Caedmon's Exodus and Daniel : edited from Grein

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HUMT

COMPANY

ST. MICHAEL'S COLLEGE
TORONTO 6, CANADA

C^EDMON'S

EXODUS AND DANIEL.

fr0m

BY

THEODORE W. HUNT, PH.D.,

PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN PRINCETON
COLLEGE.

THIRD EDITION.

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY.

1888.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by

THEODORE W. HUNT,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

MAY 14 1958

J. 8. GUSHING & Co., PRINTERS, BOSTON.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFACE 6

INTRODUCTIONS : —
General.

I. Caedmon 7

II. The Paraphrase 8

1. Source of the Paraphrase 8

2. Structure and Moral Character .... 8

3. Contents 10

4. Caedmon and Milton ^ 10

Special. 1. Theme and Plan of Poems 13

2. State of .the Text . . . . . . .13

3. Literary Character ....... 14

EXODUS: Text 17

DANIEL: Text 37

VARIANTS 65

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . 71

GLOSSARY .....;.. . , 77

NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.

LONG vowels and diphthongs are accented. The Notes, as given in
preceding editions, we omit, though we include their essential features
in the Glossary. With the generous aid of Professor Harrison, the
text has been, once again, thoroughly revised, on the basis of Grein,
variant readings being also given. The Glossary, it will be seen, is
greatly enlarged : especially, as to definitions, references to text, and
quotations of characteristic passages.

In the revision of the Glossary, the editor has been much indebted
to Messrs. L. M. Harris and C. L. Crow, students in the University at

Lexington, Va.

T. W. H.

COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY,
November, 1887.

PEEFACE.

ONE of the most urgent needs which the recent revival of in-
terest in English Philology has brought to light is that of
American editions of the best specimens of First English Prose
and Poetry. So difficult of access and so expensive have the Ger-
man, and even the English, editions been found, that the study of
the oldest English has suffered not a little thereby. Nor is it
altogether gratifying to the pride of an ingenuous American
scholar to feel that he should be thus dependent upon foreign
sources for the best results in this department. As far as the pub-
lication of Middle English Texts is concerned, the main work has
been done, and naturally so, by native English scholars, such as
Sweet, Eaiie, Skeat, and Morris, under the auspices of the Early
English Text Society and kindred agencies. As to the work of
what has been called, The Earliest English Text Society, most has
been done by continental and English scholars. Such Danes and
Germans as Rask, Bouterwek, and Grein, and such native English-
men as Thorpe, Bosworth, Arnold, and Kemble, have been foremost
in this arduous work. Up to a comparatively recent date, Ameri-
can scholarship had made no contributions to this subject. What
was attempted was rather in the line of the elementary than in
that of the more advanced and critical. To Professor March of
Easton is due the awakening of a genuine interest in all that per-
tains to English speech, and, more especially, as to its first forms
and uses. Since then, more or less of worthy work has been done
at home by Corson, Carpenter, Cook, Shute, and others. To Professor
Harrison, of Lexington, special meed is due in beginning the editing
of the best First English Poetry. His recent edition of Beowulf,
from the text of Heyne, marks a new departure in the critical study
of our mother tongue. It opens the way for a complete series of

6 PKEFACE.

editions accessible in American forms, and at moderate cost. The
present edition of Caadmoivs Exodus and Daniel is in the way of
contribution to this needed work, and is designed, mainly, for use
in college classes. There is no part of our oldest poetry as good
as Caedmon which is so difficult of access in this country, and of
which there is more immediate need. It is gratifying to state that
Professors March, Baskervill, and others will take part in the
series proposed.

Of the various texts of Caedmon, there are four which any editor
must have on his table : Junius, Thorpe, Bouterwek, and Grein.
Of these, the last is by far the most valuable, and we shall adopt
it as the authoritative text, up to this date. We shall prefer to
give Grein's text precisely as it stands in his Poesie, save that the
hyphens between compounds have been omitted, and several errors
that have crept into the text have been corrected.

We deeply regret that Wiilker's Kevision of Grein, so long
promised, is not yet completed. This will undoubtedly give us a
text superior to any now extant; and, when it appears, may be
used by the student in the way of helpful reference.

In addition to the text, with a brief outline of its separate sec-
tions, we shall give a brief and yet sufficiently full glossary for the
aid of the advanced student.

Much general introductory matter, such as the genuineness of
the Paraphrase and kindred topics, we must omit as properly
belonging to the editor of Genesis.

If the edition hereby offered aids a whit in the better study of
our home speech, and deepens the interest already felt in a knowl-
edge of its first forms, our final end will have been reached.

T. W. H.

PRINCETON COLLEGE,
October, 1887.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

I. C^DMON.

THIS " Father of English Song " appears in the earliest English
history, and disappears from it, with but a fact here and
there to fix his place and work. In the account of Caedmon given
us by Alfred, in his translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History,
there are found a few incidents and statements which serve to
make up his only biography. It is suggestive to note, that this
story in Bede reappears substantially in the Heliand, the Old
Saxon Paraphrase of the ninth century. It may further be noted,
that the fragment of song given us in 'this history is probably the
most ancient piece of Saxon poetry extant.

From this we learn the following facts : That he was a native
of Northumbria, near Whitby, and lived in the seventh century ;
that he was a convert from Paganism, and a member of the Abbey
of Hilda; that he was English in heart and spiritual in life, sing-
ing in his native tongue, and always for holy ends ; that he was
a simple herdsman among his flocks, specially endowed in later
life with the divine gift of poesy; that he wrote many poems;
that he sang and prayed his life away in the love of God, and died
in peaceful triumph about 680 A.D.

All we know of him is, that he was a pious monk, taught of
God, full of song and Saxon spirit; and that out of the fulness
of his heart, and for the common weal, he sang of Creation and
of Christ. Such may be said to be the traditional account of
Csedmon.

8 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

II. THE PARAPHRASE.
1. SOURCE OF THE PARAPHRASE.

This poem by Csedmon, as far as it is extant, is especially im-
portant to English scholars in that it marks the very beginning
of Anglo-Saxon literature in the seventh century ; its close being
marked by the completion of the Chronicle in 1154.

As to its source, Bede and Alfred give us all that is to be given.
In Thorpe's edition of Csedmon we may find a sufficiently accurate
translation of this narrative. If this is not accessible, it may be
found in any good history of the Anglo-Saxons or in the Saxon
text in March's Reader. The substance of the record in a few
words is, that he was an untaught herdsman, ignorant of poetry ;
that, asleep among the cattle, he heard in his dream a voice bid-
ding him sing; that, refusing, he was again commanded to sing
the origin of things, and so began his song. At the request of the
abbess, Hilda, he sang before all the learned, and turned into
sweetest verse all that they taught him. Forsaking the worldly
life, he joined the monks and devoted himself to the work of the
minstrel. In this simple manner the origin of the Paraphrase and
other poems has come down to later history. Such is the tradi-
tional origin of the Paraphrase.

2. ITS METRICAL STRUCTURE AND MORAL CHARACTER.

We find in Csedmon a good example of classic Saxon poetry, a
specimen of the language on the basis of which successful study
may be conducted. As to the versification, it is that which all our
First English Poetry has in common. We note the presence of
alliteration, both of consonants and vowels, and the uniform divi-
sion of the line into two sections (hemistichs), the caesura falling

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 9

between them. We note but few examples of final and perfect
rhyme. The prevailing type of verse is" the narrative with four
feet in each poetic section. The long narrative verse is less fre-
quent. As to accent or syllables determining the verse, we note
the emphasis of the former, and this places our earliest poetry in
harmony with our best modern poetry.

Centuries ago, Bede stated the principle still in force, that
"rhythm depends on the sound and modulation, and not on an
artificial government of the syllables."

It may be added that parallelisms, which so mark the structure
of Hebrewr verse, are a conspicuous feature of the poetry in ques-
tion, while there is found the same prevalence of metaphor,
indirect statement, inversion and abrupt transition that mark all
our first poetry.

It is worthy of mention that Mr. Guest, in his English Rhythms,
speaks of the special skill with which Csedmon manages his
metres.

As to its moral character, the Paraphrase speaks for itself. It is
a free poetic rendering of Holy Writ to foster piety in the hearts
of the people.

It was the first attempt in English verse to popularize the Bible,
and thus places its author in line with the authors of the Old
Saxon Heliand, with Orm, Dante, Milton, and Klopstock, and with
our own lamented Longfellow. The poem is spiritual throughout,
and opens a question ill to solve, as to the presence in a converted
pagan of such clear and high views of truth. It would be a study
of no little interest to the student of theology to note the manner
in which this "good monk of Whitby" paraphrases, in the seventh
century, the Scriptural account of the fall of man and kindred
doctrines.

There are reformers before the reformation, and Caedmon pre-
pares the way for the great work of Wicliif and his successors.

10 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

3. CONTENTS OF PARAPHRASE.

The Hymn and the Vision apart, there are : Book I., Genesis,
2935 lines; Exodus, 589 lines; Daniel, 765 lines. Book II.,
Christ and Satan, 733 lines. This second book is paraphrased
from the New Testament, and is in every way inferior to the
first. To these books some editors add, The Song of Azaridh and
The Song of the Three Children. According to Bede, the Para-
phrase is but a part of Caedmon's authorship. With regard to
Caedmon and his Poems, modern criticism has modified tradition
as follows: (a) That no one of these poems can with certainty
be ascribed to Caedmou, though one of them, Genesis A, was
probably based on his work, (b) That the name, Caedmon, is
applied to the poems, on the ground of convenience. See Wiilker's
Grundriss, pp. 114, 140.

4. CJCDMON AND MILTON.

The history of opinion on this subject is full of interest. As
favoring a close relationship, we note the names of Turner,
Nicholson, Thorpe, Conybeare, Southey, and Taine, while such
cautious writers as March and Morley hesitate not to give this
theory the benefit of the doubt. Mr. Disraeli, in his Amenities of
Literature, devotes an entire chapter to the subject, and takes
strong ground against the theory of literary relation. The final
settlement of this question is impossible. The facts are too few
to warrant it. Each author had access to the Bible, and to biblical
and mythical traditions, and drew from these common sources.
The coincidences are striking: each poem is, in a sense, a para-
phrase of Scripture ; each is an epic and on the same theme ; each
opens with the same scene, the fail of the angels, and proceeds in
a somewhat similar manner. As to Satan's rebellion prior to the
creation of man, and his consignment with the fallen angels to

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 11

darkness and despair, they fully agree. The source whence they
derived this tradition, Persian or Chaldean, must have been the
same. Each poem points to the East as the place of origin, and
many of the scenes and actors are the same. As to more specific
resemblances, we may note the description of Satan and his fall ;
of hell and heaven ; of Adam and Eve, and the speech of Satan
to his rebel hosts. These coincidences, however, need not be
regarded as proving identity or even actual imitation of plan. It
is further to be noted that these similarities are found in Csedmon's
Genesis only, the subject-matter of the other portions being outside
of Milton's purpose. Even in Genesis there is a large part taken
up with the history of Abraham, a topic, also, apart from Milton's
aim. Moreover, the Paraphrase is based upon the Apocrypha as
well as on the Canonical Scriptures. This collection of books is
not endorsed by the Puritan poet. A word in reference to the
historical relation of these two poets is here essential. The MS.
of Junius (1655) may have been accessible to Milton. Morley
writes : " Milton knew Junius [Csedmon's first editor], and was
interested in his studies." The objection by Disraeli, that the MS.
was too precious to be loaned by Junius, is unworthy of notice.
To the graver objection, that the poet could not have read it in
Saxon, it may be said, that Milton was a careful student of the
earlier times. A few years before this he prepared a history of
England up to the Norman Conquest, in which he makes reference
to the old authors. It is known that he was an Oriental scholar,
and thoroughly versed in the Modern European Tongues, including
some knowledge of the Low Dutch, so akin to the Saxon. Under
the English government, he was " secretary for foreign tongues."
The argument here is, that it would not have been strange had
such a linguist been able to read the Saxon of Junius. If not, the
meaning could have been made known to him by Junius or Somner
or others. By reason of the poet's blindness (1654), this was prob-
ably the case. Between the edition of Junius (1655), and the

12 GENEKAL INTRODUCTION.

finishing of Paradise Lost (1661), there is a period of six years of
possible reference to Csedmon. In fact, Milton's epic was not
published till 1667, twelve years after Junius. The plausible
theory, that a great poet cannot be indebted to his predecessors,
is a mere hypothesis, and facts are against it. The England of
Milton had something to learn from Bede and Alfred. We add
the suggestion, that, in an epic upon the fall of man, the strong
presumptive evidence is that Milton consulted any existing epic
upon a similar theme. A translation by Bosanquet (1860) of the
Miltonic portions of Csedmon into English Heroic Verse, is
entitled "The Paradise Lost of Csedmon." "Without doubt,"
says Wiilker, " the Genesis of Csedmon had made a deep impres-
sion upon the religious poet."

SPECIAL INTKODUCTION.

1. THEME AND PLAN OF THE POEMS.

THE subject of Exodus is, The Departure of Israel from Egypt,
their Sojourn under Moses in the Wilderness, and their Pas-
sage through the Red Sea to the Land of Promise. Of the forty
chapters of Exodus given by Moses, Caedmon paraphrases but a
few, and even here the poet follows the sacred narrative much less
closely than in Daniel. As far as the authoritative text is concerned,
the first fifteen chapters of the history may be said to be the only
ones referred to by the author. He dismisses the subject as the
people stand upon the farther shore of the Red Sea with the prom-
ised land before them. It is also noticeable that incidents and
facts are introduced which are not found in the biblical record,
such as the precise order of march through the Red Sea, the
special valor of the warlike bands selected to oppose Pharaoh, and
many minute statements as to the pillar of cloud and of fire.
The subject of Daniel is, The Deliverance of the Three Hebrews
from the Fiery Furnace. The poet takes the record, as in Exodus,
from the Old Testament, giving a faithful paraphrase of the first
five chapters of the Book of Daniel. For the sake of clearness,
the first of these poems may be divided, as in Grein, into eight
sections, and the second, into five. The topics of the respective
sections will best be given in connection with the text.

2. STATE OF THE TEXT.

In common with other parts of Caedmon, and nearly all our
earliest writers, the text is more or less unsatisfactory. Among

14 SPECIAL INTRODUCTION.

the eight sections of Exodus there is one (VI.) that seems to have
been bodily interpolated, while in the third section of Daniel there
is a very loose paraphrase of Azarias as given in The Codex
Exoniensis, or Exeter Book. The addition of single words and
lines is very common, as also their omission. In the best editions,
there are several textual gaps which the editors do not pretend to
supply. In many other places no one can be dogmatic as to the
rendering. Despite these facts, however, the substantial correct-
ness and unity of Exodus arid Daniel are preserved.

3. LITERARY CHARACTER.

The cast of the poems is lyrical as well as epic. Moses and
Pharaoh, Daniel, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, and the Hebrew
children are the prominent figures, while the praises of Jehovah
and his servants are sung in fervid strain. They afford one of the
best examples in our literature of the combination of the narrative
style proper to the epic, with the freer descriptive style of impas-
sioned verse. Where they lack in smoothness of historical order
they abound in imaginative sketching of persons and scenes.
Some of the descriptions are as bold and vivid as those of Beowulf,
"the Saxon Homer." In this respect they surpass Genesis, and
have always been regarded as poems of rare interest, especially
characteristic of early Teutonic literature. They are in the
department of the sacred epic what Beowulf is in the historico-
mythical epic, marked by the old Gothic dash and daring.

Their influence is stimulating. They stir the blood. They are
a bold testimony by a converted pagan to the power of Jehovah
on behalf of his oppressed people. We think, as we read them, of
the most stirring battle songs of the Bible, and of secular letters.
They have the same martial spirit. It is for reasons such as these
that we have deemed it wise to place these poems in reach of
American students. It is hoped that they will aid in the critical
study of First English, and infuse into the modern Teuton some-
thing of that Saxon vigor to which he has rightful heirship.

EXODUS AND DANIEL.

EXODUS.

i.

Reference to the Laws of Moses. — Praise of Moses. — His
relation to Pharaoh. — God's words to Moses as to the
creation. — God's visitation upon Egypt. — Spoiling of the
Egyptians and rescue of Israel. — The first encampment. —
Continuance of the march. — Encampment at Etham.

Hwset ! we feor and neAah gefrigen habba]>

ofer middangeard Moyses d6mas

wraeclico wordriht wera cne'brissum,

in uproder eAadigra gehwam
5 sefter bealustye b6te lifes,

lifgendra gehwam langsumne r&d

hselejmm secgan ; gehyre se }?e wille !

pone on westenne weroda drihten

s6}>faest cyning mid his sylfes miht
10 gewyrpode and him wundra fela

ece alwalda in &ht forgeaf .

He waes le'bf gode, le'bda aldor,

horse and hre}>ergleAaw herges wisa,

f reom folctoga. Faraones cyn
15 godes andsacan gyrdwite band,

)?&r him gesealde sigora waldend

modgum magor&swan his maga feorh,

onwist ej>les Abrahames snnum.

NOTE : In printing the text, it has been thought best to use, uni-
formly, J> instead of the double letters > and $.

18 EXODUS. [19-53

HeAah waes pset handleAan and him hold fnfa
20 gesealde w&pna ge weald wip wrapra gryre :

oferc6m mid py campe cn^bmaga fela,

f&mda folcriht. pa waes forma sip,

paet hine weroda god wordum ntegde,

p&r he him gessegde sdpwimdra fela,
25 hu fas woruld worhte witig drihten,

eorpan ymbhwyrft and uprodor

gesette sigerice, and his sylfes naman,

pone yldo beam ser ne capon,

frdd faedera cyn, peAah hie fela wiston.
30 Hsefde he pa geswiped s6pum crseftum

and gewurpodne werodes aldor

Faraones fe^ud on forpwegas,

pa wses iugere ealdum witum

deAape gedrenced drihtfolca m&st :
35 hordwearda hryre he'af waes geniwad,

sw^efon seledreAamas since berofene ;

haefde mansceapan aet middere niht

Mcne gefylled, frumbearna fela,

abrocene burhweardas : bana wide scrap,
40 lap le'bdhata. Land drysmyde

deAadra hr&wum : diigop forp gewat,

w6p wees wide, worulddreAama lyt !

w&ron hleahtorsmipum handa belocene,

alyfed ladsip Idbde gretan,
45 folc ferende : fe^nd wses bereOafod,

hergas on helle. He'bfon pider beccm,

druron de'bfolgyld. Dieg waes mtere

ofer middangeard, pd se^o mengeo for,

sw^ pass faesten dre^h fela missera
50 ealdwerige Egypta folc,

p39S pe hie wideferp wyrnan pdhton

Moyses magum, gif hie metod lete,

onlangne lust le'bfes sipes.

54-79] EXODUS. 19

Fyrd waes gefysed, from se J>e l&dde
55 modig magorseswa m&gburh heora.

Oferfor he mid ]>y folce faestena worn

land and le'bdweard la]>ra manna,

enge anpafas, uncuj? gelad,

op Jjset hie on Gu]>myrce gearwe bieron ;
60 wtferon land heora l3"fthelme be^eahl,

mearchofu mdrheald : Moyses ofer J>a

fela meoringa fyrde geltfedde.

Heht ]?d ymb twa niht tirfaestne haele]?,

sij^an hie fdbndum 6]>faren hsefdon,
65 ymbwicigean werodes bearhtmd

mid aelfere Ethanes by rig

maegnes maestd mearclondum on.

II.

Tlie protection of the people by Jehovah. — The third encamp-
ment. — Tlie pillar of cloud and of fire. — The joyful
breaking of camp. — The heavenly beacon. — The approach
to the sea. — Encampment at the Red Sea.

Near we gendfdon on norpwegas,

wiston him be supan Sigelwara land,
70 forbserned burhhleopu, brune !&>de

hatuin heofoncdlum. pa^r halig god

wij> faerbryne folc gescylde,

baalc^ oferbrasdde byrnendne heofon,

halgan nett6 hatwendne lyft.
75 Haefde wederwolcen widum faepmum

eor}>an and uprodor efne ged^eled,

la^dde Idbdwerod : ligfyr adranc

hat heofontorht. Hsele[) wafedon,

drihta gedrymost. Daegscealdes

20 EXODUS. [80-114

80 wand ofer wolcnum : hsefde witig god

sunnan styfaet segle ofertolden,

swa J<a msestrapas men ne cu}>on

ne J>a seglrdde gese^on meahton

eorpbuende ealle" crsefte",
85 hu afsestnod waes feldhnsa maest.

Si|>}?an lie mid wuldre geweorpode

p&denholde, ]>a waes Jn'idda wic

folce t6 fr6fre : fyrd call geseah,

lift }>&Y hlifedon halige seglas,
90 lyftwundor le'bht ; le'bde ongeton,

dugoj) Israh^la, past )>&r drihten cw6m,

weroda drihten, wicsteal metan.

Him beforan fdran fyr and wolcen

in beorhtrodor, beAamas twegen,
95 )>ara £ghwaeper efnged^elde

heAah])egnunga haliges gastes

de'brmddra sij> dagum and nihtum.

p£ ic on morgen gefraegn m6des rdfan

hebban herebyman hludan stefnum,
100 wuldres w6man. Werod eall aras,

m6digra msegen, swa him Moyses bebeAad

ma^re magonleswa metodes folce,

fus fyrdgetrnm : forj> gesawon

lifes latpe'bw liftweg metan.
105 Segl stj7e we^ld, s&men aefter

f6ron flddweg^ ; folc waes on salum,

hlud herges cyrm. HeofonbeAacen Astah

s^fena gehwam : 6per wundor

syllic aefter sunnan setlrade behe^ld
110 ofer le'bdwerum Iig6 scinan,

byrnende be'am. Bl^lce stddon

ofer sce'btendnm scire legman,

scinon scyldhre^J^an, sceado swipredon :

neowle nihtscuwan ncTah ne mihton

115-141] EXODUS. 21

115 heolstor ahydan. Heofoncandel barn :

niwe nihtweard nyde sceolde

wician ofer weredum, J>y Ises him westengryre

bar h&p holmegum wedrum

6 ferclamme ferhj> getw£fde.
120 Hsefde foregenga fyrene loccas,

blace be'amas, baalegsan hwe'bp

];am herefr^ate, hatan lige,

paet he on westenne werod forbsernde,

nymfe hie mddhwate Moyses hyrde.
125 Scean scir werod, scyldas lixton ;

gesawon randwigan rihtre str&te

segn ofer swdbtum, 6]> ]>szt saefaesten

landes set ende le'bdmaegne forstdd,

ffts on forpweg. Fyrdwlc aras,
130 wyrpton hie w£rige ; wiste genaegdon

modige mete};egnas hyra m?egen betan.

Brteddon sefter beorgum, si]>pan byme sang,

flotan feldhusum : ]^ waes fe'brpe wic

randwigena rsest be J>am reAadan s^e.

III.

Fear of Pharaoh in pursuit. — Sins of Egypt. — Pursuit by
Pharaoh and his host. — Increasing terror of the people. —
Preparation for battle.

135 pair on fyrd hyra f£rspell becw6m,

6ht inlende : egsan st6dan,

waslgryre weroda. Wr&cmon gebM

Idpne Idstweard, se pe him lange aer

epelle'asum 6ht-nied gescraf ,
140 weAan witum f aest : w^ere ne gy radon,

j eah ; e se yldra cyning a^r ge [ti[odc],

22 EXODUS. [142-176

pa [he] wear}) yrfewcard ingefolca

manna aefter mapmum, past he swa miceles gepah :

ealles pses forgeton, sippan grame wurdon
145 Egypta cyn ymb andwig,

pa he'b his m&gwinum morpor fremedon,

wrdht berenodon, w&re fr&ton.

W&ron heapowylmas heortan getenge,

mihtm6d wera manum trdbwum :
150 woldon hie pset feorhle'an facne gyldan,

faette he J^aet dsegweorc dre'bre gebohte,

Mo3'ses le'bde, ]>aer him mihtig god

on ]>am spildsif»e spede forge"fe.

pa him eorla m6d ortrywe wear]?,
155 sij>}>an hie gesawon of sfipwegum

fyrd Faraones forf> ongangan,

oferholt wegan, e'bred lixan,

fufas jmniari, pe'bd mearc tredan :

garas trymedon, gup hwearfode,
160 blicon bordhre'bpan , byman sungon.

On hwsel hre'bpon herefugolas

hilde gr&dige ; [hraefen g61]

deOiwigfepere ofer drihtn^um,

woun waelce'asega. Wulfas sungon
165 atol a^fenle'b]? &tes on wenan,

carle'asan de'br, cwyldr6f be'bdan

on lafra last l^bdmaegnes fyll,

hre'bpon mearcweardas middum nihtum :

fle'ah f^ge gast, folc waes genaeged.
170 Hwilum of pam werode wlance fegnas

m&ton milpaj>as meara b6gum.

Him )>£r sigecyning wi|? pone segn foran

manna pengel mearc)>re/ate rad ;

gujrweard gumena grimhelm gespe'hn
175 cining cinberge (cumbol lixton)

wlges on wenum, wselhlencan sce6c,

177-207] EXODUS. 23

heht his hereciste healdan georne

faest fyrdgetrum. Fe'bnd onsegon

lajmm e'agum landmanna cyme.
180 Ymb hine w&gon wigend unforhte,

hare heorowulfas hilde gretton

Jwrstige Jn-aecwiges f&>denholde.

Haefde him alesen Idbda duge^e

tire'adigra tw£ J^usendo,
185 J>set w&ron cyningas and cne'bwmagas,

on }>aet (fade riht aep elum de'bre ;

for]>on aura gehwilc ut ala^dde

wa^pnedcynues wigan aeghwilcne,

fara }>e he on ]-am fyrste findan mihte.
190 Waaron inge men ealle aBtgaadere

cyningas on corj>re : cu^ost gebe'ad

horn on heAape, to hwaas haagstealdmen

gu])]n-eAat gumena gearwe bseron.

Swa^ J^&r eorp werod ecan laaddon
195 lap aefter la])um le^dmaegnes worn

}>usendm&lum, |>ider wa^ron fuse :

haefdon hie gemynted t6 |)am maegenhe'apum

t6 fam {lerdaage Israhela cynn

billum abre'btan on hyra br6porgyld.
200 Forpon waes on wicum w6p up ahafen,

atol aafenle'bj). Egesan st6don,

weredon waelnet, ])^ se w6ma cw6m,

flngon fr^cne spel : fe'bnd waes anmdd,

werud waes wigblac, 6j> fast wlance forsce'af
205 mihtig engel, se ]>& menigeo behe'bld,

[^aet paer gela^e mid him leng ne mihton

gese'bn tdsomne : si]) wass gedaaled.

24 EXODUS. [208-236

IV.

Renewed fear and further preparation. — Description of the
host under Moses.

Haefde nydfara nihtlangne fyrst,

pe^ali pe him on heAalfa gehwam hettend seomedon,
210 maegen o]>]?e merestrefam : nahton maran hwyrft,

w&ron orw£nan tyelrihtes,

s&ton aefter beorgum in bl&cum re'afum

w^an on wenum. Waeccende bad

eall s^b sibgedriht somod setgaedere
215 maran inaagenes, 6|) Moyses beb(fad

eorlas on uhttld s^rnum Mmum

folc somnigean, frecan arisan

habban heora hlencan, hycgan on ellen,

be ran beorht searo, beAacnum cigean
220 sw^bt sande neAar : snelle gemundon

weardas wtgle^]?. Werod waes gefysed :

brudon ofer beorgum (byman gehyrdon)

flotan feldhusum. Fyrd waes on 6fste,

sipfan hie getealdon wi]> pam te'bnhete
225 on )>am forplierge f^J)an twelfe

m6de r6fa ; rnaagen waes onhr^red.

W33S on anra gehwam aepeles cynnes

alesen under lindum le'bda dugupe

on folcgetaal flf tig cista ;
230 haefde cista gehwilc cupes werodes

garberendra gu)>fremmendra

tynhund geteled tlrelidigra.

paet wses wlglic werod : wAce ne gretton

in ]>&t rincget83l r&swan herges,
235 ])a l^e for ge'bgnjje gyt ne mihton

under bordhre'bpan bre'bstnet wera

237-261] EXODUS. 25

wip flane fe'bnd folmum werigean

ne him bealu benne gebiden haafdon

ofer linde l&rig, licwunde swor,
240 gylpplegan gares. Gamele ne mOston

hare heaporincas hilde onpe'bn,

gif him m6dheAapum maagen swiprade :

ac hie be waastmum wig curon,

ml in Idbdscipe l&stan wolde
245 m6d mid aran, e'ac pan maegnes craaft

[gegan mihte] garbe'ames feng.

pa W83S handrdfra here aetgaadere

fus forpwegas. Fana up-rad,

beAama beorhtest : bidon ealle pa gen,
250 hwonne sipboda sgestreOamum ndkh

le'bht ofer lindum lyftedoras braec.

V.

The harangue of Moses to the host. — Charge to be courageous.

— Assurance of God's help. — Dividing of the waters by

Moses. — The rising of the host. — Entrance on the sea

path. — The march over the sea by tribes. — Description of

tribes. — Judah, Reuben, and Simeon.

Ahl^bp pa for haalepum hildecalla,

beald be^thata, bord up ah6f,

h£ht pa folctogan fyrde gestillan,
255 penden m6diges mepel monige gehyrdon.

Wolde reordigean rices hyrde

ofer hereciste halgan stefne ;

werodes wisa wurpmyndum sprasc :

" Ne be^>p ge py forhtran, peOah pe Faraon brohte
200 sweordwigendra side hergas,

eorla unrim ! Him eallum wile

26 EXODUS. [262-296

mihtig drihten Jmrh mine hand

t6 daege Jnssum d&dleAan gyfan,

]>aet hie lifigende leng ne m6ton
265 aegnian mid yrmjmm Israhela cyn.

Ne willaj) &>w ondr&dan decade fepan

f&ge ferh}?locan ! fyrst is aet ende

Irenes lifes. Eow is lar godes

a-br6den of bre'bstum : ic on beteran rani,
270 paet ge gewurjnen wuldres aldor

and (£>w liffr^an liss'a bidde,

sigora gesynto, ]>&r ge si])ien !

pis is se ecea Abraham es god,

frumsceafta fre'a, se J'ds fyrd werej>
275 m6dig and moegenr6f mid ]?aire miclan hand."

H6f ]>a for hergum hhlde stefne

lifigendra le^>d, }>a he t6 le'bdiini spraec :

" Hwaet ! ge nu e'agum t6 on 16cia]>,

folca le'bfost, fj'erwundra sum,
280 hu ic sylfa s!6h and fdbs swij>re hand

grene tane garsecges ddbp :

yj> up faere]^, 6fstum wyrce)?

waeter and wealfoesten. AVegas syndon dryge,

has we herestr^eta, holm gerymed,
285 ealde staj olas, ]>& ic £r ne gefraegn

ofer middangeard men geferan,

famge feldas, fa for]) heonon

iu ece }']'e feahton,

sa^lde sjjegrundas : sufwind fornam
290 baajjweges blsfest, brim is ar^kfod,

sand sifecir spaw. Ic wat s6]> gere,

faat dbw mihtig god miltse gecyfde,

eorlas, ferglade ! 6fest is selost,

faat ge of fe'bnda foafme weorpen,
295 nu se agend up araarde

reside strelimas in randgebeorh :

297-331] EXODUS. 27

syndon ])a foreweallas faegre gestepte

wraetlieu w&gfaru 6]> wolcna hrof ."

JEfter ]/am worclum werod eall aras,
300 m6digra maegen : mere stille bad.

H6fon herecyste hwite linde,

segnas on sande. S&weall astah,

uplang gest6d wip Israhelum

andaegne fyrst ; waes se'b eorla gedriht
305 anes mddes : [ypa weall]

faestum faa^mum freopowtere h^bld.

Nalles hig^ gehyr(v)don haliges lare

sip)mn le^>fes }&>]> heste neAar

sweg swi]>rode and sanges bland.
310 pa feet fe^>r]:e cyn fyrmest dbde,

w6d on w£gstreAam, wlgan on h^kpe,

of er grenne grund : Judisc fepa

an on-orette uncup gelM

for Ins in&gwinum, swa him mihtig god
315 ]>ges daegweorces de'bp le^an forgeald,

si}>]>an him gesaalde sigorworca hrej),

faet he ealdorddm agen sceolde

ofer cynertcu, cne'bwmaga bl&d.

Haefdon him t6 segne, fa hie on sund stigon,
320 ofev bordhre^jjan beOacen ar^red

in J;am garheAape gyldenne Icon,

drihtfolca miest de'bra c^nost :

be ]>am herewisan hyn];o ne woldon

be him lifigendnm lange folian,
325 ):onne hie t6 gufe garwndu nerdon,

fe'bda {"enigre. pracu waes on 6re,

heard handplega, haegsteald m6dige

w^epna waelslihtes, wigend unforhte,

bilswafu blddige, beadumaegnes nes,
330 grimhelma gegrind, pa^r Judas f6r.
r J^re fyrde flota m6dgndo,

28 EXODUS. [332-301

Rubenes sunu : randas b&ron

B&wicinge ofer sealtne raersc,

man inenio, nricel angetrum
335 e'bde imforht. He his ealdorddm

synnum aswefede, ]?aet h£ styor f6r

on le'bfes last : him on le'bdsceare

frumbearnes riht frdbbrdpor 6]>]'ah,

e'ad and 8e]>elo ; h£ wses earn swit ];eAah.
340 p^r [for]?] sefter him folca pryfum

sunu Simeones swdbtum c6mon,

pridde f ^bdmsegen : pufas wundon

ofer garfare, gufcyst onfrang

de'awig sceaftum. Daegw6ma becw6m
345 ofer garsecges [begong], godes beAacna sum,

morgen mseretorht. Msegen for]) gewat,

]>£ ])&r folcmaegen f6r sefter 6]>rum :

isernhergum an wisode

msegenjtt'ymmum mgest, }>y h^ m^ere wear]>.
350 [F6r] on for]?wegas folc sefter wolcnum,

cynn jfifter cynne : cufe ^eghwilc

maegburga riht, sw£ him Mo}Tses beOad,

eorla sefelo. Him wses an f seder :

le'bf le'bdfruma landriht ge]>ah
355 fr6d on ferhpe, frdbmagum Ie7)f,

cende cne^wsibbe cenra manna,

heOahfaedera sum halige ] e'bde,

Israela cyn, onriht g6des,

swa ]>tet orfancum ealde recca]>,
360 }>£ ]>e m^egburge nif^st gefrunon,

frumcyn feora, faaderaefelo gehwa3s.

.°,<)2-387] EXODUS. 29

VI. [EPISODE.]

Noah and his sons in the ark. — The contents of the ark. —
Abraham, the people 's guide and lord. — David and Solo-
mon.— Abraham and Isaac on the way to the mount. —
Preparations for the sacrifice. — Arrest by the angel. —
Jehovah's promise as to Abraham's seed.

[Niwe flddas Noe oferlap

prymfsest ]-dbden mid his prim sunum,

pone de'bpestan drencfl6da
365 para pe gewurde on woruldrice.

Hsefde him on hrfipre halige tre'bwa :

forpon he gelsedde ofer lagustreAamas

mapmhorda m&st min6 gef rdege :

on feohgebeorh folden hsefde
370 eallum eorpcynne egelafe

frumcne'bw gehwses, faeder and m6der

tuddorte'bndra geteled rlm6

mismicelra, ponne men cunnon,

snottor ssele'bda ; elic pon sieda gehwilc
375 on bearm scipes beornas feredon,

para pe under heofonum haelep bryttigap.

Sw^ pset wise men wordum secgap,

paet from Noe nigopa w^re

feeder Abrahames on folctale :
330 paet is se Abraham, se him engla god

naman niwan ^,sce6p, e'ac pon neAah and feor

halige he'apas in gehyld bebeOad,

werpe'bda ge weald. He on wnece lifde.

Sippan he gelifedde le'bfost f eora
385 haliges h^sum : heOahlond stigon

sibgemagas on Seone beorg ;

hie p^er fundon, wuldor ges^won,

30 EXODUS. [388-422

Mlige hdkhtrdbwe, swa haelep gefrunon,

]>&r eft se snottra sunu Dauides
390 wuldorfaast cyning witgau larum

getimbrede tempel gode,

alh haligne, eorpcyninga

se wisesta on woruldrice

heAahst and haligost haelejnim gefr&g6st
395 m&st and m&rdst, }>ara ]> c manna beam

fira sefter foldan folmum geworbte.

T6 ]?am mepelstede magan gel&dde

Abraham Isaac ; adfyr onbran :

fyrst ferh})bana 116 ]>y f^egra wees !
400 Wolde j;one lastweard lige gesyllan

in b&lblyse beorna selost

his swiesne sunu t6 sigetibre,

angan ofer eorpan yrfelafe,

f cores fr6fre. pa he sw^, for]) gebad
405 le^)dum t6 lare langsumne hiht :

h6 J>aet gecyfde, fa h^ J:one cniht gcnam

faeste mid folmnm, folccuj? geteAag

ealde lafe (ecg grymetode) ,

past he him lifdagas le'bfran ne wisse,
410 ponne he hyrde heofoncyninge.

Up ara3mde se eorl, wolde slean eaforan sinne,

unweaxenne ecgum re^dan,

magan mid mec6, gif hine metod lete :

ne wolde him beorht faeder beam 33tnirnan
415 halig tiber, ac mid handa bifeng.

pa him st}ATan cw6m stefn of heofonum,

wuldres hldbpor, word a3fter spraec :

" Ne sleh }>u, Abraham, pin agen beam

sunu mid sweorde ! s6p is gecyped,
420 nu j)in cunnode cyning alwihta,

paet ] u wi|? waldend w&re he^lde,

faeste tre'bwe : se'b fe freoj>o sceal

423-451] EXODUS.

in Itfdagum lengest weorpan
awa t6 ealdre uDSvviciendo !

425 hu pearf mannes simu maran tre'bwe ?
Ne behwylfan mseg heofon and eorpe
his wuldres word widdra and siddra
ponne befcepman m&ge foldan sceAatas,
eorpan ymbhwyrft and uprodor,

430 garsecges gin and petos gdbmre lyft.
He ap swerep, engla j:eAoden,
wyrda waldend and wereda god,
sdpfaest sigora [weard] , furh his sylf es lif ,
]>sdt pines cynnes and cne^wmaga

435 randwiggendra rim ne cnnnon
ylde ofer eorpan eall^ crseft^
t6 gesecgenne sdjnim wordum,
nympe hwylc )?8es snottor in sefan weorpe,
paet he ana m^ege ealle geriman

440 stanas on eor]:an, steorran on heofonum,
saebeorga sand, sealte ypa, :
ac hie gesittap be ssem twe'bnum
6J> Egypte ingepe^de
land Cananea, le^de pine,

445 fre'bbearn f seder, folca selost."]

VII.

Pharaoh1 s host is overwhelmed in the sea.

Folc waes M&red : flodegsa becwdm
gastas ge^mre, geofon d^a]^ hwe^p.
W^eron beorhhlipu bldde best^med,
holm heolfr^ spaw, hr^em wses on yf um,
450 wseter w&pna ful, waelmist astah.
W&ron Egypte eft oncyrde,

31

82 EXODUS. [452-486

flugon forhtigeude, far ong6ton,

woldon herebleAape hamas tindan :

gylp wear]? gnornra ! Him oug£n gehnap
455 atol ypa gewealc : ne ]?&r &uig becwdm

herges t-6 bame, ac hie hindan beleAac

wyrd mid w&ge. p&r ger wegas lagon,

mere m6dgode, msegen waes adrenced.

Strsemas st6don ; storm up gewat
460 heAah t6 heofonum, herewdpa m^est ;

la]>e cyrmdon ; lyft up geswearc :

fifegum stsefnum fl6d b!6d gewdd.

Randbyrig w^eron rofene, rodor swipode

meredeOajja m^st ; m6dige swulton
465 cyningas on corfre, cyrr swij-rode

waeges aet eude. Wigbord scinon.

Helah ofer haelejmm holmweall astah,

merestreOam mddig : msegen wees on cwealme

fgeste gefeterod, forfganges nep
470 searwum as^led. Sand basnode

on witodre f3*rde, hwonne wajiema strelam

sincalda s& sealtum y])um

seflastum gewuua ece sta)nilas

nacud nydboda ne'bsan c6me
475 fah fej^egast, se ]>e fe^ondum gene^p.

Waes se'b hsewene lyft heolfre geblanden ;

brim berstende b!6degsan hwe'bp,

s£manna si}>, 6]>] set s6j> raetod

Jnirh Moyses hand mddge rymde :
480 wide w&] de, waelfaejmium swe'bp,

fl6d famgode, f^ege crungon,

laguland gefe^l, lyft waes onhrered,

wicon weallfjesten, w^egas burston,

multon meretorras, )>a se mihtiga s!6h
485 mid halige hand heofonrices weard

werbe'amas, wlauce Je'bde.

487-514] EXODUS. 33

Ne mihton forhabban helpendra pap,

merestreAames ra6d, ac he* manegam gescdbd

gyllendd gryre : garsecg wMde,
490 up atdah, on sle'ap ; egesan st6don,

we'bllon waelbenna. Witr6d gefe'bl

heAah of heofonum, handweorc godes.

Famigbosma fl6dwearde sldh

unhle'bwan wasg aide mece,
495 past py deAapdrepe drihte swaefon,

synfullra sw^bt, sawlura lunnou

fseste befarene, fl6dblac here,

sippan hie onbugon brfln yppinge,

m6dwsega msest. Maegen call gedreAas,
500 ]>d he gedrencte dugo]> Egypta,

Faraon mid his folcum : he onfond hrape,

si])J?an [grand] gestah, godes andsaca,

paat ]j&r militigra merefl6des weard

wolde heorofaepmum hilde gesceddan
505 yrre and egesfull. Egyptum wear}?

pass daegweorces de'bp le'kn gesceod :

forpam pses heriges ham eft ne com

ealles ungrundes tenig t6 lafe,

paette sip heora secgan m6ste,
510 bodigean aefter burgum bealospella ma^st,

hordwearda hryre ha3lepa cwdnum,

ac p& m8egenpreAatas merede'ap geswealh,

[spilde] spelbodan, se pe sped ahte,

ageAat gylp wera : hie wip god wimnon !

34 EXODUS. [515-542

VIII.

Words of Moses to Israel on the farther shore. — God's power
and covenant faithfulness. — The joy of the people upon
their deliverance. — Division of spoil.

515 panon Israhelum ece rtledas

on merehwearfe Moyses saegde

heAah]mngen wer halige spruce,

dtfop &rende : dtegweorc nemna}>.

Swa gyt werfdbde on gewritum finda]>
520 ddma gehwilcne, para fe him drihten bebt&d

on pam styfate s6]>um wordum.

Gif onlucan wile lifes wealhstdd

beorht in br&stum b^nhuses weard

ginfsest god gastes c^gum,
525 run bi}> gerecenod, r^ed for]) g*p:

hafa]? wisllcu word on f8e|)me,

wile me'agollice m6dinn t^ecan,

J>aet we geslne ne syn godes ] eVlscipes,

meotodes miltsa. He us ma onlyh}),
530 nu us bdceras beteran secga)?,

lengran lyft wynna : ]<is is Isene dreAam

wommum awyrged, wreccum alyfed,

earmra anbid : ^pellelise

]>}Tsne gystsele gihjnim healda)?,
535 murna}) on mode, manhus witon

fsest under foldan, f£r bij> fyr and wyrm,

open ece scraef yfela gehwylces.

Swa nu regnpe'bfas rice dselaj?

yldo o]>]>e ^erde'aj), eftwyrd cym)>
540 maegenfrymma mifest ofer middangeard,

daeg da^dum fah : drihten sylfa

on )?am me]?elstede manegum deme}>.

543-575] EXODUS. 35

ponne he so) festra sawla li«de]>

eAadige g&stas on uprodor,
545 p&r [is] l^bht and lif , (Tac pon lissa bl&d :

dugop on dre'ame drihten herigap

weroda wuldorcyning t6 widan feore.

Swa reordode r&da gemyndig

manna mildost mihtum swiped
550 hludan stefne ; here stille bad

witodes willan, wundor ong6ton,

m6diges muphsel ; he* t6 maenegum spraec :

u Micel is ] e^s menigeo, maegenwisa trum,

fullesta rarest, se pas fare l&dej> !
555 hafap us on Cananea cyn gelyfed

burb and beAagas, brade rice :

wile nu gelsestan , fast he lange gehet

mid aj:sware, engla drihten,

in fyrndagum faederyncj'nne,
560 gif ge gehealdap halige lare,

paet ge fdbuda gehwone for]) ofergangap,

gesitta]) sigerice be s^em tw^bnum

be'brselas beorna : bip e'bwer blaed micel ! "

After pam wordum we rod wses on salurn,
565 suugon sigebyman, segnas st6don

on faegerne sweg. Folc waes on lande :

haefde wuldres beAam werud gelt%ded

halige heAapas on hild godes.

Life gef^gon, pa hie dphleded haefdon
570 feorh of fe'bnda d6me, pe'ah pe hie hit fr^cne genepdon

weras under waetera hr6fas. Gesawon hie ftfer weallas
standan ;

ealle him brimu b!6dige puhton, purh pa heora beado-
searo w&gon.

Hrepdon hildespelld, sippan hie pam [herge] wipfdron,

hdfon liere] reAatas hlude stefne,
575 for pam d&dweorce drihten heredon :

36 EXODUS. [576-589

weras wuldres sang, wtf on 6, rum,

folcswdbta invest fyrdlefop golun

aclum stefnum eallwundra IVla.

pa waes epfynde Afrisc mdbwle
580 on geofones sta)>e gold6 geweorpod :

hand ahdfon halswurjnmge,

bllj^e w^eron, b6te gesawon,

h^ddon hercreAafes (hoeft waes onsjfeled),

ongunnon sittlafe segnum d&lan
585 on vj>lafe, ealde majnnas,

reAaf and raudas : heom on riht sc^bde

gold and godweb, Josephes gestrtfon

wera wuldorgesteald. Werigend lagon

on deAa]) stede, drihtfolca m^est.

DANIEL.

i.

Prosperity of the Jews in Jerusalem. — God's blessing upon
them. — Their pride and rebellion. — Entrance of the
Chaldean soothsayers. — Enmity of Nebuchadnezzar. —
The Babylonians in Jerusalem. — Despoiling of the temple.
— Departure of the enemy with treasures and captives. —
Subjection of the Hebrews in Babylon. — Search by the
king for ivise youth. — Choice of the three Hebrews:
Hananiah, Misliael, Azariali. — Their appearance before
the king. — Provision for their needs.

Gefraegn ic Hebrews e'hdge lifgean,

in Hierusalem goldhord d&lan,

cyningddm habban, swa him gecynde waes,

sif>}ian Jnirh metodes maegen on Moyses hand
5 wear]? wig gifen wigena maenieo

and hie of Egyptum ut afdron

maegene micle : faet waes mddig cyn,

}>enden hie ]y rice r&dan m6ston,

burgum we'bldon ; waes him beorht wela,
10 J)enden ] aat folc mid him hiera faeder wsere

healdan woldon. Waas him hyrde g6d

heofonriees weard, halig drihten,

wuldres waldend, se f>am werude geaf

in6d and mihte, metod alwihta,
15 j<set hie oft fela folca feor^ gescecxlon

heriges helmum, fara J>e him hold ne waes,

38 DANIEL. [17-51

6)> fast hie wlenco anwod set winfege

de'bfold&dum, druncne gepohtas :

fa hie £craeftas aue forlgton,
20 metodes maegeuscipe, swa n6 man scyle

his gastes lufan wij> gode daelan !

pa geseah ic fa gedriht in gedwolan lifgan,

Israe'la cyn unriht d6n,

wommas wyrcean : faet waes weorc gode.
25 Oft he* fam le^>dum lare sende

heofonrices vveard halige gastas,

]>a ]>am werude wisddm budon.

Hie f^ere snytro s6j? gelyfdon

lytle hwile, 6]> faet hie langung beswdc
30 eorpan dreAamas eces n«des,

\>set hie net sij)estan sylfe foiie'ton

drihtnes ddmas, curon de'bfles crseft.

pa wearf r^j>em6d rices p&xlen,

unhold pe'bden fam he ^elite geaf :
35 wisde him set frympe, fa fe on Truman aer ]>on

wseron mancynnes metode dy^rust,

dugofa diymust drihtne le'bfost,

herepaj) to fa^re he'an byrig

eorlnm eV e'bdigum on e^elland,
40 fa^r Sulein stod searwum Afaestnod,

weallum geweor] od : to ] ses witgan foron

Cald6a cyn t6 ceastre for]>,

}>£r Israela aehta waeron

bewrigene mid weorcum ; t6 fam ]>set werod gef6r,
45 moegen)n'e/at m&re manbealwes georn.

Awehte ]?one wselnty wera aldorfr^b,

Babilones brego on his burhstede

Nabochodonossor ];urh ni] hete,

]>aet h^ s6cau ongan sefan gehygdum,
50 hu he Isra&lura elipos-t meahte

furh groin r:i g;mg guman 6]>)>ringan :

52-86] DANIEL. 39

gesamnode pa supan and norpan

waelhre'bw werod and west faran

herige h&pencyninga t6 p&re helm byrig :
55 Israe'la 6pelweardas

lufan lifvvelan, penden hie 16" t metod.

pa ic epan gefraegn ealdfe'bnda cyn

winburh wera : pa wtgan ne gelyfdon,

bere'afodon pa receda wuldor re'adan golde1,
60 sinc6 and seolfreY Salomones tempi,

gestrudan gestrdbna under stanhlipum

swilee all swa ] a eorlas agan sceoldon,

op J)}«t hie burga gehwone abrocen hsefdon

]ara ]^e jam folce to frij^e stddou.
65 Gehl6don him t6 hu}?e hordwearda gestre'bn,

fe'b and fre'bs, swilc ]>&r fnnden wses,

and |>a mid pam jfehtum eft sipedon

and gel&ddon eAac on langne slj)

Israela (;yn on ^astwegas
70 t6 Babilonia, beorna nnrim,

under hand haele]> h^epenum d^man.

Nabochodonossor him on nyd dyde

Israela beam ofer ealle lufen

w&pna lafe t6 weorcpe'bwum.
75 Onsende ];a sinra pegna

worn fa3s werudes west t6 f^ran,

]>set him p^ra le'bda land gehe'blde

6]me epel sefter Ebreuin.

Het pa s6can sine ger^fan
80 geond Israela earme Idfe,

hwilc \&re ge'bgope gleliwost wifere

b6ca bebodes, pe pser brungen waes :

wolde, ]aet pa cnihtas craeft leornedon,

paet him snytro on sefan secgan mihte,
85 nalles py pe h^ ] set m6ste oppe gemunan wolde,

] aet h6 ] dra gifeun gode ] ancode,

40 DANIEL. [87-112

fe him ])&r t6 dugupe drihten scyrede.

pa We J;&r fundon t6 fr<&gl«&we

se]>ele cnihtas and liefseste,
90 ginge and g6de in gods&de :

an wses Ananias, 6)?er Azarias,

pridda Misael, metode gecorene.

pa )>ry c6mon t6 ]>&>due foran

hearde and higef>ancle, p&r se h&pena sset
95 cyning corpres georn in CaldSa byrig.

pa hie ]>am wlancan wisddm sceoldon

weras Ebr6a wordum cypan,

higecrseft heAane furh halig m6d.

pa se beorn bel)eAad, Babilone weard
100 swlpm6d cyning, sluura ] egnum

])set ] a frumgaras be feore dtlede,

] aet ];am gengum pryra gad nc w&re

wiste ne w&de in woruldlife.

II.

The king's pride and defiance of God. — His unpropitious
dream. — Command to his wise men to tell it. — Being un-
able, he threatens them with death. — Daniel appears before
the king as interpreter. — The king praises a,nd exalts him.

pa wses br^me Babilone weard
105 m&re and mddig ofer middangeard,

egesful ylda bearnum : n6 he jle fremede,

ac in oferhygde ^eghwaes lifdo.

pa )>am folctogan on frumshlepe,

sij>}>an t6 reste gehwearf rice je'bden,
110 com on sefan hwurfau swefnes w6ma,

hu \voruld wife re wundrum get^bd

ungelic yldum 6)> edsceafte.

113-147] DANIEL. 41

Wear)) him on sl&pe s6f gecyfed,

faette rices gehwaes refe sceolde gelimpan,
115 eorfan dreamas ende wurfan.

pa onw6c wulfheort, se &r wingal swaef ,

Babilone weard. Naes him blife Inge,

ac him sorh astah swefnes w6man :

n6 he gemunde, faet him metod waes.
120 H6t fa t6somne slnra le'bda,

fa wiccungddm widest bseron,

fraegn fa fa maenigeo, hwaet hine gemtette,

fenden reordberend reste wunode :

wearf he on ]>am egesan acol worden,
125 fa h6 ne wisse word ne angin

swefnes sines, het him secgan ] eAah.

pa him unblife andswaredon

de'bfolwitgan (nres him d6m gearn

to asecganne swefen cyninge) :
130 4' Hft magon w^ swa dygle, drihten, ahicgan

on sefan ]-inne hu f6 swefnede

offe wyrda gesceaft wisd6m bude,

gif ]ft his Merest ne meaht 6r areccan?."

pa him unbli):e audswarode
135 wulfheort c^yning, witgum sinum :

" Nitron g6 swa e'acne ofer ealle men

m6dgepances, swa ge m6 s.iegdon

and [set gecw&don, ] set g6 cuj;on mine

aldorlege, swa me eAafre wear]?
140 offe ic furfor findan sceolde,

nu g6 ma^tinge mine ne cunnon,

fa f e m6 for werode wisd6m beref !

Ge" sweltaf de'a}^, nymfe ic d6m wite

s6f an swefnes, ]• aes min sefa myndgaf ! "
145 Ne meahte ]:a se'b maenigeo on fam mefelstede

furh witigd6m wihte a^encean

ne ahicgan, fa hit forhiefed gewearf,

42 DANIEL. [148-167

)>aette hie s£don swefn cyniuge,

wyrda gerynu, b]> faet witga cw6m
150 Daniel t6 ddme, se waes drihlne gecoren

snotor and s6j>faest, in paet seld gangan :

se waes ordfruma earmre lafe,

|?&re J?e j^am h&penan hyran sceolde.

Him god sealde gife of heof num
155 ]>urh hldbj>orcwyde haliges gastes,

])a3t him engel godes eall assegde,

swa his mandrihten gem^ted wear}>.

pa e'bde Daniel, fa daeg lyhte,

swefen reccan sinum frelin,
160 ssegde him wlslice wereda gesceafte,

] aette s6na ongeat swlpm6d cyning

ord and ende faes ]>e him ywed waes.

pa haefde Daniel d6m micelne,

bl^d in Babilonia mid bdcerum,
165 sij^an h6 ges&de swefen cyninge,

Jaet h6 &r for firenum onfdn ne meahte,

Babilonie weard, in his bre'bstlocan.

168-184] DANIEL. 43

III.

The king still defiant. — Raises an idolatrous image in Dura.
— The people bow to it. — The three Hebrews refuse and
are threatened. — They are placed in the fiery furnace. —
Preserved from harm, they rejoice. — The king's anger and
wonder. — The song of Azariah. — Praises God and con-
fesses the sin of the Jews. — Pleads the covenant and prays
for help. — The angel of deliverance appears and saves
them. — The song of the three Hebrews. — All things praise
Jehovah, the Triune God. — The king and his chiefs take
counsel. — The leader pleads for the youth. — They come out
of the furnace to the king. — The angel ascends. — The king
praises God and favors his servants. — Acknowledges the
wisdom of Daniel.

N6 hwse]?ere ]>aet Daniel gedon mihte,

paet he" wolde metodes mihte gelyf an :
170 ac he wyrcan ongan weoh on felda,

}>am fe deVm6de Diran heton,

se wses on f&re fe'bde, J>e swa [J;rymlice hatte]

bresne Babilonige : f&re burge weard

anne manlican ofer metodes est
175 gyld of golde gumum ar&rde,

forf>am he gleW ne wses, gumrices weard

repe and r^edle'ks, rihtes [ne gymde].

pd wearj) haelefa hlyst, ]>a hl^b^or cw6m
byman stefne ofer burhware.
180 pa hie for }>am cumble on cne'bwum s&ton,
onhnigon t6 }>am herige h&}me fe'bde,
wurfedon wihgyld (ne wiston wr&stran r^ed) ,
efnedon unrihtd6m, swa hyra aldor dyde
mane gemenged, m6de gefrecnod :

44 DANIEL. [185-218

185 fremde folcmaegen, sw£ hyra freAa &rest

unr&d ef nde ; him J aes sefter becw6m

yfel endeleAan : unriht dyde !

p&r ]ri wjeron on J>aes j.dbdnes byrig

eorlas Israela, Jiset hie £ noldon
190 hyra fdbdnes d6m pafigan onginuan,

] set hie t6 ];am beOacne gebedu r.erde,

]:eAah fe \ &r on byrig byman sungon :

}>& waeron aej^elum Abrahames beam,

w&ron wjferfoeste, wiston drihten
195 ecne nppe aalmihtne.

Cnihtas cynegdde cup gedydon,

paet hie him ]?£et gold t6 gode noldon

habban ne healdan ac fone heAan eyning,

gasta hyrde, pe him gife sealde.
200 Oft hie t6 be^te balde gecw&don,

fast hie ]?aes wiges wihte ne r6hton

ne hie t6 ]>am gebede geb^dan mihte

ha^j-en heriges wisa, fset hie ]nder hweorfan wolden,

guman t6 fam gyldnan gylde, fe h6 him t6 gode

gete'bde.
205 pegnas ];&>dne saegdon, J»aat hie ])&re ge]?eahte niferon

" haaftas hdran in )isse heAan byrig,

paet ]ns [hisepengyld] h^rgan ne willaj)

ne Jnsne wig wurjngean, ]>e J/u pe t6 wundrum te'bdest."

p& him bolgenmdd Babilone weard
210 yrre andswarode ; eorlum omn&ldfl

grimme ]>am gingum and ge^ere oncwasp,

paet hie gegnimga gyldan sceolde

oj>]?e provvigean } reAanied micel,

frecne fyres wylm, nympe hie fripes wolde
215 wilnian t6 ]mm w^'rrestan, weras Ebrea,

guman t6 pam golde, \e he him t6 gode te'bde.

Noldon fe'ah }& hyssas by ran larum

in hige haepnum, hogedou georne,

219-251] DANIEL. 45

paet te godes ealle gel&ste
220 and ne awacodon wereda drihtue,

ne heAanrnaegeu hwyrfe in h&pend6m :

ne hie t6 facne freopo wilnedan,

pe'ah pe him se bitera d^ap gebodeu w&re.

pa wear]' yrre anm6d cyning :
225 h£t h6 [egeslice] ofn onh&tan

t6 cwale cuihta feorum, forpam pe hie his craeftas onsdcon.

pe he waes geglMed, swa h6 grimmest mihte,

fr6cne fyres Hg6, pa M ]/yder folc samnode

and gebindan h6t Babilone weard
230 grim and gealhm6d godes spelbodan,

het ]:a his scealcas scufan ]:a hj'ssas

in b&lblyse, beornas ginge.

Gearo waes, se him gdbce gefremede ; ] eAah ]>e hie swa
grome nydde

in faefm fyres lige, hwaapere heora feorh generede
235 mihtig metodes weard, swa fast maanige gefrunon,

halige him p&r help gete'bde. Sende him of heAan rodore

god gumena weard gast ]:one halgan ;

engel in pone ofn innan becwdm, paer hie past aglac drugon,

f re^bearn faepmum bepeahte under pam fyrenan hrdfe :
240 ne mihte jeAah heora wlite gewemman [ne him wroht
6pfaestan]

wylm pass w&fran liges, pa hie se waldend nerede.

Hre'bhmdd waes se h&pena pe^den, het hie hrape baernan :

aeled waes ungesceAad micel. pa waes se of en ouh&ted,

isen call purhglMed : hine paer esnas maenige
245 wurpon wudu on innan , swa him waes on wordum gedemed,

biferon brandas on byrne blaean fyres.

AYolde wulfheort cyning wall onsweallan

iserne ymb aafaeste, 6p paet up gewat

lig ofer le^fnm and purh lust gesloh
250 micld mare, ] onne gemet w;%re.

pa se lig gewand on lApe men

46 DANIEL. [252-286

h&J nc of halgum. Hyssas w&ron

blipem6de, burnon scealcas

ymb ofen titan : alet gehwearf
255 tdbnfullum on teso, p&r t6 geseah

Babilone brego. Blipe w&ron

eorlas Ebre"a, 6festum h6redon

drihten on dreAame, dydon swa hie cupon

ofne on innan aldr£ generede.
260 Guman glaedm6de god wurpedon,

under paes fsepme pe geflymed wearp

fr6cne tyres h&to : fre'bbearn wurdon

al&ten liges ganga ; ne hie him p&r lap gedydon :

naes him se sw£g t6 sorge pon ma ]:e sunnan scima ;
265 ne se byrne be'bt msecgum, penden in pam be^te wtferon,

ac paet fyr scyde to pam pe pa scylde worhton :

hweorfon pa h^epenan haeftas fram ] am halgum cnihton ;

weTigra wlite miusode, para pe py worc^ gef^gon.

Geseah pa swipmdd cyning, pa h6 his sefan ontreAowde,
270 wundor on wite agangen ; him paet wrseclic puhte :

hyssas hale hwurfon in pam hatan ofne

ealle aefaeste pry [unforbaarned] .

Him e'ac p^r wses an on gesyhpe

engel aelmihtiges : him p£r 6wiht ne derede,
275 ac waes p^er inne ealles gelicost

efne ponne on sumera sunne scinep

and de'awdrias on daege weorpep

winde geondsawen. paet waes wuldres god,

pe hie generede wip pam niphete.
280 pa Azarias ingepancum

hle'bprade halig purh hatne lig

d{feda georn ; drihten herede

wer womma leAas and pa word acwaep :

" Metod alwilita ! hwaet, pu eart mihtum swip
285 nipas t6 nergenne ! is pin nama mt'ere

wlitig and wuldorfaest ofer werpdbde !

287-321] DANIEL. 47

siendon J ine duinas in claga gehwam

s6fe and geswifde and gesigefaest,

swa f u eAac sylfa eart [sigores waldend] !
290 syndon fine willau on woruldsp£dum

rihte and gerume, rodora waldend !

Ge'bca user georne nu, gasta scippend,

and furh [hyldo] help, halig drihten,

nu w6 fee for f reAaum and for ] eVnj'dum
295 and for eAaf medum arna biddaf

lige" belegde ! W6 f aes lifgende

worhton on worulde, e'ac fon worn dyde

user yldran for oferhygdum,

br&con bebodo burhsittende,
300 had oferhogedon halgan lifes.

Siendon we t6wrecene geond widne grund

heAapum t6hworfene hylde leAase :

is user lif geond landa fela

fracop and gefrifige folca manegum,
305 fa usic bewra^con t6 fyes wyrrestan

eorfcyninga ^ehta gewealde,

on haeft heorugrimra, and we nu hatyenra

fe'bwned foliaf : ] ses ]e fane sie,

wereda wuldorcyning, f aat f u As fas wrace te'bdest !
310 Ne forl&t fu usic, ana ^ce drihten,

for f am miltsum f e fee men hllgaf

and for ] am tre'bwum fe fu tirum faest,

nifa nergend, genumen haefdest

t6 Abrahame and t6 Isaace
315 and 16 Jacobe, gasta scyppend !

fu him faet geh6te f urh hle'bforcwyde,

faat fu heora fromcyn in fyrndagum

lean wolde, faette aefter him

on cne'brissum cenned wurde,
320 and se'b maenigeo m^ere wa^re

hat td hebbanne, swa heofonsteorran

48 DANIEL. [.-

bebuga]> br&dne hwyrft 6}> J a brim faro,
j'ses s&faroj'a sand geond sealtne w&g
in eare gryndef, }>set j us his uniim a

325 in wintra worn wurj an sceolde.

Fyl nu frumspr&ce, Je'ah heora f(fa lifigen,
wlitiga ]>inne wordcwyde and ]>in wuldor on us !
gecyp craeft and miht, fset J>aet Calddas
and folca fela gefrigen habba]?,

330 }?a ]>Q under heofenum haefene liligea]',
and J>aet fu ana eart 6ce drihten,
weroda waldend, woruldgesceafta
sigora settend, s6j?faest metod !"
Swa se halga wer h^rgende waes

335 metodes miltse and his mihta spM

rehte furh reorde. pa of roderum wa3S
engel selbeorht ufan onsended,
wlitescyne wer on his wuldorhaman,
se him cw6m t6 frdfre and t6 feorhnere

340 mid lufan and mid lisse, se ]>one Ifg t6sceAaf
halig and heofonbeorht hatan fjres,
tdswe'bp bine and tdswende Jnirh )7a swipan miht
ligges le'bman, ]>set hyra lice ne wees
6wiht geegled : ac he1 on andan s!6h

345 fjr on fel)ndas for fyrendi'edum.

pa waes on ]?am ofne, ]>&r se engel becw6m,
windig and wynsum wedere gelicost,
fonne hit on sumeres tld sended weor}>e]>
dropena drelirung on dfeges hwile,
350 wearmllc wolcna scur : swylc bij> wedera cyst,
swylc waes on J>am fj^Te ff&n mihtum
halgum t6 helpe ; wear]) se hdta lig
t6drifen and t6dwaesced, f^er J>a d&dhwatan
geond fone ofen e'bdon and se engel mid
355 feorh nerigende, se p&r fe'brpa wses,
Ananias and Azarias

357-391] DANIEL. 49

find Misael. p&r fa m6dhwatan

fiy on gefancum j dbdeii hdredon ;

b&don bletsian beam Israela
360 eall landgesceaft 6cne drihten,

fe'bda waldend. Swa hie fry cwsedon

mddum horsce f nrh geni&ne word :

" pe" gebletsige, bylywit f seder,

woruldcraefta wlite and weorca gehwilc,
365 heofenas and englas and hluttor waster !

fa fe on roderum on rihtre gesceaft

wuniaf in wuldre, fa fee wurfiaf ,

and fee, aelmihtig, ealle gesceafte,

rodorbeorhtan tunglu, J?& ];e ryne healdaf,
370 snune and mdna, sundor anra gehwilc

herige in hMe ! and heofonsteorran,

deAaw and d^br scur, fa ]:ec d6mige

and fee, god raihtig, g^stas lofige !

byrnende fyr and beorht sumor
375 nergend hergaf , niht somod and dseg !

and fee landa gehwilc, le'bht and f e'bstro,

he'rige on hMe, somod hat and ceald !

and fee, fre^a mihtig, forstas and snawas,

winterbiter weder and wolcenfaru
380 lofige on lyfte ! and fee ligetu,

blace berhtmhwate, fa fee blestige !

eall eorfan grund, 6ce drihten,

hyllas and hrusan and heAa beorgas,

sealte saew^egas, sdffsest metod,
385 e'astre'am yfa and npcyme

waetersprync wylla, J a fee wurfiaf !

hwalas fee herigaf and hefonfugolas

lyftlacende ! fa f e lagostre'amas

wseterscipe wecgaf and wildu de'br
390 and ne'ata gehwilc namau bletsie,

and manna beam in6dum lufiaf

50 DANIEL. [392-426

and fee Israela, &hta scyppend,

herigaf in hade he'rran sinne !

and fee haligra heortan crseftas,
395 s6ffaestra gehwses sawle and gastas

lofiaf liffrelin, le'an sellende

eallum [sefsestum] £ce drihten !

Annanias fee and Adzarias

and Misael, metod, ddmige
400 bre'bstgef ancum ! We fee bletsiaf ,

fre'a folca gehwses, feeder selmihtig,

s6}> sunu metodes, saw la nergend,

haelefa helpend, and }>ec, halig gast,

wurfia}? in wuldre, witig drihten !
405 w6 fee herigaf , halig drihten,

and gebedum bremaf ! ]> u gebletsad eart

gewurfad [wide] ferhf ofer worulde hr6f

he'ahcyning heofones halgura mihtum

lif es le^>htf ruma ofer landa gehwilc ! "
410 pd fa3t ehtode ealdor pdbde

Nabochodonossor wif fam n^hstum

folcgesifum : " past e'bwer fela geseah,

fe'bde mine, fset we ]>ry sendon

geboden t6 b£le in byrnende
415 fyres legman ! Nu ic f^er fe'bwer men

gese'b t6 s6fe : nales me sef a le^>gef ! "

pd cwsef , se ]?e waes cyninges r^eswa

wis and wordgleliw : " pset is wnndra sum,

faet w6 ]) ^er e'agum on 16ciaf !
420 gefenc, fe'bden min, fine gerysna !

ongyt georue, hwd f^ gyfe sealde

gingum gaedelingum ! hie god herigaf

anne ecne and ealles him

be naman gehwam on ne'bd sprecaf ,
425 fanciaf frymmes fristum wordum,

cwefaf he sie ana aelmihtig god,

427-458] DANIEL. 51

witig wuldorcyning worlde and heofona.

Aban pu p£ beornas, brego CaldeAa,

ut of ofne ! nis pset dwihtes g6d,
430 pset hie slen on pam lape leng ponne pu purfe."

H£t pa se cyning t6 him cnihtas gangan :

hyssas hearde hyrdon lare,

cyrdon cynegdde, swa hie gecypde wseron,

hwurfon haslep geonge t6 pam h&penan foran :
435 w&ron p& bendas forburnene, ] a him on b&num 14gon,

lapsearo le'bda cyninges, and hyra lice geborgen ;

nses hyra wlite gewemmed ne n«mg wr6ht on hraegle,

ne feax fyr^ beswseled, ac hie on fripe drihtnes

of fam grimman gryre glade treddedon
440 gleAawm6de guman on gastes hyld.

pa gewat se engel up, s^cftn him e"ce dreOamas,

on heAahne hr6f heofona rices,

heh]?egen and hold halgum metode :

hsefde on J^am wundre gewurfod, ]> e ]>a gewyrhto ahton.
445 Hyssas h£redon drihten for fam hifepenan folce,

sewton hie s6}>cwidnm and him ssedon fela

sdpra tacna, 6]> ]?set he sylfa gelyfde,

faet se w«re mihta waldend, se ]>e hie of }?am mirce
generede.

Gebe'ad pa se brsesna Babilone weard
450 swij>m6d sinum le^dum, ])aet se w^re his aldre scyldig,

]>Q J?aes onsdce, ]-sette s6]> w^ere

m^iere mihta waldend, se hie of pam morpre alysde.

Agoef him pa his le'bda lafe, pe peer gel&dde w^eron,

and n^hte ealdfe^ondum, past hie are haefdon.
455 Waes heora blsed in Babilone, sippan hie pone bryne
fandedon ;

d6m wearp aefter dugupe gecyped, sippan hie drihtne
gehyrdou ;

wteron hyra nledas rice, sippan hie rodera waldend

halig heofonrices weard wip pone hearin gescylde.

52 DANIEL. [459-486

pa ic s£can gefroegn sdjwm wordum,
460 siff an he wuudor onget [worden in ofne]

Babilone(s) weard furh bryne fyres,

hu fa hyssas fry hatan ofnes

f&rgryre fyres oferfaren haefdon,

wylrn furhw6don, swa him wiht ne sce'bd
465 grim gl6da nif . godes spelbodan,

frecnan fyres, ac him frif drihtnes

wip ])&s egesan gryre aldor gescylde.

pa se p^bden ongan gepinges wyrcan,

het J?a tdsomne sine le'bde
470 and ]?a on fain mefle ofer menigo bebe'ad

wyrd gewordene and wuudor godes,

faette on fain cnihtum gecyf ed wses :

u Onhicgaf nu halige mihte,

wise wundor godes ! w6 gesawon,
475 faet h6 wif cwealme gebearh cnihtum on ofne

lacende lig, ] am fe his lof b£ron :

forf am h^ is ana 6ce aelmi'htig

[dugofa] drihten, se fe him d6m forgeaf,

sp6wende sped, fam fe his spel beraf :
480 forfon witigaf furh wundor monige

halgum gastum, fe his hyld curon.

Cuf is, faet m6 Daniel dyglan swefnes

sdfe ges&de, fset £r swife 6fst6d

manegum on m6de minra le^)da,
485 forfam aelmihtig eAacenne gast

in sefan sende, snyttro craeftas."

487-511] DANIEL. 53

IV.

Still, the king is defiant. — His dream and vision of the great
tree. — Summons his icise men to interpret. — Daniel
summoned. — Interprets the dream as prophetic of the
king's fate. — Pride and downfall of the king. — His ref-
ormation and re-establishment. — Acknowledgment of God.
— His public acts and death.

Swa worflum spnec werodes rseswa,

Babilone weard, sipjmn he1 beAacen onget,

swutol tacn godes : n6 J,y se~l dyde,
490 ac ]>am as] elinge oferhygd gesce6d,

wear]> him hyrra hyge and on heortan gefanc

maran m6dsefan, J:onne gemet w£re,

6]> l-set hine mid nyde ny]?or asette

metod aalmihtig, swa he1 manegum dej>
405* fara ];e jnirh oferhyd up astige]>.

pa him wear]? on sl&pe swefen aet^'wed

Nabochodonossor : him }>set n^h gewearp ;

pulite him, pset on foldan fsegre st6de

wudube'am wlitig, se wses wyrtum fsest,
500 beorht on bl^edum ; nses h6 bearwe gelic,

ac he" hlifode t6 heofontunglum,

swilce he1 oferfse^mde foldan sce'atas,

ealne middangeard 6p merestreAamas,

twigum and telgum, ]r&r he t6 geseah :
r>05 ]>uhte him, f-aet se wudube'am wildde'br scilde,

ane £te eallum hdblde,

swylce fuglas eAac lieora feorhnere

on fses beAames bledum name ;

futile him, ] aet engel ufan of roderum
510 stigan cw6me and stefne abe'kd

torhtan reorde, het ]£t tre'bw ceorfau

54 DANIEL. [512-546

and )>a wilddbr on weg fl^bn

swylce e'ac j a fugolas, fonne his t'yll c6me ;

h6t Jxrnne besn&dan seolfes bl£dum,
515 twigum and telgum and peh tacen wesan,

wunian wyrtruman paes wudubelimes

eor}>an faestne, 6f> fast eft cyme

grene bl£da, Jxmne god sylle ;

h6t e'ac gebindan beAam fone miclan
520 &renum clarnmum and isernum

and ge's&ledne in snsl d6n,

paet his m6d wite, faet mihtigra

wite wealde]?, j^onne h6 him wi}> m^ge.

pa of slaepe onwdc (swefn waes aet ende)
525 eorflic aapeling : him fses egesa st6d

gryre fram ]>am gaste, ]>e pyder god seiide.

H6t }>a tdsomne sine le^xle,

folctogan ; fraegn ofer ealle

swi])m6d cyning, hwset faat swefen bude -•
530 nalles J>y he w^nde, ]>aat hie hit wiston,

ac he cunnode, hu hie cwefan woldon.

pa waes t6 ]?am d6me Daniel haten,

godes spelboda : him wses g^est geseald

halig of heofonum, se his hyge tiymede ;
535 on ]>am drihtenweard de'bpne wisse

sefan sidne gej>anc and snytro craeft,

wisne wordcwide. Eft h£ wnndor manig

metodes mihta for men aetbaer,

fa he" secgan ongan swefnes wdrnan
540 he'ahheort and haapen heriges wisa

ealne J/one egesan, J;e him e'bwed wj'ts,

baad hine areccan, hwaet seT) run bude,

h6fe haligu word and in hige funde

t6 gesecganne s6]nim wordum,
545 hwset se belim bude, fe h6 blican geseah,

and him witgode wyrda gej'ingu.

647-581] JDAKIEL. 55

H6 pa swigode : hwaepere s6]> ongeat

Daniel set pam d6me, pset his drihten wses

gumena aldor wip god scyldig ;
550 wandode se wisa ; hwsepre he" word6 cwsep

arcrseftig ar t6 pam sepelinge :

" pset is, weredes weard, wundor unlytel,

pset pu gesawe purh swefen cuman

heofonheAane beAam and ]>a halgan word
555 yrre and egeslicu, )>a se engel cwsej),

)>8et fset tre'bw sceolde telgum besn^eded

foran afeallan, J>aet &r faeste st6d,

and ]?onne mid de'brum dr^kml^ks be'bn,

w^sten wunian and bis wyrtruman
560 foldan befolen fyrstmearc wesan

stille on staj>ole, swa se'b stefn gecwae]>,

ymb seofon tlda s^ede eft onfdn :

swa |)ln bl£d lip ! Swa se be'km gewe'bx

he'ah t6 beofonum, swa pu hselepum eart
565 ana eallum eorpbuendum

weard and wlsa : nis J>e wiperbreca

man on moldan nym]>e metod ana,

se ]>ec aceorfe]? of cyningddme

and pec wineleAasne on wr&c sendep
570 and ponne onbweorfep heortan pine,

pset pu ne gemyndgast sefter mandr^eme

ne gewittes w&st butan wild^bra peAaw,

ac pu lifgeude lange prage

heorta h^pum geond holt wunast :
575 ne bip pec m&l m£te nympe mdres graes

ne rest witod, ac pec regna scur

w£cep and wrecep swa wildu de'br,

6p pa3t pu ymb seofon winter s6p gelyfest,

paet sie an metod eallum maunum
580 reccend and rice, se on roderum is.

Is m^ swa pe'ah willa, paet se wyrtruma

56 DANIEL. [582-616

stille waes on stafole, swa se'b stefn gecwsef ,

and ymb seofon tide s&de onfenge :

swa fin rice restende bij>
585 anw!6h for eorlum, 6]) faet fu eft cymst.

Gehyge fu, freli min, faestlicne r&d :

syle selmyssan, wes earmra hle'b,

finga for fe'bdne, &r fain se'b ] rah cyme,

f set h6 fee aweorpe of woruldrlce !
590 Oft metod al£t monige fe'bde

[we'an and] wyrcan, fonne hie woldon sylfe

firene fsestau, ^er him f&r godes

Ipurh egesan gryre aldrd gescedde."

N6 faes fela Daniel t6 his drihtne gespraec
595 s6pra worda furh snytro craeft,

faet faas a se rica r^can wolde

middangeardes weard, ac his mdd astah

he'ah fram heortan : h^ J>ses hearde ongeald !

Ongan )>a gyddigan }>urh gylp micel
600 Caldea cyning, fa h6 ceastre weall,

Babilone burh, on his bl&de geseah

Sennera feld sidne bewindan,

he^h hlifigan, \ set se heretyma

werede geworhte furh wundor micel
605 (wearf fa anhydig ofer ealle men

swifm6d on sefan for f&re sundorgife,

J>e him god sealde gumena rice

world t6 gewealde in wera life) :

u pu eart se^> micle and min se'b ma^re burh,
610 f e ic geworhte t6 wurfmyndum,

rume rice ! ic reste on fe,

card and 6fel agan wylle ! "

pa for ]>am gylpe gumena drihten

forfangen wearf and on fleAam gewat,
615 ana on oferhyd ofer ealle men.

Swa w6d wera on gewindagum

617-C51] DANIEL. 57

g^bcrostne sty in godes wite,

)>ara ];e eft lifigende l&xle beg6te,

Nabochodonossor, sif>J>an him ni}> godes
620 hre]> of heofonum hete gescel>de.

Seofon winter somod susl ]>rowode

wild^bra westen winburge cyning.

pa se earfo]>maecg up 16cade

wilde'bra gewita ]mrh wolcna gang ;
625 gemunde ]>a on m6de, J?aet me tod w&re

heofona heAahcyning hselepa bearnum

ana £ce gast. pa h6 eft onhwearf

w6dan gewittes, pses ]^e h^ aer wide baer

herew6san hige heortan getenge :
630 ]>a his gast ahwearf in godes gemynd,

m6d t6 mannum, sip])an h6 metod onget.

Gewat }>a earmsceapen eft styian

nacod nydgenga, ni]'ge^afa,

wundorlic wrsecca and w«eda lelis
635 m&tra on m6dgef>anc t6 mancynne,

fonne gumena weard in gylpe waes.

St6d middangeard sefter mandrihtne,

eard and ej el aefter )>am aefelinge

seofon winter samod, swa n6 swiprode
640 rice under rode rum, 6]> ]>set se r&swa c6m.

pfi wfies eft geseted in aldordom

Babiloue weard, hsefde beteran ] eAaw,

l^bhtran gele'afan in liffrurnan,

J^aette god sealde gumena gehwilcum
645 welan swa wite, swa he wolde sylf.

Ne lengde ]n\ le^>da aldor

witegena wordcwyde, ac h£ wide beOad

metodes mihte, ]>aes h6 meld ahte ;

sij>faet ssegde sinum le'bdum,
650 wide waj>e, ];e h6 mid wildddbrum ate'ah,

6]> ]>sdt him fr^an godes in gast becw6ra

58 DANIEL. [652-676

r&dfaest sefa, )>a he1 t6 roderum beseah.

Wyrd wses geworden, wundor gecyfed,

swefn geseped, susl awunnen,
655 d6ra geddmed, swa &r Daniel cwse}>,

]>set se folctoga findan sceolde

earfo}>si))as for his oferm£dlan,

swa he geornlice god spellode

metodes mihtum for mancynne.
660 SiJ>]>an in Babilone burhsittendum

lange hwile lare ssegde

Daniel d6mas. Sif)>an de'bra gesij?

wildra wsergenga of waj>e cw6m,

Nabochodonossor of ntywracum,
665 si)>|>an weardode wide rice,

he'bld haelepa gestre'bn and |?a he'an burh

fr6d foremihtig folca r&swa,

Caldea cyning, 6]> }>set him cwelm gesce'bd,

swa him ofer corf an andsaca ne wses
670 gumena £nig, 6|> [set him god wolde

]>urh hryre hreddan hell rice.

V.

Reign of Belshazzar. — His downfall and the transfer of the
kingdom to the Medes foretold. — Belshazzar' s feast. — The
desecration of the sacred vessels. — Defiance of God. —
The mysterious writing on the ivall. — Daniel summoned to
interpret. — His tvords to the king.

SifJ>an }>&r his aferan e'kd bryttedon,
welan, wunden gold in }>&re widan by rig,
ealhstede eorla nnwaclice,
675 h^ah hordmaegen, ]>a hyra hlaford l8pg.

pa in )>^re fe'bde aw6c his ]>&t ]>ridde cne'bw,

677-711] DANIEL. 59

wses Baldazar burga aldor,

w^blci wera rices, 6)> )>set him wlenco gescdbd,

oferhyd egle : }>£ w?es endedaeg,
680 J?ses ]>e Caldeas cyningd6m ahton,

]?a metod onlah Medum and Persum

aldorddmes ymb litel faec,

let Babilone bl&d swtyrian,

pone }>a haele]> healdan sceoldon ;
685 wiste he1 ealdormen in unrihtum,

fa ]?e ]>y rice* rsedan sceoldon.

pa ]> set gehogode hamsittende

Meda aldor, J>set ^er man ne ongan,

faet he Babilone abrecan wolde,
690 alhstede eorla, ]>^r aepelingas

under wealla hle'b welan brytnedon :

p£et waes fara fsestna folcum cufost,

nicest and mjerost, para pe men bun,

Babilon burga, 6}>]>set Baldazar
695 purh gylp grome godes freasade.

S&ton him set wine wealle belocene,

ne onSgdon na orlegra nij>

fe'kh ]>e fe'bnda folc f6ran cwdme

herega gertedum t6 ]>&re heAahbyrig,
700 }>aet hie Babilone abrecan mihton.

Gesaet ])a t6 symble sidestan dsegd

Calde'a cyning mid cne'binagum :

)>a^r medugal wear}) moegenes wisa,

h^ht J>a [on ^eht] beran Isra^la gestr^bn,
705 huslfatu halegu on hand werum,

]?a ^er Caldeas mid cyne^rymme'

cempan in ceastre cl&ne genamon,

gold in Gerusalem, ];a hie Jud^a

bl^ed forbrfficon billa ecgura
710 and ]>urh hle'bpor cyme herige genamon

torhte f net we, }>a hie tempel strudoii,

60 DANIEL. [712-746

Salomones seld : swipe gulpon.

pa wear]) blipem6d burga aldor,

gealp gramlice gode on andan,
715 cwaep paet his hergas hyrran w&ron

and mihtigran mannum t6 fripe,

ponne Israe"la e"ce drihten.

Him paes tacen wear}), ]~&r he t6 starude

egesltc for eoiium innan healle,
720 paet h6 for le'bdum lygeword gecwaep,

pa p&r in egesan engel drihtnes

le"t his hand cuman in ] aet he'aseld,

wrat fa in wage worda gerynu

baswe bdcstafas burhsittendum.
725 pa wear]? folctoga forht on m6de,

acul for ]>am egesan, geseah h^ engles hand

in sele wrlfcan Sennara wite.

paet gyddedon gnmena maenigeo

haele]> in healle, hwset se'b hand write
730 t6 )>am beAacne burhsittendum,

wered6 c6mon on ]?aet wundor sdbn :

s6hton }>a swipe in sefan gehydum,

hwaet se'b hand write haliges gastes.

Ne militon ar^edan runcraeftige men
735 engles airendbec, aBpelinga cyn,

6)> paet Daniel com drihtne gecoren

snotor and sdpfsest in pset seld gangan,

pam wses on gaste godes cntft micel.

T6 pam ic georne gefraegn gyfum ce'kpian
740 burge weard, paet h6 him bdcstafas

ar£dde and arehte, hwaet se^> run bude.

Him jlecraeftig andswarode

godes spelboda gleliw gepances :

" N6 ic wip feohsceattum ofer folc bere
745 drihtnes domas, ne [6 dugepe can !

ac ] e unce'apunga orlteg secge,

747-765] DANIEL. 61

worda gerynu, ]?£ ]>ft wendan ne miht.

pu for anmddlan in aeht b&re

huslf atu halegu on hand werum :
750 on )>am g6 ddbflu drincan ongunnon,

}?& ger Israela in se hsefdon

set godes earce, 6]> ];83t hie g}ip beswac,

windruncen gewit : sw& }^ wur]?an sceal !

N6 paet }>in aldor &fre wolde
755 godes goldfatu in gylp beran

ne ];y hra]>or hrdmde, ] e'ah fe here brohte

Israela gestrdbn in his &hte geweald,

ac )>aet oftor gecwse]? aldor pdbda

s6))um wordum ofer sin maegen,
760 sippan him wuldres weard wundor gecj^^de,

feet he w^ere ana ealra gesceaf ta

drihten and waldend, se him d6m forgeaf,

unscyndne blged eor]?an rices :

and ])h lignest nn, ]>sst sie lifgende,
765 se ofer deMum dugejmm wealde]> ! "

VARIANTS, BIBLIOGRAPHY,

AND

GLOSSARY.

VARIANTS.

CONTRACTIONS.

B., Bouterwek.
Diet., Dietrich.
Ettm., EttmUller.
Gr., Grein.

J., Jnnius.
L., Lye.

Ms., Manuscript.
Si., Sievers.

T., Thorpe.

EXODUS.

LINE

4. up-rodor, T.
8. werode, Ms. J.

16. andsaca, Ms. J.

17. mago-rseswum, B.

18. on wist (into the abundance},
Ms. J. B. T.

22. feonda (repeated"), Ms. J.

23. naegde — hnigan (to bow},~L.
27. sige rice, T.

33. ingere, Ms. T. (of old), iu
gere, B.

34. witum = wisum, T.
36. fele dreamas, B. T.

40. dryrmde, Ms. B. T., )>rys-
myde (ode} (cover}, Diet.

44. lab sih Ms. T.

45. freond, Ms., feond, T.

46. heofon (heaven}, T.

49. )>aes = >aet, B. T. ; swa = who.
55. mftgo-raewa, Ms. J.
57. leod-geard, Gr.
59. gfi>-myrce (hostile frontier} , T.
61. heald (heold), T., mor-heald
(marshy}, Diet.

66. aBlf-ere,Ms.T., ael-f ere (fare),
Diet., el-fare, Gr. ; aet-anes, J.

67. mearc-landum, T.

68. ge-nyddon, Ms. T. B.
70. beorh-hleoK T.

78. hate, Ms., haele> = haele)>as.

79. dseg-sceades, L.
81. swegle, Ms. B. T.
86. Omissions by copyist.
93. foran — foron.

104. lif-weg, Ms. B. T., lift-weg,
Diet.

105. swegl-site, Ms. B. T.

113. scea)>o, Ms. T.

114. neah(satis), Ettm.

119. oferclamme, Ms. T. B.,
faer-clamme, Diet.; ge-twaef, Ms.

121. bell egsan (cry of terror}, Ms.
Diet. T., bael egsan, B.

122. in J>am, B. T.

126. rihte, Ms.

127. sweoton, Ms.

128. leo, for leod, Ms.
131. beton, B. T.

66

VARIANTS.

LINE

134. f>an, Ms.

139. on nied, Ms. B. T.

141. Ms. here defective.

142. he, omitted B. T.

145. an-twig (about a rod), Ms.
T., an-wig, Diet.

157. of er holt (over theholt), Ms.T.

158. follows 160, Ms. B. T.

161. hwreopon, Ms. T., hreopan,
Si.; on wael, Diet.

162. hraefen gol, omitted B. T.

166. gu>es gifre, B.; beodan -
bidon (awaited), Gr.

167. ful (fowl), Ms. B. T.

169. ge-hseged (hemmed in), B.
T.; ge-hnseged (subdued), Diet.
172. segn-cyning, Ms.
176. hwsel, T.

178. freond on-sigon, Ms. B. T.

179. eagan, T.

181. heora-wulfas, Ms., here-w-,
T.B.

184. tirea-digra, B.

186. on )>am eor> (eard)rice, T.

190. inge(ginge) men, Diet.

191. cuj> eft ge-bad, B., (oft-)ge-
bad (awaited), Ms. T.

194. ec an-lseddon (also, led on),
B. T. L.

199. broj>ra, T.
204. wlence, Gr.

206. ge-lade (way), T. B. Diet.

207. ge-sce'bn, Diet.
216. benum, T.
222. burgum, Ms.

226. rofra, Gr.

227. sej>elan, B. T.
233. wac, Ms. B. T.

239. sweor(<jrne/*),Gr.,swor(sar),
T.

242-43. git, T. ; wigan, T.

246. ge-gan mihte, not in B. T.

249. beorhtost, Si.; bidon= biiton,
Ms., bugon, B., bufon, T.

LINE

253. beo-hata (surety), Ms. Diet.
T.B.
255. ge-hyrden.

264. moten.

265. egian,Ms., xgli&n (torment) ,
Diet.

271. bidden.

277. J>eod, Ms., )>eoden, T.
281. tacne, Ms. B. T.
283. waeteren, Diet. ; and, omitted
T., = for, Gr.
285. J>a = Her, T.

287. fage (variegated), Ms. B. T.

288. in ece (through eternity), T.

289. sealte, T., ssel>e, Diet.

290. bring, Ms. T.

291. span (join), Ms. Ettm. T.,
a-spaw, B.

296. rej>e, Diet.

298. wraeclicu (foreign), J.

305. yt>a weall, not in B. T.

307. hie, B., hi, T.; ge-hyrden,
Ms.

309. sances, Ms. B. T. ; bland =
blan (ceased), T.

313. anon orette, Ms. T., =onette,
T.

321. leor, Ms. T.

326. }>raca, Ms. T.

333. sse-wicengas, B. T.

339. gearu, Ms. T.

340. forb, omitted T.
343. gu>-cyste, Ms.

345. begong, not in T., be-gin,B.
350. for, omitted B. T. ; folcuni,
T. J.

362. nihe-flodas (dire floods) , T.
364. dren-floda, Ms.
369. falden (concealed), Diet.
374. saVlida, T.

384. ge-lirde, J.

385. stigan, T.
392. alhn, Ms. J.
396. ge-worhton.

VARIANTS.

67

LINK .

405. to lafe, Ms.

411. eaferan, B. T.

412. eagum (ecgum), T.

413. god, Ms. B. T.
424. aldre, B. T.

428. sceattas, Ms.; maegen.
431. ne, Ms., for he, J.
433. weard, omitted B. T.
436. yldo, Ms. B. T.
441. sund, Ms. J.
443. inca >eode, Ms. T., incre
>eode, B.

453. bltte (bleafcj), T.

454. ge-nap (cloud), Ms. T.
456. be-hindan, Ms.

465. eyre, Ms.

466. sses aet ende, Ms. B. T.

469. nere (refuge), L., nep (neap)
(haste), Gr., nef, T.

470. barenoden (laid bare), Ms.
B. T.

471. on, omitted T. B.

475. fah (hostile) waes se gaest, B.,
fah (fleah) faege gaest (spirit of
death), T.

487. elpend, Gr., helpendran, T.

490. steap, T. L.

491. witod (appointed), T., wit-rod
(rad) (magic), Diet.

498. on bogum, Ms. B. T.

499. mode-weega (proud waves),
Ms. B. T.

LINE

500. ge-drecte, Ms. J.

501. on-feond, Ms. J., on-fand, T.

502. grund, not in B. T.

503. J>aet waes, Ms. B. T.

504. hum (yet), B., heoro, T.,
(heora).

513. spilde, not in B. T.

514. te for he, T.
516. moyse, Ms. J.
518. nemned, T.

524. ginfaesten (widely powerful) ,
T.

525. ge-regenod (prepared),
Diet. B.

529. metodes, B. T.

531. lyst, B., = lif, T.

532. a-wyrded (spoiled), Diet.,
wirecum, Si.

534. healdefc Ms. B. T.

539. eftwyrd (afterward) , T.

545. is, omitted B. T.

555. ufon, Ms. B. T.

569. ge-feon, Ms. B.

570. hit = hie, T.

573. herge, omitted T., hild-
frumum, B.

585. madmas, Ms. B. T.

586-87. sceo(d), Ms. B. T.,
= sceode (divided), sceo-gold, L.

589. mee, Ms.

DANIEL.

19. an-forleton (abandoned), T.

22. ]>ege driht, Ms. J. ; hweorfan
for-lifgan, T. B.

29. me for hie, Ms. J.

34. )>eodne, T., J>am J>e, T.

35. wis}>e, Ms. J., wisode, B.
37. dugo>a dyrust, Ms. B. T.

38. herepoj>, Ms.

41. to J>sere, T.

53. het, after faran, T.

55. Her supplied, Gr.

56. lufan = lufon (leofan), T.

57. >a eac, Ms. B. T.
61. ge-streono, Ettm.

68

VARIANTS.

66. fea, Ms. T. B., feo(h), Ettm. ;
freos — freogas, Gr.

71. dema, Si.

73. otor (without), Ms.T.,ftton,B.

77. leode, Ms. B.

84. mihten.

88. frean, T. B., frae-g, Gr.

90. in god ssede (of good race), T.,
(fear of God), Diet!

97. cy)>don, Ms. T.

101. dsede = didon (T.)

118. woma, Ms. T.

119. waes = waef (contrived), Gr.
139. sefter, Ms. T.

141. ne ge, Ms.

148. sseden.

152. |?aes for waes, Ms. J.

160. wyrda (fates), T. B.

170. woh, Ms.

173. burh-weardas, B. T.

176. forj>am )>e, T.

177. riht, Ms.

189. >a )>e for hie, T.

191. rserdon, B. T., (raerden).

192. on herige, Ms.T.; byrige, D.
195. aelmihtigne, T.

197. gyld, Ms. B. T.

200. bote, Ms.

202. ge-bsedan (persuade) , T.

205. waeron, Ms. T. B.

206. hearan (proud), Ms. B. T.

207. began, Ms. J., heanian, B.,
hergan = heran.

214. woldon, T. B., (wolden).
216. gylde, B.

219-20. ge-lseston, T., ge-lsesten,
B., (a-wacoden).

221. (ne >an) msegen bwyrfe
(high course), T., (hwyrfen).

222. (wilneden).

227. ge-lseded, Ms. T. B.
232. genge, T. R.

234. fyr-liges, T.

235. weard (treasure), Gr.

LINE

236. haliga, T.

240. ne . . . 6J>-faesten, not in B. T.
247. on-stealle, Ms., on-steallan
(erect), T., on-stellan, B.
255. on teso (to destruction), Gr.
263. gange (course), Ms. T. B.

265. )>en, Ms.

266. fyr fyr-scyde, Ms. J.; fyr-
sian (remove), Diet.

267. halgan, B., (hwurfon) (cnih-
tum).

268. HKMs.B.; ge-fsegon,T.B.
277. deaw-drepan, B., deaw-drias

(dripas), Ms. T.

287. dseda for daga, Codex, Ex.
(sindon).

289. Interpolated line.

294. brea-nydum, T., )>earfum,
Codex, Ex.

296. be-legde, T.

297. dydon, T.

299. burh-sittendum, Ms. J.

301. (sindon).

305. t>a tis ec, Ms. T.

306. seht-ge-wealde, B.

311. hniga]> (incline), T. B. L.;
hligajj (invite), Gr.
317. frum-cyn, Ms.

321. had, B., ge-hat (promise), Gr.

322. oj> brim-flodas (sea), B.
324. ear-grynde, B., geond ear-

grund (sea-bottom), Codex, Ex., me
are gryndej>, Ms. T.; un-rima (in-
finite), Ms. T.

328. J>aet >a, T.

343. luoma(n), B. T. ; liges, B.

348. hit, not in Codex, Ex.

364. woruld sceafta wuldor, Co-
dex, Ex.

366. rihtne, T.

372-73. (domigen) (lofigen).

377. (herigen).

379. folcen farv (heaven's course),
T,

VARIANTS.

69

LINE

381. (blestigen) (bletsigen).

393. Jnnne (hyra), T.

404. wurj>a}>, B.

407. ge-wur>aK Ms. J., ferh>(e),
B. T.

410. ealde, B. T.

413. syndon, T.

416. selfa, B. T.

422. gaedelinge, B.

429. nis hit, B.

435. benne, T., (bendas).

442. heanne, Ms.

446. stepton (exalted}, B. T.;
hine, T.

451. se, B. T.

454. rahte (reahte), Diet., (haef-
den).

465. nU> ac godes, Ms.

480. raonig, B. T.

497. him ge-lic, T.

500. he = him, T.

508. naman, T., (namen).

518. wille, T.

538, mihte, B., mihtum, T.

LINK

554. heanne, B. T.

562. and yrnb, T.

563. bi>, T., lib = ligej>, Gr.
575. msel-mete, T.

582. wsere, T.

591. wean and, omitted in T.

600. weold, B. T.

603. heah (burh), B. T.

609. earj>, Ms. T.

616. wo> = waj> (way}, B. T.;
swa he, Gr.

618. be-rehte, T.

623. locode, T.

628. J>ses >e, B.

633. ge->afian, B., ->olian, T.

658. 6fstlice,B., god-spellode, Gr.

695. frea s*de, T., frasade
(tempt}, Diet.

710. hleo]?or-cwyde (prophecy},*?.

718. >*t, T.

740. burh-ge-weordas, B. T.

748. bere for baere, B. T.

756. ne = he, T.

BIBLIOGEAPHY.

A. EDITIONS.

1665. Ccedmonis Monachi Paraphrasis Poetica Genesios ac praecipu-
arum Sacra pagince Historiarum, abhinc annos M. LXX. Anglo- Saxonice
conscripta, et nunc primum edita a Francisco Junto, MDCLV. This
edition is in the old forms, without translation or comment. It is very
valuable, however, in being the first authentic edition. It was printed
at Amsterdam. The original Ms. on which it is based was found in
the seventeenth century by Usher^ through whom it came to Junius.
The Ms. was given by Junius to the Bodleian Library, at Oxford,
where it is still preserved. It is a small folio of 229 pages. The
remaining 17 pages (Book II.) are imperfect in style and transcription.

1832. Ccedmon's Metrical Paraphrase of Parts of the Holy Scriptures,
in Anglo-Saxon. By Benjamin Thorpe, London. This ranks as the
first Anglo-Saxon publication of the Society of Antiquaries in London.
The text is given in the old forms and is translated into English. It
has preface, notes, and a valuable verbal index.

1851-54. Ccedmon's des Angelsachsen biblische Dichtungen. By K. W.
Bouterwek. Elberfeld and London. This edition is an exhaustive one.
After a scholarly introduction, there follow the text with critical
notes ; the translation into German Prose, and the Glossary, in Saxon
and Latin. It closes with an Anglo-Latin verbal index, and an index
of selected Anglo-Saxon words.

1857. Ausgabe von Chr. Grein in seiner : Bibliothek der Angelsdchsi-
schen Poesie. Gb'ttingen. This edition of our oldest poetry, including
Caedmon, has valuable notes and an invaluable Glossary.

Wiilker's promised complete revision of Grein, part of which has
appeared (1883), will be awaited with scholarly interest.

B. TRANSLATIONS.

1832. In Thorpe's edition, already mentioned, the translation is in
English Verse.

72 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1851-54. In Bouterwek's edition, as mentioned, this translation is in
German Prose.

1852-54. Ccedmon's Schopfung und Abfall der bosen Engel By J. P.
E. Greverus. Oldenburg. This, also, is in German Prose.

1857. In Grein's Dichtangen der Angelsachsen, is found a translation in
German verse, alliterative in character. Gottingen.

1860. The Fall of Man or Paradise Lost of Ccedmon. By W. H. F.
Bosanquet. London. This is a free rendering in English heroic verse
of a portion of Genesis.

There is an introduction on Csedmon's Versification.

C. MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORITIES.

Watson's Ccedmon, the first English Poet.

Turner's History of the Anglo- Saxons.

Conybeare's Illustrations of A. S. Poetry (1826).

Wright's Bwgraphica Britannica Literaria. Vol. I., 1850.

Ettmiiller's Scopas and Boceras (Engla and Seaxna).

Ettmiiller's Handbuch der deutechen Litteraturgeschichte. 1847.

Taine's History of English Literature.

Morley's English Writers. Vol. I., Part I.

Hammerich's Alteste christliche Epik. 1874 (translated).

Grein's Angelsdchsische Grammatik. 1880.

Ten-Brink's Early English Literature (to Wiclif).

Bouterwek's Ccedmon (Introduction).

Brother Azarias' Development of English Literature.

Longfellow's Poets and Poetry of Europe. 1838.

G. P. Marsh's Origin and History of the English Language.

Bouterwek's Ueber Ccedmon. Elberfeld, 1845.

Sievers' Collationen, in Haupt's Zeitschrift. Bd. 15.

Dietrich's Textverbesserungen : Zu Caedmon, in Haupt's Zeitschrift.
Bd. 10.

Pfeiffer's Germania. Bd. 10.

Sandras' De Carminibus Anglo- Saxonicis Ccedmoni. Paris, 1859.

Balg's Der Dichter Ccedmon. Bonn, 1882.

Gotzinger's Ueber die Dichtungen. Gottingen, 1860.

Bede's Histor. eccles. gentis Anglorum. Lib. IV., cap. 24. Holder's
edition. 1882.

Strobl's Exodus, in Pfeiffer's Germania. XX.

Ebert's Exodus, in Anglia. Bd. V.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 73

Kemble's Bibliotheca Anglo- Sax. 1837.

Anglia, X. Band. 1 Heft. (1887), pp. 157-167.

In other authors, as Zupitza, Grimm (J), Groschopp, and in other
periodicals, as Englische Studien, Zeitscrift fur deutsche Philologie,
etc., helpful material on Caedmon and related topics may be found.
The above Bibliography, given, in the main, in Wulker's Grundriss, is
meant to be but partial, the more exhaustive collation being left to the
editor of Genesis.

CONTRACTIONS.

B., Beowulf.

D., Daniel.

Ex., Exodus.

f., feminine.

ra., masculine.

M., March (figures after M. refer to

M.'s Grammar),
n., neuter.

pret.-pres., preterite-present.

S., Sweet.

St., strong.

st. v., strong verb.

w., with.

wk., weak.

wk. v., weak verb.

Other contractions will be easily understood by the student.

GLOSSABY.*

The genitive singular and the gender of each noun are given, as, also, the three chief
parts of each verb. Sweet's classification of strong and of weak verbs, as found in
the last edition of his Reader, is given; also, that of March. The order of words is
strictly alphabetical. Any omission of words or definitions or chief parts of irregular
verbs may be supplied by a reference to Harrison and Baskervill's Dictionary.

A.

a, adv., ever, always, forever, D.
189, 324, 596.

ti-bannuu, ben, bannen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to order, summon,
proclaim, call out or away, a-
ban >u Hi beornas, D. 428.

a-be'bdan, be'ad, boden, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to order, command,
announce, offer, stefne a-bead,
D. 510.

Abraham, -es, st. m., Abraham.
sunum Abrahames (Israelites) ,
Ex. 18, 273, 379, etc.

a-brecan, braec, brocen, st. v.,
S. 4, M. 1, to break, break open,
conquer, take by storm, destroy.
haefde . . . a-brocene, Ex. 39;
a-brocen ha3fdon, D. 63, 689,
700.

a-bredan, br£d, brOden, (bre-
den), st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to swing,
draw, remove, withdraw, draw
back, e'bw is lar godes a-bro-
den of bre~ostum, Ex. 269.

a-bregdan, braegd, brogden,

(bregden), see a-bredan.
a-bre'btan, bre'at, broten, st. v.,

S. 7, M. 3, to break, break to
pieces, destroy, kill, billum a-
brebtan, Ex. 199.

a-brocen, see a-brecan.

a-brdden, see a-bredan.

ac, conj., but, but yet, but also.
Ex. 415, 456, 488, etc. ; D. 107,
118, 170, etc.

a-ceorfan, cearf, corfen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to cut, cut off, hew,
separate.

acl, adj., clear, sounding, sonorous,
Ex. 578.

acol, adj., timid, affrighted, ex-
cited by fear, D. 124; acul, D.
726.

a-cwej>an, cwse]>, cweden, st. v.,
S. 5, M. 1, to speak out, say out,
say. t>a word a-cwaej>, D. 283.

ad-f$r, -es, st. n.,fire of the fune-
ral pile , fire of sacrifice. a"d-f yr
on-bran, Ex. 398.

a-dranc, see a-drincan.

* For the reading of the Glossary, both in Ms. and proof, the editor
is greatly obliged to Professor J. M. Garnett, of the University of Virginia,
and to Charles W. Kent, Ph.D., of the University of Virginia, for valuable
aid in the accentuation of the Glossary.

76

GLOSSARY.

a-drencan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to drown, submerge.
maegen wses a-drenced, Ex.
458.

a-drincan, dranc, druncen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to be drowned,
immersed, quenched. lig-fyr
adranc, Ex. 77.

Adzarias, -as, st. m., Azariah,
D. 91.

£, st. f., indec., law, right, reli-
gious nte(s}, D. 106, 219.

ae-crseft, -es, st. m., skill in the
law, knowledge of the law, reli-
gious observance^}, hie (Is-
rael) se-craeftas ane for-leton,
D. 19.

aVcraeftig, adj., skilled in the law,
wise, D. 742.

£-f aest, adj . , observant of the law,
devout, pious, se-faeste cnihtas,
D. 89, 248, 272, etc.

£fen, -es, st. n., even, evening.
sef ena ge-hwam = every evening,
Ex. 108.

aefen-le'bjj, -es, st. n., an evening
song, atol aefen-le'bK Ex. 165,
201.

aef-last, -es, st. m., a wandering
from the way, departure, aef-
las turn ge-wuna = wo nt to wan-
derC?}, Ex. 473.

aefre, adv., ever, always, D. 139.

aefter, prep. w. dat., (a) local,
after, over, along, among, through,
throughout. aefter . . . flod-
wege — along the flood-way , Ex.
106 ; aefter beorgum = along or
over the slopes, Ex. 132, 212;
la> aefter lajmm, Ex. 195. So Ex.
331, 340, 347, 350, etc.; sefter
foldan - over the earth, Ex. 396 ;
aefter burgum = through the
cities, Ex. 510.

(6) temporal, after, during,
throughout, Ex. 5, 109, 299, 564,
D. 78.

(c) causal, after, about, on ac-
count of, in consequence of, for
the purpose of. aefter ma>mum =
according to treasures, Ex. 143.
w. ace. = after, according to,
D. 456, 571, 637, etc.

sefter, adv., after, afterward, then,
thereupon, word aefter spraec,
Ex. 417, D. 186.

£g-hwa, adj. pro. indef., every
one, everything, seg-hwaes = at
all, quite, altogether, D. 107.

aeg-hw£>er, indef. pro., each,
each (of two} , either, both, M.
136, 5 (6). >ara 8eg-hw£)>er =
each of which, Ex. 95.

aegrhwilc, indef . pro. , every, every
one, each one, whosoever, Ex.
188. cu]>e seg-hwilc = each one
knew, Ex. 351.

seg-hwylc, see aeg-hwilc.

aegnian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to vex, frighten, disquiet, tor-
ment, aegnian mid yrm)>um,
Ex. 265.

aeht, -e, st. f., property, posses-
sion^}, riches, power, in £ht
f or-geaf = gave into (his} pos-
session, Ex. 11, D. 34, 43, 67,
704, etc.

ael-beorht, adj., very bright, all-
glorious, shining, D. 337.

teled, -es, st. m., fire, fire-brand,
burning, D. 243.

ael-faer, -e, st. f., the whole army,
army, mid ael-fere, Ex. 66.

sel-fer, see sel-fser.

sel-meahtig, see ael-mihtlg.

ael-messe, see ael-mysse.

ael-mihtig, adj., almighty, D. 274,
368, etc.

GLOSSARY.

77

ael-mysse, -an, wk. f., alms, alms-
giving, benefit, D. 587.

&nig, indef. pron., any, any one,
a single one. J?ebda senigre^
any nation, Ex. 326, 455, 508;
gumena senig= any man, D. 670.

&r, adv., ere, earlier, before, soon-
er, early, Ex. 28, 138. J>ser aer
= where before, Ex. 457. Also,
prep, aer glade = before sunset,
Ex. 293 (?) ; aer-^on = before that,
D. 35, 116.

&r-daeg, -es, st. m., dawn, early
day, morn, to >am £er-daege =
at dawn, Ex. 198.

&r-df&>, -es, st. m., early death,
Ex. 539.

&ren, adj., brazen, made of brass,
Ex. 216, D. 520.

aerende, -es, st. m., message, tid-
ings, business, (errand), de'cp
aerende = an important message,
Ex. 518.

serest, adj. and adv., sup. of ser,
first, erst, at first, before all, D.
133, 185,

aerend, -bOc, -e, st. f.,a message,
letter, D. 735.

&r-glaed, adj., gleaming in brazen
arms, shining, Ex. 293(?).

aarost, sup. of aer, see aerest.

aet, -es, st. m., food, meat, aetes
on wenan = in hope of food, Ex.
165.

aet, prep. w. dat., (a) local, at,
near, by, on, in, with, upon, as
to. landes set ende, Ex. 128,
466.

(6) temporal, at, at the time
of, during, near, in, to. aet si-
hestan = at last, D. 31 ; set
frym^e— in the beginning, at
first, D. 35; set iniddere niht =
at midnight , Ex. 37 ; set eiide =

at an end, Ex. 267 ; set win-J>ege,
D. 17.

w. ace. = to, up to, into, as
far as, as to.
aet-beran, baer, boren, st. v., S.

4, M. 1, to bring to, carry to,
produce, bear away, show, D.
538.

aet-gaedere, adv., together, at the

same time, Ex. 190, 214, etc.
;e< -ni ma n. nain, numen, st. v.,

5, 4, M. 1, to take from, take
away from, deprive, ne wolde
him . . . beam set-niman, Ex.
414.

set-ywan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to disclose, show, announce,
appear.

^E}>an, -es, st., Etham, Ex. 66.

sej^ele, adj., noble, illustrious, Ex.
186. ae>eles cynnes = of noble
race, Ex. 227, D. 89, 193.

aej>eling, -es, st. n., nobleman,
chief, prince, man, (God), D.
525, 551, etc.

eejjelo, st. f. and n. plu., rank,
nobility, family, noble descend-
ants, Ex. 339, 353.

ae>elu, see aej>elo.

a-faeran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to terrify, frighten, make to
fear, folc waes a-faered, Ex.
446.

a-faestnian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to fasten, bind, fix on or
upon, strengthen, Ex. 85. sear-
wum a-faestnod, D. 40.

a-faran, fdr, faren, st. v., S. 2,
M. 4, to go forth, go away, de-
part, remove, lit a-foron, D. 6.

a-feallan, fe'bl, feallen, st. v., S*
1, M. 5, to fall, fall down, make
to fall, kill, f oran a-feallan , D.
557,

78

GLOSSARY.

afera, -an, wk. m., son, descend-
ant, successor, = (e)afora, Ex.
411.

Afrisc, adj., African, of Africa,
Ex. 579.

after, see aefter.

agan, a lite, pret. pres., to own,
have, possess, Ex. 317. se be
sped ahte, Ex. 513, D. 62, 612,
680, etc.

a-gangan, geng, gangen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to pass by, pass over,
happen, befall, go forth, on wite
a-gangen, D. 270.

agen, adj., own, peculiar, proper,
Ex. 418.

agend, -es, st. m., part., master,
lord, owner, Ex. 295.

a-gifan, geaf, (gaef), glfen, st.
v., S. 5, M. 1, to give back, re-
store, deliver, give up, impart,
lose, a-gaef him ... laf e, D. 453.

a-gitan, geat, giten, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to bring to nought, destroy,
put out, overturn. (mere-deli>)
. . . a-geat gylp wera = brought
to nought their boasting, Ex. 514.

ag-lac, -es, st. m. and n., grief,
misery, torment, bitter hate, mis-
fortune, fighting, D. 238.

ag-l£c, see ag-iac.

a-hafen, see fi-hebban.

a-hebbaii, h6f, hafen, st. v., S.
2, M. 4, to heave up, raise, exalt,
erect, bord up a-hof , Ex. 253,
581, etc.

a-hicgan, hogode (ade), od, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to think out, de-
vise, search, invent, D. 130, 147.

A-hlcapan. hle'bp, hleapen, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to leap up, spring
up, jump, exalt, a-hle'bp . . .
hilde-calla = the war -her aid
sprang up, Ex. 252.

a-hle'bp, see A -h lea pan.
a-h6f, see a-hebban.
a-hweorfan, hwearf, hworfen,

st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to turn aside,
away from, to turn, move, D.
630, etc.

a-hycgan, see a-hicgan.

a-hydan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to hide away, conceal, hide.
heolstor a-hydan, Ex. 115.

fi-l&dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to lead forth, lead, come forth,
produce, ut a-lsedde, Ex. 187.

a-laHan, let, l£ten, st. v., S. 1,
M. 5, to permit, endure, allow,
pardon, give up, free, D. 254,
263, etc.

aid, adj., old, of yore, ancient,
aged, Ex. 33, 285; as noun,
ealde, Ex. 359 ; as comp. yldra
= elder, Ex. 141, 403, etc.

aldor, -es, st. m., chief, master,
lord, prince, (elder) ; pi. ances-
tors, le^oda aldor, Ex. 12 ; we-
rodes aldor, Ex. 31, 270, D. 467,
549, etc.

aldor, -es, st. n., life, age, old age,
time, D. 450. awa to ealdre =
forever, Ex. 424.

aldor-ddm, -es, st. m., power,
sovereignty, dominion, Ex. 317,
335, D. 641, 682, etc.

aldor-fre'a, -an, wk. m., king,
chief, lord, D. 46.

aldor-lagu, -e, st. f., fate, ap-
pointed time, life's destiny, death.
dat. aldor-lege, D. 139.

a-lesan, laes, lesen, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to choose, select, pick out.
haefde . . . alesen, Ex. 183;
waes . . . alesen, Ex. 228.

alh, -es, st. m., hall, palace,
shrine, temple, alh haligne, Ex.
392.

GLOSSARY.

79

alh-stede, -es, st. m., a hall-place,
palace, D. 690.

all, see eall. As noun, D. 62.

al-walda, -an, wk. m. ; also adj.,
almighty, almighty one, all-rul-
ing (God}, ece al-walda, Ex.
11.

al-wihte, st. f. plu., all things,
creation, Ex. 420. metod al-
wihta = disposer of all, God,
D. 14.

a-lyfan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to allow, grant, concede, leave.
a-lyf ed . . . lebde = it was per-
mitted the people, Ex. 44, 532.

a-lysan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to ransom, release, se hie
. . . a-lysde = who them released,
D. 452.

an, num. adj., one, the one, a cer-
tain one, single, alone, only,
each, every, anes modes = of
one mind, Ex. 305; an (on-
orette) = alone, Ex. 313 ; he ana
= he alone, Ex. 439 ; an (wisode)
= a certain one, Ex. 348 ; anra
ge-hwilc = each one, Ex. 187,
227 ; an ... 6>er = the one, the
other, D. 91; ane for-leton =
left alone, forsook, D. 19.

Ananias, st. m., Hananiah, D.91.

an-bid, -es, st. n., delay, waiting,
hope, expectation, Ex. 533.

and, conj., and, Ex. 1, 10, 13, 19,
etc., D. 6, 60, 89, etc.; prep.,
with, over, against, on, into, for,
before, and weal-f aesten = into
or for a wall(?) , Ex. 283. Also,
as a prefix, and-saca, Ex. 15.

anda, -an, wk. m., anger, envy,
hate, D. 344, 714.

an-daege, adj., for one day, daily.
an-dsegne fyrst, Ex. 304, M.
295 (a).

and-saca, -an, wk. m., adver-
sary, enemy, denier, apostate.
godes and-sacan = deniers of
God, (enemies), Ex. 15, 502, D.
669.

and-swarian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to answer, reply, D. 127,
782, etc.

and- wig, -es, st. m., repulse, re-
sistance, battle, Ex. 145.

anga, wk. adj., sole, only, angan
. . . yrf e-laf e — only inheritance
(heir} (Isaac}, Ex. 403.

an-getrum, -es, st. n., a host,
squadron, an illustrious host, an
array, Ex. 334.

an-gin, -es, st. n., a beginning, an
attempt, undertaking, action, a
cause, D. 125.

an-hydig, adj., single-minded,
firm, constant, brave, D. 605.

an-l&dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to lead on, conduct to, Ex.
194.

{in-medla, -an, wk. m., pride, ar-
rogance, insolence, D. 748.

an-mdd, adj., of one mind, with
one accord, unanimous, brave,
steadfast, Ex. 203.

an-pae>, -es, st. m., a narrow or
lonely path, Ex. 58.

an -wad an, wdd, waden, st. v.,

5. 2, M. 4, to invade, come upon,
attack, seize upon, hie (Israel)
wlenco an-wod, D. 17.

an-w!6h, adj., ornamented,
adorned, D. 585.

ar, -es, st. m., a messenger, ser-
vant, legate, man, D. 551.

ar, -e, st. f., glory, honor, fame,
grace, help, favor, D. 454.

a-r£dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to interpret, decipher, unfold,
reveal, D. 734, 741.

80

GLOSSARY.

a-r&man, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

(5, to rise, stand up. up a-rsem-

de se eorl, Ex. 411.
a-r&ran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to rear, elevate, lift up, arouse,

rise up, Ex. 295, 320, D. 191.
a-ras, see a-risan.
ar-craeftig, adj., strong in honor,

honorable, respectful, D. 551.
are, -aii, wk. f., dignity, honor.

mid aran, Ex. 245. See ar.
a-reafian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to rob, deprive, destroy,

divide, despoil, Ex. 290.
a-reccan, rehte, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to declare, explain, spread out,

D. 133, 582, etc.
a-risan, ras, risen, st. v., S. 6,

M. 2, to arise, spring up. wrerod

call aras = the host all arose, Ex.

100, 129, 299, etc.
a-s&lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to bind, fasten, fetter, Ex. 470.
a-sceppan, sc6p, sceapen, st. v.,

5. 2, M. 4, to do, make, fix, ap-
point, establish, determine. Also,
scebp, scapen, S. 1, M. 5, Ex. 381.

a-secgan, sae(g)de, sae(g)d, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to tell, explain, de-
clare, deliver, speak out, D. 129,
156.

a-settan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to set down, lay down, set up
or in.

a-stah, see a-stigan.

a-stigan, stah, stigen, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to ascend, scale, ascend

to, mount up, arise {descend).

a-stah, Ex. 107, 302, etc., D. 118,

495.
a-swebban, efede, ed, wk. v., S.

1, M. 6, to put to sleep, destroy,

kill, lose, Ex. 336.
a-swefede, see a-swebban.

a-te'bn, te'ah, togen, st. v., S. 7,
M. 3, to draw forth or out, move
forth, journey, up a-tebn=£o
ascend, move up, array, Ex. 490.

atol, adj., hostile, dire, terrible,
frightful, Ex. 165, 201.

a>, -es, st. m., an oath, he a)>
swere)>, Ex. 431.

a-J>encan, ]>6hte, J>0ht, wk. v.,

5. 1, M. 6, to invent, conceive,
think out, remember, D. 146.

aj»-swaru, -e, st. f., oath-swear-
ing, oath, Ex. 558.

&wa, adv., ever, always, Ex. 424.

a-wacan, wOc, wacen, st. v., S.
2, M. 4, to awake, arise, spring
forth.

a-wacian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to decline, abstain, desist,
turn from, D. 220 (a-wa-
codon) .

a-weccan, hte, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to awaken, arouse, excite, in-
cite, a-wehte J>one, D. 46.

a-weorpan, wearp, worpen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to cast aside, out,
reject, contest, D. 589.

a-wiht, -e, st. f., also -es, st. n.,
aught, anything, D. 334, 429.

a-winnan, wan(n), wunnen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to icin, conquer,
endure.

a-wyrgan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to strangle, suffocate, in-
jure, destroy, worry, wominum
a-wyrged = destroyed by sinks'),
Ex. 532.

Azarias, see Adzarias, D. 91.

Babilon, -es, n., Babylon, D. 47,

99, etc.
Babilonia, f., Babylon, D. 70.

GLOSSARY.

81

Babilonlge, adj., Babylonian, D.

173.

bad, see bidan.
baedan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

G, to constrain, demand, compel,
incite, encourage.

b&l, -es, st. n., a flame, burning,
funeral fire, D. 414.

b&l-blys, -e, st. f.,fire, blaze of
the funeral pile, furnace of fire,
Ex. 401. in bsel-blyse - fiery
furnace, Ex. 401, D. 232.

b&l-blyse, -an, wk. f., see b&l-
blys. Also b&l-blgese.

baelc, -es, st. m., a covering, cloud.
bselc of er-br&dde = overspread
with a cloud, Ex. 73.

bsel-egesa, -an, wk. m., dread of
the flame, terror, bael-egsau
hwe'bp — threatened with terror
of the flames, Ex. 121.

baer, see berau.

ba-rnan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to burn, consume, 1). 242.

bae]>-\veg, -es, st. m., a bath-way,
sea-way, sea. baeb-weges blaest,
Ex. 290.

balca, -an, wk. m., a covering.

Baldazar, m. irreg., Belshazzar,
D. 677.

ban, -es, st. n., a bone, D. 435.

bana, -an, wk. m.,a slayer, mur-
derer, an outlaw, bana wide
scraj>, Ex. 39. So, bona.

band, see bindan.

ban-bus, -es, st. n., bone-house,
body, Ex. 523.

bannan, ben, bannen, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to order, call, summon.

basnian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to expect, await, wait for,
Ex. 470.

basu, plu. we, adj., purple, crim-
son, baswe boc-stafas = crim-

son letters or characters, D.
724.

be, prep. w. dat. and inst., («)
local, by, near, near by, at, upon,
on, with, from, concerning, be
su}>an=: on the south, Ex. 69,
134 ; be J?am here-wisan = on or
upon their leader, Ex. 323, 1). 424.
(6) temporal, while, during.
be him lifigendum — during their
life, Ex. 324, M. 334.

(c) causal, for, on account of,
according to, through, be wa3St-
mum = according to (their)
strength, Ex. 243; be f core = on
pain of death, D. 101.

be'acen, -es, st. n., a beacon, token,
standard, image, banner, miracle,
beacen a-r&red = #,ad raised a
standard, Ex. 320 ; cigean beac-
num = to summon by standards,
Ex. 219, D. 191, 488.

be'ad, see be'odan.

beado-searo, n. plu., arms, bat-
tle weapons, Ex. 572. (beadu-
searo.)

beadu-maegen, -es, st. n., a bat-
tle troop, host, martial power.
beadu-maegnes rses, Ex. 329.

be'ag, -es, st. m., ornament, chain,
crown , plu. , rings, jewels, brace-
lets, Ex. 556. (bean.)

b(e)ald, adj., bold, brave, strong,
Ex. 253, D. 210.

bealde, adv., boldly, D. 200.

bealo(u), -wes, st. n., bale, woe,
evil, hurt, depravity. bealu
benne = injury from a wound,
Ex. 238. Also adj., baleful, evil,
destructive, (balu), Ex. 5.

bealo-spel(l)es, st. n., evil mes-
sage, tale of woe, Ex. 510.

bealu-si>, -es, st. m., fatal jour-
ney, death, calamity, Ex. 5.

82

GLOSSARY.

beam, -es, st. in., beam, pillar,
wood, tree, column (of cloud},
pillar (of fire}, Ex. 94, 111, D.
508, 519.

bearhtm, -es, st. in., splendor,
noise, tumult, cry. werocles
bearhtme = with tumult of the
host, Ex. 65.

bearm, -es, st. m., bosom, posses-
sion, bearm scipes, Ex. 375.

beam, see byrnan.

beam, -es, st. n. (bairn), child,
boy, son, descendants}. J>one
yldo beam, Ex. 28, So. 395, 414,
D. 73, 106.

bearu, -wes, st. m., tree, wood,
forest, grove, D. 500, (bearo).

be'atan, be'bt, be'aten, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to beat, strike, shake,
injure, be'bt maecgum, D. 265.

be-bead, see be-be'bdan.

be-be'bdan, be'ad, boden, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to bid, command, an-
nounce, entrust, offer, deliver,
Ex. 101, 215. in ge-hyld be-
be'ad = delivered into custody,
Ex. 382, D. 99. Also bi-be'bdan.

be-bod, -es, st. n., a command,
precept, D. 82, 299; plu., be-
bodu (be-bodo).

be-bugan, be'ah, bogen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to encircle, enclose,
surround, turn, avoid, (reach},
D. 322. Also bi-bugan.

be-c6m, see be-cuman.

be-cuman, c6m (cwOm), cu-
men, st. v., S. 4, M. 1 and 4, to
become, happen, befall, come,
reach, overcome, enter, Ex. 46,
D. 651. This verb is anoma-
lous. Old form of pret. , cwam.

be-cw6m, see be-cuman. hyra
fjer-spell be-cwom — sudden
fear befell them, Ex. 135, 344.

be-fae>mian, ede, ed, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to embrace, include, en-
circle, Ex. 428.

be-faran, f6r, faren, st. v., S. 2,
M. 4, to go around, through, en-
compass, faeste be-farene =
firmly encompassed, Ex. 497.

be-feolan, fael, folen, st. v., S. 4,
M. 1, to fix in, fasten, commit,
grant, deliver, f oldan be-f olen,
D. 560; (pret. fealh, S. 3).

be-foran, prep. \v. clat., (a) local,
before, in the presence of, in
front of. him be-foran= before
them, Ex. 93. (6) temporal,
sooner than. Also, adv. = for-
merly, at hand, in front.

be-gang, see be-gong.

be-gitan, geat, giten, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to obtain, acquire, take,
seize, receive, befall, D. 618.
Also bi-gitan.

be-gong, -es, st. m., way, circuit,
course, area, Ex. 345. Also bi-
gong.

be-healdan, he'bld, healden, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to hold, defend,
possess, inhabit, cherish, observe,
take care of, behold (bi-healdan) ,
Ex. 109.

be-hebld, see be-healdan. se ^a
menigeo be-he'bld = who pro-
tected the host, Ex. 205. be-
he'bld . . . scinan = took care to
shineCi}, Ex. 109.

be-hwylfan, de, ed, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to cover, submerge, sub-
vert, destroy, ne be-hwylfan
mssg = may not subvert, Ex. 420.

be-lecgan, (g)de, (g)ed, wk. v.,

5. 1, M. 6, to surround, (belay}.
be-legan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to blaze, surround with fire.
Also bi-legan, D, 296.

GLOSSARY.

83

be-locen, sec be-lucan.
be-lucan, leac, locen, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to close in, lock, protect,
embrace, Ex. 43, 456. wealle
be-locene, D. 696. Also bi-
lucan.

beme, -an, wk. f., a trumpet, Ex.
216.

ben(n), -e, st. f., a wound, Ex.
238.

ben, -e, st. f., a prayer, entreaty,
boon.

bend, -es, st. in. aiicl f., a band,
bond, D. 435 (bend, -e).

bebdan, be*ad, boden, st. v., S.
7, M. 3, to command, offer, an-
nounce, bring, threaten, signify,
Ex. 352. wisdom budon, D. 27.
D. 647, 741 = biden (awaited),
Ex. 166. See bidan.

beb-hata, -an, wk. m., leader,
prince, surety, promiser, Ex. 253.

bebn, waes, ge-wesen, irreg., to
be. See wesan. Generally
with future sense. bij> e^ower
blsed micel= great glory shall be
yours, Ex. 563, D. 350.

beorg, -es, st. m., hill, slope, bar-
row, mountain, D. 383.

beorh, see beorg.

beorh-hlij>, -es, st. n., hill-slope,
height, mountain slope or height,
n. plu., Ex. 448. Also beorg-hlij>.

beorht, adj., bright, clear, bril-
liant, noble, holy, Ex. 219, D. 9,
374. Used also as prefix.

beorht-rodor, -es, st. m., bright
firmament, ether, Ex. 94.

beorn, -es, st. m., hero, man, no-
bleman, prince, warrior, Ex. 375,
D. 70, 99.

beornan, see byrnan.

be'br-sele, -es, st. m., beer-hall,
festive hall, hall, Ex. 563.

be'bt, -es, st. n., threat, boast,
pledge, peril, in Him be'bte = in
peril, D. 265. to be'bte, D. 200.

bebt-hata, -an, wk. m., see be'b-
hata.

beran, bser, boren, st. v., S. 4,
M. I, to bear, carry, bring for-
ward, offer, suffer, support, ob-
serve, draw near, gearwe b£ron
= offered themselves ready, Ex.
59 ; beraj? = observe, D. 479 ;
berej> = beraj>, D. 142.

be-reafian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to bereave, plunder, spoil, D. 59.
be-reccan, re(a)hte, re(a)ht,

wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to relate, re-
count, explain, say, rule.

be-renian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to plan, prepare, arrange,
Ex. 147. Also be-regnian.

be-re'bfan, re'af, rofen, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to rob, deprive of, Ex. 36.
berhtm-liwat, adj., quick, bright,

ready, D. 381.

be-rofen, see be-re'bfan.

berstan, baerst, borsten, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to break to pieces, burst, /
scatter, resound, Ex. 477, 483. /

be-se'bn, seah, sewen (ge-sewejrf;,
st. v., S. 5, M. 1, to look^aoout,
observe, see, gaze, inspect, D. 652.

be-snaedan, de, ed, wTk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to cut, circumcise, D. 514, 556.

be-steman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to bedew, make wet, satu-
rate, to steam, foam over, blode
be-stemed = with blood bedewed,
Ex. 448.

be-stymau, see be-steman.

be-swac, see be-swican, D. 29.

be-sw£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to singe, scorch, parch.

. fyre be-swseled = singed with
fire, D. 438.

84

GLOSSARY.

be-swican, swac, swicen, st. v.,

S. 6, M. 2, to beguile, deceive,
entice away. hie gylp be-
swac = pride beguiled them, P.
752.

betan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. G,
to amend, restore, repair,
cure, hyra maegen betan —
to repair their strength, Ex.
131.

betera, see g6d.

be-twebnum, prep., between,
among, Ex. 442, 562.

be-J>eaht, see be-J>eccan.

be-J»eccan, J>eahte, ]>eaht, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to cover, thatch,
bedeck, conceal, Ex. 60.

be-windan, wand, wunden, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to wind around,
surround, shut in, P. 602. Also
bi-windan.

be-wrecan, wraec, wrecen, st.
v., S. 5, M. 1, to avenge,
icreak, drive, overturn, bring,
strike, be-wraecon, D. 305.

be-wrigan. wrah, \vrigen, st. v.,
S. 6, M. 2, to cover over, conceal,
hide, be-wrigene = hidden, P.
44.

be-wrihan, see be-wrigan.

bidan, bad, biden, st. v., S. 6,
M. 2, to await, bide, expect, wait,
dwell, reach, find, Ex. 213, 249.
here . . . bad = the army awaited,
Ex. 550.

biddan, bsed, beden, st. v., S.
5, M. 1, to ask, bid, pray, order,
D. 295, 359, 542. bidde = 6^-
den, Ex. 271.

bi-f6n, feng, fangen, st. v., S. 1,
M. 5, to grasp, seize, surround,
embrace, mid handa bi-feng,
Ex. 415. Also be-fon.

bi-legan, see be-legan.

bil(l) , -es, st. 11., battle-axe, sivord.

billum a-brebtau = to destroy

with sword(s), Ex. 199.
bile-^vit, adj., mild, gentle, calm,

merciful.
bil-swae>, -es, st. n., a sicord-

track, wound, Ex. 329.
bindan, band, buiiden, st. v., S.

3, M. 1, to bind, tie. gyrd-wile

band, Ex. 15.
biodan, see bebdaii.
biter, adj., bitter, sharp, severe,

painful, angry.
bi-\vindan, see be-\vindan.
bi-\vrecan, see be-wrecan.
bi-wrigan, see be-Avrigan.
blac, adj., pale, shining, brilliant,

gleaming, Ex. Ill, 121. in bla-

cum re'afum, Ex. 212, D. 246.
bl&d, -es, st. m., riches, success,

honor, happiness, joy, breath,

blast, Ex. 318. lissa blaed = the

joy of favors, Ex. 545, D. 164.
bl£d, -e, st. f., blade, leaf, flower,

fruit, D. 500, 563.
bluest, -es, st. m., a blowing, blast,

wind, Ex. 290.
bland, -es, st. n., a blending,

mingling, confusion. sanges

bland, Ex. 309.
blfcd, -e, st. f., a blade, branch,

D. 508, 518. See bl&d.
bletsigan, see bletsian.
bletsian, ode, od (ad), wk. v.,

S. 2, M. 6, to bless, consecrate,

D. 359, 390.
blican, blac, blicen, st. v., S. 6,

M. 2, to shine, glitter, appear,

become visible, Ex. 160, D. 545.
blinnan, blan(n), blunnen, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to cease, rest, forego,

lose, be deprived of.
bli>, adj., blithe, happy, joyous,

Ex. 582, D. 117.

GLOSSARY.

85

bli>e-m6d, adj., happy-minded,
cheerful, joyous, D. 713.

blOd, -es, st. n., blood, (/ore, Ex.
448. flod blod ge-wod = blood
came upon the waves, Ex. 462.

b!6d-egesa, -an, wk. m., bloody
terror, terror, Ex. 477.

blOdig, adj., bloody, gory, Ex.
329. blodige tfihton = seemed
bloody, Ex. 572.

b6c, -e, st. f ., book ; in plu., sacred
books, (Bible), boca be-bodes,
D. 82.

b6cere, -es, st. m., book-man,
learned man, writer, author,
interpreter, boceras = learned
men, Ex. 530, D. 164.

b6c-staef, -es, st. m., a letter,
character, D. 724, 740.

bodian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to announce, herald, proclaim,
preach, prophesy.

bodigean, see bodian. bodi-
gean ajfter burgum = announce
among the cities, Ex. 510.

b0g, -es, st. m., arm, limb, shoul-
der, leg, (el-bow), meara bo-
gum = with the legs of, Ex. 171.

bog (boh), -es, st. m., bough,
branch.

boga, -an, wk. m., a bow, an
arch.

bolgen-m6d, adj., angry, enraged
in mind.

bord, -es, st. n., a shield, board,
table, buckler, bord up a-hof =
raised up (his) shield, Ex. 253.

bord-hre(o)J>a, -an, wk. m.,
shield-covering, buckler, shield,
Ex. 160.

bot(e), -e, st. f., help, amends,
remedy, penance, offering, Ex.
5. bote ge-sawon= they saw re-
lief, Ex. 582 ; to bote = moreover.

brad, adj., broad, wide, spacious,
Ex. 556, D. 322.

braec, see brecan.

br£dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to spread, stretch (a tent).
broaden, rise, grow ; braeddon =
spread (their tents), Ex. 132.

brsesne, see bresne.

brand, -es, st. m., brand, fire-
brand, torch, D. 246.

brecan, brsec, brocen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to break, break through,
violate, vex, take by storm, (sail) .
braec = broke through, Ex. 251.

bredan, br£d, brGden (breden) ,
st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to move, draw,
swing, strike (a tent), braid.
brodon flotan feld-husum, Ex.
222, 223.

bregdan, braegd, brogden, see
bredan, st. v., S. 3, M. 1.

brego, st. m., prince, ruler, D. 47,
256.

bregu, see brego. Used in poe-
try as a prefix.

brenian, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to honor, celebrate, D. 406.
breme, adj., famous, notable.

Also adv., famously, D. 104.

brebst, -es, st. n., breast, bosom,
mind, Ex. 269.

bre'bst-gejmnc, -es, st. m., heart-
thought, reflection, thought, D.
400.

brebst-loca, -an, wk. m., heart-
enclosure, mind, heart, D. 167.

brdbst-net, -es, st. n., breast-net,
shirt of mail, Ex. 236.

bresne, adj., brazen, strong, D.
173, 449.

brim, -es, st. n., flood, ocean, sea,
icave, Ex. 290.

brim-far u (o), -e, st. f., sea-way,
waves, sea, D. 322.

86

GLOSSARY.

bring, -es, St. m., an offering, a
gift.

bringan, brohte, ge-broht, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to bring, bear,
lead, produce, present, Ex. 259,
D. 82.

br6>or, -or, st. m., irreg.,
brother.

br6>or-gyld, -es, st. n., brother-
vengeance, vengeance for broth-
ers, Ex. 199.

brohte, see bringan.

brudon, see bredan.

briin, adj., brown, dark, black,
Ex. 70, 498.

bryme, see breme.

bryne, -es, st. m., fire, burning,
heat, D. 246, 265.

brytnian, ode (ede), od (ed),
wk. v., S. 2, M. 6, to enjoy, dis-
pense, distribute, welan bryt-
nedon, D. 691.

bryttian, ode (ede), od (ed),
wk. v., S. 2, M. 6, to distribute,
enjoy, D. 672. Also brittian.

bryttigan, see bryttian.

biian, de, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to
dwell, abide, occupy, inhabit, D.
132, 693.

bufan, see bufon.

bufon, prep., above.

bugan, be'ah, bogen, st. v., S. 7,
M. 3, tcrbow, bend, turn, flee.

burg(h), -e, (byrig), st. f., city,
castle, fortress, stronghold, Ex.
66, D. 9, 38.

burh-hleo>, -es, st. n. , city-height,
fortress-height, Ex. 70. Also,
burh-hliK

burh-sittende, st. m. (part.),
citizens, city-dwellers, inhabi-
tants, D. 660, 724.

burh-stede, -es, st. m., place of
stronghold, castle, city, D. 47,

burh-waru, st. f., citizens, D.
179.

burh-weard, -es, st. m., city or
castle defender, guardian, Ex.
39.

biitan, prep, and conj., but, un-
less, except, out of, against, with-
out, D. 572.

bfitoii, see butan.

buwan, see biian.

byly-wit, see bile- wit, D. 363.

byme, see beme, Ex. 132, 160.

byrhtm, see bearhtm.

byrne, -an, wk. f., shirt of mail,
(burnie) .

byrnan, b(e)arn, burnen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to burn, burn up,
blaze, glow, D. 253.

byrnende, part, adj., burning,
Ex. 73, 111.

C.

caeg(e), -e and -an, st. f. and
wk. f., a key, Ex. 524.

cald, see ceald.

Calde'as, m. plu., Chaldeans, D.
42, 95, 600.

camp, -es, st. m., battle, fight,
combat, Ex. 21. Also comp.

Cananeas, pi., Canaanites, Ex.
444.

car-le'as, adj., careless, free from
care, reckless, car-le'asan-de'br
= reckless wild beasts, Ex. 166.

ceald, -es, st. n., cold. Also adj.

ceapian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 1, to buy, bribe, bargain.
gyfum ce'apian, D. 739.

ceaster, -e, st. f., city, town, for-
tified place, D. 42, 600.

cempa, -an, wk. m., a hero, war-
rior, champion.

GLOSSARY.

87

cene, adj., keen, bold, warlike.
cenost debra, Ex. 322, 356.

cennan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to beget, bear, create, prove,
Ex. 356, D. 319.

cennan, de, ed, S. 1, M. 6, to
confess, explain, ascribe.^.

ceorfan, cearf, corfen, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to hew, cut, carve, cut
down, het J>set trebw ceorfan,
D. 511.

ce'bsan, ceas, coren, st. v., S. 7,
M. 3, to choose, prefer, seek, as-
sume, accept, Ex. 243. curon
debfles crseft, D. 32, 150.

cerran, see cyrran.

cerre, s"ee cyrr.

cigan, see cigean.

cigean, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to call, call upon, cry aloud,
name, summon, beacnum ci-
gean = to summon by signals,
Ex. 219.

cin-berg, -e, st. f., chin-defence,
visor, Ex. 175.

cine-ddm, see cyning-d6m.

cluing, see cyn-ing.

cist, see cyst.

cl£ne, adj., clean. Also adv.,
entirely.

clanim, -es, st. m., e. f., band,
fetter, (prison), D. 520.

dene, see cl&ne.

cloni, see clam(m).

cneb-magas, st. m. plu., kinsfolk,
relatives, Ex. 21, 434, D. 702.

cne'b-ris, -e, st. f., generation,
race, tribe, family, nation, wera
cneVrissum = to the tribes of
men, Ex. 3.

cne'b(w), -es, st. n., generation,
race, relationship, on cnebwum,
D. 676.

cne'b(w), -es, st. n., knee, D. 180.

cne'bw-sibb, -e, st. f., race, gener*
ation, relationship, Ex. 356.

cniht, -es, st. m., boy, youth,
young man, servant. >one cniht
(Isaac) ge-nam = laid hold of
the boy, Ex. 406; plu., cnihtas,
D. 83, 89 ; cnihton = cnihtum,
D. 767.

c6m, see cuman.

corj>or, -es, st. m., a troop, band,
an army, pomp, a crowd, cyn-
ingas on cor)>re, Ex. 191, D. 95.

craeft, -es, st. m., craft, skill,
cunning, poiver ; plu., wiles, Ex.
30, 84. ealle craefte = by any
skill, Ex. 436, D. 32, 83.

cringan, crang, crungen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to cringe, submit,
fall, die. fsege crungon = the
fated ones fell (in death), Ex.
481.

cuman, cSm (cw6m), cuincn,
st. v., S. 4, M. 4, to come, go;
w. inf. of verb of motion ex-
presses purpose, cwom metan
= came to measure, Ex. 91, 92;
eft-wyrd cymj> = the judgment
(last) will come, Ex. 539 ; styran
cwom = came to prevent, Ex.
416, D. 93.

cumbol, -es, st. n., a sign, ensign,
banner, cumbol lixton — the
signs (on the helmet) flashed,
Ex. 175 ; for >am cumble, D.
180.

cunnan, cuj>e, pret. pres., to
know, know how, to be able, ac-
quainted with, ne cuj>on = did
not know, Ex. 28, 82; mis-
micelra honne men cunnon —
of more sorts than men knew of,
Ex. 373; ne cunnon . . . ge-
secgenne — will not be able to
tell, Ex, 435.

88

GLOSSARY.

cunnian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to test, prove, know by
testing, Ex. 420, D. 531.

curon, see cebsan.

cu]>, adj., known, famed, sure, Ex.
230, D. 482. cubost = best
known, Ex. 191, D. 692; cub
ge-dydon = made known, "D. 196.

cuj>e, see cunnan.

c\vala, -e, st. f., murder, violent
death, destruction, D. 226.

cwealm, -es, st. m., death, slaugh-
ter, violent death, Ex. 468, D. 475.

cwejmn, cwae}», cweden, st. v.,
S. 5, M. 1, to say, speak, D. 361,
(quoth") .

cwen, -e, st. f., woman, wife,
(queen), bodigean . . . hseleba
cwenum = announce . . . to the
wives of men (slain), Ex. 510-11.

cvviman, cwam, cumen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, see cuinan.

cwOm, see cuman and c \viinaii.
D. 663, M. 200. An anomalous
verb.

cwyld-rdf, adj., slaughter-famed,
deadly, savage, bold. Also
adv., cwyld-rof be'bdan = savage-
ly to proclaim, Ex. 166.

cygean, see cigean.

cyme, -es, st. m., coming, arrival,
Ex. 179, D. 517.

cyme, adj., becoming, noble, glo-
rious, D. 710.

cyn(n), -es, st. n., kin, race, tribe,
people, nation, Ex. 14, 29. cyn
sefter cynne = tribe upon tribe,
Ex. 351; bines (Abrahames)
cynnes, Ex. 434; modig cyn
(Israel), D. 7; eald-fe^onda cyn
(Babylonians), D. 57.

cyne-g6d, adj., well-born, noble,
gentle, cyrdon cyne-gode, D.
433.

cyiie-rice, -es, st. n., rule, king-
dom, government, ofer cyne-
ricu = over the kingdoms, Ex.
318.

cyne->rym(m), -es, st. m., royal
glory, glory, D. 706.

cyning, -es, st. m., a king, ruler,
Ex. 9, 14. cyning alwihta
(God), Ex. 420, D. 95, M. 228
(4), 237.

cyning-d6m, -es, st. m., kingdom,
royal rule.

eyre, -es, st. m., choice, will.
eyre swibrode = choice ceased,
Ex. 465.

cyr(r), -es, st. m., a turning,
change, space of time.

cyrm, -es, st. m., noise, shout,
uproar, herges cyrm = the
shout of the host, Ex. 107.

cyrman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to shout, cry out, Ex. 461.

cyrran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to turn, go, return, T). 433.

cyst, -e, st. f., chosen body, cohort,
Ex. 229, 230.

cyst, -e, st. f., choice, free will;
in gen. plu. == best of its kind,
virtue, excellence, bounty, (wede-
ra) cyst = the bounty of, D. 350.

cy>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to make known, set forth, relate,
make celebrated, show, wordum
cyban, D. 97.

D.

d&d, -e, st. f., deed, action, daeg

dsedum fan — a day hostile in

deeds, Ex. 541, D. 282.
d&d-hwcet, adj., quick to do, bold,

ready, D. 353.
d&d-lelm, -es, st. n., reward for

deeds, recompense, Ex. 263.

GLOSSARY.

89

d&d-weorc, -es, st. n., an effec-
tive work, work accomplished,
work, for )>am d&d-weorce =
for the work done, Ex. 575.

daeg, -es, st. m., day, Ex. 47. da-
gum = by day, Ex. 97 ; to daege
Jnssum = this day, Ex. 263 ; daeg
daedum fan (the last day}, Ex.
541, D. 158.

dseg-seeado(u), -e, st. f., day-
shade, shade.

daeg-sceald, -es, st. m., day-ruler,
shield, (sun), daeg-scealdes
hleb, Ex. 79.

daeg-weorc, -es, st. n., day's work,
stated service, work. J>aes daeg-
weorces . . . f or-geald — recom-
pensed . . . for that day's work,
Ex. 315; daeg-weorc = deca-
logue, Ex. 518, (Grein).

dteg-w6ma, -an, wk. m., rush of
early morn, dawn, Ex. 344.

d£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to deal, divide, share, separate,
obtain, distribute. Swa . . .
regn-Kb fas (rice) dsela)> = Thus
do the arch-thieves divide, Ex.
538, D. 2, 21.

Daniel, st. m., Daniel.

David, st. m., David.

de'ad, adj., dead, Ex. 266 ; as noun,
deadra, Ex. 41.

de'ajj, -es, st. m., death, dying,
Ex. 34. ge swelta}> deaj>e = ye
shall die the death, (die), D. 143.

de'ajj-drepe, -es, st. m., a death-
blow, blow, death, Ex. 495.

de'ajj-stede, -es, st. m., place of
death, of slaughter, sepulchre,
field of battle, on de~a)>-stede,
Ex. 589.

de'aw, -es, st. m., dew, D. 372.

de'aw-dre'as, st m., dew-fall, D.
277. Also dtfaw-drfas.

de'awig, adj . , dewy, bedewed, deli-
wig sceaftum, Ex. 344.

de'awig-fe>ere, adj., dewy -feath-
ered, dewy, Ex. 163.

deina, -an, wk. m., judge, ruler,
master, hse^enum deman, D.
71.

deman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to judge, (deem), decide, esti-
mate. demej?= will judge, Ex.
542.

de'bfol, -es, st. m. and n., devil,
Satan, debfles crseft, D. 32.

de'bfol-d&d, -e, st. f., devil's
deed, evil deed or work, D. 18.

deofol-gild, see deofol-gyld.

de'bfol-gyld, -es, st. n., devil wor-
ship, idolatry, an idol, image of
the devil, Ex. 47.

de'bfol-witega, -an, wk. m.,
devil's prophet, magician, sooth-
sayer, D. 128.

de'op, -es, st. n., the deep, an
abyss, Ex. 281.

de'bp, adj., deep, vast, great, sol-
emn, heavy, significant, debp
wrende = an important message,
Ex.518; de"op lean = heavy ret-
ribution, Ex. 506.

de^or, -es, st. n., animal, wild
beast, Ex. 166, D. 389.

de'br, adj., wild, bold, violent.
debr scur, D. 372.

de'br (e), adj., dear, beloved, aebe-
lum de'bre = dear to the nobles,
Ex. 186.

de~or-m6d, adj., beloved, of bold
spint, bold, Ex. 97, D. 171.
Also as noun.

derian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to harm, hurt, injure, D. 274.

digel, see dygle.

Dira, irreg., Plain of Dura, D.
171.

90

GLOSSARY.

d6m, -es, st. m., law, decree, judg-
ment, (doom), power, glory, in-
terpretation, Ex. 2, 520. of
f dbnda dome = out of the power
of, Ex. 570 ; nses him dom, D.
128 ; nymj>e ic dom wite = un-
less I may know the interpreta-
tion, D. 143.

ddmian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to glorify, exalt, give judg-
ment, D. 372, 399 (domige= do-
migen), (domigan).

d6n, dide, ge-d6n, wk. v., irreg.,
to do, make, cause, accomplish,
D. 23. in susl don = to cast into
torment, D. 521.

dr&fan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to urge, drive.

dre'ah, see drebgan.

dream, -es, st. m., a joyful sound,
joy, music. dugoj> on drelime =
men shall in joy, Ex. 546, D.
30.

dre'am-le'as, adj., joyless, D. 558.

drelirung, -e, st. f., a falling,
distillation, D. 349.

drenc-flOd, -es, st. m., drowning-
flood, flood, deluge, (Noah's
flood), Ex. 364.

dre'bgan, dre'ah, drogen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to bear, suffer, carry.
dreah = suffered, Ex. 49, D. 238.

dre'br, -es, st. m., blood, running
blood, Ex. 151.

drebsan, dre'as, droren, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to fall, perish, dis-
appear, weaken, Ex. 47.

drige, adj., dry, Ex. 283.

driht, -e, st. f., troop, company,
people, Ex. 79.

drihten, -es, st. m., leader, prince,
lord, ( God} . weroda drihten =
lord of hosts, Ex. 558, D. 12.
Used in composition.

drihten-weard, -es, st. m., mas-
ter, lord, (God), D. 535.

driht-folc, -es, st. n., troop, band,
nation, multitude, Ex. 34. driht-
folca msest (Egyptians), Ex.
589.

driht-ne'as, st. m. plu., bodies of
slain, carcasses, Ex. 163.

d rim-an, dranc, druncen, st. V.,
S. 3, M. 1, to drink, D. 750.

druron, see drebsan.

dryge, see drige.

drysmian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to become dark, obscure,
gloomy, (land) drysmyde = be-
came dark, Ex. 40, B. 1376.

dropa, -an, wk. m., a drop, D. 349.

druncen, see drincan, part, adj.,
drunken, D. 18.

dryhten, see drihten.

dugo>(u», -e, st. f., that which
avails, advantage, manhood,
men, noble band, Ex. 41, D. 87.

dw£scan, ede (te), ed, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to quench, put out.

dygle, adv. , secretly, D. 130. Also
adj., unknown, D. 482.

dyglice, adv., secretly.

dygol, adj., secret (digol).

dyre, adj., dear, beloved.

dyrust (dyrost), adj., sup. See
dyre. metode dyrust = dearest
to God, D. 36.

B.

e'ac, conj., also, likewise, more-
over, Ex. 245, D. 68; prep.,
with, in addition to, besides.
e'ac J>on = besides that, Ex. 374,
381.

e'aca, -an, wk. m., an addition,
increase. to e"acan = besides,
moreover.

GLOSSARY.

91

eacen, part, adj., increased, great,
large, heavy, full, widespread,
D. 136, 485.

ead, adj., happy, blessed, rich, on
}>set e~ade riht, Ex. 186.

dad, -es, st. n., wealth, possessions,
joy, Ex. 339, D. 672.

eadig, adj., prosperous, happy,
blessed, rich. Also as noun,
elidigra ge-hwam = to each 'of
the blessed, Ex. 4. Also, adver-
bial, D. 1.

ead-medu, st. n. plu., humility,
kindness.

eafora, -an, wk. m., offspring,
son, descendant, eaforan sinne
(Isaac), Ex. 411.

cage, -an, wk. n., eye, Ex. 179.

eal(l), adj., all, whole, entire, uni-
versal, Ex. 84, D. 73.

eald, see aid.

eald-febnd, -es, st. m., an old
enemy, ancient foe (Babyloni-
ans), D. 57.

ealdor, see aldor, chief.

ealdor, see aldor, life.

ealdor-ddm, see aldor-dom.

ealdor-lagu, see aldor-lagu.

ealdor-man, -es, st. m., (alder-
man), ruler, prince, D. 685.

eal-dwerig, adj., altogether per-
verse, depraved, wicked, Ex.
50.

ealh, see alh.

ealh-stede, -es, st. m., see alh-
stede, D. 674.

ealles, adv., wholly, entirely.

eal-walda, see al-walda.

eal(l) -wundor, -es, st. n., a great
wonder, miracle, Ex. 578.

earn = com (wesan) .

ear(h), -es, st. m., sea, ocean. D.
324.

ear, -es, st. m., earth.

earc, -e, st. f., ark (of the cove-
nant), chest, ark, D. 752. Also
earce, -an, wk. f.

eard(J>), -es, st. m., earth, native
soil, D. 612.

e'are, -an, wk. n., ear.

earfo>-maecg, -es, st. m., an af-
flicted one, a sufferer, D. 623.

earfo)>-sij>, -es, st. m., a trouble-
some journey, calamity, hard lot,
D. 657.

earm, adj., poor, mean, pitiful,
wretched. As noun, eamra an-
bid — the hope of the wretched,
Ex. 533 ; earme lafe, D. 80.

earm-sceapen, part, adj., ill-
shapen, misshapen, ill-created,
wretched, T>. 632.

earu, adv., quickly, ready, Ex. 339.

easterne, adj., eastern, east.

e'a-stre'am, -es, st. m.,sea, ocean,
river, stream.

e'ast-weg, -es, st. m., a way in the
east, toward the east, D. 69.

e'aXe), adv., easily; adj., easy,
D. 50.

e'ajj-medu, see e'ad-medu, D. 295.

e^-mettx^u), st. n. plu., humil-
ity, kindness, weakness.

Ebrelis, st. m. plu., Hebrews.

ec, adv., also (eke).

ece, adj., eternal, perpetual, Ex.
11, D. 30. Also adv., eternally,
Ex. 288.

ecen, adj., see e'acen, Ex. 194.

ecg, -e, st. f., edge of a weapon,
edge, sword, blade, weapon, ecg
grymetode= the weapon sounded
out, Ex. 408. ecgum — with the
sword, Ex. 412, D. 709.

ed-scaBft, -e, st. f., a new crea-
tion, regeneration. Also, ed-
sceaft, D. 112.

efen, see £fen, D. 276.

92

GLOSSARY.

efne, adv. , evenly, exactly, Ex. 76.
efn-ged£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S.

1, M. 6, to share, divide equally,

Ex. 95.
efn(i)an, (e)de, ed, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to do, make, execute, D.

183, 186.

eft, adv., again, anew, back, after-
wards, eft on-cyrde — again

made to turn, Ex. 451, D. G7.
eft-wyrd, -e, st. f ., future destiny,

fate, Ex. 539.
ege-laf, -e, st. f., battle-remnant,

spoil, (survivors'), Ex. 370.
eg(e)le, adv., hateful, trouble-
some, D. 679.
eg(e)sa, -an, wk. m., fear, terror,

horror, egsan stoclon = fears

arose, Ex. 136, D. 124.
eges-ful(l), adj., fearful, full of

awe, ternble, Ex. 505, D. 106.
eges-lic, adj., terrible, fearful, T>.

719.
eges-lice, adv., terribly, fearfully,

wonderfully, intensely, D. 225.
eglian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to ail, trouble, pain, torment.
Egypte, -e, f., Egypt, Ex. 443.
Egypte, m. plu., Egyptians.

dugo> Egypta, Ex. 500; of

Egyptum, D. 6.
ehtan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to

harass, persecute, pursue.
ehtian, see ehtan.
ehtian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to esteem, observe, consider,

counsel with, D. 410.
ellen, -es, st. m., strength, cour-
age; in. plu., brave deeds, Ex.

218.

elpend, -es, st. m., elephant.
el-)>e>bdig, adj., of another nation,

foreign, hostile. el-hebdigum

(Babylonians), D. 39.

ende, -e, st. m., an end, edge, a
boundary, Ex. 466, D. 115.

ende-daeg, -es, st. m., a last day,
day of death, D. 679.

ende-lelin, -es, st. n., final re-
ward, reparation, punishment,
D. 187.

enge, adj., narrow. enge = nar-
row, Ex. 58.

engel, -es, st. m., angel, messen-
ger, Ex. 205. engla drihten
(God), Ex. 558, D. 337.

e'bde, see gan.

eom, see wesan or be'bn.

e'bred, -es, st. n., troop, band.

eorl, -es, st. m., earl, leader, no-
bleman, man, Ex. 261. se eorl
(Abraham), Ex. 411; Hi eorlas
(Israel), D. 62.

e^orod, see e'bred.

eorp, adj., brown, dusky, dark.
eorp werod (Egyptians), Ex.
194.

eorp, -es, st. n., a host.

eorj>e, -an, wk. f., earth, ground,
plain, world, Ex. 26, D. 30.

eor>-buende, st. m. (part.), earth-
dwellers, inhabitants, men,^x.S4.

eor]>-cyn, -es, st. n., mankind,
human race, Ex. 370.

eor]»-cyning, -es, st. m., king of
the land, great king, king, D.
306, (Solomon), Ex. 392.

eor>-lic, adj., earthly, D. 525.

e'bw, see Jm.

(fow(i)an, (e)de, ed, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to show, reveal.

esne, -es, st. m., slave, servant,
man. Her esnas maenige, D.
244.

&st, -es, st. m., grace, favor,
pleasure.

e>(e), adv. comp., more easily.
Also adj., easy, mild.

GLOSSARY.

93

e>e, adj., waste, deserted, barren,

D. 78.
e>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to lay waste, destroy, D. 57.
e>el, -es, st. m., fatherland, na-
tive land, home, possessions, Ex.

18, D. 638.
e>el-land, -es, st. n., native land,

land, country, D. 39.
e)»el-leas, adj., exiled, homeless.

As noun, e>el-leasum, Ex. 139,

533.
e>el-riht, -es, st. n., land-right,

native right, inheritance, Ex.

211.
ej>el-weard, -es, st. m., lord of

the land, native chief; in plu.,

nobles, D. 55.
e>-fynde, adj . , easy to find, visible,

Ex. 579.

F.

facen, -es, st. n., deceit, fraud,
evil , injustice . to f acne , D . 222 .

facne, adv., deceitfully, wickedly,
Ex. 150. Also very, greatly;
adj. , wicked, deceitful, worthless.

faec, -es, st. n., period of time, a
space, D. 682, M. 295 (a).

faecne, see facne.

faeder, -es, st. m. (indec.), in
sing., father, Ex. 29, D. 10.
beorht f seder (God), Ex. 414,
(Abraham), Ex. 353. An irf-
terpolated poem begins here.

faeder-a]>elo, st. n. plu., ancestry,
paternal honor, origin, Ex. 361.

fseder-cyn(n), -es, st. n., fore-
fathers, generation of one's
fathers, Ex. 559. Also fsede-
ren-cyn.

f&ge, adj., unhappy, accursed,
doomed, (dead} , devoted to death.
fsege = the doomed, Ex. 481.

f segum stef num = with its dead
bodies, Ex. 462.

faeg(e)r, adj., fair, beautiful, joy-
ous, melodious. on faegerne
sweg = with melodious sound,
Ex. 566.

faegere, adv., beautifully, gently,
well, Ex. 297, D. 498.

fser, -es, st. m., sudden danger,
fright, peril, evil, Ex. 452, D.
592. Also, used as a prefix.

faer-bryne, -es, st. m., great heat,
terrible fire. wit> fser-bryne —
against great heat, Ex. 72.

faer-gryre, -es, st. m., sudden ter-
ror, horror, D. 463.

f&r-spell, -es, st. n., sudden, un-
expected tidings, Ex. 135.

f£r-wuiidor, -es, st. n., sudden
wonder, gen. plu., Ex. 279.

faest, adj., firm, fast, steadfast,
Ex. 422, 536, D. 312. = fsestne
(ace.), Ex. 140.

faestan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to fasten, make firm.

faestan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to fast, abstain, D. 592.

faeste, adv., fast, firmly, fseste
mid folmum, Ex. 407. ,

faesten, -es, st. n., a fastness, cas-
tle, fortress, city, captivity, Ex.
49; gen. plu., Ex. 56.

faestlic, adj., fast, firm, D. 586.

fae>m, -es, st. m., grasp, sway,
embrace, possession, D. 234.

fan, adj., proscribed, unfriendly,
hostile, guilty, Ex. 475. Also,
fag.

famgian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to foam, boil, Ex. 481.

famig, adj.,/oam?/, foaming, Ex.
287.

famig-b6sm,adj., foamy-bosomed,
the sea, Ex. 493.

94

GLOSSARY.

fana, -an, wk. vn..,flag, standard,

Ex. 248.
fandian, ode (ede), od, wk. v.,

S. 2, M. 6, to try, test, prove, D.

455.
faran, fOr, faren, st. v., S. 2, M.

4, to move, go, travel, proceed,
ride, sail, etc., Ex. 48, D. 41.
Expresses any form of move-
ment to and fro.

Farabn, -es, st. m., Pharaoh, Ex.

14.
faru, -e, st. f., a journey, march,

an army, expedition. )>as fare =

this army, Ex. 554.
fealdan, fe'bld, f(e)alden, st. v.,

5, 1, M. 5, to fold, surround,
conceal.

fea(w), adj. indec. (dat. um),
few, little, D. 326; adv., little,
few.

feax, -es, st. n., hair, D. 438.

fela, indec. noun and adj. and
adv., much, many^ very, Ex. 10,
D. 15.

feld, -es, st. m., a field, plain,
country, Ex. 287, D. 170.

feld-hus, -es, st. n., a field-house,
tent, Ex. 85.

feng, -es, st. m., grasp, hold, han-
dle, gar-bdames feng = the han-
dle of the sword, Ex. 246.

feo(h), -os, st. n., irreg., cattle,
herd, property, money, D. 66.

fe~ogau, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to hate.

feohan, feah, fegen, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to rejoice, enjoy one's self.

fe'bh-sceat, -es, st. m treasure,
money, D. 744.

fe'bn, see feohan.

fe'bn, see fe'bgan.

fe'bnd, -es, st. m., an enemy, a
foe, Ex, 22, D, 345.

feor, adv., far, far away, neah
and feor, Ex. 381.

feor(h), -es, st. m. and n., life,
living principle, living being,
man. feores f rof re = consola-
tion of his life, Ex. 404 ; to wi-
dan feore=/or life eternal, Ex.
547 ; be f core daede = on pain
of death, D. 101 ; oHaeded haef-
don feorh = had escaped with
their lives, Ex. 570, D. 15, M.
301 (a).

feorh-bana, -an, wk. m., destroy-
er of life, murderer, Ex. 399.

feorh -gebeorg (gebeorh), -es,
st. n., life's protection, refuge,
Ex. 369.

feorh-le'an, -es, st. n., revenge for
blood, life recompense. )>aet
feorh-le'an, Ex. 150.

feorh-naru, -e, life's nourishment,
protection, preservation, D. 339,
507.

feorh-nere, -es, st. m., life's ref-
uge, safety, D. 339, 507. See
feorh-naru.

febr]>a, num. adj . , fourth, f ebrj>e
AVIC = fourth encampment, Ex.
133.

feran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to go, march, journey, Ex. 45,
D. 76.

fer-clam(m), -es, st. m., sudden
peril, dangerous straits, Ex. 119
(hist.).

ferh}>, -es, st. m., soul, mind,
heart, him ferh> getwsefde =
might confuse their mind, Ex.
119, D. 407.

ferh>-bana, -an, wk. m., a life-
destroyer, murderer, Ex. 399
(Cain?).

ferhj»-loca, -an, wk. m., soul-
enclosure, breast, Ex. 267.

GLOSSARY.

95

ferian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to bear, bring, carry, Ex. 375.

f£>a, -an, wk. m., infantry, troop,
line of battle, army, Ex. 225,
266.

fe>e-gast, -es, st. m., foot-guest,
visitor, Ex. 475.

fiftig, num. adj., fifty, Ex. 229.

findan, fund, funden, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to find, find out, search,
visit, Ex. 189; findaK Ex. 519,
D. 66.

liras, st. m. plu., men, human
beings, heroes. >ara \>e manna
beam, fira= of those that the sons
of men, of heroes, Ex. 396.

firen, adj., sinful, vicious, unnat-
ural, D. 592.

firen, -e, st. f., trespass, sin, crime,
pain, outrage, D. 166.

fla(h), adj., crafty, deceitful, hos-
tile.

flan, -e, st. f., a dart, weapon, an
arrow, wibflane = against the
dart, Ex. 237.

fleah, see fle'bn.

fleam, -es, st. m., flight, banish-
ment, D. 614.

fleman, see flyman.

fle'bn, fle'ah, flogen, st. v., S. 7,
M. 3, to escape, avoid, Ex. 169,
203. Egypte flugon, Ex. 452.

fle'bs, see flys.

fl&d, -es, st. m. and n., a flood,
wave, stream, sea, Ex. 462.

fl6d-blac, adj., pale with fear of
the waters, pale, Ex. 497.

flOd-egesa, -an, wk. m., fear of
the waters, fear, Ex. 446.

fldd-weard, -e, st. f., flood-guard,
protection against the sea. flod-
wearde (wall of waves') , Ex. 493.

flOd-weg, -es, st. m., flood-way,
sea) Ex. 106,

flota, -an, wk. m., sailor, ship,
fleet, Ex. 133, 223. flota mod-
gade = the fleet (men of the}
boldly advanced, Ex. 331.

flugon, see fle'bn.

flyman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to rout, put to flight.

flys, -es, st. n., fleece, wool.

folc, -es, st. n.,folk, tribe, nation,
people, multitude, band of war-
riors, folc ferende = the de-
parting folk, Ex. 45 ; folce to
frofre=/or the comfort of the
people, Ex. 88; folc (Egyp-
tians), Ex. 486; folc (Israel),
Ex. 566, D. 10; J>am folce (Is-
rael), D. 64; folca selost (Is-
rael) , Ex. 445.

folc-cuj>, adj. and adv., world-
famous, celebrated. folc-cu)>
lafe (sword of Abraham), Ex.
407.

folc-gesi>, -es, st. m., one of the
same country, countryman, war-
rior, D. 412.

folc-getsel, -es, st. n., numbering
of the people, number, people.
on folc-getael, Ex. 229. .

folc-maegen, -es, st. n., people's
force, multitude, people, Ex. 347,
D. 185.

folc-riht, -es, st. n., folk-right,
common right, dominion, Ex.
22.

folc-swebt, -es, st. m., host, mul-
titude, folc-swe'bta maest =
greatest of multitudes, Ex. 577.

folc-talu, -e, st. f., numbering of
the people, genealogy. nigo}>a
on f olc-taele — ninth in descent
(from Noah), Ex. 379.

folc-toga, -an, wk. m., a leader
of the people, prince, commander,
Ex. 14, D, 108,

96

GLOSSARY.

foldan, see fealdan. = f olden,
— falden (concealed}, Ex. 369.

folde, -an, wk. f., the earth, land,
field, firm ground, Ex. 428, D. 502.

folin, -e, st. f ., and an, wk. f.,palm
of the hand, thehand,Ex.237,3$6.

f6n, feng, fangen, S. 1, M, 5, to
catch, grasp, receive.

for, prep. w. dat.,/or, before, inpres-
cnce of, sooner than, above, on
account of, through, because of, by
reason of, instead of, in accord-
ance icith, as to. (a) local, Ex.
314, 252, 276, D. 585, 588. (6)
causal, for geoguj>e, Ex. 235,
575, D. 166, 606; f or-]>set = for
that; for-Him = because that;
f or-Him-be —for (because).

for, see faran.

for an, adv. and prep., before, in
front of, forward, Ex. 172, D.
557. to be'bdne f oran — in pres-
ence of, D. 93.

fdran = foron, Ex. 93. See faran.

for-bsernan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to consume, burn up, de-
stroy, Ex. 70. for-baernde =
would consume, Ex. 123.

for-beornan, barn,bornen (bur-
nen), st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to con-
sume, burn, D. 435.

for-breean, braec, brocen, st. v.,
S. 4, M. 1, to break to pieces,
destroy, break.

for-byrnan, see for-beornan.

fore, adv., before, formerly. Also
adj.

fore-genga, -an, wk. m., fore-
runner, ancestor, herald, Ex
120. (fore-gengend, -es.)

fore-mihtig, adj., most mighty,
omnipotent, D. 667.

fore-weall, -es, st. m., fore-wall,
rampart, Ex. 297,

foreweard, see fore.

for-fon, feng, fangen, st. v., S.

1, M. 5, to seize, arrest, take
away, D. 614.

for-geaf, see for-gifan.

for-geald, see for-gyldan.

for-geton, see for-gitan.

for-gifan, geaf, gifan, st. v., S.
5, M. 1, to give, allow, forgive,
deliver, in selit for-geaf = to
deliver into keeping, Ex. 11, D.
478.

for-gitan, geat, giten, st. v., S.
5, M. 1, to forget, neglect, Ex.
144.

for-gyldan, geald, golden, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to pay, reward,
give back, Ex. 315.

for-habban, hsefde, wk. v., ir-
reg., to restrain, hold, avoid,
hold back, deny, abstain, Ex.
487, D. 147.

forht, adj., timid, fearful, fright-
ened, D. 725. comp. forhtra,
Ex. 259.

forhti(g)an, ede, ed, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to fear, be frightened,
Ex. 452.

for-l£tan, let, l&ten, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to let, allow, release,
abandon, D. 19, 31. ane for-
laitan — let alone.

forma, num. adj., first, sup. of fore-
weard.

for-nam, see for-niman.

for-niman, iiaiu, n union, st. v.,
S. 4, M. 1, to remove, deprive
of, Ex. 289.

for-sce'af, see for-scufan.

for-scufan, sce'af, scofen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to reject, remove,
scatter, cast down, Ex. 204.

forst, -es, st. m., cold, frost, D.
378.

GLOSSARY.

97

for-standan, ^t6d, standen, st.

v., S. 2, M. 4, to stand before,
prevent, ward off, Ex. 128.

for}», adv., forth, hither, hence,
further away, continually, near,
in the presence of. (a) local,
Ex. 103, 340, 525. (6) temporal,
Ex. 287, 404.

for-J>am, see for-}»on, Ex. 507.

forj>-gang, -es, st. m., going forth,
advance, progress, Ex. 469.

for>-here, -(g)es, st. m., van of
an army, van, head, Ex. 225.

for-J>on, conj. and adv., therefore,
on that account, Ex. 187, D. 480.

for)»-weg, -es, st. m., onward way,
departure, march, journey, Ex.
32, 129. fus for>-weges = ready
for the march, Ex. 248, M. 315
(3).

fraco>, adj., vile, base, impious,
D. 304.

fraet, see fretan.

fraet(u)we, -a, st. f. plu. orna-
ment, treasure, D. 711.

fram, see from, D. 526.

frea, -an, wk. m., master, lord
(God), Ex. 19, D. 185.

fre'a-gle'aw, adj., very wise, skil-
ful, D. 88.

freasian, ede (ade) , ed (ad) , wk.
v., S. 2, M. 6, to tempt, entice,
question, D. 695.

free, adj., &oZc£, rash, frecne spel,
Ex. 203.

freca, -an, wk. m.,wolf, warrior,
hero, Ex. 217.

frecne, adv., boldly, harshly , fierce-
ly, with danger, Ex. 38; adj.,
bold, fierce, dangerous, D. 228.

fremde, adj., foreign, strange,
distant, D. 185.

fremman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to do, make, help, support,

keep, further, commit, D. 106,
Ex. 146. (fremian.)

freb, adj., free-born, free, well-
born.

freb, st. f., mistress, lady.

freb, -os, st. m., a freeman, man.
fre'bs, D. 66.

fre'b-bearn, -es, st. n., a free-born
child, noble child or descendant,
Ex. 445, D. 239.

fre'b-brojjor, -or, st. m. irreg., an
own brother, Ex. 338.

fre^oh, adj., see freb.

freom, adj., strong, firm, mighty,
Ex. 14.

fre7>-m&g, -es, st. m., a relative,
kinsman, Ex. 355.

freo)>o-w&r, -e, st. f., a covenant,
an agreement of peace, Ex. 306.

freojm(o), -e, st. f., peace, se-
curity, favor, freedom, Ex. 422,
D. 222.

fretan, fraet, freten, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to eat, consume, break.
wsere f rseton = broke the com-
pact, Ex. 147.

fri, see fre'bh.

fricgan, fraeg, frigen, st. v., S.
5, M. 1, to ask, inquire into,
learn, find out, Ex. 1, D. 329.

frignan, fraegn, frugnen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to ask, learn by ask-
ing, learn, D. 122, 528.

frinan, fran, frunen, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to ask, inquire, ascer-
tain.

fri]>, -es, st. m. and n., peace,
safety, protection, D. 64, 214.

fr6d, adj., wise, prudent, experi-
enced, Ex. 29, D. 667.

fr6for, -e, st. f., solace, comfort,
Ex. 88, D. 339.

from, adj.,.#rm, bold, brave, skil-
ful, Ex. 54.

98

GLOSSARY.

from, prep., from, Ex. 378, D.
267. (fram.)

fruma, -an, wk. m., beginning.
on fruman — at first, D. 35.

frum-bearn, -es, st. n., first-born,
Ex. 38, 338.

frum-cnebw, -es, st. n., first gen-
eration, progenitor, parent, Ex.
371.

frum-cyn, -es, st. n., ancestry,
descent, family, Ex. 361, D. 317.
(from-cyn.)

frum-gar, -es, st. m., chief, no-
ble. >a frum-garas, D. 101.

frum-sceaft, -e, st. f., first cre-
ation, beginning, creature, Ex.
274.

frum-slaep, -e, st. f., first sleep,
D. 108.

frum-spraec, -e, st. f ., first saying,
former speech, promise, D. 326.

frymj>, -es and -e, st. m. and f.,
origin, commencement, first-
fruits, D. 35.

fugel, -es, st. m., fowl, bird, D.
507. Also, fugol.

ful(l), adj., full, filled, complete,
Ex. 450. Also adv., fully.

ful, adj.,/ow£, unclean, vile.

ful-l&st, -es, st. m., help, support,
Ex. 554.

fur}>or, adv., forth, comp. of for)?.

fus, adj., ready, quick, forward,
ready (to die), Ex. 103, etc.;
adv., suddenly, Ex. 129.

fyll, -es, st. m., fall, decay, slaugh-
ter, ruin, Ex. 167.

fyllan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to fill, finish, fulfil, D. 326.

fyllan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to fell, destroy, cut down. Also
fellan.

fyr, -es, st. n., fire, flame, Ex. 93,
D. 214,

fyrd, -e, st. f ., army, camp, Ex. 54.

fyrd-getrum, -es, st. n., battle-
array, host, company, Ex. 103.

fyrd-leb>, -es, st. n., army-song,
Ex. 577.

fyrd-wic,-es, st. n., camp, encamp-
ment, Ex. 129.

fyren, adj., fiery, fiaming,~Ex. 120.

fyren-d&d, -e, st. f ., an evil deed,
sin, evil.

fyr-lig, -es, st. n., fire-fiame,fire,
fiame.

fyrmest, sup. of foreweard, first,
foremost, Ex. 310.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. plu., days of
old, of yore, former days, Ex.
559, D. 317.

fyrst, adj., sup. of foreweard,
Ex. 399.

fyrst, -es, st. m., portion of time,
delay, space, respite. on ham
fyrste •= at the time, Ex. 189 ;
niht-langne fyrst, Ex. 208.

fyrst-meare, -e, st. f., a space,
period, D. 560.

G.

gaed, -es, st. n., want, need. J>aet
J>am gad ne wsere, P. 102.

gaedeling, -es, st. m., companion,
comrade, relation, D. 422.

gaers, see graes.

gaest, see gast.

galan, gol, galen, st. v., S. 2, M.
4, to sing, call, cry aloud, re-
sound, hraefen gol, Ex. 162;
fyrd-leb> golon, Ex. 577.

gamel, adj., old, gray; plu., late,
(ancestors), Ex. 240.

gamol, see gamel.

g&n, e'bde, ge-gan, wk. v., irreg.,
to go, walk, come, happen, Ex.
310. rsed for)> gse>, Ex. 525, D.
158.

GLOSSARY.

99

gang, *es, st. m., a going, an ex-
pedition, a course, moving, an
attack. >urh gromra gang, D.
51, 263.

gangan, geiig, gangen, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to go, walk, come, hap-
pen, march, D. 151.

g&r, -es, st. m., spear, arrow, dart,
javelin, garas tryraedon, Ex.
159.

gar-beam, -es, st. m., spear-shaft,
beam, Ex. 246.

g^r-berend, -es, st. m., (part.),
spear-bearer or bearing, warrior,
Ex. 231.

gar-faru, -e, st. f., spear-bearing
host, host, of er gar-fare, Ex. 343.

gar-he'ap, -es, st. m., spear-heap,
spearmen, army, Ex. 321.

gar-secg, -es, st. m., sea, ocean,
Ex. 281. gar-secg wedde = the
sea raged, Ex. 489. gar-secges
gin, Ex. 430.

gar-wudu, -a, st. m., spear-wood,
lance, spear, Ex. 325.

gast, -es, st. m., ghost, breath,
spirit, soul, Ex. 544, D. 480.
halig gast, D. 21 ; gastas = liv-
ing beings, Ex. 447. halige gas-
tas = holy men, prophets, D. 26,
(Holy Ghost} Ex. 524.

ge, see >u.

gealh-mdd, adj., wroth, furious,
sad, D. 230.

ge(a)re, adv., very well, Ex. 291.

gearu(o), adj. and adv., ready,
prompt, promptly, D. 128, M.
251 (1).

gearwe, adv., quickly, readily,
Ex. 59, 193.

ge-bad, see ge-bfdan.

ge-b£dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to force, compel, drive,
overcome, persuade, D. 202.

ge-bead, sec ge-be'bdan.
ge-bed, -es, st. n., prayer, peti-
tion, D. 191.
ge-be'bdan, be'ad, boden, st. v.,

5, 7, M. 3, order, bid, direct,
surrender, show, offer, threaten,
Ex. 191, D. 223.

ge-beorgan, bearg(h), borgen,
st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to save, spare,
protect, ward off, (avoid), D.
475.

ge-bidan, bad, biden, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to await, bide, remain,
expect, experience, find, ge-bi-
den haefdon, Ex. 238.

ge-biden, see ge-bidan.
ge-bindan, band, bunden, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to bind, tie, fetter, D.

519.
ge-blandaii, blend, blanden, st.

v., S. 1, M. 5, to blend, mingle,

disturb, mix, exchange, pollute.

heolfre ge-blanden = polluted

with blood, Ex. 476.
ge-bletsian, ode, od, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to bless, consecrate, D.

363. (ge-bletsigan.)
ge-bohte, see ge-bycgan.
ge-bycgan, bohte, boht, wk. v.,

S. 1, M. 6, to buy, procure, sat-
isfy, Ex. 151.
ge-ce'bsan, ceas, coren, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to choose, select, (cnih-
tas) . . . ge-corene= chosen, D.
92.

ge-cwej>an, cwse}>, cweden, st.
v., S. 5, M. 1, to say, speak, D.
200, 561.

ge-cynde, adj., belonging by birth,
natural right, natural, him ge-
cynde wses = by natural right
was, D. 3.

ge-cy)»an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to make known, reveal,

100

GLOSSARY.

proclaim, Ex. 406, 292. ge-cy-
>ed, Ex. 419, D. 113.

ge-d£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to divide, distribute, sepa-
rate, Ex. 76, 207.

ge-deman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to judge, deem, consider,
decide, decree, dom ge-demed
= judgment decreed, D. 245, 655.

ge-ddn, dide, wk. v., irreg., to
do, act, make, cause, D. 168.

ge-drencan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to drown. deaj>e ge-
drenced — drowned in death, Ex.
34, 520.

ge-dreme, see ge-dryme.

ge-dre'bsan, dreas, droren, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to fall, sink, perish.
eall ge-dr<fas, Ex. 499.

ge-driht, -e, st. f., host, multitude.
eorla ge-driht, Ex. 304, D. 22.

ge-drym, adj., joyous, cheerful.
sup. ge-drymost, Ex. 79.

ge-dwola, -an, wk. m., error,
guile, godlessness, sin. in ge-
dwolum — in error {sin), D. 22.

ge-eglan, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to injure, afflict, D. 344.

ge-faran, f6r, faren, St. v., S. 2,
M. 4, to go, come, march, move.
J>set werod ge-for, D. 44.

ge-feallan,fe'bl(l),feallen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to fall down, to fall,
come upon, overwhelm, reach,
Ex.482. ge-fe~ol= overwhelmed,
Ex. 491.

ge-feohan, feah, fegen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to enjoy, delight in.
life ge-f egon — delighted in life,
Ex. 569. (ge-febn.)

ge-f eon, see ge-feohan, D. 268.
ge-feran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1., M.

6, to go, come, advance, Ex.
286.

ge-feterian, ode, od, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to fetter, bind, fseste
ge-f eterod = fast-bound, Ex. 4G9.

ge-fihan, see ge-feohan.

ge-flyman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to expel, rout, banish, D.
261.

ge-frefege, -es, st. n., information,
knowledge by asking, mine ge-
frsege = as I have learned {by
asking), Ex. 368. So in B.

ge-fr&ge, adj., famous, widely
known, sup. ge-fraegost, Ex.
395; (notorious'), D. 304.

ge-fraegn, see ge-frignan, D. 459,
739.

ge-frecnian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to corrupt, make evil,
cruel. D. 184.

ge-fremman, de, ed, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to do, work, execute,
further.

ge-fricgan, fraeg, frigen, st. v.,
S. 5, M. 1, to learn, learn by
asking, hear of, Ex. 1, D. 1, 57,
459, 739, M. 199.

ge-frigen, see ge-fricgan.

ge-frignan, fraegn, frugnen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to learn by ask-
ing, hear, learn, Ex. 98, 285.

ge-frinan, fran, frunen, st. v.,

5. 3, M. 2, to hear of, learn by
asking, Ex. 388, D. 235.

ge-frunen, see ge-frinan.
ge-fyllan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,~

M. 6, to fell, slay, Ex. 38.
ge-fyllan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to fill, fulfil.
ge-fysan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,M.

6, to hasten, urge on, Ex. 54,
221.

ge-gan, ebde, wk. v. irreg., to
go, practise, conquer, pass, Ex.
246.

GLOSSARY.

101

ge-gledan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to kindle, lighten, make hot.

gegnunga, adv., openly, plainly,
straightway, D. 212.

ge-grlnd, -es, st. n., rubbing,
crash, commotion, Ex. 330.

ge-hat, -es, st. n., a vow, promise.

ge-hatan, het, haten, st. v., S. 1,
M. 5, to vow, promise, Ex. 557,
D. 31G.

ge-healdan, hebld, healden, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to hold, maintain,
possess, keep faithfully, observe.
gif ge ge-healda}> = if ye ob-
serve, Ex. 560.

ge-higd, see ge-hygd.

ge-hladan, h!6d, hladen, st. v.,
S. 2, M. 4, to load, place upon.
ge-hlodon him = loaded them-
selves, D. 65.

ge-(h)nipan, see ge-nipan.

ge-hwS,, adj. pro., each, every, Ex.
4, 6; on healfa ge-hwam = on
each side, Ex. 209, 227. Also
each one, every one, fdbnda ge-
hwone, Ex. 561 ; burga ge-
hwone, D. 65, M. 136 (5) (a).

ge-hweorfan, hwearf, hworfen,
st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to turn, change,
return, wander, go over, D. 109,
254.

ge-hwilc, adj. pro., each, every,
each one, whoever, whatever,
Ex. 187. cista ge-hwilc, Ex.
230, D. 364.

ge-h wylc, see ge-hwilc. yfela
ge-hwylces = every evil, Ex. 537.

ge-hycgan, hogode, hogod, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to consider, re-
flect, regard, D. 586.

ge-hygd, -es, st. n.,(e.f.~), thought,
reflection, counsel, secan ge-
hygdum = to ascertain by reflec-
tion, D. 49, 732.

ge-hyld, -es, st. n., custody, pro-
tection, in ge-hyld — in custody,
Ex. 382.

ge-hyran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to hear, heed, obey, perceive.
ge-hyrdon= ge-hyrden, Ex. 255.
ge-hyrdon, Ex. 307.

ge-lad, -es, st. n., way, path,
course, Ex. 58, 313, M. 295 (a).

ge-lad, see ge-la>.

ge-l&ddan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to lead, bring, conduct,
Ex. 62, D. 68.

ge-l£stan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to follow out, execute, ob-
serve, remain, nu ge-l£stan =
now execute, Ex. 557, D. 219.

ge-la>, adj., hostile. As noun,
ge-la>e, Ex. 206.

ge-le'afa, -an, wk. m., faith, trust,
belief, assent, D. 643.

ge-lic, adj., like, similar, equal,
D. 510.

ge-limpan, lamp, lumpen, st. v.,

5. 3, M. 1, to befall, happen,
succeed, D. 114.

ge-lyfan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to grant, concede, permit, be-
lieve, ge-lyfed = granted, Ex.
555; ge-lyfde, D. 447; ge-lyf-
don, D. 28, 58.

ge-m£ne, adj., common, in com-
mon, general, mutual, D. 362.

ge-m&re, -es, st. n., border, limit.

ge-m£(t)tan, te, ed, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to dream, D. 122, 157,
M. 290 (c).

ge-met, -es, st. n., limit, bounds,
end, measure, D. 250.

ge-met, adj., meet, good, becom-
ing, D. 492.

ge-mengan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to mix, mingle, unite, D.
184.

102

GLOSSARY.

ge-munan, de, ed, pret. pres.,
to remember, recall, consider,
think of, Ex. 220, D. 85, 119.

ge-mynd, -es, st. n., also e. f.,
thought, mind, remembrance, D.
630.

ge-myndlg, adj., mindful, heed-
ful . rseda ge-myndig = mindful
of counsels, Ex. 548.

ge-myndg(i)an, ode, od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to be mindful of, D.
571.

ge-myntan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to intend, resolve, be mind-
ful of. ge-mynted, Ex. 197.

gen, adv., again, once more, Ex.
289.

ge-ii&gan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to assail, oppress, offer,
subdue, Ex. 130, 169.

ge-napan, nebp, napen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to attack, come upon,
overwhelm, Ex. 475.

ge-nerian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to save, redeem, protect, D.
234, 448.

ge-ne>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to dare, venture, Ex. 68,
570.

geng, see geong, D. 102.

gengan, gengde, wk. v. irreg.,
to go.

ge-niman, nam, numen, st. v.,

5. 4, M. 1, to take, seize, take
hold of. ge-nam mid folmum
= seized with hands, D. 707, 710.

ge-iiipan, nap, nipen, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to grow dark, cover
over, come upon, (overcome).
him . . . ge-nap = came upon
them, Ex. 454.

ge-niwian, ode (ade), od (ad),
wk. v., S. 2, M. 6, to renew, Ex.
35,

ge-nydan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to force, compel.

ge'oc, -e, st. f., help, support,
safety, consolation, D. 233.

gebcian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to help, strengthen, com-
fort, T>. 292.

ge'bcor, adj., sad, bitter, dire,
brave, D. 617.

ge'bcre, adv., harshly, severely,
angrily, sup. D. 211.

geofon, -es, st. n., sea, ocean, Ex.
580.

geogu}>, -e, st. f., youth, state of
youth, young persons, (men),
Ex. 235, D. 81.

gebmor, adj., sad, gloomy, trou-
bled, Ex. 430, 447.

geond, prep., beyond, through,
among, along, over, throughout,
as far as, D. 80, 301.

geond-sawan, sebw, sawen, St.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to sow abroad,
scatter, spread, D. 278.

geong, adj., young, D. 434.

georn, adj., eager, desirous, dili-
gent, seeking, D. 45, 95.

georne, adv., zealously, carefully,
willingly, Ex. 177, D. 739.

ge-r&de, -es, st. n., equipment,
trappings, D. 699.

gere, adv., very well, thoroughly,
Ex. 33, 291. Cf. geare.

ge-rec(e)nian, ode, od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to explain, make
clear, (run bij>) ge-recenod =
made*plain, Ex. 525.

ge-rfcfa, -an, wk. m., king's offi-
cer, officer, prefect, D. 79.

ge-regnian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to arrange, set in order,
prepare, provide.

ge-riman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to count, compute, Ex. 439.

GLOSSARY.

103

ge-ri(y)sne, -es, st. n., what is
proper, convenient, D. 420. Also
adj.

ge-rume, adj., roomy, spacious,
ample, D. 291.

Gerusalem, f., irreg., Jerusalem.

ge-ryman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to make room, spread open,
Ex, 284.

ge-ryne, -es, st. n., a secret, mys-
tery, wonder, D. 149, 723.

ge-saegde, see ge-secgan.

ge-s£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to bind, D. 521.

ge-s&luii, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,M.
6, to happen, occur happily, ef-
fect, him ge-sselde, Ex. 316.

ge-samnian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to assemble, summon,
collect, D. 52.

ge-sawon, see ge-se'bn.

ge-sc(e7adan, scetb)d, scaden
(sce'aden), st. v., S. 1, M. 5, to
separate, cut off, deprive, feore
ge-sce'bdon = deprived of life, D.
15. Also, to decide, hilcle ge-
sce'adan, Ex. 504.

ge-sceaft, -e, st. f., creature, crea-
tion, fate, destiny, decree, D. 160.

ge-scea>an, sc(e)6d, scea>en, st.
v., S. 2, M. 4, to injure, over-
whelm, Ex. 488, D. 15, 490. Also
ge-sceW>an, -scod-, S. 2, M. 4.

ge-sceon, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to occur, assign, allot (by
fate}, D. 620, Ex. 506.

ge-scraf, see ge-scrifan.

ge-scrifan, scraf, serif en, st. v.,
S. 6, M. 2, to assign, impose
upon, Ex. 139.

ge-scyldan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to shield, defend, Ex. 72,
D. 458.

ge-seah, see ge-se'bn.

ge-sealde, see ge-syllan.
ge-secgan, saegde, saegd, wk. v.

irreg., to say, tell, declare, ex-
plain, Ex. 24, 437.

ge-sellan, see ge-syllan, D. 533.

ge-settan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to set, place, arrange, mark
out, Ex. 27, D. 641.

ge-se'bn, seah, sewen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to see, look, discern, Ex.
83, D. 22.

ge-se>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to affirm, verify.
gesige-faest, adj., victorious, D.

288.

ge-sih}>, -e, st. f., sight, face, vis-
ion, appearance.

gesiue, adj., deprived of, without.
we gesine ne syn = we may not
be deprived of, Ex. 528.

ge-sittan, saet, seten, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to sit down, settle, inhabit,
possess. In pres. plu. has a
future sense, Ex. 442.

ge-sij>, -es, st. m., a follower, com-
panion, D. 662.

ge-sle'an, sloh, slegen, st. v., S.
2, M. 4, to slay, kill, strike, con-
quer, leap up,~D. 249.

ge-spannan, spe'bn, span(n)en,
st. v., S. 1, M. 5, to join, fasten,
stretch, attack, Ex. 174.

ge-spe'bn, see ge-spannan.

ge-sprecan, spraec, sprecen, st.
v., S. 5, M. 1, to tell, speak, D. 594.

ge-standan, stud, standen, st.
v., S. 2, M. 4, to stand attack,
press on, oppose, Ex. 303.

ge-stepan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to raise, erect, Ex. 297.

ge-stigan, stall, stigen, st. v., S.
6, M. 2, to ascend, rise, reach.
grund ge-stah = reached the bot-
tom, Ex. 502.

104

GLOSSARY.

ge-stillan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to still, restrain, Ex. 254.

ge-st6d, see ge-standan.

ge-strebn, -es, St. n., treasure,
riches, Ex. 587, D. 61, 65.

ge-strudan, stread, stroden, st.
v., S. 7, M. 3, to ravage, de-
spoil, plunder, ge-strudan ge-
strebna — plundered the treas-
ures, D. 61; (ge-strudan = ge-
strndon), D. 61.

ge-swelgan, s\vealh, s\volgen,
st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to swallow up,
devour, destroy, ge-swealh, Ex.
512.

ge-sweorcan, swearc, sworcen,
st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to be darkened,
become dark, Ex. 461.

ge-swi>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to strengthen, confirm, in-
vigorate, Ex. 30, D. 288.

ge-sy(i)h>, -e, st. f., see ge-sih>,
D. 273.

ge-syllan, sealde, seald, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to give, grant, deliver,
Ex. 16, 20.

gesyne, see gesine.

ge-synto, -e, st. f., health, safety,
prosperity, fruit, Ex. 272.

ge-teald, see ge-tellan.

ge-teled, see ge-tellan.

ge-tellan, tealde, teald, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to compute, tell,
count, Ex. 224. ge-teled rime
= computed in number, Ex.
372.

ge-tenge, adv., near, heavy, press-
ing, heortan ge-tenge = near
the heart, Ex. 148, D. 629.

ge-tebn, te'ah(g), togen, st. v.,

5. 7, M. 3, to draw, Ex. 407.
ge-tebn, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to appoint, design, establish,
D. 204.

ge-timbrian, ede, ed, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to build, erect, construct,
Ex. 391.

ge-ti>ian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to grant a request, to grant,
Ex. 141. Ms. here defective.

ge-tw£fan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to divide, distract, confuse,
Ex. 119.

ge->ah, see ge->lcgan and ge-
Jrihan.

ge-J>anc, -es, st. m. and n. , thought,
thinking, mind, opinion, on ge-
\>ancum = in mind, T>. 358, 536,
M. 313 (a).

ge->eaht, -e, st. f., reflection,
counsel, consideration, D. 205.

ge->encan, }>ohte, >oht, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to think, devise, re-
member, think upon, D. 420.

ge-^e'bn, Jje'ah, J»ogen, st. v., S.
7, M. 3, to thrive, prosper, Ex.
143. See ge->ihan.

ge->icgan, >(e)ah, >lgen, st. v.,

5. 5, M. 1, to accept, receive,
take, Ex. 354.

ge-}>ihan, )>ah, ]>ihen, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to grow, thrive, succeed,
Ex. 143.

ge->incan, Jmhte, >uht, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to seem, appear (im-
pers.). me \>\nc\> = it seems to
me (meseems).

ge-Jnng, -es, st. n., a council, an
assembly, a covenant, destiny,
D. 546. ge-J>inges wyrcan = to
form an assembly, D. 468.

ge-}»oht, -es, st. m., thought, idea.
ge->ohtas, D. 18.

ge-wadan, wod, waden, st. v.,
S. 2, M. 4, to go through, (icade),
go, advance, press upon, Ex.
462.

ge-wat, see ge-witan.

GLOSSARY.

105

ge-wealc, -es, st. n., rolling, toss-
ing. y)>a ge-wealc = rolling of
the sea ('waves'), Ex. 455.

ge-weald, -e, st. f., power, might,
rule* Ex. 20, D. 608.

ge-weaxan, we'bx, weaxen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to grow, wax, in-
crease, D. 563. Also, pret. wox,

5. 2, M. 4.

ge-wemman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to defile, injure, spoil, P.
240, 437.

ge-wendan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to turn about, change,
turn.

ge-weorj>an, wear J>, worden, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to become, be,
take place, Ex. 365, D. 471,
497.

ge-weor>ian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to honor, adorn, make
worthy. ge-weor>od = adorned,
Ex. 580, D. 41.

gewin-daeg, -es, st. m., day of
battle, of labor, of sorrow, D.
616.

ge-windan, wand, wunden, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to wind, wind
about, entangle, D. 251.

ge-wita, -an, wk. m., a compan-
ion, witness.

ge-witan, wat, witen, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to go, depart, move,
come, (die), Ex. 346. for]? ge-
v?&t = died, Ex. 41; up ge-wat
= came up, Ex. 459, D. 441.

ge-witt, -es, st. n., mind, skill,
knowledge, D. 572, 628. (ge-
wit.)

ge-writ, -es, st. n., a writ, writ-
ing, book, (Scripture}, on ge-
writum, Ex. 519.

ge-wun, adj., Msec?, accustomed,
Ex. 473.

ge-wurj>ian, see ge-weor>ian,

D. 407, 444, M. 401 (a).

ge-wyrcan, worhte, worht, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to work, make, do,
construct, Ex. 396, D. 604.

ge-wyrht, -es, st. n., a work,
deed.

ge-wyrhto, indec., deserts, merits,
deeds, D. 444.

ge-wyr)»ian, see ge-weor)>iaii ,
Ex. 10.

giddian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to recite, sing, speak, D.
728.

gif, conj., if, though, even if, pro-
vided that, whether, Ex. 52.

gifan, geaf, gif en, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to give, grant, bestow.
wear)> wig gif en, D. 5.

gifu, -e, st. f., gift, grace, favor,
D. 86.

gih}>o, -e, st. f., sorrow, care,
trouble. gihHim healdab = in
sorrow hold, Ex. 534. (gehbu.)

gild, -es, st. n., reparation, re-
ward, retribution, D. 175.

gildan, geald, golden, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to reward, requite, re-
store, D. 212. (geldan.)

gilp, -es, st. m., boast, boasting,
vain-glory, Ex. 514, D. 599.
Also gielp.

gilpan, gealp, golpen, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to boast, D. 712,
714.

gilp-plega, -an, see gylp-plega.

gin, -es, st. n., an expanse, abyss,
a chasm, Ex. 430.

gin-faest, adj., vast, wide, mighty.
Ex. 524.

ging, adj., see geong, D. 90.

gitan, geat, giten, st. v., S. 5,
M. I, to get, obtain.

glade, adv., gladly, D. 439.

106

GLOSSARY.

glade, -es, st. m., fall, fall (of
sun) . ser glade = before sunset,
Ex. 293.

glaed, adj., glad.

glaed-mdd, adj., glad of mind,
joyous, kind.

gle'aw, adj., wise, knowing, hav-
ing knowledge of, D. 81, 743.

glea w-m6d , ad j . , wise-minded ,
prudent, D. 448.

gled, -e, st. f.,fire, coal, D. 465.

gnorn, adj., sad, gloomy, gylp
wearj> gnornra = their boasting
became sadder, Ex. 454.

god, -es, st. m., God; plu., idols,
Ex. 23, 71, 380, D. 24, 86. hie
wi> god wunnon = they against
God contended, Ex. 514.

g6d, -es, st. n., a good, good

gdd, adj., good; plu., goods, wel-
fare, Ex. 358, D. 11, 90, etc.

god-s&d, -es, st. n., piety, fear of
God, (God's seed), D. 90.

god-spellian, -ode, od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to proclaim, (to gos-
pel), herald.

god- web, -es, st. n., costly tex-
ture, purple cloth, purple, Ex.
587.

gold, -es, st. n., gold, Ex. 580, D.
59.

gold-faet, -es, st. n., a gold ves-
sel, costly vessel, D. 755.

gold-h(e)ord, -es, st. m., a treas-
ury, treasure, treasure of gold,
D. 2.

gomel, see gamel.

gr£dig, adj., greedy, covetous, de-
sirous, hilde grsedige = greedy
of battle, Ex. 162.

graes, -es, st. n., grass, D. 557.

gr&tan, gret, gr£ten, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to weep, lament.

gram, adj., hostile, fierce, cruel,
dire, Ex. 144. >urh gramra
gang = through the onset of the
enemy, D. 51.

gram-lice, adj., fiercely, severely,
D. 714.

grene, adj., green, Ex. 281, 312,
D. 518.

gretan, -te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to
greet, accost, approach, seek out,
take hold of, begin, Ex. 44; to
call, Ex. 233,= curon (chose}.

grim, adj., fierce, wild, cruel, hos-
tile, angry, grim and gealh-
mod, D. 230, 439, 465.

grim-helm, -es, st. m., mark-
helm, visor, helmet with visor,
Ex. 174, 330.

grimme, adv., cruelly, fiercely,
hostilely, D. 211, 227. (sup.)

grindan, grand, grunden, st. v.,

5. 3, M. 1, to grind, rub together.
grom, see gram, D. 233.
grome, adv., fiercely, severely, T>.

695.
grund, -es, st. m., ground, earth,

bottom, Ex. 312, 502, D. 301.
grymetan, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to sound, clash, rage, ecg

grymetode = the weapon sounded

out, Ex. 408.
gryndan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to be in the deep, to be deep,
D. 324.

gryre, -es, st. m., dread, terror,

fright, Ex. 20. gyllende gryre,

Ex. 489, D. 439.
gnma, -an, wk. m., man, person,

being, Ex. 174, 193, (Israel) D.

51, 175.
gum-rice, -es, st. n., kingdom of

men, kingdom, earth, D. 176.
gu>, -e, st. f., war, battle, conflict,

Ex, 159, 325.

GLOSSARY.

107

gu>-cyst, -e, st. f., battle host,
chosen host (bravery), Ex. 343.

guj»-fremmend, -es, st. m. (part.) ,
fighting one, warrior, Ex. 231.

gu>-mearc, see gu>-myrc.

guj»--myrc, -e, st. f., hostile fron-
tier (Gr.).

Gu>-myrce, st. plu., Ethiopians,
Ex. 59.

gu>->re'at, -es, st. m., war-band,
host, Ex. 193.

gu>-weard, -es, st. m. , war-guard,
leader, protector, Ex. 174.

gyfan, see gifan.

gyddian, see giddian.

gyld, see gild.

gyldan, geald, golden, st. v.,

5. 3, M. 1, to repay, restore, re-
ward, facne gyldan, Ex. 150.

gylden, adj., golden, Ex. 321.

gyllan, (e)de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to roar, cry, sound aloud,
make a loud noise, Ex. 489.

gylp, see gilp.

gylp-plega, -an, wk. m., boastful
spear-play, war, Ex. 280.

gyman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to keep, observe, care for. ne
gymdon, kept not, Ex. 140.

gyrd-wite, -es, st. n., affliction,
punishment by the rod, Ex. 15.

gyst-sele, -es, st. m., guest-hall,
banquet-hall, bysne gyst-sele
(the world, as a present abode) ,
Ex. 534.

gyt, conj. and adv., yet, still, Ex.
235, 519.

H.

habban, haefde, ed(d), wk. v.
irreg., to have, keep, hold, oc-
cupy, possess, M. 222. As an
auxiliary, Ex. 1, 30, 37, 64, D.
63, 444, habban heora hlencan

= to put on (have on) their corse-
lets, Ex. 218 ; haefdon to segne
= had for a sign, Ex. 319, D.
1634 ; haefdon = hsef den, D. 454.

had, -es, st. m., age, rank, person,
condition, form, manner, tribe,
nature, D. 300, 371. (Eng.
hood.)

haefde, see habban.

haeft, -es, st. m., fetter, captivity,
distress, haeft waes on-seeled =
their captivity ivas over, Ex. 583,
D. 206, 307. Also captive, slave.

haeg-steald, -es, st. m., one of
high degree, leader, bachelor, Ex.
192, 327.

haele>, -es, st. m., hero, warrior,
mem, Ex. 63, plu. hsele}>; Ex.
78, 376, 388, D. 71, M. 74, 1 (a).
h£ele)>a, D. 178, 403, 684 (Medes
and Persians).

h£lig, see halig.

h£s, -e, st. f., a command, behest.
haliges hsesum= at the command
of the Holy One, Ex. 385.

li&tan, -te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to
heat, make hot.

haetu(o), -e, st. f., heat, warmth,
D. 262.

hae>, -e, st. f., heath, waste.

h£>en, -es, st. m., a pagan,
heathen, D. 153, 252. Also adj.,
pagan, heathen, D. 71, 94.

h£J>en-cyning, -es, st. m., king
of the heathen, heathen king, D.
54.

h£>en-ddm, -es, st. m., heathen-
dom, D. 221.

h£>en-gyld, -es, st. n., idol, idol-
atry, D. 207.

haewen, adj., azure, blue, se'b
h£wene lyft, Ex. 476.

h&l, adj., whole, sound, healthy,
unharmed, D. 271.

108

GLOSSARY.

haiig, adj., holy, sacred, Ex. 71,
74. haliges lare = the teaching
of the Holy One, Ex. 307; ha-
liges hsesum, Ex. 385, D. 98;
haliges gastas, D. 26.

hais-wur]>ung, -e, st. f., thanks-
giving, praise for prosperity.
hand a-hofon hals-wurfrmge =
they raised their hands in thanks-
giving, Ex. 581.

ham, -es, st. m., home, to hame
= home, Ex. 456. As adv., Ex.
507.

ham-si ttende, adj. (part.), abid-
ing, residing, D. 687.

hand, -a, st. f., hand, Ex. 43, D.
722. Expresses agency, Jmrh
Moyses hand, Ex. 479, D. 4.

hand-lean, -es, st. n., reward,
recompense, Ex. 19.

hand-plega, -an, wk. m., hand-
flay, contest, encounter, Ex.
327.

hand-r6f, adj., strong-handed, fa-
mous for strength of hand, brave.
As noun, hand-rofra here, Ex.
247.

hand-weorc, -es, st. n., hand-
work, work, hand-weorc godes
(the ivall of waters}, Ex. 492.

har, adj., hoar, gray, old, Ex. 118,
181.

hasu(o), adj., gray, ashen, tawny,
Ex. 284.

hat, adj., hot, burning, fervid,
glowing, Ex. 71, D. 271, 281.
hate, Ex. 78, M. 362 (1) ; hatan
lige, Ex. 122.

hat, -es, st. n., heat, fire, Ex. 78
(inst.).

hat, see ge-hat, D. 321. (hat =
hads.)

hatan, he(h)t, (heht), ha ten.
st. v., S. 1, M. 5, to order, call,

command, promise, pass, hatte
= to be called, named, Ex. 63,
177, D. 79, 120. het, supplied
after faran, D. 53.

hat-wende, adj., hot, burning,
Ex. 74.

he, pers. pro., he (she, it). Also
reflexive, himself, Ex. 263, 402,
D.21,47. se him = he to who m,
Ex. 380; plu., hie, Ex. 387;
gen., heora, Ex. 509, (hiera) D.
10; heom (dat.), Ex. 586; ace.
plu., hie, Ex. 456, 498, D. 17,
29 ; used indefinitely = they.

he'af, -es, st. m., mourning, lam-
entation, he'af waes ge-niwad,
Ex. 35.

helih, &dj.,high, noble, great, im-
portant, comp. hyrra, sup. hyhst
(heahst), Ex. 492, D. 383.
he'ah WOBS = great was, Ex. 19
(hige-craeft) he'ane — excellent,
D. 98. As adv., high, far up.
he'ah to heofenum, Ex. 460.

heah-burg(h) , -e, st. f., a high
city, metropolis, D. 699.

heah-cyning, -es, st. m., high
king, king of kings, lord, (God),
D. 408, 626.

he'ah-faeder, -es, st. m., patriarch.
h&h-faedeni sura = one of the
patriarchs, Ex. 357.

heah-heort, adj., high-hearted,
proud, D. 540.

heah-land, -es, st. n., highland,
mountain country, Ex. 385. Also
b&h-lofid.

he'ah-maegen, -es, st. n., high
strength, power, virtue.

heahst, see he'ah.

he'ah-steald, see haeg-steald.

he'ah-tre'bw, -e, st. f., league,
sacred covenant.

heah->egen, see heh->egn.

GLOSSARY.

109

heah->egmmg, -e, st. f., high
service, duty, office, Ex. 96.

heah-)mngen, adj., noble, illus-
trious, (Moses}, Ex. 517.

healdan, hexjld, healdan, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to hold, hold fast,
support, own, occupy, preserve,
protect, observe, Ex. 177. waere
healdan = keep the covenant, D.
1 1 ; gihjmm healda}> = hold (in-
hab.it) with sorrow, Ex. 534, D.
198. (hebld = heald, Ex. 61?)

healf, -e, st. f., half, side, Ex.
209.

heall, -e, st. f., a hall, P. 719,
729.

helm, adj., depressed, abject, poor,
despised, miserable, D. 666.

heap, -es, st. m., heap, crowd,
band, army, assembly, Ex. 192,
311, D. 302.

heard, adj., hard, bold, severe,
durable, strong, Ex. 327. hearde
= brave, D. 94, 432.

hearde, adv., severely, D. 598.

hearg(h) , -es, st. m. , grove, wood,
idol, temple.

hearm, -es, st. m.. harm, loss,
sorrow, evil, D. 458.

hearra, -an, wk. m., lord, master,
D. 393.

he'a-seld, -es, st. n., a high seat,
throne, D. 722.

hea]>o-rinc, -es, st. m., battle-
hero, hero, warrior, Ex. 241.

heajjo-wylm, -es, st. m., battle-
wave, deadly flame-waves, feuds,
Ex. 148. heaho(u), used only
in compounds.

hebban, hof, hafen, st. v., S. 2,
M. 4, to heave, raise, lift up;
M. 207 (d), lift up (the voice).
ge-fraegn . . . hebban = learned
that they raised, Ex. 99, 301;

hof on lilucle stef ne = lifted up
loud voices, Ex. 574 ; hebbanne
= naebbanne (?), D. 321 = to
reckon.

Hebrews, plu., see Ebre'as.

hedan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to guard, heed, take possession
of, Ex. 583.

heht, see hatan.

heh-]>egn, -es, st. m., chief attend-
ant, superior thane (servant),
angel, D. 443.

hell, -e, st. f., hergas on helle =
hosts in hell, Ex. 46.

helm, -es, st. m., defender, cover,
protector (Lord), D. 16.

help, -e, st. f., help, aid, support,
D. 236, 293.

helpan, healp, holpen, st. v., S.
3, M. 1, to help, aid, assist. As
sub., helpendra pa}> — path of
the helping ones (?), Ex. 487.

helpend, -es, st. m., helper, D.
403.

heofon, -es (-e, -an), st. m., and
wk. f., heaven, Ex. 73, 426, D.
154, 330.

he'bfon, -e, st. f. irreg., mourning,
lamentation, Ex. 46.

heofon-be'acen, -es, st. n., heav-
enly sign, token, Ex. 107.

heofon-beorht, adj., heavenly
bright, glorious, D. 341.

heofon-eandel, -es, st. n., heav-
en's candle, a heavenly light,
sun, moon, stars, pillar of fire,
Ex. 115.

heofon-col, -es, st. n., heavenly
coal , heat of the sun. brunc . . .
hatum heofon-colum = brown
from the great sun-heat, Ex. 71.

heofon-cyning, -es, st. m., king
of heaven (God), Ex. 410.

heofene, -an, see heofon.

110

GLOSSARY.

heofon-fugol, -cs, st. m., fowl of

the air, bird of heaven, bird, D.

387.
heofon-heah, adj., heaven-high,

lofty, D. 554.
heofon-rice, -es, st. n., kingdom

of heaven, heaven, Ex. 485, D.

12, 26.
heofon-steorra, -an, wk. m., star

of heaven, star, D. 321, 371.
heofon-torht, adj., heavenly bright,

glorious, Ex. 78.
heofon-tungel, -es, st. m. and n.,

star of heaven, star, sun, D.

501.

hob Id, see healdan.
hebld, -e, st. f., lair, cave, hold.
heolfor, -es, st. n., blood, gore.

holm lieolf re . . . spaw = the sea

spit gore, Ex. 449, 476.
heolster, see heolstor.
heolstor, -es, st. n., hiding-place,

cavern, Ex. 115.
heorran, adv., hence, from now

on, Ex. 287.
heoro-faejun, -es, st. m., fatal

embrace, embrace of death, heo-

ro-faej>mum = with his fatal

grasp, Ex. 504.
heor(o)t, -es, st. m., a hart, D.

574.

heoro-wulf, -es, st. m., army-
wolf, warrior, Ex. 181.
heort, adj., high-minded, judicious.

D. 394.
heorte, -an, wk. f., heart, Ex.

148, D. 491, 570.
heoru-grim, adj., very savage,

fierce, cruel, D. 307.
heran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6;

see herian, D. 206.
here, -es (ges), st. m., army,

band, host, Jroqp(s),Ex. 13, 107,

D. 54.

here-blea>, adj., afraid in the
army, timid, cowardly, Ex. 453.

here-byme, -an, wk. f., a war-
trumpet, Ex. 99.

here-cist, -e, st. f., division of
an army, cohort, Ex. 177. Also
here-cyst.

here-fugol, -es, st. m., army-fowl,
raven, vulture, Ex. 161.

here-pa(e)}>, -es, st. m. and n.,
army-road or path, course, march.
wisde him . . . here-paj> =
pointed out the path of the army,
D. 38.

here-re'af, -es, st. n., spoil, army-
plunder, booty, Ex. 583.

here-str£t, -e, st. f., army-road,
public way, Ex. 284.

here-tyma, -an, wk. m., army-
leader, leader, chief, D. 603.

here->re'at, -es, st. in., band, host,
company, Ex. 122, (Israel), Ex.
574.

here-wisa, -an, wk. m., leader of
an army, here-wisan hynjm =
insult to the chief, Ex. 323.

here-wGp, -es, st. m., army-cry,
lament of an army, here-wopa
maest = the greatest of army-
laments, Ex. 460.

here-w6sa, -an, st. m., army-
leader, warrior, one fierce in
war, D. 629.

hergan, see herian, D. 207.

herige, see here, D. 181.

herian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to praise, honor, glorify, Ex.
575, D. 257. herige = herigen,
D. 377.

her(i)gean, see herian, Ex. 546,
D. 207.

hete, -es, st. m., hate, D. 620.

hot tan. te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to pursue, harass, drive.

GLOSSARY.

Ill

hettend, -es, st. m. (part.), en-
emy, pursuer, Ex. 209, M. 74, 1

(«)•

hicgan, see hycgan.

Hierusalem, -e, f., Jerusalem,
D. 2.

hige, -es, st. m., mind, soul, heart.
nalles hige ge-hyrdon = not at
all did they observe the mind
(will} of, Ex. 307.

hige-craeft, -es, st. m. (-e, st. f.),
mental power, knowledge, wis-
dom, D. 98.

hige->ancol, adj., prudent, wise,
thoughtful, T>. 94.

hiht, -e, st. f. (-es, m.), hope.
langsurane hiht = continual
hope, Ex. 405.

hild, -e, st. f., battle, combat,
fight, war, Ex. 162.

hild, -es, st. m., grace, protection,
favor, on hild godes, Ex. 568.

hilde-calla, -an, wk. m., war-
herald, caller to battle, herald,
Ex. 252.

hllde-spell, -es, st. n., story of
the battle, Ex. 573.

hindaii, adv., behind, from be-
hind, in the rear, Ex. 456.

nine, adv., hence, away. Also
pro., see he.

hirde, -es, st. m., keeper, guar-
dian, lord, D. 199.

hlaford, -es, st. m., a lord, D. 675.

hleahtor, -es, st. m., noise, laugh-
ter, rejoicing.

hleahtor-smij>, -es, st.m., laugh-
ter-smith (producer*), causer of
laughter, Ex. 43. laugher.

hlenca, -an, wk. m. (-e, -an, f.),
link, coat of mail, chain, corse-
let, Ex. 218.

hl«fo (w) , -es, st. m. , shade, shelter,
protection, Ex. 79, D. 587, 691.

hlebj»or, -es, st. n., sound, voice,
song, oracle, joy, Ex. 417, D. 178.

hle'b>or-cwide, see hle/b>or-
cwyde.

hle'b>or-cwyde, -es, st. m.,
speech, saying, prophecy, revela-
tion, oracle, D. 155.

hlebj»rian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to speak, sound, exclaim,
resound.

hlifi(g)an, ode (ede),od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to rise up, tower.
hu )>£r hlifedon = how there
towered, Ex. 89, D. 501, 613.

hligan, see hlygan.

hlud, adj., loud, Ex. 99.

hluttor, adj., bright, clear.

hlygan, hlah,hligen, S. 5, M. 2,
to call, call upon, praise, D. 311.

hlyp, -es, st. m., a leap, D. 574.

hlyst, -e, st. f., hearing, attentive
listening, D. 178.

hnigan, hnah, hnigen, st. v.,

5. 5, M. 2, to bow, bend, descend,
fall, incline.

hdf, see hebban.

hogian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6. See hycgan, D. 687.
hold, adj., kind, good, gracious,

dear, loyal, Ex. 19, D. 443.

Hira >e him hold ne wses =

those who were not friendly, D.

16.
holm, -es, st.m., water, sea, deep,

Ex. 284. holm = the deep, Ex.

449.
hoi meg, adj., wet, misty, stormy,

Ex. 118.
holm-weall, -es, st. m., wall of

waves, sea-wall, holm weall a-

st&h-=the sea-wall arose, Ex.

467.
holt, -es, st. n., a grove, wood, D.

574,

112

GLOSSARY.

hord-maegen, -es, st. n., a treas-
ure-house, treasury, D. 675.

hord-weard, -es, st. m., guar-
dian of the treasure, possessor
of wealth, Ex. 35, (Egyptians),
Ex. 611. hord-wearda ge-
strebn, D. 65.

horn, -es, st. m., horn, trumpet,
Ex. 192.

horse, adj., wise, prudent, Ex. 13:

hraefn, -es, st. m., raven, Ex. 162.

hraegl, -es, st. n., garment (s) ,
clothing, armor, D. 437.

hraew, -es, st. m., carcass, corpse,
Ex. 41.

hra}>e, adv., soon, quickly, straight-
way, Ex. 501, D. 242. Comp.
D. 756.

hre'amj-es, st. m., din, noise, up-
roar. hre"am wses on yj>um,
Ex. 449.

hre'aw, see hr£w.

hreddan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to rescue, deliver, D. 671.

hremman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to disquiet, D. 756.

hre'bh-mOd, adj., angry in mind,
enraged, sad, troubled, D. 242.

hre'bp, see hrOpan.

hrepan, see hrdpan.

hre>, adj., rough, wild, savage,
Ex. 316, D. 620.

hrefran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to exult over, rejoice in, Ex.
573.

hre]>er, -es, st. m., mind, heart,
inner thought, breast, Ex. 366,
D. 756.

hre)>er-gle'aw, adj . , wise, prudent,
Ex. 13.

hr6f, -es, st. m., top, (roof), sum-
mit, surface. o)> . . . hrof = up
to the summit of, Ex. 298, D. 239,
407.

hrdpan, hre'bp, hrdpen, st. v.,

S. 1, M. 5, to call, cry out.

hruse, -an, wk. f., a rock, hill.

hryre, -es, st. m.,fall, downfall,
destruction, death, Ex. 35, 511,
D. 671.

hu, adv., how, why, wherefore, Ex.
25, 85, D. 50. = hwi, inst. of
hwaet.

hum, adv., yet, perhaps.

husl-faet, -es, st. n., a vessel for
sacrifice (housel), D. 705.

hu>, -e, st. f., booty, spoil, to
huhe = as booty, D. 65.

hw&, pro. (interr. and rel.),wAo,
what, to hwaes haeg-stealdum
= to the leaders of which, Ex.
192, D. 421 ; indef . = any one,
thing.

hwael, -es, st. m., whale, D. 387.

hwael, -es, st. m., wheel, circle.
on hwael = in a circle, Ex. 161.

hwaet, see hwa.

hwaet, interj., lo ! behold! what!
indeed! Ex. 1, 278, D. 284, M.
263 (2), 377(1) (6), B. 1.

hwae>er, conj. and pro., whether,
which of two, either, each.

hwae]>ere, adv., yet, however, D.
168, 234.

hwearfian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to roll on, advance, ap-
proach, turn, wander. gu>
hwearf ode = war was approach-
ing, Ex. 159.

hwe'bp, see hwOpan.

hweorfan, hwearf, hworfen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to turn, turn one's
self, turn about, change, wander,
(cZfe),D. 203, 271, M. 204 (&).

hweorfon = hwurf on, see hweor-
fan, D. 267.

hwil, -e, st. f., while, interval of
time, space (of time), lytle

GLOSSARY.

113

h wile = for a short time, D. 29,

349, M. 295 (a).
hwilc, pro., (a) rel., which, which

one, who, D. 81; (6) indef.,

some one, some, any, Ex. 438.

Also interrog.

hwile, -an, wk. f., see hwil.
hwilon, adv., at times, often.

Also hwilum, Ex. 170.
hwit, adj., white, Ex. 301.
hwonne, adv. and conj., when,

as long as, until, Ex. 250, 471.

hwonne ser = when first.
hw6pan, hwebp, hwOpen, st. v.,

5. 1, M. 5, to cry out aloud,
threaten, hwebp (Him here-
hreate) = threatened, Ex. 121,
447.

hwurfan, see hweorfan, D. 110,

(partic. inf.).
hwylc, see hwilc.
hwyrfan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to turn, change, be turned,
wander, hwy rf e = hwyrf en , D .
221.

hwyrft, -es, st. ra., way out, out-
let, nahton maran hwyrft —
had no way out, Ex. 210, D. 322.

hycgan, hogode(ade), od, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to think, think of,
meditate, resolve, hope, D. 218,
Ex. 218.

hyge, -es, st. m., see hige, D. 117.

hyge-craeft, see hige-crseft.

hyge->ancol, see hige->aucol.

hyht, see hiht.

hyl(l), see hill, D. 383.

hyld(o), st. f ., grace, favor, D. 293.

hynjm, see hyn>u, M. 100 (a).

hynjm, -e, st. f., disgrace, humili-
ation, injury, Ex. 323.

hyran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to hear, obey, to subject, to heed,
Ex. 410, M. 170, D. 153.

hyrde, -es, st. m., guardian, pro-
tector. waes him hirde (god) =
their protector, D. 11.

hyse, -es, st. m., youth, young
man, boy, D. 217, 231.

hysse, see hyse.

lacob, -es, m., Jacob.

ic, pers. pro., 7, Ex. 98, 269, D.
1, 57; plu., we, Ex. 528; dat.,
(is, Ex. 529.

lean, see yean.

in, prep. w. dat. and ace., in, into,
on, upon, at, during, for, toward,
about. (a) local : in uproder, Ex.
4, 94, 244, 321, D. 2, 95. (6) tem-
poral : in lif-dagum, Ex. 423, D.
103. (c) condition or manner :
in ge-dwolan = in the state of
error, D. 22, 90; in blacum reV
fum, Ex. 212. (cZ) additional
uses : in seht = into his posses-
sion, Ex. 11; in >set rinc-getael
= into, Ex. 234; in ge-hyld =
into his care, Ex. 382.

inca, -an, wk. m., doubt, suspi-
cion, complaint, cause.

inca-)>e/bde — in-ge-be'bde, Ex.
443.

ing=ging (geong), adj., young.
inge-men, Ex. 190. inge —
ginge (geonge). (in-gemen.)

in-ge-folc, -es, st. n., inhabitants,
native or home people, Ex. 142.

in-gere, adv., of old (Bosworth).
See iu-g^re.

in-ge->anc, -es, st. m., inner
thinking, mind, thought, D. 280.

in-ge-Jye'bde, n. plu., tribes, na-
tion, people, Ex. 443.

in-lende, adj., inland, native.
oht in-lende = fear induced by
the natives, Ex. 136.

114

GLOSSAEY.

innan. prep, with gen, and dat.,

also adv. , in, inside, into, within.

Her on innan — therein ; in J>one

ofen innan, D. 238; on innan =

therein, D. 245, 259. Also w.

ace.
inne, adv., inside, into, within,

besides, D. 275.

Joseph, -es, m., Joseph, Ex. 587.
iren, see isen.
is, see wesan or bebn.
Isaac, -es, m., Isaac.
isen, -es, st. n., iron, D. 244.

Also adj.
isern, -es, st. n., iron, sword, D.

502. Also adj., made of iron, iron.
isern-here, -es, st. m.,iron army,

host in iron armor, Ex. 348.

(isern-herigum.)
Israhel, -es, m., Israel, Ex. 198.

(Israhelas).
Judas, -as, irreg., Judah. Judas

for, Ex. 330.

Judeas, -a, m.plu., Jews, D. 708.
Judisc (ludisc), adj., Judaish,

of the tribe of Judah, Ex. 312.
iu, adv., once, of old, formerly,

Ex. 288.

iu-geara, adv., see iu-gere.
iu-gere, adv., of old, formerly,

Ex. 33.

L.

lacan, lee (le'blc), lacen, st. v.,

5. 1, M. 5, to flicker, waver,
spring, contend, lacendelig, D.
476.

lad-si>, see la>-si>.

l&dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to lead, move, conduct, Ex.
54, 77. laeddon = moved, Ex.
194.

l£ne, adj., transient, perishable,
mortal, liable to destruction, Ex..

268. laene dreAam = transient
joy, Ex. 531.

l&rig, -es, st. m., rim or edge of a
shield, of er linde Iserig, Ex. 239.

l£s, adv. and conj., less, lest. J>y
l£s= lest that, Ex. 117.

l£st, -e, st. f., performance, ful-
filment, Ex. 308.

l&staii, te, S. 1, M. 6, to execute,
follow out, continue, (last), Ex.
244.

l(a)etan, let, l£ten, st. v., S. 1,
M. 5, to let, allow, endure, leave.
gif hie metod laete, Ex. 52, D.
56, 722.

laf, -e, st. f., that left, a remnant,
heritage, to lafe = as remnant,
Ex. 508. So D. 80. wsepna
lafe= those spared in battle, D.
14; ealde lafe = the ancient
sword (as a heritage), Ex. 408.

lagu, -e, st. f., law.

lagu(o), st. m. (indec.), sea,
water, Ex. 482.

lagu-lad, -e, st. f., a sea-way,
voyage, journey.

lagn-land, -es, st. n., water-del-
uged land, Ex. 482.

lagu-stre'am, -es, st. m., sea-
stream, sea, ocean, D. 388.
(lago-s.)

land, -es, st. n., land, firm ground,
Ex. 40, D. 303. Also, territory,
dominion, country, Ex. 57, 69.
land Canaanea, Ex. 443; plu.,
Ex. 60 (land).

land-ge-sceaft, -e, st. f., earthly
creature or creation, mortal.
eall land-ge-sceaft, D. 360.

land-man, -es, st. m., landman,
native inhabitant, Ex. 179.

land-riht, -es, st. n., land-right,
landed estate, right to estate, Ex.
354.

GLOSSARY.

115

land-weard, -es, st. m., land-
warden, guardian of the shore.

lang, adj., long, lasting. Comp.
lengran, Ex. 531 ; langne siK
D. 68. Sup. lengest, Ex. 423,
D. 573.

lange, adv., long, a long time,
Ex. 138. Comp. leng, Ex. 206,
D. 430.

langsum, adj., long, lasting, Ex.
6, 405.

langung, -e, st. f., longing, de-
sire, D. 29.

lar, -e, st. f., teaching, counsel,
(lore}, exhortation, command,
Ex. 268, 307. witgan larum =
at the command or by the in-
struction of the prophet, Ex. 390,
D. 25; lare = an adv., wisely,
D. 661.

last, -es, st. m., trace, trail, foot-
step, on last=: on the track of,
Ex. 167, 337.

last-weard, -es, st. m., pursuer,
persecutor, successor, heir, Ex.
138, (Pharaoh). >one last
(Isaac), Ex. 400.

lat->e/bw, -es, st. m., guide, lead-
er, Ex. 104.

ia>, adj., hateful, hostile, Ex. 40,
57. As noun=/oe, Ex. 195,
461.

la}>, -es, st. n., evil, suffering, in-
jury, sin, D. 263, 430.

la>-searo(w) , -es, st. n., intrigue,
cunning, hateful device, D. 436.

la>-si>, -es, st. m., dire or hateful
journey, Ex. 44. (lad-si>.)

le'an, -es, st. n., recompense, retri-
bution, (loan}, Ex. 315. de'bp
le"an=a heavy retribution, Ex.
506.

le'as, adj., loose, free, bare, bereft,
P. 283, 302.

leng, see lange, D. 430, M. 124.
lengan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to prolong, put off, reach, D.
646.

le'bd, -es, st. m., prince, leader,
ruler, Ex. 277, D. 618.

le'bd, -e, st. f., folk, people; in
plu., men, people, Ex. 44, 152.
le'bde tfne (Israel), Ex. 444, D.
25.

le'bd-fruma, -an, wk. m., prince
of the people, ruler, Ex. 354.

le'bd-hata, -an, wk. m., people-
hater, tyrant, despot, Ex. 40.

le'bd-maegen, -es, st. n., might of
the people , host , multitude . lebd-
maegne f or-stod = stood in the
way of the host, Ex. 128, 167.

le'bd-scearu, -e, st. f., tribe, peo-
ple, nation, Ex. 337.

le'bd-scipe, -es, st. m., people,
nation, tribe, in le'bd-scipe =
among the people, Ex. 244.

le'bd-weard, -es, st. m., guardian-
ship of the people, government,
territory. le~od-weard = terri-*
tory, Ex. 57.

le'bd-weras, st. m. plu., men, hu-
man beings, Ex. 110.

le'bd-werod, -es, st. n., host, na-
tion, laedde le'bd-werod, Ex.
77.

le'bf, adj., dear, beloved, valued.
lebf gode =• dear to God, Ex.
12 ; f olca lebf ost = dearest of,
Ex. 279; as noun, Ex. 308, D.
249; comp. le'bfran — too dear,
Ex. 409; le^ofost, sup. (Isaac),
Ex. 384, (Israel), D. 37.

le'bfan, le'af, lofen, st. v., S. 7,
M. 3, to love, enjoy, choose, pre-
fer, D. 56.

le'ogan, leag(h), logen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to lie, betray, de-

116

GLOSSARY.

ceive. nales me sefa lebge)>, D.

416.
leoht, -es, st. n., light, leoht and

lif, Ex. 545; also adj., light,

clear, bright, flashing, Ex. 90;

also adv., brightly, Ex. 251, I).

643.
leoht-fruma, -an, wk. m. , creator,

prince of light, D. 409.
lebma, -an, wk. m., light, beam

or ray of light, Ex. 112, D. 343.
leo, -on, wk. m. and f., lion,

lioness.
leon, -es, st. m., lion, gyldenne

leon (as a standard or ensign),

Ex. 321.
leornian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to learn, meditate on,
• think out. leornedon= leorne

den, D. 83.
le'bjj, -es, st. n., a lay, song, poem,

Ex. 308.
let, see l£tan.
libban, lifde, wk. v. irreg., M.

6, to live, D. 107, (of Abraham),

Ex. 383.

lie, -es, st. n., body, D. 343, 436.
licgan, laeg, legen, st. v., S. 5,

M. I, to lie, be situated, Ex. 457,

588. (lagon.)

lic-wund, -e, st. f., wound, body-
wound, lic-wunde spor = the

trace of a wound, Ex. 239.
lif, -es, st. n., life, Ex. 5, 104, D.

300. life gefegon = ^e# en-
joyed life, Ex. 569, D. 608.
lif-dseg, -es, st. m., day of life.

in lif-dagum = in his lifetime,

Ex. 423.
lif-frea, -an, wk. m., lord of life,

Ex. 271, D. 396.
lif-fruma, -an, wk. m., author of

life, life-giver, 643.
lifg(e)an, see lifigan.

lifi(g)an, leofode, od, wk. v.

irreg., M. 6, to live, exist, con-

tinue, D. 1, 326.
lifigend, adj. (part.), living, Ex.

264, 324. As noun, Ex. 6, 277,

D. 573.
lif-weg, -es, st. m., life-path, way

of life, Ex. 104.
lift-weg, -es, st. m., air-icay, Ex.

lif-wela, -an, wk. m., life-weal,

wealth, good things of life, pros-

perity, heavenly life, D. 56.
Mg(g)» -es> st- m- and n., flame,

fire, Ex. 110, D. 228.
lige, -es, st. m., lie. (lyge.)
liget, -es, st. n. (-e, f.), flash,

lightning-flash, flame, D. 380.
lige- word, see lyge- word.
lig-fyr, -es, st. n., flame of fire,

fire, (sun), Ex. 77.
lignian, see lygnian.
lihtan, see lyhtan.
li in pa n. lamp, lumpen, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to befall, happen,

succeed.
lind, -e, st. f., linden, shield, lin-

den-shield, Ex. 239.
linde, -an, wk. f., see lind.
linnan, laii, lunnen, st. v., S. 3,

M. 1, to depart, leave, be deprived

of, yield, desist, cease, sawlnm

lunnon = lost their lives, Ex. 496.
liss, -e, st. f., favor, grace, kind-

ness. lissa bidde = pray for

favor(s), Ex. 271, 545.
list, -e, also -es, st. f. and m.,

wisdom, art, skill, deceit, listum

= deceitfully.

litel, see lytel. litel faec, D. 682.
lixan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to flash, shine, glitter, e'bfed

lixan = the host glittering, Ex.

157, lixton, Ex. 125.

GLOSSARY.

117

loc(c), -es, st. m., lock of hair.

fyrene loccas, Ex. 120.
loca, -an, wk. m., lock, bolt, cap-
tivity.
lOcian, ode, od, \vk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to look, see, behold. locia)?,

Ex. 278.
lof, -es, st. m. and n., praise, D.

476.
lofl(g)an, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to praise, exalt, celebrate,

D. 373, 380. lofige = lofigen,

D. 373, 380.

liifan = lufon, see le'bfan, D. 56.
lufe, -an, wk. f., love, 1). 21.
lufen, -e, st. f., love, of er ealle

luf en — contrary to all love, D. 73.
lufian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to love, exhibit love, D. 391.
lust, -es, st. m., pleasure, delight,

longing, desire, Ex. 53, D. 249.
lybban, lifde, wk. v. (irreg.), M.

6. Seelibban.
lyfan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to believe.
lyfan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to allow, grant.

lyfode = leofode, see lifi(g)an.
lyft, -e (-es), st. m. and f., air,

Ex. 74. lyft up ge-swearc = the

air above grew dark, Ex. 461,

476, D. 380.
lyft, -es, st. n., promise, gift, grant.

lyft \\ynn&= grant of joys, Ex.

531.
lyft-edor, -es, st. m., air-region,

sky, Ex. 251.
lyft-helm, -es, st. m., air-helm,

cloud, mist, lyft-helme be^eaht

= covered with a cloud, Ex. 60.
lyft-lacend, part, adj., sporting in

the air, flying, D. 388.
lyft-wundor, -es, st. m., air-won-
der, meteor, Ex. 90.

lyge-word, -es, st. n., a falsehood,

lying word, D. 720.
lygnian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to deny, D. 764.
lyhtan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to

flash, lighten, shine, D. 158.
lyst, -e, st. f., desire, love. See

lust,
lyt, adv., little. As noun, woruld-

dre~ama lyt = few world-joys

(joys}, Ex. 42.
lytel, adj., little, short, lytle

hwile = but a short time, D. 29.

M.

ma, see micel, more, larger, D.
264.

inadm, see ma]?m.

maecg, -es, st. m., see maecga.

maecga, -an, wk m., man, D. 265.

m&g, -es, st. m., kinsman, relation
by blood, son, D. 523. his maga
f eorh = the lives of his kinsmen,
Ex. 17 ; magum, Ex. 52.

m&g-burh, (g)e, st. f., family,
race, tribe, people, genealogy, na-
tion, Ex. 55, 352, 360.

maegen, -es, st. n., force, might,
bodily strength, virtue, host, army,
Ex. 131, 242, 245. Jrnrh raetodes
maegen, D. 4 ; modigra maegen
= host of, Ex. 101. So Ex. 210,
226, 300, 346, D. 7.

msegen-hsep, adj. as noun, vigor-
ous, powerful.

maegen-he'ap, see maegen-haep.
to bam maegen-helipum, Ex. 197.

maegen-rOf, adj., mighty, power-
ful, Ex. 275.

maegen-scipe, -es, st. n., power,
rule, supremacy, D. 20.

maegen-J>re/at, -es, st. m., mighty
host, great army, maegen-bre'a-
tas (the Egyptians), Ex. 512;

118

GLOSSAEY.

maegen-hre^at msere (the Baby-
lonians), D. 45.

mgegen-)>rym, -es, st. m., vigor,
strength, mighty force, valor, Ex.
349. maegen-^rymma mzest =
the greatest of mighty powers,
Ex. 540.

msegen-wisa, -an, \vk. m., a lead-
er of forces, general, mighty
leader, Ex. 553.

maeg-wine, -es, st. m., blood-
friend, kinsman, friend, Ex.
146. for his mseg-wmum, Ex.
314.

m£l, -es, st. n., a meal, portion,
D. 575.

intMaii, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to speak, talk.

in {el dan, see mtMaii.

m£l-mete, -es, st. m., food.

maeni(g)eo, see menigeo, D. 5.

m£re, adj., well known, cele-
brated, famous, clear, bright.
daeg nses msere (clear), Ex. 47;
msere (famous) mago-rseswa,
Ex. 102.' So Ex. 349, D. 45, 105,
285. msest and m£rost = great-
est and most famous, Ex. 395.

maere-torht, adj., bright, shining,
Ex. 346.

imi'st, see micel.

maest-rap, -es, st. m., mast-rope,
halyards, Ex. 82.

maet, see metan.

m&tan, te, ed (od), wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to dream, D. 119.

m£te, adj., moderate, small, D.
635.

mae>el, see me)>el.

mae>el-stede, see me>el-stede.

meeting, -e, st. f ., dream, D. 141.

maga, -an, wk. m., sow, young
man. magan (Isaac), Ex. 397,
413.

magan, pret. pres. meahte
(mihte), may, can, to be able.
ne . . . gese'bn meahton — might
not see, Ex. 83, 114, 189; subj.
(msege), Ex. 439; pret. subj.
meahte, D. 50; mihte, maege =
may prevail,.!). 523.

mago-r£swa, -an, wk. m., leader
of men, leader, Ex. 17, 55, 102.
(magu-.)

man(n), -es, st. m. irreg., man,
person, human being, Ex. 82,
190, D. 136; indef. )>onne men
cunnon, Ex. 373. So Ex. 395,
549.

man, -es, st. n., sin, badness, in-
justice, crime, D. 184.

man, adj., mean, bad, false, sin-
ful, criminal, mamim trebwum
(with false faith'), Ex. 149(?),
334.

man-bealu(o), -wes, st. n., crime,
cruelty, hateful deed, evil deed,
D. 45.

man-cyn, -es, st. n., mankind,
men, D. 36, 635, 659.

man-dre'am, -es, st. m., revelry,
human joy, joy, D. 571.

man-drihten, -es, st. m., lord of
men, prince, lord, D. 157, 637.

man-dryhten, see man-drihten.

man-bus, -es, st. n., house of evil,
abode of the wicked, man-hus
faest under foldan (hell), Ex.
535.

manig, adj. and noun, many,
many a one, Ex. 255, 488, etc.,
D. 285. (monig.)

man-lica, -an, wk. m., man-like-
ness, statue, effigy, D. 174.

man-sc(e)a>a, -an, wk. m., rob-
ber, sinner, wretch, malicious
foe, Ex. 37.

mara, see micel, D. 492.

GLOSSARY.

119

ma>m, -es, st. m., gift, jewel, treas-
ure, Ex. 143. ealde mabmas =
the old treasures, Ex. 585.

ma>m-hord, -es, st. n., treasure-
hoard, treasure, mabm-horda
(contents of the ark} m£st, Ex.
368.

inajmm-hord, see ma>m-hord.

me, see ic.

me'agol-lice, adv., powerfully, with
strength, emphasis, wile msegol-
lice . . . taecan = will powerfully
instruct, Ex. 527.

meaht, see miht.

meahte, see magan.

meahtig, see mihtig.

mearc, -e, st. f ., mark, district, do-
main, province, boundary, be'bd
meare tredan, Ex. 158.

mearc-hof, -es, st. n., place,
court, court-enclosure, limit, Ex.
61.

mearc-land, -es, st. n., border-
land, (march-land), Ex. 67.

mearc-lond, see mearc-land.

mearc->re'at, -es, st. m., border-
host, army, frontier army, Ex.
173.

mearc-weard, -es, st. m., border
(marcli) -warden, forest-guard,
ivolf. hre'bpon mearc-weardas,
Ex. 168.

mear(h)g, -es, st. m., horse.
meara bogum, Ex. 171.

mece, -es, st. m., sword, dagger.
mid mece, Ex. 413, 494.

Medas, -a, plu., Medes, D. 681,
688.

medu-gal, adj., mad with mead,
joyous, D. 703.

meld, -e, st. f., proof, announce-
ment, information, D. 648.

meldan, see mseldan, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to speak, announce.

meltan, mealt, molten, st. v., S.

3, M. 1, to melt, dissolve, Ex.
484.

meni(e)o, see men(l)geo.

men(l)geo, st. f. indec., many,
multitude, host, people, Ex. 48,
334. Other forms exist, as
mengu (go, geo), menigo (ego),
maenigo (ego, igeo, egeo), ma-
negu, etc., D. 122, 145.

meodu-gal, see medu-gal.

meoring, -e, st. f., obstacle, hin-
drance, danger, fela meoringa
= with many dangers, Ex. 62.

me(o)tud, -es, st. m., see metod.

me'bwle, -an, wk. f., maid, girl.
Afrisc me'bwle, Ex. 579.

mere, see m£re.

mere, -es, st. m., body of water,
sea, ocean, Ex. 300. mere mod-
gode = the sea raged, Ex. 458.

mere-de'a)*, -es, st. m., death in
the sea, drowning, Ex. 464, 512.

mere-fldd, -es, st. m., sea-Jlood,
ocean, Ex. 503.

mere-hwearf, -es, st. m., sea-
shore, shore, Ex. 516.

mere-stre'am, -es, st. m., sea-
stream, current, waves, Ex. 210,
468, D. 503. mere-stre~ames
mod — the violence of the waves,
Ex. 488.

mere-tor (r), -es, st. m., sea-tower,
tower, heap of waves, Ex. 484.

mersc, -es, st. m., marsh, swamp.
of er sealtne mersc, Ex. 333.

metan, inset, meten, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to measure, mete, mark off,
traverse, Ex. 92, 171, D. 575.

mete->egn, -es, st. m., meat-thane,
steward, Ex. 131.

met(e)gian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to consider, meditate upon,
D.

120

GLOSSAKY.

met(g)ian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to control, guide, moder-
ate.

metian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to measure, appoint, D. 119 (?).

me tod = msetod (dreamed), D.
119 ; see m£tan.

metod, -es, st. m., a disposer,
(God), ordainer, fate. sob me-
tod, Ex. 478; metod al-wihta —
lord of all, D. 14, 56; metode
ge-corene = chosen of God, D.
93.

me>el, -es, st. n., speech, counsel,
discourse, Ex. 255, D. 470.

me>el-stede, -es, st. m., place of
meeting, counsel, Ex. 397, 542,
D. 145.

micel, adj., large, great. Comp.
mara (ma) ; sup. m&st, Ex. 34,
67, 395; comp. Ex. 210. As
adv., much, very. With comp.
and sup. — by far, by much.

mic(e)les, adv., much, Ex. 143;
see micel. Also, miclum.

mid, prep, with dat. and ace.,
with, together with, among, in,
Ex. 56, 66, 206, 363, 501, D. 10.
mid >am *htum = in possession
of, D. 67 ; mid ab-sware = along
with, Ex. 558. Also, instrumen-
tal, with, by means of, by, through,
Ex. 9, 86, 265, 275, 407, 415, 419,
457, 485. mid weorcum, D. 44 ;
mid >y = thereby, Ex. 21. As
adv., at the same time.

mid(d), adj., mid, midway, in the
middle of. set middere niht,
Ex. 37; middum nihtum, Ex.
168.

middan-(g)eard, -es, st. m., mid-
earth, earth, Ex. 2, 48, 286, D.
503. ofer middan-geard = on
earth, Ex. 540.

miht, -e, st. f., might, power,
strength, Ex. 9, D. 169, 284.
mihtum swi>ed = strengthened
in might, Ex. 589.

mihte, see magan.

mihtig, adj., mighty, powerful, Ex.
152, 205, D. 235. se mihtiga =
the mighty one, Ex. 484 ; comp.
mihtigra, Ex. 503.

iiiiht-mOd, -es, st. n., strong mind,
violent temper, Ex. 149.

milde, adj., gentle, kind, mild,
friendly. Sup. mildost, Ex. 549.
As adv.

milds, see milts.

mil-pa (e)J>, -es, st. m., mile-path,
path, distance by miles, Ex. 171.

milts, -e, st. f ., kindness, mildness,
favor, mercy, sympathy, Ex. 292,
D. 311, 335.

min, poss. adj. pro., mine, my, Ex.
262, D. 484. mine ge-fraege =
as / have learned (by my hear-
ing"), Ex. 368.

in in si an, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to decrease, diminish, D. 268.

mire, -es, st. n., darkness, disaster,
D. 448.

Misa(h)el, m., Mishael, D. 92.

mis-micel, adj., of many sizes, dif-
ferent sizes, varying size, Ex.
373.

missere, -es, st. n., half-year, sea-
sons, Ex. 49.

m6d, -es, st. n., spirit t soul, heart,
mind, courage, violence, Ex 154,
527, D. 98; courage, Ex. 98,
226, 245. mod (courage) and
mihte, D. 14 ; violence, Ex. 488.

mOd-ge->anc, -es, st. m. and n.,
mood-thought, thought, mind, D.
137, M. 321.

mOdgian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to rage, be excited, brave,

GLOSSARY.

121

bold, Ex. 331, 458. Also mod-
gade.

mOd-liu'p, adj., see m6d-heap.

mOd-heap, -es, st. m., adj., brave,
courageous, rich in valor, Ex.
242. (mod-hasp.)

m6d-hwa(e)t, adj., bold, valiant,
energetic, Ex. 124, D. 357.

mOdig, adj., bold, brave, spirited,
furious, Ex. 17, 131, D. 105. As
noun, modiges me}>el= the speech
of the brave one, Ex. 255. So
Ex. 101, 300, modige, (Egyp-
tians)* Ex. 464, (Israel) Ex. 479 ;
modig cyn (Israel), D. 7; furi-
ous, Ex. 468.

m6dor, -ur, st. f., mother, Ex.
371. (moder.)

mOd-sefa, -an, wk. m., mind-
thought, mind, D. 492.

m6d-w&g, -es, st. m., mighty, vio-
lent icave, Ex. 499.

molde, -an, wk. f ., earth, soil, D.
567.

iiiOna. -an, wk. m., moon, D. 370.

monig, see manig.

m6r, -es, st. m., a moor, heath, D.
575.

morgen, -es, st. m., morn, morn-
ing, forenoon, Ex. 98, 346.

m6r-heald, adj., marshy, sur-
rounded by moors, Ex. 61.

mor>or, -es, st. m., punishment
by death, torment, pain, sin,
murder, Ex. 146, D. 452.

mCste, see motan.

motan, pret. pres., mdste, to be
able to, to be permitted to, must.
gamele ne moston, Ex. 240;
leng ne moton = may not be able
longer, Ex. 264; secgan moste
= might tell, D. 85.

Moyses, -es, st. m., Moses, Ex
61, 101, D. 4.

murnan, mearn, mornen, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to mourn, grieve, la-
ment, Ex. 535.

mu>-h£l, -es, st. n., mouth-greet-
ing, announcement of safety,
word of cheer, modiges mub-
hsel = the cheering announce-
ment of the brave one (Moses),
Ex. 552.

inycel, see micel.

myceles, adv., much.

mynd(g)ian, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to remind, recall, be
mindful of, D. 144.

myrc, see mire.

myrce, see mearc.

N.

, adv. (ne, a), not, B. 697.
Naboc(h)odonossor, m., Nebu-
chadnezzar, D. 48, 72.
nacod, see nacud. nacod nyd-

boda, Ex. 474, D. 633.
nacud, adj., naked (fig.).
n£gan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to approach, assail, attack, wor-

dum naegde = addressed, Ex. 23.
n&nig (ne and &nig), pro., none,

D. 437.

n&ron = ne wseron, D. 136, 205.
nses = ne wses, D. 117, 128, 264.
nagan, pret. pres. (ne, agan),

nahte, not to own, not to have,

lack, Ex. 210.
nahte, see nagan, D. 454.
na(l)les (ne, eal(l)es), adv., not

at all, by no means, Ex. 307, D.

85, 416.
iiaiua, -an, wk. m., name, Ex. 27.

(Abrahame) naman, Ex. 381, D.

285.
ne, adv. neg. particle, not, Ex. 28,

114, 140, D. 16, 58. ne...ne =

122

GLOSSARY.

neither . . . nor, Ex. 82, 88,235, 238.
ne . . . wiste ne wsede = neither
of food nor clothing, D. 103.

neadan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to force, compel, D. 233. (ny-
dan.)

ne(a)h, adj. and adv. (prep.),
comp. near(ra) (nyra), sup.
neahst(nyhst) (nehst), near,
nigh, Ex. 250, 381. As adv.,
enough, sufficiently, neah ne
mihton = might not sufficiently,
Ex. 114.

ncaht, see niht.

near, see neah.

nearwe, adv., narrowly, closely,
Ex. 68.

ne'at, -es, st. n., cattle, beast of
burden, D. 390.

nellan, see nillan.

nennan, de, ed, wk.v., S. 1, M. 6,
to name, call, Ex. 518.

nem>e, see nym>e.

ne'bd, -e, st. f., effort, zeal, desire,
D. 424.

ne'bsan, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to seek, seek out, visit, ap-
proach, ne'bsan come = should
come to visit, Ex. 474.

iiebsian, see ne'bsan.

neow(o)l, adj., deep, profound,
Ex. 114.

nep, -es, st. n., neap-tide(t) . (f or>-
ganges) nep= haste of (Grein),
Ex. 469.

nere, -es, st. m., refuge, safety,
preservation.

nergend, -es, st. m., saviour, pre-
server, God, D. 313. 375.

neriend, see nergend.

nerl(g)an, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to save, defend, preserve,
heal, redeem, D. 241, 285. feorh
nerigende, 355.

net(t), -es, st. n., net, Ex. 74.

med, see n$d.

nigo>a, num. adj., ninth, Ex. 378.

niht, -e, (-es), st. f. (m.), night,
Ex. 37. ymb twa niht = after
two nights, Ex. 63, 97, 168.

niht-lang, adj., night-long, last-
ing during the night, Ex. 208.

niht-scu(w)a, -an, wk. m., night-
shadow, Ex. 114.

niht-weard, -es, st. m., night-
guard, watchman, Ex. 116.

nillan, (ne willan), nolde, pret.
pres., to be unwilling, D. 189,
197.

niinan, nain, numen, st. v., S. 4,
M. 1, to take, assume, accept, oc-
cupy, seize.

nis = ne and is, is not, D. 429, 566.

ni)>, -es, st. m., creature, person,
human being. Used in plu., D.
285. ni]?a nergend, D. 313.

ni>, -es, st. m., effort, violence,
strife, hate, env$, D. 465, 619,
697.

nij»er, adv., below, (nether.)

niJ»-ge-J>afa, -an, wk. m., a victim,
D. 633.

ni>-hete, -es, st. m., fierce hate,
hate, D. 48, 279.

ni>-wracu, -e, st. f., punishment,
fortune, death penalty, D. 664.

niwe, adj., new, novel, Ex. 116,
381. niwe flodas = strange
floods, Ex. 362, B. 784. Also
adv., newly.

nO, adv., never, not, by no means,
Ex. 399, D. 20.

Noe, -es, st. m., Noah, Ex. 362.

nor]>an, adv., from the north, D.
52, M. 255 (6).

nor>-weg, -es, st. m., north-way,
northward. on norj>-wegas =
along the north-ways, Ex. 68.

GLOSSARY.

123

nu, adv., now, Ex. 278, 557, D. 141 ;
conj., since, as, seeing that, Ex.
295, 420, 530.

nyd, -e, st. f ., need, necessity, force.
As adv., necessarily, Ex. 116.
on nyd = by necessity, D. 72 ;
mid nyde, D. 493.

nyd-boda, -an, wk. m., messenger
of ill, bringer of evil, evil har-
binger, Ex. 474.

uydan, see neadan.

nyd-fara, -an, wk. m., need-trav-
eller, fugitive, Ex. 208.

nyd-genga, -an, wk. m., an exile,
wanderer in need, D. 633.

nyllan (ne willan), nolde, pret.
pres., see nillan.

nym>e, conj., if not, except, unless,
Ex. 124. nym^e hwylc = unless
(there be) some one, Ex. 438.

ny>or, see ni>er, D. 493.

O.

0, adv., ever, at any time, Ex. 119.

of, prep. w. dat., from, out of, off
from, (a) place whence: Ex.
170, 269, D. 154, 236, 336. (6)
condition out of which: of
fe~onda fse)>me, Ex. 294, 570.
(c) material : of golde, D. 175.
As adv., off, away.

ofen, -es, st. m., oven, D. 225, 243.

ofer, prep. w. dat. and ace. over,
above, (a) local: ofer wolc-
num = above the clouds, Ex. 80 ;
so Ex. 110, 112, 117, 163, etc.
(6) after verbs of motion : ofer
middan-geard, Ex. 2; so Ex.
48, 239, D. 105, 179, 409; ofer
eorj>an = throughout the earth,
Ex. 403. (c) ofer ealle luf en =
beyond (contrary to) all love, T>.
73. (d) ofer here-ciste = to,

concerning, Ex. 257, D. 759. (e)
ofer cyne-ricu = rule over, do-
minion, Ex. 318.
ofer-br£ddan, de, ed, wk. v., S.

1, M. 6, to cover, spread over, Ex.
73.

ofer-climban, clam(b), clum-

(b)en, st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to climb

over, pass beyond.
ofer-c6m, see ofer-cuman.
ofer-cuman, cOni, cumen, st. V.,

S. 4, M. 1, to overcome, attack,

conquer, Ex. 21.
ofer-fae]>mian, ede, ed, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to encompass, over-
shadow, T>. 502.

ofer-faran, f6r, farcn, st. v., S.
2, M. 4, to go over or across, to
wander through or over, Ex. 56,
D. 463.

ofer-f&r, see ofer-faran.

ofer-gangan, geng, gangen, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to overcome, con-
quer, ge . . . f orj> ofer-ganga}>
= ye shall henceforth overcome,
Ex. 561.

ofer-gengan, gengde, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to pass over or through.

ofer-hogian, ode(ede), od, wk.
v., S. 2, M. 6, to contemn, despise,
renounce, D. 300.

ofer-holt, -es, st. n., over-wood,
shield, cover, Ex. 157.

ofer-hycgan, see ofer-hogian.

ofer-hydig, see ofer-hygd.

ofer-hy(g)d, -es, st. n., over-
mindedness, pride, D. 107, 298,
495, etc.

ofer-li>an, la>, liden, st. v., S. 6,
M. 2, to sail over, go or pass
over, flodas . . . ofer-laK Ex.
362.

ofer-medla, -an, wk. m., pride,
haughtiness, D. 657,

124

GLOSSARY.

ofer-te.dan, teald, tolden, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to cover, protect, screen,
envelop, segle ofer-tolden, Ex.
81.

ofer-tolden, see ofer-teldan.

6f (e)st, -e, st. f ., haste, speed, of est
is selost— haste is best (icisest'),
Ex. 293; on ofste — in haste,
Ex. 223.

6f(e)stum, adv., quickly, rapidly,
forthwith, Ex. 282, D. 257, M.
251 (1).

oft, adv., oft, often, D. 15.

6ht, -e, st. f ., persecution, fear, op-
pression, anxiety, oht in-lende
(domestic fear), Ex. 136.

6ht, see 0-wiht.

6ht-nied, -e, st. f., persecution,
oppression, disquietude, Ex. 139.

on, see unnan.

on, prep., w. dat., inst., and ace.,
on, upon, in, at, to, into, toward,
besides, among, (a) local : Ex.
8, 67, 123, 153; on cor}>re = at
the head of, Ex. 191, 192, 209,
227, 302 ; on ore = at the front,
Ex. 316, 365, 393, 440, 465, D. 47 ;
on = in, on helle, Ex. 46, 200,
355, 366, 519, D. 84, 108, 110 ; on
us = to us, D. 327 ; on Moyses
hand = into, D. 4 ; with ace.,
Ex. 59, 68, 135, 161, 167, D. 39,
69. (6) temporal: in, at, dur-
ing, on, for; on ham fyrste —
at the time, Ex. 98, 189, 216, 521,
D. 35, 277, 348. (c) state or
condition : in, on, according to ;
on salum = iw joy, Ex. 106, 165,
176, 213, 223, D. 124, 344; on
riht = according to right, Ex.
586 ; on nyd = of necessity, D. 72.
(d) causal : to, for ; on f orb-
wegas —for the journey, Ex. 32,
129, 186, 199 ; on = adv., Ex. 490,

on-beornan, see on-byrnan.
on-brinnan, bran, brunnen, st.

v., S. 3, M. 1, to kindle, catch

fire, Ex. 398.
on-bugan, be'ah, bogen, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to turn in, upon, invade,

overwhelm, Ex. 498.
on-byrnan, barn, bornen, st. v.,

5. 3, M. 1, to inflame, kindle.
on-cwe>an, cwae>, cweden, st.

v., S. 5, M. 1, to address, accost,
answer. on-cwae}>, D. 211.
on-cyrran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to make to turn, to turn, turn
around, Ex. 451.

on-dr£dan, dred, dreden, st. v.,

5. 1, M. 5, to dread, fear, ne
willaj> . . . on-drsedan =fear not,
Ex. 266, M. 440.

on-egan, de, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to

fear, D. 697.
on-ettan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to hasten, eagerly to begin
work.

on-findan, fand, funden, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to find out, discover,

Ex. 501 .
on-f6n, feng, fangen, st. v., S. 1.

M. 5, to receive, accept, take,

hear, perceive, D. 166, 562, 583.
on-gangan, geng, gangen, st. v.,

S. 1, M. 5, to approach, Ex. 156,

participial use of infinitive.
on-ge(a)n, prep, and adv., over

against, opposite, him on-gen,

Ex. 454; other forms, on-

geg(e)n, on-gan.
on-geat, see on-gitan.
on-gildan, geald, golden, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to pay, expiate, atone

for, D. 598.
on-ginnan, gan, gunnen, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to begin, commence,

Ex, 584, D, 49, 468.

GLOSSARY.

125

on-gitan, geat, giten, st. v., S. 5, |

M. 1, to apprehend, perceive,

know, Ex. 90, 452, D. 460.
on-h£tan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to heat, inflame, kindle, D. 225,

243.
on-hicgan, hogode, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to consider, reflect, recall,

D. 473.
on-hnigan, hnah, hnigen, st. v.,

S. 6, M. 2, to bow down, worship,

D. 181.
on-hreran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,

M. 6, to move, agitate, disturb,

excite, Ex. 226, 482.
on-hweorfan, hwearf, hworfen,

st. v., S. 3, M. 1, to turn, change,

D. 570, 627.

on-hwyrfan, see on-hweorfan.
on-liedan, see an-l£dan.
on-lang, adj., continuous, ex-
tended, long, Ex. 53.
on-lihan, lah, ligen (lihen),

st. v., S. 6, M. 2, to give, bestow,

lend, Ex. 529, D. 681.
on-lihtan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to lighten, illumine, flash

forth.
on-lucan, le'ac, locen, st. v., S. 7,

M. 3, to unlock, unfasten, lay

open, Ex. 522.
on-lyhan, see on-lihan.
on-m£l(d)an, de, ed, wk. v., S.

1, M. 6, to address, accost, an-
nounce, D. 210.
on-orettan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to contend for, conquer, eagerly

pursue, Ex. 313.
on-riht, adj., lawful, proper, true,

(partaking of}, on-riht godes,

Ex. 358.
on-sacan, s6c, sacen, st. v., S. 2,

M. 4, to deny, oppose, refuse,

contest, D. 226, 451.

on-s£lan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to unbind, loosen, Ex. 583.
on-seah, see on-se'bn.
on-segon = on-sawon, Ex. 178 ;

see on-se'bn.

on-sendan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to send, send away, des-
patch, D. 75.

on-sebn, seah, sewen, st. v., S. 5,
M. 1, to look upon, at, gaze
upon, observe, Ex. 178.

on-slupan, sle'ap, slopen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to escape, slip off, Ex.
490(?).

on-stellan, stealde, steald, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to put in place, de-
vise.

on-swellan, sweal, swollen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to swell, swell up,
D. 247. =on stellan (B. and
T.).

on-tre'bwan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to trust, confide in, D. 269.
Other forms, on-truwan, try-
wan.

on-J>e/bn, J>e/ah, ]>ogen, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to undertake, engage in.
hilde on->e~on = engage in battle,
Ex. 241.

on-}>rang, see on-J>ringan.
on-J>ringan, }>rang, ]>rungen, st.

v., S. 3, M. 1, to press on, for-
ward, through, Ex. 343.
on-wacan, w6c, wacen, st. v., S.

2, M. 4, to awake, arise, D. 524.
on-wadan, see an-wadan.
on-wist, -e, st. f ., abode, presence

at or in a place, Ex. 18.
open, adj., open, open . . . scrsef

(hell), Ex. 537.
or, -es, st. n., van, van-guard, front

rank, Ex. 326.
ord, -es, st. n., point, sword-point,

sword, beginning, van, head.

126

GLOSSARY.

ord-fruma, -an, wk. m., author,
creator, sovereign (God}, D. 152.

orettan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to
contend, fight for, eagerly strive,
Ex. 313. (on-orettan.)

or-lseg, -es, st. n., ancient law,
fate, D. 746.

or-leg, -es, st. n., destruction, evil.

or-lege, -es, st. n., strife, lawless-
ness, war.

or-lege, adj., hostile, fierce; as
noun, D. 697.

or-J?ancum, adv., skilfully, Ex.
359.

or-tre'bwe, see or-tr$we.

or-tr^we, adj., mistrustful, dis-
trustful, despondent, Ex. 154, M.
254 (1).

or-wena, adj., hopeless, despairing,
despondent, Ex. 211.

6tor, adv. and prep., over, beyond,
beside, apart from, D. 73.

6>, prep. w. ace., to, up to, far as,
Ex. 298, 443, D. 1 12 ; conj . 6]>J>set,
till, until, up to the time that, Ex.
59, 127, 204, 478, D. 17, 29, 63,
149, 248.

6J»er, adj. pro., other of two, sec-
ond, another, Ex. 108, D. 91.
aefter 6>rum = one after an-
other, Ex. 347; on dj>rum=£n
turn, Ex. 576.

OJj-fsestan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to entrust, trust, establish.

6>-faran, f6r, faren, st. v., S. 2,
M. 4, to come off, escape, flee
from. si]?J?an hie fe'bndum 6)>-
f aren haef don = had escaped, Ex.
64.

6>-l&dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to lead away, rescue, save, Ex.
569.

0>-standan, stSd, standen, st. v.,
S. 2, M. 4, to escape, withdraw-

6>->aet, see 6>.
6>->ah, see 6>->icgan.

o>J»e, conj., or, Ex. 210, 539, D.

85.
6>->icgan, >(e)ah, J»igen, st. v.,

5. 5, M. 1, to withdraw, snatch
away, deprive, Ex. 338.

6>->ringan, >rang, >rungen, st.

v., S. 3, M. 1, to force from, take

away from, D. 51.
6-wiht, -es, st. n., aught, a whit,

something, D. 274. See a-wiht.

P.

pa(e)>, -es, st. m.,path. helpend-

ra paj>, Ex. 487.
Pers(e)as, -a, plu., Persians.

B.

rad, see ridan.

r(a)ed, -es, st. m., counsel, ad-
vice, admonition, advantage, Ex.

6. ic on beteran rsed, Ex. 269,
D. 457 ; raedage-myndig= mind-
ful of counsels, Ex. 515, 548;
rsed f or> gsej> — good counsel will
follow, Ex. 525, D. 30, 182.

r£dan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to give counsel, rule, own, pos-
sess, guide, read, interpret.

r&dan, red (record), r£deii, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to counsel, care
for, govern, possess, forebode,
D. 8. r&dan (rule), D. 686.

r£d-faest, adj., resolute in coun-
sel, determined, D. 652.

r^d-le'as, adj., ill-advised, bad.
re>e and rsed-leas, D. 177.

r£ran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to rear, erect, lift up, set in mo-
tion, gar-wudu rserdon, Ex.
325; raerde = rserden, D. 191.
es, -es, st. m., attack, onslaught,
(rush), Ex. 329,

GLOSSARY.

127

raest, -e, st. f., rest, sleep, couch,
Ex. 134.

rseswa, -an, wk. m., prince, ruler,
adviser, plu., Ex. 234, D. 417,
487.

rand, -es, st. m., edge, rim, shield,
buckler, Ex. 332, 586.

raiid-burh, -(g)e, st. f., a de-
fence, protecting shield or wall;
plu., rand-byrig wseron (icalls
of waters), Ex. 463.

rand-ge-beorh(g), -es, st. m.,
shield, defence, protecting shield.
in rand-ge-beorh = into or for a
shield (waves), Ex. 296.

rand-wiga, -an, wk. m., shield-
warrior, warrior, Ex. 126, 134.

rand-wig(g)end, -es, st. m. and
part., shielded warrior, warrior,
Ex. 435.

re'ad, adj., red. re'adan sse, Ex.
134, 296; readan golde, D. 59.

re'af, -es, st. n., robe, garment,
corselet, Ex. 212 ; plu. re'af and
randas, Ex. 586.

recan, r6hte, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to care about or for, seek after,
desire, D. 201, 596.

rec(c)an, re(a)hte,ge-reaht, wk.
v., S. 1, M. 6, to recount, relate,
speak, Ex. 359, D. 159, 336.
Also, to rule, guide.

reccend, part, adj., ruling, D. 580.
Also sub., -es, ruler.

reced, -es, st. n. and m., building
(house, temple), D. 59.

reg(e)n, -es, st. m., rain, storm.
(ren.)

rcgn->e'bf, -es, st. m., arch-thief,
chief of robbers. regn->ebfas
rice dgela)> = the arch-thieves di-
vide the kingdom, Ex. 538. Used
as an intensive prefix.

rene, see ryne.

re'bd, see re'ad.

re~odan, re'ad, roden, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to redden, stain with

blood, slay, kill, Ex. 412.
re'bfan, re'af, rofen, st. v., S. 5,

M. 3, to break, break through,

Ex. 463.
reord, -e, st. f. (-es, n.), speech,

talk, language, voice. Jnirh reor-

de, D. 336, 511.
reord-berend, -es, st. m. and

part. , endowed with speech, man,

human being, D. 123.
reordi(ge)an, ode, od, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to speak, talk, harangue,

discourse, Ex. 256, 548.
rest, -e, st. f ., see raest, D. 109, 123.
restan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

rest, repose.

rfc>e, adj., rude, wild, severe, sav-
age, wroth, D. 177. Also adv.,

roughly, severely.
re}je-mOd, adj., cruel, savage, of

fierce spirit, D. 33.
rice, adj., mighty, powerful, rich,

Ex. 538, D. 457, 580.
rice, -es, st. n., realm, kingdom,

land, power, rule, Ex. 256, 556,

D. 8, 33, 114, 442, 584.
ridan, rad, riden, st. v., S. 6, M.

2, to ride, move, Ex. 173.
riht, adj., right, straight, correct,

just, rihtre strsete, Ex. 126, D.

291, 366.
riht, -es, st. n., right, justice, just

claim or due, Ex. 352, 586. Also,

portion, possession, duty, on

J>aet (fade riht (duty), Ex. 186,

338. rihtes (ne gymde), cared

not for justice, D. 177.
rim, -es, st. m., count, number,

Ex. 372, 435, (rime).
rinc-ge-tael, -es, st. n., number of

men, host, Ex. 234,

128

GLOSSARY.

rodor, -es, St. m., (rodor), sky,
heaven, firmament, Ex. 463, D.
236, 291.

rodor-beorht, adj., heaven-bright,
bright, D. 369.

r6f, adj., able, strong, valiant.
modes rofan = valiant in spirit,
Ex. 98, M. 321. rofa=rofra,
Ex. 226.

Ruben, -es, m., Reuben, Ex. 332.

rum, adj., roomy, spacious, wide.
rume rice, D. 611.

rumc, adv., far, richly. Comp.
rumor, further yet.

run, -e, st. f., secret, mystery.
run bi)> ge-recnod = the secret
will be explained, Ex. 525, D.
542, 741.

run-craeftig, adj . , acquainted with
runes, wise in interpreting mys-
teries.

ryman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to make room, clear away, re-
move, modge rymde = removed
the proud, Ex. 479.

ryne, -es, st. m., course, path.
ryne healda>, D. 369.

sacan, s6c, sacen, st. v., S. 2, M.
4, to fight, contend, attack, curse.

s£, -es and -e, m. and f., sea,
ocean, Ex. 134, 472. be ssem
twe~onum, Ex. 442.

s&-beorg, -es, st. m., sea-moun-
tain, (shore), wall or mountains
of waves. sae-beorga sand =
sands of the sea-shore, Ex. 441.

s&-ci(y)r, -es, st. m., ebb of the
sea, ebb. sand sse-cir spaw,
Ex. 291.

s&d, -es, st. n., seed, sseda ge-
hwilc, Ex. 374.

833-fsesten, -es, st. n., sea-fastness,
ocean, Ex. 127.

Sc«-faro)», -es, st. m., beating of
the wave, wave, D. 323.

saegl, -es, st. n., sun, (eye).

sae-grund, -es, st. m., sea-ground,
sea depths, ocean depths, Ex.
289.

s£l, -es and -e, st. m. and f., for-
tune, bliss, happiness, joy. on-
salmn = injoy, Ex. 106, 564.

s£-laf, -e, st. f., sea-remnant, that
left from the sea, one escaped
from the sea. sae-laf e (Israel) ,
Ex. 584.

saeld, adj., salt, salty, Ex. 289.

s&'le'bda, -an, wk. m., sailor, sea-
farer, snottor sse-le'bda (Noah) ,
Ex. 374.

s«*-lida, -an, see s&-le'bda.

s&-man, -es, st. in., seaman, sail-
or, Ex. 105, 478.

s^e-stre'am, -es, st. m., sea-stream,
current, sea, ocean, Ex. 250.

saet, see sittan.

s£e-w£g, -es, st. m., sea-wave,
icave.

s&-waroj>, -es, st. in., seashore,
beach, bank.

s&-weall, -es, st. m., sea-wall,
walls of divided water, Ex. 302.

s&-\viciiig, -es, st. m., viking,
pirate, sea-dweller, Ex. 333.

Salem, f., Salem, D. 40.

Salomon, -es, m., Solomon, D.
60, 712.

sa m iiin n. ode, od, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to collect, assemble, meet,
D. 228.

samod, see somod.

sane, see sang.

sang, see singan.

sang, -es, st. m., song, Ex. 309,
576. Also song.

GLOSSARY.

120

sand, -es, st. n., sand, beach, sandy
shore, graine of sand, Ex. 220,
441, D. 323. sand basnodon^
the sands awaited, Ex. 470.

sar, adj., sore, painful. Also
noun (st. n.),pain.

sawan, seTow, sawen, st. v., S.
1, M. 5, to sow, strew.

sawl, -e, st. f. (sawul), soul,
spirit, Ex. 543. Also life, prin-
ciple of life, sawlum lunnon,
Ex. 496, D. 395.

scacan, sc(e)6c, scacen, st. v.,
S. 2, M. 4, to shake, move violent-
ly, escape, Ex. 176.

sceacan, see scacan.

sceado, -we, st. f. (also -wes,
m.), shadow; plu., Ex. 113.
Also, sceadu.

sceaft, -es, st. m., shaft, spear,
bolt, Ex. 344, D. 132.

scealc, -es, st. m., slave, servant,
man, warrior, lad, D. 231, 253.

scelm, see scinan.

sce'at, -es, st. m. ,part of the earth,
region, portion of space, Ex.
428, D. 502.

sceat(t), -es, st. m., coin, money.

sc(e)a>an, sc(e)6d, sc(e)aj>en,
st. v., S. 2, M. 4, to injure,
(scathe), D. 464.

sce'bc, see scacan.

sceolde, see sculan.

sce'bn, 6de, (scyde), wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to fall to, fall to one's lot,
occur to. him . . . sce'bde =/<?ZZ
to them by lot, Ex. 586. (J?aet
fyr) scyde = turned suddenly
upon, D. 266.

scebtend, -es, st. m. and part.,
shooter, archer, Ex. 112.

sceppend, see scippend.

scild, -e, st. f. (sceld), debt,
crime, sin, D. 266.

scildan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to shield, protect, D. 505.
(scyldan.)

scildig (scyldig), adj., guilty, D.

450, 549. (scyldig.)
scild-hre'bj>a, -an, wk. m., shield,

Ex. 113.
scima, -an, wk. m., brightness,

light, splendor, shining, suii-

nan scima, D. 264.
scinan, sc(e)an, scinen, st. v.,

S. 6, M. 2, to shine, flash, grow

bright, gleam, glitter, Ex. 125.

scinon = flashed, Ex. 113, D. 276.
scip, -es, st. n., ship, boat, vessel.

bearm scipes (of the ark) , Ex.

375.
sci(y)ppend, -es, st. m., shaper,

creator, D. 292.
scir, adj., bright, clear, pure,

(sheer), Ex. 112, 125.
scraef, -es, st. n., pit, cave, den.

ece scrsef (hell) , Ex. 537.
scraj>, see scrijmn.
scri]>an, scraj>, scri)>(d)en, st.

v., S. 6, M. 2, to stride, wander,

move, go. wide scra>, widely

roamed, Ex. 39.
scufan, sce'af, scofen, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to shove, push (forward),
move, go, D. 231.

sculan, pret. pres., sc(e)olde.
(«) shall, must, ought, (obliga-
tion), D. 20, 62, 96, 153. (b)
will, shall, (futurity), sceal
weor>an, Ex. 422, 423, D. 114,
325.

scur, -es, st. m., shower, storm,
D. 350, 372.

scyld, -es, st. m., shield, protec-
tion, defence.

scyld, see scild, D. 266.

scyne, adj., shining, bright, beau-
tiful, D. 338.

130

GLOSSARY.

scyrian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to divide off, designate, ar-
range, offer, present, scyrede,
D. 87.

se, se'b, J>aBt, pro. and art. (a)
article: the; Ex. 380 = be; se'b,
Ex. 476; J>aet, D. 10; )>8es, Ex.
507 (Ex. 49 = J>a3t); Here, D.
28 ; }>am(n), Ex. 575 ; J>one, Ex.
364; J>y, Ex. 495; plu., ta, D.
58; J>ara, 77; J>am, Ex. 365.
(&) demonstrative: the; se)?e =
he who, Ex. 475, D. 233; \>8dt
(with all the genders) , Ex. 380 ;
\>3dt snottor = wise to that de-
gree, Ex. 438; to >aes = thither,
D. 41 ; swa J>aet, Ex. 377 ; J>yJ>e
=for the reason that, D. 85 ; n.
plu., J?aj>e, D. 35; bamj>e, Ex.
365. (c) relative: who, which;
se . . . geaf, D. 13; so D. 116,
150; plu., J>§, D. 27. Also, he
who, Ex. 554; that which, Ex.
557; se him=A,e to whom, Ex.
380; J>aes = which, D. 144; )>aes
J?e= (o/) ZftaJ w^cft, D. 162.

sealt, adj., salt, salty, Ex. 441,
472, D. 323.

searo(u), -es, st. n., armor, weap-
ons, skill, care, art, deceit, hos-
tile cunning, Ex. 470, D. 40.

secan, sOhte, ge-s6ht, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to seek, seek out, aim to
find, D. 49, 79, 441.

secgan, saegde (s£de), ssegd
(s£d), wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to
say, speak, relate, tell of, Ex.
377, D. 84. ssedon = saeden, D.
148.

sofa, -an, wk. m., mind, spirit,
soul, thought, Ex. 438, D. 49,
84, 110.

segel, -es, st. m. and n., sail, Ex.
81, 89.

segel = saegl (sun).

segen, -es, st. m. and n., standard,

sign, signal, token, to segne —

for a standard, Ex. 319. segnas

stddon=the signals arose, Ex.

565.
segl-r6d, -e, st. f., sail-rod, pole,

spar, Ex. 83.
segne, -an, wk. f., net, seine,

drag-net, Ex. 584.
sel, adj., selra(la), est (ost),

good, excellent; sup. (6es«),Ex.

293, 401, 445. (History from

Noah to Isaac here given.)
sel, s&l, adv. comp., better, D.

489. sup. selost.
seld, -es, st. n. (seald) , hall, room,

house, palace, seat, throne, dwell-
ing, (tent}, D. 151.
sele, -es, st. m., hall, D. 727.
sele-drelim, -es, st. m., liall-

joy(s), joy, revelry, Ex. 36.
self, see sylf.
sellan, see syllan.
sellende, -es, st. m. (part.), giver,

spender.

sellic, see sylllc.
sendan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to send, let go, D. 25 ; pres.

used as fut., D. 569.
Sennar, -e, f., Shinar, D. 602,

727.
Sennare, -a, plu., people of /Shinar

(land of).
seofon, num. adj., seven, D.

562.

seolfer, -es, st. n., silver, D. 60.
seoniian, ode (ede), od, wk. v.,

S. 2, M. 6, to linger, tarry, abide,

Ex. 209.
se'bn, seah, ge-sewen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to see, behold, inspect,

visit, find, D. 731.
Seon, f., Zion,

GLOSSARY.

131

setl-rad, -e, st. f., settling, sink-
ing, setting, sunuan setl-rade
= sunset, Ex. 109.

settend, -es, st. m., founder, crea-
tor, D. 330.

sew(i)aii,te(de), wk.v., S. 1, M.
6, to teach, show, instruct, D.
446.

sib-ge-driht, -e, st. f., a kindred
band, troop, host, Ex. 214.

sib-ge-magas, -a, st. m., plu.,
kinsmen, blood relations, {Abra-
ham and Isaac) , Ex. 386.

sid, adj., vast, broad, spacious,
wide, Ex. 260, D. 536. widdra
and siddra = too wide and broad
(vast}, Ex. 427. Sup. sidestan
=:sij>estan, D. 701.

sige, -es, st, m., success, victory.

sige-b$me, -an, wk. f., trumpet
of victory, trumpet. sungon
sige-byman = the trumpets of
victory sounded out, Ex. 565.

sige-cynmg, -es, st. m., victorious
king, victor, Ex. 172 (king of
Egypt).

Sigel-waras, -a, st. plu., Ethio-
pians, (sun-men^, Ex. 69.

sige-rice, adj., victorious, power-
ful in victory, triumphant, Ex.
27 (of Israel), Ex. 562.

sige-tiber, -es, st. n., sacrifice of
victory, glorious sacrifice (of
Isaac}, Ex. 402.

sigor, -es, st. m., triumph, victory,
Ex. 16, 272, D. 289.

sigor-w(e)orc, -es, st. n., work
or deed of victory, Ex. 316.
(sigor-worca.)

Simeon, -es, m., Simon, Ex. 341.

sin, pos. adj. pro., his, Ex. 411,
D. 75, 79, 100.

sine, -es, st. n., treasure, riches,
property, jewels, precious things.

since be-rof ene — deprived of

treasure, Ex. 36, D. 60.
siii-cald (ceald), adj., intensely

cold, bitter cold, sin-calda sae,

Ex. 472.

sindon, see wesan.
singan, sang, sungen, st. v., S.

3, M. 1, to sing, resound, make
a musical sound, Ex. 132, D.
192.

Sion, f., Zion. (Seon) Seone

beorg=MZ of Zion, Ex. 386.
sittan, saet, seten, st. v., S. 5, M.

1, to sit, Ex. 212, D. 94.

si>, adj. and adv., late; comp.

sij>or, Ex. 336. aet styestan =

at last, D. 31.
si>, -es, si. m., way, path, journey,

expedition, going, Ex. 53,97, I).

68. forma sty = the first time,

Ex. 22. Also, /ate, destiny, lot,

Ex. 207. sij> heora (of the

Egyptians), Ex. 509.
si>-boda, -an, wk. m., herald,

messenger, Ex. 250 (pillar of

fire).
siJ>-f«Bt, -es, st. m., way, course,

journey, Ex. 81, 521, D. 649.
sijnan, ode (ede), od, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to set out, march, jour-
ney, Ex. 272, D. 67, 632.

sij>)>an, adv., since, after that,
afterward, from now on, further,
Ex. 86, 384, D. 109, 165; conj.,
since, after, Ex. 64, 144, 155,
498, D. 4.

sl&p, -es, st. m., sleep, D. 113.

slean, s!6h(g), slegen (ge-sla-
gen), (slsegen), st. v., S. 2, M.

4, to strike, strike down, slay,
Ex. 280, 484. wolde sle'an
(Isaac), Ex. 411, 418, P.
344.

s!6h, see slean,

132

GLOSSARY.

sliipan. sle'ap, slopcn, st. v., S.

7, M. 3, to glide, move stealthily.
on sle'ap = glided on, Ex. 490.

snaw, -es, st. m., snow, D. 378.

snell, adj., quick, lively, vigorous.

snelle, adv., quickly, Ex. 220.
Also, snellice.

sno(t)tor, adj., wise, prudent, sa-
gacious, (of Noah) Ex. 374, (of
Solomon) Ex. 389, 438, D. 151.

snyt(t)ro, f. indec., wisdom, sa-
gacity, D. 28, 84, 486.

somni(ge)an, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to collect, assemble,^.
217.

somod (somud), adv., together,
Ex. 214, D. 375, 377.

sona, adv., soon, forthwith, at
once, D. 161.

sorh(g), -es, st. n. and f ., sorrow,
care, anxiety, pain, 1). 118,
264.

s6>, adj., true, just, genuine, reli-
able, Ex. 30, 478, D. 144, 288,
451. As adv., in truth, indeed,
truly. so\>-gere = full well, Ex.
291.

soj>, -es, st. n., truth, justice, right-
eousness, D. 28, 113, 416.

s6>-cwide, -es, st. n., a true say-
ing, truth, D. 446.

s6>e, adv., truly, D. 483.

s6>-fsest, adj., just, firm in truth,
true, pious, Ex. 9, (of God)
Ex. 433, D. 333, 384.

s6J»-gere, adv., very well.

s6>-wundor, -es, st. n., a true
wonder, great wonder, Ex. 24.

spannan, spen, spannen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to stretch, fasten, at-
tach, make fast.

spaw, see spiwan.

sped, -e, st. f., success, good for-
tune, (speed), progress, haste,

Ex. 153, D. 335. sej>e sped ahte
= he who had (owned) success,
Ex. 513.

spel, -es, st^n., news, word, mes-
sage, account, (spell) ; plu.,Ex.
203, D. 479.

spel-boda, -an, wk.m., announcer
ofamessage, messenger, prophet,
(angel}, D. 230.

spe(l)Han, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to speak, talk, announce,
D. 658,

spild-si>, -es, st. m., destructive,
dangerous journey , Ex. 153.

spillan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to destroy, kill, Ex. 513.

spiwan, spaw, spiwen, st. v., S.
6, M. 2, to spew, reject, spit out,
Ex. 291. holm heolfre spaw =
the sea spat gore, Ex. 449.

spor, -es, st. n., trace, footstep,
Ex. 239.

spOwan, spe'bw, spowen, st. v.,
S. 1, M. 5, to succeed, thrive, D.
479.

spraec, see sprecan.

spr£c, -e, st. f., speech, discourse,
words, halige spr&ce, Ex. 517.

sprecan, spraec, sprecen, st. v.,
S. 5, M. 1, to speak, say, Ex.
258, 277, D. 424.

sta'fu. see stefn.

stae)>, -es, st. n., shore, beach, Ex.
580.

stab, see stigan.

stan, -es, st. m., stone, Ex. 440.

standan, st6d, standen, st. v.,
S. 2, M. 4, to stand, stand firm,
remain, be, Ex. 571, D. 40. hara
be ... to frtye stodon = these
(cities)which remained for safety,
D. 64. Also to rise up suddenly,
to threaten, Ex. 201, 459, 490;
stodon (started up), Ex. 565.

GLOSSARY.

133

stan-hli>, -es, st. n., cliff, preci-
pice of stone, D. 61.
starian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to stare, gaze, D. 718.
sta>ol, -es, st. m. (stn]>ul), foun-
dation, ground, place, base, bot-
tom, Ex. 285, D. 5G1. ece sta-

Jmlas = the everlasting depths,

Ex. 473.

ste'ap, adj., steep, deep, lofty.
stef(e)n, -e, st. f., voice, Ex. 99,

257, 276, 416, 550, 574, D. 179,

510, 561.

stefn, -es, st. m., stem, trunk,
prow of ship, fsegum stefnum

(bodies of the dead), Ex. 462.
steorra, -an, wk. m., star, Ex.

440.
stepan, te, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to raise, erect, exalt, D. 440.

= stepten (B. and T.).
stigan, stall, stigen, st. v., S. 6,

M. 2, to ascend, mount, climb,

move, step, go, Ex. 319. heah-

lond stigon = they ascended the

highlands, D. 510.
stille, adj. and adv., still, quiet,

quietly, silently, Ex. 300. stille

}jii(\ — quietly awaited, Ex. 550,

D. 561, 582.
stud, see standan.
storm, -es, st. m., storm, tempest,

uproar, tumult, storm up ge-

wat = tumult arose, Ex. 459.
str£t, -e, st. f . , street, road, course,

Ex. 126.

Strega in, -es, st. n., stream, cur-
rent, river, sea, Ex. 296, 471.

streamas stodon — the ocean

threatened, Ex. 459.
strudan, stre'ad, stroden, st. v.

S. 7, M. 3, to plunder, destroy,

carry off.
styran, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to rule, manage, hinder, re-
strain, him styran . . . stefn =
a voice to restrain him, Ex. 416.

styrian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to stir, move, excite, urge, at-
tack, to be moved.

sum, adj. pro., one, a certain one,
any, one of many, chief one, Ex.
279, 357, D. 418. godes beacna
sum = one of.

sumor, -es, st. m. (sumer), sum-
mer, T>. 276.

sund, -es, st. m. and n., sound,
sea, strait, ocean, Ex. 319.

sund or, adv. (sundur), apart,
separately, especially, sundor
anra ge-hwilc = each one sepa-
rately, D. 370.

sundor-gifu, -e, st. f., special
yift, aift, distinction, D. 606.

sunne, -an, wk. f. (v. -e, st. f.),
the sun, Ex. 81, 109, D. 264.

sunu, -a, st. m., son, Ex. 18, 332,
363, etc., D. 402.

susl, -es, st. n., torment, punish-
men^ D. 521, 621, 654.

sfi]>a, -an, wk. m., the south, be
suj>an = ora the south.

siijnm, adv., from the south, su-
J?an and norj>an, D. 52.

stijj-weg, -es, st. m., south-way,
way southward, Ex. 155.

su>-wind, -es, st. m., south-ivind,
Ex. 289.

swa, adv. and conj., so, thus,
so that, in such wise, therefore,
Ex. 194, 377, D. 130. swa = so
that, Ex. 82, D. 20; swa mice-
les = so much, Ex. 143 ; swaj>eah
= nevertheless, or yet, Ex. 339.
(a) relative : who, as, so far as,
in the manner that ; swa dreali
= who endured, Ex. 49; swa —
which, D. 3. (6) conj. : as, so

134

GLOSSARY.

as, Ex. 388 ; swilce swa = such

as, I). 62, Ex. 101, 314, 352.
swaef, see swefan.
swaefan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to stagger, hesitate, D. 116.
swaes, adj., dear, sweet, beloved.
swapan, swebp, swjtpen, st. v.,

S. 1, M. 5, to sweep, sweep away,

Ex. 480.
swarian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to say, talk.
swefan, swaef, swefen, st. v.,S.

5, M. 1, to sleep, slumber, rest,

D. 116,/aZZ in death, cease from.

sele-drdamas swsefon = joys

ceased, Ex. 36; sw£fon=fell

asleep (in death), Ex. 495.
swefen, -es, st. n., sleep, dream,

D. 110, 118.
swefn(i)an, ede, ed, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to dream, D. 131, M.

290 (c).
sweg, -es, st. m., sound, noise,

crash, tumult, Ex. 309, D. 264.
swellan, sweal, swollen, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to swell, swell up.
sweltan, swealt, swolten, st. v.,

S. 3, M. 1, to die, perish, Ex.

464.
sweord, -es, st. n., sword, Ex.

419.
sweord-wigend, -es, st. m. and

part., sworded warriors, sword-

wielders, soldiers, Ex. 260.
sweot, -es, st. m., band, troop,

Ex. 127, 220. sweotum comon

= came in troops, Ex. 341, (of

Egyptians) Ex. 496.
swerian, sw6r, sworen, st. v.,

S. 2, M. 4, to swear, Ex. 431.
swerian, see swarian.
swSgian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to be silent, quiet, D.

547.

swilc (swylc), adj. pro., such,
such as, each, every, who, which,
that, D. 62, 66, 350. swilc,
swilc = such as, so as.

swilce (swylee), adv.,«Zso, more-
over, furthermore, such that, so,
D. 502, 507.

swipian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to beat, strike, Ex. 463.

swi}>, adj., strong, valiant, violent,
D. 284. swtyre hand, right
hand, Ex. 280.

swi>an, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, (swy>an), to make powerful,
establish, strengthen, Ex. 549.

swi>e, adv., strongly, eagerly, D.
483.

swij>-m6d, adj., of violent dis-
position, proud, haughty, bold,
D. 100, 161.

swi>rian, ode (ade), od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to vanish, disappear,
diminish, weaken, Ex. 113, 242,
D. 639. sweg swifcrode = sound
ceased, Ex. 309 ; eyre (hope of
return or advance) , disappeared,
Ex. 465.

swOr, see swerian. Also sar.

swutol, adj., clear, bright, D. 489.

sylf (self), adj. pro., self, ic
sylf a = I myself, Ex. 280 ; hie . . .
sylfe, D. 31, M. 131, 366 (10).

syllan, sealde, seald, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to give, give over, pre-
sent, spend, (sell), D. 154, 199.

syllic, adj., strange, singular; as
adv., Ex. 109.

symb(e)l, -es, st. n., feast, ban-
quet, meal, festivity, D. 701.

symb(e)l, es, st. n., duration.
symble, adv., always.

syn(n), -e, st. f., sin.

syn-full, adj., sinful, wicked; as
noun (of Egyptians), Ex. 496.

GLOSSARY.

135

tac(e)n, -es, st. n., a sign, token,

T>. 447, 489.
t&can, t£hte, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to show, point out, teach, instruct.

modum tsecan = instruct the

minds, Ex. 527.
tan, -es, st. m., rod, twifj, branch.

grene tane = icith a green twig,

Ex. 281.
telga, -an, st. m., a bough, branch.

D. 504, 515.
tempel, -es, st. n., temple, Ex.

391, D. 60, 711.
teohian, see te'bn.
te'bn, ode, od, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to set, fix, establish, make, work,

D. Ill, 208, 216, 309.
te'bnful, adj., malicious, injurious,

unworthy, T>. 255.
te'bn-hete, -es, st. m., dire hate,

malicious hate, Ex. 224.
teosu, -e, st. f., harm, injury, de-
struction.

teso, -e, st. f., see teosu, D. 255.
tiber, -es, st. n., offering, sacri-
fice, halig tiber (Isaac), Ex.

415.
tid, -e, st. f., time, tide, season,

D. 348, 562.
tir, -es, st. m., glory, splendor,

honor, brilliancy, D. 312. As

a prefix, indicates excellence;

see below.
tir-e'adig, &&]., glorious ; as noun,

Ex. 184, 232.
tir-faest, adj., famous, glorious,

established in glory, Ex. 63.
tO, prep. w. clat., to. («) local:

to, at, by, near, up, towards, Ex.

277, 397, 456, 460, 552, D. 38,

44, 54, 70, 93, 109; 181, 204,

(before"), (ft) temporal : to, at,

for, till, during, against, Ex.

198, 263 ; to ealdre = for all
time, Ex. 424; to widan feore
— for life eternal, Ex. 547. (c)
purpose: to, for, as, into, to
frofre=:as a help, Ex. 88. So
Ex. 319, 325, 402, 405, 508, D.
87, 150, 197, 208, 216 ; result, D.
74; with inf. to feran, D. 76,
129. (d) with particles (gen.) :
to hwaes — whither ; to J>ses =
thither, D. 41 ; to t>ses = to that
degree, so ; to middes dseges =
at midday ; ne to wuhte — by no
means; w. ace., to-dseg.

t6-dr&fan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to drive apart, separate,
destroy.

tO-drifan, draf, drifen, st. v.,

5. 6, M. 2, to disperse, separate,
destroy, D. 353.

t6-dwsescan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to put out, extinguish, D. 353.
to-hw(e)orfan, (hwurfan),

hwearf, hworfen, st. v., S. 3,
M. 1, to separate, scatter, D.
302.

torht, adj., clear, bright, D. 511.

t6-somne, (samne), adv., to-
gether, Ex. 207, D. 469, 527.

tO-scufan, sce'af, scofen, st. v.,
S. 7, M. 3, to shove apart, scat-
ter, D. 340.

tO-swapan, swe'op, swapen, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to sweep apart,
asunder, to separate, T>. 342.

t6-swendan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to cause to go apart, de-
stroy, D. 342.

t6-wrecan, wrsec, wrecen, st. v.,
S. 5, M. 1, to scatter, separate,
dissipate, D. 301.

tredan, traed, treden, st. v., S.
5, M. 1, to tread, enter, go upon,
roam through, Ex. 158,

136

GLOSSARY.

treddian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to tread, step, go, go about,

D. 439.
treb(w), -es, st. n., a tree, wood,

D. 511, 556.

trebw, -e, st. f., faith, trust, fidel-
ity to covenant, faithfulness, Ex.

149, 422, 425. halige trebwa,

Ex. 366, D. 312.
trebwan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to trust, confide in, entrust.
tre'bwe, -an, wk. f., see tre'bw.
trum, adj., firm, true, steadfast,

Ex. 553.

tryman, see trymian.
tryinian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to strengthen, incite, to

storm, rage, roar, whirr, Ex.

159. trymecle = strengthened,

D. 534.
tuddor-te'bnde, adj. part, plu.,

bringing forth offspring; as

noun, Ex. 372.

tungel, -es, st. n., star, planet, con-
stellation, D. 369. Also tungol.
twa, num. adj., see twegen, Ex.

63, 184.
twegen, num. adj., two, (tu),

Ex. 94, M. 141. Also twa, gen.

twegra, dat. twain.
twelf, num. adj., twelve, Ex. 225.
tweogan, see twe'bn.
twebn, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to be of doubtful mind, to doubt.
twe'bne, num., see bi(be)-twe'b-

num, Ex. 562.
twig, -es, st. n., a twig, branch,

I). 504, 515.
tyn-hund, -es, st. n., ten hundred,

thousand, Ex. 232.
tyr, see tir.
>a, adv., then, there, at that time,

Ex. 22, 30, 33, D. 19, 22; then,

when, where, Ex. 48, 146, 202,

319; ha. . .b& = then . . . when,
D. 178; ha Her, Ex. 347; as
conj., as, when, since, Ex. 142.

]>£r, adv. and conj. and rel.,
there, in that place, if, through,
Ex. 71, 89, D. 40, 66; thither,
Ex. 91, D. 82; where, there
where, Ex. 330, 387, D. 346:
hser ge = whithersoever ye, Ex.
272.

>aes, see se, (gen.).

>aet, conj., that, Ex. 23, 123, D.
83, 86; that, so that, (result),
Ex. 206, 264, 294, D. 15, 31;
purpose or design, Ex. 317,
336, 528, D. 77. oh J>8et = until,
D. 29.

J>set, see se.

J>£ette, conj., (j>aet-)»e), that, so
that, in order that, Ex. 151, 509,
D. 114, 161, 318.

>afi(g)an, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to submit, agree, accede,
D. 190.

J>an, see se, (>am) = >one, Ex.
245.

J»ane, -es, st. m., thought, reflec-
tion, favor, pardon, D. 308.

>ancian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to thank, give thanks, re-
ward, D. 86, 425.

}>anne, see }>onne.

Jmnon, adv., then, thereupon, Ex.
515.

J>e (indec.), rel. particle and conj.,
who, which, that, D. 87. se J>e =
he who, Ex. 7 ; se he his = whose ;
)>aj>e (those who}, Ex. 235, D.
35 ; ]>ara >e, Ex. 189, M. 380 (3),
D. 16; J>a3S \>e = because, Ex.
49, D. 308 ; ser ham he = ere
that ; he ... he = either . . . or,
ma he (more than}, D. 264; 6}>
he = until ; to hses he = whither.

GLOSSARY.

137

J»eah, conj. and adv., Oe'ah ]>e),
though, although, Ex. 141, 209,
D. 192. swaj>eah = however,
nevertheless, Ex. 339.

>eaht, see >eccan.

Jje'aw, -es, st. m., custom, habit,
usage, D. 572.

)>eccan, J>eahte, ge-]>eaht, wk. v. ,
S. 1, M. 6, to cover, thatch, con-
ceal, Ex. 288.

>eg(e)n, -es, st. m., thane, knight,
servant, vassal, Ex. 170, D. 75.

)>egming, -e, st. f., service.

>egu, -e, st. f., reception. Used
in compounds.

>encan, >6hte, ge->6ht, wk. v.,
S. 1, M. 6, to think, intend, fan-
cy, wyrnan >6hton = thought
to refuse, Ex. 61.

>enden, adv. and conj., while,
during, so long as, that, Ex. 255.
D. 8, 10.

J>engel, -es, st. m., prince, lord,
Ex. 173.

Jje'bd, -e, st. f.,folk, nation, peo-
ple, Ex. 158, 326, 357, D. 172,
181. wlance Kbde (Egyptians) ,
Ex. 486.

J>e/bd(e)n, -es, st. m., lord, prince,
ruler; (of Noah), Ex. 363, D.
109, 188; (of God), Ex. 431, D.
33, 34, 93.

Jje'b den -hold, adj., loyal, pleasing
to one's lord, faithful, Ex. 87,
182.

pe'bd-msegen, -es, st. n., folks'
power, might, cohort, body, host.
)>ridde ]>ebd-, Ex. 342.

)>e'bd-scipe, -es, st. m., law, rule,
government, godes ]>ebd- (rule
of God), Ex. 528.

>e~ow-ned, see >e/bw-n^d.

]»e/b(\v)-nyd, -e, st. f., slavery,
bondage, D. 294, 308.

>e'bster, st. n., see Jje'bstru.

>e'bstru, -e, st. f., gloom, dark-
ness. >ebstro, D. 376.

]>es, J^e'bs, J>is, dem. pro., this,
Ex. 273, D. 206, (J>isse), KOS,
Ex. 280, 430; to daege Mssmn,
Ex. 263.

>ider, (>yder), adv., thither, Ex.
46, 196.

]»in, pers. pro., thy, (thine),
your, Ex. 418, 434, D. 131,
285.

>incan, Jmhte, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, seem, appear, (methinks), Ex.

572, D. 270, 498, 505, 509, (me-
seems) .

]>lng, -es, st. n., thing, event, en-
terprise, assembly, council.

>ing(i)an, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to beg, pray, speak, con-
ciliate, expiate. >inga = pray,
D. 588.

J>6hte, see ]>encan.

}>olian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to endure, suffer, allow, grant,
Ex. 324, D. 308.

>on = >am, see se. e"ac \>on =
moreover, Ex. 374, 381 ; s£r )>on
— before that, D. 35.

)>onne, adv., then, at that time,
henceforth, Ex. 543, D. 276.
K>nne-J>onne=£/iew, when ; conj. ,
if, as, when, ichile, Ex. 325;
]?onne>aet, J>onne gif (than if),
with comp. = than, Ex. 373.
widdra and siddra >onne, Ex.
428, D. 250.

>racu, -e, st. f., attack, pressure,
force, conflict. J>racu Wges on
ore, Ex. 326.

}>raec-wig, -es, st. m., violent com-
bat, onset, battle, Ex. 182.

>rag(h), -e, st. f., time, space, D.

573, 588.

138

GLOSSARY.

>rea(g),-es, -e, m. f. (n.), threat,
calamity, attack, terror, evil,
oppression, D. 294.

Jmfanied(nyd), -e, st. f. (n.),
bitter necessity, misery, need,
distress, danger, 1). 213.

>reb(>r£), num. adj., three, Ex.
363, D. 102; gen. bre'bra, dat.
brym; as noun, ba bry, D. 93.

>ridda, num. adj., third, Ex. 87,
343, D. 92.

J>rist(e), adj., bold, daring, reso-
lute, D. 425.

>rowi(ge)an, ode, od, wk. v.,
S. 2, M. 6, to endure, bear, D.
213.

>rym(m), -es, st. m., troop, band,
multitude, power, glory, majesty ;
D. 425. Also brim.

J>rym-faest, adj., glorious, mighty ;
(of Noah), Ex. 363.

>rym-lic(e), adj. and adv., glori-
ous, noble, mighty, nobly, glori-

J>rysmian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to press, disquiet, suffocate.

>ryst, see >rist.

J>ryJ>, -e, st. f., strength, power,
glory, multitude, folca brybum
= in multitudes, Ex. 340.

>u, pers. pro., thou, you, Ex. 421.
ge, Ex. 259 ; ebw, 268.

Jmf, -es, st. TO.., flag, ensign, stan-
dard, Ex. 158.

Jmn(e)rian, see ]>imiaii.

]>unian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to extend, float, swell, resound,
Ex. 158.

Jnirfan, >orfte, pret. pres., to
need, want, desire, Ex. 425.

>urh, prep. w. ace., through, by
means of. (a) local, Ex. 572,
D. 281,461. (6) inst.,Ex. 262,
D. 4, 51, 146, 316. (c) causal,

D. 48. (d) confirmatory (by
oath), burn his ... lif , Ex. 433.

>urstig, adj., thirsty, greedy, de-
sirous, Ex. 182.

Jmrh-gledan, de, ed, wk. v., S.
1, M. 6, to heat through, D. 244.

Jmrh-wadan, w6d, waden, st.
v., S. 2, M. 4, to penetrate, go
through, invade, D. 464.

Jms, adv., thus, so, D. 324.

Jmsend, num., thousand, Ex. 184,
M. 141.

Jmsend-mcfelum, adv., thousand-
fold, by thousands, Ex. 196.

J>y, see se.

>y-l£s, conj. by lees (\>e) = lest
that.

>yncan, see )»iiican.

U.

iifaii, adv.,/rom above, above, D.
509.

uht-tid, -e, st. f., dawn, twilight-
tide, on uht-tid = about dawn,
Ex. 216 (3 to 6 A.M.).

un-blij>(e), adj., joyless, unkind,
D. 127, 134.

un-celipunga, adv., freely, gratui-
tously, D. 746.

un-cuj>, adj., unknown, strange,
Ex. 58, 313.

under, prep. w. dat. and ace., un-
der, below, beneath, Ex. 228, 236,
376, D. 61. under hand = into
the power of, D. 71.

un-for-baerned, part, adj., un-
burnt, D. 272.

un-forht, adj., fearless, bold, un-
terrified, Ex. 180, 328. As adv.,
Ex. 335.

un-ge-lic, adj., unlike, D. 112.

un-ge-sce'ad, adv., undauntedly,
boldly, very, D. 243.

GLOSSARY.

139

un grund, adj., boundless, vast,
unfathomable, Ex. 508.

un-hle'bw, adj., offering no pro-
tection, Ex. 494.

un-hold, adj., unfriendly, angry,
wroth ; (of the Israelites) , D. 34.

un-lytel, adj., great, vast, D. 552.

unnan, pret. pres., u}»e, to give,
grant, present, ic on(an) = I
give, Ex. 269.

un-r£d, -es, st. m., evil counsel,
folly, D. 186.

un-riht, -es, st. n., wrong, evil,
injustice, sin, D. 23, 187, 685.

un-riht-dSm , -es, st.m., unright-
eousness, sin, D. 183.

un-rim, -es, st. m., countless, vast
number, Ex. 261, D. 70, 324.
Also adj., countless.

un-ryht, see un-riht.

un-scende, see un-scynde.

nn-scynde, adj., blameless, honor-
able, not to be ashamed of, D.
763.

un-swiciende, adj. and part.,m-
perishable, unceasing, eternal,
Ex. 424.

un-w tic-lice, adv., strong, T>. 674.

un-weaxen, adj. pp., ungrown,
young; (of Isaac), Ex. 412.

up, adv., up, above, upward; (of
motion), Ex. 200, 253, 411; up
above, above, Ex. 461.

up-cynie, -es, st. m., rising, ori-
gin, source, D. 385.

up-lang, adj., upright, erect, Ex.
303.

uppe, adv., above. Also adj.,
above, high up, exalted, D. 195.

up-rad, see up-ridan.

up-ridan, rad, riden, st. v., S. 6,
M. 2, to ride, move up, rise.
fana up-rad — the standard up-
rose, Ex. 248,

up-rodor, -es, st. m., heaven, fir-
mament, Ex. 429, 544.

user (fire), pos. pro., our, ours,
(of its'), D. 292, 298.

usic, see ic.

tit, adv., out, without, Ex. 187, D.
429. of Egyptum fit, D. 6.

titan, adv., (uton). outside, with-
out.

utan = wutan = let us (go) .

W.

wac, adj., weak, timid, cowardly,
soft, Ex. 233.

wacian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to weaken, yield, languish.

wadan, w6d, waden, (wseden),
st. v., S. 2,M. 4, to press through,
move, go through, Ex. 311.

waeccende, part., watching, watch-
ful, awake, Ex. 213.

w&d, -e, st. f. (-e, st. n. plu.),
clothing, garments, D. 103, 634.

w£fre, adj., wavering, unsteady,
unquiet, D. 241.

waeg, see wegan.

waeg, -es, st. m., wall, partition,
Ex. 483; (of waves), Ex. 494,
D. 723.

wseg, -es, st. m., wave, billow,
sea. mid wsege, Ex. 457, 466,
D. 323.

w£g-faru, -e, st. f., sea-path,
course, Ex. 298.

wasg-streliin, -es, st. m., wave-
stream, wave, sea, ocean, Ex.
311.

wael-ben (n)e, st. f., death wound,
mortal wound, battle wound, Ex.
491.

wael-ce'asega, -an, wk. m., battle-
chooser, carrion-chooser, raven,
Ex. 164, (wa3l-ceasig, adj.)

140

GLOSSARY.

wael-f aejmi, -es, St. m., grasp of
death, fatal embrace, Ex.
480.

wael-gryre, -es, st. m., deadly
horror, dread, terror of battle,
Ex. 137.

wael-hlence, -an, wk. f., battle-
link, chain, armor, shirt-of-mail ,
Ex. 176.

wael-hre'bw, adj., savage in
slaughter, cruel; (of Babyloni-
ans), D. 53.

wael-mist, -es, st. m., battle-mist,
death-mist, mist, Ex. 450.

wael-ne(t)t, -es, st. n., death-net,
battle-net, Ex. 202.

wael-nij>, -es, st. m., deadly hos-
tility, enmity, war, D. 46.

wael-sliht, -es, st. m. and (n.),
(sleaht), slaughter in battle,
massacre, slaughter, Ex. 328.

w£p(e)n, -es, st.n., weapon, piece
of armor, shield, spear, sword,
Ex. 20, 328, 450. waepna lafe
(survivors'), D. 74.

w&pned-cyn, -es, st. n., male-
kin, race, tribe, Ex. 188.

w£r, -e, st. f., covenant, agree-
ment, promise, Ex. 140. w£re
frseton = broke the covenant,
Ex. 147, 387, 421.

w&re, -an, wk. f., see w&r.

w£r-faest, adj., faithful, true, D.
194.

waer-genga, -an, wk. m., a wan-
derer, traveller, D. 663.

waes, see wesan.

waestm, -es, st. m. and n. (-e, f.),
growth, stature, bodily strength,
abundance. be wsestmum =
according to bodily strength, Ex.
243.

waeter, -es, st. n., water, Ex. 283,
450.

waeter-scipe, -es, st. m., collec-

tion of waters, water-floods,

floods, D. 389.
waeter-sprmg, -es, st. m.,

(sprync), water-spring, whirl-

pool, eddy, D. 386.
waeter-sprync, see above.
w&}>an, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to roam, ivander, Ex. 480.
wafian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to waver, hesitate, stare, be

astonished, haelej? wafedon —

the warriors wavered, Ex. 78.
wah(g), -es, st. m., see waeg.
waldend, -es, st. m. and part.,

guide, ruler, king, lord; (of

God), Ex. 16, 421, 432, D. 13,

241.

warn, see worn.
wan, see won.
wand, see windan.
wandian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,

M. 6, to hesitate, desist, D. 550.
waru, -e, st. f. plu., citizenship,

citizens, used only in com-

pounds.

wat, see witan.

wa}>, -e, st. f., away, wandering.
wa]>ema, -an, wk. m., flood,

stream, sea. (wajnima.)
wa)m, -e, st. f., a way, course, D.

663.
wa>um, -es, st. m., wave, billow,

water-stream, Ex. 471.
we, see ic.
we'a, -an, wk. m., woe, misery,

trouble, wean on wenum=in

expectation of misery, Ex. 213.

Appos. with oht-nfed, Ex.

we'a, adj., woful.

\vealdan, we'bld, wealden, st.

v., S. 1, M. 5, to wield, rule,
exercise authority over, guide.

GLOSSARY.

141

stye webld = guided the journey,
Ex. 105, D. 9, 523.

wealdend, see waldend.

wealh-stOd, -es, st. m., interpre-
ter, Ex. 522.

weall, -es, st. m., wall, rampart,
(cliff), Ex. 305, 571, D. 600.

weal(l)-faesten, -es, st. n., ram-
part, castle, fortress, and weal-
faesten = into a rampart, Ex.
283.

weallan, we'bl(l), weallen, st.
v., S. 1, M. 5, to well up, gush
out, rock, (swell}. webllon
wsel-benna = death wounds
swelled, Ex. 491(?).

we'an, -es, st. m., misfortune,
ruin, D. 591.

weard, -e, st. f., see weard.

weard, -es, st. m., guardian, pro-
tector, lord, Ex. 221, 503; (of
God), Ex. 433, 485, D. 12, 26,
104, 117. ban-buses weard
(mind, spirit}, Ex. 523. Also
watch, protection, D. 235.

weardian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to guard, protect, defend,
D. 665.

wearmlic, adj., warm, D. 350.

wear)>, see weorjmn.

weccan, hte, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to arouse, wake, excite, D. 577.

wecgan, ede, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to move, agitate, D. 389, 577(?).

wedan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to rage, rave, storm, Ex. 489.

weder, -es, st. n., (weather}, air,
D. 347. liolmegum wedrum =
through stormy weather, Ex. 118.

weder-wolcen, -es, st. n., cloud
in the air, cloud, Ex. 75.

wefan, waef, wefen, st. v., S. 5,
M. I, to contrive, project, waes
= waef, D, 119 (?).

weg, -es, st. m., way, path, road,
course, Ex. 283. J>aer £r wegas
lagon=?ay the ways, Ex. 457;
on-weg = away, D. 513.

wegan, wasg, wegen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to bear, carry, move,
Ex. 157, 572. wsegon = moved,
Ex. 180.

wela, -an, wk. m., weal, prosper-
ity, wealth, D. 9, 645.

wemman, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1,
M. 6, to abuse, revile.

wen, -ne, st. f., see wena.

wena, -an, wk. m., (weening},
hope, expectation, setes on we-
nan = itt hope of, Ex. 165, 176,
213.

wenan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to ween, hope, expect, D. 530.
wendan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.

6, to wend, turn, turn about, in-
terpret, wendan ne miht, D.
747.

w(e)oh(g), -es, st. m., see wig.

we'old, see wealdan.

w(e)orc, -es, st. n., work,
deed, something made, labor,
grief, (evil work}, I). 44, 268.
weorc gode = grief to God, D.
24.

\v(e)orc-J>eb\v, -es, st. n., slave,
servant; (of Israel), 1). 74.

w(e)orc->e'bwa, -an, wk. m., see
weorc-J>e'bw.

weorpan, wearp, worpen, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to cast, throw, D.
245.

weor>an, wear>, worden, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to be, become, happen,
escape, Ex. 142, 144, 154, D. 33,
124, 178. fae>me weorpan =
escape from the grasp of, Ex.
294.

weor>ian, see wurj>ian.

142

GLOSSARY.

weor>-mynd, -es, st. n., see

wurj>-mynd.
weoruld, see woruld.

wer, -es, st. m., man, person
Ex. 3, 149, D. 97.

wer-beam, -es, st. n., (tree of de-
fence), warrior, strong man / (of
Egyptians), Ex. 486.

werg(i)an, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to curse, denounce.

weri(ge)an, wk. v., (wergaii), see
werian.

werian, ede, ed, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to defend, protect, guard, ward
off, hinder, Ex. 202. (se J?as
fyrd) werej> — protects.

werig, adj., accursed.

werig, adj., weary, dependent, un-
strung, unhappy, Ex. 130, D.
268.

weri(g)end, part, sub., -es, m.,
defender, guardian, protector,
(of Egyptians), Ex. 588.

werod, -es, st. n., (wered), band,
host, multitude, Ex. 100, 299
(Israel), Ex. 564 (Babylonians),
D. 44, 53, Ex. 194 (Egyptians),
(Israel) D. 13, 27.

werud, see werod, Ex. 204, 567.

\ver-J?ebd, -e, st. f., folk, people,
men, Ex. 383, 519.

wesan, waes, ge-wesen, irreg.,
be, Ex. 12, 19, 22, etc., D. 3, 7.
As auxiliary, Ex. 33, 35, 43, D.
113, 124.

•west, adv., west, westward, D. 53,
76.

\vesten, -es, st. n., waste, desert,
solitude, Ex. 8, 123, D. 559, 622.
westen-gryre, -es, st. m., desert-
horror, dread of the waste, Ex.
117 (hist.).

wic, -es, st. n., camp, dwelling-
place, house, village, Ex. 87,

133. Used in compounds,
wic-stede, etc.

wicau, wac, wicen, st. v., S. 6,
M. 2, to yield, fall down, give
way, Ex. 483.

wic(c)ung-dGm, -es, st. m.,
magic, witchcraft, D. 121.

wician, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to dwell, tarry, sojourn, rest
in, Ex. 117.

wic-steal, -es, st. m., camp, camp-
ing-ground, Ex. 92.

wid, adj., wide, vast, broad, long,
widespread, Ex. 42, 75, D. 121.
to widan feore= forever, Ex.
547.

wide, adv., widely, far and wide,
Ex. 39, 480, D. 628, 647.

wide-ferhj>, -es, st. m. and n.,
long life, long time. — for a
long time, Ex. 51, D. 407 (?).

wif, -es, st. n., woman, female,
(wife}, Ex. 576.

wig, -es, st. m., idol, image, tem-
ple, D. 201, 208.

wig, -es, st. m. and n., war, bat-
tle, skill in war, Ex. 176, 243.
wearj> wig gif en = success in
battle was given, D. 5.

wiga, -an, wk. m., tvarrior, sol-
dier, fighter, Ex. 188, 311, D. 5.

wig-bed, -es, st. n., altar, place
of sacrifice.

wig-biac, adj., brilliant in battle
gear, battle-shining, Ex. 204.

wig-bord, -es, st. n., battle-shield,
shield, Ex. 466.

wigend, -es, st. m. and part. , war-
rior, fighter, Ex. 180, 328.

vvig-gyld, -es, st. m., idol, shrine.

wig-le'bj*, -es, st. n., war-song,

battle-cry, Ex. 221.
wig -lie, adj., war-like, martial,
Ex. 233.

GLOSSARY.

143

wig-trod, -e, st. f., warlike expe-
dition, army, Ex. 491.

wih-gyld, -es, st. n., see wig-
gyld, D. 182.

wiht, -e, st. f., whit, thing, cus-
tom, wight, D. 146, 201, 468.

wild, adj., wild, savage, D. 389,
663.

wild-deb r, -es, st. n., wild beast,
beast, D. 505, 513.

willa, -an, wk. m., will, wish, de-
sire, joy. bad willan = awaited
the will, Ex. 551, D. 290, 581.

willan, pret. pres., wolde, to
wish, will, desire, Ex. 150, D.
203. se he wilier he who will,
Ex. 7 ; wolde == wolden, D. 214 ;
be willing to, D. 11 ; be about to,
Ex. 400, 411, 504, D. 85 ; future
sense, Ex. 527, 557.

wilnian, ode, od, (ede, ed), wk.
v., S. 2, M. 6, to wish, will, en-
treat, 215. wilnedan = wilne-
den, D. 222.

win, -es, st. n., wine, D. 696.

win-burg, -e, st. f., wine-city,
city of feasts, city, (Jerusalem},
D. 58. win-burh, beloved city,
D. 622.

wind, -es, st. m., wind, D. 278.

windan, wand, wunden, st. v.,
S. 3, M. 1, to wind, turn one's
self, twist, move, stir, fly, wave.
Mifas vf\mdon= standards icaved
over, Ex. 342.

windig, adj., windy, breezy, D. 349.

win-druncen, adj. (part.), wine-
drunken, drunken, D. 753.

wine-leas, adj., friendless, D. 569.

win-gai, adj., intoxicated, elated
with wine, joyous, D. 116.

winnan, wan(n), wunnen, st.
v., S. 3, M. 1, to strive, struggle,
fight, Ex. 514.

winsum, adj., see wynsum.
winter, -es, st. m. and n., winter ;

plu., years, seasons, D. 578.
winter-biter, adj., cold, wintry,

D. 379.

win-J>ege, -an, wk. f., see next.
win->egu, -e, st. f., wine-feast,

banquet, drinking, D. 17.
wis, adj., wise, knowing, saga-
cious, Ex. 377; (Solomon), Ex.

393, D. 418.
wisa, -an, wk. m., wise man,

guide, leader, Ex. 258, 540, D.

203.
wisau, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,

to point out, show, instruct,

guide, D. 35.
wisddm, -es, st. m., wisdom,

knowledge, D. 27, 96.
wisian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

6, to guide, instruct, Ex. 348.

See wisan.
wis-lic, adj., wise, sagacious, Ex.

526.

wis-lice, adv., wisely, D. 160.
wist, -e, st. f.,food, nourishment,

Ex. 130, D. 103.
wiste, see witan.
witan, pret. pres., wiste (wisse),

to know, know of, be acquainted

with, Ex. 29, 69, 291. ne wisse

= did not know of, Ex. 409, D.

125, 182.

wite, -es, st. m., punishment, dis-
tress, misery, Ex. 33, 140, D.

270, 523.

wit(e)ga, -an, wk. m., seer,
prophet, Ex. 000. witgean (ma-
gicians), D. 41, 149.
wite-r6d, -e, st. f., rod of pun-
ishment (?).
witian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.

, to prescribe, appoint, lay down,
, destined, witodre wyrde

144

GLOSSARY.

= appointed fate, Ex. 471. As
noun, witocles, Ex. 551, law.
Gr.

witig, adj., wise, cognizant, Ex.
25, 80, D. 404.

witig-d6m, -es, st. m., prophecy,
prediction, 1). 146.

wit(ig)ian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6, to prophesy, predict, D.
480, 546.

witod, adj., appointed, destined,
D. 576.

wi-trod, -e, st. f., an expedition.
See wig-trod, Ex. 303, 421, 491.

wi>, prep. w. gen., dat., and ace.,
with, against, from, before, at,
to, beside, by, for. (a) separa-
tion =from, away from, D. 21.
(ft) from, against = protection,
Ex. 20, 72, 224, 237, D. 279, 467.
(c) hostility = against, Ex. 514.
wi> (bone segn foran) = before,
Ex. 172.

wi>er-breca, -an, wk. m., antag-
onist, enemy, D. 566.

wi>-faran, f6r, faren, st. v., S.
2, M. 4, to escape, elude, come
away from, Ex. 573.

wlanc, adj., proud, haughty,
stately, rich, glad, Ex. 170, 486 ;
(of Nebuch.), D. 26.

wlanc, -e, st. f., pride, arrogance,
Ex. 204.

wlance, -es, st. m., see wlanc.

wlenco, see wlanc, D. 678.

wlite, -es, st. m., form, figure,
face, beauty, D. 240, 268.

wlite-se'bn, -e, st. f., sight, as-
pect.

wlite-scyne, adj., beautiful in
face, beautiful, D. 338(?). =
wlite-se~on.

wlitig, adj., beauteous, lovely, D.
286.

wlitl(g)an, ode, od, wk. v., S.

2, M. 6, to beautify, ennoble, D.

327.

w6d, see wadan.
w6d, adj., raging, mad, D. 616,

628.

wolc(e)n, -es, st. n., cloud, (wel-
kin}, Ex. 80, 298, D. 350, 624.
wolcen-faru, -e, st. f., flying of

clouds, cloud-drift or course, D.

379.
wom(m), -es, st. m. and n., spot,

stain, crime, sin, Ex. 532, D. 24.
w6m, -es, st. m., shouting, lamen-
tation.
w6ma, -an, wk. m., noise, tumult,

terror, vision, dream, Ex. 100,

202, D. 100, 118, 539.
won(n), adj., (icaii), dark, lurid,

black, Ex. 164.
wOp, -es, st. m., (hwe'bp), cry,

lamentation, weeping, (whoop},

Ex. 42, 200.
word, -es, st. n., word, speech.

wordum naegde = addressed, Ex.

23, D. 125 ; emphatic, wordum

secgaj>, Ex. 377, 437, 521, D. 97.
word-cwide, see next.
word-cwyde, -es, st. m., speech,

language, command, utterance,

D. 327, 537.
word-gle'aw, adj., word-clever,

fluent, D. 418.
word-riht, -es, st. n., written law,

law, Ex. 3, right word.
worhte, see wyrcan.
worn, -es, st. m., number, multi-
tude, great number, Ex. 56, 195,

D. 76, 325.
woruld, -e, st. f., world, Ex. 25,

D. 111. Also weoruld.
woruld-craeft, -es, st. m., earthly

wit, earthly wisdom, D. 364.

Also weoruld.

GLOSSARY.

145

woruld-dreain, -es, st. m., world-
joy, joy. woruld-clreama lyt —
little joy, Ex. 42.

woruld-ge-sceaft, -e, st. f ., earthly
creature, world, D. 332.

woruld-lif, -es, st. n., lifetime,
life in the icorld, D. 103.

woruld-rice, -es, st. n., kingdom
of the world, world, Ex. 365, 393,
D. 589.

woruld-sped, -e, st. f., success in
the world, success, D. 290.

wra(e)cu, -e, st. f., vengeance,
punishment, D. 309.

wraec, -es, st. n., exile, banish-
ment, misery ; (of Abraham), Ex.
383. on wrsec = into exile, D. 569.

wrsecca, -an, wk. m., an exile, a
fugitive, miserable one, (wretch} ,
Ex. 532, D. 634.

wraec-lie, adj., strange, wondrous,
foreign, Ex. 3, D. 270; Ex. 3-6,
appositive and parenthetical.

wraec-man (mon), -es, st. m.,
exile, fugitive, Ex. 137 (Israel).

wriest, adj., fixed, firm, lasting ;
comp., D. 182.

wraetlic, adj., ornamental, strange,
wonderful, Ex. 298.

wra>, adj., wroth, hostile. As
noun, Ex. 20.

wrecan, wraec, wrecen, st. v., S.

5, M. 1, to drive, force, expel,
avenge, D. 577.

wreccan, hte, wk. v., S. 2, M. 6,
to incite, arouse, D. 577.

wrec(ce), adj., exiled, miserable,
Ex. 532.

writan, wrat, writen, st. v., S.

6, M. 2, to write, record, D. 723,
727.

wrOht, -e, st. f. (m., -es), strife,
hostility, discord, reproach, sin,
harm, Ex. 147, D. 240.

wudu, -a, st. m. (-es), wood, D.
245.

wudu-belim, -es, st. m., forest
tree, tree, D. 499, 505.

wuldor, -es, st. n., glory, fame,
praise, Ex. 86, 100, D. 13, 59.

wuldor-cyning, -es, st. m., king
of glory, glorious king, God, D.
309, 427.

wuldor-faest, adj., glorious, fa-
mous ; (of Solomon), Ex. 390, D.
286.

wuldor-ge-steald, -es, st. n.
(plu.), glorious possessions,
riches, Ex. 588.

will dor-ham a. -an, wk. m., garb
of glory, brilliant robe, D. 338.

wulf, -es, st. m., wolf, Ex. 164.

wnlf-heort, adj., wolf-hearted,
cruel, hard-hearted, D. 116, 135.

wunden, adj., bent, twisted, D.
673.

wundor, -es, st. n., wonder, mar-
vel, miracle, Ex. 10, 108, 551,
D. Ill, 444.

wundor-lic, adj., strange, won-
drous, D. 634.

wunian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2, M.
6, to dwell, abide, last, accustom,
D. 123, 367.

wurdon, see weor J>an.

wur>an=wur>en; seeweor>an.

wur>ian, ode, od, wk. v., S. 2,
M. 6 (wurj>igean) , to esteem, re-
spect, honor, adorn, D. 182,208,
260. Also ede, ed.

wurjj-mynd, -e, st. f., honor,
dignity, D. 610. wur>-myndum
= in a dignified manner, Ex. 258.

wntan, wuton (with inf.), let us.

wyll, -es, st. m., icell, spring, D.
386.

wylla, -an, wk. m. (-e, -an, f.),
see wyll.

146

GLOSSARY.

wyllan, see willan.

wylm, -es, st. m., welling, surg-
ing, surf, flood, D. 214, 241;
surging (of flames}, D. 464.

wyn(n), -e, st. f., joy, pleasure,
delight, Ex. 531.

wynsum, adj., winsome, pleasing,
D. 347.

wyrc (e) an, worhte, ge-vvorht,
wk. v., S. 1, M. 2, to work,
make, create, establish, Ex. 25.
wyrce}> wseter = forms the water,
Ex. 282, D. 266 ; wyrcan = to
act (with impunity}, D. 591.

wyrd, -e, st. i.,fate, destiny; (of
God), Ex. 432, 457, 471, D. 132,
149, 471.

wyrm, -es, st. m., worm, Ex. 536.

wyrnan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M.
6, to refuse, deny, reject, pro-
hibit, Ex. 51.

wyrpan, te, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to rest, refresh one's self, recover,
return, wyrpten hie = rested
(threw themselves down), Ex.
130.

wyrresta, see yfel, D. 215, 305.

wyrt, -e, st. f., a root, herb, P.
499.

wyrt-(t)ruma, -an, wk. m., root-
stock, root, D. 516, 559, 581.

yean, yhte, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6, to

increase, enlarge, D. 318.

yfel, wyrsa, wyrst (wyrresta),
adj., D. 187.

yfel, -es, st. n. , evil, evil thing ; (of
hell), Ex. 537.

ylde, m. plu., men, people, hu-
manity, Ex. 436, D. 106, 112.

yldo, indec. f., age, old age, time,
era. yldo beam = men of the

time, Ex. 28; yldo=oZd age,
Ex. 539.

yldra, see eald.

yldran, -ena, plu. m., ancestors,
parents, D. 298.

yld(u), -e, st. f., see yldo.

ymb, prep. w. ace. and dat.,
around, about, at, Ex. 180, D.
248, 254. Temporal = about,
after, Ex. 63 ; causal = on ac-
count of, Ex. 145.

ymb-hweorft (hwyrft), -es, st.
m., rotation, environment, cir-
cuit, Ex. 26 ; circle of the earth,
Ex. 429.

ymb-utan, adv. and prep., about,
around.

ymb-wician, ode, od, wk. v., S.
2, M. 6, to encamp about, dwell
around, Ex. 65.

ymb-wicigean, see above.

ypping, -e, st. f., expanse, brim
yppinge, the brown expanses,
Ex. 498.

yrfe-laf, -e, st. f., heir, one left to
heir; (of Isaac), Ex. 403.

yrfe-weard, -es, st. m., heir, guar-
dian, Ex. 142.

yrm>, see yrmjm.

yrm)m, -e, st. f., distress, misery,
Ex. 265.

yrre, adj., wroth, Ex. 505, D. 210,
224. Also, wrong, erring, con-
fused.

yjmn, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to waste, destroy.

y]>(u), -e, st. f., wave, flood, bil-
low, Ex. 282, 288.

y>-laf, -e, st. f., wave-remnant,
sand, shore, Ex. 585.

ywan, de, ed, wk. v., S. 1, M. 6,
to show, reveal, announce, ap-
pear. J>e him ywed waes=:
which to him was revealed, D. 162.

OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH.

[ANGLO-SAXON.]

Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Poem.

(Vol. I. of the Library of Anglo-Saxon Poetry.)

Contains also the Fight at Finnsburh. With Text and Glossary on the
basis of Heyne's fourth edition, edited, corrected, and enlarged by
JAMES A. HARRISON, Professor of English and Modern Languages,
Washington and Lee University, and ROBERT SHARP, Professor of
Greek and English, Tulane University of Louisiana. Second Edition,
revised. 12mo. Cloth. x + 325 pages. Mailing Price, $1.25; Introduc-
tion, $1.12.

edition is designed primarily for college classes. It has
been recommended by Professors Dowden and Nicoll to their
classes in the Universities of DubKn and Glasgow.

F. A. March, Prof, of Anglo-Saxon,
Lafayette College : The best there is
for class use. (Nov. 2, 1885.)

Hiram Cor son, Prof. Eng., Cornell
Univ. : Altogether the one best adapt-
ed to the wants of American students.

Ccedmon's Exodus and Daniel.

(Vol. II. of the Library of Anglo-Saxon Poetry.)

Edited from Grein, with Notes and Glossary, by THEODORE W. HUNT,
Professor of Rhetoric and English Language in Princeton College.
Second Edition, revised. 12mo. Cloth. 121 pages. Mailing Price, 65
cents; Introduction, 60 cents. See also the Announcements.

edition is designed mainly for college classes, and includes
589 lines of the Exodus and 765 of the Daniel.

F. A. March, Lafayette College : It
is a matter of honest pride to see an

American publish a neat and conven-
ient edition of it.

Andreas: A Legend of St. Andrew.

(Vol. III. of the Library of Anglo-Saxon Poetry.)

Edited, with Critical Notes, by W. M. BASKERVILL, Professor of English
Language and Literature in the Vanderbilt University. Text and Notes,
viii + 78 pages. Paper. 25 cents. To be issued soon in Cloth, with
Glossary. See the Announcements.

OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH. 23

1^1 RIMM'S, Grein's, and Ramble's editions have been freely used.
^^ The chief canon of criticism followed has been to adhere to
the reading of the Ms. wherever it was possible.

T. W. Hunt, of Princeton College :
It is very neatly issued, and in text
and notes is highly satisfactory.

Modern Language Notes (J. W.

Bright) : The editor's work bears
the stamp of great «are and industry

An Old- and Middle-English Reader.

(Zupitza's Alt- und Mittel-Englisches Lesebuch.)

Translated and edited for the Library of Anglo-Saxon Poetry by Prof.
G. E. MACLEAN, Ph.D. (Lips.), of the University of Minnesota. The
Text, in paper, vi + 115 pages. The complete volume in the summer of
1888. See also the Announcements.

rpHE Text consists of two parts, — Old-English and Middle-
English. It is believed to be exceptionally accurate, the
manuscripts having been collated personally by Professor Zupitza.
The thirty-four pieces are typical as regards the language in its
different stages and the literature. They embrace poetry and
prose from the rise of the literature in England through the
Middle-English Period, — from Csedmon's Hymn to John Lyd-
gate's Guy of Warwick, — a period of seven hundred years. The
selections are short, and, when possible, entire ; they are arranged
chronologically, and at a glance reveal the changes in the language.
A new feature is the printing, in parallel columns, of specimens
for the study of the West Saxon, Northumbrian, and Mercian
dialects.

James A. Harrison, Prof, of
Modern Languages, English and
Modern History, Lexington, Va. : An
excellent piece of work, and beau-
tifully printed too.
(Nov. 10, 1886.)

B. W. Wells, Teacher of English
Literature, Friends' School, Provi-
dence, R.I. : I^think this promises to
be the most serviceable book we have
for the study of old English.
(Nov. 14, 1886.)

Chaucer's Parlament of Foules.

A revised Text, with Literary and Grammatical Introduction, Notes,
and a full Glossary. By T. R. LOUNSBURY, Professor of English in the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College. 12mo. Cloth. Ill pages.'
Mailing Price, 55 cents; Introduction, 50 cents.

F. J. Child, Prof, of English Lit- 1 is so good a book that I am inclined
crature in Harvard University : It I to slight even better poetry for it,

24

OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH.

Carpenter's Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Reader.

By STEPHEN H. CARPENTER, late Professor of Rhetoric and English
Literature in the University of Wisconsin. 12mo. Cloth. 212 pages.
Mailing Price, 70 cents; Introduction, 60 cents.

Carpenter's English of the XIV. Century.

By STEPHEN H. CARPENTER. 12mo. Cloth. 313 pages. Mailing Price,
$1.00; Introduction, 90 cents.

TLLUSTRATED by Notes, Grammatical and Philological, on
Chaucer's Prologue and Knight's Tale, and so forming an excel-
lent introduction to that author.

Beowulf, and The Fight at Finnsburh.

Translated by JAMES M. GARNETT, M.A., LL.D., Professor of the
English Language and Literature in the University of Virginia. With
Facsimile of the Unique Manuscript in the British Museum, Cotton.
Vitellius A XV. Second Edition, revised. 12mo. Cloth. 146 pages.
Mailing Price, $1.10; Introduction, $1.00.

Francis A. March, Prof, of Com-
parative Philology, Lafayette Col-
lege : This is the best translation so
far in our language, and will do
honor to American scholarship.

J. Earle, Prof, of Anglo-Saxon in
the University of Oxford, Eng. : It is
a very complete piece of work, bring-
ing the whole subject up to the very
front line of its progress.

An Old English Grammar.

By EDUARD SIEVERS, Ph.D., Professor of Germanic Philology in the
University of Tiibingen ; translated and edited by ALBERT S. COOK,
Ph.D. (Jena), Professor of the English Language and Literature in the
University of California. Second edition, revised and enlarged. 12mo.
Cloth, xx + 273 pages. Mailing Price, $1.25 ; for Introduction, $1.12.

TT is hoped that this version will be found not only to present
'" in English the most approved text-book on the subject, but to
present it in a form better adapted for the use of students, and in
some respects more in accord with the views of the best authorities.

F. J. Child, Pref. of Eng., Harvard
Univ. : It is an absolutely masterly
book, as would be expected of those
who have made it. (Feb. 4, 1888.)

C. J, Bichardson, Prof, of Eng.,

Dartmouth College : No more impor-
tant work is now accessible to the
student of the early grammatical
forms of our twelve-hundred-year-old
English language. (Feb. 28, 1888.)

OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH.

25

OPINIONS AND REVIEWS OF THE FIRST EDITION,

American Journal of Philology :
The well-recognized merit of Sievers'
unrivalled Angelsachsische Gram-
matik created an imperative demand
for an English version. That this
demand would be met was inevita-
ble; how it would be met was doubt-
ful. Delay and apprehension are
now happily removed by the appear-
ance of this volume.

The characteristic feature of Sie-
vers' work is its independence of
preceding Anglo-Saxon grammars,
and its dependence upon the most
authentic documents of the earliest
periods of the language, discrimi-
nated as to age and dialect. Prof.
Cook's leading purpose has been to
supply to our institutions of learning
a serviceable text-book. To this end
the requirements of a perspicuous
and idiomatic style, and of a clear
and consistent terminology, have
been well met.

In the distribution of the matter
and the variety of the type, such an
improvement of the original is ef-
fected as might in itself almost jus-
tify the new version.

Deserving of notice, moreover, is
the care with which Prof. Cook has
corrected many erroneous cross-ref-
erences, his amplification of the In-
dex, and his excellent modification
of the system of accentuation. We
need hardly add that the work is
worthy of general acceptance.

The Independent: It maybe said
to mark an era in the history of Old
or First English, somewhat as did
Thorpe's first edition of Rask's Gram-
mar (1830). Upon no scholar among
us could the work of presenting this
grammar in modern English form
have more appropriately fallen than
upon Prof. Cook.

The volume is a scholarly edition
of a scholarly original, and is not
only translated into English, but is
made as English in spirit and method
as such a work can be.

The Schoolmaster, London : Both
as a work of reference and as a text-
book, this volume is a valuable addi-
tion to the resources of the English
student.

Prof. Henry Johnson (Bowdoin

College) , in the " Andover Review " :
Every student of English owes a
great debt of thankfulness to Prof.
Sievers for making his Angelsach-
sische Grammatik. It was published
in 1882, and was recognized at once
as far superior in fulness and accu-
racy of treatment of the oldest Eng-
lish dialects to all preceding gram-
mars of the language. It was founded
on the prose literature. Since 1882
the most important contribution to
Old English grammar is the publica-
tion of emendations of his grammar.
Besides these materials, Prof. Cook
has incorporated in the American
edition the results of the work of
other scholars up to the present, and
has produced what is by far the best
Old English grammar to be had.

Charles F. Bichardson, Prof, of
Anglo-Saxon and English, Dart-
mouth College: Anglo-Saxon stu-
dents have been waiting with interest
for the work, and it is fortunate that
it has been translated by a competent
American scholar, himself a pupil of
the author.

W. D. McClintock, Professor of
English and Registrar, Chautauqua
University : I am greatly pleased
with Prof. Cook's translation of Sie-
vers' Old English Grammar, and
shall use it in our classes.

HIGHER ENGLISH.

(See also Classics for Children, pages 2 to 6.)

Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature.

Designed mainly to show characteristics of style. By WILLIAM MINTO,
M.A., Professor of Logic and English Literature in the University of
Aberdeen, Scotland. 12mo. Cloth. 566 pages. Mailing Price, $1.65;
Introduction, $1.50.

rilHE main design is to assist in directing students in English
composition to the merits and defects of our principal writers
of prose, enabling them, in some degree at least, to acquire the one
and avoid the other. The Introduction analyzes style : elements
of style, qualities of style, kinds of composition. Part First gives
exhaustive analyses of De Quincey, Macaulay, and Carlyle. These
serve as a key to all the other authors treated. Part Second takes
up the prose authors in historical order, from the fourteenth cen-
tury up to the early part of the nineteenth.

H. C. De Motte, Pres. of Chaddock
College, Quincy, III.: We are de-
lighted with it. It is one of the most
serviceable books I have seen on the
subject. I shall recommend it for
our work here. (Sept. 23, 1886.)

Hiram Corson, Prof, of English

Literature, Cornell Univ., Ithaca,
N. Y. : Without going outside of this
book, an earnest student could get
a knowledge of English prose styles,
based on the soundest principles of
criticism, such as he could not get in
any twenty volumes which I know
of. (May 14, 1886.)

Minto's Characteristics of the English Poets,

from Chaucer to Shirley.

By WILLIAM MINTO, M.A., Professor of Logic and English Literature
in the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. 12mo. Cloth. xi + 483 pages.
Mailing Price, $2.15 ; for Introduction, $2.00.

rnilE chief objects of the author are : (1) To bring into clear
light the characteristics of the several poets ; and (2) to trace
how far each was influenced by his literary predecessors and his
contemporaries.

10 HIGHER ENGLISH.

The Practical Elements of Rhetoric.

By JOHN F. GENUNG, PhJX, Professor of Rhetoric in Amherst College.
12mo. Cloth, xiv + 483- pages. Mailing Price, $1.40; for introduction,
$1.25; allowance for an old book in exchange 40 cents.

HPHE treatment is characterized by: —

1. Good Sense. The author, while suitably magnifying his
art, recognizes that expression is not a substitute for ideas, that
the how of speech is secondary to the what, that Rhetoric is only
means to an end, and that its rules and principles and devices
must be employed with caution and good sense.

2. Simplicity. Great care has been taken to free the treatment
from artificialities. The subjects are most logically ordered, but
not too minutely subdivided. So far as possible, terms are used in
their popular and usual sense.

3. Originality. In a subject so old and so thoroughly studied
each new treatment must take large account of what has been done
before. This the author has not failed to do. But principally he
has made his book from the study of literature at first hand. Tra-
ditional principles and rules have been discarded unless found to
rest on a basis of truth and practical value.

4. Availability. The treatment is throughout constructive. The
student is regarded at every step as endeavoring to make literature,
and is given just what is indispensable to this end. On every point
the main problems of construction are stated and solved. Again,
the work has been prepared not more in the study than in the class-
room, and the adaptation kept constantly in mind of every usage
and principle to the actual needs of the actual student.

5. Completeness. All of the literary forms have been given
something of the fulness hitherto accorded only to argument and
oratory. This method is clearly in line with modern requirements.
Part I. deals with style ; Part II. with invention. All questions
arising under both these divisions are fully considered.

6. Ample Illustration. Mere precept cannot help seeming
arbitrary. In the concrete it bears a different, a mofe intelligible,
and a more convincing look. Accordingly the author has pre-
sented no important principle without illustrations drawn from
actual usage. It is usage, too, of the best, the most standard
writers.

HIGHER ENGLISH.

13

Hudson's Expurgated Shakespeare.

For Schools, Clubs, and Families. Revised and enlarged Editions of
twenty-three Plays. Carefully expurgated, with Explanatory Notes at
the bottom of the page, and Critical Notes at the end of each volume.
By H. N. HUDSON, LL.D., Editor of The Harvard Shakespeare. One
play in each volume. Square 16mo. Varying in size from 128-253
pages. Mailing Price of each : Cloth, 50 cents; Paper, 35 cents. Intro-
duction Price: Cloth, 45 cents; Paper, 30 cents. Per set (in box),
$12.00. (To Teachers, $10.00.)

O OME of the special features of this edition are the convenient
size and shape of the volumes ; the clear type, superior press-
work, and attractive binding; the ample introductions; the ex-
planatory notes, easily found at the foot of the page; the critical
notes for special study; the judicious expurgation, never mangling
either style or story ; the acute and sympathetic criticism that has
come to be associated with Dr. HUDSON'S name ; and, finally, the
reasonableness of the price.

very mind and heart of " the thou-
sand-souled Shakespeare."

Byron Groce, Master in Public
Latin School, Boston : The amended
text is satisfactory; the typography
is excellent; the notes are brief, al-
ways helpful, not too numerous, and
put where they will do the most good ;
the introductions are vigorous, in-
spiriting, keenly and soundly critical,
and very attractive to boys, especially
on account of their directness and
warmth, for all boys like enthusi-
asm. (Jan. 22, 1887.)

C. T. Winchester, Prof, of English,
Wesleyan University : The notes and
comments in the school edition are
admirably fitted to the need of the
student, removing his difficulties by
stimulating his interest and quicken-
ing his perception. (Feb. 10, 1887.)

A. C. Perkins, Prin. of Adelphi
Academy, Brooklyn: In the prepa-
ration of the School Shakespeare,
Mr. Hudson met fully the capacities
and needs of students in our schools
and colleges. (Feb. 4, 1887.)

Oliver Wendell Holmes: An edi-
tion of any play of Shakespeare's to
which Mr. Hudson's name is affixed
does not need a line from anybody to
commend it.

Cyrus Northrop, Prof, of English
Literature, Yale College : They are
convenient in form and edited by
Hudson,— two good things which I
can see at a glance.

Hiram Corson, Prof, of Rhet. and
Eng. Lit., Cornell University : I con-
sider them altogether excellent. The
notes give all the aid needed for an
understanding of the text, without
waste and distraction of the student's
mind. The introductory matter to
the several plays is especially worthy
of approbation. (Jan. 28, 1887.)

C. F. P. Bancroft, Prin. of Phil-
lips Academy, Andover, Mass. : Mr.
Hudson's appreciation of Shake-
speare amounted to genius. His
editing accordingly exhibits more
than learning and industry, — it re-
veals insight, sympathy, and convic-
tion. He leads the pupil into the

14 HIGHER ENGLISH.

The series consists of the twenty-three plays enumerated below

We furnish of the Old Edition, in paper covers, the plays starred in the
following list (Mailing Price, 20 cents ; Introduction, 15 cents) : —

*A Midsummer-Night's Dream.8 *Henry the Fifth.2

*The Merchant of Venice.1 *Henry the Eighth.8

*Much Ado About Nothing.3 *Romeo and Juliet.3

*As You Like It.1 "Julius Csesar.1

Twelfth Night.1 *Hamlet.1

*The Tempest.2 *King Lear.2

The Winter's Tale.2 *Macbeth.2

King John. Antony and Cleopatra.1

Richard Second. *Othello.3

Richard Third.2 Cymbeline.8

*Henry Fourth, Part First.1 *Coriolanus.8
Henry Fourth, Part Second.1

Hudson's Three-Volume Shakespeare.

For Schools, Families, and Clubs. With Introductions and Notes on
each Play. 12mo. Cloth. 636-678
per volume, $1.40; Introduction, $1.

each Play. 12mo. Cloth. 636-678 pages per volume. Mailing Price,

.25.

The plays included in the three volumes respectively are indicated by
figures in the above list.

The Harvard Edition of Shakespeare's Complete

Works.

By HENRY N. HUDSON, LL.D., Author of the Life, Art, and Characters
of Shakespeare, Editor of School Shakespeare, etc. In Twenty Volumes;
12mo ; two plays in each volume ; also in Ten Volumes, of four plays
each.

RETAIL PRICES.

Twenty-vol. edition, cloth . $25.00 I Ten-vol. edition, cloth . . $20.00
Half-calf ..... 55.00 I Half-calf ..... 40.00

(J^pP Buyers should be careful in ordering not to confound the Har-
vard Shakespeare with an Old Edition made in 1851, and sold
under another name.

is pre-eminently the edition for libraries, students, and
' general readers. The type, paper, and binding are attractive
and superior, and the notes represent the editor's ripest thought.

HIGHER ENGLISH.

15

An obvious merit of this edition is, that each volume has two
sets of notes; one mainly devoted to explaining the text, and
placed at the foot of the page; the other mostly occupied with
matters of textual comment and criticism, and printed at the end
of each play. This arrangement is particularly suited to the con-
venience of the general student, who does not wish to hunt for an
explanation ; and to the wants of the special student, who desires
extended discussion of a difficulty.

E. P. Whipple, The Noted Critic :
Hudson's is the most thoughtful and
intelligent interpretative criticism
which has, during the present cen-
tury, been written, either in English
or German.

N. Y. Evening Express : The most
satisfactory and complete edition we
have.

N. Y. Tribune : As an interpreter
of Shakespeare, imbued with the
vital essence of the great English
dramatist, and equally qualified by
insight and study to penetrate the
deepest significance of his writings,
it would be difficult to name an Eng-
lish or American scholar who can be
compared with the editor of this
edition.

Hudson's Life, Art, and Characters of Shake-

speare (Revised Edition, 1882).

By HENRY N. HUDSON, LL.D., Editor of The Harvard Shakespeare, etc.
In 2 vols. 12mo. 969 pages. Uniform in size with The Harvard Shake-
speare, and matches it in the following bindings : —

Cloth
Half-calf

Retail Price, $4.00 per set.
8.00 "

fTlHESE two volumes contain: The Life of Shakespeare; An
Historical Sketch of the Origin and Growth of the Drama in
England; Shakespeare's Contemporaries ; Shakespeare's Art, discus-
sing under this head, Nature and Use of Art, Principles of Art,
Dramatic Composition, Characterization, Humour, Style, Moral
Spirit ; Shakespeare's Characters, containing critical discourses on
twenty-five of the Plays.

London Athenaeum : They deserve
to find a place in every library de-
voted to Shakespeare, to editions of

his works, to his biography, or to the
works of commentators.

16 HIGHER ENGLISH.

Hudson's Classical English Reader.

For High Schools, Academies, and the upper grades of Grammar Schools.
12mo. Cloth. 425 pages. Mailing Pri
Allowance for old book in use, 30 cents.

, , .

12mo. Cloth. 425 pages. Mailing Price, $ 1.10 ; Introduction, $1.00 ;
k in

TT contains selections from Bryant, Burke, Burns, Byron, Car-
lyle, Coleridge, Cowley, Cowper, Dana, Froude, Gladstone,
Goldsmith, Gray, Helps, Herbert, Hooker, Hume, Irving, Keble,
Lamb, Landor, Longfellow, Macaulay, Milton, Peabody, Scott,
Shakespeare, Southey, Spenser, Talfourd, Taylor, Webster, Whit-
tier, Wordsworth, and other standard authors, with explanatory
and critical foot-notes. This is a book that seems to merit a place
in every school of advanced grade below the college.

F. J. Child, Prof, of English in
Harvard University : A boy who
knew this book as well as boys who

are good for anything generally know
their readers, might almost be said
to be liberally educated.

Essays on Education, English Studies, and Shake-

speare.

By HENRY N. HUDSON, LL.D., the Eminent Shakespearian. Square
16mo. Paper. 118 pages. Mailing Price, 25 cents.

rpHE volume contains : The Preface to the new edition of Ham-
let, An Essay on " English in Schools," " Shakespeare as a
Text-Book" "How to Use Shakespeare in Schools."

Hudson's Text-Book of Poetry.

By H. N. HUDSON, LL.D. 12mo. Cloth. 694 pages. Mailing Price,
$1.40; Introduction, $1.25.

SELECTIONS from Wordsworth, Coleridge, Burns, Beattie,
Goldsmith, and Thomson. With sketches of the authors'
lives, and instructive foot-notes, historical and explanatory.

Hudson's Text-Book of Prose.

By H. N. HUDSON, LL.D. 12mo. Cloth. 636 pages. Mailing Price,
$1.40; Introduction, $1.25.

"OROM Burke, Webster, and Bacon. With sketches of the
authors' lives, and foot-notes, historical and explanatory.

HIGHER ENGLISH. 17

Hudson's Selections of Prose and Poetry.

Annotated. 12mo. Paper. Mailing Price of each, 20 cents ; Introduc
tion Price, 15 cents.

Edmund Burke. SECTION 1. Five Speeches and ten Papers. SEC-
TION 2. A Sketch of his Life. A Letter to a Noble Lord, and eleven
extracts.

Daniel Webster. SECTION 1. The Reply to Hayne, and six extracts
SECTION 2. A Sketch of his Life, and extracts from twenty-five
Speeches.

Lord Bacon. A Sketch of his Life, and extracts from thirty Essays.

Wordsworth. SECTION I. Life of Wordsworth, the Prelude, and thirty-
three Poems. SECTION II. Sixty Poems and Sonnets, accompanied
by foot-notes, historical and explanatory.

Coleridge and Burns. Biographies of the Poets, and forty-five Poems.

Add i son and Goldsmith. A Life of each, fifteen Papers from Addison,
and eleven Prose Selections from Goldsmith, with The Deserted Village.

Craik's English of Shakespeare.

Illustrated in a Philological Commentary on Julius Caesar. By GEORGE
L. CBAIK, Queen's College, Belfast. Edited, from the third revised
London edition, by W. J. ROLFE, Cambridge, Mass. 16mo. Cloth. 386
pages. Mailing Price, $1.00 ; Introduction, 90 cents.

%

A N exposition in regard both to the language or style of Shake-
speare, and to the English language generally.

Shakspere's Versification.

Notes on Shakspere's Versification, with Appendix on the Verse Tests,
and a short Descriptive Bibliography. By GEORGE H. BROWNE, A.M.
12mo. Paper. 34 pages. Price, interleaved, 25 cents.

Shakespeare and Chaucer Examinations.

Edited, with some remarks on the " Class-Room Study of Shakespeare,"
by WILLIAM TAYLOR THOM, M.A., Professor of English in Hollins In-
stitute, Va. Square 16mo. Cloth. 346 pages. Mailing Price, $1.10;
for introduction, $1.00.

FTIHIS is a revised and enlarged edition of the Two Shakespeare

Examinations, published several years and very much liked by

teachers of English Literature. That book contained two exami-

18

H1GHEK ENGLISH.

nations held at Hollins Institute in 1881, on Hamlet ; in 1882, on
Macbeth, for the annual prize by the New Shakespeare Society of
England. Besides these, there are in the new edition the Exami-
nations on King Lear (1883), on Othello (1884), on The Merchant
of Venice (1886) ; a Chaucer Examination (1886), set chiefly by
Professor Child, of Harvard University, and based upon the " Pro-
logue," " The Knight's Tale," and the " Nun's Priest's Tale " of
the Canterbury Tales ; and some additional remarks on the Study
of Shakespeare in Schools and in Shakespeare Reading Clubs.

W. M. Baskervill, Prof, in Van-
derbilt University, in the " Nashville
American": Many essays, newspaper
articles, lectures, and papers on the
teaching of English have in the last
ten or fifteen years appeared, but we
do not hesitate to give the palm to
this book. It is eminently practical.
Professor Thorn has availed himself
of all the hints, suggestions, and
methods offered by Hale, Hudson,
Abbott, Rolfe, and others, and by
means of a burning enthusiasm has,
as every true teacher must do in
order to win the highest success,
shaped theory and practice into a
perfect system of his own, from which
he gets the best results. These ex-
aminations give the high-water mark
of the study of English in the col-
leges of this country. . . . We heartily
recommend these examinations to
teachers. They are full of sugges-
tive information. They will serve
as admirable models.

Edward S. Joynes, Prof, of Eng-
lish, South Carolina College, Colum-
bia: This beautiful book is an honor
to American scholarship. I hope that
American scholars will show a just
appreciation of it.

Frank Roane, Teacher of English
Literature, High School, Lynchburg,
Va. : I found the first edition of this
little book most valuable and sug-
gestive, and from even a cursory

examination I am assured of the en-
hanced value of this one. For teach-
ers and pupils just entering the field
of Shakespearian study, — a class
largely on the increase in our land,
— this book will be found almost in-
dispensable.

Francis J. Child, Prof, of English,
Harvard University : No one can
fail to see that literature is taught
at the Hollins Institute in a way
altogether admirable. All the papers
show knowledge, taste, and thought,
and if anything remains to be added,
it is that they are all well written.
I agree with the author in all the
important points of his paper on
the study of Shakspere. Literature
is the one indispensable study for
women and for men, and Shakspere
in literature. I mean by Shakspere
about half his plays.

John F. Genung, Prof, of Rhet-
oric, Amherst College : The great
problem in the teaching of English
literature is, how to combine the req-
uisite thoroughness in detail on the
one hand with the larger interest
due to the spirit of the literature on
the other. Professor Thorn's book
outlines a method that, in my judg-
ment, very happily solves this prob-
lem ; and the really remarkable
examination papers here published
prove that the method has succeeded.

HIGHER ENGLISH.

19

Arnold's English Literature.

Historical and Critical.

With an Appendix on English Metres, and Summaries of the Different
Literary Periods. By THOMAS ARNOLD, M.A., of University College,
Oxford. American edition. Eeyised. 12mo. Cloth. 558 pages. Mail-
ing Price, $1.65; Introduction (with or without the following pamphlet),
$1.50; Allowance for old book, 40 cents.

The Anglo-Saxon and Norman Periods have been republished, from
the fourth revised English edition, and can be furnished in paper bind-
ing. Mailing Price, 30 cents; Introduction, 25 cents.

rpHE student of this manual will receive just impressions of the

relative value of names and books, as well as political and re-

ligious influences. Indeed, the adjustment and arrangement of ma-

terial are managed with wonderful dexterity and analytic clearness.

H. H. Morgan, Prin. of High
School, St. Louis, Mo.: I should
most fully recommend it to any
one whose interest in literature was

that of the student ; for he would
find much which could otherwise
be obtained only by extensive read-
ing.

First Two Boohs of Milton's Paradise Lost;

and Milton's Lycidas.

By HOMER B. SPRAGUE, Ph.D., formerly Principal of the Girls' High
School, Boston. 12mo. Cloth. 198 pages. Mailing Price, 55 cents; In-
troduction, 45 cents.

edition furnishes convenient and suggestive notes, with
excellent type and arrangement, and presents an approved
formula for conducting class exercises. It omits fifteen or twenty
objectionable lines.

William F. Warren, President of
Boston University : It seems to

me admirably adapted to its pur-
pose.

A Hand-Booh of Poetics.

For Students of English Verse. By FRANCIS B. GUMMERE, Ph.D.,
Head Master of the Swain Free School, New Bedford, Mass., and for-
merly Instructor in English in Harvard College. 12mo. Cloth, vi + 250
pages. Mailing Price, $1.10; for Introduction, $1.00.

rpHE book has three divisions, — Subject-Matter, Style, Metre.
Each is treated from two points of view, — the historical, trac-
ing the growth of different kinds of subject, of expression, or of

20

HIGHER ENGLISH.

rhythm; and the theoretical, stating clearly the principles and
laws of the matter discussed.

F. A. March, Prof, of English Lit-
erature, Lafayette College: An ex-
cellent book : a work of good sense
and good taste, and much learning
in small compass.

J. M. Garnett, Prof, of English
Literature, University of Virginia:
It has fulfilled my anticipations, and

it supplies a real deficiency in text-
books. I do not know, anywhere in
English, of a better treatment of the
subject.

F. J. Child, Prof, of English, Har-
vard College : I think you have an
exceedingly fine book in Mr. Gum-
mere's Poetics.

Outlines of the Art of Expression.

By J. H. GILMOBE, Professor of Logic, Rhetoric, and English, in the
University of Rochester, N.Y. 12mo. Cloth. 117 pages. Mailing Price,
65 cents ; Introduction, 60 cents.

A TREATISE on English Composition and Rhetoric, designed
"^ especially for Academies, High Schools, and the Freshman
Class in Colleges.

Fulton and Trueblood's Choice Readings.

From Popular and Standard Authors,

Compiled and arranged by ROBERT I. FULTON and THOMAS C. TRUE-
BLOOD, Associate Founders and Directors of the University School of
Oratory, Kansas City, Mo., and Teachers of Elocution in the Univ. of
Mich., the Ohio Wesleyan Univ., the Kentucky Univ., and the Missouri
State Univ. 12mo. 722 pages. By Mail, $1.65; Introduction, $1.50.
Presentation edition, stamped cover, full gilt, fine paper, $4.00 retail.

TTS distinctive feature is the number, variety, and interest of
" the pieces, classified according to their character, and covering
the entire range of available selections. Indices are given to
the best scenes from all the plays of Shakespeare, 139 choice
readings from the Bible, and 159 hymns, — all classified. A com-
plete diagram of the principles of vocal expression is added.

J. W. Churchill, Prof, of Elocu-
tion, Theological Seminary, An-
dover, Mass. : The excellent purpose
of the authors has been very success-
fully accomplished, both in the ex-
pository and illustrative material.
The selections are interesting— some-
times through novelty, but more
often because of their intrinsic worth.

Wm. B. Chamberlain, Instructor
in Elocution, Oberlin College, 0.:
They are choice indeed. I think I
do not know of any collection repre-
senting so many good authors and
so well arranged. The indices, espe-
cially that to scenes from Shake-
speare, form a very valuable addition
to the volume. (June 11, 1885.)

PR

Exodus and Daniel. 16C9<

(ed. Hunt.) ,H8