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CjEDMON'S 
METRICAL PARAPHRASE 

OF 

PARTS OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, 

IN Anglo-Saxon ; 

WITH 

AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, 

NOTES. AND A VERBAL INDEX, 

By benjamin THORPE, F.S.A. 

HBHBBB OF THE IBLANDIC LITBBAEV 80CIEIV OF COFBNBAQBN. 



LONDON : 

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON; 
AND SOLD BY BLACK, YOUNG AND YOUNG, 




PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, 

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 



PROSPECTUS OF A SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS 

OF 

ANGLO-SAXON AND EARLY ENGLISH LITERARY REMAINS, 

UXDEB THE SUFEBIXTENDBNCB OF A COMMITTEE OF 

THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. 



The publication of the Remains of Anglo-Saxon and Early English Literature 
existing in manuscript, with the addition of such as have been imperfectly edited, 
or have become 'extremely rare, has long been thought highly desirable by persons 
attached to the study of our national Antiquities and Language. For the small 
portion of Anglo-Saxon learning already rendered accessible to the student, we are 
in some measure indebted to foreign scholars ; and it has been deemed a subject 
of national reproach, that numerous Works of equal or greater importance (inclu- 
ding many interesting volumes of History, Poetry and Romance in the Anglo-Nor- 
man tongue,) should have still remained unpublished. To supply these deficiencies, 
it was lately proposed to establish a new society, and a subscription was set on 
foot to carry that object into execution. The promoters of this measure thought it 
right, however, to submit it to the Society of Antiquaries (of which many of them 
were Fellows), as being entirely in accordance with the purposes for which that 
Society was founded ; and it was, on mature consideration, determined by the 
Council, to recommend that the Society of Antiquaries should take upon them- 
selves the direction and execution of some of these Works, at their own expense, re- 
ceiving such a return for the outlay as the sale of them might afford. Accordingly, 
a Report to the above effect was laid before the Society ; and the following Resolu- 
tion having been suspended in the Meeting-Room, during the period prescribed by 
the Statutes, was confirmed by Ballot on Thursday, March 17, 1831: — 

Resolved, — That it appears highly desirable that this measure be undertaken 
by the Society of Antiquaries ; but, as its funds are inadequate to defray 
the whole expense, without interfering witli its other publications, on 
the ordinary terms of distribution among its Members, it appears expe- 
dient that copies of the intended publication be sold to the Fellows 
at half-price, and that an adequate price be fixed on copies for general 
sale ; by which it is expected that a great proportion of the expense 
would be reimbursed to the Society. 

For the purpose of carrying into effect the foregoing Resolutions, the Council, 

a 2 



IV 



PROSPECTUS. 



«t their next meeting, appointed a Committee, consisting of the present Officers, 
and nine other Members selected from the Fellows of the Society, viz. : 



The Earl of Aberdeen, K,T,, President. 
Hudson Gurney, Esq., V.P. 
Henry Hallam, Esq., V.P. 
Rt Hon. C. W. Williams Wynn, V.P. 
William R. Hamilton, Esq., V.P. 
Thomas Amyot, Esq., Treasurer, 
John Gage, Esq., Director. 

Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. 1 Secretaries. 
Henry Ellis, Esq. ) 

John Caley, Esq. 
Francis Douce, Esq. 
Edward Hawkins, Esq. 



J. H. Markland, Esq. 
J. H. Merivale, Esq. 
Francis Palgrave, Esq. 
Henry Petrie, Esq. 
Si^ Thomas Phillips, Bart 
Edgar Taylor, Esq. 

To whom have since been added 
The Rev. J. Forshall. 
Frederick Madden, Esq. 
W. Y. Ottley. Esq. 
Charles P. Cooper, Esq. 



The Committee have thought it desirable that Anglo-Saxon Works shall be 
printed in the ancient Characters, and be accompanied, in every case, with an En- 
glish Translation. 

The two first Works for publication are, 

1. Casdmon's Scriptural Paraphrase, edited from the Bodleian MS., by Benjamin 
Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. with an English Translation, Preface, and Notes. The Illu- 
minations, fifty in number, have been engraved by Mr. Basire, accompanied by 
fac-simile Specimens of the MS., and given to the Fellows of the Society in the 
twenty-fourth volume of the Archasologiaf with a Descriptive Notice of the MS. 
by Henry Ellis, Esq., which had been previously read at the Society's Meetings. 
Separate copies of the Engravings and Descriptive Notice have been struck off for 
sale. 

2. Layamon's Translation of Wace's Chronicle of the Brut, from the Cottonian 
MSS., Calig. A. ix. and Otho C. xiii., including the two Texts, to be edited by 
Frederick Madden, Esq. F.S.A., with an English Translation, Preface, and Notes. 
This Work will be comprised in Two Volumes Royal Octavo. The period of its 
publication will be announced hereafter. 

Those Fellows of the Society who are desirous of possessing either or both of 
ihese Publications, are particularly requested by the Committee to give tiieir names, 
at as early a period as they may find convenient, to Mr. Martin, at the Society's 
Librfiry. 

The Works will be printed by Mr. Richard Taylor, F.S.A., and the copies ^which 
are not disposed of to the Fellows of the Society, will be sold by Messrs. Black, 
Young and Young, 2 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden. 



TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 



Having been led by circumstances to the study of our 
old vernacular tongue, I naturally felt some desire to become 
acquainted with the works of one whom, justly or unjustly, 
I considered as the Father of English Song. Absence in a 
foreign land long prevented the gratification of this desire, 
beyond the perusal of a few extracts in the Rev. Mr. Cony- 
beare's ** Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry"*; but, on my 
return to England, having got access to a copy of the printed 
edition of the original text, I soon became convinced of the 
inaccuracy of that edition, and that the neglect which has 
hitherto attended the remains of this Milton of our forefathers 
is, partly at least, to be ascribed to the faulty and unsatisfactory 
manner in which they have been communicated to the public. 
It was therefore with impatience that I looked forward to the 
completion of the new edition announced by the reverend 
and learned Editor of the ** Illustrations "f ; nor until I had 
ascertained that he had abandoned the design, did I resolve on 
applying to the work, and endeavouring, as far as I was able, 
to supply what to me seemed a desideratum in our literature. 

This design would, however, have shared the fate of many 
others of a like nature, had not the Society of Antiquaries, 

* Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, by the Rev. J. J. Conybeare, 
M.A., &c. ; edited by his brother, the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, M.A., &c. 
London, 1826. 

t See Illustrations : Introduction, p. Ixxvii. 



vi TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

upon application to that learned Body, liberally undertaken 
to defray the expense, not only of editing and printing the 
work itself, but of engraving fac-similes of the illuminations 
which accompany the imique MS. of the poem preserved in 
the Bodleian Library*. 

* About the middle of the last century it was proposed to reprint Csed- 
mon, with a translation, and to have the illuminations engraved, under the 
patronage of the Society of Antiquaries ; but, from some causes which are 
not mentioned, the project was abandoned, though engravings were made 
from fifteen of the drawings, the original plates of which are in the pos- 
session of Mr. Ellis of the British Museum. The following letter from 
Edw. Rowe Mores to Dr. Ducarel (see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 
p. 403.) details the plans of the Saxonists of that period. 

" Queen's Coll. Oxon., Jan. 13, 1753. 
" Deab Sir, — ^The drawings you mention are not in our library, but in 
the Bodleian, in the MS. Csedmon which we have so often talked about. 
What we have lately discovered at our College is an index drawn up by 
Junius to his edition of Csedmon, which in the Bodleian Catalogue is said 
to have been stolen ; but we suppose, that as Junius's MSS. were formerly 
kept in a closet in the school-gallery, Mr. Thwaites might borrow it from 
thence ; and, it being afterwards found in. his study, was, with his other 
papers, inadvertently reposited in our archives. The Dean of Exeter* is 
very desirous that this index should be printed and annexed to the draw- 
ings : which, he says, he proposed to the Antiquarian Society to be en- 
graved at their expense ; but without success. I did myself at first think 
that this work might be published by our Society ; but, for some reasons 
which have since occurred to me, I am now of a different opinion. Mr. 
Lye has been at Oxford lately ; and Messrs. Wise, Lye, Ballard, and my- 
self, have held several consultations about reprinting Csedmon entire, with 
a translation, and adorned with all the drawings in the Bodleian copy. 
Mr. Lye seems inclined to undertake the translation; and Fletcher is 
willing to pay all expenses of printing, if we will engrave the drawings. 
Mr. Wise is about printing a dissertation on the true age of Caedmon, the 

* Dr. Charles Lyttelton^ afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, President of the So- 
ciety of Antiquaries. 



translator's preface. vii 

TTie text of the present edition is founded upon a careful 
collation of that of Francis Junius* with the Bodleian MS. 
In a" few places, where the latter is manifestly corrupt, re- 
course has been had to conjectural emendation ; this, however, 
has been very rarely ventured upon, and in no case without 
giving the reading of the MS. at the foot of the page. 

Though the present edition be freed from the inaccuracies, 
both editorial and typographical, in which the former one 
aboimds, yet the text of the manuscript itself is in numerous 
instances so corrupt as to admit only of conjectural inter- 
pretation f; and some few places have, I regret to say, baffled 
all my eflPorts even at conjecture. 

In the earlier part of the poem these inaccuracies are less 
frequent, and the sense continues unbroken, except in places 
where the MS. exhibits evident vestiges of mutilation ; but 
as we advance, errors and omissions thicken upon us, till at 
length, in the second book, we find little else thc^ a series 
of unconnected fragments^. 

dialects, and several other curious Saxon matters, which I hope will put 
some of us upon studyiqg this part of antiquity. I know of none at pre- 
sent who apply their studies this way but Mr. Buckler, who, though a 
Mallardian, is nevertheless, I believe, a diligent and a learned antiquary. 

** I am, dear Sir, yours very sincerely, 

" Edw. Rowb Mobss.'' 

* Csedmonis Monachi Paraphrasis poetica Grenesios ac prsecipuarum 
Sacrse Faunae Historiarum, abhinc annos m.lxx. Anglo- Saxonice con* 
scripta, et nunc primum edita a Francisco Junio, F.F. Amstelodami 1655. 

t The former part of the MS. I imagine to have been written from a 
copy, the latter frt)m dictation ; as it abounds precisely in such errors as an 
illiterate man, writing from recitation, might naturally be expected to com* 
mit. Some of these instances will be specified in the notes. 

I It is singular enough that, both in the MS. and in Junius's edition, 
these fragments appear on the page as entire parts of the poem, unnoticed 
aa fragments either by the Saxon scribe x>t the modem editor. 



viii TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

With respect to the question — whether these remains hre 
the genuine work of Gspdmon, or of some later bard ? — much 
has been said, and to little purpose. For my own part, I see 
no good foundation for doubt upon the subject; and not- 
withstanding the opinion of Dr. Hickes, and of others in 
deference to his authority, by whom the epithet of Pseudo- 
Caedmon has been bestowed on the author of the present 
poem, I feel inclined to regard the work as the production 
of the good Monk of Whitby ; due allowance being made for 
such interpolations, omissions, and corruptions of the original 
text, as Caedmon, in common with the classic authors of anti- 
quity, and still more with the vernacular writers of the middle 
i^es, may be supposed to have sufiFered at the hands of igno- 
rant transcribers. 

Hickes's principal reason for ascribing the work to a much 
later poet is its dialect and style, which he calls Dano-Saxon*, 

* ** Caedmone igitur abjudicandam Paraphrasin censeo quam ei inscribit 
vir maximus Fr. Junius, et tantum non adjudicat in observationibus ad 
Willeramum p. 248. Ibi earn vocat historiarum veteris testamenti peranti- 
quam Paraphrasin, dicitque innumera in ea oqpurrere quae penitiorem 
sapiunt antiquitatem. Denuo earn vocat reconditum antiquitatis thesau- 
rum ; eamque citaturus utitur plane Csedmonis nomine ; quasi, se judice, 
vere Csedmonis esset, qiiam citerioris aeculi po^ta aliquis Anglo- Saxonum 
septentrionaUs contexuit, Csedmonis, quoad opens argumentum, quisquis 
fiiit, non infelix imitator. Quod enim stylum genivunque operis attinet, is 
idem est in fragmento Historise Judith, Calendario, et in additamento illo, 
quod in fine Paraphraseos extat, p. 91, (hujusce editionisjp. 265,) quod tamen 
esse citerioris antiquitatis operis argumentum demonstrat: de descensu Jesu 
ad inferos, de perruptis ab eo infemi januis, de raptis ab eo inde animis» 
qui per Mariam Virginem opem et misericordiam ejus prius imploraverant." 
— Hickesii Thesaurus, p. 133. 

" Ante aliquot annos, literarum Saxonicarum instauratorem amplissi- 
mum D. Georgium Hickesium magna cum voluptate audivi de Caedmone 
disserentem et afiirmantem hujusce Paraphraseos auctorem non ilium fuisse 



k 



TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. ix 

Of this dialect I have not succeeded in tracing a vestige 
throughout the poem. In fact, from beginning to end, it 

Csedmonem divino inspiratum afflatu, de quo tot prseclara scripsit Beda 
Venerabilis in Historia sua Eccles. Gentis Anglorum : sed alium quendam 
Csedmone multo recentiorem, qui Poemata sua dialecto Dano-Saxonica 
condita, circa seculum a Christo nato dedmum edidit." — Wanley, p. 77. 

But the fullest account given by EGickes of tlie singular opinions which 
he entertained upon this subject, is contained in a letter written by him, in 
1699, to his friend Bishop Nicolson. This letter is here given entire, from 
the Correspondence of the latter, published by J. Nichols, F.S.A., vol. i. 

^'^^^' " London, April 25, 1699. 

" Deab Sib, — ^Your letter of March 30 was sent to me from Liondon to 
Oxford, which made me delay an answer to it till I returned to London 
again. As for the Cotton Harmony, though one may reasonably suppose 
the Saxon in Csedmon's tin^ie not to be much altered from the fibrst Teutonic 
Saxon, yet, upon considering the Gallo-Italic, or rather Franco-Italic, 
hand of the original, and that the fragment of the undoubted Csedmon in 
Bede seems not to be the same language with that book, I give it up to 
be Francic, and the most'antient piece yet discovered in the old Teutonic ; 
and, if subscriptions come in accordingly, I will print it in my book. As 
for Junius's Csedmon, I cannot yet believe it to be of the true Csedmon's 
composure. First, because the fragment in Bede, which was the begin- 
ning of the true Csedmon, is not the same in words, or order of words, 
with that of Junius's Csedmon ; but, being the same in sense, it seems to 
show that the author of Junius's Caedmon wrote in imitation of the true 
Csedmon, and was not the true Csedmon himself, no more than the author 
of the Additament at the end of the book ; though it must be confessed 
that the Additament hath a more recent air, at first sight, than the Para- 
phrase of Genesis, which makes the first part of the book. Secondly, the 
Menology, which is written in the same style and dialect, was written in 
Canute's reign, as seems to me from one expression at the latter end of 
it, before you come to the rambling dithyrambicks (I have not now my 
copy by me to quote the words), which is to this purpose : ' Now may 
you know how to observe the festivals through the whole British kingdom 
of the King of the Saxons ;' and I desire to know your opinion if that 
passage doth not fix the time of the Menologium. Thirdly, the victory of 
iEthelstan, Chron. Sax. an. 938, and the death of Edgar, an. 975, both 



X TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

is written (with the exception of some orthographical pecu-f 
liarities in the second book,) in Saxon as pure as the works 
of Alfred himself : and its Danisms have no existence out of 
the imagination of the learned author of the Thesaurus*. For 
the sake of argument, however, let us for a moment allow 
Hickes to be right, and that the dialect is Dano-Saxon, — 
what more can be made of the concession, than that the ori- 
ginal pure Saxon text is lost, and that what remains of the 
poem has been transmitted to us in a copy made by a scribe of 

« • 

written in the same style and dialect, are good arguments that the Para- 
phrase of Genesis ascribed to Csedmon was written about these times, that 
is to say, in the tenth century. Lastly, there are so many Dano-Saxonic 
words and phrases in it, that occur in pieces written not long before and 
a little after the Conquest, in such as are commonly called Semi-Saxonic 
MSS., that I cannot but think it was written by some Northymbrian (in 
the Saxon sense of the word,) after the Danes had corrupted their language. 
Among others, o for the Cimbric proposition a, in, occurs in him, which 
is general in Anglo-Nortmannic books written shortly after the Conquest ; 
as I have shown in the Chapter ' De Dialecto Nortmanno-Saxonica, sive 
Anglo-Nortmannica ;' which, though when I began it I thought would 
have afforded but little matter of speculation, yet hath it carried me iato 
large theories; and could I have foreseen whither your proposal of a 
chapter * De Dialecto Dano-Saxonica' would have led me, I should never 
have had courage to have ventured on the work. Whatever is written in 
the second edition, the world is beholden to you for it ; and I doubt not 
but it would have been much better done, could I have had your help and 
directions, as well as your encouragement. 

" I pray God to preserve you in health, and remain, Sir, your most 
obliged humble servant, G. H." 

* I am not aware of any traces of Danish influence on our old mother 
tongue, except ia the Glosses to the Four Gospels and the Psalms^ MSS. 
Cott. NeroD. 4. and Vesp. A. 1., written in the dialect of Northumbria ; 
the Ormulum, MS. Bodl., the name of the author of which, Orm, would 
also seem to indicate a Scandinavian origin ; and the Fragment of Csedmon 
given at p. xx. note. 



TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. ix 

Northumbria, at a period when the dialect of that part of En- 
gland had become corrupted by intermixture with the language 
of its Scandinavian invaders and colonists ? * The identity of 
the poem would nevertheless still be preserved. But that an 
entire, and, for its time, beautiful, poem, corresponding, as far 
as we can judge from what time has spared to us, in every 
particular with the account given by Beda in his life of 
Csedmon,-— that such a poem is the production of another, 
and comparatively recent, bard, is a proposition too gratui- 
tous and improbable to be entertained by any one with whom 
adherence to a favourite hypothesis is not paramount to right 
reason. 

In King Alfred's Saxon Version of Beda's History the lines 
are given which Csedmon is reported to have composed in his 
dream. These have, by Dr. Hickes and others, been consi- 
dered as the only genuine fragment extant of Csedmon's 
work : but when we reflect that the lines in question appear 
in Beda's original text only in a Latin translation, which Alfred 
in his version^ instead of giving the original Saxon as written 
by Csedmon, seems to have retranslated, they rather furnish 
additional proof in favour of the genuineness of the poem ; 
the variations between them and the lines with which the 
poem opens, being such as might naturally be expected to exist 
between an original composition and a retranslation from a 
translation of it. 

The original MS. of the poem, preserved in the Bodleian 
Library, is a small parchment volume in folio, containing two 

* That 6opies of parts of the poem, at least, existed in such varieties of 
dialect, is highly probable from the specimen in the MS. Eliens., given 
both in Wanley, and in Smith's edition of Beda's Ecclesiastical History, 
and reprinted in the present volume, p. xx. 



xii TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

hundred and twenty-nine pages ; the first two hundred and 
twelve of which are written in a fair, though not elegant hand, 
apparently of the tenth century. The remaining seventeen 
pages, forming a Second Book, are in an inferior hand- 
writing : and as the orthography used in this part of the poem 
is less pure, and the language less grammatical than in the 
first part, it is perhaps* to be considered as less ancient. 
Of the history of this MS. nothing more, I believe, is 

* I B9.J perhaps, knowing how difficult it is to decide ^p6n' the age of a 
SaxOn MS. from any peculiarity of oithography, and that place has, in this 
respect, an influence as great as time. In fact, Saxon MSS. ought to be 
locally classed, before any atteinpt be made at chronological arrangement ; 
nor will this appear strange when we consider, that in early times the se- 
veral divisions of the kingdom were, comparatively speaking, almost like 
foreign countries to each other ; that in ^ome parts the Saxon must have 
continued uninfluenced by foreign idioms much longer than in others; 
that the various provincial dialects must have been much more strongly 
marked than they are at present, and that they were all equally employed 
in Hterary composition. A case m point is the specimen of the Kentish 
dialect, as it appears in a MS. from the Arundel collection. No. 57, now 
in the British Museum. The date is 1340, and yet tiie language may still 
be termed Semi- Saxon. In proof of the above, let any one compare the 
following extracts with the courtly, frenchifled English of Chaucer : 

Nou ich wilie fet ye y wyte hou hit if y went 

pet fif boo if y write mid engUff of Kent. 

pif boo if ymad uor iewede men | 

Vor uader | and uor moder | and uor ofer ken | 

Ham uor to ber3e uram alie manyere zen | 

pet ihe hare inwytte ne bleue no uoul wen, 

Huo afe god if hif name yzed | 

pet J^ifboc made God him yeue ]>et bread | 

Of anglef of heuene and ]7^o his red | 

And onderaonge hif zauie huanne yet he if dyad. 

Amen. 

Ymende . pet fif boo if uolueld ine >e eue of f e holy apoftlef Symon an 



TRANSMTOR'S PREFACE. xiii 

known, than that it was th^ property of Archbishop Usher, 
who presented it to Juniua, by whoin, with the rest of hii^ 
MSS,, it was bequeathed to the Bodleian Library. 

This work, as the reader is ojready aware, was first given 
to the world by the learned foreigner above named, in a small 
quarto, printed at Amsterdam in 1655, containing the Saxon 
text, unaccompanied by translation or notes. Of a scholar 
so celebrated as Junius, it will doubtless to many seem pre- 
sumption in me to speak in terms other than those of un- 
qualified deference; nor am I able or inclined to detract 
aught from his high reputation as a profound and laborious 
investigator of antiquity in general ; but I cannot avoid no- 
ticing that the text of his edition contains numerous errors. 
In the manuscript, for instance, the metrical point is of fre- 

Judaf I of ane broker of >e dioyftre^ of faynt Aaftin of Canterberi | Ine >e yeare 
of onre Ihordef beringe • 1340. 

Vader oure J^et art in heuenef | yhal^ed by >i name . cominde yi riche . ywor>e 
(i wil I afe ine beuene . and ine er])e . bread oure eche dayef . yef ouf to day . and 
uoriet ouf oure yeldingea . afe and we uorlete]? oure yelderef . and ne ouf led 
na3t in to uondinge. Ac vri ouf uram queade. 

Zuo by hit. 

Hay I Marie | of (onke uol . Ihord by mid >e . ybliffed J^ou ine wymmen • and 

ybliffed ]>et ouet of >ine wombe . 

Zuo by hit. 

pia boc is Dan Michelis of Nor])gate | y write an englis of his oBene hand . 
>et hatte Ayenbyte of inwy t. And is of the bochoufe of faynt Auftines of Can- < 
terberi • mid J^e lettres C: C: 

For my knowledge of this very curious MS., as well as for the com- 
munication of the foregoing extracts, I am indebted to the kindness of 
Mr. Joseph Stevenson, of the British Museum, a gentleman from whom we 
may one day hope for a local classification of our Saxon MSS., as fax as 
such an undertaking is practicable. 

« Sic MS. 



xiv TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

quent, though by no means of constant, occurrence, and is 
in most instances inserted correctly ; while in the printed edi- 
tion it is often so placed as to destroy both sense and allite- 
ration, by separating words in connexion, and vice versd ; so 
that, in many instances, passages sufficiently plain in the ma- 
nuscript become totally unintelligible in Junius's edition. 

The present edition may lay claim at least to one merit, — 
that of exhibiting a faithful text. The metrical arrangement 
will also, I trust, be in general found correct. Of my version, 
which I have endeavoured to make literal, and at the same 
time free from harshness, I am less confident. That in many 
places it will be found exceptionable I have no doubt ; but I can 
assure my readers, that in all cases of difficulty I have invariably 
given that interpretation which appeared to me best to accord 
with the context, and with the structure of our ancient tongue. 
In places where the manuscript is evidently corrupt, my trans- 
lation is generally made from what I conjectured might be 
the true reading, and which I have indicated in the notes. 
Where the version is merely conjectural, the Italic character 
has been adopted. 

In the accentuation, which confirms in almost every case 
the theory of Professor Rask*, I have followed the authority 
of manuscripts, and, except in a very few instances, that of 
the manuscript of Caedmon itself. 

The First Book of the poem, being a paraphrase of parts of 
the Old Testament and Apocrypha, needs no analysis, and its 
merits and defects naust speak for themselves. Of the Second 
Book, of which only a few fragments have escaped the de- 
structive hands of time and ignorance, a considerable portion 
seems to have been occupied by the descent of our Saviour 

* See my Translation of Rask's Anglo-Saxon Grammar, p. 4, & seqq. 



TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. Xv 

to the infernal regions, or, as it is termed by the earlier 
writers, the Harrotving of Hell. Had this part of the poem 
been entire, it would have been desirable to subjoin such 
extracts from works, printed and in manuscript, as might 
have served as a commentary upon this our earliest produc- 
tion on the subject ; but, in its present corrupt and mutilated 
state, such an addition seemed unadvisable, especially as the 
works treating of this favourite theme of our ancient dramatic 
mysteries are neither few nor difficult of access. 

I have given as "a Supplement, the " Song of Azariah," 
copied from that unique and venerable collection of Saxon 
poetry, the Exeter Manuscript* ; which, being evidently 
an extract from a more correct MS. of Csedmon than the one 
preserved to us, is both valuable and interesting, as throwing 
considerable light on the text of the latter. The same MS. 
contains also the ** Song of the Three Children," but with 
variations so considerable from that given in the Junian MS. 
as to render its insertion unadvisable. 

With the other MSS. of Junius, in the Bodleian Library, 
is preserved his verbal index to Caedmon : whether it be com- 
plete or not, I am unable to say ; but being adapted to the 
pages of his edition, to that edition only can it be appli- 
cable. The index subjoined to the present volume will, it is 
hoped, in addition to its general utility, be found particularly 
beneficial to Scholars engaged in pursuits connected with the 
literature and language of the Anglo-Saxons. 

It would ill become me, were I to dismiss this preface 
without due acknowledgement to the Reverend Bulkeley 
Bandinel, D.D., Keeper of the Bodleian Library, for much 

* For an interesting description and analysis of the Exeter MS. see 
Conybeare's Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry. 



xvi TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 

kind and prompt attention while I was engaged in that vene- 
rable storehouse of the wisdom and learning of past ages. 
To the Reverend W. D. Comybeare, M.A., I also feel a 
grateful sense of obligation, for his unsolicited kindness in 
sending me his own interleaved copy of Csedmon, containing 
his translation of a considerable portion of the poem. To 
my excellent friend Mr. Richard Taylor, a true lover of old 
English lore, my thanks are likewise due, for many valuable 
suggestions, as well as for the kind interest he took in the 
work while it was passing through his press. 

Csedmon's Paraphrase, with all its beauties and all its faidts, 
is thus, for the first time, before the public in an English 
garb. Those readers who may rise disappointed from the 
perusal shoidd reflect, that he is our earliest poet ; that he 
lived (himself a herdsman,) when all around him was barba* 
rism ; and that these his mangled remains are all that Time 
has spared to us. 



PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 



FRANCISCUS JUNIUS AD LECTOREM. 

SuPBRVACUUM essetj Lector benevole, pluribus verbis hoe in 
loco repetere^ quse non ita pridem de Paraphrasios hujus Authore 
attigip.248 Observationum nostrarum inWilleramum*; ubi quoque 
prseclarum hunc recondite antiquitatis thesaurum acceptum fero 
summo Prsesuli et nunquam non infra merita sua laudato^ Iacobo 
UssERio^ Archiepiscopo Armacbano et totius Hibernian Primati. 
Per velim interim^ mi Lector^ abs te mihi ignosci quod editio hsec, 
ex uno tantum exemplari concinnata^ prodit inemendatior ; futura 
forte correctior^ si plures antiqua manu exaratos codices videre 
contigisset. Ne quis tamen uUa in re operam nostram desideraret^ 
paginas ipsius Manuscripti adversis ubique virgulis inclusi^ quo 
' facilius banc nostram editionem cum ipsis reverendi Antistitis 
vett. membranis conferant, quibus pretium operse videbitur. Sin- 
gulas quoque editionis hujus paginas in liueas distinxi^ quo expe- 
ditius inveniri possint loca quse posthac a nobis ex hoc Authore 
citabuntur, et nostras quoque in eum observationes^ Deo Opt. Max. 
vitam viresque largiente^ suis ubique paginis lineisque commodius 
adaptem. 

Vale^ mi Lector^ atque hac interim qualicunque opera nostra 
propitius fruere. 

♦ The following is the passage, " perantiqua ilia Geneseos ac prsecipuarum 

Vet. Testamenti historiarum paraphrasi poetica, cujus mihi copiam benigne pror- 
sus fecit vir maximus Jacobus Usserius, Archiepiscopus Armachanus et totius 
Hibemise Primas, de qua paraphrasi hoc tantum hie monebo ; inoumera in ea 
passim occurrere, quse penitiorem sapiunt antiquitatem, et quoniam ipse stilus ac 
totius operis cum argumentum tum genius ex amussim respondent isti veteris po- 
esios specimini quod adduxit Yen. Beda lib. iv. Hist. Gentis Anglorum, cap. 24. 
ipse quoque posthac aliquid ex nobilissimo reconditee antiquitatis thesauro cita- 
turus, utar nomine istius Csedmon (in Anglo-Saxonica Regis Alvredj paraphrasi 
est Cebmon vel Caebman) quem sacrse illius poesios authorem facit Beda 
ibidem," 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CEDMON, 



FROM 



BEDA'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY; 



WITH 



KING ALFRED'S ANGLO-SAXON TRANSLATION* 



In hujus Monasterio Abbatissse (Hildse) fuit Frater quidam divina 
gratia specialiter insignis^ quia carmina religioni et pietati apta 
facere solebat j ita ut quicquid ex divinis Uteris per iiiterpretes 
disceret^ hoc ipse post pusillum, verbis poeticis maxima suavitate 
et compuiictione compositis^ in sua^ id est Anglorum^ lingua pro- 
ferret. Cujus carminibus multorum ssepe animi ad contemptum 



On J^iffe abbubiffan* mynfCjie** 
paBf jnim bpo^op fynbeplice mib 
jobcunbjie jype jemaepeb *] je- 
peop|?ab. popJ?on he jepunabe je- 
pipenhce leo^S pyjicean fa J?e to 
aejiaeffcnefpe j to dppaeftnejje 
belumpon ppa ^te ppa hpaet ppa 
he op jobcunbum ptapum ]?ujih 
bocepap jeleopnabe f he aeptep 
mebmiclum paece m pceop-je- 
peopbe mib J?a maeptan ppetneppe 
^ mbpybneppejejlencbe*"] m en- 
jhpc jepeopbe pel jehpaep pop'S- 
bpohte. •] pop hij- leo^-j'onjum 
moni^a monna m<5b opt to 

» Hilbe. ^ Stjieanexhalh. 



In this Abbess's i Minster^ was 
a certain brother extraordinarily 
magnified and honoured with a 
divine gift ; for he was wont to 
make fitting songs which con- 
duced to religion and piety; so 
that whatever he learned through 
clerks of the holy writings, that 
he, after a little space, would 
usually adorn with the greatest 
sweetness and feeling, and bring 
forth in the English tongue; 
and by his songs the minds of 
many men were often inflamed 



iHUda. 



2 Whitby. 



* The Saxon text is chiefly taken from a MS. in the Library of C. C. C. Oxon, 

b 2 



XX 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. 



sseculi^ et appetitum sunt vitae caelestis accensi. Et quidem et 
alii post ilium in gente Ariglorum religiosa poemata facere tenta- 
baut ; sed nuUus eum sequiparare potuit. Namque ipse non ab 
hominibus neque per hominem institutus canendi artem didicit; sed 
divinitus adjutus gratis canendi donum accepit. Unde nihil unquam 
frivoli et supervacui poematis facere potuit ; sed ea tantummodo 
qusB ad religionem pertinent, religiosam ejus linguam decebant. 
Siquidem in habitu sseculari usque ad tempora provectioris setatis 
constitutuSy nihil carminura aliquando didicerat. Unde nonnun- 
quam in convivio, cum esset laetitise causa ut omnes per ordinem 



popolbe pophonejye *] to j^epeob- 
neff e 'psey heoponlican lijzef on- 
baepnbe paepon. Onb eac ]7ylce 
monije oJ?pe aepcep him in on jel- 
J^eobe onjunnon aejiaeffce leo^ 
pypcan. ac naenij hpaej^jie him f 
jelice b<5n meahte. }:op]>on he 
nalaef ppom monnum ne J^uph 
mon jelaepeb paej- f he j^one 160*8- 
cpaeffc jeleopnabe* ac he paej* 
jobcunblice sepiltumob 'j J^uph 
jobef jype J?one ponj-cpaept on- 
penj. onb he popJ?on naef-pe noht 
leaj'un ja ne ibelep leoj^ep pypcan 
meahte* ac epne 'pa, an pa. pe to 
aepaeptnejje belumpon ^ hip J^a 
aepaeptan tunjan jebapenobe pm- 
jan. paep he pe mon in peopulb- 
habe jepeteb 0*8 pa. tibe pe he 
paep jelypebpe ylbo ^ he naeppe 
aenij leo^ jeleopnabe. *] hepop- 
]7on opt m jebeopjxipe |;onne 
J^aep paep blippe mtmjan jebemeb 
f hie ealle pceolben j^uph enbe- 



with contempt for the world, 
and with desire of heavenly life. 
And, moreover, many others 
after him, in the English na- 
tion, sought to make pious 
songs; but yet none could do 
like to him, for he had not been 
taught from men, nor through 
man, to learn the poetic art; 
but he was divinely aided, and 
through God's grace received 
the art of song. And he there- 
fore never might make aught of 
leasing or of idle poems, but 
just those only which conduced 
to religion, and which it be- 
came his pious tongue to sing. 
The man was placed in worldly 
life until the time that he was 
of mature age, and had never 
learned any poem ; and he there- 
fore often in convivial society % 
when, for the sake of mirth, it 
was resolved that they all in 



^Literally Beership, see Leges Inse apud Wilkins^ p. 16 ; and Tacit. Germ. 22, 23. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. 



XXi 



cantare deberent^ ille, ubi adpropinquare sibi citharam cernebat^ 
surgebat e media coena et egressus ad suam domum repedabat. 

Quod dum tempore quodaui faceret^ et relicta domo convivii 
egressus esset ad stabula jumentorum^ quorum ei custodia noete 
ilia erat delegata^ ibique hora competent! membra dedisset sopori, 
adstitit ci quidam per somnium^ eumque salutans, ac suo appellaiis 
nomine : "Caedmon," inquit^ "eanta mihi aliquid/' At ille respon- 
dens^ "Nescio," inquit, "cantarej nam et ideo de convivio egressus 
hue secessi^ quia cantare non poteram/^ Rursum ille qui cum eo lo- 
quebatur, ^^Attamen,*' ait, "mihi cantare habes/* "Quid," inquit, 



byjibnejje be heajipan pnjan. 
'Sonne he jef eah ]?a heajipan him 
nealsecan* ]?onne ajiaf he jioji 
fcome ppom J?am j-ymble *] hdm 
eobe to hif hufe. 

Da he f |?a f umjie tibe bybe f 
he foplet f huf J?«j' jebeop- 
j'Cipej' •] tit psef jonjenbe* tx) 
neat a fcypene. j^apa heopb him 
paef ]?aepe nihte beboben* 'Sa 
he l^a l^aep m jelimphcpe tibe 
hif limo on pepte jej-ette *] 
onflaepte- J?a jv6b him pim 
mon 8Bt J?uph fpejin ^ hme ha- 
lette •] jjiette *] hme be hif na- 
man nembe* Caebmon pnj me 
aethpepi. pa anbppapobe he 
•] cpae'S, ne con ic noht pnjan 
3 ic pop|?on oj: j^ypj'um jebeop- 
fcipe uc-eobe *} hibep jepdt 
pop]?on ic noht cu^e. Gpt he 
cpae^ f e "Se mib him f ppecenbe 
paBf hpae^Sepe |?u meaht me 
pnjan. Cpa&^S he hpret pceal ic 



turn should sing to the harp, 
when he saw the harp approach- 
ing him, then for shame he 
would rise from the assembly 
and go home to his house. 

When he so on a certain time 
did, that he left the house of the 
convivial meeting, and was gone 
out to the stall of the cattle, the 
care of which that night had 
been committed to him, — when 
he there, at proper time, placed 
his limbs on the bed and slept, 
then stood some man by him, in 
a dream, and hailed and greeted 
him, and named him by his name, 
[saying] ^^Caedmon, sing me 
something." Then he answered 
and said, " I cannot sing any 
thing, and therefore I went out 
from this convivial meeting, and 
retired hither, because I could 
not." Again he who was speaking 
with him said, " Yet thou must 
sing to me." Said he, " What 



xon^en 



XXll 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. 



€i 



debeo cantare? *' At ille, ^^Canta," inquit, ^' principium creatura- 
rum." Quo accepto responso^ statim ipse coepit cantare in laudem 
Dei Conditoris versus quos nunquam audierat^ quorum iste est 
sensus : ^* Nunc laudare debemus Auctorem regni caelestis^ poten- 
tiam Creatoris, et consilium illius^ facta Patris glorise. Quomodo 
ille^ cum sit eternus Deus^ omnium miraculorum auctor exstitit^ qui 



pnjan. Cpae^S he pnj me fjium- 
fceapc. Da he )?af anbj^ajie on- 
penj. ^Sa onjan he fona pmjan 
m hepeneffe jobep pcyppenbep . 
]?a pepf •] )?a popb )?e he nreppe 
ne jehyjibe. ^ajia enbebJTibnep 
ip )?ip. 

' Nu pe pceolan hepian. 
heopon-plcep peapb. 
metobep mihte* 
•] hip mob-jej^onc. 
pepa^ pulbop-paebep- 
lysL he punbpa jehpaep. 
ece bpyhten. 
oojib onptealbe* 
he a6pept jepceop. 
eopiSan beapnum* 



shall I sing?" Saidhe^ "Sing me 
the origin of things." When he 
received this answer, then he be- 
gan forthwith to sing, in praise of 
God the Creator, the verses and 
the words which he had never 
heard, the order of which is this : 

'^ Now must we praise 

the Guardian of heaven's king- 

the Creator's might, [dom, 

and his mind's thought ; 

glorious Father of men 1 

as of every wonder he. 

Lord eternal, 

formed the beginning. 

He first framed 

for the children of earth 



* " Ad finem MS.'JE/ten*. Carmen hoc sic se habet : 



Nu jcylun hejijan . 
hej:8en jiicaej uard . 
metudaejr maecri . 
enb hi J mob-jibanc . 
uejic-uulbuji jrabuji . 
jue he uunbjia jihuaej. 
eci bjiyctrm*. 
oji ajrelidae. 
he aejiijt: jcop^. 



aelba bajinum'. 
heben til hjiojre . 
hali;^ jcepen. 
fa mibbun^eajib , 
mon-cynnsejr uajid. 
eci bjiyctin. 
sejzteji tiabee. 
pjium j:old®. 
j:jiea allmecti^ : • 



10 



15 



Primo cantavit Csedmon istud carmen." — Smith. 
^ Sic Cod. C. C. C, vulgo jeojic. 



^ bjiictin, Wanley. 
* hale3, W. 



2 he ae/iij-t jcopa, W. 
* jrolbu, W. 



8 elba bajinum, W. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. 



XXIU 



primo filiis hominum caelum pro culmine tecti, dehinc terrain Gustos 
humani generis omnipotens creavit/' Hie est sensus^ non autem 
ordo ipse verborum qu«e ddrmiens ille canebat : neque enim pos- 
sunt carmina^ quamvis optime composita^ ex alia in aliam linguam^ 
ad verbum^ sine detrimento sui decoris ac dignitatis^ transferri. 

Exsurgens autem a somno^ cuncta quse dormiens cantaverat, 
memoriter retinuit^ et eis mox plura in eundem modum verba Deo 
digni carminis adjunxit. 

Veniensque mane ad villicum qui sibi praeerat, qidd doni perce- 
pisset indieavit ; atque ad abbatissam perductus^ jussus est^ multis 
doctioribus viris prsesentibus^ indicare somnium et dicere carmen^ 



heopon fco hpdfe* 
halij fcyppenb. 
)>a mibbanjeapb. 
moncynnef peapb. 
ece bpyhcen. 
aejitep teobe- 
ppum polban. 
fjiea aelmihcij. 

Da apdf he ppom flaepe *] eall 
J>a |?e he flaepenbe j'onj }:aejt:e 
m jemynbe haepbe. 'j j^am pop- 
bum pona monij popb m f ylce 
jemet. jobe pypl^ep ponjep to- 
jej^eobbe. 

Da com he on mapne to J'am 

ttin-jepepan j-e^e hip ealbopmon 

paep •] him paebe hpylce jype he 

onpen^ ^ he hme pona fco f aepe 

abubjxpan jelaebbe. *] hipe f 

cySbe *] paejbe. pa hefc heo je- 

pomnian ealle fa jelaepbepfcan 

men ^ j^aleopnepap. *] him anb- 
peapbum het pejcan f ppepn *] 



the heaven as a roof; 
holy Creator ! 
then mid-earth, 
the Guardian of mankind, 
the eternal Lord, 
afterwards produced ; 
the earth for men, 
Lord Almighty ! 

Then he arose from sleep, and 
had fast in mind all that he sleep- 
ing had sung, and to those vrords 
forthwith joined many words of 
song worthy of God in the same 
measure. 

Then came he in the morning 
to the town-reeve, who was his 
superior, and said to him what 
gift he had received; and he 
forthwith led him to the abbess, 
and told, and made that known 
to her. Then she bade all the 
most learned men and the learn- 
ers to assemble, and in their pre- 
sence bade him tell the dream. 



XXIV 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CJIDMON. 



ut universorum judicio quid vel unde esset quod referebat^ pro- 
baretur : visumque est omnibus^ ca&lestem ei a Domino concessara 
esse gratiam. Exponebantque illi quendam sacrae historise sive 
doctrinse sermonem^ praeeipientes ei^ si posset^ hune in modula- 
tionem carminis transferre. At ille suscepto negotio abiit^ et mane 
rediens^ optimo carmine quod jubebatur eompositum reddidit. 
Unde mox abbatissa, amplexata gratiam Dei in viro^ ssecularem 
ilium habitum relinquere^ et monachicum suscipere propositum 
docuit ; susceptumque in monasterium cum omnibus suis fratrum 



f leo^S pnjan • f ce eallpa heopa 
bdme jecopen paepe hpaefc o'S'Se 
hponon f cumen paepe. ?a paep 
him eallum jepejen j'pa p pa hit 
paep. f him paepe ppom bpyhtne 
j-ylpum heoponhc ppu popjipen. 
Da pehfcon hie him *] paejbon 
pum halij ppell *] jobcunbpe Wpe 
popb. bebubon bim }?a jip he 
mihfce f he him pum j'unje. 'j 
[in ppmpunje] leo'S-ponjep ^ je- 
hpyppbe. Da he j^a haepbe J^a 
pij-an onpanjen j^a eobe he h^m 
CO hip huj'e "3 com epfc on mopjen 
•] )?y betjtan leo^Se jejlenjeb him 

^r^^5 T ^5^^F ^ liii^ beboben 
paep. Da onjan pieo abbubyj7'e 
clyppan ^ lupan j^a jobepjype m 
}^aem men. j heo hine )?a monobe 
] laepbe f he peopolb-hdb poplete 
*] munuc-hdbe onpenje. onb he 
f pel fapobe. *] heo hme m f 
mynptep onpenj mib hip jobum. 
'J hme jef eobbe fco jepomnunje 
)?apa jobep ]?eopa *] let hme lae- 



and sing the poem ; that, by the 
judgment of them all, it might 
be determined why or whence 
that was come ? Then it seemed 
to them all, so as it was, that to 
him, from the Lord himself, a 
heavenly gift had been given. 
Then they expounded to him 
and said some holy history, and 
words of godly lore ; then bade 
him, if he could, to sing some of 
them, and turn them into the 
melody of song. When he had 
undertaken the thing, then went 
he home to his house, and came 
again in the morning, and sang 
and gave to them, adorned with 
the best poetry, what had been 
bidden him. Then began the 
abbess to make much of and 
love the grace of God in the 
man; and she then exhorted 
and instructed him to forsake 
worldly life and take to monk- 
hood: and he that well approved. 
And she received him into the 
minster with his goods, and 
associated him with the con^ 



SOME ACCOUNT OF C^DMON. 



xx^ 



cohort! adsociavit^ jussitque iUum seriem Sacrae Historic doceri. 
At ipse cuncta qufe audiendo discere poterat^ rememorando Becum^ 
et, quasi mundum animal^ ruminando^ in carmen dulcissimam con- 
vertebat ; suaviusque resonando doctores buos vicissim auditores 
sui fkciebat. Canebat autem de creatione mundi et origine human! 
generis, et tota Genesis historia, de egressu Israel ex iEgypto et 
ingressu in terram repromissionis^de aliis plurimis Sacrse Scriptures 
historiis, de Incamatione Dominica, Passione, Besurrectione, et 
Ascensione in caelum, de Spiritus Sancti adventu, et Apostolorum 
doctrina. Item de terrore futuri judicii, et horrore pcenae gehen- 



pan f jefcael ^xy haljan f fca&pef 
3 fpelief • oiib he eall }>a he m 
jehepnejye jeleojiman mihfce 
mib hme jemynjabe. ^ j7a J7?a 
cla&ne nyten eobopcenbe m f fpe- 
tej-te 160*8 jehpypjibe. ^ hiy fonj 
^ hif 160*8 paepon jja pynjnim to 
jehypenne f J>a jylpan hif Id- 
peopaf a&c hif mu*8e ppiton ^ 
leopnobon. 8onj he aepejt: be 
mibbanjeapbcf jefceape. "] be 
jzpuman moncynnef* ^ eall f 
ffcaep jenepj'. p if peo aepepfce 
moifcf bdc- ^ epfc be utjonje 
ifpaela polcef of aejypta lonbe* 
•3 be injonje |?aBf jehat-lonbep • 

^ be o*8pum monipim fpellum 
J?aef haljan jeppitej* canonep 
bdca. ^ be cpiffcef mennipc- 
nepfe. *] be hif Jjpopunje. "] be 
hif tip-aptijneppe on heoponaf - 
-J bij ]78ef haljan jajTep cyme^ 
•3 J>apa apoftola Wpe. ^ epc bi 
J>am eje J?aej' topeapban bdmep • 



gregation of those servants of 
God, and caused him to be 
taught the series of the Holy 
History and Gospel ; and he all 
that he could learn by hearing 
meditated with himself, and, as a 
clean animal, ruminating, turned 
Into the sweetest verse : and his 
song and his verse were so win- 
some to hear, that his teachers 
themselves wrote and learned 
from his mouth. He first sang 
of earth's creation, and of the 
origin of mankmd, and all the 
history of Genesis, which is the 
first bpok of Moses, and then of 
the departure of the people of 
Israel from the Egyptians' land, 
and of the entrance of the land of 
promise, and of many other hi- 
stories of the canonical books of 
Holy Writ ; and of Christ's in- 
carnation, and of his passion, and 
of his ascension into heaven ; and 
of the coming of the Holy Ghost, 
and the doctrine of the Apostles; 
and also of the terror of the 



XXVI 



SOME ACCOUNT OF C^DMON. 



nalis^ ac dulcedine regni cselestis^ multa carmina faciebat ; sed et 
alia perplura de beneficiis et judiciis divinis^ in quibus cunctis 
homines ab amore seelerum abstrahere^ ad dileetionem vero et 
sollertiam bonae actionis excitare curabat. Erat enim vir multum 
religiosus^ et regularibus disciplinis humiliter subditus ; adverBum 
vero illos qui aliter facere volebant, zelo magni fervoris accensuB : 
unde et pulchro vitam suam fine conelusit. 

Nam propinquante bora sui decessus^ quatuordecim diebus 
praevenientc corporea infirmitate pressus est ; adeo tamen mode- 
rate^ ut et loqui toto eo tempore posset et ingredi. Erat autem 



^ be fyjihto J^aef fcmfcpejhcan 
picef . "J be j-petnefj-e J^aej- heoj:- 
onlican jiicef • he monij 160*8 
jepojihte. ■] j'pylc eac oSeji monij 
be ]7am jobcunbum jzjiemfum- 
nepjTim "] bdmmn he j^epojihte* 
on eallum ]7am he jeojmlice 
jymbe ^ he men acuje pjiani 
pynna lupan ^ mdn-baeba** 3 co 
lupan ■] to jeojinpullnej*pe apehte 
jobjia baeba. pojiJ?on he paep pe 
mon j'pi'Se aepepc "] yieojoUicum. 
]7eobpcypum ea'Smobhce unbeji- 
]7eobeb. "] pi's ]7am ]7a "Se on o]7jie 
pipan bdn polbon he psep mib 
pylme micelpe ellenpobneppe on- 
baepneb. "] he poji]7on paejpe enbe 
hip lip betynbe "] jeenbabe. 

Fop)?on ]7a "Saepe tibe nealaehte 
hij' jepiteneppe "] pop^pope- ^a 
paep he peopeptyne bajum aep ^ 
he paep licumliejie unfcpumneppe 
}?pycceb *] hepijab. hpaej^ejie co 
}?on jemetlice f he ealle ]7a tib 



doom to come, and tlie fear of 
hell-torment, and the sweetness 
of the heavenly kingdom, he 
made many poems 3 and, in like 
manner, many others of the di- 
vine benefits and judgments he 
made ; in all which he earnestly 
took care to draw men from the 
love of sins and wicked deeds, 
and to excite to a love and de- 
sire of good deeds ; for he was 
a very pious man, and to regular 
disciplines humbly subjected ; 
and against those who in other 
wise would act, he was inflamed 
with the heat of great zeal : and 
he therefore with a fair end his 
life closed and ended. 

For when the time approached 
of his decease and departure, 
then was he for fourteen days 
ere that oppressed and troubled 
with bodily infirmity ; yet so 
moderately, that, during all that 



* Vulg. man-'tsebum. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON, 



xxvii 



in proximo casa^ in qua infirmiores^ et qui prope morituri esse vide- 
bantur^ induci solebant. Rogavit ergo ministrum suum^ vespere 
incumbente, nocte qua de ssecuio erat exiturus, ut in ea sibi locum 
quieseendi prsepararet: qui miratus cur hoc rogaret, qui nequa- 
quam adhuc moriturus esse videbatur, fecit tamen quod dixerat, 
Cumque ibidem positi vicissim aliqua^ gaudente animo^ una cum 
eis qui ibidem ante inerant^ loquerentur ac jocarentur^ et jam me- 
dife noctis tempus esset transcensum^ interrogavit^ si eucharistiam 
intus haberent. Respondebant^ ^^Quid opus est eucharistia? 
neque enim mori adhuc habes^ qui tam hilariter nobiscum velut 



miht;e je j^pecan je janjan* 
Paef ]7aep on neapejt:e uncjiumpa 
manna htif • on J>am hyjia )?eap 
paef ^ hi ]7a unfcjiuman ^ ]7a "Se 
a&fc fop'Spope p»pon mlaeban 
pceolbah. ^ him J^aep aecpomne 
]7enian. Da baeb he hip ]7en on 
sepenne J>a&pe nihce \e he op 
populbe janjenbe paep. ^ he on 
|?am hupe him ppope jejeappabe. 
^ he pepfcan mihte. "Sa punbpabe 
pe }>enj pop hpon he ]7aep baebe. 
pop]7on him ]7uhce ^ hip pop^Spope 
ppa neh ne paepe. bybe hpaej^epe 
ppa j^pa he cpae'S ^ bebeab. Onb 
naib \y he J>a ]7aBp on pepte eobe. 
3 he jepeonbe mobe pumu J?mj 
aetjaebepe mib him ppecenbe "3 
jleopenbe paep J?e J?aep 8&p mne 
paepon- ]7a pa&p opep mibbeniht 
^ he ppaejn. hpae]7ep hi aenij 
hupel )?aep inne ha&pbon. Da anb- 
ppapobon hie ^ cpaebon. Hpilc 
J^eapp ip J>e huplep. ne J^inpe 
pop^pope ppa neh ip nu J?u J?up 



time^ he could both speak and 
walk. There was in the neigh- 
bourhood a house for infirm 
men, in which it was their cus- 
tom, to bring the infirm, and 
those who were on the point of 
departure, and there attend to 
them together. Then bade he 
his servant, on the eve of the 
night that he was going from 
the world, to prepare him a 
place in that house, that he 
.might rest : whereupon the ser- 
vant wondered why he this bade, 
for it seemed to him that his de- 
parture was not so near : yet 
he did as he said, and com- 
manded. And when he there 
went to bed, and in joyful mood 
was speaking some things, and 
joking together with those who 
were therein previously, then it 
was over midnight that he asked, 
whether they had the eucharist 
within? They answered, "What 
need is to thee of the eucharist ? 
thy departure is not so near, now 



XXVlIl 



SOME ACCOUNT OP €^DM0N: 



sospes loqueris.'* Rursus iUe: "Et tamen,** ait, ^^afferte me eucfaa- 
ristiam/' Qua accepta in manu, icterrogavit, si omnes placidum 
erga se animum, et sine querela controversise ac rancoris, haberent. 
Respondebant omnes, placidissimam se mentem ad ilium, et ab 
omni ira remotam, habere : eumque vicissim rogabant placidam 
erga ipsos mentem habere. Qui confestim respondit : ^^ Placidam 
ego mentem, filioli, erga omhes Dei famulos gero/* Sicque se 
cselesti muniens viatico, vitse alterius ingressui paravitj et inter- 
rogavit, quam prope esset hora qua fratres ad dicendas Domino 
laudes nocmrnas excitari deberent. Respondebant, ^^ Non longe 



jidtlice ;j ]?uf jlaebliee to uf 
fpjiecenbe eajit. CpaeiS he ejic, 
Bejia'S me hpae)?epe hufel to. 
Da he hit on hanba haepbe* }>a 
izjiaenj he. hpae)?eji hi ealle f mylte 
m6b 3 butan eallum mean bh^e 
to him haepbon. Da anbppajiobon 
hi ealle *] epaebon- f hi naenijne 
mean to him pi]t:an ac hi him 
ealle yyrSe bli'Se-mobe p»jion. 
^ hi ppixenblice hine baebon f he 
him eallum bli^Se paejie. Da anb- 
ppapobe he 3 cpae'S. minebpoj^jio 
J>a leopan . ic eom ppi'Se bli^Smdb 
to eop "J to eallum jobep man- 
num. !Cnb he ppa paep hine je- 
tjiymmenbe mib ]>y heoponhcan 
pejnepte. "] him o]7p.ep lipep in- 
jan J jeajipabe. Da jyt he pjiaejn. 
hu neh J^aejie tibe paepe ^ce ]7a 
bpoiSpu apipan peeolbon "j jobep 
pole la6pan *] heopa uht-panj 
pinjan. Anbppeapobon hi. nij* 
hit peop to]7on. Cpae^ he- tela. 



thou thus cheerfully, and thus 
gladly art speaking to us.*' Again 
he said, ^^ Bring me nevertheless 
the eucharist.'* When he had it 
in his hands, he asked, whether 
they had all a placid mind and 
kind, and without any ill-wiU 
towards him ? Then they all 
answered, and said, that they 
knew of no ill-will towards him, 
but they all were very kindly 
disposed 3 and they besought 
him in turn that he would be 
kindly disposed to them all. 
Then he answered and said, 
" My beloved brethren, I am 
very kindly disposed to you and 
all God's men." And he thus 
was strengthening himself with 
the heavenly viaticum, and pre- 
paring himself an entrance into 
another life. Again he asked, 
^^How near it was to the hour 
that the brethren must rise and 
teach the people of God, and 
sing their nocturns ? " They an- 
swered, ^^ It is not far to that." 



SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. 



XXIX 



est.'' At ille : ^^ Bene^ ergo exspectemus horam illam.'' £t sig* 
nans se signo sanctse crucis, reclinavit caput ad cervical^ modi- 
cumque obdonmens^ ita cum silentio vitam finivit. Sicque factum 
est ut quomodo simplici ac pura mente tranquillaque deyotione 
Domino servierat^ ita etiaiti tranquilla morte mundum telinquens, 
ad ejus visionem veniret ; illaque lingua quae tot salutaria verba in 
laudem Conditoris composuerat^ ultima quoque verba in laudem 
ipsius^ signando sese^ et spiritum suum in manus ejus commen- 
dando^ clauderet * : qui etiam prsescius sui obitus exstitisse^ ex his 
quae narravimus^ videtur. 



utan pe pel J?aepe tibe biban* ^ 
}?a hun jebaeb ^ hme jepenabe 
mib cjuptep pdbe-ciicne* 3 hip 
heapob onhylbe to ]7am bolpfcpe^ 
3 mebmycel paec onplaepte. ^ jja 
mib pfcillneppe hip lip jeenbabe- 
onb ppa paep jepopben fte ppa 
J7>a he hlufctjie mobe ^ bylepite 
^ pmylfcpe piUpumneppe bpihfcne 
]7eopbe. ^ he eac ppylce ppa 
pmylte bea^Se mibbanjeapb p»p 
poplaetenbe 3 to hip jepyhlSe 
becom* "] peo tunje ]7e ppa mo- 
nij halpenbe popb on J^aep pcyp- 
penbep Idp jej-ette- he J^a ppylce 
eac ]7a ytemeptan popb on hip 
hepeneppe • hme pylpne pemenbe • 
•3 hip jdpt m hip hanba bebeo- 
benbe. betynbe. Gac ppylce ^ip 
jepaejb*- f he p»pe jepip hip 
jylpep popSpope op J^am J?e pe 
nu pecjan hypbon :• 



He said, *^ It is well, let us await 
the hour.'^ And then he prayed^ 
and signed himself with Christ^s 
cross, and reclined his head on 
the bolster, and slept for a little 
space; and so with stillness end- 
ed his life. And thus it was, that 
as he with pure and calm mind 
and tranquil devotion had served 
God, that he, in like manner, 
left the world with as calm a 
death, and went to his presence ; 
and the tongue that had com- 
posed so many holy words in 
the Creator's praise, he, then, 
in like manner, its last words 
closed in his praise, crossing 
himself, and committing his soul 
into his hands. Thus it is seen 
that he was conscious of his 
own departure, from what we 
have now heard say. 



* '*C€Bdmonem obiisse circa annum dclxxx. plerique conjiciunt> aut paulo serius. 
De ejus sanctorumque aliorum reliquiis sic agit Malmesb, 1. 3. de Gestis Pontif, 
p. 154. b. Ed. Lond. Itwenta sunt noviter, id est, ante initium seculi xii. et in 



XXX SOME ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON*. 

eminentiam elata, sanctorum corpora, Trumuini B^., Osuii regis, et ^Ifledse JUitB 
^us, qua eidem monasterio post Hildam prarfuit : necnon et illius monachi quern 
Divino muneri scientiam cantus accepisse Beda rtfert, Cujus nonfuisse apud Deum 
popidare meritum, miracula modo midta, ut ferunt, supeme demissa pnstendunt 
indicium. 

"Consignatus esthujus sancti natalis in Martyrologio AngUcano die xi. Feb.; 
licet Hugo Menardus die x. Feb. retulerit. 

"Recensent eum Balseus, cent. I, et Pitsseus^ iBtate 7, inter illustres Angliae 
scriptores : sed in hoc ambo hallucinantur, quod dormiendo divina pronuntiasse 
carmina tradant, qua vigilantes quidam ex ejus ore scriptitabant. Id enimvero Beda 
non scribit."— -iSmtM. 



DESCRIFnVE CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES. 



I. Frontispiece to the MS. of Csedmon's Paraphrase. 

II. Fac-simile of the first page of Csedmon. 

III. The Deity sitting on his throne, expressing his displeasure with the 

Rebel-Angels. 
In the margin stand the words, hs&lenbef heh-f elb, the throne of Christ, 
Below is the Portrait of iElfwine. (See Archaeologia, vol. xxiv. p. 330.) 

IV. A Drawing divided into four compartments. 

1. The Rebel- Archangel crowned, with looks directed toward his ad- 
herents (four angels), his right hand pointing to an edifice, intended 
apparently for the heavenly abode, behind which stand five angels. 
Four angels offer crowns to the Archangel. 

On the top of the page, the lower part of the following words may 

be traced : 

hu fe enjyl onjon opepmob pepan. 

How the angej began to be jpresumptuous. 
The upper part of the inscription has been cut off by the binder of 

the Volume. 

2. The Deity attended by angels, each bearing a peacock's feather. 
He is in the act of grasping those borne by the two angek nearest 
to him. 

3. The Deity holding three javelins, with which he is striking down- 
ward. The inscription : 

hu f e hs&lenb jef ceop helle heom to yite, 
How God formed hell for a punishment to them, 

4. The Infernal Regiondt The chief figure here is a huge monster, 
or Leviathan, with jaws extended, in which Satan is lying on his 
back, bound round the neck and limbs, while his associates are 
seen plunging into the burning gulf. 



xmi CATALOGUE OF THE PLATE«. 

V. The Uprearing of the Finnament. The Spirit of Qod upon the Deep. 

loacriptioii : 

jefynhpobe yatc *} ecqitten. 

He parted the water amd the earth. 
W. Tlie Sovknir. Tlie Separation of Day firom Night. Opposite the 

lower compartnient is this inscrqitioii : 

ha he cobadbe bae; yA mhce, 

Horn he dofided day from night, 
\1L The Angels |m)ceeding to Paradise. Tlie fonnation of Eye. Inscr. 

1. hqi "Sobef enjlaf iqfCi^an of heoaenan inco papabifum. 
Here Go^e aageU proceed from heaven into Paradise, 

In this, as well as in some of the other drawings, the door-hinges are 
remazkahle, as precisely resembling those still to be seen iqx>n the 
doors of some of our ancient churches. 

2. hqi bpihcen ^efcop ahamef fif euan. 
Here the Lord created Adam's wtfe Eve, 

3. hep bpihcen ^^eapp jtrlep on abam *} jcnam him an pib of ]>£ jiban 

1 S^P^^ W PV ^ I'^^'^ pibbe. 
Here the Lord cast sleep upon Adam, and took a rib from his side, 
and created his wife from that rib. 

VIII. Tlie Deity addressing Adam and Eve, in the words beginning, — 

xxaaA nn *} pezai^. &c. See Poem, p. 13« 1. 1. 

IX. Grod beholding the excellence of his productions. 

X. Adam and Eve in Ptoidise : 

heo psepon leop ^obe. &c. p. 16, 1. 17. 

XI. The Fall ci the Angels. Satan in Hdl : (Hdl is again represented 

as a huge monster.) 

^ heo alle ppfceop bpihten to beojlum. p. 20, L 14. 

XII. The Dttty supported by Seraphim. Satan's Tonnoat. 

XIII. In the upper part of this Drawing, Adam and Eve axe represented 

ftanding by the Tree. In the lower part Satan appears fettered 
and manacled, while the messenger-iiend is seen paaaing through 
an opening, on his way to tenqpt Adam and Eve : 
hpeapp lum Jruph ]>a hell-bopa. p. 29» 1. 8. 

XIV. Tlie Ten^tation of Eye. 

XV. Tlbe Tonpter offering the Fruit to Adam. 

XVI. Two compartments : 1. Adam receiring the Fruit from Eve. 
2. The grief of Adam and Eve, after eating of the Fruit. 



CATALOGUE OP THE TLATES. rxxiii 



> 



The Fiend departs from them with an air of mockery : 
hloh ]7a J ple^obe. boba bitpe jehugob. p. 45, 1. 10-11. 

The figure of a lion below, which Beema added merely to fill the space, 
is evidently the work of a later and freer hand. 
i w XVII. 1. Adam and Eve conscious of their nakedness. 

2. They cover themselves with fig-leaves. 

XVIII. The Fiend returning to his Master, after having tempted Eve : 
hpeapp him ejt ni'Sep. boba bitpefta. fceolbe he ^a bjiaban hgaf 

^ fecan. helle ^hhtSo. )7s&p hif heappa Is&g. p. 47, 1. 18-22. 

XIX. 1 . Adam and Eve seeking shelter in the woods : 

uton gan on ]>y]*ne pealb. mnan on J'lffef hokef hleo. p. 52, 1. 6-7, 
^ 2. Adam and Eve sitting apart from each other : 

•^ f8&ton on fimbpan. p. 62, 1. 11. 

XX. 1. The Ahnighty cursing the Serpent. 
2. God calls to Adam in the Garden : 

hybbon hie on heolftpe. ])a hie halij popb. bpihtnef gehypbon 
^ p. 53, 1. 12-14. 

XXI. The Almighty addressing Adam and Eve : (The figure of the Deity 
1^ is given double, one being turned towards Adam, the other towards 

Eve.) 

tSa to euan gob. jjipmga fpps&c. penb pe ppom fpmB, &c. p; 56, 

1. 26-28. 
abeab eac abame. ece bpihten. hpef leoht;i]:pama. 
latS wpenbe. ]»u fcealr ot^epne. et$el fect&an. &c. p. 57, 1. 8-13. 

XXII. The exile of Adam and Eve denounced, and their departure. 

XXIII. The Angel closing the Gate of Paradise : 

him on lapce beleac. L«ra t pjnna. hihcpilne ham. 

halig engel. be ppean hs&fe. jrypene fpeopbe. p. 58, 1. 12-17. 

XXIV. The Bfath of Abel. 

XXV. The Story of Cain and Abel. 

1 . Cain aiding his father in the labours of agriculture : 

ot$ep hif to eoptSan. elnep talobe. fe yesy 8ep-»bopen. p. 59, 1. 31 ^^S. 

2. Abel tending cattle : 

ot$ep sehte heolb. p. 59, 1. 34. 

3. Abel's offering. 

4. The murder of Abel. 

5. Abel's blood crying to the Almighty : 

^ hif blob to me. cleopatS ;j ajetJ. p. 62, 1. 11-12, 

c 



xxxiv CATALOGUE OP THE PLATES. 

XXVL Further Representation of Cain's History : 

1. The Almighty addressing Cain. 

2. Cain travelling to his new abode : 

hun ]?a cam ^epat; ^ hun ]»a yic ^eceaf . ea]t;-lanbum. p. 64> 

1. 13-18. 

3. Cain with his wife and son Enoch. 

XXVIL Compartments containing figures of the Posterity of Adam. 
XXVin. Two compartments. 1. Jubal playing on his lyre. 
2, 3. Tubal Csia, as a smith, and in the act of ploughing. 

4. Adam and Eve, the latter holding Seth in her arms. 

XXIX. Seth with his wife and son. (Inscr. feth p»f f»h, Seth was pros- 

perous.) 

XXX. Enos, the son of Seth, and his family. 

XXXI. A figure, perhaps Mahalaleel ? standing by an altar. 

XXXII. The burial of Mahalaleel : 

malalahel. pmtjia h»pbe. pp j hunb mjontij. )m. he popt$ jepat. 
p. 71, 1. 25-30. , 

XXXIII. An Angel conversing with a Prophet, supposed to be Enoch, 
perhaps in allusion to the verse, 

hun p»p ])eoben holb. p. 73, 1. 10. 
(The Prophet treads an animal like a dragon under foot, but to this 
there is no allusion in the poem.) 

XXXIV. The Translation of Enoch. The lower part represents the Pa- 
triarch leaving eartii; the upper, his entrance into heaven, attended 
by angels. 

XXXV. Mathuselah attended by his sons. On his right hand his wife in 
bed, attended by two females, one of whom holds an infant in 
swaddling clothes ; presumed to represent the Birth of Noah. 

XXXVI. Scenes in the lives of Lamech and Noah. 

XXXVII. The Almighty commanding the Ark to be built. Beneath is 
seen the commencement of the work. 

XXXVIII. The Ark completed and inhabited. The Almighty standing at 
the door, ready to close it when one of Noah's sons and his wife 
shall have entered. 

XXXIX. The Ark afloat. In the lower part, the Deity is represented 
closing the entrance : 

him on hoh beleac. heopon-picep peapb. mepe-hupep mu$. p. 82, 
1. 16-18.. 



CATALOGUE OF THE PLATES. xxxv 

XL. Noah and his family quitting the Ark ; the Deity holding the door 

open. 
XLL Noah's Sacrifice : 

pK noe on^an. nep^enbe lac. p. 90, 1. 18-19. 
XLIL God's Covenant with Noah : 

ic eop tpeopa ps^f. mme feUe. p. 92, 1. 28-29. 
XLin. Noah cultivating the Earth : 

]ia noe on^an aetep cihan. p. 94, 1. 1-6. 
XLIV. Noah's Death and Burial. 
XLV. The Building of Babel planned. 
XLVI. God's Visit to Babel : The Dispersion : 

]?a com hah^ job. pepa cneopijja. peopc fceapijan. p. 101, 1. 7-9. 
XLVIL 1. The blessing of Abraham : 

2. Abraham and his family going to Canaan. 

3. Qod appearing to Abraham : 

]7a hme cynmg engla. abpahame. lepbe felyra. p. 107, 1. 5-7. 
XLVin. 1. Abraham standing (holding' an axe) between two buildings^ 

probably preparing to build his altar. 

2. The Deity appearing to Abraham. 
XLIX. Abraham approaching Egypt : 

jefeah e^ypta. hopn fele hpite. p. 109, 1. 10-11. 
L. An unfinished Illumination. 

LI. Ornamental Decoration on p. 225 of the Manuscript. 
LII, LIII. Capital Letters, alphabetically arranged, referring to the pages 

of the Manuscript. 



c2 



CJEDMON'S 



METRICAL PARAPHRASE. 



Us if juht micel* 
f ye jiobBjia peajib. 
pejieba pulboji-cininj* 
pojibum hejiijen. 
mdbum lupen* 
he If ma&^na j-peb. 
heafob ealpa- 
heah- jef ceapta . 
pjiea aelmihfcij. 
naef him fjiuma s^pjie- 
<5ji jepojiben. 
ne nu enbe cym)?. 
ecean bjuhtnef • 
ac he bi'S £ jiice. 
ofeji heofen-ftdlaf • 
heapim l^jiymmum. 
f<5*8pa&ft anb j7?i*8}:ejiom 
fpejl-bdfmaf heolb. 
]7a pa&jion jej-efcte. 
pibe *] j^be. 
}?ujih jepealb jobep. 
pulbjiep beajmum* 
japta peajibum* 



10 



20 



J OR us it is much right 

that we the Guardian of the skies^ 

the Glory- King of hosts, 

with our words praise^ 

in our minds love. 

He is of power the essence, 

the head of all 

exalted creatures, 

the Lord almighty. 

To him has beginning never 

origin been, 

nor now cometh end 

of the eternal Lord, 

but he is ever powerful 

over the heavenly thrones. 

With high majesty, 

just and most vigorous, 

he ruled the heavenly concaves, 

which were placed 

wide and far, 

through power of God, 

for the children of glory, 

the guardians of spirits. 



B 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



haepbon ^leam 3 bjieam< 
3* heojia ojibpjiuman. 
enjla ]7jieafcaf • 
beojihte bhffe. 
paef heojia blaeb micel. 
J7ejnaf )?jiyinp8ejt:e. 
Jjeobeh hejiebon- 
faejbon luffcum loj:^ 
heojia lif jijiean. 
b^mbon bjilhtnej-. 
buje]7um p»jion. 
fpi*8e jefaelije. 
jynna ne cu]7on. 
pjiena pjiemman- 
ac hie on jrpi'Se Lfbon. 
6ce mib heojia albop • 
ellej' ne onpinnon. 
jis^jian on jiobejiuni. 
nym]7e jiihfc ^ y&6' 
aejiiSon enjla peajib. 
pop opephyjbe. 
ba&l on jebpilbe.*' 
nolban bpeojan lenj. 
heopa peljrpa paeb. 
ac hie op j^b-luj:an» 
^ jobep ahpuppon* 
haepbon jielp micel* 
f hie PI'S bjiihtne* 
ba&lan meahton- 
pulboji-pa&pfcan pic- 
pejiobep )7pyrame. 
fib 3 ppejl-fcophfc. 
him ]7aeji pdji jelamp- 



10 



20 



30 



Had lustre and joy 
of their original 
the hosts of angels^ 
bright bliss^ 
their reward was great : 
glorious ministers^ 
they adored their Ruler, 
joyfully praised 
their life's Lord ; 
thejf judged^ by the Lord's 
power, the?/ were 
most happy. 
Sins they knew not, 
nor crimes to perpetrate, 
but they lived in peace, 
ever with their Chief : 
aught else they sought not 
to rear in heaven, 
save right and truth, 
ere that the angels' guardian, 
for pride, 
sank into error; 
They would no longer work 
their own good, 
but they from the love 
of God turned away. 
They had the great presumption 
that they against the Lord 
could divide 
the glory-fast abode, 
that multitude of host, 
ample and heavenly bright. 
Pain there befell them. 



* ^ seems to be redundant in this place. 

*» The sense of this passage is obscure, and the interpretation given not free 
from objection, unless for ^ebpil^e we read jebpilb in the accusative. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



w 
"K 



[2] 



aefjt; ^ ojrejihjrjb. 
3 J?aef enjlef tn<5b. 
}?e ];one unjiaeb on^an* 
aejiejt: jijiemman* 
pefan 3 peccean* 
}?a he pojibe q^aa^* 
m]7ef opjjyjipfceb. 
^ he on noji'S-bs§le- 
h£m ■] heah-ped- 
heopena jilcep. 
£jan polbe« 
}?a peaji'S yjipe job- 
^ ]7am pejiobe pjialS* 
J7e he a6ji pup^be- 
plifce "3 pulbjie. 
fce<5p ]7am pejilojan* 
pjiaechcne h£m* 
peojice fco ledne. 
helle heapap* 
heajibe nriJap. 
hehfc f plce-h6p. 
pjiaecna biban* 
be<5p bpeama leaj'- 
bjuhfcen tipe. 
japta peapbap* 
J?a he hit jeape pipfce- 
pmnihce bepealb. 
puple jemnob. 
jeonb-polen pype^ 
■] psep-cyle. 
p^ce 3 peabe leje. 
hehfc |?a jeonb f paebleape h<5p 
peaxan pifce-bpojan- 
haspbon hie ppoht-jefceme^ 
jpimme pi's 50b jepomnob. 
him J>aBp jpim le£n becom. 

b2 



10 



90 



90 



envy and pride, 

and the angel's mood, 

who that evil counsel began 

first to frame, 

to weave and agitate. 

Then spake he the words, 

from malice thirsty, 

that he in the north part 

a home and lofty seat 

of heaven's kingdom 

would possess. 

Then was God angry, 
and wroth with that host, 
whom he erst had honoured 
with beauty and with glory ; 
he formed, for these false ones, 
an exile home, 
anguish for reward, 
the groans of hell, 
hard punishments ; 
bade the torture-house 
await the exiles, 
deep, void of joys, 
our Lord, 

the guardians of spirits. 
When he knew it ready, 
furnished with perpetual night, 
with sulphur charged, 
with fire filled throughout, 
and cold intense, 
smoke & red flame, [comfort void, 
bade then, through that house of 
the dread of torment to increase. 

They had criminations 
bitterly gathered against God ; 
on them, for this, grim retribution 

[came; 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



cpa&bon f heo jiice. 
pcSe m6be- 
a^an polban- 
"J ppa ea*Se meahcan* 
him j-eo pen jeleah- 
p'S'San palbenb hip- 
heopena heah cinms. 
honba ajis^jibe* 
hehjte pi^S )?am hepje- 
ne mihton hyje leape- 
msene pi^S metobe- 
maejyn bpyttijan. 
ac him pe ms6pa- 
mdb jetpaepbe. 
baelc pojibijbe- 
J?a he jeboljen peaji^- 
beploh pyn-j'cea)7an • 
pijope ^ jepealbe- 
bdme ^ buje'Se- 
■3 bjieame bendm* 
hip peonb pju^o. 
■J jepean eaUe. 
tojihte tipe. 
^ hip tojm jepjiaec* 
on jej-acmn ppi'Se. 
pelpep mihtum* 
pfcjxenjum ptiepe. 
hsepbe ptyjine mdb. 
jejji^meb jpymme- 
jjidp on ppa'8e- 
fiuxa polmum* 
;j him on p»'8m jebjiaec- 
yji on mdbe- 
ae'Sele bepcyjiebe- 
hip pi«ep.bpecan. 
pulbo ji- jeptealbum • 



thej/ said that they the empire 

(in their fierce mood) 

would possess^ 

and so might easily. 
[ 4f ] Him that hope deceived, 

after his Sovereign, 

heaven's high King, 

his hands uprear'd 

most high against that crew, 
10 nor might they of counsel void, 

the faithless against the Creator 

employ force ; 

for them the Mighty 

deprived of courage. 

He bent their pride 

when he was angry, 

bereft the impious 

of triumph and power, 

sway and dignity, 
20 and of joy deprived them, 

his foes of freedom, 

and all of exultation, 

and bright glory ; 

and his anger wreaked 

vehemently on his adversaries, 

by his own powers, 

with strong step. 

Stern he was of mood, 

bitterly provoked, 
30 he griped in his wrath 

with hostile hands, 

and crushed them in his grasp. 

Angry in mood 

he deprived of their country 

his adversaries, 

of their glorious abodes ; 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fcedp J?a ^ fcyjiebe. 
fcyppeiib tijie. 
opejihibij cyn. 
enjla op heopnum* 
psSpleaf pepob. 
palbenb penbe. 
M'Spenbne hepe- 
on lanjne pi's, 
jeompe japtap. 
paep him jylp popob. 
beot popboppfcen. 
^ popbijeb )?pym. 
plite jepemmeb. 
heo on ppace- 
jT^S'San peomobon. 
ppeapte p'Se. 
ne ]7oppton hldbe hlihhan 
ac heo hell-tpejuin. 
pepije punobon. 
"J pedn cu'Son. 
pdp -J popje. 
pupl )7popebon- 
Jjyptpum bej?eahte« 
]7eapl aepfcepledn. 
J?aep J?e heo onpmnon. 
PI'S jobe pinnan* 
J?a paep pd'S* ppa a&p* 
pbb on heopnum- 
paejpe ppeoJ?o-J?eapap- 
ppea eallum leop- 
J?eoben hip J^ejnum- 
J^pymmap peoxon- 
buju'Sa mib bpihfcne- 
bpedm-haebbenbpa :• 



then removed and cut off 
our Creator 
the haughty race 

of angels from heaven ; 

the faithless tribe 

the Powerful sent, 

the hateful band, 

on a long journey, 

the sad spirits. 
10 Their vaunt was quailed, 

their threat shattered, 

and grandeur bowed, 

their beauty corrupted. 

They into exile 

urged then 

their darksome way. 

JTiey might not loudly laugh, 

but they in hell-torments 

accursed dwelt, 
20 and woe they knew, 

pain and sorrow, 

torment endured ; 

with darkness decked, 

hard retribution, 

for that they had devised 

agamst God to war. 

Then was after as before 

peace in heaven, 

fair loving thews ; 
30 the Lord dear to all, 

the Supreme to his ministers ; 

the glories waxed 

of the good with their Lord, 

of the possessors of bliss^ 



• I have translated as if r*^ l^ad stood in the text, which is without doubt the 
genuine reading. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



11. 

paepon J?a jefome. 
}?a J?e rpejl buan* 
pulbpef cSel* 
fjioht paej- afpptiiijen- 
ohfc mib enjlum. 

p'S'San hejie-pdfan- 

heo]:on ojijaefon. 

leohte belojiene* 

him on laffce yeth 

jmlbop-j^ebum pelij« 

pibe ftdban. 

ppim jjiopenbe. 

on jobep pice. 

beojihc ^ jeblaebpaept- 

buenbpa leap. 

p««an pjiaec-ptope. 

pejuje japcap. 

unbep heapm-locan- 

heane jepdpan. 

]?a }?eahtobe* 

J^eoben tipe- 

m6b-jeJ?once. 

hti he )7a ms^pan jepceapt- 

e'Sel-pfca'8olap. 

ept jepette. 

ppejel-fcophtan pelb. 

pelpan pepobe. 

J?a hie pelp-pceaj?an. 

opjipen haepbon. 

heah on heopenum- 

pop]7am hahj job. 

unbep pobepap penj. 

picum mihfcum. 

polbe f him eop^e. 



II. 

[ 5 ] Then were in concord 

those that mhabit the finnament^ 

the region of glory ; 

strife was dissipated^ 

fear /rom among the angels^ 

and fatal hate, 

since the hostile bands 

had heaven resigned, 

of light bereft. 
10 Behind them that abode, 

rich in glorious works, 

widely stood, 

with gifts flourishing, 

in God's realm, 

bright and fruitful, 

of dwellers void, 

since to their exile-place 

the sprites malignant, 

beneath the dungeons of perdition, 
20 wretched fared. 

Then pondered 

our Lord 

in mind, 

how he the great creation, 

native settlements, 

might replenish, 

heaven-bright seats, 

with a better race, 

since them those braggart rebels 
30 had resigned, 

high in the heavens : 

for that the holy God, 

under the span of the firmament, 

in his abundant powers, 

would that for him an earth 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



^ tip pobep. 

^ pb p»tep* 

jej-efceb pupbe. 

populb-jepceapte . 

on pjiatipa pelb. 

}?ajia J?e pojihealbene. 

op hleo penbe. 

ne p»p hep )?a jiefc. 

nymfe lieolptep-pceabo 

piht jepdpben- 

dc )?ep piba jjiunb. 

pt6b be<5p -j bira- 

bjuhfcne ppembe* 

ibel ^ tinnyc. 

on ^ne eapim pUt* 

ptr8-ppih|? cinmj. 

;j J?a ptope beheolb. 

bpedma leape- 

jepeah beopc jeppeopc- 

pemian pmmhte. 

ppeapfc tinbep pobepum* 

ponn ;j yeyte- 

cr6 f feop populb-jepceapfc- 

J^uph p<5pb jepeap'S. 

pulbop- cyiiinjep • 

hep 8§pept jepcedp. 

ece bpihfcen. 

hekn eall-pihta* 

heopon T eop«an. 

pobop apaSpbe- 

•3 )7ip ptime lanb. [ 6 ] 

3epfca)7elobe. 

ptpanjum mihfcum. 

ppea aelmihtij* 

polbepaep J?a jyt. 

jpaep tinjpene. 



90 



30 



and firmament above 

and wide water 

were planted 

with worldly creature^, 

in place of the hostile ones, 

of those whom headlong 

he had sent from their abode. 

There had not here as yet, 
save cavern-shade, 
aught been ; 
but this wide abyss 
stood deep and dim, 
strange to its Lord, 
idle and useless ; 
on which looked with his eyes 
the King firm of mind, 
and beheld those places 
void of joys J 
saw the dark cloud 
lower in eternal night, 
swart under heaven, 
dark and waste, 
until this worldly creation 
through the word existed 
of the Glory- King. 

Here first shaped 
the Lord eternal, 
chief of all creatures, 
heaven and earth, 
the firmament upreared, 
and this spacious land 
established 

by his strong powers, 
the Lord almighty. 
The earth as yet was 
not green with grass i 



8 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



jdjifecj ]7eahte- 
rpeapt rynnihte. 
fibe ^ pibe. 
ponne paejap • 
J?a p«p pulboji-tophfc. 
heopon-peajibep japt- 
opep hdlm bdpen- 
miclum ppebum. 
metob enjla heht* 
lipej' bpytta. 
leohc poji'Scuman- 
opeji ptimne jjitinb- 
pa}?e ysey jepyUeb. 
heah-cininjep hs^p. 
him p8&p halij leohtr- 
opeji pepfcenne. 
ppa pe pyphfca bebedb- 
|7a jeptinbjiobe. 
pjojia palbenb- 
opeji lajo-pl6be- 
leohc PI'S )7eoptpum. 
pcedbe PI'S pciman- 
pcedp }?a bdm ndman- 
Kpep bpytta. 
leoht paep sSpept. 
)?ujih bpihtnep pdpb- 
b»j jenemneb- 
plite beophfce jepceapt 
pel licobe. 
pjiedn aefc pjiym'Se. 
pop)7-baBjio tib. 
b»3 aepepta jepeah- 
beojic pceabo* 
ppeajic ppi'Spian- 
jeonb pibne jjiunb. 



ocean cover' d, 

swart in eternal nighty 

far and wide^ 

the dusky ways. 

Then was the glory-bright 

spirit of heaven's Guardian 

borne over the deep, 

with utmost speed : 

the Creator of angels bade, 
10 the Lord of life, 

light to come forth 

over the spacious deep. 

Quickly was fulfilled 

the high Bang's behest, 

for him was holy light 

over the waste, 

as the Maker bade. 
Then sunder'd 

the Lord of triumphs 
20 over the ocean-flood 

light from darkness, 

shade from brightness, 

then gave names to both, 

the Lord of life. 

Light was first 

through the Lord's word 

named day ; 

beauteous bright creation ! 

Well pleased 
30 the Lord at the beginning, 

the procreative time. 
7%^ first day saw 

the dark shade 

swart prevailing 

over the wide abyss. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



III. 

pa feo tib jepdt. 
opeji tibeji-fceacan«* 
mibban-jeajibef . 
mefcob aepfceji j-ceaj:. 
fclpum fclman- 
fcippenb tijie. 
s6j:en afejiejt:- 
him djm on laft* 
}?Iianj J^yrtpe jemp. 
}?am ]?e fe J^eoben felp. 
fcedp nihte ndman* 
nejijenb tipe- 
hie jejiinbpobe- 
p'S'San sSfjie- 
bpujon ^ bybon. 
bpihtnef pillan* 
ece ofep eop'San. 
"Sa com o'8ep baej. 
leoht: aepfcep J^eoftpum. 
heht J?a lipep peapb. 
on mepe pldbe. 
mibbum peop'San. 
hyhdic heofon-timbep- 
holmap bs^lbe* 
palbenb tipe- 
^ jepophte J?a. 
pobepap paepten. 
f pe pica dh<5p. 
tip ppom eop'San. 
J?uph hip djen p6pb. 



III. 

[ 8 ] Then the time passed 

over the fruitful region 

of mid earth : 

The Lord after impelled 

from the sheer brightness, 

our Creator, 

the even first : 

ran on its track, 

pressed on, the dark cloud, 
10 to which the Lord himself 

gave the name of night ; 

our Preserver 

them separated ; 

always since 

they have suffered and done 

the Lord^s will, 

ever over earth. 

Then came the second day, 

light after darkness : 
20 bade then lifers Guardian, 

in the ocean-flood, 

in the midst to be, 

the joyous heavenly frame j 

the waters parted 

our Ruler, 

and then wrought 

the compact firmament ; 

this the Powerful hove 

up from earth, 
30 through his own word. 



* tibeji-j-ceaca. Of this expression the signification is extremely doubtful. 
Hickes conjectures that "superficies vel planitiea terrce, quod munera fert vel fru- 
gifera sit, dicitur tibeji-j-ceaca (forsan meudose pro tibeji-j-ceata) et metonymice 
henmpJuBrium, seujp^ntVtem terra, &c. denotat." VideGr. A.S. p. 127, and Lye, 
sub voce. 



J 



10 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



jrjiea aelmihtij. 

polb paef dba&leb. 

tinbep heah-pobope. 

haljum mihtum- 

paetep <5p paefcpum. 

J?am }?e puniaiS jyc- 

tinbep pa&ptenne. 

polca hpdpep. 

}7d com opeji polban* 

ptip p«ian. 

ms6pe mejijen fpibba- 

naejion mecobe "Sa jyfc. 

pib lonb ne pejap nytre< 

& pt<5b beppijen paepfce. 

polbe mib pl6be. 

pjiea enjla heht. 

}7uph hip p6pb pepan. 

paefceji jems&ne- 

J?a nu unbeji pobejium. 

heopa pyne healba^. 

ptdpe jeptepnbe- 

•Sa pt6b hpa'Se. 

holm unbeji heoponum. 

ppa pe halja bebedb. 

plb aetpomne. 

•Sa jeptinbpob pa&p. 

lajo PI'S lanbe. 

jepeah )7a lipep peapb* 

bjiije ptope. 

bujo'Sa hyjibe. 

pibe aetedpbe. 

J?d pe pulbop-cynmj. 

eoji'San nembe- 

jepette y^mn heopa* 

onpihtne pyne. 

jitimum pl6be. 



the Lord almighty* 

Earth was divided 

under the lofty firmament 

by hw holy might : 

water from waters, 

for those who yet dwell 

under the fastness 

of the roof of nations. 

Then came over earth 
10 swiftly journeying 

the third great mom. 

Were not meted yet 

wide land nor useful ways, 

but stood fast cover'd 

earth with flood. 

The Lord of angels bade 

through his word to he 

the waters common, 

that now under heaven 
20 hold their course, 

and their places fixed. 

Tlien forthwith stood 

ocean under heaven, 

as the Holy ordained, 

wide, in one assembled ; 

then was parted 

water from land. 

Saw then life's Guardian 

the dry places, 
30 {the Preserver of all good,) 

wide displayed ; 

these the King of glory 

named earth; 

set to the waves their 
Just course, 

to the spacious flood. 



? 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



11 



•3 jepefcepo* 



and fetter'd 



# 



m 



* 



* 



ne J?uhte J?a jejijjne. 

jiobojia peapbe. 

p abam lenj* 

dna paepe* 

neojixna ponjej* • 

mppe jefceafte* 

hyjibe -j halbenb. 

jiopj^on him heah-cyninj. 

pjiea aelmihfcij. 

fultum tidbe. 

plj: dpeahte* 

;j J?a ppa'Se pealbe* 

lip ef leohfc-jrjimna* 

leopum pince. 

he f anbpeopc- 

op abdmef • 

lice dleoiSobe. 

^ him hffcmn ^ceah* 

pib 6f fiban- 

' In this part of the MS. are 



[ 9 ] Then seem'd it not fitting 

to the Guardian of the firmament 

that Adam longer 

were alone 

of Paradise, 

of the new creation, 

keeper and ruler ; 

therefore for him the high king, 
10 the Lord almighty, 

created a helpmate, 

raised up a woman, 

and her gave for a support 

the Author of life's light 

to the beloved man. 

He the substance 

from Adam's 

body dismembered, 

and from it skilfully extracted 
20 a rib from the side. 

vestiges of three leaves that have been cut out. 



J 



12 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



he p»f jtefte-paejr. 

^ fopte rpa§}:. 

fdp ne pifte- 

eajipd'Sa bs^l- 

ne J?aBp a&nij c6m. 

bl6b Of benne. 

ac him bpejo enjla. 

op lice dteah* 

Lobenbe* bdn. 

yeji tinptinbob. 

6j: J?am pophte 56b. 

jijieohcu faemnan. 

feoph in-jebybe. 

ece paule. 

heo paepon enjlum jelice 

)7d paep abamep bpyb. 

japfce jejeappob. 

hie dn jeojo'Se bu. 

pllte beophc paepon. 

on populb eenneb. 

meofcobep mihtum* 

mdn ne cu'8on. 

b<5n ne bpeojan. 

dc him bpiht:nef pa&p. 

b^ on bpeoptum* 

bypnenbe lupu* 

)7a jebletpobe. 

bli'8-heopfc cynmj- 

metob alpihfca. 

monna eynnej-- 

•Ba popman tpd. 

paebep ^ mobep. 

pip ^ paepneb. 

he J7a pdpbe cpas^* . 



10 



He was fast at rest, 
and softly slept, 
knew not pain, 
no share of sufferings, 
nor came there any 
blood from the wound ; 
but from him the Lord of angels, 
from his body drew 
a jointed bone, 
the man unwounded, 
of which God wrought 
a goodly woman, 
inspired life into her^ 
an immortal soul : 
they were like unto angels. 
[ 10 ] Then was Adam's bride 
with spirit endued. 
They in youth both, 
bright in beauty, were 
into the world brought forth 
by the Creator's might. 
Crime they knew not 
to do nor suffer ; 
but of the Lord was to them 
both, in their breasts, 
burning love. 
Then blessed 
the blithe heart King, 
the Lord of all things, 
of mankind 
the first two, 
father and mother, 
female and male : 
then spake he the words : ^ 



20 



30 



* Perhaps we should read lio^enfce ban. Lye conjectures lenben bdn, lumho- 
rum 08, jjeji unpunbob, in the next line, seems put absolutely. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



13 



tema^S 116. ;j pexa'S. 


^ Teem now and increase^ 


tubpe Fylla'8. 


fill with progeny 


eoji'San a^l-jjiene. 


the all-green earth. 


mcjie cynne- 


with your kin. 


pmum ^ bohfcpiim« 


with sons and daughters. 


inc fceal fealt paetep. 


To you shall the salt water 


puiuan on ^epealbe* 


abide in dominion. 


^ eall pojiulbe jepceapt- 


and all the worldly creation. 


bjiuca'S blaeb-baja. 


Enjoy prosperous days. 


;j bjiim-]il«ftjt:e. 


10 and the ocean-freight. 


;j heopon-pi^Ia* 


and fowls of heaven ; 


inc ip hall J peoh. 


to you is sacred the cattle. 


;j pilbe beoji. 


and the wild beasts 


on jepealb jepealb. 


in dominion given. 


•3 lipijenbe. 


and all living creatures, 


•Ba "Se lanb qieba^S. 


those that tread the la.nd. 


peojih-eaceno cynn. 


a race endued with life, [forth. 


•Ba "86 pl6b pecce*S. 


those which the water bringeth 


jeonb h]i6n-jidbe. 


throughout the whale's road. 


inc hyiia*S eall- 


20 all shall you obey.' 


•Sa pceapobe. 


[11] Then beheld 


jxyppenb tijie- 


our Creator 


hip peojica plifce. 


the beauty of his works [tions. 


^ hip paeptma bla&b. 


and the excellence of his produc- 


mppa jepceapta. 


of the new creatures. 


neojixna panj pt6b. 


Paradise stood 


5<5b T japfchc 


good and spiritual. 


jipena jepylleb. 


filled with gifts. 


ppemum poji'Speajibum. 


[ 12 ] with forward benefits. 


p»^jepe leohfce*. 


30 Fair washed 


f l¥Se lanh. 


the genial land 


lajo yjinenbe. 


the running water. 



• From lecciai^^ rigare, irrigare; imp. lehte, leohte. Thus again, 

jeo (eojitJe) psej- paetjium peaht. 
•j psejrmum J^eaht . 
lajo-prjieamum leoht: . 
where the context seems to show that leoh^ is a participle and not the adjective. 



14 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



pylle-bupne- 
nallef polcnu "Sa pet. 
oj:ep jitimne jptinb- 
jiejnaf baejion. 
pann mib piiibe- 
hpse«iie paertmum ptdb. 
polbe jepjiaetpob. 
heolbon Fop.*S-jiyne. 
ea-ftpedmap heopa* 
ae'Sele peopeji. 
op ]7am nipan* 
neojixna ponje. 
\f& paepon aba&lebe. 
bjuhtnep militnim* 
ealle op dnum* 
}7a he )7ap eoji'San jepcedp 
paefcpe plite beojihcum- 
3 6n populb penbe. 
}7aBjie hata^ ylbe^. 
eoji'8-btienbe. 
pipon polc-pejiap. 
pafe-polban bs&l^- 
bjidbe bebuje'S. 
beophtnim ptpedmum* 
he beledc titan* 
on }78epe e'Syl-typp. 
ni'8'8ap pmba*S. 
nedn ;j peoppan- 
jolb ^ jym-cynn. 



the well-brook : 

no clouds as yet 

over the ample ground 

bore rains 

lowering with wind ;* 

yet with fruits stood 

earth acloni'd^ 

Held their onward course 

river-streams 
10 four noble ones 

from the new 

Paradise. 

These were parted, 

by the Lord's might, 

all from one 

(when he this earth created) 

water with beauty bright, 

and sent into the world ; 

of which thejirst men call 
20 (earth's inhabitants), 

{th^ men of the country) Pison, 

the mai'ine parts 

it widely compasseth : 

with its bright streams 

he shut it out. 

In that country 

men find, 

from near and far, 

gold and gems 



" I doubt the correctness of the translation of this line ; to justify it we ought 
to have panne in the original. 

^ The MS. seems to be defective in this place, no mention being made of Pison 
being ^^ first, analogously with the other three, and which is necessary to the 
construction and sense. 

^ It seems not improbable that by j'»-j:olban bsel is intended a translation of 
the land of Havilah; yet I am not aware of the existence of its first syllable, Hav, 
sea, in Anglo-Saxon, though the usual word for ocean in Danish. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



15 



5tim.);eoba beapn. 
•fia feleftan. 
]?aBf ]fe tif fecja'B bee. 
J?onne feo »pfcjie. 
ethiopia lanb* 
^ leob-jeapb* 
bellje'8 titon* 
jinne pice- 
J?8&jie if jedn noma- 
}7jubba if tljpif • 
feo PI'S J?e<5bfcip^. 
ei m flebe* 
afpjuae bell's, 
fpilce if feo peoji'Se. 
J?a nu jeonb folc monij 
pejiaf etifjiaten. 
pibe nemna'S.* 



* 



# 



# 



« 



iff 



iff 



iff 



10 



* * * [13] 

ac motaiS inc J?»f o'Sjief eallef • 

poplaefca'8 )?one s&nn^ be^tn* 

papa's inc pi^S ]?one pseffcni. ao 

ne pyji*S mc pilna js&b. 



(M^ children of men) 

the most excellent^ 

from what books tell us. 

Then the next 

the Ethiop-land 

and territory 

encompasseth^ 

ample realms ; 

its name is Gihon. 

27i€ third is Tigris, 

which towards the nation 

(the river in its flow) 

of Assyria lieth. 

Thus is the fourth, 

that now, 'mongst many folks, 

men Euphrates 

widely call. 



but enjoy every other, 
abstain from that one tree, 
beware of that fruit, 
let it not be to you a goad of de- 



sires. 



* Here a leaf appears to have been cut out of the MS. 



16 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



hni^on ]7a mib hea}:bum* 

heopon-cynin je • 

jeojine tojednej'. 

^ j-aebon eallej- ]7anc* 

lifta ^ fapa Idjva- 

he let: heo f lanb btian* 

hpsepf him ]7a to heopenum 

hahj bjuhten. 

ftiiS-pejih^ cymnj. 

jicdb hif hanb-jepeojic« 

j-omob on fanbe. 

nyfton fopja piht. 

td bejjiopmanne. 

butan heo jobef pillan* 

lenjepc laejren. 

heo psejion leof jobe. 

•fienben heo hij- hah^e p6jib- 

healban polbon* 



10 



IV. 



[14] 



21 



JJaepbe pe ealpalba- 
enjel-cynna- 
fujih hanb-maejen. 
hah J bjiihfcen. 
fcyne ^eqiymebe. 
]78em he jetjiupobe peL 
f hie hip ponjoppcipe. 
pyhjan polben. 
pyjicean hip pillan- 
popfon he him jepic popjeap- 
^ mib hip hanbum jepcedp. 30 
hah J bjuhten- [lice* 

jepett haepbe he hie ppa jepafehj- 
s^nne haepbe he ppa ppi*Sne je- 
pojihfcne. 



Then bowed they with their heads 

to the heavenly Kmg^ 

fervently before him^ 

and said thanks for all^ 

forthosecounselsandinstructions. 

He let them that land inhabit ; 

departed then to heaven 

the holy Lord, 

the Eling firm of mind. 

His hand-work stood 

together on earth ; 

they knew not aught of sorrows 

to bewail, 

but they God's will 

long performed ; 

they were dear to God 

while they his holy word 

would hold. 

IV. 

The All-powerful had 
angel-tribes, 
through might of hand, 
the holy Lord, 
ten* established, 
in whom he trusted well 
that they his service 
would follow; 
work his will ; 
therefore gave he them wit, 
and shaped them with his hands ; 
the holy Lord. 

He had placed them so happily, 
one he had made so power- 
ful. 



» Thus JElfric, 'f& jepojihte he tyn enjla pejiob.' See Rask, Gram. p. 194. 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 17 

rpdmihtijneonhif in6b-je}>ohte. so mighty in his mind's thought^ 

he lefc hme ppa miclej- pealban* he let him sway over so much^ 

hehftne to hun on heopona highest after himself in heaven's 

jilce- [poyihtne- kingdom, 

hsefbe he hme jyeL hpitne je- He had made him so fair, 

fpa pynLc p«f hif paej-tm on heo- so beauteous was his form in hea- 

ponum* ven, 

f hun com pjiom pejioba bjuht- that came to him from the Lord 

ne* Qium* ofhosts^ 

jelic p»f he }?am leohtum pteoji- he was like to the light stars. 

Idp pceolbe he bjuhtnep pyji- It was his to work the praise of 

cean* the Lord, 

byjian pceolbe he h!p bjieamap it was his to hold dear his joys in 

on heoponum* heaven^ 

^ pceolbe hip bjuhtne J^ancian* lo and to thank his Lord 

y»Y lednep 'pe he him on }^am for the reward that he had be* 

leohte ^epcejiebe* stow'd on him in that light ; 

]7onne letehehiphme lanjepeal- then had he let him long possess 

ban- it; 

dc he apenbe hit lum to pyppan but he turned it for himself to a 

}^in2e* worse thing, 

6npLn him pmn tip-ahebban* began to raise war upon him^ 

piiS }?one hehptan heopnep peal- against the highest Ruler of hea-< 

benb. ven, 

'pe pite"? on J^am hal^an ptdle. who sitteth in the holy seat, 

beope p«p h6 bpihtne tipum- Dear was he to our Lord^ 

ne mihte himbebyjineb pypt'San. but it might not be hidden from 

f hip enjyl onjan. that his angel began [him 

dpepmdb pepan. ao to be presumptuous, 

dh<5p hme pi's hip heappan. raised himself against his Master, 

pohte hete-pppsece* sought speech of hate, 

jylp-popb dn^ean- words of pride towards him, 

nolbe jobe }?eopian* would not serve God, 

cpae* f hip lie paepe. said that his body was 

leoht ^ pc^ne. light and beauteous, 

hpit "3 hiop-beopht. fair and bright of hue : 



18 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



n^ meahte h6 SBt hff hije pnban 
f he jobe polbe. 
jednjejibome. 
)7e6bne J?eopian. 
}7uhfce him fylpim. 
f he maajyn tJ cpaejic. 
mdjian ha&pbe. 
)?onne pe halja 50b. 
habban mihte* 

polc-jeptaelna« [^5] 10 

peala popba jeppasc- 
pe enjel opepmdbep. 
J>ohte )?uph hip dnep cpsepfc. 
hd he him ptpenjhcpan. 
ptol jepdphfce- 
heahpan on heoponum- 
*cp8e*S f hme hip hlje ppeone. 
f he pepc T HOP'S, 
pyjicean onjuniie- 
fcpymebe jetimbpo- 
cp»^ him tpeo-)?uhte- 
^ he j^be polbe. 
jeonjjia peop*San. 
hpaefc pceal ic pmnan cpae'S he 
nip me pihta& J^eapp- 
heappan to habbanne* 
ic maej mib hanbum j^pa pela- 
ptinbpa jepypcean. 
ic haebbe jepealb micel. 
CO jjjipanne. 
joblecjian pt61. 

heajipan on heopne- [pian. 

hpy pceal Ic aepteji hip hylbo "Seo- 
bujanhlm ppilcepjeonjojibdmep. 
ic maej pepan job ppa he. 
bljptanba'Sme ptpanje jeneafcaj*. 



20 



30 



he might not find in his mind 

that he would God 

in subjection^ 

his Lord^ serve : 

Seem'd to himself 

that he a power and force 

had greater 

than the holy God 

could have 

of adherents. 

Many words spake 

the angel of presumption : 

thought, through his own power, 

how he for himself a stronger 

seat might make, 

higher in heaven : 

said that him his mind impelled, 

that he west and north 

would begin to work, 

would prepare structures : 

said it to him seemed doubtful 

that he to God would 

be a vassal. 

* Why shall I toil ? ' said he ; 

* to me it is no whit heedful 
to have a superior ; 

I can vpith my hands as many 

wonders work ; ^ 

I have great power 

to form 

a diviner throne, 

a higher in heaven. 

Why shall I for his favour serve, 

bend to him in such vassalage ? 

I may be a god as he. 

Stand by me, strong associates. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



19 



)7a ne pillaiS me Bet J^am ftjii^e who will not fail me in the strife. 
bsBle)?af heajibmobe* [jefplcan* Heroes stem of mood, 
hie habbaiS me to heajijian jeco- they have chosen me for chiefs 
ji6j:e juncaf . Qiene* renowned warriors ! 

mib J7>ilcum maaj man jw&b ;e- with such may one devise coun- 
)?encean* sel^ 



pdn mibj7>ilcumpolG-jejteallan 

Fpynb jynb hie mine jeojine- 

holbe on hyjia hyje-fceajrtum. 

ic maej hJTia heajijia pefan- 

p2§ban on J?if jiice. 

fpa me f juhfc ne ]?inceiS. 

f ic oleccan* 

fipiht ]?ujipe* 

jobe aepfceji j<5be aenejum. 



10 



with such capture his adherents ; 

they are my zealous friends, 

faithful in their thoughts ; 

I may be their chieftain^ 

sway in this realm : 

thus to me it seemeth not right 

that I in aught 

need cringe 

to God for any good ; 



ne pille ic lenj hip jeonjpa pup- I will no longer be his vassal.' 



20 



]?a hit pe allpalba- 

eall jehypbe. 

^ hip enjyl onjan* 

opepmebe micel- 

ahebban yr6 hip heappaii* 

T ppp»c heahj p6pb. 

boUice prS bpihten plnne. 

pceolbe he J^a bs&b onjylban* 

pope ]7aep jepmnep 'jebs^lan* 

^ pceolbe hip plte habban* 

ealpa mop*8pa m«pfc» [ 16 ] 

ppa be^ monna jehpilc* 

pe PI'S hip palbenb. 

pmnan onjynneS. [ten 



[Jan. When the All-powerful it 
all had heard, 
that his angel devised 
great presumption 
to raise up against his master^ 
and spake proud words 
foolishly against hiii Lord, 
then must he expiate the deed, 
share the work of war, 
and for his punishment must have 
of all deadly ills the greatest. 
So doth every man 
who against his Lord 
deviseth to war. 



mib ra&ne -pxS ]7one m{6pan bpih- with crime against thegreat Ruler. 
J>a peap^ pe mihtija jeboljen. 31 Then was the Mighty angry, 
hehpta heoponep palbenb • the highest Ruler of heaven, 

peapp hme op pan hedn ptdle. hurled him from the lofty seat ; 
hete haepbe he aet hip heappan hate had he gain'd at his Lord, 
jupunnen • 

c 2 



20 CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 

hylb h»j:be hif pejilojiene* his fai^our he had lost^ 

jji£m peaji"? hun f e 5<5ba on hif incensed with him was the Good 

mdbe- in his mind^ 

FOjiJ^onhej-ceolbejjxtlnbjefecan- therefore he must seek the gulf 
heapbef helle-plfcef . of hard hell-torment, 

J?8Bf ye he pann pi"? heofnef pal- for that he had warr'd with hea- 

benb- ven^s Ruler. [vour, 

£cpae^ hme ]7a fjiam hip hylbo. He rejected him then from his fa- 
;j hme on helle peajip* and cast him into hell^ 

on ]>a beopan bdlap* * into the iieep parts, 

J^aeji he to beople peajiiS. where he became a devil ; 

pepeonbmibhipjepejiumeallum- the fiend with all his comrades 
peoUon ]?£ upon op heopnum. ii fell then from heaven above, 
]7uph lonje j^a J^jieo nihc 7 ba- through as long as three nights 

jap- and days, 

]?a enjlap op heopnmn on helle- the angels from heaven into hell ; 
^ heo aUe poppcedp bjuhten to and them all Me Lord transform'd 

beoplum* to devils, 

pop]7on heo hip baSb "5 pdpb. [17] because they his deed and word 
nolbon peop'Sian. would not revere > 

pop]7on )7e heo on pyjipe leoht- therefore them in a worse light, 
unbep eoji*8an neo'San- under the earth beneath, 

aellmihtij job- Almighty God 

pette pjeleape . 20 had placed triumphless 

on ]7a ppeaptan helle- in the swart hell ; 

Ji«ji ha&bba'S heo on 8§pyn- there they have at even, 

tinjemet lanje* immeasurably long, 

ealpa peonba jehpilc- each of all the fiends, 

pyji-4bneope* a renewal of fire ; 

]>onne cym*8 on uhtan. then cometh ere dawn 

eaptejiue pmb. Me eastern wind, 

poppt pyjiniun calb. frost bitter-cold, 

pymble pyp o'8'Se j^p* ever fire or dart** ; 

pum heapb jeppmc* 30 some hard torment 

* The MS. has bala. 

^ i. e, cold, piercing as a dart. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



21 



habban fceolbon- 

pojihte man hit him to plte* 

hyjia pojiulb p»f jehpyjipeb. 

fop mdn-p'Se*« 

fylbe helle* 

mib ]?am anbpacum* 

heolbon enjlap pop's* 

heopon-picep heh^e- 

ye 8&P jobej hylbo jelaepton- 



they must have, [nishment, 

it was wrought for them in pu- 
their world (life) was changed: 
for their sinful course 
he filled hell 
with the apostates. 

The angels continued to hold 
the heights of heaven's kingdom, 
those who ere God's pleasure ex- 



11 



ao 



ecuted ; 
lajon y& o'Spepynb on pam pype. the others lay fiends in the fire, 

who ere had had so much 
strife with their Ruler ; 
torment they suffer, 
burning heat intense, 
in midst of hell, 
fire and broad flames ; 
so also the bitter reeks 
fimoke and darkness ; 
for that they the service 
of God neglected, 
them their folly deceived 
the angel's pride, 
they would not the All-powerfiirs 
word revere* 

They had great torment ; 
then were they fall'n 
to the fiery abyss, 
into the hot hell, 
through phrensy 
and through pride ; 
they sought another land, 
that was void of light, 
and was full of flame. 



}?e s§p ppa peala hsepbon* 

jepmnep pi"? heopa palbenb. 

pifce ]7oha'S* 

hime hea'So-pelm- 

helle fco-mibbep. 

bpanb 3 bpdbe lijap. [ 18 ] 

ppilce e&c pa. bifcepan pecap. 

}?popm 3 J^yptpo. 

f op)7on hie J^ejnpcipe* 

5obep popjymbon- 

hie hypa jdl beppdc- 

enjlep opephyjb* 

nolbon alpealban* 

pdpb peop)7ian. 

hsepbon pite micel* 

papon pi. bepeallene- 

pype to botme. 

on ]7a h^tan hell« 

fuph hyjeleapte. 

^ J7uph opepmetto- 

pohton o)>ep lanb« 

^ paep leohtep leaj-. 

^ paep lijep pdll- 



30 



» The MS. and Junius read jrojiman j-iVe, but the arrangement of the syllables 
adopted in the text affords a better, and probably the genuine sense. 



22 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



jiyjief }:a&ji micel. 

yynb onjefcon* 

f hie haejibon jepjuxleb- 

pita tinjiim- 

)7uph heojia iniclan mdb* 

^ J?uph mihfc jobef . 

^ )7ujih opepmetto- 

ealjia fpi^oft- 

]7a j'ppsec ye opepmdba cymn; 

]7e sfeji paBf enjla j'cynopt- 

hpifctopt on heopnen. 

^ hip he^jijian ledp. 

bpihtne bype- 

0*8 hie to bdle pujibon. 

f him foji 5dlpcipe. 

job pylpa peak's . 

inihtij on mdbe yjijie- 

peapp hme on f mdjiiSeji-lnnan 

ni'Seji on f nid bebb. 

^ fcedp him naman p^^an* 20 

cpaeiS f pe hehpta* 

hdtan fceolbe- 

patan pi^iSan. 

h^t hme J^aepe ppedptan- 

helle jjitinbep jyman- 

nallep pi*8 job pitman* 

pdtan md^elobe* 

popjienbe ppjiaec- 

pe'Se helle pop^. 

healban pceolbe- 

jyman J^aep jptinbep. 

paep fifep jobep enjel. 

hpit on heopne. 

0*8 hine hip hyje popppedn- 

^ hip opepmetto. 

eSJpa ppi'Sopt. 



30 



a great receptacle of fire. 

The fiends perceived 
that they in exchange had got 
unnumber'd pains, 
through their great pride, 
and through God's might, 
and through arrogance 
most of all. 

Then spake the haughty king, 
who of angels erst was brightest, 
fairest in heaven, 
beloved of his master, 
to his Lord dear, 
until they turned to folly ; 
so that with him for his madness 
God himself became, 
the Mighty, angry in mind, 
cast him into that house of perdi- 
down on that new bed, [tion, 
and after gave him a name : 
said that the highest 
should be call'd 
Satan thenceforward ; 
bade him the swart 
hell's abyss rule, 
not with God war. 

Satan harangued, 
sorrowing spake, 
he who hell thenceforth 
should rule, 
govern the abyss. 
He was erst God's angel, 
fair in heaven, 
until him his mind urged, 
and his pride 
most of all. 



c^dmon's paraphrase. 



23 



f he ne polbe- 

pejieba bjiihfcnef . 

p6jib puji^ian* 

peoll him on Innan* 

hyje ymb hiy hedjitan* 

hit psef him titan* 

ppa'Slic pite. 

he)7apopbecp««. 

ip yey aenjaptebe injelic ppiiSe^ 

^am o'Sjium ^e pe fi^ji cu'Son* lo 

hein on faeopon-jiice* [ 19 ] 

}7e me mlu heapjia onla;* 

]7eah pe hine pop ]7am alpealban* 

djan ne mopton* 

jidmijan tijiep picep. 

naepS he J^eah juhc jebdn. 

f he up haepS bepylleb* 

pyjie to b6tme. 

helle ]78&pe hatan* 

heopon-pice bentimen* 20 

hif3c6 hit jemeapcob. 

mib mon^cynne* 

to jepettanne* 

f me ip popja maejt;. 

^ abam pceal* 

}7e paep op eopiSan jepopht. 

minne ptponjhcan. 

ptdl behealban* 

pepan him on pyiine. 

•5 pe ]7ip pite )7ohen* ao 

heapm on J^ippe helle. 

pd Id ahte ic mlnpa hanba ;e- 

^ mopte dne tib- [pedlb. 

tite peop*8an. 

pepan dne pmtep-ptunbe. 

)?onne ic mib ]?yp pepobe. 



that he would not 

the Lord of hosts' 

word revere ; 

boil'd within him 

his thought about his heart, 

hot was without him 

his dire punishment. 

Then spake he the words : 

^This narrow place is most unlike 

that other that we ere knew^ 

high in heaven's kingdom, 

which my master bestow'd on me, 

though we it, for the All-powerful, 

may not possess^ 

must cede our realm ; 

yet hath he not done rightly 

that he hath struck us down 

to the fiery abyss 

of the hot hell, 

bereft us of heaven's kingdom, 

hath it decreed 

with mankind 

to people. 

That of sorrows is to me the 

that Adam shall, [greatest^ 

who of earth was wrought, 

my strong 

seat possess, 

be to him in delight, 

and we endure this torment, 

misery in this hell. 

Oh had I power of my hands, 

and might one season 

be without, 

be one winter's space, 

then with this host I — 



24 



C^DMON S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



&c Iic^aiS me ymbe. 

ipen-benbaf- 

jiibe^S pacentan pfl. 

ic eom jiicef leaf. 

habba'S me fpa faeajibe* 

belle clommaf • 

F«ffce bepanjen- 

heji If yfji micel- 

Ufan "J neoiSone* 

ic d ne jefeah. 

IdiSpan lanbfcipe* 

lij ne afpama'S*. 

hit ofep belle* 

me babbaiS hpm^a jefpon j 

fhiJ-heapba ffl- 

p*8ef amyppeb. 

apyppeb me min fe'8e- 

f6t fynfc jebtinbene- 

h^ba jebs^fte* 

fynfc ]?iff a hel-bopa» 

pejaf foppdphfce. 

fpa ic mib pihfce ne masj* 

op )7iffum lid^o-benbum- 

licja'S me ymbufcan* 

hedpbef ipenef • 

hdfce jefl«5ene. 

jpmblaf ^ 5peafce- 

mib ]?y me job hapa'S* 

jehaepfceb be )7am bealpe. 

fpa ic pte he minne hije cu'Se- 

■j f piffce eac* si 

pepoba bpihfcen- 



20 



But 'around me lie 

iron bonds, 

presseth this cord of chain : 

I am powerless ! 

me have so hard 

the clasps of hell, 

so firmly grasped ! 

Here is a vast fire 

above and underneath, 

never did I see 

a loathlier landskip ; 

the flame abateth not, 

hot over hell. [wngs. 

Me hath the clasping of these 

this hard-polish'd band, 

impeded in my course, 

debarred me from my way } 

my feet are bound, 

my hands manacled, 

of these hell-doors are 

the ways obstructed, 

so that with aught I cannot 

from these limb-bonds escape : 

about me lie 

of hard iron 

forg'd with heat 

huge gratings, 

with which me God 

hath fasten'd by the neck ; 

thus perceive I that he knoweth 

and that knew also [my mind, 

the Lord of hosts, * 



» Lye reads aj-paniatJ, which he seems to have copied from Somner. The 
Manuscript and Junius have ajpamatJ : the translation is conjecture, from the 
context. 

^ jjiinblaj-, literally hurdles or lattice-work. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 25 

f )*ceolbe unc* ab^me* that should us through Adam 

ypele jepuji^San. evil befall^ 

ymb f heofon-jiice* about the realm of heaven, 

^sejiicahteminjiahanba^epealb* where I had power of my hands^ , > 

4k Jk ♦/V 



» 



VII. VIL 

» # # 

* * * [21] [in hell, 

ac 'Solia'S pe nti )?jiea on helle* but we now suffer chastisement 
f fynbon ]>yft}io ^ haeto* which are darkness and heat, 

jjiunme jjumbleaj^- grini> bottomless ; 

hapfS uf job rylpt- [taf • Grod hath us himself 

fopfpapen on ]>af J7>eaptan mif - swept into these swart mists ; 
ppa he Uf ne msej s&mje jynne thus he cannot us accuse of any 

jefts^lan* [pjiemebon^ sin, [fram'd evil : 

f pe him on ^am lanbe l&S je- that we against him in the land 
he h»jr8uf J>eah]78ef leohtep be- yet hath he depriv'd us of the 

fcyjiebe. light, [torments : 

bep<5ppenonealpapitam8epte*i3 cast us into the greatest of all 
ne majon pe ]78ep ppdce jepjiem- we may not for this execute ven- 

man* geance, D^ity, 

jelednian hun mib WSey pihte* reward him with aught of hosti- 
f he up hapa'S ]7aep leohtep be- because he hath bereft us of the 

pcyjiebe- [mibban-jeajib- light, 

he hddfS nu jeme&pcob dnne He hath now devis'd a world 
]?8&]i he ha&pS mon jepojihtne* where he hath wrought man 
ddpceji hip onlicneppe- after his otvn likeness, 

mib J?am he pde ept jepefcfcan. with whom he will repeople 
heopona pice mib hluttjium pau- the kingdom of heaven, with pure 

lum. souls; [ously, 

pe J78&P pculon hycjan jeopne- m therefore must we strive zeal- 
^peondb^e jip pe aSpjie maejen. that we on Adam, if we ever may, 
3 on hip eappum ppa pome dnban and likewise on his offspring, our 

jebecan* wrongs repair, 

> unc, U8 two, seems to refer to the Deity and himself (Satan), 



26 CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 

onpenban him J^seji pillan jmef. corrupt him there in his will, 
jip pe hit maejen pihte a)?encan* if we may it in any way devise. 
*ne jelype ic me nu Jyaep leohtep Now I have no confidence further 

jniji'Soji* in this bright state, 

]?aef J?e him J^enceiS lanje ni<5- that which he seems long de^ 

fcan. stin'd to enjoy, 

J?aef edbef mib hip enjla cjiaepte. that bliss with his angels' power, 
nemajonpejyaeconalbpejepmnan* We cannot that ever obtain, 
f pe mihfcijep jobep m<5b onpa6- that we the mighty God's mind 

cen. weaken; 

uton onpenban hic nu monna let us avert it now from the 

beajinum* children of men, 

f heopon-pice nu pe hic habban that heavenly kingdom, now we 

ne moton* may not have it ; [favour, 

jebdn f hie hip hylbo pojiMten. let us so do that they forfeit his 
f hie f onpenbon f he mib hij- that they pervert that which he 

pdjibe bebedb. with his word commanded ; 

]7onne peoji*8 he him pjid^ on then with them will he be wroth 

m6be« in mind, 

^pefc"* hie pjiom hip hylbo- 13 will cast them from his favour, 
J?onnepculon hie ]>ap helle pecan- then shall they seek this hell, 
3 ]>ap jjumman jjitinbap. and these grim depths ; 

^onne moton pe hie tip fco jion- then may we them have to our- 

^um habban- selves as vassals, 

pijia bedjm on J?ippum paeptum the children of men, in this fast 

clomme- durance. 

onjmnaiS nu ymb J?a pyjibe J^en- Begin we now about the warfare 

cean. to consult :— 

jip ic senejum J^ejne- [ 22 ] If to any follower I 
)>eoben-mabmaj*. 20 princely treasures 

jedjia popjeape. gave of old, 

J^enben pe on )7an jdban pice- while we in that good realm 

* This seems to refer to Adam's condition ; and of course hi/ would also refer 
to Adam, who was created like the angels. 

^ This interpretation of ihpex; seems to be countenanced by the line ' jrlan 
man hplret^' in the "Riming Poem** given in Conybeare's Illustrations, p. xxiii. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



27 



^ haefbon ixjie fetla jepeflb. 

)?onne he me na on leojrjian &ib« 

lednum ne meahte.t 

mine jipe jylban* 

jip hif pen polbe. 

mlnpa J^ejna hpilc- 

jej^apa pup^an- 

f he tip heonon* 

tite mihfce. lo 

cuman ]7ujih J?af cluptpo- 

^ haepbe cjiaepfc mib him- 

^ he mib peSep-hdman* 

pleojan meahte- 

pmban on polcne. 

J?aeji jepojihfc ptonbaiS* 

£bam ^ eue* 

on eoji'S-pice- 

mib pelan bepunben- 

■] pe pynb apoppene hibep- 20 

on ]7ap beopan balo- 

nu hie bpihtne pynt. 

pup'Span micle- 

3 mdcon him *8one p61an djan* 

pe pe on heopon-pice* 

habban pceolbon* 

pice mib pihce. 

ip j-e ps&b jepcypeb. 

monna cynne- 

f me ip on minum mdbe ppa p^p 

on minum hyje hpeope*8. 

f hie heopon-pice. 

ajan fco albpe. 

pp hit eopep aenij maeje. 

jepenban mib phte. 

^ hie p<5pb 5obep. 



31 



happy sate 

and in our seats had sway^ 

then me he never, at time more 

could with recompence [pi'etious, 

my gift repay ; 

if in return for it he would 

(any of my followers) 

be mt/ supporter ; 

so that up from hence, he 

forth might 

pass through these barriers ; 

and had power with him, 

that he with wings 

might fly, 

revolve in cloud, 

to where stand wrought 

Adam and Eve, 

on earth's kingdom, 

with weal encircled, 

and we are hither cast 

into this deep den. — 

Now with the Lord are they 

far higher in esteem, [possess 

and may for themselves that weal 

that we in heaven's kingdom 

should have, 

our realm by right ; 

this counsel is decreed 

for mankind. [painful. 

That to me is in my mind so 

rueth in my thought, ' 

that they heaven's kingdom 

for ever shall possess. 

If any of you may 

with aught so turn it, 

that they God's word 



28 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



Idjie ]:ojil8&t:en* 

f<5na hie him ]?e M'Sjian beoiS* 

jif hie* bjieca'S hlf jebdbfcipe* 
\fonne he him abol^en pup'Se'S. 

piSiSan bK him fe pela onpenb- 
eb- 

T PyP^ ^^^ P^^ jejeajipob. 

ptim heapb hajim-pceapu- 

hycjaiS hij- ealle. 

hu je hi beppicen* 

p'S'San ic me pejt^ mae;« lo 

pertan on J^yjpim jiacenfcum. 

PF tim f jilce lopa*. 

pe]7e ^ jelaejtJe'S. 

him bi^ lein jeapo- 

tBfceji fco albjie* 

)?8&f pe h^ji mne ma^on* 

on yyrpim jzfjie jzoji^. 

jrjiemena ^epmnan* 

ptt;an Mfce ic hme piiS me yylyne' 

fpa hpa fpa ^ pecjan cyme's. 20 

on ^ap hdtan helle* 

f hie heopon-cynmjep- 

unpup'Shce* 

p<5}ibum ^ bsgbum* 

]dpe 



through guile forsake> 

soon shall they be the more hate* 

ful to hun: 
if they break his commandment, 
then will he be incensed against 

them^ 
afterwards will the weal be 

tum'd from them, [prepared, 
and for them pimishment will be 
some hard lot of eyil. 
Think ye all of this, 
how ye may deceive them ; 
then can I fast 

rest me in these chains, [them, 
if the kingdom shall pass from 
He who shall that effect, 
for him shall recompense be ready, 
for ever after, 
of what we herein may, 
in this fire henceforth, 
gain of advantages : 
him will I let sit by myself, 
whoever that shall come to say, 
into this hot hell, 
that they heaven's king's 
unworthily, 
by words and deeds ' 



X 



''Anjan hme J?a jyjipan. [ 23 ] 
jobep inbpaca* 
ptip on ppsStyum. 



Began then himself equip 
the apostate from God, 
prompt in arms ; 



a The MS. has he. 

^ In the lost part of the poem it would seem that one of Satan's angels had 
volunteered to undertake the commission to tempt Adam and Eve. 



C^DMON*» PARAPHRASE. 



29 



hasfbe p6cne hyje. 

haeleiS helm on heapob afette* 

^ J>6ne jrtill hedjibe ^eb^b* 

ppenn mib fp^jum* 

pijt:e him j*p]ts6ca ji^la* 

pojia pojiba'- 

panb him^ tip J^anon* 

hpeapf him** ]7ujih ]7a hell-bojia* 

hsBpbe hyje ffcjianjne. 

Ie6lc on lypte^ lo 

laj^enbe m6b« 

j^dnj f ffji on fcpd. 

pednbep qiaSpfce. 

polbe bedjmun^a* 

bjuhfcnef jeonjjian. 

mib mdn-bs^bmn* 

menn bepplcan* 

pojiMban ^ popMjian- 

^ hie pujibon \£S jobe^ 

he ]7a jep^jibe* 20 

J?ujih peonbep cp«pfc. 

o'S'Sset he dbam* 

on eojvS-jiice. 

jobep hdnb-jepceipt* 

jedjione ptlnbe. 

pifhce jepdjihfc-" 

^ hif pip fdmeb. 

pjie6 pajjxopte. 

ppa hie pela cti'Son- 

jdbep 5ejeAppi5ean- 

}7d him fco jinjjian pelp. 

metot man-cynnep. 

meapcobe pelpa- 



30 



he had a crafty soul. 

On his head the chief his helmet 

and it full strongly bounds [set^ 

braced it with clasps : 

he many speeches knew 

of guileful words, 

wheel'd up from thence, 

departed through the doors of hell: 

{he had a strong mind) 

lion-like in air, 

in hostile mood, 

dashM the fire aside 

with a fiend's power : 

would secretly 

the subjects of the Lord, 

with wicked deeds, 

men deceive, 

mislead and pervert, 

that they might become hateful to 

He journeyM then, [God. 

through his fiend's might, 

imtil he Adam 

on earth's kingdom, 

the creature of God's hand, 

found ready, 

wisely wrought, 

and his wife also, 

fairest woman ; 

Just as they knew many things 

of good to frame, 

which to them his disciples 

the Creator of mankind 

had himself pointed out ; 



■ pjiafjia pojiba in marg. MS. 

*» After verbs signifying departure, him seems to be used pleonastically ; as, 
xe/at him, hpeajij: him, panb hira. 



30 



CiEDMON S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



^ him bi tpejen. 

bedmaj* ft<5bon« 

fa paepon titan* 

6f3^tey jehbebene. 

jepejieb mib paeptme. 

j'pa hie pdlbenb job- 

heah heopon-cyninj. 

Hanbum jepecte* 

f ]^«p ylbp beajin* 

mopte dnceopan* 

jdbep "3 ypelep. 

pimena aejhpilc^ 

pelan ^ pdpan- 

na^r pe pa&pfcm jelic. 

oiSeppsepppapynhc. 

phtij ^ pcene. 

lis "3 loppum. 

f paep lipep be^« 

mopfce on ecnippe. 

aeptep lybban* 

pej-an on populbe. 

pe J^aep paeptmep onbdt- 

ppa him «pteji )^y. 

ylbo ne bejiebe* 

ne ptihfc pp^pe. 

ac mojt;e pymle pepan* 

lunjjie on lupcum. 

^ hip lip djan. 

hylbo heopon-cymnjep* 

hep on populbe habban* 

him to pa&pon pitobe. 

5e)7mj]70 on J?one hedn heopon* 

J?onne heo heonon penbe. [ 24 ] 

J?onne paep pe o^ep. 

eallenja ppeapt- 

bim ^ J?yptpe. 



20 



30 



and by them two 

trees stood^ 

that were without 

laden with fruit, 

with produce covered, 

as them the powerful God, 

high King of heaven, 

with his hands had set, 

that there the child of man 

might choose 

of good and evil, 

every man 

of weal and woe. • 

The fruit was not alike :••• 

The one so pleasant was, 

fair and beautiful, 

soft and delicate ; • 

that was life's tree : 

he might for ever 

after live, 

be in the world, 

who of this fruit tasted, 

so that him after that 

age might not impair, 

nor grievous sickness ; 

but he might ever be 

forthwith in joys, 

and his life hold ; 

the favour of heaven's king, 

here in the world have, 

to him should be decreed 

honours in the high heaven 

when he goeth hence : 

Then was the other 

utterly black, 

dim and dark ; 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



31 



10 



f paef be&Sey bedm* 

f e ba6p bltpef pela* 

fceolbe bti pltan* 

ylba aejhpilc. 

yplep T j<5ber. 

jepanob on J^ipfe pojiulbe- 

fceolbe on pice &• 

mib ppdte ^ mib pojijum. 

p'S'San libban* 

ppa hpa ppa jeb^jbe. 

J?aef on \>axn beime jepeox. 

jxeolbe hme ylbo beniman* 

ellen-bafeba. 

bjie^ap "3 bjuhcpcipep- 

^ him be<5n be&S pcyjieb. 

lyfcle hpile pceolbe he. 

hip lipep niofcan. 

pecan J^onne lanba* 

ppeapcopfc on pyjie- 

pceolbe peonbum ]?eopian« ao 

]7aep ip ealjia pjiecna maepte- 

leobum to lanjjie hpile- 

"Saefc pipfce pe WSa jeojine. 

byjine beoplep bdba* 

}?e PI'S bjuhten pann* 

peapp hme J^a 6n pyjimep lie • [25] 

^ panb him )?a ymbutan* 

}K)ne bea'Sep bedm* 

J?ujih beoplep cji»pt- 

jendm ]7»ji ]7»p opaecej-. 

^ penbe hme epc J^anon* 

pBdji he pijre hanb-jepeopc 

heopon-cynmjep . 

on^on hme J^a pjilnan* 

pojiman pdpbe. 

j-e Id^a mib lijenum- 



30 



that was death's tree, 

which much of bitter bare : 

both must know 

every mortal, 

evil and good : 

waned in this world, 

he in pain must ever 

with sweat and with sorrows, 

after live, 

whoe'er should taste 

of what on this tree grew ; 

age should from him take 

of bold deeds 

the joys and of dominion, 

and death be him allotted : 

a little while he should 

his life enjoy, 

then seek of lands 

with fire the swartest ; 

to fiends should minister, 

where of all perils is the greatest 

to people for a long season. 

That the foe well knew, 

the devil's dark messenger, 

who warr'd with God, 

cast him then into a wonn's body, 

and then twin'd about 

the tree of death ; 

through devil's craft : 

there took of the fruit, 

and again tum'd him thence 

to where he knew the handy- work 

of heaven's king to he^ 

Began then ask him 

with his first word, 

the enemy with lies :• 



32 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE* 



lanja^ )?e apuht:- 

ib&m tip fed jobe- 

ic eom on hif sepenbe hibeji- 

peojijian jepejieb- 

n6 f nu FJTin ne psBf - 

^ ic piiS hme jylpie past* 

J?d het he me on J^jjne jr6 jii- 

pan- 
het f )7u J^ifr^r ojzaeter cSce. 
quae's ^ ]?in ^bal 3 cpaepfc. 
^ "Sin indb-pepa. 10 

mdpa pupbe* 
3 ^In hchoma- 
leohtpa micle* 
)7in jepceapu j-c^njian. 
q?ae"8 ^ ]?e aenijep pceatep "Seajip- 
ne pujibe on populbe. 
nu ]7U pillan haeppt- 
hylbo jepophte. 
heopon-cyninjep • 
to J^ance je]7enob* ao 

J^lnum heajian* 
haeppt ]7e pi^ bjuhcen byjine 5e- 

pophtne. 
ic jehyjibe hine J^ine bsSb ;] pdjib. 
lopan on hip leohte- 
^ ymb J?in lip ppjiecan. 
Ypa. }?u laeptan pcealt. 
f on J?ip lanb hibep. 
hip boban bpmja'S- 
bpdbe pynb on pojiulbe* 
jjiene jeapbap- 
T job piteiS. 
on )?am hehptan* 
heopna jiice. 
iipan alpalba* 



30 



^ Gravest thou aught^ 

Adam^ up with God ? 

I on his errand hither have 

joumey'd from far, 

nor was it now long since 

that with himself I sate, 

when he me bade to travel on 

this journey 5 
bade that of this fruit thou eat, 
said that thy power and strength 
and thine understanding 
would become greater, 
and thy body 
brighter far, 

thy form more beauteous: [need 
said that to thee of any treasure 
would not be in the world, 
now thou hast willingly 
wrought the favour 
of heaven's King, 
gratefully serv'd 
thy Master, 
hast made thee dear with thy 

Lord. 
I heard him thy deed and words 
praise m his brightness, 
and speak about thy life : 
So must thou execute 
what hither, into this land, 
his angels bring. 
In the world are broad 
green places, 
and God ruleth 
in the highest 
realm of heaven — 
the All-powerful above 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



33 



nele J^a eajij:e"8u. 

jyljza habban- 

f he on J^jjne yviS pdjie. 

jumena bjuhfcen. 

&c he hif jmjpan j-enfc. 

fco J^inpe fpjxj^ce. 

nu he ]7e nub fpellum hefc. 

hjicaj' ls6jian* 

laeffce J?u jeopne. 

hxy ambyhto- lo 

nun ]?e ]?if ojis&t; on hanb* 

bit hit; 3 byjije- 

}7e peop^S on )?!num b]ieo]1:nun 

paeffcm )?y phtejjia* 

J>e penbe palbenb job. 

J?in heapjia J?af helpe* [ 26 ] 

op heopon-pice. 

abam ma'Selobe* 
J?»ji he on eoji^an pfcdb. 
pelp-pceapfce juma. ao 

]>onne ic pje-bpihten* 
mihtipie job- 
ma&'Slan jehyjibe- 
ptjianjjxe ptemme. 
^ me hep pfconban het. 
hip bebobu healban* 
3 me ]7ap bpyb pojijeap- 
phte pciene pip. 
^ me pajinian het- 
^ Ic on J?one bed'Sep bedm. 3o 
bebjiojien ne pujibe. 
beppicen to J7>i'8e. 
he cpa&iS f J?a ppeaptan helle. 
healban pceolbe* 
pe'Se bi hip heojitan puht. 



will not the trouble 

have himself^ 

that on this journey he should 

the Lord of men ; [come, 

but he his vassal sendeth 

to thy speech : 

now biddeth he thee, by messages, 

science to learn : — 

perform thou zealously 

his message. 

Take thee this fruit in hand ; 

bite it, and taste ; 

in thy breast thou shalt be ex- 
panded, 

thy form the fairer ;' 

to theehathsent the powerful God, 

thy Lord, this help 

from heaven's kingdom.' 
Adam spake, 

where on earth he stood, 

a self-created man : 

^ When I the Lord of triumph, 

the mighty God, 

heard speak 

with strong voice ; 

and he me here standing bade 

hold his commandments, 

and me gave this bride, 

this wife of beauteous mien ; 

and me bade beware 

that in the tree of death 

I were not deceived, 

too much seduced ; 

he said that the swart hell 

should inhabit 

he who in his heart aught 



34 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



11 



l&Sey jeMbe. 

n&c )?eah )?u mib li^enum jidpe* 

]7uph byjihe jej^anc* 

|w Jra bjiihtnef ^eajit* 

b6ba op heopaum* 

hpaet: ic )?injia byf na ne mae;* 

pdjiba ne plfna* 

pnht oncnapan- 

piSey ne pa^ona- 

ic y&c hyxt he me pelp bebeiib< 

nepjenb upeji. 

)?a Ic hine nehpt jepeah* 

he het me hip p^b peojiiSiaB' 

^ pelhealban* 

laepfcan hip Idjie. 

J?ii jelic ne blpt- 

senepim hip enjla* 

pe ic s^p jepeah. 

ne ))u me oiJiepept* 

»mj fcdcen. 

)?e he me )?uph tpeope* 

fco-onpenbe. 

mln heappa )?uph hylbo* 

py ic pe hypan ne cann* 

ac pu meaht ]?e poji'Spdpan* 

ic haebbe me paejtne ^(ele^pan- 

lip to ]7am aelmihte^an ^obe- 

];e*me mib hip eapmum fojihte* 

hep mib hanbum plnum* 

he ma&2 me op hip hean plee- so 

2;eopan mib j6ba jehpilcum* 

J^eah he hip pnjpan ne penbe:- 



20 



should admit of sin : [with lies, 

I know not (for thou mayest come 

through dark design) 

that thou art the Lord's 

messenger from heaven. 

Nay, I cannot of thy orders, 

of thy words nor courses, 

aught understand, 

of thy journey, nor of tfa/ sayings. 

I knowwhat he himself command- 

our Preserver, [ed me, 

when him last I saw : 

he bade me his words revere 

and well observe, 

execute his instructions. 

Thou art not Kke 

to any of his angels 

that I before have seen, 

nor showest thou me 

any token 

which he to me in pledge 

hath sent, 

my Lord, through favour ; 

therefore I thee cannot obey : 

but thou mayest take thee hence ; 

I have firm trust 

on the almighty God above, 

who wrought me with his arms, 

here with his hands : 

he can me^ from his high realm, 

gift with each good, 

though he send not his vassal.' 



X. 

Penbe hine pp£'8m<5b< 
|?aBp he f pip jepeah. 



X. 

He turned him wroth of mood 
to where he saw the woman. 



C^bMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



35 



10 



on eojiU-pice. 

euan ftonban* 

fceone jefceapene* 

cpss^ f fcea'Sena m»ft. 

eallum heojia eafojium* 

»ffceji p'S'San. 

pujibe on populbe^ 

ic fit mc palbenb job. 

abol jen pyji'B . [ 27 ] 

ppa Ic him J^ipne bdbpcipe. 

pelpa pecje. 

]7onne ic op J?yp pKe cume- 

opeji lanjne pej. 

f -pt ne la&ptan pel. 

hpilc aejienbe ppa he 

eapfcen hibep- 

on )?yrne pi* penbe«. 

nti pceal he pylp p£pan* 

fco incpe anbppape. 

ne m8§j hip aepenbe. » 

hip boba beoban* 

)?y ic j>ity f he mc aboljen pyp"??. 

mihtij on m<5be* 

•fff pu ]?eah minum pilt* 

pip pillenbe. 

piSpbum hypan* 

)?u meaht: hip ]?onne ptime* 

pa&b jej^encan. 

jehyje on ]?Inmn bpeopfcum. 

f 'pu Inc h&xn tpam meaht:* so 

pite bepapijan* 

ppa Ic pe pipe. 

aet l^ippep opefcep • [leohfc * • 

poime pup'Sa'S pin eajan ppa 

* Grammatically should 
d2 



on earth's reaSin^ 

Eve standing, 

beautifully formed ; 

said that the greatest ills 

to all their offspring 

from thenceforth 

in the world would be.-^ 

* I know the supremeGod vrfthyou 

will be incensed, 

as I to him this^ message 

myself relate' ; 

when I from this journejr c6ine 

over a long way ; 

that ye will not well execute 

whatsoever errand he 

from the east hither 

at this time sendeth. 

Now must he come himself 

for your answer, 

his errand may not 

his messenger command ; 

therefore know I that he with you 

will be angry, 
the Mighty, in his mind. 
If thou nathless wilt, 
a willing woman, 
my words obey, 

then for this mayest thoa amply 
counsel devise : 
consider in thy breast, 
that from you both th^oii mayest 
ward off punishment, 
as I shall show thee. 
Eat of this fruit ; [cleaf , 

then will thine eyes become so 

be fine ea^an jysL leohte. 



36 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



f ]?u meaht fpa plbe* 

ojiep pojiulb ealle* 

jefe<5n p'B'San. 

3 feljief jrfcdl. 

hejijian )?inef j habban* 

hlf hylbo pojiiJ. 

meaht ]?u abame* 

eFt-jert^ari- 

pj: ]7U hif pillan hs^pft' 

3 he ]7fnum pdpbum jetjiyp8. lo 

51F )?u him fco r<S«e r»5it:- 

hpylce J?u pelpa haepjt:* 

bipne on bjieoptum* 

f «r }>u 5ebtfb jobej- • 

Mpe laeptep- 

he ]7one M'San ptjuS* 

yjiel anbpyjibe- 

inpojilaete'S* 

on bjieoffc-copan* 

ppa pit him btitti. 

fin ppeb pppeca'8. 

fpan )?u hme jeojine* 

f he J?ine Ifijie laepfce. 

py i®r jy*^ ^^^ jobe. . 

mcjium palbenbe* 

peop«an ^yjipen. 

jip ]7U ^ anjm ppemept* 

ibepa peo betpfce. 

pojihele ic Incpum hepjian* 

^ me heajimep ppa pela- 

abam jeppjiaec- 

eapjjia p6pba» 

tyh"? me unfcjiyopSa^ 

cpy^ f ic peo teonum jeopn 

jpamum ambyhr-pecj» 

nalep jobep enjel- 



20 



30 



that thou mayest so widely 

over all the world 

see afterwards^ 

and the throne of himself 

thy Lord^ and have 

his grace henceforward. 

Thou mightest Adam 

afterwards rule, 

if thou his affection have, 

and he trust in thy words ; 

if thou soothly say to him 

what monitions thou thyself 

hast in thy breast^ 

wherefore thou God's mandate 

by persuasion hast performed, — 

he the hateful strife, 

the evil answer, 

will abandon 

in his breast's recess ; 

so we both to him 

one purpose speak : 

urge thou him zealously, 

thathe may follow thy instruction ; 

lest ye hateful to God 

your Lord 

should become. 

If thou perfect this attempt,, 

best of women, 

/ will conceal from your Lord 

that to me so much calumny 

Adam spake, 

evil words, 

accuseth me of untruths, [chiefs, 

sayeth that I am anxious for mis- 

a servant to the malignant, . 

not God's angel : 



c^dmon's paraphrase. 



37 



ac Ic cann ealle fpa ^eajie* 

enjla jebyjibo. 

heah-heofona jehlibu* 

pKf feo hpil J^aep lanj. 

f ic jeopnhce. [ 28 ] 

jobe J^ejnobe. 

J^ujih holbne hyje- 

hepjian mlnum* 

bjuhtne felpun- 

n^ eom ic beojde jelic- 



10 



XI. 

Ls&bbe hie ppa mib L^enum* 

^ mib Ljtaim ppedn- 

ibepe on f unjuht* 

ciS ^ hipe on mnan onjan* 

peallan pyjimep je)?eahfc- 

ha&pbe hipe pacjian hije. 

metob 2(emeapcob« 

f heo hipe m<5b* 

on^an laetan a&ptep ]?am Idpum* 

f op]?on heo »& ]7am MiSan on- 

opep bpihfcnep p(Spb. [penj. 

be^iSep bedmep. 

peopcpumne paepfcm. 

ne peap'8 pyppe ba^b. 

monnum ^^meapcob* 

f ip micel punbop. 

f hifc ece job. 

seppe polbe* 

]7eoben |?oLan* 

f pupbe J^ejn ppa monij. 

poplaebb be J^am lyjenum- 

}7e pop |>am Mpum com. f 29 ] 

heo J?a j?»p opaetep »t. 

alpalban bpsec* 



22 



30 



but I so readily know all 

the angels' origins^ 

the roofs of the high heavens^ 

so long was the while 

that I diligently 

served God^ 

through faithful mind^ 

my Master^ 

the Lord himself — 

I am not like a devil.' 

XI. 

He led her thus with lies, 
and with wiles instigated 
the woman to that evil, 
until began within her 
the serpent's counsel boil : 
(to her a weaker mind had 
the Creator assigned), 
so that she her mood [ments ; 
began relax, after those allure- 
therefore she of the enemy re- 
against the Lord's word, [ceived, 
of death's tree 
the noxious fruit. 

No worse deed was 
marked out for men : 
Great wonder is it 
that it God eternal 
ever would, 
the Lord, suffer, 
that so many a servant were 
misled by the lies 
that came by reason of those wiles. 

She then of the fruit ate, 
brake the Almighty's 



38 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



]7a meahte heo pibe jefedn* 

'pvLjih ptey U'San Mn« 

]?e hie mib lijenum befpdc. 

beajuienja bebpdj. 

J?e hijie foji hif bs^bum c<5m 

^ hijie )?uhte hpifcjie. 

heopon ^ eoji'Se. 

;j eall )?eor populb plitijpe. 

1 jepeojic jobep. 

micel ^ mihfcij. [)?eahfc. 

J^eah heo hit j^ujih monnep je- 

ne pceapobe. 

&c ye fcea'Sa* 

jeojine ppxcobe ymb )?a paple* 

pe hijie s^ji )?a jiene onldh* 

^ heo ppa pibe. 

phtan meahte* 

opeji heopoji-jiice. 

pa. pe pQjihat:ena ppjiaec. 20 

|?ujih peonbpcipe. 

nallep he hie ppeme Is&jibe? 

|?u meaht nu pe pelp jepedn* 

ppa ic hit: pe pecjan ne |?eapp. 

eue peo j(Sbe. 

f pe ip unjelic. 

phte ^ paeptmap. [pobept. 

jiiSiSan pu minum pdpbum jefcjiu- 

laeptej' mine lape. 

nu pcineiJ pe leohfc pope. 

jlaebhc onjean- 

f ic ppom jobe bpohfce. 

hpic op heoponum. 

nu ]7u hip hpinan meaht* 

paeje abame* 

hpilce pu jepihiJe haepj't. 



30 



word and will : 

then might she widely see^ 

through the gift oi the enemy, 

(who her with lies beguiled, 

darkly deceived, 

which came to her thro'hismeans); 

that to her seemed fairer 

heaven and earth, 

and all this world more beauteous, 

and the works of God 

great and mighty ; 

though she it through man's device 

did not behold, 

but the wretch 

sedulously beguiled Aer in her fioul, 

who ere tet her the vision raised, 

that she so widely 

might behold 

over heaven's kingdom* 

Then spake the hated one, 
through malice | [tage)— r 

(he taught her not for her advan^ 
^ Thou mayest now thyself pee, 
as I need not say it to thee, 
. O Eve the good, 
that to thee is unlike 
beauty and form, [words, 

since thou hast trusted to my 
obeyed my counsel ; 
now the light shineth before thee, 
gladly towards thee, 
which I brought from God, 
bright from heaven ; 
now thou mayest touch it. 
Say to Adam 
what visions thou hast, 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 39 

J?ujih minne cime qi»}:ta> terAa^ powers^ through my coming: 

jij: jiet ]7U]ih cuycne pobo. if yet, through modest conduct, 

laejt: mlna Mjia* he obey my counsels, 

ponne jipe Ic hmi ]7»f leohfcef then will I give him of that light 

jenoj. enough, 

}?«f ic J?e fpa jtfbef . with which, so good, 1 thee 

jejijieb ha&bbe* adorned have. [vectives, 

ne pifce ic hun J?a pom-cpibaf . I will hot reproach him those in- 
J?eah he h!f pyjiiSe ne jie. though he be not worthy 

CO alaefcanne J?«f pela he me Id- to receive pardon for the much he 

"Sep rpjia&c. spake to me of evil : 

J7>a hijie* eapojiau fculon aepteji Thus his posterity shall after 

lybban* lo live; 

)?onne hie laiS jebdS. when they do evil 

hiefculonlupepyjicean- [cpybe* they shall work love, 
betan heojia heajijian heajim- repair their Lord's malediction, 
onb habban hip hylbo pojiiS* and have his grace thenceforth/ 

XIL XIL 

pa pen to abame* Then towards Adam 

ibepa pcenopt* the fairest of females, 

pipa phfcejopfc^. most beauteous of women 

'pe on pojiulb ctfme* who have come into the world — 

popl^on heo paep hanb-jepeopc* because she was the handy work 

heopon-cynmjep. [30] of heaven's King, 

J?eah heo ]>& beajmenja. ai though she then secretly 

pop.bdn pupbe» was undone, 

popls6b mib hjenum. misled with lies, 

f hie ld« 5obe. that they hateful to God 

pvqih ]fs&Y ppa'8an je)?anc- through the fiend's device 

peojiiJan pceolbon. might become, 

]?u}ih ]?aep beoplep peapo* through the devil's wile 

^ hijie seems to be an error of the scribe for hij ; I have therefore not scrupled 
to render it by his. 

^ The following seventeen lines seem to be in parenthesis^ unless there is an 
hiatus in the text, of which however there is no vestige in the MS. 



40 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



bdm pojilaatan- 

hiepjian hylbo* 

hepon-jilcef ]7olian« 

momje hpile* 

bi'S pQxa men pill pd* 

]7e hine ne papna'S* 

]?onne he hip ^epealb hapaS* 

pum heo hijie on hanbum bs^ji 

pum hijie a&t heojitan Is^;* 

seppel tinpaelja* 

]7one hijie s6ji pojibedb* 

bjuhtnia bjuht^i' 

bea'S-bedmep opet- 

pulbjiep alboji* 

^)?aBfc micle mop's. 

menn ne J^ojipton* 

)?ejnap J^olian* 

ac he )?eoba ^(ehpam* 

hepon-jilce pojijeap* 

hah J bjiihten* 

pib-bpdbne pelan* 

jip hie )?one paeptm* 

anketan polben- 

'pe f l£S tjieop. 

on hip bdjum bs§p- 

bifcjie jepylleb. 

f paep bediSep bedm* 

J?e him bjuhfcen popbeib* 

pojilec hie )?a mib h^ennm- 30 

pe paep 1^*8 jobe. 

on hefce heopon-cymnjep. 

3 hyje euan* 

pipej' pdc je]7ohfc» 

f heo on^an hip pdjibum tTiupian . 

» Literally, 



20 



lose their power, 

the favour of Metr.Lord, 

and forfeit heaven's kingdom. 

Many times 
is it full woe to man 
that he take not warning, 
when he hath it in his power.— 
Some in her hands she bare, 
some in her bosom lay% 
of the unblest fruit, 
which to her erst forbade 
the Lord of lords, 
the fruit of the tree of death : 
and the word spake 
the Chief of glory, 
that the great perdition 
men might not, 
his servants, suffer ; 
but he to every people 
heaven's kingdom gave, 
the holy Lord, 
wide-spread bliss, 
if they the produce 
would forbear 
which that fell tree 
bare 011 its boughs, 
with bitter filled ; 
that was death's tree, 
which the Lord forbade them. 

Enticed her then with, lies 
he who was foe to God — 
through hate of heaven's King, 
and to the mind of Eve, 
woman's weak thought — 
that she began to trust his words, 

at her heart* 



CiSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



41 



11 



iB&jtaxk hif Idjie. 

^ jeleapan n<5in- 

f he )?a byrene ).7iom jobe- 

bjiunjen haejibe. 

|?e he hijie yy^ paejikce- 

p(Sfibum faejbe- 

lepbe hijie tdcen* 

^ fcjieopa jehet. 

hip holbne hyje. 

]?a heo to hijie heappan pppaec 

abam ppea mln* 

J?ip opefc Ip ppa ppete. 

bh"? on bpeoptum. 

3 J?ep boba pciene- 

jobep enjel jdb. 

ic on hip ^eappan jepeo. 

^ he ip aepenb-pecj. 

uncpep heappan* 

hepon-cynin jep • 

hip hylbo ip unc« ao 

betepe to jepmnanne. 

|?onne hip pi'Sejunebo- 

jip J?u him heo b«j*. 

puht heapraep jepppc^ce- 

he popjipS hit ]?eah- 

jip pit him jeonjopb(Sm« 

laeptan pilla«. [32] 

hp«t peal J?e ppa WiShc j'tpi'S. 

prS )>inep heappan boban- 

unc ip hip hylbo J^eapp. 

he mse; unc ^penbiaa* 

to ]>am alpalban* 

heopon-cynmje . 

ic maej.heonon jepedn- 

hpaep he pylp pte^- 



30 



fulfil his instructions^ 

and the belief adopted 

that from God those mandates he 

had brought, 

•which he to her so warily 

said in words 5 

showed her a token, 

and his faith promised, 

his loyal affection. 

Then to her spouse she spake : 
^ Adam, my lord, 
this fruit is so sweet, 
mild in the breast, 
and this bright mesaeng^r 
God's angel good ; 
I by his habit see 
that he is the envoy 
of our Lord^ 
heaven's King. 
His favour it is for us 
better to gain 
than his aversion. 
If thou to him this day 
spake aught of harm, 
yet will he it forgive, 
if we to him obedience 
will show. [ful strife 

What shall pro/it thee such hate- 
with thy Lord's messenger ? 
to us is his favour needful ; 
he may bear our errands 
to the all-powerful 
heavenly King. 
I can see from hence 
where he himself sitteth. 



^ heo bae;. I am not aware that this phrase occuts elsewhere. 



42 



CJSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



f iy pi'8-eaffc. 

pelan beptinben- 

fe "Saf po}iulb jepceiSp. 

jepeo ic him hif enjlaf • 

ymbe hpeojijran* 

mib }:e«eji-liaman. 

ealfia jiolca rxmjt* 

pejieba pynrumart. 

hp^ meahte me* 

ITelc jepit ppin. 

PF hifc sejnunsa. 

job ne onpenbe- 

heofonep palbenb* 

jehyjian mae; ic ]it!ime- 

^ j^a pibe jefe(Sn« 

on pofiulb ealle- - 

ojieji )?af fibau jefceapfc* 

ic maej rpejler JMncn- 

jehyjian on heojiniim. 

peaji"? me on hije leohte* 

utan ^ Innan* 

p-SJ^an ic 'pB&y opetej* onhit^ 

nu haebbe ic hif. 

heji on hanba* 

heppa pe j6ba. 

jipe ic hifc )?e jeojine. 

ic jelype f hifc. 

pjiom jobe come. 

bjiohfc Fjiom hip bypene- 

J?Kp me |?ep boba paejbe. 

ps^jium pdjibum* 

hifc nip puhte jelic. 

ellep on eoji'8an. 

bufcon ppa ]?ep dji pa&jeS. 

f hifc jejnunja. 

ppom jobe come :• 



10 



90 



30 



that is south-east^ 

with bliss encircled^ 

him who formed this world. 

I see his angels 

encompass him 

with feathery wings, 

of all folks greatest, 

of bands most joyous. 

Who could to me 

such perception give, 

if now it 

God did not send, 

heaven's Ruler ? 

I can hear from far, 

and so widely see, 

through the whole world, 

over the broad creation : 

I can the joy of the firmament 

hear in heaven ; 

it became light to me in mind, 

from without and within, 

after the fruit I tasted : 

I now have of it 

here in my hand^ 

my good lord^ 

I will fain give it thee ; 

I believe that it 

came from God, 

brought by his command, 

from what this messenger told me 

with cautious words* 

It is not like to aught 

else on earth 3 

but, so this messenger sayeth, 

that it directly 

came from God.' 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRA8B. 



43 



10 



XIII. 

J?io fpjiaec him )?icce fco- 

^ fpeonhine ealne baej. 

on ]?a bimm^n bs^* 

^ hie bjiihfcnef heojia* 

pillan bjiaecon* 

jt<5b fe pjid^a boba* 

lejbe him lujraf on» 

3 mib kjtnim j-peon- 

pyl^be him jrpecne. 

p»f f0 jieonb pill neah* 

ye on )?a pjiecnan jyjib. 

jepajien haepbe- 

c^eji lanjne pej* 

leobe hojobe. 

on f micle mop's* 

men poppeoppan- 

popls6pan ^ popls^ban- 

f hie Mn jobep- 

aelmihfcijep ppe- 

anpopleten* 

heopon-plcep jepealb • [ 38 ] 

hpa&t: pe hell-pcea'8a. 

jeappe pipte- 

f hie jobep yppe. 

habban pceolbon* 

^ hell-jej^pm* 

)?one neappan HI'S. 

niebe onp6n* 

piSiSan hie jebdb jobep. 

popbpocen h»pbon. 

pQ, he popls§pbe. 

mib lijen-popbum. 

to 'pBxa tinpa&be. 

ibej'e j'ciene. 

pipa pLfcejopfc. 



90 



30 



XIII. 

She spake to him oft^ 

and all day urged him 

to that dark deed^ 

that they their Lord's 

will brake. 

The fell envoy stood by, 

excited his desires, 

and with wiles urged him, 

dangerously followed him ; 

the foe was full near 

who on that dire journey 

had fared * 

over a long way; 

nations he studied, 

into that great perdition 

men to cast, 

to corrupt and to mislead, 

that they Ood's loan, 

the Almighty's gift, 

might forfeit ; 

the power of heaven's kingdom : 

for the hell-miscreant 

well knew 

that they God's ire 

must have, 

and hell-torment, 

the torturing punishment 

needs receive, 

since they God's command 

had broken, 

what time he (the fiend) seduced 

with lying words 

to that evil counsel 

the beauteous woman, 

of females fairest. 



44 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRA15E. 



f heo on hif pillan j'pjiaec- 
paef hijie* on helpe. 
hanb-peojic jobef fco pojiMjianne • 
J?eo Fpjiaec "Sa fco abame- 
ibepa pceonopt;. 
pul )?ichce. 
0*8 )?am f;ejne onjaii* 
hip hije hpeojipan- 
f he )?am jehafce jetpupobe- 
'pe him ^ pip* lo 

p<5pbum paejbe. D^yjc* 

heo bybe hifc )?eah )?ujih holbne 
nyjte f )?«fi heajima ppa pela* 
pyjien-eappe'Sa - 
pyljean pceolbe. 
monna cynne- 
]73ep heo on mdb ^eu^m- 
f heo )?aep M^an boban* 
lajium hyjibe- 
.ac penbe f heo hylbo. 
heopon-cyninjep . 
pojihte mib )?am pdjibum* 
)?e heo )?am pejie- 
ppelce fcdcen oiJiepbe- 
3 fcjieope jehet. 
0*$ ^ dbame* 
mnan bjieopfcum- 
hip hyje hpyjxpbe* 
^ hip heopfce onjann* 
peiiban to hijxe pillan- 
he sec )?am pipe onpenj. 
helle T hump's. 
)?eah hifc naepe hafcen ppa* 
ac hifc opefcep uoman* 
djan pceolbe. 



20 



30 



that she after his will spake^ 

was as a help to him 

to seduce. God's handywork. 

Then she to Adam spake^ 

fairest of women^ 

full oft, 

till in the man began 

his mind to turn ; 

so that he trusted to the promise 

which to him the woman 

said in words : [mind, 

yet did she it through faithful 

knew not that hence so many ills, 

sinful woes, 

must follow 

to mankind, 

because she took in mind 

that she the hostile envoy's 

suggestions would obey ; 

but weened that she the favour 

of. heaven's King 

wrought with the words 

which she to the man 

revealed, as it were a token, 

and vowed them true, 

till that to Adam, 

within his breast 

his mind was changed, 

and his heart began . 

turn to her will. 

He from the woman took 

hell and death, 

though it was not so called, 

but it the name of fruit 

must have : 



* For hijie I suspect we should read hun. 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



45 



10 



hit p»f ]?eah bea'Sef fpepn. 

^ beoflef jefpon. 

hell T hmnpS • 

^ ha&leSa pojildfi. 

mennifCfia moji'B. 

f hie to mete bs^bon* 

opet tinfsele* 

fpa hit him on mnan cdm- 

hji^n set heojitan- 

JJloh J?a •] plejobe. 

boba bitjie jehujob. 

j^jbe bejjia )?anc* 

heajijian finum* 

Nu haebbe ic |?me hylbo me. 

pitobe jepojihte- 

^ ]?inne pillan jelaept' 

to pul monepim baeje- 

m6n pynt poplaebbe* 

abam ^ eue* 

him Ip unhylbo. 20 

palberibep pitob • [ 34 ] 

nti hie pdjib-q>ybe hip. 

Mjie pojileton • [ 35 ] 



poji|^on hie len; ne majon* 
healban heopon-pice* 
&c hie to helle pculon. 
on J?one ppeaptan yrS* 
ppa )?u hip pojije ne j^eajipt. 
bejian on J^inum bpeoptum* 
J^aeji J?u jebunben h^pt* 
mupnan on m6be« 
f heji men btin- 
]7one hean heopon* 
]?eah pit heapmap nti- 
|?pea-peojic J?oliaiS. 



30 



yet was it death's dream^ 

and the devil's artifice^ 

hell and deaths 

and men's perdition, 

the destruction of human kind, 

that they made for food 

unholy fruit ! 

Thus it came within him, 

touched at his heart. 

Laughed then and played 

the bitter-purposed messenger, 

said the thanks of both 

to his master : 

' Now have I thy favour (to myself 

decreed) wrought, 

and thy will performed : 

for full many a day 

are men seduced, 

Adam and Eve ; 

to them is the aversion 

of the Powerful decreed, 

now they his injunctions, 

through my instigation, have 

neglected ; 
therefore they no longer may 
heaven's kingdom hold, 
but to hell they must, 
on the dark journey. [not 

Thus thou, for this, sorrowneedest 
bear in thy breast, 
where thou liest bound ; 
7ior mourn in mind 
that here men inhabit 
the high heaven, 
though we evils now, 
punishment endure. 



46 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



•] )?ujih )?in micle m<5b. 

mom J fojileton* 

on heofon-jiice. 

heah jetmibpo* 

jdblice jeapbaf . 

mic peajiiJ job yjipe. 

foptpon pit hmi nolbon- 

on heofon-pice. 

hnijan mib heapbnm* 

halj^um bjiihtne • 

|?ujih jeonjojibdm- 

&c unc jejenje* ne paej*. 

f pit; hiDti on J^ejiijrcipe. 

J?eopian polben- 

po}i)?on unc palbenb peajvS. 

pjiaiS on m<5be« 

on hyje heapbe- 

^ up on helle bebjidp. 

on f pyji pylbe- 

polca maepfce. 

^ mib hanbum hip* 

ept on heopon pice- 

pihte pobop-ptdlaj'. 

^ f pice popjeap. 

monna cynne* 

maej J?in mdb pepan« 

bli'8e on bpeoptmn- 

pop)?on hep pynfc butu jebdn 

je f hsele'Sa beapn. 

heopon-picep pculon. 

leobe popMfcan. 

^ on ^ lij CO }?e. 



10 



20 



30 



and a du*k land ; 

and^ through thy great spirit, 

have lost many^ 

m heaven's kmgdom> 

lofty structures, 

goodly courts. 

With us was God angry, 

because to him we would not, 

in heaven's kingdom, 

bow with our heads 

to the holy Lord 

in subordination ; 

but for us it was not fitting 

that we him iii Vdissalage 

should serve, 

therefore with us Me Powerful was 

wroth in mood, 

hard in mind, 

and drove us into hell ; 

into the fire felled tcs, 

of people greatest ; 

and with hiB hands 

again, in heaven's kingdom, 

raised the celestial seats, 

and that realm gave 

to mankind. 

Thy mind may be 

blithe in thy breast, 

for that here both are done,'— 

both that the children of men 

must of heaven's realm 

the country lose, 

and in the flame to thee 



« I am uncertain as to the meaning of ^ejen^e ; the translation must there- 
fore be considered only as what appeared to me most plausible and best adapted 
to the context. 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



47 



hate hpeoppan* 

eac If heapm ^obe* 

mdb-fofij janacob* 

fpa hpset; fpa pifc hep moji'Bjiej' 

hit if nu abaine* pohsX' 

call fojijolben. 

mib heajijian hete- 

^ mib ha&le'Sa ):ojil<5pe« 

monnum mib moji'Sef q>ealme* 

j:oji]H>n if mln mdb ^ehsSleb* lo 

hyje ymb heojitan jeptime* 

[cene- 
ealle fynt uncpe heapmaf jepjie- 
Id'Sef ^ pit lan^e ]7oIebon* 
n6 pille ic ept J?am hje neap* 
fatan' ic |>aep fecan piUe* 
he If on )?sepe fpeaptan helle* 
hs&ft mib hpinja ^epponne* 
hpeapp him ept ni'Sep. 
boba bitpepta. [ ^^ ] 

f ceolbe he J?a bpiban lijaf f 6can* 
helle jehhiSo. ai 

]7«p hif heappa laej. [ 3^7 ] 
fimon jefseleb. 
fopjebon** h&cy&* 
dbam ^ eue* 
^ him Oft betuh* 
jnopn-popb jenjbon* 
jobep him- oubp6bon. 
heopa heppan hete. 
heopon-cynmjef ni"?. 



through hate revert. 

Also is harm to 6od^ 

sorrow of mind made : 

whatever we here of misery suffer^ 

it is now on Adsim 

all avenged, 

with his Master's hate, 

and with men's perdition, 

(on men with tfie pain of death,) 

therefore my mind f s healed ; 

the thoughts around my heart ex- 
panded, 

all our evils are avenged, [fered. 

of the hatred that we long have suf- 

Now will I again go nearer the 

Satan I there will seek, [flame, 

he is in the swart hell, 

bound with the clasping of rings/ 
Turned him again downward 

the bitterest of messengers : 

then must he the broad flames 

the roofs of hell, [seek, 

where his master lay, 

with fetters bound. 
Sorrowed both 

Adam and Eve, 

and oft between them 

words of sadness passed ; 

of God they dreaded, 

of their Lord, the hate, 

the enmity of heaven's King : 



* h is singalar that the fiend is made to say, " Satan I there will seek," while 
from what precedes one is led to suppose that it was Satan he had been ad- 
dressing. 

^ Here the transition is sudden ; but I see no reason for supposing, with Junius, 
any hiatus in the MS., which seems quite perfect in this place. My translation 
of flmon^ in line 23, is conjectural. 



48 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fpi'Se onfa&ton». 

j-eljre j:ojijt:<5bon • 

hif p6jib onpenbeb. 

^ pip jnojiiiobe. 

h<5p hfieopij-mob. 

hsepbe hylbo jobep. 

Idjie pojilaeten* 

J?a heo f leoht jepeah^ 

elloji pcjuiJan. 

^ hipe ]7U]ih tintpeopa* 

tdcen lepbe- 

pe him ]?one fceonan ^^pa&b* 

f hie helle m^. 

habban pceolbon* 

hyniSa tinpim* 

pop]7am him hije popja- 

bupnon on bjieopfcum- 

hpilum to jebebe peollon- 

pin-hipan pomeb. 

"D P5® bpihten. 

jdbne jpefcton. 

^ job nembon. 

heoponep palbehb. 

^ hme baebon. 

f hie hip heajim-pceape^. 

habban mopten* 

jeojine puljanjan* 

]?a hie jobep haepbon. 

bdbpcipe abpocen. 

hajie hie jepapon. 

heopa kchaman* 

nsepbon on }>am lanbe )?a jiet 

paeKa jepefcena. 



10 



20 



30 



much they brooded over their ca^ 

themselves understood [/amiVy, 

that his (God's) words had been 

The woman grieved^ [perverted, 

penitent-minded wept — 

{she had God's favour 

through seduction lost) — 

when she saw the light 

elsewhere depart^ 

which to her^ through falsehood, 

for a token showed, [crime, 

he who counselled them to that 

that they hell-punishment 

must have, 

unnumbered ills : 

therefore mental sorrows 

burned in their breasts. 

Sometimes to prayer they fell, 

the partners together, 

and the Lord triumphant, 

the good, they greeted, 

and God invoked, 

heaven's Ruler, 

and him besought 

that they its (their crime's)penalty 

might have, 

duly fulfil, 

since they had God's 

commandment broken : 

bare they saw 

their lK>dies ; 

they had not in that land as yet 

settled happiness. 



^ The interpretation of this and the two following lines is quite conjectural. 
^ Of this and the two following lines the sense seems very obscure ; my trans- 
lation is by no means satisfactory. 



CJ5DM0N*S PARAPHRASE. 



49 



10 



ne hie fojije piht* 

peojicej' pifton- 

ic hie pel meahton* 

libban on J^am lanbe- 

jip hie polben Mjie jobej*. 

fojipeajib pjiemman* 

]?a hie pel^ pppaacon- 

pojih-pojiba pomeb. 

finhipan tpa* 

abam jemaelbe* 

^ to 6uan ppjiaec- 

hpaet J?u eue haeppfc- 

JTiele jemeajicob^ 

unceji pylppa pa*. 

jepyhpt: 'pa iiu )?a )77eapt:an helle* 

3P«t>i5e T jipjie. 

nu f u hie spimman meahc 

heonane jehyjian- 

nip heopon-jiice. 

jelic ]?am bje- ao 

dc J^ip ip lanba betpt. 

'p2et pit J^ujih uncpep heappan 

habban mopton- [J^anc* 

}?aeji pvi pam ne hiepbe*. 

pe unc J^ipne heajim jepa&b- 

f pit palbenbep* 

pdjib pojibpaecon. 

heof on-cynin jep • 

nu pit hjieopije majon* [ 38 ] 

popjian poji hip p'Se. 

pop}?on he unc pelp bebedb< 

f pic unc pite. 

papian pceolben- 



30 



nor they of sorrow aught 

nor labour knew ; 

but they could well 

have lived in that land, 

if they God's precepts would, 

before all things, have executed. 

Then spake they many 

words of care together, 

the partners twain, 

Adam said, 

and to Eve spake : — 

^Thus hast thou. Eve, 

evilly designed 

our own departure : 

seest thou now the swart hell, 

greedy and ravenous ? 

Now thou it mayest raging 

hear from hence. 

Heaven's realm is not 

like to that flame ; 

but this is the best land [Lord, 

that we, through favour of our 

may have, 

because thou hast him obeyed, 

who to this harm us counselled ; 

that we the Powerful's 

word should break, 

the King of heaven's : 

now may we, penitent, 

sorrow for his journey, 

because he himself (God) bade us 

that we us from pain 

should guard. 



* As it stands in the text^ this line seems devoid of an appropriate meaning. 
Presuming that it may originally have stood, >8er >u >am jeh/jit^e, I have trans- 
lated accordingly. 

E 



50 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



heajima m»j*tme« 

nu j'lit me hunjeji 3 J^ujijt: 

bitjie on bjieoffcum- 

"pKY pit bejjia a&]i» 

ps&jion iijifojije. 

on ealle tlb« 

hu fculon pit nix libban* 

o'S'Se on J^yp lanbe pepui. 

jip heji pmb Gym's. 

peptan o««e eapfcan. 

jni'San o^Ve noji'San. 

jeppeojic tippasjie'S. 

cyme's haejlep pctiji. 

hepone jetenje* 

paejie'S popjt: onjeman;. 

pe byiS pyjinum cealb* 

hpilmn op heopnum* 

hdte pclneiS. 

blicS J^eop beophte punne. 

"3 pit heji bajiu ptanba*S. 

unpejieb paebo- 

nyp imc puht bepo}ian* 

to pctiji-pceabe. 

ne pceattep piht. 

to mete jemeajicob. 

&c unc ip mihtij job. 

palbenb ppai$m<5b. 

to hpdn pculon pit peoji'San n6 

nti me ma&j hpeopan. 

f ic ba&b heopnep job- 

palbenb J?one jdban. 

f he 'pe heji pophte to me. 

op li'Smn minum. 

nu J?u me poplaejieb haeppt. 

on minep hejijian hete. 

ppa me nu hjieopan m»j. 



10 



ao 



30 



greatest of harms. 

Now hunger and thirst tear me 

bitterly in my breast^ 

of which erst we both 

were reckless^ 

at all time. 

How shall we now live, 

or be in this land, 

if wind here come 

from west or east, 

from south or north, 

clouds ascend ; 

hail shower cometh 

heavy from heaven, 

frost also cometh, 

which is intensely cold : 

sometimes from the heavens 

heat gloweth, 

gleams the bright sun,— 

and we here stand bare, 

with garment unprotected ? 

There is not aught before us 

for shower-covering, 

nor of store aught 

for meat assigned ; 

but with us is the mighty God, 

the powerful, angry. 

What will now become of us ? 

Now may it rue me 

that I prayed heaven's God, 

the good Ruler, 

thathe thee here wouldform to me, 

from my limbs : 

now hast thou seduced me 

to my Lord's hate ; 

so may it now rue me 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



51 



sefpe fco albjie- for evermore, 

f ic "pe mlnum eapim jefeah:« that I saw thee with mine eyes/ 



XIIII. 

Da fpjiaec eue ejic. 
ibefa fcienoffc. 
plpa phtejoffc. 
hie paep jepeojic jobep* 
}?eah heo )?a on beoplep cjiaepc. 
bebjiojien pujibe* 
"Su meaht hit me pitan* 
pme mm abam* lo 

pdjibum J^lnum* 
hit pe J^eah pyjip ne maej. 
on J»inum hyje hpeopan. 
"poime hit me set heojitan be^. 
hipe "Sa abam* 
anbppajiobe. 
jip ic palbenbep* 
pillan cuj?e- 

hpaet 10 hip to heajim-pceajie. 
habban pceolbe- 20 

ne jepape J?u n<5 pniomtfp. [39] 
]7eah me on y^ paban* 
hete heoponep job. 
heonone nu J^a* 
on pldb papan- 
nsepe he ppnum )?«p be<5p. 
mepe-ptjieam J?»p imcel* 
f hip 6 mm mtfb jetpeobe- 
ic ic to )?am jpnnbe jenje. 
pp 10 jobep meahte* so 

pillan jepyjicean. 
mp me on populbe nitfb. 
aemjep }?ejnpcipej'. - 
nu ic minep }?eobnep'. 

E 2 



XIIII. 

Then in turn spake Eve, 

of females fairest, 

of wives most comely : 

she was God's work, [craft, 

though she then, by the devil's 

had been deceived :-** 

* Thou mayest reproach it to me, 

Adam, my beloved, 

with thy words, 

yet thee it cannot worse 

rue in thy mind 

than it doeth me at heart.' 

Her then Adam 

answered : — 

' If I the Powerful's 

will knew, 

what I for. my crime's penalty 

should have, 

ne'er sawest thou one readier, 

though in the sea to wade^ me 

heaven's God commanded, 

now from hence 

into the flood to go — 

it were not so fearfully deep, 

the sea-stream so great, 

that I would in my mind doubt it ; 

but I would to the abyss go, 

if I might God's 

will execute. 

I have no mind in the world 

for any service, , 

now I my Lord's 



52 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



haya hylbo fojipojihte. 

f ic hie habban ne ms6;« 

&c pit J^uf bajiu ne ma^on* 

btifcti aetfomne- 

pepan fco,puHte. 

uton j^n on }?ypie pealb^ 

mnan on J^ijjef holtep hleo- 

hpujipon hie jbi^tpd- 

tojenjboii jnojinjenbe. 

on J?one jjienan pealb • lo 

f aefcon orif unbjian • [ ^^ ] 

biban pelpef jepceapu- 

heopon-cyninjep. , 

}?a hie }?a habban ne mojTon. 

J?e him a§ji pojijea};- 

aelmihtij job- 

J^a hie heojia hchoman* 

ledpim be}?eahton. 

pejiebon mib iSy pealbe- 

pa^ba ne haepbon* 20 

ac hie on jebeb peollon. 

bdfcu setfomne. 

mojijena jehpilce- 

bs^bon mihfcijne. 

f hie ne pbjijeafce. 

job selmihtij. 

•] him jepipabe. 

palbenb pe j6ba. 

hu hie on ]?am leohce- 

popiS kbban pceolben. 30 

pa e6pi pepan* 

ppea aehnihtij* 

opep mibne baej. 

maspe }?eoben. 

on neopxna panj* 

» Literally, 



favour have forfeited, 

so that I may not have it. 

But we thus bare may not, 

both together, 

be for any thing: 

let us into this weald go, 

within the shadow of this holt.' 

They both departed, 

sorrowing went 

into the green wood ; 

sate apart, 

the mandates to await 

of heaven's King : 

as they might not ha^e the things 

which erst gave them 

almighty God. 

Then their bodies they 

with leaves bedecked, 

protected with the wood, — 

weeds they had not ; 

but in prayer they fell 

both together : 

every morn 

they besought the Mighty 

not to forget them, 

the almighty God, 

and them to show, 

(the good Ruler,) 

how they, in that state*, 

should thenceforth live. 

Then came walking 
the Lord almighty, 
after mid- day, 
the great Prince, 
into Paradise ; 

in that light. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



53 



neobe j:Ine*. 
polbe neopan* 
nejijenb ujjeji. 
bilpit jzaebeji- 
hp»t hif beajin bybe^. 
piffce pojipojihte. 
)?a he a^ji plite fealbe^ 
jepitan him ]7a janjan- 
jeomeji-mdbe- . 
unbeji bedm-fceabe. 
blaebe bejieapob* 
hybbon hie on heolpfcpe. 
}?a hie h6h^ p6jib. 
bjuhtnep jehyjibon- 
3 onbjiebon him* 
}?a pona on^ann* 
ppejlep alboji* 
peapb ahpan* 
pojiulb-jepceapta. 
het him jiecene to. 
jiice J?eoben« 
hip pun^ janjan* 
him J?a pylpa oncpae'S. 
hean hleo'8jiabe. 
hjiaejlep J^eajipa- 
ic ppeo me heji. 
paeba leapne- 
lip-ppea min. 
leapum }?ecce* 
pcylbpull mine. 
pcea'Sen ip me p^jie- 
fpecne on pejih'Se. 



its needs 

he would see to^ 

our Preserver, 

our kind Father, 

what his children did, 

by their repast^ destroyed^ 

whom he had erst with beauty 

They then retired, [gifted. 

sad-minded, • 
10 under the tree shade, 

of happiness bereft, 

in a cavern hid themselves 

when they the holy word 

of the Lord heard^ 

and dreaded. 

Then straight began 

heaven's Chief • 

to call the warden . 

of worldly creatures, 
20 bade to him forthwith 

(the powerful Lord) 

his son to come. 

Him then himself^ addressed, 

humble he cried : — 

^ Devoid of raiment 

I conceal me here, 

lacking garments. 

Lord of my life ! 

with leaves cover me; 
30 a criminal, my 

sin is painful to me, 

atrocious in my soul, — 



•• a i^y interpretation of this line is conjectural^ and it§ accuracy far from certain. 
^ For byfeon ; probably an error of the scribe. 
« The fruit which they had eaten. 
^ t. e. Adam. 



54 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ne beaji nu }X)ji% jdn* 

poji "Be anbpeajibne* 

ic eom eall nacob :• [ ^^ ] 

XV, 

him %a 8&b}ie job* 

anbj7>ajiebe. 

faja me f pinu min* 

foji hpon fecejt: "Su- 

fceabe fceomienbe- 

}m fceonbe sec me- 

pijiSum anpenje. lo 

ac jejzean eallum- 

foji hpon pdjT pu pe£n- 

;j pjiihjt: fceome. 

Seryhjt; fopje. 

"3 }?in jylp J^ecept. 

he mib leapum* 

pajapt lip-ceape- 

hean-hyje jeomojt. 

f }?e pe hjiaejlep J^eapp- 

nymj^e 'pn aeppel- . ao 

s&nne bypjbejt:*.' 

op J^am pubu-be^> 

pe ic p6 pdpbum pojibeto. 

him pQ. £b^m> . 

ept anbppapobe. 

me 'Sa bls§ba on hdnb* 

bpyb jepealbe. 

ppeolucu paemne* 

ppea bpihten mln* 

iSe ic p6 on tednan jej^ah* 30 

nu ic pddy fcicen peje. 

ppeotol on me pelpum. 

pfc ic popja "Sy md. 

"Sa iSaej' euan jeppaejn- 



I dare not now come forth 
before thee present, 
I am all naked.' 

XV, 

Him then forthwith God 

answered :-^ 

* Tell it me, my ^on, 

why seekest thou, 

bashful, the shade ; 

thou shame at me 

moreover conceivest ; 

but mid all joy 

why knowest thou sorrow, 

and hidest thy nakedness, 

seest affliction, 

and thyself coverest thy 

body with leaves, 

sayest, life-anxious, 

sad in thy cast-down mind, 

that agarment to theeisneedfiil, — 

unless an apple thou 

hast tasted, 

of that wood-tree {words.?* 

which I forbade thee with my 

Him then Adam 
again answered :— - 
^ Me the fruits in hand 
my bride gave, 
the goodly woman, 
O my Lord, 

which, in contempt of thee, I ate, 
of which I now a token bear 
manifest in myself; [rows.' 

therefore know I the more sor- 
Then therefore questioned Eye 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



55 



selmihfci; j/ob' 

hj^aet bpaje }?u bohtoii- 

bujej^a jenohjia* 

nipjia 5efceaj:fca. 

neojixna panjej*. 

jjiopenbjia jipa. 

}?a J^u.jitpenbe. 

on bedm ^pipe* 

blaeba name- 

on tjieopef telpim- 

3 me on t:e<5nan* 

^te J^a tinfjieme. 

dbame feaLbeft p»]l:me« 

}?a mc psejion* 

pdjibum mlnum* 

paepfce popbobene- 

hun }?a ppeolecu msej* 

Ibep aepipc-miSb. 

anbppapobe. 

me n»bpe beppdc. 

3 me neoblice. 

fco poppceape pcyhfce. 

3 fco pcylb-ppece- 

pah pypm }?uph paejip p<5pb 

o'S ^ ic ppacoiShce. 

peonb-pjep jeppemebe. 

pa&h'Se jepophte. 

^ J?a peapobe* 

ppa hit piht ne paep. 

beam on beappe* 

3 ]fB, bla&ba s^t* 

■Sa naebpan pce<5p. 

nepjenb upj-ep. 

ppea aehnihcij. 

papim pypme. 

pibe piJap. 



almighty God :— 

^ Daughter, what madest thou 

of the abundant blessings, 

the new creations 

of Paradise, 

the growing gifts, 

when thou coveting 

on the tree didst grasp, 

took the fruits 
10 on the tree's boughsj^ 

and, in contempt of me, 

then atest to thy perdition ; 

to Adam gavest the fruits, 

which to you were, 

by my words, 

strictly forbidden ?' . 

Him then the comely woman, 

the female in mind disgraced, 

answered :— 
ao ^ The serpent me deceived, 

and me urgently 

prompted to crime, 

and to sinful audacity, [words, 

the variegated serpent with fair 

till that I wickedly 

committed the fiendish violence, 

wrought enmity, 

and then robbed, 

as it was not right, 
30 the tree in its grove, 

and the fruits ate/ 

Then to the serpent decreed 

our Preserver, 

the Lord almighty, 

to the worm of varying hue, 

far journeyings ; 



56 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



K) 



^ }?a p6jibe cpa&*8« 

)?u fcealt pibe-pejihiS. 

pejij }?inum bjieopfcum* 

beajim fcjieban • [ 4^3 ] 

bjiabe eoji^an* 

papan pe^eleap- 

J?enben }?e peoph punaS* 

japfc on innan- 

J^u pcealfc jjieofc etan- 

Yme lip-bajap. 

ppa }?u IdiJhce* 

ppohte onpfcealbeptr. 

J?e f pip peo^S. 

hdta'S unbeji heopnum* 

;) J?In heapob tjiebe'S. 

f&h mib pdfcuin pinum- 

iSu pcealfc peppna.* 

paefcan fcohfcan. 

nippe fcubbop- 

bi'8 jema&ne inqium ojilej ni^S 

& ]?enben pfcanbcS. 

populb unbep polcnum* 

nu pu yift ^ canpfc. 

1&& leob-pcea'Sa* 

hu )?u lipan pcealfc :• 

XVI. 

Da fco euan job* 
ypjunja pppaec. 
penb }?e ppom pynne^ 
J?u pcealfc paepiieb-men- 
pepan on jepealbe- 
mib pepep ejpan. 
heapbe jeneappab* 



21 



30 



and the words spake : — 
^ Thou shalt thy life long, 
accursed^ with thy breast;^ 
thy belly, tread 
the broad earth, - 
go footless 

while life to thee remaineth, 
spirit within ; 
dust shalt thou eat 
all thy life-days, 
as thou wickedly 

hast caused crime. [mity,. 

To thee shall the woman bear en- 
shall hate under Me heavens, 
and thy head shall tread . 
thy foe with his feet : 
thou shalt snares 
set to her oflFspring, 
to the new progeny ; 
fatal hate shall be common to you, 
ever while standeth 
the world under the skies, [est, 
Nowthouunderstandestandknow- 
fell destroyer of nations, 
how thou shalt live.' 

XVI. 

Then to Eve God 

angrily spake : — 

^ Depart from joy ; 

thou shalt to man 

be in subjection ; 

with fear of thy husband, 

hard afiQicted, 



» The translation of this and the two following lines is nearly the same as that 
given by Lye ; but I have great doubts as to its correctness. 



CiEDMON S PARAPHRASE. 



57 



hean J^jiopian* 
pinpsL bs6ba jebpilb. 
bed^ef biban*. 
3 J^ujih p6p ;) heap- 
on pojiulb cennan* 
]fujih y6ji miceL 
punu ;) bohtoji. 
abedb eac abame* 
ece bjuhten* 
lipep leoht-pjiuma- 
Id's s^jienbe* 
}?u pcealc o'8ejme* 
e'Sel pecean* 
pynleapjian pic- 
;j on pjiaec hpeoppan. 
nacob nieb-paebla- 
neojixna panjep. 
buje'Sum beba&leb. 
}?e ip jebdl pifcob. 
licep ^ paple. 
hpaec J?u Id'Slice* 
pjiohfce onpfcealbepfc- 
poji}>on }?u pinnan pcealt* 
•] on eoji'San )?e« 
J?ine anblipne* 
pelpa jepa&can. 
pe^an ppatij hleop- 
)?inne hldp etan> 
}?enben }?u beji leopapt* 
0*8 f he fco heojitan. 
heajibe jpipeiS. 
dbl unli'Se. 
'pe ]?u on aeple a&ji- 
pelpa popppulje. 
poji}?on }?u ppelfcan pcealt 
hpaefc pe n6 jehyjia*S« 



depressed^ shalt expiate 

the error of thy deeds^— 

death await; 

and^ amid wail and moan^ 

into the world bring forth^ 

through much pain^ 

sons and daughters/ 
Announced to Adam eke 

the Lord eternal^ 
10 author of life's lights 

the dire intelligence^ — 

^ Thou shalt another 

country seek^ 

a more joyless dwelling place, 

and into exile go^ 

naked and poor^ 

of Paradise's 

joys deprived : 

to thee a parting is decreed 
20 of soul and body^ 

because thou wickedly 

hast perpetrated crime ; 

therefore thou shalt labour^ 

and on earth to thee 

thy sustenance • 

thyself eam^ 

bear a sweaty countenance^ 

eat thy breads 

while thou here livest^ 
30 until to thee at heart 

hard gripeth 

fell disease^ 

which thou in that apple erst 

thyself didst gorge,— 
[45] therefore thou shalt die/ 

Thus we now hear 



58 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE^ 



hpseji tif heajim-ftajraf • 

pjia'Se onpdcan* 

;) pojiulb-yjim'So- 

hie ]fB. pulbjiep peajib. 

ps^bum jypebe^ 

pcyppenb ujjep.t 

het heojia p ceome }?eccan 

j-Tiea pjium-hjiaejle. 

het hie pjiom hpeojipan* 

neojixna paii^e* 

on neajiojie lip* 

him on lapte beledc- 

h^pa ;) pynna* 

hihtpiQne hixa* 

hahj enjel. 

be pjiean hs&pe. 

pyjiene ppeojibe. 

ne maej }?a&ji inpifcpull. 

aenij jepejian. 

pom-pcylbij mon* 

dc pe peajib hapai$* 

miht ^ ptjienjSo- 

pe f m»pe lip. 

buje'Sum beojie. 

bjuhfcne healbeS* 

no hpae'Spe aelmihtij" 

ealpa polbe. 

abam *] euan. 

ajina opteon. 

paebeji a&fc pjiym'Se. 

}?eah J?e he him pjiomppice 

ac he him to ppopjie let. 
hpa&'Sejie pop'Bpepan. 
hyjiptebne h|i6p.. 
haljum tunjlum* 



whence our writ of evU 

sprang in wrath^ 

and worldly misery. 

> Them then the Guardian of 

with weeds provided, [glory 

our Preserver ; 

bade them their nakedness conceal, 

the Lord, with the first garment ; 

bade them depart from 
10 Paradise^ 

into a narrower life. 

Behind them closed 

of comforts and delights 

the joyous home 

a holy angel, 

at his Lord's behest, 

with fiery sword. 

Thither may not guileful 

any journey, 
20 crime-guilty man ; 

for the warden hath 

might and strength, 

who that exalted life, 

dear to the good, 
[ 46 ] for the Lord guardeth. 

, Yet the Almighty 

would not of all 

(Adam and Eye) . 

their means deprive, 
30 the Father^ from the beginning, 

though he had withdrawn from 
them ; 

but to them, for solace, he let 

yet continue forth 

the roof adorned 

with holy stars. 



CiEDMOfN'S PARAPHRASE. 



59 



^ him 3jiunb-pelan* 

jinne fealbe* 

het }?am pnhipum* 

p6f 3 eoji^an* 

tubboji-teonbjia* 

teohha jehpilcjie. 

fco pojiulb-nytte* 

pseptmap peban* 

jepaefcon J?a aepteji pynne- 

f opjpulpe lanb* 

eapb ^ e-Byl. 

unppebijjtan. 

pjiemena jehpilqie. 

]7onne pe pjiuin-pfcdl p»p« 

}?e hie aeptep baebe. 

<5p-abplpen pujibon* 

onpinnon hie J^a* 

be jobep haepe- 

beapn dptpienan* 

ppa him metob bebe&b- 

abamep ^ euan* 

apopan ps^pon* 

ppeohcu tpd. 

ppum-beapn cenneb. 

cam 'J dheL' 

up cySa^ bee 

hu }?a baeb-ppuman* 

bujej?a ptjiyttbon- 

pelan ;) pipte. 

pill-jebpoiSop. [4f7] 

©•Sep hip fco eopiSan* 

ehiep fcilobe. 

pe pa&p aepbopen. 

oBep aehte heolb. 

ps&bep on pultum* 

0*8 f pop^S jepfc. 



10 



20 



31 



and them earth's riches 

amply gave ; 

bade the pairs 

of sea and earthy 

producing offspring, 

every progeny, 

for wordly use, 

fruits to bring forth. 

They then after their sin inhabited 

a land more sorrowful^ 

a dwelling and a country 

more barren 

of every good, 

than was the first settlement, 

which they, after their deed, 

were driven from. 

Began they then, 
at God's behest, 
to beget children, 
as them the Lord commanded. 
Adam and Eve's 
offspring were 
two comely sons, 
first-born children, 
Cain and Abel. 
Books inform us 
how these first labourers 
acquired goods, 
wealth and food, 
the brothers german. 
One to the earth 
his strength applied, 
he who was firstborn ; 
the other cattle kept, 
in aid of his father^ — 
until passed on 



60 



CiEDMON S PARAPHRASE. 



b»5-jilmer pojin. 
hie ]?a bjiihtne lac* 
bejen bjiohton* 
bjiejo enjla befeah. 
on abelef jielb. 
eajum flnuin* 
cynin; eallpihta* 
cainef ne polbe* 
tibeji fceapian* 
^* paep fcojin pejie^ 
hepij a&t Jieojitan. 
hyje paelm opfceah^. 
beojine on bjieoffcum. 
blat^ilbe m^- 
yjijie poji a&ppfcum. 
he ]?a tinjiaeben. 
jzolmum jepjiemebe. 
fjieo-ma&j ojiploh* 
bjio'Soji plnne- 
-] hip bldb ajedfc. 
cam abelep. 
cpealm-bjieojie ppealh- 
J?ep^ mibban-jeajib. 
monnep j-pate-. 
aepceji pael-ppenje. 
pea paep ajis&jieb. 
fcjiejena fcubboji- 
op pam tpije p^iJan* 
lubon laiSpenbe. 
lenj ppa ppiiSoji- 
peiSe pa&ftme* 



10 



20 



30 



many days. 

Then to the Lord an oflFering 

both brought : 

The Lord of angels looked 

on Abel's gift 

with his eyes ; • ^ 

the King of all creatures 

would not Cain's - 

offering behold. 

Then to the man was anger 

heavy at heart, 

rage him of thought bereft ; 

in the breast of the chief 

swelling hate, 

ire for envy. 

He then a dire deed 

with his hands executed ; 

his kinsman slew, 

his brother, 

and shed his blood, — 

Cain Abel's. 

With slaughter-gore swelled 

this mid earth, 

with man's blood. 

After the murder-stroke 

woe was raised up ; 

a progeny of miseries 

from this branch since 

destructive sprang 

on every side, 

dire in their fruit. 



a The MS. has j? ; but I suspect fa to be the trae reading. 

^ The MS. and Junius have hyje pselmof teah ; which seeming to me void of 
signification^ I have adopted the emendation suggested by Manning. Vide Suppl. 
ad Lye, voce hi je. 

c MS. >8ej. 



c^dmon's paraphrase. 



61 



)ia&hton pibe. 
jeonb peji-}?eoba« 
pjiohfcef fceljan. 
hjiinon heajim-tdnaf • 
heapbe 3 p^pe- 
bjiihta beajinum- 
bo« peta ppa- 
op iSam bjidb blabo* 
bealpa jehpilcep. 
pppytan onjunnon* 
pe f ppell majon* 
p2el-5iumme pyjib. 
pdpe cpi'San* 
nalep holunje. 
dc up heajibe pceob. 
pjieolecu pa&mne. 
}^uph pojiman jylfc. 
J?e PI'S metob a&ppe. 
men jepjiemeben- 
eojiS-buenbe- 
p'SiSan abam'peaji'B* 
op jobep mti'Se' 
japfce eacen:« 

XVII. 

Da pdpbe ppaejn. 
pulbpep albop. 
cam hpaeji abel* 
eoji'San paejie- 
hmoi iSa pe cyptleapa. 
q>ealmep pJTihfca* 
aebjie aeptep }7on. 
anbppajiobe- 
ne can ic abelep. 
6ji ne p6jie. 
hieo-maejep piiS«- 



Reached far 
throughout mankind 
the shoots of wickedness ; 
the sprouts of evil touched^ 
hard and sore^ 
the children of men ; 
[48 ] so do they yet ; 

from that broad branch 
of every woe 
10 they began to spring. 
We that story may^ 
the slaughter-grim event, 
with waU lament, 
not without cause j * 
for us hard o'erwhelmed 
the comely woman, 
through the first crime 
that ever Against the Lord 
men committed, 
20 earth-dwellers, 
since Adam was, 
from the mouth of God, 
with spirit endued. 

XVII. 

Then with word questioned 
the Chief of glory 
Cain, where Abel 
were on earth ? 
Him then the outcast 
worker of murder 
30 forthwith after 
answered : — 
* I know not Abel's 
coming nor going, 
my kinsman's ways. 



62 



CiEDM,ON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ne ic hyjibe p«f • 

bjio^eji miner- 

him ]7a bpejo enjla* 

job-rpebi5 jajt:. 

je^-J?mjabe. 

hpaec bejealbeft J?u. 

jiolmum J^inum. 

pjufSum on pa&l-bebb> 

paejipaeftne jiinc- 

bjio'Soji ]7inne* 

;j hij- bldb to me- 

cleopaiJ 3 cijeiS. 

}?u )?«r cpealmef pcealc* 

pite pmnan* 

;) on pjiaec hpeojipan- 

apyjijeb to piban albjie. 

ne f ele"? J?e pasptmap eop'8e 

pbtnje tfo populb-nytce. 

ac heo pael-bjieoj^^ ppealh- 

halje op hanbum }>lnum« 

pojij^on heo J?e hpd^pa optihiS 

jlaemep* jjiene polbe^ 

)?u pcealt jeomoji hpeojipan- 

dpleap op eajibe }?lnum* 

ppa }?u abele pujibe- 

to peojih-banan- 

pojij^on 'pM plema pcealfc. 

pib-lapt: pjiecan. 

plne-majum l&S' 

him }?a cam anbppajiobe* 

ne J^eapp ic s&nijjie djie- 

penan on pojiulb-jilce* 

ac ic foppojiht haebbe* 

heopona heah-cynmj. 



nor was I keeper 

of my brother/ 

To him then the Lord of angels, 

the Spirit rich in good^ 

replied : — 

' Why didst thou fell, 

with thy hostile 

hands, to the bed of slaughter, 

the upright man,- 
10 thy brother, 

and his blood to me 

calleth and crieth ? 

Thou for this murder shalt 

gain punishment, 

and into exile wander, 

accursed to age remote. 

Earth shall not give thee fruit 

fair, for worldly use, [drunk, 

for she the slaughter-gore hath 
20 /Ae holy, from thy hands; [cattle, 

therefore she shall deny thee her 

her fruit, the green earth. 

Sad shalt thou depart, 

unhonoured from thy dwelling ; 

as thou hast been to Abel 

for a life-destroyer, 

therefore thou a fugitive shalt 

into far exile go, 

hateful to thy kindred.^ 
30 Him then Cain answered : — 

* I may not any honour 

hope in the world's kingdom, 

for I have forfeited, 

high King of heaven. 



• I am compelled' to give Lye 'a interpretation of jleemej*, though by no means 
confident as to its correctness. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



63 



10 



hylbo }?ine. 

lujian 3 j-Tieobe. 

fojij^on ic laffcaf f ceaL [ 4?9 ] 

pe^ on penum* 

pibe lecjan* 

hponne me jemitfce. 

xnsSn-pcylbijne- 

pe me peoji o^'Se.neah* 

paehlSe jemomje. ■ 

bjio'Soji-cpealmep . 

ic hij- bltfb a^eat* 

bjieoji on eoji'San* 

jni to ba&je J^ippum^ 

dbemept me ppam bujuiSe. 

;j tojupept: jrjiom* 

eajibe minum* 

me to alboji-banan* 

peojiiSe'S pjia'Sjia pum» 

ic apyjijeb pceaL 

J^eoben op jepyh'Se^ 20 

J?injie hpeojipan • [ 50 ] 

him J^a pelpa oncps&'S* 

pjojia bjuhten- 

ne }?eajipt "Su ^e onbps^ban* 

beaiSep bjwSjan. 

peojih-cpealm n6 pet- 

'pesih J?u pjiom pcyle. 

pjieo-majum peoji- 

pah jepitan. 

pp monna hpelc* ao 

mmibum pinum* 

albjie beneoteiS. 

hme on cymeiS- 

»ftep l>ape rynne- 

peoponpealb pjiacu* 

pite aepteji peojice. 



thy favom', 

love, and good- will ; 

therefore shall I my footsteps, 

with affliction in my thoughts, 

set far off; 

when shall meet me, 

crime-guilty, 

he who, far or near, me [mind, 

of my murderous hatred sh^ te-^ 

of mt/ fratricide. 

I shed his blood, 

his gore on earth. 

Thou on this day 

adjudgest me from good, 

and drivest from 

my habitation. 

To me for Ufe-destroyer 

shall be some enemy. 

I accursed must. 

Lord ! from sight 

of thee depart.' 

Him then himself addressed 
the Lord of triumphs : — 
^ Thou needest not dread 
the pain of death, 
the mortal pang as yet ; 
though thou shalt from 
thy kindred far, 
a foe, depart. 
If any man 
with his hands 
thee of life bereave, 
on him shall come, 
for that sin, 
sevenfold vengeance, 
punishment accordingto his deed.* 



64 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



hme palbenb <5n* 
tijxjzaejt; metob. 
tdcen fette* 
fjieoiSo-beacen j^xea- 
J?y l»f hme jieonba hpilc 
nub ju^-|?jxaece- 
jjiefcan bojxfte. 
peojijian o'S'SeTiean' 
heht |?a jijiom hpeojijzan- 
mebejx ^ majum* 
mdn-j-cylbijne. 
cnofle finum. 
him J?a cam jepdt. 
jonjan jeomoji-m<5b. 
jobe op jepyh'Se. 
pmeleap pjiecca* 
"J hmi |?a pic jeceap- 
eapt-lanbum. 
on e'Sel-pfcope- 
paebeji-jeajxbum peoji- 
J?aBjx him pjieolecu m»j» 
ibep aepfcejx ae^elum. 
eapojxan pebbe. 
pe aejxepta paep. 
6nop hafcen* 
ppum-beapn* camep* 
ji'S'San onjon. 
mib J?am cneo-majum. 
ceaptpe timbpan* 
^ p»p unbep polcnura. 
peall-paeptenna. 
sSpept ealpa J^ajxa* 



On him the Powerful, 

the glorious Creator, 

set a token, 

the Lord, a sign of peace, 

lest him some enemy • 

with hostile force 

durst greet, 

from far or near. 

He bade then depart from 
10 mother and brethren, 

the crime-guilty, 

from his kindred. 

Cain then went 

journeying, sad of mind, 

from sight of God, 

a friendless exile, 

and chose him then a dwelling 

in the east lands, 

in a coimtry 
20 far from his paternal courts, 

where to him a maiden fair, 

a female, according to nature, 

brought forth offspring. 
The first was 

Enoch called, 

Cain's firstborn. 

Afterwards he began 

with his kinsmen 

to build a city, 
30 which was, under the skies, 

of rampart-holds 

first of all those 



" Between this and the following line there is no alliteration. The author 
perhaps wrote junu cainef, which may have been inadvertently altered to the 
present reading ; though the law of alliteration seems sometimes less strict in 
the case of a proper name. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



65 



]7e ae'Selinjaf . 
fpeojib-bejxenbe . 
fefcfcan heton* 
}^anon hij- eajzojian* 
fi&jxeft p<$can« 
beajin fjxom bjiybe. 
on J?am bujxh-ffcebe. 
fe ylbeffca p«f • 
lajieb haten* 
jTinu enofCf • 
p'S^an pdcan* 
J?a |?af cynnep- 
cneop-jiim icton* 
maj-bujxh cainep. 
malalehel paep. 
aeptejx lajiebe* 
yjipep hyjibe- 
pa&bejx on lajt:e. 
0*8 f he pop's jepfc. 
p'SiSan mathupal* 
majum baelbe* 
beajm aepfcejx beajine 
bjio'Sjxum pinum. 
»«elmja jeptyiedn. 
oB f albojx-jeb^l. 
Fjidb pyjin-bapim. 
pjiemman pceolbe* 
lip oplaetan* 
lameh onpenj. 
aeptejx paebejx baeje- 
plefc- jepfcealbum . 
bod- jeptjieonum • 
him bjxyba fcpa. 
ibepa on cSle. 
eapopan pebbon. 
£ba ^ pella* 

F 



that men^ 

sword-bearing, 

bade be established. 

Thence to his son 

first were bom 

children from his wife 
[ 52 ] in that city. 

The eldest was 

called Irad, 
10 Enoch's son. 

Afterwards were bom 

they who of that race 

the family increased, 

the kindred of Cain. 

Mahalaleel was, 

after Irad, 

guardian of the heritage, 

after his father, 

until he departed hence. 
no Afterwards M athuselah 

to his brethren distributed, 

child by child, 

to his brothers, 

the chieftains' treasure, 

till a divorce from life . 

the wise through length of days 

must execute, 

being resign. 

Lamech succeeded, 
30 after his father's days, 

to the dwelling places 

and household goods : 

to him two consorts, 

women in the. land, 

brought forth offspring, 

Adah and Zillah ; 



66 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



}^ajia finum p8§f . 
labal ndma* 

fe J?ujih jleapne jej?anc. 
heji-buenbjia* 
heajipan c&jxeffc. 
hanbum finum* 
hlyn apehte* 
fpmpjenbe rp®5' 
funu lamehef • 

XVIII. 

Spylce on iSsejie mae^e* 
ma^a paep haten* 
on J^a ilcan tib* 
tubdl cam* 
pe ]7U}ih pnytjio ppeb- 
pmi^ cjisefteja paep. 
3 J?ujih mdbep jemynb. 
monna s^jiept* 
punu lamehep* 
pulh- jepeojicep . 
pjiuma pap opep polban* 
ri««an polca beapn . 
»pep* cu^on* 
;j ipejinep. 
bnjij-pttenbe. 
bjiucan pibe* 
ph hip pfpum tps&m* 
p<5pbum pa&jbe. 
lameh peolpa* 
leopum jebebbum* 
aban ^ pellan* 
undjilic ppel. 
ic on mojx^Soji opploh» 
minpa puna''* 

* MS. and Jtinias »jiert. 



to one of whom was 

the name ofJubal, 

who^ through skilful thought, 

of dwellers here, 

first of the harp, 

with his hands, 

the sound awoke, 

melodious strains, 

the son of Lamech. 

XVIII. 

10 Thus in that tribe 

was a son called, 

at the same time. 

Tubal Cam, 

who, by dint of skill, 

was a smith-craftsman, 

and, by thought of mind, 

the first of men, 

(Lamech's son) 

of plough-work 
20 was inventor upon earth. 

Since which time the sons of men 

brass have known, 

and iron, 

{the dwellers in cities) 

widely to use. 

Then to his two wives 

told in words 

Lamech himself, 

to his dear consorts, 
30 Adah and Zillah, 

a wicked tale : — 

* I have in murder slain 

of my sons 

^ MS. and Junius rune. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



67 



hylbe-maja* 
honba jepembe- 
on cainef *. 
cpealme mine* 
fylbe mib polmum- 
paebejx enofCf • 
6jib-banan abelef • 
eoji'San fealbe* 
pal-bjieop pejiep* 
fit jeajipe. 
f J?am lic-hpyjie. 
on lapfc cymeiS- 
pd^-cyninjep. 
feoponpealb pjiacu* 
nucel a&pteji m£ne* 
min pceal rpi«op. 
mib jjumme SJiyjie- 
jolben pup'San* 
pyll ^ peoph-cpealm< 
]?onne ic pop's pcio**. 
I^a peapiS abame* 
on abelep jylb. 
eapopa on e'Sle* 
o}?ep pebeb. 
r<S«F«rfc punu. 
}^am p»p peth ndma 
pe p«p eabij. 
3 hip ylbpum "Sdh. 
ppeolic CO ppoppe. 
paebep ;] mebep* 
abamep 'j euan* 
paep abelep jielb- 
on populb-pice- 



the beloved kinsman^ 
my hands polluted 
hi Cam's 
murder, 

with my hands felled 
Enoch^s father, 
AbeFs murderer, 
have given to earth 
the life-blood of that man. 
10 Well I know 

that on that homicide, 
shall after come 
the King of truth's 
sevenfold vengeance, 
[ 55 ] great, proportioned to the crime; 
but mine shall rather 
with grim horror 
be requited, 
my fall and murder, 
20 when I depart hence/ 
Then to Adam was, 
in compensation for Abel, 
a son in the land, 
another bom, 
an upright son, 
whose name was Seth, 
who was happy, 
and to his parents throve, 
goodly, for a comfort, 
ao to father and mother : 
to Adam and Eve 
he was Abel's substitute, 
in the world's kingdom. 



* Both here and at p. t5, 1. 32, cainej appears to be a trisyllable. 
^ I do not recollect having met with the word f cio elsewhere ; its signification 
seems manifest from the context. 

F 2 



68 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



fa pdjib aq>»'S* 
ojxb mon-cynnej'. 
me ece j-ealbe. 
funu felfa. 
pjojia palbenb- 
lijzef alboji- 
on leojzef jt:»l- 
l^aej- J?e cam opfloh- 
3 me ceap-fojije- 
mib l^yj- majo-timbjie- 
op mdbe dfceaj:. 
^eoben ujjejx. 
hmi J?af J?anc pe:- 
abam hs&pbe* 
}?a he ejit onjan* 
hmoi to ebulp-ffcape. 
oiSjief jlcpienan- 
beajinef be bjiybe. 
beojm ellenjidf. 

XXX. ^ c« 

J^ijjef lipef . 
pmtpa on pojiulbe- 
'up jepjufcu pecjaiS. 
f heji eahta hunb. 
lecte p'S'San* 
ma^um ^ ma&c^um* 
maejbujij pine, 
abam on eojiiSan* 
ealjia haepbe* 
nijen hunb pmtpa^ 
3 XXX eac 
]7a he J?aj' pojxulb. 
]7ujxh japt-jebal^ 
opjypan pceolbe^ 
him on lapfce peth* 
leop peajibobe. 



10 



20 



30 



[56] 



Then these words spake 
the patriarch of mankind : — 
^ Me hath the Eternal given 
a son^ himself^ 
the Lord of trimnphs, 
the Prince of life, 
in place of the beloved, 
of him whom Cain slew, 
and anxious sorrow, 
with this kin-substance, 
hath driven from my mind, 
our Lord ; 
therefore to him be thanks.' 

Adam had, 
when he again began, 
as a staff to his race, 
to beget another 
child by his wife, 
the chief renowned — 
a himdred and thirty, 
of this life, 
winters in the world. 
2%c Scriptures tell us, 
that here eight hundred 
he afterwards increased, 
with daughters and with sons, 
his family. 
Adam on earth 
had in all 

nine hundred winters, 
and thirty eke, 
when he this world, 
through divorce from life, 
must resign. 
After him Seth 
the beloved was guardian 3 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



69 



eapojia aeptep ylbjium. 


the son after his parents 


e|?el-ft61 heolb. 


ruled the patrial seat. 


;] pip bejeafc. 


and obtained a wife : 


pinqia hsepbe. 


winters he had 


jnp 3 hunb fceontij- 


a hundred and five, 


]7a heo f uji'Sum onjan* 


when she also began 


hip maj-bujije. 


his kindred. 


men jelcean* 


his people, to increase 


]*unum 3 bohtjium- 


with sons and daughters. 


pethef eapojia* 


10 Seth's son 


pe ylbepfca paep. 


the eldest was 


6nor haten* 


called Enos, 


pe nembe job. 


who called on God, 


iii'S]?a beajina- 


of the children of men, 


8§pept ealpa* 


first of all. 


p'SiSan abam pfcdp. 


after Adam stept 


on 5ji6ne jjiaSp. 


on the green grass. 


japfce jepeop.*8ab. 


with spirit dignified. 


peth paep jepahj. 


Seth was happy — 


p'S'San pfcjiynbe. 


20 he afterwards begat. 


peopon pintep h^ji. 


seven winters here. 


puna 3 bohfcjia. 


sons and daughters. 


onb eahta hunb* 


and eight hundred : 


ealpa hsepbe* 


he had in all 


xu. 3 mjon hunb. 


twelve and nine hundred. 


]7a peo rib jepeajiiS. 


when the time came 


}>ahepju'S-jebfl*. 


that he a divorce from life 


ppemman pceolbe. 


must execute. 


him aeptep heolb. 


[ 57 ] After him ruled — [parted — 


}>a he op populbe jepdfc. 


30 when he (Seth) had from life de- 


enop yppe- 


Enos the heritage. 


p*8*8an eop*8e ppealh« 


after earth had swallowed 


pafeb-bepenbep. 


the seed-bearing 


j-ethep lice. 


Seth's body: 


he p«p leop jobe. 


he was dear to God, 


» The same as. 


or perhaps an error for, peojih-jebal. 



70 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



;j lifbe h^ji. 
pintpa hunb mjonti;- 
8§ji he be pipe heji- 
'pujih jebebfcipe. 
beajin ajiqiynbe- 
him }^a cenneb peaji'S* 
caman s^jieft:* 
eajiopa on e*81e« 
piSiSan eahta hiinb* 
3 fipfcyno. 
on Fju^o bjxihtner- 
jleap-feph'S hsdle^' 
jeojolSe ffcjiynbe- 
pma T bohtjia* 
rpealt J^ he h«j:be» 
ppdb Fyjrn pitet*. 
V. ;j nijon hunb- 
fajie cneojnjje. 
fsey caman p^^San* 
aeftejx enoj-e- 
alboji-bema* 
peajxb ^ plfa- 
pmicpa haefbe- 
epie hmib j-eoponlcij* 
8&JI him pmu p<5ce. 
}>a peaji^ on ej?le. 
eajiojia pebeb. 
majo earner i>. 
malalahel paep haten* 
p'S'San eahta himb* 
»«ehn5a jilm. 
3 peopejifcijimi eac» 
peojium jeicte. 
enopef pmu* 
ealjia mjon hunb* 

^ Thus the MS. and Junius ; 



10 



and lived here 

ninety winters, 

ere he by his wife here, 

through marriage, 

begat children : 

then to him was bom 

Cainan first, 

his heir in the land ; 

after that, /or eight hundred 

and fifteen years, 

in the Lord's peace, 

the sagacious chieftain 

begat a youthful offspring, 

sons and daughters } 

and died when he was 

(with length of years decayed) 

five and nine hundred. 

Of that race 

was Cainan then, 

after Enos, 

chief judge, 

guardian and director : 

he had winters 

just seventy, 

ere to him a son was bom. 

Then in the country was 

an heir brought forth, 

the son of Cainan, 

he was called Mahalaleel : 

then /or eight hundred years, 

the number of men 

and forty eke, 

he with lives increased. 

Enos' son 

in all nine hundred 

jintrjium seems the correct reading. ^ So in MS. 



20 



[58] 



30 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



71 



pmt)ia hsfbe* 

fa he pojiulb ojijea):* 

;j fcyne e&. 

J?a hif rib-b«je*. 

unbejx jiobejia jitim* 

jiim p»f jepylleb:. 

XIX. 

|>im ou lafte heolb. 

lanb 3 yjife. 

malaleh^L 

jrShan majyejia** pojin. 

pe jijium-j^jia. 

pintpa hsepbe* 

pSL he be pipe onjann* 

beapna jt^iynan* 

him bjiyb pinu- 

meople to monnum bjiohte 

pe ma^a pa^p* 

on hip maejJSe. 

mine jeppiaeje. 

pima on jeojoiSe- 

i^jieb haten- 

lipbe p*8*8an. - 

;j hppa b)ieac* 

malalehel lan^e- 

mon-bpeama h^p* 

pojinlb-jeptjieona- 

pmt^ haepbe* 

pip T hunb mjontij- 

}?a he pop's jepat- 

^ eahta hmib* 

eapopan laepbe- 



wmters had^ 

when he the world resigned^ 

and ten besides ; 

when of his time's days, 

under heaven'^ space^ 

the number was fulfilled. 

XIX. 

After him ruled 

the land and heritage 

Mahalaleel, 
10 for many years after. 

The patriarch 

five and sixty 

winters had, 

when he by his wife began 

to beget children. 

To him a son his bride, 

t^e damsel, brought among men ; 

the youth was, 

in his tribe, 
20 as I have heard tell, 

the man in youth, 

Jared called. 

Lived afterwards 

and enjoyed favour 

Mahalaleel long, 
[ 59 ] human joys here, 

worldly treasures. 

Winters he had 

five and ninety, 
90 whence he departed forth 

and eight hundred : 

his son he left. 



* Apparently an error for cib-baxa. 

^ IsL missiri^ strictly a space of six months. 



72 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



lanb ^ ieob-peajib* 

lonje p'S'San* 

jeajieb jumum* 

jolb bjufcfcabe. 

fe eojil paef ae'Sele* 

86p«ffc haele'S^ 

T re Hium-jdji. 

hip ppeo-mdpnn leop. 

pip ^ hunb teonfcij. 

on pyope lipbe- 

pintjia ^ebibenjia* 

on populb-pice. 

•3 pyxtij edc» 

}>a peo pael jepeapiS* 

^ hip pip punu. 

on pojiulb bpohte*^ 

pe eapojia p8§p. 

enoc hafcen* 

ppeohc pjium-beapn^ 

paebep hep }>a jyt. 

hip cynnep pop*8- 

cneo-pim icte. 

pmqia* eahta hunb* 

ealpa haepbe* 

V. T pyxcij. 

Jm he pop's jep^t. 

•] nijon hunb eac- 

mht-jejiimep. 

pine pp<5b pinfcpep* 

|?a he |?ap populb opjeap- 

onb jeapeb |?a. 

jleapum laepbe. 

lanb 3 leob-peapb. 

leopum piiice- 

enoch pi^^an- 



10 



20 



30 



[60] 



the land and people's guardian. 

Long after 

Jared to the people 

dispensed gold : 

the earl was noble, 

a righteous man, 

and the patriarch was 

to his kindred dear: 

a hundred and five 

he passed in life, 

years sustained 

in the world's kingdom, 

and sixty eke: 

then came the time 

that his wife a son 

brought into the world ; 

the heir was 

Enoch called, 

a comely first-bom. 

The father here yet 

of his race forth 

the progeny increased, 

eight hundred winters : 

he had in all 

five and sixty years, 

when he departed forth^ 

and nine hundred eke 

of nights computed, 

the man stricken in years, 

when he this world resigned ; 

and Jared then 

to a man of prudence left 

the guardianship of land and peo- 

to a beloved chief. [pie, 

Enoch then 



^ MS. and Junius eajrojia. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



73 



10 



ealbojibom ahdj:* 

ppeoiSo-fpeb jzolcef pij-a^ 

nallef p eallan let* 

bdin ;j bjuhfcfcipe*- 

J?euben he hyjibe paf • 

heapob-maja* 

bjieac blaeb-baja. 

beajina ftjiynbe- 

J?jieo hunb pintjia* 

him p»r }>eoben holb. 

jiobejia palbenb. 

pe jiinc heonon. 

on hchoman* 

hjje pohte. 

bjuhcnep buju*8e. 

nalep bea'Se ppealfc- 

mibban-jeajibep- 

J7>a heji men bdiS. 

jeonje "j ealbe* 

]7onne him job heojia* 

s&hta 3 fi&fcpipfc. 

eoji'San jepfcjieona^ 

onjemmeB. 

"J heojia albojx pomeb. 

&c he cpic Tepfe. 

mxb c^j enjla. 

OFlTiTumtenaii. 

lipe pjiean. 

on l^am jeajipum* 

pe hip japfc onpenj. 

s^ji hiue to monnum* 

moboji bjiohte. 

he J^am ylbeptan. 

eapojian Ispbe* 

pole pjium-beajxne . [ 62 ] 

^ The line in alliteration with 



20 



30 



raised his sovereignty, 

his glad sway, Me nation's guide : 

he let not sink 

his power and domination, 

while he was guardian, 

chief of kin. 

He enjoyed prosperous days, 

begat children : 

three hundred winters 

the Lord was gracious to him, 

the Ruler of the skies. 

The chief from hence, 

in body, 

sought happiness, 

through the Lord's goodness : 

he died not the death 

of mid-earth, 

as here men do, 

young and old, 

when from them God their 

wealth and substance, 

earth's treasures, 

taketh away, 

and their life also, — 

but he quick departed, 

with the King of angels, 

from these rewards, 

in life to his Lord, 

in the vestment 

which his soul received, 

ere him 'mongst men 

his mother brought. 

He to his eldest 

son left 

the nation, to his first-born : 

bom *j bjiihrjcipe is wanting. 



74 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



pintpa hsefbe* 
]7a.he pojiulb ofjeap. 
^ eac lu. hunb* 
}?jxaje p'S^an. 
mathufal heolb* 
ma^ yjipe. 
fe (5n lichaman- 
lenjeffc l^iije. 
pojiulb-bjieama bpeac- 
pojin jeffcpynbe. 
8&JI hif fpylc-baeje. 
pina ^ bohtpa- 
haepbe pjidb haele* 
]?a he Fjiom pceolbe. 
niJ^J^um hpeojipn* 
nijon hunb pintpa^ 
^ hunb peoponfcij td. 
punu aepteji heolb. 
lamech leob-jeajib- 
lanje p'SiSan. 
pojiulb bjxyfctabe. 
piDirpa haepbe- 
tpa T hunb fceontij. 
J?a peo tib jepeap*8. 
f pe eojil dnjan. 
a&'Sele cennan* 
punu "J bohtop. 
pi'SiSan lipbe. 
pip 3 hunb mjontij. 
ppea monijep bpeac- 
pin tpa unbep polcnum 
pepobep albop* 
V. hunb eac heolb* 
f pole teala* 
beapna ptpynbe* 



five and sixty 

winters he had, 

when he the world resigned, 

and eke three hundred. 

A while after, 

Mathuselah ruled 

his fathers* heritage, 

who in body 

longest this 
10 world's delights enjoyed: 

several he begat, 

ere his death-day^ 

sons and daughters. 

The sage chieftain had, 

when he must from 

men depart, 

nme hundred wmters, 

and seventy also. 

His son held after^ 
20 Lamech, the patrial seat ; 

long afterwards 

he the world ruled ; 

winters he had 

a hundred and two, 

when the time was 

that the earl began 

to beget noble 

sons and daughters : 

he lived afterwards 
30 five and ninety : 

the chief enjoyed many 

winters under the skies, 

the people's prince : 

five himdred eke he ruled 

the nation well, 

children begat. 



GNOMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



75 



him byjmf pdcan* 

eapojia *] ibefja- 

he }?one ylbeftan- 

no8& n^mbe* 

j-e ni^iSum 8§p . 

lanb bjiyttabe* 

p:8^an lamech jepdfc. 

haepbe 8&iSehn5a« 

alboji-plfa. 

v. hunb pmt:pa* 

|?a he puji«um onjan. 

beajiua ptjiynan* 

J^ap 'pe bee q>e'Sai$« 

pem pap hdten< 

punu ndep- 

pe ylbepfca* 

o'Sep ch^* 

J^pibba lapeth. 

}^eoba tymbon- 

ptime unbep pobepum* 

plm miclabe* 

monna ma^e* 

jeonb mibban-jeapb- 

punum *] bohfcpum. 

^a jiefc pap pefchep cynn< 

leopep leob-ppuman- 

on lupan ppi*8e* 

bpihtne byjie- 

•3 bdm-eabi;* 

XX. 

OS f beapn jobep. 
bpyba onjunnon* 
on cainep- 
cynne pecan- 
peppun poke* 



to him was offspring bom 

of sons and daughters : 

the eldest he 

named Noah^ 

who whilom amongst men 

ruled the land^ 

after Lamech departed. 
[ 63 ] Had of men 

the chief ruler 
10 five hundred winters, 

when he also began 

to beget children, 

from what books tell us : 

Shem was called 

Noah's son 

the eldest, 

the second Cham, 

Japhet the third. 

The nations teemed 
20 abundantly under heaven, 

the number increased 

of the race of men, 

over mid«-earth^ 

with sons and daughters. 

As yet was the kin of Seth, 

the beloved chieftain, 

much in esteem, 

dear to the Lord, 

and blessed with sway, 

XX. 

30 Until God's children 
began brides 
among Cain's 
kin to seek, 
the folk accursed. 



76 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



11 



;j him ]786p pif cujxon. 

ofep mefcobef eft. 

monna eajiojian- 

fcylbpuljxa maejS. 

fcyne ;3 p&jejie.^ 

]7a jieojxbabe- 

jiobojxa palbenb. 

pjxa'S mon-cynne. 

;j J?a p<5jxbe cpaeiS. 

ne*pyni)on me on pejih'Se pjieo 

pjiom jepitene- 

cneojxipn camep. 

&c me ^ cynn hapa'S* 

Y&jie £bol jen • [ 64 ] 

nu me pethep beajm* 

fcojm mpia^« 

•] him t6 mma'S. 

maeje'S to jemaeccum. 

minjia peonba* 

|?86p pipa phte. 

onpdb jpome. 

ibepa anpien- 

•J ece peonb. 

polc-bpiht pepa- 

}?a 8&P on ppi'Se pepon. 

pi'S'San hunb tpelptij. 

jeteleb pime* 

pmtpa on populbe. 

ppaece bipjobon- 

paeje |?eoba. 

hponiie ppea polbe- 

on paeji-lojan. 

pite pettan. 

^ on bea*8 plean. 

bs&bum pcylbije. 

ji jant-ma&cjap • 



20 



30 



and there to them chose wives, 
against the Creator's will, 
the children of men, 
the race of the guilty, 
beauteous and fair. 

Then spake 
heaven's Ruler, 
wroth with mankind, 
and these words said : — 
* They have not in life blameless 
departed from me, 
the family of Gain, 
but me that race hath 
sore offended : 

now the children of Seth my 
anger renew, 
and to them take, 
for mates, maidens 
of my foes, 

where the women's beauty 
hath furiously pervaded 
{the aspect of the females 
and the eternal foe) 
the nation of men, 
who were erst in peace/ 
After that a hundred and twenty, 
by number counted, 
winters in the world, 
were busied in evil 
the fated people ; — 
when the Lord would 
on the perfidious 
set punishment, 
and them slay to death, 
the guilty by their deeds, 
the giant-progeny. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



77 



jobe unledpe* 
nucle mdn-fcea'San* 
mefcobe W^e. 
]7a jej-eah felpa. 
pjojia palbenb. 
hpddt psef motma* 
raAaey on eop.'Saii* 
3 ^ hie paejxon. 
pomma 'Sjupfce- 
lopitpulle* 
he p tinpaejejie. 
pejia cneopijyum. 
jepjiecan J^ohte* 
popjjupan 5um-cynne- 
jpimme 3 pdjxe. 
heajibum mihtuin* 
hjieap hine ppiSe. 
^ he polc-maejj^a. 
fjiuman apeahte* 
a&'Sehnja ojxb. 
'pQ. he abam pce<5p« 
cpa&*8 f he polbe* 
pojx pejia ryimuin- 
eall & s&'San* 
f on eojiiSan paep- 
pojileopan Ilea jehpilc* 
J?apa pe lipep japt. 
pae'Smum ]?eahte* 
eall f pjiea polbe* 
on 'Ss&jie tdpeajiban- 
dbe acpellan* 
pe )?a nedlaehte* 
ni'S'Sa beafinum* 
nde p8§p "^db* 
nepjenbe leop- 
ppiBe jepsehj- 



hateful to 6od^ 
the great sinners, 
hostile to the Creator j — 
when himself saw, 
the Lord of triumphs, 
what was men's 
wickedness on earth, 
and that they were 
daring in crimes, 

10 guileful, — 
he that foully 
on the race of men 
resolved to punish, 
mankind to overwhelm 
grimly and sorely 
. with hu strong powers. 
Much it rued him, 
that he of nation-tribes 
had a beginning raised, 

20 of men an origin, 

when Adam he created : 
said that he would, 
for men's sins, 
for ever deluge all 
that was on earth, 
destroy each body 
of those who life's spirit 
covered in their breasts ; 
all that would the Lord, 

30 inthecommg 
time, destroy, 
which then drew near 
to the children of men. 

Noah was good, 
to the Preserver dear, 
greatly blessed, 



7» 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



funu Idmechef • 

bdmpeffc •] jeb^jze. 

bjiihten pifte* 

f ^my ae'Selinjef . 

ellen bohte« 

bpeoffc-jehyjbum. 

fopBon him bjiejo f»jbe. 

hali; a&t: hleo'Sjie* 

helm allpihta- 

hp»fc he pah-pepum* 

ppemman polbe* 

jepeah unpihce. 

eopiSaii fulle* 

pibe psSl-ponjap. 

pynnum jehlabene. 

piblmn jepembe- 

J?a palbenb pppaec* 

nepjenb uppep. 

3 t6 nde cpaeiS. 

Ic pille mib pl<5be« 

pole acpellan* 

3 cymia jehpilc* 

cucpa puhta* [ 65 ] 

fapa |?e lypt "j pldb* 

l»ba*8 ^ peba*. 

peoh 3 pujlap. 

)7U pcealt: ppi'S habbaa- 

mib pmium }^!iium« 

'Soime ppeapc paefcep. 

ponne pal-jt:peamap. 

pepobum ppeljaiS. 

peeaiSum pcylbpullum* 

onjyn "Se pcip pypcan- 

mepe-htip micel* 

on ]?am ]>ti monejum pcealt 

pepte jepyman* 



20 



30 



the son of Lamech, 

just and meek. 

27ie Lord knew 

that the man's 

courage was good 

in his breast's thoughts^ 

therefore the Lord to him said, 

the Holy, by revelation, 

the Protector of all creatures, 

what he upon his enemies 

would execute. 

He saw of unrighteousness 

earth full; 

its wide fertile plains 

laden with sins, 

defiled with pollutions. . 

Then the Powerful spake, 

our Preserver, 

and to Noah said :— 

^ I will with flood 

the folk destroy, 

and every kind 

of living things, 

of those that air and flood 

tram and brmg forth, 

beasts and birds : 

thou shalt have peace 

with thy sons, 

when the swart water, 

the dark death-streams, 

swell with the multitudes, 

with the guilty vn*etches. 

Begin thee a ship to make, 

a great sea-house, 

in which thou shalt to many 

leave room for resting-places. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



7» 



10 



•5 juhte fed. 
»lcum ^yteji djemim* 
eop.%an tubjie* 
jefcype fcylpan- 
on fcipef bdj-me- 

pptijer pib. 

•Spittijef heah- 

]7jieo hunb Ian;* 

eln-jemefca- 

3 yvS y^a jepyjic. 

jepes-jaBfte. 

)?a&ji fceal jaefl pefan* 

cpic-lipjenbjia • 

cynna jehpilcef • 

on f pubu-peften. 

poco]i jelaebeb. 

eoji'San cubjief • 

eajic fceal J?y mdjie* 

ndepjieme* [66] 

fpa hine nejijenb heht* 21 

hyjibe ]7am haljaa* 

heoFon-cynin je • 

onjaa opoftlice* 

f hop pyjican. 

micle mepe-ciefte* 

majum j^ae^be* 

^ p8er )?iiealic ]?mj. 

J?eobum copeajib. 

peiSe pite. so 

hie ne jiohtDon ]7s6f • 

jepeah ]7a ymb prnt^pa pojm- 

p8&pF»r^ mecob. 

jeoponhufa maept. 

jeapo hhpjean* 



and fitting seats 

for each^ after his own kind^ 

of earth's progeny. 

Form shelves 

in the ship's bosom ; 

make thou the vessel 

fifty wide, 

thirty high, 

three hundred long, 

of ell-measures 5 [waves, 

and, Against the working of the 

seamfast. 

There shall be food 

for the living, 

of every kind, 

into that wood-fastness 

brought, the produce 

of earth's progeny : [greater/ 

therefore must the ark be the 

Noah zealously, 
as his Preserver bade him, 
obeyed the holy 
King of heaven ; 
began forthwith 
the house to build, 
the great sea-chest ; 
said to his lunsmen, 
that a dire thing was 
about to befall the nations, 
harsh punishment : — 
of this they recked not. 
Saw then, after a lapse of winters, 
the upright Creator 
the greatest of sea-houses 
arise complete ; 



* I suspect this to be an error of the scribe for >8et;. 



80 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



mnan 'j ucan* 
eoji'San lime* 
jepeffcnob fi^ pldbe. 
paSji noef • 
]?y releffcan. 
f If fynbjuj cynn. 
jymle hi^ J?y heajibjia* 
pe hit: hjieoh pa&fceji. 
fpeapte fa&-rtjieamaf • 
fpi'Soji beafca'S. 

XXI. 

Da to n<5e cpa&'S* 
nejijenb ujjep. 
ic J?e l^a&f mine* 
monna leopoft* 
pa&jie jejylle- 
^ ]?u pej nimeffc. 
;j jieojia yasyh 
pe J?u pejuan pcealfc- 
jeonb beop pa&fceji- 
ba&j-jiimep pojm- 
on Iibep bdpme- 
laeb fpa ic J?e hate- 
mibeji eajice-bdjib- 
eajiojian J?ine. 
jzjium-j^pan J?jiy- 
;j eopeji peopeji pip. 
onb J?u peopone jenmi< 
on ^ jomb-jieceb. - 
fcubjia jehpilcep. 
jefceleb plmep. 
]7ajia J?e fco mete, 
mannum hp^e* 
*] J?ajia o'Sejia. 



within and without, 
with lime of earth% 
strengthened against the flood, 
the vessel of Noah, 
with the best (lime) : 
that is a wondrous kind, 
ever it is the harder, 
as it the rough water, 
the swart sea-streams, 
10 the harder beat. 

XXI. 

[ 67 ] Then to Noah said 

our Preserver : — 

^ I thee for this, 

most beloved of men, 

my covenant give, 

that thou tht/ way takest, 

and the food of the living beings^ 

which thou shalt bear 

over the deep water, 
ao for a course of days, 

in tht/ ship^s bosom : 

lead, as I command thee, 

under the ark-boards 

thy progeny, 

the three patriarchs, 

and your four wives ; 

and take thou seven, 

into that ocean-dwelling, 

of every produce, 
30 by number told, 

of those which as food 

for men live, 

and of the others 



a t. e. bitumen. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



81 



aelcef fcp^. 

fpilce 'Su op eallum* 

eoji'San paejnnum* 

piffce unbeji paSj-bdjib* 

pejiobum jela&be^ 

l^am ]?e mib pceolon* 

mejie-pl<5b nepan* 

peb fjieohce- 

peojia p<5cpe« 

0*8 ic J?»jie l&pe* 

lajo-p'Sa epc. 

jieopbe unbep jiobejium 

jiyman pille. 

^eplt ]7u nu mib hipum* 

on f h<5p janjan* 

japca pejiobe. 

ic J?e jdbne pdt* 

paept-hybijne* 

Jm eapfc jrjieoiSo pyji'Se. 

ajia mib eapopum* 

ic on dnbplitan* 

nu opeji peopon niht* 

pijan Mfce« 

paell-pejn upan* 

pbjie eoji'San. 

peopepcij baja- 

paeh'Se Ic pille. 

on pepap pcaSlan. 

3 mib paej-l^peafce. 

a&hta *] ajenb. 

eall acpellan. 

J?a be-ufcan beo'S- 

eapce bdjibum. 

JTonne ppeajifc jiacu- 



two of each^ 

such as thou of all 

the fruits of earth [boards, 

hast known, under the wave- 
lead to the multitudes, 

to those who shall with thee 

visit the ocean-flood. 

Feed freely 

the living progeny, 
10 till to the remnant I 

the watery ways again, 

by my voice under heaven, 

will clear. [ers. 

Depart thou now with tht/ follow- 

into that house to go, 

with the multitude of thy guests; 

I know thee good, 

steadfast in mind,— 

thou art worthy of love, 
20 of honours, with tht/ offspring. 

I on the face*3 

now seven nights hence, 

will let descend 

a fatal rain from above, 

of the broad earth ; 

for forty days 

with vengeance I will 

steal on men, 

and with the billow-host 
30 owned and owner 

all destroy 

who shall be without 

the ark-boards, 

when the swart flood 



* Line 21 must be read in connection with 1. 25 ; the three intervening lines 
being a parenthesis. 



82 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



jtijan onjinneiS. 


shall begin to rise/ 


him J?a nde jepdc. 


Noah then departed^ 


fpa hine nejijenb het. 


as the Preserver bade him. 


unbeji eajice-b6pb- 


under the ark-boards. 


eapojian Mban- 


leading his offspring. 


pejiaf on pa^-J?el- 


the men into the wave-timber, 


3 heojia pip pomeb- 


and their wives with them. 


3 eall f to paeple. 


and all that for provision 


pjiea selmihti;- 


the Lord Almighty 


habhan polbe* 


10 would have. 


unbeji hjidp-jepdji. 


under the roofed vessel. 


to heopa ste ppsfta- 


for their food would give ; 


ppa him aelmihtij. 


as him the almighty 


pejioba bpihten. 


[ 68 ] Lord of hosts 


]?uph hip pdjib abedb. 


[ 69 ] through his word commanded. 


h!m on hoh* beleac- 


Behind them closed 


heopon-picep peajib* 


heaven's kingdom's Guardian 


mepe-htipep rnd^S* 


the sea^house's mouth, 


munbum pinum* 


with his hands. 


p^opa palbenb* 


ao the Lord of triumphs. 


*] pejnabe. 


and blessed 


eajice mnan- 


the ark within. 


djenum ppebum. 


by his own powers. 


nejijenb uppep. 


our Preserver. 


n<5e ha&pbe. 


Noah had. 


pimu lamechep. 


Lamech's son. 


pyx himb pmtjia* 


six hundred vrinters. 


]?a he mib beapnum* 


when he with his children 


unbep b<5pb jeptah. 


entered under the boards. 


jleap mib jeojoiSe. 


30 the sage with the young, 


be jobep haepe. 


at God's behest. 


buje'Sum byjium* 


mih the dear chieftains. 


bpihten penbe. 


TTie Lord sent j 


jiejn ppom jiobejium. 


rain from heaven. 


3 eac jitime let- 


and also amply let 


* Literally on 


their heels; from hoh^ hough, heel. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



83 



pille-bupnan* 
on pojiulb J^jiin^an* 
Of aebjia jehpaejie- 
ejoji-ptjiedmaf • 
fpeajifce fp<5jan« 
p6f tip )t;ijon. 
ojieji jt:aeiS-peallaf • 
ftpanj p»f tj jieiSe- 
fe'Se paetjium peolb* 
ppeah 3 ]7eaht:e- 
m^-paeh'Su beajm* 
mibban-jeajibep. 
ponnan ps^e* 
pejia e'8el-lanb. 
h<5p hejijobe- 
hyje teonan pjiaec. 
metob on monnum* 
mejierpi-Sejjiip. 
on paeje pole* 
peopepcij ba^a* 
nihta o'Seji ppilc- 
nrS paep peiSe- 
paell-jpim pepum* 
pulbop-cymnjep. 
f&a, ppaecon- 
dpleappa peoph- 
op pla&pc-homan* 
pl6b ealle ppeah* 
hpeoh unbep heoponum 
hed-beopjap« 
jeonb pibne jpunb. 
3 on punb dhdp- 
eapce ppom eopiSan* 
;j J?a eeipelo mib- 
pVL pejnabe- 
pelpa bpihfcen* 

G 2 



the well-brooks 

throng on the worlds 

from every vein. 

TTie torrent-streams 

dark somided^ 

the seas rose 

over their shore- walls ; 

strong and stern was 

he who o'er the waters swayed, 
10 who covered and overwhelmed 

the sinful sons 

of middle-earth 

with the dark wave ; 

men's natal lands, 

their dwellings, ravaged ; 

their mind's crimes avenged 

the Creator on men : 

the sea griped fiercely 

on the fated folk. 
90 For forty days, 

and nights as many^ 

the punishment was stem, 

fatally grim to men : 

the King of glory's 

waves drove 

the lives of the impious 

from their carcases. 

Flood covered all 

(rough under heaven) 
30 the high mountains 

over the wide ground, 
> and raised afloat 

the ark from earth, 

and with it the nobility, 

whom blessed 

the Lord himself. 



84 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fcyppenb ujj'eji. 
J?a he ^ ycip beleac* 
p'B'San pibe jidb. 
polcnum unbeji* 
opeji holmep hpincj- 
h<5p pelepfce. 
p<5ji mib peapme* 
pafejie ne mopton. 
paej-li'Senbum* 
pa&fcjiep bjio^an* 
h»pte hjiinon. 
ac hie hah^ job. 
pejiebe *] nejiebe. 
ppcena pfc<5b. 
beop opepi btinum* 
p8&-bjieiice pldb- 
monnep ehia* 
f ip msejio pyjib. 
J?am aet mehptan pa&p. 
ndn fco jebile. 
nym]?e heo p»p fliapen- 
on ]7a hedn lypt:. 
J?a pe ejoji-hepe- 
eojiiSan tubboji- 
eall acpealbe* 
buton ^ eajice-bdjib. 
heolb heopona pjiea* 
psk hine hah J job. 
ece upp pojilefc. 
6b monne* 
ptjieamum pfcijan. 
pti'S-pejih'S cymnj:. 

XXII. 

Da jemunbe job. 
mepe-hSenbe. 



10 



20 



[70] 



30 



[71] 



our Creator, 

when he closed up the ship. 

Then rode at large 
under the skies^ 
over the orb of ocean^ 
that house most excellent, 
fared with its store ; 
gushing streams might not 
the wave-faring, 
horrors of the water, 
furiously touch ; 
but them the holy God 
conducted and preserved. 
Fifteen stood 
deep over the downs 
the sea-drenching flood 
ells of man. 

That was an awful fate, 
from which at last was 
nought exempt, 
unless 'twere raised 
in the high air, 
when the water-host 
earth's progeny 
all destroyed ; 
save that the ark-board 
the Lord of heaven held, 
when it the holy God 
eternal left on high, 
for man's regeneration, 
on the streams to mount, 
the King stem of mind. 

XXII. 

Then remembered God 
the sea-faring, 



CiGDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



85 



jijojia palbenb* 
pinu lamecbef • 
^ ealle J?a pdcjie. 
J?e he ytS paecjie beleac* 
lifCf leohfc-pjiuma* 
on libef bdpme. 
jelaebbe J?a pijenb. 
pejioba bpihfcen. 
pojibe* opeji pib lanb. 
piU-pldb onjdn. 
lytlijan epfc. 
la^o ebbabe* 
ppeajifc unbeji ppejle- 
haepbe pd'S mefcob. 
eapojium ej-jt:jieain. 
epfc jecyjipeb. 
cojihfc-pyne. 
jiejn jeptilleb* 
p<5ji f&oai^ pcip . 
L. ^ c. 

nihta unbeji jiobejium* 
p'S'San naejleb bdjib. 
pa&ji pelepfce. 
pldb up-ah<5p* 
0*5 f pim-jetaeL 
pe'Sjie J^jiaje- 
baja pop's jepilc- 
J?a on bdnum jepaet. 
hedh mib hlaepte. 
holm-aejina maepfc. 
eapc noep« 
'pe ajunema* 



10 



20 



30 



the Lord of triumphs^ 

the son of Lamechj 

and all the living beings [water^ 

which he had inclosed against the 

the Author of life's lights 

in the ship's bosom. 

Led then the warrior 
Lord of hosts 

a wind over the wide land ; 
the well-flood began 
again to lessen^ 
the water ebbed 
dark under the firmament ; 
the just Creator had 
from his children the dire stream 
averted, 

the bright in course 
the rain had stilled. 
TTie foamy ship rode 
a hundred and fifty 
nights under heaven, 
since that the nailed timber, 
vessel most excellent, 
the flood upraised, 
until the number 
of the dire period 
of days had passed. 
Then on the mountains sate, 
lofty, with its lading, 
^eatest of ocean-houses, 
the ark of Noah, 
which** Armenia 



^ For pojibe we ought, without doubt> to read pint), the passage being a trans- 
lation of Gen. viii. 1 : " And God made a wind to pass over the earth." 

^ i. e. which mountains; the natural order of the words being. Then on the 
mountains, which are called Armenia, the arJc of Noah, greatest, 8fc,, sate. 



86 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



hatene f ynbon. 
J?»ji fe hal^a b£b» 
jiinu lamechej*- 
fO'Sjia ^ehata* 
lan^e l^jiaje. 
hponne him lijief peapb* 
pjiea aelmihti;- 
ppecenpa piSa. 
jieffce ajeape. 
}?aBjie he jitime bjieah* 
pdL hme on funbe. 
jeonb fibne jjiunb* 
ponne yUa^ 
pibe bs^jion* 

holm pa&f heonon-peapb* 
haeleiS lanjobe* 
paej-h'Senbe- 
ppilce pip heopa* 
hponne hie op neappe- 
opep naejleb bopb* 
opep pcpeam-pta'Se- 
pfcaeppan mopten. 
'-} op enje tit- 
aehta laeban* 
\f& panbobe. 
pop'Speapb pcipep. * 
hpaebep pmcenbe. 
pa6-pl<5b J?a jyfc. 
paSpe imbep polcnmn* 
let }7a ymb popn baja* 
]7aep 'pe heah hho'So* 
hopbe onpenjon. 
3 ae^elum edc- 
eopiSan fcubpep. 
fumi lamechep. 
ppeapcne pleojan. 



are called ; 

there awaited the holy 

son of Lamech 

the faithful promiseB^ 

a long space^ 

when him life's Guardian^ 

the Lord almighty^ 

from his perilous joumeyings 

should give rest^ 
10 for which he suffered much^ 

when on the water him, 

over the wide ground, 

the dark waves 

bore afar. 

77ie sea was ebbing, 

the chieftains longed /or the time, 

the wave-faring, 

their wives also, 

when they from durance, 
20 over the nailed boards, 

over the stream-shore, 

might step, 

and from confinement out 

lead their possessions. 
Then he assayed, 

at the ship's prow, 

whether sinking 

the sea-flood yet 

were imder the skies : 
30 let then (after some days 

that the lofty mountain-tops 

had received the treasure, 

and the chiefs also 

of earth's progeny), 

the son of Lamech 
fly a swart 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



87 



hjiepi opeji heah-jd6b« 
Of htife tic. 
ii<$e tealbe- 
f he on neob hme- 
•pf he on ]78epe labe- 
lanb ne pinbe* 
opeji fib paeteji' 
fecan polbe. 
on paej-]7ele ejzt- 
him feo pen jeleah* 
dc pe peonb jeppeajm* 
pleoteabe hpedp. 
palpij peiSejia. 
pecan nolbe* 
he ]?a ymb peopon mht* 
ppeapknim hpepne. 
op eapce poplet- 
aepcep pleo^an* 
opep heah psetep* 
happe culuppan* 
on panbun^a* 
hp»«ep pdmij p6. 
beop J?a 5yta. 
bael aenijne- 
jpenpe eop'San. 
opjipen haepbe* 
heo pibe hipe- 
pillan pohfce. 
^ ptime pleah- 
no hpe'Sepe pepte panb< 
f heo pop pidbe. 
pdtum ne meahte* 
lanb ^efpopnan* 



raven over the deep floods 

out from the house : 
[ 72 ] Noah expected 

that in need he him 

(if on the way he 

found not land 

over the wide water) 

would seek 

in the wave-house again : 
10 Him that hope deceived ; 

for the exulting /ot£^/ perched on 

the floating corpses,— ^ 

the sallow-feathered 

would not seek him. 
Then after seven nights he*, 

the swart raven, 

from the ark let out, 

to fly after, 

over the deep water, 
do a livid dove, 

on discovery, 

whether the foamy sea 

still deep 

any part 

of the green earth 

had given up : 

widely she her 

wiU sought, 

and flew far away, 
30 yet found no rest, 

so that, for the flood, she 

with her feet might not 

perch on land. 



» The order is. Then after seven nights he from the ark let out a livid dope, to fly 
after the swart raven, over the deep water. The inflections in A. S. obviate all 
obscurity in the original text. 



88 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ne on leap tjieopej-. 
fteppan poji jt:jieamum 
ic paejion pfceap-hleo'So. 
bepjujen mib paetjium* 
jepdfc pe pilba pujel. 
on aepenne. 
eajice pecan- 
opeji ponne paej- 

hunjjii CO hanba* 
hal^m jilnce* 
^a paep culuppe epc« 
op copan penbeb. 
ymb pucan pilbe- 
peo pibe pleah. 
or6 f heo ji6m-j^* 
jiepfce pfcope* 
paejejie punbe. 
*] J?a pdmm pcdp- 
on beam hyjie- 
jepeah bli«e-m<5b. 
]7aep ]7e heo jepecce. 
ppi«e pejuj. 
on tjieopep celjum- 
tophtum mopfce*. 
heo pe'Sepa onpceoc* 
jepdt pleojan ept- 
mib lacum hipe* 
h'Senb bpohte. 
ele-beamep cpij. 
An to hanba- 



10 



20 



30 



nor on the tree-leaves 

step for the streams ; 

for the steep mountain-tops were 

with waters covered. 

Went the wild fowl 

at eve, 

the ark to seek, 

over the dusky wave, 

weary to sink, 

hungry, into the hands 

of the holy man. 

Then was the dove again 
sent from the ark, 
after a week : wildly 
she flew far away, 
till that she, in space exulting, 
a resting-place 
fair found, 

and then with her feet 
stept on a tree 3 
blithe of mood rejoiced, 
because she sate 
much weary, 
on the tree's branches : 
on the lofty mast 
she shook her feathers ; 
again.went flying 
with her gifts ; 
sailing brought 
a twig of olive tree 
to hand, 



» Moj-t (errore tamen scribae pro maert). Mains navis et proinde excelsa qwevis 
in arhorefrons. This is the interpretation given in the Suppl. to Lye. I ques- 
tion its accuracy, but am unable to give a better : it requires that ^ejette should 
mean sate, instead of set ; that mojt should be an error for maejt:, and that tojiht 
should signify lofty. Judicent doctiores. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



89 



5j\ene blaebse* 
]7a onjeat hpaSe* 
jildt'inonna pjiea. 

f p»r FP^F^P cumen. 
eappo'S-p'Sa b<5c- 
V^ jyfc pe eabeja pep. 
ymb pucan J^pibban* 
pilbe culufjian* 
&ie penbe. 
peo ept ne com- 
to libe jileojaii* 
ac heo lanb bejeat* 
jjieqe beajipap* 
nolbe jlabu a&ppe. 
unbeji palpeb bopb*. 
17^'San a&typan. 
on J^ell-paeptenne. 
}?a hijie l^eajip ne pa&p :• 

XXIII. 

pa to n<5e pppaec- 
nepjenb ujjeji. 
heopon-jilcep peapb. 
hal^an jiebjibe* 
Jw If eSel-ftdl- 
ept jejiymeb. 
lippe on lanbe* 
lajo-p'Sa jiept. 
paejeji on polban- 
jepit on pjxe'So janjan< 
tit op eajice. 



10 



[73] 



20 



green leaves. 

Then quickly understood 

the chief of mariners, 

that comfort was come, [pense, 

his painful joumeyings' recom- 

Again the blessed man, 
after the third week, 
a wild dove 
sent, 

which not again came 
flying to the vessel, 
but she gained land, 
green groves ; 
she glad would not ever, 
under the pitched boards, 
afterwards appear, 
in ^Aa^ storied hold, 
when she had no need. 

XXIII. 

Then to Noah spake 

our Preserver, [dom, 

the Guardian of heaven^s king- 

with holy voice :— 

^ To thee a habitation is 

again assigned, 

favour in the land, 

rest from thy watery joumeyings 

fair on earth: 

Go forth in peace, 

out of the ark. 



^ jalpeb bojib, divertendi damns, mansio, hospitium, a Goth, saloan divertere, 
and bojib domus, Tims Lye interprets the expression. I rather suppose it to 
signify the salved hoard, in allusion to the bitumen, or other pitchy substance, 
with which the ark was rendered water-tight, from j^ealjpian to anoint, to salve, 
" And thou shalt pitch it within and without with pitch." — Gen. vi. 14. 



90 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



3 on eoji'San beajun* 

6y: ]7am he^-hope* 

hipan la&b ]7u* 

;j ealle J^a pocjie« 

J?^ ic p8§5-J?iiea« 

on hli'Se nejiebe* 

]7enben lajo hsepbe- 

l^jiymme jej^eahfce. 

|7jubba e«yl». 

he ppemebe ppa- 

*] pjiean hyjibe- 

ftah opeji ftjieam-peall* 

J7?a him p eo ffcepn bebe^b 

luftum miclum- 

*] alaebbe }?a. 

op paej-J^ele- 

pjia'Sjia lape. 

]7a noe on^an* 

nepjenbe Mc« 

jis&bpaepfc jie'Sjian. 

^ pecene jen^m* 

on^ eallum bs§l* 

sehtum juium* 

'Sam 'Se him to bu^e^um* 

bjiihten pealbe* 

jleap fco J?am jielbe* 

^ ]7a jobe pelpmi- 

cojJitm<5b haele* 

cibeji onpaejbe. 

cynmje enjla. 

hupu cuiS bybe. 

nepjenb ujjeji* 

]7a he tide* 

jeblefcpabe. 



10 



[7*] 



20 



30 



and on to earth's bosom^ 

from the low house^ 

lead thou thy family, 

and all the living creatures, 

that I, from the peril of the waves, 

saved on the mountain's side, 

while the water had 

covered with its mass 

a third of the country.' 

He did so, 
and the Lord obeyed, 
over the streain-wall passed, 
as him the voice commanded, 
with great delight ; 
and then led, 
from the wave-structure, 
the remnant of the rebellious. 

Then Noah began 
an offering to the Preserver, 
the firm of purpose to the stern 
and forthwith took [Deity y 

a part of all 
his possessions, 

from those which him for wealth 
the Lord had given, 
the prudent for that sacrifice, 
and then to God himself 
the chief bright of mind 
his offering dedicated, 
to the King of angels. 
Moreover made manifest 
our Preserver, 
when he Noah 
blessed 



• I doubt the accuracy of my translation of this verse. 
^ For on I suspect we should rea^ of . 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



91 



^ hif beajin fomeb* 
fhef jylb on j?anc^ 
ajipen ha&pbe. 
;j. on jeojoiS-Mbe* 
j<5bum bs^bum* 
s^ji ^eeajinob- 
]7a him ealpa psef • 
^pa effce- 

a&lmihtij 30b* 
btfmpaeft bujel^a- 
"ph jyfc bjiihcen cps&'S 
pulbpq- ealboji* 
pdjib t<5 nde- 
fcyma'8 nti ^ tiebpa^- 
fcijiep bjiuca^S. 
mib jepe^ f jiy^5o« 
fylla'8 eoji'San* 
eall jeicea'S* 
eop If e'Sel-ffcdl- 
holmep hlaeffc. 
*] heofon-pujla*- 
3 pilbu beop- 
on ^epealb jepealb. 
eopSe aeljjiene. 
*] eacen peoh* 
naepjie je nub bldbe* 
beob- jepeopbu • 
undplice* 
eoppe J^icjea'S. 
bepmifcen mib pynne. 
j-apl-bpeope. 
aelc hme pelpa. 
sSpept bejjiuibe'8'**. 



and his children also^ 

that he (Noah) that offering grate- 
had given, [fully 

and in his youth, 

by good deeds, 

had whilom merited, 

when to him was of all 

riches cis an abundant source 

almighty God, 
10 powerful in good. 

Again the Lord spake, 

the Chief of glory, 

words to Noah :— 

' Teem now and propagate, 

enjoy dominion, 

peace with delight, 

fill the earth, 

increase all things; 

to you is a habitation, 
20 the burthen of the sea, 

the fowls of heaven, 

and the wild beasts, 

in power given, 

the all-green earth, 

and increasing cattle : 

Never do ye with blood 

your table-meals 

impiously 
take, 
30 defiled with sin, 
[ 75 ] with blood of life : 
Each himself 
first depriveth 



A The sense requires that we should read jpujlaj. 

^ I am unable to assign any other interpretation of the word be^jiin^an than 
that given in Lye^ and which, though formed, it seems, merely from the context, 
is probably the correct one. 



92 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



jaftef buje'Sum. 

I^aejia* pe mib j^jief ojibe* 

o'Sjium alboji oiSJ^pinjcB. 

ne }?eajiF he ]?y ebleane jepedn 

mdb-^ej^ance* 

&c ic monnef jreoph^. 

to flajan fe'Se* 

fpi'Sop micle* 

^ fco bjio'Soji-banan* 

}?aef ]?e bldb-jyte. 

paell-jyll pepef . 

paepnum jeppebe'8. 

moji'S mib munbum* 

mon paep fco jobep* 

anUcneppe. 

8§pepfc jepceapen- 

aelc hapa'S ma^-plifce* 

mefcobep ^ enjla- 

l^apa ]7e healbaa pile* 

halije ]?eapap- 

peaxa'S 3 pjuba'S. 

pilna bjiuca'S* 

dpa on eop'San- 

a&'Selum pylla'8. 

eopjie pjxom-cynne. 

polban pceafcap- 

fceamum *] fcubpe. 

ic eop fcjieopa J^aep- 

mine pelle. 

f ic on mibban-jeapb. 

naeppe ejop-hepe* 

epfc jelaebe* 

paefcep opep plb lanb. 



10 



20 



30 



of his soul's happiness 

who, with weapon's point, 

life from another forceth ; 

he need not exult at his reward, 

in his mind's thoughts, 

for I man^s life 

will require of the slayer 

much the more, 

and of the fratricide, 

for that he bloodshed, 

slaughter of man, 

with weapons perpetrateth, 

murder with his hands. 

Man was to God's 

likeness 

first shapen ; 

each hath the image 

of the Creator and the angels ; 

those that will observe 

the holy ordinances 

shall wax and flourish, 

enjoy desires, 

riches on earth. 

Fill with your noble 

offspring 

the regions of earth, 

with t/our families and progeny. 

I to you for this my pledge 

will give, 

that I upon mid-earth 

the torrent-host never 

again will lead, 

the water over the wide land : 



> MS. and Junius J^sejie. 

^ My translation of this and of the three following lines is rather In conformity 
with the text of Scripture than from any authority for j-e^e in the signification 
of require : this verb does not seem to occur elsewhere. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



93 



je on polcnnm j?8ef . 

opfc jelome. 

3pefc-cfcen. 

ma^on fceapijan. 

pbnne ic fctiji-bojan- 

mlnne lepe. 

f ic monnum ]7af • 

paejie jelaeffce. 

I^enben pojiulb ftanbe^S* 

"Sa paef ye pnot^pa* 

pinu lamehep- 

op pejie acumen* 

pldbe on lajre. 

mib hip eapopum ]7}iun* 

yjipep hyjibe. 

;j heojia peopep pip. 

nembe paejion. 

pejicoba oUa* 

olliua olliuani^* 

paejipaept metob* 

paetjia Mpe- 

haele'8 hyje pdpe. 

h^tene paepioh* 

puna ndep» 

pem ^ cham* 

lape^S ]?jubba. 

pjiom ]?a^ jum-pincum< 

pole jelubon- 

T jepylleb peajiiS. 

eall j?ep mibban-jeapb. 

monna beajinum:' 



of this ye in the skies 

full oft 

a sensible token 

may behold^ 

when I my shower-bow 

display, 

that I with men this 

compact make, 

while the world standeth/ 
10 Then was the wise 

son of Lamech 

come from the vessel, 

after the flood, 

with his three sons, 

guardians of the heritage, 

and their four wives j 

these were called 

Percoba, Olla, 

OUiva, Ollivani 5 
^ the righteous lord, 

with the survivors from the waters. 

The chiefs renowned 

were called, 

Noah^s sons, 

Shem and Ham^ 

the third Japhet. 

From these patriarchs 

descended nations, 

and was filled 
30 all this mid-earth 

with the children of men. 



> See Dialogue between Saturn and Solomon^ in ' Analecta Anglo- Saxonica/ p. 97. 



94 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



XXIIII. 

Da nde onjan* 

nipan ffcejine. 

mib bleo-mapim* 

h£m fta'Selian* 

;j to eoji'San him. 

»tef tilian- 

pon "5 pophte. 

pin-jeajib pefcte. 

peop fs&ba j:ela. 

pohte jeojine- 

}?a bun plite beojihte* 

paejtmap bjiohte. 

jedji-tojihte ppe. 

jjiene polber 

•Sa f jeeobe. ^ 

f ye eabeja peji* 

on hif plcum peajifi- 

pine bjiuncen. 

ppa&f jymbel-pejuj- 

"5 bim pelpa pceap- 

peap op lice- 

ppa jejiypne ne pa&p- 

1»5 l^a lim.na<!ob. 

be lyfc onjeafc* 

f bun on bip mne. 

ppa eajime jelamp* 

}?a bim on bpe^pe* 

beapob-]7)ima- 

on 'pd&Y haljaii bope* 

beoptan clypfce- 

ppi^e on plaepe. 

pepa neappobe. 

^ be ne mibte* 

on jemynb-bpepen- 



[76] 



10 



20 



30 



XXIIII. 

Tben Noab began 
anew in concert 
witb his kindred^ 
to found a bome^ 
and on eartb for bimself 
to prepare food. 
He laboured and wrougbt^ 
a vineyard set, 
sowed many seeds, 
sougbt diligently, 
wben to bim, in beauty splendid, 
fruits should bring, 
bright yearly gifts, 
the verdant earth. 
Then it chanced 
that the blessed man, 
in bis dwelling, was 
with wine drunken, 
slept, with feasting weary, 
and himself cast 
the garment from his body, 
so as was not seemly. 
Then he lay naked of limb ; 
he little knew 
that to him, in his abode, 
it would fall out so ill, 
when, in his breast, 
a swimming of the bead, 
in the holy man's bouse, 
seized his heart ; 
strongly, in his sleep, 
his senses were narrowed. 
so that he might not, 
in his mind's swoon. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



95 



hine hanbum f el):* 
mib hjiaejle pjiyon* 
^ fceome J^eccan^ 
fpa jefceapu paejion. 
pejium ;j plj:um> 
piSiSan pulbjiep J^e^n- 
uppim paebeji 'j mebeji< 
pyjiene ppeojibe. 
on lapte beleac* 
lipep eiSeL 
"Sd com 86jiej*fc. 
cam mpiSian* 
eapojia ndep- 
J?a&ji hif alboji laej. 
jiejih^e fojiptolen. 
J?»ji he jzjieonblice* 
on hif djenum paebeji. 
ijie ne polbe- 
jepceapian. 
ne )?a peeonbe hujiu- 
hleo-mapim helan* 
&c he hhhenbe* 
bjio^jium paejbe. 
hu pe beojm hme. 
jiepte on jiecebe* 
hie J?a jia^e ptdpon. 
heojia anbphtan* 
mbepjiijenum- 
unbeji lo'Sum hpfcum- 
^ hie leopum men- 
je<5ce jepjiemebe** 
jdbe pa&jion bejen* 



himself^ with his hands, 

with his garment cover, 

and nakedness conceal, 

as the precepts were 

to men and woclien, 

since that the minister of glory 

to our father and mother, 

with fiery sword, 

behind them closed 
10 the land of life. 
Then came first 

Ham entering, 

Noah's son, 

where his parent lay 

of life deprived ; 

there he kindly 

on his own father, 

with reverence would not 

look, 
20 nor the shame at least 

from his kinsmen hide, 

but he, laughing, 

to his brothers said 

how the chief 
[ 77 ] was resting in his house. 

They then quickly stept, 

their faces 

wrapped 

carefully under their mantles, 
30 that they to the beloved man 

might afford succour. 

Good were both. 



» My version of line 27 requires that we should read 2ej:jiemebon in the plu- 
ral ; but repeated instances occur, in subsequent parts of the poem, of a verb 
with a singular termination joined to a plural nominative. The phrase 3e6ce 
^ejpjiemebe occurs also in BeoWulf, p. 16, 1. 4. 



96 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



fern 'J lajieiS. ['78] 

•Sa Of flsepe onbjiaejb. 

pmu Idmehej- . 

"3 )?a fdna onjeafc. 

f him cyne jdbum. 

chdm ne polbe* 

)?a him paef ajie J?eajij:. 

aemje cy^an- 

hylbo •] tjieopa. 

f J?am haljan paep • 

r^ji on m6be» 

onjan )?a hip pelpep beajin- 

pdjibum pyjijean. 

cpae'S he pepan pceolbe- 

hean unbeji heopnum* 

hleo-maja J?eop» 

cham on eojij^an* 

him )?a cpy*8e j-y^^an- 

;j hip pjiom-cynne. 

Fpecne pcdbon- 

J?a nyfcfcabe. 

h<5e piiSiSan* 

nub punum pinum* 

piban jiicep. 

"Speo hmib pmtpa* 

J?ippep lipep. 

ppeo men aepfceji pl<5be» 

3 pptij eac ]7a he popiS jepdfc 

p««an hip eapojian. 

eab bpyfctebon- 

beajina pcpynbon. 

him paep beojihfc pela« 

•Sa peap.'S lape'Se- 

jeojob apebeb. 

hyhchc heop.iS-pepob. 

heapob-maja* 



20 



30 



Shem and Japhet* 
Then from sleep awoke 

the son of Lamech^ 

and then straight perceived 

that to him, by nature good. 

Ham would not, 

when respect to him was needful, 

manifest any 

love and faith ; — 

that to the holy man was 

in mind painful : 

then he began his own child 

with words to curse, 

said he should be 

abject under heaven ; 

his brethren's servant 

Ham should be on earth. 

Him these words, in aftertimes, 

and his posterity, 

overwhelmed with woe. 
Then enjoyed 

Noah afterwards, 

with his sons, 

the ample realm, 

three hundred winters 

of this life, 

free men after the flood, 

and fifty eke, when he went hence. 

His sons afterwards 

enjoyed prosperity, 

begat children : ' 

to them was shining wealth. 
Then to Japhet was 

a youthful offspring born, 

a joyous family 

of princes. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



97 



pina "5 bohtpa- 
he paef j-elya til. 
heolb A jiice. 
e'Sel-bjieamaf. 
blaeb mib beajinum* 
o^ f bjieoffca hopb. 
jaffc elloji ptij'- 
jaujan fceolbe- 
td jobef bdme* 
jeomoji p'8'San. 
ysdbeji pletfc-jejtealb 
fjieonbum bs^lbe- 
fpaepim ] jepbbum. 
jninu lape'Sef . 
J?aef teamej' paep • 
tubboji jepylleb- 
tinlytel bsSL 
eojiiSan jepceajita* 
jjilce chamef j'uno- 
cenbe pujibon- 
eapojian on e'Sle- 
J?a ylbej-fcan. 
chtip •] ch&ni' 
h&cene ps&jion- 
jnil jzjieolice peojih. 
pjium-beajin ch^ep- 
chtip pa&p aB'Selum- 
heapob-plpa. 
pilna bjiytta* 
T pojiulb-bujefia- 
bpo'Spum pinum- 
bod- jepcpeona • 
paebep on Wpte- 
piS^an pop'S-jepfc* 
chdm op lice* 



8onB and daughters. ^ 

He was himself good^ 

ever possessed dominion, 

domestic pleasures, 
[ 79 ] prosperity with his children, 

till that the treasure of his breast, 

Ms spirit, elsewhere quickly 

must depart, 

to the doom of God. 
10 Gomer afterwards 

his father's dwelling-place 

dealed to his friends 

dear, and his relations, 

Japhet's son. 

From this family* was 

posterity replenished, 

no small part 

of earth's creatures. 

In like manner of Hara^ sons 
20 were bom, 

children in the land, 

the eldest 

Cush and Canaan 

were called, 

of soul most liberal. 

Ham's firstborn. 

Cush of men was 

chief ruler, 

dispenser of desires 
30 and worldly goods 

to his brothers, 

of household treasures, 

after his father, 

when that departed hence 

Ham from the body. 



H 



A Literally this team. 



98 



G^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



]?a him cpealm jepceob* 
f e majo-jisefpa* 
ma&jSe finjie- 
b<5maf faejbe. 
cS ^ hif bojojia paef • 
jilm atijinen- 
]?a fe jiinc a^eap* 
eoji'S-ciinbe eab. 
j'ohte cSeji lip. 
pebejme bjiefBep.'- 
pjium-beajin fiSSan* 
eafojia cMfCf • 
JTipe-ffcdle peolb- 
pib-ma&jie peji. 
fpa uf jepjufcu pecjeaiS 
^ he mon-cynnep. 
ma&pfce haepbe- 
on }7am ms^I-basonif 
mae^en "5 ptjienjo- 
pe paep babylonep- 
bjiejo jiicep pjiuma* 
8&pepfc s&'Selmja* 
e'Sel-'Sjiym onhdp. 
jiymbe ^ jw^jibe. 
peojib pa&p )?a jieta* 
eop.'S-buenbum • 
dn jemsene:- 

XXV. 

Splice op cdmep. 
cneojuppe p<5c. 
peji-maejSa pela. 
op ]?am plb pole* 
cneo-jiim micel. 



10 



20 



30 



When him [Gush] death overwhelm- 

The kmdred chief [Canaan] [ed; 

to his tribe 

pronounced judgements^ 

till that of his days was 

the number run out ; 

then the prince resigned 

earthly happmess, 

sought another life. 

Of his father's brother 

the firstborn^ then^ 

the son of Cush, 

held the hereditary seat^ 

a man far-famed, 

as the Scriptures tell us ; 

so that, of all mankind^ he 

had most, 

in those days^ 

power and strength. 

He of Babylon was 

lord, the empire's founder : 

first of princes, he 

his country's majesty exalted, 

increased and reared. 

27ie language was as yet, 

of dwellers upon earth, 

one universal. 

XXV. 

Thus &om Ham's 

family arose 

many tribes of men^ 

from whom a wide*spread people^ 

a great progeny, 



^ That is, of Canaan. The person meant, though not named, is Nimrod the son 
of Cush, Yfho succeeded his paternal uncle Canaan. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



99 



cenneb psejion* 
J?a peap-iS peme. 
funa 3 bohtjia- 
on populb-jiice. 
pojin apebeb. 
pjieojia beajina* 
aeji "Son pdjiiS-cujie. 
pinfcpum paeUpepte. 
pepobep albop- 
on J?aBpe maejSe^ 
paepon men tile* 
)?apa &n paep • 
€bep h£ten» 
eapopa femep- 
op J^am eople p<5c« 
tinplm J^eoba* 
|7a nu ae'Selmjap- 
ealle eop'S-buenb. 
ebpei hattfS* 
jepiton him }?a eaptan- 
a&hta la&ban* 
peoh T peopme. 
pole psep dnmob* 
p<5pe pmcap- 
pohfcon ptimpe lanb* 
0*8 f hie becomon- 
copiSpum miclum* 
pole pepenbe. 
I^aep hie pa&pfchce- 
a&^elmja beapn* 
eapb jenamon- 
jepefcfcon J?a pennap- 
plbne *] pibne. 
leoba p«ppan. 
leopum mannmn heopa* 
jefip-bajum. 

H 2 



were born. 
Then to Shem was 

of sons and daughters^ 

in the world's kingdom^ 

brought forth a number 

of noble children, 

ere that preferred 

to winters his death-bed 

the people's elder. 
10 In that tribe 

the men were good ; 

of these one was 

Eber called, 

the son of Shem ; 

from that earl sprang 

nations unnumbered^ 

which people now, 
[ 80 ] all dwellers upon earth, 

call Hebrews. [east, 

ao ITiese then departed' from the 

leading their possessions, 

cattle and stores : 

the folk was unanimotis, 

renowned men ; 

they sought a land more spacious, 

till that they came, 

in great multitudes, 

the travelling people, 

to where they firmly 
30 (the children of men) 

a habitation took. 

Then they occupied Shinar, 

spacious and wide, 

the people's chieftains, 

with their beloved men, 

in days of yore. 



100 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



jjiene ponjaf • 
j:»jjie polban* 
him poji'Speajibe. 
on "SsBjie bs^-fcibe. 
buju^e paejion- 
pilna jehpilcef . 
peaxenbe ppeb. 
•Sa J^aeji mon ma&nij* 
be hip maej-pine. 
ae'Selinj £nmob- 
o'Sejine baeb- 
J?aep hie hun to msep.'Se 
8&JI peo menjeo epfc. 
^eonb polban beajin* 
topajian pceolbe- 
leoba ma&ySe. 
on lanb-pocne. 
bujih jepophfce- 
3 fco beacne fcopp. 
tip apa§pbe« 
CO pobop-fcunjlum. 
)?aep ]fe hie jepohton- 
pennepa pelb. 
ppa J?a pojie-meahcije- 
polcep paeppan. 
J?a ylbepfcan- 
opfc "J jelome. 
h'Spum jepimebon- 
Mpum pohcon- 
pepap CO peopce. 
"5 Co ppohcpcipe* 
g9 f poji plence. 
'J poji ponhyjbum- 
cy^Sbon cjiaepC heopa. 
ceapcpe pophcon. 
3 Co heopnuro fip« 



10 



20 



30 



2Vie green plains 

of fair earth 

forward to them^ 

at that time^ 

were in produce ; 

of every thing to be desired 

was an increasing plenty. 

Then there many a one 
of his kinsman 
{each man with one accord 
another) prayed, . 
that they, in glory to themselves, 
(ere the multitude again 
among the sons of earth 
should journey, 
the tribes of nations, 
in search of land,) 
might found a city, 
and, for a sign, a tower 
up might rear 
to the stars of heaven ; 
after that they had sought 
the plains of Shinar. 

Thus the prepotent 
chieftains of the folk, 
the eldest, 
oft and frequently 
lived in pleasures, 
sought by guiles 
men to that work, 
and to crime, 
till that for arrogance, 
and for madness, 
they their craft manifested ; 
a city wrought, 
and up to heaven 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



101 



hla&bpas jis^jihon* 
j-fepenjum ffcepfcon. 
ftaenneue peall- 
opeji monna jemet* 
ma&ji'Sa jeojme- 
hasle'S mib honba* 
)>a com hah; job* 
pejia cneojuffa- 
peojic fceapijan. 
beojina bujih-j:»jl:en« 
T f beacen fomeb. 
)?e fco jiobepum tip- 
jis^jian onpinnon- 
abamej: eafojian* 
T J?aef (injirebef • 
rfci«.i:eiih« cyninj. 
fteojie jejzjiemebe. 
)?a h6 jie'Be mdb. 
peojibe jef efcfce • 
eojiiS-buenbum. 
6njelice. 

f hie J?aejie fpaece- 
fpeb ne ahton* 
}?a hie jemitton* 
mihtum j'pebje* 
teoche aec copjie. 
^etalum myclum* 
peopcef pifan. 
ne J?»p pep-m»s8a. 
asm; pipfce- 
hpsefc o«ep cp««. 
ne meahte hie jepup'San 
peall )l:a&nenne- 
tip yojiS timbpan- 
ac hie eapmlice-v 
heapum tohldbon* 



ladders reared^ 
vigorously raised 
the stony rampart, 
above men's standard, 
for glory eager^ 
the people with their hands. 
Then came the holy God, 
of the progeny of men 
the work to view, 
10 Mff. chieftains' urban fastness, 
and that beacon also, 
which, upward to the skies, 
to rear began 
the sons of Adam : 
and for this ill design 
the King stem of mind 
framed a punishment, 
when, wroth of mood, he 
made the tongues 
20 of earth's inhabitants 
unlike; 

that of that speech they 
no benefit might have. 

When they met, 
in might abounding, 
the leaders at the tower, 
in numbers great, 
the work's directors ; 
there, of the tribes of men, not 
30 any knew 

what other said ; 
[81] nor might they agree 
the stony rampart ■ 
upward to construct ; 
but they miserably 
in bodies separated. 



102 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRAIS£. 



hleoiSjium jebaslbe* 

paBf d'Sejie. 

sejhpilc popbeu. 

msej-bujih ^embe* 

p'S'San metob tobjiaeb* 

J^uph hif mihta fpeb* 

moima fpjiaece* [ ^^ ] 

tofdjian }?a« 

on feopeji pejaf • 

ae'Selm^a beajin* lo 

finjeJ?eobe- 

on lanb-focne- 

him on lafte bu* 

jti'Shc ftin-tojiji- 

;j feo ffceape bujih* 

j'amob fampopht. 

on fennaji yt6b* 

peox }?a unbqi polcnum- 

;j pyu'Sabe. 

ma&j-bujij f6mef • ao 

aS f mon ap6c« 

on J?»pe cneopiffe. 

cyne-beajina plm* 

}?ancol-mob pep. 

f^eapum hybij. 

pupbon ]7am seiSdm^e* 

eajiopan acenbe* 

in babilone' 

beapn ajiebeb* 

jipeohcu tu. 30 

;j J?a }:pum-:;^apan. 

hasle'S nije p6|:e. 

hdtene pa&pon* 

abpaham 3 ddpon* 

}?am eopluin pa&f • 

):pea enjia bdm* 



in sounds divided : 

to other was 

become each 

tribe a stranger^ 

after the Lord had scattered 

through dint of his might 

the speech of men. 

Then departed 
on four ways 
the sons of men, 
dispersed^ 
in search of land : 
behind them^ both 
the rugged tower of stone^ 
and the steep burgh^ 
alike half-wrought^ 
on Shinar stood. 

Then under heaven waxed 
and flourished 
the race of Shem^ 
until that one reused up 
in that family 

a number of princely children, 
a man of grateful mind, 
in manners heedful. 

To that man 
was offspring bom 
in Babylon, 
children brought forth, 
two comely ones ; 
and those patriarchs, 
renowned chiefs, 
were called 
Abram and Haran. 
Was to those earls 
both, the Lord of angels 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



103 



jijieonb* •] alboji* 

"Sa peapiS ddjione* 

eajzojia febeb. 

leoplic on lipe* 

'Sam pa&f lo&h noma- 

iSa majo^jmicaf • 

met^obe jef mijon. 

abpaham ;] loth* 

unjiojicu'Slice. 

J7>a Imn jzjiom ylbjium- 

ae'Selu pa&jion* 

on pojiulb-pice» 

poji'Son hie pibe nu- 

buje'Sum b^ma'S. 

bjuhfca beajmum :• 

pa J?aef mrelep p»f . 

meapc ajonjen- 

f hun abjiaham* 

ibepe bpohfce. 

pip to hdme- 

J?a&ji he pic ahte- 

psBjep ^ FjieoUc- 

peo pa&nme paep* 

pappa hdten* 

)?8ep J?e up pecjea'S bee- 

hie }?a pmtpa pela- 

populb bpyttebon. 

jinc SBtpomne. 

pbbe heolbon. 

jedpa menjeo* 

no hpae'Spe ppe^Se peap*8 

abpahame )^a ;yt* 

f him yppe-peapb. 

plite-beophc ibep* 



10 



[83] 



ao 



30 



friend and patron. 

Then was to Haran 
a son bom^ 
lovely in life, 
whose name was Lot. 
These kinsmen 
worshipped the Lord, 
Abram and Lot, 
undissemblingly, 
as to them, from their elders, 
their natures were, 
in the world's kingdom ; 
therefore they widely now 
by their virtues judge 
the children of nations. 

Then of the time was 
the limit passed, 
that for him Abram 
should bring a female, 
a wife to his home, 
to where he had a dwelling, 
fair and goodly. 
The damsel was 
called Sarah, 
from what books tell us. 
They then many winters 
enjoyed the world, 
their wealth together 
held in peace, 
many years ; 
yet was it not given 
to Abram as vet, 
that him heirs 
the woman bright in beauty 



» MS. and Junius pjieob, the scribe having evidently neglected to write the 
line Over the o (o), equivalent to on. 



104 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



on populb bjiohte* 
jtijijia abjiahame. 
funa *3 bohqia* 
jepfit him J?a mib cnofle 
ofeji calbea pole* 
pepan mib peojime- 
psebeji abjiahamep* 
pnocoji mib jej'ibbum* 
pecean polbe- 
cananea lanb- 
hme cneop-maejap. 
merobe jec6jiene« 
mib-piSebon. 
op 'pBRjie e'Sel-fcJTip- 
abpaham ^ loth • 
him J?a cyne jdbe- 
on cappan* 
K'Sehnjabeajm* 
eapb jenamon* 
pepap mib plpum- 
on J?am picum hip- 
psebep abpahdmep* 
peoph jepealbe. 
paeppaept ha&le* 
pmtpa haepbe* 
tpa hunb fceonfcij- 
jeteleb pime- 
;j pipe eac- 
)?a he pop's jepdc- 
imppepum ppdb. 
mecobpceapt pedn* 
•Sa pe haija pppaec 
heopon-picep peapb. 
to abpahame- 
€ce bpihten. 
jepit }7u nti pepan- 



into the world should bring, 

Sarah to Abram^ 

sons and daughters. 

Departed then with his family, 

over the Chaldsean nation 

to journey with his stock, 

the father of Abram ; 

the sagacious with his kinsfolk 

would seek 
10 Canaan's land. 

Him his relatives, 

by the Lord chosen^ 

accompanied 

from that country, 

Abram and Lot* 
2%€ good by nature then for them 

in Harran, 

the children of men, 

took an abode, 
20 the husbands with their wives. 

In these dwellings 

Abram's father 

his life resigned ; 

the righteous chief 

had winters 

two hundred, 

in number told, 

and five also, 

when he departed, 
30 stricken in years, 

tp see the Godhead. 
Then spake the holy 

Guardian of heaven's kingdom 

to Abram^ 

the Lord eternal : — 

* Depart thou now Journeying, . 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



105 



^ J?ine ffijie Mban* 
ceapaf to cnople- 
cajipam oppj:* 
fadbeji cSel-ffcdl. 
jaji fpa ic )?e hdce- 
monna leofOft* 
"5 J?u minum pel. 
Mjium hyjie- 
T J?aet lanb jefec- 
)?e ic J?e a&ljjiene. 
fpan pille. 
bjidbe folban* 
fu jebletpab fcealC' 
on munbbyjibe. 
minjie bp^ao' 
jif "Se aenij- 
eoji'S-buenbjia- 
mib yein jjieteiS. 
ic hine pejiySo on. 
mine pette. 
;j m<5b-hefce- 
lonjrumne ni«. 
hjje pelle. 
pilna paeptme. 
J?am J?e puji^iaiS- 
}7ujih J?e eoji'S-buenbe- 
ealle onpdiS* 
polc-beajin pjieo'So* 
^ pjieonbpcipe. 
blijye minjie. 
3 bletpunje. 
on pojiulb-pice. 
pjuiSenbe pceal- . 
maeySe )?inpe. 
mon-plm pepan. 
ppi'Se unbep ppejle* 



10 



20 



[8*] 



30 



and leading thy family, 

thy cattle for progeny ; 

Harran renounce, 

thy father's country ; 

go as I command thee, 

most beloved of men, 

and do thou well my 

precepts obey, 

and seek the land 

all green which I to thee 

will show, 

a wide country : 

thou blessed shalt, 

in my protection 

live: 

if thee any 

of earth's inhabitants 

with evil greet, 

I my curse on him 

will set, 

and my hatred, 

lengthened enmity ; 

comforts will /give, 

fruit to their desires, 

to those who honour thee. 

Through thee the dwellers upon 

shall all receive [earth 

{the children of the nations) peace 

and friendship, 

my bliss 

and blessing, 

in the world's kingdom : 

increasing shall 

of thy tribe 

the number be, 

abundantly under heaven. 



106 



CiBDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



funum ^ bohlqium* 
o^S f pjiomcyme* 
folbe peop'SeS. 
)?eob-lonb moiu;* 
J?ine ^efylleb- 
him }7a abjiabam jepii 
s&hte Is^ban* 
Of eppta* 
e'Sel-meapce. 
pim-cy]iEum y5b. 
jolbe ^ peolpjie. 
jji'Sfeojim ^ jer^iij* 
]7>a him p^ojia pea^ib* 
palbenb upfeji- 
]?uph hif pdjib abedb- 
ceapap pjiom cajipan* 
pohton canan^* 
lonb 3 leob-jeajib- 
}?a com leop jobe* 
on J?a eiSel-tujip. 
ibepa Mban* 
ppa&pe jebebban. 
•3 hip puhfcpian. 
pip on pillan* 
pmtjia haepbe. 
pip "5 bunb peopontij. 
•Sa he pdjian pceolbe. 
oajipan opjipan* 
•3 cneop-majap. 
him l^a pejian jepdc. 
paebep aehmhtijep. 
lape jemynbij. 
lanb pceapian. 
jeonb ]7a polc-pceajie 
be pjiean haepe* 
abpaham pibe* 



[65] 



10 



70 



30 



with sons and daughters^ 
till that with thy o£&pring 
the earth shall be 
(many a nation) 
fiUed/ 

Abram then departed, 
leading his wealth 
from the Egyptians' 
country limit, 
'{in wealth abundant, 
gold and silver, 
bold and fortunate,) 
as him the Lord of triumphs, 
our Ruler, 

through his word commanded, 
{his goods from Harran.) 
They sought the Canasmites' 
land and territory. 

Then came the friend of Gk>d 
into that country, 
leading the women, 
the dear sharer of his bed, 
and his brother's son's 
wife wijQingly. 
Winters he had 
five and seventy, 
when he must travel, 
Harran forsake, 
and his kinsmen. 
Then he went journeying, 
of the almighty Father's 
precepts mindful, 
the land to view, 
among the nation-hordes 
at the Lord's behest, 
(Abram widely) 



CMDmON'S TARAPHRABE, 



107 



0*8 f ellen-jidp. 

CO pem l^om- 

jt&e Tpebi;^' 

cynne canan«j*« 

fra bine cynin; enj^a* 

abjiabame* 

lepbe felpa- 

bdmfssyt pejieba. 

;j bpihtencpw'S. 

yif If yeo eoji*8e. 

,pe ic aeljjiene. 

tubpe }7inum* 

Cojihte pille. 

p»rtmumjepl6«. 

on jepealb b<5u« 

]itime jiice. 

J?a pe junc jobe. 

pi-beb pojihfce- 

;j J?a palbenbe. 

lipep leoht-pjiuman- 

Mc onpaejbe* 

japta helme* 

him'J^a 5yfc jepdc- 

abpaham eaptan* 

eajum phfcan* 

on lanbe cypc. 

lippe jemimbe- 

heopon-peajibep jehdfc. 

]?a him ]7ujih halij p(5jib< 

pjojia pelp cymnj. 

pd'S jecy^be^ 

ofi ^ bpihfc-pejiap' 

bujuj^um jepdjian- 

J?8Bji ip bod pela^- 



till that the chief renowned 
to Sichem came, 
in his journey -prosperouB, 
to the kin of Cana»n. 

Then the King of angels 
to Abram 
himself revealed, 
(firm Judge- of natioiis) ; 
and the Lord said : — 

to ^ This is the earth 
all-greeu which I 
to thy progeny 
will (brightly 
with fruits adorned) 
in power make, 
a spacious realm/ 

Then the chief to God 
an altar wrought, 
and to the Powerful then, 

20 the Author of life's light, 
an offeriiig sacrificed, 
[ 86 ] to the Protector of spirits. 
Then again departed 
Abram from the east, 
with his eyes to look . 
on the land's excellence. 
He the love remembered, 
the promise of heaven's Guardian, 
which to him, thro' his holy word, 

30 himself the King of triumphs 
had in sooth declared : 
till that the fellow-men 
prosperously journeyed 
to where is a rich dwelling 



* I have given Lye's interpretation of jeplo, which seems justified by the 
context. The word is of singular form^ and seems not to occur elsewhere. 

* For the substantive pela, perhaps wc should read j?elix, rich, wealthy, &c. 



108 



€iEDMON*S PARAPHRASE* 



bethlem h&ten* 
beojin bh'Se-mdb- 
T hif bpo'Soji pinu* 
j:oji*8 ofeji p<5jian« 
folc-mepo lanb* 
eajt^an mib sehtum* 
^jx&yte meu* 
peallrfteapan hleo'Su* 
3 him 'pa, pic cupon*. 
)?»ji him phte-beo]ihte< 
ponjap 3e}?uhton:* 



10 



Beth-el called. 
77ie chief blithe of mood 
and his brother's son 
journeyed forth over 
populous lands^ [sions, 

from the east with their posses- 
pious men^ 

over wall-steep mountains^ 
and chose them there a home^ 
where to them with beauty bright 
the fields appeared. 



XXVI. 

TCbpaham }7a« 
ofiepe ji'Se. 
pi beb poph&e* 
he J?8Bji pdjibum job. 
tojihtum cijbe* 
tibep onpaejbe. 
hip lip-pjiean. 
him J?8&p* ledn ajeap- 
nallep hneaphce- 
]?ujih hif hanb metenb 
on J?am jleb-pfcybe- 
jum cyptum td. 
•Saep jiaep-bopa. 
J^pajepifi^an. 
plcum punobe. 
'J pdna bpeac- 
beopn mib bpybe- 
0*8 f bpoh-}7pea- 
cananeapeapfi. 
cynne jefcenje- 
hunjep pe heajiba- 
h^m pittenbum. 



XXVI. 

Abram then 

a second time 

an altar wrought : 

he there God with words 

fervent called^ 

an offering dedicated 

to his life's Lord. 

He there gave him a gift, 
20 not sparingly^ 

through his hand meting it 

on the ember-place^ 

the man in wealth abounding. 
There the bold leader 

a while after 

lived in those dwellings, 

and his desires enjoyed, 

the chieftaiil with his bride, 

until that dire calamity 
30 was to the Canaanites' 

kin grievous 3 

the hard hunger, 

to the home- sitting 



* For >3ej I suspect we should read ^rji. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



lOd 



pael-jjiim pejium- 

him J?a pif-hybij. 

abpahani ^epdt* 

on ejypfce. 

bjuhtne jecdpen. 

bpohfcaiS pecan* • 

pleah paeppaepfc pe^n- 

paep f pifce fco jtjianj. 

abpaham maiSelobe* 

jepeah ejypfca. 

hojin-pele hpifce- 

^ hea-byjiij. 

beophte blican* 

onjan J?a hip bpyb ppea- 

plp-hybij pep. 

p6pbum Mpan* 

piSiSan ejypte. 

eajum moton. 

on )7inne plite plican* 

plance monije. 

J^onne a&'Sebnja* 

eojilap pena'S. 

mae; a&lp-pcieno* 

f J?u min pe« 

beophb jebebba- 

J?e pile beopna pim- 

him jed^an* 

ic me on-ajen^ m»j> 

f me ppa'Sjia pum. 

paepnep ecje- 

pop pjieonb-mynbe*^. 



10 



90 



[89] 



30 



men fatally stern. 

Then the wise-heedy 
Abram departed^ 
in Egypt, 

the chosen of the hord, 
to seek a sojourn : 
the righteous fled from calamity^ 
the infliction was too strong. 

Abram spake— ' 
he saw the Egyptians' 
white turreted habitations 
and metropolis 
brightly glitter. 

Began then his bride the chiefs 
the wisely cautious man, 
by words to teach :— 
* Since the Egyptians, 
with their eyes, may 
on thy beauty gaze, 
many proud ones ; 
when of men 
the earls ween, 
woman of elfin beauty ! 
that thou art my 
bright consort, 
thee will some chieftain 
for himself possess : 
I for myself may fear 
that me some enemy, 
with weapon's edge, 
through hostile mind. 



^ This phrase occurs also in the poem of the Phoenix : y hi jreoji ]'onan. in 
J>aj beatJ-bene. bjiohtatJ johton. Exeter MS. fol. 61 6. 

^ For on-ajen I suspect we should read on-ejan. 

^ I have translated as if j:eonb-mynbe had stood in the text, which seems to 
be the true reading, though the other may perhaps be justified, and rendered,' 
through amorous mind. 



no 



CJSDAfON'Si PARAPHRASE. 



feope beneofce. 

f a;a pn fappa* 

f J?u pe fpeoftoji mint 

licef maeje. 

|?onne ^e leob-pejiaf • 

pjiembe jrpicjen- 

hpa^ pe jrjieonb-IuFa- 

elliSeob^pa* 

tinceji tpeja* 

peopjien cum^ijia* 

)7U him paefte hiSL 

r<5«an rpjiaSce. 

fpa )7u mlnum fcealt* 

jreojie ^ebeopjan* 

jij: me jijieo'So bpihten< 

on pojiulb-jiice* 

palbenb ujyeji. 

&a a&lmihti;* 

rpa he fi&ji bybe. 

lenjjian lipep. 

pe up J?ap labe pcedp. 

f pe on ejiptum^ 

£jie pceolbe* 

ppemena pjiiclan* 

^ up ppemu pecan- 

pSL com eUen-ji6p« 

eojJ piSian* 

abpaham mib »htnim* 

on ejypfce- 

]>aep hun polc-pejiap. 

ppembe psepon* 

pme tincuiSe- 

pdpbmn ppjiaecon- 

ymb J?»p pipep phce. 

plonce momje. 



.of life deprive. 

Say thoU) Sarah^ 

that thou art my ^ister^ 

my body^s kin : 

when thee the men of the country^ 

the strangers, ask, 

what may be the friendly love* 

of the foreigners^ 

of us two 
10 come from afar ; 

do thou from them strictly hide 

true speech, 

so thou shalt my 

life secure, 

if the kind Lord to me, 

in the world's kingdom, 

our Ruler, 

the Almighty, grant, 

as he erst did, 
90 longer life, 

who hath shaped this way for us, 

that, among the Egyptians, we 

might, with honour, 

desire benefits, 

and to us seek advantages/ 
Then came the bold 

earl journeying, 

Abram with his stores> 

into £gypt, 
30 where to him the people 

were strangers, 

unknown men. 

Spjake with words, 

about the woman's beauty, 

many proud ones, 



^ That is, «/ what fwture the connexion may be. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE* 



III 



buje'Sum bealle* 
him bjuhtlicu 111163 • 
onpliCe* mobpim* 
maenejum "Suhte* 
cyninjef ]>ejnum« 
hie f cuiS bybon- 
heopa folc-fjiean* 
^ paejejipo lyt^- 
jioji aebehnje. 
ibefe pinnon* 
&c hie fajijiati* 
fpi'Sop micle* 
pynpinme plite. 
pdjibum hejiebon* 
oiS f he Mban heht* 
leojdic pif Co. 
hip feljzef fele. 
fincef bjiycfca. 
seiSehnja hehn* 
heht abjiahame* 
buju'Sum ptepan* 
hpae'Sejie bjuhten peaji'S 
ppea pajiaone* 
pah 3 ypjie- 
poji pip-myne. 
J?»p pjiaiSe onjealb* 
heajibe nub hipum* 
h»5ptealbjia pyn. 
onja&fc hp«'8epe. 
gumena albop- 



of virtues void : 
* to them a noble damsel, 

in inien to the proud 

many she seemed, 

to the king's thanes : 

they that made known 

to their nation's lord, 

and yet fairer 

before the prince 
10 the woman represented ; 

for they Sarah's 

much more 

winsome beauty 

praised with their words, 

until that he bade lead 

the lovely woman to 

his own palace : 

the dispenser of treasure, 

protector of men, 
20 bade them Abram 

exalt with honours* 

Yet the Lord was, 

the Supreme, towards Pharaoh 

hostile and angry, 

for woman-love 

he therefore dearly paid, 

hardly, with his household, 

his unlicensed joy^« 

Yet understood 
30 the chief of men 



> MS. and Junius, on phte. 

*> The word IJt signifies, according to Lye, vulhts : he thus renders the pas- 
sage, -j jTsexep jio ly c ibef e funnon, pukhriorem vultvm fcemtue wfe. But I have 
no doubt that for lyt we ought to read jyt, and that jnnnon is the pret. pi. 
of some verb unrecorded in A. S., probably cognate with tlie Islandic sanna, 
eomprobare, demonstrare, verum pradicare (aliquid}, tiot^fmare, 

^ Literally, his joy of bachelors. 



112 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



bp8et«liim palbenb pjisec- 

pifce-ppinpim- 

beht him abjiaham t6. 

ejepum je'Speabne- 

bjiejo ejipfco. 

^ bip bpyb ajeap- 

pip to jepealbe. 

beht him pme ceopan* 

ellop aeiSehnjap. 

oiSjie bu;e*Se. 

abedb J?a J^eob-^f^iunj. 

Jiexnum pinum. 

ombihfc'pcealcum • 

f hie hme dphce. 

eallep onpunbne. 

epfc jebjiobfcen. 

op J?aepe polc-pceape. 

f he on pju'Se p8§pe. 

'Sa abpaham* 

aehte laebbe- 

op ejypta. 

eiSel-meajice* 

hie ellen-p6pe. 

ibepe pepebon- ^ 

bpyb :j bejap- 

^ hie fc6 bethlem- 

on cu^e pic- 

ceapap laebbon- 

eabje eopiS-pelan. 

oiSpe piiSe. 

pip ^ pillan**. 

^ heojia populb-jeptjiedn 

onjunnon him )?a bythan 



[90] 



10 



20 



30 



what the Lord avenged on him^ 

with whips of punishment, 

commanded to him Abram% 

with fears tormented, 

the lord of Egypt, 

and gave his bride, 

his wife, into his power : 

bade him choose him /or friends 

men elsewhere, 

other allies. 

Bade then the great king 

his thanes, 

his official servants, 

that they him honourably, 

quite uninjured, 

again should bring 

from that tribe of people, 

that he might be in peace. 

Then Abram 
his possessions led 
from the Egyptians' 
land-frontier ; 
they renowned me7t 
conveyed the woman, 
the bride and her bracelets, 
till that they to Beth-el, 
into their known habitation, 
led their stores, 
rich in worldly wealth, 
a second time, 
their women gladly, 
and their worldly treasure. 

Began them then to build 



» That is, Abram was with fears tormented. 

^ For -j piUan we ought probably to read on piUan, wiUingly, gladly; unless 
piUan be synonymous with, or an error for, j^ylna, handmaidens, bondwomen. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



113 



3 heo]ia buph jis§jian* 

^ j-ele j-ecfcan. 

falo nipian- 

pejiaf on ponje. 

pi-beb pefcfcon. 

neah J^am }7e abjiaham- ^ 

86poji-ji8&jibe* 

hip palbenbe- 

J?a pepfcan com- 

]>aeji pe eabja ept. 

ecan bpihtnep. 

nipan ptepne- 

noman peop'Sabe* 

fcil-mdbij eojil* 

fcibeji onpaejbe. 

J^eobne enjla- 

)?ancobe ppi«e. 

lipep leoht-pjiuman. 

lipj-e *] djia:» 

XXVII. 

Punebon on ]^am plcum. 
haepbon pilna jeniht. 
abpaham ^ loth* 
eab bpyfctebon. 
o^ f hie on ]?am lanbe- 
ne meahton len; pomeb 
bkebep bjiucan* 
T heojia bejpa faep* 
aehte habban* 
dc pceolbon ijipeepfce. 
J^a juncap }?y. 
{itimop p6can« 
elloji eiSel-pelb. 
ojt pa&jion teonan* 
pa&ppa&ptjia pejia- 

I 



and rear their town, 
and habitation settle, 
their halls renew. 

The men in the plain 
an altar placed, 
near that which Abram 
had earlier reared 
to his Lord, 

when from the west he came. 
10 There the blessed man again 
the Lord eternal's, 
anew with voice, 
name praiaed ; 
the virtuous-minded man 
an offering sacrificed 
to the Lord of angels, 
fervently thanked 
the bright Source of life 
for his comforts and riches. 

XXVII. 

20 Dwelt in those habitations, 
had fulfilment of their wishes, 
Abram and Lot, 
enjoyed happiness, 
till that they in the land 
might not together longer 
prosperity enjoy, 
and there both their 
possessions have ; 
but must the upright, 

30' the chieftains, therefore, 
more distant seek 
a settlement elsewhere. 
Oft were injuries, 
of those righteous men 



114 



Ci£DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



pepebum jemsmie* 

heajibum* heapm-pl^a* 

]7a fe hal^a onjan* 

ijia jemynbij. 

abjiabam fpjiecan* 

pa&jjie CO lothe- 

ic eom pa&bejia ]7in* 

Jib- jebyjibum . [91] 

'pvL mln fuhtejija* 

n6 fceolon iinc betpeonan* lo 

teonan peaxan* 

ppoht pjuiSian- 

ne f piUe job. 

&c pit rynt jemajaf. 

unc jemaene ne fceal* 

ellef apiht' 

nym)7e eall tela* 

lufu lanjpimu* 

nu ]f\x lofch jej^enc' 

f unc mdbije. ao 

ymb meapce fifcfcaS- 

J^eoba J?jiymjaBfte- 

l^ejnum ^ jep'S'Siun. 

pole cananea* 

;j pepefcia. 

jidpun. juncum* 

ne pillaiS jitunop unc* 

lanb juht heojia* 

pojiiSon pit Mban pculon* 

fceon pifc^ op ^lyye ptope* ao 

;j unc ptaiSol-panjap* 



common to the bands^ 
to the herdsmen strife. 

Then began the holy man, 
of his possessions mindful^ 
Abram to speak 
fairly to Lot :— 
* I am thy father's brother^ 
by kindred birth^ 
thou my brother's son ; 
between us two shall not 
injury wax, 
strife prosper, 
nor will that God permit, 
for we are kinsmen ; 
to us shall not be common 
aught else, 
save all good, 
lasting love. 

Now thou, Lot, bethink thee, 
that bold ones 
dwell round our limit, 
famous nations, 
with vassals and allies, 
the folk of Canaan, 
and the Perizzites^, 
renowned warriors : 
they will not further grant us 
their land-right; 
therefore must we lead fort hy 
from this place withdraw, 
and for us fixed lands 



^ I have rendered heajibuxn by herdsmen, as it appears to be the same as 
hyp bum : " And there was a strife betv^een the herdsmen of Abraham's cattle 
and the herdsmen of Lot's cattle." Gen. xiii. f. 

^ " And the Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelled then in the land." Gen. xiii. 7. 

^ pit; seems to be here used redundantly. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



115 



jiumop j-ecan. 
ic pa6b fppece. 
beajrn ajipnef • 
bejjia uncep. 
fd'Sne fecje. 
ic J?e yelfey b6m» 
life leofa- 
leojina J?e feolpa* 
T ;e)7anc-meta- 
J^Ine rndbei* 
on hpilce healpe* 
pu piUe hpyjift bdn. 
cyjijian mib ceape* 
nu ic J?e cyjt: abe^b* 
hun^JTa loth -^epAt* 
lanb fceapijan. 
be lojibane* 
jjiene eoji'Saa- 
peo p«p p»fcpum peaht< 
3 paepcmum ]?eaht:* 
lajo-ptjieamum leoht* 
a jelic 5obep. 
neojixna panje- 
on* f nejijenb job. 
pop pepa pynnum- 
pylme jepealbe* 
poboman ^ jomoppan* 
ppeapfcan lije. 
him J?a eapb jeceap. 
] e'Sel-pefcl. 
punu aponep* 
on poboma byjuj. 



10 



20 



3(y 



more widely seek. 

I counsel speak^ 

child of Haran ! 

for both of us, 

true counsel say : 

I its decision to thee 

leave, my friend ; 

inform thyself, 

and deliberate 

in thy mind, 

on which side 

thou wilt depart, 

turn with thy cattle i 

howl have offered theef^ choice.' 

Lot then departed, 
the land to view 
by Jordan, 
the green earth,- 

which was with waters moistened, 
and with fruits decked, 
washed with liquid streams,^ 
and like God's 
paradise, 

till that our Preserver God, 
for men's sins, 
gave to the fire 
Sodom and GomorrsA, 
to the swart flame. 

Chose him then a dwellings 
and a land-settlement, 
the son of Haran, 
in Sodom city, . 



^ 



^ For on we should certainly read oifS, which is necessary both to the sense 
and the construction, and is corroborated by Gen. xiii. 10. '* Before the Lord 
destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah/' 

I 2 



116 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



£bte fine. 

beaja]* pjiom bethlem- 

"J bofcl-jeftpedn. 

pelan punben jolb- 

punobe piiS'San- 

be lopbane* ' 

^eajia ma&ne^o- 

J?aep polc-jtebe. 

pBjjie paepon- 

men djileape* 

mefcobe IdiSe* 

paejion fobomipc cynn- 

jynnum J^jufte-^ 

bs^biim jebpolene- 

bjiujon heojia pelppa* 

ecne tinjiaeb- 

aejrpe ne polbe. 

]?am leob-]7eapiim* 

loth** onfdn- 

£c he faejie maej'Se. 

mon-plpan pleah* 

]7eah ]fe he on ]?am lanbe* 

hpian pceolbe. 

facen *] pyjiene* 

^ hine paejjie heolb. 

J^eapjaept ^ jej^ylbij. 

on }?am J^eobpcipe* 

emne }?on jelicopt* 

Idpa jemynbij- 

);e he ne cuiSe- 

hp»t J^a cynn bybon« 

abjvaham punobe- 

e'Sel-eajvbum- 

cananea pojvS* 

hine cyninj enjla* 

• Literally, thefolhsteads. 



bis possessions^ 

bracelets from Beth-el^ 

and household treasures^ 

wealth, twisted gold. 

He dwelt afterwards 

by Jordan 

many years, 

where the towns* 

were fair, 
10 the men of honour void, 

hateful to their Creditor. 

The Sodomitish race were 

bold in sins, 

in deeds perverse ; 

they committed of themselves 

continual depravity. 

Would not ever 
[ 92 ] those public manners 

Lot adopt ) 
20 but he of that people 

fled the sinful ways, 

(though he in the land 

must live,) 

their fraud and crimes, 

and held him fair, 

in morals firm and patient^ 

in that nation, 

even most like as 

(of precepts mindful) 
so that he knew not 

what those people did. 
Abram continued 

in the native dwellings 

of the Canaanites still ; 

him the King of angels, 

^ MS. and Junius ieobr. . 



X!iEDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



117 



inetob mon-cynnef » 
munbbyjibe heolb* 
pilna pa&ftmum* 
*j pojiulb-bujeiSum* 
lufum ^ lijyum. 
fopl^on hiy I6f fecjaiS* 
pibe unbejv polcnum* 
pejia cneojufpe. 
full-pona beajm. 
he ppean hyjibe- 
epfcum on e«le. 
"Senben he eajibep bjieac< 
hahj ^ hije-pjwJb* 
naejrjie hleoji-lojva*- 
set ebpihtan- 
aepjie peoji'Se'S. 
jieojih-b^jienb jia • 
fojiht "3 £col- 

mon pop metobe- 

# # ^ 



Creator of maukind^ 
in his protection held^ 
in the fruits of his wishes^ 
and worldly goods, 
in love and favours ; 
wherefore his praise say, 
wide under the skies, 
the families of men, 
children of the baptized. 
10 He the Lord obeyed 
gratefully in the land, 
while he the earth enjoyed 
holy and wise .of mind. 
Never • .' . . 

shall ever be 
for those bearing life 
afraid and trembling. 
Man before his Creator 



|?e him septep &• 

m « # 

^ ii^ ^ 

:» « 4 



do who to him ever after. 



}?uph jemynba ppeb. 
mdbe^ 3 bs^biim* 
pdpbe ^ jepifcce. 



byjdint of meditation, 
in mind and deeds> 
word and wit. 



» According to Lye, hleoji-lojia BignifieB Jwminum jactura ; while Manning (in 
Suppl.) renders it homo discena, discipulus. The whole passage, to the end of the 
canto, is extremely obscure, some lines being wanting, as is evident from the de- 
fective alliteration. 

^ MS: and Junius m6b. 



118 



€iEDMON*S PARAPHRA6E. 



plfe ponce' 

0*$ hif ealboji-jebil- 

oleccanpile:* 

XXVIII. 

Da ic alboji jeppaejn* 
elamitajma- 
jrjidmne polc-tojan- 
jzyjib ^ebeoban* 
dplahomap- 
him ambjiapel* 
Of fennap- 
fibe populbe*. 



10 



wise thoughts^ 

until his divorce from life 

will serve. 

XXVIII, 

Then heard I that the prince 

of the Elamites^ 

the bold folk-leader, 

an army raised, 

Chedorlaomer : 

to him Amraphel 

of Shinar, 

widely in the world. 



f6ji on jniltum* 
jepifcon hie peopep J?a- 
)7eob-cynmjap. 
|>pymme imcle* 
pecan pu"? iSanon* 
poboman -j 2omoppan< 
};a paep piiS-heppim. 
be lopbane* 
pepa eiSel-lanb* 
pibe jeonb-penbeb. 
polbe peonbum- 
pceolbe pophfc mom;- 
blac-hleop ibep. 
bipenbe jdiL- 
on ppembep paeiSm. 
peollon pepjenb* 
bpyba ^ beaja- 
bennum peoce. 



marched in succour. 

They four then departed, 
kings of nations, 
with a great multitude, 
to seek south from thence 
Sodom and Gomorrah. 
Then with hostile bands was, 
by Jordan, 
20 the people's natal land 
wide overspread, 
the soil with enemies. 
Must many a fearful 
pale-faced damsel 
trembling go 

into a stranger's embrace. 
Fell the defenders 
of their brides and bracelets, 
sick with wounds. 



> The lines containing the names of the other two kings, Arioch and Tidal^ 
have been inadvertently omitted by the copier of the MS. The sense of the line 
j-ibe pojiulbe depends upon what should follow, but is now lost. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



119 



him |?a tojeanef . 
mib juiS-J^jiaece* 
pj:e ):6}ian* 
folc-cyninjaf' 
fpeofcum pi^n. 
polbon fobome buph* 
pjia^um pejiian. 
]7a pint^a xu* 
nofi'Smonnum e&]i* 
niebe pceolbon. 
jombon pelban. 
^ japol pellan^ 
0*8 f }7a leobe- 
lenj ne polbon- 
elamitajma* 
albop ppi'San* 
pole- jepfcjieolMun • 
dc him pjiom-ppicon- 
f 6jion J?a fcopomne- 
pjiancan^ pa&jion hltibe> 
ppaiSe pasl-hejujap- 
panj pe panna pujel. 
unbep beojie'S-pceapfcimi 
beapij peBejia. 
hp»p onpenan* 
haele'S 6nefcfcon» 
on maejen-cop.'Spum* 
mdbum J^Jiybje^- 
oiS f polc-jefciiume. 
jepapen faaspbon* 



{ 93 ] Against them then^ 

with warlike force, 

marched five 

kings of nations^ 

with their bands from the south ; 

they would Sodom city 

from foes defend. 

These winters twelve 

before to the nerthmen 
10 must needs 

pay homage^ 

and tribute give ; 

till that those nations 

no longer would 

the Elamites' 

prince strengthen 

with the public treasures, 

but they deserted him. 

JTiey then marched together, 
20 the javelins were loud, 

wroth the bands of slaughter, 

the sad fowl sang 

amid the dart-shafts, 

dewy of feathers, 

the rush expecting. 

l%e warriors hastened 

in powerful bodies, 

bold of mood, 

till that the hosts of nations 
30 had come 



» Lye, citing this plftce, eiplaind pji^ncan by Fhifici, Franconee; but jp/ianca 
is undoubtedly a missile weapon, as is evident from the passage in the " Death 
of Byrhtnoth"; y pKy ceolan junu. fe fone fojiman man. mib hij jrjiancan 
ojrrceat. See "Anal. Angl. Sax." p. 12.3, line 27. and "Conybeare*s lUustra- 
tions>" p. x«ii Se6 al6o " WestenriedeS: Glossarium Ger. Lat." voce Franc sic a. 

to The expression mobum fjiybje is rendered by Lye animis depresai, which 
surely cannot be the author's meaning. — Perhaps we ought to read fMJte, 



120 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fib tofomne- 
pi'San ^ nojviSan- 
helmum ]7eahte* 
J^aeji paef heapb pleja- 
pael-jajia pjuxl* 
pij-cyjim micel- 
hltib hilbe ppej- 
hanbum bjiujbon* 
haeleiS of pca&'Sum. . 
hjun;-m»leb ppeojib. 
ecjum bihtij. 
|?»p paep ea'Spynbe*- 
eople ojilej-ceap. 
re«e sfeji ne psep- 
m«er xenihfcpum. 
nop'S-men p»p(m» 
pu'S-polcum ppice- 
ptipbon pdbom-pape- 
^ jomoppe- 
jolbep bpytl:an. 
aefc )?8em linb-cji6ban- 
leopim bebpopene. 
jzypb-jep fceallum • 
jepicon peoph heopa* 
fpam >am polc-ptybe. 
fledme nepjan* 
pecjum opj'lejene. 
him on ppa'Se peoUon- 
8&'8elinjabeapn. 
ecjum opj^ejbe. 
pill-jep'SiSap. 



10 



20 



20 



together from afar, 
from south and north, 
with helmets decked. 

There was hard play, 
an interchange of deadly weapons, 
a great war-cry, 
a loud battle-crash* 
Drew with their hands 
the warriors from their sheaths 
Me ring-hilted sword, 
of edges doughty ; 
there was found easily 
death-work to the man 
who ere was not 
with slaughter satiate. 

The northmen were 
to the southfolk destructive. 
, The inhabitants of Sodom were, 
and of Gomorrah, 
Me dispensers of gold, 
at the press of shields^ 
deprived of their beloved 
martial comrades. 
They retired, their lives 
(from the i&a^f /e-place of nations) 
by flight to save, 
smitten by the soldiers. 
Fell on their path 
the children of the people, 
by Me swordCs edge consumed, 
their voluntary comrades. 



^ The sense of this and the three follo'wing lines is obscure^ and my transla'* 
lation, I fear, far from satisfactory. 

^ Literally, at the linden crowd, from the wood^of the linden or lime-tree, of 
which the bucklers were made. See my translation of ** Rask's Anglo-Saxon 
Grammar," p. xliii. note. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



121 



haefbe pij-psoji. 
elamitapna* 
opbef pifa* 
peolb pa&l-ffcope. 
jepac peo paepna lap* 
paepfcen pecan. . 
pynb jolb pcjiubon* 
^uban )7a nub hep^e* 
hojib-buph pejva- 
poboman ^ jomojipan* 
)7a pael ajealb* 
ms^pe ceaptpa* 
maejS p«ebon. 
paemnan ^ pubupan* 
ppeonbum beplaejene- 
ppom hleop-pfcdle. 
hefcfcenb laebbon- 
tit mib aehtum- 
abpabamep mae;- 
Of poboma byjuj- 
pe f PC'S mae^on* 
pecjan pupiSup. 
hpelc p'SiSan peaji'S* 
aepfceji )?a&m jehnaepfce- 
hepe-pulpa piiS- 
J?apa )?e laebbon. 
loth ^ leoba jdb. 
puiS-monna pnc- 
pjojie jnlpon:* 

XXVIIII. 

J>im J?a pecj hpaiSe. 

jepdc piSian- 

in jdpa lap* 

pe "Sa* ju^e jena&p* 



Had victory in the battle 

of ^Ae Elamites 

the ruler of the marshalled host^' 

held the battle-place. 

Went the weapons' leavings 

to seek a fastness. > 

ITie foes pillaged the gold^ 

then plundered with their band 

the treasury of the men 
10 of Sodom and Gomorrah. 
At that time dearly paid 

the great cities ; 
[ 94j ] the virgins departed^ 

the damsels and widows^ 

of friends bereft, 

from their asylum : 

driving they brought 

out, with his possessions, 

Abram's kinsman, 
so from Sodom city. 

We may that soothly 

further say, . 

what was afterwards, 

after the slaughter, 

the march of these war- wolves, 

of those who led away 

Lot and the people's goods, 

the southmen's treasure. 

ITiey in victory exulted. 

XXVIIII. 

e 

30 Then a warrior hastily 
went journeying, 
one a leaving of the weapons, 
who had been saved in battle. 



^ For !^a it seems that we should read fSe in this place. 



122 



C^DMON'8 PARAPHRASK. 



abjiaham fecan* 
j'e f ojilej-peojic. 
)7am d^fcan- 
eojile jecy^be. 
fojiflejeh fpiiJe. 
foboma pole- 
leoba bupiSe* 
^ lofchef p"B. 
)7a f uipit>rp€il^ 
abpaham pae^be* 
ppeonbum jinum* 
bs§b him pultumep- 
pa&jipaept haeleS* 
pill-jcSopcan. 
aneji ^ manjie* 
epcol }?jubban." 
qjffi'S f him p»pe. 
peojice on mobe* 
popja pdjiopfc- 
^ hip puhfcpija. 
)?eop-nyb }?olobe* 
b8§b him J?ji«c-ji6pe. 
J?a juncap faap* 
ps6b ahic^an* 
f hip hylbe-maftj. 
dhjieb pupbe. 
beopn mib bjiybe* 
him J?a bpo'Soji )>py« 
aec ppjiaece J?«p6. 
ppebum miclum* 
baelbon hyje-pojije. 
heajibum pdpibum • 
ellen-pdpe- 
^ abjiahame* 
i^eopa pealbon- 
f hie hip tojui imb him 



Abram to seek, 

who that fatal work 

to the Hebrew 

earl announced, 

that were cruelly slaughtered 

the folk of Sodom, 

the flower of the nations, 

and Lot's misfortune. 
Then that tale of woe 
10 Abram told 

to his friends, 

besought to him their aid, 

the righteous man, 

his confederates, 

Aner and Mamre, 

Eshcol third ; 

said that to him was 

grief in mind, 

of sorrows the most painful ; 
20 that his brother's son 

was suffering servitude t 

besought those daring men to him, 

those warriors, for this 

counsel devise, 

that his dear kinsman 

might be rescued, 

the chieftain with his bride. 
To him the brothers three, 

at that deliberation, 
30 with earnest zeal 

healed the mental sorrow, 

with bold wotds, 

the renowned for valour 5 

and to Abram 

gave their faith, 

that they his anger with him 



G^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



123 



jeppaecon on ppaSum* 

oiS'Se on p»l peallan* 

]7a ]*e hal^a heht* 

hif heojiiS-pejiob* 

paspna onpdn* 

he )7a&p pijena pinb- 

»fc-bejienbj\a- 



xvm< 



10 



3 coc. eac* 

J^eonben* holbjia* 

J^ajia }?e he pifte- 

^ meahce pel »;hpylc* 

on pyjib pejan* 

fealpe hnbe**- 

him ]7a abpaham -^epit* [95] 

T }?a eojilap J^jiy. 

]7e him s6p tpeope pealbon* 

mib heojia polce'jetpnme* 

polbe hif m»j hupu loth alyn- 

Of IdiSpcipe. [nan. 

juncap pajion pdpe. ai 

panbap p«jon« 

pojiiS f-jidmlice* 

on polb-peje- 

hilbe pulpap. 

hepe-picum neh. 

^ep^pen haepbon* 

]7a he hip ppum-japan* 

piphybij pep. 

pdpbum paejbe. 3o 

J^dpep apepa* 

him p«p J>eapp micel. 

f he on t:pa healpe* 



on the foes woiild wreak^ 
or in slaughter fall. 

Then the holy man bade 
his hearth-retainers 
their weapons take : 
he there warriors founds 
bearers of the ashen spear j 
eighteen 

and three hundred eke^ 
to their lord faithful^ 
of whom he knew 
that each could well 
to battle bear 
the fallow linden. 

Abram then departed^ 
and the earls three, l^ven^ 

who ere to him their faith had 
with their band of people ; 
he would at least his kinsman Lot 
from calamity. [release 

The warriors were renowned, 
bore their shields 
stoutly forth 
on the earth- way. 

The war- wolves 
near to their camp 
had marched, 
when he to his leaders, 
the cautious man, 
said in words, 
Terah's son, 

that to him was great need 
that he, on two sides. 



« Thus in MS., but apparently an error for >eobne, as the word does not 
seem to occur elsewhere. 

^ In Beowulf we have jeolpe linb, p. 194. line 17. 



124 



CwSDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



jjumme ju"8-jem6fc. 
jyftum eopbon* 
heajibne hanb-plejan* 
cp8e"8 f him j-e halja* 
ece bjiihten- 
ea^ mihte* 
»fc fam rpepe m«e. 
fpebe laenan* 
}?a ic ne'San jejrjiaejnr 
unbep mhfc-fcupan- 
ha&le^ tohilbe. 
hlyn peap'S on picum* 
pcylba ;j pceapta* 
pceofcenbjia pyll. 
piB-jJina jejjunb. 
jjupon tinpaejpe* 
unbep pceac-pepum. 
j'ceapp^ jajiaf • 
;j peonba peoph* 
peoUon "Sicce. 
];aBji hlihenbe* 
hti'Se pepebon. , 
peccap "J jep'S'Sap* 
pjop epc ahpeapp* 
op nop'S-monna* 
01*8-561:6006. 
aepc-cip p6pa. 
abpaham p6alb6* 
pij to p6bbe- 
nallep punb6n jolb.. 
pop hip puhtijpan^ 
ploh "3 pylbe- 
peonb on pitt6^. 



the grim war-mote 

should to the strangers show, 

the hard hand-play ; 

said that him the holy 

Lord eternal 

might easily, 

at the strife of spears, 

with success reward. 

When, as I have heard, to sleep, 
10 imder the shade of night, 

the warrior bowed, 

was in the camp the din 

of shields and shafts, 

the fall of archers, 

whizzing of war- darts : 

griped unsoftly , 

among the shooters 

the sharp arrows, 

and the lives of the foes 
20 fell thickly, 

where laughing 

they had borne the spoil, 

warriors and allies. 

Victory turned again 

from the northmen's 

hostile malice, 

the spear-glory of the men :— 

Abram gave 

war in ransom, 
30 not twisted gold, 

for his brother's son. 

Struck and felled 

the enemy in fight : 



» Lye renders this line exultans in cantilena, I suspect jcitte to be an error for 
j:eohte, or rather jryhte, and have translated accordingly. 



CiEDMON'8 PARAPHRASE. 



125 



him on piltum ^Ji^p* 


in his support crushed 


heop)n-j\lcef peajib. 


the Guardi^ of heaven's kingdom 


hejijaf pujibon. 


those bands^ were 


yeoyeji on pleame* 


in flight four 


folc-cymnjaf. 


kings of nations^ 


leobeji«j7>an» 


30 leaders of people : 


him on laffce jt6b» 


on their footsteps stood 


hihthc heoji'S-pejiob- 


the exulting vassalage^ 


;j haeleiJ lajon* 


and the warriors lay. 


on j'pa'Se paeton* 


10 sate, on the way. 


J^a pe foboma^ 


those that Sodom 


^ jomojijia* 


and Gomorrah 


jolbe bejiilfan. 


had of gold bereft. 


bepfejiubon ffclj-pitum*. 


thet/ strewed on the path-ways. 


him f pfci'Se jealb. 


Them that sternly paid 


fsebejia lofchep. 


the uncle of Lot : 


jJeonbe^ 


fleeing [were] 


elamitajma* 


the Elamites* 


alboji-buju^e* 


chief nobles. 


bdme bebjiojiene- 


90 of power bereft, 


0*8 f hie bomapco* 


[ 96 ] till that they from Damascus 


rtnpeoji p«jion» 


were not far. 


jepdt him abjiaham ]^a. 


Abram then went 


on |?a pij-jidbe- 


on the war-road. 


pi'Sejifcjiob pedn- 


the retreat to see 


H^pa monna* 


. of the hostile men. 


lofch paep ilbjiebeb* 


Lot was rescued. 


eojil nub aehtmn- 


the earl with his possessions. 


ibepa hpujipon- 


the females returned. 


pip on piUan* 


• 30 the women willingly ; 


pibe jepapon- 


saw wide around 


jrjieojia peojih-banan- 


the murderers of the people*^ 



* The signification of )rtlx-pJtum seems very doubtful ; perhaps we should 
read ftlj-picum, meaning toums or villagea on the road. 
^ The word psjion seems to be wanting in this place, 
c Literally, o//Aeyree. 



126 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



pujlaf flitan* 
onecj.pale. 
abjiaham fejiebe* 
pilS-monna ejit- 
pnc ^ bjiyba. 
8&%elmja beajin- 
0*8 lemoji* msp^e&* 
heojia majuin* 
nmyjie mon eglpa* 
kp^enbjia heji- 
lyfcle pejiebe. 
j7on puji^bcoji. 
pi5-p«Sfceah. 
^9,f& 'pe piS fpa iniclum< 
maBjne jepaspbe :• 

XXX. 

pa paej- pi*S ]?anon* 
poboma pole* 
pi'S-ppell pejan^- 
hpelc jjidmjia peajiB. 
peonba pjiom-Mb. 
jepdt him pjiea ledba* 
eojilum bebpojien- 
abjiaham pecan* 
pjieonba peapceapfc*^. 
him pejiebe mib* 
polomia* 
pmcep hyjibe* 
f paep pe msfepa- 
melchipebec* 
leobabipceop. 
pe mib Idcum com* 



10 



[97] 



90 



30 



the birds tearh^, 

amid the slaughter of swords. 

Abram conveyed 

back the south-men's 

treasure and brides^ 

the children of the people^ 

unto the territory of ^ * *, 

to their kindred. 

Never any one of wli 
living here, 
with a small band, 
on a worthier than that 
warlike expedition marched, 
of those who against aa great 
a power rushed* 

XXX. 

Then was, south from thence, 

the people of Sodom 

awaiting tidings of the bsrltl^' — 

how was the fierce 

enemies* retreat ? 

27ie lord of ^^ people went^ 

of his men bereft, 

to seek Abram, 

destitute of friends; 

with him went 

Salem's 

treasure's guardian, 

that was the great 

Melchizedek, 

the people's bishop, 

who came with gifts. 



* Evidently an error of the scribe, perhaps for ^omojijia. 
^ My interpretation of pe^an is purely conjectural. 
<^ This line is in apposition to line 22. 



C:£DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



127 



Fj^b-jimca jrpaman- 

paejjie ^jietan- 

abjiaham djihce* 

3 him onj-efcte- 

jobef bletpinje* 

"J fpa jybbobe* 

p«ji "Su jepuii"8ob. 

on pejia jiime* 

foji 'pdRf eajum* 

"pe "Se »fca tip- 

»t 5U*Se popjeaj:. 

^ If 50b felpi- 

yeSe hett:enbjia' 

hepja J^jiymmap- 

on jepealb jebjisec* 

3 pe p8&pnum last* 

panc-rfcjiafce poji*. 

ji6me pyjican* 

hu'Se dbyiebban* 

3 ba&le'S pyllan* 

on ppa'Se paefcon- 

ne meahton p'8-pepob. 

pi'Se ppopan* 

&c hie job plymbe** 

pe "Se »c-peohfcan- 

mib ppum-japum- 

pi^ opepmaejnep. 

ejpan pceolbe^ 

hanbum plnum • 

3 halepi tpeop. 

peo )?u PI'S pobopa peapb. 

pihte healbept. 



the chief of martial kadera 

fair to greet, 

Abram, honourably ; 

and on him set 

God's blessing, 

and thus sang :— ' 

^ Be thou honoured 

in the number of men, 

before tfie eyes of him 
iQ who to thee glory of spears, 

at battle, gave ; 

that is, God himself, 

who the pursuing 

armies' bands 

brake in his power, 

and thee with weapons let 

a way forth through the proud 

widely work, 

rescue the spoil, 
ao and the warriors fell. 

On the way they sate ; 

the marching host might not 

in battle thrive, 

but them God routed, 

(who to fight 

with the patriarchs, 

against superior force's 

terror is said, 

with his hands,) 
30 and the holy covenant, 

which thou with heaven's Ruler 

rightly boldest.' 



* The order of this and the six following lines seems to be ; but them God {and 
the holy covenant) routed, who with his hands is said to fight with the patriarchs, 
against the terror of superior force. Sceolbe here seems to have the force which 
the same verb has in modem German^ viz. ie said, is understood. 



128 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



him ];a ye beojin. 
blefcpinja lean- 
]7ujih hanb ajeap* 
;j pVBy hejie-fceamef . 
eallef teo^an fceat- 
abjiaham fealbe* 
jobef bifceope. 
}?a fppaec ju'S-cynmj* 
foboma alboji* 
j'ecjupi bejylleb * . 
to abjiahame* 
him paef djia J^eajip. 
pojijif me mennen* 
minjia leoba. 
}?e pvi dhpebbeft. 
heyijer cjiaeptum^ 
pejia pael-clommum* 
hapa 'pe pmiben ;olb* 
f a^ji djen paep. 
uppum folce- 
f eoh ■] ppaetpa* 
laet me ppeo laeban* 
epfc on e'Sel. 
ae'Sehnja beapn- 
on pepfce pic- 
pip "3 cnihtap- 
eapme pybepan. 
eapopan pynbon beabe« 
polc-jep^ap- 
nym'Se pea dne- 
}?e me nub pceolbon- 
meapce healban* 
him ]7a abpaham* 
anbppapobe* 



10 



[98] 



21 



30 



Him then the prince 
the gift of his blessings 
gave, through his hand^ 
and of the martial spoils 
throughout^ a tenth portion 
on Abram bestowed^ 
God's bishop. 

Then spake the warlike king, 
the prince of Sodom, 
of his warriors bereft, 
to Abram ; 

to him was need of wealth : — 
' Give me the damsels 
of my people, 
whom thou hast rescued, 
through power of thj/ band, 
from those men^s fatal bonds ; 
have to thee the twisted gold, 
that erst belonging was 
to our folk, 

the wealth and ornaments ; 
let me lead, them &ee,. 
back into their country, 
my people's children, 
into their wasted dwelling-place, 
the women and the youths, 
the poor widows ; 
their sons are dead, 
nobles of the country, 
save a few only, 
who with me must 
the frontier guard.' 

Him then Abram 
answered 



« This participle appears to be synonymous with bejls^en^ signifying herqft 
(of friends, through their being slain orfeUed), 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



129 



aebjie pop eojilum* 

elne jepuji'Soh. 

bdme •) pjojie. 

bjuhthce j'pjiaec. 

ic )?e jehate. 

ha&le^a palbenb. 

fop ]7am haljan- 

pe heofona if • 

J^ijje eoji'San* 

djenb jrjiea* . lo 

pdjibum minum* 

nip pojiulb-peoh )?e ic me djan 

pjle- 
pceat ne pcillinj. 
psey ic onpceofcenbum. 
]?eoben ms^jia* 
finer ahpebbe. 
ae'Selin^a helm* 
J^y laep )?u epc q^e'Se. 
f ic pujibe. 

pill-jepteallum. ao 

eabij 6n eoji'San- 
fiSji-jeptjieonum* . 

poboma jilce. 

* « « 

dc }7u moft; heonon hu^e la&ban- 

];e ic pe aefc hilbe jepldh* 

ealle buton bs&le* 

}?ipfa bjuhfc-pejia- 

juiepep "3 mamjiep* 

3 epcolep- . 30 

nelle ic J^a jimcap- 

juhte bens^man* 



forthwith before the people : 

honoured for valour, 

power and victory ; 

lordly he spake :— < 

' I vow to thee, 

lord of men, 

before the Holy, • 

that is of heaven 

and of this earth 

the owning Lord, 

with my words,-— 

there is no worldly pelf, that I 

will for myself possess, 
scot nor shilling, 
for that I from the assailants, 
great lord ! 
rescued thee, 
chief of men ! 

lest thou shouldest say hereafter, 
that I became 
with my comrades 
rich on earth, 
with the treasures 
of Sodom's realm ; 

[spoil, 
but thou hence mayest lead the 
which I for theehavewon in battle, 
all, save the part 
of these chieftains, 
Aner and Mamre, 
and Eshcol: 

I will not those warriors 
of their right deprive ; 



* Literally, toith the trass (i. e. money) treasures. In the following line, jiice 
seems to be an error for jiicej*. The line in alliteration with joboma jiice is 
wanting. 

K 



130 



CiGDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



Ac hie me pill-eobon* 

aet aej-c-];p8ece. 

fuhton pe s&pceji ppojipe- 

jepit y\x pejuan nti. 

hdm hyjifteb jolb. 

^ healf-maBje'S*- 

leoba ibefa* 

'pxi ye hcSjiSi ne J^eapjt:* 

hsele'Sa hilb-J^jiaece. 

hplle onpttan- 

noji^-manna plj* 

e&cne pijlaf • 

unbeji beoph-hleofnim* 

bldbij pfcta'8. 

}?eob-hepja p»l. 

}>icce jepylleb- 

jepdc him )?a pe healbenb* 

hdm p'Sian* 

mib J^yiiepe-ceame. 

}?e him pe halja pop^eap • 

ebp^a ieob- 

djina jemynbij. 

'Sa jSn abjiahame* 

eopbe pelpa- 

heopona heah-cynmj* 

halite ppjiaece. 

tjiymebe til-mobijne- 

^ him td jieojibobe- [ 99 J 

meba pynboii nucla'* ^ina* 

ne last pu ]?e ];ln mdb apealcan* 

paeppaept pillan minep- 9i 

ne l^eajipfc }>u |?e pihc onbjia&ban 

J?enben }?u mine Wjie la&ptepfc. 



20 



for they well aided me, 

at the brunt of 'ashen spears, 

fought for thy benefit. 

Depart thou now conveying 

home the fretted gold^ 

and beloved damsels, 

women of the nations, [self, 

thou for enemies' needest not thy- 

for those men's martial viol^ice, 

a while disquiet, 

the northmen's war, 

27ie teeming fowls, 

among the mountain-heights^ 

sit bloody, 

with the slaughter of those bands 

thickly filled.' 

Departed then the prince 
home to journey, 
with the martial spoil, 
which to him gave the holy 
Hebrews' lord, 
mindful of benefits^ 

Then again to Abram 
appeared himself, 
the heavens' high King ; 
with holy speech 
comforted the meek of mind, . 
and to him spake :— 
*Thy rewards are great, 
let not thou thymind depress thee; 
observant of my will, 
thou needest not fear aught, 
while thou my precepts executesft; 



* A similar oompound with the wotd healf, viz. healf-jfibebba, occurs in 
Beowulf, p. 7» Hue 21. 
^ Both micla and J'lua seem to be errors for micle and >ine. 



€i£DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



131 



10 



&c ic J^e hpjenbe heji- 
PI'S peana jefapani' 
pjieo "3 pcylbe- 
folmum mlnum* 
ne )?eappc J^u popht pefafi* 

XXXI. 

Xbjiaham ]?£• 

anbppapobe- 

bfi&b-jidj: bjuhfcne jinum- 

jrjiaejii hine baej-jiime pjidb 

hpset ppept Jm me. 

japta palbenb. 

ppeo-manna to ppopjie* 

nu ic l^up peapceapfc «om* 

ne )?eapp Sc ;^pe-ft;dl. 

eapopan bydian^ 

a&ne^um mlnpa* 

Ac me «ptep pculon- 

mine populb-ma^ap- 

pelan bpyttian* 

ne pealbept )?u me punu- 

pdp'Son mec popj bpeceiS- 

on pepan ppi"8e. 

ic pylp ne maer- [ 100 ] 

jae^ jep^pa mln- 
paejen p*]ieo-beajinum- 
paepte myiifce'8 m je)?ancum. 
^ me aeptep pe eapojian pine* 
yjipe-peapbap. 

jepecS ^ me op bjiybe- 8o 

beapn ne pdcon* 
him )?a aebpe job. 
anbjT^apobe- 
naepjie jepepan. 

r2 



90 



for I thee livmg here, 

against every ill 

will cover and shieid, . 

with my hands : 

thou needest not b^ fearful.' 

XXXI. 

Abram then 

answered^ 

the deed-famed, his Lord ; 

him asked the stricken in daya:-' 

* What givest thou me. 

Ruler of spirits, 

for men's comfort, 

now I am thus desolate ? 

I need not an hereditary fleat 

build for any 

sons of mine ; 

but after me shall 

my worldly connexions 

my wealth enjoy. 

Thou hast not given me a son, 

therefore me sorrow vexeth 

sorely in mind ; 

I may not myself 

counsel devise. 

My steward goeth 

elate with children, 

firmly in thought imaginetb.^ 

that after me his sons shall be 

the heirs : 

he seeth that by my wife to jnabe 

children are not born.' 

Him then forthwith God 
answered : — 
' Never otJhe steward 



132 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ps&ba'S ];ine- 

eapojia* yppe. 

Ac )>fn d^en beajm* 

jrjiaetpa healbe'8- 

];onne J^in plaefc hjcS. 

fceapa heofon- 

hyjirte jejvlm. 

jioboper fcunjel- 

];a nti jitime heopa* 

pulboji-faepfcne plifce. 

plbe baela'S- 

opeii bjidb bjiymu. 

beojihte j-cinan. 

fpilc bi'8 maej-buph- 

menijo |?iiijie- 

folc-beapnum jrpome. 

ne la&t J;u )?in peph^ pepan 

ro|ijum ap&leb. 

ji6n ];e jninu peop^e^^ 

beajin op bpybe- 

I'uph jebyjib cumen • 

pe'Se aepfcep bi'S. 

ypper h^be. 

jdbe ms&pe* 

ne jeompa fu. 

ic eom pe palbehb* 

pe |?e pop pintpa pela* 

op calbea- 

ceaptpe dlaebbe* 

peopepa pumne- 

jehet )?e polc-ptebe. 

pibe to jepealbe. 

ic pe p8&pe nti- 

majo ebp6a* 

mine pelle^ 



shall the sons 

govern thy heritage ; 

but thine own child 

shall rule thy treasures^ 

when thy flesh lieth. 

Behold the heaven ; 

tell its ornaments^ 

the stars of the firmament^ 

which now largely their 
10 glorious beauty, 

widely deal, 

over the broad ocean 

brightly shine : 

such shall be the family 

of thy people, 

excellent in its children. 

Let not thou thy soul be 

with sorrows bound ; 

yet to thee shall sons, 
20 children from thy wife, 

come by birth, 

who shall after be 

guardians of thy heritage, 

good and great. 

Be not thou sad ; 

I am the Powerful, 

who thee, many winters since, 

from the Chaldeans' 

city led, 
30 some four ofyou^ 

promised thee dwellings, 

ample in possession j 

I thee now, 

parent of the Hebrews ! 

my covenant give. 



» The construction requires eaj:ojian. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE; 



133 



f fceal }:poin-cynne. 
folbe J^ine* 
fib lanb mam;* 
jej-eteb pupiSan* 
eoji'San fceatap 
0*8 euppaten* 
;j jzjiom ejypca. 
e^el-meapce. 
ppa* mib lU'Sap ** tpa. 
nilup j'ceabe'S. 
;j epfc penbe^*^ pafe. 
pibe jiice- 
eall^ pculoh d;an« 
eapojian )>lne* 
}7eob-lanba jehpilc- 
ppa ];a ]?jieo paeteji- 
pceape pfcdn-byjuj- 
ftjieamum bepinba^. 
f amije pldbap- 
folc-maejSa byht*'^ 
}?a paep papjian. 
Y&fi on mdbe. 
^ him abpahame* 
a&mj ne peap^. 
}?uph jebebpcipe. 
beapn jems&ne. 
fpeolic to Fpofpe. 
onjan J^a peph'S-ceapij" 



that shall with thy offspring 

the earth, 

many a spacious land, 

be peopled, 

earth's regions, 

unto the Euphrates, 

and from the Egyptians' 

country-limit, 

(which with two streams 
10 Nilus boundeth,) 

and unto the Mediterranean sea, 

spacious realms. 

All that shall own 

thy sons, 

each coimtry, 

which those three waters 

(lofty towns of stone) 

with their streams surround, 

foamy floods, 
20 the boundary of nations.' 
Then was to Sarah 

pain in mind, 

that to them by Abram 

was not any, 

through marriage, 

child common, 
[ 101 ] goodly, for comfort. 

She began then, anxious in soul. 



* The word f j)a is here^ and at line 16, a relative, like the German so. Thus 
also Beowulf: plite-beojihtme jjanj . )rj)a pseteji bebujetJ. See Thorkelin's Edit. 
p. 10. 1. and Rask's Gr. p. 206. 

^ Junius has jiit^aj, both here and in his transcript of ^Ifric, MS. Bodl. 

^ For eft penbetJ f se, which seems void of an appropriate sense, I suspect we 
ought to read o^ penbel jk. 

^ According to the Suppl. to Lye, byht signifies angulus vel sinm in quo con- 
currunt limites regionum. It seems to be synonymous with the- Ger, Bucht, 
Isl. and Dan. Bugt. 



134 



CiEDMON S PARAPHRASE. 



to pejie finum* 

pdpbum maeiSlan- 

me ];aef pojipyjmbe- 

palbenb heofona* 

f ic maej-bujije. 

moffce J^injie. 

jilm michan* 

jiobejium unbep- 

eafojium J^lnum* 

nti Ic eom ojipena- 

f unc peo e'8yl-rt«F- 

»j:jie peop«e. 

jipe*Se astjaebepe- 

ic eom jeomop-j-Tidb- 

bpihren mln* 

bo ppa ic J^e bibbe- 

hep if paemne. 

fpeolecu maej- 

ibep ejypfcipc- 

dn dn jepealbe. 

hit ];e |?a pecene- 

pe]l:e jepcijan^ 

J dpanba* 

hp««ep ppea pille. 

aem^ne )?e. 

yppe-peapba- 

on populb Mean* 

)?uph f pip cuman* 

}?a pe eabeja pep- 

ibepe Mpmn- 

je'Sapobe. 

heht him ];eop-mennen« 

on bebb jdn. 

bpybe Idpum. 

hipe mdb apcah. 

'pa, heo paBp majo-tmibpe 



to her consort^ 

with words to speak : — 

* Me hath denied it 

the Lord of Heaven, 

that I of thy . 

family may 

increase the number, 

under heaven, 

with thy sona. 
10 Now I am hopeless, 

that to us the staiF of otir family 

will ever be 

given together* 

I am with sadness worn. 

My lord, 

do as I pray thee ; 

here is a damsel, 

a comely maiden, 

an Egyptian woman, 
20 one in thy power : 

bid her then to thee straight 

thy couch ascend, 

and make trial, 

whether the Lord will 

to thee any 

heir, 

into the world let, 

by this woman, come/ 
Then the blessed man 
30 to the woman's counsels 

assented, 

bade the bond- woman to him 

into bed to go, 

by his wife's counsels. 
Her mind rose, 

when she had with offspring 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



las 



be abjiahame* 
eacen pojiben. 
dnjan a&j:]?ancum« 
djenb-pjiean- 
half-faefC hejuan* 
bije ]?py*8e p»j. 
paef la'Spenbo. 
luptum ne polbe* 
J^eopbom J^ohan*. 
^c heo ];jiiffce on^an* 
pi^ pajijian* 
jyt&e pinnan* 
J>a ic f pip sej-TiaBjn. 
pdjibum cy*8an. 
hijie man-bjuhtue- 
mdbep pojije. 
pdfi-peph^ pejbe. 
^ ppi^e cpaeiJ. 
ne pjiemepfc ];u jejiypnu. 
^ jiiht PI'S me. 
I^apobept )?u jena* 
^ me J;eop-mennen» 
p*8^an ^jap "Se. 
ibepe lapce. 
bebb-jiepte jepfcah^ 
*fpa Ic b^ua pfi&p. 
bjiehte bojojia jehpam* 
bs^um T pdjibum* 
unaplice ^* 
^jan** fceal. 
jip ic mdc pop )ie» 



by Abram 
[ 102 ] been increased ; 

she sought with insults 

her mistress^ 

stubborn, to vex, 

bore contumely in mind, 

was ill-disposed, 

willingly would not 

thraldom endure, 
10 but she boldly sought 

against Sarah 

vehemently to strive. [man 

Then, as I have heard, that wo* 

made known in words 

to her lord 

her mind's sorrow, 

sore in soul said, 

and strongly spake :*^ 

^Thou doest not what is seemly 
20 and right towards me ; 

thou hast still permitted 

that me the bond- woman 

Hagar (since to thee 

the woman with step 

thy bed ascended, 

as I was suppliant,) 

hath vexed each day, 

by deeds and words. 

Disgracefully that 
30 shall Hagar rue^ 

if I may for thee^ 



« MS« and JupiuSj, b]\eht:a bojojia ;seliam. 

^ For ajan I suspect we should read d^ap, and that hjieopian or jelban, or a 
verb of like import, haa been omitted in the line. 

^ "if I may for thee/' i. e. tf I might be allowed, Again^ on a similar occasion* 
Sarah says, ^ij: ic jealban mor. 



136 



CiBDMON S PARAPHRASE. 



mine pealban* 


govern my own. 


abjiaham leopa- 


beloved Abram ! 


J^aef pe s&Imihti;- 


of this be the Almighty 


[bjuhcna]* bjiihten- 


the Lord [of lords] 


bema nub unc tpih* 


judge 'twixt us two/ 


hijie )?a aebjie. 


Her then straight 


anbfpajiobe. 


answered 


pif-hybij p^ji. 


the prudent man^ 


pdjibiiTTi pinum« 


with his words : — 


nepoplaete ic |?e- 


10 ' I will libt forsake thee. 


J^enben pit: hpaiJ bti- 


[ 103 ] while we both live. 


ajina leape* 


of honours void^. 


dc |?u ];in djen mopfc- 


but thou mayest thine own 


mennen dteon* 


servant treat. 


jT^a ];ln mdb jzjieo'S:. 


as thy mind liketh/ 


XXXII. 


XXXII. 

4 


Da peap^S tinbli'Se- 


Then was unblithe 


abjiahamep cpen. 


Abram's wife. 


hipe popc-];eope. 


with her work-servant 


ppa'S on mdbe* 


wroth in mood : 


heajib ^ hpe'Se. 


ao hard and cruel. 


hije-teonan pppaec. 


her mind's hate spake. 


jrpaecne on pRmnan. 


fiercely against the damseL 


heo ];a pledn jepdfc. 


She then fled 


];pea ■] )?eopb6m. 


invective and thraldom. 


}?o1ian n6 polbe. 


would not endure 


ypel "3 onble^n. 


evil and vengeance 


J?8&p "Se 8&P bybe. 


for what she ere had done 


to papjian. 


to Sarah, 


ac heo on pi's jepdt- 


but on her way she went 


pepten pecan. 


30 the waste to seek. 


}?aftj\ hie pulbpep J^ejn- 


There her a minister of glory. 



» The word bjiihtna is here supplied; the resemblance of which to bjiihten 
immediately following may have occasioned its omission by the scribe. 
^ i. e. childless. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



137 



10 



enjel bjxihfcnej'. 

&n jemitte- 

jeomop mdbe* 

j-e hie jeopne ppaejn^ 

hpibeji funbaft )?u. 

peafceapt ibef . 

pSaj- bjieojan. 

];ec fapjie ah. 

heo him s&bjie* 

anbfpajiobe. 

ic jdeah pean pana* 

pihia jehpilcep . 

hls&fbijan hete* 

hean op plcum* 

tpejan ^ teonan- 

nu pceal teajuj hleoji* [ 104? ] 

on p^pfcenne. 

pitobep biban* 

hponne op heojitan* 

hunjeji o^*8e pulp. 

paple T pojije. 

pomeb abp^jbe. 

hijie ];a pe enjel. 

anbppapobe. 

ne ceajia 'pu peoji hednon* 

pledme bs61an* 

pompij-fc incjie. 

dc ];u pece epc- 

eajina pe &jia* 

ea^mdb onpn- so 

bjieojan aepteji buje'Sum. 

pep bjiihcen holb* 

pu pcealc ^jaji. 

abjiahame punu* 

on pojiulb bpinjan^ 

ic pe pdjibum nti» 



20 



an angel of. the Lord^ 

one met^ 

sad in mood^ 

who her earnestly asked :■— 

' Whither art thou hastening^ 

poor damsel, 

to endure thy lot ? 

Thee Sarah owned.' 

She him forthwith 
answered : — 
^ I fled from evil, (lacking 
of every wish,) 
from my lady^s hate, 
(poor from^Ae dwelling-place,) 
torment and insult. 
Now shall /, with tearful face, 
in the waste 
my doom abide ; 
when from my heart 
hunger or wolf 
soul and sorrow 
shall at once have torn.' 

Her then the angel 
answered : — 

^Care not thou, far from hence, 
by flight to part 
your fellowship, 
but seek thou it again ; 
earn to thee honour, 
humble, strive 
to act according to virtue ; 
be to thy lord faithful ; 
thou, Hagar, shalt 
to Abram a son 
bring into the world. 
I to thee now with my 



138 



GADMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



minum fecje* 

^ fe majo-}imc fceal* 

mib ylbum pej-an- 

ifmabel haten* 

ye bgr8 thihyjie* 

pi'Sejibjieca- 

pejia cneojuffum* 

mdpun jdnum* 

hine momje <5n* lo 

pjia'Se puinaiS* 

mib p8epen-)?ji8ece. 

op ]7am pjium japum*" 

pole apaecniaS* 

)?eob tinmaece* 

jepifc Jm ];mne ept. 

palbenb pecan- 

puna "pddm. ];e djon- 

heo "ph aebjie jepdt* 

enjlep Idjium* 20 

hijie hlapojibum* 

ppa pe haija bebeab* 

jobep fi^jienb-japt- 

jleapan ppjiaeee- [ 105 ] 

'Sa peap.'S abjiahame> 

ipmael jebdjien. 

epne ]7a he on pojiulbe. 

pmtjia haepbe* 

VI. "3 Ixxx- 

punu pedx ^ "Sdh. so 

ppa pe pnjel 3&ji» 

];ujih hip djen pdjib. 

psSle ppeo'80-pcealc. 

ps^mnan paejbe. [ 106 ] 

\fSL pe "Seoben* 

ymb xm. jeip. 



words say, 

that the boy shall, 

'mongst men, be 

Ishmael called. 

He shall be fierce, 

blood-thirsty, 

an adversary 

to the tribes of men, 

to his kindred ; 

on him many 

shall fiercely war, 

with weapon's force. 

From these patriarchs 

shall spring a people, 

a vast nation. 

60 thou again thy 

lord to seek, 

dwell with those who own thee.' 

She then forthwith went, 
through the angel's precepts, 
to her lords, 

as the hgly one commanded, 
God's messenger-spirit, 
with speech discreet. 

Then was to Abram 
Ishmael born, 
just when he in the world 
winters had 
six and eighty. 
27ie son waxed and throve, 
as the angel erst, 
through his own word, 
the faithful minister, 
to the damsel said. 

Then the Supreme, 
after thirteen years. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



139 



ece bjiihten* 

PI'S ab]iahame fpjis^c* 

leopt fpa ic J?e Mpe* 

laeft uncjie pel. 

tjieop-jiaebenne • 

ic 'pe on tiba ^ehpone* 

bupiSum ptepe. 

pep )>u bsSbum p]i<$in« 

piUan minep* 

ic )?a pa6pe pop^S. 

p6Se jelaepfce^ 

J^e ic J?e pealbe jeo^ 

pjioppe to pebbe. 

•Sa&p J?Sn pephtS beme&pn 

]?u pcealc halpan- 

hipeb ^'inne* 

pefce pjopep tdcn* 

p6^ on jehpilcne. 

paepneb-cynnep. 

jip J?u pille on me. 

hlapbpb habban* 

oHe holbne ppeonb- 

|>inum ppomcynne* 

ic )?«p polcep beo. 

hypbe 3 healbenb* 

jip je hypa'S me- 

bpeopc-jehyjbum • 

-J bebobu pitta's. 

min puUian. 

pceal monna jehpilc. 

J^aepe cneopippe. 

cilbipc pepan. 

paepneb-cynnep . 

J^aep J?e on populb cymi5. 

ymb peopon nihfc. 

pijopep t^cne* 



the Lord eternal^ 

with Abram spake :-— 

'Beloved^ as I thee teach^ 

perform thou well our 

covenant : 

I thee, at every time, 

will raise with honours ; 

be thou in deeds strenuous, 

according to my will : 
K) I the compact still 

will truly execute, 

which of old I gave thee, 

in pledge of comfort, 

because thy soul mourned* 

Thou shalt hallow 

thy family, 

set a sign of triumph, 

true, on each 

of the male kind, 
20 if thou wilt in me 

have a Lord, 

or faithful friend 

to thy offspring. 

I will be this people's 

pastor and ruler, 

if ye obey me 

in your bosom-thoughts, 

and my commandments 

will fulfil. 
90 Shall every man 

of this race, 

being childish, 

of the male kind, [cometh, 

from when he into the world 

after seven nights, 

with the sign of triumph. 



i 



140 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



jedjnob me* 

cSSe Of eoji^an* 

'pvLjih jieonbfcipe. 

fe6ji dbfl§leb* 

^bjupen pjiom bupi'Sum* 

b6S ppa ic hate* 

ic eop tjieopije. 

PF je ^ tdcen sejd*. 

j-diS jele&jzan* 

]7U yceait f unu djan* lo 

beajin be bjiybe J?injie. 

};one pculon buph-pfctenbe* 

ealle iy&ic hatan* [HUjan* 

ne J'eapj: J?e J^aej* eafojian fceo- 

&c ic J'am majo-pmce* 

mine jylle* 

jobcunbe ppe* 

^aftej* mihtrum* 

jzjieonb-fpeb pjiemum* 

he onpdn fceal* to 

bhjje mfnjie* 

T blefcfunje. 

lujian 3 hjje- 

op {'am leob-pjmman* . 

bjidb pole cuma%- 

bpejo-peapba pela- 

p6pe apipaiS- 

pleep hypbap. 

populb-cymnjap- 

pibemape:- [107] 

XXXIIL 

Abpaham 'Sa* si 

opeptum lejbe. 
hleop on eop'San* 
"J mib hucpe bepanb. 



be to me dedicated, 

or from the earthy 

by enmity^ 

far parted^ 

driven from good. 

Do as I command^ 

I confide to you^ 

if ye that sign observe, 

the true faith. 

Thou shalt have a son, 

a child, by thy bride, [towns 

whom shall the inhabitants of 

all call Isaac. [this son. 

Thou needest not shame thee of 

for I to the youth 

will give my 

grace divine, 

through the spirit's powers, 

many friends for benefits : 

he shall partake 

my bliss 

and blessing, 

love and favour. 

From that patriarch 

a wide-spread folk shall come, 

many princes 

renowned shall arise, 

guardians of the realm, 

worldly kings, 

widely great.* 

XXXIII. 

Abram then 

laid in haste 

his face on earth, 

and with slighting turned 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



141 



J?a hleo^oji-cpybaf • 
on hije j'lnam* 
m6b-je'Sance« 
he J?aBf mael-baejej'« 
felf ne penbe. 
f him rajijia- 
bjiyb blonben^j:eax« 
bjiinjan meahte* 
on pojiulb jiinu- 
piffce jeajipe. 
f f pif hujiu* 
puitpa hsepbe* 
epne c* 

jeteleb jiimep- 
be 'pSL metobe onq)8e%« 
mijyajium pji6b. 
Lfje ipmael* 
Idjium fpilce* 
]^eoben ^'inum- 
T )?e )>anc peje* 
heajibjiaebne hyje- 
beojitan pcjianje* 
to bjieojanne. 
baejef ^ nihtej-^ 
pdjibum ^ bs^bum- 
pillan }?mne« 
him )>a p«jepe. 
jzjiea s&lmihtij* 
6ce bjuhten* 
anbjT^apobe. 
}?e pceal prntjium ppdb 
on pojiulb bjim^an* 
pajijia funu. 
p6S pop's j^n. 



those revelations 

in his mind, 

his thought. 

He, at that time of day, 

weened not himself, 

that to him Sarah, 
* his fair-haired* wife, 

could bring 

into the world a son ; 
10 he knew well 

that the woman, at least, 

had winters 

just a hundred, 

of numbef told. 

Then spake he to his Creator, 

stricken in years : — 

' May Ishmael live 

as it were in thy 

precepts, O Lord ! 
20 and bear thee thanks, 

with stedfast mind, 

strong heart, 

to execute, 

by day and night, 

by words and deeds, 

thy will.' 
Him then fair 

the almighty Ruler, 

the eternal Lord, 
30 answered : — 

^ To thee, stricken in years, shall 

bring into the world 

Sarah a son, 

he truly come forth 



* Perhaps white-haired, in allusion to her age, though this translation suits 
but ill with what follows respecting Abimelech. 



142 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



pyji'S* aepceji ]?iffuni- 
p6jib- jemeajicum . 
!c ifmael- 
ejmim pille^ 
bletpan nti- 
fpa ^VL b^na eapt* 
]7inum ppum-beapne* 
f peoph-baja* 
on populb-pCce. 
popn jebibe. 
tanum taibpe* 
)>u J?aep fci'Sa beo. 
hpaebpe ic ipace* 
eapopan ^'inum* 
^eonpim beapne* 
};am J?e jen nip. 
on populb cumen« 
piUa ppebum^ 
bujcSa jehpilcpe. 
on bapim pille. 
ppi'Sop pt6pan« 
•3 him y6^ to. 
m6bep paSpe* 
mine jela&pfcan^- 
bailee bije tpeapa< 
^ him holb pepan. 
abpaham ppemebe* 
ppa him pe eca bebedb. 
pette ppi'So-fcicn. 
be ppedn hs^pe. 
on hip pelpep punu* 
heht f pejn pepan* 
heah jehpilcne. 
"pe hip hma paep. 
paepneb-cynnep • 

* MS. pyjib. 



shall^ according to these 

promises. 

I Ishmael 

bounteously will 

now bless, 

as thou art suppliant, 

thy first-bom ddU, 

that life-days, 

in the world's realm, 
10 he many may abide, 

with spreading progeny ; 

this thou shalt obtain : 

yet I Isaac, 

thy son, 

thy young diild, 

who is not yet to thee 

come into the world, 

with speed to his wishes, 

with every good, 
20 in time, will 

much more honour, 

and to him truly 

my mind's covenant 

wiU perform, 

a holy spiritual compact, 

and to him be gracious.' 
Abram did 

as him the Eternal bade, 

set a sign of peace, 
30 at the Lord's behest, 

on his own son, 

bade it a sign to be ; 

circumcised each one 

who his domestic was^ 

of the male kind ; 

^ MS. ^el8et;an. 



C./£DMON'S PARAPHRASE* 



143 



pa6jie jemynbij. 

jleap on m6be« 

"Sa him job fealbe* 

fd'Se tjieopa* 

T J?a feolp onpenj* 

tojihtnim tdcne* 

a hip d]i-metx>b* 

bdmpaepfc cyninj. 

bujcSum lecte- 

on populb-jiice* 

he him J?«p pophte to* 

piS'San he on ps§pe* 

pip^um meahte- 

hip palbenbep. 

pillan piiemman^- 

* * 4; 



mindful of the compact, 
in mind sagacious, 
when God him gave 
a true covenant; 
[ 108 ] and then himself received 
the illustrious token. 

Ever his glorious Creator, 
the powerful king, 
with good increased Aim, 
10 in the world's kingdom ; 

therefore this did he to himself. 

After that he on his journeying 
might moreover 
his Lord'a 
wiU execute 



n^ 



m * m 

]7a ^ pip ahloh* 
pepeba bjuhtnep* 
nallep jlaeblice. 
dc heo jeapum pji<5b- 
J?one hleo'Sop-cpybe. 
hupce belejbe* 



[ 109 ] Then the woman laughed 
at the Lord of hosts, 
not gladly, 

but she, stricken in years, 
20 the revelation 

with slight considered. 



* The sense of these five lines is not clear, and seems to depend on what 

should follow. 
*> At this part of the MS. are evident vestiges of a leaf that has been cut out. 



144 



CiSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



on fepm jftSe- 

fd'S ne jelypbe. 

f J^aejie fpjiaece. 

Ypeb foljobe. 

J?a f jehyjibe. 

heofona palbenb* 

f on btipe ahdj:* 

bjiyb abjiahamef • 

hihtleafne hleahtoji* 

J^d q>»% hah; job. lo 

ne pile pajipan*. 

f6S jelypan. 

p6jibum mlnum* 

pceal feo pyjvb ppa ]?eah* 

poji^fteallian* 

ppa ic J?e »c pjiymiSe jehet. 

fd'S ic ]?e fecje- 

on J?af jylptn tib. 

Of ibej-e bi^- 

eapojia pa&cneb* 20 

}^onne ic ^aj ilcan- 

o'Sjie p'Se. 

pic jefece. 

)>e beo^S popn jehfc. 

mln jeMpfceb. 

)?u on majan plifceit. 

]7ln ^jen beapn- 

abpabam leopa* 

XXXIIII. 

Depiton bun ]7a s^bpe* 
ellop fAye* so 

»ptep J?«pe pppaece. 
ppebum pepan* 



mucb in her mind 5 
she in sootb believed not 
tbat tx) tbat speech 
event would follow. 

When it beard 
heaven's Ruler, 
that in her bower raised 
Abraham's wife 
joyless laughter, 
then said the holy God : — 
' Sarah will not 
in sooth believe 
my words ; 
that event shall yet 
come to pass, [mised. 

as I to thee, at the beginning pro- 
In sooth I say to thee, 
on this very time**, 
of the woman shall be 
a son born. 
When I this same, 
a second time, 
dwelling seek, 
to thee shall be my many 
promises fulfilled : 
thou on thy son shalt look, 
thine own child, 
beloved Abram ! * 

XXXIIII. 

Quickly then departed, 
rapidly elsewhere, 
affcer that speech, 
journeying with speed 



* jajipan occurs elsewhere as a nominative. 

^ " at this set time in the next year." — Gen. xvii. 21. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



145 



10 



Of J?am hlecBop-fCebe. 

halite jiffcaj-. 

laftaf lejbon- 

him p»f leohfcef maej* 

jylysL on jepiJ^e. 

0*8 ^ hie on foboman* 

peall-fceape Impj- 

phtan meahton* 

jepipon ojieji* jmce* 

falo hhpan« 

peceb opep peabum jolbe. 

onjan J^a pobepa palbenb* 

ippa&pt pi% abpaham j^pecan* 

paejbe him tinlytel ppell- 

ic on J?ippe bypij. - 

beaphtm jehype. 

rynmjpa cypm- 

jytSe hltibne* 

ealo-jalpa jylp* 

ypele j-ppifece. 20 

pepob mibep pealltim habban* 

popJ?on paep-lojona pmfc. 

folce-ppena hepje* 

Ic pille panbijan nti- 

majo ebpea* 

hpaet ]?a men b6n« 

jip hie ppa j-piiSe. 

rynnappemma«. 

];eapum ^ je}?ancum* 

rpahieon^peophpppeca*. so 

pacen ^ inpit. 

f pceal ppecan* 

ppepyl T ppeapfc lij. [ 1 10 ] 



from the place of revelation^ 

the holy spirits 

bent their steps ; 

to them was the son of light 

himself as companion, 

tiU that they on Sodom's 

lofty walled city 

might look. 

TTiet/ saw in silver 

its halls towering, 

its palaces in ruddy gold. 

Began then the'Ruler of ^Aeskies, 
the Just, with Abraham to speak ; 
said to him no little discourse :— - 
* I in this city 
suddenly hear 
the uproar of sinners 
very loud, 

the ale-drunkards' vaunt, 
evil speech [walls ; 

the multitude having amid those 
verily of those impious are 
the public crimes heavy. 
I will now seek to know, 
parent of the Hebrews, 
what those men do ; 
if they so greatly 
commit sins, 

in practices and thoughts, 
as they perversely speak 
fraud and guile. 
That shaU avenge 
sulphur and swart flame, 



» That is, oj:ejililipan, per tmesin. — ^In the following line hlipan must be un- 
derstood, yinc, though signifying w'foer, seems to be the Ger. Zink, now applied 
to a different metal. 



146 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



j'^jie ^ jjumme. 
hdfc ■] haBffce. 
h8&i(num folce:- 

XXXV. 

Pejiaf bafnebon. 
pite-loccaf. 
pe^n unbep peallum* 
heojia pip pomeb. 
bupi'Sum plance* 
byuh&De ^ulbon* 
j<5b mib jnyjine- 
&6 f japta helm* 
lipep leoht-ppuma* 
lenj ne polbe. 
topn )?popi Jean- 
ne him fc6 penbe. 
pfci^m6b cynmj. 
ptjianje cpejen. 
dpap pine. 
pSL on sSpen-tib- 
piSe jepohfcon. 
poboma ceaptpe* 
hie ]7a Kt buph-^eate* 
beopn jemifcton. 
pylpne pttan- 
punu aponep. 
f J?am jleapan pepe. 
jeonje ]>uhcon* 
men pop hip e^jum- 
apdp )?a mecobej- J?eop 
japtnim cojednep. 
jpetan eobe. 
cuman cuShee. 
cynna jemunbe. 
pihc "3 jepipno. 



10 



sorely and grimly, 
heat and scorching^ 
[ 111 ] .on the heathen folk.' 



XXXV. 

The men awaited 

the bonds of punishment, 

woe 'mid their walls, 

their women also. 

Arrogant in prosperity, 

they paid to the Lord 

good with grudging, 

till that the Chief of spirits, 

the bright Source of life, 

longer would not 

suffer anger, 

but to them sent 

the stem-minded King 

two strong angels, 

his messengers, 

who, at even-tide, 

by journey sought 

Sodom's city. 

They then at the town-gate 
found the chief 
himself sitting, 
the son of Haran ; 
so that to the sagacious man 
they seemed young 
men before his eyes. 

Arose then the Lord's servant 
towards the spirits, 
went to greet 
the guests familiarly, 
minded of nations 
the right and fitting customs. 



20 



30 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE 



.:d*i 



147 



J J'am jimcum beab* 


and offered to the n^en 


nihfc-jieojimun je • 


nightly repast. 


him J?a nejijenbef . 


Him then the Preserver's 


aiSele aejienbjian* 


noble messengers 


anbjT^ajiobon. 


answered : — 


hapa ajina]7anc« 


* Have for the kindness thanks 


J?ajia ye J?u tine bube. 


which thou hast offered us ; 


pit be piyye ftpa^e. 

• 


we by this street 


ffcilleJ^enca'S. 


think tranquil 


j-j^lej- biban. 


10 to abide the time. 


ji'S'San funne ejX. 


when the sun again 


foji^ c6 mojijen. 


forth tomorrow 


metob tip fojJaet. 


[112] the Lord up shall lead/ 


"Sa to fdtum loth*. 

« 4(r « 


Then to his feet Lot 


f am peftum hnah. 


to the guests bowed. 


^ him jeojine beab* 


and them warmly offered 


jiefte "3 jepeopba. 


rest and refreshment. 


"J hif jiecebef hleop. 


and his dwelh'ng's shelter, 


T l^ejuunje. 


and his service. 


hie on J?anc cupon* 


ao They thankfully accepted 


ajiSehnjej- ept. 


the chieftain's bounty. 


eobon pona* 


went forthwith, 


fpa him ye ebpipca* 


as them the Hebrew 


eojil pipabe. 


earl directed. 


m imbeji ebojiap- 


in under his dwelling ; 


J^aep him pe ae'Sela jeap. 


where them the noble gave, 


jleap-pejih'S haele* 


the sag^ous man. 


jiept-h'Snyppe. 


entertainment 


paejpe on plette. 


fair, in his abode. 


cS ^ pop's jep^t. 


30 till that forth departed 


8§pen-pcima. 


the evening splendour. 


J>a com jeptep mht. 


When night came after. 


on lapt bjeje- 


following the day. 


laju-ptpeamap ppeah* 


covered the watery streams. 


^ The line i 


n alliteration with this is wanting. 


l2 





148 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



J?pyin mib J^yitpo* 

>irrer lifer- ' 

r^r T r^^ lanb- 

comon fobom-pape- 

jeonje ^ ealbe* 

jobe tinleope- 

copiSjium miclum* 

cuman dcpan- 

f hie belisepbon- 

hepjej' maejne- 

16fch mib jiefcum? 

heron laeban tit* * 

oj: ]?ain hean hope* 

hahje dpap* 

pepap to jepealbe- 

p6pbum cpa&bon* 

f mib }?am haele^um* 

haeman polben* 

tinpedmhce. 

djina ne jymben* [ ^^^ ] 

)?a ap^p hjiaiSe. 21 

peiSe opt pa&b onjeat. 

loth on pecebe. 

eobe lunjpe tit. 

pppa&c J?a opep ealle- 

ae^elmja jebpiht. 

punu dponep* 

pnytpa jemynbij- 

h6p pynbon inne. 

dnpemme tpa* 

bohtop mine* 

b6^ ppa ic eop bibbe. 

ne can ^^apa ibepa* 

opSep peta- 

)yuph jebebpcipe- 

beopna neape]*t* 



30 



their mass^ with the darkness 

of this life^ 

the seas and spacious land^ 

came the inhabitants of Sodom, 

young and old, 

hateful to God, 

in great multitudes, 

to demand the strangers ; 

80 that they beset, 

by power of their band. 

Lot with the guests ; 

bade him lead out, 

from the lofty dwelling, 

the holy messengers, 

the men into their power; 

said with words, 

that with the men 

they would have to do, 

shamelessly, — 

of decency they recked not. 

Then quickly rose 
he who counsel oft devised^ 
Lot in his habitation ; 
and went forthwith out. 
Then spake over all 
the assemblage of men 
the son of Haran, 
of prudence mindful :— 
* Here are within 
two unsullied 
daughters mine ; 
do as I pray you, 
(of those damsels knoweth not 
either yet, 
through marriage, 
men's intercourse,) 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



149 



10 



ic eop jylle ]?a. 

sSji je fceonbe- 

piiJ jefceapu pjiemmen* 

tinjipjie yjiel. 

ylba beapnum* 

ouf6^ }?aein jia&mnum* 

Iseta'S jrpiiS fijan*. 

pftaf mine* 

};a ic foji job pille. 

jemunbbyjiban* 

jip Ic m<5t poji eop. [ 1 14 ] 

him ^h peo maBnijeo* 

]?upli jems^ne pdjib* 

djileape cyn. 

anbppapobe* 

J?ip Janice's jejupne- 

•J juhfc micel* 

^ J?u iJe d pejuje. 

op J^ippe polc-pceape» 

J7U J?ap pep-iJeobe. 

pjxaeccan lapfce* 

ppeonba peapceapt. 

peoppan jepohfcepc. 

]7lne ]^eappenbe* 

pilfc iSu pp J?u mopfc. 

pepan uppep hep* 

albop-bema* 

leobum Mpeop* 

'pa ic on lothe jeppeepi« ao 

hK«ne hepe-mKcjap. 

hdnbum spipao- 

paum poknum- 

him pylpton peL 



20 



and eschew that sin. 

I will give you these, 

ere ye shame [petrate, 

against the commandments per- 

opprobrious evil, 

with the children of men. 

Receive the damsels ; 

let peace possess 

my guests, 

whom I before God will 

protect 

against you, if I may.' 

Him then the many, 
with common voice, 
the worthless race, 
answered :— 
^ This seemeth fitting 
and much right, 
that thou thyself for ever take 
from this people. 
Thou this nation, 
with exile step, 
destitute of friends, 
soughtest from far, 
thy needy oneSn 
Wilt thou, if thou may, 
be here our 
chief judge, 
a teacher to our people ? ' 

Then, I have learned, on Lot 
the heathen leaders 
seized with their hands, 
with hostile grasp. 
Him well supported 



* MS. and Junius iion* 



150 



C^DMON'S PARAWIRA8E. 



10 



[115] 



^ hine Of ^dmpa }?&• 

culndn £jipefte- 

clommum abpujbon- 

in unbeji ebopaf. 

"3 J^a opffclice. 

injiSL jehpilcum* 

ymbffcanbenbpa • 

jxAcey foboma- 

jcaeffce pojipfeon- 

heajiob-peiia. 

peap% eal hejie fona* 

bujih-papena blinb* 

abjiecan ne m^ihton* 

pe'Se mdbe. 

peceb a&pfceji pfCum. 

fpa hie punbebon. 

^c J?8ep pji6me ps^pon* 

jobep fpell-boban- 

hsepbe Jiffc* maejen- 

pci'Se ptpenjeo- 

ptypnbe ppi'Se- 

pepobe mib pite« 

fppaecon pdpbum }>a» 

paele ppeo'So-fcealcap • 

paejpe fc6 Idrfae • [ i 1^ ] 

pp J?u pinu aje- 

0*8^6 ppsepie maej- 

&S9e on l^ijjum polcum* 

pp6onb a&nipie* so 

e^c J?ipfum ibepum- 

J^e pe hep onphta'S* 

als6be op )>yn*® leob-bypij* 

]?a "Se leope pen- 



20 



his guests^ {ones* 

and him then from those furious 

(the righteous strangers) 

clutches drew, 

in under the dwelling, 

and then instantly, 

to every one 

of those standing around, 

of Sodom's folk, 

fast obstructed 

their power of sight, [semblage 

At once became the whole as- 
of citizens blind, 
they might not break, 
in savage mood, 
the house after the guests^ 
as they desired, 
for there were powerful 
God's messengers. 
The guests had force, 
rigid strength, 
much they chastised 
the multitude with pain. 

Spake then with words 
the faithful ministers 
fair to Lot : — 
' If thou have a son, 
or beloved kinsman , 
or, among these people, 
any friend, 
to these damsels also 
that we here behold, 
lead from this city 
those who are dear to thee. 



■ Xijt, if not an error for jiftaj , seems here to be used collectively : yet see 
Gen. xix. 18^ 19^ 21^ where the same confusion of number prevails. 



CJSDMON^S PARAPHRASE. 



151 



Ofej'fcum miclum* 
T J?in ealboji nejie- 
J?y laej' ]?u poppeoji'Se- 
mib yyypxm ps^ji-lojan- 
unc hit palbenb heh&« 
fop pejia fynnum. 
foboma ^ jomojijia. 
j-peajitan lije* 
pyjie jej-yllan. 
T J?af folc fledn. 
cynn on ceaffcjium. 
mib cpealm-]>jiea. 
^ hif fcopn ppecan • 
J?»jie tibe If. 
neah je^jiunjen. 
jepifc J?u nejijean )?in. 
peojih jiolb-peje- 
J?e If Fpea milbe*- 

^f ^f ^^ 



10 



[117] 



with utmost speedy 

and thy life save, 

lest thou perish 

with these false ones. 

Us hath the Lord commanded, 

for the men's sins, 

Sodom and Gomorrah 

to the swart flame, 

to the fire to give, 

and the folk to strike, 

the nation, in their cities, 

with deadly penalty, 

and his anger wreak. 

To that time it is 

nearly come. 

Go thou, to save thy 

life, on the earth's way,— 

to thee is the Lord kind.' 



«: 



XXXVL 

wr *^ ^Fr 

# ^ ^ 



^ 



^ 



him ]7a aebpe* 
loth anbfpapobe* 
ne maej ic mib ibefum- 
albop-nepe mine* 
j*pa peop heonon. 



XXXVL 



Them then straight 
20 Lot answered t-^- 

^ I cannot with the women 
my life's safety 
so far from hence, 



» Here a leaf has been cut out of the MS. containing the end of Canto XXXV. 
and the beginning of Canto XXXVI . 



152 



CJSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



peJSe-janje- 

fxSe jefecan- 

jfjC me pbb-lupan* 

"J pjieonhfcipe- 

jaejjie cy^$a1$. 

tjieope 'J bylbo* 

tilSiaS me- 

Ic y&c heah-buph- 

bep ine neab- 

lytle ceaftjie- 

lypalS me ]>»p« 

^pe ;] pefte. 

f pe aIbop-n^e« 

on ps^p tip- 

pecan mocen* 

PF P^ ^ jaqttn*. 

pypepilIalS- 

fteape pc^jranban* 

on ydspe fcope pe- 

jeponbe majon 

pselep blban- 

peopb ^enepi^an- 

bmi ysL ppeonbbce- 

enjlap dpja&ffce. 

anbpiapebon- 

)m fcealt yaspe bene- 

nu 'pn ymb ]?a bnpb pppycffc. 

ti^Sa peopiSan- 

ten; pecene t<5. 

]?am paejt:enne- 

pit 'pe ppiSe bealba'S- 

3 munbbypbe* 

ne moton pyt on pa^-lojum 

ppecan tdpn jobep. 

fpebban jynmj cynn. 

aep^on pu on paejop ]?m. 



10 



30 



by a pedestrian 
journey seek. 
Tou to me loFe 
and firiendship 
kindly sbow, 
faith and favour 
grant me : 
I know a lofty town 
here^ one nigh, 
a little city ; 
allow me there 
food and rest, 
that we an asylum 
up in Zoar 
may seek ; 
if ye that fastness 
will from fire, 
that lofty town^ protect, 
in that place we 
may safe 
a while abide, 
and our lives save.' 
Him then kindly 
th^ righteous angels 
answered : — 

^ Thou of that prayer shalt 
(now thou of that city speakest) 
be in possession : 
hasten forthwith to 
that fastness ; 
we in peace will hold thee, 
and in protection ; 
nor may we on the fEuthless 
wreak God's anger, 
sweep away the sinful race, 
ere that thou into thy Zoar 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



153 



[118] 



10 



beajin jeMbe. 

T bjiyb fomeb- 

^'a onette- . 

abjiahamef maej* 

t6 J?am f«jt:enne- 

fcSe ne fpajiobe. 

eopl mib ibepim- 

ac he OFffcum jroji*. 

lajraf lejbe- 

o^ f he jelaebbe- 

bjiyb mib beajinum- 

unbeji bujih-locan* 

m faejoji hiy 

^SL funne dp- 

polca Fpi'S-canbel* 

fuji'Sum eobe- [ 1 19 ] 

J7a ic fenban jefpaejn* 

fpejlef albop- 

fpefl op heopnum- 

^ fpeajitne lij. 

pejium to pite* 

peallenbe jiyji. 

J^«f hie on 8§p-ba^m« 

bpihten fcynbon- 

lan^e ]?jiaje. 

him >»r lean pojijealb. 

jaffca palbenb* 

5jidp heah-)7]iea« 

on hae'Sen-cynn* 

hlynn peaji'S on ceaptjium* ao 

cqun dpleania. 

q>ealmef on 6]ie« 

IdSan cynnef • 

li; eall jrojmdm* 



20 



hast thy children led^ 
and thy wife also/ 

Then hastened 
Abraham's kinsman 
to that fastness ; 
steps spared not 
the earl with the women, 
but, with utmost haste, he onward 
bent his course, 
till that he led 
his wife with the children, 
amid the city-barriers, 
into his Zoar, 
as the sun up, 
the life-candle* of nations, 
just had mounted. 

Then, I have learned, sent 
the Prince of the firmament 
sulphur from heaven, 
and swart flame, 
for punishment on those men, 
boiling fire ^ 

for that they, in former days, 
had vexed the Lord 
for a long season : 
for this paid them their reward 
. the Ruler of spirits, 
capital punishment seized 
on the heathen race ; 
din was in the cities, 
the cry of the dissolute 
at the point of death, 
of the loathed race : 
flame consumed all 



* j:jiitf b here again used for jreojih, as in jpjiiV-je^al, p. 69> !• 27* 



154 



CJSDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



f he jpenef ponb- 
jolb-bujijum in* 
j^ilce )7aep ymbtitaii* 
tinlytel ba61. 
fibpe polban* 
jeonbfenbeb p»j'« 
bpyne ^ bp<%an* 
beappa]^ pujibon* 
fco axan ^ to yj'lan- 
eop^an paBftmaf *• 
ejrne ppa pibe* 
ppa ^a pite-Mc« 
pe^e jepaehton. 
ptim lanb pejia- 
jTjiubeube pyji- 
ptedpej' ^ jedpep. 
ppojenbe popfpealh. 
eall eabop* 
f 6n foboma bypij- 
pecjap ah ton • 
^ on ^omoppa* 
eall f job ppilbe. 
ppea mib J^y polce* 
J?a f pyp-jebp^* 
leoba lip-jebfil. 
lochep jehypbe^ 
bpyb on bupjum* 
unbepbaec bepeah* 
pi^ )7aep pael-pyUep* 
up jeppitu j'ecja'S- 
f heo on peate-ptdnej-. 
j'ona pupbe- 
dnlicneppe. 
aeppe pi^^an- 



10 



20 



30 



that it found green 
in the golden cities. 

Thus there around, 
no small part 
of the wide land 
was overspread 
with burning and dismay; 
the groves became 
cinders and ashes^ 
and the fruits of earth : 
even as far 
as those inflictions 
dire extended^ 
men's spacious land 
the ravaging fire, 
up and around, * 
raging swallowed ; 
all dwellings 
that in Sodom-city 
men possessed, 
and in Gomorrah, 
all that God destroyed, 
the Lord, with the people. 

When that fire-crash, 
the death of nations, 
heard Lot's 
wife in the cities, 
she backward looked 
towards the fatal ruin. 
The Scriptures tell us 
that she into a salt-stone's 
likeness 

straight became. 
Ever since 



^ MS. and Junius j78ej'tma. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



155 



fe mon-llca* 

f If ma^pe fpell- 

ftnlle punobe- 

]»sji hie ft^an; bejeat* 

pibe ]?aep heo p6]ibum- 

pulbpep J^ejna- 

hyjian ne polbe* 

nti peeal heapb ^ pte^p* 

on ]7am picum* 

pyjibe biban* 

bpihfcnep btfmep. 

hponne bojopa pim* 

populb jeplte. 

^ ip punbpa pum- 

J^apa ^e jepophte. 

pulbpep albop :• [121] 



10 



XXXVIL 

Dim }7a abpaham jepdt. 
^a janjan* 
mib sSp-baeje. 
f he epfc* jepcdb. 
)7»p pdpbum 8&p- 
piiS hip palbenb pppaec. 
fp6b ppum-jdpa. 
he jepeah ppom polban* 
tip pibe pleojan. 
pael-jpimme p6c- 
hie J^aep plenco onptfb. 
-} pin-jebpync 
j) hie pipen-bsSba- 
fco ppece pupbon* 
pynna J^pipte- 
ydi opepjedton* 



the human image 

(that is an awfiil tale) 

hath continued stilly 

where her o'^took stem 

punishment^ for that she the words 

of the ministers of glory 

would not obey. 

Now hard and steep must she, 

in those places, 

her fate abide^ 

the Lord's doom^ 

when^ through number of days^ 

the world shall have passed away. 

That is one of the wonders^ 

of those which wrought 

the Prince of glory. 

XXXVIL 



Abraham then went 

journeying alone^ 

with early dawn, 
20 SO that he again stood 

where ere, in words, 

he with his Lord spake, - 

the sagacious patriarch. 

He saw from earth 

up widely fly 

the grim smoke of death. 

Pride had them so invaded, 

and wine-drinking, 

that they in wicked deeds 
30 were too audacious, 

daring in sins ; 

they in sooth forgot 



<^ MS. and Junius hejpt. 



156 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



bjiihfcnef bdmaf • 
"5 hpa him bujeiSa popjeap. 
blseb on bup^um* 
pop]7on him bpe^o eii^la* 
pylm-hiicne lij- 
fed pjiaece penbe. 
palbenb uppep- 
jemunbe ps^ppaept J^a- 
abpaham dphce* 
pj)a he opt; bybe- 
leopne mannan* 
loth jenepebe. 

m«5 }7«p o«per- 

}?a peo ma&ne^eo poppeap"?- 

ne boppfce J^a- 

bs6b-pdp hsele* 

pop ppean ejepan- 

on p3xn p8Bpt:enne> 

lenj eapbijean* 

Ac him loth ^epit- 

Of bypij janjan. [122] 

-} hip beapn pomeb- 

pael-pfcope pypp- 

pic pceapian* 

o^ ^ hie be hhiSe- 

heape btine« 

eop^-pcpaep ptinbon- 

J?8ep pe eabeja loth. 

pa&pp«pt pmiobe. 

palbenbe leop- 

baej-pimep popn- 

•5 hip bohfcop tpa* • [ 123 ] 



20 



30 



the Lord's judgments^ [perity 
and who had given them of pros- 
the fruit in their cities j 
therefore on them the Lord of an- 
buming hot -flame, [gels 

in vengeance^ sent. 

Our Lord, [membered 

observant of his compact, then re- 
Abraham faithfully, 
as he oft had done, 
the beloved man ; 
he preserved Lot, 
the other's kinsman, 
when the many perished. 

Might not then 
the man for deeds renowned, 
for fear of the Lord, 
in that fastness 
longer dwell ; 
but Lot departed, 
journeying from the city, 
and his children also, 
far from the fatal place, 
to seek a dwelling, 
till that they, by the slope 
of a high down, 
found an earth-cavern, 
where the blessed Lot, 
the righteous, dwelt, 
dear to the Lord, 
a number of days, 
and his daughters two. 



* 



^ * Here a leaf of the MS. has been cut out. 



CiEDMaN'S PARAPHRASE. 



157 



« * * 

» # « 

* # ♦ 

m M^ m 

>» * » 

* m i 
4^ » * 

hie bybon fpa bpuncnum** 

iff m # 

eobe feo ylbpe td. 

8&P on pejice- 

* >» » 

* » # 

heopa beja jaebeji. 
ne pifte blonbeii-}:eax- 

hponne him jzaemnan co- 

* » * 

bjiybe him bu paepon* 

» * 4(: 

on feph'S-copau* 
jaefte jeneappofc. 
mdbe -j jemynbe- 
f he mae^a p^. 
pine bptincen* 
;epltan ne meaht:e- 
ibepa pupbon eacne* 
eafopan bpohtan- 
pill-jeppeoptop . 
on populb punu- 
heopa ealban psebep* 
]7apa s&iSehn^a- 
mobep oiSepne- 
mo&b nembe- 
lofchep bohtep. 



they did as to one drunken^ 

went the eldest to 
ere on his couch 



the father of them both r 
the white-locked knew not 
when to him the damsels 

were both brides unto him^ 

in his soul's recess 

heavily oppressed^ 
10 in mind and memory ; 

so that he the maidens' comings 

with wine drunken, 

might not know. 
The damsels became quickened, 

brought offspring 

the sisters german, 

sons, into the world, 

to their old father. 
Of those youths, 
90 his mother the one 

called Moab, 

Lot's daughter. 



■ The defect both in sense and alliteration show that some lines have beeq 
omitted in this part of the MS. 



158 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



yeo on lipe pa&f . 
pintjium ylbpe. 
uf jepjutu fecjeaiS. 
jobcunbe b^c- 

hipe ^jen beapn* 
ammon hete- 
oj: J7am Hium-jipum. 
pole tinpim- 
fpympepte tpa. 
J^eoba apdcon* 
o^pe ]7a]ia maeySa. 
moabitape* 
eop^-buenbe. 
ealle hdta'S- 
pib-ma§pe cynn- 
oiSpe pepap nemna'8. 
ae'Selinja beapn- 
ainmomtape:- 



she who in life was 
in winters elder. 

ITie Scriptures tell us, 
the divine books, 
that the younger 
her own child 
[ 1 24 ] called Ammon • 

From those patriarchs 
people unnumbered, 
10 two renowned 
nations sprang. 
One of those tribes 
Moabites 

earth's inhabitants 
all name, 
a far-famed race ; 
the other people call, 
the children of men. 
Ammonites. 



XXXVIII. 

Irepdfc him 'pa, mib bpybe 
bpo'Sop ap6nep. 
unbep abimelech- 
aehfce Mban- 
mib hip hipum. 
haelcSum paejbe* 
^ pappa hij'. 
j-peoptop pa&pe- 
abpaham p6pbum» 
beaph hip albpe. 
py he pipt jeappe. 
f he plne-mdja- 
on poke lyt- 
ppeonba ha&pbe« 
J>a pe peoben hip« 



7CXXVIIL 

20 Departed then with his wife 

Haran's brother, 

under . Abimelech 

his wealth to lead, 

with his followers. 

He to the people said 

that Sarah his 

sister was. 

Abraham by those words 

saved his life ; 
30 for he knew well 

that he kinsmen 

among the people few, 
Jew friends had, 

Then the prince his 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



159 



J^ejnaf fenbe. servants sent, 

heht bjunjan to him felfum*- bade them bring to himself 



\?L paef ellJwH)bij» 
o^pe p^e. 
pip abjiahamef • 
pjiom pepe laebeb- 
on pjiembep paeiSm. 
hmi ]78ep jiylpte )7a» 
6ce bjuhcen. 
ppa he opt; by be* 
nejijenb uppep. 
com nihfcep pelp. 
)78ep pe palbenb laej. 
pine bpmicen. 
onjan ]7a p6^ cynmj 
J?uph ppepn^pecan. 
to )7am ae'Sehnje. 
^ him yjijie hpedp- 
J7U abpahamep. 
ibepe jendme^ 
bpybe aet beopne. 
\e abpejban pceal* 
pop )78epe baebe^ 
bea"? opbpeoptum. 
paple ]7ine. 
him pymbel-pepij. 
pynna bpytta**- 
)7uph pls&p dncpaeiS. 
hpaet ]7U s§ppe. 
enjla ]7eoben. 
]7uph )?in yppe pilt. 



Then was *mongst strangers, 
a second time, 
Abraham's wife 
led from her husband, 
to a stranger's bosom. 

Him then there supported 
the Lord eternal, 

10 as he oft had done ; 
our Preserver 
came himself by night, 
to where the sovereign lay, 
[ 125 ] drunken with wme. 

Began then the King of truth, 
through a dream, to speak 
to the prince, 

and angrily to him called : — 
' Thou Abraham's 

20 wife hast taken, 

his consort from the chieftain : 

from thee shall draw, 

for that deed, 

death from thy breast 

thy soul.' 

Him, with feasting weary, 
the dispenser of treasure 
in sleep addressed ;— 
* Wilt thou ever, 

30 Lord of angels ! 
through thine anger. 



^ One line, at least, is here wanting, containing the regimen of b/im^an ; viz. 
jrajijian (as required by the alliteration) and some other words. 

^ This is without doubt an error of the scribe for nncej- bjiytrta, by which 
title Abimelech is subsequently designated. See p. 165. line 6. 



160 



GADMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



albjie Is^tan* 
heah beheopian** 
'pmjie 'pe heji leopfS- 
jiihtum ]7eapum- 
biiS on jiaebe psft* 
mdb-2e]?ance* 
;j him miltye- 
fco J7e feceiS. 
me j^aejbe 86p» 
^ pip hipe. 
ptfpbmn pelpa- 
unpjiicjenbum- 
^ heo abpahamep- 
j^eoptop pj&pe. 
nsebbe ic pynne pi"? hie- 
pacna sm;- 
jeppemeb jena- 
hmi )7a 8&bpe ept- 
ece bpihten. 
p6?p«pt metob. 
]?uph ^ ppepn dncpseiS- 
ajlp abpahame- 
ibepe pine- 
pip to jepealbe. 
pp )7u on populbe lenj- 
se^elmja helm- 
albpep pecce- 
he ip j6b ;j ;leap- 
maej pelp pppecan*^- 
jepedn ppejl-cynmj- 



10 



90 



[126] 



30 



let a life, 

Supreme ! be cut off, . 
which here liveth 

with righteous manners, 

is in purpose firm 

in thought of mind, 

and, for itself, mercy 

at thee seeketh ? 

To me, a while since, said 

that woman by her 

words herself, 

not questioning^, 

that she Abraham's 

sister were ; 

1 have not sin with her, 
any wickedness, 

yet committed/ 

Him then straight again 
the Lord eternal, 
the just Creator, 

through the dream, addressed : — 
* Giye to Abraham 
his consort. 

Aw wife into his power, 
if thou in the world longer, 
chief of men, 
reck of life* 
He is good and wise, 
may himself speak withy 
see heaven's King, 



A MS. beheopian ; Junius beheopan : but the true reading is doubtless beheo- 
j?ian. See p. 163, line 21, where the phrase again occurs. The beginning of 
Abimelech's speech is obscure, and my translation, I fear, far from satisfactory. 

^ The words 'not questioning' are to be taken immediately after 'to me' three 
lines above. 

^ Between this and the preceding line there is no alliteration ; perhaps for jelj: 
we should read pitf 30b. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



161 



u> 



}m fpeltan j'cealt. 

mib yeo -j mib jieopme. 

jip "Su ]7am pjium-j^paii. 

bpybe pynneft. 

he abibban ma^;* 

pp he offfcum me- 

8§penba* pile. 

}?eapF«]t: ^ 5e]7ylbi7;. 

]7fn abeoban* 

^ ic J7e hjra. 

lipjenbum jiec 

on bapim Isece* 

buyij^a bptican* 

fincep jepinbne. 

|?a flape fcobjiaejb* 

fopht polcep peapb- 

heht him peti;ean td. 

fpjiecan pine- 

ppebum paejbe- 

eoplum abimeleh- 

ejepan je^peab- 

palbenbep pdpb. 

pepap him onbpebon- 

pop ]7aBpe bfi^be. 

bpihtnep hanba- 

ppenj aepfcep ppepne- [ 127 ] 

heht pylp cynmj- 

him ]7a abpaham td* 

opptum nudum* 

fa peopbobe- 

pice J^eoben- 

ma;o ebp6a^- 



20 



30 



thou shalt perish 

with thy goods and substance^ 

if thou to the patriarch 

his wife deny. 

He may by prayer obtain^ 

(if he to me speedily 

will thy errand^ 

upright and patient, 

prefer) 

that I thee comforts, 

yet living, 

will henceforth let, 

prosperity, enjoy, 

uninjured in thy wealth.* 

Then cast off sleep 
the affrighted nations' guardian 
bade to him fetch 
his counsellors, 
said with speed 
Abimelech to the earls, 
by fear tormented, 
the words of the Lord. 

27ie men dreaded, 
for that deed, 
of the Lord's hands 
the stroke, according to the dream. 

TTie king himself commanded 
Abraham then to him, 
with utmost speed. 
Then addressed 
the powerful prince, 
the parent of the Hebrews, 



* sjienba seems an error for sjienbe. 

^ The beginning of Abimelech's speech is wanting, as is apparent both from 
the context and the defect in the alliteration. 



162 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



J7»f J?u me pylle. 


^ that thou wilt to me 


p6pbum fecjean* 


say in words^ 


hu jepophte Ic J^aet* 


how I have that wrought^ 


piSiSan J?u upc unbep* 


(since thou among us. 


abjiaham )»ine* 


Abraham! 


on }?af eiSel-Cupp. 


into this country 


s&hta Isebbept:- 


hast led thy property,) 


^ J?u me )7Uf i7>i'8e. 


that thou for me thus cruelly 


feapo jienobejt:. 


hast laid a snare ? 


J7U ellj^eobij. 


10 Thou, a stranger. 


upc polbejtJ. 


wouldest us. 


on fippe polc-fceape* 


in this nation. 


jiacne bepyjipan- 


by fraud deceive. 


pynnum bepnltan- 


with sins defile ; 


paejbejt ptfjibum- 


saidst in words 


^ j'apjia )?!n* 


that Sarah thy 


ppeoptop pa&pe. 


sister were. 


llcep maftje. 


thy body*s kin ; 


polbept WiShce. 


wouldest hostilely. 


)mjih ^ pip on me. 


90 through that woman, on me 


ppohte alecjean* 


crime attach. 


ojimsete ypel. 


measureless evil. 


pe ]>e dpbce. 


We thee honourably 


jepeopmebon- 


entertained. 


^ 1^ ppeonbhce. 


and to thee kindly. 


on I^ippe pep-J?eobe. 


in this nation. 


pic jefca&hfcon- 


assigned a dwelling-place. 


lanb fco Lppum. 


land for comfort ; 


}?u up leanepfc nd. 


thou now requitest us 


tinppeonblice. 


so unkindly. 


pjiemena J^angapt. 


[ 128 ] for our benefits thankest/ 


XXXVIIll. 


XXXVIIll. 


7n)jiaham )»a- 


Abraham then 


anbppapobe« 


answered : — 


ne b^be ic pop pacne* 


^ I did it not for fraud. 



€^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



163 



ne pop jieonbfcipe. 

ne pop pihte* 

pmy ic J?e pean uiSe. 

&c ic me pimena balbop 

5u'S-b6pbej' ppenj. 

leob-majum peop. 

Idpe ^ebeaph* 

piSiSan m^ pe hal^a- 

op hyjibe ppean* 

minep paebep. 

pypn alfi&beb'* 

ic pela piS^an* 

polca jepohfce. 

pina uncuiSpa* 
^ ]7ip pip mib me- 
ppeonba peapceapfc* 

ic J7aej- izaepep £• 

on penum p»t- 

hponne me ppaiSpa pum- 

ell)?eobipie- 

albpe beheope- 

peSe him J^ap ibepe ept. 

£jan polbe- 

pop'8on ic pij-pmitSum- 

pdpbum pKjbe. 

^ pappa mfn- 

ppeoptop pj^pe. 

aejhpsep eopiSan* 

)?»p pit eapba leap- . 

mib pei-lanbmn^- 

pmnan pceolbon- 

ic f lice bpeah- 

on fyppe eiSyl-fcypp. 



w 



ao 



30 



[129] 



nor for enmity, 

nor for aught 

that I might give thee trouble ; 

but I myself, chief of men, 

brandisher of the shield, 

far from my countrymen, 

purposely preserved. 

After that m^ the Holy, 

from the family of the chief, 

my father, 

led of old, 

I since many 

nations have sought, 

men unknown, 

and this woman with me, 

destitute of friends. 

I on this journey ever 

in expectation set, 

when some enemy me, 

a stranger, 

might of life bereave, 

who for himself this woman filter 

would possess : 

therefore to the w^iors I 

said in words, 

that Sarah my 

sister were, 

in every place 

where we, of dwellings void, 

with hostile nations 

must contend. 

I the same did 

in this country. 



* Apparently an error of the scribe for alaebbe. 

^ Cum peregrina terra, vel peregrims terra incolis, contendere; maUm tatnen 
legere pea lant>um hoaiiU terra, a pea hostilia, — ^Lye. 

M 2 



164 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



J^eoben ms^pa- 
munbbJTibe jeceaf • 
ne paBf me on m6be cu^. 
hpaeiSep on J^yjyum folce- 
jijiean aelmihfcijef . 
ejefa ps&yie. 

m 

]7a ic h^ji a^pejtJ cdm- 

pop)7<5n ic J^ejnum- 

]?inum byjinbe. 

^ rylpum J?e- 

fpiiSoft micle- 

j-d^an fppaece- 

^ me fapjian- 

bpybe-lafte- 

bebb-pefte jeptdh. 

pB, on^hi abmiseleh- 

abjiaham fpi'San- 

populb-jeffcjieonmn • 

;j him hip pip ajeap • 

pealbe him fco bdce* 

J^aep )7e he hip bpyb jen&n- 

janjenbe peoh- 

•5 jlaeb peolpopr 

anbpeopc peop- [ 1 30 ] 

pppaec ]7a pdjibum eac- 

to abpahame* 

ae'Sehnja hehn* 

puna mib upc* 

^ ]7e pic jeceop- 30 

on ]7ippuin lanbe* 

I^aep ]?e leopopt yie* 

e^el-ptope. 

J7e 10 ^jan pceal« 



20 



after I thy, 

O great prince ! 

protection chose. 

To me in mind it was not known, 

whether, among this folk, 

of the Lord Almighty . 

there were dread, 

when I here first came j 

therefore I from thy 

servants hid, 

and from thee thyself, 

most of all, 

true speech, 

that to me Sarah 

with footstep conjugal 

mounted the couch of rest/ 

Then began. Abimelech 
Abraham to load 
with worldly treasures, 
and to him his wife restored ; 
gave him to boot 
(because he had taken his wife) 
live stock, 
and shining silver, 
substance of money. 

Spake then eke in words 
to Abraham 
the chief of men : — 
' Dwell with us, 
and choose thee a habitation 
in this land, [thee, 

where it may be most pleasing to 
a dwelling-place 
which I shall give thee. 



a Probably an error of the scribe for fine. 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



165 



pef uj- jzaefe jijieonb* 

pe "Se peoh j-ylla'S- 

cpse^ )?a epc pa'Se* 

cSpe pdpbe* 

to pappan* 

pincep bpytta. 

ne ]7eapp "Se on ebpit. 

abjiaham petl:an* 

'Bin fpea bjiihfcea- 

f pM pletc-paiSap*. 

mse; aelp-pcieno* 

mine tjisebe* 

ic him hyje-fceonan. 

hpitan peolppe. 

beope befce. 

ne ceapa mcit bujuiSa* 

op ^lyye e'Syl-typp. 

ellop pecan- 

plnap uncu*8e- 

&c puniaiS hep* 

abpaham ppemebe* 

ppa hme hip albop heht* 

onpenj ppeonbpcipe- 

be ppean hs&pe- 

lupum -} hppum- 

he paep leop jobe- 

pop'Son he pibbet 

jepaehj bpeah- 

T hip pcippenbe**- [ ^31 ] 

imbep pceabe jepop* 

hleop-peiSpum ]7eaht:« 

hep }?enben hpbe- 



10 



^ 



30 



Be to us a faithful friend, 
we will give thee wealth/ 

Spake then again quickly 
other words 
to Sarah 

the dispenser of treasure : — 
' Need not to thee in reproach 
Abraham attach, 
thy lord, 

that thou my pavilion, 
woman elfin-fair ! 
hast trodden ; 
for to him the injury, 
with white silver, 
/will w^ repair. 
Care ye not friends, 
out of this country, 
elsewhere to seek, 
men unknown, 
but dwell here.* 

Abraham acted 
as him his chief commanded, 
began friendship, 
at the Lord's behest, 
with love and good-will. 
He was dear to God, 
therefore he in peace 
happy lived, 
and imder his Creator's 
shadow journeyed, 
decked with his guardian-wings, 
here while he lived. 



^ I am not aware of the occurrence of this word elsewhere : my interpretation 
is conjectural. 

^ My translation of this line is made under the supposition that for jcippenbc 
we shguld jread jcippenbej-,. 



166 



CiEDMON'B PARAPHRASE. 



10 



J>a jien fssy fpjie- 
30b abimelehe* 

J^e he yr& j*appai> 

^ piiS abjiahame* 

iSp jepjiemebe* 

J^a he ;ebs§lbe* 

him beope tpa* 

pif 3 pa&pneb. 

he J78ej' peopc jeUeitr* 

fpecne pite- 

He meahton j^jieo ne J?eope- 

heopa bpejo-peapbap- 

beapnum ^^an* 

mon-pim maejeS- 

&c him f met:ob jiopftdb- 

o^ f ye halja* 

hip hlapopbe- 

abpaham onjan* 

£ppa bibban* 

ecne bjuhfcen- 

him enjla helm- 

jetijSobe' 

tubbop-fpeb ohiedc- 

polc-cynmje* 

ppeopa 3 J^eoppa- 

pepa ^ pipa- 

let peaxan epfc. 

heopa pim-jeteL 

pobopa palbenb. so 

eab 3 sehta- 

a&lmihfcij peap'8* 

milbe on mdbe. 

mon-cynnep peapb. 

abimeleche* 

ppa hme abpaham baeb. [132] 



20 



Then again was angry 
God with Abimelech^ 
for the sin 

that he against Sarah^ 
and against Abraham^ 
ere committed^ 
when he separated 
two to him dear, 
female and male. 
He for this got pain^ 
perilous torment : 
might not free nor servile 
their lords 
with children gift, 
numerous progeny ; 
for that the Lord hindered to them, 
till that the holy, 
for his chief, 
Abraham, began 
to pray for power, 
the Lord eternal. 
To Uim the Chief of angels 
it granted, 

the procreative power unlocked, 
for the king of nations, 
of free and servile, 
men and women ; 
let wax again 
their ililniber, 
the heavens' Ruler, 
their happiness and wealth. 
27ie Almighty became 
mild in mood, 
the Guardian of mankind, 
to Abimelech, 
as Abraham had prayed him. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



167 



%a com pejian- 

ppea a&lmihti;* 

fco fajipai* 

n>a he relj: jecpae*. 

palbenb ujjep. 

hsBfbe pdpb-beoc. 

leopim jetefteb. 

Kpef albop* 

eajiopan 3 ibefe. 

abjiahame p<5c« 10 

beajin op bpybe* 

]?one bpejo en^la- 

8&J1 Vy majo-cubpe^ 

moboji ps^pe* 

eacen be eojile* 

ipd£c nembe. 

hine abpaham on- 

hip d^ene hanb- 

beaceu pefcte- 

fpa him bebeab metob* 20 

pulbop-fcopht ymb pucan« 

]78ep ]7e hme on populb* 

to mon-cynne- 

mobop bpohfce:* 

XL. 

Cniht peox 3 J^aj. 

ppa hmi cynbe p«pon. 

aeiSele ppom ylbpmn- 

abpaham h»pbe* 

pmtpa hunb teonti;* 

]7a hmi pip punu* ao 

on J^anc ^ebsep* 

he ]?»p "Spaje bfib» 

piiStian him s&pepc. 

]?uph hip ajen p6pb. [ 1 33 ] 



Then came 
the Lord Almighty 
to Sarah, 

as he himself had said ; 
our Ruler 
had his promise 

to those beloved oTies performed^ 
the Prince of life, 
to the man and woman. 

To Abraham was bom 
a child, from his wife, 
whom the Lord of angels, 
ere that with progeny 
the mother were 
by the earl quickened, 
Isaac named. 
On him Abraham, 
with his own hand, 
set a sign, 

as him bade the Creator, 
glory bright, after a week, 
from when that him into Me world, 
among mankind, 
his mother brought. 

XL. 

TTie boy waxed and thrived, 
as to him was natural, 
congenial from his parents. 

Abraham had 
a hundred winters, 
when to him his wife a son 
gratefully bare. 

He for this had a while waited, 
since that to him first, 
through his own word, 



168 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



10 



]7one bse; pillan. 
bjuhten bobobe- 
}?a feo pyjib jepeaji'S. 

jzop abjiahame* 

ifmael pieman- 

^Bdji bie aefc J7>8afenbiim* 

yBdton btitd* 

hah; on hi^e* 

'] heojia bipan eall- 

bjiuncon ^ bpymbon* 

]?a q)»% bjiihdecu mae;* 

bjiyb fco beojine- 

poppF ^^ ^^9-5* peajib. 

min J7»r fpea* 

hafcp'8'8an*- 

d^ap ellop- 

3 ifmaeL 

Iseban mib hie* 

ne beoiS pe lenj pomeb- 

pillum mlnum* 

•pf ic pealban rndt- 

naayjie ipmael* 

PI'S ipSce- 

PI'S min &^en beajin* 

yjipe bfi^lcS. 

on lapfce 'pe* 

]?onne ]7U op lice* 

alboj\ apenbept. [ 134 ] 

pB. psep abjiahame » 

peopce on mdbe. 

f he on ppac bpipe. 

hip pelpep pimu. 

]7a com pd'S metob* 



20 



30 



that day of desire 

the Lord had announced. 

Then was the hap, 
that that woman saw^ 
before Abraham^ 
Ishmael playing, 
where they at meat 
both sat, 
holy in mind, 
and all their domestics 
drank and rejoiced : 
then ssdd his lofty mate, 
his wife, to the chief: — 
^ Grant me, guardian of bracelets^ 
my dear lord, 
bid go 

Hagar elsewhere, 
and Ishmael 
with her lead t 

we will not longer be together, 
with my will. 
If I may sway, 
never Ishmael 
with Isaac, 
with my own child, 
shall share the heritage 
after thee, 

when thou from thy body 
sendest life/ 

Then was to Abraham 
grief in mind, 

that into exile he must drive 
his own son. 
Then came the Lord of truths 



* Apparently an error for f i^ian. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



169 



}:peom on piltum* 
pij-fce pejih* piman. 
ceapum on clommum* 
cyninj enjla fpjiaec» 
to abjiahame* 
6ce bjuhten* 
Iset 'pe a];lupan* 
fojije op bpeoftum- 
in6b-;;epmnan* 
3 maBjeiS hijie* 
bpybe J^inpe. 
hdfc bdcti apej. 
ajdp pepan* 
3 ipmael. 
cmht op cyiSiSe* 
ic hip cynn jebo- 
bji^b 3 bpepne. 
beajina tubpe* 
pa&ptmum ppebij. 
ppa ic J>e pdpbum jehet- 
]?a pe pep hypbe- 
hip palbenbe. 
bpdp op picum- 
bpeopij-mdb fcti. 
ibepe op eapbe. 
^ hip djen beapii^* 



the Powerful^ to his aid ; 

he knew the man's soul 

fettered with cares. 

27ie King of angels spake 

to Abraham^ 

the eternal Lord : — 

^ Let from thee slip 

sorrow from thy breast^ 

mental strife^ 
10 and thy mate obey^ 

thy wife : 

order both away 

to go^ Hagar 

and Ishmael^ . 

fhe boy from the country : 

I will make his race 

wide- spread and potent^ 

in its progeny of children^ 

in offsprings abundant^ 
20 as by my words I promised thee.* 
Then the man obeyed 

his Sovereign, 

drove from his dwellings 

the two sad of mind, 

the woman from his habitation, . 

an4his own child. 



« 



m 



^ Here a leaf has been cut out of the MS. What follows is the speech of 
Abimelech to Abraham, the begixming of which is wanting* 



170 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE* 



* # # 

* * * 

* * « 



n 



j-peofcol If ^ jefene. [ 135 ] 

f J>e fd'S metob* 

on jep'S'Se if • 

fpejlef alboji* 

fe'Se fijop f ale's. 

fnytpum mihtum* 

^ J>in m6b tpyme?- 

^obcunbum ppim* 

fojiiSon.^e jiena fpeop. 

]?aef )?u PI'S fjieonb o'S'Se peotib* 

Fjiemman onjunne. 

pdiibum o'SSe bs^bum* 

palbenb fcupe'B. 

ppea poji'S-pejaf • 

polmum finum* 

pillan }?inne- 

f If pibe cu^S* 

bujih-pttenbum • 

ic pe bibbe nu* 

pine ebpea- 

p6jibum mlnum- 

f 'Su fcil-mdbij. 

fcjieopa felle. 

p£6jia }?ma* 

f )?u pille me. 

pepan p«le pjieonb. 

ppemena to leane* 

)?ajia }>e ic to bupi'Sum* 

^e jebdn ha&bbe* 

fi^^an J>u peafceaj;t. 



90 



30 



* manifest it is and seen^ 

that to thee the Lord of truth 

is as a companion^ 

Mtf Prince of the skies^ 

who giveth victory, 

through his sapient powers, 

and strengtheneth thy mind 

with gifts divine ; [still 

therefore to thee hath prospered 

what thou, with friend or foe, 

hast to accomplish sought, 

by words or deeds. 

The Powerful forwardeth, 

Mtf Lord, thy goings forth, 

with his hands, 

thy will; 

that is widely known 

to the city-dwellers. 

I pray thee now, 

O man of the Hebrews, 

by my words, 

that thou of disposition good 

give me a pledge 

of thy covenant, 

that thou wilt to me 

be a faithful friend, 

in requital of the kindnesses 

which I, for thy benefit, 

have done to thee, 

since that thou destitute 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



171 



feojijisn c6me* 

on f af pep-J>eobe« 

pjiaeccan lafte* 

"gylb me mib hylbo* 

f ic ]fe hneap ne psep • 

lanbep ^ lippa- 

pep J?ippum leobum n6« 

;j maejbujije. 

minjie djijisBpc. 

jip J>e alpalba* 

tipe bjuhfcen. 

pcijuan pille* 

pe'Se jepceapu healbe'S*< 

f yvL panb-pijum. 

ptunoji m<5te- 

on iSippe polc-pceajie. 

jipastpa bs^lan* 

mobi^a jepcjiedn. 

nxeapce petfcan. 

"Sa abjiaham* 

abunelehe* 

paSjie pealbe. 

f he polbe rpa:- 



[136] 



10 



90 



from afar earnest^ 
into this comitry, 
with exile step. 
Pay me with affection^ 
for that I was not sparing to thee 
of land and favours } 
be to these people now^ 
and to my 
kindred^ faithful ; 
if the All-powerful to thee, 
our Lord, 
wiU grant, 

who holdeth the world's destinies,, 
that thou to the shielded warriors 
bounteously may, 
among this people, 
ornaments distribute, 
rewards of the bold, 
a land-mark set/ 
Then Abraham 
to Abimelech 
gave his covenant 
that he so would. 



XLI. 

Si'S'San p»p pe eabeja. 

eapopa J?dpep. 

m phptea* 

polce eapbpaepfc. 

leob ebpea- 

lan^e J^i^je. 

peapceapfc mib j.-jiembum. 

hmi Fpea enjla. 

pic jetaehte. 



30 



XLI. 

Then was the blessed 

son of Terah 

in the Philistines' 

nation settled, 

the Hebrews* prince, 

a long season, 

poor with straiigers. 

To him the Lord of angels 

assigned a dwelling, 



^ From this line to the end of the canto the sense seems very obscure. 



172 



CiBDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



Jwji pejiaf hard's* 

bujih-pttenbe. 

bejifabea lonb*- 

l^aeji fe hal^a* 

heah fteap peceb. 

bujih timbjiebe- 

^ beapo fefcte. 

peo-bebb pojihte* 

^ hif palbenbe- 

on J?8em jlseb-ftebe. 

jilb onfs^be- 

Mc jeneahe- 

f am J>e lip pojijeap* 

jepSlijlic. 

jT^ejle unbep. 

I^a ]wf pincej- . 

fe pica onjdn* 

cymnj coffcijan. 

cunnobe jeopne- 

hpilc J?8ef ae'Selinjef . 

ellen pa&pe* 

ffci'Sum p<>pbum. 

pppsBC him ftepne fc<5* 

jeplfc J?u opefthce- 

abpaham pepan* 

lajt;af lecjan* 

^ )^e Is&be mib- 

)?in djen beapn* 

Jni fcealc ifddc me- 

onfecjan funu ^inne. 

jylp to dbpe- 

fi'S'San J?u jeffcijeft. 

jteape btine. 

h]imc5 J?aef hean Idnbef < 



where men call, 

the city-dwellers, 

^Ae land of Bersheba, 

There the holy man 
[ 1 37 ] a high steep dwelling, 

a town, built, 

and set a grove, 

an altar wrought, 

and to his Sovereign, 
10 on the ember-place, 

an offering dedicated, 

a gift sufEicient, 

to him who life him gave^ 

happy 

under heaven. 
Then the chief 

began the powerful 

King to tempt, 

earnestly proved 
20 what the man's 

fortitude were : 

with words austere, 

hewith Aif voice addressed him :- 

' 6o thou, with utmost haste, 

Abraham, journeying, 

set thy steps, 

and mth thee lead 

thine own child. 

Thou shalt Isaac to me 
30 sacrifice, thy son, 

thyself, as an offerings 

after thou mountest 

the steep downs, 

{the ring of the high l^d, 



^ MS. and Junius lono. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



in 



10 



J>e ic J?e heonon jets&ce. 

up ]?inum dpiutn pdtum* 

J>a&p J>u f cealfc db jeja&jipan. [1 38] 

ba^l-pyji beapne }>lnum' 

3 bldtan jylp. 

piDu mib j^eopbef ecje. 

3 J?onne fpeaptan lije. 

leopef lie jiojibaejinan* 

•J me Idc bebeoban* 

ne popfaBfc he J?y p'Se. 

&c fona onjaim* 

j-yj-an to j:<5jie. 

him paep jrjiean* enjla* 

p6pb onbpyjTie. 

;3 hlf palbenb** leop. 

]?a pe eabja- 

abpaham pine- 
mht-pepfce opjeap. 

nallep nejijenbep. 

haepe pi'Shojobe- 

Ac hme pe halja peji- 

jyjibe jjiaejan ppeopbe- 

cyiSbe f him japfca peapbep 

ejepa on bpeoptum punobe. 

on;an J>a hip epolap bs^tan- 

jamol-pejihiS jolbej' bpytta 

heht hme jeonje tpejen- 

men mib piSian. 

ms&j paep hip ajen J^pibba- 

T he Feop«a pylp. 

|?a he pdp jepdt. 

pjiom hip d^enum hope. [139] 

ipddc la&ban. 

beajm dnpeaxen* 



20 



30 



which I from hence will show thee,) 
up with thine own feet ; 
there thou shalt prepare a pile, 
a bale-fire, for thy child, 
and thyself sacrifice 
thy son, with the sword's edge, 
and then, with swart flame, 
bum the beloved's body^ \ 
and offer it to me a gift/ 

He delayed not the journey 
but soon began 
to hasten for the way. 
To him was the Lord of angels* 
word terrific, 
and his Sovereign dear. 
Then the blessed 
Abraham his 
night-rest gave up, 
the Preserver's 
behest despised not, 
but him the holy man 
girded with a gray sword, 
showed that of the Guardian of 
dread in his breast dwelt, [spirits. 
Began then his asses to saddle 
the sage dispenser of gold, 
bade him two young 
men accompany, 
his own son was the third, 
and he the fourth himself* 
Then he hastily departed, 
from his own house, 
leading Isaac, 
a child unwaxen. 



a MS. and Junius ppea. 



^ MS. and Junius palbenbe. 



174 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fpa him bebelib metob* 

effte J7a ppiSe- 

^ onett^e- 

pop's polb-peje. 

jyi, him pjiea taehte* 

pejar ofcfp peften. 

0*8 ^ pulbop-fcojiht* 

baejef }?jubban* 

up opep beop psstep* 

tfpb» ap^mbe* 

J>a pe eabeja pep. 

jepeah hhp^an* 

hed btine* 

ppa him paejbe s&p. 

ppejlep albop* 

«a abpaham ppp»c. 

to hip ombihtum- 

pmcap mine. 

pepta* mcit h^p. 

on fippum plcum* 

pic epc cmna«. 

p^iSan pic s&penbe. 

ttncep Cpeja. 

japc-cymnje. 

appen habba'Sy 

jepdfc him J>a pe ae'Sehn;< 

^ hip djen punu. 

Co J^aep jemeapcep. 

'pe him mecob Ca&hce* 

paban opep pealbap* 

pubu bs&p pmiu. 

paebep pyp 3 ppeopb. 

"Sa J>aep ppicjean onjann* 

pep pmcpum jeonj- 



as him the Lord had bidden ; 

hastened then much^ 

and speeded 

forth on the earth's way^ 

as him the Lord had taught^ 

the ways over the desert^ 

till that in glory-bright^ 

of the third day, 

up over the deep water 
10 the morn arose. 

Then the blessed man 

saw towering 

the high downs^ 

as to him ere had said 

the Prince of heaven. 

Then Abraham spake 

to his servants : 

^ My men, 

rest yourselves here, 
70 in these places ; 

we will come again, 

after that we the errand 

of us two, 

to the King of spirits 

have performed.' 
Departed th^n the man 

and his own son, 

to the limit 

which him the Lord had shown, 
30 passing over the wealds : 

the son bare wood, 

the father, fire and sword. 
Then this began to ask 

the man in winters young, 



Literally^ the beginning, point. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



175 



p<5jibum ab]iaham* 

pit hep ffji 3 rpeojib. [ 140 ] 

pjiea min habba'S* 

hpa&ji ip f fcibep. 

f J>u tojihfc-job©. 

to ]?api bpyue-pelbe* 

bjiin;;an ]?encept» 

abpaham maiSelobe- 

haepbe on in jehojob- 

f he jebs^be- 10 

ppa hine biuhten hefc. 

him f PC'S cynmj» 

pylpa pmbe'S- 

mon-cynnep peapb* 

ppahimjemetJ^inceiS. 

jepfcah fa pfci'S-hybij. 

pfceape btine* 

dp mib hip eapojian* 

ppa him pe eca bebeab» 

f he on hpdpe jepfc<5b« ao 

hedn lanbep.* 



Abraham with words :— 

^ We here fire and a sword 

have, my lord ! 

where is the gift 

that thou to the bright God^ 

for the burnt sacrifice, 

thinkest to bring ?' 

Abraham spake:-— 
(he had ever studied 
that he might do, 
as him the Lord commanded,) 
^ That Mc King of truth 
for himself will find, 
the Guardian of mankind, 
as to him seemeth meet/ 

Mounted then the inflexible 
the steep downs, 

up with his son, [ed, 

as him the Eternal had command-*^ 
so that on the roof he stood 
of the high land, 



on ]78&pe "pe him pe |t;pan;;a td 

pa&ppaepfc mefcob. 

p6pbum tashte* 

onjan }?a ^b hldban* 

aeleb peccan* 

^ jepefcepobe. 

p6fc ^ honba* 

beajme pfnum* 

^ ]?a on bs^l £hdp. 

ipddc jeonjne. 

T J>a 8ebpe jejpdp. 



30 



on that which to him the Powerful, 
the righteous Creator, 
had pointed out by words. 

Began then the pile to load, 
fire awaken, 
and fettered 
the feet and hands 
of his child, 

and then on the pile hove 
young Isaac, 
and then hastily griped 



A Here a line is wanting, containing the alliterative word or words to jvpanja^ 
also the antecedent to the feminine relative >8epe. 



176 



c^DMON's paraphrase:. 



10 



fpeojib be ^ehiltum- 

polbe hif pinu q^ellan* 

polmuin flnum* 

pyjie j^encan- 

ma&jef bjieojie. 

|?a metobef "Sejn- [ 141 ] 

upan enjla y^m* 

abjiaham hltibe* 

jt^epne cyjbe. 

he ftille jebdb. 

tfpef fpjiaece. 

^ l^am enjle oncpse'S* 

him ]7a opftnim t6- 

upan op yiobepum- 

pulbop- jaffc jobef* 

pdjibum ma&Ibe- 

abjiaham leojia* 

ne fleah J^in £jen beajin* 

ac J>u q>icne abpejb. 

cmht: op dbe- 20 

eapojian ]7inne* 

him dn pulbpep job* 

majo ebpea* 

fu mebum pcealfc. 

J>ujih |?a&r haljan hdnb* 

heopon-cyninjep. - 

pdiSum pjoji-leanum* 

pelpa onpdn- 

pnpaeptum ppum- 

pe pile japfca.peajib. 30 

hfpum jylban* 

f J>e paep leoppa hip- 

pbb 3 hylbo* 

)?onne J>in pylpep beajin- 

&h ptdb ona&leb. 

haepbe abjiahame* 



the sword by the hilt 5 
would kill his son 
with his hands^ 
the fire quench 
with the youth^s gore. 

Then the Lord's minister, 
an angel from above, 
Abraham loudly 
called with voice* 
He still awaited 
the speech of the messenger, 
and to the angel spake. 

To him then quickly, 
from the firmament above, 
the glory-spirit of God 
spake in words : — 
* Beloved Abraham I 
slay not thine own child, 
but take thou alive 
the boy from the pile, 
thy son ; 

him the God of glory favoureth. 
Parent of the Hebrews ! 
thou shalt meeds, 
through the hand of the holy 
King of heaven, 
true rewards of triumph, 
thyself receive, 
ample lasting gifts t 
thee will the Guardian of spirits 
requite with favours, 
for that to thee was dearer his 
peace and grace, 
than thine own child.' 

The pile stood on fire, 
had Abraham's 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



177 



10 



xnetob mon-cynnep^ 

ma^e lofchef . • 

bpeoft jeblijjab. 

}?a he him hif beajin popjeap. 

ifddc qjicne. 

•8a fe eabeja bepMt;* [ 142 ] 

pine o}:ep exle. 

-] him j7aBp p<5m jefeah- 

impeop ]7anon* 

s§nne ptanban* 

bpo'Sop aponef . 

bpembpum paeffcne. 

]7one abpaham jenam* 

3 hme on ib ahdj:* 

ojieffcum miclum* 

pop hif djen beapn* 

abpa&jb ]7a nub ]?y bille- 

bpyne-pelb onhpeab. 

peccenbne pej. 

pommef bl<5be* 

onbleot f Uc jobe* 

fae^^^ leana )?anc* 

^ ealpa }>apa- 

J>e him p^S *] sSp' 

jipena bpihten* 

popppen ha&pbe:- 



XLIL 

J>p8efc p6 peop *] neah< 

S^H^S^^ haba'S* 
opep mibban-jeapb* 
moypep bdmap- 
ppaechco popb-piht. 
pepa cneopippum. * 
in up-pobop. 
eabi^a ^ehpam* 

N 



ao 



[143] 



30 



the Creator of mankind 

Lot's kinsman's 

bosom blessed^ 

when he to him his child restored, 

Isaac alive. 

Then looked the happy 

man over his shoulder^ 

and there saw a ram^ 

not far from thence, 

one standing, 

(Haran's brother,) 

in the brambles fast, 

which Abraham took, 

and on the pile it raised, 

with utmost haste, 

for his own child, [chion drew, 

then, at the same time, his faul- 

the burnt-offering prepared, 

raised it reeking 

with the ram's blood, 

sacrificed the gift to God, 

said thanks for the rewards, 

and for all those 

(which to him late and ere) 

gifts the Lord 

had given him. 

XLII. 

Lo ! we far and near 
have heard of, • 
throughout mid-earth, 
the decrees of Moses ; 
(a wondrous oral law 
to the tribes of men ; 
in the firmament above, 
to every one of the blessed. 



178 



CiKDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



depceji bealu p5e» 
b<5ce Kpef • 
hpjenbjia ;;ehpam- 
lanjp:imiie p^. 
h»Ie«um recjan. 
jehyjie feiSe pille* 
]7one on peftenne- 
pepoba* bjuhten. 
fd'SpsBft cynmj. 

mib hif jylper- 
miht jepyji'Sob^- 

3 him punbjia pela* 

ece alpalba* 

in aeht fop^eaj:- 

he psep leop jobe* 

leoba albop* 

hoppc 3 hjieiSeji-jleap. 

hejijep pipa. 

pjieom polc-fcoja* 

papadnej' cyn- 

jobep anbpacan**- 

jyjib-pite bapb* 

}7a&ji him jepealbe. 

jijojia palbenb* 

mdbjum majo-jiaeppum' 

hip mdja peoph* 

on pfpfc e'Slep- 

abpahamep puhum> 

heah psep ^ hanb~le^n« 

^ him holb pjiea. 

jepealbe ps&pna jepealb. 

PI'S ppaiSpa spype- 

opepcom mib ^f campe* 

cneo-m^ja pela* 



10 



20 



30 



after their adverse lot^ 

life's recompense^ . 

to each one living :•— 

a long narration^ 

to rehearse to men ;-r* 

let him hear who wiU :) 

whom in the waste 

the Lord of hosts^ 

the just King^ 

with his own 

power honoured^ . 

and to him wonders maiiy, 

the Supreme eternal^ 

in possession gave. 

He was dear to Grod^ 

the people's prince^. 

a bold and prudent 

leader of the multitude, 

a valiant general. 

The race of Pharaoh, 

the denier of God, 

he by pain of hi» rod restrained, 

where to him entrusted 

the Lord of triumphs 

(to the bold leaders) 

the lives of his kind)red> 

into the abundance of the land, 

(to the sons of Abraham.) 

High was the reward> 

and the Lord gracioua to him ; 

he gave him power of arms 

against the fear of foes,. 

with which in fight he overcame 

of many tribes . 



MS. and Jtmius pejiobe. 



^ MS. and Junius anbj-aca. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



179 



jzeonba* folc-juhfc- 


of enemies the liberties**. 


"Sa paef pojima fi'8. 


Then was the first tirne 


f hme pepoba job- 


that him the God of hosts 


p6jibum n»jbe<^- 


afpproached with words. 


pss[i he him jej'ajj>)e« 


when he to him said 


pdiS-punbpa pela- 


many true wonders ; — 


hu l^af pojiulb pojibte- 


how this world wrought 


pifcij bjiihten*. 


the sagacious Lord, 


eopiSan ymbhpyjijrt. 


the orb of earth 


*] tip-jiobop« 


10 and firmament above 


jepecfce pje jiice» 


established, in triumph powerful. 


3 hip pylpep naman* 


and his own name,. 


•Rone ylbo beapn* 


which the sons of men 


8§p ne cti'Son- 


ere knew not. 


Fjidb paebejia cyn- 


the race of ancient fathers, 


]?eah hie pela pipfcon* 


though many things they knew. 


haepbe he )?a jeppiiSeb. 


He had then str^igthened 


pdiSum cpseptnim- 


with true powers. 


3 jepup'Sobne* 


and honoured. 


pepobep albop* 


[ I** ] the prince of the multitude, 


papadnep peoab- 


21 Pharaoh's foe. 


on popiS-pejap. 


in his onward course. 


J>a pa&p injepe. 


Then was of old. 


ealbufn picum* 


with its ancient wise. 


bea'Se jebpenceb* 


drenched with death 


bpihfc-polca meepfc* 


the greatest of nations. 


hopb-peapba hpJTie. 


At the fall of the treasure- wards 


heap pa&p jenipab. 


was their wail renewed. 


ppaepon pele Jjpeamap. 


slept their many joys. 


pnce bejiopene* 


30 of treasure reft. 


haepbe m&n-pcea'San* 


He had of the sinful. 


set mibbepe nihc- 


at midnight. 


pjiecne jepylleb. 


woefully felled 



* In MS. and Junius peonba is repeated. ^ Literally, the folhright, 
*^ nse^an, poetice, ut videtur, pro hni^an. — Lye, 

N 2 



180 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fjium-beajina pela* 
abjiocene bujih-peapbaf • 
bana pibe pqia'S* 
WS leob-hata* 
lanb bjiyjimybe- 
beabjia hjispum* 
bujolS pojilS jepfc. 
p6p paep pibe- 
populb-bpedma lyt. 
ps&jion hleahtoji-pmi'Sum 
kanba belocene* 
alypeb \£S pIS. 
leobe jjietan* 
folc fejienbe. 
pjieonb** paep bejieajrob* 
hepjap on belle* 
heopon )?ibeji becdm. 
bjiujion beopol-jylb- 
baej paep msSjie. 
opeji mibban-jeajib- 
J7a peo menjeo pdji- 
ppa J>aep*^ paepfcen bpeah 
pela mippejia- 
ealb-pejuje* 
ejypca pole- 
]78ep J?e hie pibe pep^S* 
pypnan ]7ohton* 
mojjep mdpim- 
jip hie meiDob lece. 
onlanjne lupt* 
leopep pi^Sej'* 
pypb paep jepypeb- 



many first-born j 
the bursten city-holds 
the slayer widely penetrated, 
the fell hater of the people ; 
the land mourned over 
the corpses of the dead, 
their flower departed, 
wail was on every side, 
little of worldly joys ; 

10 of the laughers* were 
the hands closed 5 
<^ the dire journey tt was permitted 
[ l^S] to the people to bewail, 
the departing nation. 
The enemy was spoiled, 
their multitudes in hell | 
heaven thither came, 
fell their infernal gods, 
great was that day 

20 over mid-earth, 

when the many departed, 

who that bondage had endured 

many seasons, 

the old malignant 

folk of Egypt, 

for that they perpetually 

thought to deny 

to the kin of Moses, 

if them the Lord permitted, 

30 the long desire 

of their wished-for journey. 
The march was hastened. 



* Literally, the laughter- amitJie, 

b For jpjieond I suspect we ought to read jreonb. The line answers to Exod. 
xii. 36 : "And they spoiled the Egyptians/* 
« Apparently an error for fset. 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



181 



ji^iom fe-Se Isebbe* 
mdbij majo-ji«fpa*» 
ms&^-bujih heojia. 
opejip6ji he mib f y polce 
peffcena pojin* 
lanb 3 leob-peajib- 
la'Sjia manna- 
enje anpa'Saf • 
iincti'S jeWb- 
cS ^ hie on ju'S-myjice- 
jeajipe bs&jion- 
p»pon lanb heojia* 
lyfc-helme hepeaht* 
meapc-hopi mdji healb- 
moyj-ef opeji j^a* 
pela meojiinja* 
pyjibe jelaebbe* 

XLIIL 

)>eht: ]7a ymb tpa niht- 
tlji}:sejt:nehsele«. 
p'S'San hie jieonbum* 
oiSfapen hs&pbon' 
ymb picijean. 
pepobef beajihtme* 
mib self epe.^ 
aefchanef* byjuj- 
maejner ma&pte- 
meajic-lanbum 6n* 
neayipe jenybbon • 
on noji'S-pejap* 



bold he who led 
(the proud leader of the tribes) 
their kin. 

He traversed with the folk 
many fast towns^ 
the land and nation's guardian^ 
of the hostile men ; 
narrow passes^ 
an unknown way, 
10 till that they on the hostile frontier 
assembled ready. 
7%c lands they occupied were 
Mrith an air-helm bedecked, 
the mountain held their tents ^« 
Moses then over 
many obstacles 
led the march. 

XLIIL 

[146] God then, after two nights, bade 
the illustrious chief, 
20 when they from the enemies 
had escaped, 
to encamp about 



the town of Etham, 
with most of his power, 
on the border lands. 
Closely they, pressed 
on the north ways, 



* MS. and Junius jieepa. ^ Literally, field-houses, 

c I am unable to give any interpretation of these two lines. 

^ Junius set: Bxiey, but in the MS. an h is superscribed in a very ancient hand, 

probably nearly coeval with the MS. itself ; I have therefore not hesitated to admit 

it into the text. See Exod. xiii. 20. 



162 



C^DMON S PARAPHRASE. 



pifton him be jii^San*. 
p^el-papa lanb* 
pojibsejineb bujih-hlecSu' 
bpune leobe* 
hatum heofon-colum- 
)>aaji hali; job- 
pi« p&ii bjiyne. 
folc jefcylbe- 
baslce opeji bjiaebbe- 
byjmenbne beopoh> 
haljan nette* 
h^t^nbne lyjzt* 
haepbe pebeji-polcen- 
pibum jise'Sinum* 
eoji'San ^ up-jioboj\» 
epie jebj^leb. 
laebbe leob-pejiob* 
llj-pyji abpdnc* 
hate heofon-tojiht- 
haele'S papebon- 
bjiihta jebjiymopfc. 
baej-pcealbep** hleo- 
panb opeji polcnum* 
ha&pbe pitij job- 
punnan p^-pa&t- 
ppejle* opepfcolben. 
ppa )?a m«pt-pdpap. 
men ne cuiSon- 
ne ^Sa pejl-pdbe. 
jepedn meahcon* 
eop^-buenbe. 



10 



20 



30 



they knew that on their south 
was the Ethibps' laiid, 
scorched momitain^heights^ 
(a people brown 
with the hot coals of heaven ;) 
there the holy God 
against the heat intense 
shielded the people^ 
with a canopy overspread 
the burning heaven, 
with a holy net, 
the torrid air. 

Had the cloud, 
in its wide embrace, 
the earth and firmament above 
alike divided : 
it led Me nation-host ; 
quenched was the flame-fire, 
with heat heaven-bright. 

The people were amazed, 
of multitudes most joyous, 
their day-shield's shade 
rolled over the clouds. 
The wise God had 
the sun's course 
with a sail shrouded ; 
though the mast-ropes 
men knew not, 
nor the sail-cross 
might they see, 
the inhabitants of earth. 



» Apparently an error for beojih-hleotJu. 

^ Lye and others propose the correction baej-jceabef, which is quite needless, 
j-cealb being an orthographical variation of jcylb, sometimes written jcelb. 

^ Either an error or an orthographical variation for f ejle (as cpom for com, 
p. 113, 1. 14 ; hpjieopon for hjieopon, p. 188, 1. 1 ; r;>oii for yoji, p. 193, 1. I). 
The word occurs again at p. 184, 1. 10. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



183 



ealle cjidapze' all the enginery ; 

hu ajiaeftnob pdef • how was fastened 

j:elb-htifa ms^jr* [iSobe** that greatest of field-houses. 

fi'S'San he tnib ]nilbpe jepeoji- After that he with glory honoured^ 



J^eoben holbe* 

J7a pKf ]7jubba pic- 

jiolce t;o pjtopfie* 

fyjib eall jepeah* 

hu ]?8eji hhpebon* 

hahje pejlap • 

lyyt punboji leoht* 

leobe on^^ton* 

bu^oiS ijTiahelli- 

f }>8eji bjuhten cpom* 

pejioba bjuhten- 

pic-pceal metan* 

him bepopan pdjian* 

pyji ^ polcen* 

m beojiht jioboji- 

beamap tpe;;en* 

}>ajia ffi^hpse^ep. 

epn-jeba&lbe- 

heah-l^ejnunja* 

hahjep japtep- 

beopmdbpa p'S- 

bapim ^ nih&um* 

}>a ic on mopjen ^eppas^n 

mdbep pdpan- 

hebban hepe-byman- 

hltiban peepnum* 

pulbpej' pdman- 



to the Lord faithfuL 

Then was the third station, 

in comfort to the. people. 

All the host saw 

how there towered 
10 the holy sails^ 

the aerial wonder light. 

The people knew^ 

the flower of Israel^ 

that the Lord there cam^, 

the Lord of hosts^ 

a camp to mete : 

before him journeyed 

fire and cloud, 

in the bright firmament, 
^ two pillars, 

each of which 

shared alike 
[ 14?7 ] the high services 

of the holy Spirit, 

the march of the beloved, 

by day and night. [morrow. 

Then, as I have beard, on the 

the bold in mind 

raised the war-trumps^ 
90 with voices loud, 

the terrors of glory : 



* Here a part of the poem has probably been omitted by the scribe^ there 
being no hiatus in the MS. 



184 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRAS£. 



pepob eall ajiiy- 
mobij^pa maejen* 
fpa him moyfej' bebe^b' 
ms^pe ma^o-pseppa* 
mefcober polce- 
ptif pypb-jefcpum. 
pop's jepdpon- 
lipep lafc-)?eop- 
l!p-pej mefcan. 
ppejl-p'8e peolb. 
p8&-men aepfcep- 
pdpon pl<5b-p6je» 
pole paep on palum- 

XLIIIL 

J>ltib hepjep cypm. 
heopon-beacen apt^- 
sepena jehpam* 
o'Sep punbop pylbc^ 
septep punnaQ* 
pefcl-pdbe beheolb* 
opep ledb-pepum- 
lije pcinan. 
bJTinenbe be^* 
bMce pfcdbon- 
opep pceofcenbum* 
pcipe leoman* 
pcinon pcylb-hpeo'San*- 
pcea'So^ ppi'Spebon- 
neople nihc-pcupan- 
neah ne mihton* 
heolpfcop ahyban* 
heopon-canbel bapn. 



the host all rose, 
the power of the valiant, 
as them Moses bade, 
the tribes' great chieftain, 
the people of the Lord. 
Prompt that marshal band 
saw onward 
the Guide of life 
mete out life's way, 
10 he the sail's course directed. 
7%e seamen after 
marched the flood way, 
the folk prospered. 

XLIIII. 

[ 148 ] Loud was the shout of the host^ 

the heavenly beacon rose 

each evening. 

Another stupendous wonder !— 

After the 8un'« 

setting course, they beheld 
20 over the people, 

a flame to shine, 

a burning pillar ; 

pale stood 

over the archers 

the clear beams, 

the bucklers shone. 

The shades prevailed ; 

yet the falling nightly shadows 

might not near 
30 shroud the gloom. 

77ie heavenly candle burnt. 



A Xcyld-hjieoiTan. I am unable to translate the latter part of this compound. 
^ Perhaps we ought to read ^ceabo. I am aware that my translation of this 
and the three following lines is far from satisfactory. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



185 



nipe niht-pea)ib- 
nybe fceolbe. 
pician ofeji pejiebum* 
'py tef him peffcen-jpype« 
h^ji h^«*. 

holmepim pebepum* 
opejiclamme* 
jzejih'S jetpaep^ 
haepbe pojiejenja- 
pyjiene loccap • 
blace bedmap • 
bell ejpan hpe<5p* 
in )?ain hejie-}?jiedte« 
hatan lij^e* 
f he on pepcenne. 
pejiob popbsejinbe- 
nym'Se hie m<5b-hpate- 
moypep hyjibe- 
pcean pcip pejiob. 
pcylbap lixfcon* . 
jepapon pdnb-pijan- 
juhfce pcjis&fce. 
p^n opep ppe<5ton. 
o^ f psfe-paspfcen- 
lanbep set: enbe* 
leob'^-msejne poppfcdb. 
ptip on pop'B-p^j. 
F^b-pic apdp. 
pyppfcon hie pepije- 
pipce jenaejbon- 
mdbije mece-|?ejnap- 
hypa mae^en befcon. 



the new night-ward 

must by compulsion 

rest over the hosts^ 

lest them horror of the waste^ 

the hoar heath 

with its raging storms^ 

should overwhelm^ 

their souls fail. 

Had their harbinger 
10 fiery locks^ 

pale beams | 

a cry of dread resounded 

in the martial hQst> 

at the hot flame^ 

that it in the waste 

would bum up the host^ 

imless they zealously 

Moses obeyed. 

Shone the bright host^ 
70 the shields gleamed ; 

the bucklered warriors saw 

in a straight course 

the sign over the bands^ 

till that the sea-barrier^ 

at the land's end^ 

the people's force withstood, 

suddenly, on their onward way. 
-^ camp arose ; — 

they cast them weary down ; 
30 approached with sustenance 

the bold sewers*'; 

they their strength repaired. 



A This line is incomplete, and between 1. 7« and 1. 8. there is no alliteration ; 
indeed this part of the MS. is in general written with far less accaracy than the. 
preceding. 

^ MS. leo. ^ Literally, meat-tkanes. 



186 



€^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



bpaebbon BSpoeji beoji^um* 
p««an byme ranj. 
jrlotan j:elb-htifum» 
>a p»r Feoji«e pic 
jianb-pijena jiaept. 
be )?an pedban fs6* 
"Saep on pypb hyjia* 
paep ppell beq'om* 
oht: inlenbe* 
ejpan pcdban. 
pael-jpype pejioba- 
pjiaec-mon jebdb* 
Id^ne Upfc-peapb. 
pe^e him lan^e sftp- 
e'Selleapum* 
on nieb jepcpap. 
pean pitum p«pc. 
ps&pe ne jymbon- 
"Seah 'pe pe ylbpa cyninj- 



10 



spread themselves about^ 
after the trumpet sang^ 
the sailors in the tents. 

Then was the fourth station^ 
the shielded warriors' rest, 
by the Red Sea. 

There in their camp 
the sudden tidings came, 
fear on the people : 
in dread they stood, 
deadly horror of the hosts ; 
the fugitive awaited 
the foe in his rear, 
who to him long ere, 
to the homeless, 
had by force assigned 
misery with torments fast. 

27mr covenant they heeded not, 
although the elder king, 



8ep 5e . . , 



20 ere 



* 



XLV. 



# 



•JSa peap^ yppe peapb. [ 14f9 ] 
m ^epolca 



XLV. 

Then was the heir, 
in the people's .... 



manna aepteji ma'Smum* 
^ he ppa micelep je^£h> 
eallep )?»p popjefcon. 



according to the treasures of men; 
so that he thus greatly throve^^ 
All this they forgot, 



^ H«re the MS. has manifestly suffered mutilation. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



187 



fi'S'San ^ame pujibon. 
e^ypfca cyn. 
;^mb an cpi^- 
•JSa heo hif m»j-piaum* 
moji'Soji ppemebon* 
pjioht bejienebon* 
p8&pe jrjis^ton* 
pKjion heaiJo'-pylmaf . 
heojifcan jefcenje. 
miht-m<5b pejui* 
mdnum tpieopum* 
polbon hie ^ p^jih-^Ieaii' 
pdcne jylban. 
f fee he ^ b»5-peojic« 
bjieojie jebohfce. 

moypep leobc 
J?»p him niihtis 50b. 
on "Bam ppilb-f liSe. 
ppebe popjepe. 
)?a him eopla mdb- 
optpypapeapi$. 
pi^'San hie jepapon- 
op puiJ-pejum. 
pypb papa<5nip* 
pop^ onjanjan* 
op^p holt pe^ui* 
eopeb lixan* 
j^pap cpymebon- 
ju^ hpeappobe. 
blicon bopb-hpecSan* 
byman punjon. 
J?upap )?unian« 
J?eob-meapc cpeban- 



10 



90 



30 



after they became hostile^ 

the Egyptian race, 

about a rod*. 

Then they on his khidred 

murder perpetrated, 

kindled strife, 

brake their covenant, 

their deadly feuds were 

at heart heavy, 

the violent minds of Me people. 

With false faith, 

they would that life-gift 

with fraud requite ; 

so that they that d^y-winrk 

bought with blood 

from the people of Moses, 

when them /Ae mighty God, 

on that perilous journey, 

gave a prosperous issue. 

Then of his men the mind 
became despondent, 
after that they saw, 
from the south ways, 
the host of Pharaoh 
coming forth, 
moving over the holt, 
the band glittering, 
7%ey prepared their arms, 
the war advanced, 
bucklers glittered, 
trumpets sang, 
standards rattled, 
thet/ trod the nation's frontier. 



^ Literally, a twig ; apparently in allusion to the rod of Aaron^ which had oc- 
casioned so much calamity to the Egyptians : — ^the line is> however, defective. 



188 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



on hpsel hppeopon- 
hejie-pujolaf. 
hilbe jpsfebije- 
beapij-ye'Sejie^ 
opeji bjuhfc-neum. 
ponn pael-ceafeja*- 
pulpap pinjon- 
atol aepen-leo'S* 
s^tep on p6nan- 
cajileapan beoji*^ 
cpylb jidp beoban^- 
on Id'Spa lapt- 
leob-maejnep pil» 
hjieopon meapc-peajibap 
mibbum nihtom* 
pleah p6je jfipt- 
pole paep jehs&jeb- 
hpilum op ]?ani pepobe* 
plance J^ejnap- 
ms^ton mil pa^ap* 
meapa bd^um* 
him >»p pepi-cynms. 
PI'S J?one pejn popan* 
manna ]7en2el» 
meapc J^peate pdb. 
5u'8-peapb jumena* 
jpim helm jeppeon. 
cmmj cm-bepje. 
cumbol lixton* . 
pijep on penum* 
hpael hlencan pceoc- 
hehfc hip hepe-cij-fce. 
healban jeop:ne. 



Aromid them screamed 

the fowls of war, 

greedy of battle^ 

dewy-feathered, 

over the bodies of the host, 
[ 151 ] (the dark chooser of the slain) ; 

the wolves sung 

their horrid evensong, 

in hopes of food, 
10 the reckless beasts, 

threatening death to the valiant : 

on the foes' track j^few? 

the army-fotvl. 

The march- wards cried 

at midnight ; 
jlew the spirit of death : 

the people were hemmed in. 
At length of that host 

the proud thanes 
20 met mid the paths, 

in bendings of the boundaries ; 

to them there the banner-king 

marched with the standard, 

the prince of men 

rode the marches with his band; 

the warlike guardian of the people 

clasped his grim helm, 

the king, his visor. 

JTie banners glittered 
so in hopes of battle ; 

slaughter shook the proud. 

He bade his warlike band 

bear them boldly. 



»,The raven. 

*> This line is extremely obscure : jioj: is possibly an error for jiofum. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



18d 



yxyt j-Tjib-jetjium* 

fjieonb <5npjon*' 

Id^um eajan* 

lanb-manna cyme< 

ymb hine paejon- 

pijenb tinpojihfce. 

hajie heojia pulptp*^* 

hilbe jjiecton. 

fujiftije J?p«c-pijef • 

feoben holbe* 

h»pbe him alepen* 

leoba buje'Se. 

fcip-eabijjia- 

tp& J?ufenbo» 

^ psejion cyninjap* 

'J cneop-m^jap* 

on f eabe pihfc*^- 

8&'Selum beojie. 

poji'Son dnjia ^ehpilc* 

dfc alaebbe- 

pKpneb-cynnep* 

pi^an aejhpilcne* 

|?ajia )?e he on "Sam pypf*^' 

pnban mihte* 

psejion mjemen* 

ealle aetjaebejie. 

cynuijaf on coji'Spe* 

cu*5 opfc jebib. 

hojin on heape* 



the firm body. 

The enemy saw 

with hostile eyes 

the coming of the natives : 

about him moved 

fearless warriorsv 

The hoar army wolves 

the battle hailed^ 

thirsty for the brunt of war. 
10 The prince faithful ones 

had to him chosen^ 

the flower of the people, 

renowned men 

two thousand ; 

these were kings 

and kinsmen 

in the realm, 

dear to the noblesy 

therefore each one 
do led out, 

of the male kind, 

every warrior 

of those that he in that space 

could find. 
Were in common^ 

all together, 

the kings in a body. 

The renowned oft awaited 

the horn in the phalanx ^ 



» pjieonb I suspect to be an error for jieonb, and dnj-ijon either an error, or a 
different orthography for onjapon. 

^> Apparently an error for hejie-puljraj". 

c This line I do not understand. It is probable that the scribe, unable to spell 
tvhat he did not flee, wrote this and some other parts of the MS. from dictation, 
and that the true reading is, on Jam eojitJ-jiice, or eajib-jiice. The similarity 
of sound between the two readings may have been sufficiently great to occasion 
the mistake. 



M 



190 



CJSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



to hpsBf ha&^ftealb-men* 

ju'8-J?peafc jumena* 

jeajipe bsejion* 

fpa J?»ji eojip-pejiob. 

6c anla&bbon* 

M% septep M'Siini* 

leob-maejnep popn- 

]?upenb-nis&lum • 

J?ibep paepon ptipe- 

ha&pbon hie jem;^nfceb fe6 }«»m 

maexen-hedpum. 

td )?am 8&ji-b«je- 

ippahela cynn- 

biUuin abpeotan* 

on hypa bpo^op* jylb- 

pop}?on paep m picum* 

p<5p tip-ahapen- 

dfcol »pen-leo^. 

ejepan ptdbon- 

pepebon p«l-nefc. 

J?a pe poma qjom* 

plujon ppecne ppel- 

peonb** paep dnm<5b* 

pepub paep pij-bMc- 

0*8 f plance poppceap- 

mihti^ enjel. 

pe "Sa meni^eo beh^olb. 

? J^aep jelabe*^ nub him. 

lenj ne mihton* 

jepe<5n fcopomne* 

pS paep jeba&leb. 



11 



ao 



30 



to the leaders of which 
the warlike host of people 
ready marched ; 
who there Me legion host 
also led on^ 
foe after foe, 
a powerful band^ 
by thousands. 
Thither they promptly came, 
[153] ^Aey had resolved thereon, 
with their powerful bands, 
on that mom, 
the race of Israelites, 
with their faulchions, to destroy, 
in vengeance for their broUiers : 
therefore was in the camp 
a cry upraised, 
a dire evensong i 
in dread they stood 
cursed the fatal net. 
Then dread came over them, 
they fled the dire intelligence. 

The foe was unanimous, 
the host was war-pale, 
tlQ that their pride cast down 
a mighty angel 
who the multitude protected : 
that there the way with them 
they might not longer 
see together, 
the road was parted ; 



« Apparently an error for bjiot^jia. 

^ By jreonb, the foe, seem to be intended the Egyptians ; and by pejtub, the host 
of the Israelites, who are represented as pi^-blac, i. e. pale with fear of the ene- 
my's approach. 

^ MS. and Junius jelatJe. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



191 



haefbe nyb-pajia • [ 1 54 ] 

nihc-lanj^ne Fyprc* 

}?eah 'Se him on healjra j^hpftm* 

hetmrenb feomebon* 

masj^en oiS'Se mepe-ftpeam* 

nahton nidjian hpyjijrt* 

psejion ojipenan- 

e'Sel-juhfeep. 

fa&ton »}n:eji beojipim* 

in blacum jieapim- lo 

pean on penum* 

paeccenbe bdb- 

eall peo pib-jebjuhfc- 

pomob a&cjaebejie. 

majian maejenef • 

0*8 moypep bebedb* 

eojilap on. tihfc-fcib. 

s^jinum bgniim^. 

pole pomnij^ean- 

pjiecan djupan- 20 

habban heojia hlencan* 

hycjan on ellen- 

bejian beopht: peapo* 

beacnum ci^ean* 

ppeot panbe ne^* 

pnelle ^emtinbon* 

peapbap pij-leo'8. 

pepob p»p jepypeb. 

bpubon opep bupjum* 

byman jehypbon. 30 

plofcan pelb-hupum* 

pypb paep on opj'fce- 

p'S'San hie jefcealbon. 

pi"8 J?am tedn-hefce. 



the fugitive had 

a night long space ; 

though him^ on either side, 

driving urged 

force or sea-stream. 

Hiey had not a great space, 

they were hopeless 

of the land- rights : 

they sate dispersed . 

in sad garments^ 

with affliction, in tfieir thoughts ; 

watching awaited 

all the kindred band 

at once together 

the great power ; 

until Moses bade 

his men^ ere dawn^ 

with brazen trumps, 

the folk to gather, 

the bold arise, 

have their courage ready y 

think on valour, . 

bear bright arms, 

summon with signals 

the multitude near to the sand. 

Quickly remembered 

the watchmen the war-song ; 

the host was set in motion, 

spread themselves abo^t. 

Heard the trumpets 

the mariners in the tents ; 

the march was hastened, 

after they had numbered, 

against that dire hostility. 



* b^nam is evidently an error for b^mum. See line 30. 



192 



CJBDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



on fam poji'S-hejije. 
pe'San fcpeljze. 
mdbe jidjra* 
mse^en paef onhji^jieb 
paef on injiSi jehpam* 
»i$elan cynnep • 
alepen unbeji Unburn* 
leoba buju'Se- 
on polc-jefcael- 
pjifcij cifta* 
haspbe cifta ^ehpilc* 
cu'Sep pejiobep- 
jaji-bejienbjia- 
ju'S-jrjiemmenbjia • 
X. hunb jefceleb. 
tip.-eabijjia- 

f P«r T^^^ pejiob* 
f&c ne jetton* 
m f jimc-jefcael. 
jiaeppan hejijep- 
fa 'pe pop jeoju'Se* 
^yt ne mihton- • 
unbep bojib-hjieo'5an< 
bpeopt-nefc j)ejia. 
pi^ plane peonb^. 
polmum pejiijean* 
ne hun bealu benne* 
^ebiben hsepbon-* 
opeji linbe laepij*^* 



in their van^ 

twelve bands 

of men for courage famed ; 

their valour was roused^ 

was in every one 

of noble race 

chosen^ under linden bucklers, 

the flower of the nations « 

In the number of the people 
10 were fifty bands ; 

«ach band had 

of the famed host^ - 

arm-bearmg, 

war-faring^ 

ten hundred numbered 

illustrious warriors ; 

that was a warlike host» 

The weak admitted not^ 

into that martial number^ 
20 the leaders of the army, 

those that, for youth, 

might not yet, 

under their bucklers, 

the breast-net* of men, 

against the arrows of the enemies^ 

with their limbs defend, 

nor baleful wounds 

had awaited, * 

over the linden shields. 



■ That is, the shirt of mail, formed of rings like net-w6rk. 

^ Probably an error of the scribe for peonba. 

^ IsejiiS. Under this word Lye makes the following observation : *' Hsec vox 
occurrit apud Csedm. 68. 5 : At interpretatio ejus, ut et multarum aliarom in 
ista poetica paraphrasi occorrentium, minime liquet." In the Suppl. it is ex^ 
plained docilis, tyro. 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



193 



l!c-punbe fpoji* 
jylp-plejan j^pej'. 
^amele ne mdpton* 
hdjie hea'So-jiincaj** 
hilbe on}?eon* 
PF^ him m<5b heapum< 
mae^en fpi'Sjiabe. 
Ac hie be ps&]*tmum« 
pi J** cu]ion« 
hti in leobpcipe* 
laeptan polbe- 
mdb mib djian* 

eac ]7an maejn^r cjiBRpC' 

mm* 

jdp-beamep penj. 
]?a p«p hanb-poppa* 
hejie secjaebejie- 
ptip pop'5-pejap. 
pana up pab* 
beama beophtept- 
buton*^ eaUe >a jen^ 
hponne p'S-boba- 
]*2S-ptpeainum neah* 
leoht opeji hnbum* 
lypfc-ebopap bpaec :• 

XLVI. XLVL 

TQileop )?a poji hseleiSuni* [156] Leaped then before /Ae warriors 
hilbe calla* the man of war^ 

balb beohata*^' the bold commander 

b<5pb up-ah<5p. his shield upraised. 



sore body-wounds^ 
the dart's exulting play. 
The aged might not, 
the hoary chieftains^ 
[ 155 ] engage in battle, 

yet in the bands their mind 
and might had sway ; 
for they, according to his strength^ 
chose eacA warrior : 
10 how in the nation 
he would show 
valour with glory, 
also by dint of might, 

the spear-beam grasped. 

Then was of the famed of hand 
the host together^ 
Rapid the onward ways 
the sign uprode, 
of pillars brightest, 
90 above thetn all again, 

when, a marshal of their path, 
. near to the sea-streams, 
its light over the bucklers 
had burst the aerial dwellings. 



* ^ij:, if not an error of the scribe for ^ir or jyr, seems here to be used in the 
sapie sense. 

^ fi% here seems to be used for pi^an. 

^ For butron^ I suspect we should read buj:on. 

^ The signification of this word is very doubtful* Lye, in Suppl., has '^beo- 

o 



194 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



heht J?a polc-fco^m* 
pyjibe jejt^iUan- 
J?enben rndbijef meiJel- 
moni^e jehyjibon- 
polbe peojibijean. 
jucef hypbe. 
opeji hepe-cijre- 
Jialjan ftepne. 
pejiobef pifa- 
puii«mynbum rppfec- 
ne beo^ je J^y pojihtpan 
]7eah 'pe pdjiadn bpohte* 
fpeojib-pijepbpa* 
pibe hep jap • 
eopla tinpltn* 
him eallumpile* 
mihfcij bpihcen* 
J?uph mine hanb* 
fco baeje )?ippum. 
bj&b-ledn jypap. 
f hie lipijenbe. 
lenj Jie moton. 
sepiian mab ypmSum^ 
ippahelaxyn. 
ne pdkfS eop anbpa&ban* 
beabe pe^an- 
paeje peph'S-locan*- 
pyppfc ip aefc.enbe. 
laenep lipep. 
eop ip Wp jobep. 
abppben op bpeopcmn- 
ic on befcepan pa&b. 



10 



.20 



30 



bade the folk-leaders 

stay the march, 

while the ho\d*chief^s address 

many should h^ar. 

Would harangue 

the guardian of the state, 

through the martial host, 

with holy voice : 

the leader of the multitude 

with dignity spake : — 

'Be ye not the more fearful, 

though that Pharaohhathbtought 

of sword-warriors 

vast bands, 

of men a countless number ; 

to all these wiU 

the mighty Lord, 

through my hand, 

on this day, 

give requital for:'^A^**'*deeds, 

that they living 

longer may not 

hold in misery 

the race of Israel. 

Dread ye not 

dead bands, 

fated carcases ; 

Mespace is at an end 

of their fragile lives. 

From you ii^ the lore. of God 

withdrawn from your breasts ; 

I rede to tuhat is better. 



hata i. q. behata, spondens, sponsor, Moses ita dictus fidem dans IsraeUtis ^e 
salute promissa desperautibus." The translation given in the text is from hatan 
in the sense of to command, 
* The Jitexal meaning of jrejihtJ-loca is. Mat which incloses the soul or Itfe. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



195 



f je jepup^ien. 
ptflbpef-alho]!* 
^ eop lif-fpean. 
lijja bibbe. 
pjojia jejynto. 
J^aeji je p'Sien. 
J?i]' ij' pe ecea. 
abjiahamef job • 
jijiumfceajzta ppea* 
ye ^ap jiypb pepe*. 
mdbij T maej^ii^pdp. 
mib }?8epe nuclan h&nb* 
hSf ISa pop hep^p^m* 
hltibe ffcfepne. 
lipjenbpa feob"'. 
)?a he to leobum jfppeec- 
hpaet je utl eaj^inn* 
to onlocia'S* 
polca leofopt. 
p&p-punbpa pum. 
hu ic pylpa jioh- 
1 J'eop ppi'Spe hanb* 
jpene c^cne* 
jap-pecjej' b^op* 
y^ tip paepe'S- 
opptum pypce"?. 
paetep [^j^yeal-paBpten 
pejap pynbon bpyje- 
happe hepe-ptpfifefca- 
holm jepymeb. 



10 



[157] 



90 



30 



that ye honour 

the Chief of glory, 

and to your life's Lord 

for blessings pray, 

fruits of triumphs, 

where ye are journeying. 

This is the eternal 

God of Abraham, 

Lord of creatiocrs, 

who this host guardeth, 

grand, and for might renowned, 

with the powerful hand.' 

Then before ^Aemultittide^Taised 
a loud voice, 

before the people of the Kving, 
when he to the nations apake :— • 
, ' Lo ! ye now with i/iour eyes 
behold, 

most beloved of people, 
a stupendous wondet" ; 
how I myself have struck, 
and this right hand, 
with a green sigUj 
the ocean's deep : 
the wave ascends ; 
rapidly worketh 
the water a wall-fastness ; 
the ways are dry, 
rugged army-roads 5 
the sea hath left 



A Manning (Suppl. ad Lye) supposes that ]>eob in this place may be put for 
J^eoben, which is not probable^ as bjrisenbjia J^eoben could hardly apply to 
Moses. Perhaps we ought to read ]^eot>e, and consider the line as in apposition 
to heji^«ta, and also governed by jrop. 

^ The 'j is manifestly an error, and destructive of -th^ sense : " And the waters 
were a wall unto them," &c. Exod. xiv. 29. , 

o2 



^ 1 



196 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ealbe fta'Solaj- . 


its old stations : 


fa* ic sfeji ne jeppaRjii. 


where I before have never heard^ 


ojzep mibban-^eajib* 


over mid-earthy . 


men je^ejian. . 


men to journey, 


f^je jrelbaj'. 


are variegated fields. 


)?a fop's heonon* 


[ 158 ] which from this time. 


in ece**- 


through eternity. 


y^5e ]7eahton* 


the waves have covered : 


pelbe* fsfe-jjitinbaf • 


the salt sea-depths 


pi'S-pmb popndm* 


10 hath the south wind dried up. 


b«'8-pejef bla^jt:* 


the sea-waves' blast. 


bjiinj** If ajieajrob* 


Ocean is swept away. 


fdnb pfe-ciji rpan. 


/Aesea*s ebb hath drawn the sand« 


ic pfc f d*? jepe. 


I know in sooth full well 


f eop niihtij job. 


that to you the mighty God 


milfcfe jecy-Bbe. 


will have shown mercy. 


eoplaf ^p jlabe. 


chiefs ! ere aunset. 


opeffc If feWfC- 


Quickest is best 


^ 5® ^f feonba- 


that ye from the enemies' 


fSB'Sme peop'Sen. 


20 grasp escape. 


nu fe djenb. 


Now the Lord 


tip dpaepbe. . 


hath upreared 


pedbe ftpeamaf • 


the red streams. 


in panb-jebeoph. 


as a protecting shield ; 


fynbon J?a popepeallaj'. 


the fore-walls are 

1 


paejpe jepfcepfce. 


fairly raised. 


ppaedicu psSj-papu. 


(wondrous wave-roads !) 


o'S polcna hpdf • 


to the clouds' roof.* 


»ftep J?am pdpbum* 


After those words 


pepob eall apdf • 


30 the host all rose, • 



A The sense of this passage is obscure, unless }b, be an error for, or synony- 
mous with, J^seji, like the Grerman da. 

. ^ Here the text is manifestly defective, and my interpretation consequently 
merely conjectural. 

<^ Y^lfye is, I doubt not, an error for jealte. In subsequent parts of the poem, 
occur yealte yfa, yealre jle-paejax. 

^ Manifestly an error for bjiim. • 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE* 



197 



mdbi^pa maejen* 
mepe ftille bib* 
hdjion hejie-cyffce* 
hpfee linbe- 
j-ejnaf on fanbe- 
)*s6-peall ajrah- 
up-lan; jeffcdb* 
PI'S ippahelum- 
te-bfi^ne pyjipt. 
paep peo eopla jebjiihc- 
diiep mdbep.* 



10 



the power of the bold t 
/A^ sea stood still. 

Raised the martial bands 
/Ae white lindens^ 
the banners on the sand ; 
/Ae sea-wall rose, 
stood erect 

towards lAe Israelites, 
a one day's space. « 
Was the host of men 
of one mind. 



pseptmn ps&'Smum* 
pjieo'So-ps^jie heolb* 
nallep hije jehypbon^ 
hahjep Mpe. 
prtS'San leopep leo^« 

laepfce neap*' 

jT^ej ppiiSpobe- 
;j j-ancep blanb** . 
}?a ^ peop'Se cyn- 
jypmepc eobe. 
pdb on pjfes-ptpeam. 
pl^an on heape- 
opep jpenne jptinb. 
idbipc pe'Sa. 
£non dpette*. 
(incu'S jelab- 
pop hip msBj-pinum. 
ppa hmi inihti; ;ob* 
|?aBp baej-peopcep- 
beop lean popjealb- 



in their firm breasts, 

held their covenant of love. 

They heard not 

the holy's lore, 

when the beloved's song 

tt^ sound prevailed, 

and he ceased from song* 
20 Then the fourth tribe 

went foremost ; 

waded into the wave-stream 

the warriors in. a body, 

over green ground. 

The tribe of Judah 

hastened singly 

an unknown way, 

before his kinsmen ; 

so on him the mighty God, 
30 for that day's work, 

a high reward bestowed. 



A Here one line at least is wanting. 

*» For hi^e jehyjibon we should probably read hi jehj^/ibon. 

^ Here something is wanting both to the metre and the sense. 

^ Probably an error for blan, pret. of blinnan, to cease, 

* Without doubt ah error for onet;t6. 



198 



CADMON'S PARAPHRAfi^E. 



p'S'San him je)?aelbe> 
jijoji-pojica hjie'Sr 
f he ealbojibdm* 
djan fceolbe- 
opeji cyne-pioq* 
cneop-md^a blaeb:-. 



since that to him granted 
the stem Worker of victories^ 
that he eldership^ 
should possess 
over the kingdoms, 
the flower of his kin. 



XLVIL 

}}aiybon him fco j^ne 
fa hie on pmb jtijon. 
ojzep bopb-hjieo'San. 
bedcen aji8&peb. 
m }7am jdp-heape* 
jylbenne leop*-. 
bjuht-polca maejt. 
beopa cenoffc. 
be }?am hepe-pipin. 
hyn'So ne polbon* 
be him lipjenbum* 
lan^e 'pohan* 
]7onne hie fco ju^e* 
j^ji-pubujiaepbon. 
'Seoba senijpe. 
]?jiaca paep on dpe. 
heapb hanb-jileja* 
haejpfcealb mdbije. 
psepna pael-j'lihfcef • 
pijenb tinjidphce^ 
bil-j7>a^u bldbije* 
beabu-maejnef jM^'. 
jjiim hekna jejjunb. 
faep mbaf pdji. 
sepfceji J?«pe pyjxbe* 
flofca mdbjabe* 



XLVIl, 

[ 160] TTiey had to them for banner^ 

when into Me-sea they marched, 

over their bucklers 
10 a signal reared, 

in the armed band^ 

a golden lion, 

greatest of tribes, 

keenest of beasts. 

From the martial leaders 

injury they would not, 

while living, 

long endure, 

when they to battle 
20 the spear- wood reared 

against any natiom 

Of the brave was in the phaltinx 

hard hand-play, 

youths bold 

at the weapons of slaughter, 

fearless warriors, 

bloody faulchion-tracks, 

the rush of battle's, strength, 

M^ grim crash of^faelms, 
30 where Judah marched i 
After that band 

the seamen** proudly moved. 



a 



Evidently an error for leon. 



^ Literally, th^ wavMiK^ 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE^ 



199 



pubenej* ]*uiiu< 
panbaf bsepon* 
j's^-picinjaf. 
opeji f ealtne mepj'c- 
mdn memo* 
luicel in jetjium* 
eobe tinjiojiht- 
he hif ealbopbdni* 
j'ynnum ajjepebei 
f he p'Sop f6f[» 
on leopej- lajt- 
him on leob-fcdape* 
jijiumbeapnef juht- 
fpeo-bpoiSop o%]7dh* 
eab *] aeiSelo* 
he psej* ^eapu j^a J^eah- 
)7sep sejt^eji him- 
folca J?pyiSum. 
j'unu pmednej'. 
)7eotmn comon* 
J?pibbe J?eob-maejen. 
J^upa]* punbon* 
opep s^p-fajie. 
juiS-cyjre onji^pafij* 
beapij fceajzfcum. 
baej-pdma becp6m« 

jobej- beacna jnim. 
mopjen ms6pe topht- 
mae^en fopiS jepdfc. 
)7a ]7sep ]:olc-m8ejen* 
fdp aejzfcep oiSpum* 

r 

Ij-epn hepjuni. 
dn pij'obe- 

m«jen-J?pymmum maejt 
]?y he maepe peap^* 



10 



20 



30 



Ma 8ons of Reuben 

bare their shields, 

sea-yiMngs, 

over a salt marsh, 

a sinful multitude^ 

one great body, 

fearless it went. 

He (Reuben) his^dership 

had by sins made dormfmt ; 

so that he later marched, 

after the beloved chief. 

From him in Me' nation; 

his first-bom's ri^t - 

^2^ own brother had -withdrawn, 

his wealth and rank; 

yet was he prompt in arms. 

There after them, 
those tribes of people, 
the sons of Simeon' 
canse in bands, 
a third great power, 
wound their standards 
over the martial way ; 
the war- tribe onwi^rd pressed, 
with dewy shafts. 

The day-spot (cloud) came 
over the warrior's spear, 
one of God's signsy 
at morn, great an«{ bright.* 
The power went forth : 
then there each people's force 
marched after other 
in iron companies : 
one led, 

supreme in dignity^ 
(for he- was great,) 



\ 



200 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



on poji'B-pejaj'' 
pole depceji polcum** 
cynn aepteji cynne- 
cu'Se ssjhpilc* 
m8s;-buji;a piht- 
fpa him moy]*ef beab 
eojila ae^elo* 
him p»f dn pebep* 
leof leob-j:puma« 
Mnb-piht 2e]'db» 
y.ji6b on j:ejihi5e» 
j^lieo-mapim leoj:* 
c^nbe cneop-pbbe- 
cenjia manna* 
heah-jisebejia pum< 
halije ]7eobe- 
ip]iaela cyn- 
on juht jobep* 
fpa f op]7ancum- 
ealbe peccaiS. 
J?a J?e maej-bupje- 
maeps ^eppunon* 
fpumcyn peopa* 
faebeji-aeSelo jehpaep^ 
nipe** jddbap • 
nde opepld'B- 
fpymjiaepc ]?eoben- 
nub hip ]7pim punum* 
fone beopeptan* 
bpen-pl6ba*^« 
J>apa iSe jepupbe.. 



[161] 



10 



20 



30 



on their ways forth : 

(folk by folk, 

tribe by tribe) •- 

Each one knew 

his right of kin, 

(as them Moses bade,) 

the chiefs' nobility. 

To them was one father, 

a beloved patriarch : 

{the land-right prevailed) 

wise in soul, 

to his kindred dear, 

he begat a race 

of keen men, 

one of the patriarchs, 

a holy nation, 

the tribe of Israel, 

justly God^s people ; 

as that skilfully 

the old relate, 

those who kinship 

most understand, 

the origin of men, 

the ancestry of each. 

Dire floods 
had Noah fared over, 
majestic chief, 
with his three sons, 
the deepest 
of deluges, • 
which have happened 



* MS. j7olcnum. Junius has polcum in his text, which he has corrected to 
polcnum in his list of errata. The latter is evidently the true reading, and there- 
fore received into the text. 

^ Probably an error for nije-jrlobaf. 

c Apparently an error for bpen€-j:16t>a,. See p. 84. 1. IQ. 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



201 



on pojiulb-jifce. 

hsRfbe him on hpeSjie* 

halije fcjieopa- 

popj^on he jelabbe. 

ojieji lapi-jtjieamaf • 

ma^m-hopba ma&ft* 

mine jefpa^je*- 

on jreojih-sebeoph, 

folban haepbe* 

eallum eopiS-cynne. lo 

ece** lape- 

ppum-cneop jehpaef • 

faebep *] mobep. 

tubbop-ceoabpa- 

li^efceleb pime* 

mipnicelpa* 

]?onne men cunnon* 

fnottop }T6-leoba*^- 

eac }>on j^ba jehpilc- 

on beapm j-cipef • 20 

beopnaf pepebon- 

]?apa ]?e unbep heoponum* 

haele^ bpyttijaiJ* 

J7?a f fife men. 

pdpbum j-ecjaiS. 

^ ppom noe- 

nijo^a ps6pe> 

pebep abpahame]** 

on polc-fcale- 

^ If pe abpaham* 30 

pe hnn enjla job* 

naman nipan apcedp* 



in the world's realm. 

lie had in mind 

holy trust, 

therefore he led 

over the water-*streams 

of storehouses the greatest, 

as I have heard, 

for life's security. 

He had of earth . 

for each terrestrial species 

an increasing remnant, 

the progenitor of each 

(father and mother) 

bearing offspring, 

by number told, 

less great 

than men Anmv, 

the prudent mariner. 

Also each kind of seed, 

into the ship's bosom, 

the chieftains bore, 

of those which under heaven 

men use. 

Wise men, moreover, 
say in words 
that from Noah 
the ninth was 
Abraham's father 
in the genealogy : 
that is the Abraham 
to whom the God of angels 
gave a new name ; 



* MS. j:jijrji«se. 

^ ^ce, if not an error for icen^e, appears to be used in the same sense. 
. « For pe-lcdba we should probably read fse-liba, a word, though not in Lye, 
yet occurring in the ." Death of Byrhtnothj" — see Anal. A, S. page 122^ 1ineh^2« 



202 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE: 



eic ]k>ii neah ^ peoji* 
hahje heapaf • 
in jehylb bebeab* 
peji-)^eoba jepealb. 
he on pjiaecellpbe* 
fi^^an he.^efaebbe* 
leofops peojia* 
halijej* hs^pun* . 
heah Idnb j-fcijon"*. 
pb-2®niijaf> 
on f eone beopkt 
ps^pe hie J^aeji piinbon* 
pulboji jefdpoii^ 
hahje heah tjieope- 
jja h«le« sepjiimon- 
J^aep ejit j-e piottjia* 
pinu bauibep- 
pulbojipejt; cyninj. 
pitjan Idpumt 
jefcimbpebe*^^ 
tempel jobe. 
alhn bafajne- 
eoji'S-cymnja- 
ye pif epta: on* 
populb-jilce- 
heahjt; ^ hahjojnc. 
ha&le'Sum jejipaejofC. 
maepc ^ mafejiojnc. 
J^apa 'pe manna beapn.« 
ppa aepteji^ pdlbaa* 
j:olmum:^po]ih&e » 



[ 162.] 



11 



20 



30^ 



also near and far 
the holy tribes, 
in guardianship committed, 
the sway of nations* 
He in exile lived, 
after he had led, 
most beloved of ment, 
at the Holy One^s bdiest, 
a high land to ascend, 
his kinsmen, 
on Sion's hUl. 

There found they 'axovenant, 
saw glory, 

a holy high compact, 
as men have understood; 
There afterwards the sagacious 
son of David, 
glorious king ! 
by the prophet's counsels, 
built 

to God a temple, 
a holy fane 
(of earthly kings 
the wisest in 
the world's realm,) 
highest and holiest, 
'mongst men most famedy 
chiefestand grei^test 
of those that the sons of men^ 
of mortals throughoutearth, 
have wrought with Jiaiids; 



* Literally, ofiotds. 
^ r^ijoJi seems an error for j-tijan. 
c Thitf line is.defectihrei 

d 8ef:teji<in this phrase/ as in se;:treji bu]%2um, and the like, has the sense of the 
Laftin^er. The^phrasG is adTerbial> and may generally he rendered abroad,arcund( 



CiBDMON*JS PARAFHIiAaS; 



20S 



to J^am meiSel-jtebe** , 
miigan jelaibhev 
alqtabim . If &^« 
&b-ffji onbjian. 
f ypft peph'S-bana^- 
nd:)7y«piigia paj-- 
polbe J^one laftpeapbi 

in bfi&l-blyf e» 

beojma pelof ^^ 

hif fpsepie funu. 

to pje-nbpe* 

dnjan ofeji^eop'San* 

ypfe-ldfe- 

feopef jipopiie*. 

%a he fpa'pa}i^^jebib« 

leobum to Ifife^^. 

lanjf umne hibt* 

he ^.jecj^be* 

)7a he ]?one cnihtjen^m^ 

)3ejt:e mib polmum- 

folc^'-iui'S jete^S* 

ealbe** Idjze. 

ec3 spymetobe. 

^ he him lif-bajaj'- 

leo]:|ian ne pifr®* 

'ponne he h^be«t 

heopon-cynin je * 

tip apaembe* 

pe eopl polbe flean* 

eapepan pinne* 



To that famed place* * - 

he his son led;. 
Abraham ilfia^p* ; 
a pile-fire kindled ; 
{the firatmierdefitroyer. 
for that was not theifaixtTM) 
would him (Isaac) then> 
give to the flamieV' 
into the pile«blaze ; . 
10 the best of chiels^ 
his dear son^ 

for a triumphant sacrifice, 
on earth his solei 
hereditary remnant^. 
his life's comforlr. 
Then he thus awaited 

a longsome hope. 

He that manifested^ 
20 (when he took the boy. 

fast with his hands>. 

renowned amoi^.natioiw. drenr- 

an. ancient relique^ 

{the blade rang^) ) t 

that^ for himself^ he life-days 
' dearer knew not. 

than when JiaK)b^ed 

heaven's King. 

He rose up, 
30 the chief would slay. 

his£on 



A metfel-j-teb signifiea strictly ' a plaoe appointed formfietiofl^aiid hordnguijig/ 
^ Is this an allusion to Cain ? 

<^ I am unable to give any satisfactory version of this line. 
^ ealb, as the epithet of a sword, occurs also in the " Death of Byrhtnoth ;" 
—sec Anal. A. S. p. 122, 1. 37* Ceedmon has ^IsO'^nl^e mece/' p. 208> \. 27. 



204 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



unpeaxenne* 

eapim* jieoban majan* 

mib mece pp hine job lete* 

ne polbe him beopht pebep.* 

beajin setnfman* 

hahj t:ibep* 

&c mib hanba bepenj* 

]^a him jtrjTian cpom* 

)*tepi o}: heofoaum- 

pulbjiep hleoiSoji. lo 

pdjib aejrteji j-pjiaec* 

ne fleh ]?u abjiaham* [ 16S ] 

'pin &^en beajm* 

prniu mib fpeojibe* 

y6^ If jecy^Seb* 

nu )>!n cunnobe* 

cyninj al-pihta- 

f pvL fi^ palbenb* 

ps§pe heolbe. 

paepte fcpeope* ao 

pea J?e ppeo'So pceal- 

m llp-bajum- 

lenjept peop«an. 

dpa to albjie* 

dnppicienbo* 

hu }yeapp mannep punu* 

mdpaii tpeope* 

ne behpyJpan maej;;* 

heopon ;j eop'Se* 

hip pulbpep pdpb- 30 

pibbpa ^ pibbpa* 

|iOnne bepae^man m^je* 

pdlban pceatfcap- 



uuwaxen^ 

with the edge^ the ruddy youth^ 

with the sword^ if God him would 

let. 
T?ie glorious Father would not 
the child accept^ [from him 

a holy offering ; 
but with his hands held him. 

Then him moving came 
a voice from heaven^ 
glorious sound ! 
words then spake :— • 
' Slay thou not^ Abraham I 
thine own child^ 
thy son, with the sword ; 
the truth is manifested : 
now hath proved thee 
the King of all creatures^ 
that thou, towards the Supreme^ 
boldest My compact^ 
. firm faith, 

which to thee a blessing shall^ 
in thy life's days^ 
longest be, 
for evermore 
unfailing. 

How needs a son of man 
a greater pledge } 
May not subvert 
heaven and earth 
his glory's word, . 
further and wider spread 
than may embrace 
earth's regions. 



Apparently an error for ecj;um.. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



205 



eoji^an ymbhpyppt* 
•5 tip-poboji. 
Xdjirecjej- j!n. 

ne' &S fpepeiS- 

en^la ]?e6ben* 

pypba palbenb* 

^ pejieba job- 

r(5«j3ert pjojia. 

]^ujih hif rylpef lip. 

^ finep cynnep. 

;3*cneop-mdja. 

jianb-pijjenbpa • 

jilin ne cunnon* 

ylbo opep eoji'San* 

ealle cjiaepte- 

fco jepecjenne- 

pdiSum pdjibum* 

nyin«e hpylc )?»p pnottop< 

in pepan peopiSe- 

^ he dna mssje* 

ealle jeplman* 

]*tdnap on eopiSan- 

jteoppan on heoponuni* 

pj^-beopja panb^. 

pealfce ySa- 

&c hie jepfcta^ • 

be p^m tpeonum* 

0*8 ejipte. 

Inca %eobe* 

lanb cananea* 

leobe J?ine- 



the world's circumference^ 

and firmament above^ 

ocean's expanse^ 

and this murmuring air. 

He an oath sweareth^ 

the Lord of angels^ 
* Ruler of destinies 

and God of hosts^ 

the just Conqueror, 
10 by his own life^ 

that of thy tribe 

and kindred, 

shielded warriors, 

the number shall not be able, 

men on earth, 

with all their might, 

to say 

in true words, 

save any one thus wise 
20 in mind become, 

that he alone can 

number all 

the stones in eairth, 

the stars in heaven, 

the sea-mountains' sand, 

the salt waves : 

for they shall sit 

by the two seas, 

unto Egypt 
30 the people of .... » 

the land of Canaan, 

thy people. 



* ne is apparently an error for he. 

^ MS. and Jun. junb. The correction is admitted into the text, as being both; 
necessary to the sense and in conformity with Gen. jjh^ 17 : "And as the 
sand which is upon the sea shore^'^ 



206 



CMDMCm'S PARAPflRASil. 



ppeo beajiii<^):aBbe}i« 
]:olca felojt;:* 

XLVniL* 

Folc paej- ajs^peb* 
fldb-ejj-a beq^dm- 

jajraf 2^inp6- 
^eopon beaiSe hpedp- 
paepon beojih>hk%u- 
bldbe beptemeb- 
holm heolj:pe fp^p- 
hpeam paep on y^Sum. 
paefcep paepna pil- 
pael-mift ajrflb* 
paepon ejypte- 
ept oncyjibe- 
plu2;;on pophfcijenbe. 
p6p onjefcon. 
polbon hepe bleaSe*** 
hdmap pinban* 
jylp peap"? jnopnpa- 
him on^en jen^p* 
afcol fSh jepealo- 
ne Saep seni; becpom* 
hep^ep to h<(me- 
&c behmban beleac* 
pypb mib pa&je. 
J^aep afep pejap lajon*. 
mepe mdbjobe. 
mae^en paep dbpenceb. 
jt^peamap jncdbon. 
ptopm up-jepdfc- 



10 



father of noble children 1 
of folk most excellent/ 

XLVIIir. 

[ 1 66 ] 27ie folk was affrighted, 
the flood-dread seized on 
their sad souls ; 
ocean wailed with death, 
the mountain heights were 
with blood besteamed, 
the sea foamed gore, 
crying was in the waves, 
the water full of weapons, 
a death-mist rose ; 
the Egyptians were 
turned back ; 
trembling they fled, 
they felt fear : 
would that host gladly 
find their homes ; 
their vaunt grew sadder : 
against them, as a cloud, rose 
the fell rolling of the waves ; 
there came not any 
of that host to home, 
but from behind inclosed them 
fate with the wave. 
Where ways ere lay 
sea raged. 

Their might was merged, 
the streams stood^ 
30 the storm rose 



20 



^ Between pp. 164 and 165 (which are blank in the. MS.) are vestiges of mu- 
tilation, -whereby Canto XLVIII. seems to be lost. 
^ Probablya provincial variation, or 2aa error, for bli^e. 
^ Those that had been opened for the passtfge of the Israelites* 



CSDMON'S PARAffHBrAS£. 



207 



heah to hejopiium* 
hejie-pdpa m8§]l:* 
la'Se cyjimibQn* 
lyffc up jejjeajic. 

fldb bldb 5^p<5b* 
jianb-byjiij p»ppn popen6< 
jiobop fpipobe- 
mepe-.beaiSa lufejrt* 
mdbije fpulfcon- 
cyninjaf on cojii5jie-» . 
cyjie rpi«nobe. 
pSf aet enbe. 
pij-bdpi) .jxmon • 
heah oj^p.haeleiSum* 
hohn-peall £ftah< 
mepe-ftjpeam mdbij* 
masjen paef on cp^alme- 
p&jre gepetepob. 
j:op«5anjer nep- 
j-eajipum aps&leb. 
panb bajienobon- 
pifcobpe pypbe. 
hponne pa«enm ftpeam. 
pncalba pa§» 
pealtum y^Sum. 
aeplaptum jepuna*- 
ece pta'Sulap • 
nacub nyb-boba» 
neopan c6me. 
pah pcSe jajt''. 
pe^e peonbum jeneop^ 
paep peo haepene lypt» 



high to heaven*; 

the loudest army^cry 

the hostile uttered ; 

the air above was thickened 

with dymg voices.; 

blood pervaded' ^A^ flpiod^ 

the shield- walls were xiven. 

shook the firmament 

that greatest of ^seardsaths r 
la the proud died^ 

kings in a body ; 

the return prevailed 

of the sea at length; 

their bucklers shone 

high over the soldiers ; 

the sea-wall rose^ 

the proud ocean^stream, 

their might in death was 

fastly fettered, 
20 The tide's neap 

.with the war-enginepyobstructedy 

laid bare the scmd 

.to the fated host^ 

when the wandering nstream^ 

.Me ever eoldse^, 

with its salt waves, 

its eternal stations 
a naked involuntary mes&enger 
30 came to visit. 

hostile was the spirit jof. death 
who the foes overwhehned 5 
the blue air was 



^ I am unable to assign even a conjectural senee to this line. 
^ For this line, which sesms -devoid of sense, we should ^probably read, j:ah 
jraeje ^ajt, or, as at p. 188. I. 16, j:leah'j:«xe ^aj-t^. 



2oa 



c^DMON's paraphrase: 



heoljrjie ^eblanben* 
bpim bejijreiibe» 
bliSb-ejefan hpedp* 
p^-manna ji'S* 
oiS f ydV mecob' 
]?ujih moyfef hanb* 
in<5b jejiymbe* 
pibe p»'Bbe- 
pael peiSmum ppeop* 
fl<5b pdm^obe- 
pe^e cpun^on- 
lapi lanb ^epeol* 
lypc p»p onhjiepeb- 
pfcon peall-jaej-ten. 
pjfejap bujifton- 
multon mepe-toppap*- 
]?a pe mihci^ ploh* 
mib halite hanb* 
heopon-picej* peapb. 
pep-beamap- 
plance "Seobe* 
ne mihton pophabban* 
helpenbpa** pa's, 
mepe-ptpeamej* mdb- 
ic he manesum ^epceob- 
jyllenbe jpype* 
jappecj pebbe- 
up-ateah on pleap^» 
ejepan ptdbon- 
peoUon ps§l-benna; 
pifcpob** jepeol* 
heah op heoponum* 



[167] 



10 



90 



30 



with corruption tainted ; 

the bursting ocean 

whooped a bloody etorm^ 

the seamen's way ; 

till that the true God, 

through Moses' hand^ 

enlarged its force, 

widely drove it, 

it swept death in its embrace ; 

the flood foamed, 

the fated died, 

water deluged the laud, 

the air was agitated, 

yielded the rampart holds, 

the waves burst over them, 

the sea-towers melted. 

When the Mighty struck, 

with holy hand, 

the Guardian of heaven'skingdom, 

the lofty wavHoTSy 

the proud nation : 

they might not have 

a safer path, 

for the sea-stream's force, 

but it o'er many shed 

yelling horror. 

Ocean raged, 

drew itself up on high 

the storms rose, 

the corpses rolled i 

fated fell 

high from heavea 



^ By mejie-rojijiaj the rocks seem to be intended. 

^ Possibly an error for helpenbjian. 

^ I have translated (according to Lye's conjecture) on j-teap. 

^ Apparently an encor for pitob. 



V 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



209 



faanb-peopc jobej- . 
jidmij-bofma- 
jJdb-peajibe floh. 
unhleopan pae;- 
albe mece*. 
f Vy beaS-bpepC' 
bpihte j'paepon- 
rynpillpa fpeofc. 
paplum luiinon* 
fxyte bepapene* 
pldb-bldc hepe- 
piSSan hie on bojum- 
bpun yppinje. 
xndbe-pseja maepfc* 
TDS&^en eall jebpedj*. 
"Sa fe jebpencfce'*. 
bujoiS ejypca. 
papaon mib hip polcum 
he onpeonb*^ hpa^e« 
jtX^slu jejt^dh. 
jobep anbpaca* 
^ pap mihti^a* 
inepe-pldbep peapb* 
polbe hupu p»'Bmum« 
hilbe jepceaban. 
yppe 3 ejepjzuU. 
ejyptumpeap«. 
p«Y baej-peopcep* 
beop le&n jej'ceob- 
popSam >aep hepijep. 
hdm ept ne com* 
eallep tinjpunbep« 



10 



90 



30 



the hand vrork of God : 

of the foamy gulfs 

the Guardian of the flood struck 

the unsheltering wave 

with an ancient faulchion, 

that in the swoon of death 

those armies slept^ 

those bands of sinful 

sunk with their souls 

fast encompassed^ 

the flood-pale host^ 

after that them in its gulfs 

the brown expanse^ 

of proiid waves greatest^ 

all their power, overthrew ; 

when was drowned 

the flower of Egypt, 

Pharaoh with his folk. 

He found quickly 

after he arose, 

a denier of Gpd, 

that was mightier 

the sea-flood's Guardian : 

yet would he with arms 

decide the conflict, 

angry and terrible. 

To the Egyptians was, 

for that day's work, 

a deep requital given ; 

since of that niultitude 

came not home again, 

of all the boundless host. 



^ See p. 203, line 23. Also Beovmff, p. 191, 1. 10. 
^ MS. and Junius, ^ebjiectre. 

<^ MS. andJunius, on j:eonb; but manifestly an error of the scribe for onj:onb, 
or rather onjpanb. 

P 



210 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



aeni; to l&jie* 
f te p^ heopo*. 
fecjan moft%* 
bobijean »pfcep bup^um 
bealo-fpella mseft* 
hopb-peajiba hjiyjie. 
ha&le'Sa cpenum- 
dc ]7a m8sjen-]?peat:a]** 
mepe-bea'S jefpealh.^ 



any as remnant^ 
that even their fate 
might say^ 
[169] publish abroad^ 

greatest of baleful tales ; 

their princes* ** fall, 

to the consorts of the warriors ; 

but those mighty bands 

the sea-death swallowed. 



fpel-boban j-elSe 

rpeb ahte. 

m i¥ iff 



10 



of the messenger who 
speed possessed, 



hie** piiS job punnon 
]7anon ipjiahelum* 
ece jiafebaf . 
on mejie-hpeappe. 
moyfej*® faejbe. 
heah-)?unjen peji. 
hahje fpju^ce* 
bedp sSjienbe* 
b»3-peojic nemna'B^- 
JT^ jyt peji-iSeobe. 



20 



understood the vaunt of the men 
who against God warred. 
Thence to the Israelites 
eternal counsels, 
on the sea-sbote, 
Moses said, 
illustrious man, 
a holy speech, 
a solemn errand, 
{a day-work called, 
as men yet 



^ The same as hujiu^ or rather an error for heojia. 
^ Literally, treasure-guardians, 

^ Between this line and the following, some verses are evidently wanting. 
^ hie seems to be an error for ]>e. 
^ MS. and Junius moyje. 

' To what the poet here alludes is extremely doubtful. For nemnatf> the sense 
seems to require that we should read nemneb. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



211 



on jepjiitum }:mba^- 

bdina jehpilcne. 

}>ajia "Se him bjiihten bebeab< 

on J?am p'S-ffce. 

fd'Sum pdjibum. 

jij: onlucan pile*- 

lipep pealhf&<5b* 

beojihfc m bpeoptum. 

b£n-hufef peapb**. 

pn-paepten job. 

japtep cjgjon- 

ptin biiS. jejiecenob. 

ju&b fojiS 3»'S. 

hapa% piplicu^ 

pdpb on paeiSme. 

pile meajollice* 

mdbum ts^an* 

f pe jepne ne pyn*^. 

^ # # 



10 



find in the Scriptures,) 

each ordinance 

which him the Lord commanded, 

on that journey, 

in words of truth. 

If will unlock 
life's Interpreter, 
bright in our breasts 
the body's guardian, 
the widely powerful God, 
with the keys of the spirit, 
mystery shall be explained, 
counsel shall go forth : 
he hath wise 
words in his bosom, 
he will powerfully 
teach our minds, 
that we seem not. 



jobep ]?eobpcipep. 
mefcobej' miltpa. 
he up md onlyh'S. 
nti up bocepap. 
betepan pecja^S* 
lenjpan lypt^ pynna 
J>ip ip laene bpeam* 
pommum apypjeb. 



20 



of God's law, 

of the Creator's mercies. 

He us more enlighteneth. 

Now us learned men 

tell of a better, 

a longer life of delights. 

This is a slender Joy, 

with sins accursed, 



» This and the five following lines are thus rendered by Hickes. *' Si verax 
Deus, pectore lacidus, vitse interpres, vult mentem reserare, spiritus clavibus." — 
Cfr. A.S, p. 198. I regret my inability to give a satisfactory translation of this 
.very obscure part of the poem. 

^ The spirit : literally, bone-house's warden. 

<^. Between this and the following line, several lines are wanting, containing the 
beginning of Moses's speech ; both the sense and the alliteration being defective. 

^ lyjpt is possibly an error of the scribe for.lij. 

P 2 



212 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ppeccum* alyjzeb. 
eapmjia dnbib* 
e^Jelleafe. 
J^ypie jyrt-rele. 
jih'Buin^ healbeS* 
mujina^ on mdbe- 
mdn-htif piton* 
peft unbeji ]X)lban« 
J>»ji his ffji "J pyjim* 
open ece fcjiaej:. 
ypela jehpylcef . 
fpa nu lYejn-J^eoFaf *^- 
jilce bs61a%* 
ylbo o'S'Se 8&p bea%* 
eytpYiib cym^**. 
msejen-l^pymma ms^jt:. 
ojiep mibban-jeajib* 
baej-bsebum pdh. 
bjiihten fylpa- 
on J?am me'Bel-ftebe. 
manepim beme'S- 
]?onne he fd^paej-cpa. 
papla laebefi. 
eabije japtap. 
on up-pobop« 
J?aep leoht •] 15p. 



allowed to the tvretched 

the expectation of the miserable. 

Tlie homeless 

this guest-hall 

as a refuge hold, 

mourn in mind. 

The house of sin we know, 

fast under earth ; 

there are fire and worm, 
10 an ever open den 

of every evil : 

so now imperious spoilers 

the empire deal : 

age or earlier death 

afterward cometh, 

ofpotvers greatest, 

throughout mid-earthy 

in day-deeds hostile. 

The Lord himself, 
ao in the judgment-place, 

shall judge many, 

when he the uprights* 
[170] souls leadeth, 

blessed spirits, 

into heaven above, 

where is light and life. 



* MS. j7ineccam : corrected by Junius to pjieccum. 

^ jyhfJ i. forsan q. xehyht: refvtgiwm, SuppL ad Lye ; where 1. 3-6 are thus 
rendered: "patria orbi hoc hospitium in refugium tenent." The MS. reads 
jihtfum. * 

^ The word jie^n in this obscure passage seems equivalent in composition to 
our arch. In the Harm, Evang, Cott,, as quoted by Lye, the same compound 
occurs (regin-thiebos). Regin is also among the difficult words in Ssemund's 
£dda. See Prof. F. Magnusen's note on the Vafthrtidnism&U Str. 3. 

^ MS. and Junius, ejpt; pyjib cymfH; but both the sense and the alliteration re- 
quire the combination of the first two syllables. Perhaps^ to complete the metre, 
we should also read cymet^ for cymt^. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



213 



eac ]^on lij^a blaeb* 
bubo's on bjieame* 
bfiihten hejuja'S- 
pejioba pulboji-cyninj. 
to piban feope- 
fpa jieojibobe. 
I«6ba jemynbij. 
manna milboj^t* 
mihtum Ypiieb' 
faldban fcepie* 
hejie ftille hib^ 
pitobef pillan* 
punboji onjefcon- 
mdbijep mti%-ha61« 
he fed ma&nepim pppaec 
micel If J?eoj' menijeo* 
mse^en-pipa tjium* 
jzollepta msepfc. 
pe "Bap pape laebe?. 
hapa% upon cananea* 
cyn jelypeb. 
bujih ^ beajap*- 
bjiibe pice, 
pile nu jelaeptan* 
f he lanje jehet- 
mib dS-ppape. 
enjla bpihten* 
in pypn-bapim. 
paebepyn-cynne • 
ppje jehealba'S. 
hahje Mpe* 
f je peonba jehpone* 
popfi opepjanjafi. 
jepitta'B pije-pice. 



fruition also of comforts ; 

where the good in joy 

praise the Lord^ 

the glorious King of hosts^ 

for ever.' 
Thus spake, 

of counsels mindful, 

the mildest of men, 

by power strengthened, 
10 with loud voice. 

Still the host awaited 

the famed marCs will ; 

they the wonder perceived, 

the bold one's salutary speech. 

He to the multitudes spake : 

' Great is this many, 

the army-leader firm, 

of all-perfect beings greatest, 

who this march leadeth ; 
20 he hath from above MeCanaanites' 

race delivered, 

their towns and treasures, 

their ample realm : 

he will now perform 

what he long hath promised, 

with oath-swearing, 

the Lord of angels, 

in days of old, 

to the tribe of your fathers ; 
30 if ye observe 

his holy lore ; — 

that ye each enemy 

shall henceforth overcome ; 

victorious shall inhabit. 



« Literally, bracelets. 



214 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



be faem tpeonuni' 

beoji-felaf beojina' 

bi'8 eopep blaeb miceU 

sejiteji ^anx pdjibum* 

pejiob paef on falum* 

fimj^on pje-byman» 

fejnaf j-fedbon* 

on jaejejine fpej- 

p)lc paep on lanbe* 

haepbe pulbjiep beam* lo 

pejiub jeMbeb. 

habje heapar- 

on hilb jobep. 

Mpe jepedn*^. 

|?a hie o'Sls&beb h»pbon* 

peoph op peonba bdme* 

l^eah ISe hie hifc* ppecne jene'S- 

bon- 
pejiap unbeji paetejia hji6pap- 
jepapon hie |?aep peallap ptanban 
ealle him bjumu bldbije )^uh- 

ton* 90 

Jmjih )>a heojia beabo-peajio pae- 

son. 
hjie'Sbon hilbe ppelle. 



by the two seas, 

the halls ^ of chieftains ; 

your prosperity shall be great/ 
After those words 

the host was glad ; 

swig the trumps of triumph^ 

the banners rose 

at the joyous sound, 

the folk was on land. 
Had the pillar of glory 

led the host, 

the holy bands, 

through God*s favour, 

in life rejoicing, 

when they had saved 

Meir lives from the enemies' power, 

though they had cruelly oppress-* 
ed them, 

the men under the roofs of waters. 
There they saw walls standing, 

seemed to them all the waters 
bloody, 

through which their warlike en- 
ginery had moved : [^speech 

they were cheered by the martial 



pi'S^an hie )>anj piiJ-popon 

m * * , 

hdpon hepe-|?peatap- 
hWbe ptepne. 
pop }?am baeb-peopce. 
bpihfcen hepebon. 
pepaj' pulbpej' p^j- 



after they to those before 

raised the army-bands 

a loud voice, 

for that great work 

praised the Lord, 

the men a song of glory. 



a Literally, heer-kalU, 

^ This I suspect to be an error for xejpeonbe. 

^ For hir^ the sense seems to require hie. 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



215 



pif on o^jium* 
Folc-j7)eofca msft* 
}:yjib-leo'8 jalan* 
aclum ftepnum* 
eall-piinbjia pela- 
J?a paBf cS-pynbe. 
apjupc meople* 
on jeoponep ptaiSe* 
jolbe jepeop'JJob. 
hanb ahopon* 
halp-puji'8unje. 
bliiSe paepon- 
bofce 2;epapon> 
hebbon hepe-peapep. 
haept peep onj^leb* 
onj^unnon ps^-lape** 
]*e;num b^lan- 
on j^-lape**- 
ealbe mabma]** 
peap ^ panbap* 
heo on pihfc pce6^. 
jolb ^ job-peb* 
lopepep jeptpeon. 
pepa pulbop-jejt^alb 
pepijenb lajon* 



[ 171 ] {the women in turn,) 
greatest of multitudes^ 
sung a martial song, 
with clear voices, 
of all those many wonders. 

Then was to be found 
the African maid, 
on ocean's shore, 
with gold adorned ; 
10 they raised the hand 
of supplication. 

They [the Israelites] were blithe, 
saw their compensation ; 
heeded the martial spoil, 
captivity was loosened ; 
they begun, what the sea had 
in nets to deal, [spared, 

among the survivors of the flood, 
ancient treasures, 
20 vestments and shields. 
T^ey justly divided 
the gold and purple'', 
Joseph's treasure, 
the glory of men. 
Cursing lay 



> Literally, the sea^leavings, ^ Literally, iheflood-kavinffa. 

^ Upon this word Lye has the following : " Sceo, in j ceo-jolb, forsaii quasi 
skk-gold, prasfantissimum aurum, a Cimbrice ski, prcBstantia ;" but by forming 
a compound of jce6 and jolb, the metre is destroyed. May not j ce6 be the be- 
ginning only of rce6bon, divided, the termination having been omitted by the 
carelessness of the scribe ? The entire passage is extremely obscure. 

^ Isl. Gutfvefr, textura discolor, figurata, prcBsertim textura militaria, qualia 
fuit vexiUorum ; tales togas figuratas nostrates, qui lautiore erant in re, traxere. 
Bjorn Haldorsen, Lex. Isl. The word occurs also in Ssemund's Edda: see 
Ham>is-mdl, Str. \7, p. 271, Edit. Stockh. Prof. F. Magnusen explains it, 
the purple of the northern nations. The Islanders seem to have derived it from 
gut^ur or gutr, hattk» 



216 



C^DMON*8 PARAPHRASE. 



10 



on bea^S-jt:ebe. 
bpihc-folca ma&j-fc*:- 

L. 

JjefjiBepk ic hebjieof • [ 17S ] 

eabje liji^ean* 

in hiejiufalem* 

3olb-hojib bs^lan* 

cyninsbdm habban. 

J7)a him jecynbe paej*. 

p^JiSan ]?ujih metobej* msejen* 

on moypef h^b* 

peaj\« pl5 ppen. 

pijena ma&nieo* 

3 hie op ^ypcum- 

tit aptfjion- 

masjene micle* 

f p»f mdbij cyn. 

}^enben hie J^y jiice. 

ps^ban ino]t:on* 

biyij^um peolbon- 

paep him beopht'pela* 

)>enben ^ pole mib him* 

hiejia pa&beji pa^pe* 

healban polbon* 

p8Bp him hypbe j6b. 

heopon-plcep peapb* 

hah; bpihcen. 

pulbpep palbenb. 

pe "Sam pepube jeap- 

m6b ^ mihte* 

metob al-pihta- 

f hie ope pela polca. 

peope jepceobon* 



90 



30 



on their death-place, 
of people the greatest. 

L. 

7%« Hebrews, as I have un- 
lived prosperous [derstood, 
in Jerusalem, 
gold-treasure distributed^ 
had kingly sway, 
as to them was genial, 
after that, through the Creator's 
into Moses' hand [might, 
martial force was given, 
many warriors, 
and they from Egypt 
had marched out, 
with great power. 
That was a haughty race, 
while they the realm 
might rule, 

swayed over their cities : 
to them was bright weal, 
while the folk with him [God] 
their fathers' covenant 
would hold. 

Was to them a good shepherd 
M^Guardianof heaven'skingdom, 
the holy Lord, 
the Chief of glory, 
who to that multitude gave 
courage and might, 
the Lord of all creatures ; 
so that they oft many nations 
from life separated, 



« MS. me, after which is an erasure. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



217 



hejujer helmum. 

pB,]iB, ]>e him holb ne p»]'- 

0*8 f hie plenco anpiSb- 

«fc pin-|7eje- 

beopol-baSbum- 

bjiuncne je^Sohfcajs 

l^a hie a&-cji«}.'fcaf • 

Snpojilefcon*. 

mecobep maejenpcipe. 

fpa n<5 man pcyle. 

hlj- japtep lupan* 

PI'S jobe bs^lan* 

l^a jepeah ic |?a jebjiihfc**. 

in jebpolan hpeoppan* 

ipjiahela cyn. 

tinjuht b<5n. 

pommap pyjicean* 

f pap peopc jobe. 

opt he I'am leobum* 

ISpe penbe* 

heopon-picep peapb. 

hahj^e japfcap. 

I^a l^am pepube. 

pipbom buboii* 

hie )>»pe pnytpo. 

pd'8 jelypbon. 

lytle hpile. 

0*8 f hie^ lanjunj beppfc 

eop'San bpeamap* 

ecej' psfebep* 

f hie aec ji"8eptan. 

pylpe poplecon. 

bpihfcnep bdmap • 



with th^r army's chieftains^ 

those who were not friendly to 
them ; 

till that them pride invaded^ 

at their wine-bibbings, 

with diabolic deeds^ 

drunken thoughts^ 

when they their legal institutes 

abandoned^ 

the Lord's supremacy. 
10 Thus no man ought 

his spirit's love 

with God divide. 

Then saw I that multitude 

into error turn, 

the tribe of Israel 

do unrighteousness, 

perpetrate crimes ; 

that was grief to God : 

oft he to those nations 
00 sent, for their instruction, 

heaven's kingdom's Guardian, 

holy spirits, 

who to the multitude 

Avisdom should preach ; 

they in that wisdom 

verily believed, 

a little while, 

till that them desire deceived, 

joys of earth, 
30 of eternal sway ; 

so that, at the last, they 

themselves forsook 

the Lord's decrees, 



* MS. and Junius, ane j:ojileron. 
^ MS. and Junius, me. 



^ MS. and Junius, }eie bpiht. 



218 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



cujiOB beo)Jef cpaejit* 
}7a peaji'S pe'Se mdb* 
picef ISeoben- 
tinholb }7eob^n"* 
)^am 'pe seHxte ^eaj:* 
pifbe^ him 2dt yjiytnXe 
•Ba "Se on pjiuman*^. 
»]\ 'Son paepon man-cynnef 
metobe byjiujt:. 
bujo'Sa byjiuft- 
bjuhtne leojiojt:- 
hejie-pa'8** to |?aBj\e. 
hein byjiij- 
eoj\lum el'Seobi^um* 
on elSel-lanb- 
J^a&p falem jtrtfb. 
feajipum ap&jtuob- 
peallum jepeoji'Sob- 
fco l^aep pifcjan pdjion. 
calbea cyn* 
to ceaptjie poji^* 
l^aep ippaela- 
»hta ps^jion* 
bepjuj^ene mib peopcum* 
to |?am f pejiob jeptfp- 
maejen-)>jieat m^]ie* 
m&n-bealpep jeojin* 
apehte J^one pael-ni^- 
pepa albop-ppea • 
babildnep bjiejo- 
on hip bujih-ptebe. 



[mi 



10 



20 



30 



chose the devil's craft. 

Then became the fierce of mind^ 
the prince of the reahn^ 
faithless to Ai^.Lord^ 
to him who had given him wealthy 
taught him at first 
those that in the beginning, 
ere which they were of mankind 
dearest to the Creator, 
of people dearest, 
most beloved of the Lord. 
an army-path to the 
high city, 
to the foreign men, 
into the country 
where Salem stood, 
with engines strengthened, 
with walls adorned. 
To this came soothsayers, 
the Chaldean race, 
forth to the city, 
where the Israelites' 
possessions were, 
covered with works ; 
to which the host proceeded, 
a great and powerful band, 
zealous for sinful evil. 

Then fatal hate excited 
the chief lord of men, 
the prince of Babylon, 
in his metropolis. 



» For J>eoben we should probably read feobne. 

^ MS. and Junius, yiy^e, 

<^ Of this and the six following lines I have given what I believe to be a literal 
translation ; that it is not more intelligible must be ascribed, partly at least, to 
the defective state of the Saxon text. 

<* MS. hejiepo?^ ; Junius, he jiepot^. 



GiEDMON'S PABAPHRAJBE. 



219 



nabochobonojyop • 

pixph ni'S-hete. 

f he fecan on^an* 

fejan jehyjbum- 

hA he ijTiaelum* 

ea'Soft meahce. 

|?uph jjiomjia janj. 

juman o'Sl^jiinjan* 

jefamnobe |^a. 

fu'San T nop'SaU' 

pael-hjieop pejiob- 

^ pejt: f^jian*. 

hejiije hae'Sen-cymnja. 

CO l^aejie hedn byjuj» 

ijTiaela* 

e'Bel-peajibap*** 

lufan® lif-pelan- 

|?enben hie let mefcob- 

}^a eac e'San 'S^^fjtaspi* 

ealb-peonba cyn. 

pln-bujih pejia. 

J^a pijan ne jelypbon. 

bejie^fobon 'pa. peceba pulboji 

jiedban jolbe* 

pince T peolfrjie. 

j-alomonej' fcempl» 

jeftjitibaD jeptpeona* 

imbeji j'tdn-hh'Sum* 

fpilc eaU ppa )>a eojilaf • 

djan pceolbon- 

o^ f hie bupja jehpone* 

abjiocen haejzbon. 

}>ajia |?e J>ani polce. 



10 



2Q 



30 



Nebuchadnezzar^ 
through hostile grudge ; 
so that he began seek^ 
in his mind's thoughts^ 
how he from the Israelites 
might most easily^ [bandsy 

through the march of his fierce 
the men force away. 
He then assembled^ 
from south and north, 
a blood-thirsty host^ 
and .ibocfe march west^ 
a band of heathen kings 
to the metropolis 
of the Israelites, 
the country's guardians, 
their dear life's treasures, 
while them the Creator permitted. 
Then also, I have learned, over- 
the tribe of ancient foes [ran 

the people's beloved city. 
The warriors believed not. 
Then spoiled thet/ the glory of 
of its red gold, [fanes 

riches and silver, 
the temple of Solomon, 
plundered the treasures, 
under their stony coverings, 
all whatever those mea 
might possess ; 
till that they each city 
had subdued, 
which with that people 



a After fSLjiaa, hec, or a word of like import, seems to have been omitted, 
b This line seems in apposition to the preceding, hejii^e haet^en-cyninja. 
^ An error probably for leoj:an. 



220 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



to jriulSe ftdbon* 

jehltfbbn him to hvcSe* 

hopb-peajiba jejtpeon- 

fe& 3 ppeof . 

fpilc ]?8eji pinben p»f • 

;] pSL mib ]?am aehtum- 

ejzt p^eboD- 

^ ^^Is&bbon eac. 

on lanjne p%* 

ifjiaela cyn« lo 

on eajt:-pe5af • 

to babilonia» 

beopua tinjdm* [ ^75 ] 

unbeji hanb haelelS- 

hse'Senum beman* 

nabochobonoffoji • 

him on nyb bybe- 

ifjiaela beajm- 

dtop ealle lupen- 

paepna laj:e*« » 

to peojic-|?eopum. 

onfenbe ]?«[• 

finpa l^ejna- 

pojm ^my pepubef • 

peft^ to pejian- 

^ him |?aj\a leobe* 

lanb jeheolbe* 

e'8ne e'8el« 

mpce\i eb}\eum . [176] 

het }^a fecan- 3o 

fine jejiejran* 

jeonb ifjiaela* 

eajime lape* 

hpilc |?8§pe jeojoiJe . 



stood in peace. [spoil 

2^^ loaded on themselves for 

the riches of the treasure wards^ 

money and captives^ 

such as there was found ; 

and then with those possessions 

marched back^ 

and also led 

on a long journey 

the tribe of Israel, 

on the east ways, 

to Babylon, 

men unnumbered, 

the people under subjection 

to a heathen ruler, 

Nebuchadnezzar. 

By force he made to him 

the children of Israel, 

without all love J 

the weapons' leaving, 

for work-slaves. 

He sent then 

of his ministers 

a band of the host 

to go westward, 

that for him of that people 

they the land might hold 

a subject country 

after the Hebretvs, 

Bade then seek 

his reeves, 

through Israel's 

poor renmant, 

which of the youth 



* The survivors : see p. 121, 1. 32. *> MS. and Junius, j-e/. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



221 



jleapojt: pa&jie* 

b6ca bebdbef . 

)?e baeji bpunjen paej-*. 

polbe f |?a cmhtaf • 

cjiaejit leojinebou* 

^ him piyfcpo on fejzan- 

fecjan mihce. 

nalef "Sy 'pe he ^ mojTe" 

o*8?e jemunan polbe- 

^ he t^apa ppena* 

jobe J>ancobe. 

J?e him l^aep fco bujulSe. 

bpihten pcypebe. 

)?a hie |?Kp pmbon. 

CO Fpea'* jleape. 

«*8ele cnihtap • 

3 jfepaejte. 

jmje "3 5obe. 

m job faebe* 

in paej* ananiaf • 

o^ep azapiaf • 

J^pibba mipael. 

metx)be jecopene- 

]?a )^py comon- 

tx) |?eobne }:opaii* 

heapbe 3 hije-l^ancle- 

)?aBp pe hse'Sena ps&t* 

cynmj cop'Spep jeopn. 

m calbea bypij* 

|?a hie |?am plancaii* 

pipbdm pceolbon* 

pepap ebpea* 

pdpbum cyiSbon®' 



were most skilful 

ill the precepts of books^ 

which was thither brought. 

He would that those children 

should learn science^ 

that to him wisdom in their minds 

might speak ; 

not because he that might 

or would remember^ 
10 or that for those gifts 

God would thank^ 

which on him there for dignity 

the Lord had bestowed. 
Then they there founds 

for their Lord^ skilful 

noble youths 

and pious^ 

young and good^ 

of good race : 
20 one was Hananiah, 

the second Azariah, 

the third Mishael, 

by the Lord chosen. 
These three came 

before the prince^ 

bold and thoughtful-minded, 

where the heathen sate^ 
the king studious of pomp^ 

in the Chaldeans' city. 
30 Then they to the proud prince 

must wisdom 
{the Hebrew men^) 
by words reveal, 



* This line refers to the words ea/ime lajre, p. 220^ 1. 33. 
^ Apparently an error for jzjiean. 
c Apparently an error for cyt^an. 



222 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASR. 



hije-cjiSBft heane* 
]?u]ih hah; mdb* 
)?a ye beojin bebeab* 
babilone peajib* 
rpilSmtfb cynmj. 
flnum yegaum* 
f )?a jrjium-jajiaf • 
bejreope baebe*. 
^ |?am jenjum |^j\yni 
jfib'* ne p»jie- 
yijte ne ps§be* 
m pojiulb-llpe:* 

LI. 



10 



pa p«j' bpeme- 

babilone peajib- 

ms^jie ^ m<5bij. 

opeji mibban-j^eajib* 

ejfiiyul ylba beapnum* 

no he s6 fpemebe. 

ic in opephyjbe. 

aejhpKf lifbe- 

J^a l^am polc-tpjan. 

on pjium-fla&pe. 

ji^^an to pejt:e jehpeapj: 

jiice Jieoben. 

com on fejzan hpujipui* 

ppepnep poma- 

hu pojiulb ps&jie- 

punbjium jefcedb- 

tinjelic ylbum. 

oiJ ebpceapfce* 



[177] 



au 



30 



high mental power, 
through holy mind. 

Then the chief commanded, 
the lord of Babylon ; 
the rigorous king, 
to his servants, 
.{what the princes 
before didj) 

that to the three youths 
should be no sparing 
of food or weeds, 
in worldly life, 

LI. 

Then was renowned 
the guardian of Babylon, 
great and proud 
over mid-earth, 
terrible to the children of men. 
He no law promoted, 
but in contempt 
of every one he lived. 

Then to the people's chief, ^ 
in his first sleep, 
after he had gone to rest, 
the powerful prince, 
came passing into his mind 
the terror of a dream : 
how the world was 
wonderously framed, 
unlike to meUy 
until regeneration. 



A The interpretation of this line is conjectural. The entire passage is very 
obscure, and, I believe, very corrupt* 

^ I have rendered the word jdb by sparing, conjecturing that it may be an 
error for jnab, or jnatJ, from which the adjective jnetJen, sparing, &c. is pro- 
bably derived. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



223 



10 



peaji'B him on j'laepe. 

]'<5'8 jecy^eb- 

f te jiicef jehpKj'. 

jie'Se fceolbe j^elimpan* 

eoji'San bpeamaj* • 

enbe pujilSan* 

|?a onpdc pulp-heopt • [178] 

fe a&ji pin-jal rpaep- 

babilone peajib* 

naef him bh'Se hije- 

&c him fojih ajtrah* 

fpepiej- p6ma« 

no he jemimbe- 

f him metob pae]*- 

het |?a topomne* 

finjia leoba- 

^SL piccunjbdm. 

piboft baspon* 

ppae^n |?a 'Sa maeni^eo* 

hpaBt hme jemasfcte* 

J^enben peopb-bepenb. 

pepte punobe. 

peap'S he on j^am ej^epan* 

acol popben. 

}7ahene piJTc* 

pdpb ne Aapxi' 

ppepiep j-inep- 

het him pecjan }^eah* 

|7a him unbh^e* 

anbj7)apebon. 

beopol-picjan. 

naep him b<$m jeapu* 

to apecjanne- 



20 



90 



To him it wa8 in sleep 
soothly manifested^ 
that every kingdom 
evil should betide 
joys of earth 
be at end. 

Then awoke the wolf-hearted, 
who erst wine-drunken slept, 
the lord of Babylon ; 
he was not blithe in mind, 
but sorrow rose to him, 
the terror of his dream. 
He remembered not 
what he had dreamed : 
bade then together 
of his people, 
those who the magic art 
furthest carried. 

Then inquired the many 
what he had dreamed, 
while the king* 
at rest continued ? 
He had, through that horror, 
become chilled. 
Then he knew not 
a word nor the beginning 
of his dream ; 
yet bade he them to say it. 

Then him unblithely 
answered 

the infernal soothsayers : 
(they had not power ready 
to declare 



^ Literally^ the toord'hearing. Lye translates this epithet, Btfectionem afferens 
(quies). The passage may also admit of the following interpretation : whUe, 
with food sated, he on hU couch continued. 



224 



CiEDMON^S PARAPHRASE. 



11 



fpepen cynin^e* 

hu majon pe j^a byjle* 

bjuhicen ahicjan- 

on fejzan }^Siine* 

hu iSe fpepiebe. 

o^SISe pyjiba jefceajn:- 

pifbdm btibe- 

•gif )?u hip a&pept ne meaht- 

6ji apeccan- 

)?a him tinbh«e. [179] 

anb]7)apobe- 

pulp-heopc cyninj;* 

pit;^™ finuin* 

naepon je ppa eacne- 

opep ealle men* 

mdb-jej^ancep* 

ppa je me paejbon. 

T f jeq^aebon. 

f je culSon- 

mine albop lej^e* 20 

ppa me aeptep peaplS- 

o^S^Se ic puplSop. 

pmban pceolbe. 

ne je ms^tm^e* 

mine ne cunnon* 

]>h |?e me pop pepobe- 

pipbom bepe^S. 

je YpeltdX bea'Se. 

npnpe ic bdm pite. 

poSan ppepnep. 30 

l^aep min pepa mynbja*5» 

ne meahte |?a peo msem^eo* 

on l^am me'8el-ptebe. 

|?uph pifcijbdm. 

pihfce a)?encean* 

ne ahic^an* 



the dream to the king :) 

' How may we so deeply, 

O lord, search 

into thy mind, 

how thou hast dreamed, 

or the fates' decrees 

wisdom declared, 

if thou canst not first its 

banning tell?' 

Then to them unblithely v 
answered 

the wolf-hearted king, 
to his soothsayers :— » 
' Ye were not so gifted 
over all men 
in mental thought, 
as ye said to me, 
and that declared, 
that ye knew 
my life's destiny, 
what should hereafter me betide, 
or I further 
should find. 
Ye my dream 
know not, 

who to me, before the people, 
make show of wisdom. 
Ye by death shall perish, 
unless I know the interpretation 
of my true dream, ' 
of which my thought reminds me.' 

Then could not the many 
in the council-place, 
through knowledge, 
aught discover, 
nor devise. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



225 



10 



}>a hit fojihaepeb jepeaji'8. 

f te hie fsebon- 

fpepn cyninje- 

pyjiba jepynu. 

o? f pifcja qxSm- 

baniel fco b<5me. 

fe paef bjiihfcne jecojien- 

piocoji ^ fd'Bpaejt:. 

m ^ felb ^an^an* 

fe pap* opb-j-jiuma. 

eapmjie Idpe* 

}7s6pe }>e }^am haaiSenan- 

hyjian pceolbe. 

him job pealbe- 

jipe op heopnum. 

J^uph hleo'8op-q>ybe- 

halijep jajrep. 

f him enjel jobep. 

eall dpaejbe- 

ppa hip man-bjiihfcen. 

jemaeteb peap*8. 

"Sa eobe baniel* [ ^ ^^ ] 

|?a baej lyhfce. 

ppepen peccan- 

pinum ppean* 

paejbe him piphce* 

pepeba^ jepceapfce* 

f fee pona onjeat. 

j-pi^mdb cyninj. 

<5pb T enbe. so 

|?aep )>e him ypeb paep. 

'Sa hsepbe baniel* 

b<5m micelne. 

blaeb m babilonia* 



20 



Then was it denied fhem 
that they should say 
the dream to the king, 
the mysteries of the fates, 
till that the prophet came, 
Daniel, to judgment, 
who by the Lord was chosen, 
skilful and upright, 
into the palace, 
who was the chief 
of the poor remnant, 
which to that heathen 
must obey. 

On him God had bestowed 
gifts from heaven, 
through revelation 
of the holy spirit ; 
so that to him God's angel 
declared all 
that his lord 
had dreamed. 

Then went Daniel, 
when day dawned, 
to relate the dream 
to his lord, 
told him wisely 
the fates' decrees ; 
so that soon understood 
the fierce-minded king 
the beginning and end 
of what to him had been revealed. 

Then had Daniel 
great power, 
glory in Babylon, 



» MS. and Junius, fae/. 



b Apparently an error for pyji^a. 



226 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



mib lK$cejium« 

plS'San he jefs&be. 

fpefen cyninje- 

f he 8§ji pop pyjienum* 

onpdii ne meahte- 

babilonie peapb* 

m hjif bjieoft-locan* 

no hpaa«ejie f baniel- 

jebdn mihte* 

^ he polbe metobej'. 

mihte jelyjrau- 

^c he pyjican on^an* 

poh on pelba* 

pam )^e bedjimdbe* 

bljian heton. 

fe paep on 'Bsejie i5eobe« 

"Se j-pa hatt;e* 

bpejTie babilomje- 

J>aejie bujije-peajib * . 

^nne man-llcan* 

opep mefcobep ejc 

jylb op jolbe. 

2;umum apa^pbe/ 

pop)>am ]fe jleap ne paep 

jum-plcep peajxb. 

pelSe ^ ps&bleap. 

pihc*» 



with the magi^ 

after he had said 

the dream to the king^ 

which he before^ for his sins^ 

could not contain^ 

the ruler of BabylcHi^ 

in the recesses of his breast. 

Yet Daniel that 

could not accomplish 

10 that he would in the Lord's 
might believe ; 
but he began to work 
iniquity^ in the field 
which men renowned 
call Dura^ 

which was in the province 
that is thus called^ 
'' the powerful Babylonian;" 
of which the city-guardian 

20 an image^ 

against the Lord's pleasure^ 
an idol of gold^ 
raised to the people ; 
for that was not wise 
the guardian of the i^ealm, 
but fierce and headstrong^ 



}?a peapiS ha&lei^a hlyj'fc- 
J?a hleoSop cp<5m« 
by man ptepie. 
opep buph-pape. 



[181] Then was a listening of M^people^ 
when the sound came 
of the trumpet's voice 
30 over the inhabitants. 



■ Apparently an error for bujih-peajibar. 
^ Here a leaf has been cut out of the MS. 



CiEbMON'S PAftAPHRASE. 



52? 



J?a hie fop |?am cumble. 

on cueopum fsefcon. 

onhnij^on to J>ain hepije 

ha&^ne }?eobe« 

pup'Sebon pih-^j^lb« 

ne pijt:on ppaejt^ian ps&b 

epnbon tlnpihtbdm* 

fpa hypa albop by be- 

mdne jemenjeb. 

m6be jeppecnob. 

ppembe polc-maejen. 

fpa hypa ppea 8§pejt:. 

unpaeb epnbe- 

him );»f a&pfcep becp<5m» 

ypel enbe-leao- 

tinpiht bybe« 

J?»p ]7py p«p<5n« 

on J^«f )>eobnep byTiij* 

eoplap ifjiaela' 

f hie* i nolbon* 

hypa J^eobnep bdm* 

jTdjiijan onjmnan- 

^ hie to l^am beacne- 

jebebu psSpbe**- 

"Seah iJe i5»p on hepije*^. 

bymanpunjon* 

•Sa p«pon te'Selum. 

abpahamep beapn-^ 

psipon pa^pfsefte. 

pij-ton bpihfcen* 

ecne uppe. 



10 



20 



[182] 



30 



Then they before the image 

on their knees Sate^ 

bowed to the idol 

the heathen peoj^le, 

worshipped the false god : 

they knew no better cotinsel^ 

they executed ttiirighteoiisness, 

as their chief did : 

with sin defiled5 

in mind corrupted^ 

the people acted 

as their lord had erst i 

executed evil counsel : 

on him for this came afterwards 

an evil end-reward j 

he did unrighteousness. 

There were three, 
in thlit prince's city, 
men of Israel, 
who would never 
their lord's decree 
seek to obey, 
that they to the image 
should raise prayers, 
though thefe in the city 
the trumpets sung. 
These were in nature 
children of Abraham, 
the^ were faithfal, 
knew the Lord 
eternal above, 



» -p hie seems to be an ewor for fa iSe, 
^ Ought grammatically to be jisejibon. 

« hejiije seems to be an error for byjii^, by the substitution of which both tbe 
sense and the alliteration are restored. 

q2 



228 



CJSDMON*S PARAPHRASE, 



a&lmihtijQe** 

cnihtaf cyne j<5be. 

en's jebybon. 

f hie him f 5olb*>. 

to jobe nolbon- 

habban ne healban* 

&c )»one hean cyninj* 

jajta hyjibe- 

"Se him jipe fealbe* 

ope hie fcobote. 

balbe ^ecpslbon* 

f hie J^«f pijef . 

pihte ne pohton* 

ne hie to |?am jebebe- 

nuhte jeba&bon** 

haeiJen-hejwjef pifa- 

f hie )?ibep hpeop}:an polben. 

piman to |?am jylbnan jylbe 

|?e he him to jobe jetedbe* 



10 



90 



J^epiap )>eobne p«jbon. 

f hie ]?s&|ie jej^eahte pa&pon- 

hseptap heapan m ^ifT^ hean 

bypij. 
^ )>if hepjan ne pilla^*** 
ne )?yjTie pij pup'Sijean* 
|?e "Su }?e to punbpum teobept- 



%a him bo1jen-m<5b 
babilone peapb- 
yppe anbppapobe* 



[183] 



ahnighty. 

27l« gentle youths 
made known, 
that they the idol 
for a god would not 
have nor hold, 
but the high King alone, 
the Guardian of spirits, 
who had given them gifts. 
Oft they to boot 
boldly said, 
that of this idol they 
recked not aught, 
nor them to that, by prayer^ 
could persuade 
the heathen idol's lord> 
that they would thither turn, 
the men to the golden image, 
which he to himself for a god had 

formed. 
The ministers to their lord said, 
^ that they were of the resolution, 
the proud captives in this metro-> 

polls, 
that this image they will not, 
nor this idol, worship, 
which thou to thyself hast won- 

derously formed/ 

Then to them, wroth of mood, 
the lord of Babylon 
angrily answered. 



'' MS. and Junius, selmihtne. 

^ 3olb, both here and at p. 229/1. 12, is evidently an error for 3>'lb» 
^ Apparently an error for jebseban. 

^ MS. and Junius, >a >ir h^jan ne^pillatl. The correction of h^^an to hejisan 
I owe to the Suppl. of Lye. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



229 



eojilum onmaelbe. 

jjiimme |?am jinjum^ 

^ jeocpe oncpseiS* 

f hie jejnunja. 

jylban fceolbe* 

o'JS'Se ]7|iopijean. 

]7jiea-nieb micel* 

ppecne fyjief pylm» 

nym'Se hie yjirSey polbe** 

pilnian to J^am pypjieptan- 

pejiap ebjiea- 

piman to J^am jolbe- 

}>e he him to 5obe teobe- 

nolbon )7eah J^a hyppaf • 

hyjian Mpum* 

in hije haeiSnum* 

hojebon jeojine. 

f ^ jobep. 

ealle jelaepte** 

3 ne apacobon* 

pepeba bjuhtne. 

ne \ZXL ma^en-hpyjipe. 

in hse'Senbdm* 

ne hie to pacne. 

fpeoiSo pilrieban* 

}>eah |?e him pe bitejia beaiS 

jebdben pa^pe:- 



10 



^ 



to the men announced^ 

sternly to the youths^ 

and harshly spake^ 

that they forthwith 

must worship, 

or suffer 

great penal torment, 

the fire's dire heat, 

unless they favour would 

desire at that most evil oncy 

th^ Hebrew men, 

those persons, at the idol, 

which he had made him for a god. 

Yet the youths would not 

obey those mandates, 

the heathen, in their mind, 

hut studied zealously 

that the law of God 

they all might fulfil, 

and would not swerve 

from the Lord of hosts, 

nor from that high course 

into heathenship, 

nor deceitfully 

would they desire liberty, 

though that to them bitter death 

were announced.. 



LII. 



pa peapiS yppe* 
dnmdb cyninj. 
het he dpn- 
onhsStan* 



LIL 

[ 184- ] Then was wroth 

the stubborn king ; 
he bade the oven 
be heated. 



[lives. 



to cpale cnihta peopum^ 3o for the destruction of the youths' 



^ Should grammatically be f olT>on. 



^ Grammatically should be jelsejton. 



230 



CiEDMON'S PAHAPHRASE. 



fojtSom ^e hie bij* cpsepts^f on* because they bad despised his 

j'dcon. power. 

}?a* he psef ^elssbeb- Then he was led. 



fpa he jjiimmoft mjhte**< 



so he most cruel might. 



pjiecne pyjiep lije. 

}?a he J?ybeji pole famnobe- 

^ jebmban het. 

babilone peapb* 

jjiim •] jeflhmdb- 

jobep ppel'boban. 

befc J?a hip pcealcaj*- lo 

j'cupan ]ia byj'PJ'* 

m bsSl-blype. 

beojin^p jeonja^ [mebe' 

jeajio paep j-e him je^^ce jeppe^ 

|?eah |?e hie j-pa jp<5me nybbe* 

in pa&'Sm pypep lije*? 

hpa&'JSepe heopa peoj\b jenep^be 

mihfcij mecobep peapb* 

j'pa f n^aenije jeppunon* 

hahje** him |?aep help jefceobe. 

j-enbe him op hedn pobope. 21 

50b j;umena peapb* 

j^pt: |?one haljan* 

enjel m |?one dpu u^naii beepdm 

];aep hie f djlac bpujon- [185] 

ppeo-beapn pae'Smum be]7eahfce. 

unbep )7am pypenan hpdpe. 



with the fire's dire flame. 

Then he thither the folk assem- 
and bade bind [bled, 

(the lord of Babylop, 
grim and gloomy,) 
God's messengers ; 
bade the;i bis servants 
shove the youths 
into the pile-blaze, 
the young noble^. [srfety. 

Ready was he ti;Ao wrought them 
though thekingtheia so cruelly had 
into the fire's embrace 5 [forced 
yet their lives preserved 
the mighty guardism of the Lord, 
asthatmanyhaveheard tell, [help. 
The Holy there appointed them 
sent to them from the high firma- 
God, the guardian of men, [ment, 
the holy spirit i 

the angel came within the oven, 
where they that torment suffered ; 
the noble children in his embrace 

he covered, 
under the fiery roof : 



a MS. ja, which Junius lias rightly corrected to fa. 

^ Both before and after this line, some lines are evidently wanting in the MS. 
^ There seems to be aomething faulty in this liAe ; perhaps we should read 
jryji-h^ej instead of jrjjiejr lije. 
^ For hsJi^e we should read hahja, if my translation be correct. 



cjsdmon's paraphrase. 



231 



ne mibte J^eah heojia plifce je- yet might not their beauty corrupt 

* * , * [pemman*. 

pylm |?aef paepjian lijep* 

J?a hie pe palbenb nejiebe- [186] 

hjieohmdb pasp pe ha&^ena )7eo- 

ben» 
hefc hie hpa'Se be^pnan* 
a&leb paep unjepceab** micel* 
]7a paep pe dpen otihs^teb* 
ipen eall "Suph-jlebeb- 
hine "JSaeji epnap maenije* 
puppon pubu on mnan* lo 

ppahim paep on pdjibum jebemeb- 
baejion bpanbap on bpyne* 
bldcan pyjiep* 
polbe pulf-heojit cynmj. 
pall onpfcealle*^. 
ipejine ymb cfepepfce- 
0*5 f up jepdc* 
lij opejx leopum. 
^ |?uph lupfc jieploh. 
micle mdpe- 20 

}>onne jemet pafejie- 
'8a pe lij jepfinb. 
on MiJe men- 
haeiSne op haljum* 
hyppap paepon. 
bhSe mobe« 



the heat of the surrounding flame^ 

when them the Supreme pre- 
served. 

77ie heathen prince was savage- 
minded^ 

bade them be burned forthwith 3 

the fire was hugely great. 

Then was the oven heated^ 

the iron all glowing through ; 

many servants there 

cast wood therein, [decreed 5 

as to them by words had been 

they bare brands into the burning 

of the pale flame. 

27ie wolf-heart king would 

a wall erect 

of iron, round the pious youths^ 

till that rose 

the flame over the beloved onesy 

and spontaneously raged 

much more 

than were meet. 

Then the flame rolled 

on to those hostile men, 

to the heathen from the holy. 

77ie youths were 

blithe of mood ; 



» Although the sense be uninterrupted, yet, from the defect in the alliteration, 
a line seems wanting in this place. 

^ unjej-ceab is here used adverbially, and seems synonymous with the Germ, 
ungeheur. 

^ Though sometimes, from a peculiarity of dialect (as in the St. Cuthbert's MS. 
Cott. Nero D. iv.), the infinitives end in a vowel, without a final n, yet onj-tealle 
in this place is, without doubt, an error for onjteallan. 



232 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



[187] 



bupnon jrealcaj*- 

ymb oyn titan* 

dlefc jehpeapf* 

reonpiUum on tej^o* 

*S»p to-jej-eah. 

babilone bpejo* 

bliiSe* pa^pon* 

eojilap ebpea- 

opeptum hepebon* 

bjuhten on bpeame- 

bybon ppa hie cuiSon* 

opne on mnan* 

albpe jenepebe- 

juman jlaeb-mobe* 

job pupiSebon* 

unbep J?aBj' pae^me J?e. 

jeplymeb peap^- 

ppecne pypep haefco. 

ppeo-beapn pupbon. 

alseten lijep janje- 

ne hie him )?aep \&& jebybon* 

naej* him pe ppej** co popje* 

^Son ma ];e punnan j'cima- 

ne pe bpyne beoc maecjum- 

yen m )7am beote paepon* 

ac f pyp pcybe*^ to iSam* 

)7e ^a pcylbe pophcon* 

hpeoppon |?a haeiSenan haeptaj' 

ppam J?am haljan cnihton* 

pepijpa phte mmpobe. 

]?a "Se "Sy popce jepa^jon 



10 



20 



30 



the servants were burned 

round about the oven : 

the fire turned 

on the right of the malignant^ 

where looked on 

the lord of Babylon* 

Blithe were 
the Hebrew men^ 
they forthwith praised 
the Lord in joy j 
did as they could 
within the oven, 
those whose lives were saved. 
The men glad of mood 
God worshipped, 
under whose shelter 
was driven away 
the fire's dire heat. 
The free children were, 
from the flame's course delivered. 
They did them there no harm, 
nor was the heat to them a trouble, 
more than the sun's brightness ; 
nor did the burning hurt the youths, 
while they were in that peril; 
but on those the fire darted, 
who that sin had wrought. 

The heathen slaves turned 
from the holy youths, [sened, 
the beauty of the wicked was les- 
who had in the work rejoiced. 



& MS. and Junius^ bilit^e^ which Lye interprets, exemplnm, icon, statua, imago. 

^ The word yj>^Z> ^^ ^^^ sense of heat, does not occur in Lye ; but as it seems of 
cognate origin with the Danish Qvie, to bum, scorch, &c., I have not scrupled so 
to translate it. 

c MS. and Junius, ac "p fyp pypjcybe. 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



233 



jef eah *Sa f pi'Smdb cyninj- [1 88] 
"Sa he hif fepan ontjieopbe* 
punbop on pifce a^an^en* 

hiQi f pjiaeckc ]?uhte- 

hyjyap hale hpujipon- 

in ]?am hdtan o)3ie« 

ealle s^jsepce iSjiy. 

hun eac ]?8eji psep • 

in on jepyhiSe. 

enjel aelmihtijep- lo 

hun ]?sep opiht ne bepebe- 

&c p»p ]?»p-inne* 

eallep jelicopt- 

ejine |;onne- 

on pumejia- 

punne pcineiS- 

3 beap-bjuap*- 

on baeje peojiiScS. 

pmbe jeonbpapen* 

^ psep pulbpep job* 20 

)?e hie jenejiebe- 

piiS )?am niiS-hete- 

'Sa azapiap> 

in je}>ancum* 

hleo'S}iabe hahj* 

]7ujih h^tne lij. 

ba§ba** jeopn. 

bjuhten hepebe* 

pep pomma leap* 

T |?a p6pb acpae^- 30 

metob alpihta- 

hpset ]7U eapfc mihtum ppi'8. 



Saw then the fierce king, 
when to his sense he trusted, 
a wonder in the punishment take 

place ; 
that to him seemed manrellous :— 
the youths walking hale 
in the hot oven, 
all the pious three } 
with them was also there, 
one in sight, 

an angel of the Almighty. 
Them there aught harmed not, 
but it was therein, 
wholly most like 
as when 
in summer 
the sun shineth, 
and the dew-drops 
are in day 
by the wind scattered. 

That was the God of glory 
who them preserved 
ag^nst that fell hate. 

Then Azariah, 
in his thoughts, 
holy sang, 

through the hot flame, 
in deeds zealous ; 
praised the Lord 
the spotless man, 
and these words then uttered :— 
' Lord of all beings ! 
verily thou art strong in might 



* Lye renders beap-bpiaj-, ros agri; but, believing beap-b/iipaj- to be the true 
reading, I have rendered it dew-drops, 
^ Cod. Exon. bjieaj bae^um ^eopn. 



234 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASfL 



nvSdLf to nepjenne- 
If pin nama ms^pe* 
plifcij -} pulbopjzeir* 
ojzep pep-'8eobe. 
penbon jilne b6maf • 
in baja* ;ehpam* 
fd'Se ■] jefpi'Sbe. 
T Sepjepaefte. 
ppa }iu eac pylpa eapt**. 
pynbon |?lne pillan* 
on pojiulb-ppebum* 
jubte ^ jejitime* 
pobojia palbenb* 
jeoca up ep ;eopne nu« 
japfca pcippenb- 
-J |?uph [hylbo]*^ help, 
halij bjuhten- 
nu pe pec pop ]7peaum^ 
;j pop "Spea-nybum*^. 
] pop eaiSmebum* 
apna bibba'S- 
lije belejbe- 
pe "Saep lipjenbe* 
pophton on popi\tbe* 
eac iSon pdm bybe^- 
upep ylbpan. 
pop opephyjbum. 
bpaecon bebobo^ 



mortals to save ; 

thy name is great, 

beauteous and glorious, 

throughout mankind ; 

thy decrees are 

on each day 

true and potent, 

and triumphant^ 

as thou also thy«elf art. 
10 Thy fiats are, 

in worldly events, 

right and great. 

Ruler of the skies ! 

Preserve us now with care. 

Creator of spirits ! 

and through thy grace help us, 

holy Lord ! 

Now we thee for our afflictions, 

and for our penal sufferings, 
ao and for our resignation, 

desire thy blessings, 

with flame surroimded : 

we for this living 

wrought in the world ; 

then also did evil 

our forefathers, 

through pride 

brake the commandments, 



^ Cod. Exon. bseba. 

^ This line is not in the Exeter MS., and, being without a correspondent alli- 
teration, would appear to be an interpolation. 

^ The word hylbo, which is necessary both to the sense and metre, I have 
supplied from the Exeter MS. 

^ Cod, Exon. feajifum. 

« MS. and Junius, t^eo nybum; which being devoid -of sense, I have admitted 
into' the text the reading of the Exeter MS. See p. 229/ 1. 7. 

f Cod. Exon. more correctly, bybon. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



235 



[189] 



10 



bujih-pfctenbe*. 
hdb ojiejihojebon- 
haljan lifCf-* 
penbon fe tx>ppecene* 
jeonb pibne jjitinb. 
heapum tohpojipene* 
hylbe leafe* 
If ufep lif jeoub* 
lanba pela* 
fjiaco'S -J jejrpe^e- 
folca manejum. 
fa uf ec bepjiaecon** 
to jiaef pyppejran. 
eoji'S-c^inja- 
aehfca-jepealbe*' 
on haept heojm jjumpa 
3 pe nu hseiSenjia* 
)?eop-neb f'oha'S* 

pepeba pulbop-cyninj* 

f J>u 14)' }>ar ppace teobepfc. 

ne poplet |?u upc ina« [ 190 ] 

ece bpihten. 

pop 'Sam miltpum* 

iSe iSec men hlija'S**. 

^ )X)p "Sam cpeopum* 

J^e |?a tipum paept. 

m"Sa nep5enb. 

jenumen hapbepfc* 

to abpahame* 



20 



30 



the dwellers in cities^ 

despised the state 

of holy life. 

We are exiled 

through the wide earth, 

in heaps dispersed, 

favourless ; ' 

is our life, through 

many lands, 

vile and infanious,. 

to many nations, 

who also have sent us forth 

into the worst 

of earthly kings' 

power and possession, 

even into the bonds of the cruel ; 

and we now the heathens' 

thraldom suffer. 

For this be thanks to thee, 

Glory -king of boats ! [exile ; 

that thou hast decreed us this 

forsake thou us not, 

eternal Lord ! 

for those mercies 

which incline thee to man, 

and for the covenants 

which thou, in glories fast. 

Saviour of men ! 

hast taken 

with Abraham, 



* Thus Cod. Exon. ; MS. and Junius^ bujih-j-itrtenbum. 

*> The Exeter MS. has, nu J>u ujic bepjiaec. in faj- pyjijieftan, ficc, which 10 
perfectly clear and intelligible, while the reading in the text is obscure, and 
susceptible only of a forced interpretation. 

^ Cod. Exon. more correctly, 8eht-3ej»ealt)e. 

^ Lye, with great probability, conjectures that for hlijat^ we should read 
hni^at^. 



236 



GiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



T to lyisice* 

T Co lacobe- 

jaffca fcyppenb. 

)^u him f jehete* 

]7uph hleoSop-qiybe* 

^ )7U hyjia fjium-cyn- 

m jiyjin-bajum* 

lean polbe- 

f te SRfteji him* 

on cneopijyum* 

cenneb pujibe* 

"J feo ma&m^eo* 

mf6pe ps^pe* 

hat to hebbamie"^- 

fpa heopon*fteoppan* 

bebu^aiS bpdbne hpyjijzt. 

o« f bpim-papo. 

J^wr** r«-Fapo«a panb. 

jeonb fealtne psfej- 

me dpe" jjiynbe'8- 

^ hif tinjiima* 

m pmtjia po]in« 

pujiiSan fceolbe- 

pyl nu pjium-j'ppsSce- 

'Seah heo]ia jied kpjen- 

phti^a ]7iiine pdpb-cpybe. 

^ )7ln pulbop on uf • 

jecy^ q\«j:t "j miht* 

^ ^* calbeaf . 

^ poica pela. 

jepjujen habbaiS* 

•8a 'pe unbep heopenum- 

ha&'Sene hpjea'S. 



10 



M 



30 



and with Isaac^ 

and with Jacobs 

Creator of spirits ! 

Thou that hast promised them^ 

through tkf/ revelation^ 

that thou their Offspring, 

in distant days^ 

wouldest increase, 

which after them, 

in their generations, 

should be bom, 

and the multitude 

be great, 

the persons to be reckoned 

as the stars of heaven. 

T^Ae;^ shall inhabit Me spacious orb 

unto the ocean-way ; 

as the sea-shores* sand 

round the salt wave [water. 

the billows through the abyss of 

so that of them a number infinite, 

in a space of winters 

should be. 

Fulfil now thy promise, 

though of them few live, 

manifest thy saying 

and thy glory in us ; [power, 

make known thy wisdom and 

that which the Chaldeans, 

and many people 

have heard spoken of, 

those who under heaven 

heathens live. 



« Cod. Exon. hab to hcbban. ^ Cod. Exon. /pa pajioja j-onb. 

c Cod. Exon. yj>e jeonb eaji ^jiunb. <* y seems to be an error for fa. 



C^DMON S PARAPHRASE. 



237 



10 



"J f]fVL dna eajifc. 

ece bjuhfcen* 

pepoba palbenb« 

pojiulb-jefceajita. 

pjopa fettenb. 

r<5«j:8ejt; metob. 

ppa pe halja pep. 

hepjenbe paep • 

metobef miltfe- 

^ hip mihta ppeb. 

pehfce jiuph peopbe. 

iSa op pobepum paej-* 

enjel aelbeophfc. 

upan onfenbeb- 

plite fcyne pep- 

on hi]* pulbop-hdman* 

pe him q?<5m to ppoppe* 

^ to peoph-nepe. 

mib lupan ^ mib hjje- 

pe iSone lij tofceap. 

hah; ^ heopon-beopht. 

hdtan pypep* [ 191 } 

fcoppeop hme ^ toppenbe- 

]?uph )7a jjiiSan miht* 

hjjep leoma*. 

^ hypa** lice ne p»f • 

opiht jeejleb^ 

&c he on anban ploh* 

pyp on peonbaf • 

pop pypen-bafebum* 

)?a paej- on )?am dpne- 

]?aep fe enjel becp<5m- 

pmbij ^ pynfum- 

pebepe jelicoft* 



90 



30 



and that thou alone art 
Lord eternal^ 
JRuler of hosts, 
of worldly beings, 
Disposer of victories, 
just Creator ! ' 

Thus the holy man 
was praising 
the Creator's mercy, 
and his might's efficacy 
with voice declared. 

Then from the firmament was 
an all-bright angel 
sent from above, 
a man of beauteous form, 
in his garb of glory, 
who to them came for comfort, 
and for their lives' salvation, 
with love and with grace ; 
who the flame scattered 
(holy and heaven-bright) 
of the hot fire, 
swept it and dashed away, 
through his great might, 
the beams of flame ; 
so that their bodies were not 
injured aught : 
but in hate he cast 
fire on the foes, 
for their wicked deeds. 

Then was it in the oven, 
where the angel came, 
windy and winsome, 
to the weather likest 



» Apparently an error for leoman. 



^ MS. and Junius, hyjic. 



238 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



}?onne [hit*] on pimepef rfb 

fenbeb peopiScS. 

bpopena bpeajiunj* 

on bae^ef hpile- 

peapmlic polcna fctip* 

fpylc \nS pebejia cyffc* 

fpylc p«f on )wim pype- 

jrjie&i mihtaim* 

halpini CO hefpe- 

peapiS fe hdta H^* 

cobpifen ^ cobpapceb. 

]?aep {?a bseb-hpatan- 

jeonb ]?one dpen eobon* 

J ye enjel mlb- 

f eoph-nepi jenbe . 

pe "Saep p eopiSa pa&p* 

annaniap^ 

^ azaplap* 

3 mipaeL 

jiaep ]7a m<$b'-hpatan- 

}?py on jej^ancam* 

"Seoben hepebon- 

bs^bon bleqian. 

beapn ippaela- 

eall lanb-^epceapt* 

ecne bpihten* 

'Seoba palbenb- 

ppa hie )?py q?»bon» 

mdbum hoppce. 

|7uph jemaene pdpb. 



10 



28 



30 



when there^ in summer's tide, 

is sent 

a falling of drops, 

in the day's space, 

a warm shower of the clouds* 

As is the bounty of the skies, 
so was it in the fire, 
through the Lord's might, 
in help to the holy ones. 
The hot flame was 
scattered and quenched. 
There those bold of deed 
went through the oven, 
and the angel with themj 
life-preserving, 
who was there the fourth ; 
Hananiah 
and Azariah 
and Mishael. 

There those, bold of mind, 
the three, in th^ thoughts, 
praised the Lord, 
prayed him to bless 
the children of Israel, 
all the land-creation, 
the Lord eternal. 
Ruler of nations. 
Thus they three spake 
with minds sagacious 
through common voice r— 



LIIL 



De jeblefcpje* 
bylypit paebep. 



Lin. 

^Thee bless, 
merciful Father ! 



« hit is not iu the Exeter MS.« and is here void of sigmfieatioo. 



C£DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



239 



populb-cjiaefca plite*- 
^ peopca jehpilc* 
heoponaf ^ ^njlap* 
;j hluttoji paetep. 
)7a iSe op pobepum- 

on pihtne 

« « « 

jepceapfc. 

puniaiS in pulbpe- 
"SaiSec pup'SiaiS. 
^ pec aelmihti;* 
ealle jepceapce. 
pobop^-beophcan t:un;ltt< 
}>a J?e pyne healbaiS* 
funna ^ mona^* 
punbop dnpa^ehpilc- 
hepije in hdbe. 
3 lieopon^fteoppan- 
beap ;j beop pcdp- 
•Sa "Sec bdmije. 
3 ]?ec mihti; job« 
japtap lopje. 
bypnenbep^. 
3 beopht pumop^ 
nepjenb hepjai5» 
mhc pomob 3 baej* 
3 'pec lauba jehpilc* 
leoht ;) |?eoptpo- 
hepije on b^be- 
pomob hit *] cealb. 
-J pec ppea mihfcij. 
poppfcap T pnapap* 
pintep-bitep pebep. 
3 polcen-papu» 



Me beauty of worldly craft^^ 
and thy every work, 
the heavens and angels, 
and the clear water, 
which from the skies. 



abide in glory, — 

these thee adore : 

and thee. Almighty ! 

all creatures, 
10 the heavenly bright bodies 

(which hold their course,) 

of suns and moons, 
[ 192 J (each one separately,) 

praise in their degree ; 

and the stars of heaven, 

the dew and precious shower,- 

these thee exalt : 

and thee, mighty God ! 

all spirits praise ; 
20 the burning fire, 

and the bright summer, 

praise their Preserver. 

Night also and day ; 

and thee each land, 

light and darkness, 

praise in their station ; 

heat also, and cold. 

And thee, mighty Lord ! 

the frosts and snows, 
30 the winter's bitter weather, 

and the heaven's course. 



* Cod. Exon. jjopub-jceaf ta rlll^0J[l. ^ Cod. Exon. runne 1 monan. 



240 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



lopije on lyjrte. 
•] jiec hjetu- 
bldce bephtm-hpate* 
]7a }?ec bletjije. 
eall eop'San ^jiunb* 
6ce bpihten* 
hyllaf •} hpufan- 
"j hed-beojijaj'. 
fealte fsfe-ps^af • 
fd^paejt; metob- 
ed-rfciieam.f«a. 
■] up-cyme. 
paetep-fpjiync-pylla- 
iSa iSec pup'Sia'8. 
bpalap "Sec hejujaiS. 
•] hepon-pijolap* 
lypt-lacenbe» 
]?a iSe lajo-ptpeamap- 
paefcejipcipe pecja'8- 
•] pilbu beoji- 
;3 ne^ca jehpilc- 
ndman bletpie- 
3 manna beajin* 
mdbnm lupa'S- 
3 |?ec ippaela- 
aehta pcyppenb. 
hejujaiS m habe • 
hejipan |?mne*« 
^ ]fec halijjia- 
heoptan cjiaepcap • 
pdiSpaeptpa jehpajp. 
paple T japfcap. 
lopiaiS llp-ppean' 
lean pellenbe eallum^ 



10 



no 



30 



prsdse in the air ; 

and thee the lightning? 

pale, brightly swift,— 

these thee bless. 

All the depths of earth, 

eternal Lord ! 

the hills and rocks, 

and the high mountains, 

the salt sea- waves, 

O just Creator ! 

the river-stream -floods, 

and the sources 

of the water-spring- wells,— 

these thee adore. 

The whales praise thee, 

and the fowls of heaven 

sporting in air, 

those which the liquid streams, 

the body of waters, bring forth ; 

and the wild beasts, 

and every kind of cattle, 

bless thy name : 

and thee the children of men 

in their minds love, 

and thee the Israelites, — 

of all wealth Creator ! 

praise in their degree, 

their Lord ! 

And thee the holy ones' 

hearts' energies, . 

of all the just 

the souls and spirits 

praise. Lord of life ! 

Giver of reward to all,. 



» >mne seems to be an error of the scribe for hyjia. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



24 1 



4ce bpihtnn* 


eternal Lord I 


annaniaf ^ec* 


Hananiah thee^ 


'] abzajuaf ^ mifael* 


ftnd Azariah and Mishael, 


metob bdmije* 


glorify, O Lord I 


bpeofC-je'Sancum^ 


in their breasts' thoughts* 


fe J?ec blefcpaiS. 


We bless thee. 


jjiea jiolca jehpap. 


Lord of every people ! 


pebeji sBlmihici;- 


Father almighty. 


y6S f unu metx>bef % 


true Son of the Creator ! 


fapla neji^enb* 


10 Saviour of souls 1 


ha&le'Sa helpenb* 


Helper of men I 


3 )?ec halij jaft^ 


and thee. Holy Ghost 1 


puji'Sa'S in pulbjie* 


we adore in glory. 


ptij bjiihten* 


Lord of wisdom ! 


pe "Sec hepija'S. 


we praise thee. 


hali^ bjuhten* 


holy Lord ! 


^ jebebum bjiema^^ 


and in our prayers celebrate ; 


I^u ^ebletfab eapt* 


thou art blessed. 


jepuji'Sab^ pejih'8'*. 


[ 193 ] glorified in spirit. 


opeji pojiulbe hjidj:. 


20 over the world's roof. 


heah cyninj heoponef . 


high King of heaven ! 


hal^um mihtum* 


through tht/ holy might,. 


hpef leoht-ppuma- 


bright source of light I 


ojiep lanba jehpilc*. 

* * * 


over every land. 


* * # 
•Sa f ehtobe. 


then that persecuted^ 


ealbe )?eobe. 

* * # 


the ancient nation. 


* «> « 
nabochobonoffop • 


Nebuchadnezzar, 


pi^S ]?am nehftum* 


with the nearest 


folc-jepiSum. 


rulers of the people :— 



* MS. and Junius, jepujit^oV. ^ The sense and metre require jrephlfe. 

^ From the Exeter paraphrase, as well as from the interruption of the sense, 
it is manifest that the Bodleian MS. is very defective in this part of the sqng. 

R 



242 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



f eopeji pela jefeah. 

]?eoben mine* 

f pe l^py rynbon. 

jeboben to bsSle* 

in bypnenbe* 

pyjief leoman* 

nu ic |?aeji yeopeji men- 

jefeo CO fdiSe- 

nalef me felpa leojeS. 

"Sa cyssS ye "Be p«f • 

cyninjef jiaej^^a. 

pir 3 p<5jib-5leap. 

f If pmibjia rum. 

^ pe '8»p eapmi* 

onldcia'S* 

jeiSenc "Beoben min. 

J^lnejejiyjua* 

onjyfc jeojine- 

hpa ]7a jyjie fealbe- 

jinjum jaebehnje*. 

hie job hejujaiS* 

Anne ecne* 

^ eallep him* 

be naman jehpam* 

on neob pppeca'S. 

l^anciaiS J^pymmef. 

J^jiipcum p<5pbum- 

cpeiSa'8 he pe dna« 

sehnihtij job* 

pitnj pulboji-cyninj. 

poplbe T heopona* 

iban )?u )7a beopnap- 

bpejo calbea* 

dc op opne. 



^ That many of you saw^ 

my lords^ 
. that we have three 

ordered to the pile, 

into the burning 

beams of fire : 

now I four men there 

see in sooth, 

unless I myself deceive.' 
10 Then said he who was 

the king's chief minister, 

wise and eloquent :-^-*- 

' That is a mirade 

that we there with eyes 

look on : 

think, my lord, 

what to thee is fitting, 

understand well, 

who those gifts hath given 
20 to the young comrades : 

they adore Grod, 

one eternal, 

and him alone, 

by his every name, 

in need address ; 

they praise his greatness 

in bold words, 

say he alone is 

almighty God, 
30 wise King of glory, 

of the world and heavens. 

Order thou those men, 

O chief of the Chaldeans ! 

out of the oven ; 



.» ^sebebos, if not an error for ^sebelinTiiun^ seems to be used collectively. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



243 



iiif hit dpihtef j<Sb. 

^ hie pen on )?am l&Se* 

lenj )?onne J^u ]7up):e« 

het )^a fe cynin; to him* [195] 

cnihtaf ^anjan* 

hyjyaf heajibe* 

hyjibon Upe* 

cypbon cyne j6be. 

fpa hie jecylShe psSpon* 

hpujipon hs&le'S jeon^e* lo 

zd ]?am hse'Senan pojian*- 

paepon ]?a beniie^ popbupnene- 

]>e him on bfoum Ujon* 

l^i$ peapo leoba cymn^ep* 

3 hypa lice ;ebop;{eQ* 
nsep hypa phte ^epemmeb* 
ne m^m; ppoht on hpa&jle* 

ne peax pype beppeeleb. 

dc hie on ppilSe bpihtnep- 

op "Sam jpimman jpype- 

jlabe tpebbebon* 

jleap-mdbe piman* 

on japtep hylb- 

•JSa jepdc pe enjel tip- [ 196 ] 



20 



it is in no wise good 
that they be in that peril 
longer than thou needest.' 

Commandedtheu thekingtohim 
the young men to come. 
The bold striplings 
obeyed the mandate, 
fhe noble y&uths turned, 
as they were instructed, 
the men passed 
before the heathen. 
The bands were burned, 
which on their bones lay, 
{the hateful device of the king of 

nations,) 
and their bodies preserved ; 
their beauty was not blemished, 
nor was there any injury on their 

raiment, 
nor their locks singed by the fire ^ 
but they in the Lord's peace, 
from that grim horror, 
gladly trod, 

the men of prudent mind, 
through the spirit's grace. 
Then went the angel up 



* t. tf. t;oj:ojian >am haeVenan^ per tmesin, 
. ^ For benae, which Is manifestly an error^ I believe we should read benbaj-* 
by the sabstitution of which, the sense of this and the two lines following is 
rendered plain, and in conformity with the words of Scripture; "Then these 
men were bound in their coats/' &c. — " He answered and said, Lo, I see four 
men loose, walking in the midst of the fire." Dan. iii. 21, 25. Lye {voce 
jeajio) thus interprets the lines : '* Erant autem homines combusti, qui iis in 
pemiciem struxerunt odiosas insidias, satellites regis.'' Adding, *' Nota tamen 
quod cl. Hickesius, 1. 115. 38, &c. ista lajon jeajio, reddidit, posuerunt Ugna"(\), 
IjiiekeB does not seem to have been aware of the difference between licjan and 
lec^an. 

r2 



244 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



fecan him ec6 bpeatnaf ^ 

on heanne hp6j:« 

heopona jilcef • 

heh-j^ejen "] holb(i 

haljum metQbe« 

haBf be on f am punbjie jepujiiSob. 

"Se )?a jepyjihto ahton* 

hyjTaj- hejiebon* bjiihten» 

foji |?am hse'Senan poke' 

ftepton hme* j'0'5-q>ibum» lo 

^ him faebon pela« 

]*o%jia tacna* 

0*8 ^ he rylpa jelypbe* 

f ye pa&jie mihca palbenb* 

j'e "Se hie op "Sam imjice jenejiebe* 

jebeab j^a j-e bpaepna- 

babildne peapb* 

jpiBmdb j'inum leobum- 

f pe paepe hip albpe pcylbij. 

pe |?aep onp<5ce» 20 

f te p<5B pa&pe* 

maepe mihta palbenb* 

pe hie op f am mopiSpe alypbe. 

a^aep him )?a hip leoba lape* 
J?e )7aep jelaebbe paepon* 
T nahte^ ealb-peonbum- 
f hie ape haepbon* 
paep heopa blaeb m babilone* 

[bon. 
piiS'San hie "Jwne bpyne panbe- 



to seek him joys etemal|^ 

on to the high roof 

of heaven's kingdom. 

The high and faithful minister 

of the holy Creator . 

had in that wonder honoured 

those who merits possessed. 

jHie youths glorified the Lord 

before the heathen folk^ 

exalted him in their utterances, 

and said to him many 

true tokens, pieved 

till that he (the king) himself be* 

that he were Lord of might, [ed. 

who them from that murkhad say- 
Proclaimed then the potent 

lord of Babylon, 

sternly to his people, 

that he with his life should pay, 

who this denied, 

that it were in sooth 

the great Lord of power, 

who them from that perdition had. 
redeemed : [remnant, 

he restored to him then hispeople's 

that thither had been led, 

and allowed his ancient foes, 

that they might wealth possess. 

Their prosperity was great in Ba- 
bylon, 

after they had proved the fire j 



* MS. and Jun. hejiebo, an erroi of the scribe for hejiebo* 

i> MS. and Jun. hie, the line over the 1 (I) being omitted. 
. « If the text be correct, nahre would appear to be the imperf. of na^an, (of the 
same form as iz^n, see Rask's Gr. p. 79), signifying condescendere, morem gerere^ 
See also Lye, voce na^an. 



CuEDMON'S PARAPHRAS£r, 



24S 



bdm peapS aejitep buju'Se jecy- 

«eb. 
piSBan hie bjiihtne jehypbon- 
paepon bypa jisSbaf jiice* 
f I'S'San hie pobepa palbenb«> 

hahj heopon-jucef peapb* 

PI'S )7one heapin jefcylbe- 

•Sa ic jiecan jeppaejn. [ 197 ] 

fdSum pdpbum* 

p'S'San he punbop on jet* 

babilone peapb. lo 

)7uph fypep bpyne* 

hu ]7a hjTjaf J^py. 

bdtau dpiey* 

F^P 5pype jzypep. 

ofeppapen haepbon* 

pyhn )7uphp<5bon- 

ppa him piht ne pceob- 

jpim jleba niiJ. 

ac jobep ppel-boban*^ 

4t: * * 



« 4^ 4^ 

ppecnan pypep- 

^c him ppi"® bpihfcnep • 

PI'S )7»r ejepan jpype- 

albop jepcylbe- 

"Sa pe 'Seoben onjan- 

je*Smjep pypcan- 

bet: i|?a fcopomne* 

pine leobe. 

^ |?a on )7am me'Sle. 

opep menijo bebedb* 

pypb jepopbene* 

^ pmibop jobep* 

^ te on ]^am cnihimm* 



90 



Mefr power was,accordingto their 

virtue^ manifested^ 
since they had obeyed their Lord j 
their counsels were potent, 
after that them* the Ruler of the 

skies, [kingdom, 

the holy Guardian of heaven's 
against that harm had shielded. 

Then, as I have' understood,, 
by words of truth, [sought,, 

after he perceived the wonder, 
the lord of Babylon, 
through the fire's burning,, 
how the three youths 
the hot oven's, 
the fire's dire horror, 
had passed through, 
the flame had traversed ; 
so that them no whit hurt 
the gleeds' fierce hate, 
but God's messengers. 



30 



of the fell fire ; 
but of them the Lord's love,. 
against that hotrid peril, 
shielded the lives. 

Then the prince- resolved 
to form an assembly^ 
commanded together 
his people, 

and then in the council [tude, 
announced, throughout the multi- 
the event that had passed, 
and the miracle of God, 
which on those youths 



246 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



jecy^b p»f • 

ovihicgaS nu« 

halite mihte* 

pif e punbofi jobej-^ 

pe ^^fapon f he* 

PI'S cfenhae jebeaph- 

CDihtum on 6pie» 

lacenhe IS;- 

)?ain ye hif I6f bn^jion- 

)»ji )min he if £na* 

ece bpihten» 

elmihti;* 

ye "Se him b6m poji^^ap* 

)*popenbe fpeb- 

J^am "pe hif j-pel bepaiS- 

pop'Son pitija"?- 

|?uph punbop mom;- 

hal^um ^aptum* 

"pe hif hylb cupon* 

en's If f me baniel* 

byjlan fpepnep • 

fdiJe jef8&be» 

? s6p j-piiSe o'Sjtdb* 

mane^um on mdbe* 

minpa leoba- 

pop ]7am aelmihtij* 

eacenne jaffc. 

in fepan penbe* 

pnyfctpo cpaeptaj*' 

j^a pdpbum pppaec- 

pepobep paej7a» 

babiloue peapb* 

piSiSan he beacen onjet^ 

fputol fcdcn jobep. 

no |?y jel bybe. 

ac J^am se^ehnjc 



had been manifested : — 

' Consider now 

the holy power, 

the wise miracles of God : 

We hwre seen that he 

protected against death 

the youths in the oven, 

against the fatal flame, 
[198] those who bear his praise ; 
10 because it is he alone, 

the Lord eternal, 

almighty, 

who hath given power to those, 

prosperous fortune, 

who observe his commands ; 

wherefore prophesy, 

through many miracles, 

by the holy spirits 

they who his grace have chosen. 
20 Manifest it is that to me Daniel 

of the dark dream 

soothly said, 

which before had much perplexed 

in mind many 

of my people, 

because that the Almighty 

an enlarged spirit 

hath sent into his soul, 

powers of wisdom/ 
30 So in words spake 

the people's prince, 

the lord of Babylon, 

after he had perceived the sign, 

the manifest token of God. 

Nor t/et for that did better y 

but the chief 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



247 



10 



Ofejihyjb jefceob- 

peajiB him hyjijxa hyje- 

3 on heoptan jeSanc* 

mdpan m<$b-fepan- 

|?onne jemet paSpe. 

o% ^ hine mib nybe- 

ny*8op apette* 

metob aelmihti;* 

ppa he manejum be«- 

|?apa ]7e |?uph opepbj^b* 

tip apfcije'S. 

}^a him peap"? on plaepe. [199] 

ppepen «fcjrpeb. 

nabochobonoppop* 

him f neh jepeap'S** 

^vihte him ^ on polban* 

paejpe ptdbe* 

pubu-beam phfcij- 

pe paep pypfcum yxft* 

beopht on blsebum* 

naep he** beappe jelic- 

ic he hhpobe* 

to heopon-tunjlmn* 

ppilce he opeppaeBmbe- 

polban pceatap* 

ealne mibban-jeapb* 

o« mepe-ptpeamap. 

fcpijum T telpun- 

"Saep he fco-jepeah- 

l^uhte him f pe pubu-beam* ao 

pilb-beop pcylbe • [ 200 ] 



20 



pride overwhehned. 

He had a loftier bouI^ 

and^ in his heart's thought^ 

a greater mind 

than were meet ; 

till that him with force 

humbled 

the Lord almighty^ 

as he to many doth^ 

of those who through pride 

mount up« 

Then was to him in sleep 
a dream revealed, 
to Nebuchadnezzar ; 
him that greatly moved :— 
seemed to him that on earth 
stood fair 

a goodly forest-tree, 
which by its roots was firm, 
bright in its boughs, 
its like was not in the grove, 
for it soared 
to the stars of heaven, 
as it would overspread 
earth's regions, 
the whole world, 
unto the sea-streams, 
with its shoots and branches. 
There, as he looked, [tree * 

seemed to him that the forest-> 
the wild beasts shielded : 
alone it was as food. 



* Literally, to him that went near. Similar to this is the German phrase, es 
gtng ihm nahe; also the Danish, det gik ham nser. 

^ Under the supposition that he is an error for him, this verse is thus trans- 
lated. 



248 



CJEDMONlS PARAPHRASE. 



eallum Iieolbe* 
fpylce pujlaf eac- 
beojia ]:eojih-ne]ie> 
on ^sdy beamef • 
blebum name** 
'Suhte hun f en^el* 
upan Of jidbejium* 
jnjan cpome* . 
^ ffcepie abedb* 
tojihcan jieojibe* 
bet f tjieop ceoji]:an* 
^ |?a pilbeop* 
on pe; jdedn* 
fpylce eac ^a pnjolaj't 
)?onne bif pyll cdme- 
bet J^onne bejn^ban* 
feolfef blaebum- 
tpipim 3 tel^um* 
^ f eb tdcen pepan. 
punian pyjitjiuman* 
)?aep pubu-beamej • 
eoji'San pseptne* 
o% ^ ept cyme* 
jgiene bleba^ 
J^onne job pylle*** 
bet eac jebmban* 
beam ]^one miclan* 
sejienum clammmn* 
^ ipejinum* 
1 jeyalebne* 
in pupl bdn* 
f bip m6b pite. 
f mijtijjia pite pealbeB 



oi a hiv for all ; 

8o also the fowls 

their refiige^place 

on tbat tree's 

branches took* 

Seemed to bim tbat an angel, 

from the beavens above^ 

descending came^ 

and witb Foice commanded, 
10 witb clear utterance 

bade^ tbat tree be bewed, 

and the wild beasts 

flee away^ 

so also tbe fowls, 

wben bis fall cometb : 

bade tben cut it, 

witb its branches^ 

sboots and bougbs^ 

and yet a token to exist, 
90 the root to rest 

of tbat forest->tree, 

fast in the eartb, 

till tbat again sball come 

green bougbs, 

wben God sball will it: 

bade also bind 

tbat vast tree 

witb brazen bands, * 

and iron ; 
30 and^ when bound, 

cast into torment, 

tbat bis mind migbt know [ment, 

that a mightier wieldetb punish- 



3 Should correctly be namon, in the plurals 
\ Apparently an error for j'llle. 



CJEDMON'S PARAPHRASE* 



i249 



)>onne he liim fvS maeje* 

]7a op f]»pe onpdc- [ 201 ] 

Ypeyn paef 8efc enbe- 

eoji^lic aeiSelin J • 

him )78ef ejepa ptdb- 

jjiype ]qiam 'Sam 2a']t:e' 

"Be J^ybeji job j'enbe* 

het pSL cofonme* 

f iue leobe* 

polc-tojan* 10 

jrpaejn opep ealle* 

ppiSmdb cynmj* 

hpset ^ ppepen bube* 

nallep )?y.he p6nbe- 

^ hie hit pipton. 

dc he cunnobe- 

hu hie q>e'San polbon- 

1$a pa&f to "Sam b<5me* 

bamel haten* 

jobep ppel-boba^ ^ 

him paep ;«pt jepealb. 

halij op heoponum* 

pe hip hyje tpymebe* 

on ]?am bpihten-peapbt 

beopne pippe. 

pepan pibne jej^anc- 

^ pnytjio cji«pt» 

pipne pdpb-cpibe. [ 202 ] 

ept he punboji mamj* 

metobep mihta'- 30 

poji men aetbelp* 

J^a he pecjan onjdn. 

ppepnep poman* 



than that he mAj prevail against 

Then from sleep awoke [him* 
(the dream was at an end^} 
the earthly king } 
fear thereof was on him^ 
horror from the spirit^ 
which thither God had sent. 

Commanded then together 
his counsellors^ 
leaders of the people ; 
inquired among all^ 
the king stem of mind, 
what that dream boded ; 
not that he weened 
that they it knew^ 
but he proved 
how they would speak. 

Then to the judgment was 
Daniel called^ 
God's prophet, 
to him a spirit was given 
holy from heaven^ 
which his mind strengthened; 
in whom the guardian lord 
knew to exist deep 
ample thought of mind, 
and power of wisdom, 
wise utterance. 
Again he many a wonder, 
through the Creator's mighty 
shewed before men. 

Then he began to say 
the horror of his dream. 



* Either the word J^ujih is wanting before metobep, or^ for mihta we should 
read mihrum* 



250 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



heah heopt ^ haffSoi* 
hejujef pifa. 
ealnejHJneesepin. 
"pe him eopeb yasf* 
hseb hiiie ajieccan- 
hpaet peo jitin bube* 
hdpe hali^u p6pb- 
^ in hi^e pun^* 
to jepecjanne* 
pdBum pdpbum* 
hpa&t pe beam babe* 
'pe he blfcan ^epeah- 
T him pit^obe. 
pypba jejnnju. 
he "Sa j7?ijobe- 
hp«'8epe pd'S on^eat* 
baniel ddt |?am b<5me- 
f hip bjuhten paep- 
pimena albop> 
piB job pcylbij. 
pdnbobe pe pipa* 
hpae'Sjie he pdpbe cpasS 

to >am K«ehnxe. 
f ip pejiebep peajib> 
punbop tiQlytel* 
f J'u jepape* 
pvq\h ppepen cuman* 
heopon->heaime* be&m* 
^ ]^a halpm popb* 
yjijie 3 ejephcu* 
J^a pe enjel cp»*5. 
f f tpeop pceolbe* 
teljum bepns&beb. 



:the proud of heart and heathen 

leader of the host^ 

all that terror 

which to him was shewn ; 

bade him (Daniel) relate^ 

what that mystery boded ; 

that he should speak holy words^ 

and in his mind should strive 

to say^ 
10 in words of truths 

what the tree boded, 

that he shining saw, 

and what to him foret<dcl 

the coimcils of the fates. 
He then was silent; 

yet truly understood 

Daniel^ at that judgment, 

that his lord was, 

the chief of men, 
90 guilty towards God. 

27ie sage was awe-struck, 

yet by word he spake, 

the reverend messaiger, 

to the chief:— 

^ That is^ guardian of people, 

no small wonder, 

that thou sawest 

come through thy dream : 

2^e heaven-high tree 
30 and the holy words, 

angry and awful, 

that the angel spake :-— 

that the tree should, 

lopped of its branches. 



" MS. and Junius heanc. 



CiEDMON^S PARAPHRASE. 



251 



popan ifeaUan* 
f 8§p j:»fte ftdb. 
3 ]70Dne mib beojium* 
bp.eamleaf bedn* 
pepten punian- 
3 hif pyptjiumaa* 
polban bepolen * • 
pyjipt-meapc pepan. 
ptille on pCttSole* 
ppa peo ptepn jecpae'S. 

pjfebe epc onpdn* 
ppa)?inbl86bh«<^. 
ppa pe be£in jepeox» 
heah to heoponum* 
ppa ]7U hs&le'Sum eapt* 
^a eallum> 
eop'S-buenbum • 
peapb T pipa* 
nip 'pe pi'Sepbpeca- 
man on molban* 
nym%e metob &ia< 
pe "Sec dceofipe'S* 
op cymnjbdme. 
-J Sec pineleapne- 
on pji8ec penbeS. 
^ ponae onhpeoppe^S. 
heoptan pine* 
f J?u ne jemynbjapt*' 
a&ptep mdn-bpeame* 



only fall, 

which erst stood fast, 

and then with beasts 

be joyless, 

dwell in the waste, 

and its roots, 

buried in earth, 

be, for a space, 

still in their station, 

10 (thus spake the voice,) 
and, after seven seasons^ 
seed again receive 5-— 
so is thy glory : 
as the tree grew 
high to heaven, 
so art thou to m^i, 
alone to all 
earth-dwellers, 
guardian and leader : 

20 to thee is no withstander, 
no man on earth, 
save the Lord only, 
who will cut thee off 
from thy kingdom, 
[ 203 ] and thee friendless 
will into exile send, 
and then will turn 
thy heart, 
that thou be not mindful 

ao after sinful joy. 



> See '' Westenrieder, Glossariam Ger. Lat. Vocum Obeol. Prinu et Medii 
uEvi," voce Befuhlen. 

b The ^ is here requisite to the sense^ and has^ without doubts been omitted by" 
the scribe-: it is found in Daniel's repetition of the words. See p. 252> line 23. 

c Both the sense and the alliteration require bit^ instead of UiS, 

d MS. xemyt>xajt. 



252 



CiEDMON'a PARAPHRASE* 



ne jepitfcef paft. 

butan pilbeojia J^eap • 

ac |?u lipjenbe- 

lanje J^a^e^ 

heopta hlypum* 

;;eoDb holt punaft* 

ne fox's J^ec ms61-iaete» 

nym^e mdjief 3]i«r* 

ne ji^ft pifcob* 

&c 'pec jiepia fc<iji> lo 

peceB 3 pjiece'S* 

fpa pilba beop* 

o"? ^ f u ymb peofon pmtep* 

pdB jelypept- 

^ pie in metob* 

eallum mannum» 

jieccenb ^ pice- 

p6 on pobepum ip. 

ip me ppa ]^eah piUa* 

f pe pyjitpuma. ^ 

ptille p»p* on ptaBole. 

ppa peo pfcepn ^^q^ae^- 

•3 ymbe peopan tlbe» 

ps^e onpenje* 

ppa fin pice. 

jiepfcenbe ^"8- 

£nploh pop eoplum* 

o"? f )m ept cympfc* 

jehyje |?u ppea min* 

paeptlicne ps6b* aa 

pyle aehnyppan. 

pep eapmpa hleo* 

J^in^a pop 1$eobne* 

«6p "Sam peo fpah cyme* 



not understand^ 

save the wild beasts' thews ; 

but thou livings 

for a long season^ 

with harts' leaps^ 

among the holts shalt dwell. 

To thee shall not be meal-meat^ 

save the moimtain's grass, 

nor rest assigned 5 

but thee the rains' shower 

shall waken and chastise^ 

as the wild beasts, 

till that thou, after seven winters^ 

shalt in sooth believe 

that there is one Creator, 

over all men 

ruling and powerful, 

who is in the heavens* 

Yet it is my will 

that the root 

still be in its station, 

(so the voice spake,) 

and, after seven seasons, 

seed receive : 

thus thine empire 

shall be resting 

waste before men, 

till that thou again comest* 

Do thou devise, my lord, 

firm counsel, 

give ahtis, 

be to the poor a refuge, 

pray before the Lord, 

ere that the season cometh^ 



• yBtf seema to be an error for psejie* 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE^ 



253 



^ he J^ec apoppe. 
Of populb-jilce. 
Oft; metob al^t;« 
moni^e "Seobe* 
pyjican |?onne* 
hie polbon rylf e* 
fyjiene fs&ftan* 
j%i him f«ji jobef * 
l^ujih ejeptn jjiyjie. 
albpe jefceobe. 
no |?8&f f ela bamel* 
fco hif bjuhtne ^efpjifieci 
fdiSiia pdjiba- 
]?up.h fnytjio cjiaeft* 
^ f af d fe pica* 
peccan polbe. 
mibban-jefqibef peapb* 
dc hip mdb aptah- 
heah ppam heoptan* 
he )?aep heapbe onjealb* 
onjan "Sa jybbijan. 
}^uph jylp micel* 
calbea cynin;* 
|?a he ceaptpe peolb* 
babilone buph* 
on hij' bMbe jepeah. 
pennepa pelb. 
pibne bepmban- 
heah* hhpjan^ 
f pe hepe-tyma- 
pepebe jepophte^ 
]>uph punbop micel- 



that he shall cast thee 
from thy worldly kingdom.' 
[ 205 ] Oft the Creator lets 
many people 
act^ when 

they themselves would 
commit crimes^ 
ere the fear of God, 
through terrific horror, 

10 their lives overwhelmed. 
Not so many Daniel 
spake to his lord 
true words^ 

through wisdom's power^ 
that for them ever the prince 
would reck^ 
the ruler of mid-earth ; 
hut his mood rose 
high from his hearty 

90 (he for this hardly pfdd). 
Began then to be giddy^ 
through great pride^ 
the Chaldeans' king, 
as he ruled the city^ 
ihe town of Babylon^ 
saw, in his prosperity^ 
Shinar's field 
wide winding, 
the metropolis towering, 

90 which the martial leader 
had for his people wrought, 
by a great wonder* 



* As hlijrijan cannot well refer to jennajia j:elb^ I suspect that the word bujih 
has been omitted after heah, and that we ought to read heah-bujih hlijrisan^ 
which is necessary also to the sense of what immediately follows, viz. pejiebe 
jepojihte* 



254 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



peaji'S 'Sa diihybi;* 
ojzeji ealle men- 
ypxSmdb in pepan. 
poji "Saepe pinboji-ppe 
]fe him job fealbe. 
pimena jifce* 
pojilb to jepealbe. 

m pejia lipe- 

* » * 



Then became he stubborn, 

over all men, 

arrogant in mind, 

for the extraordinary gift 

which to him God bad given, 

of men the empire, 

the world in domination. 

In the life of men 



'Su eapiS peo micle* 
3 mln peo mii6pe buph 
]fe ic jepophte* 
to pup'Smynbum* 
ptime pice, 
ic pepte on )7e. 
eapb •] eSel. 
djan pylle* 
iJa pop "Sam jylpe* 
pimena bpihten* 
poppanjen peap'S- 
^ on pleam jepdc. 
^a on opephyb* 
opep ealle men- 
j-papoiJ pepa*. 
on jepm-bajum- 
jeocpopcne piS. 



Thou the great earth 
10 and mine the grand city 

which I have wrought 

for my glory, 

my spacious empire !«-*- 

I will rest in thee : 

my land and dwelling 

will possess/ 

Then, for that vaunt, 

the lord of men 

was driven forth, 
90 and in flight departed, 

alone in pride 

over all men, 

(such is the wandering of men, 

in their days of sorrow,) 

a painful journey. 



^ My interpretation of line 23 and the five following is conjectural ; to justify 
it« poV must be considered as synonymous with paV (see p. 256. 1. 33.) and not 
prophetiam, as Lye renders it ; and bejete (p. 256. 1. 3.) an error of the scribe, 
perhaps for bejiehte ; which conjecture seems to be countenanced by p. 256. 1. 31 . 
Lye's version of lines 19-23 is as follows : " In fugam abiit singularis in arrp- 
gantia tuper omnes homines sicut effatum hominum in tyrannidis diebus praidiX' 
erat, i, e. Expulsus est regno omnium arrogantissimus Nebuchadnezzar, juxta 
prophetiam apud homines divulgatam, ipso adhuc imperante," 



CJEOMON S PARAPHRASE. 



255 



10 



m jobef pite- 

"Sajia ^e epc lipjenbe* 

leobe bejefce. 

nabochobbnoffoji • 

piJiJan him miS jobep . [ 206 } 

hpeiS Of heofonum. 

hefce jefceobe. 

j-eopon prnteji famob- 

fUfl J?popobe- 

pilbeojia p^ften* 

pln-bujije cynmj. 

Ua fe eajifo'S maec;- 

tip locobe* 

pilbeojia jepita* 

]?uph polcna janj- 

^emiinbe pa. on mtfbe* 

^ metob paepe- 

heopona heah cyninj* 

haele'Sa beajinum* 

£na ece ^apt- 

)?a he ept onhpeajip* 

pdban jepittep* 

fa&ji )?€ he 8&p. pibe b»p. 

hep-e-popan hije. 

heojitan jeteuje* 

]^a hip 2^pt ahpeajip* 

jn jobep jemynb. 

m<5b to mannum* 

piiJ'San he metob on jet. 

jepdc ]7a eajim*peeapen» 

epc-pi5ian« 

nacob nyb-jenja. 

m« je^apian* . [ 207 ] 



90 



30 



in God's punishment, 

for the things which when again 

among the living 
he to his people related. 
Nebuchadnezzar, 
after that him God's ^enmity, 
fierce from heaven, 
had with hateo'erwhelmed« 

Seven winters together 
endured torment, 
the wild beasts' waste, 
the king of the loved city. 

When the afflicted man 
looked up, 

the wild beasts' comrade, 
through the clouds' course, 
he remembered then in mind 
that the Creator was 
the heavens' high King ; 
to the children of men 
alone the eternal Spirit ; 
then he turned again 
from his wood mind, 
to where he erst -bare widely 
a martial leader's soul, 
with heavy heart : 
then his spirit bent 
to thought of God, 
his mind to men, • 
when he his Creator knew : 
went then miserably shapen, 
journeying back, 
a naked unwilling wanderer, 
his punishment enduring ; 



« 3e*^apan seems not to suit the context ; ^e>ohan is probably the trae ij^eading. 



25a 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



punboplic p)i«cca* 
3 pi6ba leaj-^ 
maetjia on mob-^e'Sanc* 
to man-cynne* 
"Sonne pimena peapb* 

in jtip« f^r* 

jt;db nubban-jeajib* 

aejrceji man-bjiihtne* 

eajib ;j e"8el. 

ejiteji ]?am K'Selinje* lo 

feopon pmtep famob* 

rpa no i7i«jiobe« 

p!ce unbeji jiobejuim* 

©•B ^ j-e jiaefpa c6m» 

J?a paej- eft jej* eteb • [ 208 ] 

m albojibom*' 

babilone peajib* 

h»pbe betepan "Seap* 

leohtjian ^el^apan* 

in lip-]::puinan* aa 

^ ce job pealbe* 

pimena jehpilcum- 

pelan ppa pit^. 

ppa he polbe jylp» 

ne lenjbe J^a* 

leoba alboji* 

pitejena popb-cpybe» 

ic he plbe beab* 

metobep mihte* 

)7aep he melb ahte^ aa 

p«-jaefc Y^ibe. 

plnum leobum* 

pibe pa'Se* 

\e he nub pilb-beoyium ateah** 

* In German also^ the verb Ziehen 
of to go* 



a wonderous wretch^ 

and weedless I [derate 

in his mind's thought more mo« 

towards mankind^ 

than^ when guardian of the people^ 

he was in his pride. 

Mid-earth stood, 
after the prince of men, 
his land and dwelling-place^ 
after the chieftain, 
seven winters together, 
BO that flourished not 
the empire under heaven ; 
till that the chief returned. 

When again was seated 
in his sovereignty 
the lord of Babylon, 
he had better habits^ 
a brighter futh 
in Aw life's Author j— 
that God gave, 
to every man, 
both weal and woe, 
as he himself would. 

Slighted not then 
the prince of people 
the prophets' sayings, 
but widely he announced 
the Creator's power, 
whereof he had had proof : 
told his journeying 
to his people, 
the wide wandering 
that he went with the wild-beasts^ 

(cognate with ate6n) is used in the sense 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHKASE. 



257 



o'S ^ him jijiean ^obey* 

in jaft beq>dm. 

jiaebpa&ft fejia- 

•Sa he to pobejium be]'eah< 

pyjib paef jepopben. 

punbop jecy^eb- 

fpepn jepe'Seb. 

fupl apunnen- 

bdm jebemeb. 

fpa »p baniel cpse^* 

f pepolc-C(^a- 

pnban pceblbe* 

eap-fo^S-pSap- 

pop. hip opepmeblan* 

ppa he oppfchce. 

job ppellobe. 

metobep mihtum* 

pop man-cynne- 

p^^an in babilone* 

buph-pttenbum- 

lanje hpile* 

Mpe p»jbe. 

baniel bdmap* 

piSiSan beopa jep'S- 

pilbpa paep-jenja. 

op paiJe q><5m* 

nabochobonoppop* 

op ni'S-ppacum* 

p'S'San peapbobe • 

pibe pice- 

heolb halcSa jepqieon* 

T fa hein buph- 

ppdb popemihtij- - 

polcapaeppa- 

calbea cynmj* 

oiJ f him cpelm jepceob. 



till that to him^ of the Lord 6od^ 

into his spirit came 

a steadfast sense. 

When to the firmament he looked, 

was the decree fulfilled, 

the wonder manifested, 

the dream accomplished, 

the pain overcome, 

the doom deemed, 
10 as Daniel erst had said ;— 

that the nations' leader 

should find 

hard fortunes 

for his pride, 

as he rashly 

the God had acted, 

with the Creator's powers, . 

before mankind. 
Then in Babylon 
ao to the inhabitants, 

for a long season, 

wisely pronounced 

Daniel dooms. 

When the beasts' associate, 

the ranger of the wilds, 

came from the wandering, 

Nebuchadnezzar, 

from his dire exile, 

then he protected 
30 his wide empire, . 

guarded the people's treasures, 

and the lofty city ; 

wise, prepotent, 

the people's chieftain, 

the Chaldeans' king, 

till that him death destroyed. 



268 



CiBDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



YptL him ojzeji eop'San- 

anbfaca ne pa&f • 

jumena aBnij. 

oiS ^ him ;ob polbe- 

)mjih hjiyjie hpebban* 

hed jiice- 

p'S'San ]7»ji hif apejian* 

eab bjiyttebon- 

pelan punben-^olb* 

m l^aejie pfban byju;* 

ealh-ftebe eojila* 

impichce* 

heah htfpb-msejen- 

l^a hyjia hlajzojib las;:* 

LV. 

Da m 'Saepe "Seobe aptSc. 

hip f )7pibbe cneiyp* 

psep balbazap- 

bupja albop- 

peolb pepa picep- 

&8 f hmi plenco ^epceob* 

opephyb ejle. 

"Sa paep enbe ba^* 

•Saep "Se calbeap* 

cymn^btfm ahton^' * 

'Sa metx)b onlah*, 

mebum ^ peppum* - 

albopbomep- 

ymb* htel paec- 

let babilone* 

bla&b ppi'Spian. 

}wne fa baele'S. 

healban pceolbon- 



10 



[209] 



io 



30 



So to him on earth 
was no withstander 
any man^ 

till that from him Grod wonU^ 
through his fall^ take 
his proud kingdom* 
Afterwards his sons there 
enjoyed dominion^ 
wealthy twisted gold, 
in the wide city, 
of men the hall-steady 
not weakly, 

the lofty treasure-hotxse t^— 
then their lord perished. 

LV. 

When in that nation rose 

from him the third generation^ 

Belshazzar was 

the cities* prince y 

he ruled the realm of men, 

till that him pride destroyed, 

hateful arrogance. 

Then was the last day 

that the Chaldeans 

the kingdom held, 

when the Lord bestowed 

on the Medes and Persians 

the sovereign-sway. 

For a little space 

he had let Babylon's 

glory flourish, 

which those men^ 

were to enjoy. 



■ MS. and Junius ym. 



^ The Medes and Persians ? 



CiSDMON'S PARAPHRAI^E. 



259 



pifee he ealbojimen- 
in tinjuhtum* 
"Ba "Be "Sy jilce. 
ps§ban fceolbon* 

hdm-pccenbe • 
meba aIbo|i* 
f s^ji man ne on^an* 
f he babilone- 
abjiecan polbe- 
alh-ffcebe eojila- 
pBBji ©"Behnjaf • 
unbeji pealla hleo* 
pelan bjiyfcnebon. 
f paep |?ajia pssptna* 
polcum cu'8opc. 
rm^yt ^ me^jiopt* 
]7apa ]>e men bdn* 
babilon bupja* 
o'S f balbazaji* 
]?ujih jylp ^ome* 
jobef pjiea paebe. 
ps^ton him BBt pine- 
pealle beldcene* 
ne onejbon na* 
oplejjia ni'8- 
)?eah "Be peonba pole- 
pepan q>ome« 
hepeja jeps&bum- 
to J?aepe heah-bypij. 
f hie babilone* 
abpeeau mihton* 
jepa&t )7a to pyinble- 
plbeptan baeje. 
calbea cymnj- 
mib cneo-majum. 
s2 



10 



70 



30 



He knew the mlers 
to be in unrighteousness^ 
those who the realm 
should govern. 

Then that resdved 
at home sitting, 

the Medians' prince, [ed, 

what man before had not attempt- 
that he Babylon 
would destroy, 
of earls the hall-stead, 
where the people, 
under their ramparts' covering, 
enjoyed weal : 

that was o( those fastnesses, 
most known to nations, 
chiefest and greatest, 
which men inhabit, 
Babylon of cities y 
till that Belshazzar, 
through vaunt, fiercely 
said he was lord of Ood* 

They sate with him at wine, 
with wall inclosed ; 
they feared not 
of wars the evil, 
although of enemies a nation 
came marching, 
with martial equipage, 
to the metropolis, 
that they Babylon 
might destroy. 

Sate then at a feast, 
on his last day, 
the Chaldeans' king 
with his kindred : 



260 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



]?»ji mebu-jal peaji%* 

maejenef pifa. 

het ]7a bejian* 

ifpaela jejt:iieon« 

hurl-paru haleju. 

on hanb pejium* 

pa 8&JI calbeaf • 

mib cyne-'8jiyinme. 

cempan in ceaftjie* 

claene j^n&non* 

Xolb m xejiuralem. 

%a hie lubea* 

bb6b pojibjisScon* 

billa ecpim- 

•3 ]7uph hleoSop-cyme*' 

heja-^e jenamon* 

beophte pjiafcpe** 

"Sa hie tempel ftjiubon 

falomanef j-elb. 

rpi«e pilpon. 

"Ba peajvS bh'8e-m6b. 

bujija albop* 

jealp ^dmhce* 

jobe on anban* 

cp»'8 f hif hepjaf • 

hyppan paepon* 

^ mibtijpan* 

mannum tx) ppilSe* 

]7onne ijTiaela* 

6ce bpihten* 

him f tdcen peap'S* 

J?8ep he t6jt;apube. 

ejej-hc pop eoplum. 



[210] 



10 



20 



30 



there became .flushed with wine 

the ruler of their mighty 

bade then bring 

the treasures of Israel^ 

the holy vessels of sacrifice, 

to the hands of the people, 

which the Chaldeans erst 

with their kingly host, 

the warriors, in the city, 

had clean taken, 

the gold in Jerusalem, 

when they of Judea 

destroyed the glory 

with faulchions' edges, 

and, through the prophecy, 

for their idol took 

the bright ornaments, 

when they the temple spoiled, 

the seat of Solomon :— 

much they vaunted. 

Then was blithe, of mood 

the prince of cities ; 

fiercely boasted, 

in hate to God ; 

said that his idols • 

higher were, 

and mightier, 

for man's protection, 

than the Israelites' 

eternal Lord. 

To him was that a token, 

where he stared, . 

fearful before his earls. 



* For hleotToji-rCyme, we should undoubtedly read hleotToji-cpytoe. 
^ Between this and the following line there is no alliteration : heojihte is per- 
haps an error of the scribe for trojihte. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



261 



innan healle* 
f he poji leobum* 
lije p6jib jeq?ae'8. 
I^a )?«ji in ^ej-an. 
enjel bjuhtnef • 
let hif hanb cuman- 
in f hea-felb. 
pjidt \fK in y&ge* 
pdjiba jejiynu- 

• 

bafpe bdc-jtapaf • 
buph-pttenbum- 
"Sa peajv8 polc-tx>ja- 
pojiht on m6be* 
dcul poji \fam. ejefan- 
jej-eah he enjief hanb 
in fele ppltan- 
pennajia pite* 
f jybbebon- 
^mena msemjeo- 
ha&leiS in bealle* 
hpset peo hanb pjute* 
to \fam beacne* 
buph-pttenbum • 
pejiebe coinon* 
on f punboji pedn- 
fohton )?a ppiiSe- 
in pepan jehybum- 
hpset peo hanb pjute. 
hahjep ^aptep- 
ne mihton ajis^ban* 
jitin-cpa&ptije men. 
enjiep aepenb-bec- 
seiSelinja cyn* 
oiS f baniel c<5m- 
bpihtne jec6pen- 
pnotop "5 p<5iSp»pt. 



within the hall, 

that he, before the people, 

lying words had spoken ; 

when there in terror 

the angel of the Lord 

let his hand come 

into the high seat ; 

wrote then on the wall 

mysteries of words, 
10 crimson characters, 

to the city-dwellers. 

Then was the chief of nations 

fearful in mood, 

shuddering with dread ; 

he saw the angel's hand 

write in the hall 

Shinar's punishment. 

At that were troubled 

the multitude of people, 
7a the men in the hall, 

what the hand wrote ? 

To that sign 

to the city-dwellers 

they in a body came, 

on that miracle to gaze, 
[ 212 ] sought then eagerly, 

in their minds' recesses, 

what the hand wrote 

of the holy spirit. 
30 Might not interpret 

the men in mysteries skilled 

the angel's message, 

that race of men, 

till that Daniel came, 

by the Lord chosen, 

wise and upright, 



262 



CiBDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



in f felb ^anjan* 

"Sam p80f on jafte* 

jobej- cjuejt: miceL 

to }?am ic jeojine jejijifle^n' 

;2ypim ceapian* 

bujih-jepeajibaf. 

f he hun b6c-ftapaf • 

ajisebbe ^ ajiehte* 

hpset feo jitin bube* 

hun s^-cjisejitij* 

anbfpapobe* 

jobej- fpel-boba< 

jleap jej^ancep- 

no ic pi1$ peoh-f oeattum* 

opep pole bejie* 

bjuhtnep bdmap- 

ue 'Se buje^Se can- 

ac pe unceapunja* 

6plaBj pecje. 

p6jiba jejiynu* 

]>a ]7U penban ne miht* 

]?u poji anmeblan- 

in seht bejie* 

hupl-patu halepi* 

on hanb pepum* 

on ]7am je beoplu- 

bjimcan on^unnon* 

iSa s6ji ipjiaela* 

in s§ hs&pbon- 

»fc jobep eapce* 

0*8 f hie jylp beppac 

pin-bpuncen jepit* 

ppa J?e pujvSan pceal* 

no ^ ]7in albop* 

8epjie polbe. 

jobej' jolb-patu* 



10 



ao 



30 



into the hall ; 

in whose spirit ifs^ 

the great power of God ; 

for that^ I have well understood, 

with gifts would buy 

the city's guardians, 

that he to them the characters 

should read, and should explain 

what that mystery might bode. 

Them the skilled in law 
answered, 
God's prophet, 
wise of thought i-^-^ 
^ Not I for venal treasures 
among nations bear 
the Lord's decrees, 
nor can to thee for benefit, 
but to thee, imrecompensed, 
thy fate will say, 
those words* mysteries, (pret ;-— 
which thou mayest not inter- 
Thou in thy presumption, 
barest in possession 
the holy vessels, 
into the hands of m^ 
in which ye devils 
to drink designed, 
which erst the Israelites 
had in their law, 
at the ark of God, 
till that them pride deceived, 
wine-drunken wit : 
so shall it be to thee. 
That thy parent not 
ever would, 
God's golden vessels 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



263 



in jylp bejian* 

ne* iSy hpa'Soji hjiembe- 

"Seah "Se hepe bjiohte* 

ijTiaela jeftjieon. 

m hif aehfce-jepealb. 

ac f Offcoji jeq^KiS. 

alboji 'Seoba* 

r<S«ump6pbum. 

oj»ji fin mSBjen- 

pS'Ban him pulbjief peajib 

punboji jecy^be- 

f he psejie dna* 

ealpa ^epceapta* 

bjuhten J palbenb* 

fe him b<5m pojijeaf- 

unpcynbne bls&b- 

eojiiSan jiicef - 

;j ]>u hjnept nu. 

f jie llpjenbe. 

fC opeji beoflum- 

bu;e]?um pealbe*?. 



10 



20 



bear in vaunt ; 

he it the rather hindered^ 

though his host brought 

Israel's treasure 

into his possession ; 

but that oftener told 

the people's prince^ 

in true words, 

among his army, 

(after to him the chief of glory 

had the wonder manifested,) 

that he alone were 

of all creatures 

Lord and Ruler, 

who to him power had given, 

unstained glory 

of earth's dominion ; 

and thou deniest now 

that living is, 

he who over devils 

in glory ruleth. 



^i" 



[Hactenus omnia in Cod, MS' elegantiore manu sunt exarata : seqttentia 
vero, a pagina 213 usque ad finem, minore cum cura sunt perscripta, viden- 
turque adjecta ah aliquo, qui (quemadmodum ex fine libri coUigitur) hunc 
veluti Librum Secundum prioribus putavit adjiciendum. — F. Junius.] 

^ ne^ I have no doubt, is an error of the scribe for he. 



265 



Ds&t peajiiS unbepne* 
eojvSe-buenbum • 
f meotob hsepbe* 
miht ^ ftjienjSo. 
iSa h6 ^epejtnabe- 
fdlban fceataf • 
feoljra he jefecte- 
jiuman ^ mdnan- 
]*tdnaf ;j eojiiSan. 
ftjieam utx)n- 
ffife-paeteji ^ pdlcen. . 
iSujih bif punbpa miht< 
beopne ymblyt- 
clene ymbhalbe'8*- 
meotob on mihtum. 
;j alne mibban-jeajib. 
he felpa msBj- 
p8& je<Snb-plifcan. 
jjiimbaf m heopene. 
jobef £jen beajin. 
^ he ajilman ms&j* 
jis^naf fctijian- 
bjiopena jehpelcne. 
baja 6nbe-jiim- 
peolua he jej'ette- 
}mjih hif fd'San mlht- 
fpa pe pyphfca- 
)?uph hip pulbjiep jdpt. 
pejiebe ^ pecte. 



BOOK II. 

[213] That was unhidden 
to earth's inhabitants 
that the Creator had * 
might and strength, 
when he fixed 
the world's regions. 
He himself set 
the sun and moon^ 
the stones and earth, 
10 the stream without, 

the sea- water and clouds, 
through his wonders' might. 
JTie deep expanse 
clean upholdeth 
the Lord in his power, 
and all mid-earth. 
He can himself 
look through the sea's 
depths in the heaven, 
20 (God's own child,) 
and he can count 
the ram-showers' 
every drop, 
of days the number. 
Himself he placed, 
through his true might, 
(as the artist,) 
through his glory's spirit, 
planned and set. 



• The word ymbhalbe* can hardly be correct. The Poet would not use the 
particle ymb twice in the Hame couplet ; the alliteration, too, requires a diflfereut 
vowel. Perhaps he wrote uphalbeV. 



266 



c^dmon's paraphrase. 



on fix bapim* 
eojvSan baelej-*- 
up on heoponum^* 
heanne holme* 
hp& if f "Se cunne* 
oji^Sonc cls&ne- 
uym'Se 6ce job* 
bjiedmaf he jeb»lbe. 
btijuiSe "3 je)7eobe^- 
dbam s^peft* 
•5 ^ a&'Sele cyn. 
enjla 6jib-fjiuman* 
f )?e eft fojipeap'5. 
iSuhte heom on mdbe- 
f hifc mihte jyi* 
f hie pejion feolfe. 
fpejlef bjiytan- 
pulbjief palbenb. 
him iSaeji popf jelamp. 
'Sa heo m helle* 
hdm ftaiSelebon. 
dn aeffcep o*Spum. 
in f &cole fqi^f • 
]7sep heo bpyne pelme- 
biban pceolben- 
fdpan fopje. 
nalef fpejlep leohfc* 
habban m hebpnum* 
heah- jetimbpab • 
dc jebupan fceolun. 
m 'Sone beopan pselm* 
niiSflBp tmbflep nepfaf- 



10 



20 



30 



in six days, 

the parts of earthy 

the heavens above 

the deep ocean. 

Who is there that knoweth thee, 

pure intelligence, 

save the eternal God ? 

The joys he dealed 

of virtue, and created 

Adam first, 

and that noble race, 

the angels' chiefs, 

that which after perished. 

Seemed to them in mind 

that it so might be, 

that they themselves were 

lords of heaven, 

rulers of glory. 

Them there worse befell, 

when they in hell 

a home established, 

one after other, 

in that drear den, 

where they scorching heat 

must bide, 

sore sorrow, 

not the light of the firmament 

have in heaven 

built on high, 

but must dive 

into the deep fire, 

downward beneath. 



^ Should grammatically be balaf . 

^ This line seems to be an error for *j up^heoj:on, or heofonaf . 
^ Evidently an error for ^eteobe, creavit, and not the substantive jejieobe, 
lingua, sermo, as Lye has it (see Suppl. voct bujut^). 



CiEDMON'6 PARAPHRASE. 



267 



in ^one neoplan ^jiiinb* 

jjiebije T pFjie. 

job £na pat- 

hu he f fcylbije pepub* 

popfcjupen* hepbe- 

cleopa'S iSotine pe alba* 

tit op helle* 

pjiice'B pojib-q>ebar* 

pejiejan peojibe* 

eipejan ptepue* 

hps&ji com enjla 'Spj^in* 

'Sa ]7e pe on heopnum* 

habban pceolban- 

piY ip «eoptp« hiUn. 

"Seaple jebunben- 

paptum pjTi.clommum. 

pldji ip on pelme* 

attjie onaeleb* 

nip ntl eobe peop* 

f pe pceolun aetpomne* 

pupel ];jiopian- 

pedn ;j pepjum- 

naUej^ puljvep bls&b* 

habban in heopnnm* 

heh-pelba pyn» 

hpaet pe poji bjiyhtene iti- 

bpeamap hepboji* 

ponj on pp^le. 

peljium tibum- 

]7aeji nu jmb iSoQe ecan* 

seiSele ptonbaiS. 

heleiS ymb heh-pelb» 

hejuja'S bpihten- 

p6pbum ^ pepcum* 



into the abyss profound^ 

greedy and ravenooa. 

God only knows 

how he the guilty host 

had proscribed. 

Then calleth the chi^ 

out of hell^ 

uttereth words, 

with speech accursed, 
10 with icy voice :-^ 

^ Whither is come the angel-host, 

those whom we in hearen 

should have ? 

This is a home of darkness, 

strongly bound 

with fast fire-bonds, 

the floor is on fire, 

with venom scorched ; 

the term is not far distant 
20 that we together must 

torment endure, 

in woe and maledictions, 

not a life of glory 

have in the heavens, 

the joy of thrones, 
[214] Alas! we erst before the Liord 

had joys, 

song in the firmament, 

in better times ; 
30 there now, about the Eternal, 

proudly stand 

men round the throne ; 

praise the Lord 

with words and works> 



*^ fopfcjiipen bep^e seems evidently intended as a translation ofproacripHt* 



268 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



3 ic in pite fceal* 

biban in benbum* 

3 me hedttpsm hdm* 

foji opejihy^bum- 

s^pjie ne p6ne* 

iSa him anbfpepaban* 

dtole jaftaf- 

fpajite ;j fynpulle. 

jTifle bejpojienne- 

)?u uj' jehSpbaejt;- 

iSuph lyje "Slnne- 

^ pe helenbe* 

h6jian ne pcealbon* 

"Suhce ^e dnum ^ 'Sirahtejl:' 

allep jepalb. 

heojqi^ef ^ eoji}?an* 

psejie hahj job- 

pcypenb j-eolpa- 

nu eajit tu eajim pcea'Sa* 

m }r^-16can. 

pepfce jebmiben- 

p^nbep iSu iSuph pulbop* 

"Sat ];u pojiulb ahtept* 

alpa onpalb* 

;j p6 enjlap mib iSec. 

atol if ]7in onpeon* . 

habba'S pe alle ppd* 

foji 'Sinum leajnmjum- 

ly^jie jepejieb- 

pejbepfc up fco pd^e- 

f iSIn puuu paejie- 

meotob mon-cynnep. 

hapup fcu nu mdpe pupel. 

ppa ppenpuUe. 

pacnmn pdpbum* 

heopa albop-iSaejn. 



and I in torment must 

abide in bonds, 

and to myself a better home, 

for my presumption, 

never hope/ 

Then him answered 

the horrid ghosts, 

swart and sinful, 

with torment shuddering : — 
10 ^ Thou taughtest us, 

through thy lying, 

that we the Saviour 

should not obey ; [hadst 

it seemed to thee alone that thou 

power of all, 

of heaven and earth ; 

wert the holy God, 

the Creator himself: 

Now art thou a poor wretch, 
20 in fire-bonds 

fast-bound. [ry. 

Thou thoughtest, through thy glo- 

that thou the world heldest, 

sway over all, 

and we angels with thee : — 

horrid is thy aspect. 

Thus have we all, 

for thy leasings, 

fared the worse : 
30 thou saidest us for sooth, 

that thy son was 

Lord of mankind : — 

now hast thou great torment.' 
Thus the sinful, 

with factious words, 

their chief supreme 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE, 



269 



unjieopbabon* 
on ceajium cpibum* 
cpift heo apjibe* 
bpeamum bebs^lbe* 
hsepban bjiyhtnef leoht* 
foji opejihyjbum. 
upan jrojileten- 
h»}:bon hym to hyhte* 
helle-fldjiaj-* 
beojinenbe beflo* 
bUce hpojipon* 
fcmnan pojifcepene. 
fceaiSan hpeajipbon* 
eajime aejlecan* 
jeonb f atole fqiep. 
poji %ain dnmeblan* 
];e hie sSji bpxijon:. 

II. 

GfC jieopbabe. 

o'Bjie piSe- 

peonba alboji* 

paef fa pojipojihfc djen. 

peo'S'San he 'Saej- picef • 

p6jin jepelbe. 

he fpeajitabe. 

iSoiine he ppjieocan onjan* 

}r^e ^ afcfcjie- 

ne bi*? ppelc paejeji bjiedm* 

'Sonne he m pitum* 

p6jib inbpap- 

ic psep 16. in heopium* 

hah; senjel- 

bjiyhfcene beojie- 

hepbe me bjieam mib jobe 

micelne poji meotobe* 



addressed^ 

with anxious speeches. 
Christ them expelled^ 
of bliss deprived them. 
They had the Lord's lights 
for their presumption, 
forfeited above^ 
had for their hope 
the depths of hell^ 
10 burning torments. 
Pale they wandered, 
transformed their beauty ; 
outcasts they ranged, 
poor wretches, 
through that horrid den, 
for the arrogance 
which they erst had practised. 

II. 

Spake again, 

a second time, 

the prince of fiends ; 

w€is then punished anew, 

when he of that torment 

felt the force. 

He blackened, 

when he to speak began, 

with fire and venom : 

Such fair Joy it is not 

when he in torments 

words expressed : — 

^ I was once in heaven 

a holy angel, 

to the Lord dear, 

me joy possessed with God, 

great before the Creator, 



20 



30 



270 



CJBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



"3 "Seof menejo fpa foma* 

]?a ic in mdbe- 

mlnum hdjabe* 

^ ic polbe tropejtpan* 

puljiej* leoman* 

beajin helenbef • [ ^^^ ] 

^jan me bujija jepalb* 

edll to »hte« 

'J Veoy eapme heap* 

pe ic hebbe to belle- 

h&n jelebbe- 

pene ^e f t£cen pitol* 

T paeps*^* 



10 



and this many also. 

Then I in my 

mind thought^ 

that I would overthrow 

that beam cyf glory, 

the child of God, 

gain me the sway of the celestial 

all to my possession, [dties,^ 

and ye, poor band, 

that I have to hell 

led home, 

ween ye that token manifest, 

and the eurse& 



\fVk ic op-apealb pep* 

m^eji unbeji nKjjaj'- 

m "Sone neoplan jjiunb* 

nu ic eop hebbe to hasptmn* 

h£m ^epsepbe* 

alle op eapbe*^ 

mp hep eabijep** tip- » 

ploncpa pm-pele* 

ne populbe bpeam* 

ne enjla 'Speat* 

ne pe up-heopon* 

&jan ne moten* 

ip Sep dtola h^m- 

pype onseleb* 

ic eom pah yvS job* 

eee set helle bnpu* 

bpacan eapbija'8. 



30 



when I was delivered 

beneath, imder the earth, 

into that pit profound. 

Now I have you to bonds 

led home, 

all from your habitation* 

Here is no glory of the btee^dy 

nor joyous hall of the grand,^ 

no worldly delight, 

no angel-host, 

no heaven above we 

may possess. 

This horrid home is 

with fire scorched ; 

I am a foe to God. 

Ever at hell gate 

dragons dwell. 



^ Here several lines are evidently wanting. 

^ Should probably be the gen. plur., ea%>i3j\a^ like ploncpa, in the following 
line. 



CiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



271 



hate on jie^jie* 

heo uf helpaa ne majon* 

If iSef pdlica h^« 

picef aj^lleb* 

ndjan pe ^sef heidptpep • 

f pe tip ^ehyban ma^n* 

in iSippum neoplan jenipe« 

heji ip nebpan ppe;« 

pyjimap ^eptinabe* 

ip "Bip pifcep clom* 

pepte jebunben- 

peonb peonbon p^Se* 

bmrnre ^ beopce* 

ne hep baej lyhfceS* 

pop pcebep pcfman** 

pceppenbep leohfc* 

16. ahte ic jepalb* 

eallep pulbpep. 

)?«p ic mopfce^^ 



hot in spirit^ 
they us may not help. 
This woeful home is 
with torture filled. 
fPe possess not this cavern 
that we may hide us 
in this gloom profounds 
Here is the hiss of serpents^ 
a haunt of worms. 
10 This bond of torture 
is fast-bounden^ 
. our foes are fierce, 
dim and dark. 
Here day lighteth not 
for the shade's gloomy 
the Creator's light ! 
Once had I power 
of all glory, 
where I might 



» « * 

* # * 

m "Seoppum atolan* 

aefiele jebiban- 

hpset me bpihten ^ob* 

b6man pille- - 

pdjum on plopa^. 

nu 10 pepan com* 

beopla mene^o- 

to "Sippum bimman h£m* 

ac ic pceal on plyje- 

3 on plyhte "Spajum- 



90 in this horrid 
country bide 5 
what to me Lord God 
will adjudge, 
on his glittering floor. 
Now I come leading 
a host of devils, 
to this dim home ; 
but I shall flying, 
and fleeing, in the course of time 



■ My translation of this line is founded on the conjecture^ that for jciman we 
should read f cupan, or a word of similar import. 
^ Here again some lines are evidently wanting, 
c Apparently an error for jplojic. 



272 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



eajiba neofan* 

;j eopeji mi Jw- 

"Sef ojrephybef . 

djib onptalbon* 

ne 'Sujifon pe 'Ssf p6nan* 

^ uf pulboji-cyxun;* 

il^ffie pille- 

eajib al^pan* 

eiSel to »hte* . 

fpa he 8&JI bybe- lo 

ecne onpalb* 

ah him allef jepalb* 

pulbpef ^ pifca- 

palbenbep pinu- 

fOji'Son ic fceal hedn *;] eapm* 

hpeoppan iSy pibop. 

pdban ppaec-lapfcap- 

pulbpe benemeb- 

bupiiSum bebeleb- 

nsSmjne bpedm djan* 20 

uppe mib aenjlum* 

]>«f '8e ic »p jeq^aeiS. 

^ ic pa&pe peolpa. 

ppaejlej- bpycta. 

pihta pealbenb- 

ac hifc hmi pJTipe jelomp- [216] 

III. 

Spa pe pepeja ^apt. 

p6pbum pa&be. 

hip edppo'So. 

ealle a&tpomne. • 30 

pah m pypnum. 

pyp-leoma pfcdb- 

jednb f atole pcpa&p- 

nttfte jeblonben. 



lands visit J 

and of you more who 

of this proud deed 

formed the design. 

This we may not hope, 

that us the King of glory 

ever wiU 

o dwelling grant, 

a country in possession, 

as he erst did, 

eternal power ; 

but sways over all 

glory and punishments 

the Powerful's son, 

therefore mustl,humble andpoor, 

wander the further, 

tread exile-steps, 

bereft of glory, 

of dignity deprived 5 

no joy possess 

above with angels, 

because I once had said 

that I myself was 

heaven's Lord, 

Ruler of creatures/ — 

But it the worse to him befell. 

III. 

Thus the sprite accursed 
said in words 
his woes, 
all at once, 
(Stained with crimes, 
a fire-beam he stood) 
through that horrid den 
with venom blended :— ^ . 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



273 



ic eom hm-p»ftmuin* 

f ic jelutian ne ma&j- 

on j^yjfum jib&n j-ele- 

fynnum fojipunbob. 

hpaB'Seji hat ;j cealb- 

hpilum menc^a'S* 

hpilum ic jehejie. 

helle fcealcaf • 

jnopmenbe cynn- 

^tinbaf ms^nan- 

m'Seji unbeji na&jjum- 

bpllum nacobe men* 

pinnaiS* ymbe pyjimap., 

ip )?er pmbija pele* 

eaU mnepeajib* 

atole jepylleb. 

ne mot ic hihtkcjian* 

hdmep bpucan. 

bujija ne bolba* 

ne^on ]?a beojihtan jepcaepfc" 

ne mot ic sepjie md* 

eapun ptajuan* 

ip me nu pyjip** 

f ic pulbpep leohfc. 

tippe mib enjlum* 

»Fjie cu«e. 

ponj on ppejle- 

];8ep punu meotobep- 

babba^ eabijne^ beajm- 

ealle ymbpanjen- 

peolpa mib panje* 

ne ic ]?am paplmn ne mdt* 

aenipim pce'SSan. 

butan ]7am dnum- 



10 



30 



^ I am in my limbs^ 
{so that I may not bend 
in this wide hallj) 
wounded with sins* 
Both hot and cold 
sometimes mingle : 
sometimes I hear 
hell's ministers, 
a wailing race, 
these gulfs bemoaning, 
down in the deep abyss ; 
sometimes naked men 
serpents wind round. 
This windy hall is 
all within 
with horror filled j 
I may not a more joyous 
home enjoy ; 
towns nor palaces, 
20 nor on the bright creation 
may I ever more 
gaze with my eyes. 
To me it is now worse 
that I the light of glory, 
up with angels, ' 

ever knew, 

song in the firmament, 
where the Creator's Son, 
the blessed Child, have 
all encircled, 
even myself with song. 
Souls I may not 
any injure, 
save those alone 



^ pmnatr seems to be an error for pinbaV. 

.^ The ace. masc. eabt^ne is here singularly applied to the neuter subst. beajin. 

T 



274 



OifiDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



pe he ttf-a^an nyle* 

« * • 

pi, ic mdt to ha^jitam* 

h&DQL ^epejuan* 

bjiin^an to bolbe* 

in ]H>iie bitepan jptinb- 

ealle pe jyobon* 

tin^elice* 

)H>ime ]y6 pe iti in heoponiim< 

haepbon SBjipcji- 

plite *] peoji'Smjnt* 

pul opt putt^ep. 

bjiohton to beafime* 

beajin h»lenbep« 

]y»]i pe ymb bine titan* 

ealle hopan* 

leomu ymb leopne* 

Idp-ponja pdjib* 

bjnhtne p»bon- 

nti ic eom bs^bum p^* 

jepunbob mib pommnin- 

pceal nu |?ypne pitep clom* 

beojian beo/inenbe- 

in b»ce minum* 

h£t on belle- 

hybt-pillan leap* 

pa, ^^ peola q>ibe* 

pipna hepebe* 

atol ae^l^Bca* 

tit op belle* 

pitum pejiij* 

pojib j^eajicum pleah* 

attpe jelicopt* 

J^onne be tic );uph-bpdp* 

eala bpihtenep J^pym* 

eala bupi'Sa helm* 



that he will not claim ; 

those I may as captives 

lead home^ 

bring to my habitation 

in the bitter gulf. 

We are all 

imlike to what we were, 

when we once in heaven 

had erst 
10 beauty and dignity. 

Pull oft of glory 

they in their bosoms brought 

the Saviour Child^ 

where we^ round about him, 

all raised^ 

round his loved limbs, 

the praise-songs' words, 

to the Lord said them. 

Now I am stained by deeds, 
ao wounded with crimes ; 

now must / this bond of torment 

bear burning 

on my back, 

hot in hell, 

of hope devoid.' 

Then yet in speech his many 

crimes he lauded, 

the fell miscreant 

out of hell, 
90 with torments weary. 

27ie words flew in sparks 

likest to venom. 

Then he exclaimed :— 

* O majesty of the Lord ! 

O Patron of the good ! 



1 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



275 



10 



eala meotobef miht* 

eala mibban-eajib* 

eala bae^-leohta- 

eala bjie^m jobe]'* 

eala en^ ]^pe£&« 

eala u}i-heopon« 

eala f ic edm ^allef \e&f* 

ecan bjiedmef • 

f ic mib hanbum ne mae;* 

heofon jeps^can* 

ne mib eajum ne mdt* 

up l(5cian« 

ne hujiu mib e^jium ne fcedl* 

s&pjie jehejian- 

J?aepe byjihfceffcan • [217] 

beman jrepne* . 

•Saef ic polbe op felbe. 

funu meotobef. 

bjnhcen abplpaUf 

'2 djan me |?«f bjieamej- jepalb. 

pulbpef ^ pynnie. 

me )?aBji pyppe ^elamp- 

]7onne ic to bihte« 

djan mopfce- 

nu ic eom apcedben* 

pjiam ]7»iie pcijian bpihc* 

aMbeb Fpam leohte. 

m ]7one M^an hdm* 

ne mae; ic ^ ^^lucj^an* 

hu ic m 'Saem beqxSm* 

m );ip neople jenip- 



21 



30 



O might of the Creator ! 

O mid-earth ! 

O light of day ! 

O joy of God ! 

O host of angels ! 

O heaven above ! 

O that I am bereft of all 

eternal joy ! 

that I may not with my hands 

the heaven reach^ 

nor with my eyes may 

upward look^ 

nor even with my ears shall 

ever hear 

the brightest 

trumpet's voice, 

because from his throne I would 

the Son of the Creator, 

the Lord, drive down, [that joy 

and for myself acquire power of 

glory and delight ! 

Then worse befell me 

than I in expectation 

might entertain ; 

now I am sundered 

from that bright band, 

led from the light 

into this loathsome home, 

nor may I that call to mind 

how I came in it, 

into this dark profound. 



mib pynnum pdh* 
apo]ipen op pojiiilbe* 
y&c ic f nti J?^- 

T 2 



with sins polluted, 
cast from the world. 
Yet now, know I this. 



276 



C^DMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



f hVS allef leaj** 

ecan bpeamef • 

fe iSe heopen-cyninje. 

hepan ne >ence«. ' 

meotobe cpeman* 

ic f moji'Sjie* fceal. 

pein "J pltu- 

"3 ppace bpeojan. 

jdba beba&leb» 

iti-baebum pdh- 

pmy 'Se ic je]K)hte abplpan 

bpihten op felbe* 

peopoba palbenb* 

fceal nu ppec-laffcaj-. 

fettan fophj-ceapij- 

fi'Saj-'* plbe:. 

IV. 

Dpeapp J^a to helle. 
J>a he jeheneb p»f . 
^obef anbfaca* 
bybon hif pnjpan fpa*^- 

J^a hij job bebpaj:. 
m f hate hop- 
)^am If hel nama* 
pop |?an j'ceal jehycjan. 
haele'Sa aejhpylc. 
f he ne absehje- 
beapn palbenbef • 
laefce him to byfne. 
hu ^B. bMcan peonb* 
pop opephyjbum- 



that will be void of all 
delight eternal^ 
he who heaven's King 
thinketh not to obey^ 
the Creator to propitiate. 
I, for this deadly sin^ must 
woe and torments 
and exile sufFerj 
of good deprived^ 
10 stained with my former deeds^ 
because I thought to drive 
the Lord from his throne, 
the Rnler of host§ : 
now shall /exile-steps 
sorrowing tread, 
wide joumeyings/ 

IV. 

Turned then to hell, 

when he was condemned, 

the denier of God : 
90 so did his followers 

grasping and greedy, 

when them God drove 

into that hot abode 

whose name is hell. 

Therefore must be mindful 

every man 

that he anger not 

the Powerful's Son, 

let be to him an example, 
30 how the pale fiends, 

for their presumption. 



* The context seems to require faej mojitJjiej. 

^ MS. and Jun. jibaj-. 

c In MS. jome stands as a gloss over this word. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



277 



ealle pojipujibon- 

neoman Uf to pynne* 

peojioba bjuhr«n* 

upne ^cne ^ej:e&n^ 

en^la palbeiib* 

he f jecybbe* 

f he ma&jen-qise):t h»pbe 

mihta miccle* 

pB, he l^a maene^o abji^j:* 



all perished. 

Let us take to us in delight 
the Lord of hosts^ 
exalted everlasting joy^ 
the angels' Ruler. 
He that made manifest 
that he had might, 
great powers, 



when he that many drove 
hseptap op %»m he£n pelbe- lo captives from the lofty seat, 
^emunan.pe ]7one haljan bjuhten* May we remember the holy Lord, 



ecne m pulbpe* 

mib alpa ^epcepta* 

* * ^ 

ceopan up eajib m pulbpe- 
mib ealjia cynmja cymn^e 
pe ip cjupfc jenemneb* 
beopan <5n bpeoptum* 
bh'Se je);ohfcap- 
pibbe *] pnyfcepo* 
jemunan pd^S ^ piht« 
poiine pe fco heh-pelbe» 
hnl^an )?encai$* 
-J ]?one alpalban* 
£pa bibban* 
J^onne behopa^* 
pe Ve hep puna%- 
peopulbe pynnum* 
f hmi phfce peine. 
]7onne he o'Sep lip- 
epc jepeceiS- 
mycele pa&^pe lanb* 
J^onne J^edp polbe* 
j-eo ip* phfcij ■] pynpum 
pseptmap peina'S. 



20 



[218] 



30 



eternal in glory, • 
with of all creatures, 

choose us a dwelling-place, 

with of all kings the King, 

who Christ is named ; 

bear in our breasts 

blithe thoughts, 

peace and wisdom ; 

may we remember sooth and right, 

when we to the high throne 

to bend design, 

and the All-p6werful 

pray for benefits, 

when it him behoveth 

who here dwelleth, 

in the world's joys, 

that may to him in beauty shine, 

when he another life 

shall seek hereafter, 

a land fairer 

than this earth, 

where beauteous and winsome 

fruits shine. 



■ Over j-eo ij the word fae/i is written in the MS., either as a correction or a gloss. 



278 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



beojihfce opep bujijum-- 

];8e]i If bji^e lonb* 

hyhtliqia Mm. 

in heopon-pice* 

cpifte jecpemjui* 

uton dcejijian J^bep* 

Jwp he jylpa pt^ 

p^opapalbenb* 

bpihten haelenb* 

in 'Sa&m beopan hi[m» 

3 ymb f^ heh^petl* 

bpice ftanba'S* 

en^Ia pe'San* 

;j eabijpa*- 

hahje heopen-J^peataf • 

hepi^aiS bpihten- 

pdpbum ^ peopcum* 

heopa phce poine'S. 

^eonb ealpa populba populb* 

mib pulbop-cyninje:- 

V. 

Da jec ic pup^Sop jeppejen- 
peonb^ onbetan* 

p»r him eall pul ftpaiij* 

« « « 

pom "J pifcu- 
haepbon pulbop-cynmj- 
pop opephijbum* 
£npoplaet«n« 
cpaebon ept hpa^e- 
o^pum pdpbum. 
nu If jepene. 
f pe ^cfynjobon. 



brightly aromid. 

There is a spacious land, 

a home more joyous 

in heaven's kingdom^ 

to Christ more grateful. 

Let us turn thither^ 

where he himself sittetfa, 

the triumphant Ruler, 

the Saviour Lord. 
10 In that dear home, 

and around the throne,. 

stand white 

hosts of angels, 

and of the blessed, 

holy heavenly bands 

praise the Lord, 

in words and works, 

their beauty shineth 

over the world of all woiids 
90 with Me King of glory. 

V. 

Then, as I have further learned, 

the fiends confessed, 

(was to them all too strong 

their dread and torments : 
they had the King of glory, 
in their pride, 
forsaken.) 

Again they quickly spake, 
in other words :— ^ 
30 ^ Now it is seen, 
that we have sinned 



« MS. and Junius^ eabijjie. 

^ For jreonbaj", as at p. 265, 1. 16. — MS. and Junius, peonba. 



GiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



279 



uppe on jeapbe* 

f ceoloa nu aejijie ^say* 

bjieojan bdmleafe jepmo 

bjuhtnej^ mihtum* 

hpest pe in pulbpef plite^ 

pimian mojiDon* 

pSRji pe hal^an jobe* 

hejian polbon- 

T him fanj ymb j-elb* 

fecjan fceolbon* 



10 



20 



];ufenb-m8elum» 

pSL pe }>»)i punobon on pynnum 

jeheyibon pulbjiej- fpej- 

beman ptepne- 

byjihfc-pdjib aji^p* 

enjla ojib-pjiuma* 

^ to )^8em 8e]7elan« 

hnl^an him pcap* 

pje-fcojihc afiif • 

ece bjiiht^n* 

opep tip jepfcdb. 

*] jeblefcpobe. 

bilepitne heap- 

bojjia jehpilcne. 

] hip pe beopa punu- 

japfca pcyppenb. 

50b peolpa paep- 

eallum anbpen;* 

pe 'Saep up becom* 

*] hine on eop^i* 

»p jelepbe- 

pa iSaBp opl^uhfce* 

f pe J?eoben paep. 

pfcpanj -J pfci'Smdb. 

onjan ic pa. pceppan pop^. 



30 



above in our abode^ 

for which we now shall ever 

wage powerless war 

with the Lord's might. 

Yes ! we in glory's splendour 

might have dwelt^ 

where we the holy Grod 

might praise^ 

and song about his throne 

should utter 

by thousands. 

Then we there dwelt in bliss, 

heard the sound of glory^ 

the trumpet's voice. 

The Bright of word arose^ 

the Creator of angels^ 

and to the Illustrious 

the saints prostrated themselves ; 

triumphant rose 

the Lord eternal, 

stood over us^ 

and blessed 

the meek assemblage^ 

each day ; 

and his dear Son^ 

the Creator of spirits^ 

was himself God, 

grateful to all, 

who there came up, 

and who himself on earth 

had erst delivered. 

Then / took it ill, 

that the Lord was 

strong and stern of mood; 

then began I to step forth 



280 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ina PI'S en^lum* 

^ to him eallum fpjisec* 

ic can eop Mjian- [ 219 ] 

lanjpimne ]\s&b* 

^ij: pe ymiscS minpe* 

mihte jelepin- 

utan opephycjan* 

helm J^one micclan* 

pejioba palbenb* 

djan up )?ip pulbjiep leoht- lo 

eall to »hre« 

J^ip ip ibel jylp- 

$ pe a&p bjiujon. 

ealle hpile* 



VL 

Dajepeaji'S upic- 
f pe polbon ppd- 
bjiihten abjilpan- 
op }?am beopan hdm* 
cynmj op cepfcjie- 
cuB ip pibe. 
f ppec-laptap. 
puman motOB- 
jpimme jp6nbap- 
job peolpa him* 
pice halbeiS- 
he ip fina cymnj. 
pe up eoppe jepeap'S- 
ece bpihten* 
meotob mihtum ppilc* 
pceal nu J^eop menejo hep 
hcjan on leahfcpum- 
pume on lypfc pcacan* 
pleojan opep polban- 
pyp bi^ ymbutan- 



alone among the angels^ 

and to them all spake : — 

* I can give you 

lasting counsel^ 

if ye will in my 

power believe. 

Let us despise 

the great Supreme, 

Ruler of hosts, 

gain to us this light of glory 

all into our possession ; « 

this is idle vaunt 

that we have before endured 

all this while. 



VI. 

Then it befell us, 

that we would thus 

the Lord drive out 

from the dear home, 

the King from his city> 
20 Wide is it known 

that our exile-steps 

must seek 

the grim abyss. 

God himself 

holdeth the empire, 

he alone is King 

who hath become angry with us> 

the Lord eternal, 

the Creator, in power so great, 
30 Now must this many here 

lie in their crimes ; 

some flit in air, 

fly over earth. 

Fire is around 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



1281 



on aejhpylcum. 
J^aeh he uppe f eo- 
ne m<Sfc he )?am faplum- 
J?e "Saeji flea's up* 
eabije op eop}^an* 
s^pjYe jehjiinan* 
ah ic be honbum mtft* 
hseipenjie pceal*. 
jjilpan to jjitinbe- 
jobep anbpacan* 
pume pceolon hpeop.paii» 
^eonb haale^a lanb* 
■] tinpbbe. 
opt onptyjiian* 
monna mae^iSum* 
jeonb mibban-eajib. 
ic heji jeJ?ohan pceal- 
]fing8L aejhpylcep. 

bitpep Ml ^aep beala jnopman 

^ m ^ 

peoc ^ pophpul* 
pdsy ^^ peolpa peolb- 
J^onne ic on heoponum* 
him pta'Selobe* 
hpa&Beji up pe 6ca» 
«ppe pille. 
on heopona jiice* 
h£m alepan- 
e^le^ to ahte. 
j-pa he 8§p bybe« 



on every one ; 
though he be on high, 
he may not the souls 
that there tend upward, 
the blessed from the earth, 
ever touch ; 

but with my hands I may 
the heathen knaves 
snatch to perdition, 
10 the deniers of God : 
some shall wander 
over the land of men, 
and discord 
oft stir up 

to the tribes gf people, 
throughout mid-earth. 
I here must forfeit 
every thing, 
bitterly in these miseries mourn, 

20 sick and sorrowful, 

because I myself would sway, 

when I in heaven 

had a home established. 

Will the Eternal 

ever us 

in heaven's kingdom 

allow a home, 

a country in possession, 

as he erbt did?' 



a This word is evidently incomplete ; it should be a substantive, governed by 
the word jj^ipan : perhaps the poet wrote haefene jcealcaj, which would accord 
with the line in apposition, jobej anbjacan, as well as with the whole context. 

b This line is certainly corrupt : perhaps we should read bitjie in >ar bealu 
^nojrnian. The second line of the couplet is wanting. 

c Apparently an error for etJel. 



282 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



fpa piopnebon* 

^obef anbfacao- 

h^te on helle* 

him psef h»Ienb ^ob* 

ppaiS ^epojiben* 

foji pom-q>ibum- 

pop]K)ii ma^ jdiycjan- 

j^e'Se hif heojifce beah- 

f he him appjie- 

f^iecne ^^J^ohtap • lo 

l&Se leahtjiaf • 

lip^enbpa jehpylc- 

^emiman jymle on mdbe- 

meofcobep pfcpenj^o- 

^eappian up tx);«nep* 

jpene ptpjfete- 

up to en^lum- 

)?aep ip pe selmihti;^ job- 

.3 up bepae'Sman pile- 

ppeo-beapn jobep. ao 

pp pe ^ on eojvSan* 

9§p jeJ^enca'S- 

T up to )?am haljan. 

helpe ^elepa'S* 

}?onne he up no poplaeteiS* 

ah lip pylcS. 

uppe mib enjkun- 

eabipie bpeam- 

caece^S up pe t^ophta* [ 220 ] 

tpumhcne hdm- ao 

beophte buph-peallap- 

beopht:e pcina'S- 

jepaehje paple^ 

popjum bebs&lbe. 

J?aep heo a&ppe pop^S. 

punian moten* 



Thus lamented 

the deniers of Grod^ 

hot m hell ; 

with them was the Saviour God 

become wroth^ 

for their evU sayings : 

wherefore should be mindfiil 

he whose heart is good^ 

that he banish .firom him 

wicked thoughts^ 

loathsome sins : 

every one living 

remember ever in mind 

the Creator's strength, 

prepare before ourselves 

a green path 

to the angels above, 

where is the ahni^ty Grod, 

and us will embrace 

the beloved Son of God, 

if we that on earth 

erst meditate, ^ 

and ourselves to the Holy 

for help resign ; 

then will he not desert us, 

but will give us life, 

up with angels, 

blessed joy. 

The Illustrious will assign us 

a more stable home ; 

the bright burgh- walls 

brightly shine, 

the happy souls 

from cares are parted, 

where they evermore 

may possess 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASfL 



283 



10 



ceffcjie *3 cyne-ftdl. 

uton cyj^an J^sefc.* 

beman pe on eoji^an* 

aepjioji llpjenbon* 

lucan nub lijtiim* 

locen palbenbep* 

onjeotan jaftlice- 

Uf on^ean cuma'S* 

J^uj-enb enjla* 

pf ]7ibeji moton- 

;j ^ on eoji'San* 

fiSji jepyjica'S. 

j:oji]H)n fe bHS eabi;* 

re«e jejrjie pile 

mdn Ofephycjen* 

meotobe cpeman- 

pynne abpaepcan- 

rpahej7lj:acp««. 

fd'Spaepfce men- 

funnan jelice. 

pa&jjie jepjiaetepob. 

in heojia pebeji-pice- 

j-cInaB in fcelb-byjiij* 

)?aeji heo pceppenb. 

j'eolp bepae'SmeiS. 

pa&beji man-cynnep. 

ahepe^ holblice* 

m heoponep leoht* 

l^aeji heo mib pulbop^ynmje* 

punian moton- 30 

apa to albjie* 



20 



m 



djan bjiedma bjieim 
niib bpahfcne jobe. 



cities and kingly throne. 
ZfCt us that proclaim^ 
Judge we on earth 
to the earlier Jiving^ 
lock with knowledge 
the PotverfuVs sanctuary, 
understand spiritually, 
towards us shall come 
a thousand angels, 
if we thither may proceed^ 
and what on earth 
we ere do ... • 

Therefore he shall be blessed 
who will ever 
wickedness despise^ 
his Creator please^ 
extinguish sin^ 
as he himself hath said. 
Just men^ 
like unto the sun^ 
fairly adorned^ 
in their Father's kingdom, 
shall shine in the sheltering city, 
where them the Creator 
will himself embrace, 
the Father of mankind 
will kindly raise 
into heaven's light, 
where with the King of glory they 
may dwell 
throughout all ages, 

possess joy of joys 
with the Lord God, 



» From this line to line 12, I have rendered the Saxon words into English as 
accurately as I could, but regret my inability to make them intelligible. 



284 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



a to populbe* 
dbuton enbe:* 



for evermore, 
without end. 



VII. 

eila hpaefc fe apyjijba* 

ppa'Se jel;oht:e. 

f he heopen-cyninje. 

hepan ne polbe* 

ysebeji jijiepepjenbum. 

}Jdji attjie peol. 

hat unbeji hseptum* 

hpeopan beopla* 

pibe jeonb pmb-fele- 

pea-cpanebon- 

xndn ■] mop'Sup* 

p»f "Saep* mene^o J^aep- 

ppylce onaaleb* 

paej- f eall pill ptjionj. 

l^onne p»f heopa albop< 

J?e Ba&p s&pept cdm. 

j:op^S on j:ej?an. 

j:«rte jebunben. 

pype T lije. 

f p»f jiaeffthc J^peat. 

ec fceolbon hiy Jiejnaf • 

J^aep jepunian. 

atolan e'Slej-. 

nallej- up ]7anon* 

jehepan in heoj:onum- 

halijne bpeam. 

J^sep heo oyt j:»jepne« 

folja^ haepbon. 

uppe mib enjlum- 

pa&pon J^a allep J^aep- 



10 



20 



30 



VII. 

Alas, that the accursed one 

fiercely resolved 

that he heaven's King 

would not obey, 

the comforting Father ! 

The floor with venom boiled, 
hot amid the bonds 
of the fierce devils. 
Wide through the windy hall 
they wailed woefully 
their crimes and wickedness. 
Was the many there 
as if annealed. 
That was all most rigid. 

Then was their chief 
who first came thither, 
forth in the phalanx, 
fast bound 
with fire and flame. 
That was a stubborn band : 
eke must his followers 
there inhabit 
the gloomy land ; 
nor up from thence 
hear in heaven 
holy harmony, 
where they oft a fair 
train had 

above with angels : 
they were then, for aU this. 



» Apparently an error of the scribe for jco. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



285 



j6ba leafe. 

ah nym]7e jpynbef . 

punian [ne]* moten* 

T )?one pepijan fele. 

}>8ep If pom ;j pdp. 

pibe ^ehepeb* 

T SpiJ^-blninje. 

T ^^ojinunje mecja^** 



void of good 5 

butj save the abyss^ 

they may not inhabit^ 

and that dire hall, 

where horror and wailmg are 

heard afar, 

and teeth-gnashing, 

and men's groans. 



^ 



nabba'S pe to hyhte* 
nym|?e cyle ■] pyji. 
pe£n ^ pitu- 
^ pyjima J^jieafc. 
bjiacan ^ nsebbjian- 
^ }?one bunman h&m- 
jzoji'Son mihte jehepan- 
fe'Se »t hylle paep- 
tpelp mllum neh- 
^ ^Saeji paep cdiSa ^^heap* 
hltibe T jeompe- 
jobep anbpacan* 
hpeoppan jeonb helle. 
h£ce ons^leb- 
upan ^ utan- 
him p»f aejhp«p pd. 
pitum pejuje- 
pulbjiep bepcyjiebe- 
b]ieamum bebs^lbe* 
heopon beop jehyjb. 
]7a heo on beoponum* 



10 



[221] 



20 



We have nought in hope, 
save chill and fire, 
woe and torment, 
and a swarm of serpents 
dragons and vipers, 
and this dim home ! 

Verily he might hear 
who to hell was 
twelve miles near, 
that there was teeth-grinding 
loud and mournful. 
God's deniers 
wandered through hell, 
scorched with heat 
above and without. 
To them on every side was woe, 
with torments weary, 
bereft of glory, 
of joys deprived. 
They had deep counsel raised, 
when they in heaven 



^ I have here inserted the negative, which has evidently been omitted by the 
scribe, 
b Here several lines seem to be wanting. 



286 



GiBDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



h&m fta^elobon- 
f hie polbon ben8§man< 
n^fi^enbne Qjujt;* 
jiobepa jifcef • 
ah he on piht ^eheolb* 
hijieb heofona- 
^ f hahje felb- 
nif ns^Di; fpa jnotop* 
ne jpa cpaeptij. 
ne J?8§f fpa ^l^ap* 
nym]?e job feoljia- 
^ afecjan mseje* 
jpejlef ledmto- 
hu funnu*)?86p. 
fcineiS ymbutan* 
meotx)bef mihte* 
jeonb f msepe c^nn- 
J^sep habba'S enjlaj** 
eabijne bpeam* 
panctaj* pojaB. 
f If feolpa pop job. 
J^onne beoiS J^a eabijan 
]7e Of eop]7an coma's.^ 



i» 



10 



20 



a home would fix, 
that they would bereave 
the Saviour Christ 
of the heavens' kingdom ; 
but he rightly swayed 
the host of heaven, 
and the holy throne. 

There is none so wise, 
nor so cunning, 
nor so far skilfhl, 
save God himself, 
that he may tell 
the rays of the firmament, 
how the sun there 
shineth around, 
through the Lord's might, 
over that great race, 
where angels have 
harmony divine, 
saints sing, 

that is before God himself. 
Then shall be the bliessed 
who come from earth 



m 



bpmja'S to beapme* 
blo]tinan j-fcencep* 
pypfce pynfume- 
f jynb pdpb jobep- 
)?onpe hie bejise^me'S 
paebep man-cynnef. 
•J hie jefejua^S. 



30 



bring in their bosoms 
blossoms of fragrance, 
winsome plants. 

These are the words of God, 
wheni he shall embrace thetUy 
the Father of mankind, . 
and shall bless them ; 



* An error or corruption for jTinne. 

^ Here is manifestly a considerable hiatus in the sense, though, not in the MS. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



287 



mib hif fpi'Sjian honb# 
la&bae'S to Iihte* 
j^aeji hi lip djon* 
A to albjie* 
tiplicne h^m* 
beojihtne bujih-ftebe. 
bla&b htS aejhpanh* 
]^8em "Se haelenbe- 
hepan ]7ence^* 
"3 pel If J^am. 
^e f m6t :• 

VIII. 

p«f ^ encjel-cyn^ 

a^ji jenemneb.* 

« * « 

* » «: 



10 



with his right hand 

shall to light lead them, 

where they shall have life 

for evermore, 

an abode sublime, 

a bright dwelling-place. 

Glory shall be to every one 

who the Saviour 

shall be mindful to obey, 

and well is it to them 

who that may. 

VIII. 

The angel race was 
erst named : 



lucipeji haten- 
leoht-bepenbe. 
on ^eap-baj^um* 
m jobef jYlce. 
]7a he m pulbpe* 
pjiohte onptalbe. 
f he opephyba. 
djan polbe- 
]*atanuf ppeapte- 
jepohte** f he polbe 
on heoponum* 
heh-pelb pyjican- 
uppe nub }?am 6can« 
f p«p ealbop heopa- 



Lucifer called. 
Light-bearing, 
in former days, 
in God's kingdom. 

Then he in his glory- 
raised strife 
ad that he preeminences 
might possess. 
Satan darkly 
sought, that he might, 
in heaven, 
a throne establish 
above with the Eternal. 
That was their chief. 



A Here is manifestly an hiatus in the poem. 

^ MS. and Junius 2e]>ohre, but the alliteration evidently requires ^ej-ohte. 



288 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



ypelef ojib-jrpuma*. 

him ^ ejit sehpeap. 

]^a he to helle* 

hnl^an fceolbe- 

"3 hij- hipeb mib hine- 

into jejliban* 

nejijenbef mS- 

T no feo'S'San. 

f hi moffcen in ]^one ecan* 

anbplitan^* ^ lo 

buton enbe* 

]^a him e^a becom* 

byne poji beman. 

ph he bujiu m heUe* 

bjiaec "J bejbe. 

bhf peajiiS monnum* 

pSL hi haelenbef • 

heafob jefapon • [ 222 ] 

poime p»f ]7am atolan- 

pe pe 8&JI n^mbon- ^ 20 



^Ae author of evil : 

he rued it afterwards^ 

when he to hell 

must sink, 

and his crew with him 

fall into 

the Preserver's hate^ 

and from thenceforth 

that they might not on the Eternal 

look^ 

for evermore. 

Then dread came over them 
at the thunder before their Judge^ 
when he the doors in hell 
brake and bent. 
Bliss was to men^ 
when they the Saviour's 
visage saw. 

Then was to that fell oney 
whom we ere named 



pa, paejion nub e^an- 
ealle apyjihte. 
pibe jeonb pmb-pele. 
pdpbum maenbon* 
J^if ij' pcponjhc- 
nu J^ep ptojim becom< 
|?ejen nub );peate» 
}?eoben enjla,- 
him bepojian pipe's, 
paejepe leoht- 
]7onne pe «ppe 8§p» 
eapim jepapon* 



30 



Then with dread were 

all affrighted^ 

wide through the windy hall 

moaned in words : — 

^ This is awful : 

now hath this storm overwhelmed 

chieftain and followers. 

It is the Lord of angels, 

before him goeth 

a fairer light 

then we ever ere 

saw with eyes. 



a MS. and Junius ojib-pjiuman. 

^ anbpliran seems to be an error for onpliran. 

^ Here is evidently another hiatus of some lines. 



CJSDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



289 



buton ]ia pe mib enjlum^ 
uppe p»jion* 
pile nti ujie pitu» 
]?uph hij" pulbjief cjtaepC' 
eall topeojipan* 
nti "Sey ejfa com- 
byne poji bjiihtne* 
pcei^l ]7ef bjieop^a heap* 
unjeapa nti- 
atol ]?popian- 
hic If fe feoljia--. 
yunu palbenbef • 
enjla bpihcen- 
pile uppe heonan* 
fapla ls6baii« 
■] pe fecSiJan &• 
J?aBf yppe peopcef • 
heniSo jeJ^ol^aiS- 
hpeapF ]?a to heUe« 
hsele'Sa beapnum* 
m^tob ]?u|ih mihte* 
polbe manna pirn* 
fela ]>ufenba- 
fop^ jelseban* 
up to e'Sle* 
}>a com enjla fpej* 
byne on baejpeb.. 
haapbe bpihten feolp- 
]:eonb opeppohten • 
p»f peo paehiSe }>a jyt- 
open on. uhtan* 
}>a pe ejpa becom. 
let j?a uppapan. 
eabije paple- 
ab^mep cyn. 

u 



10 



ao 



30 



dave when we with angels 

were on high. 

Now will he our torments, 

through his glory's power^ 

all dissipate. 

Now this dread, hath come, 

thunder before ^A« Lord, 

must this dreary band 

suddenly now 

suffer terror* 

It is he himself, 

the Powerfors Son, 

the Lord of angels ; 

he will up from hence 

lead souls, 

and we ever after, 

for this work' of wrath, 

shall suffer punishment/ 

Went then to h^ll, 
for the children ofmen, 
the Lord, through his might : 
he would of men a number, 
many thousands, 
lead forth, 

up to their heavenly country. 
Then came the sound of angels^ 
thunder at dawn : . 
the Lord himself had 
the enemy o'ercome, 
the warfare was (is yet 
open at early mom ; 
then the terror seized them^ 

lie let then ascend 
the blessed souls, 
the race of Adam ; 



290 



GADMON^S PARAPHIUSB. 



3* ne moffce 6fe |wi jyt- 
plitan m pulbjie^* 
s§}i heo pdjibum cpsIS* 
ic ]7e #116 abealh* 
6ce bjuhten* 
}^ pit abam tpa^» 
eaplep ]7ijboQ> 
]7ujih naebbjian wX* 
ppa pit na ne pceolboB* 
jeMjibe unc fe atola* 
re«e »}7ie nti- 
beopne'8 on benbum* 
f pit bl»b ah ton* 
hahpie him* 
heopon to jepalbe* 
]?a pit iSsf apsep^ban* 
pdpbum jdypbon- 
namon mib hanbum^ 
on J^am haljah tjieo* 
beophte bteba^ 
unc^^wep bitepe pop;ealb 
fa pit m J^ip hice fcp»p* 
hpeoppan pceolbon* 
3 pintpa jum» 
puman peo'S^^an* 
]>a]^nba peolo* 
]>ea]ile on»leb* • 
nti ic }w halpje- 
heopon-picep peapb* 
pop ]>an hipeb^« 
J?e iSu hibqi la&bbept* 



la 



9D 



30 



but Eve iBight not as ydft* 

on glory look^ 

ere she said in words ; — 

' I alone angered thee^ 

Lord eternal ! 

when we two, Adam mnd ^ 

of the apple ate, 

through the serpent's malice^ 

as we should not. 

Taaght us the baleful o^Cy 

he who ever now . 

shall bum in bonds^ 

that we might bliss enjoy^ 

a holy home, 

heaven in owr power* 

Then we the Accursed^ 

words believed> 

took with mir hands, 

on the holy tree, 

the bright fruit ; 

for this he bitterly requited us, 

when we into tMs hot den 

were forced to go, 

and a number of winters 

dwell there afterwards, 

many thousands, 

severely burned. 

Now I beseech thee. 

Guardian of heaven's kingdom, 

by the train 

that thou hast hither led. 



^ The context requires the substitntton of ac for *j. 
^ Apparently an error of. the scribe for pulfeeji, in the accusative. 
^ This is an Islandic idiom ; see Rask's Islandic Grammar, p. 228, Stockholm 
Edition. 



CJiBDMON*S PARAPHRASB. 



291 



enjla J^jieafcaj-. 
f ic up heonon* 
maeje ^ mdt^* 
mifa miujie m»j8e* 



* 



3 ymb ]>jieo niht com- 
]>ejen hselenbef • 

h^ni to helle* 

* * * 

* # * 



hosts of angels^ 
that I up from hence 
can and may^ 
with my kindred 



and after three nights came 
the Saviour's minister 
home to hell^ 



If nfi h8e]!tum ftponj* 

pitum pepij. 

fpylce hun pulbop-cjTimj« 

jrop onm»blan* 

eopjie jepojiben. 



M) 



is now firm in bonds^ 

with torments weary^ 

as if with him the King of glory^ 

for his presumption, 

had been wroth. 



* 



rejbej-fc uf to pdiSe* 
f te feolpa job. 
polbe hel-papum* 
hdm jehhtan* 
ajidf ]?a dnpa jehpylc< 
•J j>vS eapm jepaet*^. 
hleonabe yrS hanba* 
)?eah hylle jpype* 



[223] 



20 



^ 7%otc saidest to us in spoth,^ 
that God himself 
would to hell's inhabitants 
home descend.' 

Arose then every one, 
and on his arm rested, 
leaned on his hands : 
though hell's horror 



* Here is a considerable hiatus in the poem. 

^ Junius has most unaccountably altered this word to ^ejiec, forming with 
the preceding word a compound/ eajimsejiec; which Lye, citing the place, in- 
terprets arm-reach, prt^ectio brachii. The poet's intention is evidently to describe 
the posture of the captives in hell, when, oppressed with chains^ they endea- 
voured to rbe at the entrance of the Saviour. 

u2 



292 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



yasjion ealle ^fn 

ja^en in p]uium< 

» » * 



dreadfcd seemed^ . 
they were all for this 
glad in their sufferings. 



f heojia bpihcen- 
polbe hun to heipe 
helle jcfecan* 



that their Lord 
would for their help 
seek hell. 



jisehte ysL mib hanbum* 

to heopen-cymnje. 

bseb meotob miltpe* 

]?uph majuan Mb • 

hpset ]7u fjiam mlnpe bohtoji 

bpihten onp<5ce* 

in mibban-^eajib* 

maiinum to helpe* 

n& If jefene- 

f "Su eajit jylja job. 

ece opb-jipuma* 

ealjiajefcajfta:* 

Villi. 

Let ]7a upjiajian* 
ece bpihten* 
polbpe haejrbe* 
pitej- clomma*. 
peonbum oVfaayteb* 
•J heo piji^oji fceap- 
in f neople jenip. 
neappe jebejeb. 
Jy»p nix patanup. 
j-peapte ]>Hija"8. 



raught then with his hands 
to the King of heaven, 
prayed the Lord for pity, 
10 through the person of Mary : — 
'* Verily, thou from my daughter. 
Lord, wast bom, 
on mid-earth, 
;for help to men l 
now is it seen 
that thou thyself art God, 
eternal Author 
of all creatures.' 

Villi. 

Let them then ascend 
» the Lord eternal : 
he in glory had 
bonds of torment 
on the fiends fastened, 
and them further thrust 
into that deep darkness, 
closely curvedy 
where now Satan 
darkling supplicates. 



Apparently^an^rror for clommaf. 



GXDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



293 



eajim a^laeca* 
^ ya, atolan mib hiin< 
pitum pepi^e* 
nallef pulbpef lebht* 
habban moton* 
ah in helle ^unb< . 



poor wretch ! 

and those wicked with him 

weary with punishments. 

No light of glory 

may they have, * 

but in hell's abyss. 



ne hi ebcepjiej-- 
seppe moton peiian* 

peoi$i$an hun p»f bpihten ^ob. 

« *■ . * . 

ppa'S jepopben* ' lo 

pealbe him pitep clom* 

afcole to 8&hte* 

1 ejpan jp^e- 

bimme' "j beopicne- 

bea'Sep pcupan* 

h^tne helle ^pdnb* 

hmp'S^ jpype. 

"Saefc la paep paejep. 

f^ pe p6'8a c6m. 

up to eapbe- 20 

^ pe 6ca mib him- 

meotob man-cynnep- 

m ]7a ms^pan buph* 

hdpon hme mib him- 

hanbum hahje* 

pitijan up tx) e'Sle* 

abpahamep cynn* 

haepbe ]?a bpihten peolp* 

beaiS opeppunnen* 

peonb jeplemeb- 30 

f m pypn-bajum- 

pitejan paebon* 

* Apparently an error for bimne. 
^ f seems to be an error for >a. 



not of return they 

may ever think, 

after the Lord God with them was 

become wroth, 

gave them bonds of torment 

dreadful in possession, 

and terror's shuddering ; 

dim and dark 

death's shadow, 

hell's hot abyss, 

(an end of horror ! 

O that was fiEur, 

when the assemblage came 

up to their home, 

and with them the Eternal, 

Lord of mankind, 

into that great city ; 

they ndsed him with them, 

the holy, with their hands, 

the prophets, up to the heavenly 

the race of Abraham, [country, 

Had then the Lord himself 

death overcome, 

routed the foe : 

what in ancient days 

prophets had ssdd, 

^ MS. and Junius^ in j-i^. 



294 



GNOMON'S PARAFHVtA^. 



f he fapla polbe- 



that he would souls 



pif paef on uhtan* • 
eall jepopben- 
8§[i ba^pebe- 
f fe byne becom* 
hldb Of heoponuin* 
]?a he heUe bujiu- 
fopbpsec 3 fopbejbe. 
ban peopnobon** 
y^ hie fpa leohtne* 
ledman jepapon* 
jepet }^ nub ]?as]ie pyfibe 
j-Tium-beapn jobef • 
pebe r6«-cpibum. 
fnofcjie jaffcaf - 
ic eop ]niph mine- 
mihte jepophte. 
^bam s^pejt;- . 
T f «*8ele pij:. 
]7a hie b^eton- 
on sobef pillan* 
j:eopejiti5 beajina* 
f pop's J^onon* 
mibban- jeapb** • 
memo pnpeocon* 
^ pmtjia peola- 
pu^an mopt^n* 
eoplap on e'Sle* 
o^ f epc ;elamp- 



10 



20 



This was ere i»im 
all performed, 
ere blush of day, 
that the thunder came 
loud from heavM, 
when he hell-door . 
brake and bent-dow^. 
JTieir band^ wjete Gonsumed 
when they such a bright 
beam saw. 

Sate then with th^ assemblage 
the first-bom of God, 
said in words of truth :-^ 
^ Sagacious spirits ! 
J you, through my 
might, created,. 
Adam first, 

and that noble woman : 
then they begat, 
through the will of God, 
forty children, 
that thenceforth, 
in mid-earth, 
many might be bom ; 
and many winters 
might have dwelt 
those persons, in the land ; 
till that it afterwards befell. 



:* 



*• 



^*My translation of this line is conjectural. For ban^ we should perhaps read 
benbaf. 
^ Apparently an error for nubban-jeajibe. 



CiKOMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



2!dS 



f he ajTjihtet epo* 

feonb in ppemiin* 

Fdh IT a^pteji. 

ic on neopxna ponje- 

mpe afett:e* 

tjieop mib bel^ni* 

f ^SL tanaf up* [ 224 ] 

sepia bsejion- 

3 jit a^son ^a- 

beophtan bteba* w 

j^a inc fe bdiepa het* 

hanb-J^ejen helie* 

haepbon pop]^on h^tne ^punb* 

]wf jit o|:e}i;ymbon** 

h»lenbep p6pb« 

asten ]Fa e^an« 

paap pe afcola bepopan* 

pe mc bam pcqt^ap« 

balepe jej^ohtap* 

{« me 2epei4> f m!a hanb-je- 

peopc- 

« * * 

capcepnep clom 'fipopabe* 

4)^ * » 

naep "Sa montia jemet* 
ne ms^en enjla* 
ne pi&^eiia peopc- 
ne pepa pnyfcepo- 
^ eop mibte helpan* 
nun'Se h»lenb ^ob* 
pe f pit» i6p. 
to ppece jefetfce. 
pepbe fco polban- . 



thai he again affrighted^ 
in crimes exulting* 
The foe is everyi^here : 
I in paradise 
iiewly set 

m tree with branches^ 
$o that the boughs aloft 
bare apples ; 
and ye ate the 
bright fruits, 

as the baleful one desired you, 
the minister of hell ; 
ye therefore suifered a hot abysa^ 
for that ye recked not 
the Saviour's words ; 
then ye ate fear. 
The wicked one was at hand, 
who inspimi you both with 
baleful thoughts* 
Then it rued me that my handy- 
work 



tt endured the prison's chain* 

Then was no mote of men, 
no angels' might, 
no prophets' work, 
nor human wisdom, 
that could help you; 
naught save the Saviour God, 
who that punishment erst 
had in vengeance set. 
30 / went to earthy 



* Between this line and the following, there is no alliteration. The genuine 
reading may probably be oj:ephy2r>on, for ojreji^ymbon ; the latter word not oc- 
curring elsewhejre throughout the 4)oem. 



296 



CJGDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



)^ujih paemnan hdb- 
UJ3U1 jrjiom 6*816 • 
;] on eoji]7an jeb&b* 
tintjie^an pela*- 
^ teonan micelne* 
me fepebon jmb* 
fecjaf monije* 
baejef ^ nihcej*. 
.Lu heo me bea'Sej* cpea1m< 
jiicef bojian* 
Ljiepian mihten* 
J^a p«f ]>8ef maelef . 
meapc ajan^en- 
f on pojiulbe p«f • 
pmtpa jeplmej'- 
J^ieo ^ }>pitij jeajia. 
i6ji ic );jiopobe- 
jemunbe ic "Saef maenejo- 
3 ]>a mman him lanje^* 
|w&f "Se ic. Of h»}:taim- 
hfcn jelaebbe* 
up to eapbe* 
f heo ajan* 
bjuhtnef bdmaj*- 
^ buju'Se J>pym- 
pimia'S m pynnum- 
habba'S yvlbjissf blseb* 
]^u]*enb maelum* 
ic eop j^mjabe- 
]7a me on beame* 



through womanhood, 

from the reahn aboye, 

and in the world awaited 

torments many, 

and great affliction ; 

took counsel concerning me 

many persons, 

by day and night ; 

how they me death's pang 
10 (the rulers of the state) 

might cause to suffer. 

When of this period was 

the term passed, 

which in the world was 

of winters told 

three and thirty years, 

ere I suffered, 

I was mindful of the many, ' 

and my own led home^ 
ao From the time that I from bondage 

led them home 

up to their country 

(that they may share 

the powers of the Lord 

and the assembly of the good,) 

they dwell in delights, 

have enjoyment of glory, 

by thousands. 

I for you interceded 
30 when on the tree me 



« MS. and Junius, itintjie^an *j jrela treonan ; but both the sense and the 
structure of the verse require the transposition of *!. 

b Of the meaning of this line, as it stands, I can form no conjecture. lan^e 
may|>0Mt% be an error for Iseb^e, and ])a minan may be the Ger. die Meinige A ; 
on which suppositions my translation is founded. In the MS. (a is nearly ob- 
literated, and mman has been altered to minnan by the supersciiption of an n* 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



297 



beopnaf fticebon* 
japum on ^alpun* 
heop fe ^lun^a }>»]!• 
3 ic eft up becom- 
ece bpeamap • 
to hakjum bpihtne- 

X. 

Spi. pulbpep peapb- 
pdpbum pebe* 
meotob mon-cynnep* 
i6p on mopi^en* 
JwBf J?e bpihten job. 
op beaSe ap^p* 
n«p ndn ]?8ep ptponjhc- 
patan jepa&pcnob* 
}'eah he p»pe mib ipne* 
eall ymbpanjen* 
f mihte J^am miclan* 
ms^ne piiShabban* 
ac he tit eobe- 
enjia bpihten* 
on ]78em p»ftenne- 
^ jepsetian het. 

enjlaf eall-beophte* 

mm* 

^ leopan pnjpan* 

pinum 

*] hupu fecjan het- 
pmon petpe* . . 
f he mojte m jahleam- 
job pceapiah* 
6cne ^ tpumne*- 
fpa he 86p bybe* 



soldiers pierced 

with spears on the cross : 

th*ere the youth struck mej 

and I again on high obtained 

eternal joys^ 

with the holy Ltord* 

X. 

Thus the Lord of glory 

said in words^ 

the Creator of mankind^ 
10 early at mom. 

What time the Lord God 

from death arose^ 

so strongly was no 

Satan armed^ 

though he were with iron 

all girt round, 

that might that great 

force resist ; 

for he went forth, - 
90 the Lord of angels, 

in the strong city, 

and bade fetch 

togels all-bright, 

and his beloved disciples ; 

and even bade say 
to Simon Peter, 
that he might in Galilee 
behold God, . 
eternal and firm, 
30 as he ere did. 



* MS. and' Junius, tjuunme. 



29a 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRAaB. 



pVL ic ^on^an zefpega* 
pD^pan aetpomne* 
ealle to ;alileam> 

haejdboa zntey bleb- 

» * * 

hakpie jobef pmiu 
fpa heo jej-ejon. 
hpseji fiinu meotobej** 
pA pn^pan on upp jtK$b< 
6ce bpihten* 
job in jaliteani' 
CO «»r jmjiian }>ib€p. 
ealle iqinou* 
f »p fe eca paej*. 
jieollon on polban* 
3 to ]:6tum hnijon* 
]?anceben }^eobiie« 
^ hit )?ur jelomp* 
^ hi f ceapobon* 
fcyppenb enjla- 
]7a *ona ]*ppsec« 
pmon petpuf • 
eapfc ]>u ]>uf * bpihten* 
bdme jepup'Sab**. 
pe "Se jefapon- 
»t pumum cyppe. 
)?ec jel^bon* 
on M'Sne benb* 
haaj^enne mib honfcum* 
him f jehpeopan msej* 
]7onne heo enbe-jt^p* 
ept jepceapiaS- 
pume hie ne mihton* 
mdbe^ oncnapan* 



Then^ as I have und^srstood, went/ 
the disciples together^ 
all to Galilee 5 [spirit, 

they had the inspiration of the 

the holy Son of God 

whom they saw ; 

where the Lord's Son [stood, 
[225] then over against the dradples 

the Lord eternal, 
10 God m Galilee, 

so tiiat the disciples Hiitiiar 

all ran, 

where the Eternal was, 

fell on eartii, 

and at his feet bowed ; 

thanked the Lord, 

that it thus befell,- 

that they should behdid 

the Creator of angels. 
90 Then forthwith spake, 

Simon Peter : — 

^ Art thou thus. Lord ! 

with power gifted ? 

We saw thee 

at one time, when 

they laid thee 

in loathsome bondage, 

the heathen, witii their hands. 

They that may rue, 
90 when they their end 

shall behold hereafter/ 
Some they could not 

comprehend in mind. 



^ MS. and Junius, ]>ij. ^ MS. and Junius, ^ejruji^a^. '^ MS. and Junius, mob. 



CJBDiiQN'S FARAPiilUSS. 



999^ 



bibimuf p«f h^ten* 
i§p he mib honbum* 
haelenb ;^iioxp* 
jyljzne be fiban- 
}>8ep he hif fpat pojilet. 
peollon tx) jrolbaa* 
pilpihtef b^'Se* 
jaejeji paej- ^ on^m* 
^ jrjieo-bjuhfcen. 

'peoben ujie^ 

he on bean>e $ft;i^* 

^ hif bldb ajeat?. 

;ob on jaljan* 

]?nph hif jajtrep Qis^en* 

}:oji]?on men fceolpn* 

maala ^ehpylce* 

pecjan bjuhtne pax\B» 

bs^bum 'J peopcum- 

)7»f "Se he uf op heptum< 

hdm j0hebbe, 

up to e'Ble. 

yaji pe i^an- 

bjuhtnep bdmap* 



that was the dear ofte, 

he was called Didymus^ 

ere he with his hands 

ifie Saviour touched^ 

bunself on the side^ 

where he his blood gare out. 

Th^ fell to earthy 

in the bath of bqptuinu 

fair was that trial, 
10 that the Lord Grod 

bad suffered, ' * 

our Creator. 

He on the tree ascended, 

and shed his blood, 

Qod on the cross 1 

through his spirit's power. 

Wherefore men should, 

at all times, 

give to the Lord thanks, 
20 in deeds and works, 

for that he us from thraldom 

led home, 

up to heaven, 

where we may shate 

the Lord's greatness. 



^ pe m pynnum punian moton* 

up ip pulbjiep leoht* 

tojiht ontyneb. 

]7am iSe teala J^nceiS :• [ £26 ] 



and we in joys may dwell. 
To us is the light of glory 
brightly disclosed, 
to those who rightly think. 



300 



GiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



Da p8ef on eop'San* 

^e bpihten* 

jieopejiti; baja* 

p>l2ab p)lcum* 

jec^rSeb man-cynnef • 

i6ji he in ]?a nu^pan ^ejxeaft. 

bujih-leoba jijiuma* 

bpmjan polbe* 

halijn^ Z^r^* 

to heojron-pice- 

aftah up on heojponum* 

enjla jxyppenb* 

peopoba palbenb* 

"Sa com polcna jye^' 

halix op heoponum. 

mib p»f honb ^^^F* 

onjren; pjieo-bjiihten- 

^ hme pop's laebbe- 

to ]?am haljan hdm* 

heopna ealboji* 

him ymbplujon* 

enjla ]7jieat:ap- 

]?upenb ms&lum* 

]?a hir ]?up jelomp* 

J?a jyc nepjenbe cpipt- 



Tben was on earth 

the Lord eternal, 

forty days, 

followed by people, 

known of mankind, 

ere he into the great creati6n. 

Source of its inhabitants, 

would bring 

his holy spirit, 
10 to heaven's kingdom. 

Ascended up into heaven 

the Creator of abgels. 

Ruler of hosts : - 

then came a sound from the clouds 

holy from heaven, 

with it was the band of God. 

The Lord received 

and led him forth 

to the holy home, 
ao the Prince of heaven ; 

around him flew 

hosts of angels, 

by thousands. 

Then it thus befell, 

when yet the Saviour Christ, 



f he ]?8ef ymb &ne niht* 
tpelp apopt^lap* 
mib h|^ japfcep jipe. 
jm jpan . jeppiiSbe • 
haepbe )?a jepetce- 
piq>launpim* 
job lipjenbe* 
]^a psep lubap op* .... 

* Of is evidently only the 



30 



that he one night after this, 
twelve apostles 
with his spirit's gift, 
his disciples, iitrengthened.* 
Then had placed in heaven 
souls without number, 
the living God. 
Then was Judas .... 

commencement of a word. 



CJEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



001 



fe^Se rfji on tijrjie'. 

tophtne jefalbe* . 

bpihten h»lenb» 

him feo b8§b ne jej^eah* 

]?»f he bebohte*. 

beapn pealbenbef • 

pn j^ljijief pnc« 

him f rpeapte foj^ealb. 

eajim ae^lasca* 

iimon helle* 

pte'S nd on ]7a fpi'Span honbi 

funu hif jaebejief. 

bible's bojjia jehpaem* 

bjuhten peopoba* 

help *] b»lo* 

h8ele]?a beajmum* 

^eonb mibban-jeajib* 

f if monepim en's* 

f he £na if* 

ealjia jefcejxa. 

pyjihta 3 palbenb. 

J?uph hif pulbjief qiaft. 

pceS him on heojinum* 

hah; encjel* 

palbenb mib picepim* 

haptS pulbjiep beapn- 

hif feolfef felb. 

fpejl-b^healben • 

la'Sa'S uf ]?ibeji to leohte* 

]?nph hif la^cebom* 

{?»p: pe mdcon peolpe* 

pttan mib bjuhtne* 

uppe mib en^lum* 

habban f ilce leoht* 



who ere as a saOrifiCe 

had betrayed the illustrious 

Saviour Lord : 

for him the deed thrived not^ 

that he sold 

the Child of the Almighty^ 

for a heap of silver^ 

to him that darkly, compensated 

the wretched miscreant 
10 inheU. 

Now sitteth on t/ie right hand 

the Son of his Father^ 

dealeth each day 

the Lord of hosts 

help and health 

to the chUdren of men^ 

over mid-earth, " . 
That is known to many 

that he alone is 
90 of all creatures 

Creator and Ruler^ 

through his glory's might. 

He sitteth with them in heaven, 

a holy angel, 

the Powerful with prophets ; 

the Child of glory hath 

his own throne, 

heaven-sustained ; 
. he inviteth us thither to light, 
30 through his healing power, 

where we ourselves may 

sit with Me Lord, 

.above, with angels, 

have the same light ^ 



■ The word rij:]ie not occurring elsewhere, it may be presumed that tibjie is 
tl^e true reading. 



382 



cmmcif^ txRAvmik^a. 



puna's in pynnum* 
I'a&p. If pidbjiisf U^* 

tojiht ontyneb* 

* * # 

nton hjfc^BXk p pe h»lenbe< 

cjufte q^eman* 
]>ae]i ij' cu'Sjie Kp. 
)K)nne pe on* eop^ati* 
msejen s^ppe jeptpeonan* 



10 



XL 

J^apaiS nd ^ej^injob to up* 

}^eoben ms6pa* 

wlmihtij job. » . [227] 



where his flock ikfW 
holy dwelleth^ 
continueth in del^iti^^ 
where is the fraition' of gtory 
bright disclosed. 

Let us strive that We MeSavioui- 

zealously obey^ 

to Christ give pleasuiP^^ 

there is a life more gibridus 

than we on eartii 

ever may obtain. 

XL 

Now hath interceded for u$ 
the Lord supreme, 
almighty God, 



on b^Sm-baeje- 

bpihten peolpa* 

hateiS heh-enjlap* 

hlubbpe pt;epne* 

beman blapan* 

opep bupja jepeotu*'- 

jeonb polban pceatap* 

Jionne op yifje molban* 

men onpecnialS* 

beabe op bupte* 

aplpa^ ]niph bpihtmep miht< 



on doomsday, 
the Lord himself. 
7%e archangels shall call 
with loud voice, 
blow the trumpets 
» over the cities' dwellings, 
throughout earth's r^ons : 
then from this mould 
men shall awaken, 
the dead from dxait^ 
shall rise, through power of God. 



* Here a leaf has certainly been cut ont of the MS. 

^ This word does not seem to occur elsewhere ; — ^my translation is conjecturali 



CJSDMON^S PARAPHRASE. 



^OB 



*] bmuna^ m»jt;* 

liltib jehyjieb* 

J^onne bselenb Gibe's* 

palbenb nub polcnum«^ 

m ]7af populb ysaji&S* 

pile ]H>nne ^epceiqiian^* 

plici^e ^ unclaene* 

on tpa healjie* 

fcile ■] yple* lo 

hun )^a pdSpBftan* 

on }^a rpi«jian honb. 

mib jiobejia peapb* 

[leffce jeffcija'S. 

Jionne beoS bh'Se* 

}>a }>e^ m bujih m<$t:on* 

jonjan m xobep plce^ 

* « ♦ 

T heo jefena"?^ 

mib hif fpiiSpan honb- 

cynmc; alpihta* » 

deopaiS opep ^alle* 

je pnb pilcumap* 

ja^S m pulbpep leoht. 

to heoponfr pice* 

]78ep je habbaiS* 

i to albjie* 

6ce pepte. 

]7onne ptonbaiS J^a poppophtan* 

]7a "Se ppnebon* 

beo'S beopjenbe* ao 

hponne hun beapn ^obep • 



».. K^ 



That with of days be longest^, 

and of thunders. ^atesti 

heard aloud ; 

when the Saviour oometh, 

the Powerful on clouds 

into this world shall ride;. - . ; 

then wiirAe separaite. - 

the fair and the f6ul, ' "^^ 

on two sides^ ' * 

the good and the evil t , > 

wifii him /Ae*upright 

on the right hand^ - 

with the Guardian of the skies^/ 

shall rise to rest r 

then will be blithe 

they who into the city may . . 

go, into God's kingdom^ 

» 

and them shall bless 
with his right hand 
the King of all creatuf«s, 
shall cry out among all : — 
^ Ye are welcome 5 
go into glory's light, 
to the heavens' kingdom, 
there ye shall have, 
from henceforth ever, 
eternal rest,' 

Then shall stand the condemned^ 
they who sinned, 
they shall be trembling, 
when them the Child dl God 



* Manifestly an error for binna. 
^ Probably an error for ^ej-ceaban, divide, separate. 

<: >e is iiuerted in the MS. by an ancient hand ; and being necessary both to 
the sense and verse> I have not hesitated to admit it into the text. - 



804 



CADMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



b^Doan pille* 
J^ujih hif b«6ba j-peb. 
p6naS f heo mdten^ 
to }^»]i9 iii£§jian byjuj* 
up to enj^lum* 
fpa oiijie bybon* 

ac hun fax's ]ieojibienbe*« 

« # » 

£ce bjiihten- 

ojrep ealle jecpy*S« 

aftf^aiS n6 apyjijbe- 

in f pite-h6f • 

dpeftum miclum* 

nu ic e6f ne con* 

fona ddfteji J^aem p<5pbum 

helle h»jt;ar- 
hpyjiptum pcjuJ^a'S. 

J^upenb mseliim* 

^ }?ibep l«ba'8*« 

m f pcea'Sena rqi»p« 

pcupa'S to jjitinbe* 

in f neappe HI'S. 

^ no peo'S'San- 

^ hie up }H>nani . 

s6j:]\e mdton* 

ah ]^»p 2e]H)han pceplon* 

eajimhc pite- . . 

clom ■] capcepn. 

■] }?one calban jptinb* 

beopne abpeojan* 

■] beoplep ppellunje. 

hu hie hun on 6bpit* 

opt aj'etta'S. 



will judge, 

through virtue of his deeds : 

they may hope thcU they may go 

to the grand city^ 

up to the angels, 

as the others did ; 

but to them shall speak 

the Lord eternal^ . 

among all shall say :— r 
10 ^ Descend now, ye accursed, 

into the house of torment 

with utmost speed ; 

now I know you not.' 

Straight after those words, 

the sprites accursed, 

the thralls of hell, 

shall wander round 

by thousands, 

and them shall thither lead, 
an into that pit of the wicked, 

shall thrust them into the abyss^. 

into that narrow punishment, 

and not after 

that they up from thence 

ever may come/ . 

but there shall suffer , 

miserable torment, 

bonds a&d the prison-house, 

and the abyss cold 
30 and deep endure, 

and the devil's converse : 

haw they themselves 

oft reproach, 



» The words jiobepa j^albenb seem wanting after this line.. 
^ MS» and Junius, heXaff. 



CiEDMON*S PARAPHRASE. 



305 



fpajite j'Ufl-bonan. 
ffcaalcB jraeh'Se. 
^ m pjine. • • • • 
]?aep "Se hie bjiihten* 
ecne anpalban* 
opt poji;ea&OQ« 
];one hie him co hihte* 
faabban fceolbon* 
uton la ^ej^ncan- 
jeonb ]>af pojiulbe« 
^ pe hselenbe* 
hejian onjinnen* 
jeojine ]7ujih jobei* jipe- 
jemunan jaft:ef bleb* 
hu eabi^e ]?ae]i* 
uppe pcfca'S. 
felpe mib fpejel-tojiht*- 
funu haelenbef . 
|?aBji If jeat jylben. 
pmmuin jejijifefcepob. 
pynnum bepunben* 
J?8Bm )?€ in pulbjiep leoht^ 
^on^an moten* 
to jobep jiice. 
3 ymb J?a peallaf • 
plitije fcina'S. 
enjla jafcap' 
3 eabije papla- 



heWs swart Jiends^ 

vengeance steals in, 

and in crime . « « . ^ 

where they the Lord, 

the eternal Ruler, 

oft forgot, 

whom they for their hope 

should have. 
O let us resolve, 
10 throughout this world, 

that we the Saviour 

seek to obey ; 

fervently, through God*s grace, 

remember the inspiration of thR 

how the blessed there [spirit, 

sit on high, 

even with the heaven-bright 

Son of God. 

There the gate is gplden, 
20 fretted with gems, 

with joys encircled, [glory 

for those who into the light of 

may go, 

to God's kingdom ; 

and, round the walls, 

appear beauteous 

angel-spirits, 

and blessed souls. 



}?a "Se heonon papa's. 
}>8Bp maptijiap* 
meotobe cpemaiS- 
3 heju^a^S heh-p»bep< 
halpim j-fcepnum. 



[228] 



30 



those who from hence depart ; 
where martyrs 
give delight to the Creator, 
and praise the supreme Father, 
with holy voices. 



« MS. rpesle tojiht ; Junius, jeljre mi^ rpejle . rojiht j-unu, &c. 

X 



306 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



cyniiij in cejtjie. 
cpe^scS ealle ]?uf . 
^M eajit hsaleiSa helm 
^ heojren-bema^* 
enjla ojib-ppuma* 

;] eoji^an tuboji* 

* # » 

« * « 



Me King in his city : 

Thus say thet/ all : — 

' Thou art Protector of men^ 

and Judge of heaven^ 

Origin of angels 

and of earth's progeny' 



CO ]^i)*pim eabijan hdtn* 
jya pulbjief peajib- 
pojibum hejujaiS- 
j^ejnaj- ymb ]?eoben. 
J?aeji ij' J^jiym micel* 
pan J aec pelbe- 
ip pylp cynmj. 
ealjia alboji- 
m "Saejie ^can jepcept. 
f ip pe bjiihten. 
pe^e bea'S poyx tip- 
jej^jiopobe. 
]7eoben enjla- 
ppylce he paejte- 
peopejitij baja. 
metob man-cynnep* 
]^ujih hi]- mdbpa ppeb- 
fa jepeajiiS ]?one pepejan 
J7e s&ji apojipen paep. 
op heoponum. 
^ he ui helle jebedp. 
]7a coptobe. 
cynmj alpihta* 
bpohfce hun to beapme* 
bpibe ptinap. 



to this happy home. 

Thus the Guardian of glory 

they praise with words, 
10 the ministers around their Lord. 

There is a great assembly^ 

song before the throne, 

he himself is King, 

Chief of all 

in the eternal creation. 

That is the Lord, 

who for us death 

endured, 

the Lord of angels. 
20 Moreover he fasted 

forty days, 

the Lord of mankind, 

in virtue of his mercies. 

Then it befell that the Accursed 

(who had erst been cast 

from heaven, 

so that into hell he dived,) 

then tempted 

the King of all creatures, 
30 brought in his bosom to him 

broad stones. 



* MS. and Junius, b^man. 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



307 



baeb him jzoji hunjpe 
hMjzaf pyjican. 
jip |?u jT^a micle. 
mihfce hsebbe* 
"pa, him anbj77ajiobe« 
ece bjiihcen- 
penbeft: J^u apJTijba* 
f apjufcen na^pe*. 



bade him for hunger 

make them into loaves : — 

'-If thou so great 

might have/ 

Then him answered 

the Lord eternal : — 

* Thoughtest thou, Accursed \ 

that it was not written 



^ 



*^ 



# 



nymj?e me a§nne* 

ac jepefceb hapajr* 

pjopep djenb. 

hpjenbum hhfc. 

lean butan enbe* 

on heo}:en-jiice« 

hahje bjieamap . 

]7a he m^ib honbum jenom 

atol J^ujih ebpit. 

^ on eple ahdp* 

hejim-bealopej' japfc* 

3 on beojih aptah* 

apetce on btine. 

bpihten hselenb* 

loca nu pul plbe* 

opeyx lonb-buenbe* 

ic J?e jepelle. 

J?inej' peopepbum^' 



10 



20 



save me alone ; 
but thou hast set 
Lord of triumphs ! 
a light to the living, 
a reward without end, 
in heaven's kingdom, 
holy joys.' 

Then with hands he took him^ 
the fiend in his wickedness, 
and on his shoulder raised Aim, 
the noxious spirit, 
and on a mount ascended, 
placed him on the down, 
the Saviour Lord : — 
* Look now full wide, 
over the land's inhabitants : 
I will give thee, 
into thy power ^ 



A Here is manifestly a great hiatus in the sense. 

^ I am at a loss as to the sense of lines 22-26. Lye, or rather Manning, 
thinks that for Jinej jeofejitoum, we ought to read Jlnej j-eoljrej b6m, " in tui 
ipsius potestatem/' — a conjecture which, even if correct, would contribute little 
to the interpretation of the passage. 

5c2 



308 



C^DMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



j:olc *] polban. 

jioh hibep Co me- 

bujih ^ bjieotone* 

bolb to ^epealbe* 

pobo]\a jiicef . 

jip pu yeo piht cyninj. 

enjia ^ monna* 

fpa "Su 8&JI mynfcejt:. 

]?a him anbj'pajiobe* 

ece bjuhten- 

jepifc Jni apyjijba. 

in f pifce-j'cpsep. 

pacanup peolp . 

^e ij' pupl peotob- 

jeipo cojejnep . 

nallep jobep pice. 

Bh ic'pe hate« 

]niph ]7a hehp&an miht- 

f ^u hell-papum. 

hyht ne abeobe* 

ah ]?u him pecjan miht. 

popja m«pte- 

^ "Bu jemettep- 

meotob a]pihta- 

cymn; mon-cynnep. 

ceji "Se on baechnj. 

pite }?u eic apypjba. 

hu pib T pib*. 

hel-heoiSo bpeojiij. 

^ mib honbum amet* 

jjiip ftS }?«p jjitinbep. 

janj J?onne ppa- 

0*8 f J?u J?9ne ymbhpyppt« 

aine cunue* 



folk and earthy 



of heaven's kingdom^ 
if thou be true King 
of angels and oiF men, 
as thou erst declaredst/ 
Then him answered 

10 the Lord eternal : — 
' Depart thou. Accursed ! 
into the pit of torment, 
(Satan himself art thouy) 
to thee is pain decreed, 
ready before thee^ 
not God's kingdom : 
but I command thee, 
through the highest Power, 
that to hell's inmates thou 

20 announce not hope, 

but thou to them mayest say 
the greatest woes, — 
that thou hast met 
the Lord of all things. 
King of mankind. 
Turn thee behind me : 
know thou also. Accursed ! 
how wide and long is 
hell's drear profound, 

30 and measure with thy hands, 
lay hold on the abyss : 
go then so, 

till that thou the orbit 
knowest all ; 



JY or jeo seems here to be wanting. 



CiEDMON'S PARAPHRASE. 



309 



J 8&jiej'fc amet* 

ujzan fco jjidnbe- 

T hu fib*. 

ye fpapta eijm j-eo- 

pdj-fc pn J?onne J?e jeopnoji. 

^ J?u pi^ job punne* 

j^eoSiSan ]^u J^onne bapajt;- 

hanbuni ametene- 

hu heh ^ beop. 

hell mnepeajib j'eo« 

jpim jjuep-hfij-. 

jonj jiicene.to*^ 

* * * 



10 



and first measure 

from above to its ground^ 

and how wide 

the black vapour is. 

Then wilt thou the better know, 

that thou with God strivest ; 

then^ after thou hast 

with thy hands measured 

how high and deep 

hell is within^ 

the grim grave-house, 

go forthwith to 



^P ^ reonbon* 

tiba ajonjene- 

f "Su mepceb htif . 

ameten haebbe- 

•Sa |?am pepijan peap'S- [229] 

ppacu jefcenje- 

)*atan feolua pan* 

•] on piple jepeol* ao 

eapm s&jlaece* 

hpllum nub jiolmum meet- 

pean "] pifcu- 

hpilum fe ponna lej. 

la&hte pi"8 j^ep la)^an« 

hpilum he licjan jepeah« 

hsejztap m hylle. 

hpilum hpedm aptah* 

iSonne hie on J^one atolan* 



ere shall two 

hours have passed, 

that thou the destined house 

hast measured.' 

Then to the Accursed was 
exile heavy ; 
Satan himself ran, 
and into torment fell. 
Tfie wretched fiend 
now measured with his hands 
his woe and punishment : 
now the lurid flame 
seized on the loathed one ; 
now he saw lying 
the captives in hell ; 
now a cry arose, 
when they on that horrid one 



* Here the words ^ pife have probably been omitted. 
^ Here is evidently a considerable hiatus in the MS. 



3)0 



c^dmon's paraphrase. 



eajum je]*apun* 

haepbon jepunnon. 

jobej- £nb]*acan* 

blac bealopej- jayt:. 

yvi, he on botme jt6b. 

}?a him f'uhte* 

^ }?anon ps&jie- 

to helle bujiu- 

hunb ]7Ufenba mfla* 

jemeajicobef. 

fpa hine ye mihtija het* 

f J?ujih fynne cjiaepfc. 

puple am»te* 

"Sa he jemunbe* 

J?a he on jji6nbe ptdb. 

locabe leap pihc. 

jeonb f IdcSe pcjiaep- 

atol mib ej^um* 

oh f ejpan Jjiyjie- 

beofla msenejQ. 

« * # 

l^onne up-apcaj. 

# # * 

pdjibum inpifcum* 

onjunnon J?a pepijan japtap* 

peopbian ^ cpeiSan. 



looked with eyes. 

ITiey had obtained 

the apostate from God, 

the pale spirit of evil. 

When he on the bottom stood^ 

then seemed to him, 

that it were from thence 

to hell-door 

a hmidred thousand miles 

10 of measured space, 

as him the Mighty bade, — 

that through art of sin 

he should his torment measure. 

Then he reflected, 

as in the abyss he stood ; 

the false wight looked 

through the loathsome den, 

with eyes terrific, 

till that horrid dread, 

20 the multitude of devils, 

then rose up, 

with guileful words, 
began the cursed spirits 
to discourse and say : — 



la J?up beo nti on ypele* 
nolbaep aep fceala- 

FiNiT LiBBR II. Amen. 



* Lo ! thus be now in evil. 
Good erst thou wouldest not/ 



• MS. and Junius, onjunnon fa on fa jejiijan ^ajtaj- ; the syllables on fa 
being evidently repeated erroneously. 



311 



THE SONG OF AZARIAH. 



From the Exeter MS., p. 53 a. (See Caedmon, p. 233, 1. 23.) 



y^iM l^a azajuaj*- 
inje)H)ncuin. 
hleo]>pebe hali;* 
J'uphhatne li;- 
bjieaj baebum jeopn. 
bjiyhfcen hejiebe. 
pif in peopcum* 
T J?ap popb acpBS^' 
meotub allpihta- 
^M eapt meahtmn ppi^. 
mp^Y CO nepjanne- 
If }?m noma msepe* 
plifcij ^ pulboppaepfc. 
opep pep-J?eobe- 
finbon pme bomap • 
on baeba jehpam- 
po'Se jejTJi'Sbe* 
"D S^PSepaerfce. 
eac ]>inne pillan- 
m populb-ppebum- 
pyhte mib paebe. 
pobepa palbenb. 
jeoca up jeopne. 
jKpfca pcyppenb. 
T J?uph hylbo help, 
hall J bpyhfcen. 
nu pe J?ec pop j^eappum 



"D F^P ]?pea-nybum*. 

•J pope eaiSmebum. 

apena bibbaj?* 

leje bilejbe. 

pe J78ep lipjenbe* 

pophton m populbe* 

eac }?on pom bybon- 

ylbpan ujre. 

m opephyjbum. 

]fm bibobu bpaecon* 

bupj-pittenbe. 

hab opephojebon. 

haljan lipep- 

pupbon pe toppecene- 

jeonb pibne jpunb. 

heapum t;ohpo]ipne- 

hylba leape. 

paep upe lip jeonb. 

lonba pela* 

ppacuiS 3 seppaeje- 

polb-buenbum. 

nu )ni upc beppaece. 

in J?a]' pyppeffcan* 

eopiS-cynmjep. 

aeht-jepealba. 

m haspt: heopo jpimmej-. 

pceolon pe J^a&p haej^enpa* 



* In Csedmon, t^eo-nybum, apparently an error for iJeoj-nybum, as at p. 235, 
line 18. 



312 



THE SONG OF AZARIAH. 



J>jiea-nyb* 

« « « 



haejzber- 

to abpahame* 

^ fco iface. 

•] lacobe- 

jasffca fcyppenb- 

fu him jehete. 

)mph hleoJ?op-cpibaj*- 

|«et J?u hyjia ):pom-cynii< 

on pypn-bajum- 

yean polbe- 

^»t hit sepceji him- 

on cyne pyce. 

cenneb pupbe. 

yceb on eop|?an- 

f «t fpa raipime- 

hab to hebban- 

jysL heopon-pteoppan* 

bujaiS bpabne.hpeappt* 

o^ bpim-jilobap* 

J7?a papo]?a ponb. 

ymb fealt paetep- 

ype jeonb eap jpunb' . 

}?aBt rpa unpime- 

ymb pmtpa hpeapjA:* 

peop'San pceolbe- 

pyl nn |?a ppum-j-ppaece- 

)?eah \>e uyeji pea lipjen- 

phteja ]?me popb-cpibap • 

} "Sm pulbop u]'. 

jecy*? cpaept j meaht- 



nu fee ealbeaj'* 
;) eae pela polea* 
jeppejen habban^* 
^ddt ]>u £na eapt- 
eee bpyhten- 
pje-pop pettenb* 
7 fo^ meotob. 
pulbpep palbenb- 
^ populb-poeapta* 
fpa pe haija pep* 
hepjenbe psep- 
meotubep miltpe* 
7 hip mob-j-epan* 
pehte Jniph peopbe* 
i$a op pobepum peap^- 
enjel selbeophta* 
upon onpenbeb. 
phte pcyne pep* 
m hip pulbop-homan* 
cpom him ]?a to ape- 
"5 to ealbop-nepe- 
}ruph lupan *j fuph hppe. 
pe J^one hj tofceapr 
hahj "J heopon-beopht- 
hatan pypef • 
^rebittpabpyne. 
beop2;an pceolbe* 
pop |)aep enjlep eje- 
aepaeptum |?pim« 
tofpeop ;j toj^enjbe- 
|?uph fpi^ef meaht* 
Iijef leoman- 
ppa hypa liee ne pcob- 



» Here is an hiatus in the Exeter MS. ; the lines omitted corresponding to 
Caedmon, p. 235, lines 19-29. 
^ So in MS., for habbatJ. 



THE SONG OF AZARIAH. 



313 



ac pa&f in )?am hopie- 
pa ye enjel cpom* 
pinbij ^ pynfum. 
pebejie onhcupfc. 
}^onne on pumejiep tib< 
penbeb peojiJ^eiS. 
bjiopena bpeopunj- 
mib baejep hpile. 
pe p»p ui paxa ppe- 
poji ppean meahtutn* 
halpim to heipe* 
peapIS pe hata k;i(- 



fcobjiipen "3 tobpaepceb. 
J?aeji }?a beeb-hpatan- 
|?p[y mib jeJ?oncum- 
]7eoben hepebon- 
baebon bletpunje- 
beajm in pojiulbe* 
ealle jepceapce- 
ecne bjiyhten* 
)?eoba palbenb« 
ppa hi J^py cpe&bon. 
mobum hopj'ce. 
]7uph ^emaene popb* 



jsjijaii 



CORRIGENDA. 

Page 21, line 4. jpoji m&n-jiVe. This reading, although affording a plausible 

interpretation, is inadmissible ; j: being the riming letter, 
and consequently requiring the accent on its syllable, 
which, as the text now stands, falls erroneously on mdn. 
Read therefore jrojiman jitJe, fw the first time, 

-— — 233, — 24. For m jej^ancum, in his thoughts, read (as both the sense 

and alliteration require,) m2e]'ancum,mtft((/itf% (fervently). 
The Germans have a similar adverbial expression^ einge- 
denk. 

— , lines 26, 27. Here, I suspect, we ought to read, >ujihhatne I13 . 

bpeax ^se^a jeo/in, making j^ujihhatne (thorough-hot, per- 
fervidus,) a compound word, and the regimen to t>jiea3, 
which, though wanting in the MS. of Caedmon, appears in 
the £xeter paraphrase. — ^The translation will then be, the 
intensely hot flame endured, zealous in deeds. 

— -» 234, line 19. For j^jiea-nybum, restore the reading of the MS., or rather 

correct it to Jeop-nybum. 

-^— 301. Dele notam. When writing this note, I was not aware that t;ij:eji 

for t;ibeji occurs also in the Legend of Juliana, Cod. Exon. 
p. 69, a. 



read J^am. 

— utran. 

— jji-befe. 



30 

— juhtrjiixan. 



P. 60, 1. 28, for pam . . 
80, 1, — ucan • . 

108, 14, — pi beb 

120, 30, — ^ . . . 

124, 31, — juhtriSJian 

125, 6,(fcfe30. 

161, 4, for pynnejt • • . — pyjinext. 

206, 1, — pjieo beajin-jzsebeji — jrjieo-beajin-jrsebeji. 

208, 6, — pe — je. 

239, 31, jrolcen-pajiu . . — polcen-j:ajia. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



A. 

A. 287,4; 289,16. 
abseli^an, 276, 27. 
abal, 32, 9. 
aban, 242, 32. 
abealli, 290, 4. 
abeoban, 161, 9; 308, 20. 
abibban, 161,5. 
abol^en, 28, 4. 
abpecan, 259, 10, 32. 
abpe^ban, 159, 22; 176, 

19; 177,17. 
abpeotan, 190, 14. 
abpocen,180,2; 219,32. 
abpoben, 194,31. 
abpu^bon, 150, 4. 
ac, 88, 3. 

aceoppan, 251, 23. 
aceppan, 278, 6. 
acl, 215, 4. 

acol, 117,18; 223,24. 
acfian, 148, 8. 
acul, 261, 14. 
acp»t5, 20, 6. 
ab, 173,3; 175,25; 176, 

20; 177,14. 
aba&lan, 10, 2. 
ab-jryp, 203,4. 
abpenceb, 206, 28. 
abpeotan, 304, 30. 
abpifan, 275,19; 277,9. 
abpincan, 182, 18. 



abp»fcan, 283, 17. 
K'CjiBdjt, 217, 7. 
»-cp8&):ti^, 262, 10. 
8&bep, 83, 3. 
8&bpe, 175,32. 
8&j:eii, 184, 16. 
8&j:en-leot$,188,8; 190,18. 
8&j:en-]*cima, 147,31. 
a&pen-tib, 146, 19. 
fi&feft, 233, 7. 
ajdaft, 207, 27. 
ajTt, 3, 1 ; 60, 15. 
a&pep, 15, 4 ; 64, 22 ; 

186,1; 191,9; 202, 

30; 210,4. 
8&Fteplean, 5, 24. 
a&Fyn, 20, 22. 
K^hpa&t^ep, 183, 21. 
aejlaca, 269,14 ; 274,28. 
8&puan, 194,23. 
a&hta-^epealb, 235, 15. 
8&hte-^epealb, 263, 5 • 
s&lbeopht, 237, 13. 
»leb, 175,26; 231,6. 
»let, 232, 3. 
»1f, 181, 24. 
a&lp-rcieno, 109, 23 ; 165, 

11. 
8&lspen, 105,10; 107,11. 
8&n^, 23, 9. 
»p-b»j, 153, 23; 155, 

19; 190,12. 
aepen, 191,18; 248,28. 



spenb, 32, 3. 
Kpenb-boc, 261, 32. 
»penbe, 161,7; 174,22; 

210, 20. 
e&penb-^aft, 138, 23. 
8&penbian, 41, 31. 
»p6nbpa, 147,4. 
apenb-j-ecg, 41, 17. 
a&p-jertpeon, 129, 22. 
»rc-bepenb, 123, 7. 
B&j-c-tip, 124, 27» 
a&fc-ppa&c, 130,2. 
»t,82, 12; 188,9; 247, 

32. 
s&tbepan, 249, 31. 
a&cpeohtaii, 127, 25. 
8&tlian, 181, 25. 
setmman, 204, 5. 
B&tfifc, 73, 21. 
s&pifc-mob, 55, 18. 
»^aii, 77, 24. 
K«el,4,34; 64,22) 167, 

27. 
ae^eling, 65,1; 70,31. 
8&)>elo, 83,34; 199, 15. 
»t$ela, 103, 11. 
afs&peb, 206, 3. 
a}:»rtman,183,2; 218,17. 
ajrapan, 216, 14. 
apebeb, 99, 5 ; 102, 29. 
apepa, 258, 7. 
apppan, 269, 3 ; 282, 9- 
ajryppan, 24, 17. 



316 



VERBAL INDEX. 



a^an, 3, 11; 164, 34; 

166, 14. 
a^eat, 210, 12. 
ajenb, 196,21. 
ajenb-fpea, 135, 4, 
a^lac, 230, 25. 
a^laeca, 293, 1. 
ahebban, 19, 20. 
ahepan, 283, 27. 
ahic^an, 224, 3, 36. 
ahleop, 193, 25. 
ahloh, 143, 16. 
ahoj:, 17, 21; 175, 30; 

177, 14. 
ahpeb, 122, 26. 
ah}iebban, 127, 19 ; 129, 

16. 
ahpebeb, 125, 27. 
ahubaii, 121, 8. 
ahpeop}»D,2,26; 255,26. 
ahpet, 26, 13. 
vihjfbva, 184, 30. 
a1»ten, 232, 20. 
alb, 209, 5. 
albop,26,6; 27,33; 158, 

29; 160, 1,27; 204, 

24; 232,13; 283,31. 
albop-bana, 63, 17. 
albop-bema, 70,21; 149, 

28. 
albop-bu^etSe, 125, 19. 
albop-Fpea, 218, 29. 
albop-^ebal, 65, 25. 
albop-nepe, 151,22; 152, 

13. 
dlboji-yifVL, 75, 9. 
albop-0«^, 268, 36. 
alec^ean,. 162, 21. 
alepan, 281, 27. 
aleot^obe, 11, 18. 
aleren, 189,11; 192,7. 
allin, 202, 22. 



alh-ftebe, 259, 1 1 . 
alpalba, 178, 13; 277,23, 
al-pihca, 204, 17. 
alypeb, 180, 12; 212,1. 
alynnoQ, 123, 19. 
ambyhco, 33, 10. 
amb^^ht-fec^, 36, 35. 
amyppan, 24, 16. 
anbib, 212, 2. 
anba, 237,28; 260,24. 
an-b«x, .197, 9. 
anban, 25, 24. 
aabpenj, 279, 28. 
anb^et-tacen, 93, 3. 
anbbpne, 57, 25. 
anbpsebaQ, 194, 25. 
anbj-aca, 21,6; 28, 27; 

178,21; 209,21. 
anbpeopc, 11,16; 164, 25. 
anbpbta, 81, 21. 
anbpbtan, 288, IQ. 
aii]x>plsDtaii, 36,18; 43, 

20; 217,8. 
an^an, 203, 13. 
an^, 36, 27. 
anhjrbi^, 254, 1. 
anle&ban, 190, 5. 
anlaetan, 40, 24. 
anlicnef, 154, 33. 
anmebla, 262, 22; 269, 

16. 
anmob, 190, 23 ; 229, 29. 
anon, 197, 26. 
anpat5, 181,8. 
anpen, 76, 22. 
anpaban, 217,3. 
anploh, 252, 27. 
ap, . 146, 18 ; 148, 14 ; 

176,11; 250,23. 
apa&ban, 261, 30 ; 262, 8. 
apa&man, 174,10; 203, 29. 
apcpaepti^, 250, 23. 



ape, 58, 29; 62,31; 91, 

8; 114,4; 130,22; 

147,6; 148,20; 193, 

12; 234,21; 244,27; 

277, 24. 
apeapan, 196, 12. 
apeccan, 224, 9 ; 250, 5 ; 

262, 8. 
apaeleb, 207, 21. 
afceaben, 275, 25. , 

apceop, 201, 32. 
afealcan, 130, 30. 
arec2an,225,19; 286,12. 
aflupan, 169, 7. 
ajppun^en, 6, 4. 
ajrijan, 184,15; 197,6. 
aftpienan, 59, 19. 
afpamat5, 24, 12. 
afpepan, 199,9. 
ateon, 11, 19; 12, 8; 

256, 34. 
atol, 188, 8; 190, 18; 

206, 21 ; 268, 7, 26 ; 

269, 15; 270, 26; 271, 

20; 272,33; 273,16; 

274, 28. 
attep, 267, 18; 269,26: 

272,34; 274,32; 284,8. 
aupnen, 98, 6, 
apa, 204,24; 283,31. 
apacian, 229, 20. 
apeahte, 11, 12. 
apenban, 17, 13. 
apiht, 19, 13. 
apinnan, 257, 8. 
apoppen, 27, 20. 
apuht, 32, 1. 
apjTijeb, 284, 3. 
axan, 154, 9. 
a«, 205, 5. 
a)>encan, 26, 2. 
at5-rpap, 213, 26. 



V£RBAL INDEX* 



317 



B. 

Bsec, 274, 23. 
baeclms, 308, 26. 
b»l, 175,30; 242,4. 
b8&l-bl^,203,9; 230,12. 
b»lc, 4, 15 ; 182, 9. 
bal-jiyji, 173, 4. 
bs&pnan, 231, 5. 
•b«t?an, 173,25. 
b3&«, 299, 8. 
ba&«-pe5, 196,11, 
balb, 193, 27. 
balbe, 228, 11. 
balbop, 163,4. 
ban, 12, 9; 243, 13; 

294, 9. 
bana, 180, 3. 
ban^liuf, 211, 9. 
bapeman, 207, 22. 
bapiebon, 146, 4. 
bapi, 261, 10. 

be, 193, 8. 

beacen, 101,11; 167,19; 
191,24; 198,10; 199, 
28 ; 227, 23. 

beabo-feapo, 214, 21. 

beabu-me&^en, 198, 28. 

beah, 116,2; 213,22. 

bealo-jTpell, 210, 5. 

bealu,61,9; 178,1; 192, 
27. 

beam, 183,20; 184,22; 
185,11; 193, 19; 214, 
10. 

beapb, 158, 29. 

beaphtm, 145, 16 ; 181, 
23. 

beapm, 201, 20; 286,24. 

beapn, 273, 29 ; 274,12. 

beapo, 172,7; 247,21. 

beapu, 55, 30 ; 154, 8. 



bebeoban, 173, 9. 
bebob, 221, 2. 
bebohte, 301,5. 
beba&lan, 269,4; 272,19; 

276,9; 282,^; 285, 

27. 
bebb.pejt», 135,26; 164, 

16. 
bebpipan, 276, 22. 
bebpopen, 33, 31; 51, 8; 

120,22; 126,20, 
bebypneb, 17, 18. 
bejieatknan, 204, 32. 
bejrapen, 209, 10. 
bepealbeft, 62, 6. 
bepeallen, 21, 26. 
bepenj, 204, 7. 
bepeope, 222, 8. 
bepden, 251, 7. 
bepJrUeb, 23, 17; 128,10. 
be^an, 288, 15. 
be^etan, 255, 3. 
be^pmban, 91, 33. 
bejpopen, 268, 9. 
be^popman, 16, 14. 
beha&pbon, 148, 9. 
behealban, 190, 27. 
bebeopian, 160,2; 163,21. 
behopan, 277, 25. 
behpylpan, 204, 28. 
beleac, 14, 25; 58, 12; 

206, 24. 
bele^eb, 234, 22. 
belic^an, 15, 13. 
beU, 185, 12. 
belocen,180,ll; 259,24. 
belopen, 6,9. 
bemeapn, 139, 14. 
ben, 12,6; 118, 29; 152, 

26; 191,18; 192,27; 

243, 12. 
bena, 135, 26 ; 142, 6. 



ben»maii,129, 32; 2S6, 2. 
benb, 268,2; 290, 12. 
benemeb, 272, 18. 
beneotan, 63, 32. 
benumen, 23, 20. 
beoban, 188, 11. 
beob-jepeopb, 91, 27. 
beopian, 303, 30. 
beopan, 277, 17. 
beopb, 186, 1; 191,9. 
beoph-hleo^, 130, 13. 
beoph-bli«u, 206, 7. 
beopn, 146, 23; 201,21; 

214,2; 230, 13. 
beop-fele, 214, 2. 
beoc,5, 11; 23^,24,25. 
bepan, 224, 27. 
bepeapan, 219, 23. 
bepeapob, 180, 15. 
bepenebon, 187, 6. 
bepbtm-bp»t, 240, 3. 
bepopan, 125, 13. 
bepopen, 179, 30. 
bepftan, 208, 15. 
bepcjTuan, 4, 84 ; 25, 12; 

285, 26. 
bepealb, 3, 27. 
bepeon, 257, 4. 
bepla&^en, 121, 15. 
bepla^an, 4, 17. 
bepmitan, 162, 14. 
bepn»ban,^48,16; 250, 

34. 
beptemeb, ^06, 8. 
beptpubon, 125, 14. 
beppe&leb, 243, 18. 
beppican, 217,28. 
ber]^ipan, 162, 13. 
betan, 39, 13; 165, 15; 

185, 32. 
bepanb, 140, 34. 
be)>api^«n, 35, 31. 



318 



VERBAL INDEX. 



bepinban, 133^, 18. 
b^phtan, 177, 6. 
bepoppen, 25, 13. 
beppecan, 235, 12. 
beppi^en, 10,14; 218,24. 
be)>ealit, 5, 23 ; 181,13. 
bi, 30,1. 

bi^ftanban, 18,36. 
bilepit, 279, 23. 
bib^e, 232, 7. 
biU, 190, 14 ; 260, 14. 
bill-n«i«e, 198, 27. 
blac, 184, 23; 185. 11; 

191,10; 231,13. 
blac-hleop, 118, 24. 
blabo, 61, 8. 
blab, 2, 5 ; 13, 24 ; 53, 

11; 54,26; 55, 31; 

113,26; 198,6; 213, 

1 ; 225, 34 ; 247, 20 ; 

263, 16; 287, 7. 
bla&b-ba&s, 13,9; 73,7. 
blKft, 196,11. 
blanb, 197, 19. 
blatenbe, 60, 14. 
blea«e, 206, 17. 
blican, 250, 12. 
bhr, 2,4; 288,16. 
blitS-heopt, 12, 28. 
blob-ejera, 208, 3. 
blob-jjrte, 92, 10. 
blonben-peax, 141, 7 v 

157, 5. 
bloftme, 286, 25. 
blotan, 173, 5. 
bocepe, 211,22; 226, 1. 
boc-fta&F, 261, 10; 262,7. 
boba, 31, 24; 34, 5» 
bobi^ean, 210,4. 
bobfcipe, 35, 10, 
bos, 40, 26; 209, 12; 

188, 21 ; 209, 12. 



bolb, 273, 19 ; 308, 4. 
bol^en-mob, 228, 26. 
bopa, 296, 10. 
bopb, 193, 28. 
bopb-hpeoSan, 187, 30; 

192,23; 198,9. 
bot, 164, 21; 178, 2; 

215, 13 ; 228, 10. 
bod, 107, 34. 
bocl-xeffcpeon, 65, 32; 97, 

32; 116,3. 
botm, 21,27; 310,5. 
bpa&ban, 182, 9; 186, 1 ; 

191, 29. 
bp»fen, 244, 16. 
bpanb,21, 16; 231,12. - 
bpecan, 288, 15. 
bpego, 12, 7 ; 60, 4 ; 62, 

3; 218, 30; 232, 6. 
bpe^o-peapb, 140, 26 ; 

166, 13. 
bpeman, 241, 17. 
bpembep, 177, 12. 
bpeme, 222, 13. 
bpeoft, 177,3. 
bpeojr-copa, 36, 19. 
bpeort-jehyjb, 78, 6. 
bpeoft-getSanc, 241,5. 
bpeoft-loca, 226, 7. 
bpeoft-nec, 192, 24, 
bpeocone, 308, 3. 
bpepie, 169, 17; 226, 18. 
bpim, 208,2; 214,20. 
bpim-j:apo, 236, 17. 
bpmj, 196, 12. 
bpoja, 154, 7. 
bpoh-fpea, 108, 29. 
bpotSop-bana, 92, 9. 
bpo^op-cpeabn, 63, 10. 
bpucan, 161, 13« 
bpun, 209, 13. 
bpybe-lafte, 164, 15. 



bpyne, 154, 7; 182, 7 ; 

231, 12 ; 232, 24 ; 

244,29; 245,11. 
bpyne-jielb, 175, 6 ; 177, 

18. 
bp^rman, 259, 14. 
bpytta, 8, 10, 24; 97, 

29; 111, 18; 159,27; 

165, 6; 266, 17. 
bpjttian, 72, 4 ; 74, 22 ; 

131, 19 ; 201, 23. 
bpytti^an, 4, 12. 
buan, 16, 7. 
bu^an, 18, 34. 
bun, 259, 18. 
bup, 144, 7. 
bup^e-peapb, 226, 19. 
buph, 210,4; 278, 1. 
buph-paBften, 101, 10. 
buph-jeafc, 146, 22. 
buph-^epeapb, 262, 6. 
buph-hleo«, 182, 3. 
buph-leob, 300, 7. 
buph-loca, 153, 12. 
buph-pccenbe, 170, 18. 
bupb-ftebe, 65, 7 ; 218, 

31; 287,6. 
bupb-peall, 282, 31. 
bupb-peapbe, 180, 2. 
byht, 133, 20. 
byme, 186, 2; 187, 31; 

226, 29. 
byp, 75, 1. 
b^Tijan, 33, 12. 
bypht-popb, 279, 15. 
b^en, 34,6; 36,13; 41, 

3 ; 42, 29. 
bytlian, 112,33; 131,15. 

C, 
Ca&s. 211, 11. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



319 



calb, 304, 29. 
calla, 193, 26. 
capcepn, 295, 21. 
capleaf, 188, 10. 
ceap, 105, 2; 106, 16; 

112,28; 115,13. 
ceapian, 262,5. 
ceap, 269, 2. 
ceap-fopje, 68, 9, 
cempa, 260, 9. 
cen, 198,14; 200,14. 
ceoppan, 248, 11. 
ceoj-an, 277, 14. 
cime, 39, 1. 
cin-bepj, 188, 28, 
cipm, 153,31. 
cifte, 192, 10, 11. 
cl»ne, 260, 10. 
clam, 248, 28. 
clom, 24, 6; 26, 17; 150, 

4; 271,10; 274,21; 

292, 22. 
cluftpo, 27, 11. 
clypiaii, 94, 30. 
cneo-mse^, 64, 28. 
cneo-pim, 72, 22 ; 98, 32. 
cneopij-, 177,32. 
cneopipa, 76, 12. 
cneop-maej, 104, 1 1 ; 106, 

29; 178,34; 189,16; 

198,6; 205,12; 259, 

36. 
cneop-pim, 65, 13. 
cneop-pb, 200, 13. 
cnorel,j64, 12; 104,4. 
copa, 88, 13. 
cop«ep, 99, 27 ; 148, 7 ; 

189,27; 207,11; 221, 

28. 
coftian, 306, 28. 
coftijan, 172, 18. 
cp»FC, 193,13; 230,1. 



cpin^an, 208, 11. 
cuma, 146, 32 ; 148, 8 ; 

150, 3. 
cumbol, 188,29; 227,1. 
c\inman,204, 16; 249,16. 
cupon, 193,9; 218, 1. 
cufc, 39, 2. 
cpal, 229, 30. 
cpanian, 284, 12. 
cpealm, 61, 29 ; 98, 1 ; 

207,18; 246,6. 
cpealm-bpeop, 60, 22. 
cpealm-ppea, 151, 12. 
cpelm, 257, 36. 
cpeman, 276,5; 283, 16. 
cpen, 210, 7. 
epic, 176,19; 177,5. 
cpic-lipjenbe, 79, 14. 
cpib, 269, 2. 
cp^lb, 188,11. 
cyle, 3, 30 ; 285, 10. 
cynbe, 167, 26. 
cyne, 104, 16. 
cyne-beapn, 102, 23. 
cyne-pice, 198, 5. 
cjrne-rtol, 283, 1. 
cyne-ppym, 260, 8. 
cynn, 76, 13. 
cjrpe, 207, 12. 
c57im, 145, 17. 
cypman, 207, 3. 
cyrt, 115,14; 238,6. 
cyrtleaf, 61, 28. 
cy«, 169, 15. 
cyfan, 283, 2. 



D. 

D»be, 222, 8. 
ba&b-Fpuma, 59, 27, 
ba&b-hpaet, 238, 12. 



b»b-lean, 194,20. 
b»b-pof,131,8; 156,16. 
ba&b-peopc, 214, 26. 
b»s-b»b, 212, 18. 
ba&jpeb, 289, 27 ; 294, 4. 
ba&s-pim, 60, 1; 80, 20; 

131,9; 156,31. 
ba&j-j-cealb, 182,22. 
ba&j-tib, 100, 4. 
b»j-peopc, 187, 14; 197, 

30; 209,28; 210,21. 
ba&j-poma, 199,26. 
b»l, 2, 22. 
balo, 27,21. 
beah, 282, 8. 
bealle. 111, 1. 
beapnen^a, 38, 5 ; 39, 2h 
beapnun^a, 29, 14, 
beap, 239,16. 
beap-bpiaf, 233, 17. 
beapij, 119,24; 188, 4; 

199, 25. 
beat5-beain, 40, 13. 
bea«-bpep, 209, 6. 
beat$-ftebe, 216, 1. 
bema, 288,13. 
beofol-ba&b, 217,5. 
beofol-sylb, 180, 18. 
beop, 197,31; 209,29; 

210, 20. 
beope, 165, 15. 
beop, 198,14; 239,16. 
beopc, 271, 13. 
beopetS-pceapt, 119,23. 
beopmob, 183,25; 226, 

14, 
bepian, 30,23; 233, 11. 
bihtij, 120,11. 
bim,43, 3; 271,13; 285, 

14. 
bojop, 98,5; 155,12. 
bohce, 78, 5. 



320 



VERBAL INDEX. 



bol, 22, 14. 

ballice, 19, 22. 

bom, 4, 19; 40,1; 177, 

30; 211,2: 217,33; 

225, 33. 
bom-eab^ 75, 29. 
bompatiT, 78,2; 91, 10; 

107, 8. 
bomian, 241, 4. 
bomleaf, 279, 3. 
bpaci^ 270, 30; 285, 13. 
bjieam, 2, 1 ; 4, 20. 
bjieajiun^, 238, 3. 
bpecan, 131, 22. 
bpehte, 135, 27. 
bjien-jdob, 200, 30. 
bjieogan, 2, 23 ; 9, 15 ; 

12, 23 ; 55, 2. 
bpeop, 63,12; 187, 15. 
bpeopx. 289, 8. 
bpeopi^^-mob, 169, 24. 
bpiht, 182, 21 ; 209, 7. 
bpiht-Folc, 179, 26; 198, 

13 ; 216, 2. 
bpiht-ne, 188, 5. 
bpihCfcipe, 31, 14. 
bpihc-p^p, 107,32; 129, 

28. 
bpohtaJS, 109, 6. 
bpope, 238,3; 265,23. 
bpupon, 180, 18. 
bpyj. 195,28. 
bpyhcen-peapb, 249, 24. 
bp^an, 168, 11. 
bpjTxm^be, 180, 5. 
buse«, 2,11; 4,19; 63, 

14; 112,10; 180,7; 

183, 13; 209, 17; 213, 

2; 245,1. 
bujupum, 107, 33. 
bun, 175,17. 
bupu, 288, 14. 



buft, 302, 24. 

bjjle, 224, 2. 

byne, 288, 13; 289, 7, 

27; 294,5. 
bypan, 17,9. 
bypuan, 164, 10. 



E. 

Eacen, 130, 12 ; 135, 2 ; 

157,14; 167, 15; 224, 

14; 246,27. 
eab, 26, 5 ; 199, 15. 
eabi^, 112,29; 216,4. 
eabop, 154, 18. 
eapopa, .35, 5. 
ea^e, 204, 2. 
ealbop, 151,2. 
ealbopbom,198,3; 199,8. 
ealbop-jebal, 1 1 8, 2. 
ealh-ftebe, 258,11. 
eallen^a, 30, 34. 
ealo-^al, 145, 19. 
ealpalba, 16,20. 
eapel, 290, 7. 
eapc, 262, 30. 
eapce-bopb, 80, 23 ; 82, 

4; 84,26. 
eapb, 272, 1 ; 277, 14. 
eapbpaert, 171, 27. 
eappel^u, 33, 1. 
eapjroS, 12,4; 255, 12; 

272, 29. 
eap5, 36, 32. 
eaften, 35, 16. 
ea-ftpeam, 14, 9 ; 240, 

11. 
eaft-pej, 220, 11. 
ea«fynbe, 120, 12. 
eat5meb, 234, 20. 
ece, 277, 4, 12. 



ecj, 203, 24 ; 260, 14. 
ec^-pale, 126, 2. 
eb, 84,30. 
ebceppe, 293, 7. 
ebneop, 20, 25. 
ebop, 147, 25 ; 150, 5. 
ebj-ceaft, 222, 30. 
ebulf-fta&F, 68, 16. 
ebpihtaii, 117, 15. 
ebjnt, 165,7; 304, 32; 

307. 13. 

epie, 70, 24 ; 138, 27 ; 

141,13; 154,11; 233, 

14. 
ej:n^eb9&leii, 183,22. 
epuan, 227, 7, 13. 
epfte, 174, 2. 
efcj^b, 212, 15. 
ejera, 161,21; 164, 7; 

208, 29. 
ejenruU, 209,^26; 222,17. 
ejerhc, 250, 31 ; 260, 33. 
ejle, 258,21. 
ejop-hepe, 84, 23 ; 92, 3 1 . 
ejop-pppeam, 83, 4. 
esra, 185,12; 288, 12; 

289, 6. 
ej-ftpeam, 85, 15. 
ehtian, 241,25. 
eires, 267, 10. 
ele-beam, 88, 30. 
ellen, 59, 32. 
ellen-bs&b, 31, 13. 
ellen-poj:, 107,1; 110,26; 

112,23. 
ellfeobij, 159,3; 162,10; 

218. 14. 
enbe-lean, 227, ]5. 
enbe-pim, 265, 24. 
enbe-jra^, 298, 30. 
eopeb, .167, 27. 

eopl, 120,13; 194,15. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



321 



eopp-pepob, 190,4. 
eop'Scunb, 98, 8. 
eopS-cyn, 201, 10, 
eopt$-cynin|, 235, 14. 

€op«-pice,27,18; 29,23; 

35,1. 
eopC-j-cpa&j:, 156, 27. 
eop«-pela, 112,29, 
eopeb, 250, 4. 
epe, 181, 24. 
erel, 307, 18. 
erol, 173, 25. 
eft, 76,2; 91, 8; 147. 

21; 226,21. 
ertum, 117, 11; 142,4, 
euppatef, 15, 16. 
exl, 177,7. 
e«, 220, 28. 
etSan, 219, 19. 
etJel-fepeam, 97,4. 
et$el-eapbe, 116,33. 
e«el-lanb, 83, 14; 118, 

20 ; 218, 15. 
etJellear, 186,15; 212,3, 
e^el-meapc, 106, 9; 112, 

22; 133,8. 
e^el-piht, 191, 8. 
e«el-relb, 113,32. 
e«el-retl, 115,30. 
eSel-ftatSol, 6, 25. 
e«el-rtol, 69, 2 ; 89, 23 ; 

105,4. 
e«el-rtop, 64, 1 9 ; 1 64,33. 
^el'Cupf, 162, 6. 
et$el-peapfe, 219, 16. 
e«el-«pym, 98, 23. 
eSpynbe, 215, 6. 
€«m, 309, 4. 
e«yl-ji:»F, 134, 11. 
e«yl-tupF, 14, 26; 104, 

14; 106,20; 163,33. 



Facen, 162,13; 1«7,13; 

268, 35, 
pa&c, 258, 28. 
pa&cn, 29, 1. 

j:»bepa, 114,7; 125,16, 
f 8&bep-8&«elo, 200, 24. 
fa&bepyn, 213, 29, 
F»je, 76, 80; 83, 19; 

188,16; 194,27. 
Fa&jen, 131, 26. 
F»|ep, 214, 8. 
F8&h«e, 55, 27; 63, 9; 

289,30; 305,2. 
F»le, 138,33; 150,25. 
fsemne, 157, 6. 
F»p,3,30; 22,1; 79,6; 

80,4; 85,23; 163,17; 

182, 7; 186,8; 195, 

20; 206.16; 253,8. 
F»pe, 84, 8. 

pari' 79, 13; 80.17; 82,8. 
pa&rtan, 253, 7; 806,20. 
F»r*:en, 9,27; 180, 22; 

181, 5 ; 259, 15. 
Fa&rthJ^ij, 81,18. 
F8&«m, 4, 32; 196, 20; 

209, 24 ; 232, 16. 
Fah,4,31; 55,24,35; 56, 

16; 63, 29; 196, 5; 

207, 31; 212, 18; 270, 

28; 272,31; 274,19; 

275, 32. 
pah-pep, 78, 10. 
pam^ian, 208, 10. 
pami^-bopn, 209, 2. 
pana, 193, 18. 
panbian, 244, 29. 
panbijan, 145, 24. 
panbunj, 87, 21. 
pap, 213. 19. 



papan, 32, 7. 

pape, 105, 1. 

papu, 239,31. 

pea, 128, 30 ; 220, 4 ; 

236, 25. 
pealu, 123, 14. 
peapceaft, 126, 24; 131, 

13, 
peax, 243, 18. 
peban, 59,8; 64,23; 65, 

35; 67,24; 78,25; 

103, 3. 
pelb, 196,5; 226,13. 
pelb-hup, 183,3; 186,3; 

191.31. 
penj, 6, 33. 
peo, 161, 2, 
peoh, 13, 12; 78, 26; 

164, 23. 
peoh-pceat, 262, 14, 
peolo, 290, 26, 
peon, 56, 13. 
peonb, 4,21; 87,11. 
peonb-pa&p, 55, 26, 
peop, 213, 5, 
peoph, 12, 13; 200, 23; 

202, 7. 
peoph-bana, 62, 26; 125, 

32. 
peoph-bepenb, 117, 17. 
peoph-cpealm, 63, 26. 
peoph-b»j, 142, 8. 
peoph- jebeoph, 201, 8. 
peoph-lean, 187, 12. 
peoph-nepe, 237, 18; 248, 

3. 
peopme, 99, 22 ; 104, 6 ; 

161, 2. 
pep, 93, 12. 
pepenbe, 180, 14. 
peph«, 185,8; 241, 19. 
pephtJ-bana, 203, 5. 



322 



VERBAL INDEX. 



jpephtS-ceapij, 133, 28. * 
]pejiht$-copa, 157, 8. 
pephtS-loca, 194*27. 
]:epian, 201,21. 
peplopen, 20, 1. 
feptS, 180, 26. 
feti^ean, 161, 17. 
j:et5a, 192, 2; 194, 26; 

197, 25; 278, 13; 293, 

19. 
Fe«e, 24,17; 153,6; 207, 

31. 
fe^-^anj, 152, 1. 
peiSeleaf, 56, 6. 
pe{$ep-homa,27, 13; 42, 6. 
pepfna, 56, 17. 
pnban, 18, I. 
pp, 202, 30. 
ppen, 2, 14. 
ppen-b»b, 155, 29. 
ppenpil, 268, 34. 
ppne, 274, 27. 
ppnian, 303, 29. 
ppnum, 51,26. 
pfon, 14,21. 
ptte, 124, 33. 
fla&fc-homa, 83, 27. 
flan, 192, 25. 
pleah, 188,16. 
fleam, 254, 20. 
fleb, 15, 12. 
flema, 62, 27. 
fleojan, 27, 14. 
pleon, 248, 13. 
plett, 147, 29. 
flecc-geftealb, 97, 11. 
fle'dc-yaS, 165, 10. 
flob-blac, 209,11. 
flob-e^ra, 206, 4. 
flob-peapb, 209, 3. 
flob-pej, 184, 12. 
flop, 267, 17; 284, 8. 



flota, 186, 3; 191, 31; 

198, 32. 
flot-mon, 89, 3. 
fl^an, 127, 24. 
folc-beapn, 105, 28. 
folc-cut$, 203, 22. 
folo-cyniBj, 119,4. 
fok-bpiht, 76, 24. 
folce-ppen, 145, 23. 
folc-fpea. 111, 7. 
folc-jept$, 128,29; 241, 

29. 
folc-jeft8&l, 18, 10. 
folc-jefteal, 19, 6. 
folc-^eftpeon, 119, 17. 
folc-jetel, 192, 9. 
folc-^etpum, 119, 29; 

123, 18. 
folc-mse^en, 199, 31 ; 

227,11. 
p)lc-BM&g5, 77, 18; 133, 
20. 

;olc-m8&pe, 108,5. 

:olc-piht, 179, 1. 

olc-fceap, 106, 34; 112, 
17; 149,20; 162,12. 

lolc-fCebe, 116, 8. 

olc-ffc^be, 120. 25. 

olc-fpeot, 215, 2. 

olc-cal, 201,29. 

olc-toja, 118, 6; 178, 
19; 194,1; 249,10. 

ok-pej, 151, 17. 

olc-pep, 14, 21 ; 110,30. 

:olb, 10, 2 ; 277, 32. 

olb-pej, 123, 24, 

;ol^a6, 284, 30« 

olm, 4,31; 202,31. 

opan, 251, 1. 

lopbsepnan, 185, 16. 

opbi^an, 4, 15. 

opbi^eb, 5, 12. 



fopbopften, 5, 11. 
fopbpecan, 260, 13. 
fope, 61, 33. 
fope^enja, 185, 9. 
fopemealici^, 100,24. 
fopepeall, 196, 25. 
fopfangen, 254, 19. 
fop^pan, 177, 4. 
fopjylban, 197,31. 
fop^yman, 21, 20. 
fophabban, 208, 22. 
fopha&feb, 225, 1. 
fopharen, 38, 20. 
fophealben, 7, 6. 
fophelan, 36, 29, 
fophc, 117, 18; 118,23; 

131,5; 161,16; 194, 

11; 261, 13. 
fopl»ban, 29, 18; 147, 

13. 
foplaapan, 29, 18. 
foplsetan, 15, 19; 26, 

10; 217,32. 
foplop, 45, 4 ; 47, 8. 
fopniman, 153, 34 ; 196, 

10. 
popob, 5, 10. 
popfceap, 190, 25, 
popfceap, 55, 22. 
poppceqp, 20, 14. 
poppcepen, 269, 12. 
poppcpipen, 267, 5. 
poppttan, 173, 10. 
popplej^i, 122, 5. 
popfpeoD, 22, 34. 
poppt, 239, 29. 
popptanban, 152, 18. 
popptolen, 95, 15. 
popppapen, 25, 9. 
popppealh, 154, 17. 
popppel^an, 57, 34. 
poppeapb, 49, 6. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



323 



jroppeoptSan, 151, 3; 156, 

14; 277,1. 
pojipopht, 24, 21 ; 53, 6 ; 

269, 21. 
popjnmbob, 273, 4. 
foppypnaii, 134, 3. 
pop5, 184, 7. 
popSb»po, 8, 31. 
poptSceopan, 99, 7. 
poptJjanj, 207. 20. 
popt$-hepje, 192, I. 
poptJpJue, 14, 8. 
pop'Spteallian, 144, 15. 
popSpeapb, 13, 29 ; 86, 

26 ; 100, 3. 
pop«pej,170,14; 179,22; 

185,27; 193,17; 200,1. 
ppacot^, 235, 10. 
ppacot$Lce, 55, 25. 
ppa&cen, 136, 22; 229, 8. 
ppa&ton, 187, 7. 
ppa&cu, 28, 28; 128, 21; 

171,16. 
ppanca, 119, 20. 
ppea,l,9; 10,1; 178,30. 
ppec, 155, 30. 
ppeceii,31,21; 43,9,11; 

96,20; 179,33; 214, 

17; 230,4; 245,20; 

282, 10. 
ppeme, 13, 29 ; 38, 22 ; 

59,13; 79,20. 
ppemman, 2, 14 ; 3, 4. 
ppeo, 29, 28; 76, 10; 

220, 4. 
ppeobeapn,131,26; 230, 

26; 232,19. 
ppeo-bpo'8op, 199, 14. 
ppeob, 63, 2. 
ppeolec, 55, 17 ; 61, 16. 
ppeohc, 12, 12; 59,23; 

72, 19 ; 97, 25. 
y2 



ppeoluc, 54, 28. 
ppeom, 169, 1; 178,19, 
ppeo-m»s, 60, 1 8 ; 63, 28 ; 

72,8; 200, 12. 
ppeomann, 131, 12. 
ppeonb, 189, 2. 
ppeonb-lupu, 110, 7. 
ppeonb-m^b, 109,31. 
ppeonb-ppeb, 140, 19. 
ppeo«o,81, 19; 110,15; 

229, 25. 
ppeo'So-fcealc, 138, 33; 

150, 25. 
ppeotJo-ppeb, 73, 2. 
ppeat56-p8&pe, 197, 13. 
ppeo)K>-)»eap, 5, 29. 
ppe«o, 89, 28. 
ppinan, 31, 34. 
ppi«, 2, 15; 229, 9; 245, 

21; 260,28. 
ppit$-canbel, 153, 15. 
ppi«-sebal, 69, 27. 
ppi«o, 4, 21; 70, 11. 
ppitSo-tacen, 142, 29. 
Fpob,70,16;74, 14;131, 

9; 179,15; 200,11. 
ppopep, 183, 7. 
ppom, 181, 1. 
ppom-cjrme, 106, 2. 
ppom-cynn, 92, 25 ; 96, 

19; 133,1. 
ppom-lab, 126, 20. 
ppomppican, 119, 18. 
ppuma, 1, 10. 
ppum-beapn, 59, 24; 73, 

35 ; 180, 1 ; 199, 13. 
ppum-cneop, 201, 12. 
ppum-cyn, 200, 23 ; 286, 

6. 
ppum-jap, 72, 7 ; 222, 7. 
ppum-^apa, 71, 11; 80, 

25; 102,31; 123,28. 



ppum-hpse^l, 58, 8, 
ppumpceapt, 195, 9. 
ppum-pl»p, 222, 22. 
ppum-pppaece, 236, 24. 
ppum-ptol, 59, 14. 
ppym'5, 144, 16. 
ppy«o, 91, 16. 
pul, 188, 13. 
puUepfc, 213, 18, 
pull^an, 130, 1. 
pull-pona, 117,9. 
pulcum, 11,11; 169,1. 
pulpihc, 299, 8. 
punbian, 137, 5; 150, 17; 

250, 8. 
puptSum, 69,6; 153, 16. 
pup, 10,10; 28,28; 184, 

6; 185,27; 193,17. 
pyhjan, 16,27. 
pyU, 124, 14; 248,15. 
p^Uan, 127,20. 
pylptan, 149, 34 ; 159,8. 
pyope, 72, 10. 
pyp-clom, 267, 16. 
Fypb,26, 18; 43,11; 180. 

32; 183, 8; 186. 7; 

194.2; 195, 10. 
pypb-jepteall, 120, 23. 
pypb-jecpum, 184, 6 ; 

189, 1. 
p^b-leo«, 215, 3. 
p^b-pinc, 127, 1. 
pypb-pic, 185,28. 
parpen, 226, 4. 
p^en-eappe'S, 44, 14 
pyp-jebp8BC, 154, 24. 
pyp-leoma, 272, 32. 
pyp-loca, 268, 20. 
p^n, 32, 5. 
pj7in.b8&s, 213,28; 236, 

7; 293, 31. 
pypnum, 20,28; 50, 16. 



324 



VERBAL INDEX. 



FypjT, 194, 28; 197, 9; 

203, 5. 
pj7ift-mea|ic, 251, 8. 



G. 

Gab, 222, 10. 
^»b, 15, 21. 
S»belins, 242, 20. 
japol, 119, 12. 
sal, 21,21. 
jalan, 215, 3. 
Salje, 297, 2 ; 299, 15. 
jalfcipe, 22, 15. 
^amel, 193, 3. 
^amen, 42, 18. 
^amol-pephtS, 173, 26. 
janj, 232, 20. 
janjenbe, 164, 23. 
5ap, 187, 28; 193, 2; 

199, 27 ; 297, 2. 
^ap-beam, 193, 14. 
^ap-bepenbe, 192, 13. 
jap-pap, 199, 23. 
jap-heap, 198, 11. 
japrecj, 8, 1; 195, 24; 

205, 3. 
jap-jmbu, 198, 20. 
jart-cymnj, 174, 24. 
jajr-jebal, 68, 33. 
jaftlic, 13, 27. 
^ealhmob, 230, 8. 
2ean]»mpan, 62, 5. 
jeapej-, 154, 16. 
^eapa, 26, 21. 
Xeapb, 32, 30 ; 46, 6. 
jeap-ba&S, 99,36; 287,16. 
^eape, 3, 26. 
Xeapo, 29, 25 ; 230, 14. 
^eapu, 199, 16. 
jeap-topht, 94, 13. 



jeappa, 41, 16; 73,29. 
jeappe,43, 23; 158,30; 

181,11. 
^eat, 305, 19. 
jebeaph, 163, 7; 246,6. 
jebeb, 227, 24 ; 228, 14. 
jebcbba, 109, 25. 
jebebfcipe, 148, 35. 
^ebejeb, 292, 26. 
jeblaBbpa&rt, 6, 15. 
jeblonben, 272, 34. 
jebobfcipe, 28, 3. 
^ebpecan, 4, 32. 
Seb^b, 37, 2. 
Sebypsan, 31, 10. 
jeq^em, 278,5. 
jec^be, 216, 8. 
SecJ«an, 196, 16; 277,6. 
jebal, 57,19; 84, 20. 
jebeap, 306, 27. 
jebepe, 78, 2. 
jebpeaj", 209, 15. 
jebpenceb, 179, 25. 
jebpencte, 209, 16. 
jebpihc, 148, 26; 197, 

10; 217, 13. 
jebpymojl:, 182, 21. 
jebupan, 266, 30. 
I^ebjnlb, 2, 22. 
jebpola, 217, 14. 
jebpolen, 116, 14. 
jeejleb, 237, 27. 
^epa&tian, 297, 22. 
gepea, 4, 22. 
Sepeallan, 208, 12. 
Sepe5p»rt, 79, 12. 
Sepepan, 29,20; 196,4. 
^epepian, 274, 3. 
^epetepian, 175, 27. 
^epetepob, 207, 19. 
Seplemeb, 293, 30. 
jepljineb, 232, 17. 



^epopmian, i62, 24. 
Sepp8&se,71,20; 201,7; 

235, 10. 
Sepp»sn, 196, 2. 
Seppajopc, 202, 27. 
^eppa&tpian, 14, 7. 
geppecnob, 227, 10. 
jeppijen, 177, 28. 
jepylleb, 179,33. 
Sep^eb, 180, 32. 
jej»ppan, 173,3. 
jejeappi^eaD, 29, 30. 
jejeappob, 12, 17. 
jejenje, 46. 13. 
Sejipeb, 39, 6. 
jejliban, 288, 6. 
Sejnunja, 42, 1 1 , 35; 229, 

4. 
jejpemeb, 4, 29. 
jejpmb,124,15; 198,29. 
jehaept, 24, 19. 
jehaepteb, 24, 29. 
jeha&jeb, 188, 17. 
jeheap, 285, 18. 
jeheneb, 276, 18. 
jehic^an, 275, 29. 
jehilte, 176, 1. 
^ehlaban, 220, 2. 
jehleat, 166, 10.' 
jehlib, 37, 3. 
5ehli«, 47, 21. 
^ehna&pt, 121, 24. 
jehpeopan, 288, 2 ; 298, 

29. 
Sehyb, 261, 27. 
Sehyjb, 219, 4. 
jehylb, 202, 3. 
^einnob, 3, 28. 
Selab, 181, 9; 190, 28; 

197, 27. 
lelB&ptan, 229, 19. 
^eleah, 4, 5. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



325 



^eleanian, 25, 15. 
Selepan, 279,31. 
^ebhtan, 291, 16. 
^eLmpan, 2, 33. 
^elubon, 93, 28. 
jelucian, 273, 2. 
jelypan, 26,3; 219,22. 
^elypeb, 213,21. • 
^emsecca, 76, 18. 
^emse^, 114, 14. 
2ema&can,223,20; 225,21 . 
jemeapc, 174,28. 
jemeapcob, 23, 21; 310, 

10. 
^emen^eb, 227, 9. 
jemec, 175, 15; 231,21; 

247, 5 ; 295, 22. 
jem\inbb]^ban, 149, 11. 
jemynb-bpepen, 94, 34. 
jemynbij, 213, 7. 
sen, 142, 16. 
jena, 160, 17. 
Sena&^an, 185,30. 
jen»r, 121, 33. 
2;enap, 206, 20. 
jeneahe, 172, 12. 
jeneappoc, 157, 9. 
jeneat, 18,36. 
jeneop, 207, 32. 
^enepian, 233,21. 
jenepisan, 152, 22 ; 232, 

13. 
jene^an, 214, 17. 
jeniht, 113, 21. 
Senip, 9, 9; 271, 7; 275, 

31 ; 292, 25. 
jenipab. 179,28. 
jenybbon, 181,28. 
jeo, 139, 12. 
jeoc, 230, 14. 
^eocian, 234, 14. 
geocpe, 229, 3. 



jeocpoft, 254, 25. 
^eopan, 34, 31. 
Seopon, 206, 6 ; 215, 8. 
jeoFon-huf, 79,34. 
5eojo8hab, 91,4. 
jeomop, 5, 9; 205, 4; 

206, 5. 
jeomop-Fpob, 134, 13. 
jeon, 15, 9. 
jeonbfolen, 3, 29. 
jeonbfapen, 233, 19. 
jeonbfenbeb, 118, 21; 

154, 6. 
|eonbplitan, 265, 18. 
jeonjep, 29, 15. 
jeonjepbom, 18, 3, 34; 

41, 26. 
Sep8Bcan,57,26; 275, 10. 
jepa&b, 259, 29. 
jepe, 196, 14. 
jepeap, 295, 20. 
jepecenob, 211, 12. 
jepipio, 146, 34. 
jepum, 234, 12. 
jepume, 47, 11. 
jepymaii,195,30; 208,7. 
Sepynu, 225, 4 ; 261,9; 

262, 20. 
XepJxne, 11,2; 94,22; 

242,17. 
jepyjuu, 135, 19. 
jefaca, 4, 25. 
jera&leb, 248, 30. 

jeraelij, 27, 1. 
^efa&li^lic, 16, 32. 
jercaefC, 273, 20. 
jerceaban, 209, 25 ; 216, 

32. 
jerceapt, 224, 6 ; 225,27. 
^erceapu, 32, 14; 52, 12; 

95, 4; 149, 4; 171, 

13. 



I 



jerceob, 208, 25 ; 209, 

29; 247,1. 
jej-cepian, 1 7, 1 1 . 
jefcpaf, 186, 16. 
jercylban, 182, 8. 
jefcypan, 79, 4. 
jefejman, 286, 30. 
Sereocu, 302, 20. 
jefeccan, 23, 23. 
jej-etSeb, 257, 7. 
jepjefa&rt, 234, 8. 
jepne, 211, 18. 
5ep«,.114, 23; 124,23; 

170. 3; 257,24. 
jej-la&jen, 24, 26. 
Sej-loh, 129,26. 
jefome, 6, 1. 
jefpeban, 92, 12. 
lefpeon, 188, 27. 
jefpon, 45,2; 47, 17. 
jerponj, 24, 14. 
jefpopnan, 87, 11, 33. 
gerta&lan, 25, 10. 
Septah, 209, 20. 
jeftafelian, 7, 32. 
jeftepaian, 10, 21. 
Sejrepan, 196, 26. 
Sejtillan, 194,2. 
jeftpuban, 219, 27. 
jeftypan, 36, 8. 
jerpealli, 210, 9. 
^efpeapc, 207,4. 
jefpeopc, 7, 19 ; 50, 12. 
^efpican, 149, 1. 
jerpinc, 20, 30. 
^erpitJeb, 234, 7. 
jejyhtJ, 233, 9. 
^efynto, 195, 5. 
jeta&can, 162, 27; 171, 

32; 173, 1. 
^etal, 101, 27. 
jeceaj, 203, 22. 



326 



VERBAL INDEX. 



jecen^e, 50J4; 108,31; 

187,9; 255,25. 
^eteob, 222, 28. 
jeteobe, 228, 19. 
^eti^obe, 166, 23. 
^etimbpo, 18, 20; 46, 5. 
^etpum, 199, 5. 
^etpymian, 16, 24. 
jetpyj^an, 36, 10. 
^etpep, 185, 8. 
Setpa&jran, 4, 14. 
^ecpeobe, 51, 28. 
jepanob, 31, 6. 
^epealc, 206,21. 
^epealb, 4, 18. 
^epemman, 5, 13; 231, 1; 

243, 16. 
jepenban, 27, 35. 
^epeox, 31, 11. 
2;epepeb, 30,5. 
^epin-bej, 254, 24. 
Se|nt, 16,29;252,1;255, 

22. 
jepita, 255, 14. 
jeplo, 107, 14. 
jepob, 207, 6. 
jeppecan, 4, 24. 
jeppic, 211, 1. 
^eppoleb, 22, 3. 
25epuna,207,27. 
jepup'Sian, 195, 1. 
jepjTilico, 244,7. 
2;epypt$ian, 178, 11. 
jefapa, 27. 8. 
2e)>apan, 255, 33. 
2et$ah, 186,24; 200,10. 
2e)>anc-metan, 115, 9. 
jepeaht, 37, 15 ; 228,21. 
je)7encan, 282» 22. 
2e}7encean, 19, 5. 
jef inj, 245, 25 ; 250, 14. 
jefinjan, 103, 7. 



Sej^msfo, 30,31. 
^etSpeab, 112,4; 161,21. 
^ej^pim^en, 151, 15. 
jejrylbix, 161, 8. 
jielb, 7, 5 ; 60, 5. 
jielp, 2, 27. 
^lelp-pceatSa, 6, 29. 
^en, 27, 6. 
2iert-li«nyr, 147, 28. 
Sip, 193, 6. 

^pe]>e, 103, 31 ; 134, 13. 
Sippe, 49, 16; 267, 2; 

276.21. 
ppatt-matc^, 76, 36. 
^tSum, 212, 5. 
plb, 172.11. 
pn, 205, 3. 
^p»rt, 176,29. 
pnpsepten, 211, 10. 
Xin^, 229, 2. 
pnne, 15, 8 ; 59, 2. 
ponjop, 26, 16. 
^on^oppc^e, 16, 26. 
ptpenbe, 55, 7. 
slab, 196,17. 
Sls&b, 164, 24. 
2l«bmob, 232, 14. 
jlaemep, 62, 22. 
^eam, 2, 1. 
jleap, 221, 1 ; 286, 10. 
^eap-Feph«, 70, 12 ; 147, 

27. 
^leap-mob, 243, ^2. 
Sleb, 245, 18. 
Sleb-pcybe, 108, 23 ; 172, 

10. 
jnopn^enbe, 52, 9. 
jnopnian, 273, 9. 
^nopnpa, 206, 19. 
jnypn, 146, 10. 
jobcunb, 158, 4. 
Soblec, 18, 31. 



job-ppebij, 62, 4. 
job-peb, 215, 22. 
jolb, 228,4; 229,12. 
jolb-buph. 154, 2. 
jolb-pa&t, 262, 36. 
jolb-hopb, 216, 6. 
^ombon, 119, 11. 
Spa&bij. 276, 21. 
Spa&p-hup, 309, 1 1 . 
SpsBj, 173, 22. 
spam, 20,2; 187,1. 
jpeac, 24, 27. 
Xpebix, 267. 2. 
Xpeot, 56, 9. 
Spetan, 192, 18. 
^im, 26, 15 ; 230, 8. 
2;pimman, 49, 17. 
^pimme, 4, 29. 
Spmbel, 24, 27. 
^pipan, 4, 30. 
gpipt-bifcunj, 285, 7. 
jpom, 219, 7. 
2pome, 230, 15. 
jgiunb, 22,25,31; 26,15. 
jpunb-pela, 59, 1. 
jpymetian, 203, 24. 
Spynb, 285, 2. 
SPl^e, 208, 26. 
Xuma, 163, 4; 219, 8; 

232, 14. 
Xum-cypt, 106, 10. 
^um-pice, 226, 25. 
jum-pinc, 93, 27. 
jum-feob, 15, 1, 
ju«, 198, 19. 
ju«-bopb, 163,5. 
ju«-cymnj, 128, 8. 
Su«-cypce, 199, 24. 
jutJ-plan, 124, 15. 
jut5-ppemmenb, 192, 14. 
ju8-3emot, 124, 1. 
juS-hepje, 118,18. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



327 



ju8-mypce, 181, 10. 
3u«-rpell, 126, 18. 
^S-peapb, 188, 26. 
XutJ-ppa&c, 64, 6; 119,2. 
Su«-fpeat, 190, 2. 
jj^bbian, 127, 6. 
^ybbijan, 253,21; 261, 

18. 
Sypi. 177,25; 262,5* 
Sylb, 226, 22; 228, 18. 
Sylban, 27,5; 176,31; 

229,5. 
Sylben, 228, 18. 
jyllenbe, 208, 26. 
Sylp, 5, 10. 
Xylp-Pleja, 193, 2. 
Xyman,22,25,31; 186,18. 
S^-cynn, 14, 29. 
Sjjib-pite, 178*22. 
2;ypian, 58, 5. 
S^pan, 18,30; 28,26. 
Syrc, 124. 2. 
Syrt-rele, 212,4. 

H. 

Hab, 235, 2. 

ha&pt, 215, 15 ; 228, 22 ; 

232,28; 235,16; 270, 

17; 274,2; 277,10. 
haesftealb, 111,28; 198, 

24. 
h»jftealb-man, 190,1. 
h»le, 74, 14. 
ha&le«, 19, 2; 193, 25 ; 

201,23; 210,7. 
hseman, 148, 18. 
haer, 8, 14 ; 202, 8. 
h%to, 25, 6 ; 232, 1 8. 
ha&pen, 207, 33. 
h»«, 185, 5. 
halffa&ft, 135, 5. 



halpan, 290, 28. 
half-pupt$un^, 215, 11. 
ham, 3, 9, 17; 206, 18; 

270,26; 271,3; 273, 

18; 274,3. 
hanb-^efceaft, 29, 24. 
'hanb-^epeopc, 1 6, 1 1 ; 31, 

32; 39,19. 
hanb-lean, 178. 29. 
hanb-msejen, 16, 22. 
hanb-ple^a, 124,3; 198, 

23. 
hanb-pop, 193, 15. 
hanb-peopc, 44,3; 209,1. 
hanb-fejen, 295, 12. 
hap,185,5; 189,7; 193,4. 
harpe, 195, 29. 
hat, 23, 6; 182,19; 233, 

6; 236,14; 285,22. 
hatpenb, 182,12. 
hea-buph, 109, 12; 152, 8. 
heaf, 3, 19; 57,4; 179, 

28. 
heafob-ma^a, 73, 6; 96, 

36. 
heapob-pena, 150, 11. 
heapob-fpima, 94, 28. 
heapob-pifa, 97,28. 
heah, 142, 33. 
heah-buph, 259, 30. 
heah-cimn^, 8, 14. 
heahpa&bep, 200, 15. 
heah-jefceapt, 1,8. 
heah-fetl, 3, 9. 
heah-)7esnun^, 183,23. 
heah-}7pea, 153, 28. 
heahj^unjen, 210, 18. 
healbenb, 130, 17. 
healp, 123, 33; 191, 3; 

303, 9. 
healis, 19,21. 
heall, 261, 20. 



healf, 24, 29. 
healf-msB^e'S, 130,6. 
hean, 6,20; 57,1; 96,15j 

137, 14. 
heap, 189, 29; 193, 6; 

202,2; 214,12; 270,9. 
heapb, 114,2. 
heapbpseben, 141, 2 L 
heapm, 245, 6. 
heapm-cp;yb, 39, 13. 
heapm-loca> 6, 19. 
heapm-ple^^a, 1 14, 2. 
heapm-f ceapu, 28, 7 ; 48, 

25; 51,19. 
heapm-ft8&f, 58, 1. 
heapm-tan, 61, 4. 
heappa, 17,21; 18,26. 
hea-relb, 261, 7. 
hea^o-pinc, 193,4. 
heat$o-pelm, 21, 14. 
heat$o-pylm, 187, 8. 
hebban, 183, 29. 
heban, 215, 14. 
hepn-pu^ol, 240, 16. 
hehen^^el, 302,17. 
heh-relb, 267, 25, 32; 

277, 21 ; 287, 25. 
heh-retl, 278, 11. 
heht, 3, 21, 32. 
heht$e 21, 8. 
heh-fejn, 244, 4. 
hel-heotJu, 308, 29. 
hell-se]>pm, 43, 26. 
hell-rcea6a. 43, 22. 
hehn, 7, 28 ; 29, 2 ; 107, 

22; 111,19; 129,17; 

146,11; 198,29; 217. 

1; 280,8. 
helpenbpa, 208, 23. 
hel-papu, 291,15; 308,19. 
hentJo, 289, 18. 
heofon-beacen, 184, 15.^ 



328 



VERBAL INDEX. 



heopn-canbel, 184, 31. 
heopon-col, 182, 5. 
heofon-pice, 216, 25. 
heopn-timbep, 9, 23. 
heopon-topht, 182, 19. 
heofon-peapb, 8, 6 ; 107, 

28. 
heolfe, 248, 1. 
heolfpe, 206, 9; 208, 1. 
heolftep, 53, 12; 271,5. 
heolfcep-fceabo, 7, 9. 
heolftop, 184,30. 
heononpeapb, 86,15. 
heopo, 210, 2. 
heopt, 252, 5. 
heopu, 235^ 16. 
heopt$-pepo&,96,35; 123, 

4; 125,8. 
heop, 297, 3. 
hepan, 276,4. 
hepe, 193, 16. 
hepe-byme, 183, 29. 
hepe-cifC, 188, 32; 194, 

7; 197,3. 
hepe-pujol, 188, 2. 
hepe-ma&c^, 149,31. 
hepe-pa'5, 218, 12. 
hepe-peap, 215, 14. 
hepe-ftpa&ce, 195,29. 
hepe-ceam, 128,4; 130, 

19. 
hepe-tyma, 253, 30. 
hepe-pic, 123, 26. 
hepe-pij-a, 198, 15. 
hepe-pop, 207, 2. 
hepe-pofa, 6, 7 ; 255, 24. 
hepe-pulp, 121, 25. 
hepe-fpeat, 214, 24. 
hepje, 178,18; 180,16; 

194,14; 199,33; 228, 

23; 260,25. 
hepian, 232, 9 ; 267, 33. 



hepige, 209,30; 217, 1 ; 

227, 3, 25 ; 260, 16. 
hepm-bealo, 307, 19. 
hec, 19, 34. 
hije, 18, 1. 
hi^e-cpa&p:, 222, 1. 
hije-fpob, 117, 13. 
hi^e-teone, 136, 21. 
hije-l^ancol, 221, 26. 
hibt, 275, 23. 
hihtpul, 58, 14. 
hihdeaf, 144, 9. 
hihtlic, 273, 17. 
hilbe, 188,3; 193,5,26. 
hilbe-rpej, 120, 7. 
bilb-^paec, 130, 9. 
hina, 142, 34. 
hinnpS, 44, 32 ; 45, 3. 
hinjitJ, 293, 17. 
hiop-beopht, 17, 27. 
hipeb, 286, 6; 288,5. 
hipa, 90, 3; 168,10. 
hlaban, 175, 25. 
hla&bpaa, 101, 1. 
hlaj:, 57,28; 307,2. 
hleahtop, 144, 9. 
hleahtop-fmi9, 180, 10. 
hlence, 191, 21. 
hleo, 7,7; 182,22; 252, 

32 ; 259. 13. 
hleo-m»j, 61, 34; 94, 3; 

95,21; 96,16. 
hleoman, 291, 19. 
hleop, 57, 27; 137, 16; 

140, 33. 
hleop-lopa, 117, 14. 
hleop, 147, 18. 
hleop- j:et$ep , 1 65 , 3 1 . 
hleop-ftol, 121, 16. 
hleo«op, 78, 8 ; 102, 1 ; 

204, 10; 226, 28; 233, 

25. 



hleolk)p-<r^e, 260, 15. 
hleo]>op-cpyb, 141, 1 ; 

143, 20; 225, 16; 

236, 5. 
hleot5op-ftebe, 145, 1. 
hhp25an,183, 9; 247, 22; 

253. 29. 
hhjatS, 235, 25. 
hhhhan, 5, 17. 
hht5, 90, 6; 156,25. 
hlub, 213, 10. 
hluttop, 25, 21 ; 239, 4. 
hlynn, 6S, 7 ; 153, 30. 
hlyp, 252, 5. 
hlyjt;, 226, 27. 
hneap, 171, 5. 
hneaphce, 108, 20. 
hnij^an, 16, 1 ; 147, 15 ; 

277, 22; 279, 18; 

288, 4. 
hojr, 79,25; 81,15; 84, 

6; 276,23. 
hope, 250, 7. 
hogian, 229, 17. 
hoh, 82, 16. 
holb, 178, 30; 217, 2; 

244,4. 
holbhc, 283, 27. 
holm, 8,7; 9,24; 195 

30 ; 206, 9 ; 266, 4. 
holm-epn, 85, 30. 
holmej, 185, 6. 
hohn-peall, 207, 16. 
holt, 52, 7; 187. 26; 

252, 6. 
holun^, 61, 14. 
hopb-bupj, 121,9. 
hopb-ma&jen, 258, 13. 
hopb-peapb, 179,27; 210, 

6; 220,3. 
hopn, 189, 29. 
hopn-fele, 109,11. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



329 



hoprc, 178, 17; 238,29. 
hp»5l, 243, 17. 
hpa&r, 119, 25. 
hp»p, 180, 6. 
lipase, 10, 22. 
hpeam, 206, 10 ; 309, 28. 
hpeap, 87, 12. 
hpebban, 258, 5. 
hpepian, 296, 11. 
hpeman, 263, 2. 
hpeoh-mob, 231, 4. 
hpeopon, 188, 14. 
hpeop, 284, 10. 
hpeopan, 50, 29, 36. 
hpeopij, 49, 29. 
hpeopi^-mob, 48, 5. 
hpeman, 214, 22. 
lipe«ep, 201,2. 
hpe«ep-jleap, 178, 17. 
hpincj, 84,5; 172,34. 
hpinj-m»leb, 120, 10. 
hpoj:, 10, 8; 175, 20; 

196,28; 214,18; 241, 

20; 244,2. 
hpop-jepp, 82, IL 
hpon-pab, 13, 19. 
hpo«pa, 62,21. 
hpuj-e, 240, 7. 
hpype, 210, 6. 
hucj-e, 140, 34. 
hun^ep, 307, 1. 
hupu, 141,11; 209,24. 
huj-ce, 143, 21. 
huj'l-j:»t,202,24; 260,5. 
hu«, 220, 2. 

hps&l, 188, 1,31; 240,15. 
hp»c, 57, 21,36; 177, 

27; 195,17; 267,26. 
hpa&tJepe, 14, 6. 
hpeop, 159, 18; 185,12; 

206, 6 ; 208, 3. 
hpde, 238, 4. 



hpilum, 273, 6, 7, 12; 

309, 22, 24, 26, 28. 
hpic, 17,4,27; 22, 11, 

33; 165,14. 
hppeopon, 188, 1. 
^PyPP' 115,12; 191,6; 

236, 16. 
hpypptum, 304, 17. 
hycjan, 25,22; 191,22. 
hyjeleaft, 21, 29. 
hyjefceapt, 19, 8. 
hyhthc, 9, 23; 96, 35; 

125,8; 278,3. 
hyht-pilla, 274, 25. 
hylb, 243, 23; 246,19. 
h^lbe-maja, 67, 1. 
hylbo, 18, 33; 63, 1; 

234,16; 235,7. 
hfll, 240,7; 285,16. 
hynt$o, 198, 16. 
hypbe, 194,6; 216,24. 
hypfteb, 58,34; 130,5. 
hyrra, 229, 14 ; 230,11; 

231,25; 233,5; 243, 

7 ; 244, 8 ; 245, 12. 



I. 



lean, 236, 8. 

iber, 36,28; 37,13; 64, 

22. 
epian, 41, 7. 
nca, 205, 30. 
Lnbpijran, 269, 29. 
ngebon, 12, 13. 
njemen, 189, 25. 
njepe, 179, 23. 
n^e}7ancum, 233, 24. 
nlenbe, 186, 9. 
nn, 94, 25. 
inpitfuU, 58, 18. 



inpifc-rpell, 122, 9. 

ipen, 297, 15. 

ifen, 231, 8. 

ipepn, 199,33; 231, 16; 

248, 29. 
lu, 267, 26; 269, 30; 

271,17; 274,8. 
lu-baeb, 276, 10. 



L. 

Lac, 60,2; 173, 9; 177, 

26! 
lacenbe, 246, 8. 
l»cebom, 301, 30. 
k&ban, 78, 25 ; 182, 17. 
Isehte, 309, 25. 
l»n, 38,3; 43,18; 194, 

29; 211,25. 
la&pij, 192, 29. 
l»ftan, 193, 11. 
k&tan, 37, 19. 
laj:, 121, 5; 201, 11; 203, 

17, 23; 210,1; 220,20. 
lajo, 13,32; 208,12. 
lajo-flob, 8, 20. 
lajo-p«, 81,11; 89,26. 
lajo-ftpeam, 115, 21; 

147,34; 201,5; 240, 

18. 
lanb-gerceapt, 238, 25. 
lanb-man, 189,4. 
lanb-piht, 1 14, 28 ; 200, 

10. 
lanbfcipe, 24, 11. 
lanb-pcn, 100,17; 102, 

12. 
lanb-peapb, 72, 1. 
lan^atS, 32, 1. 
lan^m, 178,4; 203,18; 

280, 4. 



330 



VERBAL INDEX. 



lanjunj;, 217,28. 

lap, 28,1; 100,29; 257. 

22. 
lapeop, 149, 29. 
lajr, 172,26; 199,11. 
laftpeapb, 186, 13; 203, 7. 
lat-feop, 184, 8. 
la«, 24, 11; 180,4; 207, 

3; 232,21; 243,2. 
la«rcipe, 123, 20. 
la^penb, 5, 7 ; 29, 11; 

135, 7. 
l6ahtep,280, 31 ; 282, 11. 
lean, 3,18; 17,11; 177, 

22; 209,29. 
leaf, 310, 16. 
leaping; 268, 28. 
\e%, 3, 31 ; 224, 20. 
lejbe, 48, 7. 
len^, 60,30; 194,22. 
len^ian, 256^ 25. 
leofe, 183,12; 195,16. 
leob-buph, 150, 83. 
leob-jrpuma, 75, 26 ; 140, 
. 24; 200,9. 
leob-seapb, 15, 6; 74,20; 

106, 18. 
leob-hata, 180,4. 
leob-ms^S, 163, 6. 
leob-ma^seii,185,26; 188, 

13; 190,7. 
leob-fceap, 199, 12. 
leob-fceat5a, 56, 24, 
leobfcipe, 193, 10. 
leob-peapb, 72, 1, 83; 

181, 6. 
leob-pep, 110,5; 184,20. 
leob-pepob, 182, 17. 
leob-peap, 116, 18. 
leop, 22, 12. 
kqrlic, 103, 4. 
leoht, 20,17; 115,21. 



leoht-bepenbe, 287, 15. 
leofate, 13, 30. 
leoht-fipiuna, 11, 14; 57, 

10; 85,5; 107,20; 

241, 23. 
leole, 29> 10. 
leoma, 184, 25. 
leomu, 274, 16. 
leop, 198, 12. 
he, 31, 26. 
lichoma, 32, 12. 
lic-punbe, 193, 1. 
Lb. 80,21; 89,11. 
lif-ceape, 54, 17. 
lif.b»s> 56> 10 ; 203,25; 

204. 22. 
hp-Fpea, 2, 9; 108, 18; 

195,3; 240.33. 
Lf-jebal, 154, 25. 
bpan, 202, 5. 
l^jr-pej, 184, 9. 
lip-pela, 219, 17. 
lij, 21,16; 153,20; 156, 

5; 231,18. 
Lje, 261, 3. 
lijet, 240, 2. 
hs-pyp, 182, 18. 
b^an, 263, 18. 
bht, 287', 2. 
bm, 80, 2. 
bm-pa&ftm, 273, 1. 
bnb, 123, 14; 192> 7; 

193,23; 197,4. 
bnb-cpob, 120, 21 » 
bobenbe, 12, 9. 
bo«o-benb, 24, 23. 
bjre, 71,24; 78, 14; 195, 

4; 213.1. 
bjr, 33, 8 ; 43, 8j 95, 29. 
bftum, 11, 19. 
bxan, 185,20; 187, 27; 

188, 29* 



b«, 13,31; 30,16; 50,33. 

b«r, 58, 18; 100,28. 

locc, 185, 10. 

locen, 283, 6. 

locian, 275, 12. 

lop, 2, 8 ; 246, 9. 

lop-fon^, 274, 17. 

lofjnm, 30, 16. 

lopan, 28, 12. 

lo«, 95, 29. 

lucan, 283, 5. 

lubon, 60, 29. 

lupa, 217,11. 

lunspe, 30, 26 ; 148, 24. 

lunnon, 209, 9. 

luft,43, 7; 180,30} 231, 

19. 
luftum, 2, 8. 
lyft, 29, 10; 205, 4; 207, 

33; 211>24. 
IjTt-ebop, 193, 24. 
l57*-bebn, 181, 13. 
lypc-lacenb, 240, 17. 
lyp-punbop, 183, 11. 
lyje, 268,11. 
lyhtan, 225, 23. 
lyt, 111,8. 
ly«pe, 268, 29. 

M. 

Mabm, 215, 19. 

maecs, 68, 26. 

mas, 177, 2; 178, 26; 

180, 28. 
ma&^-bupb, 65, 14 ; 68, 

27; 69, 7; 102,4; 134, 

5; 171, 8; 181, 3; 200, 

5,21. 
m»sen, 1,6; 184,2; 193, 

7;197, 1. 
m»2en-cop5ep, 119, 27. 



VERBAL INDEK. 



331 



ma&^en-cpa&pt, 277, 7. 
m»^en-heap, 190, 11. 
mB&sen-hTyjiF, 229, 22. 
mse^en-pq:, 195, 11. 
mse^nfcipe, 217, 9. 
ms&^exi-fifa, 213, 17. 
ms&seu-J'jieat, 210,8; 218, 

26. 
mx'^en-pjipD, 199, 85 ; 

212, 16. 
ma&^eS, 76, 18. 
ma&g-pme, 100, 9; 187, 

4; 197,28. 
ma&j^, 4, 12. 
mx^, 66, 10 ; 68> 26 ; 

71,19; 75,22; 76,4; 

98,3; 121,13. 
m<el, 103,16; 296,12. 
m8&l-b8&x,98, 18; 141,4. 
ma&l-mete, 252, 7. 
ma&ii, 4, 11. 

ma&nan, 273,10; 288, 24. 
msepe, 184, 4. 
ms&ptJ, 100, 12. 
m»j-c-pap, 182,27. 
msetin^, 224, 24. 
mset^lan, 33, 23. 
maja, 66. 11; 71,18; 79, 

27; 203,2; 204,2. 
majo, 70, 28 ; 145, 25. 
ma^o-pa^fpa, 98,2; 178, 

25; 181,2; 184,4. 
ma^o-pinc, 103, 6 ; 138, 

2; 140,15. 
nxa^^o-timbep, 68, 10 ; 

134, 36. 
ma^o-tubbop, 167, 13. 
ma^-plite, 92,17. 
man, 12,22; 19,30; 199, 

5; 227,9; 283,15. 
man-bealo, 218,27. 
maa-baeb, 29, 16. 



man-bpihren, 135, 15; 

225,20; 256,8. 
man-paelitSu, 83, 11. 
man-hu]*, 212, 7. 
man-hca, 226, 20. 
man-fcea^a, 77,2; 179, 

31. 
man-j-cylbij, 63, 7; 64, 1 1 . 
maptip, 305, 30. 
matSehan, 22, 26 ; 33^ 18. 
ma6m-liopb, 201, 6. 
mea^olLce, 211, 16. 
meap, 188, 21. 
meapc, 103, 17. 
meapc-hoj:, 181, 14. 
meapc-lanb, 181, 27. 
meapc-peapb, 188, 14. 
mece, 204, 3 ; 209, 5. 
mec^, 285, 8. 
mebu-jal, 260, 1. 
melb, 256, 30. 
meltan, 208, 16. 
mencpan, 273, 6. 
memo, 199,5. 
memien,128,13; 136,14. 
meopm^, 181, 16. 
meople, 71, 17; 215,7. 
mepe ciejre, 79, 26. 
mepe.beat$,207,9; 210,9. 
mepe-jdob,81,7; 209,23. 
mepe-huf, 78, 34; 82,18. 
mepe-hpeapf, 210, 16. 
mep€-lit5enbe, 84, 34. 
mepe-ftpeam, 51, 27 ; 

207,17; 191,5; 208, 

24; 247,27. 
mepe-cop, 208, 16. 
mep^en, 10, 11. 
mepfc, 199,4. 
mecan, 183,16; 184,9. 
mete, 45, 6 ; 50, 25. 
mete-fepiy 185, 31. 



metob, 223, 14. 
metobfceap, 104,31. 
mettel, 194,3; 245,28. 
met^el-ftebe, 203, 1 ; 212, 

20; 224,33. 
mibbanjeapb, 177, 29. 
mib-pt$ian, 104, 13. 
miht-mob, 187, 10. 
mil, 188, 20. 
milbe, 213, 8. 
mmpan, 232, 30. 
mipc, 244, 15. 
mifmicel, 201, 16. 
mijjep, 71,10; 104,30; 

141,16; 180,23. 
miyt, 25, 9. 
mob, 3, 2; 22,5; 115, 

10; 193,6. 
mob-^epmn, 169, 9. 
mob-2e)7aiic, 224, 16. 

mob-^e)7oht, 17, 1. 

mob-^e)>onc, 6, 23; 92, 
5; Hl>3; 160,6. 

mobjiaii,198,32; 206,27. 

mob-hete, 105,21. 

mob-hpa&t, 185, 17; 238, 
20. 

mobis, 178,25; 181, 2; 
184,2; 194,3. 

mob-reFa,32, 10; 247,4. 

mob-ropj, 47,3. 

mob-pse^, 209, 14. 

molbe, 251,21; 302,22. 

mon-bpeam, 71, 26. 

mon-hca, 155, 1. 

mon-pmi, 105,35; 166, 
15. 

mon-pife, 116, 21. 

mop, 181,14; 252,8. 

mop«,43,15; 45,5; 47, 9» 

mop«ep, 19,26; 47,4; 
244,23; 276,6. 



332 



VERBAL INDEX. 



moplk)p» 187, 5. 
moptSup, 284, 13. 
moft, 88, 22. 
munb, 82, 19. 
munbbjTib, 152,32; 164, 

3. 
mu{$-h%l, 213, 14. 
myntan, 308, 8. 



N. 

Nacob, 273, 12. 
nacub, 207, 29. 
n»bbpe 285, 13; 290,8. 
nsebpe, 55, 20, 32. 
na&jsLn, 179,4. 
na^an, 271, 5. 
nahte, 244, 26. 
nailer, 22, 26. 
neah, 184, 29. 
neapi^, 181,28* 
neat, 240,21. 
neapeft, 148,36. 
neh, 247, 15. ^ 
neobe, 53, 1. 
neoman, 277, 2. 
neopxna-pon^, 11, 6 ; 13, 

26; 14,12; 115,23. 
neofan, 207, 30. 
neopel, 184, 28 ; 267, 1 ; 

270,16; 271,7; 275, 

31. 
nep, 207, 20. 
nep^ean, 151, 16. 
nepjenb, 34, 11. 
nepian, 231, 3. 
ne^an, 81, 7. 
nee, 182, 11. 
ne«an, 124, 9. 
nieb, 186, 16. 
niebe, 119, 10. 



nieb-p»bla, 57, 16. 
mhcer. 159, 12. 
niht-peopmun^, 147, 2. 
niht-^epun, 72,28. 
niht-lanj, 191,2. 
niht-fcupa, 124, 10. 
niht-peapb, 185, 1. 
niotan, 15, 18; 26, 4; 

31,17. 
nipan, 94,2; 113,12. 
nipe, 200, 25. 
m«, 3, 7,20; 14,28; 69, 

14; 74,16; 75,5; 83, 

22; 120,15; 133, 9; 

234, 1 i 235, 28 ; 245, 

18; 288,7. 
mt$-jeteon, 124,26. 
mtX-het, 219, 2; 233,22. 
m^-ppa&c, 257, 28. 
nom, 41, 2. 
noma, 113, 13. 
nop«, 18, 18. 
nopt5-b8&l, 3, 8. 
noptJ-pej, 181, 29. 
nyb, 220, 17. 
nyb-boba, 207, 29. 
nybban, 230, 15. 
nybe, 185, 2. 
nyb-fapa, 191, 1. 
n^b-jenja, 255, 32. 



O. 

Oj:»c, 30,4; 31,30; 32, 
. 8; 33, 11; 35,33. 
OF-aj-ellan, 270, 14. 
open, 238, 13. 
Ofep, 37, 21;. 76, 2; 191, 
29; 226,21; 278,1. 
opepclamme, 185, 7. 
ofeppaet^mian, 247, 24. 



opepjiapan, 181,4; 245, 

14. 
opeppohten, 289, 29. 
opepjan^an, 213, 33. 
opep^yman, 295, 14. 
opepjytan, 155, 32. 
opepho^ian, 235, 2. 
opephycjan, 280, 7 ; 283, 

15. 
opephyb, 287, 20. 
opephybij, 5, 3. 
opephyj^b, 2, 21 ; 3, 1 ; 

21,22; 276,31. 
opephlipan, 145, 9. 
opeplit$an, 200, 26. 
opepmeb, 19, 19. 
opepmebla, 257, 14. 
opepmecto, 21, 30; 22, 

7,35. 
opepmob, 17,20; 22,9. 
opeptolben, 182, 26. 
opeptum, 177,15; 232, 9. 
op^ipan, 6, 30. 
opn, 229, 30 ; 230, 24 ; 

231, 7. 
opplejen, 120,27. 
oppte, 191,32. 
opptum, 161.6, 29; 195, 

26. 
opteah, 60, 12. 
oppejbe, 120,30. 
op)7mcan, 279, 32. 
opfypptan, 3, 7. 
ohc, 6, 5 ; 186, 9. 
oleccan, 19,12; 118,3. 
ombihc, 174, 17. 
ombiht-fcealc, 112, 13. 
onaeleb, 176,35;267,18; 

270,27; 284,15; 285, 

22. 
on-a^en, 109, 28. 
onbitan, 30, 21. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



333 



onbleot, 177,21. 
onceofan, 30, 9. 
onbetan, 278, 22. 
onblean, 136, 26. 
onbpyjTie, 173, 14. 
one^an, 259,25. 
onpeonb, 209, 19. 
on^eman^, 50, 15. 
on^eniman, 73, 23. 
onjeotan, 283, 7. 
onjin, 299, 9. 
on^innan, 2, 17; 3, 3; 

17, 14. 
onjylban, 19,23. 
onjytan, 148, 22; 213, 

13. 
onlia&tan,229,29; 231,7. 

onhic^an, 246, 2. 

onhm^an, 227, 3. 

onhpeab, 177, 18. 

onhpepeb, 192, 4; 208, 
13. 

onhpeopf an, 25 1 , 27; 255, 
21. 

onlaj, 23, 12. 

onlah, 38, 16; 258,25. 

onlanj, 180, 30. 

onbcnef, 25, 19. 

onlocian, 195, 18. 

onlucan, 166,24; 211,6. 

onma&bla, 291, 11. 

onmselan, 229, 1. 
' onpiht, 10, 35. 

onfacan, 230, 1 ; 244, 20, 

onfa&jan, 113,15; 172, 
11. 

onfselan, 215, 15. 

onfceocenbe, 129, 14. 

onfeon, 268, 26. 

onpjan, 189, 2. 

onpccan, 48, 1 ; 130, 10. 

onftealle, 231, 15. 



onjt:ellan, 287, 19. 
onftypian, 281, 14. 
onpinbpan, 52, 11. 
ontpeopian, 233, 2. 
onpa&cen, 26, 7. 
onpenban, 26, 1 ; 28, 5. 
onplite, 111,3. 
onpoc, 58, 2. 
onpob, 76, 21 ; 155, 27. 
on)>eon, 193, 5. 
on]>pin^an, 199, 24. 
op, 1, 11; 61,33; 153, 

32; 198,22; 224,9. 
opb,77,20; 121,3; 174, 

10; 225,30. 
opb-bana, 67, 7. 
opb-ppuma, 2, 2; 225, 

10; 266,12; 288,1. 
opette, 197, 26. 
opl»2, 259,26; 262, 19. 
opla&j-jippe, 138, 6. 
oples, 6,6; 56,20. 
oplej-ceap, 120, 13. 
oplej-peopc, 122, 2. 
opmaete, 162,22. 

oprops» 50, 5. 

optpype, 187, 21. 
oppena, 191, 7. 
oppancum, 200, 19. 
opsone, 266, 6. 
otop, 220, 19. 
opjrht, 233, 1 1 . 
op^ep, 148, 34. 
otSfs&rtan, 292, 23. 
ot$papen, 181, 21. 
ot^iepan, 34, 19 ; 44, 24. 
ot$l8&ban, 214, 15. 
of^ftanban, 246, 23. 
otSpenban, 26, 8. 
ot5}>ah, 199, 14. 
otSfpinsan, 92, 3 ; 219, 8. 



P. 

Pa«, 188,20; 208,23. 
pieman, 45, 10; 168,6. 



R. 

Racenta, 24, 3 ; 28, 1 1 . 

pacu, 81, 34. 

pab, 188, 25. 

paeb 2, 24 ; 19, 5 ; 148, 

22; 160,5; 210, 15; 

211,13; 280,4. 
paeban, 19,10; 194,32; 

216,18; 259,4. 
psebpa&jr, 257, 3. 
pa&bleap, 3, 32 ; 226, 26. 
pa&pan, 2, 18; 227,24. 
pa&r, 198,28. 
pa&p-bopa, 108, 24. 
pB&ft, 186, 5. 
pa&rpa, 99,34; 242, 11. 
paiic-ftp9&t:e, 127, 17. 
panb, 123, 22; 199, 2; 

215, 20. 
panb-buph, 207, 7. 
panb-jebeoph, 196, 24. 
panb-pija, 171,14; 185, 

21; 186,5. 
panb-pijjeub, 205, 13. 
peab, 3.31; 186, 6. 
peap, 215, 20. 
pec,3,31; 21, 17; 155,26. 
peccan, 200,20; 253, 16. 
peccenb, 252, 17. 
peccenbe, 177, 19. 
peceb, 145, 11; 150, 16; 

219, 23. 
pecene, 90, 21 ; 152, 29. 
pejn, 14, 4. 
pe^-feop, 212, 12. 



334 



VERBAL IND£X. 



penobeft, 162, 9. 
peopb, 248, 10 ; 267, 9. 
peopb-bepenb, 223, 21. 
peopbian, 161,30; 213, 

6; 269,18. 
peopbijean, 194,5. 
pepte, 157, 3. 
pe«, 271, 12. 
pe^p, 271, 1. 
pib, 11,20. 
pic, 9,28; 179,11. 
jucene, 309, 12. 
piht, 185, 22. 
p]htaii,.46, 24. 
pun-^ets&l, 85, 25; 166, 

29. 
pine, 11,15; 19,4; 177, 

7. 
pinc-jeta&l, 192, 19. 
pobop, 183, 19; 207,8. 
pobop-beopht, 239, 10. 
pobop-tunjol, 100, 21. 
pop, 19,4; 99,24; 183, 

28; 188,11. 
pom, 177,8,20. 
pomijan, 23, 15. 
pum, 10, 36; 14,3; 33, 

13. 
pome, 35, 27; 42, 14; 

75, 20. 
pum-jal, 88, 16. 
pun, 211, 12; 260, 6; 

262, 9. 
piin-cps&Fti^, 261, 31. 
pyne, 10,20,35; 239,11. 



S. 

Bee, 205,28; 214,1. 
fa&-beoph, 205, 25. 
f8&-cip, 196, 13. 



r«b, 201, 19; 221, 19;^ 
251, 12; 252,24. 

fab-bepenb, 69,33. 

fse-bpeno, 84, 16. 

fas-paeften, 185, 24. 

r».plob, 86, 28. 

fae-polbe, 14, 22. 

ra&-jpunb, 196, 9. 

r«l, 72, 14; 147, 10; 
152,21. 

f8&-lap, 215, 16. 

r»lb, 196, 9. 

r»-1eoba, 201, 18. 

pa&l-ponj, 78, 14. 

paa-man, 184, 11 ; 208,4. 

f8&-ftpeam, 193, 22. 

r»-p8&j, 240, 9. 

p»>peall, 197, 6. 

pas-picinj, 199, 3. 

pa^ona, 34, 9. 

pal, 24, 3, 15; 113, 3; 
145, 10. 

palum, 184, 13; 214,5. 

palpeb, 89, 15. 

palpij, 87, 13. 

pampopht, 102, 16. 

pane, 197, 19. 

panb, 16, 12; 196, 13. 

panj, 214, 28. 

pap, 2,33; 12,3. 

pap-peph?5, 135, 17. 

paul, 12, 14. 

papl-bpeop, 91, 13. 

pcacan, 280, 32. 

pcaB«, 120, 9. 

pceab, 8, 22. 

pceabian, 133, 10. 

pceabo, 8, 33. 

pceapt, 199, 25. 

pceal, 281, 8. 

pcealc, 230, 10 ; 273, 8. 

pcean, 185, 19. 



pceat, 32, 15; 129, 13; 

204,33; 247,25. 
pceat-pep, 124, 17^ 
pceapian, 106, 33; 156, 

24. 
pceapijan, 101, 9; 115, 

16. 
pcea«a, 35,4; 268, 19; 

269, 13. 
pceaSo, 184, 27. 
pcelb-buph, 283> 23. 
pcene, 17,26. 
pceo, 215, 21. 
pceob, 61,15; 245, 17. 
pceome, 58, 7 ; 95, 3. 
pceonbe, 95,20; 149, 3. 
pceone, 35, 3. 
pceop, 3, 16; 5, 1. 
pceotenbe, 184, 24. 
pceCSan, 273, 33. 
pcima, 232, 23. 
pcinna, 269, 12. 
pao, 67, 20. 
pcip, 184, 25 ; 185, 19. 
pcipian, 171, 12. 
pcpaep, 212, 10; 272,33; 

290, 22. 
pcpep, 266, 23 ; 269, 15. 
pcpifan, 180, 3; 304, 17. 
pcupan, 170, 13; 230,11; 

292,24; 304,21. 
pcup, 238, 5; 239, 16; 

265, 22. 
pcnp-bo^a, 93, 5. 
pcup-pceab, 50, 23. 
pcupa, 293, 15. 
pcybe, 232, 26. 
pcylb, 185, 20 ; 232, 27. 
pcylb-ppec, 55, 23. 
pcylb-hpeotSan, 184,26. 
pcylpe, 79, 4. 
pc^an, 5, 1 ; 31, 15. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



335 



realc, 199,4; 207,26. 
fealt-ftan, 154, 31. 
reapo, 39, 27; 162, 9; 

191, 23; 207, 21; 218, 

17; 243,14. 
recj, 120, 27; 124, 23; 

128,10; 154,20; 199, 

27. 
repa, 219,4; 233,2. 
rejl, 183, 10. 
rejl-pob, 182, 29. 
rejn, 142, 32; 185,23; 

188,23; 197,5; 198, 

7; 214,7; 215,17. 
resn-cymnj, 188, 22. 
rel, 246, 35 ; 267, 29. 
relb, 225, 9; 260, 19; 

262,1; 275,17. 
relp, 4, 26. 
relp-rceapt, 33, 20. 
femian, 7, 20. 
fencan, 176, 4. 
feopiepbum, 307, 26. 
reolpep, 219,25; 301,7. 
feomian, 5, 15 ; 191, 4. 
reon, 202, 11. 

reo«t5an,288,8;289, 16; 

290, 25. 
repian, 265, 29 ; 296, 6. 
red, 27, 2. 
j-etl-pab, 184, 19. 
j-eccenb, 237, 5. 
re«e, 92, 7. 
pbb-jebpiht, 191, 13. 
pb-jebypb, 114,8. 
pb-jemaej, 202, 10. 
pb-lupa, 2, 25 ; 152,3. 
pb, 120, 1 ; 194, 14. 
pbe, 299, 5. 
pene, 38, 16. 
pje, 179,11. 
pje-byme, 214, 6.. 



pje-bpihten* 33,21. 
pjelear, 20, 20. 
pjel-papu, 182, 2. 
pje-pic, 213, 34. 
pje-tibep, 203, 12. 
pje-tophc, 279, 19. 
Pjop, 4, 18; 195^5. 
pjop-lean, 176,27. 
pjop-popc, 198,2. 
pmon, 47, 23. 
pnc, 103, 28 ; 145, 9 ; 

161,14; 179,30; 219, 

25 ; 301, 7. 
pn-calb, 207, 25. 
pn-hipa, 48, 19 ; 49, 9 ; 

59,3. 
pniiiht,3,27; 7,20; 8,2. 
pt5, 5,8; 21,4; 24,16; 

177,24; 179,2; 180, 

31; 208,4. 
p«-boba, 193,21. 
p«-F»fc, 182, 25; 211,4; 

256,31. 
p«ian, 168, 16; 195,6. 
p«op, 199, 10. 
p«-pepob, 127,22. 
rlaja, 92, 7. 
rleap, 208, 28. 
rlitan, 50, 2. 
fbt$-heapb, 24, 15. 
j-nap, 239, 29. 
piiomop, 51,21. 
piottop, 201, 18 ; 202, 

16. 
pijtpo, 217,25. 
rocn, 100, 17; 102,12. 
p)inni2ean, 191, 19. 
j-ompirt, 137, 27. 
rop5, 31, 8. 
fopbj-ceapij, 276, 15. 
fopb-pc^b, 49, 8. 
ro«, 196, 14. 



ro«-qnb. 244, 10; 294, 
14. 

ro«F8ert, 1, 17; 178,9; 

237, 6. 
rpaece, 101, 22. 
rpan, 36,22; 196,13. 
rpap, 206, 9. 
fpeapc, 274, 31. 
n)eb,l,6; 36,21; 66,14; 

82,23; 100,7; 101, 

23; 144,4,32; 161, 

19; 187,19; 210,11; 

237,10; 246,14. 
rpebij, 101, 25 ; 107, 3. 
rpel-boba, 210, 10 ; 230, 

9; 245,19; 249,20; 

262, 12. 
n)eU,61,ll; 155,2; 186, 

8; 214,22; 246,15. 
rpelban, 257, 16. 
fpellun^, 304,31. 
fpenn, 29, 4. 
rpeon, 37, 12; 43,2. 
fpeone, 18, 17. 
rpeop, 170, 9. 
fpepe-mtJ, 124, 7. 
n)ilb-p«, 187, 18. 
fpiUan, 154, 22. 
fpopan, 127, 23. 
rpopenbe, 246, 14. 
fppeca, 161, 18. 
fppeocan, 269, 25. 
fppycan, 61, 10. 
rta&l, 68, 7. 
fts&lan, 81, 28. 
rtae^-peall, 83, 7. 
ftan-topp, 102, 14. 
ftapian, 273, 22. 
rta«, 215, 8. 
ftaSeban, 266,21. 
rta«ol, 196, 1; 207,28; 

251, 9i 252,21. 



336 



VERBAL INDEX. 



rtaSol-puij, 114,31. 
jt^eapef, 154, 16. 
jrebe, 23, 9. 
rtepi, 94, 2; 113, 12; 

213,10; 226, 29; 251, 

10; 252, 22; 267,10; 

302, 18. 
rtenc, 286, 25. 
fteope, 101, 17. 
rrepan, 101,2; 111,21; 

139, 7 ; 142, 21 ; 244, 

10. 
fteppan, 279, 35. 
ftician, 297, 1. 
ftiep, 4, 27. 
ftij-fitiim, 125, 14. 
rti«-j:epht5, 16, 10; 84, 32; 

101, 16. 
rtitJ-jipihp, 7, 16. 
jn«-hybij, 175,16. 
jtitJbc, 102, 14. 
rtol, 23, 28. 

rqia&te,185,2d; 282,16. 
ftpeam-fta^, 86, 21. 
ftpeam-peall, 90, 12. 
rtpenj, 4, 27. 
ftpenjo, 98, 19. 
Itpewgam, 101, 2. 
ftpitJ, 19, 1. 
ftpon^c, 288, 25. 
]t;pubaii, 260, 18. 
jrpubenbe, 154, 15. 
ftpynan, 59, 28. 
ftJiian, 150, 22 ; 204,8. 
ftypn, 4, 28. 
flit, 30, 24. 
fuhtepja, 114,9. 
pihtp^a, 106, 23. 
pilicpisa,122,20; 124,31. 
pilh-jepeopc, 66, 19. 
pinb, 198,8. 
pmb-peceb, 80, 28. 



fonnon. 111, 10. 
fonnu, 286, 14. 
pino, 97, 19. 
rurl,3,28; 5,22; 248,31. 
fufl-bona, 305, 1. 
pitJ-pej, 187, 23. 
ru«-jFinb, 196, 10. 
rp»F, 12, 2. 
rpar» 97,13; 203, 11. 
rp»renbu, 168, 7. 
rpanj, 29, 12. 
fpa fome, 270, 1. 
rpac,31,8; 60,24; 299,6. 
rpa*, 120,28; 125,10. 
fpealh, 62, 19 ; 69, 32. 
fpeaptian, 269, 24. 
fpebban, 152, 35. 
rpepan, 179,29; 209,7. 
fpepen, 225, 24. 
rpepl, 153, 19. 
rpepi, 45,1; 161,26, 
rpejrjrl, 145, 33. 
rpej, 214, 8 ; 232, 22 ; 

271, 8. 
rpejl, 182, 26. 
fpe^l-behealben, 301, 28. 
fpejl-bopn, 1, 18. 
rpejl-cynm^, 160,30. 
rpejl-p^, 184, 10. 
rpejl-topht, 2, 32; 6,27; 

305, 17. 
fpeltan, 207, 10. 
rpenj, 161, 26. 
fpeop, 208, 9. 
rpeopb, 173,22. 
fpeopb-jnjenbe, 194, 13. 
rpeot, 119, 5; 191, 25; 

199,20; 209,8. 
rpic, 120, 17. 
fpijian, 250, 15. 
fpmpjenb, 66, 8. 
rpipian, 207, 8. 



J7i«, 233, 32. 

nniSan, 119,16; 164, 18. 

rjFitJe, 4, 25. 

jTitJeb, 213, 9. 

fpiSpeopm, 106, 12. 

fpitSpepom, 1, 17. 

j7Fi6iiiob, 222, 

fpitSpian, 184, 27; 193, 

7; 207,12; 258.30. 
fpojan, 83, 5. 
rpojenbe, 154, 17. 
rpop, 193, 1. 
rpylt-baj, 74, 12. 
ryllic, 184, 17. 
rymbel, 259, 33. 
rymbel-pepij, 94,19; 159, 

26. 
rynpil, 209, 8. 
fyn-fceapa, 4, 17. 



T. 

Tacen, 93, 3 ; 195, 23. 
fcs&can, 174,29; 175,24; 

211,17; 282,29. 
can, 142,11; 295,7. 
ceala, 299, 29 ; 310,26. 
tela, 114,17. 
telje, 247,28; 248,18; 

295, 6. 
teman, 13, 1. 
tempi, 219, 26. 
tenj, 152, 29. 
teobe, 228, 25 ; 229, 13. 
teohh, 59, 6. 
teon, 114,30. 
teone, 36, 34; 54, 30; 

55,11; 113,33; 114, 

11; 137,15; 296,5. 
teonpil, 232, 4. 
teon-^ete, 191,34. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



337 



tej-o, 232, 4. 

fcibep, 175,4; 204,6. 

cibep-fceaca, 9, 2. 

tib, 9, 1. 

tib-ba&55, 71,4. 

tipep,.301, 1. 

cispir, 15, 10. 

cil,97,2; 99,11; 303,10. 

tintpeje, 296, 4. 

cip, 4, 23; 91,15; 235, 

27. 
tip-eabi^, 189, 13 ; 192, 

16. . 
CipF»rt, 64, 2 ; 181,19. 
tip-metob, 143, 7, 
ti«a, 142, 12 ; 152, 28. 
tit^ian, 152, 7. 
toa^an, 274, 1. 
tobps&^b, 161, 15. 
tobpipen, 238, 11. 
Cobps&j-ceb, 238, 11. 
topopan, 243, 11. 
to^en^bon, 52, 9. 
co-jefeon, 232, 5. 
tohilban, 124,11. 
tohtan, 56, 18. 
tohpoppen, 235, 6. 
COphfc, 4, 23 ; 248, 10. 
tophtmob, 90, 28. 
topht-pyne, 8$, 17. 
topn, 4, 24. 
tofcupm, 237, 20. 
toftapian, 260, 32. 
tofpenban, 237, 23. 
tofpepan, 237, 23. 
topeoppan, 289, 5. 
topeppan, 270, 4. 
toppecen, 235, 4. 
to«, 285,18. 
tpebbebon, 243,21. 
tpeje, 60, 27 ; 137, 15. 
tpeop, 34, 21 ; 40, 25 ; 
z 



44, 25 ; 204, 20, 27 ; 

235,26; 248.11. 
tpeopa, 41, 8; 122, 35 ; 

170,23; 201,3. 
tpeop-paeben, 139, 5. 
tpum, 213, 17. 
tpumlic, 282, 30. 
tpyinian,18,20; 130,27; 

170,7; 187,28; 249, 

23. 
tu, 268, 19. 33. 
cubbop, 56, 19; 97,16. 
tubbop-rpeb, 166, 24. 
tubbop-teonbe, 59, 5 ; 

201, 14. 
tubop, 13, 2. 
tpeon, 214, 1. 
tpeo-)>incan, 18,21. 
tpij, 187, 3; 247, 28; 

248, 18. 
tyh«, 36, 33. 
tyman, 75, 19. 
t^an, 153, 24. 



U. 

Upon, 213, 20. 

uhte, 20, 26; 289, 31; 

294, 2. 
uht-tib, 191, 17. 
iinceapunja, 262, 18. 
unbep, 162,4. 
iinbepba&c, 154, 28. 
unbep-na&jj&f, 266, 32; 

270, 15. 
unbep-ns&fpim, 273, 11. 
unbepne, 265, 1. 
imp8&le, 45, 7. 
unpeop, 177, 9. 
unpopcutSbc, 103, 9. 
unpopht,198,26; 199,7. 



unppeme, 55, 12. 
unppic^enbe, 160, 12. 
unjeapa, 289, 9. 
unjemet, 20, 23. 
unjepceab, 231, 6. 
mi'^epeob, 102, 11. 
unjippe, 149, 5. 
un^punb, 209, 32. 
unlileop. 209, 4. 
unholb, 218, 4. 
unhylbo, 45, 20. 
unhjTie, 138, 5. 
unl^el, 97, 17; 250,26. 
uiip»b,3,3; 43,33; 101, 

15; 116,16; 227,13, 
unps&ben, 60, 16. 
unpeopbian, 269, 1. 
unpiht, 259, 2. 
unpihtbom, 227, 7. 
unpim, 99,16; 194, 15; 

220, 13. 
unpima, 236, 21. 
unpcomlice, 148, 19. 
unpcynb, 263, 16. 
mxphh, 281, 13. 
unppebij, 59, 12. 
unppicienbe, 204, 25. 
untpyoptJ, 36, 33. 
iinpacbce, 258, 12. 
unpeaxen, 204, 1. 
unpemm, 148, 30. 
up, 277, 4. 
up-ahebban, 17, 14 ; 193, 

28. 
up-ape&pan, 196, 22. 
up-ateon, 208, 28. 
up-cyme, 240, 12. 
uppa&pan, 195,25. 
up-jepifcan, 206, 30. 
up-heopon, 270, 24. 
uplanj, 197, 7. 
uplic,.287, 5. 



338 



VERBAL INDEX. 



up-piban, 193,18. 
up-pobop, 179,10; 182, 

15; 205,2. 
u«e, 163,3. 



p. 

pa, 40, 5. 

pac,37,16; 40,34; 192,18. 

paban, 174.30; 197,22; 

272, 17. 
fBtb, 222,11; 256,2. 
pa&pep. 231, 2. 
p»S'3>^: 206,25; 208, 

15; 209,4. 
p»X.bopb, 81, 4. 
p»X-paBp, 196, 27. 
p8&j-U«enbe,84,9; 86,17. 
p»S-ftpeam, 197, 22. 
pa&j-fel, 82, 6; 87, 9; 

90, 16. 
p8&j-)>pea, 90,5. 
p»l-bebb, 62, 8. 
pa&l-beima, 208, 30. 
p»l-ceafe^a, 188, 6. 
p»l-clom, 128, 17. 
pa&l-bpeop, 62, 19; 67, 9. 
p»l-FyU,92,ll; 154,29. 
pael-jap, 120,5, 
p»l-Spim, 61,12; 83, 23; 

109,1; 155,26. 
p»l-5pype, 186, U, 
pa&l-hepi^e, 119,21. 
p»l-}ipeop, 219, 11. 
psBl-mirt, 206, 12. 
pa&l-net, 190, 20. 
pa&l-m«, 218, 28. 
pael-pejre, 99, 8. 
pa&l-rliht, 198, 25. 
p8el-rtop,121,4; 156,23. 
p»l-ftpeam, 78, 30, 



p»l-fpen2> 60, 25. 
p»pen, 178, 31. 
p8&pen-]>p8^, 138, 12, 
p»pneb, 166,9. 
pep, 42,31. 
p«pe, 187, 7 ; 204, 19. 
pep-jenja, 257, 25. 
pepleaf , 5,5. 
pieplosa,76,32; 145,22; 

151,4; 152,33. 
p»ftm, 193, 8. 
p»tepfcipe, 240, 19. 
paecep-fppjuc-pyll, 240, 

13. 
y»i^be, 208, 8. 
papan, 182, 20. 
pa^, 261, 8. 
palic, 271,3. 
pall, 231, 15. 
pana, 137, 11. 
panb, 29, 7. 
panbian, 250,^1. 
pann, 14,5; 119,22. 
papian, 15, 20. 
papa, 30, 12. 
pat$, 256, 33 ; 257, 26. 
pa]>em, 207, 24. 
pea, 60, 26. 
peaht, 115, 19. 
pea-lanb, 163,30. 
pealb, 174,30. 
pealban, 17, 2, 12. 
pealbenb, 17, 15. 
pealhftx)b, 211, 7. 
peallan, 37, 15. 
peall-p»ften,64,31; 195, 
. 27; 208,14. 
peall-jreap,108,8; 145,7. 
peapmlic, 238, 5. 
peccan, 13, 18; 175, 26. 
peccean, 3, 5. 
peccan, 240, 19. 



peban, 208, 27. 

yebb, 124,29; 139, 13. 

pebep, 185, 6; 237, 34; 

238, 6. 
pebep-polcen, 182, 13. 
pepan, 3, 5. 
pes, 10, 13 ; 206, 26. 
pexan,54,31; 57,27; 177, 

19; 189,5; 214,21. 
pela,27,19, 24; 216,20. 
pelm, 267,17. 
pen, 4, 5; 63,4; 188,9,30. 
penban, 262, 21. 
peo-bebb, 172, 8. 
peol, 284, 8. 
peopc,166,10; 217,18; 

218, 24. 
peopce, 3, 18; 122,18; 

168,31. 
peopcpun, 37, 23. 
peopman, 294, 9. 
peotob,.308, 14. 
pep-beam, 208, 20. 
pepeb, 225, 27, 
yejie;^, 272, 27. 
pepx8o, 105, 19. 
pepian, 190, 20 ; 195, 10. 
pepij, 185,29; 232,30; 

267,9; 285,4,25. 
pepi^ean, 192,26. 
pepijenb, 215, 25. 
peploja, 3, 16. 
pep-m«38,98,30; 101,29. 
pepob, 178, 8; 181, 23; 

218,25. 
pep-feob, 61, 2; 149, 21 ; 

162,26; 202,4; 210, 

22; 234,4. 
pert, 18, 18. 
peften, 178, 7. 
pejren-jpype, 185, 4. 
pexan, 13,1. 



Verbal index. 



339 



pi-be8, 107, 18; 108, 14; 

113,5. 
jnc, 186.4. 
ficci^ean, 181,22. 
piccunjbom, 223, 17. 
picean, 185, 3. 
pic-jreal, 183,16. 
pib, 213,5. 
pbe-peph*, 56, 2. 
pibl, 78, 16. 

pib-ma&pe, 98,14; 158,16. 
pip, 166, 9. 
pip-myne. 111, 25. 
pis, 193, 9; 216, 11; 

228, 12, 24. 
pija, 197,23; 216, 12. 
pij-blac, 190, 24. 
pij-bopb, 207, 14. 
pij-cypm, 120, 6. 
pijenb, 198,26. 
pij-leo«, 191, 27. 
pigbc, 192, 17. 
pij-pob, 125, 24. ^ 

piS-reop» 121. 1, 
piS-n«, 126,13. 
piX-rmi«, 163. 24. 
pih-jylb, 227, 5. 
piht,7,10; 16,13; 18,25, 
pdb, 257, 25. 
pilla, 106,24; 125,30. 
pille-bupne, 83, 1. 
pill-plob, 85, 10. 
piU-jebpo^op, 59, 30. 
pill-jep«, 120,31. 
pill-jerteall, 129, 20. 
pill-j^eoptop, 157, 16. 
pill-xe«ofta, 122, 14. 
pilnian, 229, 10, 25. 
pin-bupje, 255, 1 1 . 
pin-buph, 219,21. 
pmban, 27, 15 ; 183,23. 
pinbij, 237, 33. 
z 2 



pin-bpuncen, 262, 32. 
pinb-rele,284,ll; 288,23. 
pine, 72,29; 112,8. 
pineleaf, 251, 25. 
pme-m8BS,62,29; 158,31. 
pm-jal, 223, 8. 
pm-jebp^c, 155, 28. 
pinn, 17, 14; 23,29. 
pmnan, 18,24; 210, 13. 
pin-pel, 270, 21. 
pmtep, 174,34. 
pm-|»exe, 217,4. 
pipa, 178, 18; 194, 9; 

250,2,21. 
pipe, 34, 7. 
pip-bybij, 109, 2, 15. 
pipian, 35.32; 199,34. 
piFt,53,6; 178,27; 185, 

30; 222,11. 
pitan,51, 9; 252,1. 
pice, 285, 11,25; 289,3; 

295. 28. 
pit^-bpoja. 3, 33. 
pite-huf, 3,21. 
pifce-lac, 154, 12. 
pifce-loc, 146, 5. 
pice-pcpa&p, 308, 12. 
pifce-ppinj, 112,2. 
pic^a* 218, 19; 224,13. 
pitij, 179, 8; 182, 24; 

242, 30. 
pitijbom, 224, 34. 
pitob, 207, 23; 213, 12. 
pitpob, 208,31. 
pit$epbpeca, 4, 35 ; 138, 

7; 251,20. 
pi6ep-mebo, 41, 22. 
pitSeptpob, 125, 25. 
pit$papan, 214, 23. 
pi^habban, 297, 18. 
pi«hojian, 173, 20. 
plane, 208,21. 



plenco, 155, 27 ; 217,3. 
plite, 3, 15. 
plice-beopht, 103, 34. 
pliti^an, 236. 26. 
plonc, 270,21. 
poc> 65, 5. 
pocop, 79, 17. 
pob, 255, 22. 
poh, 226, 13. 
polcen, 14, 2. 
polcen-papu, 239, 31. 
pom, 211, 26; 217, 17; 

233,29; 234, 25; 274, 

20; 285,5. 
poma, 183,31; 190,21; 

223, 12. 
pom-cpibe, 39, 7 ; 282, 6. 
pom-pcylbi5, 58, 20. 
ponhyjb, 100, 33. 
ponn, 7,22; 8,4; 78,30; 

83, 13; 86, 13; 188, 6. 
pop, 180,8; 285,5, 
pop, 29, 6. 
popc-peop, 136, 18; 220, 

21. 
popb-beoc, 167, 6. 
popb-cpybe, 45, 22 ; 236, 

26; 249,28; 267.8. 
popb-jemeapc, 142, 2. 
popb-jleap, 242, 12. 
popb-pihc, 177,31. 
popn, 181, 5; 220, 24; 

269, 23. 
populb-cp»ft, 239, 1. 
populb-cymnj, 140, 29. 
populb-bpeam, 74, 10; 

180,9. 
populb-buje^, 97, 30. 
populb-peoh, 129, 12. 
populb-^epceapt, 7, 23. 
populb-jejrjieon, 71, 27 ; 

112,32; 164,19. 



340 



VERBAL INDEX. 



populb-hp, 222, 12. 
populb-m»2, 131, 18. 
populb-pice, 201, 1; 202, 

25. 
pot$, 254, 23. 
ppace, 25, 14 ; 276, 8. 
pps&ca, 3, 22. 
ppa&cca, 256, 1 . 
ppa&c-lafC, 272, 17; 276, 

14; 280,21. 
pps&cbc, 3, 17 ; 177, 31. 
ppaec-mon, 186, 12. 
ppa&c-ftop, 6, 17. 
ppa&ft, 227, 6. 
pjia&dic, 196, 27. 
pjia«,4, 30; 7,5; 11,13; 

39,25; 178,32. 
yji&iShc, 23, 7. 
pjiec, 212, 1. 
ppiban, 92, 21. 
ppi^an, 54, 13. 
ppixl, 120,5. 
ppiCian, 102, 19; 105, 

33; 114,12. 
ppohc, 6,4; 56,12; 57, 

22; 61, 3; 114, 12; 

187,6; 243,17; 287, 

19. 
ppoht-^eteme, 3, 34. 
ppohtfcipe, 100, 31. 
pubu-beam, 54, 22 ; 247, 

18,30; 248,21. 
pubu-paaften, 79, 16. 
pulbop, 3, 15. 
pulbop-cynmj, 83, 24. 
pulbopFfi&jr, 2, 30 ; 202, 

18; 234,3. 
pulbop-jaft, 176, 15. 
pulbop-sejrealb, 4, 36; 

215, 24. 
pulbop -hama, 237, 16. 
pulbop-fpeb, 6, 11. 



pulbop- topht, 8, 5 ; 167, 

21; 174,7. 
pulp, 188, 7. 
pulp-heopt. 223, 7 ; 224, 

12; 231, 14. 
punbop,250, 26; 257,6; 

261, 25. 
punbpum, 222, 28 ; 228, 

22. 
pup«mynb, 194, 10; 254, 

12. 
pylle-bupne, 14, 1. 
pylm, 115, 26; 231, 2; 

245, 16. 
pylm-hat, 156, 5. 
pynlic, 17,5; 30, 14. 
pynfum, 237, 33. 
pypb, 144, 14 ; 155, 10 ; 

205, 7 ; 206, 25 ; 224, 

6 ; 225, 4 ; 245, 30 ; 

257,5. 
pjrphta, 8, 17; 265,27. 
pypm, 212, 9; 271, 9; 

273, 13. 
pypnan, 180, 27. 
pyppert, 229, 10. 
pypt, 247. 19 ; 286, 26. 
pyptpuma, 251, 6; 252, 

20. 

Y. 

Yjrel, 288, 1. 
ylb, 138, 2. 
ylbe, 14, 19. 
ylbo,30,8, 23;.31.4,12; 

179, 13; 205,15. 
ylbpe, 234, 26. 
ymb, 86,30; 87,15; 88, 

14; 89,7; 300,26. 
ymbpanjen, 273,30; 297, 

16. 



ymbhpypft, 179, 9; 205, 

1. 
ymblyt, 265, 13. 
yppinj, 209, 13. 
7P. 4, 33. 
yppe-lap, 203, 14. 
ypFe-rCQl,98,i3; 131,14. 
ypmt5, 194, 23. 
Jrppe, 22, 17 ; 209, 26 ; 

228, 28. 
jTipinja, 56, 27. 
yj-lan, 154, 9. 
ypan, 225,31. 
yi, 195, 25 ; 205, 26 ; 

206, 21. 
ytS-lap, 215, 18. 



D. 

Dapjan, 227, 22. 

fah, 138, 30. 

fODC, 49, 22 ; 147, 20 ; 

167, ai; 177,22. 
pancian, 17, 10 ; 242, 26. 
]>aiicol-mob, 102, 24. 
fanon, 177,9. 
]ieahtian, 6, 21. 
feaple, 267, 15. 
]>eap, 160,4. 
feappa&rc, 116, 26; 161, 

8. 
)>eccan, 8, 1 ; 196, 8. 
fejii, 2, 6 ; 1 14, 23. 
fejufcipe, 46, 14. 
fell-paercen, 89, 17. 
fenben, 194, 3. 
|>enxel, 188, 24. 
feob. 195,15; 208, 21 ; 

226, 16. 
];eob-cyninj, 112, 11; 

118, 14. 



VERBAL INDEX. 



341 



feoben, 2, 7; 18,4; 183, 

5; 200,27. 
]>eoben-mabm, 26, 20. 
feob-hepje, 130, 15. 
)>eob-lonb, 106,4; 133,15. 
]>eob-m8&^en, 199, 21. 
]>eob-meapc, 187, 33. 
feobfcipe, 15, 11; 116, 

27; 211,19. 
feo-njf), 234, 19. 
feope, 166, 12. 
]>eopian, 17, 24 ; 18, 4. 
]>eop-mennen, 134, 32 ; 

135, 22. 
]>eop-neb, 235, 18.. 
)>eop-n^b, 122,21. 
ficce, 43. 1 ; 124, 20 ; 

130, 16. 
)>icbce, 44, 6. 



fijan, 290, 7. 

fiiij, 17, 13. 

]>insian, 252, 33; 292, 

28; 296,29. 
)>oliaii, 198, 18. 
fpa&c, 189,9; 198,22. 
fpa&c-pop, 122, 22. 
)>pali, 252, 34 ; 271,29. 
)>panj, 9, 9. 
)>pea, 25, 5; 136, 24; 

234, 18. 
))pea-meb,229,7; 234,19. 
fpeac, 2, 3 ; 188, 25. 
)>pea-peopc, 45, 35. 
fpift, 116, 13. 
fpifte, 135, 10. 
fpofm, 21, 18. 
fpopijean. 146, 14 ; 229, 

6. 



ppybje, 119,28. 

fpjrm, 1,16; 2,31; 5, 

12 ; 90, 8 ; 148, 1 ; 

242,26; 267,11. 
)>pympa&ft, 2, 6 ; 1 14, 22 ; 

200, 27. 
)>py«, 135,6; 199, 18. 
fupe, 187, 32 ; 199, 22. 
)>uhte, 18, 5. 
fuman, 187, 32. 
fuphbpipan, 274, 33. 
J^uphjlebeb, 231, 8. 
)>uphpaban, 245, 16. 
)>ufenb-malum, 279, 11. 
fpeoph, 145, 30. 
fyppen, 36, 26. 
fyjrpe, 9, 9. 

fyrtpo, '9, 19; 25, 6; 
148, 1. 



ERRATA. 

Page 213, line 14, mtitf-hsel is, I have no doubt, an error of the scribe for me]>el. 

243, note h,for benbaj* read benba. 

319, line 19# /or cpib read cpibe. 

323, — 22, /or jrpsetu read jrpsetpe (jrpKtii). 

318, — 33, /or byp read bype. 

329, — 23, for hyj-ja read by jje. 



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