 1050 "' 39

Proof of multiplication is determined by the following
process :

Reduce the multiplicand and tnulti-

4929=24=6 plier to one figure, multiply them to-

78=15=6 gether making 36, adding the 3 and 6

■ ■ — ■ you have 9, as the proof number. Add

39432 36—9 the figures of the product making 27,

34503 then acid the - and 7. the answer is 9,

which is the same as the proof num-

384462=27 — 9 ber, certifying to the accuracy of the

multiplicatii >n
Proof of addition in fractions,

2/3 plus 5/6 plus 3 t plus 3 12, equals 8/12 plus l" 12
plus 9/12 plus 3 12, or 30/12, the answer. I
the figures (not counting ciphers) of the numerators, mak-
ing a total of 21; add the 2 and l and the proof number
is 3. Again, add the numerators and denominators in sum
total and you have 7S ; add the 7 and 8, which is 15; the 5
plus i equals 6, the proof figure, wl h agrees with the sum
total, or pr.ini figure, of the addition i t the numeral
denominate irs.

1 hope -nine other time to present very many simple and
quick plans and ways in calculating fractions, decimal frac-
tions, interest, discount and percentage. Try to omit pencil
and paper in all calculations; persistence will win.

Emergency creates necessity, and should ability contrb! the
elements and primary use of numbers in quick expression and
accuracy without seeming to givi least p ssfble thought

to the doing, then you may know that you are on the way
to increased speed in handling figure-, and that a continuance
of the skill will positively make \ i more valuable to the
world, and master of rapid calculation.
"So little for SO much "

A lion mav be beholden to a i

Every man's reason is every man's oracle.

Posteritv gives to every man his true honor.

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ADVERTISING MAN.
Part I : Advertising Fundamentals.

I.— Tell the Simple Truth.

How it builds and holds business. How the article ad-
\ ii used must stand for what is said about it. Why an
advertising man must stand by a broad, straight-forward
policy. Practice in finding the truth and writing it.

i. — Knowing Human Nature.

The law of appetite through the eve, taste and ambition.
What people want. How to make them want what they
don't know tin \ want. Resourcefulness and its import-
ance in advertising.

i. — Ability in Use of English.

Words -their use and abuse. The magnetic catch line.
How catch lines should be written. The argument, etc.

J. — Knowing the Goods.

How to find out about what you have to advertise. The
"talking points" of an article. The salesmanship of the
"talkiug points."

Part 2: Advertising Tools.

I.— Type.

How to know it. Display and body type. The linotype's
place in advertising. The mechanical side of advertising
in the print shop and out.

2. — Illustrations.

Drawing and photography. Making pictures that help
sell the goods. The kind of drawings to use for differ-
ent purposes. How made, when, where and how to use
them.

3.— Paper.

Its relation to good resnlts in advertising. The technical
knowledge necessary in handling copy for newspapers,
booklets, circulars, catalogues, letters, etc.

i Money.

Relation of advertising to the size of a business. Cost
of position. Value of position. Rates and contracts.

Part 3: Advertising Technique.
I.— Ideas.

Piracy and plagiarism. Why both must fail. Ideas in

writing and cut-. How necessary and valuable. Dignity,

humor, information and attractiveness in advertising.
2. Knowing the Customers' Wants,

Their earning power, their home and environment, etc.

The argument, description, comparison and power of

prices.
3 -Preparation of Copy. ■

Layouts, Use of space. Principles of display. Proof

1 1 adii g and it ■ impoi I
me Special Things an Advertiser Should Know.

Clap-trap schemes to avoid. Advertising fakes and how

to tell them. Tests of advertising good and bad.

Part 4: Advertising Media.
1. — Newspapers.

Whal tion, duplication, quality and quantity,

», class of readers, practical work.
2. -Magazines and Trade Papers

The wide choice. Peculiar Knowledge nece

die copy. The cost.
3. — Outdoor Advertising.

Billboards, posters, street car cards. Electric

painted signs. Size, locations. Styles to attract atten-

4. — Booklets. Circulars, N-ovelties. etc.

The kind that look well and the kind that make sales.
Folders, catalogues, programs, novelties and same

♦ • # ♦

ahp iBuainrsa Snurnal

Part 5: Advertising Applications.
1. — Retail Store Advertising.

Good methods versus bad methods. Why some small

stores never prosper. The neighborhood idea.
-. — Department Store Advertising.

The advertising man's relation to the firm, to the buyers,

to the public, to the newspapers and printers.
3. — Advertising on a National Scale.

Putting a new article on the market. Protecting the

name; "burning it in." (jetting re-ults.
4. — Financial . Idvertising.

How to advertise banks, insurance and real-estate.

THE HAPPY MEDIUM.
By A. M. Adams.
X editorial writer on a daily newspaper advises
is to learn taciturnity. And as an illustration
jf the success that can be achieved by following
i^JgWaiXl tin- simple rule lie points to the Sphinx, which
in all the years it has watched the tide of one
civilization after another sweep past it has not been known to
make a single comment upon it. Because of this it is con-
siderable of a success — as a sphinx — but there is some ques-
tion aS to the hit it would make as an auctioneer or real
estate salesman.

Of course, there are probably several hundred times as
many persons who talk too much as who talk too little. If
more individuals would "sit tight and look wise," the world
might take them at their own valuation. Certain it is that the
evil of garrulousness has changed the boundaries of empires
and wrecked many thrones since the invention of speech. It
was said of a certain eminent Prussian that he could keep
silence in seven languages, and certainly if he could hold so
many tongues the average individual may easily learn to
handle one. This of course has no relation to the statement
of the misled Milton, if history has quoted him aright, that
he did not educate his daughters in the languages "because
one tongue is enough for a woman."

Men of action are more often than not men of few words.
This may be on the principle that barking dogs never bite, or
it may be merely that they are too busy doing things to say
much about them. One wouldn't expect the great general
to send word to the enemy that he expected to make a feint
on the front of the opposing army at a quarter after nine in
the morning, and then follow with a sledge hammer blow
with the main body of his troops on the left wing, but some
persons conduct their business much as if they were their
own paid publicity agents

It is an excellent idea for the young man just going into
business to 1,-arn not to talk too much. Many a good business
move lias been spoiled by the pernicious verbal activity of
some one wdio should have kept quiet. It is sometimes hard
for the young man just starting out in business to carry un-
aided the weight of confidence that the head of the firm has
seen fit to repose in him in his capacity as foreman of the
letter tiling department, also first, second and third assistant
in the same department, at a salary of $r, a week, but he
Ought not to attempt to emulate the woman in the story who
had just lost her husband. In her great grief she had
carved on his tombstone the words. "My Grief Is Too Great
For Me To Bear." Time went by, as time has a way of
doing, and in the course of it she met a man who was
anxious to devote the remainder of his days to the task of
helping the widow forget husband number one So -he had
the word "Alone" added to those already inscribed on the
I >ne.

These suggestions might apply as well to the readers of the

ation. It is an open question as to whether woman's prover-
bial inability to keep a secret applies to those in business.
Experience leads to the feeling, however, that the woman
who can't keep her employer's business to herself is likely to
be permitted to resign before long, and the one who retains
her position develops a spirit of loyalty to the business
which a good many young men would do well to watch, pon-
der and emulate.

1 If course, to carry taciturnity to an extreme is just as
inimical to success as that easy, graceful flow of language
which reminds one very much of Tennyson's brook, which
flows on forever, now and then leading the employer to do
to the flow of language what might be and frequently is done
to the flow of brooks where it is desired to conserve their
power. Profanity i- always to be deplored, but if there is
any occasion in the life of a business man when it is justi-
fiable in its milder forms, in the absence of the lady stenog-
rapher, it is when he discovers that through the inability of
an assistant to contain within himself the information that
the firm was about to close a large deal, and that he, Jimmy,
the office boy, had copied the letter, the deal has been
spoiled.

There is a time to emulate the sphinx and a time to forget
it. Some employees emulate the Egyptian marvel when the
head of the department wants some information which the
assistant ought to have at his tongue's end. He says nothing
and thereby creates the impression that he doesn't know.
And the reason he succeeds in creating this impression is be-
cause he doesn't know. He doesn't have to keep quiet in but
one language at such a time to enable his employer to take
his measure and lay plans for securing another assistant.

Washington. Xapoleon, Garibaldi. Wellington, VonMoltke,
Grant, Lee, all these individuals may have possessed a won-
derful capacity for keeping their thoughts to themselves, but
it will be remembered that they said all that it was necessary
to say, at the time it was necessary to say it. They merely
exercised due judgment in the choosing of time and place for
speech. If the young man will follow their example, talk
about his business to his employer and be exceedingly taciturn
on the subject of dances and baseball during office hours, but
when away from the office forget all the weighty secrets he
ha- acquired and confine his conversation mainly to the sub-
jects he is not presumed to speak upon at the office, he will
find the pathway to success a great deal less stony than if he
reverses the order of procedure and talks business outside the
office and sports within it.

REMINGTON NOTES, VOL. 2, No. 11.

"The Great Typewriter Consolidation — What it Means
to the Typist," — this is the title of a short leading article in
the new issue of Remington Xotes. In this article the Rem-
ington Typewriter Company presents to stenographers and
tvpists the advantages from their standpoint which accrue
from the amaleamation of the Remington. Smith Premier
and Monarch Sales Forces which we announced in a recent
issue. The greater Remington Employment Department, in-
sured by this amalgamation, will be able to attain a higher
degree of efficiency than ever before, and will be able to place
a much lareer number of stenographers and typists.

Other articles in this number are descriptive of the new
use found for the Remington in connection with the flights
of French aeroplane scouts, of the greater Remington fac-
tory, and of the greater New York offices of the Remington.
Then. too. there are contributions from Mrs. Donlev. head of
the Winnipeg Employment Department of the Remington
Typewriter Company, and from Miss Wodraska, the former
head of the Employment Department in the St. Louis Rem-
ington office.

Remington Notes is sent free bv the Remington Typewriter
Company to interested stenographers and tvpists, and it

■ Zk^n 5-f-

- *, % % %

BUSINESS WRITING

Continuation of the course of lessons especially designed to meet the needs of the bookkeeper, accountant
and office worker who must accommodate his writing to a minimum of space.

LESSON THIRTY-ONE.

Study "/•' in the scale. Two and a half spaces above and one and a half spaces below the base line. Make a turn in the top and a turn in
the bottom. Close the "/" at tne Dase line* Practice the straight line exercise between "fs". In writing "fine" make nice " n" and a loop in the
" e". Watch the spacing between letters.

-(st/ £p Cy CIS CIS CI/ OL/sL/ CLsVW CLsisL/ (ZLstsW CLAA/ (P^VL^

LESSON THIHTT-TWO.

The small "a" finished like "/" makes "q". Close the " q" at the base line
motion. Watch the "n" In "antique" and the " o's " In "colloquy". Aim to write wil

n writing "quell", make the
free movement.

carefully then use a rolling

GOOD WORDS, WELL SPOKEN.
By Judge McDoNOUGH.
"Nothing succeeds like success" is one of the hackneyed
phrases of our day, anil in its proper analytical meaning only
is that maxim true. The careless, unthinking world very
often calls achievement a success which really is a failure,
and brands as a failure that which in reality is a success.
Success, as an object worthy of attainment, is achieved only
ruble methods! Success, praiseworthy and desirable
as an end, is not worthy of the name when it is reached by
dishonorable or questionable means. In this problem of suc-
cess there is no room for the false maxim that "the end
justifies the means." That man truly succeeds, whether in
the accumulation of wealth, in the achievement of fame or
place or power, or in any commendable purpose to which his

ambition may lead, who has no fear that the exposition of the
means he uses to attain his end shall summon the blush of
shame to his cheek or cause his parents or his children to
seek refuge from disgrace in the sanctuary of grief; in other
words that alone is worth) of the name of success which has
been won by manly, honorable, honest means, which will
stand, alike, the test of publicity and the all-searching scrutiny
of the Judgment day.

In this commercial age, when there is a desire for wealth,
not only in the shape of moderate fortunes, but in colossal
piles, which cast a shadow as large as the tower of Babel ; in
this age of money madness, of frenzied finance, when the
fever and the ague of the Metropolitan exchange seem to
have fastened their clutches in the very marrow of a large
portion of humanity ; in this age when the pernicious advice,

<Ehf IBuainrss Journal

(y^^^^o^^~e^(}^^-ero^^^-(y^D~o^(>^o^-

04^<r 0-k*uv- (3-k^c (Mi^cr 0-Lv<r Q-k^^r Q4U<r

U.^Ji^nsL^' U^i^tyi^yi^c^' (J^Ji^yv€^ U-^vX^n^c^' U^i^Lyi^yz^c^

LESSON THIRTY-THREE.

Learn to retrace the oval form, as given on the first line, with a free arm movement, the same size as the copy. Next practice making the single

"O" with the same movement. Finish with a small loop. Join the capital " ffs" with a rolling motion. The " 0" is two and a half times the heigh!

of the small ' " i" . Make "Ohio" and "Oiling" with a light, free arm movement.

cccccccccc

c&e&ze* C&OD&& OZ&&Z& c£j?£j?j^

Cyo-^yu^y^L^yL^ C^rLAA^yi^a-^ C^r^uu^vi^n^ t^y-CAA^vi^L^

CJi^LSi^sL<LsLeyi^/n^

LESSON THIRTY-FOUR.

The "C" is based on the oval form. Start with a dot or small bop. The retracing exercise should be practiced freely to develop the movement
used in making " C". Make eighteen "C's" to the line Learn to make it small— two and a half spaces high. See scale. The joining of " C's ".like
the second copy makes an excellent movement exercise. Write "Column" without lifting the pen between letters. Suggestion: The first time the student
goes over these copies the sentences could be omitted; then review the letters and practice the sentences.

which may be suitably characterized only by the ugly word
"damnable," "Get rich, my son, honestly, if you can, but get
rich, anyhow," seems to be given by example, if not by pre-
cept; in this age when David Harum's brazen rule, "Do others
before they do you," appears to be not so much the author's
mode of forcibly expressing the blunted morals of an indi-
vidual as it is his sympathetic conclusion of the diseased
ethics of a large and constantly growing group; in this age.
when money, like charity, covers a multitude of sins, there is
an urgent, clamorous need of honest men in every avenue of
life, of men who believe and act and live the untarnished
golden rule, "Do unto others as you wrould that they should
do unto you."

Yes, honesty is a primary requisite for true success, and
while every man is born honest, and an unimpeached char-
acter is his birthright, he nevertheless must always remember
that he is but a creature, finite, fallible, weak, human, sinful

and subject to a thousand temptations which surround him
as does the atmosphere which he breathes. Man must realize
his weakness, and he must lean on the strong arm of the
Creator that he may be guided in the part of rectitude; in
other words, to be successful in life a man must be in every
sense of the word a moral man, and to be a moral man he
must be a religious man, for religion is the bond that ties
man to God, as prayer is the wireless telegraphy that com-
municates the creature's thoughts and hopes and fears to the
Creator that he may be guided in the path of rectitude; in
strength and courage to do what is right, regardless of
human respect or popular clamor, in the moment of tempta-
tion and doubt, and to say to the tempter, in the words of
our Saviour, "Get thou behind me, Satan." Education in
itself, however technical, however scientific, however broad,
however liberal, cannot make a man moral or honest, cannot
add one cubit to the stature of his natural virtues. Morality

V * % % % * %

GJljr iBusin^aa Journal

ir>

7J^> &lZ£y &&tZy &£Zj?> &£Zj?> &££&

&A^>

C^i^LyL4^Lyue^ C^L^LAsLslSl^t/ (LA^^vuiSl~l/

<^J^AA^>tPiJ^v<rvi^' ^AiA^tA^^ciyuLAy crn^ts

LESSON THIRTY-FIVE.

Capital "£" is like a. large figure J reversed. The tv
max rg " B ". Start with a dot or small loop. Make it small.

.^pO-1/ ^yLA^t^yiJ^yi^cA^^.

1 styles of exercise on the first line will aid the student in acquiring the motion used I
Notice the loop at half the height of the letter. Write on each line just what is in th

a, .a, a a, a, a, a- a, 'a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a,

^UfayiAJL/ (ZjaSL^L' (ZfeyiAJL/ (Zjiyt^l^ (Z^l^I^ COfzsuUL/

WESSON THIRTY-SIX. ooptriout

Capital "A" is an enlarged form of the small "a". Notice the straight down stroke in "a". Ii the exercise on the first line, make the oval

with a free movement, then apply the straight-line movement exercise, repeating about six times before completing the "A". Make sixteen "As" to
the line. Notice that the oval of "A " Is almost closed at the top.

to be worthy of the name must confer on the person possess-
ing it the acquired virtues, the supernatural virtues, which are
alike a shield for our protection and a sword for our defense,
and which are conferred by God only through the channels
of faith and religion, which cause the spiritual life which
they create to hold the physical desires and energies in check
in obedience to the sermon preached upon the mountain 1,900
years ago.

Ah, but you say to me, "You seem to be a pessimist; you
see the clouds, but not the stars, you see the spots on the
sun, but you disregard the effulgence behind them, or it may
be that the spots are in your eye and not on the sun ; in a
word you see the weakness but not the strength, the faults
but not the virtues of men." No, my friends, that is not so,
but to-night the 25 years that bridge the present to the past,
since I stepped out of college as a graduate, come back upon
me, and as year is added to year I am confirmed and again

well as their seniors, should have it brought home to them
by the preacher of the baccalaureate sermon, whether he be a
clergyman or a layman, that right-living is better than wealth,
that a good name is better than precious ointments, and that
the approval of one's conscience in the performance of duty
is better than contemporaneous or posthumous applause.

I would impress these truths upon you with all the powers
of my soul. I would have you appraise wealth and power and
honor at their true value, and I would have you strive for
them by fair and honorable means, but I would have you be-
lieve that material things are not all of life. I would have
you believe that there is a simple life as well as a strenuous
life, an intellectual life as well as a commercial life, a spiritual
life as well as a life that has to do with affairs merely secular.
I would have you realize that you have not only a head and a
heart, but that you have a conscience and a soul. I would
have vou render unto Caesar the things that are Cxsar's

<Ihe Huamfsa 3oumaI

:.3z£r ^Xr^^^^r^^r^^^^^^

lKfr£r&- frfrfrtr Ir£r£n&- £rMr£r £r^Mr

Jj~~z?L^yi^L/ J3~&uwl^/ Jj~zz^vvi^t/ Jj~7PLyyyi^^y J3~ZZsWq_^/ J3~&L^V1^/

J3~o ^nn^)^ ^Lci^LAy ^fco ^A^t^ty (sunsi^csL/ oo-/i^4^iycyf' sn^^onxyi^ -^yLSLso-^LS.

LESSON THIRTY-SEVEN.

Study the " D" in the scale. Begin with a straight down stroke, form a small loop, nearly flat, en the line and complete " D" just like the " O ".
Avoid making too large a loop at the top. Write "Dame" without lifting the pen until it is completed. Use a free movement.

V 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

rrrmm^ Trmrm^ TrrmrrL^ Trmrm^ Trrmm^ mrmru-

=z33z7/V 77b70VWy77l77l77l77l7)V7)yrri-77V

//LyL^yiyciy zl^LsctL/ snw-^A~^>tLL/ ^A^isuuls \AUn^ty

LESSON THIKTV-EIGHT.

In making the movement exercise on the first line, make 10 or 12 rolling movements and come to a full stop with the pen on the blue line. Study
and practice the principle which forms the first stroke of M, N. H, etc. Begin with a dot or small loop, Make the " U" exercise on the second lino
with a quick movement. Make well rounded turns in the tops of " M's ". Notice the " g" in " Millersburg ' ' . The loop may be made if preferred.

EDITORS SCRAP BOOK.

Many beautiful specimens of writing have come to our
office during the past month.

E. H. McGhee, of Trenton. X. J., has contributed a choice
selection of both ornamental and business writing that re-
flects much credit on him. Mr. McGhee is making rapid
strides to the front.

The writing of our good friend Pedro Escalon, of San
Salvador, shows he has profited greatly by following the
courses in The Journal, as his specimens are most ex-
cellent.

1. S. Preston, of Lundys Lane. Pa., is complete master of
the pen when it comes to executing flourishes in bird designs
In addition to the neat specimen shown in our June issue he
has sent us another specimen equally as well produced.

We have tinted by the writing of A. W. Kimpson, of
Amarillo, Texas that he has lost none of his cunning, and
his specimens are a delight to the eye.

Superscriptions, both in the ornamental and plain business
hand, which are very attractive, have been received from the
followjng :

J. H. Bachtenkircher, La Fayette, Ind ; F. A. Ashley.
Philadelphia: P. E. Holley Waterbury, Conn.: X. S. Smith,
Waco, Tex ; W. A. Hoffman. Valpariso, Ind. ; F. B. Adams.
Ft. Worth. Tex.; O. J. Browning, Xewton. la.; H. Blan-
chard Los Angelos, Cal. ; A. W. Cooper, Trenton, X J.; C.
A. Faust, Chicago, and . W. Swank. Washington, D. C.

SPECIMENS OF BUSINESS WRITING.
The Journal office has been the recipient of specimens of
students' penmanship tWs month that betray the infinite care
the teachers in charge have given to their work. To say the
least, it is amazing the wonderful progress some of the stu-
dents have made since September but it only goes to show
what may be accomplished when proper instruction is given
and the pupil puts his heart into his work.

4 ♦ * ♦" * 4

v * % t % t «

DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION

By W. N. FERRIS, Big Rapids, Mich.

Address delicered before the members of the Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association at Albany, N. Y.

April, 1912.

URING the past twenty years there has been a
revolution from the standpoint of the signifi-
cance of Democracy. If Eugene Debs had given
ten years ago the speech that Theodore Roos-
evelt gave at, the Ohio Constitutional Convention
the other day, aside from two or three minor points, his own
audience, made up of his own followers, would have ap-
plauded. I do not mean to say that Theodore Roosevelt is
therefore wrong. 1 am not discussing that question. I am
simply saying that public sentiment has so changed, that our
attitude toward Democracy has so changed that what 1 have
said is absolutely true.

We have been ignoring the springs of human action, the in-
stincts and emotions, and we have been putting our emphasis
for centuries upon reason. We have been sure that man is a
rational animal and if we can only train his reason we shall
therein improve the animal. We have 1 1 > >t succeeded alto-
gether. The results are quite disappointing. Some of us are
coming to see that men and women do nol do right in pro-
portion to their knowledge, but they rather do right or wrong
in relation to the kinds of behavior their instincts have come
to manifest, and so men astonish us day by day in their con-
duct. We are sure they know better, but they don't do
better. And so some day in our training of men and women
we shall recognize the essential part of man's nature as well
as bis last acquisition, reason.

For many years we had colleges and universities. Their
business was to give men a literary training. They did not
pay any attention in particular to the masses. They did not
give any particular attention to men who were to engage in
professional work. The colleges and universities were for
the few and not for the many and to that extent those insti
tutions were undemocratic.

By and by, out of these colleges, came the professional
schools of medicine, theology and law. Sy and by. public
sentiment gradually changed and through the demands of [he
people, the common school came into vogue.

You will pardon me for telling you things yon know per-
fectly well. 1 am not a very old man yet in this native State
of Xew York, I remember the organization of the common
school. I used to help my father make out the old payroll
whereby he had to pay school tax in proportion to the number
of half days his children attended school, and it was I
task for him to meet this requirement, because there were
seven of us and his means were small. Another family in
the little country district had eleven children, and they like-
wise had to pay a disproportionate amount of the school tax.
Things are widely different now. We have come to the
conclusion that it pays to educate all the toys and girls and
that the people who have the means are the people who can
least afford to object to a tax for that pun

So much for the origin of the common school. Then came
the high school on which I need not comment. Shortly after
the close of the civil war the organization of commercial
schools began. They recognized that in this world of ours
there were certain demands that were not being met. They
went about meeting the cxingencies of the case and they did
their work magnificently. And now there comes into the
field a call for a vocational school : they tell us that we must
train our boys and girls for special vocations. Such, by the
way. is just merely a bird's-eye view of the development of
education, not with anj degree of accuracy, but with sufficient
definiteness that you can appreciate and understand it.

First, I wish to speak very briefly concerning the pupils of
the ordinary commercial college. I do not need to tell th'.s
audience that they are not as a rule high school graduates.
They are boys and girls with a very inadequate preparation
for entrance to the business schools of today. That is a
pathetic fact, and a fact that you have to reckon with. The:.t
pupils are seventh, eighth and ninth graders, consequent y
we have a problem on our hands that is serious from mat.y
viewpoints, and a problem that has to be considered when « e
try to prophecy what the future of commercial education will
be.

Again, it is well for us sometimes to think of the charact(r
of the teachers in our commercial schools. They are not men
who have had a broad, general, academic education. They are
men who have been trained particularly in the commercial
subjects and have had no special training for the work of
teaching. Hence, there is a tremendous waste and we corr.-
merical teachers must recognize this fact.

W. N. Ferris.

You proprietors have had occasion to hire commercial
teachers. There cannot be a greater mistake than for any
man, even if he is going into a medical college to teach
classes in medicine, to assume that because he knows all
about his subject, that he is necessarily qualified to do that
work without a broad and general education. The best physi-
cians of today are aware that if they are to render the best
service to mankind and with credit to themselves, they must
know something apart from the subjects included under the
head of medicine. Other things being equal, I employ in
my family the physician who reads Shakespeare, Longfellow,
Tennyson. George Eliot, Hawthorne, Dickens. Other things
|Ual, he is the man I want. He is the man you want
This is the age in which the doctor and the lawyer and the
preacher must be something more than a doctor, or a lawyer,
or a preacher. lie must be a man. This 'he essen-

tial requirements in his professional training. And the same
holds true with the commercial teacher. He should know

aljr jBumnraa Journal

something about the world in which lie lives. He should
know something about the educational movements that are
going on about him. He should be broader and deeper than
the work that he has to do in the commercial college or in
the commercial department of a high school. I am not saying
that there are not many who measure up to this requirement.
J know there are a very large number; but, there are too
many who are handicapped bj the serious limitations that I
have indicated.

In the commercial high schools the pupils are of a more
uniform character. They have come up through the grades.
They have had to meet certain requirements: they pass on
into the commercial high school with an equipment that the
average student does not have who enters a commercial col-
lege, and this is a condition that you commercial college men
have to reckon with.

This epidemic, if you want to call it that, this demand on
the part of the public schools for commercial education will
not wane; it will grow. It is going to make steady progress,
and that ought to mean something to the commercial college
men. In many of our best public schools they are demanding
that students shall not take up th<? subjects of commercial
education until they reach the eleventh grade. In the eleventh
and twelfth grades they pursue the commercial branches.
1 am aware that there is no uniformity in this matter about
where the commercial subjects shall be taught, but the ten-
dency is all one way, that they shall not be taken up until the
pupils are prepared, and that means that the high school's of
this country are going to turn out a better product than the
ordinary business college can turn out. Say what you will,
you must have the right kind of material. You cannot make
hickory out of punk. You cannot make hickory out of bass-
wood. Business schools and commercial colleges must appre-
ciate this fact, >if they are not going to be deluged with the
flotsam and jetsam of the public schools.

In the future the pupil in the high school who takes the
commercial branches has got to do just as many units of work
in order to graduate and has got to do these units of work
just as well as the students in Latin and in Greek. That is
the coining attitude of the high school in relation to com-
mercial education. You must admit whether you like to or
not, that many of the men and women who are employed in
our commercial high schools have had professional training:
they have had a broad and liberal education Tiny are able
to do their work under the regular regime of the school with
magnificent efficiency.

In the work of conducting a commercial school I am just
as careful in my advertising as any Normal School or any
state University can be. I cannot sec any reason why I
should put in my catalog and in my publications any of the
old-time decorations. I cannot see wherein a banker is going
to be favorably impressed when lie opens my catalog and finds
a flourished eagle or a flourished lion or some other flourished
beast of prey. As he looks at the gilt and the elaborate
decorations^ 1 cannot see wherein he is going to be impressed
with the fact that T am conducting a real business college, or
a real business university. Our business college men make a
grave mistake in using these devices to secure patronage.

1 cannot believe that it is necessary to continue this sort
of thing very much longer. It sems to me that even the
student when he picks up the costly and elaborately
decorated business college booklet, must ask himself this
question. "Who pays for it"? Tt may be that he has not
enough business shrewdness, enough business acumen to see
that he foots the bills Is it good educational policy for
business colleges and business universities to advertise after
the manner of breakfast food or corset companies? I have
tried both forms of advertising and I have finally come to the
conclusion thai the same modesty that is manifested by

Michigan University will best serve the Ferris Institute. I
believe that the advertising of a business college ought to
have as much dignity about it as the advertising of a great
trust company or a bank.

The quicker we get down in our soliciting to a practical,
efficient basis the better. Wherever I go in the larger cities
one of the first questions I ask business college men is.
"Do you have solicitors"? As a rule, they think they are
obliged to and 1 think probably they are right. In my position
I do not employ solicitors. I have never be:n able to find
the solicitor that I could trust. It may be that you are more
fortunate. The solicitor is anxious to "make good" and he
wiil exaggerate the merits of my school and disappoint ni\
pupils. He offers the prospective student a reasonable excuse
tor coming into my office to declare that he was told that in
a certain length of time he could do a certain amount of work,
or thai when he graduated, he could have a position.

.My friends, I do not believe that the employment of solic-
itors in order to conduct a high grade business school can
always continue. I have never met a business college man
who did not confess to me that he wished he could dispense
with the solicitor. The work of the solicitor comes mighty
near, in a large number of cases, to being criminal. I do not
believe that it is good educational policy to send a man out
into a community to do his level best to get boys and girls
just out of the eighth grade to quit the public school, to quit
the high school, in order to enter the business college, and
tell them there are just dollars and dollars and dollars await-
ing them if they will only come and get a get-rich-quick-
education.

It is true that there are boys who never ought to attend
a high school. There are men and women who ought never
to attend a college, because they are injured by it. Colleges,
universities and business schools have no panacea by which
they can take a brain and develop it into a dynamo fi power.
The candidate has to have a little initiative, a little something
In which you can start a spark before you can do anything
for the boy or the girl. Many parents who have the means
send their son to a college or university onlj to be disap-
pointed later in the discovery that there was nothing there to
de\ clop.

If the boy won't go back to the high school — put him at
manual labor for ten hours a day; don't send him to mj
school simply because the boy does not want to go to high
school. I don't want that kind of a specimen. I want a boy
who when he comes to my school i, a little bit hungry, who
has a desire to do something and be something. Suppose
he likes manual labor so well that he does not want to go
back to school at all. Very well, he will get his education in
the shop. The idea that men and women cannot In- educated
unless thej stud) hooks, unless they go to school, unless they

go to college, is preposterous. My father never went to -.1 ]

hut three weeks in his life. I often heard him say, "I am an
ignorant farmer: I have no education." 1 used to agree with
him. I thought he was correct. Long years afterwards I dis-
covered he was an educated man. For twelve hours ahead In-
knew just as well as the weather man what the weather would
be in the section where he lived. He knew the birds of the
forests and the birds of the fields quite as well as any ordi-
nary birdman. he knew their habits, which were his enemies
and which were his friends. Tic knew the soil of that old
hill-farm. The soil is so poor that my mother and sister have
not been able since his death to gain a livelihood from that
farm, and yet it was handled so skilfully by that man that he
built his comfortable residence, he equipped his farm, he
saved money enough so that be had a splendid bank' account
and loaned money to bis neighbors on mortgage's, he educated
his children fairly well, those that wanted any education: tin
majority did not want any. lie did the best he could for

(Eljr SubUwbs JJmintal

III

tin in During a thunder storm lie would take his chair anil
go out on the porch and my mother would say. "John, please
come in, the lightning will strike you the first thing you
know." "Well," he said, "if it does, I won't know it." And
SO he sat there on the porch and enjoyed the artillery of the
skies. Not one of his children has sense enough, has heart
enough, enough conception of the grand, the sublime and the
beautiful to enjoy the artillery of the ski s. Although he
could nut read and could not write a line he had a mind that
was rich. He knew the world he lived in. He was an edu-
cated man.

M\ friends, iii attempting to keep your class-rooms filled,
do not he over anxious and solicitous. There are scores and
scores ..f hoys and -iris who never ought to enter a husiness
college or a commercial high school.

I haven't much time to bother with "scholarships." Why
under heaven should we as business educators be unbusiness-

give iii.-iii'. of my boys and girls in mj shorthand and com-
mercial departments a course in Latin. I was ono a raw

country hoy. 1 entered thi ormal and Training

School. \i the age of eighteen I drifted into the classical
course. That classical Course has served me royally. It lias
been a God-send to me. I cannot think of any price that
you could place upon it wherebj I would he willing to sacrifice
it.

Let us he a little broader and a little more generous. Do
not discourage any bo} o.i an} sirl from pursuing a high
school course and do not try to have him or her take up the
commercial branches simply because he can earn dollars and
cents. This world is money mad. This world is throwing
aside the diamonds and the pearls and the rich and |
stones of life for something that is not worth while.

You may call me'a "knocker" or whatever you please, bul I
say that a money machine is of mighty little value. \'o

l,: "-'' to disregard the value of our services and adopt greater mistake can he made than the mistake that is

the most questionable way of selling our time and labor that
tlnre is known in the civilized world. Some of you are still
selling them, especially if you think you may move to another
city in the course of three of four yeai

Whom do many of our business colleges admit? Every-
body. Like the old woman who was praying for a husband
and an owl answered her, "Who?" She said, "Anybody,

g 1 Lord, anybody." Our business schools are admitting

anything and everything. I have done it again and again to
my own shame and chagrin. I do not need to comment fur-
ther along this line. We cannot, hope to continue doing this.
There is no reason in the world why we should not climb to
the heights where the employers of our young men and young
women now- stand.

I will now turn to the bright side of my subject, the shjns
of the times in relation to a business education. Thank God.
the time now appears when business education includes some-
thing more than bookkeeping, commercial law, penmanship.
lui-iness Erithmetic, shorthand and typewriting.

There is no one phase of work that you commercial educa-
tors can set about that is of more importance than in attempt-
ing to raise the standard for commercial teachers. Thai
standard needs to be constantly raised and raised and raised,
until commercial educators can stand side by side with our
college professors and appeal to the public in the same frank,
democratic, dignified way that they appeal. 1 am hoping that
by and by 1 shall get calls from business college proprietors
saying, "We must have a commercial teacher who i- a high
school graduate." I get calls now from high schools saying we
must have a commercial teacher who is a college graduate.
By and by, we will be able to convince ge graduates

who are able to earn six dollars a week when they graduate.
that if they will lay aside a little of their false pride and

iter a first-class commercial school where they can receive
special training, that they can go out and get three or four
times the salarv thai the ordinary instructor commands

1 think we shall be able to do that by and by. It is quite
tine that under the present excessive demands of the high
schools of this country we cannot nice! any such demand
now, hut it is coming.

1 ask commercial educators to refrain from making a certain
kind of criticism. Frequently in conventions they are found
with hankers, managers of great enterprises declaring that
'here is no place in a 1»h'- education f i Latin and Greek,
that the classics have got to go, that they are not practical.
thai education in order to he valuable musl he practical. If
you mean by practical that education mus: have the character-
istic of enabling a man to earn dollars and cents. I object
These critics display ignorance that is culpable and as
pathetic as the ignorance that college men show when they
speak sneeringly of commercial education. If I could. I would

times made by commercial men in making an assault on the
value of a classical education. It has its place; not for every
boy. \ technical education lias its place: not for every boy.
Shorthand has its place; not for every boy.

And so the signs of the times say we must have broader
and more generously educated commercial teachers. This is
not said in disparagement of the services rendered by the
men who are, as I am, on the last third of life's journey.
You have done the best you could and the world is grateful to
you; hut that is no reason why you should hinder some young
man by your criticisms and by your views from making the
most of all i if his pi iwers.

The signs of the times say that we are going to demand
more of our students when they enter our commercial schools.
There is no reason in the world, why there should not be
some definite requirements.

You have to do the same thing with a hoy who only spells
a word right once in a while, who cannot construct .an Eng-
lish sentence. What are you g il % to do with your boys and
girls in teaching them English if they haven't any ideas? The
main thing is for a fellow to have something to say, to have a
thought now and then, to let the gray cells of his brain plat
tag once in a while, so that he. will have a few thoU|
lie li.i-n't any thoughts he is just as well off without the Fig-
lish. That is the trouble in my school. 1 could teach English

if ni\ students had ideas, hut many of them haven't any idea,
and consequent!} it is exceedingly hard work. I presume you
havi encountered the same difficulty.

It is your business and my business to see that the boy
goes into a school where he will have to learn and study,
where he will set a foundation for the work that
to require of him. Business efficiency requires it. You have
no moral right to lake a boy's monej when you know perfectly
well he could not beco grapher in twenty-five years

without some change of soul or heart or without some special
! divine providence and these decrees are so few and
far between that it does not pay to base any calculation on
them.

There is another sign of the times. You are going to have a
broader co idy. You are not going to leave out of

your commercial course certain great essentials. Som,
say. Mr. Ferris, we cannot dbit; Well

my friends, it has to come.

In the past we graduated students from the Ferris Institute
requiring seven units of work. Now we require twelve and
when it I to make it fourteen, it will he

fourteen. Some prospectives say that they will go somewhere
el-e Well, they can go. When I cannot conduct my '
and conduct it as I think it ought to he conducted 1 will close
it out. That is the one thing I can do. That is the thing T

0% Uttshtrsa Journal

must do. We under-estimate public sentiment in regard to a
higher standard.

The students will very quickly yield. If you have no means
of giving them the shorthand that they need they will yield.
If you have done the work well in the branches that they
think are primary they can be induced to do the other work.
You cannot do it in a minute, but gradually it will be brought
about. How do I know? Because I have been at it years and
years.

Let me illustrate. A number of years ago when our students
came into the pharmacy department they would not take
chemistry. They were perfectly willing to learn some questions
and answers, but they were not willing to go into the labor-
atory and do the practical work. I stood that thing just as
long as I could, and finally I got in touch with the State
Board. I said, "Can't you see that when you allow a student
to have his papers as a pharmacist, that if he simply answers
this question and that, but does not do any laboratory work,
that he has no chemistry." I said, "There is no such thing as
chemistry without laboratory practice." Today we can say to
every last one of them, "You take the laboratory work or
don't register," and there is no discussion. So, my friends,
when the time comes that you can say, "You cannot take your
shorthand without the English training or without some train-
ing that will give you ideas," they will come to it. They will
meet your demands. What are the complaints that you receive
from the business men? They say, "Can't you give us a girl
that has ideas, that knows something, that has initiative, that
thinks a thought occasionally?" Isn't thai what they ask?1
They don't want a machine. They want a real live human
being; a real conscious thinking human being: one that can
learn something outside of the old stereotyped way. They
would a great deal rather hire a fifteen-dollar than an eight-
dollar a week girl. I don't want the eight-dollar girl in my
office. I start out paying fifteen and I don't want her unless
she can become a twenty-dollar a week girl.

But let me impress upon you this idea. — Enrich your courses
of study and do it as quickly as possible. When you have
established your courses, insist, if they are to take a diploma,
if they are to take your recommendation and endorsement,
that they shall meet your requirements

Another sign of the times is that commercial education is
nothing but a means to an end. The Ferris Institute would
close next Monday morning if I thought that the majority of
its boys and girls studying shorthand and bookkeeping were to
be only shorthanders and bookkeepers.

We do wrong when we teach young people that the means
is the end of the business school: that the means is the end
of the commercial high school. All any system of education
is for is to give a larger vision, to help the student a step
higher in developing himself. It is not merely for the purpose
of enabling him to make money.

The young man who has pursued a thorough course in a
first-class commercial school and is taught that he is not
always to be a stenographer, what will he do? He will
measure up to the requirements of his employer and learn the
business of his employer, instead of remaining a stenographer
If his employer is not a first-class business man, he had better
be somebody else's stenographer.

I recall the Bower hoys, all high school graduates. The
first one came into my Shorthand Department and went
through and then went out. Where is he? Working for
tin- New Y..rk Central Writing stenography? Not a line.
Doing bookkeeping? Not making a figure so far as book-
keeping is concerned. He is one of their buyers at ten thou-
sand dollars a year. That is all. Where is the next one'
Close on the same path, also a graduate of a high school and
likewise the third one. The salaries of the boys now asgrc-
5,000. This proves one thing. All of these boys had a

splendid ground work, all of them had an academic education,
all of them could see what their employers wanted and repre-
sented. They were not tied down to their shorthand. It was
only natural they should make shorthand a stepping stone.
Let us impress these things upon the minds of the boys and
girls. Young women, I do not believe that you deserve some
of the privileges that are about to be offered to you. The
idea that a woman should say, shorthand will serve me all
right. I can earn ten or fifteen dollars a week, and can buy my
hats, clothes, gloves, perfumes and soaps and 1 can get along
very nicely until I can run across that object called a man.

The shortest road for a boy through college or through
a university is through the use of a commercial education. On
this basis I gave both of my sons a commercial education, al-
though both of them are turning their attention in another
direction at this time. One of them is a lawyer and the other
is going to be a farmer. He will graduate by and by from
agricultural college and then he will learn to farm.

In spite of the high position you occupy and the wonderful
contributions you have made to the business world, all of
this is simply a means to an end. I wish I could out of my
own experience impress on your minds the importance of go-
ing outside of your commercial branches and awakening your
boys and girls to an adequate view of the world they live in.

Why don't you do it? I know there are some here that
don't do it. 1 know too, there are a good many doctors in this
world, and a good many lawyers in this world, and a good
many preachers in this world, and a good many school teachers
in this world who do not do anything educationally outside
of the little field of rote knowledge that they possess, and they
keep getting thinner and thinner, until finally civilization will
blow them away.

Education requires something more than that. Let us quit
looking at the little things of life and look at the big things
of life. Do you know that many of the boys and girls who
come to your colleges have the last opportunity perhaps foi
being awakened, for getting a new vision of life?

I never shall forget my own experience at Dixon, Illinois,
i.1] 1876, how, one evening Mrs. Ferris said, "You are going to
drive to Sterling tonight?" "Yes." "Through this sleet and
storm'" "Yes." "Going over there to hear a lecture?"
"Yes." "Well. I wouldn't go." "Well," I said, "I am
And I went, sixteen miles, through the storm and the sleet.
I listened two hours to a lecture that hadn't a single joke in it,
that didn't produce a ripple of laughter or a smile in the
audience. That does not prove it was a failure. For tw I
hours I heard Theodore Tilton discuss the Human Mind All
that there is in my work in the years since 1S76 that has any
stamp of originality, am stamp of individuality, that has any
of the characteristics of efficiency, I owe to that lecture. I
was awakened. 1 had a revelation. I was given an entirely
new visi in of human life And I have embodied that idea in
every stroke of my work, and whenever I receive any praise
or commendation, I am obliged to acknowledge in my heart of
heart- that it is due to Theodore Tilton.

I believe that business college men. if they were familiar
with the great books of the age. familiar with the ure.it
thinkers of the age. familiar with the great movements of the
age, could use profitably thirty minutes a day in the morning,
or thirty minutes in the afternoon to present to their students'
minds some of the great thoughts that have stirred the world.
In that way they could carry out in a larger degree democracy
in education.

Some of tlu- boys and girls in your busine
starving to death mentally. We say the men and women in
this age like rag-time music, cheap books and cheap stories.
What else is given to them? What else can they like' Who
is to give them something better" 1 -n't it your busim
your boys and girls to make the best of their lives? Isn't it

Tk^Y) S-f-

uhr Husutfaa Jcarnal

a part of your work to awaken and to inspire? If they are
awakened do you think they will make poorer bookkeepers?
Do you think they will make poorer stenographers ? Do you
think there will be fewer of them to go to the colleges and the
universities? Do you think there will be fewer of them to
come out splendid lawyers and doctors? Do you think there
will be fewer to go out into the world and make it better?

I want to plead with the high school commercial men to
bring up their standards so that the universities and colleges
of this country will recognize shorthand, typewriting, commer-
cial law, bookkeeping, business correspondence and the other
subjects.

It is time that we demanded that the college and university
recognize the regular work of the commercial school in units
just as they recognize Latin, Greek, French, German, Geometry
and Trigonometry. This will make better commercial schools

If the commercial high schools of this country cannot make
their commercial work and shorthand work enough so that it
shall actually show a development and a real education of the
brain in the same way that Latin and (.reek and German and
French and the other studies should show, measured in units
of credit, we had better abandon the commercial high school
course.

1 now come to what I consider one of the must serious
questions relating to the school work of today. If there is a
cloud that hangs over the horizon of the future of education,
it is this. In many of our commercial schools we fail to recog-
nize a factor in education that no good business man would
overlook. I refer to daily and hourly efficiency in the fine art
of work. In a commercial sch( ol or'higher institution of
learning, why should a student in the morning or afternoon
walk in five or ten minutes late? If he were working in an
office or a factory he would not dare to walk in five or ten
minutes late.

1 do not like these weaknesses in the school. The old-time
home is practically gone. Some say, "We are glad of it." I
say it is one of the biggest losses the American people have
ever sustained. When I was a boy we 'lid not have a wash
stand or basin. We had a nice little creek running back of the
house and every one of the children in the morning grabbed
a little bit of soft soap and started for the creek. Because we
wanted to? No. Because we had to. No breakfast until we
washed. In January we broke a little hole in the ice in order
to wash. Like it? No, we didn't like it. I dreamed dreams
in those days, and I said, "Is it possible this thing is going to
always continue?" And when I went out early in the morning
to get the cows I drove one cow up after another and warmed
my bare feet where they had been lying down. Lather said I
could get along, and so I got along. Just as soon as I could do
any work, father put me in the field. Did I like it0 No, I
hated it. I am as lazy as you are. I just hated to work, and 1
hate to work now just as much as I did then, but there is
something I want on beyond that compels me to work and so
I work.

Every one of my sisters had to work. That meant what'
Self-denial, self-sacrifice. If you will tell me any other way
to make a man or woman and leave out the ingredients of self-
sacrifice and self-denial. I will give you every dollar I have.
Nowadays when Sis gets up in the morning in a warm room
she turns the faucet and dips her little hands in warm water.
If she has been out to a dance the night before until two
o'clock in the morning, mother will bring to her in her room
a little toast and coffee. If she wishes to sleep she can be
excused from going to school.

We are amusement mad. The big problem in our colleges
and universities is. how can we have less amusement and more
study : not a little study and more amusement. Am I against
amusement? No. Am I against football? No. Although, I
would just as soon see a bull fight as to see a game of foot-

to put in its place. 1 won't tolerate it a minute longer than
that; any more than I would tolerate the dance; not a minute
longer than it takes me to find something better to put in its
place. The dance at best is a questionable amusement. Our
sturdy old world is demanding that we give our boys and girls
a chance to do something and be something.

You must employ the same principle of efficiency in the
college and in the universitj that you employ in business.

A pupil who comes into my school tardy three times and is
not able to render a satisfactory excuse, is expelled. I don't
want a pupil around me who was born behind time and has
been behind time ever since. Three times absent from a reci-
tation without a satisfactory excuse and he is expelled.

What is the best thing the Ferris Institute teaches? Book-
keeping? No. Shorthand' No. Business arithmetic, com-
mercial law or grammar? No. The best thing that it teaches
in all of tts class work, in all of its day work, is that men and
women shall come up to the mark, with the same exactness
that they would if employed in an efficient business establish-
ment.

In conclusion I must answer the final question. What is
education for? It is to enable men and women to earn their
bread and butter and make the most of their lives and not to
enable them to get rich and become millionaires. There are
about one million and a half employees in the service of the
railroads in Continental United States. And how many men are
there holding important official positions outside of that million
and a half? Six thousand. What chance has one of the ordi-
nary men in the lower ranks to become one of the six
thousand? Just one chance in five hundred. What would the
railroads i\o if the million and a half did climb up? Why,
then the common work could not be done. Somebody has to
do the work of the million and a half, they only need six
thousand to do the other work. Half of those are relatives of
higher officials and the other half will be drawn from below.

It is time to stop telling the rank and file of the boys
of this country that the end of a Business college education,
that the end of a college education, that the end of a
course in a university, is to enable a man to get a living
without much work We have got thieves enough in this
country now. More than we know what to do with. The
prisons are full and if there were room it would not do
to put all of them inside. Do not misunderstand me. The
world is not going to the devil, although he draws very
large checks. But. it is a faLe philosophy of life to teach
our men and women indiscriminately that the end in life is
to be able to earn a large salary and to get rich quick. ,

Somebody must mine the coal and iron. Somebody must
build our railroads and sky scrapers. All through the ages
the majority of men and women have been hewers of wood
and drawers of water. And through the ages to come the
vast majority must work with their hands. Therefore, if
they are to get any joy out of life it must be associated
with their labor. The most wholesome philosophy that a
teacher can expound is the philosophy of getting sunshine
out of one's daily task.

That education is democratic which will enable our boys
and girls and our men and women to carry on the work for
which they are fitted and make the most of their lives, so
that the man who gets a dollar and a half or two dollars
a day shall be able to have a few pictures on his walls,
be able to have a few books on his table, and be able oc-
casionally to take his family and go to the theatre and enjoy
an opera or a play.

The young of to-day will live to see the time when there
will be a real democracy in education : when there will be
a real democracy in life: when there will be a real democ-
racy in government, when all of God's children will have
access to the great earth that he has given to all his

U,tif lSuHinraH Jlnurttal

NEWS NOTES.
The Mt. Vernon (N. Y.) Argus recently contained an ex-
tensive write-up of the plans which are on foot to increase
t/he membership of the Chamber of Commerce of that city,
of which C. F. Sherman, of the Sherman Business School, is
president. At a meeting which was held to devise the best
method to pursue Mr. Sherman made an address that was
full of good thoughts, and with such a man at the helm the
citizens" of Mt. Vernon may expect very gratifying results.

During the convention of the Associated Advertising Clubs
of America, which was held in Dallas, a unique' feature was
introduced, as on Sunday, May 19th, the pulpits of the
various churches in that city were occupied by advertising
men. We note that Mr. Lewis, of the Burroughs Adding
Machine Co. delivered a sermon, choosing as his text "St.
Paul, the Advertiser of the Christian Church." As Mr.
Lewis is gifted with a wonderful flow of English, we have
not the slightest doubt his congregation heard a discourse
they will never forget.

Hastings Hawkes, of the Brockton (,Mass.) High School,
has kindly remembered this office with a photo of the school.
A glance is sufficient to convince one that Mr. Hawkes has
cause to be proud of the school in which he handles a de-
partment.

In a letter received from Geo. W. Ellis, who has for some
time been located at Portland, Ore, he states he is back on
his old stamping ground at San Francisco, and finds his
services as an engrosser in great demand. "There is no
place like home" Mr. Ellis, and we hope the future may
bring you untold prosperity.

J. X. Kimball, of New York City, will conduct the type-
writing contests at the Spokane convention, which is suffi-
cient guarantee that they will be properly handled and will
prove most interesting. W. E. Ingersoll, of Spokane, has in
charge the arranging of the contests, and such schools as
contemplate entering contestants should communicate with
Mr. Ingersoll at once so that proper arrangements may
be made.

Win. II. Moore, director of penmanship in the Menominee,
Mich., city schools, has evidently rendered very satisfactory
services during the past year, as we learn he has renewed his
contract at a nice increase in salary. The ease and grace so
apparent in Mr. Moore's writing are beautiful to observe.

C. C. Guyett, of Buffalo, who has recently been devoting
his energies to card writing, will take a position July 15th,
with the Spencer Business School, Schenectady, X. V. The
students of that school are fortunate in having Mr. Guyett
take charge of their instruction in writing, and we hope to
me verv good specimens from this school.
I I , •• mi i has been favored with a copy of the

Summer School Bulletin of the Rochester X. V.. Business
Institute, which gives a very comprehensive description of
the summer session for commercial teachers which will be
conducted in that school during July. The advantages to be
derived through pursuing a course of this nature are incal-
culable, as those who avail themselves of the opportunity
of attending a summer session in <>rder to acquire more
oi certain subjects find during the fall that
their calling does not seem so difficult, and they are able to
rendei > services to their employers.

I b \, -,,,,, ..:„, i,,,, been connected with the Parsons
i Kan.O Business ' accepted a position with the

Farm< s College of Ft, Worth. Texas, where he

has charge of the shorthand and penmanship departments
Mr. Adams has a thor dge of commercial sub-

jects in add ieing able to wri d quality of

|writing. Tli i quired an able in-

r in Mr. Adams.

\\ . I.. Smith of the Maiden (Mass.) Commercial School,
issues choice bits of advertising in the form of practical
talks that should prove very effective in convincing young
men and women that a commercial education is a most de-
sirable asset.

The Detroit News Tribune of May 5th contains a full page
write-up of the Burroughs Adding Machine Co. that is most
interesting. The first Burroughs machine was patented m
1888, at which time Mr. Burroughs experienced the greatest
difficulty in securing financial aid to place his inveniton on
the market. Today this Company is capitalized at over five
million dollars and employs 2,500 people. The floor space of
the factory totals ^even acres. Sixty-live branch offices lo-
cated in the United States, Canada -and England are main-
tained by this firm. Xot content with the high grade product
they are now manufacturing, the Burroughs Company em-
ploys a corps of sixty for the sole purpose of evolving some
new feature that will add to the merits of the machine.

i) J. Browning, of the Newton (la.) High School, has
been engaged for another term. This is his fifth year with
th.it school. Mr. Browning's motto, "I scratch for my living''
might well be adopted by those who believe the world owes
them a living and thus lighten the burden of the ones who
are obliged to carry them. The enthusiasm which Mr.
Browning instills in his students is productive of the right
results, judging by the specimens we have received from
him of late.

The centenary of the birth of Sir Isaac Pitman occurs in
1913, and plans are now being considered how best to ob-
serve it. It has been suggested that a public meeting be
held in London, at which time an exhibition shall be made
of books, pamphlets and other matters pertaining to the his-
tory of shorthand. All who are interested in this movement
are cordially invited to submit any suggestion they may care
to to Edw. A. Cope, Honorary Secretary, South Croydon,
Surrey England.

The 54th annual commencement exercises of the Packard
School, Xew York City, were held in Carnegie Hall on May
27th, when 225 graduates received their diplomas and were
sent forth to make a place for themselves in the business
world. The stage was banked with flowers and palm- and
presented a sight the class will long remember. The large
audience present thoroughly enjoyed the excellent program
thai had been prepared. Dr. Fosdick, of Montclair, X. J..
gave the graduates some very good advice in his address on
"1 [andicapped Men."

The State Normal School, of Kearney, Xebr.. kindly fav-
ored us with an invitation to the commencement exercises
which were held in that school May 17th to 23rd.

G. C. Taylor, of Washington, D. C, has been elected to
the principalship of the shorthand department in the Albu-
querque, X. M., Business College, taking charge in July.
Mr. Taylor is a university graduate and is well qualified to
conduct a shorthand department in a satisfactory manner.
This school employs none but college graduates as instructors,
which should insure a very good quality of instruction. A
specialty i- made of giving their students a civil service train-
ing,

Former students of the Ferris Institute who now hold posi-
tions in Detroit, recently organized a club for the purpose
of fostering good fellowship and engendering a spirit of co-
ii 'l"lie dub litis a membership of over two hundred.
C. F. Zulauf, of the Detroit Commercial College, was chosen
president of the organization. Co-operation and affiliation is
the order of the day, and we wish the Ferris Institute Club
every success

The second annual typewriting contest for the amateur,
school and professional championships of Xew York City

Xk^ri S-*-

s t « t % « « 4

Slic iBuainraa Journal

VII

was held mi April 20 at Browne's Business College, Brook-
lyn. Miss Friedman won the professional championship
with a record of 106 words per minute. The contest was very
spirited and once more the entries from the Browne school
proved victors. Miss Dunn, the winner of the contest, who
has received but 23 weeks' instruction, made an enviable rec-
ord, as in 15 minutes she wrote a total of 828 words, but two
errors occurring, giving her a net speed of 55 words a
minute.

In view of the numerous requests for summer courses
in the subjects of shorthand and typewriting, it is interesting
to note the announcements of Columbia University and Adel-
phi College of Brooklyn. In these well known institutions a
thorough course is given from Jul} c. to August Hi inclu-
sive, which includes instruction m the Isaac Pitman Short-
hand and Touch Typewriting. Particulars of these courses
can he obtained from Dr. James C. Egbert, Director of Sum-
mer Sessions, Columbia University, New York, and from
Dr. A. ('. Fradenburg, Adelphi College. Brooklyn, X. V.

CATALOGS.

The University Melange is the title of a :.'Tt) page publica-
tion issued quarterlj l>\ the Universitj of Wyoming for the
purpose of placing before the people of the state items of
interest concerning university life. The book gives a com-
prehensive write-up of the history of the university ami de-
tailed information of the curriculum.

The Gem City Business College, of Quincy, 111., has recent-
ly issued a neat little booklet entitled "Do you want to in-
crease your earning power," which gives the experience of
several of the graduates of that school. The young man or
young woman who has had any doubts as to the advisability
of acquiring a commercial education will find in this booklet
the best possible evidence why one should attend a business
school, and the '"Gem City" will undoubtedly enroll many
students through the medium of this booklet alone.

The prospectus of the Pierson Business College, of Chi-
cago, has been prepared in a very attractive manner, com-
bining the Gothic and Old English style of type. This
school is located in one of the best residential parts of Chi-
cago, which tends to keep the student's mind centered on his
work as there are no outside attractions to distract his at-
tention. ,

The .Mueller Scho.il of Business, Cincinnati, which has met
with exceptional success hit since its inception in 1904, has
prepared a most excellent year-book. The inducements this
school has to offer are set forth in a strong, yet rational.
manner

The catalogue of the State Normal School, Salem. Mass.
is nicely illustrated, showing the various departments of the
school, also portraying a typical country school which has
been erected near the normal school that practical lesons may
be given the normal students how a school should be con-
ducted.

Business school journals have reached us as follows: Pro-
gress, Parsons. Kans , Business College; Spencerian, Spen-
Certan Commercial School. Louisville. Ky. ; The Review, Law-
rence. Kans.', Business College.

Other booklet- and advertising literature i- at hand from
Miami Commercial College. Dayton, Ohio; Mackaj busi-
ness College, Sacramento and Los Angeles, Calif.; Kankakee.
111. Business College: Coleman National Business College,
Xewark, X. J.: Georgia Normal College. Douglas. Ca : A. W.
Kimpson, Amarillo, Texas; Underwood Typewriter C .. New

NEW BOOKS.
A Shorter Course in Munson Phonography; by James E.
Munson; published by G. F. Putnam's Sons, New York City;
revised edition; Cr. Svo; 2:!G pp., price $1.25 net.

Mr. Munson was so careful and so thorough in his work
that a revision might be considered unnecessary, yet he
never lost sight of the fact that daily practice will reveal
errors or defects which might in the ordinary course escape
even the most watchful eye, and he was quick to note these
and always ready to grasp anything which he thought would
aid or be useful to the stenographer in his work. The re-
vision has been made bj James J. Williamson, who for forty
years was associated with Mr. Munson, assisting him in the
preparation of the Shorter Course. The books contains a
complete exposition of the author's system of shorthand,
with all the latest improvements, it is adapted for the use of
schools, and planned to afford the fullest instruction to those
who are attempting to learn the system without the aid of a
teacher.

Educational Training of an Accountant ; 14 page pamphlet
containing the address delivered by R. J. Bennett, of the
Bennett Accountancy Institute, of Philadelphia, before the
Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants on
January 15, 1912. In his address the author points out the
bright future of accountancy as a profession, and gives an
outline of what he considers should constitute the training
of an accountant. It is a very interesting article, and those
engaged in this line of work, as well as students who are
lilting themselves for an accountant's position, should read it.
Typewriting Identification; its use in the courts; by W.
J. Kinsley, New York City; 24 page pamphlet. In this form
the author cites several cases where he was called as an ex-
pert witness which have been tried in the courts, in which
the typewriter played a prominent part, and describes how
by means of the camera be was able to determine the partic-
ular kind of typewriter that was used in writing the docu-
ments that were used as evidence. The pamphlet is profusely
illustrated and is very interesting.

Meservey's New Bookkeeping and Manual of Business
Farms, by A. J. Meredith: published by Thompson Brown
Co.. New York; Cloth. 275 pp. Price, $1.25, Business
forms. 50c.

Pitman's Shorthand Writers' Phrase Books and Guides,
4 volumes. Cloth. 8vo. Published by Isaac Pitman & Sons,
Xew York. 75c. per volume.

In order to bring out the meaning of business transactions
this book from the outset makes use of everyday, familiar
things. It is inductive in its method. In developing the prin-
ciples of debit and credit, advantage is taken of the fact that
almost every boy and girl of grammar school age is more
or less familiar with the cash account. The cash account is
followed by the merchandise and other accounts, and con-
siderable drill is given under each of these beads. The
student of this book will not only be well grounded in the
principles of bookkeeping, but will also attain knowledge of
the modern labor-saving devices which are so commonly used
in business offices today, A short and very simple business
practice set is introduced so that the pupil may become fa-
miliar with some of the more common business papers, and
there is a list of definitions and a glossary of business terms.
These I Ks are intended to as-ist the stenographer in famil-
iarizing himself with the business terms peculiar to the fol-
lowing branches of commercial industry: electrical and engi-
neering, architects, auctioneering and surveying, printers and
publishers and shipping. A list of word signs are given of
the phrases which are frequently used, thus enabling the
stenographer to materially increase bis speed, and those who
are engaged in these particular lines of business will find

VIII

ahr Suatop0a ilnurual

Roanoke National Business College, Roanoke, Va.

Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English, by
Josephine Tucker Baker. Published by Correct English Pub-
lishing Co., Chicago 111. 205 pp.

In this text the author has aimed to set forth the requisites
of correct business letter-writing by covering, in the main-
the following subjects: Correct models of the Heading, the
Introduction, and the conclusion of Letters; Paragraphing,
Capitalization and Abbreviations; also Business Usage as
applied to special forms of diction. This text is intended
to serve as a desk-book of ready reference for both the busi-
ness man and the commercial student.

Pitman's Commercial German Grammar, by J. Bithell.
Published by Isaac Pitman 8$ Sons, Xew York. Cloth ; price
$1.00.

This book, a companion volume to Pitman's Commercial
French, Italian and Spanish Grammars, teaches the rules of
German Grammar on the basis of a commercial vocabulary.
The exercises lead gradually from simple words of common
use to the current phrases of commercial correspondence, and
the student who works through it will have acquired a prac-
tical knowledge of ordinary German, as well have become well
grounded in the commercial phrases of the language.

Biographical Stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne, arranged as
a progressive phonographic reader to accompany "The Phon-
graphic Amanuensis," by Jerome B. Howard. Paper; 12 mo.
30 cents. Published by The Phonographic Institute Com-
pany, Cincinnati.

This book should prove of much assistance in familiariz-
ing himself with the Benn Pitman system of shorthand. The
stories are printed partly in ordinary type and partly in
shorthand. At the outset the ordinary type greatly predom-

inates, but as one progresses he finds the shorthand notes
gradually increasing in volume until in the closing chapters
very few words are written in ordinary type.

Outline of ,i Course of Study in Penmanship for Public
Schools. By C. E. Doner, Director of Penmanship in the
Massachusetts State Normal Schools at Bridgewater, Fram-
ingham and Salem.

This is an eighteen page paper bound pamphlet, and con-
tains valuable information for the public school penmanship
teacher. Mr. Doner is very successful in his work, and it
would be of interest to penmen to look into this publication.
Faust's 75 Alphabets : by C. A. Faust, 1024 X. Robey St.,
Chicago, 111.; 75 pp.; paper binding; price 75 cents.

This book is intended to serve as an additional inspira-
tion to those who are using the author's previous issue,
"Faust's Complete Cardwriter ;" in fact the two go hand
in hand, as the "Complete Cardwriter" contains the in-
structions necessary to make a success of the succeeding
volume. In In- "75 Alphabets" Mr. Faust has delved more
deeply into his subject and he has produced some most
artistic work. The book should prove of much valuable as-
sistance to those engaged in the sign and card writing business.

NORMAL COURSE FOR GRAHAM TEACHERS.

A course in methods of teaching phonography will be of-
fered in the Summer Schools of Chautauqua Institution at
Chautauqua, N, V.. from July 6th, to August 15th.

The work will be in charge of Andrew J. Graham Sexton,
joint Editor of The Student's Journal, from whom full
particulars may be obtained.

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Convention News and Notes

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PROGRAM NATIONAL COMMERCIAL TEACHERS'
FEDERATION.

Monday, 2:30 P. M. — Meeting of the Executive Committee.

Monday Evening — Public Reception.

Tuesday Afternoon — General Federation Meeting.

The usual addresses of welcome and responses. The
President's address, appointment of committees, etc.
Tuesday Evening — Program to be supplied.
Wednesday Afternoon — Central Commercial Teachers' Asso-
ciation Day.
President's Address — Charles D. McGregor.

On this afternoon we expect to hear from ten of the
leading men of the profession on live topics to be an-
nounced.

Following that Business Meeting-Reports of Commit-
tees, Election of Officers.
Wednesday Evening — Address by James J. Hill.
Thursday Afternoon — Gregg Shorthand Association Day.
President's Remarks — H. A. Hagar.
Announcements.
Annual contest for Gregg Teachers' Gold, Silver and

Bronze Medals.
Present-Day Tendencies in Teaching.
Shorthand — John R. Gregg.
Business Meeting —

Report of Secretary-Treasurer.
Report of Director of Evercirculators.
Reports of Committees.
Election of Officers.
Thursday Xight — Program to be supplied.
Friday — Federation Program.

Business Meeting — Reports of Committees, New Busi-
ness.
Note: — The Typewriting Contest under the direction of
I X. Kimball will take place at such hour as will not con-
flict with the programs of the Federation.

NATIONAL BUSINESS TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.

Tuesday, July 16.

President's Address — Geo. H. Walks.

Bookkeeping in the Business College, Present Results Com-
pared to Possibilities — Thos. Campbell.

Should the Business College Teach Accountancy — E. H.
Fearon. ,_ _

Wednesday, July IT.

As a Teacher. So is a Student — L. A. Arnold.

Rapid Calculation Drill — Rules Anounced by the Acting
Chairman.

Thursday, July 18.

How to Make the Use of Real Vouchers Real to the Class
— F. E. Lakey.

The Advantage of a Special Building for Business College
Purposes— M. 11. Lockyear.

What Should be Required before a Diploma is Granted —
M. M. Higley.

Friday, July 19.

Election of Officers.

Bookkeeping or Accountancy in the School, Which — Ray-
mond Laird.

Subject to be Announced — Mrs. M. M. Counselman.

A New Presentation of the Fundamental Principles Under-
lying Debit and Credit — Carl C. Marshall.

NATIONAL PENMANSHIP TEACHERS' ASSOCIA-
TION.
Tuesday .
President's How-do-j i u-do
Report of Secretary. Report of Committees, New Business,

etc.
Why the Business College Laughs — J. O. Peterson.
How to Secure the Best Effort of the Penmanship Class
in the High School — M. A. Adams.
Wedm -
Talk— M. irton MacG irmac

Forgery— H. C. Blair.

Drills and Exercises which will Produce the Desired Re-
sults in the Shortest Time — C. A. Faust.
Thursday

Penmanship in the Grades — A. X. Palmer.

Business Figures — E. G. Miller.

Ornamental Writing — H. L. Darner.

Election of Officers.

Friday.

Penmanship Sermonettes — Lois Stewart, Alice Benbow, J.
A. Stryker.

Contests, Drills, etc. — Directed by Fred Berkman.

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL COMMERCIAL
TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.

Tuesday. July 10, 9 :30.
President's Address — W. E. Shoemaker.
To What Extent is the < Iffice Practice Practical for the

High School — W. E. Madray.
Two Courses for the Commercial Department. Secretarial
and Business Administration — Ira X. Crabb.
Wednesday, July 17, 9:30.
"The Man Behind the Gun'' — S. A. Moran.
The Mental Training of Shorthand — Ethel Bradley.
Work of the Commercial Teacher in the High Schools of
Nevada — George E. McCracken.

Thursday. July 18, 9 :30.
The Commercial Teacher's Work. An address by E. A.
Bryan. ,

Friday. July 19, 9:30.
Election of officers and other business
The Vocational Schools of Germany — J. R. Gregg.
Round Table.
(Opportunity for discussion will be given after each paper. 1

PRIVATE SCHOOL MANAGERS' ASSOCIATION.

B. F. Williams, Des Moines, Pres. P. S. Spangler, Pitts-
burg, Sec'y. Program not yet ready for publication but
a promise to the managers that they will be well paid
for their attendance at Spokane.

NATIONAL SHORTHAND TEACHERS' ASSOCIA-
TION.

Tuesday. July 16.
President's Address — J. A. Hagar.
Advertising in the Business School Curriculum — C. V. Crum-

ley.
How to Finish Stenographers for Quick Placing by the

Typewriter Co. Employment Department — Miss Etta

Murrin.
How to Maintain Interest by Tests. Examinations and Prizes

— E. B. Moore.
Discussion led by Miss Mary Bowman.
Wednesday, July it.
How to Introduce Students to the Study of Shorthand —

Miss Lora 1. Bowman.
How to Start the Students in Touch Typewriting — W. C.

Hyatt.
How to Plan the Advanced Typewriting Course to get the

Best Results — W. F. Ruegsegger.
II »w i i Teach Shorthand and Typewriting to Country Stu-
dents— L. M. Lewis.

Thursday. July 18.
How the Application of Psychology in Teaching Shorthand

and Typewriting Helps Both Student and Teacher — Geo-

W. Scott.
How to Help Students Who Wish to be Reporters — W. A.

\\ i ii idworth.
How to Review Shorthand Principles in Connection with

Dictation Work— H. M. Blair.

♦ * *

(Lht SuBtttrss 3mtrnal

Discussion led by Chas. I. Jenny.

The Phonograph in the Business College — A: E. Kane.

Friday, July 19.
How and What Subjects to Teach in Shorthand Dept. — J.
P. \\ ilson.

by J. C. McTavish.
' Irganize and Conduct Shorthand in Night School —
H. L. Lady.
Discuss V A. Peterson.

■ Teach Business English in School — Frances E.
Raymond.
What the Shorthand Teacher Should Be— O. A. Bosserman.

BUSINESS TEACHERS AT SPOKANE.

By J. C. Evans, Secretary, National Business Teachers'

Ass'n.

The attention of business teachers in both private and
public schools is again called to the Spokane meeting. This
meeting ought to be, and doubtless will be, a very interesting
one. It is the purpose of this notice to request every busi-
ness teacher to go to Spokane with something to say at a
Round Table on the following :

I. The ideal bookkeeping course.

II. How much office practice?

III. When should office practice be begun?

IV. Do we need a new text on Business English? If so.
what are some of the main features it would embody?

V. What should be the attitude of the proprietor toward
the teacher, from the teachers' standpoint?

I regard all of these questions as "live ones" and hope the
teachers will have something to say upon each. Of
course, we cannot have any "long speeches" as that will take
too much time. Ladies and gentlemen, condense your ideas
and take them to Spokane, and we can doubtless be of help
to one another.

NATIONAL COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' CON-
VENTION.

Spokane, Wash., July 15-Ift I91--
Attractions and advantages afforded by the

New York Central Lines

The attention of teachers and others who will attend the
convention at Spokane is directed to the routes, fares and
train service offered by the New York Central Lines.

On a trip of this kind every one wants to see as much
as possible from the very start until the return home and
the new York Central Lines offer attractions of scenic
and historic interest almost from the moment the train
passes out of Grand Central Terminal.

The two points in all the Fast that attract travelers from
in of the globe are the Hudson River and Niagara
Falls, and traveling by the New York Central, as the train
-kirts the banks of the river, thence through the beautiful
if the Mohawk and Genesee Rivers until it reaches
Niagara Falls on the state's western border, there is a
constant panorama to delight the eye and call to mind the
early history of our country.

Travel is nothing, if not educational, and it is almost a
country's history to make the trip
across the Empire State on the New York Central.

Between Buffalo and I hicago the New York Central
Lines skirt the greal lakes and pass through one of the
of the c.untry.

At Chicago the New York Central Lines connect with
all trans-continental ording a wide choice as to

the part of the country to be visited.

\n especial I) comprehensive trip ami one that will take
in many of the great scenic wonders of the west is the
following: New York to Niagara Falls, Chicago, I
Springs with its Garden of the Gods and the trip to the

summit of l'ike's Peak, Salt Lake City. Yellowstone National
Park, thence to Spokane and returning through the grand
Canadian Rockies.

The round trip fare to Sj account of the con-

vention \ ia the above route (exclusive of side trips; the
Yellowstone Park trip covering 4 days in the park with hotel
and -'age accommodations is $55.50) will be $100.00 via the
New York Central and $95.50 via the West Shore.

Tickets will he sold July 10 and 11 and must be exchanged
in Chicago not later than July i_nh and will be good to
return to original starting point to and including Sept. II,
1 |I2.

Pullman fare for a lower berth $l6.00, and upper $12.80.
Slipping over at the various points of interest slightly in-
creases the Pullman fare.

1'he fare above quoted include- Portland, Tacoma, Seattle,
Victoria and Vancouver.

( in the return a delightful trip through the Great Lakes
from Chicago to Buffalo may he made at an additional cost
of $5.00.

Complete information with fare- and train service via
any route will be gladly furnished by \\ . Y. Lifsey, General
Eastern Passenger Agent, New York Central Lines, 1216
Broadway, New York. Correspondence is cordially invited.

LAST CALL FOR SPOKANE MEETING JULY I5TH.
By C. A. Faust, Pres. Chicago Spokane Club.
Those intending to join the Spokane Club Special are
urged to register at once with THE REX TOURS in or-
der to be assured of a place in the train which is rapidly
tilling.

So much has already been published concerning the trip
that we feel all must know the details of personally con-
ducted travel. Tor the benefit of those who have not read
previous issues of the Business Journal, THE REN
TOURS, Marquette Building, Chicago, will be glad to mail
booklet containing itinerary and full information promptly
upon request.

A number of special trains are arranged for, to the Pa-
cific Coast this Summer, which will disband on arrival with-
out any provision being made for the passengers return,
leaving them to scramble before they can be satisfactorily
accommodated, materially adding to the expense of the trip.

All this is avoided on the Teachers' Spokane Club Spe-
cial Train as sleeping car assignments are made for the en-
tire round trip, therefore, no time is lost seeing about your
return reservation; looking up connections, etc.; leaving yu
free for sight-seeing and enjoyment from the time the
train stops until it starts again

The train is conveniently placed at stop-over poim< >i
special tracks set aside for that purpose near the main sta-
tions and easy of access for meals and sleeper.

The following will show where we will be each day:

Leave 10:30 P. M. Monday July 1st. Chicago; Wednes-
day. July 3rd, Denver: Thursday. July 4th, Colorado
Spring-. Pikes l'eak: Friday, July 5th, Cripple Creek; Sat-
urday July 6th, Glenwood Springs; Sunday, July 7th. Salt
Lake City; Monday, July 8th, to— in Yellowstone Park;
Saturday. July Kith, (all expenses included); Sunday, July
14th, enroute; Monday, July 15th, to—; Friday, July 19th. in
Spokane; Saturday, July 80th, Seattle (last day of the "Gold-
en Potlatsh" Seattle's "Mardi Gras" 1 ; Sunday, July 21st,
Portland: Monday, July 22nd, Shasta Spring; Tuesday. July
: Wednesday, July 24th, in San Francisco; Thurs-
day, luU- 25th, Santa Barbara; Friday, July 26th, to—; Sun-
day. July 28th, in Los Angeles; Monday. July 29th, River-
side; Tuesday, July :soth. enroute: Wednesday, July 3ist.
Salt Lake City; Thursday, Aug. 1st. enroute and Royal
Gorge: Friday. \ug -nd. Colorado Springs; Saturday. Aug.
3rd, Colorado Springs and Denver; Sunday Aug. 4th, en-
route: Monday. \ug. 5th, arrive Chicago.

Combination tours covering the Canadian Rockies have
been arranged in connection with the al

Friends maj accompany the party to and through Yellow-
-: ne Park onlv if desired.

2-kyrn o

» ♦ % * % % % *

G% Uluaitwaa Journal

A limited number making trip to Spokane direct, on reg-
ular trains, maj return with the special tram party, pro-
vided arrangements are made in advance. In this case par-
ticular care should be exercised to see that tickets read by the
route of the special train, beyond Spokane.

READY AT SPOKANE.
By R. J. Maclean, Secretary Spokane Chamber of Commerce.

Just a word to say that everything is ready here for the
Convention of the National Federation of Commercitl
Teachers.

The Governor of Washington, the Mayor of Spokane and
the President of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce will
extend to the teachers a most cordial welcome to Spokane,
the State of Washington and the Pacific Northwest. The
governors of the Northwestern states have been invited to be
present.

The Tuesday noon luncheon of the Spokane Chamber of
Commerce are the most largely attended of any weekly
meeting of any chamber of commerce anywhere in the
United States. Tuesday, July 16th, at the Chamber of Com-
merce luncheon, will be known as "Commercial School Day."
The officials of the Federation will be invited as the guests
of the Chamber of Commerce and a big boost will be given
commercial schools and commercial school work.

There will be sight-seeing trips, banquets and other features
of interest. The week of July 15th, during which time the
Federation is to meet here, will be known as "Commercial
School Week" in Spokane and every one here will take off
his hat to the Commercial School men.

The many attractions of the West will bring many com-
mercial teachers to the Spokane Convention who have not
hitherto taken an active interest in the commercial school
conventions. Of course the "old guard" will be here to add
strength and stability to the occasion, but I am looking for-
ward to seeing many teachers here who have not been reg-
ular attendants at former conventions.

The trip from the northern and southern states and from
the Mississippi Valley is magnificent. It is indeed a liberal
education in itself. The teacher who makes the trip wll be
worth a great deal more to his students in the future than he
has in the past. The Convention offers the teachers through-
out the entire country an opportuntiy to discover the United
States, The country west of the Mississippi has grown so
rapidly during the past decade that no accurate or adequate
conception can be formed of it except through a personal
investigation.

In attending the Convention the teachers will have an
opportunity to become familiar with the vast resources of the
West in agriculture, horticulture, mining, lumber and the
fisheries. They will see rivers, harbors and bays that will
surprise them. The mountain and lake sccnory of the
Northwest is unexcelled, if equaled, in the world

me of a dozen western cities is well worth a trip
across thi to see. These cities are American and,

unlike eastern cities of the United States, have not been
built according to European designs. The architecture here
is distinctive and modern.

I have read with much interest the itineraries that have
been arranged for the teachers who are coming to the Con-
vention. These itineraries are unexcelled. They are great.

The scenic attractions of these trips cannot possibly be ap-
preciated without being seen. The lake scenery around Spo-
kane: Puget Sound with its magnificent cities of Seattle.
Tacoma and Bellingham; Portland with its far famed Wil-
lamette Valley; the beautiful cities ^i Victoria and Van-
couver in British Columbia; the Rocky and the Cascade
Mountains and the great prairies of wheat will be sights that
will be rememhered by those coming to the Convention as
long as thev live.

To those living in other parts of the country, a trip through
the Pacific Northwest will be like traveling in another w< rrld
—everything here is so new and different.

1 trust the Federation in the future will continue the plan
of alternating its conventions, so as to give the commercial
teachers an opportunity to visit the northern and southern
states and those of the Mississippi Valley and the West.
This would give the teachers a comprehensive knowledge of
the entire country and through their contact with their stu-
dents would assist in keeping the nation together commer-
cially, financially and industrially.

The Convention here will be intensely interesting, but
aside from the Conveniton great good will be accomplished
by the liberal education the teachers will obtain on their
trip. This will be imparted to their students next fall and in
this manner and through the commercial school journals a
more accurate knowledge of the country will be dissem-
inated.

The Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast have
written me they desire the commercial teachers to call on
them either on their way to or from the Convention. Will
you please say to your readers that the entire Pacific North-
west extends the most cordial invitations to the Commercial
teachers of America to come here and partake of our hospi-
tality and good-will.

WESTERN SCENERY.
Of Special Interest to Those Traveling Spokane Way.
\\ hen Horace Greeley was in California a generation ago,
he paid a visit to a grove of big trees. Leaning against the
largest tree, he figured out the quantity of lumber it would
cut and also that stableroom for thirty horses could be made
in its stump ! This noble tree monument, a heritage of the
ages and one of the world's most inspiring wonders, interest-
ed Greeley in only a common, material way.

Some time after his visit, John Muir came to the grove.
Muir stood beneath this monarch of the forest a long time,
rapt in reverent and reflective thought. The tree towered in
calm magnilicance far above him. Splendidly this living, heroic-
tree appealed to his imagination; in it he caught glimpses of
"yesterday's seven thousand years." Here was the oldest
largest living object upon the earth— the oldest settler' He
had sheltered and nourished numberless generations of birds
and squirrels. He had lived through thousands of changing
seasons, resisting and living triumphantly through forest fires,
earthquakes, droughts and bombardments of thunderbolts.
Sereneh he stood m his appointed place still, a living mon-
umental landmark to inspire each thoughtful visitor!

Plans were being completed to cut and lumber this veteran,
but Muir declared the tree must not be felled. Despite the rid-
icule hi man) who mocked at the idea of a tree being saved
"just to be looked at." Muir resolved to save this tree. He
made eloquent appeals for its life: he had peppery argu-
ment^ with lumbermen; and in one of his Scotchy discussions
with some practical people be made the following assertion
and prediction: "Let it live on: and every year the travelers
who will come to see it will bring into the state more gold
than the total VOU will receive for its entire sliced carcass.''
The long laugh which greeted this assertion has ceased.
The prediction has come true. This tree and other scenes
are attracting Nature-loving money-spending travelers. Seen
erj has become a commercial resource — A valuable asset.
Some Amerii »n Masterpieces.

During the last two decades large numbers of people have
been eagerly paving for the privilege of looking at and en-
joying scenery. As a result, a travel industry of importance
has been built up in a number of scenic localities — especially
in those localities which provided the best entertainment for
trai elers.

Last year Europe did a travel business of five hundred mil-
lion dollars: three hundred and fifty millions of this was
spent by Americans. America has scenic resources far su-
perior to those of Europe. Such is the varied and striking
nature of i>ur scenery and such is the nature of the traveler
that we have but to exploit these resources and all accessi-
bility and entertainment to them, in order to have a more
productive travel industry than that of Europe.

XII

utljv $usirtpss Jauntal

Switzerland is an excellent illustration in tl s connection.
It had an array of attractive scenery. This scenery was made
pleasantly accessible by means of good roads. The traveler
came. He was graciously received and comfortably enter-
tained. He lingered. Finally he cheerfully paid his bill and
went home. The following year he returned, accompanied by a
number of friends. Thus in a few years Switzerland, with
an area of only fifteen thousand square miles, by exploiting
its scenery built up a travel industry that brings it two hun-
dred million dollars annually.

In the nature of things the United States should have a
travel industry of vast economic importance, We have num-
erous and extensive scenic areas of unexcelled attractiveness
together with a majority of the world's greatest scenic won-
ders and wonderlands. All these too, repose in a climate .that
is hospitable and refreshing. Develop these scenes by making
them ready for the traveler and they will become continuous-
ly productive.

Our established scenic reservations, or those which may be
hereafter set aside, are destined to become the bisis of our
large scenic industry. Fortunately the area of i ur present
scenic reservations is approximately as extensive as Massa-
chusetts. These reservations embrace thirteen nut onal parks
and twenty-eight national monuments. Each park and mon-
ument was reserved, because- of its scenic wonders, to be a
recreation place for the people. The monuments were set
aside by extensive orders of the president — the parks by acts
of Congress. Each park or monument is a wonderland in
itself. All these together contain some of the strangest, sub-
limes! scenes on the globe. Within them are a number of
unique, magnificent scenes. The combined nations of the
earth cannot show an equal array of loveliness, strangeness
and grandeur. Each reservation is different from the others;
and in all of them a traveler would spend a lifetime without
exhausting their wonders. Our scenic exhibit then, is un-
rivaled. It displays all the delightful scenes which travelers
demand — shows many that cannot elsewhere be beheld anil
has some undreamed-of groupings in the fine arts of Xature
The following list gives all the national parks and ten of
the twenty-eight national monuments, together with the loca-
tion of each and its characteristic features:
National Parks.

N VMFt

Yellowstone
Hoi Spri.vgs

Crater Lake
1'latt . .
Wind Cave
Sully's Hill

LOCATION
Wyoming .
Arkansas .

. Califot
in Arizori
. Washii

kills
Big trees, 1
Unique gla

peaks
Big trees
Prehisto '

ARACTERIST1CS.

canon, geyser
springs and

oded

alley and

igton

noble

lar

rater

rde

NAME

Grand I ai

Petrified Fori s\ .

. i tregon . . . Lake in - - rinct

. Oklahoma . . . Mineral springs

. South 1 lakota . Caverns

. North Dakota . W led hills and lake

. ( Colorado . . . Cliff houses and ca s

. Montana . . . Glaciers and glacial lakes

Nation m Mon umen is.

LOCATION. i ii MM IKR1STICS.

. Arizona . . . "Titan of Chasms"
lize.l forests

Natural Bi idgi s
1 1' vil's Tower
Mi. not i llympus
Navajo . . .
Wheeler . .

Utah .... Extraordinary cation erosion

i California . . . Prime> al n dw I forest

California . . . lava field
Utah .... Enormous natural bridges
Wyoming ... Example of ei osion
Washington . • Snowy mountains

(1,11 dwi llings and pueblos
Volcanic formations

llit, i- a splendid arraj of nature's masterpieces, to lure
and reward the traveler. In mountainpeaks there arc Grand
Teton, Long's Peak, Mounl Whitnej and Mount Rainier;
in canons, the vast Grand Canon and the brilliantly colored
Yellowstone; in gorges, thai peerless pair— the Yosemite
and the Hetch Hetchy; in trees, the unrivaled sequoias and
many matchless primeval forests; in fivers, few on the
earth are enriched with scenes equal to those between
which rolls the Columbia ; in petrified forests, those in
Arizona and in the Yellowstone are unsurpassed; in natural
bridgi . tho i in Utah easily arch above the other great
f tl i deserl attractions, I >eath Vallej i iffei -

i rari di plaj oi colors, strangeness, silences and mirages;
in waterfalls, Niagara, Yellowstone and |Yosetnite; in
glaciers, the Blackfoot, the Nisqually and the Vrapahoe; in
medicinal springs then- is an arraj of flowing life-extending
fountains; in wild flowers, the mountain wild flowers in the
West are lovely with the loveliest anywhere; in wild ani-
mals of interest and influence, the grizzly bear, the beaver
and the mountain sheep; in bird music, that which is sung

by the thrushes and canon wrens silences with in
sweetness the oilier best bird-SOngS of the earth. In these
varied attractions of our many natural parks we have ample
play-grounds for all the world and the opportunity for a
travel mdiistrv many tunes as productive as our gold and
silver mines — and more lasting, too, than they. When these
scenes are ready for the traveler we will not need to nag
Americans to see America t i r s t : and Europeans, too, will
start at once a continuous procession to these wonderlands.
— Saturday Evening Post.

THE UNDERWOOD OPERATOR.

At last the day of the perfect form letter is at hand. The
I'nderw 1 Typewriter Co. has placed on the market a ma-
chine that operates a typewriter, producing actual typewrit-
ten letters at a rate of four to live thousand words an
hour, according to the layout. During a recent visit to the
offices of the Underwood eight of these machines were
seen in operation, turning out letters by the thousand for
business firms in Xew York City, and it was truly a won-
derful sight to see this marvelous contrivance performing
its duties. Not only does it print the letter, but also fills
in the name and address of the recipient and addresses the
envelope. Changes tnav also be made in the body of the
letter if desired.

The Underwood Operator.

The complete outfit consists of the operator, a perforator,
an Underwood typewriter and a paper feeding device.

The operator proper rests upon an oak cabinet, which con-
tains the motor and a portion of the pneumatic mechanism,
as well as a receptacle for the master sheets while being
used. The interior of the operator contains the type bat
plungers, that portion of the pneumatic system which oper-
ates them and a series of feed and guide rolls upon which
the master sheets move-. As will be noted in the illustration,
the typewriter is placed at one end of the operator in such

position tli.it a type bar plunger is just above each key.

The perforator is the machine upon which the master
sheets are prepared for use in the operator. The keyboard
is the same as the ordinary No 5 Underwood, excepting

tli. u Four additional keys ate used, namely; address change,
blank space, carriage return and stop.

The paper feeding device appears almost human in its
operations, and the observer stands amazed as he sees it
supplying the paper to the typewriter. It consists of a set
of feed rolls, driven by a postive movement, and two re-
ceptacles for holding paper 'tie the blank letter heads,
and the other the completed letters. It is connected with

Xksrf) O

GJljr lSustttPoa Journal

XIII

the pneumatic mechanism, and is attached to the carriage of
the typewriter. At the proper moment the blank letter heads
are taken from their receptacle, one at a time, dropped into
the typewriter and registered. When the letter is completed,

it is carried out of the machine and deposited in another
receptacle.

What is termed the master sheet is a specially prepared
brand of paper upon which the form letter has been written
with the perforator. As this paper revolves in the operator
the perforations cause the type bar plungers t" hear down
on the keys of the typewriter.

The machine is operated by electrical power and works
pneumatically. The motor may he attached to any regular
electric light circuit by mean- oi a cord and plug the same
as a connection is made for an electric fan. It stops auto-
matically when the last name on the name master sheet has
been used, or when the supply of paper is exhausted. The
machine requires no attention or supervision. All it require*
is to be supplied with paper — fill the rack and the operator
will do the rest.

The cost of the entire outfit is $677.50. In view of the
popularity of the form letter as a means of securing new
business, this machine will be greatly in demand by firms
having large mailing lists. The one great drawback of the
vast majority of form letters heretofore has been that the
recipient could tell at a glance that they were form letters,
and would cast them aside without reading the Contents.

INVESTMENTS AND SECURITIES FOR SALARIED
PEOPLE.

I'.v MEL\ II IK II Sw VRT.

II. /". Bachman & t'<>.. Philadelphia, Pa.

IERE are two primary aspects of investment —
aspect and the individual aspect.
The first is public and the second personal. The
unconsumed products of uidustn become one of
the primal elements in the creation of new prod
nets. "I'he things which lie at hand in the earth

and the potentialities thereof abound as well for the savage
as for the civilized man. hut the latter gathers them while the
former (has not. 'file gathering process as carried on in
our present organization requires two major instrumentali-
ties, labor and capital. The labor inn be the straining of
the muscles or the concentration of the mind, while capital is
the wealth previously procured and ~;i\ul. and then turned
into co operation with labor The saved product of previous

effort is in itself wealth, but when it esists inert, it is of no
present g 1 to its owner or to society. When, however, its

inertness is stripped from it. and it is given activity by com-
bination with labor in new production, it becomes capital and
rightfully claims its share of the thing thereby produced.
Mere wealth neither receives nor is entitled to receive a re-
turn, any more than mere physical strength is, entitled to a
reward, but when activitj changes wealth into capital, and
strength into labor, something new is created, and the con-
tributing elements in that creation are entitled to the thing
crr.it, d

The directing of wealth into productive channels cannot al-
ways be undertaken bj the i>i-issir of the wealth. It is fre-
quently widely diffused in small parts, and it is only through
the concentration thereof that it can be handled in wieldy
volume. The bank, saving fund, insurance compauv and kin-
dred institutions act as concentrators of this scattered wealth.
and direct it into productive channel- on behalf of the Con-
tributors I d i not want to make tins paper in the least
Statistical, and therefore it will suffici to saj that millions
upon millions of investment securities are held In these insti-
tutions, whose funds are gathered throughout the length and
breadth of the land Where, however, an individual is the
owner of an amount of wealth capable of independent place-
ment in industry, it is a vastlj more economic process for
such person to do bis investing without the intervention of
anj expensive agency, and thcrchv procure ilk- full return due
ribution to the instrumentalities of production. The
difference in return to the indirect ami the direct capitalist is

the difference between a two or three per cent, institutional
interest rate ami a four or -ix tier cent, yield on a perfectly
secured bond.

'file opportunities for individual investment exist todav in
irrimeasurablj greater number than in any previous time, even
including the previous generation. A few centuries ago
practically all property consisted of real estate and the inci-
dents thereto, industrial and commercial activitj being at
their barest minimum, and without respect, and even without
appreciation of their functions in civilization. As a result.
the wealth that existed was primarily utilized for the acquisi-
tion of real estate, and caste was determined by such owner-
ship. In consequence there was no appreciation whatever of
tie beneficient nature of capital a- one of the great elements
in production. Throughout the Bible there are many tirades
against the lending of money for reward, geuerallv charac-
terized as usury in our English translation-, bul a- ha-, been
thoroughly established, meaning interest as we understand
that term. A classic illustration of the disrepute in which
capitalism is held is afforded in the Merchant of Venice,
where Shylock is made a sordid character at the very opening
of the play by reason of the fact that he lends his money at
interest.

As an incident to the concentration of conserved wealth in
ownership, there grew up a diffusion of interests in such real
estate. Besides the title to the ground, there developed
ground nuts and mortgages, the first being a reservation, for
an annual or other periodical charge, upon the land of another,
and the second a claim upon the land of another for a
specific sum of money, with a periodical interest paymen/
during the existence of such claim. While in the English law
a thorough and highly refined system of real estate jurispru-
dence developed gradually and spontaneously, it became neces-
sary a comparatively few centuries ago, when trading crept
into English life, to borrow for its control the so-called Law
Merchant which had never had any previous development in
the bodj of the common law of England. It therefore had
to be grafted on to it out of the old bodj of Roman law,
under which the continental commerce hail been regulated.

Ground rents have long ceased to be popular as a form of
investment, since in their original form they carried with
them no obligation for the return of any particular sum, but
mortgages have remained a standard form of investment,
and doubtless always will. A well selected mortgage ha-
many advantages, and quite some disadvantages. The en-
forcement of the obligation to pay is cumbersome and the
maturing of the obligation in a verv few v ears necessitates
re investment at frequent intervals. Great care must be taken
to procure an absolutely clear title and the prevention of the
divesting of the lien of the mortgage by a judicial sale upon
anv possible claim. In addition, there is always existent an
element of chance a- to neighborhood values, different vicin-
ities rapidly coming into or falling out of popular favor, with
marked effect upon real estate prices. The sheriff's sail lists
in anv grcatlv populated district are alvvavs distressingl]
large.

for main years the lending of monej to governmental
bodies, national, state or municipal, has found high favor
among the possessors of wealth. The obligation of a solvent

nation or any municipal division thereof, is a prime invest-
ment, but has its serious detractions. The rate of interest on
these governmental securities, where the solvencj is thor-
oughly established, is exceedingly low. An individual or an
institution having vast funds to [.lace, may well place a small
part of them m such channels, but for an ordinarv -mall
investor to ,o dispose of his muds, would constitute .1 E0II3
of practical financial suicide. It is no different in principle
from a workman's sale of his labor for a compensation vastly
below that to which he is entitled, simply because he knows
that his employer will not meet with insolvencj before the
pay-day. There is one other serious objection to the so-
called municipal securities 111 that the owner oi them i-
entirely without recourse if. because of illegality in their
issue, political unsettlement, or for anv other reason, the
immunity should refuse to meet its obligations \
municipal bond is a right without a remedy.

i nlj .1 tew i|e. ail.- ago, municipal and real

securities constituted by far the greater part of the invest-
ment holdings of the possessors of wealth. With the tremen-
dous industrial activity which attended the development of the
mechanical arts over the past century, investments have
broadened enormously. The advent of the steam railroad
created a new and exieent demand upon accumulated wealth.
Vast millions have been spent in the construction
artificial channels of commerce, and while many of the rail-

XIV

<Zt)t IBuauiraa Journal

road exploitations received the direct assistance of govern-
mental bodies, the largest part of their cost had to be met
with borrowings from individuals either directly or through
the institutions which hold their savings. The timidity of
capital and its instinctive shrinking from new fields are
thoroughly well known, and it therefore became necessary
for the exploiters of our railroad enterprises to mane their
invitation to wealth most tempting in order to attract it to
them in their new and hazardous undertakings. The bonds,
through the medium of which the early railroads were built,
were sixes, sevens or eighths, and in addition to this high rate
of interest, large bounties or bonuses of stock were offered.
Some of the still existing underlying bonds of some of our
greatest railroad companies pay seven per cent, per annum on
their face amount, and the R. R. K. Co., within the past few
years, paid off bonds secured by mortgage on its main line,
and earning six per cent, per annum in interest. Railroad
buildiiig passed through its speculative era, an.1 a form of
investment, which a i^K decades ago was regarded as
hazardous speculation, now ranks as ultra conservative and
on a parity in this regard with municipal obligations The
six per cent, bonds of the P. R. R. referred to above were
refunded with bonds now selling on a 3.80 annual yield basis.

With the discovery of electricity and the devising of means
to commercialize it, and concurrently with the opening up of.
our vast coal fields, there has been a tremendous develop-
ment of enterprises for the supplying of communities witn
electric lighting, electric power, electric transportation, tele-
graph and telephones, and with gas for illumination and
fuel. Today a rural community in the middle West has
greater comforts than the Metropolitan centres enjoyed a
generation ago. Vast millions have been expended in this
new exploitation., and as in the case of railroads, the -millions
had to be borrowed by those who did not have them from
those who did. Again the timidity of capital asserted itself,
and to divert it from its more popular refuges, the bait of
larger return was necessarily held out. Today, without any
justification, and for no reason other than capitalistic inertia,
a high grade, public utility bond, as these securities gener-
alized, are termed, is accorded less respect than a high grade,
or even a middle grade railroad bond, and can be procured on
an income basis considerably more favorable to the investor
than can those of the railroad class. ( In no other ground
than that affordid by the reluctance of timid capital to tread
new field can the difference in income between a railroad
bond and a utility bond of the same general rank be ex-
plained. The call for capital in public utility exploitations has
been much more urgent in the past decade than has been
the call for railroad funds, but in a state of perfect mobility
of capital, this would greatly reflect itself in a shifting
from the one form of investment to the other and a resultant
tendency toward an equalization of return from bonds of
equal grade. While such a tendency does undoubtedly exist,
it assert itself even today in surprisingly small measure, and
it is possible now lor an investor to procure a prime public
utility bund that would yield him .V _■ per cent, per annum,
wdiile a similarly stable railroad bond would pay him no more
than i'/i per cent — a sharp contrast when reduced to the
relation of ?4. '-.':> to $5.50, or a difference of almost 30 per
cent. Xot only is this differentiation against the utility bond
unjustified, Inn I have no hesitation in expressing my personal
opinion that there is im form of investment available which
IS superior to the bonds of a well run and successful utility
corporation. The railroad business, while not as seriously
affected by trade conditions as are strictly industrial enter-
prises, is nevertheless vitally touched by a general business
recession.

\ sever,, set-back reduces the coal carriage tremendously and
in addition, takes awaj from the railroads that part of their
tonnage which is made up of manufacturers' products and
kindred articles. \s a result, in times of depression, railroad
earnings fall off sharply and the s, curities of the railroad
companies are to that extent impaired. Hut in sharp contrast,
experience slums that industrial recessions exert an almost
imperceptible effect upon the earnings of utility corporations.
Whether working on less tune or at less wages, or out of work
entirely, the ordinarj every-day man is loath to dispense
with his light or with his fuel, and they are about the last
things which he will surrender. If' maj go in debt with his
butcher, hi- faker, and his candlestick maker, and doubtless
would be phased to go in debt with his electric light com-
pany or his gas company, hut they will not allow him to do 50,
As a consequence, he uses all of his available resources in the

procurement of the almost indispensable comforts which elec-
ind i i will give him. The depression following tin-

panic of 1907 established this fact beyond peradventure, and
as established, it lends a powerful foundation to the bonds of
gas and electric companies. As a result of a number of
years' experience and study of the field of investments, I am
able to state without any misgivings that 1 regard the secur-
ities of a well conducted, properly financed electric or gas
company, with a demonstrated earning capacity, as the most
desirable form of investment for persons of moderati means
not engaged in any work of their own requiring their capital.
I say this because 1 believe that with equal security of prin-
cipal, a larger return can be procured from such investments
than from any with which 1 am familiar. I do not mean that
there are no pitfalls in this field of investment, for there are,
and many of them. Questions of physical valuation, fran-
chises, earnings, legality, arise with relation to every utility
security, but if I were to speak to you for many days upon
these really technical topics, I might give you an abundance
of useful terminology, hut I would not be able to give you
much instruction. The investment business is technical almost
to the point of being professional, and the choosing of partic-
ular bonds within any field is a matter for a technically qual-
ified expert, and not for the investor to decide. W hen you
place your savings in an enterprise, it is proper that you
should determine the general nature of the investment which
you care to make, but the particular security to be chosen,
would be chosen by you at your peril. You need a reputable
and intelligent banking house to make the choice for you.

In discussing public utility securities in detail, 1 did not
refer to telephone and telegraph securities, though I mention
them in a general way. They are somewhat differentiated
in their nature from the ordinary electric and gas securities,
and lack the stability of the latter, because not clothed with
the same character of indispensability, and therefore of in-
dependence of general trade conditions. Similarly I failed
to include, because of its different nature, another form of
security, generally classified as within the public utility class,
namely. Water Company obligations, but such securities
present the same characteristic- as those of electric and gas
enterprises, and are to be favored for precisely the same
reasons as are the others.

Of late quite some popularity has been gained by the se-
curities of industrial enterprises of all kinds, from the large
steel foundries down to those of mail-order stores and of
glove and clothing manufactories. They are made attractive
by large returns, and while doubtless many of them will
produce a profit to their holders, they are susceptible in an
acute degree to the effect of individual management and
trade conditions, and for that reason must be regarded as
unconservative.

In discussing the forms of investment, I have used the
generic term securities, purposely avoiding a differentiation
between bonds and stock. The difference between the two,
however, is vital and most far reaching. Stripped of all
accidental features, a bond is an obligation to re-pay; it is
an evidence of indebtedness by a borrower to the lender, and
the security of the enterprise is pledged for the re-payment
of the sum mentioned therein. Stock is an evidence of pro-
portionate ownership in a corporate enterprise and to the
gains derived in the furtherance thereof; there is no promise-
to re-pay anything, nor even to pay anything, the only ob-
ligation being to give to the holder his integral 1 art of the
distributive part of the earnings of the business. A bond-
holder is a creditor: a stockholder is a partner. A bond-
holder is strictly" speaking a capitalist, while a stockholder is
engaged in business. It is frequently highly profitable to
engage in a business which some one else manages, hut as a
general proposition it is dangerous. The face amount printed
mi a bond signifies the extent of the debt owing by the com-
pany to the bondholder. The face amount on a certil

stock means nothing whatever.
Generalizations arc frequently dangerous scientifically, hut

Ihev are frequently useful practically, and I have no mis-
givings in saying to you, an assemblage of teachers, that you
cannot do better than to protect your savings from the temp-
tations and allurements which stock dealing subtly presents
A fool and his money are soon parted, and the enticements
of stork speculation have sapped th< wisdom out of main a

sage head.

BIRTH.

I fuller Autin Madrav .
May 6, I '.if.'.
Mr & Mrs. Virgil E. Madrav.
Butte. Mont

Xk^Y) 5-f-

eljr lSustnrsfi Journal

OBITUARY.
Fred II. Bliss.

Fred II. Bliss, president of the F. II. Bliss Publishing Com-
pany, and of the Bliss-Alger College of Saginaw, Michigan,
died .11 his home in that city Maj 21st, of laryngitis. About
two years ago Mr. Bliss' health began to fail, and in the
fall of 1910, acting upon the advice of his physician, he went
to Florida for the winter. The following spring he went to
Colorado where he seemed to improve for -nine time and was
able to spend the winter holidays at his home in Saginaw, re-
turning to Colorado about the middle of January. However,
as spring approached, he seemed to decline again and returned
to Saginaw on the §d of May, where he passed away just is
days later.

Mr. Bliss was born at Conneaut, Ohio, on March ::, 1861,
coming from a family of --turd) Ohio pioneers who had lived
in that township ior nearly one hundred years. He received
his early education in his native town, after which he at-
tended the Valparaiso, I ml.. Normal. He taught school for
two or three years, and then deciding to take up com-
mercial school work, took a course at (lark's Business Col-
lege, of Erie, Pa., where he was retained as a teacher. He
was not long contented to work for some one else, and in
1885, he, in company with W. W. Phipps, opened the Inter-
national Business College, of Saginaw, Michigan. This in-

Fred H. Bliss.

stitution prospered from the start and grew to be one of the
largest schools in the State. Mr. Bliss devoted his entire time
to this work for 11 years, when he sold out, and with
his brother, C. A. I!li-s. went to the New England States and
started a number of schools which are to-day among the
most prosperous institutions of the East They also opened
the Hli" College, of Columbus, Ohio, which has an animal
attendance of aboul BOO

In every school with which Mr. Bliss was connected, he
insisted upon the best courses, the most up-to-date methods,
and competent, conscientious teachers, believing that the
pupils were entitled to tin' best instruction possible. Xor
dnl he consider his obligation cancelled until the student had
been placed in a good position. Main young men and women
nave been given free scholarships in his schools, and often-
times they have also been given board m his own home.
[Thousands of young people have > thankful that

they were privileged to take their course under his watchful
superintendence.

During Mr. Bliss' career as a business college proprietor,
he formulated a system of Office Practice I >r the students,
believing that such practical work would (jive them a much
better understanding of their course. Finding that his pupils

gained so much benefit from this training, lie decided to en-
large upon the work and present a purely actual business
course, which he did, and in 1899 returned to Saginaw and
organized The F. II. I'.hss Publishing < ompany, for the pur-
pose oi placing on the market "The Bliss System of Actual
Business from the Start." Business teachers were quick to
appreciate the value of such a training as the I'.hss System

afforded, and he met with remarkable success in the sale of

his publications, not onlj in this, but in other countries as

well. Mr. I'.liss was a pioneer in the presentation of actual
biisine-s in the schoolroom, but to-day it is the popular idea,
and no commercial course is considered complete unless the
student has been given some actual business training.

Iii 1907 Mr. Uliss with Ins son-in-law, I-'. R. Alger, opened
the Bliss-Alger College, of Saginaw, Michigan, consolidating
with the International. This school was especially designed
as a teacher's training school, and many of its graduates are
annually placid in splendid teaching positions.

Since the organization of The I-'. H. Bliss Publishing (om-
pany, Mr. I'diss has given his entire time to this work, put-
ting into it the same energetic progressive Spirit as in his col-
lege work. He was a mail of high ideals and of untiring
energy. With him to undertake a task was to accomplish it.
He knew no such word as failure, lie especially enjoyed the
publishing business, planning for its development .and im-
provement up to the Very last. He had made arrangements
for the publication of several new books, and these will be
placed on the market this coining year. Although be did not
fear to meet death, it was with the greatest regret that he
laid aside his work, in the very prime of life.

Mr I'diss was married m 1884 to Miss Stella Rugby, at
Conneaut, Ohio, ami their union has been an unusually happy
one. Mrs. Bliss was a teacher and she has always been as-
sociated with her husband in his work. Beside his wife he-
leaves two children. Mrs. ]■'. R. Alger and Alvin E. Bliss,
both of Saginaw; two brothers, Charles A. Bliss, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, and 1 ins. I.. P.liss, of Conneaut, Ohio.

FRATERNAL AND OLD-LINE INSURANCE.

Rev. Dr. O. P. Gifford, of Buffalo, makes this suggesti i
of difference in what it means to lake a policy of insurance
in an old-line company, ami to join a fraternal beneficiary
society. He says:

"Old-line is simply and purely business. The child puts in
a cent and draws out a chocolate. He gives ami gets. On
the street car you pay a nickel and get a ride. You must
not spi ak to the motorman or cultivate the acquaintance of
the conductor.

"In old-line the doctor examines you and pockets his fee
and \ on may never meet again. You are a good risk, vend
in your check, get the receipt, never see the office or the offi-
cers again. The machine moves on. You die. The death i-
proved, the policy returned, the- check drawn. You paid
money: the family gets money. Put "the life is more than
meat, and the body more than raiment."

"You join a fraternal benefit society. You are examined
and pass, and pay your dues. You belong to a brol
You have social and literary gatherings. Von are brothers
one of another. Death comes, money is paid and sympathy
is giver). When other brothers died you \isitcd the families.
When you are gone other members visil your widow ami
your orphans. You paid in u npathy. Your family

recovers both money and sympathy.

"Life lubricated h\ sympathj wears longer and runs more
smoothly. A man is more than a good risk. Insurance
i means more than trading checks. There is danger
in reducing life to dollars.

"Old-line can be likened to a hotel You simply gel what
you pay for. Fraternal protection and affiliation i- like a
home. With less variety in the bill of fare you have more
humanity about the board Old-line is like an incul

1h.ii Fraternal insurance is like the bird il
hatches and broods. Even a chicken knows the difference be-
tween an incubator and a hen.

"Fifty cents with a friend is worth more than twi
without a friend i life is the human pan."

XVI

alir iBuainraa Jnurttal

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY. Tribune Building, New York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal
Tribune Building, New Vork.
ACCOUNTANTS.

I'.ennett, R. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).

Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Detroit, Mich.
Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters' Adding.
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square, New York.
Bliss Publishing Co., Saginaw, Mich.
Bobbs-Mernll Co.. Indianapolis, Ind.
Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.
Goodyear-Marshall Co.. Cedar Rapids, la.
Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
Packard. S. S. 853 Lexington Ave, New York.
Practical Text Book Co.. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
Rowe, H. M., & Co.. Baltimore. Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAPt..,^ & iT'cWKITER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T.. & Co., 11 Barclay St., New 1'ork.
COPYHOLDERS.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway. New York.
DUPLICATORS (STENCiL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman, I.. S- Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AMD BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon', Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A., 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, III.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., 95 John St., New York.
Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.
Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co.. Camden. N. J.
Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes. A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis. Mo.
Graham. A. J.. & Co., 1135 Broadwa>, New York.
Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.
Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
Packard. S. S., 853 Lexington Ave., New York.
Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Pitman, Isaac, & Son, 2 W. 45th St., New York.
Practical Text Hook Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland. Ohio.
Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., iNew Orleans, La.
Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Aristos or Janes' Shadeless Shorthand.
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway, New York.
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co.. 1123 Broadway, New York.
Lyons. J. A.. & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
Pitman. Isaac, & S ,n, 2 W. 45th St., New York.
Practical Text Book Company, Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St., New Orleans, La.
TYPEWRITERS.

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River, New York.
Monarch Typewriter Co., 3U0 Broadway, New York.
Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway. New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New . ork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (BILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Brnadway. New York.
Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, New York.
Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway. New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (DOUBLE CASE OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD).

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway, New Y'ork.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGEABLE CARRIAGES).

Smith-Premier Ty— writer Co., 319 Broadway, New Vork,
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE!.

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Papers.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE.).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.
Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.
Smith-Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway. New York.
Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.. New York.

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

Helen C. Skinner, for two years teacher of shorthand and
typewriting in the Stoneham, Mass., High School, is the
new teacher recently added to the commercial departmenl
of the Beverly, Mass., High School for the coming year.

Mrs. Esther Bailey, of Watertowni X. Y., will be a new
assistant commercial teacher in the Mamaroneck, N. V., High
School for 1912-13.

A M. Toler, who has had charge of the commercial work
of the Reading, Pa. College of Commerce, will be with the
Dnnsmore Business College, at Staunton, Va., next year.

Ray Minott, of the Capital Commercial School, Albany,
X. V., will have charge of the commercial department of
the Phoenixville, Pa., High School during the coming year.
Arthur J. Becker, of the Denver Y. M. C. A., has just ac-
cepted a position with the Chattanooga, Tenn., Public Schools
for next year.

G. C. Taylor, of Washington. D. C, is a new shorthand
teacher in the Albuquerque, N. Mex., Business College.

C. E. Merrick, of Oberlin, Ohio, will have charge of the
Merrill Business College, South Xorwalk, Conn., during
1912-13.

F. J. Blakeman, of the Elizabeth, N. J., Business College,

is to have charge of the new commercial department to be

opened in the Gloversville, XT. Y., High School in September

Ruth Gearhart, of Lincoln, X'eb , has just been chosen for

the commercial work in the Blair, Xeb., High School.

A. W. Cooper, who has had charge of the commercial de-
partment of the College of Commerce, Waterloo, during the
past year, has just bought an interest in that school.

Emma Kvindlog, recently secretary to the superintendent
of schools at Fergus Falls, Minn., has just been chosen for
the commercial work in the Fergus Falls High School.

H. E. Welbourne, of the West Allis. Wis.. High School
has ben added to the staff of the Washington High School
Milwaukee.

Glenn W. Slade is the new teacher in the Troy, N. Y.,
Business College. W. H. Waugh is the new solicitor for the
same school.

Harry F. Sieber is to have' charge of the commercial work
in the Day School of the Philadelphia Y. M. C. A. during
the coming year.

C. B. Potter, of St. Thomas College. St. Paul, Minn . has
been chosen as head of the commercial department of the
Yale Business College, New Haven.

Atlee L. Percy, head of the office practice work of the
Spencerian Commercial School, Cleveland1, is to be at the head
of the commercial work of Banks Business College, Phila-
delphia

The following young men have been chosen for the Omaha
Commercial High School:

N. C. Wood, Ottawa, 111; F. A. Miller, St. Paul Park,
Minn.; I. L. Brawford, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; H. C. Joy,
Jefferson, Iowa; L. E. Clifford, St. Joseph, Mo.; L. A.
Detring, Burlington, Iowa.

J. Walter Ross, of the University Preparatory School, Ton-
kawa, Okla., will have charge of the shorthand department
of the Rhode Island Commercial School, Providence, next
year.

A. M. Stonehouse, recently with the Drake Business Col-
lege, Newark, X. J., is in charge of the School Departmenl
of the Underwood Typewriter Company, Boston. U. <i
Moore, who preceded Mr. Stonehouse, lias a similar posi-
tion with the Underwood people in Seattle.

W. K. Crouthamcl. last year at the head of the business
department of the Worcester, Mass., Business Institute, is
to be at the head of the new commercial department of the
Concord, Mass., High School.

Lillian C. Blake, of Albany, X. Y . Business College, has
been elected as shorthand teacher in the Saratoga Springs.
N. Y.. High School.

C. D. Dumhauld, now at the head of the shorthand de-
partment of the Easton, Pa., Business College, is to have
charge of the commercial department of the Middletown, N.
Y., High School.

Swift instinct leaps, slow reason feeblv climbs.
Without rivals thou lovest alone thyself and thine.

"' I J-^vn $+■

♦ % % % r '

U^r Sustnpsa Journal

m/m/Tru m/m/nv- mym/rrL- m/m/riv- m/m/iru

JSEti 7innnri'7b7b7b'W7b7i7bnn,

/ Le/u-zz^cbzL/ / Lc^x^zPL^Lciy / Lt^u-c^cpLcPty / Ll^j-&u<<sL^i/ / Ll^j-izl^cIscpl/

'-sL^ri/ <7L/

(>c^iA^e^iLtA^iy.

■/nw^z^yi/ri^iyL/.

71.

LESSON THIRTY-NINK. copyright ioo»

The "M" exercise on the first line furnishes a review cf " M " and an excellent movement exerc.se. Use a bold arm movement. Mdc3 a com-

oound curve in passing from letter to letter. Make seventeen " N's" on each line. Make a full turn in the top. Uze care in making " ev" in "Nevada",
Aim to form every letter careful'/-

3^T i ^ % m % % % ^ % % % % % %

7^^^ %4C4UC TUtsf^P %^C4UC %4UC4^

TCc^is

N-CL^/-&L^L/ )€<^y[/--£l^LsL/ f^Z^sL/-&L^L/ M-^PLAM-C^t^U^

LESSON FORTY.

The last part of "H" is quite like the script character " & '
be a slight left curve. Make a point and not a loop at the base line
" H' s " as In the second line make a full curve between letters.

yn^n^ty

$SZjSU

CTKL/

(7uc^>o-%4sviyh

pen strike the paper a little highe
le slant of the loop which joins t

the first part of " H". It should
:> parts or the letter. In joining

We wish to compliment the following teachers very highly
for the splendid results they have attained, but hope they
will he not he content to rot on their laurels but will profit by
their experience this year, and next September will utilize
the same methods that have been so successful this year :

Hastings Hawkes, Brockton, Mass.. High School.
A. C. Holmquist. Minnesota College. Minneapolis.

S. E. Leslie. Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

S. H. Boese, Freeman College. Freeman, S. D.
W. L. Cochran. Coleman Business College, Newark, N. J.
E. W. Schlee, Xewark Business College Xewark. N. J.

G. C. Brink, Argentine High School. Kansas City, Kans.

M. B. McDowell. High School, Bradford. Pa.
J. R. Carroll, Douglas Business College McKeesport, Pa.
R. C Haynes. Bliss College, Lewiston, Me.

SELF-EXPRESSION.

You see an apple tree with a beautiful apple. That apple
is not great of itself. It is simply the expression of the work
done bj the humble roots, unseen beneath the soil. It ex-
presses the power, resistance to Winetr, of the thick trunk,
with its life-giving sap. It expresses the vitality in the
branches, the sheltering power of the leaves that take in the
forces of the sun and air.

The apple is nothing in itself — except the expression of the
whole apple tree.

And so what we are pleased to call "the great man,"
whether he be writer, artist, statesman, thinker, is simply
the expression of that great tree — th ehuman race — to which
he belongs. The human race is the tree, and the genius is
the fruit. He gets his strength from the roots of the tree,
the working, humble, unseen masses. He gets his strength-.

♦ • *

3Ilje SitsinpBfl Dmuttal

~3^{ < < < < < k ( k k ( ( cc < k k < a

iauu( taua( faco( /aaof iaaa( ^faa( /a{

fO^nJ^ fO^J^ fO^J^ fCl^nJ^ fCL^^J^ fO^nJ^

LESSON FORTT-ONE.

This s.mple form of " K" will be found convenient for business writing. There is I.ttto ,o learn about i, except the las, pan. NoftTZTut
looped around the straight lina near the top. The word » Kltnk" furnishes practice on both the capital "*» and small »*«. Aim ,o imitate the copy In

length of line and spacing.

U& <J0 U? Up Up Up Up UP

ooo

*y *y ay ay ay ay ay

Up Up Up Up Up Up Up

LESSON POHTT-TWO.

Notice how the bottom cf the first part of " X" \z a
■ quite like a large figure 6. Be sure to pin both parts a the ce

In making "Z", hi sure to l.-t the little point or hook rest

J^UtS

rled around to the left and that a dot is formed before lifting the pen. The last part is

from the body of the tree, the collection of strong, working,
resisting men.

The great man expresses only his race ; he gets his strength
from the race. He is great, not through individuality, but
through the power of expressing what the entire race feels.

And you will find in proof of this that the few really
great men scattered through history are those that have ex-
pressed most amirably the highest point reached by humanity
as a whole in their day. Such men are Homer, Aristotle,
Bacon, Michael Angelo, Foudier, Beethoven, Shakespeare—
the rest are pygmies beside these— and these are great be-
cause they gave expression to the highest development of
humanity in their day.— New Y<ork Evening Journal.

STILL ANOTHER LANGUAGE CONQUERED BY
MISS REMINGTON.

The achievements of the Remington in the conquest of new

tton of Siamese to the list of foreign language Remingtons.
This month it is our privilege to record the addition of one
of the Indian dialects, namely Gujarati.

This latest addition to the "Remington" languages, bring-
ing the total to 86, is, like the Siamese, not only interesting in
itself, but is also of considerable commercial importance.
Gujarati is the language spoken by ten or eleven millions of
inhabitants of the middle section of India, with Bombay as
the center. It is estimated that at least one-third of the in-
habitants of the city of Bombay, the commercial -metropolis
of India, speak this language and it is the commonly accepted
medium of commercial enterprise. This language is also the
common medium employed in commercial transactions by the
numerous Indian merchants who are scattered in various
places along the Eastern Coast of Africa, and in other parts
of the Far East, even as far as Hong Kong and Japan.

Gujarati is the seventh Indian vernacular Remington which
has been built, its predecessors being machines to write
Sanskrit, Hindi, Marawari, Magadhi, Marathi and Urdu.
The new Gujarati machine belongs to the Devanagari group,
to which all of the others also belong with the exception of

* % %

Ttejyy\ 5

. % % \ \'% ••*

aO^%<a6ttor

SHORTHAND'S LONG STORY.
Once regarded as little short of witchcraft or sorcery,
shorthand has now become so common and matter-of-fact an
element in our daily contact with business and mercantile
affairs that it is all but unnoticed and unnoted. To those who
see its almost universal use today and know little or nothing
of its origin and growth, and to those who associate it en-
tirely with its present utilitarian surroundings of the business
offices or the courtroom, it may be surprising to learn that,
unlike its present sister and dependent occupation of type-
writing, and those other important time-saving inventions,
the telephone, the telegraph and fast mail, it is not a child of
the century just passed, but dates back in its application to
the English language almost to the invention of printing
itself, while in its earlier use in Greek and Roman civilization
it antedates even the Christian era. But so it is, and by its
means have been preserved to us the matchless eloquence of
the Roman Tribune and Forum, alike with the brilliant ora-
tor)' of Burke and Pitt and Fox, and the masterpieces of
Webster and Clay and Phillips and Garrison.

While there is probability that unpublished systems of
"characterie," resembling the Roman stenographic "notes."
were used to some extent by the monkish litterateurs of the
early and middle periods of English history, the first known
published system was that of Timothe Bright, a worthy doctor
of "phisike" and divinity of the later Elizabethian period.
His little book appeared in 1588 and was entitled, "Char-
acterie an Art of shorte, swifte, and secrete writing by char-
acter." It was dedicated (by permission) to the virgin
queen, and was clearly a book of great labor and research.
It contained the germ, the idea, of swift writing, but beyond
that was practically useless, as its great complexity would
make its mastery the work of a lifetime, while it could
scarcely be used for any exact requirements, since each char-
acter stood for all words of the same meaning and applica-
tion.

Inspired doubtless by his example, the first real alphabetic
shorthand system soon made its appearance, in 1602, being the
work of John Willie, upon which nearly all the systems ap-
pearing during the next two hundred years were largely
based, either in the actual signs themselves or in the theory of
execution. Sixteen years later a namesake, but so far as I
can learn not a relative, Edmund Willie, produced a short-
hand system which immediately rivalled that of the elder
Willie in popularity. These systems went through a number
of additions and were quite widely used by clergymen and lit—
.erary men. especially during the periods of religious intol-
erance and persecution, when systems of secret writing were
practically a necessity.

The writer has an interesting notebook dating back to
1767, in which Jacob dishing of Hingham. Mass., recorded
in shorthand the sermons of the good old Orthodox parsons
of those days. The manuscript is the property of Mrs. W.
J. Nevvcomb, one of the descendants of Squire dishing, who
was in his day a man of importance in Hingham, being
magistrate undc-r the king, and selectman ami representative.

< Ifhcial stenographer Frank H. Burt of, the Superior Court
has an interesting old manuscript which once belonged to one
of his ancestors, Eben Hunt, Jr., being a sermon written in
shorthand some 150 years ago by Rev. John Hooker.

Notwithstanding the quite common use of shorthand in
this country before and during Revolutionary times, no text-
book or work on shorthand appeared here until 1789, the year
of Washington's first inauguration. Previous to this time
about 200 "systems" of shorthand had appeared in England,
and the American practitioners wrote either some one of
these systems or adopted or originated unpublished systems
of their own. One of the most interesting of these semi-
original systems is that of Captain Dow, above referred to,
and another is that of Nicholas King, the cartographer, whose
maps of early American cities and districts are still author-
ities in many respects, notably his fine map of Washington
city drawn in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Mrs.
Margaret Deland of this city is a collateral descendant, I
believe, of Mr. King.

In 1789 the first shorthand book published in this country
appeared in Philadelphia. It was merely a reprint of a pop-
ular English work, that of Thomas and Joseph Gurney, the
famous shorthand reporters of the British Parliament. It
is an interesting fact that in spite of the alleged great im-
provements in shorthand during the past sixty years, the
ancient system of Gurney is still used in reporting the British
Parliament, and the work has been done ever since the days
of the elder Gurney by members of his immediate family and
their descendants.

A number of shorthand works appeared during the next
twenty years, in Philadelphia, Albany and New York, but a5
they are outside the scope of this article I will only say that
with one exception (the system of Thomas Lloyd, the first
reporter of Congress), they were all reprints of English
systems.

Most of the editors and proprietors of Boston dailies have
risen to success up the ladder of shorthand. Mr. Stephen
O'Meara of the Journal, Mr. Ayres of the Advertiser and
Mr. Grozier of the Post were shorthand writers and good
ones; while General Taylor of the Globe, and Secretary of
State Olin have been not only writers, but teachers of the art.

Some of our prominent lawyers have been shorthand writ-
ers, either professional or amateur, among them Thomas F.
Major, Wells H. Johnson and Samuel J. Elder. Many of
the judges, past and present, have written shorthand for their
own pleasure or convenience, and Judges Bond of the Su-
perior Court and Knowlton of the Supreme Court are said to
be notably expert writers.

At the present time shorthand is so widely used and so
well known by its results, even to the uninitiated, that it has
not been felt necessary or advisable to touch upon its prac-
tice today. The object has been rather to dwell briefly upon
its past, with the hope of interesting those who may be in
possession of facts or material, to arrange for their preser-
vation.

The Late Charles Currier Beale.

uJh* UuBitifaa Journal

NATIONAL SHORTHAND REPORTERS' ASSO-
CIATION.
IEPARATIONS for the annual convention to
be held in New York City the week of Au-
gust 26th, are already under way. The exec-
utive committee of the New York State Sten-
ographers' Association has taken charge of the
preliminary work, and a meeting was held in New York
City on May 11th, at which many of the details were ar-
ranged. It is likely that in the next issue the exact place
of meeting, headquarters, hotel rates, etc., can be announced
President Roberts started several weeks ago to make up
the program for the meeting, and when completed this will
be announced in the Department.

From the location of the convention, it is certain that
the attendance will be larger than at any of the conventions
in recent years, and such new features as the exhibit of
the Committee on Demonstration will tend to bring out
every progressive member who can possibly attend.

As announced in a former issue there is this year a
Committee on Entertainment, headed by the vice-president,
Mrs. Elizabeth C. Rogers, of Lexington, Ky., which com-
mittee will co-operate with the local committee in providing
entertainment for the wives and friends of the reporters
attending the convention who do not care to be present at
all of the business sessions Local associations will pro-
vide the usual entertainment for the members during the
evenings and at such times as the program will permit.

For the benefit of members living west of Chicago, there
is always a summer tourist rate in effect to the east which
will materially lessen the cost of attendance, in fact making
it possible to attend a convention held in New York City
almost as cheaply as though it were held in the middle sec-
tion of the country.

Only one more issue of the official organ and the various
magazines printing the Association matter remain before
the convention, and copy for the August issue— the last be-
fore the convention— must be in the hands of the editor by
approximately the 7th of July. Members desiring any spe-
cial feature on the program are urged to communicate with
the President at once so that the full program can be an-
nounced at as early a date as possible.

bers of the asociation before July 1. Some of thes» pledges,
have been carried out. The time is short in which to ful-
fill the others. But only a few days are required in which
to secure such memberships. A personal request or a let-
ter enclosing a blank is all that is required to turn the trick.
President Roberts is getting out a letter to the members
of the committee, in an effort to stimulate activity and
bring in the number of new memberships pledged. It is,
of course, up-hill business to build up an association if the
present membership keeps slipping away by members drop-
ping out or failing to keep up the annual dues. Bills for
dues were sent out by the Secretary shortly after the first
of the year, and all members who did not respond at that
time should do so as soon as possible, to the end that the
campaign for new members will be as effective as possible by
having the old membership up to the highest point.

All of the members of the Committee on Demonstration
have sent out circular letters to the reporters in their re-
spective territory, to non-members as well as to members;
and the replies are beginning to come in.

It will require much labor on the part of the committee
to classify and tabulate the information contained in these
replies; and every reporter receiving such a request is asked
to comply with the same at the earliest possible date.

Approximately 1,000 letters have been sent out by this
committee, and while of course not all will respond, replies
should be received from at least fifty per cent., which would
provide a fund of information showing very nearly the
true situation in the profession over the whole country;
and the report of the committee ought to be very instruc-
tor and entertaining as well.

This however, is only one feature of the work of the
committee Another is the exhibit of machines and ap-
pliances used by reporters in their work, an exhibit to be
,,,;nl- li, the <>mce appliance people— a regular business show
in connection with the annual convention, which will rival
the speed contests in interest.

One problem always before any organization is the secur-
ing of new members, and the continuance of all present
members, with dues paid promptly. At the beginning of
the year the president appointed a large membership corn-
mitt) . exacting pledges so far as possible, that each mem-
ber of the committee would secure at least two new mem-

The present constitution of the Association was adopted
two years ago at Denver. Although the result of pains-
taking work on the part of the committee having the re-
vision in charge, some amendments and changes were made
on the floor of the convention, and time has revealed condi-
tions which are not fully covered by the present consti-
tution. Therefore some suggestions have been made rela-
tive to changes at the New York meeting, and when these
are filed with the secretary they will be published in this
department for the consideration of the members before
the meeting. The constitution provides that notice of all
proposed changes shall be filed with the secretary thirty
days before the annual convention, and that such amend-
ments shall take effect upon their adoption by a two-thirds
vote of the members present at the convention.

Who said there was no romance in shorthand? The New
York Sun recently printed a story under these headings:
"Romantic Stories of Lady Secretaries.— The Heart Throbs
that Go with Shorthand.— Sometimes— Told at a Lecture.
Tea was Passed Also.' Then followed a half column be-
ginning with, "Being a lady secretary has its vital compensa-
tion and a knowledge of shorthand is quite likely to lead
you for the first time to the altar, reunite you with the
husband you have left because you believed the stories some-
body told you about him. or bring you a proposal from your
father-in-law. These words of kindly cheer were handed out
yesterday to thirty or forty eager women who sat for half

an hour at the feet of ," etc., etc.

Then a few words about the director of this school, a
system invented by the author, "he said yesterday, at the
earnest request of the late King Edward who tried to learn
the Pitman code when he was Prince" of \Vales and found
it difficult."

And so on through the article, with incidents recited of
an earl's daughter learning shorthand, a "shorthand shark
meeting her future employer and sinking with a soughing
sigh into his arms.' and "a lady dressed as a widow who must
learn shorthand in a month because her prospective em-
ployer wanted her right off, and who went happily off with
her shorthand knowledge before the allotted time.'
And more and more, a la Laura Jean Libbey.
The clipping has been turned over to Mr. Hipper of
the Committee on Frauds in Shorthand, who may be in-
terested in learning more about the school where stenographers
are turned out in a month, and where such alluring pros-
pects for lady secretaries are held out.

The correspondent sending in the article writes that his
particular state has been particularly cursed with that class
of women who write shorthand for a living, with the idea
that it is but the stepping stone to securing a husband, and
who. of course, do the most to keep the standard in short-
hand writing down.

„Lfe/yyi o

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]mtjn0(r csjuxsngj i\\<j)

Legible.

That Word Describes the First

Virtue in a System cf

Shorthand.

Shorthand notes that cannot be read
have not rially been wiiiten. They
are only an attempt at writing.

Shorthand notes that can be read only
\vi;h hesitation and with "puzzling-
out " are a nuisnnce to the writerand
t j his employer.

Benn Pitman Phonography

LEADS THE SHORTHAND WORLD IN

Legibility.

rublisht by
The Phonographic Isstiti'te Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Benn Pitman, Founder.
Jerome U. Howard, President.

20 Reasons why you should purchase

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13. Simplicity of Construction. 14. Greatest Durability.
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ment. 20. Beauty of Finish. Write for Catalog

The Hammond Typewriter Co.

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Hand-Book $2.10 Amanuensis Phonography $1.25

For any writer of the standard shorthand e, a, ah,
Vowel scheme, the "Correspondent's List" tills a
long felt want for a convenient alphabetical list of
of the most important word-signs. It tits at once
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FOR BEGINNERS, ON
THE THEORY PLAN

This book condenses the time devoted t<> first
principles, thus enabling the student to do more
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It approaches the account from it- arithmetical
side, thus greatly simplifying the problem for the
student at the start.

Give your students mure bookkeeping in the
course than they have even had before. .Modern
Accountant, Revised will enable you to do this
without lengthening the lime required.

We couldn't begin t.> tell you all the advan-
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Write for further information.

LYONS & CARNAHAN

CHICAGO

NEW YORK

aljf iSuHinrsa Jauntal

BINDERS FOR THE BUSINESS JOURNAL.
$1.00 each, Postpaid.

In response to requests for a low-priced serviceable binder
to hold an entire volume of the Business Journal, arrange-
ments have been made whereby' these can be furnished our
subscribers upon receipt of price either in postage stamps or
money order.

Each binder is strong and durable — heavy cardboard covers,
wood back, and cover with high grade reddish cloth, with
the words "The Business Journal' in gold letters on the back,
which gives it the appearance of a regular bound volume.
The method of inserting copies is simple, requiring only the
cutting of two small slits alongside the staples. Perforated
strips of metal inserted in these holes are strung on rods at-
tached to the binder — see cut — and hold the copies in place.
The metal strips are unnoticeable, and the copies open like a
book with al inside margins visible.

Send all orders to the Business Journal Office, Tribune
Building, New York City.

HOW TO LEARN ADVERTISING.

By Beet M. Moses.

President Association of American Advertising.

If I were a young man with an intense yearning to be-
come a great advertiser I would start in and secui* a Job in
a country printing office.

A weekly newspaper, where the type is all set by hand, is
an ideal place to get the first principles of advertising, be-
cause here is where human nature may be learned as it can
be learned nowhere else.

The country newspaper is so close to the plain people that
it faithfully reflects their thoughts, desires, ambitions, and
emotions.

The common people make up the masses, and successful ad-
vertising is always based upon what the smart folks call
psychology, tout which ordinary people call human nature.

In a country newspaper office a practical insight into type
faces, values, and display can be had bv actually picking up
and arranging the types themselves.

No college or correspondence course can ever teach a man
how to do a thing out of books so well as he can teach
himself by doing it with his own hands.

In the small town the merchants are glad to have some one
write their advertisements for them, and this is a fine oppor-
tunity for our young man who yearns to be an advertiser.

By writing the advertisement, setting the type, and watch-
ins the returns, he goes to the heart of the thing in a prac-
tical way.

PINK WRAPPER

Did yonr Journal come In a

10, It is to signify that yonr si

should send as immediately

the News Edition, if you do

PINK WRAPPER this m.otb-
ibscriptlon has expired, and that
75 cents for renewal, or SI .M If
not wish to miss a single copy.

This special wrapper (as w
each month) is an addition
seribers have asked to be
wo feel that any expense i

>11 as publishing* the date of expiration
il cost to ns; bnt so many of oar iq»-
kept Informed concerning- expiration,
justified.

Ideals are the World's Masters.

When conditions make it impossible for us
sin mlil endeavor to idealize the real.

The Practical Text Book Company has em
ity with the soundest principles of pedagogics, we
modern practice are in exact harmony with theor
arc not ideally perfect, we must take the facts as w
plan ill action give-- us a scientific working basis f
theoretical standpoint, and at the same time true
of practice.

Every teacher knows that theory and prac
teacher invent- some way to idealize the real, an
ter comprehensible. (>ur books are the very best
difficulties, and straightened the crooked paths b
be realized.

It is because practice varies even though p
eration is the folly of the next." It you are usin
as matter, you may realize your mistake when it i
will be immediately struck with their clearness an
and aptness of illustration. Catalogue free. i We ]

-Holland.

to realize the ideal in practical business life, we

In idicd this thought in all its works. Tn conform-
have realized the ideal just so far as the facts of
etical perfection. Where modern business methods
e find them, and endeavor to idealize the real. This
Or rendering all of our books "teachable" from a
to the facts of business life from the standpoint

tice often conflict. The pupil stumbles until the
d thus remove the difficulty — that is. make the mat-
help to teachers because we have anticipated these
y idealizing the real wherever the ideal could not

rinciples are eternal, that "The wisdom of one gen-

g 1 ks that arc tint up to date in method as well

- tun late. Examine some of our 1 ks and you

d simplicity; also, their directness of presentation,
lay the freight. )

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid & 18th Street,

Cleveland, Ohio

Xwjvm o

U>I)f luainras Journal

Do you honestly think you are making
good? If you are not, make it a point
to get out of the rut — keep up with the
procession. Don't think because your
employer is not handing you bouquets
continuously that he is not interested
in you.

Keep abreast with everything pertain-
ing to your particular business, for only
by making your employer s interest
yours can you possibly make a position
for yourself that will command both
salary and business respect.

Think it over and ask yourself the
question, "Am 1 making good in even-
sense of the word .'"

Why I Failed to Get the Job.

I heard of the vacancy but waited un-
til next day to apply.

I applied without expecting to get the
place and my manner showed it.

I found fault with my previous em-
ployer.

I had no confidence in myself and
consequently my prospective employer
had no confidence in me.

I called at the office without giving
any attention to my personal appear-
ance.

My shoes were unpolished and my fin-
ger nails were in mourning.

I took a library hook with me to read
while I was waiting.

I was chewing gum while in the em-
ployer's presence.

I asked how much the salary would he
and complained that it was too small.

I asked what the hours were and if
I could get off an occasional afternoon.

I did not hesitate to use slang in my
conversation.

I told all about my family and what
my grandfather had done.

That shorthand has been elevated to
the high plane to which it belongs i-*
evidenced by the fact that Columbia
University of the City of New York has
added, as a permanent feature, a sec-
retarial course to its Extension Teaching
curriculum. During the past year, the
classes have been exceptionally success-
ful and the demand for high class sec-
retaries that was heretofore impossible
to fill, gives promise of now being met.
While these classes are primarily intend-
ed to prepare for secretarial duties, the
instruction i-. conducted along such
sound pedagogical and scientific lines
that no [ess than twenty-seven out of a
class of twenty-eight students last year
are now employed as instructors in
stenograph) in the day and evening
schools of New York. Only those who
have graduated from high schools or a
university are eligible, the former being
accepted should vacancies occur. New
with more than double the reg-
istration of last \ear arc now being it-
under the direction of Frederii k
R. Beygrau. who has had charge of the
work at the University since 1908

course in Isaac Pitman stenography and
typewriting will be offend in the Sum-
mer Session of Columbia University.

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What the Boss Found Out.

Late one Saturday afternoon, through
an error, says an article in the Febru-
ary number of the Telephone Review,
written by Cromwell Childe, a telephone
message never meant for him personally
got on the private wire of a big offi-
cial of a certain company. The big
man was staying down town, making up
arrears of work. His immediate staff
had gone. The message was vitrolic.
Whoever was at the other end was
wholly exasperated by a fancied or ac-
tual wrong.

The important official had taken up
the telephone, mechanically. Anyone
watching his face would have seen that,
within a moment, he had recognized an
emergency and was intending to deal
with it.

It happened the man who is writing
this, a social friend, was sitting a few
feet away. For the next few moments,
not meaning to listen but unable to help
hearing, he was held spell-bound by
the masterful way the man at the tele-
phone handled the situation. With dig-
nity, but at the same time with the
finesse, skill and cajoling words of a
successful salesman, he took, at the very
first, the ground that the man at the
other end of the wire was very possibly
right, that it was very possible the com-
pany's representatives were wrong, he
conceded there had been such case-.
Would they — of, of course, and it was
very kind of Mr. — to — , very kind.

Of a sudden, so cleverly that it could
scarcely be seen when it began, his talk
changed. Xow he was pleading the
cause of the company. He was. in ef-
fect, an assistant reporting, the man
he could not see and did not know was
his superior passing the evidence in
review. In a dozen sentences more it
was all over. A pleasant final word
that it was certain was responded to
equally pleasantly, and the big man hung
up his receiver.

"He was going to sue." the big man
said to nie. "lie was intending to di-
rect his lawver to begin on Monday.
Now not only has he given all that up.
but he says we were perfectlv right.
In our place, he says, he would have
done exactlv the same thing.

"I am glad I answered that call."
he went on. "A man who would have
been an enemv is now turned into a
friend. What that means to a business.
any business, we older men at the head
know. It is the one thing that is tno^t
difficult for our vounger, enthusiastic
men to understand.

Choice Gems From Longfellow.

IK- is the greatest artist, then.

Whether of pencil or of pen,

Who follows Nature. Xeur man,

As artist or as artisan,

Pursuing his own fantasies

('.in touch the human heart, or please.

PENS

Semi to-day eight two-cent stamps for a set
of 36 assorted pens just suited for Business
Writing. Address.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL,

What is the cash value of a man?
Dr. E. R. Erastus E. Holt, of Portland,
Me, has reduced it to the following
scientific basis :

Bov of 10 vears $ 2.601.62

i IS years 4.263.66

Man of 25 years 5,488.03

Man of TO years 17.13

Man of 80 years (minus) . . 872.84

Professional man at 25 25.898.94

• >■#■•

"24

QHjp Uusmrsa Journal

A recent photograph of the Bowling Green Business University, Bowling Green, Ky.

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolution! for Framing or Album Form
E. H. McGHEE box 561 TRENTON. N. J.

The Home of Geo. J. Gould, of New York City.

Nova Scotia Notes.
(From Consul General James W. Rags-
dale, Halifax, May 2.)

The coal output for the first three
months of the year increased 150,000
tons, about equally divided between
Glace Baj and Sydnej mines districts.
If markets hold good, the increase for
the year over l'.Hl will amount to 500,-
000 tons.

Labor prospects in all lines bright ;
besides the promised building briskness
unskilled laibor should be in fair de-
mand, in consequence of the contem-
plated expenditure of some $100,000 by
the corporation of Halifax for water-
i x,tensii >n and ii

Apple shipments from Halifax for
the 1911-12 season eclipse all previous
records, the total by all steamship com-
panies being 1,243,443 barrels, against
240,700 barrels fur L910-U and about
800,000 barrels for 1909-10. Shipments
for the past season to various ports

were London, 659,969; Liver] 1, 242,-

7-,_. ; Glasgow, 147,863; Hamburg, n*.-
li.".; Bristol, 28,933 ; Manchester, 21,-
090; Newfoundland, lT.uiv : Wesl In
■ lie-. s,s;;i ; South Africa, 3,125; and
Habana, 77.1 barrels. In addition there
were shipped from Annapolis 17,547,
from Yarmouth 5,250, western ship-
ments 176,150, and to local markets 150,-
noo barrels, making a grand total from

Good Advice.

Advice is no vice;

This advice is for you,
It is nice to be nice;

It is true to be true.
One is glad to be glad,

And one should when one should.
It is mad to be mad;

It is good to be good ;
But the saddest of all the sad things

that are sad
Is the very bad thing that it's bad to

be bad.

It is best to be best ;

It is worst to be worst.
It is rest to take rest ;

It's first rate to be first.
It is right to be right;

It is sure to be sure.
It is bright to be bright;

It is poor to be poor;
But the saddest of all the sad things

that are sad
Is the very bad thing that it's bad to be

bad.

It is wrong to be wrong;

It is low to be low.
It is strong to be strong;

It is slow to be slow.
It is rude to be rude ;
It is vain to be vain.
It is crude to be crude ;
It is sane to be sane ;
But the saddest of all the sad things

that are sad
Is the very bad thing that it's bad to
be bad.

—Tom Hall.

There is conclusive evidence to show
that in one unbroken nocturnal Might
the European bird known as the north-
ern bluethroat passes from Central Afri-
ca to the German sea, a distance of 1,-
600 miles, making the journey in nine
hours. From its winter home in Af-
rica observers have determined that
it starts after sunset, arriving at its far
northern summer haunts before dawn
on the next morning.

Trolley or Trailer?

Dili you ever see an automobile go
gliding down the street or along the
road, pulling after it another machine
perhaps larger than itself but which
had failed to "go." just when "go" was
most needed? And it is just that way
with men. too. Sometimes a big man,
having all the appearance of strength
and ability to act. breaks down Utterly
when the strain conies and some other
man. with no greater natural ability but
with a bull dug grip, must be called in.
not only to do bis work, but drag him
along with it. Rut the world hasn't
much praise for the man who has to
In- towed along at the end of a cable.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed for 50c.

Send 2c. for circular
267 EGE AVENUE

Z/e^n o

chr iBusinras Journal

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THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
•tick ink— the kind that is pitchy black on
•hades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea,
and is far superior to Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz had a limited stock of this ink
hand at the time of his death, and this t
been placed in our hands for sale.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribune Bldg , New York City

GEORGE W. ELLIS, Artist Engrosser

Resoluti.

Engrossed and HHin
868 Market St., San Fi

Kansas City, Me

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.
Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, Niw York City.

RASMUSSEX
Practical Business School

St. Paul, Minn.
Walter Rasmussen. Proprietor.

, AMES & ROLUNSON COMr^NY

.Hill.) fit

■ BEST Q11AUTYATM0BHATE OST-rulU «« I

uii lui in

203 Broadw/v New YORK-.,

BUSINESS WRITING.
Is a very imoortant element in a
commercial training and in seeking em-
ployment the young men and women

possessing a good business handwriting
always receive the preference, provided
they 'are the equals of their competitors
in other respects. That we are offering
a higher grade of instruction in plain
everyday, common sense writing is be-
yond question, and our graduates attest
"the fact by their superior handwriting.
There is invariably a great improvement
in the writing of every student in the
school, and in some cases the advance-
ment is really phenomenal.

The rulers of Europe are paid as fol-
lows: Czar of Russia, $12,000,000; sul-
tan of Turkey, $7,450,000; emperor of
Germany, $:i,800,UOO; emperor of Aus-
tria and king of Hungary, $3,700,000;
king of Italy, $3,210,000; king of Great
Britain, $2,600,000; king of Bavaria, $1,-
400,000; king of Spain, $1,400,000; king
of the Belgians. $700,000; king of Sax-
ony, $745,000; king of Sweden and Nor-
way $570,000; king of Portugal, $525,-
000;' king of Wurtemberg, $400,000 ; king
of Greece, $260,000; queen of Holland,
$240,000; king of Servia, $240,000; king
of Roumania, $237,000.

Charmed by the Price.

The price tag fools the best of us;

Cigars that for a nickel go
We pass with scorn but smoke with joy

If they are in the ten-cent row.
A straw hat marked at fifty cents

Would hardly seem to be a fit;
The same one priced three ninety-eight

We see and make a dive for it.

We see a picture on the wall

That to our eye appears to be
A ten-cent chromo, or perhaps

A work of art that came with tea.
But when the owner conies and says

He paid a thousand for that bit
And thinks he got it cheap at that,

Then we sit up and notice it.

We see a rooster strutting round

With pride that seems almost absurd.
He has some feathers and a tail

And seems like any other bird;
He looks to be a common scrub

Until we get his pedigree
And find he captures every prize,

And then his beauty we can see.

That is the way with everything.

From marbles to a cake of ice,
We may be experts in the line.

But still we judge it by the price.
Were it a diamond in the rough

And worth a fortune any time.
We wouldn't give it storage room

If it were listed at a dime.

— Nashville A merican.

Keep your word and your word will
keep you.

It is better to make a few mistakes
than to do nothing at all.

When it is as broad as it's long it
must be the square thing.

After an exchange of hot words a
coolness is sure to set in.

The spark of love is usually kindled
before there is a match.

The Art of Business School
Soliciting

U\ Wm, G. Haupt.

Present! the experience and theories of a
trained observe! of selling business education,
and embodies the results of twenty years'
studj "i Hi- problems which confront those
, onnected « ith I ommercial Schools.

Whethei yon are a business school pro-
prietor, principal, teacher or solicitor, you will

find this 1 C full of sane and stimulating

suggestions overflowing with truths of the
mosl practical kind. You owe it to yourself
to send foi a copy, li is nol a catch-penny
affair, or a long drawn out mail order scheme,
but is complete in every detail in one volume.
It has been written for your benefit by an
expert of many years' experience. It is the
onlv publication of tile kind in existence.
' The author is employed by one of the largest
commercial schools in America, one enjoying
a national reputation. He has analyzed the

uc him f his professoin with the precision

that is born of knowledge, and which cannot
fail to be helpful to anyone. Former price
tS.00. Price now $1.00.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL,
Tribune Building, New York City.

-/J. S,

CARDS

ich order. AGENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS

i iis

e very best blank

v on tlir market.

lorn, Sample 10*

Card Circular lor

red i

loads. Many new.
100 poitpaid. 2Sc. Less for more. Ink. Glossy Black or
Very Best White. 15c. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c Gillott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per doz. Lessons in Card
Writine. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE, Box 176. FAIR HAVEN. PA.

'iteluztfi/

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For OVER FIFTY YEARS have
maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Silvered Steel Pens

Nos. 39 and 40 New Patterns
Samples on Application

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New Y«rk.

SOMETHING NEW— A course in business
writing that is establishing a new standard
and a new style in business penmanship; sim-
ple, logical and scientific. Copies are verit-
able pictures of a rhythmic motion. Easy to
learn and stays learned. Especially adapted
for use in business colleges and high schools.
Send 35c for a sample copy. Address C. S.
Rogers. Principal V. M. C. A. Accountancy
School, San Francisco, Calif.

Contentment is merely the ability to
forget for a while the tilings that are
beyond our reach.

(Lljr SitButfss Journal

Books for Business People

The Business Journal Tribune Building, New York,
will send any of the books mentioned in this column upon re-
ceipt of price.

The History of the Typewriter, by Mares. Cloth. Calendered paper.
S14 pp. Cuts and illustrations. 221 different Typewriting machines
fully described and illustrated. $2.00. Per dozen $18.00. Postpaid.

The Expert Stenographer, by W. B. Bottome. Cloth. 230 pp. 64
■p. of Shorthand. Every phase of Expert Shorthand discussed. $2.00.
Postpaid. In quantities, special rates.

Influencing Men in Business, by Walter Dill Scott. Cloth. 168 pp.
Illustrated. For personal or class room instruction. $1.00 postpaid.

The Science of Accounts, by H. C. Bentley, C. P. A. Buckram.
S60 pp. A Standard work on Modern Accounting. $3.00 postpaid.

Corporate Organisation, by Thomas Conyngton, of the New York
Bar. All about incorporating and corporations. Buckram. 402 pp.
$3.00 postpaid.

The Every-Day Educator, or How to do Business. A most remark-
able book for young Business men. Cloth. 238 pages. Postpaid 75
cents.

Day Wages Tables, by the hour or day, on eight, nine or ten hours a
day. A ready reckoner of value. Cloth. 44 pages. Heavy paper.
Postpaid $1.00.

Cushing's Manual. The standard book on Parliamentary Law.
Should be in the hands of every man or woman. 226 pages. Postpaid.
Paper 25 cents. Cloth 50 cents.

The Science of Commercial Bookkeeping. A practical work on single
and double entry bookkeeping. With all forms and tables. Cloth. 138
pp. Postpaid $1.75.

Gaskells Complete Compendium of Elegant Writing. By that Master
of Penmanship, G. A. Gaskell. Writing for the masses and pen-artists.
Postpaid 65 cents.

Ropp's New Commercial Calculator, and Short-Cut Arithmetic. Nearly
1,500.000 sold. Tables. Short Cuts, up-to-date Methods. 70 points in
Commercial Law. Arithmetic simplified. 160 pages. Office edition,
6fty 2-ct. stamps; Pocket edition, twenty-five 2-ct. stamps.

Financing an Enterprise, by Francis Cooper. Buckram. 543 pages.
Two vols. How to finance and promote new or old businesses. Has
helped hundreds. $4.00 postpaid.

Corporate Management, by Thomas Conyngton. Buckram. 42J
pages. The Standard work on corporation law for corporation offi-
cials. Over 200 model legal forms. $3.50 postpaid.

The Modern Corporation, by Thomas Conyngton. Cloth. 310 pages.
Gives a clear, concise general understanding of legal matters involved
in modern corporation management. $2.00 postpaid.

Dicksee s Auditing, by R. H. Montgomery. C. P. A. Cloth. 686
pages. The acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with au-
diting. $5.00 postpaid.

A Legal Manual for Real Estate Brokers, by F. L. Gross. Buckram.
473 pages. Gives authoritative answers to all questions regarding the
transactions of real estate brokers. $4.00 postpaid.

Flickinger's Practical Alphabets contains all the different alphabets,
together with specimens of fancy letters. Cloth binding, 50c. Slip
form 16c.

The Book of Flourishes. The gem of its kind; 142 specimens, all
different. Postpaid $2.00.

The Penman's Dictionary. Over 3,000 words, suitably arranged
for instant reference. Postpaid 16c.

Engrossing contains masterpieces of the world's most famous
engrossers. More examples of magnificent engrossing than in all
other books combined. Superb new volume, 9 x 12. Kegular price
$1.00. Sent postpaid 50c.

Heart to Heart Talks With the Office Assistant. A very prac-
tical book on Business Success. Postpaid 10c.

Business Writing Made Easy. Contains 27 plates of the fine
points of business writing. Postpaid 20c.

Forgery, by D. T. Ames. Its detection and illustration; 300-page
book, the standard text of its kind. The authority recognized by all
the Courts. Hound in law sheep. Postpaid $2.50.

Forty Centuries of Ink for the Handwriting Expert. By Car-
valho. Postpaid $3.50.

Questioned Documents, by Albert S. Osborn. 625 pages, 200 illus-
trations. Treating exhaustively the various important questions that
arise regarding documents, including handwriting, typewriting, ink,
erasures, etc. Of special value to teachers of penmanship and penmen
who are called upon to investigate such questions. Price $5.25.

Bibliotics or the Study of Documents, by Persifor Frazer. Price,
$2.50.

Hanan's Book on Disputed Handwriting. Price. JS.76.

. Method of Detecting Forger} and Raised Checks. Price,
$1.50.

OPPORTUNITY.
Master of human destinies am I,

Fame, love and fortune on my footsteps wait,

Cities and fields I walk, I penetrate
Deserts and seas remote, and passing by

Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late

I knock unbidden once at every gate :
If sleeping, wake: if feasting, rise before

I turn away. It is the hour af fate

And those who follow me reach every state
Mortals desire, and conquer every foe

Save death; but those who doubt or hesitate.
Condemned to failure, penury and woe,

Seek me in vain, and uselessly implore — ■

I answer not, and I teturn no more.

A visitor at this office, noticing the above poem i really
one of the best i:i the language), hanging framed upon the
wall, said : "That sentiment is utterly false. Opportunity
lies about us all the time. One needs but the eyes to see
it and the hands to grasp it." And the speaker was right.
Few men truthfully say that opportunity came to them but
once. Many of the most successful men could say with
greater truthfulness that it never came to them at all. Few
who sit down and wait for its coming will ever meet it
face to face. In isolated cases it may pause to knock but
it is most frequently found by those who go out and search
for it. Can you say that opportunity came and sought the
man who, after devoting half a lifetime to scientific ex-
periments, discovered something which made him famous
throughout two hemispheres? No, he has earned his re-
ward and receives it. Without these years of effort he
would never have caught so much as a glimpse of oppor-
tunity. It would have passed him by. And the man who
devotes himself assiduously to his business, receiving pro-
motion after promotion, until at last he controls great in-
dustries— has he achieved all this because, at the critical mo-
ment, he heard the knock of opportunity and opened wide
the door? No, it stood at his door day after day, just as
it stands to-day at the door of every young man and woman
in the country. This one opportunity he always had with
him. to be faithful to his trust, to do his duty conscientious-
ly, to learn the Imsines and make himself invaluable to his
employers. He may have neglected opportunities in other
directions while he devoted himself to this one. There
were beckoning hands on every side, other interests to dis-
tract his attention from the duties closest to him. but he
heeded them not. He kept steadily on his way and his ef-
forts were crowned with success.

The visitor was not mistaken. There never was a time
whtn opportunity was so plentiful. It might almost be said
that it is too plentiful for many young men. They see so
much of it all about them that they neglect to apply them-
selves to any one thing. They dissipate their energies over
too large an area. Too many men attempt to grasp more
than they can hold and lose all. And the young man who
sees behind him an opportunity that he has missed need'
not despair. There is another before him waiting to be
grasped. Young man, if you are prepared for it seize the
opportunity to-day for every hour you wait shortens by that
amount the time remaining for achievement. But if you
are not prepared to-. lay then let the opportunity pass and
fit yourself for it to-morrow, knowing that when you are-
prepared it will be found ready for you.

CHANCE OF ADDRESS — Sub-crlbem ui-hlnc to have their
mafaalnm >rnl to a new idrirraa ahniild notify u« promptly, rW-
Ins the old addre.n and • perifvln*- the edition, whether Newi ar
Regular. Notice, rnnil lie received one full month In advance, that
all rai.ie. mar ha received. Do not bother the rlnhher ar Inriar
•rbo lent In yonr .ph.crlptloa. hut write to thl. attire direct.

9t Jk^Yi 5^

She Suatnpsa Journal

Business Writing by a Student of Frank Krupp, Austin, Minn.

This Book Contains

the choicest collection of
Alphabets and Borders ever
published for the price.
Every Penman, F.ngrosser
and Engraver should have a
copy. Price 75c. postpaid.

Address C. A. FAUST,
1024 North Robey St.,

Chicago, 111.

FAUST'S SPECIAL RULED PRACTICE PAPER

Our leading penmen, Mills, Healey, Darner, and scores of others are using the
Faust plan of ruled practice paper. The special ruling has many advantages, it costs
no more, perhaps less than the kind you are using and gets quicker and superior re-
sults. Give it a trial. Sample and circulars sent upon request.

Address C. A. FAUST, 1024 N. Robey St., Chicago, 111.

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BENNETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C. P. A.

Sod (or n catalog™ of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

_. for pe
that special purpose,
•elected rosewood or ebony, and cannot be
BRAND. If your dealer cannot supply you.
12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c

li,.v

ting to ha
hand-turned a
utomatic lath
esigner and t
8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

hold
le by

i holder adapted to
adjusted, made of
LOOK FOR THE

Microscopic Animals of the Sea.

The seashore offers no more curious
and rewarding study than an examina-
tion of these minute life-atoms. Gather
a fragment from a timber in sheltered
estuarj waters. Place it beneath the
microscope, and focus upon one of the
infinitesimal yellow cases almost cer-
tainly to be found there in the midsum-
mer season. The amber-colored struc-
ture, barred and strengthened along the
ridges that divide its irregularis facet-
ed sides, is full of living bodies that
move to and fro within its narrow con-
fines. Now mie of the curious animals,
after struggling through the central
opening above, lies throbbing and palpi-
tating upon the rim. Examine it close-
ly. A transparent curved shell ever.-,
the body, excepl above where two fring-
ed veils or plates project and Hare wide.
Between them opens the large mouth;
above it. the two black eyes, or sense-
spots, are situated. The vibrating hairs,
which fringe the plates, have never
ceased their motion; but now they shiv-
er and more vehemently beat the water;
until, clothed in brilliant iridesence as
over the tran-parent volute shell and
the sunlight braeks in shimmering waves
over the quivering, throbbing wings.
the creature slowly mounts in the wa-
ter. Successive waves of motion cir-
cling.} sweep the flashing cilia that rim
the borders of the two semi-circular
wing- until they shimmer and glitter
like silver spokes of rimless wheels con-
tinually turning to buoyantly poise the
curious creature midway in the water,
like a bird or a moth it pulses and poises
and oscillates to and fro: then spreads
wider still its beating vehement wing-,
mounts higher and higher and still
higher through the liquid spaces, until
it disappears among the tangled sea-
weed stems. Soon we see it again, but
now in downward flight. The beating
movements have abated, and the im-
palpable -hell, like a feather, slowly
sinks and drifts to the bottom. The
animal draw- back, disappears, and pulls
-hut the -hell's pliable door: then again,
almost immediately, emerges, once more
leaps ah. ft upon its beating, iridescent
wings, darts here among the hydroid
stems, and there among the glittering
(lowers, and disports itself with multi-
tudes of its iridescent fellows. Once
more it sinks to the bottom, where it
loses it- visionary wings, and is slowly
metamorphosed into a slow-moving
snail (Ilyanassa obsolete), which in no
wise suggests the brilliant creature from
which it grew. — Howard J. SI r
Harper's Magazine fur June

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North Sth Street, Quincy, 111.

My Symphony

To live content with small means: I i
seek elegance rather than luxury, and re-
finement rather thai> fashion ; to be
worthy, not respectable : and wealthy,
not rich; to study hard, think quietly,
talk gently, act frankly: to listen to
-tar- and birds, babes and sages, with
open heart, to bear all cheerfully, do all
bravely, await occasions, hurry never ;
in a word, to let the spiritual, unbidden
and unconscious, grow up through the
commonplace. — Wm, Henry Channing.

St]? HuBittraa .Journal

Prepare for Something.

The young man who thinks he can
go out into the world and put his little
untried and unsystematized knowledge
against the highly technical knowledge
of the trained specialist and win, is go-
ing to have a whole host of new ideas
before he tears many leaves off the cal-
endar. The parents who think that be-
cause their son has graduated from the
public or high school, he is capable of
making good in a career, only empha-
size their ignorance of existing condi-
tions and imperil the future of their
boy. The young man who graduates
from the high school has just about as
nearly completed an education for a
life work as the modern sky-scraper is
completed when it begins to appear
above the top of the ground. He has
laid the foundation, that is all. He is
not prepared for any career and he can-
not do anything that is in demand any-
where.

A few hundred thousand young men
and women have received their diplomas
from the public and high schools dur-
ing the past month and they are now
facing a world that is going to ask
them an entirely different set of ques-
tions from those they have been study-
ing the past years, and they will be ques-
tions that will be very difficult for them
to answer satisfactorily. They will find
that a high school diploma is not a pass-
port into a business house nor the of-
fice of a professional man, and that the
knowledge of dead languages is not
half so important, from a practical
standpoint, as the knowledge of live
business methods. In short, they will
soon find that their knowlc dge is only
general and scattering and that, if they
hope for any demand for their services,
they must build upon the foundation al-
ready laid, a superstructure that will be
of use to someone. And in the choice
of their technical training will lie the
success or failure of a large majority of
these graduates.

Rut prepare for something. And be-
fore deciding upon what that something
shall be this question must be answered
if you would enter upon a course of
training intelligently : "What oppor-
tunity will there be for me to dispose
of ray services after I have studied for
this line of work?" Who finds the
readiest market for his goods? Is it
not he who produces something that
everyone wants? Then will not he who
prepares to fill a demand that exists in
every office, in every store, in every
business house of any description, find
a more ready market for his serviced
than he who prepares to meet the de-
mands of only a limited few0

The business man is everywhere. You
can't get away from hitn. If you fly
to the uttermost parts of tin' earth, there
you will find him and his typewriter,
keeping in touch with the rest of the
world You cannot eat. drink, sleep or
amuse yourself without tin- permission
or assistance of the business man. And
he is always reaching out for new fields
to conquer and new brains to assist hitn
in his work. You cannot go wrong if
you expect to follow some profession
for you cannot become a top-notcher in

Practically Unanimous!

,iCUhe Machine You Will Eventually Buy'

Underwood
Typewriter

knowledge of business principles as the
foundation for your professional knowl-
edge.

So when you graduates 'r:ave tried.
with your diversified and untechnical
knowledge, to batter down the door into
the fertile fields of a business career,
and have found the task too great for
your accomplishment, just give a few
months to a short, concise and intelli-
gently arranged course of study of busi-
ness methods and stenography, and you
will no longer find it necessary to trv
to batter down the doors, as they will
fly open in quick response to the call of
your well-trained mind and the touch of
your deft fingers.

Prepare for something, and let it be

something that you can depend noon to

,r life with fruitage and your

bank account with l.gal tender.— f.x-

It requires 3,200 conductors to keep
New York street car passengers step-
ping lively.

The swiftest river in the world is
the Sutlej of Hritish India, which in
ISO miles has a descent of 12.000 feet.

Among the objects found in recent
excavations in Egypt was a whole com]
pany of wooden soldiers fiftcn inches
high.

The Swiss army will soon include a
corps of volunteer motorists. They will
have a special uniform, and will be arm-
ed with revolvers.

It is estimated that about 500.000,001
people live in houses, 700.000.000 in
huts and caves, and that 50,000,000 ha\e
riilar shelter.

A physician in Portland, Me. esti-
mated that 8,048 teas] nfuls of tears,

or two gallons in all. were shed in one
night by the audience that heard a pa-

" I %L?jyy\ S -f-

%%■♦%••%

3rjr IBuameaa Journal

f licliusiness lournal

|New York

_£L9lLfl6ams_ /v-XrW^

THE BUSINESS JOURNALS PENMANSHIP CERTIFICATE.

Tins Certificate is issued to anj one who completes the course in Business
Writing given in the journal. Thousands have been issued during the part ten
years. A Charge of fifty cents is made for it to defray expense of engrossing
name of pupil, name of school, etc. 1: is signed bj the Conductor of the Course,
Editor of the Journal, and Secretan of the Self-Help Club.

It is :: handsome specimen of the art of penmanship, printed on azure tinted
parchment paper 16 x 21 inches in siz.e. The requirements for obtaining this
Certificate are as follows:

1. Every candidate must be a subscriber to The Journal

2, All work assigned in The Journal's series ol lessons must be well and
faithfully done to the satisfaction oi the teacher.

3. A final specimen oi writing accompanied by the endorsement and recom-
mendation of the teacher must be sent to The Journal office.

Teachers are invited to call their students' attention to this Certificate. No
mor appropriate evidence of careful practice can be had. Framed copies of the
Certificate ornament the offices of hundreds of business training schools. June
is the diploma month, and we hope to have the pleasure of issuing a Certificate to
every earnest student of Business Writing.

The Matter of Knowing How.

Your standing in the business worldi
depends entirely upon your own efforts.
You often hear someone remarking
that "the world owes me a living." What
the world gives us is an unbiased chance
to make good, fate plays no favorite
despite our oft wonted inclinations to.
think to the contrary.

Initiative is the thing most desired by
business men to-day. If you don't know
how to do the little things appertaining
to every-day business routine without
constant coaching, it is up to you to
learn. The employes who think get
paid for their brainworking efforts— on
the contrarv, the ones who simply do
this or that as directed place themselves
in the "automomat" class— drop in your
monev and take vour choice. You can
find thousands of them plodding along
on $5.00 and $6.00 per week stipends
and calling malediction upon their
"luck."

Put the query to yourself, are you in
the "Private Rowan" class, or have you
settled down to a routine existence, sat-
isfied with the little stipend that is doled
out to you in your pav envelope?

What Will People Think?

This is the first question that comes
to the mind of many persons when
about to do something new or unusual
But why should you be guided by what
others think? Haven't you a mind of
your own and are' you not capable of
judging whether a thing is right, proper
or advisable? So long as you hunt
your actions to the possible approval of
others, so long will you fail to be a
moral force or an essential factor in-
anything. The world needs men, not
shadows. You cannot be yourself and
at the same time a reflection of public
opinion. Think for yourself, use your
own judgment, and then act as judg-
ment dictates.

BOOKKEEPERS. STENOGRAPHERS AND TEACHERS WANTED

Our Teachers' Atnitv is tl . .. »<I t-il with applications for graduates from our Home
Sturlv Courses. Own 1000 students report vacancies. So many calls for teachers un-
I ■ ., . , | , ! | and Bool eeoers in (Treat demand, Send

esin Law. Real Estate, and Automobile Engineering.

500 MORE TEACHERS WANTED AT ONCE.
Salaries from $600 to (2c per year. We prepare teachers for advanced posi-
tions and seen.,- the pi sit you want a posit, ..n in the North, hast.
50Utl 01 West, write to us at our,-. Can use a large number nf Commercial Teachers
for High Schools and Business Colleges, Stenographers, ers Shall we
| to you out "Special Scholarship" for vour consideration? Advice and Full
particulars free Writ to us foi out Teachers' Agency plan: it produces the results
and that is what you want. Write today- '-tomorrow nevei comes. "Do it now.
Address Teachers' Agency, Carnegie College, Rogers. Ohio.

T a

ti the

"Lone

Star" Card Specialist. Have

the

most

complt

te Mad Cour

e in

U. S. and

tor

the It

ast mo

ney. Let me

prov

e it. Your

isticallv written on

Cards for

Sic

rid 10

: for sample

Age

doz. and
Box 1268

WACO.
TEXAS

Typewriting

Touch S;

months
diagrams

tern. How to learn the art in 2 to 4
Home. Explanatory booklet with
Post free 6d. (12 cents) from

JAMES WRIGHT,
i Avenue, North. Kirkcaldy, Scot-

Success.

He has achieved success who has
lived well, laughed often and loved
much; who has gained the respect of in-
telligent men and the love of little chil-
dren : who has filled his niche and ac-
complished his task; who has left the
world better than he found it. whether
bv an improved poppy, a perfect poem,
or a rescued soul ; who has never lacked
appreciation of earth's beauty or failed
to express it; who has always looked'
for the best in others and given the
best he had; whose life was an inspira-
tion, whose memory a benediction.

Smile, even when you're down and out,.

Smile when trouble routs about,
Smile in sorrow smile in pain.

Sunshine always follows rain.

The world pays a salary for what
you know; wages for what you do.

Those who never do any more than they

get paid for —
Never get paid for any more than they

do.

—Elbert Hubbard..

Visible

Writing

A Chain of Logic

There are over THREE =
QUARTERS of a MILLION
REMINGTON TYPEWRITERS
in use today — more than any
other make and more than
many others combined.

This means that there are
more REMINGTON POSITIONS
than any others.

From this it follows that
there are more OPPORTUN=
ITIES for the REMINGTON
TYPIST than for any others.

Therefore it always pays the
pupil best to learn the

a Remington

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)

New York and Everywhere
Visible . Writing

^^ ^P ^P ^P

X J X j \

«" I X^/vD $+■

♦ t 4

♦ # ♦ #

She ISusiuraa Journal

What Will You Use This Year

Bookkeeping

Commercial
Arithmetic

Rapid Calculation

Commercial Law

Typewriting

Punctuation

Business
Correspondence

Business English

Business Spelling

Shorthand

Don't Order "More of the Same"

until you have looked over the Bobbs-Merrill List. In each one of
these subjects, it contains one or more of the very best books pub-
lished— books that get Results, and Results is the one big thing
every school is after.

If you are still undecided about your text-books for the com-
ing year and want to be sure that you will get the best, don't go
ahead until you have investigated the Bobbs-Merrill books.

The Bobbs-Merrill Company : Indianapolis USA

Publishers of Standard Texts in All Commercial Lines

Tribune Building, New York. Horace G. Healey, Editor.

J^ksnn o

* % *

tThp IBusittfSH Journal

FOURTH EDITION

REVISED AND ENLARGED

Style Book of Business English

Including Card-Indexing and Record-Finding

"Hammond's 'Style Book of Business English' seems to me an unusually complete, practical and interesting
manual for the use of commercial classes. It includes a number of features found nowhere else. Its manner of
presentation is attractive and straightforward." — Max J. Herzbekg, Head of the English Department, Central Com-
mercial and Manual Training High School, Newark, N. J.

"I have been uting your 'Style Book of Business English' in the teaching of Business Correspondence for
the past three years and cannot speak too highly of it. Hitherto, I have found Business Correspondence as pre-
sented by other text-books an exceedingly dry and monotonous subject, and was constantly endeavoring to devise
a plan whereby I could make the study attractive to my classes. The system of questions and answers is unique,
compelling the student to search the text for the information required and to exercise his judgment in framing his
answers. This requires him to concentrate his attention on the subject very closely and makes the work interest-
ing from several points of view. Each set of questions being followed by practical work, consisting of correcting
and composing letters, such corrections and composition being based on the answers to the foregoing questions,
is an invaluable scheme for teaching the student to reply on the information thus acquired." — Edward E. \Yr'c;iit
Principal, Day Business and Preparatory School, Central Branch V. M. C. A., Brooklyn, X. Y.

CLOTH, GILT LETTERING, 234 PAGES, 85 CENTS
Teachers" Examination Copy, Postpaid, 57 cents. Mention School

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,

2 West 45th Street, New York

Every Teacher and Principal should read the

REPORT OF A
SPECIAL COMMITTEE

APPOINTED BY THE

New York Board of Education

IN REGARD TO THE

TEACHING OF SHORTHAND
IN HIGH SCHOOLS

Sen/ Free on request by

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, ... 2 West 45th Street, New York

Send for particulars of a Free Correspondence Course in Shorthand for Teachers.

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She IBuainrss Journal

Modern Typewriting

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ONE

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Qlljr SitatttfH0 Journal

ARITHMETIC LAW ENGLISH PENMANSHIP

These are the four branches that give the strongest support to a good training in bookkeeping.
Thoroughly qualified in these five branches, with a good character and steady, energetic habit-, a
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"Correct English: How to Use It"-
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MARYLAND

RESULTS COUNT

Lawrence. KanS., April 27. 1912.

"In making up my order for next \ ear's supplies, 1 naturally turn to you for shorthand texts, as I derive a
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the texts put out by several other publishers, but have failed to rind any which is more, pedagogically arranged.
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"All my last year's graduates, also the four or five students who failed to make the necessary grades to
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aminations, and their average salary on the 15th of last September was over $900 per annum. Do you
know anybody who can beat that record?" VY I KEEN, Haskell Institute.

Extract from the rOURNAL-WORLD of Lawrence. Kans., June 11. 1912.

"Last night in the auditorium .if Haskell Institute, the Commercial Class Day program was given. This is
always an interesting and instructive exhibition of the work done in the commercial department at Haskell, and
shows the proficiency <>f the students in various branches. Shorthand was written on a blackboard at the rate of
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Second place was won by Ellis Manning at 130 wnnls, third and fourth places by Delia Lazclle and Elbert Holt
with 129 words each."

June 10, 1912.

"1 have given Brief Course a thoro trial along with other text-books on Graham shorthand, and find it to be
far superior to any text-book on the market. One of my students made the best record by the use of your text
that I have ever known to be made with Graham shorthand. She accepted a position exactly two months after
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i Recently with the Draughon Bus. College of Kansas I

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: ' "~ ~~

USINESSlOURML

Lwv„ ^v'/^: -vv- .yy^l-'-syv Aj.'/jr' <.y^ '"

3Gth Year

AUGUST, 1912

>~o. 12

A TWENTIETH CENTURY PROPOSITION.

By A. M. Adams.
RE the Commercial Schools standing on the
threshold of an era of unheard of and un-
dreamed of development? Can it be possible
that all of the great business educators of the
a past, and their legitimate successors of the pres-
have betn toiling in the early twilight and
,e bright radiance of the mid-day sun will not shed
its lustre on the world of business education and bus.nes i en-
terprise until other generations, perhaps yet unborn, have
taken the places of those who now struggle to bring the
school-room and the business office into still closer touch
with each other? This may not be impossible. It has been
predicted that the twentieth century will be the century of
development, as the hundred years just past was the era of
discovery, and this seems more than probable. In the world
of science the nineteenth century will be memorable as that
in which ansesthetics was discovered— possibly the greatest
boon that has been given to humanity in all the ages of the
existence of the race. It was the nineteenth century scientist
who discovered radium and the X-ray, who determined the
existence of living organisms in the air we breathe, in the
food we eat and in the water we drink, some beneficial, some
detrimental, but all occupying their little place in the economy
of nature. .

So too. in that century, came a revolution in education
For many centuries educators had clung to that system of
education which originated in the cell of the monk, at a
time when there was no avenue open to a man of learning
save the Church. It has been less than a hundred years since
to the mind of man came the idea of commercial education
as we have it todav. and this thought seemed to enter the
minds of a number of men at almost the same time, making
it somewhat difficult to say who is the real father of our
m0(ji .,] educational system.

w, alter three-quarters of a century, we may be on
the very verse of such a wonderful expansion along-business
educational lines as will make the leaders of the new move-
. ment wonder at their own achievement. It is just recently
that one of the business schools of the State of New \ork
has added to its curriculum a Department of Transportation.
At ,-. ft ■ mind cannot grasp the magnitude of the

possibilit i - f such a department. But when one remembers
that twentv-five thousand young men enter railroad work in
its various branches every year, every one of whom would
be better fitted for the position he is to occupy if he could
be given a year of careful, systematic training: when one
recalls that the greatest industry in the world at the present
time is the railroad industry, he will begin to have some con-
ception of what it might be possible for schools of transporta-
tion to accomplish.

It is not necessarv to make the mistake of assuming that a
school can make a finished railroad man from an inexper-
ienced pupil any more than a business school can graduate
captains of industry, but these schools can make the path of
the beginner in the commercial world and in the world of
transportation much easier, and shorten the time necessary
to fit one for promotion.

It is not many vears since one of the great insurance com-
panies took upon itself the task of training a limited number
of college men for this work. Life insurance has become
a necessity, and whatever may be said of the methods of
some life insurance companies and some life insurance men.
the fact remains that men are more and more coming to
recognize the importance of this safeguard upon their busi-
ness, this building for the future when life is young, this
preparation for adversity when the benignant smiles of for-
tune light their pathwav. If a business organization recog-
nizes the possibilities of special training for the young men
who are to adopt that calling as their means of livelihood, then
why is it not possible for commercial schools to brush many
a barrier from the path of the ambitious but inexperienced
youth?

But above all other things there is one thing every business
school should teach. It should teach that manhood is of
paramount importance. It should teach that the man who,
in his declining vears, reaps curses rather than blessings from
his fellow men, cannot be considered a success even though
the locomotives of the earth were not sufficient to move his
wealth that he who sacrifices his health to win wealth will,
in all probability, live to see the day when he would gladly
give his wealth for the health which was once his. And the
pupil should not forget that the school is hardly more than
a place where he can fit himself to learn, where he can open
up his mind and prepare it to gather up to itself the great
wealth of knowledge which the world has to offer to him. He
will learn much in school for which the world, the business
world, has no use. but in acquiring the ability to think and
reason, to make logical deductions, to concentrate, he will be
gaining something which will be of value to him every day
he lives, not onlv from a standpoint of dollars and cents,
but from that broader standpoint, the standpoint of one who.
no matter how much he may take from the world in honors,
in wealth, in learning, is prepared to give back to it more
than he has taken.

The publishers of The Business Journal will be very glad

to receive copies of the annual catalogues and announcements
of the various private and public business training schools.
These catalogues are kept on file in The Journal office, and
form a most interesting library of up-to-date information re-
garding training in America.

ahc tBusinrss Journal

A WARM WORD FOR COOL READERS.

We can imagine you in a hammock behind the hotel: in a
canoe on the Memphremagog Lake: on the cool board walk
at Atlantic City: in s<.me delightful retreat of the Rockies;
"taking in" the mam-- djtlni -- of the dear Old Chautauqua;
g through the dense forests of the Adirondacks; sail-
r chippy yacht before a spanking breeze adown the
coast of Maine: coquetting with your lady love while at lawn
tennis; diving off the float at Ocean Gro\e: listening to —
well, almost anybody saying, "Isn't it hot?''

But, ah me, drop into our sanctum and see how cool we
are' Come up here int.. tile balmy breeze-swept heights of
the Tribune Building, and then wish you were here at home
with us?

Good Readers of the Business Journal, you will, we are
sure, be pleased with the way we are letting up on the sever-
ities of the student world, and giving you the gentler and
sweeter morsels of the summer season. Why should you tor-
ture yourself with the intricacies of Penmanship, Bookkeep-
ing, Accountancy, Stenography, et id oiiiiic genus, when you
can take in the blessedness of sky and sun and the rich brown
tan and freckles of the out-of-door life?

But while you are freckling and possibly fretting, we are
preparing to be to you purveyors of all good things in the
months to come. September will be richness itself for vou,
and doubtless October will grow better by that on which it
feeds. Come back from your wanderings, ye sons and daugh-
ters of toil, with appetites whetted for "solid meats and sweet
sauces" in abundance. We will have them for you.

BUSINESS WRITING.

The specimens received at The Journal office during the
past month serve as a reminder that the subject of penman-
ship is receiving proper attention in both public and business
schools. Very marked improvement is shown by the students,
convincing one that the instructors have aroused a great deal
of enthusiasm in the class-room. Specimens received from
the following teachers are especially meritorious:

R. S. Deener, Metropolitan Business College. Chicago, 111.

F. A. Curtis, Brown School, Hartford, Conn.

J. D. Rice. Chillicothe Business College, Chillicothe, Mo.

Miss Curren, Yankleek Hill, Ont.

J. H. Mayne, Metropolitan Business College. Chicago, 111.

A. M. Wonnell, Ferris Institute, Big Rapids, Mich.

J. R. Carroll, Douglas Business College. McKeesport, Pa.

Grace M. Cassiday, Mansfield, Mass.. High School.

E. H. McGhee. Rider, Moore & Stewart Sch., Trenton. X. J.
A. M. Poole, Easton School of Business, Easton, Pa.

J. M. Latham. Business College, Port Arthur, Texas.
C. C. Craft, Concord, N. H., Business College.

F. A. Ashley, Temple University, Philadelphia. Pa.
A. C. Holmquist, Minnesota College, Minneapolis.
S. E. Leslie. Eastman College, Poughkeepsie. X. Y.
Hastings Hawkes, Brockton, Mass.. High School.

SiMcr Mary Germaine, St. Mary's College, Monroe, Mich.

Brother Rene Auguste, Longueuil College, Longueuil,
Canada.

W. S. Morris. Central High School. Lonaconing, Md.

Merritt Davis. Salem High School. Salem, Ore.

Brother Damase, De La Salle Academy. Three Rivers,
Canada.

Brother Leonard. Sacred Heart College. Longueuil, Canada

C. L Newell, Woods Kings Com ess School, Brook-

1m.. X Y

THE QUILL CLUB MEETING

The third meeting of The Connecticut Quill Club was held

June 10th, in ..ne of the Shorthand rooms of The Huntsinger
Business School, Hartford Conn. The meeting was called to
order b\ President E. M. Huntsinger, who made some re-
marks pertinent to the occasion anil purposes of this meeting.
The w rk of this organization is making itself felt in 'he
teaching of penmanship in the public schools as well as the
business sch Is of Hartford.

Mrs. W. D. Monnier gave an excellent lecture on art com-
position, picture hanging and designing. A special value of
this drill is in training the ?ense of form and prcportion in
any other line of work. As an adjunct to the teaching of
business writing and correspondence, this lecture is much to
be commended.

At every meeting there is an exhibition of a variety of great
skill by famous penmen or engrossers. Some exceptionally
fine resolution-engrossing by E. E. Marlatt of New York was
a prominent feature. So were also two specimen books on
penmanship containing over 500 samples of superior skill in
writing, engrossing, lettering, designing, etc., covering a very
wide range of manual dexterity and representing over 208
different penmen. These books were loaned for this occasion
by Horace G. Healey. editor of The Business Journal of
Xew York City.

^Another set of specimen books was loaned for this oc-
casion by W. H. Patrick of The Patrick Business School of
York, Pa. Some of Che finest penmenship skill ever seen is
found in these books representing the entire Spencer family of
Spencerian fame.

It would be asbolutely impossible to duplicate the work in
these books as almost all of the men who executed it are not
now living.

There is usually a special souvenir presented to every mem-
ber of the Association at each meeting. The souvenir on this
occasion was a photograph of a Threc-Hundred-Doilar piece
of pen-drawing by Lyman P. Spencer, the chief artist of the
famous Spencerian system of penmanship. The original ci
this rare piece of pen-work is the property of B. S. Carleton
of the Aetno Life Insurance Business Writing Co. of Hart-
ford.

INVITATIONS RECEIVED.

The Journal office received a number of invitations during
the past month from schools in various parts of the United
States, and we have noted the excellent programs that have
been prepared for commencement exercises. Among the list
were Ferris Institute, Big Rapids, Mich.; Rider-Moore &
Stewart School, Trenton, X. J.; Detroit Commercial College,
Detroit, Mich.; St. Mary's College. Monroe. Mich.: Meadville
Commercial College, Meadville. Pa.; Canton Actual Business
College, Canton. Ohio: Childs' Business College. Providence,
R I.: Merrill College. Stamford. Conn; Utica School of
Commerce, Utica. X Y. : Eastman-Gaines School. Xew York
City; McGinn's School, Mahanoy City, Pa.: Sherman's
Business School, Mt. Vernon, X. Y.

REPARTEE.

"Isn't she beautiful," whispered the blonde, "in that dainty
gray gown that goes so well with her exquisitely lovely blue
hair! I wonder if she would mind telling me what sort of
bluing she uses for her hair."

"I shouldn't think she would," he replied, "if you would tell
her what shade of blondine you use for yours."

Xksm o-*-

* V"» W> *'

SHORTHANDERS GALORE.

Unless all signs fail, the city of New York will welcome
on August 19. and during the week, the largest body of com-
petent reporters ever attending a Shorthand Convention, as
the annual meeting of the National Shorthand Reporters'
Association will convene at that time in the new Vanderbilt
Hotel. Park Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street. The local
and general executive committees are planning great things?
Special railroad rates will bring scores of the leading men and
women in the profession to our cosmopolitan center. Social
features will be prominent. An active interest is already man-
ifest in the special exhibit of all appliances connected in any
way with the work of the professional stenographer. A
capacious room is set apart for this display. A hearty greet-
ing will lie given at our office in the Tribune Building (Room
703), especially by the Shorthand Department Editor. Will-
iam D. Bridge to all fellow-shorthand writers attending the
convention.

THE C. S. R LAW.

There is a very old story of a politician who tried to
perch himself upon a fence by saying that he was in favor
of a law, but opposed to its enforcement. Quite possibly
this, like many funny stories, orginated in fact, and a
man who meant to say that he approved the law, but did
not approve the manner of its enforcement, made a slip of
the tongue. It often happens that the question how to ap-
ply a statute, whose purpose everyone approves, is most
perplexing.

Such seems to be the situation in which our New York
friends find themselves with the law for the certification
of public stenographers. As all who have taken an in-
terest in the matter know, the act provides that the re-
gents of the University may issue to a stenographer "a
certificate of his qualifications to practice as a public short-
hand reporter." The holder of such a certificate has the
right to style himself a "Certified Shorthand Reporter." The
use of that title by any other than the holder of such a
certificate is made a misdemeanor. The certificate is to be
granted after an examination, which the regents, however,
are authorized to waive in the ca.se of any person having
certain qualifications as to age, residence, moral character
and citizenship, who al the time of the passage of the Act
had been practising in the State, wholly on his own account,
as a public shorthand reporter, for a certain time, or who
held an official position in any court of the State.

Obviously the first step towards enforcing the law was for
the regents to appoint somebody to examine applicants. They
accordingly named a board of examiners. As the latter had
it in their discretion either to examine everyone engaged
in public reporting, officially or otherwise, who wanted the
title of C. S. R.. or to exempt the great majority of possible

applicants, they were confronted with a perplexing question
as to where they should draw the line. The secretary of
the examining board personally attended the annual meet-
ing of the State Stenographers' Association, and asked the
members present for counsel. He received a response gen-
erous in quality, but after a long debate the last speaker
on the .subject said, I do not believe the suggestions he re-
ceived were of much practical utility. He asked for bread,
but unfortunately all that we were able to give him was a
stone; in its last analysis the substance of what we said to
him was, that "we hoped they would apply the law as
stringently as may be, but not with too much stringency,
and also trusted that they would apply it as liberally as
possible, but at the same time not too liberally." In fact,
what the Association did was, not to enlighten the exam-
iner, but to adopt and approve his own suggestion, by pass-
ing a resolution suggesting to the board that an exemption
be granted to officials of the Supreme Court of the State
of New York and the Court of General Sessions of the City
of New York, and to such others as may be certified to the
examining committee by such officials as competent report-
ers.

The interest which attaches to the foregoing incident lies
in this, that it explains why stenographers in other states,
while admiring the "C. S. R." idea, and applauding the
work of the Xew York Association in securing its adoption,
show little disposition to act upon similar lines. The re-
gents find the State well supplied with shorthand reporters
already certified by the Courts, or the Civil Service Exam-
iners, or both. No doubt in many parts of the State those
are the only public stenographers in business, and to certify
them over again would be idle. This is the situation which
exists nearly everywhere throughout the United States. The
demand for the Act in question (a statute which in itself
deserves all the praise it has received), is a local one grow-
ing out of conditions almost peculiar to Xew York City,
and until similar conditions arise elsewhere, there is likely
to be little demand in other states for similar legislation.

Xew York City is widely 1 as the Centi ■

ind Universe in many respects. And now the Beale
Shorthand Library, purchased by the National Shorthand Re-
porters' \-- iti n for several thousand dollars, is placed
sit for a term of twent) ' in the

custi d) of the great New York Public library at Broadway
and 42d Street: to he thoroughly catalogued, kept intact in
designated alcoves, and ..pen to examination by all duly
accredited parties. We are specially pleased to note that
f indebtedness, to the persons advancing the
purchase price to the widow of Mr. Beale. in behall
Association, is now reduced t> about oni

remarkable fact. It is hoped to have the Beale Library ready
for inspection during the X. S. R. A. C invention in

♦ # #

■ » • • #

al]p SuButPsa Journal

THE PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER.

"1 am the amanuensis of more than a dozen men," said a
public stenographer recently, "and my knowledge consists of
every tiling from love affairs to political campaign writing.
The public stenographer in these days is called upon to do
many queer things. In the olden times letter-writers used to
work in the street because few could read in those days, and
it was the only means of communication. Well, the public
stenographer is much in the same position. She writes all
sorts of letters, and some of the experiences I have durjng the
average day are decidedly interesting.

"There are not less than six young men in love — clerks
upstairs — and who consult me in regard to their affinities.
There are sober business men who began by dictating their
letters to me, but who often ask my advice on matters per-
taining to weighty affairs. I don't know why.

"Not long ago an old gentleman came to me. He said as I
had been taking his letters so long, and knew so much about
his affairs, that he would pay me a stipulated amount each
week to take the job off his hands. He had a heavy business
deal on. and he wanted to shift it on to my shoulders. Of
course, I refused.

"Another man on the tenth floor was running for office,
and he asked my advice about his campaign business. I
wrote circular letters for him, and he unfolded his political
heart to me.

Then there is an office boy upstairs who is in love with a
girl on the South Side, and he seems to like nothing better
than to stamp his epistles with the official mark of the type-
written letter. Of course, I don't charge him for it, as I get
enough fun out of the tenor of the notes.

"There are a number of young men carrying on a courtship
through me. They become confidential, and tell me all their
troubles from day to day. I know the course of the court-
ship from beginning to end.

"But it is not a case of love all the time. Some of the
letters I am called upon to write contain sentences which
cause heart-throbs of pity. The deserted wife and husband,
the hopelessness of men on the downward path, all find their
way on to my note-books from time to time. In fact, it is
surprising how the public will tell their innermost secrets to
a strange, public stenographer. Of course, we are in duty
bound to respect the letters as confidential, but total strangers
never question the veracity of a woman engaged in this line
of endeavor." — Chicago Tribune.

REPORTING CONVENTIONS.

The convention season is near at hand — not political con-
ventions especially, but as vacation time appjroaches the
various organizations and societies in our land hold their
annual meetings so that the greatest number of delegates
and members can attend. This field can be more developed
than it has been as a source of income to the shorthand re-
porter. More and more these societies are having their
proceedings reported and published, and there is scarcely a
shorthand reporter in the land, who feels himself competent
to do this class of work, who cannot secure at least one
meeting a year to report.

The work is more difficult than court work, especially
if the subjects to be discussed are technical, and therefore
the rate of payment should be larger than for court work.
Added to the unfamiliar terminology is the difficulty of hear-
ing at all times the spoken words from different parts of
the hall, the necessity of identifying the speakers in the
record, the man who has committed a speech to memory
for the occasion and irefuses to admit that he has .manu-
script prepared for the occasion, .etc.

On the other hand many of the addresses and reports
are read from manuscript and do not have to be taken in
shorthand at all, but only placed in the record at the proper
place. Usually one copy is all that is required, and as
that goes to a printer not so much care needs to be taken
with it, if it is legible. Sometimes trade journals want

daily copy of parts of all of certain addresses, and this
furnishes .an additional income.

Convention work is fascinating and puts the reporter in
touch with a new field, tending to remove him from the
rut in which he is placed by continually taking question and
answer work.

Many of the lodges are now having state meetings re-
ported in shorthand, but most of these require that the
work be done by a member of the order.

The Zanesville Shorthand Writers' Club, the only organiza-
tion of stenographers in Ohio, is making good progress. It
has over thirty members, nearly all of whom are regular in
their attendance. The annual Meeting was recently held, at
which a former stenographer, General Brown, proprietor of
the Zanesville Courier, gave the young people a fine talk,
and Mr. Orrin B. Booth, official reporter of Cambridge, was
called upon and gave the stenographers some practical points
along their line of work. The club owes its existence to
the energetic and persistent work of Fred M. Cruise, an
ambitious and enthusiastic young stenographer of that town,
who worked for a long time to create the interest which
has developed. A correspondent says, "His success ought
to be an encouragement to enthusiasts in every town where
enough stenographers are employed, to try to interest a suf-
ficient number to warrant forming an organization."

It is probable that the lack of organization among the
official reporters of Ohio is partly due to the laws of that
State, which leave the compensation of such stenographers
very largely at the discretion of the several courts. A nat-
ural result is that, other things being equal, the stenographer
who is the best hand at a bargain gets the advantage of his
or her ability in that line, and there is little incentive for
combined effort towards the regulation of fees or salaries.
As that is merely one of the incidents of organization, and
by no means its main object, the Bureau trusts that the ex-
ample of Zanesville will prove contagious.

Office Appliances has issued a booklet giving the "Re-
vised Rules and Regulations of the Tnternational Typewrit-
ing Contest" which will be held in connection with the
Business Show, 69th Regiment Armory'. New York City,
November 11th to 16th, inclusive. There are four contests
for trophies, with certificates of speed to those who qualify
in the different events. In the Professional Contest the
writing is to be for one hour from printed copy ; in the
Amateur Contest, thirty minutes writing from printed copy;
in the School Contest, fifteen minutes writing from printed
copy : in the One Minute Contest, open to those participat-
ing in the first two events, one minute writing from printed
copy.

J. N. Kimball, chairman of the speed contest committee,
writes that there is nothing new in respect to the contests
to be carried on before the convention this year He is
having the rules printed for distribution to prospective con-
testants, and they are just the same as they have been in
previous years. There will be a charge of ?2 to all con-
testants, the money to be used in defraying the expenses of
the contest.

The stenographic field in San Francisco it seems is tem-
porarily overcrowded, owing to an influx of stememphers
from the east, but that this condition does not prevail in
Winnipeg, Canada, where there is a demand for commercial
stenographers at from $-)f> to $70 a month, which cannot be
filled.

J^^ynn o

ulip luatitpss ilourrtal

THE FIRST KOREAN TYPEWRITER.

Korea, the "Hermit Kingdom," which was the cause of the
war between China and Japan, and of the later and greater
war between Japan and Russia, which for twenty years has
been the football of contending powers, is at last making
progress.

Among the many recent signs of this progress is the an-
nouncement that for the first time in history, a typewriter
has been built to write the Korean language..

This machine, the first models of which have just been
completed at the Smith Premier Typewriter Works at Syra-
cuse, is a curiosity among writing machines, and its comple-
tion required the assistance of native Korean talent.

Unlike the Chinese and Japanese languages, the Korean
language has an alphabet, which was invented by the Great
King Sei-jong about five hundred years ago. This alphabet
has only twenty-five letters. This sounds easy from the
standpoint of the typewriter maker. But there were other
practical difficulties. Each of these letters has two or three
different positions, and enough other characters are used to
overcrowd the keyboard of the average machine. All of these
difficulties have been surmounted, however, and the Korean
Typewriter is now a fact.

Of the 84 keys of this typewriter, seventy-two are Korean
letters, eight are numerals, and four bear miscellaneous signs.
Forty-six of these keys are "dead," which means that they do
not space when struck, which leaves only thirty-eight "live"
keys on the entire keyboard— certainly a strange and un-
usual typewriter compared with those in common domestic
use !

The significant fact about this typewriter is that it has been
built in response to a strong Korean demand. Twenty years
or even ten years ago such a demand from the "Hermit
Kingdom" would have been unthinkable. Korea has always
been regarded as one of the most backward countries in Amu
more backward than China, but here is one of the many signs
that it is waking up. So far as the writing machine is con-
cerned, it is now ahead nol onlj of China, but also of Japan.
' for neither the Chinese nor the Japanese languages have yet
been conquered by the writing machine.

COURT REPORTERS' FEE

A bill recently introduced in the New York Legislature
reduced the folio rate of Supreme Court stenographers to
4 cents. It was defeated through the activity of the State
Association. The Court reporters of this State pay 5
cents per folio for having their transcripts typewritten, the
universal rule being not to employ operators on salary, but
to pay by the page for all work done.

The same legislature passed an act increasing the com-
pensation of stenographers in the Courts of General Ses-
sions to $3,600 per annum.

The State Association has seven special committees act-
ively at work, not counting such regular committees as the
legislative, executive and membership. Fully eighty of the
members are engaged in active committee work.

An employment bureau has been recently established. The
Association prints and furnishes to each of its members a
list of all competent substitutes whose dues are paid up,
with their office, house and telephone addresses, in order
that they may be given preference when assistance is needed.

In marked contrast with the prosperity of New York
is the deplorable state of affairs in North Carolina. A cor-
respondent says :

"The average lawyer in this State thinks that a court
reporter should be willing to report in court all day and
furnish transcript to counsel for the sum of $5 a day, no
transcript fee allowed. A few women and a few men who
have had little or no experieiTte in the work, have accepted
some of these positions. Our people are not illiberal or
unappreciative. The whole trouble in my judgment lies in
the dense ignorance of the great majority of the bar of
this State as to what the requirements of a reporter of aver-

age ability should be, and also as to the limitations of the
art of shorthand writing. Many of the lawyers and busi-
ness men of the State have never come in contact with any
members of the shorthand profession except the lowest
grade of recently graduated shorthand amanuenses or office
stenographers. I am paid in fees of $1, $2 and S3 in each
case, which is taxed up against the litigants in all cases as
part of the court costs, and is supposed to be paid by the
litigants. I am required to furnish all my own stationery
and office furniture and fixtures. If the party cast in a
civil suit does not pay the $3 taxed for my benefit for re-
porting the case, I receive nothing for the reporting. In
criminal cases where the costs are paid by the defendant I
receive $2 for reporting each case. When the defendant
fails to pay the costs I receive $1 from the county for re-
porting each case. As to transcript fees, I am required to
file in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of this
County the original copy of all transcripts free of charge.
I am allowed under the law to charge 7 1-2 cents per hun-
dred words for the first carbon copy furnished to the liti-
gants and 2 1-2 cents for the second carbon copy furnished
to the litigants or to the county. I am in no event allowed
to charge more than 2 1-2 cents per hundred words for any
carbon copy furnished to the count}'. I am becoming
weary and discouraged by the low compensation for our
work."

WORK HARD, BUT PAY GOOD.

Demand for Women Stenographers in the Offices of Patent
Lawyers.

Patent lawyers say they will gladly pay from $25 to $30 a
week to stenographers who can do their work, and as much
as $50 a week is sometimes paid.

The work is hard and exacting, the hours long. You must
be familiar with law work. You should learn to read draw-
ings, and as inventors generally want patents on machinery, a
taste for bolts, screws and mechanism in general would be of
great help.

A weary patent lawyer poured out some of his woes much
as follows

"In the last four years we have tried about a hundred
stenographers. Many of them we have kept varying lengths
of time, seldom longer than two years. It takes me nearly
four hours to test a stenographer thoroughly."

He conceded that very few young women show what they
can really do under such circumstances; that often an intelli-
gent and well educated stenographer will not show what she
is capable of until the tir-t strangeness of work and sur-
roundings has worn off, and he -aid lie would gladly engage
without trial anyone who would come to him with references
from another patent lawyer, but n • one ever did. He could
only conclude that when wi men left places with patent law-
yers they either rushed into matrimony or took up quite an-
other branch of stenographic work.

He showed some of the drawings which a stenographer
would be called upon to read. To the uninitiated it would
be a task indeed. A persi n trained in the work can read
them as a musician reads a musical scope.

In reading notes in paten! work context does not help as
much as il 'lot- in dictations on ordinary subjects. For in-
stance, in some systems of shorthand you would write "tap"
and "top" not only with the same outlines but in the same
position. Yet substituting one of these words for the other in
the transcript of a dictation might necessitate a patent lawyer
spending an hour hunting over hi- laboriously worked up
- to see which was right. A woman who could do the
work properly would be nearly priceless.

Women have so much less aptitude for machinery than
men have that it might seem natural to employ young men
as stenographers in a patent lawyer's office, but young men
are not content to go on a- stenographers. At the end of a
few years they insist on graduating from the weary grind of
the machine. On the other hand, a woman, if her salary is
judiciously increased, is willing to go on through the patent
years taking notes and writing them out. Of course there is
the pi :ut that is not very

£1jp lSnampsa 3ournal

"The recent amendment of the Ohio Statute making Com-
mon Pleas Court Stenographers also stenographers of the
Circuit Court, docs not seem to be clearly understood by all
parties. The amendment of Section 1547 of the General
Code reads as follows :

'When the services of one or more additional stenographers
are necessary in a county, the court may appoint assistant
stenographers, it seems to your correspondent. For the last
serve for such time as their services may be required by
the Court not exceeding three years under one appointment,
and may be paid at the same rate in the same manner as
the official stenographer. Such stenographers when so ap-
pointed shall be ex officio stenographers of the insolvency and
superior courts, if any, in such county, and of the circuit
courts in such county.'

"A literal reading of this section would put the burden
of the circuit court work upon the additional or assistant
stenographers, it seems to your correspondent. For the last
two years I have been paid extra for circuit court services,
though I spoke to the presiding judge regarding the new law,
saying I understood I was to do circuit court work in ad-
dition to Common Pleas. He said he knew nothing about
such a law, and put me on the journal for payment.

"Governor Harmon in signing this bill said the purpose of
it was to make stenographers appointed by the Common
Pleas Courts official stenographers of the Circuit Courts in
the respective counties also, there being now no provision
for such stenographers in the Circuit Courts, which the
State Examiner construes to include the official stenog-
rapher, and while repayment of the amounts given for serv-
ices will not be demanded, he will advise that such payment
be not made to Common Pleas official reporters for Circuit
Court work in the future. It would be interesting to have
a court ruling on this section"

The law stenographers of West Virginia met at Charles-
ton in the early part of April and formed a State Associa-
tion, electing Louis E. Schrader, of Wheeling, President, and
Charles V. Price, of Welch, Secretary. The next meeting will
be held at Parkersburg on August 3d. They have a law un-
der which in some of the districts they have been fairly
prosperous, and in others very badly off The best districts
are in the western part of the State, adjoining Ohio and
Kentucky, wh°re lower folio rates are less, although the
stenographers of Ohio at least have other advantages which
make up the difference. The ordinary lawyer and client,
however, can see nothing but the discrepancy in price per
folio, and this has rendered the position of the West Vir-
ginia men precarious. The last Legislature had before it
some very bad bills, and it was fortunate for the rest of
the stenographers that good men were engaged in reporting
the legislative proceedings, and thus were in a position to
remonstrate successfully against the measures proposed.
There are some archaic features in the West Virginia law
which ought to be eliminated, and it is the purpose of the
men who have organized to make i careful study of the
subject with a view to submitting a bilL which will improve
the service, not simply for themselves but for all parties
concerned. The Bureau understands that they are not so
anxious to secure larger incomes as they are to remove all
just causes of complaint, an effort in which they ought to
have the support of the bench and bar and of all good
citizens.

Among the most important witnesses for the State in the
case of Clarence S. Darrow, chief of the McNamara de-
fense, under arrest for the alleged bribery of jurors in the
celebrated trial, will be Leo Longley and I. Benjamin, mem-
bers of the firm of Longley, Benjamin & Co., Shorthand Re-
porters, and Waldo Faloon, another shorthand expert, who
took dictagraphic reports of the alleged conversation between
Mr. Darrow and Attorney John R. Harrington, of Chicago,
at the Hayward Hotel. They are reported to be ready to
testify that the dictagraph is a success and that they
found it easier to take notes therefrom than to report wit-
nesses directlv. i

From Louisiana, where much needed legislation is hoped
for, a correspondent writes : "We are gathering such data
as we can concerning rates and salaries paid elsewhere, as
we believe that some legislation will be introduced at the
coming sesfion of our Legislature affecting stenographic
compensation in this State. The members of the National
Association, in reply to a circular letter, are all giving such
information as they can, for which we are thankful.

Every stenographer interested in tin- literature of his art,
when in Washington, l> C should bj n > means fail to \i>it
the great Congressional Library, ami when there ask tin- priv-
ilege of examining the Shorthand Alcove.. This was the
highly .1 ivor granted our Shorthand Editor re-

cently, and lie found tin- si

atalogue 1 ards of
any <>i inable rates

A recent number of the York, Pa., Despatch says:
"Judge Bittinger called attention to the recent law re-
quiring notice of the filing of the stenographer's notes of
testimony to be given to the parties so that they might have
an opportunity to examine them and except to such parts
thereof as may appear to be erroneous. The judge remarked
that this privilege is practically unnecessary in York County,
because in the Judge's 21 years experience the stenographic
work of Colonel H. C. Demming and his assistants has been
so accurate that the court found no occasion to make any
changes in the transcripts of testimony." Judge Bittinger
is said to be one of the most difficult jurists to report in
Pennsvlvania.

HOW DID YOU DIE?
Did you tackle that trouble that came your way

With a resolute heart and cheerful?
Or hide your face from the light of day

With a craven S"ii! ami fearful? '" -i

Oh, a trouble's a ton or a trouble's an ounce, '

Or a trouble is what you make it,
And it isn't the fact that you're hurt that counts,
But only how did you take it?

You are beaten to earth? Well, well, what's that?

Come up with a smiling face.
It's nothing against you to fall down flat,

But to lie there — that's a disgrace.
The harder you're thrown, why the higher you Bounce,

Be proud of your blackened eye!
It isn't the fact that you're licked that counts;

It's how did you fight, — and why?

And though you be done to the death, what then?

It' you battled the best you could,
If you played your part in the world of men,

Why, the Critic will call it good.
Death comes with a crawl or comes with a pounce,

And whether he's slow or spry.
It isn't the fact that you're dead that counts,

But only how did you die?

— Edmond Vance Cook.

\L&jyy\ o

BUSINESS WRITING

Continuation of the course of lessons especially designed to meet the needs of the bookkeeper, accuntant

and office worker who must accommodate his writing to a minimum of space.

I: . /V ssion oj the II. W. R, ... C Baltimore, Md.

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LESSON FORTY-THREE. ooptmobt ieo».

The " Q" is quite Kke a large figure 2. Make a broad turn in the top and a flat loop on the base line. Do not attempt to join the "Q" to the
letter following, but let it glide under the blue line. Give special attention to the joinings of "ys" in "always" and " cs " in "most".

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LESSON FORTY-FOUR.

Liberal practice on the exercise on the first i:ne wi
dot or small loop, make a broad turn at the top and finish

lid you In acquiring the compound curved Tne used in making " L ". Begin the "I" with a
:h a flat loop on the line exactly like the last part of "Q" in the preceding lesson.

GOVERNMENT TOPOGRAPHERS.

The topographic service of the United States Geological
Survey employs a remarkable lit of men. Engaged in mak-
ing the actual surveys for the great topographic map of the
United States — the map from which all other accurate maps
are made — they must possess a versatility wide in its range
ami useful in its application. It is their task to take a plain
table and a shut of paper, and with these simple instruments
to measure distances and map out elevations in such a way
that the person acquainted witli the topographic map they
make may, upon examining the map, make a correct and ac-
curate mental picture of the region thus plotted.

In this the topographer has to do many things which seem
to be wholly unrelated to the science of measuring and ac-
curately picturing long stretches of landscape. He must he
able to bake biscuits in a frying-pan. for he cannot always
command the services of a cook. lie must be a mountain
climber who can get to the summit of the highest mountains
without a guide; for it is upon such high places as these
that the topographer becomes the monarch of all he surveys,

civilization does not reach and where the topographer must
be absolute in his authority over those under him. He must
know how to doctor a sick man, treat a sick horse, or shoe
a bad mule.

The government topographer must be willing to undergo
many hardships and sometimes to stake his all when the issue
is life or death. For instance, some years ago, a topographer
who was at work on the Yukon River in Alaska decided that
he would go through to the Arctic Ocean, w>ith the hope that
there he might find a delayed whaling vessel and thus get
back to civilization. He knew that if he failed in this, death
would probably be his portion. By one of those strange
chances of life, although he did miss the last whaler, he fell
in with some Indians from Point Barrow, who brought him
down to civilization again. One might tell many stories il-
lustrating the devotion of the government topographer to his
duties.

The tools with which the topographer works in making the
surveys upon which all of the scientific maps of the country
are based, are, as intimated before, extremely simple. His

• •"#■'••'#•'-

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LESSON FORTT-FIVE.

This style of " F " and " T" may seem odd to those who are not accustomed to it, but familiarity with it will, it is believed, prove it to be a
convenient and practical style. Begin just like a large figure 7 and complete it with a compound curve similar to the downward stroke of " L ". Notic
joining between the " 7"" and " F" and the letter following as in " Thomas" and "Friend".

1^1/

LESSON FORTV-SIX.

Practice the reversed rolling motion freely before practicing the "J". Notice that the pen strikes the paper below the blue lin
left curve. The down stroke curves just a little. Make the lines cross at the blue line. Use a free, rotary movement in making the
the second line.

nd makes a I
J" exercise

base of this instrument is a ilat piece of brass, usually about
eighteen inches long, made in such a way as to permit its
use as a straight edge. With this simple instrument the
topographer needs only to know one distance — the length of
a base line— and with this he constructs a network of triangles.
By trigonomic methods he is able to measure the length of
the lines for the remaining two sides of his first triangle, and
each of these in turn serves as the given side of subsequently
constructed triangles.

In this way he is able to compute mathematically the
length A each of his lines and thus to place eacli point in
ils proper position on his plane table sheet. He then reads
tin- landscape as if it were a book, and makes an appropriate
and comprehensive digest of what he sees on his plane table
shei i when lie has finished this he has a map which may
give even 'lie geologist the in formal ion he needs for his work
of surveying. The map he constructs, made on the ground,
becomes the legal map of the United States. The layman
scarcely can imagine what it means to place in a single square
inch the topographic features of two sauare miles : yet this
must be done with an accuracy approaching perfection.

cities and villages, and all of the important rural buildings.
It must outline the wooded area the roads both first and sec-
ond class, and any other notable features of the landscape.
The water features are represented on the map in blue, eleva-
tion in brown, and features constructed by men in black. —
By Frederic J. Haskin in New York Globe.

ARE YOU EDUCATED?

Evidences of an education are correctness and precision in
the use of the mother tongue; refined and gentle manners,
which are the expression oi fixed habits of thought and ac-
tion; the power and habit of reflection: the power of growth;
and efficiency, or the power to do." It will be seen that in the
attainment of the education of which these are the "hxc evi-
dences," reading is but a means, and not at all necessarily the
only or the chief means. Practically all but the first, "correct-
ness and precision in the use of the mother tongue," are in a
sense evidences of character rather than of mental attain-
ment. They involve a distinct, direct, and intelligent exercise

% - % % % % 4 %

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LESSON rriKTV-SETEN.

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The top cf "/"is Just like that of the "/" only not quite so broad. The " /" is complete] at the base lire with a dot similar to the bottom
of " T" or " F". The joining of the capital " I" and the small " t", as given on the second line is a good running exercise to prepare the student to
write words beginning with"/" without lifting the pen.

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LESSON FOHTY-EIGHT.

Make full right curve on the up stroke and a full compound ct
exercise beginning with a capital "S" and then repeating the small

cnn^

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3n the down stroke. The lines should cross
will be found excellent to develop both thes*

letters.

secure them. Even proficiency in the use of the mother
tongue is not to be had from the printed page : it demands
personal association, and particularly it demands, after the
first years of childhood, a certain amount of selective energy.
Whether this will or will not be forthcoming on demand is to
an appreciable extent a question of character, native or ac-
quired. As to all the other evidences, or elements, of an
education. President Butler holds that "knowledge is not
power. Bacon to the contrary notwithstanding, and it can be
made so only by him who possesses the knowledge."
This is a sane and ought to be a fruitful view of education
is can acquire in the way of knowledge, especial-

ly from books, is not of much consequence compared with
what we cannot by any possibility acquire. It is what we can
and will do with the knowledge that we are able to get that
determines its real value to us or to our fellows. Mr.
5 shrewd remark that "you can lead a boy to the
doors of a university .but you can't make him think." is not
necessarily true of all boys or all universities. It is quite
possible that teachers with- the ideas of President Butler
may mightily aid boys, and girls, too, in the happy and essen-
tial art of thinking. And their success is the true measure
of their gift for promoting "an education." — Pr Nicholas
Mi'rrw Butler — Columbia University.

• •# • *

31}? UuBtncaa Journal

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LESSON FORTY-NINE.

Begin "G" with a right curve, let the lines cross just below half the height of the letter and make the sharp point at exactly half the height tt
fhe letter and complete it like the "S". In writing •■Goal" make a clear distinction between "o" and "a".

a/im/imp Q/VWVWP QfUVlfWjy? Q/WWW>

7Fv is is is 1/ v v v v,,7/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ inn/ in/

Ittyu^^jtyLAA^lA' (l^yis^jtSLAA^^As LLlA^14^ -^t^±4^&Vy- LLtA^l4^

VcU

ISUC/ y^lA-

U(yLA^t4^^^U^O-lAyi^^t^^^ UCPlXsU^L/..

LESSON FIFTY.

The compound curve exercise will be found excellent to develop the motion used in making V. U. W. and Y. Make ii with
Mdce turns at the top and bottom. Always make a turn at the bottom of " V". Either style of finishing this letter may be used

[ leoo.
free arm movement-

THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER.

Weather Eccentricities Recorded in 1816 — Frost in June.

The year 1816 was called the year without a summer, says
the Magazine of American History.

As the springtime approached nothing in the weather in-
dicated the return of seed time, much less of harvest. Snows,
ains and cold winds prevailed incessantly, and during
the entire season the sun arose each morning as though in a
cloud of smoke, red and rayless, shedding little light or
warmth and setting at night as behind a thick cloud of vapor,

leaving hardly a trace of its having passed over the face of
the earth. The frost never went off the ground until about
the last of May. The farmers planted their crops, but the
seed would hardly sprout, and when at last it came to the
surface there was not warmth enough to cause anything to
grow. During the month of June young birds were frozen
to death in their nests, and so great was their destruction
that for at least three years after very few birds visited the
colder parts of the northern Slates. The woods and forests
seemed descried by them. Small fruit such as the juneberTJ
ripened and rotted on the trees in the forests because of no
birds to eat them.

Xk^n o

Ultjp UuBtttfBS Journal

NEWS NOTES

E. E. Krantz, who lias for some time been connected with
the Findlay, Ohio, Business College, lias purchased the Fos-
tona. Ohio, Business College, assuming immediate control.
\h I i. nit/ has had the necessary experience to make a suc-
cess of his new venture, and we are sure his many friends in
the profession join with us in wishing him a most prosperous

future.

Chas. F. Schlatter, of State College, Brookings, S. D., has
favored this office with views of the commercial museum and
magazine rack of that school. Sixty different industries are
represented in the museum, each exhibit portraying some
article in tin- various stages from the raw material to the
finished product, and this exhibit has been found of much
assistance for laboratory work. The magazine rack contains
almost all the important trade journals published in this
country, supplying the students with valuable ideas that will
be nf service to them when their course in school is finished.

The 36th annual catalogue of the Bowling Green Business
University, Bowling Green. Ky., which has recently been
issued, has been prepared in a most attractive manner. The
profusi illustrations contained therein give one a reason for
the popularity of this most excellent school. The summer
school for teachers, which i>- now in session, we are informed,
has the largest attendance in the historj of the school.

The 48th annual commencement exercises of the Rider,
Mo,,re & Stewart School, of Trenton. X. J., were held on
June 21st. when a program in keeping with the high standard
of this scbi.nl was rendered. The address of the evening was
delivered by ex-Governor Folk of Missouri, who talked on
the subject. "Era of Conscience." The Trenton Evening
Times of June 18th gave the school an extensive write up,
paying the proprietors and faculty some well deserved com-
pliments.

J, G. Moore, who has recently been connected with tthe
Universitj of 1 'alias, has taken a position with Heald's Busi-
ness < ollege, San Jose, Cal. He will serve in the capacity
of special penman and commercial teacher. Mr. Moore is
well qualified for the position, and we arc confident that a
verj successful future lies before him.

In asking us to change bis address. T. \\ . Ovens, of Potts-
ville, Pa., states be is spending several weeks at West To-
ronto, Canada, and i> enjoying the outing by going in quest
of some of the "finny tribe." f< ir which the Canadian streams
.in so noted. Oh, that all might close shop for a few weeks
and hie themselves to the woods and recuperate from the past
year's cares '

Wood's Kings County Business School, of Brooklyn, X. Y.,
will move into its spacious new home at Broadway and
M,nv\ Wenue on August 1st. Owing to the notable success
tihat this school has attained, it was found necessary to seek
larger quarters. In the new building they will have 7,000
square feet of floor space at their disposal, and this should
insure ample room for all. We sincerely hope that the
change in location will result in raising the already large
attendance of the sdhool.

James S. Oxford, of Kobe, Japan, advises he has taken
charge of the penmanship class in the Kwansei Gakuin, a
foreign school of a standard college grade, as it makes a
gpet i.iln of the literary, theological and commercial depart-
ments. Mr. Oxford has rendered excellent services in train-
ing the Japanese students under his charge.

C \ Bittighofer, who for ,the past three years has been
connected with Drake College. Jersey City, N. J., has ac-
cepted a position with the Easton I Pa I, School ol I
where lie will take charge of the shorthand department. Mr.
Bittighofer is a thorough master of the Gregg system, and
we are confident will fill his new position in a very satisfac-
tion- manner.

At the commencement exercises of the Childs Business Col-
lege, Providence. R. I., the graduating class expressed their
esteem of the proprietors of the school, C. H. and E. E.
Childs. by presenting them with silver loving cups. During
the exercises an exhibition was given of speed tests on the
typewriter, a gold medal being awarded the fastest operator
on the Remington machine and a silver cup to the champion
of the school.

After several months' hard work, the committee that has
had m charge the preparing of the constitution and by-laws
of the National League of Business Educators, has completed
its work, and copies are now bring sent out. The committee's
efforts have been very successful, and the work reflects much
credit on the personnel of the committee. Members of the
League who have seen copies of the report speak highly of it,
and state it meets with their entire approval. Those who are
interested in the subject may secure full information by ad-
dressing O. A. Hoffman. President, at 228 Third Street,
Milwaukee. Wis.

Parke Schock, who foi the past three years has been head
of the commercial department of the William Penn High
School for Girls, Philadelphia, has accepted a position with
the West Philadelphia High School, acting as principal. He
has a reputation of doing things and doing them well, and
there is no doubt he will organize and maintain a very suc-
cessful school. The commercial will be an important depart-
ment in the school, as is the case in a number of high schools
which arc now being planned for that city. It marks a new
era in high school administration that is abroad in tnis
country. Mr. Schock' s former position will be filled by
Arthur J. Meredith, who has been bead of the commercial
department in the State Normal School at Salem, Mass.

The Waterbury (Conn.) Business College has been fortu-
nate in securing the services of J. C. White to take charge of
the shorthand department, succeeding Miss Pryor, who takes
a position with Simmons College, Boston, Mass. Mr. White
has been connected with Elliott's College, Toronto. Canada,
and was recognized as one of the best shorthand teachers
in Canada.

We note by a recent letter from the Xational Business
College, Roanoke. Va., that a partner has been taken into the
business, the letter being signed "E. M. Coulter & Son." We
have not heard yet whether the son will act as an active or a
silent partner, but as he was born only a month ago, we
presume be will soon make his wants known. Congratula-
tions, Mr. and Mrs. Coulter!

E. D. Parkinson, who has been in charge of the commercial
department of the Fisher Business College, Somerville, Mass,
has taken a position with the Quincy. Mass., High School.

F. L. Mark, of Heffley Institute. Brooklyn. X. Y., seemingly
not content with only the cares of a business school on his
hands, is assuming the duties of the mayor at Fryeburg, Me.,
where iic is spending a few weeks in search of a little recrea-
tion. Fryeburg was the birth place of Daniel Webster, and
we presume Mr. Mark is endeavoring to ascertain if a few
weeks' vacation in that city will endow him with the same
great wisdom that characterized the noted statesman.

In a note received from Fred. Berkman, who has been
connected with the Lincoln Business College. Lincoln, Xebr.,
for several year*, he states lie has accepted a position with
the Northwestern Business College. Spokane, Wash. We are
sure Mr. Berkman's many friends in the profession wish him
every success in bis new po

■T. P. XumBrunmn. who has had charge of the commercial
department in the Gainesville Vcademy, Gainesville, Ga., has
severed his connections with that school and has taken a
position with the Southern Commercial School, Charleston,
S. C.

»##>♦

She iBustnraa Journal

C. W. D. Coffin, the genial representatn e of the American
Book Company, will spend his vacation in Nova Scotia, leaving
for that point on July 10th.

MOVEMENTS OF THE TEACHERS.

D. C. Sapp. of the Georgia Normal College, Douglas. Ga..
is with the Santa Ana.. Calif., Commercial College.

J. Oscar Winger, a Zanerian student, is to teach in the
Meridith Business College, Zanesville, Ohio.

C. M. Paynter, Wilmington, Del., is the new teacher in the
Churchman Business College, Easton, Pa.

D. Frank Watson, of Temple University, Philadelphia, has
heen engaged for the commercial work in the West High
School. Rochester, X. Y.

Arthur H. Seibel follows F. A. Miller in the commercial
department of St. Paul's College, St. Paul Park, Minn .

II (,u> Wood will he the pioneer in commercial work at
Wasatch Academy. Mt. Pleasant. Utah. Mr. Wood is com-
pleting a course in the State Normal School at Greeley. Col..
Mrs Anna Ford is the new commercial teacher in the
Xewport. R. !.. High School.

Miss Rosella Highland, of Erie. Pa., has been engaged by
the Edinboro. Pa.. State Normal School.

Miss Ethel H. Dow, of Salem. Mass., has just been added
to the staff of the Medford, Mass.. High School.

Miss Mary L. Adam-. Somerville; Ma-s.. goes to the Con-
necticut Business College. Middletown. Conn., as an assistant
commercial teacher.

D. M. Bryant, of Santa Rosa. Calif., is a new teacher in
Wilder's Business College. Colorado Springs. Colorado.

\l \ Conner, of the Fisher Business College. Winter Hill,
Mass.. is the new man in charge of commercial work at the
Rutland. \"t.. High School

Miss Anna G. Newman, of the Albany, X. V.. Business
College, will have charge of commercial branches in the
Oneida, X. Y.. High School.

Arthur S. Gill, of Washburn, 111., is teaching in the com-
merical department of the high school and supervising pen-
manship at Keokuk, [owa.

Mrs. Blanche E. Cooper, of Idaho Falls. Idaho, goes to the
Bremerton. Wash., High School.

I G Vlley, Lyon, Mass.. has charge of the commercial work
and is assistant principal of the Stoneham, Mass.. High
School.

Miss Frances S. Roberts, of Ackley, Iowa, is the new super-
visor of writing in the public schools of Lincoln. Neb.

E. G. Miller, last year supervisor of penmanship in the
Omaha public schools, has just accepted a splendid position
a- supervisor of penmanship in the public schools of Greater
Pittsburg.

I I Whrtmore, for several years with Strayer's Business
i ollege, Washington, I >. C, goes to the Albany Business
< 'olleee.

Miss Helen Bruce. York. Me.. High School, is to be an
assistant in the Middletown. Conn. High School.

Miss Mabel Eiseman, of Punxsutawney, Pa., will teach

shorthand in the Cumberland. Md.. Business College.

will have charge of the shorthand work in the Concord,

Mass , HikIi School.

John B lri'ts. who his been with the Niagara Falls, N Y,

.... to the Xutley. N. J., High School.
Stanlej 1 Dill, of the Scranton, Pa., Business I

ei i. in I i -111111. 1 1 ial Si hool, Cleveland.
L( tei Tjossem, last year with the lb. lines' Business Col-
lege, Portland 'II teach penmanship and commer-
cial work in one of the Minneapolis high scl Is.

V T. Lamb, Raleigh, X. C, goes to the Creston Business
' i . -• .n i

W. W. Arn r. of the Nevada, Mo.. High School, is added
to tin- staff of the West Des Moines High School.

Hortense Church, who has had charge of the typewriting
department in the Kagan School. Union Hill. X. J., is a mem-
ber of the faculty of the Rhode Island Commercial School,
Providence,

Raymond l G I fellow, Fulton, X. Y.. will have charge

of the commercial work this \ear in Colb} Academy, Xew
London, X 11.

John Fritz, a graduate! of Johns Hopkins University, ha;
accepted a position with the Nutley, X J., Hig

C. 1'.. Edgeworth, who has been connected with the Xorth
Hampton, Pa., Township High School, has taken a
with the Holyoke, Mass.. High School.

OUR CAPACITY FOR WORK.

What is the secret of work' Of course, there must be a
secret process that some men know and other men don't
know, tor. otherwise, how are we to account for the fact that
one kind of men get so much more done than the other kind?

It is possible that your thoughts may have gone awandenng
in this direction, especially if you ever sat down to think why
it i- that you have been unable to make your way in the world
with the facility shown b\ some other fellow. You know him
well — perhaps you went to school together, and he wasn't
noted for being a particularly bright pupil — vet, when the
commencement daj exercises were at an end. and he stepped
out into the battlefield of real life, he began to show a re-
markable aptitude for work. It amazed you to see how hard
he could work, and how much he succeeded in accomplishing
in a brief period of time !

There are men who seem to have a tremendous capacity for
work. You meet them in the commercial world, and you read
about them in the newspapers. Edison, for example, is -.i"l
to be able to perform miraculous feats, and he is but one of
many. What is the secret?" How can the art be acquired?
You would like to know ?

We'l. it is so simple a matter that it really is no secret at
all. What there is to know about it can be found in those
very remarkable letters that Lord Chesterfield wrote to his
son. "There is time enough for everything in the course of a
day if you do but one thing at a time." he wrote, "but there
is not time enough m a year if you try to do two things at
once."

Here we have the whole truth in a nutshell. It is not a
question of inherent ability — this success in accomplishing
things — it is simply a matter of concentration and system

Studj the work of tin nexl successful man you meet, and
see if the rule does not hold true. It isn't the kind of
energy that a man generates that makes the distinction be-
tween success and failure: it is the way in which he uses that
cilery. To wm means concentration of the energy; let the
energy he dissipated over many things anil failure becomes a
certainty.

I suppose that everj human being has been guilty of wast-
ing time, but some waste a great deal more than others In-
stead of making each moment count when he is at his desk
or in the work-hop. he lets his thoughts KO wool-gathering,
with the result that at the close of the day he has all too
-li.w tor the time that he has spent— presumably at
his work.

\s every one of us works In habit, these bad habits — like
idling the tunc awa\ or trying to do two ,,r three tl

one time mighl easilj have been corrected in the beginning
As the years pass, however, and the habit gets fixed more and
more freeh upon us, it becomes prettx hard to break away
from it. but break we can if we really desire to dp

How may this !„■ done? In what waj may we inert i
capacity for oroduction I Ini of the business maea
cent!) laid down a rule which, if followed painstakinrlv,
would be certain to accomplish the result desired Here it is:

' Each day lay out for yourself a little more work tl

ii can do: then work as though there was not going
to he am to-morrow."

Perfectly simple, is il not! \r\6 you can wager that it will
work If you follow this rule, and do .,, conscientiously,
vou iv, || find before you know it -that you are in the class
with the men who are noted for their stupendous capacity —

Grab \m Hood in Neva I

Z/e/no o

iEljr 1Bu9inpa3 Journal

III

PROOF OF HANDWRITING.

Bj Albert S. < Isborn.

More than one victim of a fraudulent writing has found
to his utter consternation that in all courts in numerous
state-, and certain courts in all the states, such a paper could
not be proven to be what it is bj bringing in genuine writ-
ings with winch it might he compared. He is amazed to
learn that no genuine writings whatever can he used for
the purpose. To one who has ihcen trained to take up a
question in a practical, business-like way and who is unfa-
miliar with legal history, this restriction seems like a vicious
practice invented to defeat justice and for the benefit of the
dishonest, hut it is not: it is an entirely respectable but
curious inheritance from the past.

England ended the old practice by statute fifty-seven years
years ago; New York in 1880, Pennsylvania in is'.ic, passed
a similar statute, and New Jersey and numerous other lead-
ing states have in the same manner but recently set aside
tins strange rule of law. In Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ohio,
Kan -as and a lew other states — let it be said to their credit
— the courts themselves have changed the practice. But in
criminal cases in the federal courts throughout the whole
country and in all courts in a number of states the old
middle-age practice continues and standards of comparison,
no matter how essential nor how well proved, cannot be
introduced for the purpose of comparison. This unfortunate
old practice is still continued by the great states of Michigan,
Indiana and Illinois.

Thousands of civil and criminal cases are constantly aris-
ing from writings of various kinds and very frequently
writing becomes of the utmost importance as evidence, and.
if such writings cannot be proved, as is often the case
under the old rules, the case may be lost by those in the
right. Many such cases involving writings never get into
court at all for the reason that it is well known that it is
often impossible to prove the fact under the rules in force.
For this reason alone. United States attorneys are compelled
to abandon many cases.

Unfortunately, handwriting testimony often is weak and
unconvincing, but it need not be where standards are ad-
mitted and where the rules permit the facts to be shown
Some courts, still under the influence of the old practice,
surround the subject with so many restrictions that it is
easier for those against the facts to conceal the truth than
it is for those on the right side to prove the facts. With
an intelligent witness, a competent attorney, a good case,
and a day in court, the facts in a handwriting case can usual-
Iv be clearly shown. F.xpcrt testimony regarding documents
differs in fact from nearly all other expert testimony in
the very thing in dispute is actually before the court and
jury in tangible form. The purpose of testimony in such a
case is simply to assist the jury, judge, or referee to dis-
cover the existing fact.

Necessarily under the old procedure, in many, if not
most cases, proof of handwriting is weak ami unconvinc-
ing, and the old books and decisions are full of the most
severe criticisms of this class of testimony. Under the
present mixed practice in this country occasion for such
criticism still continues and sonic of the decisions of only
yesterday contain strictures on handwriting testimony be-
cause of the old decisions and for the reason that the rules
of evidence of 170(1 are still in the decisions and in mind
if not in force

Troof of handwriting has had a curious history in Fne-
lish and American law that still has a distinct and important
influence on ncarlv all discussions "i the subject. As is well
known, two methods of proving handwriting were finally
developed. The first or oldest method of proof is through

the bare opinions of those who in legal phrase are said
to "know the handwriting." This old common-law practice
holds that anyone "knows a handwriting" who has seen the
person write — no matter when, after looking at the disputed
writing alone, whether it is genuine or not genuine.

After a long and severe struggle the second and later
method of proof was developed in English and American
law. The steps of this second method are first the securing
of proved, genuine writings, nearest in time and kind to
the writing it is sought to prove, and then asking compe-
tent witnesses to make a careful side-by-side study and com-
parison of the two, extending over as much time as is nee-
essary, with a view of determining whether or not the writing
in question is genuine. Such witnesses are asked to give
an opinion on the subject, but what is more important, are
also usually asked, and always should be asked, to give the
reasons for their opinions and thus assist the court and
jury in finally determining the fact. The jurors also make
the comparison and are thus themselves able in some measure
to weigh all the testimony on the subject.

As Kogers, the law writer says, both of these methods of
proof are necessarily methods of comparison ; one is a
comparison of the writing in question, by the witness alone,
with a memory of what he may have seen only casually
many years before, the other is the method by which practi-
cal and scientific investigation proceeds in any field or in-
quiry to discover identity or to show difference. The com-
parative accuracy and value of the two methods of- investi-
gation and proof would seem to be self-evident unless this
subject is an exceptional one in all the varied fields of study
and research. It all writings of the one whose writing is
in question were lost or recollection alone would be necessary
and justifiable, but under no other conditions.

What seems stranger still in connection with the subject,
the old books, and some not so old, contain long arguments
seeking to show that direct comparison as described in act-
ually dangerous and undesirable. Very early in the nine-
teenth century Starkic in his valuable work on evidence at-
tacked this old error, but the rule in England, as stated, was
not changed till 1S54, and then only by statute. The prece-
dents were all against it. Starkie said very plainly :

It took more than a generation for England to be con-
vinced of this palpable fact, and Illinois is not yet convinced
It seems impossible that anyone would actually urge that
the evidence of our eyes, with all the time, instruments and
materials necessary to make a study and comparison of a
writing, is not so reliable as the comparison of a disputed
writing with our intangible memory of the "general char-
acter" of the writing as "seen" some previous time or times,
but such arguments actually are in the books and are still
made. It docs not appear, however, that any argument has
ever been made that such a method of examination and proof
would be desirable and actually preferable with any other
tangible thing under heaven except handwriting.

The -Id discussions of the subject seem to imply that there
was some mystery about handwriting that prevented all
analysis and entirely baffled description. Something was fre-
quently referred to as "general character." that apparently
could not be described and could only be recognized in some
mysterious or occult way. and it was the presence or absence
of this intangible something that entirely governed opinion
on the subject. Such arguments were, in short, that "general
character" was the best and safest guide in reaching a
conclusion.

Tn the comparison of writings where both are free, un-
disguised specimens and neither a simulation or tracing of
any other writing, general appearance may be relied upon,
but only under such conditions. The skilled and experienced

£51}? SuatttfHH Journal

examiner of disputed writings, not only does not depend
wholly <m such general appearance, but constantly endeavors
to avoid being led into error by depending upon it alone,
knowing that two writings may superficially appear to be
much alike that are fundamentally different, and that mere
general appearance may be changed and materially affected
by many changing conditions.

The whole discussion of the subject of handwriting com-
parison in the books and opinions even up to the present
time is much clouded, distorted and colored by the old prac-
tices and precedents, and even to-day arguments are made
practically based on the old presumption that "comparison
of hands" of any kind is unlawful and dangerous.

It is well known in the states that have made the change,
the modern practice of admitting standards was adopted for
the reason that under the old rules justice often could be
easily defeated, and certainly it requires no argument to prove
that the testimony of recollection witnesses called to prove
a disputed handwriting is often, from a technical standpoint,
entirely worthless. Such testimony may. however, be of dis-
tinct moral value, if such witnesses are reputable men who
know the facts of the case and know the contending parties
as their testimony is, in effect, practical advice to the jury
a- to how the controversy ought to be decided. Such wit-
nesses often are in effect simply additional jurymen; but if
they disagree, then their testimony, which is a bare opinion,
is of no value. It is not unusual to see tottering old men
and women brought into court to testify regarding a disputed
signature who. because of defective sight, can hardly get the
papers right side up. A ten-year-old school boy could forge a
signature so they could not detect it and such technical testi-
mony from such a witness would be ridiculous if it were not
sanctioned by long and dignified usage and if it was not
presented, as already stated, for its moral effect instead of
its actual technical value.

It is certainly a ridiculous assumption for the law to say
that because one man saw another write long years before,
perhaps only his name, that this transitory view qualifies such
spectator in any technical way to gi\e an opinion as to the
handwriting of the one whose handwriting was so seen. Any
sensible man knows that reliable knowledge is not gained in
this way. With the disputed writing before him and suitable
standards for comparison, a competent juryman, after onlj a
few minutes' attention to the subject, is much better qualified
to give an opinion than such a witness. Conditions have,
perhaps, made the practice of calling such witnesses neces-
sary, and it is unobjectionable where handwriting is not dis-
guised nor disputed, but there should be no confusion as to
the comparative technical value of such testimony in connec-
tion with the proof of a disputed writing. If writing is not
disputed, then its proof is a mere form.

On the subject of proof of handwriting, the American and
English Encyclopaedia of La'w well says:

It is well understood by those who have had experience
that evidence on this subject by a competent witness on the
right side of a good case is often, as abovi stated, of very
great force and, in fact, reaches that degree of proof that is
properly described as moral certainty. Unfortunately, it is
al-o true that such evidence may be of such a weak and
haracter, or ma) be surrounded by such restricting
and unfavorable conditions, that its presentation in a court
of law is a farce, and the degree of proof so reached is, in
fact, of the very lowest presumption. Many who testify on
the subject, called bj tin law "experts," are really not, and do
not pretend to be experts, and opinions by such witnesses
may have very little weight.

When a legal inquiry regarding a questioned writing is
taken up in a practical, common-sense way, without prejudice

and with certain of these old notion- brushed aside, justice
prevails in a large majority of cases. One competent witness
in such a case who points out, illustrates, and interprets the
facts will prevail against a cloud of incompetent or corrupt
witnesses who simply give opinions and seek to distort or hide
the truth. This is true because, unlike most expert testi-
mony, a tangible thing is being examined that can be seen,
illustrated and actually handled, and competent testimony re-
garding it conies under that class of evidence where seeing is
believing, if the thing to be: seen is permitted by the rules
and the court to be shown in a proper manner and is so
shown.

It is a common but mistaken idea that there is often, if not
usually, a conflict of handwriting testimony in cases where
experienced specialists testify regarding the many phases of
the subject. This is not the fact. An actual canvass of un-
selected, consecutive cases shows that there is such conflict
in less than one case in ten. So-called "eye-witness
nioin is conflicting nearly if not quite a- often as this. The
usual answer to really effective testimony regarding questioned
doctuments where the subject is properly presented, is not
opposing tcstimom but violent argument and especially an
appeal to old. old cases, the circumstance- of which are not
given, where such testimony has been commended upon in
an unfavorable manner.

Two things would do much to bring ab mt reform in the
use of this class of testimony. First, let the United States
courts and all the states still acting under the old practice,
adopt wise rules admitting proved standards of comparison.
Second, let the appellate courts of the several states recognize
and designate in an official way, and preferabl) bj unanimous
decision, certain qualified and honest men who may be called
upon to act for the state, or for the court, when such ques-
tions arise and especially where there is a conflict of such
testimony. This last named change would not exclude other
witnesses, and. no doubt, would not correct all the abuses,
but it would lessen some of them. It is very easy anywhere
for a lawyer to find out what expert witnesses to get if he is
on the right side of a good case and he also will he able to
learn who to get if he is probably on the wrong side. Let the
courts find this out, which they can easily do. and by their
careful!} considered recognition give a certificate not only of
competency but, what is more important, a certificate of char-
acter to the honest and qualified men. even if they cannot
brand with a scarlet letter the liars and the incompetents.

OLD CYRUS SIMONS.
By A. F. Sheldon, in "The Business Philosopher.''

There may have been a Cyrus Simons. I don't know. But
Herbert Kaufmann in one of his great inspirational editorials
uses him to drive home several lessons, and I really cannot
see why I should not do the same.

It is said that Cyrus never paid a man his first week's
wages without putting into bis pay em elope a little card upon
which appeared these rules:

Rule One — Don't lie— it wastes my time and yours. I'm sure
to catch you in the end and that's the wrong end.

Rule Two— Watch your work, not the clock. A long day's
work makes a long day short and a day's short work makes
my face long.

Rule Three— Give me more than I expect and I'll pay you
more than you expect. I can't afford to increase your pay il
you don't increase mv profits.

Rule Four — Von owe so much to yourself that you can't
honestly owe anybody else. Keep out of debt or keep out of
my shops.

Rule Five— Dishonesty is never an accident.

Xtesnn o

Slip Sosmpafl Journal

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS.

The people of the United States have from the first had an
almost pathetic faith in the efficacy of education. The foun-
dation of common schools and of a college were almost
coeval with the English settlement on the coast of Now
England, and as the new lands beyond the Alleghany Moun-
tains were occupied, generous areas were set aside so that
by their sale free education might he assured for all time.
The taxpayers are liberal with their money, and free schools
are open to youth throughout all the Republic.

In every State ample provision is made for elementary
and secondary education, and in most of the States the higher
education is in like manner placed within reach of the entire
community. When the fortune of war placed the Philippine
Islands under the guardianship of the United States one of
the first undertakings of the new Government was to provide
on a large scale for popular schools.

Education, we have held, is the first necessity of a free
people, and is the right of every child. Many a family has
lived with close economy in order that the children might
be educated, and many a father has felt that if he could
give his sons and daughters the benefit of good schools he
would do better for them than to leave them a fortune.

This devotion to education is in itself reasonable. A
democracy is unlit for political power if not intelligent. An
individual is better equipped for the struggle of life if he is
trained for it. Ignorance and incompetence are foredoomed
to failure. The alert mind stored with knowledge has a fair
chance for success. Education, then, is the imperative need
of a democratic society, and is a powerful aid to the energies
of youth.

But, after all, there is no magic in mere education It is
not education of any kind which is worth its cost, and neither
is education in itself an active agency which will produce its
results merely by its own innate efficacy.

The education offered by school and college is merely an
opportunity. The school does not say, "Come here and let
me educate you " It says rather, "Come here and obtain an
education if you will." Books, laboratories, teachers, are so
many means which the youth may use or not — 'which he may
use so as to get all they have to offer, or only so as to get a
bare minimum of benefit.

The social surroundings which are an essential part of
school or college life may have very great educational value
But this same social education, on the other hand, may be so
unwisely managed by the student that he gets from it little
of real worth. He may get mere harm. In short, we offer
to the thronging thousands in our educational institutions not
an education, but a chance to get an education.

More than this, the forms and conditions of education and
their relation to society are constantly changing. We have
no right to asume that what has once been tested and found
good will be permanent. It is a plain duty to be constantly
on the watch, to "try all things, prove all things," to be sure
that the inevitable inertia which accompanies educational
methods and which is the besetting sin of teachers is not
keeping our schools from being alive to progress. Nothing is
too good for American education, and if anywhere in the
world something is done better than we do it we should
know, and we should promptly adopt whatever is worth
while We should have the 'best.

Among students standards of school work are too low.
The tendency is to do the minimum amount of work which
will permit one to stay in school. The obvious way of meet-
ing this tendency is to make the minimum so much higher
that only those who are really doing serious things can get
the benefit of what our schools cost the public. It is not fair
to use the money provided by taxation or by the beneficence
of the generous to provide a life or interesting leisure for

Too many boys and girls are in school who might much
better be actively engaged in the shop, the counting house,
or the home. It is almost whimsical to hear one talk of
"leaving school and going to work." But that is just what
many students might do with advantage to themselves and to
the community. Those who do not care to avail themselves
of the opportunities so lavishly provided for their schooling
should not have those opportunities forced upon them. Col-
lege hie has a peculiar charm. But that charm is not its main
purpose, and those only are entitled to it who really earn it
by serious attention to serious things.

Again, too much education is aimless. Liberal culture is
highly valuable, but much educational folly goes by the name
of culture. The great mass of those in our schools should not
merely aim at general intelligence, but more definitely should
fit themselves to be efficient in some particular thing. The
common criticism of those who have passed through our
public schools or colleges is that they are incompetent ; that
what they know they do not know accurately, and that they
cannot apply their knowledge.

So far as this criticism is well founded — and one cannot
doubt that there is some justification for it — it must come in
part from the low standard of scholarship which is per-
mitted, and in part from the fact that the student often does
not realize that what he is learning has any definite applica-
tion outside the classroom,

Three things at least we should expect as the result of the
education whether of school or of college — intelligence,
efficiency, integrity.

Knowledge, the possession of which is the essence of in-
telligence, educational institutions of all grades seek to im-
part as one of their essential aims. "Knowledge is power,"
is a trifle maxim, but it is true. There is a vast difference
between one who knows and one who does not know ; be-
tween a community which is intelligent and one which is
ignorant. But after all the most valuable knowledge does not
consist in having at command a great mass of facts, so much
as in knowing how to get facts at need. There is a limit to
the mind's capacity for retaining facts.

But if one knows how to find promptly the facts which
any given exingency demands, he in so far has knowledge at
command. Here lies the benefit of any school study. The
student learns the essential facts, let us say, of a given
period of history. He cannot retain all of these in his mind
Some he will hold tenaciously, the main things perhaps he
will not forget. But if at some time later he wishes to know
the precise facts in this field, or in some similar field, he
can with facility go to the right source and promptly gather
up what he needs. A good lawyer will carry many precedents
and judicial opinions in his mind, especially such as he may
use frequently. But when need serves he at once knows
how to set to work to gather up what he must have for his
case.

Intelligence implies not only knowledge but also good
judgment in its use. An ignorant person cannot well grasp
new information, but still more important is it that he can-
not judge accurately of the bearing of one set of facts on an-
other. He has no just sense of proportion. Small things
may look to him large, and large things small. He lacks
the good judgment of an intelligent mind.

Efficiency in the application of knowledge, facility for do-
ing things accurately, is one of the choice fruits of a sound
education. Here, as has been said, much of our schooling is
tested and found wanting. There is too little practice for
rapidity and accuracy in many of our schools. When a given
• piece of knowledge has once been acquired it should be un-
derstood that with that a mere beginning has been made
What can be done with it? is the next question.

Such practice takes time and effort. But this is a better

She luBittPas Journal

voted to the study of some new subject. We talk of thor-
oughness in study. Nothing so conduces to thoroughness as
just such practice in applications; indeed, there is no thor-
oughness without such practice.

A marksman does not become skilled merely by being
shown the technique of rifle practice, nor can one become
a good golf player by learning the theory of play, bach
must practice, practice, practice. The piano and the violin
one can learn to use well only in like manner. Ihe same
principles precisely apply to any branch of knowledge. Our
schools need in all education to take a leaf from the ex-
perience of musicians and athletes.

But no education is worth while unless one has learned how
to live with his fellow men, and that implies integrity in all
dealings. Crookedness in the classroom and on the athletic
field are a form of miseducation. In business and in public
affairs there is no more vital need than that of absolute
honesty. What is not obtained fairly one has no business to
have at all. This lesson at least should be learned in every
course of education; it is of more worth than any of the
prizes of endeavor. If our schools and colleges fail here
there is a fatal lack. If our educated young men and women
can learn unswerving integrity we can well be patient with
many other shortcomings.

The content of a course of study is of little importance if
at the end of it we may be sure that there has come from
it a body of youth who are intelligent, who are efficient,
who are instinctively and unswervingly honest. — Harry
Pratt Judson, President Chicago University.

PAUPERISM AND CRIME ANNUALLY COST 6
BILLIONS.

This county -pcnds $o,OUU,UOU,OUU annually on the criminal,
pauper and vicious classic, and the annual increase of wealth
l- only $5,000,000,000 Does not that look as if the public were
bankrupt?"

This statement was made in a lecture by Dr. Uiarles J.
Bushnell, who is conducting a model public playground here.
He i- a graduate of Holdelberg University ami an authority
on civic matters. Dr. Bushnell has the support of the leading
citizens of Washington in his work.

Dr. Bushnell's figures are taken, he says, from authoritative
sources and represent \cars of careful Study. He challenges

e io disprove their accuracy. He and his wife have
Special Stud) of what the) call the "social illness" of
the United States. Continuing, Dr. Bushnell said

"\\li\. the $6,000,000,000 that this nation spends every year
.,n us criminal cases equals the amount spent on all churches,
public libraries, the Young Men's Christian Association, the
n Army, public hospitals, asylums for the insam and
all benevolent institutions The average factory hand earns
$440 a year, while it is estimated that the average criminal
costs the public at least $1,200 a year.

"Disease as a result ot" vicious habits is on the increase;
are increasini is fast as the population, and

three time- a- last, insanit) i- also increasin- faster
than the population. We are manning and killing in accidents
resulting from our industrial enterprises a- man) persons as
were killed in an average year of the civil war, the Phil-
ippine war ami the Japanese-Russian war combined In other
we are practicall) carrying on these three wars all the
time Vnd these deaths In accidents, clue to our fast com-
merical spirit, are from two to nine tunes as numerous as

-miliar deaths m Europe, where esperts have shown that

three-quarters of such accidents are preventable We are
living entirel) too

"We hie 1,000,000 paimers in this country, and 10,000,000

,, . on thi i aggi 'I edge of pauperism."
Dr. Bushnell endear >red to show narticularly the need ol
work to offset the growing evils i mditions in the

il3 3 per cent of our popula-

- i or more inhabitants, whi

live in cities of this elass. and in the East and
Northeast the percentage is much higher even than that.

"I believe," he said, "that more and more people will move
to our I. I io will he dm to the availabilit) of fac-

,u.l the smaller need of men on the farms.
.'.i irk is being done more and more by machinery."

PAY! PAY! PAY PAY !

When an old negro saw a camel for the first time in his
life he gazed awhile at its absurd hump and alisurder face, as
it munched straw in the circus tent. and. turning away, de-
clared, "They sure hain't no sech thing!"

The next time you think you see a gift, the next time you
fancy you have got something for nothing, you will do well
to repeat the darky's remark, for "they sure hain't no sech
thing."

No mortal man ever got anything he did not pay for.
If you do not pay in one way yi u pa) in another; if not
by the labor of your hands, then by the misery of youl
mind; if not in money, then in service; if not in service, then
in humiliation.

The cheapest and most satisfactorj way to get anything is
to pay cash.

Father Abraham, head nf the Jewish race, was wise with
the shrewdness of that keen-eyed people. When he was re-
turning from an expedition in which he had overtaken and
punished certain thieves that had been preying upon honest
farmer-, one of his neightbors met him and oflered him a
present. But Abraham was long-headed, and replied, "1 have
lifted up my hand to heaven and sworn that I will take-
nothing that is thine, lest thou shouldst say, 1 have made
Abraham rich."

No man is rich enough or poor enough to assume an obli-
gation he is not able, glad and prepared to discharge in full.
An unpaid obligation corrodes the self-respect and loosens the
chords of character.

There is really no such thing as a gift. Everything must
be paid for, drop for drop, ounce for ounce, somehow, some
time. When you are threatened with a donation, legacy or
anything for which you are to pay nothing — run!

When you see a man you envy, who has automobiles and
diamonds, wonder within yourself how much they have
him. Then go home, examine your own stores of health,
manhood, love, and clean conscience, and ask yourself, "Have
I anything to sell?"

For you must pay. pay, pay! Nothing is gratis. Not even
Nature gives. Nature never cancels a debt. You may think
you have evaded her. but you are mi-taken. No man was
evtr clever enough. Take your nights of dissipation; you
may have alcoholic buzzing joys and all the other vivid
pleasures of excess; Nature will sell you anything you a-k ;
but may the Lord help VOU when you come to settle up!

1 sometimes think the entire credit system, at least as far
as personal and household expenses are concerned, is the
proud, peculiar invention of the Old Nick. How much
downright suffering, famil) quarrels, lying, agony, and gen-
eral ruination has been caused b) buying things without the
instant, immediate pain of counting out the money for them'
Put it down in your hook-: A benefactor is a nuisance
The rich uncle's name is Bane. The "angel" is an angel
of darkness. The greate-t curse to a church is the rich
brother who pays all the deficits.

Pay as \ ..ii go; ami if Mai can't pay, don't go.
The man who gives honest employment to a hundred work
ers will sit higher up in heaven that the man who feeds a
hundred beggars, For the begging business, whether for
individuals or for institutions, is vicious, B) I >n Frank
Crane, .V. )'. Globe.

Here i- a definition of health which is distinctly
while It was written 1 >\ Di S. J i rumbine, secretary of

the Kansas State hoard of health, who has also written some
clever and common sense epigrams

This i- tin- definitii n

Health is the most de-ire. 1 of earthly blessings When

finally lost it cannot be pinch. .-..1 by uncounted millions, re-
stored by the alienist, or returned by the pulpit.

Xteyry\ o

(Ulje Suatttfaa Journal

VII

ETIQUETTE OF THE DEPARTMENT STORE.

NE does not need to have had a particularly
wide experience in order to have discovered
that the code of etiquette which governs the
employes in the average department store, in
their treatment of buyers differs materially
trom tne one which is recognized elsewhere.

One never ceases to he surprised at the lack of interest
manifested by the average store proprietor in the deport-
ment of salespeople toward those who visit his counters
Indeed, there are many large firms that spare neither money
nor pains in attracting trade, hut are oblivious to the fact
that their employes are systematically driving it away.

Let us note at the outset this surprising fact: Insolence
on the part of salespeople i- quite as common in the pre-
tentious shops as it is in those of lower grade. 1 have in
mind a great department store in one of the cities of the
middle west of which one often hears something like this:
"I never go to that store when 1 can find what 1 want
elsewhere." The house manages to hold trade by carrying
at all times a well-selected Stock, hut its salespeople show
goods ungraciously and, when a sale is not made, they are
positively insulting.

A lady who was a frequent buyer at that store was pilot-
ing through the suit department a friend who had just
moved to the city. As the) walked quietly through one of
the aisles a "princess" with a near-gold pompadour and an
exaggerated train rustled up to them and asked them sus-
piciousl) if they wanted anything. When they informed
her that they were not buyers the pompadoured person made
no effort to conceal her displeasure. Turning to a group
women, who had been -taring at the party, she said
in a tone intended for the visitors: "Dressmakets taking
note-."

Several years ago I witnessed in a large store in one of
our northern cities this scene: A convention was in progress
in the city and a number of the delegati s. distinguishable by
their badges, were shopping in the -tore in question. With
several of them before her counter waiting to he served,
one of the saleswomen called to the girl at the next counter:

"Had any of the convention people?" ,

"N es, have j on ?"

"No, and I don't want any. They're all cheap skates "

The business men of the city had contributed generously
for the purpose of bringing the convention to the cit) and
had taken great pains to make their store-, attractive to
the delegate-. One of them at lea-! nm-t have been dis-
appointed because he did not profit by the presence of -o
man) strangers in the city.

A common department store habit which .would he con
sidered impertinence elsewhere, i- that of asking the shop-
per unnecessary questions before goods are shown to him
While it would undoubtedly help the salesman if he knew
the price-limit in the mind of tin customer, there i- some-
thing offensive about the question, "How much did you
expect to pay?"

\ ni. in went into a ~tore to buy a pair of gloves for his
wife "I want a pair of ladies' twohutton. black kid glove-,

si/e -is and a half, to cost about two dollars," he said, con-
gratulating himself on having included in his request all
the information on that that was necessar) But no! The
girl looked at him loftily, ami then snapped:

"Who do you want them for'"

"1 want them for my wife." he said meekly. "She is
twenty-seven years old and white."

The habit of contradicting customers and of attempting
to set them right in the matter of pronunciation is as com-
mon as it is offensive I once aroused the ire of a sales-
woman because I refused to accept her declaration that dark,

A woman paused at the trimming counter in a department
store and asked the price of what she supposed to be fancy
beltings. The saleswoman made no movement toward show-
ing the goods, but merely answered with a bored look:

"Those are not beltings."

The lady hesitated. She wanted some of the trimming,
but she had not the courage to further attempt to claim
the attention of the person behind the counter.

Another woman saw in a show-window a blue-enameled
pin and went inside to ask the price of it. A tray of the
pins in various colors was set before her. She informed the
young girl behind the counter that it was the blue alone
that she wanted.

"There ain't any."

"But 1 saw one in the window."

"No, you didn't. They don't come in blue."

In this instance the customer was not to be brow-beaten.
She continued to look through the pins until she found
what she wanted, much to the displeasure of her saleslady-
ship.

Sometimes the shopper can afford to be amused over the
remarkable information that is thrust upon him. Once, in
a large store. 1 inquired at the stationery department for
blank book-. Just as the young woman in charge finished
telling me that the) had none, 1 noted a pile of the books on
the counter.

"Here they are." I said, supposing that the girl had over-
looked them. The young woman gave me a withering
glance.

Salespeople, and their name is legion, who make dispar-
aging remarks about persons who have just- quitted their
counters, give people who hear them the impression that
they will be similarly "roasted" as soon as their backs are
turned It i- no uncommon thing to hear a saleswoman mut-
tering angrily as she replaces goods that have failed to please.
Such salespeople may intimidate some into buying what
they do not want, but they also make them wary about visit-
ing that store again.

It may be said that all of the best stores have rules
which touch all the kinds of discourtesy cited in this article,
vet these rules are manifestly insufficient. Personally, 1 have
witnessed some of the rankest discourtesy in stores where
such rules were conspicuously posted.

Neither managers nor floor-walkers seem to have been
able to meet the situation. Buyers may be requested to
report the discourteous behaviour of employees, but not one
per-on in live hundred will do so. The average person will
merelv avoid the store and advise others to do the -ame
\'o' bouse really knows what it is doing until it has un-
mistakable ami personal knowledge of this vitally important
part of the business. The wise man will, if need be. have
reliable persons shopping frequently in ever) part of the
store to find out bow customers are being treated.

No house can have a more valuable "drawing card" than
that of sale-people with whom the public likes to trade.—
Modern Methods.

Carl C Marshall, of Cedar Rapids, la., met with a irerj
painful accident on June S.I, a. Colorado Springs Colo
which re-. died ... a -everc injury to his ankle. Mr Marshall
spent a week ,., that cits resting up, but on rcsun
labors he found that his ankle would not stand the strain, and
was obliged to go to fudge Merc) Hospital, at Salt Lake i ity

Utah for treatment. In a letter received from him he states
bis ankle is improving slowl) and that be will be obliged to
use crutches for perhaps a month after leaving the hospital
Mr. Marshall had planned on attending the convention al
Spokane, and his smilling face was missed b\ all Ins old
friends in attendance there, and we are -tire they join with us
in wishing Mi Marshall a speedy recovery from the misfor-

VIII

tEhp UttHtneaa Journal

THE GLASS INDUSTRY.

The recent discovery of an enormous new lied of glass sand
in Arkansas, believed to be practically inexhaustible in ex-
tent, has given considerable impetus to the already thriving
glass industries of that state. This sand vein, said to have a
uniform thickness of at least twenty-live feet, has been sub-
mitted to severest tests and its quality proves to be 99 per
cent, pure silicon — so that the production of glass of the
highest grade is assured. Extensive new sand fields have
been opened up during the last year in Tennessee, which, it
is claimed, will give to that state nearly a million acres of
glass sand fields, most of which is of exceptional quality.

Such discoveries as these, together with the new mechanical
methods which Yankee ingenuity is using to supply many of
the old processes, bid fair to make glass manufacturing one
of the leading industries of this country within a few years.
Each year increases the demand for American glass in for-
eign countries and lessens the need of importing foreign glass
products for American use. There is no finer art glass pro-
duced in the world than now can be manufactured in the
United States. The secrets so carefully guarded by the old
glass makers seem to have been rediscovered — or better for-
mulas have been substituted for them — so that American glass
factories can turn out vases, bottles, and other articles having
the characteristics of the ancient Saracen. Persian, Syrian, or
Phoenician glasses or the more modern Bohemian glassware.

Glass-making is believed to have been discovered by the
Egyptians as early as 3,500 years before Christ. It was first
used as a glaze for decorating tiles, figurines, and other articles.
It was used as a substance about 1.500 B. C, and was plenti-
ful in the time of the Romans, who used it extensively for
making toilet articles as well as for objects of personal adorn-
ment. They carried it into all of the countries which were
visited by their soldiers. Pliny, writing before his death in
A. D. 79, says of the contemporary artists: "They carve glass
more exquisitely than silver.'' The Romans used glass, not
only for household utensils and ornaments, but also incor-
porated it into their mural mosaics and in the tessellated
pavements of their floors.

Glass-making was one of the earliest industries in America.
One of the first glass factories was established at Manheim,
in Lancaster County, Pa., and between the years 1761 and
1774 it was under the direction of Baron William Henry
Stiegel of Germany The products of this factory were of
recognized merit, a/id Stiegel glass nowadays is much prized
by collectors.

Stiegel glass was shipped from Philadelphia to Boston in
large quantities, which accounts for the number of pieces to
be found in New England by the antique collectors of the
present.

Glass was extensively manufactured at Pittsbuigh at a very
early date. The sand was gathered in the river valleys, hauled
to the rivers, loaded on flatboats and floated in to Pittsburgh.
Window glass was made extensively here. Sandwich, Mass.,
also was the seat of early glass industries

Glass making was originally a handicraft pure and simple,
requiring little machinery and few tools. The skilled glass
blower needed only one or two unskilled assistants to clean
his blow pipes. Later moulds were introduced to aid the
blower 111 shaping his articles. Still later mechanical devices
were used, which pressed the simpler articles into shape with-
out the need of a blow pipe. 7iually machines were produced
which actually blew glass. These began to be used in 1895.
and the first ones dispensed with the blower as such, but still
required the skilled glass maker to feed the machine and
opi rate the pressing and blowing levers. In 1898 an automatic
bottle blowing machine began to be used. This required
-killed machinists, but no glass blowers of the old type. Since
then many other machines have almost done away with the
need of baud work in ordinary glass manufacture and the
output of glass has been multiplied because of the ever in-
ng demand for new articles made of glass.

In Europe several uses for glass have been discovered which

are not yet recognized in America. There are glass telegraph
poll in use ill Frankfort. Germany, which it is believed will

e popular iii other parts of the world. The glass mass

used in the manufacture of these poles is strengthened by the
utilization of strings of steel wire in their composition It
aid that in tropical climates glass telegraph poles will be
oi value because they are impervious to inserts, while in other
climates they will have tin advantage of not being affected
by changes in the weathei

Another new use for glass, which it is believe. 1 will even-
tuallv become practical, is the making of glass bricks for
pavement Thej have alreadj been tested in Lyons, France,
where they were used in paving some suburban sections, but

the* result has nol been satisfactory because they chipped at
the edges and sometimes split through their full length. It is
believed, however, that a means will be devised to render
glass bricks more durable.

Glass water pipes are in use in Europe. They are covered
with asphalt to make them more durable, and it is claimed
that they possess many qualities that make them superior to
clay and iron.

The increase in the use of electric light is making increas-
ing demands upon the glass trade. Last year there were
manufactured in the United States 11,738,798 dozen electric
light globes and bulbs of different kinds, and this year the
number will be much greater. This docs not lessen the num-
ber of lamps in use. On the contrary, the demands for lamps
is greater than ever before — because the modern farmer does
not go to bed with the sun.

Bottle making is one of the most important features of
glass manufacture. The bottle industry is so important that
in one report of the glass-making industry recently made by
the commissioner of labor, there were 107 factories of the
170 visited devoted exclusively to the manufacture of bottles
and small jars. The production of tumblers of different
kinds also is enormous. There were 11,687,036 dozen jelly
tumblers and goblets made in this country last year, besides
9,182,060 dozen blown tumblers and other bar goods. — By
Frederic J. IIaskix in New Yuri; (//<//>.*.

THE HOUSE BY THE SIDE OF THE ROAD.

There are hermit souls that live withdrawn

In the peace of their self Content;
There are souls, like stars, that dwell apart,

In a fellowless firmament;
There are pioneer souls that blaze their path-

Where highways never ran; — ■
But let me live by the side of the road

And be a friend to man.

Let me live in a house by the side of the road,

Where the race of men go by —
The men who are good and the men who are bad,

As good and as bad as I
1 would not sit in the scorner's seat,

Or hurl the cynic's ban; —
Let me live in a house by the side of the road

And be a friend to man.

I see from my house by the side of the road,

By the side of the highway of life,
The men who press with the ardor of hope,

The men who are faint with the strife.
But 1 turn not away from their smiles nor their tears —

Both parts of an infinite plan; —
Let me live in my house by the side of the road

And be a friend to man.

1 know there are brook-gladdened meadows ahead,

And mountains of wearisome height;
That the road passes on through the long afternoon

And stretches awaj to the night.
But still I rejoice when the travelers rejoice,

And weep with the strangers that moan,
Nor live iii my house by the side of the road

lake a man who dw< lis alone

Let me live in my house by the side of the road

\\ here the race of men go by
They are good, they are bad, they are weak, they are
strong,

Wise, foolish - so am I.
Then why should 1 sit in the scorner's seat

Or hurl the cj nic's ban? —
Let me live in my house by the side of the road

And be a friend to man.

— Sam Walter Foss.

Xifjym o

SI]? Husinpsa Hournal

SOME REMARKABLE CHINESE PROVERBS.

l)r. William Edward Geil's "Eighteen Capitals of China,"
recently published by the J. B. Lippincott Company, presents
Ihe novel feature of page headlines giving the Chinese text
and the more ur less literal translation of a great many
proverbs and epigrammatic phrases not generally known on
this side of the earth. Mr. Geil says: "Local proverbs in
themselves have never been brought together on our scale;
and to choose from a mass of new material which would till
three volumes has been a difficult task." From the sture of
in dom, philosophy and wit thus accumulated by Dr. Geil we
make the following selection:

When you arc very angry, don't go to law; when you are
very hungry, don't make verses.

Man is a small heaven.

To know a man's heart listen to his words.

With money a Chinaman is proud.

A bully does not owe debts.

Pla\ music in front of a cow.

Change your old nature or you'll be up a tree.

An avaricious heart is like a snake trying to swallow an
elephant.

\ "ii can crush people with the weight of the tongue.

Peace in a thatched hut — that is happiness.

A boat straightens when it gets to a bridge.

A thief has as much talent as a first honor man.

Burying one in the snow won't last.

A stout cat is surely a thief.

A deaf priest can hear a hen emu.

Even a beggar will not cross a rotten bridge.

A iter a typhoon there are pears to gather.

Let the duck dress to kill, tlat forever stays her bill.

i ill-, words, but a knife heart.

A good drum does not need a heavy stick.

Xo needle has a point at both ends.

The hunted tiger leaps the wall.

Everything fears the earnest man
\ big chicken does not eat small rice.

A woman's heart is like a needle at the bottom of the sea;
you may look as much as you like, but you'll never find it.

A stone Hon doesn't tear the rain.

I i begin the study of music at eighty years of age is
rather too late.

When you gallop on the city wall it's hard to hide the
burs.'- tracks.

A man must heat his own drum and paddle his own canoe.

When a cat sleeps with a rat. death is well in sight.

A rat's eyes can see but an inch of light.

A blind cat catches only a dead rat.

Xo matter how safe you bide the egg the chicken will
hatch.

Great wealth comes from fortune, small wealth comes from
diligence.

\ clever man understands a nod.

\ goi d boy does not put on line clothes, a good girl does
in ■! "i . |. i sin i\\ 5

I he tupid thief stops his cars when stealing a bell.

To warn men against wine show them a drunken man.
\n ape maj si) on a throne.

A blind man carrying a looking glass

Poor by condition, rich by ambition.

Good medicine is bitter to the taste.

Plan the whole year in the spring.

A thin horse has long hair.

If the distance from nose to lip be one inch he will live
one hundred J ears

The monej maker is never weary; the weary man never

makes monej

A wick is not a substitute for a walking stick.
You can't play a fiddle behind your back.
(hi the I astern mountain tigers eat men; on the western
mountain tigers eat men too.
Even a tile will turn souk- day.

Even the Mind open their eyes I like saucers') at money.
It costs no strength to watch other labor.
Ii one branch will not move the whole tree will not wave
Buy once with cash rather than ten times on credit.
I lie la ) use a long thread: the Stupid a crooked needle.
The load cannot carry the ass.
Blame xmir-eli first, then othi
The dumb can tell when they have eaten.
A snake cannot creep without a head.
Man's mouth is but two bits of skin
Painted water has no wind.
You 'in': eat h it broth in a hurry or hear a story on

THE PITMAN CENTENARY. 1913.
Sir Isaac Pitman, known the world over as the inventor
of the system bearing his name and which has been adapted
to twentj different languages, was born on January 4, 1813,
and it is proposed during January, 1913, to celebrate in some
fitting manner the centenary of the distinguished English-
man's birth. Sir Thomas Crosby. Mayor of London, himself
an Isaac Pitman writer, and a large number of influential
men in the United Kingdom are interested
in this movement. In this country a move
ment has been inaugurated b\ the Isaac
Putmian Shorthand \\ ritens' Association
of America with the object of holding a
celebration in New York and mam emi-
nent men have signified their willingness
to co-operate in making the celebration a
success. Among a large number who have
already sanctioned their names to be use. I
are: President Hadlev of Yale Univers-
ity. Governor Woodrow Wilson. Hro-
fessorBrander Matthews, Hon. George B. Cortelyou, Dr. Ed-
ward L. Stevens. Associate City Superintendent of Schools.
New York. Dr. Frank Rollins, Prin. Bushwick High School,
Dr. A. H. MacKay, Superintendent of Education, Nova
Scotia, Dr. William Wiener. Principal of Xewark Commer-
cial and Manual Training High School. Dr. William II Max
well. City Superintendent of Schools. New York, Dr C N
Jordan. Superintendent of Schools, Minneapolis, Minn. Dr
Edward 1.. Wertheim, Educational Director. Wesl Side Y.
M. C. A.. Xew York.

Further particulars in regard to the celebration can he ob-
tained from Robert \. Kells, Sec'j Isaac Pitman Shorthand

Writers' Association of America, 14.1 West 125th Street,
Xew York.

MECHANISM IN THE WATCH.
Material Used and Operations Comprised in Its Manu-
facture.
From the Scientific American.

Few pieces of machinery show more marvelous features
than that of the watch. As a general proposition it may be
stated that a watch is the smallest, most delicate instrument
of the same number of parts that has ever been devised,
About 1T5 different pieces of material enter into its construc-
tion and upward of 2,400 separate operations are comprised
in its manufacture.

Certain of the facts connected with its performanci are al-
most incredible when considered as a while A blacksmith
strikes several hundred blows on his anvil in a day and as a
matter of course is glad when Sunday comes, but the roller
jewel of a watch makes every day — and day after day —
•j:!-',!!!]!! impacts against the fork or 157,680,000 blows during
the course of a year without stop or rest — or some 3,153,600,
000 blows during the space of twenty ytars, the period for
which a watch is Usually guaranteed to keep good time.

But the wonder of it does not cease here. It has been
calculated that the power that moves the watch is equivalent
to only four times the force used in a Ilea's jump. The watch
power is therefore what might be termed the equivalent of a
four flea-power. One horse-power would suffice to operate
870,000,000 watches.

Furthermore the balance wheel of a watch is moved by
this four flea-power 1.43 inches with each vibration, or
3,55834 miles continuously in one year.

Xot much oil is required to lubricate the little machine on
its 3,500 mile run. It takes only one-tenth of a drop of oil
to oil the entire machinery for a year's service.

HYMENAL.
On Tuesday. July 2nd. 1912, occurred the marriage of
Ralph H. Flickinger ami Miss Sylvia Gilbert at Philadelphia,
Pa. Mr. Flickinger is the only «,„, ,,f if. W. Flickinger.
For the past several years he has occupied a confidential posi-
tion with the Baldwin Locomotive Works. After Oct
Mr and Mrs Flickinger will make their home at Glenolden,
Pa., and we understand II. W. Flickinger will reside with his

aljc fBuBtnraa Journal

HOW STEEL PENS ARE MADE.

se of pens from metal dates at the beginning
of tlie last century. Previous -to that, the
goose-quill reigned triumphant, and it was no
small tax upon the skill and patience of the ordi-
nary scribbler to keep his pen in trim and run-
Then a good pen-knife meant something,
anil in the selection of a quill, every goose was not
eligible to authorship. When the steel pen was first intro-
duced, about the year 1800, its form was cylindrical, in imita-
tion of a quill, but it was stiff and hard, and not suited to the
paper then in use. Besides, it was high in price, costing at
tirst half a crown, and then a six-pence, English money. It
was not, therefore, till 1820, when Joseph Gillott, who was
an extensive dealer in pens, conceived the idea of giving
them three slits instead of one, which increased their flex-
ibility and removed their disagreeable scratching qualities,
that any great encouragement was given for their manu-
facture. From that time their use became more and more
general, until now, through added improvements and the use
of machinery, the production is enormous and the demand is
commensurate with the supply. The number of pens made
yearly in England and in this country now reach into the
billions. In 1821 Gillott sold his pens for £2 -Id per gross
which are now sold for 2s per gross, one pen then costing as
much as 804 now. Gold pens with iridium points
will have their friends among the few, as does the ancient
goose-quill, but for the mass of people, the -teel pen, in all
its numberless varieties, adapted to different kinds of work
and the peculiarities of different individuals, appears for the
present at least to have come to stay When something better
appears the public will soon find it out and not be slow to
adopt it. Thus far steel has proven to be the best material.
That used in the manufacture of pens is made from the best
quality of iron and is prepared for that purpose in sheets.
These sheets being brightened by a bath in sulphuric acid
are cut in strips of various widths, varying from one to two
inches, according to the kind of pens to be made. These strips

are rendered Of the proper thickness bj being passed through
a rolling null and then put through a cutting machine which
punches OUt the pieces which form the body of the pen. These
pieces are as if the pen was Rattened out and without any
slits. These blanks are passed through a succession of oper-
ations, each conducted bj a different person. By the tirst
process the blanks are fed one by one into a machine which
makes the two side -lit si. next into a similar machine which
punches out the center bole. By this time the metal having
become hard and brittle, a large quantity are enclosed in an
iron box and annealed by heating them in a tire which softens
them. In the fourth process, by means of a press, the name
of the maker and the number of the pen are put on. As a
fifth process, ornamental work is sonic time- stamped on the
pens. The sixth process is that of raising the pen, or giving
it its rounded form as we know it. which is done by placing
the flat blank under a sinker in a pre-s, which force- it into
a cavity underneath of the form which the pen is intended
to take. The seventh process is to harden the pens b) beating
them and throwing them into red hot oil. By the eighth
process they are tempered to give them the proper degree of
hardness and elasticity. In the ninth operation they are
thoroughly scoured and cleansed. The tenth and eleventh
process gives them two grinding- by two different persons
The twelfth step is the most important and critical of all,
as on it depends the value of the pens. The cutting i- done
in a machine with two chisels, one fixed to a table and the
other coming down with a lever, the two being so adjusted as
to pass each other. The operator hold- the pen lengthwise
on the fixed chisel, and bringing down the lever, makes the
slit. By two more operations the pens are made to take
their color over a charcoal lire, and are then varnished with
a mixture of lac and naphtha. The pens are now finished
and packed in boxes, ready for their mis-ion, having passed
through fifteen stages of manipulation. The above are essen-
tially the processes employed in all factories, but of course
are sometimes varied in small particulars to adapt them to the
changing requirements of the public and for the purpose of
setting forth the manufacture in some new light.

A set of Capitals from the pen of W. P. Steinhaeuser, Asbury Park, N J.

»«%%»%*

m'qt Uubwphh Jlauntal

EXPRESSION.

"What do you do when you are preaching and can't think
of anything to say.-" asked a Hedgling of his pastor.

"i just holler," was the answer of the experienced exhorter.

With half a million preachers in the United States with
families to keep on an average salary of $300 one cannot
blame them for "hollerin';" neither can one censure editors
who have to fill three columns each day if they often "holler."
As an economist one might advise a man to "holler," but as
a lover of literature one cannot conscientiously do so.

A certain clerical gentleman, being much before the public,
is often called upon unexpectedly to reduce moral calculi.
Being a man of force and not a man of power he never says,
"1 do not know," but always boldlj faces the problem after
this manner: "My friends, this subject naturally divides itself

ander three heads — Firstly" Here he states some general

commonplace for the first head and casts about in his mind
for the other two; having found them, he launches forth with
much emphasis on some other theme and carries all before
him. His swashing and maritial manner makes him every-
where a great success; he is considered one of the most pow-
erful men in his denomination.

A painstaking show of system is one of the first essentials
in making a favorable impression. We are like the Hebrew
salesman who called on a firm who occupied a sixth floor and
who on startim; to show his samples, was promptly kicked
down -lairs Having arrived at the first landing, a second
man took him in hand and kicked him one flight further;
this was continued until his battered form reached the side-
walk, when be picked himself up and admirably exclaimed,
"Mein Gott! vot a system!" So when a rhetorician flashes his
"■heads" and "divisions" and syllogisms and analyses and fig-
ures (that do not lie) upon us, we are so lost in bedazzled
admiration that we can only lift up our hands and say,
"What a system!"

G 1 work never comes from the effort to be "clear" or

"forceful" or "elegant." Clear to whom, forsooth? And as
for force, it has no more place in letters than has speed.

Power in Art there surely is, but power is quite a different
thing from force. Power is that quality by which change is
wrought; it means potentially, potency. The artist uses only
a fraction of bis power and works bis changes by the powder
that never explodes; while force means movement, action,
exertion, violence, Compulsion.

Literature is largely the result of feeling. The "hustler" is
a man of force: very, verj seldom is he a man of power;
still rarer it is that he is a man of feeling. The verj id. a of
force precludes tender sensibility and delicate emotion. if
one were to write on a scrap of paper, "Hate is death, but
love i- lite." and dr< p the slip into the street, there might be
power in the words, but surely no force.

And as for elegance, let him who attempts it leave all hope
behind: he is already damned. The elegance of an ait must
spring unconsciously from tin- gracious soul within. There is
no formula. It is not attained by "attempting."

In letters "clearness'' should be left to the maker of direc-
tories, "force" to the auctioneer and "elegance" to the young
man who presides at the button counter. An instructor in a
commercial "college" might advise that in business corres-
pondence there should !'■ clearness and force and elegance;

but a professor of literature and oratory would not smother
inspiration in a formula. Cultivate the heart and intellect and
allow nature to do the rest For while it is still a mooted
; whether a man's offspring after the flesh are hi irs
to his mental and spiritual qualities, it is very sure that the
children of bis brain are partakers m whatsoever virtue his
soul possesses.
The teacher who teaches best is not he who insists on our

memorizing rules, but he who produci S ill the pupil a pleasur-
able animation, We learn only in times of joy and in tunes
oi grief. 1 lie teacher who can give his pupils pleasure in their
work sliall be crowned with laurel, but griet — grief is the un-
welcome gilt of the gods

Let the writer have a clear conception and then express it
so it is at the moment clear to his other self — tliat sell tnat
looks on over the shoulder of e\ery man, endorsing or cen-
suring his every act and thought and deed, 'the highest re-
ward of good work consists in the approbation of this other
self, and m that alone; even though the world flouts it all,
you have not failed.

"i know what pleasure is," said Stevenson, "for I have
done good work.' — New York Evening Telegram.

THE DEBT HABIT.

How often do you meet a man who, having fallen into debt,
is willing to admit that it is himself who is responsible for
his financial misfortune You can name plenty of people who
are willing enough to take all the credit for their own suc-
cess. Hub one of these persons a "self-made man" and note
how he will swell with pride at the compliment, yet under
less favorable conditions were you to call him a "self-made
failure" you would find yourself in trouble in a minute.

As a matter of fact, one title would be as true as the other.
We are self-made in that we hold the shaping of our own
destiny largely within our own hands. Circumstances over
which we find it difficult to exercise much control may inter-
vene, and so make it doubly hard for us to attain the goal
on which we have centered our ambition; yet, so far as we
have any knowledge to the contrary, there is no obstacle pos-
sible to human progress that cannot be overcome by one who
will tackle the job of overcoming in the right way.

Accordingly, if you have made a half decent success out of
life there is no reason why you should not feel a reasonable
amount of pride in the achievement. You know— and the rest
of us ought to be able to guess — that this success of yours
represents a lot of hard work. Those who have mountains
to climb are obliged to exert themselves. It is easy en
roll down hill — all you need is a clear path ahead — but I have
yet to hear of any one who ever made an ascent without
deliberate effort on his own part. Favorable winds may come
and may help you by making the climbing easier, but that is
all that we have the right to hope for. When there is hard
work to be done we must stand ready to do it ourselves.

It is in this connection thai success assumes the aspect of a
habit. W'e get into the habit of making good, just as we
acquire the habit of neglecting our opportunities to do good
work \ man who wants to slight the task that i- entrusted
to him can usually do so — at least, for a considerable length
of time. Of course, finally he will get caught and put out of
the running for a while, but for a time be can deceive those
who employ him by making them think that he is an accom-
plished worker instead of an accomplished dodger of work.

And tins matter of habit extends to everything wi do We
do not realize this, because we are not experts at self analysis.
but when we begin to study psychology and apply its laws to
our own thoughts and actions the result is a revelation. All
of a sudden we disc iver that the things which we believed to
be deliberate acts were in reality habitual acts — acts that we
perform by habit It is by habit that we get out of bid on the
same side; by habit that we dress in a certain manner; by
habit that we order our breakfast: by habit that we select our
road to the work shop or office. Indeed, were we to make a
list of the things that we do by habit.it would jim;c us to
see how far we really come from being "free" beinc's For
this abridgement of our freedom, however, we alone are
guilty. It is we ourselves who -elect the bonds with which we
bind our freedom — Graham Hood, in New York Globe.

XII

Shp Huauwss Journal

FRIVOLOUS STUFF TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS.

Heresies are not harmful, if they are sincerely expressed
and discriminatingly received. Hence the following article:

Considerable has been recently written by educational ex-
perts regarding the failure of our educational methods to
meet life's requirements and opportunities. Results are recog-
nized as not commensurate with expenditures of money, time
and appliance.

Students come out of our schools well equipped with di-
plomas, hut only imperfectly adjusted to the world in which
they are to live and do their work. Training has not suc-
ceeded in introducing them either to themselves or to the
general life of the times in which their own life ought to
form a part.

Pupils in our common schools are fitted to enter the next
grade, but the teacher is not thinking much about "fitting"
those pupils to live and to do man's and woman's work. As
much as that the school superintendent is not expecting oi
his teachers. That is not part of the "system."

The teacher has done all that is wanted of her, and all that
she is paid for doing, if at the end of the year, the members
of her school can "pass" and be promoted to the class next
higher. Lessons are learned only that the learner may be
able to recite them. Schooling of that sort is only another
name for cramming, and cramming what is in books is not
education any more than stuffing what is on the dinner table
is health and growth.

This is too simple to need saying, but is so common as to
require rebuking. Lessons should be learned, of course, but
if they are learned with no remoter purpose than to be able
to stand up and tell them to the teacher when the recitation
hour has arrived little more is done for the pupil, so far
as the grand purpose of education is concerned, than is done
for a sponge by the alternating process of soaking it and
wringing it out.

What is learned under those circumstances does not re-
main long in the pupil's mind, and accomplishes next to
nothing while it does remain.

It has been well said by President King, of Oberlin, "that
it is not to be forgotten that it is time and some real sense
of leisure and opportunity to take in the full significance of
one's studies, and to knit them up with the rest of one'i
thinking and living — it is just these things that distinguish
real education from cramming."

There is an amount of fine, almost frivolous technicality
adopted, for example, in instructing in the common English
branches that, so far as concerns 95 per cent, of our com-
mon school pupils, is utterly unrelated to the needs of life.
They fill the mind with intellectual sand too arid to support
mental vegetation and so dusty as to stifle mental respiration.

One of the greatest hindrances to the success of common
school education is the amount of time spent in school. I
would call the present system — considered with reference to
the number of years that a boy is tied down to his books—
an ingenious device for the benumbing of youthful intell-
igence.

The writer of this article attended school but two terms,
before he was twelve years old, and was at work most of the
time between them and when he was eighteen. Just thii
abstinence from school opportunity induced mental hunger,
and there is great difference in its effect upon the pupil be-
tween truth offered to the eager mind as food and the same
truth administering to the reluctant mind as physic.

(The amount of time spent in the study of geography ,for
instance, is suicidal, in the sense that it subtracts from life
months and years that might otherwise be devoted to useful

All that is needed for the general purposes of living and
acting is a broad survey of the world, tilled in with an intell-
igently limited number of details pertaining to our own
country, and more and more limited as one recedes from
the United States in the direction of Paris, St Petersburg
and Hong Kong.

To fill months and years with a mass of particulars that
will be mostly forgotten as soon as learned, and neither ser-
viceable nor useful the little time they are remembered, not
only does not educate, but impairs one's capacity for edu-
cation.

Under such conditions truancy is almost a symptom of
genius.

It makes me tired even now to recall my weariness in at-
tempting to memorize the physical aspects of South America
and to keep the plains of Argentina, the mountains of Peru
and the waters of the Amazon from becoming mixed.

Three hours of pleasant perusal of an entertaining volume
of travel covering those countries would not only have saved
me from hating the whole science of physical geography, but
wvjuld have put me in easy possession of all the essential
facts, and in a way, too, that I should have remembered.
What I know to-day about South America I have learned
since I left school.

There is a way of gaining knowledge that invigorates the
brain, and another way that wears it out. Much the same
criticism could be passed upon school methods of teaching
English grammar — an implement of torture that has had
quite the same effect upon tens of thousands of youthful
dispositions that used to be wrought upon the bodies of the
martyrs by the diabolic ingenuity of the Spanish inquisitioa

It should be said that what has been written in this column
is not the product of theorizing, but is a statement of what
has been personally learned by experience as a school teacher,
and will perhaps, farther on, be supplemented by some sug-
gestions a little more constructive in their intent. — C. H
Pakkhurst, in New York Journal.

FAILURE.
By Cora M. W. Greenleaf.

He's a failure" Perhaps; the Lord only knows

The victors and failures apart.
It is not the surroundings of either that show-,

But the record engraved on the heart.
On the heart! Hid away from the eyes of the world

Are wounds and disfiguring scars.
There are virtues and sins intermingled and curled

With ambitions that aim at the stars.

A failure? Not he who keeps faith with himself,

Tho' his coat may he seedy and gray:
\\h., values his honor above the world's pell

Thro' the strain and the stress of the day.
A failure?" Not he who has courage to rise

And face the mistakes he has made —
To make a new -tart on the failure thai lies

In his path, toiling on unafraid.

No one is a failure, who dares to" come back

With persistence ami grit rt> k.
And live down mistakes, no matter how black —

Facing derision and -corn.
When things are made even, and All is made plain —

When all that is hidden is revealed —
We may learn that some failures have not been in vain,

And know why so much is concealed.

—A*, r. World

j,fe^n o

% t % "♦•* *

®hr Sufi'mrsa Journal

XIII

COMPETITION OR EMULATION.

When an ambitious young man from the "provinces" signi-
fied his intention of coming to Peoria and earning an honest
living, he was encouraged by the Bishop of Agnosticism with
the assurance that he would find no competition.

Personally, speaking for my single self, I should say that
no man is in so dangerous a position as he who has no com-
petition in well doing. Competition is not only the life of
trade, but of everything else. There have been times when I
have thought that I had no competition in truth telling, ana
then to prevent complacency I entered into competition with
myself and wrote another article for the American.

The natural concentration of business concerns in one line,
in one locality, suggests the advantages that accrue from
attrition and propinquity.

Everybody is stirred to increased endeavor; everybody
knows the schemes which will tiot work, for elimination is a
great factor in success , the knowledge that one has is the
acquirement of all.

Good wrestlers will meet only good wrestlers. And so in a
match of wit rivals outclassed go unnoticed, and there is al-
ways an effort to go the adversary one better.

Our socialist comrades tell us that "emulation" is the bette!
word and that "competition" will have to go. The fact is
that the thing itself will ever remain the same; what you call
it matters little. We have, however, shifted the battle from
the physical to the mental or psychic plane. But it is com-
petition still, and the reason competition will remain is because
it is beautiful, beneficent and right.

It i ^ the desire to excell.

Lovers arc always in competition with each other to see
who can love most. The best results are obtained where com-
petition is the most free and most severe — read history.

The orator speaks and the man who rises to reply should
have something to say. If your studio is next door to that
of a great painter you would better get to your easel, and
qui< klv, too.

The alternating current gives power; only an obstructed
current gives either heat or light; all good things require diffi-
culty. The mutual admiration society is largely given up to
criticism.

Wit i~ progressive. Cheap jokes go with cheap people, but
when Mill are with those of subtle insight, who make close
mental distinctions, you should muzzle your mood, if per-
chance you be a bumpkin

i onversation with good people is progressive, and progres-
sive inversely, usually, where only one sex is present. Excel-
lent people feel the necessity of saying something better than
has been said, otherwise silence is more becoming. He who
launches a commonplace where high thoughts prevail, is quick-
ly labelled as one who is with the yesterdays that lighted
fools a-down their way to dusty death.

Genius has always come in groups, because groups produce
the friction that generates light. Competition with fools is
not bail -fools teach the imbecility of repeating their per-
formances. A man learns from this one. and that; he lops
off absurdity, strengthens here and bolsters there, until in
his soul there grows up an ideal, wdiich he materializes in
Stone or bronze, on canvas, by spoken word, or with the
twenty odd little symbols of admus.

Greece had her group when the wit of Aristophanes sought
to overtop the stately lines of Aeschylus ; Praxiteles outdid
Tctinus, and wayside words by Socrates were to outlast them
all.

Rome had her group when all the arts sougbt to rival the
silver speech of Cicero. One art never flourishes alone—
they go together, each man doing the thing he can do best.
All the arts are really one. and this one art i= simply Ex-

pression— the expression of Mind speaking through its high-
est instrument, Man.

Happy is the child born into a family where there is a com-
petition of ideas, and the recurring themes are truth and
love. This problem of education is not so much of a problem
after all. Educated people have educated children and the
receipt for educating your child is this: EDUCATE YOUR-
SELF.— Elbert Hubbard, in Chicago Examiner.

CHIROGRAPHY'S VOICE.

It Speaks with Apparent Confidence, but Xut Always
with Truth.

How envious the mere handwriting expert must be of the
man who can use chirography for the discovery of character
and see through a few ink scrawls into the deepest recesses
of the human soul I Vet the art is simplicity itself. Ml
you need is the power to associate some excellence or per-
versity of penmanship with the human virtue or defect it
seems to resemble, and the trick is done. Thus neglect to
cross the "t" or dot the "1" may be held to show inexactness
— plain disqualification for the work of the statistician! Let-
ters variably or indecisively formed spell weakness of will —
fatal embarrassment to him who would rule himself, his busi-
ness affairs or his fellowmen ! Beware of the candidate for
a position of trust who over-slope;, his "f" or writes his "g"
with an exaggerated loop; let him who would teach take care
how his capitals are formed lest he bring down the whole edi-
fice of pedagogy with a crash. Any career, on the other hand,
is safely open to the individual whose strong down strokes
reveal sturdiness, enterprise, reliability.

And yet neatly penned missives have gone forth from mur-
derers before to-day; many a forger has been known to "write
like a copperplate"; and the most hopelessly abandoned charac-
ter that ever lived, to judge by his handwriting, was Horace
Greeley.

Think of the pranks that have been played by what the
sciences know as the "error of false analogy." All through
they have hail to struggle with the tendency of the mind to
take fancies for realities and choose resemblances when con-
nections were wanted. Nettle-rash was certain to be helped
by nettle-tea because there was something of the nettle
in each. As the scale of pine cones resembles teeth, what
else could lie needed for the soothing of toothache? The
flowers of the euphrasia suggest the pupil of the eye, and
that was sufficient to establish their fame as a remedy for
eye disease. Who does not remember that lung-wort, with
leaves resembling the surfaces of the lungs, had equal prestige
as a cure for chest complaints? Then there was the fashion
of comparing walnuts with the human cranium, with the re-
sult that the husks were regarded as a specific for scalp
wounds, the inner peel for disorders of the dura mater, the
kernel for maladies of the brain.

The same principle runs through all these cases. It is the
putting of fancies based on supposed similarity in the place
of reasoned theories of interaction built up by investigation
We have here the method that preceded science, and the fa-
vorite resort of modern pseudo-science. A long, uninter-
rupted line on your hand is a certain promise of longevity —
because it is "long." Turmeric will cure jaundice — because
it is "yellow." A comet foretells disaster — because comets
and disasters are both "unusual." So the irregular, peculiar,
eccentric characters in handwriting are good or evil portents
according as one is able to label them with the tag of an idea.
Honesty or crookedness, virtue and vice, may all be found
in chirography if only you can distill resemblances from ink
strokes, and weav'e from pothooks and hangers the evidence
which condemns or the testimony that redeems. — Boston
Herald.

■'-''■*

XIV

(Thr luaittpaa Journal

SOMETHING FOR NOTHING.
By Elbert Hubbard.

To give a man something for nothing tends to make the
individual dissatisfied with himself.

Your enemies are the people you have helped.

And when an individual is dissatisfied with himself he ia
dissatisfied with the whole world — and with you.

A man's quarrel with the world is only a quarrel with him-
self. But so strong is this inclination to lay blame elsewhere
and take credit to ourselves that when we are unhappy we say
it is the fault of this woman or that man.

Especially do women attribute their misery to That Man.

And often the trouble is he has given her too much for
nothing.

"1 his truth is a reversible, back-action one, well lubricated
by use, working both ways — as the case may be.

Nobody but a beggar has really definite ideas concerning his
rights.

People who give much — who love much — do not haggle.

That form of affection which drives sharp bargains and
makes demands gets a check on the bank in which there is no
balance.

There is nothing so costly as something you get for noth-
ing.

My friend Tom Lawson, Magnate in Ordinary, of Boston
and the cast side of Wall Street, has recently had a littTe ex-
perience that proves my point.

A sturdy beggarman. a specimen of decayed gentility,
called on Tammas with a hard-luck story and a family Bible
and asked for a small loan on the Good Book.

Tom was melted.

Tom made the loan, but refused the collateral, stating that
he bad no use for it, for Turn is always truthful.

In a few weeks the man came hack, and tried to tell Tom
his hard-luck story concerning the cold ingratitude of "a cruel
world.

Tom said, "Spare me the slow music and the recital. I
have troubles of my own. I need mirth and good cheer — take
this dollar, and peace be with you."

"Peace be multiplied unto thee," said the beggar, and de-
parted.

The next month the man returned, and began to tell Tom
a tale of Cruelty, Injustice and Ingratitude.

Tom was riled — he had his magnate business to attend to,
and he made a remark in italics.

The beggar said, "Mr. Lawson, if you had your business a
little better systemized I would not have to trouble you per-
sonally— why don't you just speak to your cashier?"

And the great man, who once took a party "f friends out
for a tally-ho ride, and through mental habil collected five
cents from each .Sliest, was s, , pleased at the thought of relief
that he pressed the buzzer. The cashier came, and Tom said,
"Put this man Grabheimer on your payroll, give him two dol-
lars now and the same the first of everj month."

Then, turning to the beggarman, Tom said. "Now, get oul
of here— hurry, vamoose, hike1"

"The same to you and main of them," said His Effluvia, po-
litely, and withdrew.

All this happened tv The becgar got his money

regularly for a year, and then in auditing accounts Tom
found the name on the payroll, and as Tom could not remem-
ber how the name gol there, he at firs) thought the payroll
was being stuffed.

Anyway, he ordered the beggar's name stricken off the
roster and the elevator man was instructed to enforce the
edict aeainst stray vagabonds and wandering varlets.

Not being allowed to see his man, the beggar wrote letters
- denunciatory, i tndalous, abusive, threatening. Final!) 'the

beggar laid the matter before an obese limb of the Law,
Jaggers, of the firm of Jaggers & Jaggers, who took the case
on a contingent fee.

The case came to trial, and Jaggers proved his case se
offendendo — argal: It was shown by the defendant's books
that His Bacteria had been on the payroll as advertising
agent and his name had been stricken off without suggestion,
request, cause, reason or fault of his own.

His Crabship proved the contract, and Tom got it in the
mazzard. Judgment for plaintiff, with costs. The beggar g'>t
the money, and the Hon. Thomas W. Lawson got the ex-
perience.

Tom said the man would lose the money, but he himself has
gotten the part that will be his for ninety-nine years.

Surely the spirit of justice does not sleep, and there is a
beneficent and wise Providence that watches over magnates.

"RUBE."

Here's to Rube of the country green.

The scoff of the throbbing town,
The slouching lad with evesight keen

And skin of a healthy brown ;
For he may seem a fool in a foul saloon

Ami raw as the rawest are.
But it's "Rube the Slow" to the front will go

At the first shrill note of war.

It was "Rube" who fought where the sea winds blow

And founded the Xation there.
It was "Rube" who lifted the flag we know

And to Freedom hreathed his prayer.
It was "Rube" who laughed at the whizzing lead,

And answered with deadly aim,
Nor quailed, nor cried when bis comrades died

On the slippery field of Fame.

It was "Rube" who guided the ship of state.

And, guiding her. ofttimes fell ;
Who left bis plough at the call of Fate,

An<l the farm he loved so well.
It was "Rube" who shattered the clanking iron

That fettered the moaning slave,
And spake that free every soul should be

In the home which Freedom gave.

When the homestead lamp is burning bright

It's "Rube" in the corner sits
And ponders the questions of wrong or right

Which puzzles the keenest wits;
And, whether he wins to a Senate chair

Or handles a deadly tube
He'll prove his worth to the whole of earth —

This fellow we've nicknamed "Rube."

— Zeyland Huckfield, From tin- Kansas City Star.

Though the path of life be stormy,

Play the game.
Troubled waters may surround.
Disappointments will confound:
Yet, though heart-aches still abound.

Play the game.

Do you think your life a failure?

Play the game
Discords all the songs you sing.
Lost vour grip on everything.
Have you known keen sorrow's stingi

Play the game.

Friends there be with love unselfish,

Play the game.

B 11- thej . f' 'i' every mile

On the road : so you i an srnjl

I roi they make this life worth while;

Play the game.

j^Ae^n o

i % % % V* *

ullje Suflinfaa Journal

NEW BOOKS.

Civil Service Letters— I nited States Government is the
title of a collection of official communications latelj ptrblished
\i\ The Phonographic Institute Co., Cincinnati. These letteis
are di igned to be of assistance to shorthand writers and
students of phonograph} who arc preparing themselves for
[he Govemmenl service and wish to in themselves to pass the
Civil Service examinations as stenographers. The letters are
genuine specimens of the correspondence that emanates from
the nine departments of the federal government. They are
printed tir-t in Benn Pitman phonograph) (amanuensis style)
and then in fac-simile typewriting. The booklet, which con-
tains fifty-six limn, pages, retails for twenty-five cents. An
examination copy will be mailed to any teacher of shorthand.
or to anv school officer, for twelve cents.

Supplementary Exercises in Isaac Pitman Shorthand; by
\\ L. Mason; published by Isaac Pitman & Sons. Xew York;
48 pp, : price 25 cents.

T'he object of this work is to provide the students of

Pitman's Shorthand with a series of exhaustive exercises on
every rule in the system] in the order in which it occurs in the
i ourse in Isaai Pitman Shorthand. The arrangement is such
as to assist the student not only in mastering thoroughly each
principle as it is reached in the course of his study, but to
acquire, at the same time, a more extensive knowledge of word
forms and outlines than could be obtained from the exercises
in the "Course" alone.

A Shorthand Birthday Book of Dickens' Quotations; pub-
lished by Sir Naac Pitman & Suns. London; price 85 cents.

The frontispiece is a tastefully engraved picture of Charles
Dickens with the dates of his birth and death and a fac-
simile of bis signature. At each opening of the book the left
hand page i- divided into three sections by a colored border,
each section headed by a date of the month, and contained in
thi sections are brief selections from some of Dickens' works
written in Isaac Pitman shorthand; the opposite page is sim-
ilarl) divided, but the spaces are blank, excepting for the
dates, to be used for birthdav memoranda. On the last page
of the book is a li-t of the names of the. different works from
which the quotations are made. It is a beautiful and interest-
ing volume.

Bovkkecping To-day is the title of an interesting pamphlet
issued by the Elliott-Fisher Co., Harrisburg, Pa. It is in-
tended primarily as a means of advertising the merits of the
product of this firm, and the articles dealing on the subject
arc well-written and instructive. Several good business arti-
cles are also included ill each issue. The pamphlet is sent
free to those requesting it if application is written on business
ery; to others a charge of ten cents a copy is made.

Our Dumb Animals; monthlj magazine published at 4.5
Milk Street. Boston, Mass., by the Massachusetts Society for

tin Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; subscription pi
dollar a year.

This magazine was founded to "-peak for those who cannot
speak for themselves." The July number contains a numbe;
of interesting articles dealing with the animal kingdom. The
Society is doing noble work anil should have the support of
all who have a warm spot in their hearts for God's dum'h
creatures.

Down South some folks sa> : "We'uns and Ybu'ns" ; their

neighbors saj simply "We and You." There is correct use

tage and incorrect. What does the untaught boj know

is to tlie difference? The father of a family could do no

vvi-ir thing than place in the boy's or girl's hands the ex-
ceeding!} valuable book now before us. "The Correct II ord
How i« Use It." prepared bj Josephine Turck Baker, and
published by Correct English Publishing Company, Chicago
Whj not have a family circle Good English boiree one
evening in a week during the ball and Winter?

A companion b) the same author and same publisher is en-
titled "The Correct Preposition. How To I se It." and may
well be a tade mecuin to be used in conjunction with the
volume previously named.

"Indispensable fur Cultured People" is one affirmation which
we cannot gainsay, as we examine a volume of most evident
value, and coming from the Correct English Publishing < m-
pany, and bearing the self-evidencing title Ten Thousand
Words; How to Pronounce Them. With this excellent « irk
m one's hands, there might be a highly instructive "Pronounc-
ing Match" equal in value to the <i|d-time."Spelling Matches'
of our early days. The Mother Chautauqua holds annually
at its Summer Session at Lake Chautauqua both of these
Old Timers. — a genuine spelling match and a pronunciation
match, for which prizes arc given and in which there is great
enthusiasm. In the book before us there are 10,000 words
from the Century Dictionary, compared with the Standard.
International and Webster; so that the inquirer ma> know
the "just from the unjust" when he is in the quagmire of
doubt or dismay.

And now, if you have made yourself at all familiar with
the previously noted publications of the volumes on Correct
English, here you mav be .mnr own self-examiner bv using
the "Correct English Calendar Drill-tfook," published by the
same firm, in which will be found two hundred and twenty
daily drills in the use of correct English. This is a genuine
"out of school" volume for one's practical mind-searching self-
examination. What a boon this and the other volumes to a
would-be student of English bom under a foreign flag!

( oast Manual of Lettering &r Designs.
"Nothing like it under the heavens: nothing equal to it
under the heavens." That word "Coast" stumped us. What
does it mean? Ah. we get it. It is a Manual published on the
Pacific Const.— that's all. Put when we open the book, and
examine it thoroughly, we uttered the words of amazement
given above. We have seen Lettering Books, and Design
Looks, by printers and artists, magnificent and luxurious; but
this one reaches the heights. To see it is to draw one's praises
nolens volens. It is published by Fred Knopf and J. M.
Mahaffey, Los Angeles, Cal. Price $5.00

"The Pitmans are always at it." said a friend to us. Yes.
and always getting out some valuable brochure. Here is one
"Civil Service Examinations for Stenographers," a booklet of
about (went) pages 1- I eonard Felix Fuld, Examiner, Muni-
cipal Service Commission. Xew York. Iif you want a
place in I'ncle Sam's illustrious family of Sonographic
workers, you should consult this little manual, to find out What
you know. What you don't know, and What you must know to
please the "Old Man." Laac Pitman and Sons. J West 45th
St.. Xew York City, will tell von all about it.

Do you know Palmer' A. X. Palmer:- Don't you? Well,
you need EVIDENCE then. "Evidence" is the title of a
large pamphlet of forty pages, which tells how a pro^n -. e
West Virginian city revolutionized the penmanship in it;
public schools In getting acquainted with the original Palmer.
\ml Palmer tells you all about it in his usual winsome way.
And it will not be merely verbal evidence but visual, for here
you will se- what was done for "four and a quarter cents a
pupil," as deponent affirmcth.

XVI

uJb^ Susuihm Journal

The Beautiful Quarter* of the Bowling Green University, Bowling Green, Kj.

TAKING ACCOUNT OF STOCK.

It is absolutely necessary that every man should take
account of stock once in a while. Every successsful merchant
keeps in his office a record that tells him very accurately
where he stands in relation to the matter of profit and loss—
that shows him in an instant how he stands as to the various
kinds of merchandise he handles. It is a mistake, however,
to imagine that the matter of stock taking is one that appeals
only to the shopkeeper. There is not one of us who is not
in need of just such information — no one of us who should
not have the knowledge at hand to guide him in shaping his
attitude toward life.

One of the easiest mistakes we can make is that of over-
estimating our own ability. Of course, it is right that we
should be anxious to make as much of life as possible. Ambi-
tion would not aid us greatly if it did not make a practice of
selecting a higher goal than that to which we ordinarily
aspire. At the same time, to choose a goal so high that noth-
ing short of a miracle could enable us to reach it puts us in
danger of tumbling down to earth most ignomiously.

It is the taking account of stock that we are able to avoid
such mishaps. It is by taking account of stock that we can
maintain a fairly reasonable idea of the. amount of strength
we have and upon which we can draw Without such knowl-
edge nothing is easier than to overreach ourselves.

I .., , the fad that, theoretically, we arc masters of our own

destinj 'Iocs not make it less necessary that we should be

able to gauge out capabilities with accuracy, for while it may

be true that there is no barrier in the way of progress that

be sealed, it must nol be forgotten that there are some

obstacles which, under certain circumstances, it would be in-
advisable to attempt to overcome.

You have doubtless read about the man who, coming to this
country an ignorant immigrant, in less than a dozen years
passed an examination that admitted him to practice law in one
of the New England states. At the time the idea of becoming
a lawyer first struck him, he was already a man of middle
age, yet he succeeded in carrying out his purpose.

While there is a world of inspiration in such tales, it is an
open question if it would be advisable for all of us to under-
take such feats. Undoubtedly all of us have aspiration
do better things than we are accomplishing today, and our
progress depends upon our abilit) to show constant improve-
ment in our products.

In spite of this, ambition is not always a safe guide. I have
known men who were willing to give up lucrative positions
in the business world that they might devote their lives to
literature or to art. and in the majority of cases it would
have been worse- than absurd lor them to have taken such a
step. Although the lire "f aspiration burned fiercely enough
in their breasts, many of them have absolutely no qualifica-
tions for the work they aspired to do.

1 do not say that, had they taken the plunge, they would not
have made some progress toward reaching the goal at which
they aimed, but so far as relative success was concerned,
they could have accomplished much greater results by sticking
to the old job In other words, the old adage Mill holds true.
It is better to be a good shoemaker than a bad poet, and it is
only by taking accounl of stock and stan. ling by the result that
the carpenter may avoid getting into the poet class when he
doesn't belong there.— Graham Hoon. in New York Globe.

\ ♦ %■% % % % *

31jf iBuattwaa Journal

WUUMW IWMMMAJ 1MJMMMM IWMUWS

10 U 10 V, 10 10 10 10 It, 10 10 lo U, 10 Z^

•^4^2^?L^c^^^^^-<4^c^^^ixA" a/yi^cL/ -^Ld/L-t/. iMnn^A^Oo-^Lyn^yiy:

LESSON FIFTY-ONE.

Begin the exercise on the first line like the " V" and coniinue witl
Make seventeen "it's" to the line. In writing "Uriah" make the top of
the bottom of "U's". Notice the height of the last part of " U".

light rolling motion The
" and the last part of "A"

;t part of "U" is quite like the small ";'".
'ith special care. Make well rounded turns in.

^W^m u? u> yj la us w„it t it ir yr it ifx-

liHlHlHO- UHlHOHM- UHlHlMO UMlHlHl/ llHtHtHJS

2lt^isi^isL^yri^^2/J>L^^

IMyUL^^^iA/^Lt^Ly O^^LA^L^ ^€^iPLA^M/

Vj-

LESSON FIFTT-TWO.

This "W". which Is adapted to a rolling motion, is the capital " U" completed like a small "a". Avoid making it too broad, also avoid making
the bottom cf this "If" angular. Make four in a group and five groups to the- line. Follow the suggestion in the last line. The second style of "IT"
may be used if preferred.

WHERE REAL POWER LIES.

When you stop to think of it, men do not differ very much
in their general make-up. Every man, as a rule, has a head,
a pair of eyes, two ears, a nose, a mouth, two legs, and all
are built in about the same proportion. And yet what a
difference there is or seems to be. What is the difference?
It is all in the brains. That is the only important difference
between men; their brains.

Down at the docks you will see men clad in the roughest
and coarsest garb tugging and straining and lifting at weights

sufficient to stall a horse, and when their work is done a
few hours in the saloon, a noisy, brawling time with their
mates and a tumble into bed until time for work again.
That is their day. No thought of life, no care for what goes
on outside their own small circle, no love of books or music
or paintings, no enjoyment except that of the lowest of the
brute creation.

In the next block you will find a man clothed in a faultless
style and surrounded with the beautiful and cheerful things
that make life worth while, enjoying short hours of labor
and the companionship of friends and home, cultivating a

<Ibe Susinrss 3ournal

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LESSON HFTY-THRKE.

Practice the rolling exercise to acquire the motion used in making the loop in the " >'". The
" U". Watch the turn at the blue line. Make sixteer :":;' to the line. Carry the last fart :f the

part of the " Y" is exactly like the capit;
two spaces above the base line.

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p p ppppppppppppppppppA

p^a^o^o p^x^p^p p^o^p^o p^iXsp p^p^o^f.

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LESSON FIFTY-FOUR.

Repeat the straight line six times and add a well rounded oval. When this becomes easy make the single strai;ht line, retrace, and aid the
Let the finishing line cross the straight line at halt its height. Practice copies three and four with free arm noveme-t.

love for the beautiful and acquainted, rtot only with his im-
mediate friends, but through travel and books, with all the
world besides.

And yet these men were created equal. The difference is
their own making; and as the man at the docks is doubtlesi
the stronger man physically, all the difference in favor of
the second man is — it must be — in the cultivation of the
brain. With a prince's training, a pauper conducts himself
as though to the purple born while with the environments of
a pauper the prince becomes a booby and a vagabond.

It is all in the brain. You can take the brain of an infant

and so train it as to evolve a statesman or a prize-fighter.
But the brain of an adult is no longer susceptible to delicate
impressions nor capable of subtle changes. The training
which is to count in future life must be accomplished in
youth or it is useless. Cultivate the brain. Develop the in-
tellect. Separate yourself as far as possible from Che brute
by cultivating the only feature that absolutely distinguishes
between you The more you develop your mentality the
further you separate yourself from the animal and the nearer
yon approach to what you were intended to be.

j-fe/ri o

**%*%%%«

(The iBusturHa Journal

8/3/3 3 8„/3J3J3 /3J3J3

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~&JlJd- l^yfRJB- RMJS- IZJUZ- fiMM- IZJ^JZ-

Hr^H^dyuo-iyLryzyt^vn^ r^r^n^d^ucr-iA/nn^^yz^ r^T^^d^Lyo^M^^i^i^yL^

LESSON FIFTY-FIVE.

Begin with the straight Up.? ex?rci3? and add a large figure "J". After practicing it singly, join three as- in the last half of the first line. Try
to make a horizontal loop at half the height the letter. Complete the "3" with a dot. Do not close it at the bottom. Make the top of "B" round.
Be sure to retrace the straight line.

ZP=: /pf/f/f/f^/f./ff/p/p/P^/f

P^f&fge^lwscw^' f^l3^^U^ci^i^ /2^/£^2>

LESSON FIFTY-SIX. cofyrilht iwu

Make the top of "if" round and make the small loop touch or pass around rhe straight line. Keep the bottom of " R" narrow. Make capitals
small. Thirteen " R's" to the line. The signature "P. 3. Redman" will give a review of the P B and R.

And there is an economic reason for developing your
brain power also. Modern life is a continuous battle and in
the conflict of brain against muscle, brain always wins. Not
only is the development of your brain powers necessary to
the full enjoyment of life but it is necessary to the full ex-
ercise of your powers of action. The man who uses his
brain to direct his muscle is far superior to the man who
depends upon muscle alone, while the man who uses his brain
to direct the muscles of a few hundreds of other men, multi-
plies himself by just that number and increases his value to
himself and to the world in like ratio. — Exchange.

AS TO YOU.

Did you give him a lift? He's a brother of Man

And bearing about all the burden he can.

Did you give him a smile? He was downcast and blue

And the smile would have helped him to battle it through.

Did you give him your hand ? He was slipping down hill

And the world, so I fancied, was using him ill

Did you give him a word? Did you show him the road,

Or did you just let him go on with his load?

Did you help him along? He's a sinner like you,
But the grasp of your hand might have carried him through.
Did you bid him good cheer? Just a word and a smile
Were what he most needed that last weary mile.
Do you know what he bore in that burden of cares
That is every man's load and that sympathy shares?
Did you try to find out what he needed from you,
Or did you just leave him to battle it through?

aljr jBuamrss ilnurnal

^fi^ty ^u^JU^y ^M-^iyutUy ^yu^^uty ^Ayi^xiyon^AyiA^T-Z4^A^ _

LESION FIFTT-SEVEX. coptwoht mo*.

Th's plate furnishes a good model for final practice. The student should write it and re-write it until an excellent specimen can be produced.
Notice vlp* <-ca1 ' ' g" and "y".

ID aJ^tyLyyyuo-^ty, //Ltd/, OLjayu' >tj, /cjoS

LKSSON FIFTT-EIGHT.

This plate a!sr furnishes a rood copy for product work. Watch the arrangement, punctuation and capitals.

Do you know what it means to be losing the fight
Winn a lift just in time might set everything right?
I ). < v^u know what it means — j n>t the clasp of a hand
Winn a man's home about all a man ought to stand?
Did you ask what it was — why the quivering lip
Ami the glistening tears down the pale cheek that slip?
Were you brother of his when the time came to be?
Did you offer to help him or didn't you see?

1 '1.1,1 yi ii know it's the part of a brother of Man
To find what tin grief is and help when you can?
Did you stop when he asked you to give him a lift.
Or were you so busy you left him to shift?
i (h, I know what you meant— what you say may be true —
But the test of your manhood is What Did You Do?
Did you reach out a hand'' Did you find him the road,
Or did you just let him go by with his load ?

I. \V. Foley, in New York Times

A new course in Business Writing
starts in the September issue. Do
not allow your subscription to expire.
The Business Journal for 1912-1913
is going to be the leader in the field
of business efficiency.

J,f</ryi _>

GJljr Suatnraa Jlaurnal

VVYVyyy\vA-acYV>

^o^,

ca\> c <\e y AyynVvVvwyvo a c^v % \yyy> yy> sa^

LESSON FIFTY-NINE.

This f radical Marking Alphabet which can be made with pen or brush Is made up of the three simple principles on the first line. Place the paper
so the lines are parallel with the front of the table. Use a flexible pen. All finger movement. After mastering the principles practice the letters in tho
order of arrangement. The following are some good words for practice: Minimum, Mining. Wilmington. Birmingham. Connecticut.

HOW TO WRITE A LETTER.

Read all the works on letter writing and you will know as
much about the practical side of the art of writing a letter
as you will after reading a book on Japan's art of jiu-jitsu
know about how to put into practice the Japanese system of
lighting. And rubbing goose oil on the feet never responds by
curing the toothache.

The preceding may be a redundant way of expressing the
statement that a broad distance lapses in the chasm between
art or science, and the usable or practical. Every school boy
or girl can make a picture that "looks" just like his or her
grandfather or grandmother; moreover, the youth will amaze
you by saying the old folks invariably made a few preliminary
skirmishes, or fancy skating, before swooping down upon the
body of the letter of yours truly — as. '"I now take my pen in
hand and set me down to write you a few words and to tell
you that 1 am well and hope you are the same." (What does
the word "same" mean, sick or well or dead?) A few of the
other frills and flounces in letters are about as appropriate as
open work hosiery for the winter season.

GOOD LETTER WRITERS BORN'.

To be serious. A letter writer of the highest order of ex-
cellence is much like a poet or an orator — born, not marie.
The query has been asked. Is a high school or a college edu-
ssential to the attainments of a superb writer of let-
ters- No. A good education is not a prerequisite to the
attainment of distinction in any line of human activity. It
merely furnishes you with training and knowledge in the
beginning that afterwards you will have to strive for. Talent
i f .1 certain degree enforced by ambition for development and
advancement are paramount.

if our best newspaper and magazine contributors
have not had the advantages of a college training And so is
it with the consummate letter writer. To become a polished
epistolary correspondent, or composer of letters, requires a
knowledge of human nature and practice, practice, practice.
No person ever became an author of attractive newspaper c ir-
resp mdence, either as reporter or writer i E original composi-
tions, without practice, rr: Pi e in build-
ins sentei es or in or public speaking will de-
velop a E 3 style ol sentences and nothing else
will.

APPEARANCE I MUCH.

■r thought worth considerati m is that the recipient
of your letter judges from its appearance, your demeanor,
dress, ha -s. and takes on appreciative interest in

>onr famil) : and then are th se wh i profess a clair

'lit you from a care-
ful diagnosis "i your correspondence. The writer would rec-
ommend a due observance, therefore, so the recipient of let-
ters may be favorably impressed with their author:

proposal of marriage or a business proposition the best appear-
ing letter cements the contract. If wanting in preliminary-
instruction a good book on letter writing will instruct on
forms, margins, and so on .

Never "swear" in a letter nor write a letter you will after-
ward regret. Mail your "insulting" letter the next day — and
you will never send it and never regret it. A slang phrase
sometimes carries pleasing emphasis : nowadays slang that
means nothing originally conveys more thought, is more ern-
pathic. and means more than all plain language solely can
convey. If you are a lawyer and can use the phrases, "legal
checkerboard," "locked horns," "frenzied litigation," "congest-
ed court calendars." and "all due to lack of sufficient number
of judges and defending litigants," you may impress the
recipient of your letters that you know something and are
resourceful. Above all things the public demands its lawyers
shall be "resourceful." Be brief in a business letter.

I SE GOOD MATERIAL.

Make use of the best materials for building your letter-
best stationery, pen, and ink (if not typewriter, but not for
social correspondence). Study and practice thoroughly the
exercises in some good text book on English comp ■
the letter writer of the future has not already had this pre-
liminary training. Besides telling yon bow to make an attrac-
tive sentence this practice will post one in punctuati in ami
paragraphing, all of which are essentials to the "star" letter
writer.

In addition, for constant attention read and study the best

1 ks, magazines, and newspapers for enhancing your fund

of knowledge and command of language (presidents, gov-
ernors, ami mayors choose newspaper men for secretaries'),
and last of all the learner i^ recommended to read the edi-
torials in a metropolitan newspaper (like The Tribune).
Novelty in the construciton of thought improves yearly. Bv
ans the seeker for distinction in letter writing will
have the pride and satisfaction in knowing that he is abreast
of the thought and news of his day and generation. He is
ire a life sized, full grown, aide bodied letter
writing mien ibe

The letter writer or correspondent, hei ihed sets

b'.t own salarv in the commercial world — E. E. Ri
< • Tribune.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS— Subscribers wishing to have their
maciwim-K sent ta a new address should notify as promptly, giv-
ing the old address and specifying the edition, whether News «e
Regular. Notices must he received one full month in advance, that
all copies may he received. Do not bother the clubber or teacher
who sent in your subscription, hut write to this office direct.

illjc SuBtnrsa JJtwntal

DIRECTORY OF BUSINESS DEVICES.

Compiled and copyrighted by THE BUSINESS JOURNAL PUB-
LISHING COMPANY, Tribune Building, Net* York.

For terms of insertion in this List, apply to The Business Journal,
Tribune Building, New York.
ACCOUNTANTS.

Bennett, R. J., 1421 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
ADDING MACHINES (LISTING).'

Hurruughs Adding Machine Co., Detroit. Mich.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St.
ADDING TYPEWRITERS. See Typewriters
BOOKKEEPING.

American Book Co., Washington Square,

Bliss Publishing Co.. Saginaw. Mich.

Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Ginn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Goodyear-Marshall Co., Cedar Rapids, la.

Lyons. J. A., ic Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave.,

Packard, S. S., 253 Lexington Ave., New York.

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rowe, H. M., & Co., Baltimore, Md.

Southwestern Publishing Co., 222 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Toby, Edw., Waco, Tex., Pubr. Toby's Practical Bookkeeping.
CARBON PAPti^ & j tfPtWRITER RIBBONS.

Smith, S. T., & Co., 11 Barclay St., New v"ork.
COPYHOLDERS.

327 Broadway

York.
Adding.

Chicago, 111.

York.

Remington Typewriter C(
DUPLICATORS (STENCiL).

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
INKS.

Higgins, Chas. M., & Co., 271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

INKSTANDS.

General Supply Co., Danielson, Conn.
NOTE BOOKS (STENOGRAPHERS').

Pitman, I.. &• Sons, 2 vV. 45th St., New York.
PAPER FASTENERS AND BINDERS.

Clipless Paper Fastener Co., Newton, Iowa.
PENCILS.

Dixon, Joseph, Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
PENCIL SHARPENERS.

Arne Novelty Mfg. Co., 1103 Sixteenth St., Racine, Wis.
PENHOLDERS.

Magnusson, A., 208 N. 5th St., Quincy, 111.
PENS (SHADING).

Newton Automatic Shading Pen Co., Pontiac, Mich.
PENS (STEEL).

Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co.. 95 John St., New York.

Gillott & Sons, 93 Chambers St., New York.

Hunt, C. Howard, Pen Co.. Camden, N. J.

Spencerian Pen Co., 349 Broadway, New York.
SHORTHAND SYSTEMS.

Barnes, A. J., Publishing Co., 2201 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo

Graham, A. J., & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway, New York.

Lyons, J. A.. & Co., 623 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Packard. S. S.. 253 Lexington Ave.. New York.

Phonographic Institute Co.. Cincinnati, Oh

York,
reland, Ohio,
vew Orleans. La.

Shadeless Shorthand.

ew York.

lew York.
., Chicago, 111.
v York.

.. Cleveland. Ohio.
Orleans, La.

York.

Pitman, Isaac. & Son, 2 W. 45th St.,

Practical Text Book Co., Euclid Ave., t_le

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St.,

Toby, Edw., Tex., Pubr., Aristos or Janes
TELEPHONES (INTERIOR).

Direct-Line Telephone Co., 810 Broadway,
TOUCH TYPEWRITING INSTRUCTORS.

Gregg Publishing Co., 1123 Broadway,

Lyons. J. A.. & Co.. 623 S. Wabash Av

Pitman, Isaac, & S ,o, 2 W. 45th St., Ne

Practical Text Book Company, Euclid Ave

Spencer Publishing Co., 707 Common St.,
TYPEWRITERS. „ „ „ ,

Hammond Typewriter Co., 69th to 70th St., East River, New York.

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway, New

Smith-Premier Typewriter-Co., 319 Broadway, Ne

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New
TYPEWRITERS (ADDING).

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, New York.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New « ork.
TYPEWRITERS (AUTOMATIC). _,

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITERS (HILLING).

Monarch Typewriter Co., 300 Broadway, New York.

Remington Typewriter Co., 327 Broadway. New York.

Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.. 319 Broadway. New York.
: wood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New York.
TYPEWRITER CARRIAGE RETURN.

Underwood Typewriter Co., 30 Vesey St., New v. ork.
TYI'l WRITERS (DOUBLE (.ASK OR COMPLETE KEYBOARD).

Premier Typewriter Co., 319 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (NOISELESS).

Noiseless Typewriter Co., 320 Broadway, New York.
TYPEWRITERS (INTERCHANGFABL.E CARRIAGES)..

Smith-Premier Ty—writer Co., 319 Broadway, Ne v
TYPEWRITERS (PORTABLE).

Standard Typewriter Co., Groton, N. Y.
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. See Carbon Paper*.
TYPEWRITERS (WIDE CARRIAGE).

writer Co.. 300 Broadway, New

Remington Typewriter Co.. 327 Broadway, Ne

Smith-Premier Typew

York.

York.
» York.
Co., 319 Broadway, New York.

BUSTING THINGS UP.

From the St. Paul Despatch.
There was a fellow got a hunch
That he was very strictly "it" ;
Just to get even with his boss
He quit.

The boss he bore it wondrous well,

He never wailed or moaned or swore ;
But said, "As you go out don't slam
The door."

The other boys about the place

Did not go moping much that day.
They laughed and said good-by, and drew
Their pay.

He thought : ''They do not realize

That I have left them to their fate.
So much the better; let them laugh;
But wait !"

And then he ambled down the street

And confidently told the town,
"Xow, fellows, watch and see the boss
Fall down."

Somehow or other things went on ;

The business did not go to smash ;
The boss went smiling as he grabbed
The cash.

And every day the fellow met

Some friend who didn't know he'd quit,
And didn't care, and wasn't sore
A bit.

It rather stunned him that the world

Went booming on through day and night
As well as when he used to keep
It right.

Somehow there isn't any man

For whom the whole creation squirms ;
And good men cluster round a job
Like germs.

And when you up and leave your place

\i'l think the whole blame works will quit,
The Joker hollers, "Tag, old man,
You're it !"

The world goes plugging, plodding on,

As unconcerned as it can be:
If you are mentioned some one asks,
"Who's he?"

PINK WRAPPER

Did yonr Journal tome In a PINK WKAI'I'KR this monlliT
If M, It in to signify that your suhsrription had expired, aid that
yau should srnd uh immediately 76 rem* far renewal, ar $1 at ut
lor the News Edition. If yau do not wish ta mini a single capy.
This speelal wrspper (as well as pultli^hlns; the date of explratias)
each month) Is an Additional . om to as: but sa many af aar au»-
seribers have asked ta be kept informed raaceraiag rxpiratiaa,
wa fael that any ei>*aae Is Justified.

_L«y>Ti ->

». ■* % •% % % % %

al]P Suatitrss Journal

Touch Typewriting Made Easy

NEW AND ORIGINAL METHOD

Are you entirely satisfied with the results obtained
in your Typewriting Department?

Why not make your department a genuine touch
department?

ScirntificTouch Typewriting will do this for you

Bliss System of Bookkeeping

The Folder System is designed especially for rmall
classes, night schools, etc.

National Dictation Book

With Shorthand Notes

Do not place your order for Dictation Books until
you have examined the National.

THE F. H. BLISS PUBLISHING CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

Don't Get

Marooned."

o„ Saturday, June

Erinitd the following in i
eading

"For a Standardized Stenography:"

In this country we have had a !-enseless multi-
plication of shorthand systems, due to the desire
of individual teachers to get the advertising ad-
vantage of "something a little better" than the
rest of the world. There is such a thing as being
"marooned" on a bad system, after one has
given months of laborious effort to its acquisition.
tier advice can be given to the' youngster
studying shorthand than to take one of the
long-tested and widely-used methods.

Benn Pitman Phonography is the
American standard.

Tried and tested by 59 years of use.

Used to-day by a majority of Ameri-
can shorthand writers.

Publisht by
The Phonographic Institute Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Benn Pitman, Founder.
Jerome B. Howard, President.

GREGG
SHORTHAND.

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

Was adopted by more than four hundred
public and private schools last season. It is
now taught in more than two thousand schools.

The rapid growth in popularity of
Gregg Shorthand is due entirely to its
merit. Its simplicity appeals to student
and teacher alike ; its legibility makes it
best for all practical purposes ; its speed
is equal to every occasion.

Send for Booklet "Gregg Shorthand
Wins Fifth International Speed Contest."
If von are a teacher, ask for Booklet -14
also.

GREGG PUBLISHING CO.,

NEW YORK

CHICAGO

Graham's ♦

♦ Standard Phonography ♦

♦
♦

♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦

STANDS SUPREME

on the basis of

Actual Efficiency

That is why the majority of experts use it.

A system of real worth instead of "talking points".

Hand-Book $2.10 Amanuensis Phonography $1.25

♦
♦
♦
♦
♦

♦
♦
♦

♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦

^ Sole Pi blishers of Authoritative Graham Shorthand .

♦ 1135 BROADWAY NEW YORK •>

♦ ♦
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

For any writer of the standard -Imrthand e. a, ah,

eme, the "Correspondent's List" fills a

.it want lor a convenient alphabetical list

of the most important word-signs. It fits at once

your i mr pocket, and your need. Price

15 cents.

ANDREW J. GRAHAM & CO.

(Lift IBuBtnraa Journal

WHAT METAL FURNITURE IS DOING FOR THE
MODERN BUSINESS MAN.

Nothing so emphasizes the inefficiency of wood in the con-
struction of archive-storing cabinets as a disastrous tire.
Then the truth is brought home to the business man that he
owes enough to himself and his business to protect both when
the means of protection are attainable. It is this realization,
caused in many cases by bitter and costly experience close
to home, that is gradually working a transformation in the
modern office. It is the swan song of the passing wooden
filing equipment that is carrying the message of recommenda-
tion of the steel cabinet. The unanimous verdict of the public
in support of the steel method is patent in none quite so much
as the Berger Manufacturing Company of Canton, O. As
leading manufacturers of steel filing equipment — including
steel card drawers, document files, storage drawers, vertical
filing units, interchangeable horizontal sections, chairs, desks,
tables and other office furniture — they are in a position to
note the transformation. It is and has been apparent in the
phenomenal, consistent and healthy increase in business.

Numberless thousands of business firms, municipalities,
counties and states have awakened to the necessity of pro-
tecting records, correspondence, documents and papers of
value because of disastrous conflagrations. They found to
their cost that this protection was not possible where wooden
equipment was used. They have since found it, however, in
the use of steel equipment.

\\ hile steel filing equipment, as made by the Berger Man-
ufacturing Company, is not claimed to be absolutely fire proof,
it has been proved many times that it is a fire retardent of
high quality. More than once it has actually proven fire
'1 saved the valuable records of a lire-swept office. A
case in pomt was in Chicago, where a six-story building
burned in June, 1909. It took seventj streams of water and
thirty-two engines to put out the lire. (In one of the floors
was a new steel sectional file. When the ruins wen
enough to Ik- entered it was found [bat the drawers of the

cabinet operated a- though nothing bad occurred. Papers

bad in a yet been placed in it but the guide Cards were only

slightlj charred ami any notations on them would have been

perfectly legible.

s> ' 1 is the mi dern eo momizer and maker of efficii :

i in the world and responsible for much

of n- progn I i| a time it was unthought of in many

in iiiiim \ ieu years w roughl a i hang

and when oal :e held sway, steel now safeguards records

that was never possible with the combustible wooden kind.
So now steel has permanently supplanted wood in the con-
strued i thai necessar) adjunct of everj office— the filing

cabinet. It also extends to other articles of office furniture,
but it has been demonstrated that nothing i- Mime so import-

The Van Sant System of Touch Typewriting

ARE YOU THINKING

about \our text-books on

TYPEWRITING ?

You could tin do better than to adopt the well-known

VAN SANT SYSTEM

It was the first practical Touch System. It has been
frequently revised and improved. It was the first to
abolish figures to indicate fingering, and to assign a
definite duty to each finger. Every text-book which
has been published since has adopted tins method as its
basis. The Van Sant System may be truly said to be

THE SYSTEM WHICH HAS REVOLUTIONIZED
THE TYPEWRITING OF THE WORLD

It is simple, logical, effective, systematic. Your type-
writing room problem will be solved if you adopt this
system. It is easily taught and easily learned. It is
the best system for Commercial Colleges. High Schools,
and Correspondence Schools.

Sample copies in paper covers to schools. 25 cents.

It is especially adapted to self-instruction.

Price: Pamphlet form 50 cents

Cloth-bound 75

Published in separate editions for all standard type-
writers.

In ordering state for what machines the lessons are
desired.

A. C. VAN SANT, 2960 Dewey Ave., Omaha, Nebraska

ant as the protection of the filing equipment. Four items are
usually taken into consideration by the business man' who
discards his old wooden equipment for metal furniture. These
items are: The absolute safety of all officials' records; dur-
ability, the metal being much stronger in construction and not
affected by atmospheric changes, causing parts to disjoint and
swell; the decrease in fire insurance rates, and the advan-
tages of the metal over wood from a sanitary standpoint,
metal being more readily cleaned and impervious to dust and
microbes.

Steel furniture came about after long study and in a few
short years has taken remarkable strides. Steel plates of high
tensile strength have been rolled many times, reannealed
three times and then stretcher levelled until every bend has
been eradicated, leaving a sua' th surface for the applicati n
of finishes in natural wood colors, appropriate and in
th irough harmonj with the fittings of the finest i>fhc<.-. The
mi tal i- rendered free from rust by special pickling processes
and special machinery ami dies stamp it into the varioufi
forms I.. make the many articles '•' furniture to meet the
public demand; man\ coats of special enamel are bal
until the surface becomes extremely hard: it i> rubbed down
to a -till finer surface with pumice-stone and water, and. after
the final varnish, il is rubbed down itin finish. To

Ml appearance each piec< of furniture— filing cabinet
drawers, desks, tables, etc.— are apparently the best quality
of wood. Instead each is just as imposing, yel si
being rustle--, warpless, vermin-proof, imperishable and well
nigh irdestructible

^^mi j^^e^n o

Slir Husinrss Snuntal

:, % % ♦ *

PRACTICAL!"

The Practical Text Book Company publishes practical books for practical schools. We have
Practical Bookkeeping, Practical Spelling, Practical Arithmetic, Practical Shorthand, Practical Type-
writing, Practical Letter Writing, and all the others in our series are practical books. Now these
names are self-advertising, and we might as well try to "paint the lily or adorn the rose" a- to waste
words trying t<> convince a practical man that he should use practical book-.

Our 1 ks are up-to-date or they would not be practical now. They are clear, systematic, com-
prehensive, concise; forcible, attractive, interesting, low-priced, high-grade, — all of these to make
them practical.

Examine these books and you will see for yourself that they are all that the name implies —

PRACTICAL.

CATALOGUE FREE. WE PAY THE FREIGHT

The Practical Text Book Company

Euclid & 18th Street, Cleveland, Ohio.

In Addition

to the points of Monarch Typewriter Excellence
pointed out by the tags shown above, every owner
and every operator should be keenly interested in
that great typewriter advantage of the Monarch, the

Monarch Kffih

which is a wonderful saver of human energy. More work and better work with greater ease
is the net result of this feature of the Monarch machine.

To the operator it means "No 3-0'clock Fatigue," but steady work with ease right up
to closing time. To the employer it results in more work accomplished, therefore a distinct

SaVmS- FOR CATALOGUE AND FULL PARTICULARS ADDRESS

Monarch Department
Remington Typewriter Company

< Incorporated)
New York and Everywhere

In answering advertisements please

The Business Journal.

lUir iBusinrsa Journal

SOME OF OUR NAMES.
Ever Hear 'Em? No? Well, Here They Are.

The Smith tribe is thriving as usual in the new directory
of Manhattan and the Bronx, which is out to-day. The 3,361
Smiths, not to count the Smits, Smithes, Smyths, Smythes,
Smithys, Smithers, Smithleins. Smithlens, Smithleys, Smith-
lines, Smithsons and Smitmans, leave even the prolific Mur-
phy and Brown battalions far in the rear. There are twenty -
one widows named Mrs. Catherine Smith. The Browns are
less than half the Smiths, with 1,500, while the Jonses number
only 857.

Many will be surprised to learn that there are only four-
teen Parsons in this museum of curiosities. Still more con-
fusing is the presence of 31 Childs, 59 Childses, 2 Men. 6
Mans, 168 Manns and 2 Peopleses.

There are four Schoolhouses in the city. There is a High
man and a Low contingent to the number of 73.

There are three Books and three Bookbinders; also 11
Hacks.

There are only 3 Boyes and 12 Yards and 3 Bases. One
Runn is credited to the town, and 17 Balls with 9 Oatts.

Beans to the number of 13, 22 Dills, 1 Pickle and 11 Frank-
furters. There is only one Cantine to the single Troop. Out
of them there are 33 Beers. 2 Dark, 24 Light, and many Roots.
There are 80 Glasses and only one Schooner. Eight Bev-
eridges are set down, besides 16 Saltzers, 10 Schnapps and 21
Weins. Two Drinkers, two Boozers. 1 Drinkwine and 1
Drinkwater are among us. Four persons, at least, are Sober.
To the one Home there are several hundred Bells.

The directory records the presence of 132 Cranes, 8 Bears,
23 Beavers. 29 Hogs, one Rabbitt and innumerable Wolfs.
Also 4 Mules, Hoggs. Goats, 9 Ratts. 1 Catt and a Cow.

There are Woods and 3 Forests. 15 Robins. 5 Ravens. 2
Thrushes and 3 Larks

There are 3 Dubs in the city and 20 Smarts, besides 30
Quicks, 1 Lightbody and 10 Lightfoots. Fifty call themselves
Ketcham and 2."> Ketchum. One man named Slow and 3
Sticks reside here.

Two Wools, 20 Cottons, 1 Knitt. 1 Twine, 4 Twists and 1
Twitchings, 3 Suiters and Suits are also among us, as well as
4 Sun-. 2"> Moons, ■> Mercuries, 1 Venue. 6 Mars, 3 Jupiters,
4 Wains. 5 Stars and 74 Starrs.

A Cheer. 11 Merrys. 19 Joys, 1 Care, 1 Cark and 3 Dulls
swell the list.

Other New Yorkers bear the names of Grim. Ham. Pretty-
man. Rank. Rott: Selling. Buyer: Cantiloupe. Combs; Fatt,
Leans. Spare. Plump : Spear. Sword : Good Better. Best :
Bad Worst: Rich and Poor; Shade and Sunshine: Milk and
Honey.

™« GORDON jr"""'nf.

^—^———^— Controller

ABSOLUTELY PREVENTS FINGER MOVEMENT in the
practice of MUSCULAR MOVEMENT penmanship.

Support- which hold the penholder, therebj per

mining complete relaxation of the writing muscles, enabling
to write with ease and facility. The most rational
means of securing a correct wn: ent. Causes no

uience to the wearer, and is a practical aid.
Nicely Nickel Plated, and is adjustable to any hand.

Price each, postpaid 25c.

Special Prices to Schools and Colleges.

W. L. GORDON, 3303 E. 26th St., Kansas City, Mo.

N. S. Smith.

The above is a faithful representation of a penman whose
work has placed him in the ranks of our leading writing
speciali?ts.

Mr. Smith was born in Tennessee. During his early youth
his parents removed to Texas, where he secured a good public
school education. After leaving high school, he took a com-
mercial course at the McKinney, Texas, Business College.

Almost from the time he was able to hold a pencil, penman-
ship had a peculiar fascination for Mr. Smith. As soon as he
was able to give proper instruction he organized classes
throughout the country, teaching the subject by correspond-
ence. In 1907 and 1908 he took a special course of instruc-
tion under C. W. Ransom and F. W. Tamblyn of Kansas
City. After completing the C"ur?e be then centered his efforts
on teaching penmanship in business schools, holding positions
with the Anson. Texas. Business College and the Big Springs,
business Academy. In October. 1910. he accepted the
position which he is now filling with much credit to himself,
namely, head of the penmanship department in Toby's Prac-
tical Business College, \\ aco, Texas. He has made a specialty
of card writing, teaching this subject by mail, and now num-
ber- his students in every state in the Union.

Mr Smith's lias been a long, hard climb upward, but de-
termination to succeed i- one of bis marked characteristics,
and the goal which he had in sight at the outset is being fully
realized. He is an honor t sion, and well deserves

the confidence bestowed on him by all who come i:
with him.

Constituent — "What do you suppose Graphter is worth?"
Senator Lostmun — "I don't know what he's worth, now. 1
bought him once when he was just starting out for $75 and a
railway pass."

Rice paper is not made from rice, but from the pith of
tungtsan, or hollow plant.

» ♦ ♦ »

j,f-e/>ri *->

<. 4 % ♦ % % % •

o * % * % *

ulhe iHusittPsa Journal

Commerce Follows the Flag

The

Underwood
Typewriter

Keepsj^ace
With Both

™„

Annual sales of I nderwoods
exceed by many thousands
those of any other typewriter.

"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

Underwood Typewriter Company

I'nderwood Building New York H

Pausts
!rS;RLjmBETS

This Book Contains

the choicest collection of
Alphabets and Borders ever
published for the price.
Every Penman, Engrosser
and Engraver should have a
copy. Price 7oc. postpaid.

Address C. A. FAUST,
1024 North Robey St .

Chicago, 111.

FAUST'S SPECIAL RULED PRACTICE PAPER

Address C. A. FAUST, 1024 N. Robey St., Chicago, 111.

ADVICE.

When you think the Fates betray you

Whine about it ;
When your efforts fail to pay you

Whine about it ;
Don't brace up or keep on trying,
Spend your time in bitter sighing.
Let the world behold you crying —

Whine about it.

When your liver's -acting badly

Whine about it ;
Sit around and murmur sadly —

Whine about it ;
Time was merely made to fritter :
W'hen your luck is bad, grow bitter,
Be a weakling and a quitter —

Whine about it.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

Baseball Game of Life.

Life is like a baseball game,
With Chance as pitcher: Fate

Alert, determined, pitiless,
Stands just behind the plate.

Out in the field are Hopelessness,

Timidity, and all
Our other weaknesses prepared

To catch or stop the ball.

The stands are filled with many who
Accord us hoots and jeers,

And sprinkled with them, are a few
W'ho give us honest cheers.

And each man gets his chance to bat,
m And many fan the air,
And now and then one makes a hit,
And wins out then and there.

Life is like a baseball game,

And bitterly we choose
To fasten all the blame on Luck,

The umpire, when we lose.

E. Kiscr, in the "Chicago Record-
Herald."

WANTED— Interest in growing school in city
of 20.000 upward. Central States, by progres-
sive office and school n-an. experienced all
along the line. State details and best propo-
sition in first letter. Address, Enterprise c /o
Business Journal.

SHORTHAND IN SEVEN LESSONS. fiOc.
Unigraph is the most rapid readable system.
Let it help you earn money. Send 10c. now,
and 50c. in five days or return booklets, t'ni-
graph Co., Omaha, Neb.

HIGGINS'™*1

Writes EVERLASTINGLY Black

The kind y»u are sure to a*e
with coBbouous satisfactioi.

At Dealers Generally.

gEtel?|0r i»d IS ceits for 2 «.

Ssss3*^ bottle by mail, to

CHAS. M. HIGGINS & CO., Mfr$.

271 Ninth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

(The Sustnpsg Journal

G. C. TAYLOR, ,

ugh us at $1,400. &
Will do

pher for the Interstate
'ommerce Commission, takes a pla

ns are going to

l.ig business during August and

ranee fee. Confidential

are available now. and act results.

THE SPECIALISTS' EDUCATIONAL BUREAU,
ROBERT A. GRANT, Met. Webiter Giwrea, St. LouU, Mo

COMMERCIAL

TEACHERS
SPECIALTY

Yes, We Have Good News

Our candidate landed that penmanship supervisorship at $2500.
irg is the place; E. G. Miller, of Omaha, the man. Our man
was appointed for the sixteen-hundred-dollar penmanship position in a
great eastern private school, too. Yes, and ours was the nominee who
was chosen for penmanship in one of the .Minneapolis high schools,
not to mention man} others, from little salaries up to $1500, the
ami air- paid our selection for the Concord, Mass., High School. We
base scores of the choicest positions open now (July 1) and August
is always one of our best months. Let us help you. Xo position.no pay.

The National Commercial Teachers' Agency, «•«-■-*"■-—

11 BAKU AVE. BEVERLY MASS.

A Specialty by a Specialist

.POSITIONS OF ALL KINDS FOR

COMMERCIAL

d more teachers. Write foi

TEACHERS.

Marion. Ind.

WANTED — Commercial teachers for fine positions in High Schools and business schc
east. Good positions now here waiting our recommendation. No charge for registry
tablished 22 years. Send complete particulars in your first letter. It will save time
bring you just the place you want. KELLOCG'S TEACHERS- AGENCY, 31 Union Sqiurt, N. Y.

447 South Second Street, Louisrille, Kentucky

NO REGISTRATION FEE.

TEACHERS Have you secured

a desirable position for September? If not, it

will be to your interest to register \

vith us at once. We are especially in need of

i ompetent commercial teachers who a\

e good penmen, also Al Isaac Pitman shorthand

teachers. No registration fee.

SCHOOL PRINCIPALS. May \

fe help you fill the positions vou have vacant ?

The best teachers in the profession ai

e registered with our bureau. Let us know your

wants and we will place you in comm

unication with the best teacher to be had for the

salary you pay.

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU,

Est. 1877, Tribune Building, New York

Penmen and First-Class Commercial Teachers Wanted-

We have more than 100 vacancies for good commercial teachers.
Must have more teachers. May we nominate YOU?

FREE REGISTRATION
CONTINENTAL TEACHERS' AGENCY. Bawling Green, Ky.

We Recommend Good Teachers to Good
Schools.

We have Schools for Sale. ---Bargains.
Give us a Trial. Registration is Free.

LINK'S TEACHERS'

AGENCY

A. T. LINK, Mgr.

BOISE. IDAHO

COMMERCIAL

Teachers Furnished

I have on mv list of students some fine
IVnnun and Commercial Teachers desiring
IS. Write rat if in nted.
OLD students needing my assistance should
giving qualifications, etc. I make no
charge. F. W. T VMBLYN, Pres.

The Tamblyn School of Penmanship,
Kansas I

The Quick and the Dead.

Tin- time it is the Sunday school
fn .in which emanates the twentieth cen-
tury distinction between the ''quick and
the dead.'' "Yes, miss." says the young
hopeful, "the quick is them as gets out
o' the way o' motor cars, and the dead is
them as doesn't. — The Tablet.

A Cheerful Devil.
Excuse all mistakes in this week's
paper, as the editor is sick and the office
devil did the writing. We will try and
have a better sheet next week, as by
that time the editor will either be better
or dead. — Risville Neva.

A Blessing.

No man gets on so well in this world
as he whose daily walk and conversation
are clean and consistent, whose heart is
pure and whose life is honorable. A re-
ligious spirit helps every man. It is at
once a comfort and an inspiration, and
makes him stronger, wiser, and better in
every relation of life. There is no sub-
stitute for it. It may be assailed by its
enemies, as it has been, but they offer
nothing in its place. It has stood the test
of centuries and has never failed to
help and bless mankind. — William Mc-
Kutley.

Antiquity of Shorthand.

Regarding the earliest period when
stenography came into use. the term rep-
resenting. I suppose, "all forms of abbre-
viated writing, Xenophon is said to have
availed of some form of it in taking
notes of Socrates' lectures.

The Chicago Tribune some time ago
quoted some excellent authority for a
quite ancient use of it. Here is part of
a verse which you have doubtless seen
before — from Manillus. a contemporary
of Cicero, Virgil and Horace, very re-
spectable company :
"In shorthand skilled, where little marks

comprise
Whole words, a sentence in a single let-
ter lies."

J. Y. C. in .V. }'. Sun.

University Endowments.

To-day Harvard's endowment

amounts' to $18,000,000, that of Chicago
$20,000,000. and that of Leland Stanford
to possibly twice as much. The annual
budgets of at least four of our Amer-
ican universities have passed the million
dollar mark, and the annual expendi-
ture of a dozen others amounts to half
that sum. — The Forum.

The Schoolboy's Dilemma.

Father — Where do you stand in the
spelling class?

Tommy — Dunno: I'm too good wod
the old stvle and too bad for the new.
— N. V inn.

Order in the School Room.
"Order is heaven's first law." It is
the first law of the schoolroom, too.

P.tit it must not come because the teach-
er has a gad: it must come as the result
t goi d work going on. It may be
necessary at times to require good or-
der; but it is far better to have it come
as the accompaniment of earnest, honest
application to study. The best teacher
pets good order as a bv-product — West
Virginia School Journal.

plcas<

enti

JrWjrm o

ijhe litainpss Journal

.,,,

A BEGINNING student commonly has working ideas about money,
goods, buying and selling, to start with. He does not understand
= business papers because he never had a close look at them
when they were in action.

€J That's the point. When he sees them in action and has a part in
the action himself, he gets business practice that makes business
papers understandable.

<D The New Inductive Bookeeping covers a wide range of bookkeeping study and
practice, including Single and Double Entry.

(§ It is divided into seven general parts of which the 1 st, 3d, 5th and 7th provide
study and drill in the theory of mechanics and bookkeeping.

<I The 2nd, 4th, and 6th parts consist of three separately equipped business practice sets,
planned to enable a teacher to connect at any time to one or more offices, or to none, as
he may have room or equipment for office work.

We publish a variety of courses and advance sets. Write us regarding your require-
ments, kind and length of course in detail as much as possible, and let us submit an outline for
your consideration.

GOODYEAR-MARSHALL PUBLISHING COMPANY

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA

We are stilt in need of tood comme
shorthand, and penmanship teachers
correspondence is solicited.

J. E. BOYD, M anager.

720 Stewart Ave. Kansas City, Kansas.

SOMETHING NEW— A course in business
writing that is establishing a new standard
and a new style in business penmanship; sim-
ple, logical and scientific. Copies are verit-
able pictures of a rhythmic motion. Easy to
learn and stays learned. Especially adapted
for use in business colleges and high schools.
Send 35c for a sample copy. Address C. S.
Rogers, Principal Y. M. C. A. Accountancy
School, San Francisco, Calif.

THE CELEBRATED

Madarasz Korean Ink

Korean is the name of that superb quality of
•tick ink — the kind that is pitchy black on
•hades and produces those wonderful hair
lines, soft and mellow. It is made in Korea.
»nd is far superior to Chinese or India Ink for
ornate writing purposes.

Madarasz had a limited stock of this ink on
hand at the time of his death, and this has
been placed in our hands for sale.

We only have on hand a few of the $4.00
•ticks. These will be sold at $1.00 less than
the regular price until the supply is exhausted.

Enough in one large stick to last a lifetime.
Those interested should order without delay.

THE BUSINESS JOURNAL

Tribun* Bldg . New York City

ACCOUNTANCY COURSES

Thorough Correspondence Instruction

The BENNETT ACCOUNTANCY INSTITUTE is recognized as the
leader in higher commercial instruction.

SUBJECTS: Accounting and Auditing, Factory Cost Accounting,
Corporation Accounting and Finance, Business Law, Advanced Book-
keeping, and Accounting Systems.

R. J. BENNETT, C P. A.

Send for kw catalogue of courses 1421 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

ary for penmen doing ornamental writing to have a holder adapted to
that special purpose. The above holder is hand-turned and adjusted, made of
•elected rosewood or ebony, and cannot be made by an automatic lathe. LOOK FOR THE
BRAND. If your dealer cannot supply you, send to the designer and manufacturer.
12-inch - Fancy, $1; Plain, 50c 8-inch - Fancy, 50c; Plain, 25c

A. MAGNUSSON, 208 North Sth Street, Quincy, 111.

-CARDS

in Business Writing, Ornamental Writ-
ing, Engrossing Script and Lettering.
Pen copies. Red ink criticisms. Easy
payments. Circular free. Address

AMARILLO. TEXAS

IPU with each order. ACENTS WANTED.

BLANK CARDS \j£<£ r*TUS

Hand cut. Come in 20 different colors. Sample 10*
postpaid. He. 1.000 by express. 75c. Card Circular for
red stamp.

COMIC JOKER CARDS &E » --

100 postpaid. 25c. Lest for more. Ink. Gloasr Black or
Very Best White. 15c. per bottle. 1 Oblique Pen Holder.
10c GiUott's No. 1 Pens. 10c. per doz. Lessoai in Card
Writiac. Circular for stamp.

W. A. BODE. Box 176. FAIR HAVEN. FA.

ahp Susinrss Journal

EDITOR'S SCRAP BOOK.

"A few pages from a figure crank" contain some very neat
work in figures by H. W. English, of Moosic, Pa. Mr. Eng-
lish takes great delight in covering sheet after sheet with
these symbols, and is succeeding in getting the right swing in
his movement.

C. E. Baldwin, of Seattle, Wash., contributes some very
nice work in flourishes. The lines are nicely shaded, making
a very pretty effect

A specimen of ornamental writing from S. O. Smith, of
Hartford, Conn., is one of the nicest that has come to this
office. -Mr. Smith has excellent control of the pen and it is a
pleasure to see some of his choice specimens.

J. G. Christ, of Lock Haven, Pa., has also forwarded an ex-
ceptionally neat letter written in the ornamental style. Mr.
Christ's specimen is written with that free, graceful move-
ment that only comes after long practice.

E. C. Stotts, of the Danville, Va. Commercial College, has
forwarded a specimen of combination pen drawing and border
work signed by "Cheney" that reflects much credit on the
artist. The work is very well done and the artist is to be
highly complimented.

Superscriptions beautifully written in ornamental or business
writing have been received from the following :
B. Capps, Gem City Business College, Quincy. 111.

F. A. Ashley, Temple University, Philadelphia.

J. W. Craig. High School of Commerce, Cleveland.
A. D. Skeels, Detroit, Mich.

T. M. Latham, Port Arthur Business College, Port Arthur,
Texas.
• C. S. Springer, Northwestern Business College, Seattle

Wash.

E. E. Hippensteel, Bloomsburg, Pa.

R. W. Ballentine, .Albany Business College. Albany, N. Y.

L. E. Jones. Eldridge, N. Y.

W. H. Cook, Province Lake, N. H.

K M. Weisgarber. Lancaster. Pa.

W. W. Bennett, Milwaukee, Wis.

RECENT JOURNAL VISITORS.

E. W. Schlee, Newark Business College, Xewark, X. J.
A. L. Straub. Xewark .Business College. Xewark, X. J.
S. E. Leslie, Eastman College, Poughkeepsie. X. Y.

F. P. Baltz, Eastern District High School, Brooklyn. X. Y
J, A. Kirby. Brooklyn, X. Y.

A. W. Madison, Rahway, X. J.

F. II. Krantz, Upsala College, Kenilworth, X. T.

W D. Scars. Drake College, Jersey City, X. J

W A. Frazier, Rutland, Yt.

G B. Miller, Washington, D. C.

Tazo Suzuki, Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, X. \.

1 I W. Hoff. Lawrence, Mass.

Frederic W. Rauch, Union Hill High Sch., Hoboken, X. .1.

A. T Burke, Eagan School, Hoboken, X. J.

Chas. A. Bittighofer, 1 'rake College, Jersey City. X. J.

C L. Newell, Woods Business College. Brooklyn. N. Y.

W C, Ramsdell, Ramsdell School, Middletown. X. Y.

form A. Crawford, Merchants & Rankers School, X. Y.

V I. Efegleston, Rutherford, X. J.

C. C. Gi Business! - lenectady, N. "> .

E. E. Ferris, Eagan School of Business, Hoboken, X. J.

Turkeys do not come from Turkey, but Xorth America,
through India.

Arabic figures were not invented by Arabs, but by East
Indians.

PRESIDENT ELIOT S FIVE FOOT BOOK SHELF.

"Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin."
"Journal of John Woolman."
"Fruits of Solitude," by William Penn.
Bacon's "Essays" and "New Atlantis."
Milton's "Areopagitica" and "Tractate on Education."
Sir Thomas Browne's "Religio Medici."
Plato's "Apology," "Phsedo," and "Crito."
"Golden Sayings" of Epictetus.
"Meditations of Marcus Aurelius."
Emerson's "Essays."
Emerson's "English Traits."
The complete Poems of Milton.
Jonson's "Volpone."

Beaumont and Fletcher's "The Maid's Tragedy."
Webster's "Duchess of Malfi."
Middleton's "The Changeling."
Dryden's 'All for Love."
Shelley's "Cenci."

Browning's "Blot on the 'Scutcheon."
Tennyson's "Becket."
Goethe's "Faust."
Marlowe's "Dr. Faustus."
Adam Smith's "Wealth of Xations."
"Letters" of Cicero and Pliny.
Burns' "Tarn O'Shanter."
Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress."

Walton's "Compleat Angler" and "Lives" of Doune and
Herbert.

"Autobiography of St. Augustine."

Plutarch's "Lives."

Dryden's "Aeneid."

"Canterbury Tales."

"Imitation of Christ." by Thomas a Kempis.

Dante's "Divine Comedy."

Darwin's "Origin of Species."

"Arabian Xights."

OPTIMIST VERSUS PESSIMIST.

Once on the tdge of a pleasant pool,

UJnder the bank where 'twas dark and cool,

Where the willows over the water hung

And the grasses ru-tled and the rushes swung.

Just where the creek flowed out of the bog

There lived a mean and grumpy old frog.

Who'd sit all day in the mud and soak,

And just did nothing but cr. >ak and croak.

When a blackbird halloed down

'I say, you know, what's the matter there below,

Arc you in trouble or pain or what?"

The frog said "mine is an awful lot,

Nothing but mud and dirt and slime

Fi r m< to look at, all the time."

"But you are looking down" the blackbird said;

"Look at the blosso ii- o\ erhead!

Look at the bright, bright summer skies,

Look at the bees and butterflies.

Cheer up old fellow, win bless my soul!

You are looking down m a nuiskrat hole."

Still with a gurgling sob ami choke,

The blamed old critter did nothing but croak,

A wise old turtle that boarded near.

Said to the Blackbird, "Friend see here!

'nil no tears over him.
He's just a low down pessimist, cause he wants to be.

a ill tell you another thing that ain't no joke.
"Don't shed no tear-- over folk that croak."

J^K/mn ->

i \ '% •'

ahv IBuautras Journal

SPEEDY WRITERS

NEED

Dixon's

"Stenographer"
Pencils.

Three Grades:

No. 489— very soft

No. 41*0 — soft medium

No. 491 — medium.
Send 10c for samples.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.
Jersey City, N. J.

For OVER FIFTY YEARS h.ve
maintained their superiority for

Quality of Metal,

Workmanship,
Uniformity,

Durability.

Silvered Steel Pens

Not. 39 and 40 New Patterns
Samples on Application

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,

349 Broadway, New Y»rk.

Greatest Gem Mine in the World.

The sapphire workings at Yoyo
Gulch, -Mont., are being graduall-- de-
veloped into a great and permanent min-
ing industry, says George F. Kunz in a
forthcoming report on precious stones,
published by the United States geo-
graphical survey. Taken as a whole the
i'ogo dike is perhaps the greatest gem
mine in the world. It is about four
nuks long on the surface, and, being a
true igneous dike, descends to an infinite
denth. It is estimated that the entire
content of workable sapphire-liearin"
rock would approximate 10,000,000 cubic
vards.

World's Military Expenditures.

According to a British Parliamentary
paper, the world's normal annual mil-
itary expenditures arc as follows

Russia $185,000,000

Germany 157,000,000

Great Britain 153,000, I

France 133,000,000

United States 113,000,000

India 98,000,

Austria 84,000,003

Italy 55,000,000

Japan 21,) ,000

Besides India'- $98,000,000, other col-
onies of wreat Britain expend *lG.O00,-
000 a year for local purposes. The Ger-
ii;a 'i total does not include its $2
000 a --ear for colonial military expen-
ses, and the French total also excludes
$18,000,000 a year for the army serving
abroad. The British Empire leads with
ne ami colonial total of $271,000,-
000. [ncluding LiT.OOO.OOO a year for
ns. the United States comes next
with $249,000,000.

Politics.

All courageous and sincere,

Patriotic, too.
Striving to efface the tear
For each suffering mortal here —

< ,-.\ ing toil its due.
Fearless, frank and generous —
Peerless, undismayed —
That's us!

Now behold the other side :

Secret, dark and vile.
Stei ltd in avarice and pride.
Wealth and power misapplied,

Plundering with a smile.
Shattering Freedom's priceless gem,
Sheering as we strive to stem

Fierce corruption's tide —
That's them !

Engrossing A Specialty

Resolutions for Framing or Album Form
E. H. McGHEE box set Trenton N. J.

Male Teachers Decreasing.

The male teachers in the United
States are steadily decreasing, as shown
by statistics. In 1870 the proportion
was 41 per cent.: in 1S72 it had in-
to i2.8; in 18S9-90 it fell to
34.5 : in moo it dropped to 29.9, and in
had reached 25 per cent. There
were in the States 455,243 teachers, and
of these 113,744 were men and 341.493
women. — St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

I in

i the "Lone Star" Card Specialist. Have

the

most complete Mail Course in U. S. and

for

the least money. Let me prove it. Your

e artistically written on 15 Cards for

26c.

Send 10c for sample \i dor. and

^—~—-7S~^ ~~~^~ Agent s outfit.

- - ■ Box 1268

- '^/^'i^J^^c/A ■ WACO.

,/<*^/ TEXAS

GEORGE W. ELLIS, Artist Engrosser

Resolutions — testimonials, Memorials

Engrossed and Illuminated.
21 - Ma 5t„ San Francisco, Calif.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE

Mailed for 50c.

Send 2c. for circular

... — TNTTXTXT 267 EGE AVENUE

W. E. DUNN, JERSEY CITY.N. J.

RASMUSSEN

Practical Business School

St. Paul, Minn.
Walter Rasmussen, Proprietor.

AUGUST HARTKORN, C. P. A.

Expert Examiner of Disputed Docu-
ments and Accounts.
41 Park Row, Niw York City.

GILLOTTS PENS

Recognized the world over as
The Standard of Perfection in Penmaking
No. _^<BRPMBf • IJIIUIIU ■

Principality ^C I ■> ■ t BfttlU
Pen

Ne. 601 E Magnum Quill Pen

Sold by Stationer* Everywhere

JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS

ALFRED FffiLD * CO., Agents, 93 Chanters St.. N.Y.

AMES & ROLL1NSON COMPANY

.....1.1 Ml

■best QUAirrr atmodfjwte cdst-hjri ■ igo

UII LUI l/U

203 BROATJKKr" New "rt>RK_,.

4*
i

4S&
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Visible

Writing

A Chain of Logic

There are over THREE =
QUARTERS of a MILLION
REMINGTON TYPEWRITERS
in use today — more than any
other make and more than
many others combined.

This means that there are
more REMINGTON POSITIONS
than any others.

From this it follows that
there are more OPPORTUN=
ITIES for the REMINGTON
TYPIST than for any others.

Therefore it always pays the
pupil best to learn the

Remington

Remington Typewriter Company

(Incorporated)
New York and Everywhere

uw/nn ^_>

v *>^

♦ # • «

P. A. W F

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