Records of Early English Drama
2
Editorial Apparatus
PLEASE RETURN TO
RECORDS OF EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA
150 CHARLES STREET WEST
TORONTO, ONT. M5S 1K9.
ATTN:SALLY-BETH MACLEAN
416-585-4504
RECORDS OF EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA
Records of Early English Drama
CAMBRIDGE
EDITED BY ALAN H. NELSON
2
Editorial Apparatus
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
TORONTO BUFFALO LONDON
Contents
VOLUME 2
INTRODUCTION
Overview 703
Town and Gown 705
Drama in the Colleges 710
Entertainment in the Town
Ceremony 729
Cambridge Musicians 738
Institutions and Documents
Editorial Procedures 810
Notes 818
723
747
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 825
MAPS 833
APPENDIXES
1 Undated Documents 841
2 Post-1642 Documents 844
3 Reminiscences and Allusions 845
4 Allusions to Ignoramus 861
5 Topical Poems 865
6 Cambridge Play Bibliography 886
7 Casts 942
8 Chronological List of
College Performances 963
9 College Plays by
Non-Cambridge Authors 977
10 Town Plays by Non-Cambridge
Authors 984
11 Cambridge Ghosts 987
12 Saltings 996
13 Musicians 1002
14 Joseph Mead's Tutorial
Notebooks 1012
15 Music in Cambridge Plays 1024
16 Cambridge Playwrights 1028
17 Synopsis of February 1611
Riot 1030
18 Saints" Days and Festivals 1035
19 Published Illustrations 1038
TRANSLATIONS 1043
ENDNOTES 1197
PATRONS AND
TRAVELLING COMPANIES 1261
GLOSSARIES
Introduction 1295
Latin Glossary 1300
English Glossary 1330
INDEXES
Index of Members of Cambridge
University Named in the
Records 1391
Index 1437
J
Figure 1 Trinity College hall, looking toward the upper end (John Bethell Photography,
St Albans)
Overview
The modern reputation of Cambridge as a breeding ground for musicians and for
dramatists, especially satirists, has a remarkable parallel in Cambridge before the civil
war. The purpose of this collection is to make available records through which the
nature and scope of drama and secular music in Cambridge before 1642 may be
understood and appreciated. One of the earliest records, from 1314-15, concerns
Robert Pipere, possibly a town wait (Appendix 13). The terminal date, as for all RED
volumes, is 1642, the year theatres were closed in London. Though private Cambridge
performances were not proscribed by the act which closed professional theatres, this
year nevertheless marked the last performance of a college play before the civil war,
Abraham Cowley's Tioe Guardian, staged in Trinity College hall for the future
Charles !1.
Evidence gathered in this collection permits the identification of more than 400 in-
dividual college performances between 1456-7 and 1641-2 (Appendix 8). Dramatists
identifiable by name include Aristophanes, Euripides, Plautus, Seneca, Sophocles, and
Terence from the ancient world; Sixt Birck, George Buchanan, John Foxe, Willelm
Gnapheus, Thomas Kirchmayer, George Macropedius, Claude Roillet, Johannes
Ravisius, Nicholas Udall, and Hieronymus Ziegler from contemporary Europe and
Britain (Appendix 9); and numerous university authors. Some sixty original
Cambridge dramatic texts survive (Appendix 6). The most famous today is Gammer
Gurton's Needle (c 1550-1). The most famous in their time were Thomas Legge's
Richardus Tertius (1578-9), which was probably known to Shakespeare; Edward
Forcett's Pedantius (1580-1); and George Ruggle's Ignoramus (1614-15).
Cambridge plays attracted visits by royalty, including Elizabeth 1, James I, his son
Charles both as prince and as Charles , and Prince Charles, the future Charles n. The
plays were also noticed by political correspondents, including Guzmn de Silva, am-
bassador from Spain in 1563-4, and John Chamberlain, the famous letter-writer who
is an important source for the history of England in the first half of the seventeenth
century. In 1575 William Soone composed a description of Cambridge and its college
plays which was printed on the back of the Braun and Hogenberg map of Cambridge
in the Latin, French, and German editions, thus spreading the fame of the town and
its drama throughout Europe (Appendix 3). Cambridge plays attracted national
704 OVERVIEW
attention and aroused controversy on several occasions, never more than in 1614-15,
in response to George Ruggle's satirical attack on common lawyers in Ignoramus:
repercussions from the performance lasted for decades, and the word 'ignoramus'
gained a permanent foothold in the English language (Appendixes 4, 5).
Although the London professional stage is not a focus of this volume, it is well to
keep in mind that Cambridge nourished Thomas Preston, the apparent author of
Cambyses, as well as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nash, Robert Greene, and a host
of minor playwrights (Appendix 16). Cambridge records and texts include allusions
to William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson (Appendix 3, 1598; p 535), and to several com-
panies of professional actors (list of Patrons and Travelling Companies). Writers from
the London literary scene who allude to Cambridge plays include John Harington,
Thomas Nash, Francis Meres, Thomas Heywood, and John Milton (Appendix 3).
Despite the flourishing dramatic activity in its colleges, and despite its record of
supplying London with major and minor playwrights, Cambridge ultimately proved
an inhospitable venue for professional actors. Travelling companies visited frequently
under the earlier Tudor monarchs, but beginning about 1570, with support from
Elizabeth through her privy council, and later from James I and Charles I in person,
the university grew increasingly hostile to professional entertainment. From 1579-80
onward visiting troupes were often sent away, with or without payment from the uni-
versity. No visiting troupe is known to have performed in Cambridge after 1596-7.
Musicians, however, escaped the university's opprobrium. Cambridge had its own
company of town waits from the fourteenth century (though the licensing of the waits
was eventually co-opted by the university), and many civic and academic occasions
were celebrated with their music. Travelling companies of waits from other towns
visited Cambridge throughout the period covered by the Records.
The colleges often made arrangements with local musicians to supply instrumental
music for their plays. The musicians most called upon were the town waits. In 1622-3
students of Trinity College drew on the talents of their chapel musicians under the
direction of Robert Ramsey to provide vocal and perhaps instrumental music as well
for Loiola (Appendix 7). Another Cambridge musician of subsequent fame was
Thomas Mudd, who, however, was involved with plays as a playwright rather than
as a composer. Many of the more famous composers who became involved with the
plays were non-Cambridge men: William Byrd, Thomas Holmes, GeorgeJeffreys,
Robert Johnson, and John Wilbye (Appendixes 13, 15). William Gibbons, town wait
for much of the last third of the sixteenth century, was the father of Edward, Fer-
dinando, and the incomparable Orlando. But while Orlando Gibbons received his
musical education at King's College, he apparently made no contribution to the efforts
of either Cambridge playwrights or Cambridge waits.
Town and Gown
Cambridge may serve as a perpetual challenge to the biblical maxim that a house
divided cannot stand. The river Cam, which curves through the city, formed an im-
pediment to land transportation until its banks were joined, prior to the earliest written
record of the area, by the bridge which gives the town its name. Despite the bridge,
the castle and two wards on the west bank have always been somewhat isolated from
the market, the colleges, and the eight wards on the east bank. Although several of
the colleges which backed on the river constructed bridges to the opposite bank, only
one small college, Magdalene, was actually situated on the west bank, 'alone," in the
words of university historian Thomas Fuller, 'cut of from the Continent of
Cambridge.' Few important college or university buildings were erected across the
river before the nineteenth century. ! Even the river is divided into an upper stretch,
called the Granta, effectively closed to navigation by mill dams, and a lower stretch,
called the Cam, leading to the sea at King's Lynn, which served until the coming of
the railroad as the port of Cambridge.
Social divisions have proved even more notable and enduring than geographical di-
visions, for the residents of Cambridge have long been split into factions of town and
gown. In day-to-day life the division is not always apparent, but when the two com-
munities have come into direct conflict, behaviour on both sides has often been petty
and self-righteous at best, violent and even murderous at worst.
Cambridge has always been a town of the second rank, never approaching the size
or importance of a York or a Norwich, but still counting for much as the chief borough
in the county and a centre of commerce for the eastern region of England. A social
history of the town may safely begin in 1279, the year of a census which listed every
house, shop, and void place in the town. Some 535 households are enumerated in the
census, and the name of each householder is recorded. Subsequent lists and censuses
reveal a pattern of relative prosperity to the middle of the fourteenth century, stag-
nation for a century and a half beginning with the plague of 1349, and then a generally
steady increase in population from about 2,600 in 1524-5, to 5,000 in 1587, and 7, 750
in the 1620s. 2 (These figures do not include members of the university.)
Population increase in Cambridge depended largely upon immigration, mostly
from the countryside. Lying at the edge of the fens, with a reputation for dampness
706 TOWN AND GOWN
especially before local drainage projects had a chance to do their work, Cambridge
might have been a relatively safe and healthy place for the well-to-do, but was a
dangerous place for the poor: when the plague struck, as it did frequently from 1349
until well past 1642, it caused fearful depredations in the parishes inhabited by those
of lesser means. 3
The prosperity of fourteenth-century Cambridge, especially before the advent of
the plague, depended largely on the Cam, which gave access to the sea for agricultural
exports and ingress to boats which supplied goods to the town and to the university.
The town's economy became increasingly tied to the growing university, whose in-
dividual members, hostels, and colleges required servants, victuallers, stationers,
bookbinders, tailors - suppliers of a wide range of goods and services.
The favourable location of Cambridge for transportation by land and by water led
directly to the success of Sturbridge Fair, approximately two miles down river from
the town centre on the east bank of the Cam. Founded in the twelfth century, the
fair grew so immense by 1516 that it lasted five weeks, from 24 August to 29 Sep-
tember. Sturbridge Fair was described in 1589 as 'by far the largest and most famous
fair in all England,' and Daniel Defoe characterized the fair in A Tour Thro'the Whole
Island of Great Britain as the greatest in the world, surpassing those at Augsburg,
Frankfurt, Leipzig, and Nuremberg. 4
For the residents of Cambridge, to whom freedom of the town guaranteed a toll-free
booth, the fair meant at the very least a large annual infusion of goods and capital.
For the gownsmen the fair provided a convenient opportunity to stock up on supplies
for the coming academic year, which began on 29 September, the closing day of the
fair. On the negative side, the fair offered an occasion for the gathering of crowds
and hence for the spread of plague; it also posed a threat to morals, for the traffic of
men and women of doubtful virtue was notorious, and entertainers attracted to the
fair by the hope of profit might distract students from their studies, which were sup-
posed to continue even out of term. Records of attempts by the university to protect
its students from disruptive influences date from as early as 1234; in 1591-2 the uni-
versity successfully urged a precedent in a royal prohibition of tournaments dated
1270. s
Though the University of Cambridge antedated the 1279 census by as much as half
a century, the first college, Peterhouse, was not founded until 1284. Other colleges
and halls were founded in a fairly steady succession through the next three centuries:
King's Hall, Michaelhouse, Clare, Pembroke, Gonville, Trinity Hall, and Corpus
Christi in the fourteenth; Christ's (originally God's House), King's College, Queens',
St Catharine's, and Jesus in the fifteenth; St John's, Magdalene, Trinity College,
Emmanuel, and Sidney Sussex in the sixteenth. Then no more colleges were estab-
lished until the very beginning of the nineteenth century.
During medieval times students of the university were chiefly young men from
poorer economic classes who were encouraged by the church to secure an education
in preparation for serving local parishes as competent priests. The majority of these
TOWN AND GOWN 707
students lived in hostels, which were modest unendowed residence halls. As residents
of hostels the students paid for their food and lodging, often with the assistance of
the church. Colleges, by contrast, were endowed, quasi-independent corporations
composed of a head, fellows, and scholars. Though most colleges were ostensibly
founded for the benefit of poor students and made some provision for the admission
and sustenance of students of small means, from the earliest times colleges tended to
function in practice as societies of privileged graduates. 6 Wealthier students came to
outnumber poorer students and required more comfortable quarters in socially struc-
tured and formally regulated households. Though students rich and poor continued
to attend the university as preparation for the ministry, many students of greater
means came with the expectation that an academic education would help them to high
places in the secular order.
The colleges owed their survival through the difficult economic times of the fifteenth
and early sixteenth centuries both to their endowments and to the practice of admitting
paying members in excess of the number provided for by their charters or, in some
cases, in complete contravention of their charters. (Ordinary fee-paying under-
graduates were called pensioners; wealthier ones, who paid for the privilege of eating
better fare at the fellows' table, were called fellow-commoners.) With their double
advantage of large endowments and additional income from wealthy supernumeraries,
the colleges flourished as the hostels foundered. So total was the domination of the
university by the colleges that admission to the university became conditional upon
prior admission to a college; from 1586 onwards, moreover, vice-chancellors of the
university were always drawn from among the heads of colleges.7
The development of the colleges paralleled an increase in the population of the uni-
versity. Significantly smaller than Oxford University in the fourteenth century, Cam-
bridge University probably drew about even by the start of the sixteenth century with
a population approaching 1,000. A university census of 1564 put the number at 1,267;
by 1570 the population had increased to 1,630, and by 1622, to 3,050. s Comparison
with the population of the town suggests that at any given time the total population
of Cambridge was approximately two-thirds townspeople and one-third gownsmen.
Considering that many townsfolk owed an allegiance to the university as their em-
ployer, and that others were domestic servants, minors, impoverished, or in other
respects without significant social standing, the division must have seemed on both
sides closer to fifty-fifty.
The foundation of Corpus Christi College in 1352 by the united town guild of Cor-
pus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary marks a high point in the relations between
university and town. In 1381, however, less than thirty years after the foundation of
the college, the townspeople, spurred by the hostilities which gave rise to the Peasants'
Revolt, attacked the house of William Wigmore, esquire bedeii . the university,
raided Corpus Christi College itself, set fire to its muniments, and burnt university
charters and deeds, to the cries of an old woman who exclaimed in simple eloquence:
'Away with the learning of the clerks, away with it! '9
708 TOWN AND GOWN
The town of Cambridge paid a bitter price for the violence of 1381, not so much
in immediate punishments meted out to instigators of the attack as in royal mandates
which, in long succession, gave the university increasing powers over broad areas of
commercial and moral behaviour. From the fifteenth century onward the town
repeatedly sought the privileges routinely enjoyed by communities of equivalent size
and importance, but its petitions were routinely and effectively opposed by the uni-
versity. Indeed, Cambridge did not win the right to be called a city until 1951.10 The
strain between the town and the university was frequently acute, and ceremonial
occasions were sometimes marred by intemperate disputes over precedence between
the mayor and the vice-chancellor.l
The Elizabethan statutes of 1570 gave the university virtually every power it had
ever sought in its struggle for ascendancy over the town. The university's power was
usually confirmed in subsequent disputes, although the town never gave up its
demands and did regain some control over commercial activities. But the university
managed to increase its jurisdiction until almost anyone whose life touched that
of the university could claim exemption both from town law and from lay subsidy
assessments. 1-, The university also opposed the invasion of its precinct by professional
players. Since the university precinct was defined as extending first one mile and, after
1570, five miles from the town centre, this meant that no outside players whatsoever
were to be permitted in the town or even nearby.
It might be thought that if town and gown could not see eye to eye on the matter
of ceremony or entertainment, they might do so with respect to religion. Cambridge,
after all, was an important breeding ground of the English Reformation during the
1520s and 1530s. Leading academics, who reputedly gathered at the White Horse Inn
to discuss theology and reform, disseminated their new doctrines from the pulpits of
the local parish churches, and the town remained staunchly protestant ever after. 3
The town's protestantism, however, did not generally embrace radical puritan stric-
tures against worldly pleasures, nor did the local population give up its desire for sec-
ular entertainment. Thus the mayor might approve secular performances, as in
1605-6, which the vice-chancellor would subsequently suppress. On the academic
side, not all colleges embraced the cause of moral reform with equal fervour. Christ's,
the college of Milton, was famous for its puritanism; one of the more active partici-
pants in drama during the middle third of the sixteenth century, it produced no more
plays after 1567-8. Sidney Sussex, the college of Oliver Cromwell, and Emmanuel
were also puritan strongholds. But other colleges remained staunchly Anglican and
royalist, especially the three royal foundations, King's, Queens', and Trinity.
Neither religion nor moral sensibility nor allegiance to higher political authority
could unite town and gown in Cambridge. In general, the university remained high
church and royalist, the town moderately puritan and parliamentary: indeed, 'ill-
feeling between town and gown was to take on a fresh colour in the seventeenth
century and to be absorbed into the national conflict. '4
TOWN AND GOWN 709
The divisions between town and gown may seem to be belied by some of the evi-
dence in the Records. Colleges made contributions to parish dancers and players,
allowed parish lords and players into their halls on festive occasions, joined in pro-
cessions about the town, and co-operated in the reception of royal visitors. Students
attended the public performances of visiting players, and Trinity College made con-
tributions to professional players, even as late as 1592-3; conversely, townspeople
assisted with the production of college plays, not only as musicians, carpenters, and
tailors, but possibly even as stage keepers, and townspeople were occasionally invited
into college halls to watch the academic plays.
Nevertheless, the broad picture reveals more division than co-operation. From the
late 1560s the university mounted an intense campaign to rid the town of all secular
performances. By 1603-4 prohibited activities included bull-baiting, bear-baiting,
common plays, public shows, interludes, comedies and tragedies in the English
tongue, the game of loggats and the game of nine-holes, and 'all other sportes and
games.' In sum, apart from pure music, no traditional secular entertainment of any
description was officially permitted to the townspeople by the university.
In the colleges, on the other hand, entertainment was not only permitted, but en-
couraged. Comedies, tragedies, and shows were staged for the amusement of members
of the colleges and their visitors, whether fellow academics, visiting dignitaries, or
monarchs. Even if the occasional mayor or other local dignitary was allowed to witness
a college play, the use of Latin in most plays divided the academics who could follow
the plot and enjoy the wordplay from the townsmen who could merely witness the
spectacle. When the students did compose in English, the visiting townsfolk might
discover that instead of being treated as respected guests, they were the targets of bitter
satire, as Fuller reports for the performance of Club Law in 1599-1600. Thus sobriety
and self-denial were enjoined upon the townspeople, even while gownsmen sat in their
college halls enjoying plays on dark winter afternoons and evenings, warmed by blaz-
ing fires, good cheer, royal approbation, and doubtless by a deep sense that all was
right with the world.
Drama in the Colleges
History of College Drama
Since the distinctive character of entertainment at Cambridge was established by the
tastes and activities of the colleges, it is fitting that the colleges come first both in this
discursive survey and elsewhere in the collection. On the evidence provided by the
Records, it seems reasonable to divide the history of Cambridge college drama into
five periods, plus 'Antecedents' and 'Aftermath." (The documentation, of course, is
incomplete, especially before 1520; moreover, customs of one period usually held
over into the next.)
ANTECEDENTS 1342-1456: MINSTREL ACTIVITY
This period is covered principally by the account books of King's Hall and, from
1388-9, by the Peterhouse computus rolls, along with two chance survivals from Cor-
pus Christi College (1380-1, 1398-9). The Peterhouse and Corpus Christi documen-
tation reveals little more than routine payments to musicians and parish dancers, but
the King's Hall accounts vary the terminology enticingly: 'tripudiantes,' 'ministralli,'
'histriones,' 'ioculatores,' 'mimi,' 'lusores,' 'ludentes,' 'ape Ward Regis,'' fistulatores';
in subsequent years, 'buccinatores,' 'prestigiator,' 'waytes," and 'pleyars.' Although
the 'ministralli,' 'histriones,' and 'mimi' were probably musicians, along with the
'fistulatores,' "buccinatores,' and 'waytes,' the'lusores' and 'ludentes,' like the later
players, may have engaged in mimetic activity. In the absence of more specific evi-
dence, however, it is perhaps best not to speculate about the exact nature of the per-
formances on the basis of professional names alone.
1457-1510: PARISH PLAYS, COLLEGE DISGUISINGS, AND COLLEGE PLAYS
The bulk of the evidence for dramatic activity in this period comes from King's College
(founded 1441). Three kinds of dramatic activity may be distinguished:
1 / King's College offered gratuities to visiting players both from Cambridge parishes
DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES 711
and from nearby towns or counties. Local parish players are associated with St Cle-
ment's and Little St Mary's (1488-9), and with Great St Mary's (1499-1500, 1500-1).
Beginning in 1467-8, external players visited from Saffron Walden, Ramsey, Bury
St Edmunds, Madingley, Fulbourn (players of interludes), and Gamlingay. In 1456-7
the college rewarded the jester ('Burderio') of the duke of York; in 1503-4 the college
rewarded the interlude players ('lnterlusoribus') of Prince Henry.
In 1461-2 King's Hall paid both 'mimi' and 'lusores' for performances on Holy
Innocents' Day: the 'lusores' may well have been play-actors. Similarly, in 1468-9
King's College paid 'lusores' on Holy Innocents' Day for an entertainment attended
by the mayor, the twelve (members of the town council), and other distinguished
guests. Such payments continued at King's Hall into the sixteenth century; the last
payment apparently occurred in 1520-1. At King's College performances of plays by
outsiders are last recorded in 1508-9.
2/ King's College produced disguisings regularly from 1456-7 to 1489-90. These
were put on for the college's own entertainment and for the benefit of academic guests
(1467-8). Although nothing is known of the subject matter of the disguisings, they
involved music, costumes, painted fabrics, and an otherwise undefined 'apparatus'
(1473-4). Perhaps the college imitated conventions and standards for disguisings set
by royal and noble households. IS
3/ Beginning in 1465-6, members of King's College were sometimes responsible for
plays ('ludi'). Since these references are usually distinct from references to disguisings,
it is possible that the 'ludi' may have been plays in the usual sense of the term.
Undefined 'ludi' are also recorded at King's Hall in 1503-4, 1507-8, and 1508-9.
1511-45: COLLEGE PLAYS BECOME COMMONPLACE
In 1510-11 King's Hall staged a comedy of Terence, the first known play by a classical
author performed by any college in either Cambridge or Oxford. (This, however, was
not necessarily the first such play.) In 1516-17 Master Thrope of King's Hall directed
another play by Terence, performed by the boys under his tutelage.
John Fisher, bishop of Rochester, may have supplied a play of his own to St John's
College in 1521-2. Thomas Arthur of St John's wrote two plays, Mundus Plurnbeus
and Microcosrnus; Arthur's name also occurs on a bill of expenses for a play from the
early 1520s (Appendix 1 ). Clearly dated evidence of performances at St John's begins
in 1524-5.
Queens' College staged an unnamed comedy of Plautus in 1522-3. About the same
time three members of Trinity Hall, including Stephen Gardiner, took part in a per-
formance of Plautus" Miles Gloriosus. Whether these were two separate productions,
or a play at Queens' assisted by performers from outside the college, is unclear.
Christ's College, which performed plays annually from at least 1530-1, stirred up a
712 DRAMA IN THE COLLE(3ES
wasp's nest of bad feeling in 1544-5 with its performance of Kirchmayer's Pam-
machius. Meanwhile, King's College maintained its schedule of plays at Christmas
without apparent incident.
By 1534-5 St John's was performing several plays annually. In this year Richard
Wade put on a comedy, John Hatcher a dialogue, John Cheke a play by Terence, and
John Redman 'dyuerse playes.' Later, possibly the following year, Thomas Smith of
Queens' organized a production of Aristophanes' Plutus at St John's in the original
Greek, pronounced according to rules which Smith had devised in collaboration with
John Cheke. In 1537-8 St John's produced 'vii comedes' and one 'diolog in greke.'
Thomas Watson of St John's wrote his Absalom c 1539-40; it is the earliest surviving
play text composed at Cambridge. By 1544-5 play-acting had become such an estab-
lished part of St John's College life that it was institutionalized in the college statutes.
1546-64: CAMBRIDGE COLLEGE DRAMA IN ITS HEYDAY
More than a third of all known performances of Cambridge college plays occurred
in this eighteen-year period (Appendix 8). The new statutes of St John's required the
performance of 'at least six dialogues, or festival or literary spectacles' each year
between Christmas and Epiphany, and other comedies or tragedies from Epiphany
to Lent. In 1546-7 Queens' College followed suit by requiring students to participate
in comedies and tragedies, two per year as dictated in the fully revised statutes of
1558-9. In 1559-60 Trinity College formalized its practice of performing five plays
annually. Christ's College often produced two plays each year, while King's and Cor-
pus might perform one play apiece.
The majority of college plays in this period were still classical, but many were the
work of contemporary playwrights, whether continental authors (eg, Gnapheus'
Hypocrisis, 1548-9), or native British authors (eg, Nicholas Udall's Ezechias, 1563-4).
The vast majority of plays were in Latin, while a few were in English (eg, Gammer
Gurton's Needle at Christ's College, c 1550-1, apparently by William Stevenson),
with an occasional play in Greek (eg, Aristophanes' Peace, produced by John Dee
at Trinity College c 1547-8). Shows, which apparently consisted more of martial spec-
tacle than literary text, were another important part of college entertainment in these
decades.
Cambridge academic drama may be said to have achieved its acme with the visit
of Queen Elizabeth in August 1564. On three successive nights students performed
for royalty and nobility on a stage constructed in King's College chapel. A fourth play
was prepared but not performed because the queen had reached a state of exhaustion.
On the evening of the day she left Cambridge, Elizabeth agreed to watch a masque
at Hinchingbrooke, whither eager students had followed her importunately. That this
irregular performance did not please the queen does not diminish the fact that
authorized college drama had won royal approval.
The events of August 1564 may be taken as a fair representation of Cambridge
DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES
713
college drama to that date. The plays included a Latin comedy by an admired classical
author (Plautus' Aulularia), a play by a member of the university written in imitation
of a classical model (Haliwell's Dido), a play in English (Udall's Ezechias), a Latin
translation of a Greek play (Sophocles' Ajax), and a raucous masque in English,
perhaps a remnant of the old-style disguising.
1565-1612: HISTORY, SATIRE, PASTORAL
The intense dramatic activity of the 1550s and 1560s was not sustained indefinitely.
Though Jesus College produced a succession of plays beginning in 1561-2, and
Peterhouse produced several plays from 1562-3 to 1575-6, Christ's College, a puritan
stronghold, performed no plays after 1567-8. About 1587-8 dissidents at St John's
complained that the master 'hath inhibited all manner of playes.' Trinity College pro-
duced fewer plays, as did Queens', and other colleges apparently ceased regular annual
performances even if they did not stop play production altogether.
The drama that remained tended toward the historical, the satirical, and the roman-
tic. Thomas Legge's Richardus Tertius at St John's in 1578-9 and his Destruction of
Jerusalem, which was not performed, were serious though perhaps misjudged at-
tempts to turn Cambridge into a new Athens. Legge succeeded in establishing a con-
temporary reputation as a tragedian of stature; he is remembered by Francis Meres,
who put him in the same company as Shakespeare (Appendix 3, 1598), and by Thomas
Fuller, the seventeenth-century historian of the university (1578-9).
Thomas Nash describes a virtual war of the theatres in Cambridge of the 1580s and
1590s (Appendix 3, 1596). Topical satire surfaced in attacks on the mayor by Thomas
Mudd in 1582-3, and in attacks on townspeople in Club Law at the turn of the cen-
tury. Pedantius, a satire on the pedant Gabriel Harvey by Edward Forcett of Trinity
College in 1580-1, gained a national reputation (Appendix 3). The Parnassus plays
performed at St John's College from 1598-9 to c 1602-3 also belong to the satiric tra-
dition. Finally, Cambridge embraced the growing interest in romantic and pastoral
drama, exemplified by Laelia, which was performed for the earl of Essex at Queens'
in 1594-5, and by Pastor Fidus, which may have been performed at King's c 1604-5
(Appendix 6:1).
The rowdiness of dramatic satire was matched during this period by the actions of
students, who engaged in stone throwing, glass breaking, and general misbehaviour
at the plays, all of which culminated in the great play riot of 1610-11.
1613-42: SHOWCASE THEATRE
Royal and national interest in Cambridge plays was revived in 1612-13 when Prince
Charles and the elector palatine witnessed Samuel Brooke's Adelphe and Scyros in the
magnificent new Trinity College hall. In 1614-15 King James himself was offered five
plays, and actually witnessed four in as many days. He returned several months later
714 DRAMA IN THE COl LEGES
for a repeat performance of George Ruggle's Ignoramus. James commanded a perfor-
mance of Susenbrotus at Royston in 1615-16, and another of Fucus Histriomastix at
Newmarket in 1622-3 (Appendix 6:1 ). Other performances for members of the royal
family or visiting dignitaries were organized in 1622-3, 1624-5, 1627-8, 1628-9,
1631-2, 1635-6, and 1641-2. On most such occasions comedies and pastorals proved
more acceptable fare than tragedies, and English often replaced Latin.
Another kind of drama which flourished in this period was the quasi-dramatic
show. Whereas the shows of the mid-sixteenth century were often imitations of mili-
tary engagements, shows of the early seventeenth century were brief topical jokes in
verse with such titles as Locus, Corpus, Motus; Band, Cuff, and Ruff; and Gown,
Hood, Cap (Appendix 6:1).
Overall, performances during this period were fewer in number and staged in fewer
colleges. Clare and King's performed their last known plays in 1614-15, Caius in
1615-16, St John's in 1619-20, Corpus and Jesus in 1622-3. From this point onward
only Trinity and Queens' are known to have performed plays. Trinity even managed
a new play on short notice for the young Prince Charles in 1641-2.
AFTERMATH
The puritan spirit, embodied in the harsh words of Milton (Appendix 3, 1642),
brought Cambridge drama temporarily to a complete halt. Technically the colleges
may have been exempt from parliamentary prohibitions, but Cambridge was scarcely
a haven from the turmoil of the age, and plays could not easily have been performed
even if members of the colleges had wished it. In fact they did not wish it: about 1648
the seniors of Trinity College called for the cancellation of the 1560 statute requiring
annual plays (Appendix 2). In many colleges royalist fellows were ejected and par-
liamentarians appointed in their place. At Queens' the transformation was complete,
for the old college fellowship was expelled to a man.
In the late 1650s, John Andrews, before he became a fellow of Christ's College,
'contriv'd' a pastoral in a vacated room of the college. ' When the Restoration per-
mitted a return to the open production of drama, Trinity College undertook plays
with such enthusiasm that the college established a 'Comedy Room' for their perfor-
mance. 7 This room did not, as has sometimes been claimed, antedate the closing of
the theatres in 1642 (Appendix 11, c 1600); nor did the Comedy Room rival the college
hall as a theatre. In 1661-2 Queens' College paid 10s 'To ye Cooke for ye Actors at
Christmas, 's but this seems to have been an isolated payment. For the most part,
drama picked up where it had left off in 1642, the special province of Trinity College.
Conditions of College Drama
Most Cambridge college plays were financed through the college bursar; for this
reason, college accounts tend to offer the most reliable and complete evidence of play
716 DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES
Figure 2A Schematic plan of Queens' College hall, with stage of 1640 superimposed (ground-
plan courtesy of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England)
Figure 2B Schematic plan of Trinity College hall, with stage of 1612-36 superimposed
(ground-plan courtesy of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England)
DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES 717
shows, as distinct from plays, might be performed out of doors in college courts. 2
The most detailed evidence for a college stage comes from a Queens' College in-
ventory of 1639-40. A demountable theatre, built entirely of scaffolding materials,
was erected in the hall (Figure 2A). The stage platform was situated in the far or upper
end of the hall, near the dais. On either side of the stage were tiring houses, called
the 'East Tyring House' and the 'West Tyring House.' Galleries for the audience were
erected against the back wall above the stage, against the two side walls, and against
the entrance screen. Since the galleries were raised off the ground, the doors of the
screen could still function as the principal entrances and exits for the bulk of the au-
dience. 22
A parallel reference to a stage and galleries in the Trinity College accounts for
1598-9 and the university's 'Orders and Monitions" concerning plays at Trinity from
1612-13 to 1635-6, suggest that the stage at Queens' may be taken as the Cambridge
norm. At Trinity, a rail divided the audience at the lower end of the hall into two
parts, according to academic rank (Figure 2B); this rail is first mentioned in 1562-3.
The 'Orders and Monitions' make it clear that seating was rigorously hierarchical,
and that entrance to the hall was carefully controlled, especially on the occasion of
a royal visit. Elaborate seats were erected for the comfort of the visiting dignitaries,
who were meant to be seen as well as to see. In August 1564 Queen Elizabeth sat in
a special chair placed on the stage itself, against the south wall of the chapel (Figure 3).
When vice-chancellor Samuel Harsnett 'lay upon the stage' in Trinity College hall in
1614-15, perhaps seated alongside King James, he was much ridiculed by visitors from
Oxford for his presumption (Appendix 5, p 872).
It remains unclear whether the actors played chiefly to the large audience in front
of the stage or to the smaller, more distinguished audience behind. Perhaps pairs of
actors who engaged in dialogue tended to face one another, thus being visible to both
audiences at once, in profile.
Stage 'houses,' required for all comedies by Plautus and Terence, were a standard
requirement of plays written at Cambridge. 23 As early as 1522-3, for its staging of
aplay by Plautus, Queens' College provided decorations for stage houses ('ornamenta
ediurn'); the college made similar expenditures in 1545-6 ('pro erigendis domibus').
Payments for houses are also recorded in the accounts of Christ's (1551-2), Trinity
(1556-7, 1612-13), and Corpus (1581-2), while the performance of Susenbrotus at
Royston in 1615-16 required 'particions on the sides' of the stage.
The stage houses served as house fronts and discovery spaces, and were the principal
means of entrance and exit for the actors. (In addition, the stage was probably provided
with a ramp or steps for direct access: in 1540-1 Queens' College purchased five nails
to secure the steps which led to its stage.) The upper levels of the houses were used
as city walls and other raised playing spaces. At Queens' the stage houses doubled
as tiring houses, while at Trinity the tiring area was a separate room behind the upper-
end wall, accessible through a doorway.
The college stages required a team of carpenters, who spent from two to five days
718
DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES
If-
TABLE
ENLARGED
FOR
NOBLEMEN
STAGE
I
THRONE FOR
QUEEN
; . ENTRANCES .i
Figure 3 Schematic plan of King's College Chapel, with stage of 1564 superimposed (ground-
plan courtesy of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England)
DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES 721
Singing, running, and fighting; houses with multiple levels; dramatic entrances and
exits; trumpets and gunshots; coronations and pitched battles; realistic sound effects;
grotesque props - the college stage was vibrant with sights and sounds.
The presumed pedagogical nature of the dramatic enterprise in the colleges logically
implies that scholars and fellows were the principal actors in the plays, and so they
were. More than two dozen cast lists survive in manuscripts or printed copies of
Cambridge plays (Appendix 7). These cast lists reveal that actors might be recently
matriculated students or older fellows; scholars, bachelors, or masters of arts. The
cast lists also reveal that many students took part in several plays. Edmund Hackluit,
for example, who matriculated from Trinity College in 1611, had parts in Scyros
(1612-13), Melanthe (1614-15), Fraus Honesta (1618-19), and Loiola (1622-3).
Others took on prodigious assignments, as for example John Palmer of St John's, who
played the title role in all three parts of Thomas Legge's trilogy, Richardus Tertius
(1578-9). Finally, plays were normally acted by members of a single college; the only
known exceptions to this rule are Aulularia and Ajax Flagellifer, performed for
Elizabeth in August 1564 by students of colleges other than King's; and Ignoramus,
performed for James in March and May of 1615 by students of Clare, Christ's,
Gonville and Caius, Pembroke, and Queens'.
Women's parts, of course, were taken by male actors. Records of payments and
college inventories include such items as women's gowns, kirtles, and 'rede satene
sieves for a gentlewoman' (1540-1 ). Although Roger Ascham writes slightingly of the
effect, comparing unhandsome girls to boys acting in tragedies (Appendix 3, 1551-2),
the illusion could be extremely effective, as in the case of Richard Cholmley, who
acted the part of Ardelia in Leander (1598-9): 'he did it with great applause, and was
esteemed beautiful.' Not everyone approved of cross-dressing: in 1635-6 Simonds
D'Ewes 'purposelie auoided' a play at Trinity College 'because of womens apparell
worne in it, by boyes and youths.'29
Students were not paid for acting, but received some compensation in food and
drink. Actors of outstanding skill and presence might ultimately look for greater re-
wards. When Thomas Preston attracted the attention of Queen Elizabeth in August
1564 as an actor in the play of Dido, his career was assured. In a letter of recommen-
dation dated 1 July 1624, Isaac Bargrave observes that William Hutchinson, who had
played the role of Theodorus in Ignoramus nine years earlier, was 'knowen first to
ye king as an excellent Actor in Cambridge' (Appendix 4). Thomas Morgan, who it
was supposed 'would well become a woman's dress,' was advised by his guardians
to take the part of Rosabella in Ignoramus, for it was thought that 'if he played this
game well, he might winne more than could be hoped for elsewhere' (1614-15). Con-
versely, when Samuel Fairclough declined to act the role of Surda, an old woman in
the same play, he won the admiration of fellow puritans for putting principle above
career.
However much college plays may have been intended as a pedagogical resource,
Cambridge had more than its share of students who used the plays as an excuse not
722 DRAMA IN THE COLLEGES
for education, but for mayhem. The first broken glass reported, at Christ's College
in 1537-8, may have been the result of an accident, but subsequent damage was often
caused by deliberate riot, as in 1578-9 (described 1579-80), 1582-3, 1595-6, 1601-2,
1606-7, 1610- 11, 1611-12, and 1622-3. The most common damage was to window
glass, but sometimes heads suffered (1582-3), as did eyes (1622-3), a college gate
(1606-7), a wall (1610-11), and a door knocker (1611-12).
Play production was the charge of college fellows, often masters of arts. In the mid-
sixteenth century, St John's, Queens', and Trinity made play production a statutory
requirement, threatening with a fine anyone who refused the responsibility. In the
case of a royal visit great pains were taken to ensure the quality of the enterprise, as
in 1563-4 when the university assigned five of its best producers, including Roger
Kelke, Thomas Browne, and Thomas Legge, to oversee the plays.
The purchase of 'paper to write out ye bookes for ye tragedy' (1578-9) suggests
that either whole texts or individual part books were issued to the players. Some of
the surviving manuscript copies may have served as working texts, but no part books
survive. 3o Some complete texts were transcribed quickly and carelessly, others with
enormous care, as suited the purposes of the playwright or scribe.
Playwrights ran the gamut from erstwhile child prodigies like Abraham Cowley
to seasoned academics like Thomas Legge, who was both a doctor of laws and master
of Gonville and Caius when his Richardus Tertius was performed at St John's in
1578-9. Most playwrights took great pride in their work. Thomas Watson's perfec-
tionism prevented his Absalom from being printed (1539-40); John Christopherson
commissioned presentation copies of his Jephthah for prospective patrons (Appendix
6:1); Thomas Legge prepared his Richardus Tertius for publication, though in vain
(Appendix 6:1): he is said to have spent the rest of his life polishing his Destruction
of Jerusalem (1578-9). The fame of the Cambridge playwrights was not confined to
the university: Thomas Watson, Thomas Legge, Edward Forcett, George Ruggle,
Thomas Randolph, and Abraham Cowley won national reputations as dramatists of
the first rank.
Entertainment in the Town
History of Town Entertainment
The story of entertainment outside the precinct of the Cambridge colleges is more
briefly told. In the fourteenth century the united guild of Corpus Christi and the
Blessed Virgin Mary sponsored a Ludus Filiorurn Israel, about which nothing more
is known than its name (1352-3). Apart from the mention of 'visers' in 1349-50, no
additional evidence for guild entertainment survives from any period. (The activities
of Cambridge parishioners, which may have included plays, are discussed below,
pp 734-6.)
During the fifteenth and most of the sixteenth century visits to Cambridge by pro-
fessional players were commonplace. The visitors included jugglers and buffoons, 3
but also musicians and actors. The acting companies recorded in sixteenth-century
town treasurers' accounts were usually under noble patronage (list of Patrons and
Travelling Companies). The most persistent company of actors was the queen's men,
who visited Cambridge more than a dozen times from 1558-9 to 1596-7.
As early as 1568-9, and subsequently encouraged by powers derived from the
crown in 1569-70, university vice-chancellors strove mightily to enforce an absolute
prohibition of professional performances within the five-mile limit. The principal
instrument of the prohibition was a letter from the privy council dated 30 October
1575, in which the university was granted unusual powers to guarantee public order.,
to suppress distractions which might entice students from their studies, and to protect
the whole community from the plague. The university acted against plays and games
at the Gog Magog Hills (1572-3, 1573-4, 1619-20); bear-baiting and plays in Ches-
terton (1580-1, 1589-90, 1591-2); games and bear-baiting at the Howes (1579-80,
1611 - 12); shows, including puppet shows, at Sturbridge Fair (1608-9 and after); and
bear-baiting and cock-fighting within the town (1595-6, 1605-6). 32
Professional players did not accede to their exclusion without a fight. On 9June
1580 the university chancellor, Lord Burghley, wrote to Vice-chancellor John Hatcher
requesting permission for the players of the earl of Oxford (Burghley's son-in-law)
to spend four or five days in Cambridge. He promised that the players would observe
'modestie and comlines' appropriate to the place and to the academic audience.
ENTERTAINMENT IN THE TOWN 72.5
Hatcher politely refused Burghley's request, pointing out that the earl of Leicester's
players had also been turned away.
From at least 1583-4 the performances of the queen's men were also resisted by
the university. In 1591-2 this company was turned away in June, then returned during
the first week of Sturbridge Fair and succeeded in staging at least one performance
in Chesterton, across the river from the fair, despite the vice-chancellor's warrant to
the contrary, and despite his express prohibition of plays within the university's juris-
diction. John Duke and Thomas Greene, of Queen Anne's company, were refused
university permission to play in 1605-6. In 1615-16 the palsgrave's players were
accosted, their names individually recorded, and their leaders admonished not to play
within five miles of the town. In 1629-30 Vice-chancellor Henry Butts refused the
request of the chancellor, Lord Holland, that permission be given to the queen of
Bohemia's players.
In 1637-8 the university requested reconfirmation of its powers to prohibit players,
but such a need for occasional reconfirmation does not mean that the university's
wishes were often thwarted. Thus, though the lord chamberlain's players came to
Cambridge at least once, in 1594-5, perhaps with Shakespeare among them, sugges-
tions that Shakespeare's company succeeded in playing, and even presented Hamlet
at Cambridge on this or another occasion, may be viewed with some scepticism (Ap-
pendix 10). Some performers from 1579-80 onward were paid for not performing,
and others were threatened with jail if they did not depart forthwith.
Conditions of Performance
In the years before they were excluded from Cambridge, visiting professional players
probably gave at least one performance in the guild-hall, perhaps for the mayor, fol-
lowed by public performances at one or more inns. From Burghley's letter of 9 June
1580, it seems that the players intended to spend four or five days in Cambridge before
moving on. In 1591-2, probably following their usual practice, the queen's men set
up 'bills,' or posters, on the gates of the colleges to announce their performances at
Chesterton. (This is the sole evidence in the Records concerning the players' method
of advertising.)
The Cambridge guild-hall was a relatively small, two-storey building open
at ground level on three sides, with an upper hall measuring 179 feet by 22 feet
(Figure 4). 33 It was probably similar to a contemporary hall which still survives in
Thaxted, Essex. 34 Guild-hall performances by players are recorded in 1530-1,
1547-8, and 1556-7. In 1605-6 the leaders of Queen Anne's company claimed that
'masterMaior did give them absolute authoritye to playe ,tin1 the Towne Hall & did
give order to some to buyld theire stage & take downe the glasse windowes there &
did also.., give them the Key of the Towne Hall.' (The guild-hall and the town hall
were one and the same building.) This time, the mayor's authority proved meaningless
against the power of the university.
726 ENTERTAINMENT 1N THE TOWN
Figure 5A Falcon Inn yard (1875) (watercolour by W.B. Redfern: No 806, Fitzwilliam
Museum, Cambridge, by permission)
Figure 5B Falcon Inn yard (1883) (after a sketch by Thomas D. Atkinson; reprinted from
Atkinson, Cambridge Described, p 75)
ENTERTAINMENT IN THE TOWN 727
In ! 556-T John Mere records performances at the guild-hall and at two inns, the
Falcon (twice) and the Saracen's Head. In 1599-1600 Henry Pepper, a member of
Corpus Christi College, was suspended for attending an interlude at the Bear. It is
not clear from these documents whether the plays at inns were performed indoors
or outdoors. A warrant from the vice-chancellor to the constables of Chesterton in
1589-90 refers to a person at Chesterton 'in whose house or grownde ... the sayed
Players haue alredye presumed.., to playe'; similarly, a warrant of 1591-2 directed
to Chesterton forbade performances in 'roomes, houses or yardes. "3s
Like other English towns, Cambridge witnessed a proliferation of inns during the
course of the sixteenth century, but many of these inns, including all those definitely
associated with play performances, have now disappeared. The Falcon, formerly in
Petty Cury but totally obliterated in the course of recent construction, is recorded
in a painting of 1875 (Figure 5A) and a line drawing of 1883 (Figure 5B). The yard
of the Bear survives as Market Passage. The Saracen's Head was situated in Bridge
Street, in St Clement's parish; perhaps it is to be identified with the Blackamoor's
Head, located just south of St Clement's church. One surviving Cambridge inn, the
Eagle, has a galleried court reminiscent of the Falcon, but no performances are known
to have occurred there. 36
Atop the Gog Magog Hills, just over three miles south-east of Cambridge, lies the
Iron-Age hill-fort known as 'Wandlebury.' Though the outer circle is still fully visible
(Figure 6), the inner circle, which may have served as a theatrical 'round,' was oblit-
erated in the eighteenth century. 37 First mentioned in 1572-3, the hills offered a venue
for entertainment such as bear- and bull-baiting, and for the competitive sports which
Simonds D'Ewes knew in 1619-20 as the 'Olympics."
'The Howes" is a site on the Huntingdon Road, which leads north-west from the
town centre. According to his nineteenth-century editor, D'Ewes 'mentions a green
about a mile from Cambridge called Howse, an "ordinary place of recreation for all
sorts," where he played lovingly with his friends at bowls, and afterwards refreshed
himself with "such things as the cottage that standeth there could afford. ,,38 Though
nothing remains of the cottage, the name of the site is still preserved in Howes Place,
a small cul-de-sac.
Finally, Sturbridge Fair attracted players and entertainers of every sort, including
puppeteers, makers of shows, and handlers of animals including an elephant (1623-4)
and lions (1635-6). In one case the showman was accompanied by a "gatherer' whose
job was to dun the assembled crowd for coins (1613-14).
728 ENTERTAINMENT IN THE TOWN
Figure 6 Wandlebury Round, Gog Magog Hills (1956) (Ministry of Defense photograph:
British Crown Copyright Reserved)
Ceremony
College Ceremonies
Cambridge colleges have traditionally been steeped in ceremony, whether in house-
hold life (dining), religious life (chapel and liturgy), or conventions of dress (caps and
gowns). The diary of John Mere for 1556-7 provides the single best overview of the
kinds of ceremony and entertainment which might be experienced both within and
without the colleges, particularly in the days following Christmas. Mere records per-
formances by a company of musicians; two college processions including lords of
Christmas and drummers; the shooting of guns; a show in Trinity College court with
waits, guns, and squibs (fireworks); a classical Latin comedy; and professional plays
in the town.
MUSIC AS ENTERTAINMENT
Sharing the tastes and traditions of prosperous contemporary households, colleges
secured the services of musicians to play reveilles on winter mornings and to enliven
meals in the hall. Visiting bands of musicians might play whenever they happened to
be in town, but Cambridge waits usually performed on designated college feast-days:
St Nicholas' Day (6 December)
Gonville Hall (1556)
King's College (1450-5)
St Stephen's Day (26 December)
Peterhouse (1396-1642)
St John the Evangelist's Day (27 December)
Clare (1549-58)
St J ohn's (1534-1634)
Holy Innocents" Day (28 December)
King's Hall (1456-1545)
Sunday before Circumcision
(variable: 26-31 December)
Corpus Christi (1467-1554)
730 CEREMONY
New Year's Day (1 January)
Pembroke (1557)
Purification Day (2 February)
Clare (1574-89)
Jesus (1568-1642)
King's College (1472-1642)
King's Hall (1395-1465)
Magdalene (1576)
Trinity College (1554-9)
Ash Wednesday
(variable: 4 February-10 March)
Christ's (1532-82)
Annunciation Day (25 March)
King's College (1593-1642)
St John before the Latin Gate Day (6 May)
St John's (1595-1633)
Corpus Christi Day
(variable: 21 May-24 June)
Corpus Christi (1555-9)
Trinity Sunday
(variable: 17 May-20 June)
Trinity College (1559, 1593)
The day of the waits' performance has not been established for Emmanuel, St
Catharine's (St Catharine's Day, 25 November?), Sidney Sussex, or Trinity Hall. In
1518-19 and 1519-20, musicians performed at Queens' College on the feast-day of
its patron, St Margaret (8 July). In 1553 and 1559 Trinity College celebrated its college
feast, with music by the waits, at Christmas; but the accounts do not make it clear
whether this was Christmas Day or another day in the Christmas season.
Many colleges paid the waits or the town trumpeter for a performance on the day
of the royal accession (17 November, 24 March, and 27 March for Elizabeth, James ,
and Charles respectively), and, from 1605-6 onward, on Gunpowder Conspiracy
Day (ie, Guy Fawkes' Day, 5 November).
Certain colleges also hired musicians to perform at commencement time. Thus
King's College hired the Norwich waits on commencement day in 1562-3, and simi-
larly hired one Hookes, a singing-man of Ely, on commencement day in 1575-6. Trin-
ity College celebrated commencement with sackbuts and cornetts in the chapel in
1601-2.
MOCK OFFICERS
During the latter part of the fourteenth century Cambridge students made a practice
of parading through the streets with a captain and a mock chancellor, mock proctors,
732 CEREMONY
requested, among other things, that no lottery be used in the college. Apparently the
complaint had no effect, for in 1610-11 the lottery was still in use: Robert Brooke
borrowed a stage keeper's suit from Trinity College 'about Snt Iohns lotterye at Twelfe
tyde last past.' No other entry in the Records sheds light on the event, but the account
of a lottery at Coventry in 1618 reveals that lotteries might entail supplementary cere-
monies: 'when any prize was woone there was one that should blow a trumpett ...
If it were a great prize yen a man should Carry it in his hand alonge the streetes to
ye parties howse yat did winne it with a trumpett & a drumme going before the party
yat bare the prize .... ,41
SALTINGS
College saltings were freshmen initiation ceremonies complete with quasi-literary
texts. They are recorded from as early as 1510 to as late as 1639. Perhaps through a
misunderstanding, they have been treated by Bentley,Jacobean and Caroline Stage
Ocs) and by Harbage and Schoenbaum, Annals of English Drama (liED), as if they
were plays. Saltings are discussed at length in Appendix 12.
University Ceremonies
MUSIC AS ENTERTAINMENT
University ceremony also included elements which were not strictly academic or litur-
gical. For the general commencement, usually held on the first Tuesday in July, the
university sometimes provided music, as in 1549-50, when it hired the choir of King's
College. In 1591-2 the university erected a 'new Musicke stage' in Great St Mary's
Church, probably for the same purpose. In 1599-1600 the stage was set up for music
on 17 November, the anniversary of the queen's accession. The performance was by
the choirs of King's and Trinity. The university also paid an occasional trumpeter (eg,
1605-6), and may have been able to command the services of Cambridge musicians
licensed as university waits from 1564-5 to the end of the period covered in the
Records.
Ceremonial activity on the occasion of royal visits was organized mainly by the uni-
versity. Payments to musicians and trumpeters are recorded for the visits of 1563-4,
1577-8 (Audley End), 1612-13, and 1614-15.
PRAEVARICATIONS
Praevarications were comic speeches delivered in the course of commencement exer-
cises, and meant as burlesques of the serious academic ceremonies. They were per-
formed before the whole university, often in the presence of official guests. Thomas
Randolph's praevarication of 1631-2, of which an excerpt appears in Appendix 5,
CEREMONY
733
belongs to the lively tradition of Cambridge verse satire, further exemplified by the
topical poems cited or noted in the same appendix. 4z
Town Ceremonies
PROCESSIONS
In his diary for 1533-4 John Mere noted that 'a pon the chyrche halyday & allso a
pon allhallowday the... Mayre wente a processyon wythe the waytes playnge before
hym.' He does not name the church holiday, but it may have been Corpus Christi
Day, the most spectacular annual event of Corpus Christi College and probably of
the town, dating from the period of the foundation of the college in 1352. In the pro-
cession, which Thomas Fuller describes at length, the master of the college walked
'in a Silke-Cope under a Canopy, carrying the Host in the Pixe, or rich Boxe of Silver-
gilt.' Ahead of the master walked the alderman of the guild (as master of ceremonies)
and the elders of the guild, while behind him walked the vice-chancellor, members
of the university, the mayor, and the burgesses. The procession was abrogated in 1535,
one year after the entry in Mere's diary. 43
TOWN MUSIC
The Cambridge waits were so prominent in the life of the town that they have been
consigned to a separate section (pp 738-46). Here it need only be noted that since
the town paid its waits by annual salaries or livery, only extraordinary performances
are recorded in the town treasurers" accounts. In 1543-4, for example, the waits twice
went about the town with the mayor, first in May to celebrate the English victory
at Edinburgh, then in September to celebrate the victory at Boulogne. Individual pay-
ments to a town trumpeter, perhaps not a regular employee of the town, are
commonplace in the seventeenth century: Samuel Biam blew many a blast for the
town, the university, and the colleges from 1613-14 (?) to 1637-8. Often the occasion
for his performance was Gunpowder Conspiracy Day (5 November), or the day of
a royal accession.
MUSIC AT FAIRS (THE LORD OF TAPS)
Cambridge musicians were active in at least two of its ancient fairs. 44 At Sturbridge
Fair a town musician performed the office of the lord of taps. First noted in 1582-3,
the office is described in that year as of long standing. The lord of taps' principal duty
was to open and close the fair each day by sounding upon his instrument. Another
aspect of the office is revealed in a petition of 1606-7 by merchants from London,
who requested a new lord of taps 'finely conceyted with Iestes to make vs merrie.'
In 1637-8, and doubtless long before, the lord of taps wore a fool's coat, a feathered
734 CEREMONY
hat, and a belt from which dangled his 'tapps,' presumably for beer kegs. He also car-
ried a staff and a battleaxe. 4s In 1612-13 he kept a booth where bread and beer were
sold.
Though the lord of taps apparently started as a town tradition, the university even-
tually claimed the right to appoint or at least confirm the holder of the office by virtue
of its jurisdiction in the fair. John Pattyn, who served as lord of taps for many years
before his death, was replaced in 1582-3 by William Bird, master of the university
waits. Randolph Howorth was appointed lord of taps in 1617-18, though he was first
proposed for the position in 1606-7. In 1637-8 Richard Willyams, a Cambridge musi-
cian, came up against the objections of the university when he attempted to fill the
vacancy left by the recently deceased John Lyon without the approval of the vice-
chancellor.
The fair at Reach was traditionally proclaimed by the mayor of Cambridge on the
Monday of Rogation week. In the seventeenth century various Cambridge musicians
were paid by the town for services there.
TRAVELLING MUSICIANS
Visits by travelling entertainers, who stopped in Cambridge during the whole of the
period covered by the Records, are noted in the list of Patrons and Travelling Com-
panies. Visitors included the waits of Calais, Derby, King's Lynn, Kingston upon
Hull, and Nottingham; trumpeters of the king and other members of royalty or the
nobility; and, occasionally, individuals or companies without a patron.
Visiting entertainers often performed in the guild-hall, or else in the residence of
the mayor or another official of the town. The earliest recorded indoor performance
before town officials was in 1488-9, by the company of the earl of Oxford.
Parish Ceremonies
DANCERS
In 1343 Great St Mary's Church was appropriated by King's Hall. 46 This event is re-
flected in the very first entry cited in the Records: the college gave 2d to their new
parishioners for dancing. Though the occasion is not specified, subsequent records
connect Great St Mary's parish dancers with the annual dedication feast of the church,
which may normally have been celebrated in the summer. 47 Beginning in 1364-5
King's Hall also incurred an expenditure in connection with All Saints' Church, again
on the day of the dedication. Although the purpose of the payment is not explained
in the account, many subsequent payments are again to parish dancers. Similarly,
Peterhouse paid dancers from 1403-4; these were from Little St Mary's, originally
the Church of St Peter, which served as the college chapel until 1632. Once more,
CEREMONY 735
subsequent payments for dancing are associated uniquely with the dedication of the
church.
Although the exact nature of the dedication ceremonies remains uncertain, some
details can be supplied. The dancers at Little St Mary's are identified as girls ('puellae')
from 1429-30, and by inference as early as 1414-15. One time only, in 1434-5, the
recipients of the Great St Mary's dedication feast expenditure are identified as youths
('Iuuenibus'). Dancers were not the only recipients of dedication day gratuities: often
minstrels or waits were paid in place of or in addition to the parish dancers.
KINGS AND BISHOPS
The King's Hall accounts for 1386-7 yield a set of payments, unmatched elsewhere
in the Records, to a king and a bishop of All Saints' Church and to another king and
bishop of Great St Mary's Church. The bishops are associated in both instances with
St Nicholas' Day, implying boy-bishops, or at least parish bishops. The kings are as-
sociated in both instances with the feast of St Edmund, presumably the king and mar-
tyr, celebrated on 20 November. By inference the kings were boy-kings or at least
parish kings. At Great St Mary's the king was accompanied by a 'famula,' a female
servant.
St Edmund's Day was the occasion of entertainment in 1362-3 and in 1364-5. In
1467-8 King's College spent 6d on wine for the dancers of the hostel ('hospicio') of
St Mary. As before, the occasion was the feast of St Edmund. Thus the ceremony may
have continued, though barely noticed in surviving accounts.
PLAYERS
In 1488-9 King's College made a contribution to players ('lusoribus') of St Clement's
on 3 July, and a similar contribution to players of Little St Mary's on 4 August. In
1499-1500 and in 1500-1 the college made contributions to parishioners of (Great?)
St Mary's, 'playing and gesturing" ('ludentibus & gestantibus'), the first year on 30
June, the second year on 1 July. No clear pattern emerges except that the performances
tended to occur during the height of summer, on or about 1 July.
HOCKTIDE COLLECTIONS BY PARISH WOMEN
Springtime in Cambridge saw still another ceremony, the collection of money at
Hocktide by parishioners of Great St Mary's, as recorded in the accounts of King's
Hall from 1470-1 to 1537-8.4s The 1508-9 accounts of Holy Trinity Church record
a single Hocktide collection amounting to 2s 8d; in 1510-1 l the women visiting King's
Hall are described as coming from All Saints' Church as well as from Great St Mary's.
The St Mary's churchwardens' accounts from 1517-18 record collection receipts of
736 CEREMONY
22S 3d. Thus the women must have approached many donors in addition to King's
Hall, which normally gave no more than 12d.
LORDS AND LADIES OF CHRISTMAS
In 1508-9 members of Holy Trinity parish mounted a Christmas-tide collection drive,
which went on for twenty-two successive nights, each night at the home of a different
parishioner. Among the hospitable parishioners were Thomas Brasbrege, designated
lord of Christmas, and Wylford's wife, designated lady.
Other parish lords are recorded in subsequent years. In 1534-5 Corpus Christi Col-
lege was visited by the lord of St Edward's parish. A similar set of payments for 1525-6
supports the supposition that this was a tradition of some standing. Again in 1539-40
the college was visited by 'ye lorde of mysrule.' In 1552-3 the lord of Holy Trinity
parish, presumably the lord of Christmas first recorded in 1508-9, visited Christ's
College at both Christmas and Candlemas. The college freshened its hall 'whan ye
christenmas lordes came at candlemas to ye colledge with shewes.' The shows were
given by the lord and his 'compaignie'; when Christ's College was visited on 23 May
of the same year by the lord of St Andrew's parish, the lord was once again attended
by his 'compaignie.'
Royal Visits
Royal visitors were received chiefly by officers of the university, with the active par-
ticipation of individual colleges; town officials normally played only a minor role.
Though royal visits are recorded from the fourteenth century onward, 49 only those
beginning with the 1564 visit of Queen Elizabeth are of consequence in the Records.
The following is a list of notable visits by monarchs or noblemen to Cambridge or
nearby sites from 1564 to 1642; all were the occasion of play performances except 1614
and the first visit of 1624:
1564
1571
1578
1595
1613
1614
1615
1615
1616
1623
1624
Elizabeth l, 5-10 August
Elizabeth (Audley End), 27 August-3 September
Elizabeth (Audley End), 26 July-c 1 August
Essex and other noblemen, 26 February- 1 March
Prince Charles and the elector palatine, 2-4 March
James (Audley End), 19-21 July; (Royston), 21-2 July
James and Prince Charles, 7-11 March
James and Prince Charles, 13-15 May
James and Prince Charles (Royston), 11-14 March
James , 12 March (from Newmarket)
James (Royston, including a visit to Cambridge), c 18 July
CEREMONY 737
1624
1628
1629
1632
1636
1642
James ! and Prince Charles, 8-17 or 18 December
Charles l, 1-3 March
Lord Holland (chancellor), and French ambassador, 23-5 September
Charles and Queen Henrietta Maria, 19-20 March
Elector palatine (informal visit), 4-5 February
Prince Charles, 12 March; with Charles (briefly), 14 March
Cambridge Musicians
History of the Cambridge Waits
The Cambridge waits, properly so called, were musicians in the employ of the town. 50
Most records refer to a single group of town waits, but the picture is sometimes com-
plicated by references to competing groups of musicians, and to musicians of the uni-
versity. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the town and the university were
usually served by one and the same company, but from 1582-3 to 1590-1, and perhaps
at other times, the two institutions were served by different companies of waits.
Each member of an organized group of musicians in Cambridge, whether the official
town waits or a rival group, seems to have occupied a designated position in the com-
pany: first the master wait; then two or more 'men' or 'servants,' named in a given
order; and finally apprentices. In the rare instances where movement can be detected,
as for example in 1627-8, the second wait advanced to become master at the former
master's death, the third wait became the second, and so forth. In one instance, how-
ever, the first or master wait resigned his mastership in favour of an outsider (1566-7).
More often than not the Cambridge waits were composed of three men, sometimes
with two apprentices, but the numbers varied from time to time. In 1450-1 the waits
increased from three to four, while in 1554-5 Benet Prime's company consisted of
himself and four men, for a total of five. In 1563-4, at the time of the royal visit by
Queen Elizabeth, the number of town waits' collars apparently increased from three
to five; certainly William Gibbons received five collars when he became master wait
in 1567-8. At Stephen Wilmott's death in 1627-8 the university waits consisted of
five men and two apprentices; Wilmott's death reduced the group to four, and by
1641-2 John Browne's company was apparently back down to three.
The names Robert le Pipere, John Pipere, and Thomas Pipere occur in fourteenth-
century Cambridge records, once in a context suggesting musical activities (1342-3);
perhaps these men were from a family of town waits. The earliest reference to town
waits as such occurs in the King's Hall accounts for 1362-3. Although the activities
of the waits are recorded frequently throughout the fifteenth century, no more names
are available until 1495-6, when King's College incurred a charge on behalf of one
Daltun under circumstances which suggest that Daltun may have been a town wait.
740 CAMBRIDGE MUSICIANS
mastership of the town waits may have passed from Prime's widow to Jerome the
piper.
The fate of Prime's company under Jerome's mastership is unknown. If this com-
pany did become the official town waits, its tenure was brief, for on 29 September
1559 an entirely new group consisting of Robert Graystocke, John Hewarden, and
John Murton was certified as the town company, receiving the official waits' collars.
By the time of Queen Elizabeth's visit in August 1564, Hewarden had become master,
while Murton advanced to the position of second wait. Since the town provided two
new collars to the waits, it seems likely that the size of the company was now increased
from three to five.
In the accounts of St John's College for 1564-5 the title 'vnyversytie waites' occurs
for the first time in the Records; but since the payment covers both this year and the
year previous, it is possible that the university first licensed waits under its own juris-
diction in connection with the royal visit which occurred in the year 1563-4.
At some time before 26 March 1566 William Gibbons of Oxford settled in Cam-
bridge, s2 On 23 November he made an agreement with Hewarden, now called 'blind
John,' to become 'thuniuersitie wayth. 'A year later, on 3 November 1567, Gibbons
made a separate agreement with the common council to serve as town wait; then on
25 November he received five silver collars from the town. The gap of a year between
the two acts of confirmation suggests that a master who would serve both the univer-
sity and the town would now need the separate approval of each.
Gibbons appears to have retained the mastership of the Cambridge waits until 29
September 1576, when the silver collars were delivered into the keeping of Murton.
Gibbons remained in Cambridge until 1583 as keeper of an inn and a dancing school,
and then returned to Oxford to serve as master wait for that university town.
John Murton apparently served as master wait from 1576-7, but his mastership may
not have been an entire success. In 1577-8 and 1578-9 colleges were making payments
not to Murton, but to Richard Graves, a subordinate member of the company, ss By
1582-3 another company, under the mastership of William Bird, seems to have
secured the title of university waits. (This was not the William Byrd of subsequent
fame. ) Over the next decade Bird's university waits played at most colleges, including
Christ's, Corpus, Jesus, and Trinity. Only King's College is known to have remained
loyal to Murton and his town waits. At Murton's death in early 1588 the mastership
of the town waits appears to have passed briefly to Thomas Lutt, who died in early
1590.
On
15 September 1588 William Gibbons resigned the mastership of the Oxford
waits, s4 He subsequently returned to Cambridge with his complete band, taking on
a new man, John Andrewe, at Easter 1590. By 1591-2 Gibbons seems to have secured
for a second time the mastership of both the town waits and the university waits. This
coup obviously threatened the livelihood of native Cambridge musicians. William
Bird fiercely resisted Gibbons' takeover, publicly proclaiming on 21 June 1590 that
Gibbons had been 'banished oute of Oxford for his evell behavior,' and that some
CAMBRIDGE MUSICIANS 743
the order was shortlived, for payments were made both in this year and in subsequent
years in the normal amount.
Most colleges established regular patterns of payments to waits. The following list
gives information from the Records for periods during which payments were uniform
from year to year. The list should be taken as a guide and not as a rule in every case.
From To
Christ's
1530-1 1542-3 8d
1570-1 1587-8 5s
1588-9 1638-9 6s8d
Clare
1552-3 1558-9 12d
1574-5 1609-10 3s4d
Corpus Christi
1469-70 1569-70 12d
1554-5 1596-7 3s4d
1598-9 1617-18 5s
1618-19 1641-2 10s
Emmanuel
1597-8 1620-1 5s
Jesus
1564-5 1641-2 6s 8d
King's College
1476-7 1594-5 2s
1595-6 1620-1 2s 6d
King's Hall
1485-6 1526-7 12d
Magdalene
1574-5 1575-6 2s
1581-2 1605-6 2s6d
Peterhouse
1411-12 1445-6 12d
1450-1 1641-2 16d
St Catharine's
1622-3 1641-2 2s6d
St John's
1534-5 1549-50 2s
1557-8 1575-6 2s6d
1595-6 1632-3 6s
744 CAMBRIDGE MUSICIANS
Sidney Sussex 1600-1 1633-4 6s
Trinity College 1562-3 1609-10 8s
Trinity Hall 1586-7 1640-1 1 s 8d
The waits received additional sums from the university or from the colleges for
extraordinary performances, including for college plays. While most colleges paid the
annual wages out of the treasury, Christ's College transferred the burden to individual
members (Appendix 14).
Still more income might be derived from performances outside Cambridge, though
it seems clear that the Cambridge waits did not travel as widely or as often as many
other companies of civic waits, s8 A company of Cambridge waits which had agree-
ments with the colleges, the university, and the town doubtless had sufficient work
at home.
The agreement of 1627-8 reveals that the members of the company were 'equall
shearers' and that the men had 'equall pane' with the master 'of all receipts & gifts
whatsoeuer giuen them for there Musicke or wages." The company also bore equal
charges for the repair of all instruments which belonged to the company as a whole.
From at least as early as 1498-9, the waits were provided with silver collars as a
symbol of their office; a pledge from substantial citizens guaranteed their safe return.
These collars were not the property of the waits, however, but of the town.
INSTRUMENTS
The 1627-8 agreement between Stephen Wilmott's widow and the surviving waits
shows that some instruments were owned by the waits as a corporate body, while
others were the property of individual members of the company, s9 Benet Prime, at
the time of his death in October 1557, owned ten 'pypes of sondry sortes,' one sackbut,
seven viols and violins, a flute, a 'neste' of 'vnperfyte' viols, and 'vnperfytt regalles'
(a portable reed organ). In 1561-2 the town purchased 'an instrument callyd a
bumbard," doubtless for use by the town waits. In 1565-6 William Gibbons sued
William Mason over his indebtedness in regard to 'a tenor hoeboye.' William Bird
or his servant, John Chapman, owned a shawm: in 1590-1 Bird protested that William
Gibbons had broken the staple and the reed of this instrument, and that the waits were
thereby prevented from playing for a period of three days. Both Stephen Wilmott and
his successor, John Browne, were sackbut players. At his death in 1640, William
Tawyer owned a pair of virginals, five viols great and small, two violins, one sackbut,
two citterns, and a cornett. Edmund Salter, at the time of his death in 1657, owned
three lutes and three cornetts.
Clearly, the principal instrument of the town waits was the shawm: wait pipes were
746 CAMBRIDGE MUSICIANS
While Michael Palmer and Seatree had been involved with independent companies
of musicians, they and others may have earned a living as college chapel musicians,
free-lance performers, or teachers: Joseph Mead's notebooks (Appendix 14) reveal
that during this period certain students paid money to musicians, doubtless for private
lessons.
Institutions and Documents
Most of the documents which provide evidence for dramatic and secular musical per-
formance in Cambridge may be logically assigned to a local institution, whether col-
lege, university, town, parish, or guild. The following descriptions of Cambridge
institutions, including documents and archives, are organized accordingly.
Institutional documents are listed under the institutions to which they logically
belong rather than under the archives or libraries where they are currently housed.
Thus, for example, a petition and a list of complaints by members of St John's College
are listed and described as college documents even though they are currently housed
in the university archives. Similarly, letters written by vice-chancellors which now
reside in the British Library and royal mandates which now reside in the Public Record
Office in London but which were intended to have statutory force in the university
are listed and described as university documents.
Documents which cannot logically be assigned to a particular Cambridge institution
are described separately: these include certain court or diplomatic documents, both
English and foreign; private correspondence; personal reminiscences; and antiquarian
collections and histories. To enable the reader to locate document descriptions where
the category is not obvious, marginal codes have been supplied as a finding aid: see
Symbols (vol 1, pp xv-xvi) for explanations.
Formal descriptions include full information on the present location of each docu-
ment. For all university and college archival documents, the archives themselves are
given as the location, regardless of where the archives are currently housed. The dis-
cursive introductions indicate the current physical location of each archive. For I'Ro
documents, machine-stamped foliation is always preferred over manual foliation
where the two co-exist. All documents cited in the Records and in Appendix 1 are
described in detail; documents which appear only in the other Appendixes or in the
Endnotes are briefly noted in the places where they are cited.
The Colleges
Unless otherwise noted, the following surveys of Cambridge colleges are based on
Victoria County History, Cambridge (Yen), vol 3, pp 334-498. In general, only
748 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
histories written since the publication of the vc'u are noted in the surveys; vcu may
be consulted for older college histories.
Throughout this collection colleges are listed alphabetically rather than by seniority.
Corpus Christi College is usually called Benet College in the Records. The college
of Gonville and Caius, alphabetized under Gonville, is often and more familiarly
referred to as Caius College. Though Clare, Gonville, Pembroke, and St Catharine's
were historically called halls, all are now designated as colleges. Collectively the prin-
cipal officers of all colleges are called heads; individually all Cambridge heads are called
masters except at King's, which is governed by a provost, and at Queens', which is
governed by a president. The head of King's Hall was called a warden.
Of the two principal institutions which were transformed into Trinity College in
1546, King's Hall is treated here as a separate college, whereas Michaelhouse is briefly
discussed under Trinity College. Downing College, the present custodian of impor-
tant town documents, was not founded until 1800 and is therefore not described.
The most important college documents for identifying dramatic performances are
bursars' accounts, which often mention plays under such headings as 'Necessary
expenses' or 'External expenses.' Supplementary collegiate references may occur in
statutes, inventories, tower books, and miscellaneous documents. Tower books were
notebooks kept in the treasury, which was often located in the tower, for the purpose
of signing valuable college properties out and back in again. Tower books are one
manuscript source in which cancellation has positive implications, for a cancelled entry
implies that the costumes and props were checked out, used in a production, and safely
returned.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE
Founded as God's House in 1439, Christ's College was refounded under its current
name in 1505. At first this college served principally as an institution for training gram-
mar school teachers, but in the sixteenth century it gave up this distinctive purpose
and prepared its students for regular university degrees like all other Cambridge col-
leges.
Dramatic activity is recorded at Christ's from 1530-1 to 1567-8, but since the first
reference occurs in the first extant account, plays may well have been performed earlier
than 1530-1. Christ's eventually became the most puritan college in Cambridge,
which may explain why performances apparently ceased for good after 1567-8. (This
was the college of Milton, who inveighed against college plays, reserving his strongest
words for those actors who were also prospective divines (Appendix 3, 1642).) Despite
its puritanism, Christ's continued to support the town waits and in 1614-15 joined
other colleges in making contributions toward the plays organized to entertain James I.
Christ's remains famous among drama historians for its production in 1544-5 of
Thomas Kirchmayer's antipapal Pammachius, which gave rise to bitter epistolary
skirmishing between Vice-chancellor Matthew Parker and Chancellor Stephen
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 749
Gardiner, bishop of Winchester. This college was also the source of the English-
language play Gammer Gurton's Needle, published in 1575 but probably written in
the early 1550s. Now thought to be from the pen of William Stevenson, Gammer
Gurton'sNeedle is the only Cambridge dramatic text still widely read by students of
English literature (Appendix 6: !).
The college archives are maintained in a dedicated room in the tower. A typewritten
handlist entitled 'Christ's College Archives' is kept by the college archivist. Letters
between Stephen Gardiner and Matthew Parker concerning the college production
of Pammachius in 1544-5 are described among the vice-chancellors' letters (pp 790-1).
The tutorial notebooks of Joseph Mead, also maintained in the archives, reveal finan-
cial details of undergraduate student life including payments for comedies, saltings,
waits, and music lessons, for the period 1613 to 1638 (Appendixes 12, 14).
Accounts
Christ's College Archives, B1/I-7; 1530-1639; English; paper; c 300 leaves per volume;
c 300ram x c 200ram; 1-3 foliated, 4-7 paginated (often incompletely or erroneously); bound
in reversed calf (some modern rebinding in leather) over boards; B 1/6 bound in tooled leather
with flap and buckle, boxed.
B1/1 neat accounts 1530-43 B1/4
B1/2 neat accounts 1545-57, BI/5
rough accounts ! 570-83 B 1/6
B1/3 neat accounts 1557-80 B1/7
rough accounts ! 585-1604
neat accounts 1581-1609
accounts ! 609-26
accounts 1622-39
Neither neat nor rough accounts survive for 1543-4, 1544-5, and 1580-1. Where B 1/6
and B 1/7 overlap, from 1622-3 to 1625-6, it is unclear which is the neat and which
is the rough hand. B 1/7 is cited in preference to B 1/6, although a variant from B 1/6
is noted for 1622-3.
Tutorial Notebooks of Joseph Mead
Christ's College Archives, T. 11.1-4; 1613-38; English; paper; 156 to c 230 leaves per volume;
295-310mm x 95-100mm; foliated (some volumes incompletely; foliation of T. 11. ! begins
on 20th leaf, foliated as 19); stiff parchment binding.
Dates are given from the beginning of the first quarter to the end of the last quarter
covered by each notebook, but within a given notebook not all students' records are
complete for the entire range.
T.11.1
T.ll.2
T.11.3
T.11.4
24 June 1613-24 March 1621
25 March 1621-23 June 1625
24June 1625-24 December 1632
25 December 1632-24 March 1638
750 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
CLARE COLLEGE
Clare College was founded in 1326 as University Hall, but since 1346 has been called
by the name of its benefactor, Elizabeth de Clare. (The historical Clare Hall, officially
designated Clare College in the nineteenth century, must be distinguished from the
modern graduate institution called Clare Hall, which is a recent foundation.)
Some of the college's early muniments were destroyed in a fire of 1521. Surviving
accounts contain no payments for drama within the college, but frequent payments
to entertainers. The first two account books, covering the years 1549-50 to 1610-11,
record annual payments to the Cambridge waits, while the third, covering 1612-13
to 1641-2, preserves no town waits' wages but frequent payments for the university's
entertainment of official guests.
The total absence in the accounts of any reference to college plays sorts oddly with
external evidence such as Thomas Nash's description of a satiric attack on Gabriel
Harvey and his two brothers, probably in the 1580s (Appendix 3, 1596); the perfor-
mance of Club Law c 1599-1600; a play riot at the college (1611-12); and George
Ruggle's Ignoramus (1614-15). In addition, like Queens', the college seems to have
had an 'acting chain ber" (1614-15), perhaps a room set aside permanently for the stor-
age of costumes and the rehearsing of plays. In contrast to other colleges, Clare on
at least one occasion financed a play not through the college bursary, but through
assessments on individual members of the college. A letter to the vice-chancellor in
1615-16 reveals that those who financed Ignoramus expected to be repaid not by the
college, but by the university. The cast list for Ignoramus (Appendix 7) reveals another
unusual circumstance: actors were drawn not only from Clare, but from Christ's,
Gonville and Caius, Pembroke, and Queens'.
Ignoramus, staged not at Clare but in Trinity College hall, was the most notorious
play ever performed at Cambridge. King James returned to Cambridge for a second
viewing; Ruggle's satire on lawyers provoked a spirited reaction in the form of poetic
repartee and a prose tract (Appendixes 4, 5). The college library preserves George Rug-
gle's personal copy of Gian Battista della Porta's l.a Trappolaria (F. 8.20), the source
for Ignoramus: the few insignificant notations to the copy in Ruggle's hand, however,
have been rendered even more insignificant by cropping. The library also preserves
a manuscript copy of Ignoramus, not in Ruggle's hand.
The college archives have been maintained in a muniments room under the care of
the bursar. The college recently appointed an archivist who is arranging a new reposi-
tory. A preliminary catalogue is in preparation. Described in uMC, and by Emden,
p xvii.
Accounts
Clare College Archives, Safe A:1/16; 1549-70; English; paper; 194 leaves; 415mm x 160mm;
modern pagination; bound in stiff parchment and boxed (spine missing, back broken); outer
edges of early leaves deteriorated.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 751
Accounts
Clare College Archives, Safe A: 1/2; 1571-1611 ; English; paper; c 300 leaves; 405ram x 145ram;
unfoliated; bound in stiff parchment and boxed, title on spine: College Accounts Michaelmas
1571-Michaelmas 1610. A loose gathering, 1570-1 (415mm x 155ram), has been placed in the
front of the volume.
Accounts
Clare College Archives, Safe A: l/3; 1612-70; English; paper; c 300 leaves; 400ram x 168ram;
unfoliated; bound in stiff parchment (spine missing, back broken), title on spine: Michaelmas
1613-Lady Day 1670. A gap of about a year occurs between this and the previous volume.
CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE
Corpus Christi College, formerly also called Benet College (sometimes spelled Bene't,
from St Benedict), was founded in 1352, the creation of the united town guild of Cor-
pus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Until 1535 the college participated in the
civic Corpus Christi procession (p 733). Fragmentary college accounts for 1380-1 and
1398-9 contain payments to musicians. Subsequent accounts from 1457-8 reveal that
the tradition of hiring entertainers, including the town waits, continued essentially
unbroken through 1641-2.
Although not a single text nor even a title of a Corpus Christi College play survives,
substantial dramatic activity is recorded in the accounts for 1550-1 to 1557-8, for
1575-6 to 1581-2, and for the individual years 1596-7 and 1613-14. The Punter
incident, reported in 1579-80, confirms a production in 1578-9 complete with stage
keepers; similarly, the Evans incident points to a production in 1582-3.
Chapter book entries for 1621-2 and 1622-3 suggest that the college plays at this
late date were satires in English. In the first of these two years members of the college
denied that their recent plays had cast aspersions on the duke of Buckingham or on
the recently fallen Francis Bacon. Despite this denial, the college agreed to perform
no more plays in English except at Christmas or at the feast of the Purification and
the day or days preceding this feast; all plays, moreover, whether in English or in
Latin, had to pass the prior censorship of a senior official of the college. This legislation
strongly implies that a performance occurred as late as 31 January 1623, but whether
plays were staged after that date is not known.
The college archives, maintained in a dedicated muniments room, are mainly un-
catalogued except for estate deeds. A full catalogue is currently in progress. Described
by UC, and by Emden, pp xviii-xix.
College Accounts 1398-9
See Corpus Christi Guild Minutes (p 801).
Accounts 1
Corpus Christi College Archives; 1376-1485; Latin; paper; 228 leaves; 290ram x 100ram;
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 753
repaired, rebound in stiff parchment. Also known as Master John Botwright's Book:
Botwright's expense accounts occur on ff 37-78.
Liber Communarum
Bound in at the back of Accounts 2 (see above); 1516-61 ; Latin; paper; 36 leaves (four gather-
ings); 315mm x ll5mm; foliated.
Chapter Book
Corpus Christi College Archives; 1569-1626; Latin and English; paper; ii + c 132 + iii;
418ram x 270ram (352mm x 205ram); ink pagination irregular as a consequence of rebinding
(1-154, 259-64, 273-82, 291-2, 155-79, 190-256, plus odds and ends recently bound in);
bound in half-leather, title on spine: C.C.C.C. CHAPTER BOOK 1569-1626.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE
Emmanuel College, established during several years of negotiations and planning, was
dedicated in 1587, though its earliest undergraduates matriculated in 1584. Bursar's
accounts contain payments to musicians from 1597-8 to 1641-2 but no evidence of
college involvement in drama, apart from payments for the comedies of other colleges
in 1614-15, 1628-9, and 1631-2.
Though Emmanuel's puritan tendencies may well have precluded dramatic perfor-
mances within the college, several play texts are attributed to college members:
Clytopbon, apparently written by William Ainsworth c 1625 and Pseudomagia, by
William Mew c 1626 (Appendix 6:1). Unfortunately, the bursar's accounts which
might have shed light on performances are missing for the period 1622-8. Masquerade
du Ciel, c 1640, probably by John Sadler, may be a closet play (Appendix 6:3). (For
a doubtful ascription of Leander to Emmanuel, see Appendix 6:1.)
The college library contains an extensive collection of college plays, among which
only Pseudomagia is at all likely to have been performed at Emmanuel. The college
muniments, housed within the college library, are listed in a typescript catalogue.
Described by HMC.
Bursar's Accounts
Emmanuel College Archives, BUR.8.1; 1591-1621; English; paper; 122 leaves; 345mm x
108ram; pencil pagination (rectos only); bound in reversed calf over boards, spine broken,
title on p 1 : A book of expenses ....
Accounts generally follow half years. They are defective for part of October 1594 to
12 October 1597, and for October 1598 to October 1603. The second half of the vol-
ume consists of inventories.
Bursar's Accounts
Emmanuel College Archives, BUR. 8.2; 1628-1720; English; paper; c 300 leaves; 390ram x
754 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
150mm; unfoliated; bound in stiff parchment, recently repaired. Original first leaf, headed
'Expences since September 29 (1628)' bound in as second leaf by error.
Steward's Accounts
Emmanuel College Archives, STE. 15.1; 1627-37; English; paper; c 75 leaves; 315mm x
208mm; unfoliated; binding missing, some leaves loose, boxed.
GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE
Gonville and Caius College, founded as Gonville Hall in 1349, was refounded under
Dr John Caius (pronounced 'keys') in 1557, whence its name is often shortened to
Caius College. The statutes of 1573 forbade attendance at plays outside the college
but allowed private plays; nevertheless, there is no evidence that Dr Caius counte-
nanced plays in the college during his tenure.
After Dr Caius' death in 1573 the mastership passed to Thomas Legge, who held
the post until 1607, not without controversy. 61 Legge composed two plays while mas-
ter of Caius, but his Richardus Tertius was performed by St John's College (1578-9),
while his $olymitana Clades, or Destruction of Jerusalem, possibly intended for St
John's, was never produced at all (Appendix 6:3). (Legge's likeness is preserved in
a funerary statue in the college chapel.)
While the Punter incident reported in 1579-80 refers to a Caius College stage keeper
in the previous year, no other evidence points to performances at Caius during Legge's
tenure as master. Bursar's books, which survive from after 1609, contain only a single
reference to a performance in the college, a comedy in 1615-16. The only surviving
play text which has been associated with this college, Euribates, probably by Aquila
Cruso, is therefore assigned tentatively to this date (Appendix 6:1).
A recent history of the college is Christopher Brooke, A History of Gonville and
Caius College (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1985). The college archives are maintained in
a dedicated muniments room. The Registrum Magnum catalogue of 1657-1976 is sup-
plemented by card catalogues of estate deeds, maps, and architectural plans. Described
in HMC; by John Venn, Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College, vol 3
(Cambridge, 1901), 263-70; and by Emden, p xviii.
Bursar's Book
Gonville and Caius College Archives; 1609-34; Latin and English; paper; iii + 768 + iv;
335mm x 200ram; not foliated (64 numbered gatherings of twelve leaves each); 20th c. binding
in half-leather and buckram over boards.
Statutes
Gonville and Caius College Library, 755/370; 1573; Latin; parchment; i + 34 + i; 280ram
x 185mm (210mm x 132mm); foliated; bound in stamped leather over boards, with ties, spine
repaired with reversed calf.
756
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
boy-bishop, which was celebrated on St Nicholas' Day (6 December) from at least
1450-1 to 1534-5 (p 731).
Unparalleled evidence of dramatic activity survives for King's College from the sec-
ond half of the fifteenth century. The college was visited by players from local and
distant parishes, by amateur and professional musicians, and by such professional
companies as the king's players. The college also produced its own disguisings on an
average of once every three years from 1456-7 to 1489-90, and produced its own plays
from 1465-6 (pp 710-11).
Henry Medwall, a King's College scholar from 1480 to 1483, is the first English
playwright known by name. During the 1490s Medwall composed Fulgens and Lucres
and Nature for his patron, John Morton, chancellor of England and archbishop of
Canterbury. Medwall's plays, evidently performed for Morton's household at Lam-
beth Palace, may be as close as we will ever get to the fifteenth-century disguisings
and plays at King's College. 63
Christmas plays were common fare at King's during the first half of the sixteenth
century. In Edward Vl'S protestant reign the college transformed liturgical garments
into playing gear, but in 1552-3 and 1554-5, in the Catholic reign of Mary, the college
changed the garments back to their original use.
A sensational production of Euripides' Hippolytus in 1552-3 featured thunder,
lightning, and live hunting dogs, but the college's greatest dramatic triumph occurred
in 1563-4, during Queen Elizabeth's visit to Cambridge. King's was responsible for
two of the four plays prepared for the event. The traditional stage which the college
erected in its hall was deemed insufficient by the queen's surveyors, who at their own
expense built a huge stage in the magnificent King's College chapel.
After 1564 performances are occasionally recorded at King's. PastorFidus, by an
unknown author, was evidently performed at King's about 1604-5 (Appendix 3),
while in 1606-7 the college produced two English comedies. The last known produc-
tion by King's was Phineas Fletcher's Sicelides, staged in Trinity College hall for the
visit of James ! in 1614-15 (Appendix 6:1).
The college archives are maintained in a dedicated muniments room. A handwritten
catalogue, drawn up in 1808, has been updated from time to time. Some unsorted items
in storage boxes are listed in a recent, handwritten notebook; further cataloguing is
in progress. Described by 1-1MC; by John Saltmarsh, 'The Muniments of King's Col-
lege,' c'ls: Proceedings, 33 (1933), 83-97; and by Emden, pp xix-xx.
Libri Communarum
King's College Archives; 1447-1664; Latin; paper; most c 300mm x c 110mm, from vol 12
onward size becomes more variable: smallest 290mm x 105mm, largest 435mm x 170mm;
mostly unfoliated; originally separate booklets gathered into volumes, bound in leather
over boards; many bindings broken, some volumes recently rebound. The booklet for
1549-50, which escaped being gathered into a larger volume, retains its original stiff parchment
cover.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 757
The Liber Communarum series is organized as a sequence of weekly accounts. Since
most volumes are unfoliated, excerpts transcribed in the Records are identified by
the week in which they occur. Thus 'Christmas' means that the item occurs in Christ-
mas week, while 'Christmas + 5' means that the item occurs in the fifth week after
Christmas.
Those parts of vols 8 and 9 which record provisions rather than commons are omit-
ted from the following list. The list is otherwise complete to 1539-40, but then skips
to 1614-15 for the only subsequent item cited in the Records.
1.1 1447-8 7.2 1483-4
1.2 1450-1 7.3 1484-5 (defective)
1.3 1451-2 8.6 1487-8
2.1 1455-6 9.1 1486-7
2.2 1459-60 9.2 1488-9
2.3 1460-1 9.5 1490-1
2.4 1461-2 10.1 1494-5
2.5 1462-3 (defective) 10. 2 1495-6
3.1 1466-7 10.3 1498-9
3.2 1468-9 11.1 1511-12
4.1 1471-2 11.2 1513-14
4.2 1472-3 12.1 1517-18
4.3 1475-6 12.2 1527-8
5.1 1476-7 13.1 1528-9
5.2 1477-8 13.2 1529-30
6.1 1479-80 14.1 1534-5
6.2 1481-2 14.2 1539-40
6.3 1482-3 25.5 1614-15
7.1 1482-3 (continuation)
Mundum Books
King's College Archives; 1447-present; Latin; paper; 295mm x 110mm (vols 1-7), 305mm
x c210mm (vols 8-27); foliated through vol 9 only; originally separate booklets gathered into
volumes, bound in reversed calf over boards, spines repaired.
1.1 1447-8 4.2 1466-7
1.2 1448-9 5.1 1467-8
2.1 1449-50 5.2 1468-9
2.2 1450-1 6.1 1469-70
2.3 1453-4 6.2 1472-3
2.X 1454-5 (fragment) 6.3 1473-4
3.1 1456-7 7.1 1476-7
3.2 1457-8 7.2 1478-9
3.3 1458-9 8.1 1482-3
4.1 1465-6 8.2 1488-9
758 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
8.3 1489-90 11.1-5 1535-46 (except 1537-41, 1542-4)
8.4 1492-3 12.1-5 1547-53 (except 1550-1)
8.5 1496-7 13.1-5 1553-8
8.6 1498-9 14.1-5 1558-9 (except 1559-60)
9.1 1499-1500 15.1-5 1564-9
9.2 1500-1 16.1-6 1569-75
9.3 1502-3 17.1-6 1575-81
9.4 1503-4 18.1-6 1581-7
9.5 1506-7 19.1-6 1587-93
10.1 1507-8 20.1-6 1593-9
10.2 1508-9 21.1-6 1599-1605
10.3 1509-10 22.1-6 1605-11
lObis. 1 1510-11 23.1-6 1611-17
10.4 1515-16 24.1-6 1617-24 (except 1619-20)
10.5 1518-19 25.1-6 1624-30
lObis.2 1524-5 26.1-6 1630-6
10.6 1532-3 27.1-6 1636-42
A broken series of Particular Books from 1548, bound in stiff parchment, very incom-
plete in earlier years, contains the rough accounts which were subsequently transferred
to the Mundum Books.
College Accounts
King's College Archives; 1450-1604; Latin; paper; 300mm x 110mm (vols 1-4), c 455mm x
c 150mm (vols 5-6); unfoliated; originally separate booklets gathered somewhat haphazardly
into volumes by size, bound in reversed calf over boards, spines broken.
The bulk of the booklets are bursar's accounts and provosts' accounts from 1455-6
to 1490-1. Other booklets include payments for 'stipendarij' (probably mercenary
soldiers) sent to the king at Northampton on 4July 1450, a Liber Stauri 1503-4, and
a college inventory 1598. Bursars' accounts form the basis of contemporary Mundum
Books.
Inventory
King's College Archives; 1506-84; Latin and English; paper; ii + 194; 310mm x 212mm;
foliated to f 115; bound in stiff parchment (somewhat decayed), with broken ties. Contains
many separate inventories.
Statutes
King's College Archives; 1443; Latin; parchment; vi + 59 + ii; 318mm x 225mm (180mm
x 110mm); foliated; bound in double limp parchment (boards apparently lost).
Hatcher's Book
King's College Library, Misc. 74/1; 1661; English; paper; 193 leaves; 356mm x 232mm;
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 761
113-32
133-45
146-51
Volume3
1-27
28-49
50-53
54-75
76-82
83-91
92-103
104-21
122-35
Volume 4
1
2-4
5-9
10-14
15-36
37-54
55-70
71-87
88-106
107-121
122-158
Volume5
1-17
18-40
41-52
53-71
72-87
88-100
101-12
113-25
126-44
145-65
166-84
Volume 6
1-14
15-35
36-56
1365-6
1366-7
1370-1
1389-90
1388-9
1387-8(fragment)
1386-7
1384-5
1385-6
1383-4
1382-3
1377-8?
cover of 1390-1
undated list of books
repoorium, 1361-2
undatable fragments
1393-4
1395-6
1394-5
1396-7
1390-1?
1397-8
1398-9
1387-8(continuation)
1399-1400
1402-3
1403-4
1413-14
1405-6
1409-10
1408-9
1410-11
1411-12
1412-13
1415-16
1414-15
1416-17
57-79
80-103
104-21
122-39
140-53
Volume7
1-16
17-34
35-53
59-72
73-92
93-110
111-29
130-48
Volume8
1-17
18-39
40-60
61-86
87-111
112-38
Volume9
1-30
31-59
60-92
93-123
148-73
Volume 10
1-27
28-50
51-81
82-116
117-52
153-75
Volumell
1-32
33-60
61-85
86-117
118-49
1417-18
1418-19
1419-20
1420-1?
1421-2
1422-3
1423-4
1424-5
1425-6
1426-7
1427-8
1428-9
1429-30
1430-1
1431-2
1432-3
1433-4
1434-5
1435-6
1436-7
1437-8
1438-9
1439-40
1440-1
1441-2
1442-3
1443-4
1444-5
1445-6
1446-7
1447-8
1448-9
1449-50
1451-2
1452-3
762 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
150-76
Volume 12
1-31
32
33-4
35-59
60-87
88-122
123-68
Volumel3
1-43
44-50
51-80
81-106
107-22
123-61
Volumel4
1-34
35-64
65-88
89
90
91-116
117-42
Volumel5
1-28
29-58
59-86
87-106
107-22
123-7
128-59
Volume 16
1-26
27-46
47-74
1453-4
1454-5
miscellaneous receipts,
probably for Trinity College
property c 1546
1455-6 (cover only)
1456-7
1457-8
1458-9
1459-60
1460-1
1462-3
1464-5
1463-4
1466-7
1465-6
1467-8?
1470-1
1469- 70 (fragments)
1470-1 (fragment)
undated rough notes
1471-2
1473-4
1472-3
1474-5
1475-6
1476-7
1478-9 (partial duplicate)
inventory of college
valuables 1477-8
1477-8
1478-9 (full version)
1479-80
1480-1
75-99
100-23
Volumel7
1-27
28-49
50-70
71-100
101-26
Volumel8
1-25
26-47
48-68
69-93
94-122
123-50
151-80
Volumel9
1-27
28-48
49-77
78-102
103-46
147-77
178-207
Volume20
1-27
28-60
61-91
92-115
116-49
150-85
186-212
Volume 21
1-38
39-72
73-87
88-124
125-57
158-83
1481-2
1482-3
1493-4
1515-16
1485-6
1484-5
1483-4
1486-7
1487-8
1488-9
1489-90
1490-1
1491-2
1492-3
1494-5
1495-6
1496-7
1497-8
1498-9
1499-1500
1500-1
1501-2
1502-3
1503-4
1504-5
1505-6
1507-8
1508-9
1514-15
1513-14
1512-13
1511-12
1510-11
1509-10
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 763
Volume22
1-38 1517-18
39-68 1518-19
69-98 1519-20
99-134 1520-1
Vo|ume23
1-33 1521-2
34-70 1522-3
71-104 1523-4
105-33 1524-5
134-70 1525-6
171-84 1526-7
Volume24
1-39 1528-9
40-72 1529-30
73-116 1530-1
117-60 1532-3
161-84 1527-8
Volume25
1-44 1534-5
45-80 1535-6
81-118 1536-7
119-51 1537-8
Volume26
1-38 1539-40
39-77 1541-2
78-123 1542-3
124-60 1543-4
161-97 1516-17
MAGDALENE COLLEGE
Magdalene College was founded in 1542 on the remains of a decayed institution called
Buckingham College. (The name is pronounced 'maudlin'; the final 'e' serves by mod-
ern convention to distinguish the college from Magdalen College, Oxford.) Magdalene
began as the poorest of all Cambridge colleges and retained this dubious distinction
for virtually all of the period up to 1642. Payments to musicians, probably Cambridge
waits, occur from 1575-6 to 1587-8, and again from 1599-1600 to 1605-6. Magdalene
contributed to the support of Cambridge plays for James ! in 1614-15; this is the only
record in which the college is mentioned in connection with plays.
Magdalene's archives, maintained in the college library, are catalogued in a type-
script list entitled 'Hand List of Official Archives' (1980). Described by UMC'.
Register
Magdalene College Archives, B/421 ; 1575-1695; English; paper; 264 leaves; 290mm x 190mm;
numbered by openings (left-hand page designated 'a,' right-hand page 'b'); bound in leather
over boards, spine repaired, title on spine: MAGD. COLL. REGISTER No. I 1575-1695.
PEMBROKE COLLEGE
Pembroke College, founded in 1347, was called Pembroke Hall until modern times.
Only five entries from the college account book are cited in the Records, and each
is of a different kind. An uncancelled entry of 1569-70 and a cancelled entry of 1571-2
record payments to waits: John Mere's diary of 1556-7 gives substance to these
764 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
entries, for Mere notes that the waits played for the college feast on New Year's Day.
A unique entry in the accounts gives evidence of a college play in 1585-6. While
no other internal records point to the college's involvement in drama, university
records show that Thomas Mudd, a Pembroke student and subsequently a musician
of some prominence, brought notoriety to himself and to his college in 1582-3 when
he was committed to the Tolbooth prison for poking fun at the mayor in a play. The
Miles Moses affair of the same year reveals that the play was performed in the college.
In 1614-15 the college contributed to the entertainment of James l, and in 1632-3
to the costs of plays for the royal visit during the previous year.
Philip Kynder's lost Silvia and two lost plays by William Holies, including a Latin
play of unknown title and an English comedy called The Country Court, were perhaps
all closet dramas (Appendix 3, 1615; 1640).
The college archives, maintained in a dedicated muniments room, were catalogued
by Gilbert Ainslie (1843-6) and are listed in an 'Index of Documents.' Described by
utc, and by Emden, p xvii.
Treasury Accounts
Pembroke College Archives Max; 1557-1642; Latin and English; paper; ii + c 340 + ii;
420mm x 275mm; foliated to f 200; bound in stamped leather over boards, hinge broken, title
on spine: TREASURY ACCOUNTS 1557-1642.
PETERHOUSE
Founded in 1284, Peterhouse is the oldest of the Cambridge colleges. For most of
its history it has also been among the smallest. The college statutes of 1344 discouraged
the fellows from watching plays and other frivolous games. Nevertheless the
Peterhouse computus rolls, which constitute the second most important sequence of
early Cambridge bursarial documents after the King's Hall accounts, reveal that the
college supported music and later drama within its own walls. The computus rolls
record annual payments to the waits of Cambridge from 1396-7 to 1641-2. During
this 245-year period, the amount was adjusted only once: from the 12d recorded
through 1445-6, the amount was raised by 1450-1 to 16d. From at least as early as
1429-30, and by inference as early as 1414-15 or even 1403-4, the college gave money
to girls of the parish church of Little St Mary's for dancing at the church dedication
feast. (This church served the college as a chapel until 1632, when a chapel was built
within the college walls.)
Five plays and perhaps a sixth are recorded for Peterhouse. Four are noted in the
computus rolls for 1562-3, 1571-2, 1572-3, and 1575-6. A fifth reference occurs in
the churchwardens' accounts of Great St Mary's for 1567-8. A sixth play may have
been performed about 1580-1 : according to Thomas Nash, members of the college
put on a satire called Dunsfurens or Dick Haruey in afrensie: 'Whereupon Dick (ie,
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 765
Richard Harvey, the brother of Gabriel) came and broke the Colledge glasse
windowes; and Doctor Perne ... caused him to be fetcht in, and set in the Stockes
till the Shew was ended' (Appendix 3, 1596). Although the incident may be a fabri-
cation, the computus roll of 1577-8 confirms the existence of the college stocks, while
evidence from other colleges confirms both the cruelly satirical nature of many plays
during the last decades of the sixteenth century and the frequent breaking of glass
windows.
The Peterhouse archives are kept in a dedicated muniments room, where they are
maintained by the college archivist. Described by HMC; by T.A. Walker, A Biographi-
calRegisterofPeterhouse Men, vol 1 (London, 1927), vii-viii; by Emden, p xv; and
by [Roger W. Lovatt], 'The Early Archives of Peterhouse,' Peterbouse Record
(1975-6), 26-38.
Computus Rolls
Peterhouse Archives; 1374-1642; Latin; parchment; mostly rolls of several membranes serially
attached; length variable, width generally 350-80mm (widest 460mm), full skins 1562-3 to
1624-5 (c 940mm x c630mm) folded lengthwise and rolled; membranes not numbered; rolls
for 1522-3 and 1544-5 defective.
Rolls survive for the following years:
1374-5 1438-9 1462-3
1388-9 1441-2 (defective) 1463-4
1396-7 1445-6 1464-5
1403-4 1447-8 1466-7
1411-12 1450-1 1469-70
1414-15 1455-6 (defective) 1470-1
1415-16 1456-7 1472-3
1417-18 1457-8 1474-5
1424-5 1458-9 1488-9
1425-6 1459-60 1491-2
1429-30 (possibly 1430-1 ) 1461-2 1493-4
1499-1567(except 1505-6, 1507-10, 1511-12, 1513-16, 1517-18, 1519-20, 1524-6, 1528-9,
1531-2, 1534-7, 1541-2, 1543-4, 1548-50, 1552-8, 1560-1, 1565-6)
1568-1642 (except 1621-2, 1627-8, 1630-1)
A duplicate roll for 1593-4 was formerly marked 1598-9. A copy of the 1622-3
account occurs in the college register. The rolls employ a tabular format from 1635-6
onward.
Statutes
Peterhouse Archives; c 1344; Latin; parchment; 16 leaves; 310mm x 210mm; bound in
766 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
soft parchment with cloth wrapper, sewn with 3 cords sealed on the outside, stored as a
roll.
QUEENS' COLLEGE
Queens' College claims to have been founded by two queens. Originally founded in
1446 as St Bernard's College, it was refounded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou and again
by Elizabeth Wydevill in 1475. (The placement of the apostrophe and the absence of
an article distinguish this college, by modern convention, from The Queen's College,
Oxford.) Erasmus, who resided at Queens' from 1511 to 1514, gave encouragement
to the study of Greek throughout the university. Among Erasmus' spiritual descen-
dants was Thomas Smith, admitted to Queens' in 1526 and made a fellow in 1530.
Together with John Cheke of St John's College, Smith was passionately involved in
a project to recover the original pronunciation of ancient Greek. In a book on this
hotly debated subject, he recalls a performance of Aristophanes' Plutus which he pre-
sented at St John's c 1535-6, pronounced according to the new method.
The formal college accounts are somewhat erratic in their recording of payments
for music and plays. Though the volumes begin in 1484, the first payment for enter-
tainment occurs only in 1518-19. Few subsequent payments are made to musicians
for general entertainment and virtually no annual payments to the town waits.
Nevertheless, rough accounts in the few bursar's books which survive from 1612-13
to 1641-2 show steady annual payments. In sum, the Magnum Journale accounts give
only a partial picture of entertainment at Queens'.
A single payment for a comedy of Plautus is recorded in 1522-3. From 1536-7
onward, the accounts contain numerous and detailed payments for stages, costumes,
and the waits who performed at the plays. Though the accounts are silent again from
1554-5 to 1560-1, costume lists of 1554-5 and 1557-8, and the revised college statutes
of 1558-9 suggest that performances continued unabated.
Queens' College joined St John's and Trinity as one of the three most active pro-
ducers of plays. In 1546-7, following the example of St John's, the college made play
production a statutory requirement. Although Queens' had an elaborate stage from
at least as early as 1540-1, large sums were expended on a new stage for the hall in
1546-9. This demountable stage, with its attendant scaffolds for seating, was possibly
the original of the elaborate stage described in exacting detail in a college inventory
of 1639-40 (pp 688-93). The hall in which the plays were staged survives intact,
although a thoroughgoing redecoration in 1732-4 has changed its superficial appear-
ance considerably. Queens' reserved a room for use as an 'acting Chamber,' probably
for rehearsals. Costumes were stored in the treasury. (For a theory that Queens'
College constructed a separate theatre in 1637-8, see Appendix 11.)
Queens' was the only college other than Trinity which continued to produce plays
in the 1630s. A strong sense of rivalry between the two colleges surfaced in the 1631-2
INS'I'I'I'U'I'IONS AND DOCUMENTS 767
productions for Charles I and his queen. The Queens' College play was Peter
Hausted's The RivalFriends. (Five songs composed for this play by George Jeffreys
survive in a British Library manuscript (Appendix 15).) The Trinity College play was
Thomas Randolph's The Jealous Lovers. Most witnesses judged the Queens' play a
disaster, Trinity's a triumph. In the aftermath of the royal visit the vice-chancellor,
Henry Butts, who had strongly backed the Queens' College play, committed suicide.
Butts was severely depressed as a consequence of a three-year battle against outbreaks
of the plague in the town and of a scandalous rush for academic degrees which had
occurred during the royal visit. In the opinion of at least three contemporary com-
mentators, however, the principal cause of the suicide was the king's disapproval of
the play on which Butts had, in effect, staked his reputation.
Most items from the college muniments are currently housed in the University
Library (Manuscripts Room), while a few remain in the college. A manuscript
catalogue is kept in the college library. Typescript lists are available in the University
Library Manuscripts Room. Described by HMC; by J.F. Williams, 'The Muniments
of Queens' College,' CAS: Proceedings, 27 (1926), 43-8; and by Emden, p xx.
Magnum Journale
Queens' College Archives, Books 1-6; 1484-1691 ; Latin and English; paper; c 200 leaves per
volume; smallest 300ram x 212ram, largest 428mm x 290mm; foliated; Books 1-4 bound in
leather over boards (modern), Book 5 in original stiff parchment, repaired, Book 6 in tooled
leather over boards (all hinges repaired), titles on spines:JOURNALE COLL. REGIN. (with
dates).
Book I 1484-1517 Book4 1560-88
Book2 1517-35 Book5 1588-1616
Book 3 1535-60 Book 6 1616-42
Book 1 is not cited in the Records. Book 6 runs through December 1642 and resumes
with the 1660-1 academic year. The series runs to eight volumes, 1484-1835. The
accounts are organized on a monthly basis rather than by terms, and all of September
is included in the accounts for the year beginning at Michaelmas. September entries
cited in the Records are assigned to the Michaelmas year to which those entries apply.
Bursar's Books
Queens' College Archives, Books 16, 24-7; English; paper; c 60 leaves per year; c 295mm
x c 195mm; mostly unfoliated, first half of Book 27 paginated on versos only (verso of first
leaf is p l, etc), second half to p 61 only; Book 16 bound in blind-stamped leather over boards,
24-6 in stiff parchment, 27 in reversed calf over boards; 24 and 25 have tabs. Books 16 and
24-6 are booklets; 27 is a substantial codex of several hundred leaves of which approxi-
mately the last half are blank. An undated fragment (1633-47) is bound in as the last leaf
of 25.
768 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Book24 1612-13 Book 16 1632-3
Book 26 1623-4, 1624-5 Book 27 1636-7, 1637-8
Book 25 1625-6, 1626-7 (minor accounts 1641-2)
(minor accounts 1631-2 to
1641-2, 1660-1 to 1661-2)
The bursar's books contain material subsequently transferred to the Magnum Journale
volumes. Blank spaces in the books were often used in later years for notes and lists.
Only dates of principal accounts and major subsequent interpolations are given here.
Book 16 is not cited in the Records.
Sealing Book
Queens' College Archives, Book 49; 1615-1864; English; paper; c 280 leaves; 420mm x
290mm; foliated through f 70 only; bound in stiff parchment. Record of official transactions,
with notes and letters in envelope inside back cover.
Inventory
Queens' College Archives, Book 75; 1619-1760; English; paper; iii + 203 + ii (f iii is former
cover leaf); 200ram x 300ram; paginated; rebound 1828 in parchment over boards, tide on
spine: LIBRARY ACCOUNT & INVENTORY OF FURNITURE. Contains numerous
lists and inventories.
Miscellany
Queens' College Archives, Book 76; c 1475-1568; Latin and English; paper; x + 52 + ii;
290ram x 200ram; foliated; bound in soft leather, title on spine: A Miscellany.
Statutes
Queens' College Archives, Book 61 ; 1559; Latin; paper; 27 leaves; 382mm x 275mm (285mm
x 168mm); foliated; 19th c. binding in half-leather over boards, title on cover: CODEX
AUTOGRAPHUS STATUTORUM COLL: REGIN: CANTAB: 1559.
Codex Chadertonianus
Queens' College Archives, Book 62; c 1546-1675; Latin; parchment; iii + 63 + iii; 345mm
x 240ram; pagination stars on verso of first leaf, skips p 77; 1828 binding in stamped leather
over boards, title on spine and cover: CODEX CHADERTONIANUS.
ST CATHARINE'S COLLEGE
Founded in 1473 as Catharine Hall, St Catharine's has always been one of the smaller
colleges of Cambridge. The surviving college account book reveals regular payments
to waits from 1622-3 to 1641-2, but no college performances of drama. St Catharine's
made contributions to the plays for James in 1614-15, to the Trinity College plays
of 1628-9, and to the entertainment of Charles I in 1631-2.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
769
The college archives are maintained in a dedicated muniments room. They are listed
in E.A. Barnard's typescript 'Catalogue of Documents in the Muniment Room; the
Master's Lodge; and the College Library' (1930; additions in 1934), and in a card
catalogue. An abridged version of Barnard's catalogue is printed in W.H.S. Jones,
A History of St Catharine's College (Cambridge, 1936), 283-9. Described by HMC,
and by Emden, p xx.
Audit Book
St Catharine's College Archives, L.26; 1622-84; English; paper; i + c 400 + i; annual booklets
bound into one volume; smallest 290ram x 180ram, largest 320ram x 208ram; modern foliation;
bound in half-leather over boards, hinges broken, title on spine: Audit Book 1623-1684.
ST JOHN'S COLLEGE
St John's College was founded in 1511 in accordance with the bequest of Lady Mar-
garet Beaufort (mother of Henry vii), under the powerful supervision of John Fisher,
bishop of Rochester. The early history of St John's is characterized by internal sec-
tarian strife. Nevertheless, the college provided its share of entertainment, hiring the
town waits for annual feasts, conducting a college lottery (1587-8, 161(1-11), and
engaging in dramatic activity from at least as early as 1524-5. Even earlier, in 1521-2,
John Fisher himself seems to have offered a play for performance by the college. In
the early 1520s St John's conceivably produced two plays by Thomas Arthur,
Microcosmus and Mundus Plumbeus (Appendix 1).
Bishop Fisher and Nicholas Metcalfe, master from 1518 to 1537, were promoters
of the new learning. John Cheke, John Redman, and Thomas Watson of St John's,
leaders in the teaching of Greek, were all engaged in the production of Greek or Latin
plays in the 1530s. About 1535-6 Thomas Smith of Queens' produced Aristophanes'
Plutus in St John's College hall, using a reconstructed pronunciation of classical Greek
which he had devised in collaboration with Cheke. About 1539-40 Watson wrote his
Absalom for production in the college hall. Roger Ascham, another learned Johnian,
wrote eloquently of the beauty of the college hall when fitted out as a theatre at Christ-
mas (Appendix 3, 1550).
So important were the plays in the life of the college that the revised statutes of
1544-5 made annual performances mandatory. Similar statutes requiring the annual
performance of plays were subsequently adopted by Queens' and by Trinity. At St
John's, the plays and costumes were the special responsibility of the lord of Christmas
(1544-5, 1548-9).
In 1578-9 St John's was the scene of intensive dramatic activity when Thomas
Legge, master of Caius, composed his massive trilogy, Ricbardus Tertius, for perfor-
mance in the college hall. During the following decade, Thomas Nash, a student at
St John's, witnessed, possibly wrote, and subsequently reported on satirical college
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 771
Beginning in 1535-6 and lasting throughout the period covered in the Records, St
John's adopted a double financial year: in general, rents were reckoned from Michael-
mas to Michaelmas, whereas expenses were reckoned from Christmas to Christmas,
or, in effect, from 1 January to 31 December. Since any given account may contain
entries from Michaelmas of one year through 31 December of the next year, split years
rather than single calendar years are given for all volumes described below. Expenses
which fall in the fourth (October) quarter are listed in the Records under the ensuing
Michaelmas to Michaelmas administrative year.
Master's Accounts
St John's College Archives, D 106.12; 1524-5; English; paper (parchment flyleaves); i + 157
+ i; 285mm x 205ram; recent pagination in pencil, rectos only; bound in parch ment with flap,
boxed.
Master's Accounts
St John's College Archives, D 106.11 ; 1524-37; English; paper (parchment flyleaves); i + 170
+ 1; 300mm x 210mm; modern pencil foliation; bound in parchment with flap, boxed.
Bursars' Accounts
St John's College Archives, D 106.14; 1534-5; English; paper (parchment flyleaves); i + 84
+ i; 305ram x 210ram; recent pencil pagination, rectos only; bound in parchment with flap,
boxed.
Bursars' Accounts
St John's College Archives, D107.4; 1535-6; English (some Latin); paper; ii + 92 + i; 288mm
x 205ram; paginated, rectos only; original parchment cover with flap, boxed.
Bursars' Accounts
St John's College Archives, D 106.16; 1537-8; English; paper (parchment flyleaves); 45 leaves;
298mm x212ram; paginated, rectos only; bound in modern stiff parchment with flap, boxed.
Bursars' Accounts
St John's College Archives, D106.17-18; 1539-47, 1547-50; English; paper; 314 leaves
(D106.17), 164 leaves (D 106.18); c 320ram x c 220ram; recent pencil foliation; bound in stiff
parchment over boards, with broken ties, boxed, titles on spine (D106.17): St Johns College
Bursars Book 31-38 Hen. viii, and on covers: The former/latter part of the old Bursers Booke
That was in the Treasurie.
Rentals
St John's College Archives, SB4.1-5; 1555-1650; English (some Latin); paper; c 500 leaves
per volume; c 425mm x c 280mm; foliated; vols 1, 2, 5 have modern pigskin binding over
boards, 3 has ornamental stamped binding, flat straps, flap with buckle, 4 has stiff parchment
binding over boards, remnants of ties, titles on spines (except 3): RENTAL or RENTALS
(with dates).
772 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Vol 1 1555-75 (titled 1556-75) Vol 4
Vol 2 1575-1600 (titled 1576-1600) Vol 5
Vol 3 1600-19 (titled 1601 - 19)
1619-34 (titled 1620-34)
1634-42 (titled 1535-50)
Loose Bill
St John's College Archives, D57.136; c 1522-3; English; paper; single sheet; 95mm x 225mm.
Register of Inventories
St John's College Archives, C7.2; 1528-96; English; paper; i + 279 + ii; foliated; bound in
stiff parchment with flap, repaired, boxed.
Inventory
St John's College Archives, D57.123; 1556-7; English; paper; roll of 4 membranes; 1845mm
x 435mm; originally serially attached with paste, now detached, stored flat in folder.
The date has been established by similarity to C17.2, another roll in the same hand
containing financial accounts prepared for the official visitors and dated 1556.
Statutes
St John's College Archives, C 1.3; 1530, 1545; Latin; parchment; ii + 93 + ii; 417ram x 278mm
(1530) and 412mm x 290mm (1545); foliated; modern binding in red leather over boards, title
on spine: STATUTA COLL. DIVI IOANNIS 1530-1545.
Statutes
St John's College Archives, C1.4; 1545, 1549; Latin; parchment; ii + 57 + ii; 395mm x
290mm; paginated; modern binding in red leather over boards, title on cover: STATUTA
COLLEGII DIVI JOHANNIS 1545-1549.
Fellows' Petition to the Commissioners
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 93 (Art. 9); September 1588; English; paper; 3 sheets;
350mm x 275mm; foliated; pasted into guard-book; poor condition, left edges damaged.
43 Complaints against William Whitaker, Master
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 6.1 (Art. 35); c 1588; Latin and English; paper; 4 leaves;
300mm x 205mm; foliated; pasted into guard-book.
The following are letters to the master, all signed. For letters written to Owen Gwyn
as vice-chancellor, see p 793.
John Smith to Nicholas Metcalfe
St John's College Archives, D 105.47, 49; 9, 14 December 1521 ; English; paper; single sheets;
204mm x 206ram (D105.47), 235mm x 206mm (D105.49); marks of seals. Holographs.
774 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
TRINITY COLLEGE
Trinity College was founded in 1546, absorbing two earlier foundations, King's Hall
and Michaelhouse. 's King's Hall (described above) had been active in the production
of plays until at least 1516-17, but the Records give no evidence of performances after
that date. Michaelhouse, founded in 1324, is represented by a single, rather doubtful
record concerning a comedy in 1386 (Appendix 11).
The new college, which owed its foundation to the munificence of Henry viii, soon
rivalled its elder neighbour, St John's, in size and influence. Payments to waits, both
annual rewards and reimbursements for assisting at plays, occur frequently in the
accounts, though no clear pattern of performances at college feasts can be said to
emerge.
Within a few years of its foundation, Trinity surpassed all other colleges in the in-
tensity of its dramatic activity. Interest in drama seems to have come naturally to the
college through the prior experiences of some of its earliest masters and fellows. John
Redman, who produced plays at St John's in 1534-5, later served as last warden of
King's Hall, and then as first master of Trinity, until his death in 1551. John Chris-
topherson, who wrote the Greek play]ephthah, became third master of Trinity, pro-
ducing a show in his first year (1554-5).
Inventories from 1547-8 and 1550-1 which list large stocks of costumes provide
supporting evidence of early dramatic activity. Where evidence survives for the 1550s,
Trinity College regularly produced five plays each year, and when the college statutes
were amended in 1559-60 a clause was added to mandate the production of five plays
annually.
By all measures the most famous play ever produced by Trinity College was Edward
Forcett's Pedantius, a satire on the pedant Gabriel Harvey and the subject of numerous
literary allusions during the succeeding decades (Appendix 3, 1591-1622). Although
Thomas Nash attributes the play to Anthony Wingfield (Appendix 3, 1592), a manu-
script in St John's College library composed by Forcett himself confirms Forcett's
authorship of the play; a Trinity College tower book entry for 1580-1 with Forcett's
signature may be taken as confirmation of the year of performance.
About this time Trinity, alone among Cambridge colleges, made contributions to
a professional company of actors, the queen's men. In 1586-7 the college gave the
company 30s ('at Midsomer'). Evidently this was for a performance, possibly in the
college itself (during the same year the town treasurers paid exactly the same amount
'to the players yat plaid before Master Maior'). In 1591-2 the college gave 2s 6d 'to
one of the Quenes men,' but this time the company had been 'debarred from playinge'
by the university, so the purpose of the payment on this occasion is uncertain.
From the turn of the century a series of cast lists provides unusually complete bio-
graphical information concerning Trinity College plays (Appendix 7); those plays
with surviving cast lists are Leander (1598-9, 1602-3), Labyrinthus (1602-3), Adelphe
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
775
(1611-12, 1612-13), Scyros (1612-13), Cancer (1612-13?), Melanthe (1614-15),
Fraus Honesta (1618-19), Loiola (1622-3), and Paria (1627-8). Shows were also
popular at Trinity College during this period (p 714).
Beginning in 1612-13 the plays of Trinity often achieved national prominence, at-
tracting royal visits by Charles (both as prince and as king), by James I, and by Prince
Charles, the future Charles u. The college presented two plays for royal consumption
in 1612-13, and two more in 1614-15. In 1622-3, when internal dissension flared
up between the master and seniors of Trinity, who wanted the plays suppressed, and
younger members of the college, who wanted them continued, the king himself was
eventually asked to decide the case and defended the plays. In the competitive royal
performances of 1631-2, Trinity's entry, Thomas Randolph's The Jealous Lovers, was
widely declared victor over Queens' entry, Peter Hausted's The Rival Friends. In
1641-2 Abraham Cowley wrote The Guardian at short notice for the visit of Prince
Charles. Later the prologue and epilogue of Cowley's play found their way into a
pamphlet which served as a rallying cry for the monarchy (Appendix 5, 1642).
From 1612-13 onward, all royal performances at Cambridge were staged in the
magnificent hall built by Thomas Neville and completed c 1608 (p 715). Modelled on
Middle Temple hall in London, Trinity College hall rivalled Oxford's Christ Church
hall, in particular as a place to receive and entertain royal guests. Extensive details con-
cerning the transformation of Trinity College hall into a theatre may be gleaned from
the series of 'Orders and Monitions' published by the university for royal visits from
1612-13 to 1635-6. The plays were staged at the upper end of the hall; a rail near
the lower end separated the BAs from the tAs. Senior members of the college and dis-
tinguished guests sat behind the stage with their backs to the upper-end wall. A room
behind this wall served as a tiring chamber and probably also as rehearsal room. (The
Trinity College 'Comedy Room' was not established until after 1660: see Appendix
11, c 1600.)
Trinity College's comedies were the occasion for the great riot of 1610-11 with St
John's College, documented in some sixty pages of official depositions. Smaller riots
occurred in other years, generally also with St John's. The natural rivalry between
two such major colleges was enhanced by the fact that St John's tended to be populated
by northerners, Trinity by southerners.
The college library holds a rich collection of college play texts, many of which were
performed at Trinity. The archives are maintained in a dedicated muniments room,
which also holds the archives of King's Hall (pp 759-63) and Michaelhouse. The Trin-
ity College archives were catalogued c 1920 by W.H.B. Bird on typed slips. This 'Bird
Catalogue' is currently under revision. Described by UMC. The Michaelhouse archives
are listed in J.W. Clark's manuscript 'Catalogue of those Muniments of Michaelhouse
which concern Cambridge.' Described in nMC (Trinity), and by Emden, pp xvi-xvii.
Trinity College accounting practice is difficult to establish. During the first five
years (1547-8 to 1552-3), a Christmas to Christmas accounting year is used. In
776
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
1553-4 there is an apparent transition to a Michaelmas to Michaelmas year. In 1554-5
the scribe who wrote the junior bursar's annual booklet was moved to explain:
"[t]haccompt doyth run from December, vnto december; in the whyche munth our
Audytt ys keptt; notwythstanding yat the yere doyth begyn; & end at Michaelmesse.'
Thereafter the accounting year is always stated to run from one Michaelmas to the
following Michaelmas. However, during the period when accounts are still itemized,
it is possible to see that many receipts and some expenditures were recorded which
actually fell into the period after the 'nominally" concluding Michaelmas but before
the following December audit. Nevertheless, after 1553-4 payments made at Christ-
mas are probably for the Christmas included within the stated Michaelmas to Michael-
mas year. For the years preceding 1552-3, the December to December accounting
period is indicated by an editorial subheading.
Senior Bursar's Accounts
Trinity College Archives; 1546-1659; English; paper; annual booklets gathered into large vol-
umes, number of leaves variable; smallest 265mm x 195mm, largest 440ram x 280mm; recent
foliation; all are bound in leather over boards, except vol 3, which is bound in cloth over boards
(many individual accounts have original parchment covers); vol 2, ff 359-82 (1580-1), de-
cayed, defective, is maintained separately in Box 27.1. Vol 5 and subsequent volumes are called
Senior Bursar's Audit Books.
Vol 1
Vol 2
Vol 3
Vol 4
Vol 5
1547-63 (except 1555-8, 1559-60, 1561-2)
1563-83 (except 1567-8, 1572-3, 1574-5, 1580-1)
1584-97
1600-21 (except 1602-3, 1604-5, 1606-7, 1610-11, 1612-13, 1616-17, 1618-19)
1636-42 (except 1637-9, 1640-1)
Junior Bursar's Accounts
Trinity College Archives; 1549-1660; English; paper; annual booklets gathered into large vol-
umes, number of leaves variable; smallest 300mm x 200mm, largest 350mm x 245mm; recent
foliation; vols I and 3 bound in cloth over boards, vols 2 and 4 in leather over boards (many
individual accounts have original parchment covers); vol 2, ff 281-300 (the first part of
1573-4), loose but in good condition, is maintained separately in Box 27.1.
Vol 1
Vol 2
Vol 3
Vol 4
1549-63 (except 1555-6, 1557-9, 1561-2)
(1552-3 is combined with Steward's Book)
1563-77 (except 1571-2, 1574-5)
1578-1615 (except 1584-5, 1589-90, 1591-8, 1601-5, 1606-12, 1613-14)
1619-21 (no more through 1641-2)
Steward's Books
Trinity College Archives; 1549-1660; English; paper; annual booklets gathered into large vol-
umes, number of leaves variable; smallest 295mm x 205ram, largest 365mm x 240ram; foliated;
bound in leather over boards.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
779
colleges by 1535 and at St John's in 1516.6s Similarly, though the chancellor of the
university was ostensibly its chief administrative officer, by the sixteenth century
chancellors were usually members of the nobility who took little day-to-day interest
in the university and did not reside in Cambridge. Thus the routine administration
of the university passed into the hands of the vice-chancellor, who from early in the
sixteenth century was usually, and from 1587 always, the head of a college. Finally,
though in earlier years students could matriculate in the university independently, by
the middle of the sixteenth century matriculation assumed prior admission to a college.
As a consequence, while the university had the power to decide who might attain a
degree, the colleges determined who might join the university community in the first
place.
The university's academic responsibilities played some part in the fostering of
music, most obviously in the granting of degrees for composition and performance.
The university authorized a company of its own waits from at least as early as 1564-5
and arranged for music on festive occasions. In 1549-50 music was supplied by King's
College choir at Great St Mary's Church, doubtless for the July masters' commence-
ment. The commencement ceremonies were conducted on a stage which the university
erected annually in the church. In 1591-2 the university constructed an additional
stage for music, which was supplied either by the waits or, as in 1599-1600, by the
choirs of King's and Trinity Colleges.
The university became involved with drama through its exercise of two essentially
non-academic responsibilities: the reception of official visitors and the maintenance
of order. Royal visits to Cambridge were fairly commonplace from the fourteenth
century onward (pp 736-7). Beginning in 1563-4 with the visit of Queen Elizabeth,
royal visits were almost always the occasion for drama. At Cambridge most plays were
produced by individual colleges, but the university oversaw the program of dramatic
performances offered to the visitor and helped to defray the costs of the plays, either
by direct subsidy or by levying an assessment on the colleges, including those that
did not put on plays.
The university was responsible for maintaining order outside the college precinct.
In this role it became active in suppressing professional plays and other forms of popu-
lar entertainment, and in disciplining students who attended unauthorized perfor-
mances or who were guilty of infractions against rules of conduct, often in connection
with plays. During the fourteenth century, the university issued an injunction against
unruly ceremonies (Appendix 1), and from 1548-9 onward more injunctions were
issued, first against lords of Christmas in the colleges, and later against professional
entertainment such as bull-baitings, bear-baitings, puppet shows, interludes, plays,
and games. The effects of the prohibitions were felt by such companies as the queen's
men, who from 1583-4 were sometimes sent away without being permitted to play,
but who nevertheless might collect a fee. The university suppressed unauthorized en-
tertainment not only in Cambridge, but at the Howes, in Chesterton, and at the Gog
Magog Hills, all traditional performance sites within five miles of the town centre.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 781
thereby gaining a common law jurisdiction over residents of the town and its environs.
Considered as lord of Sturbridge Fair, he would also have had jurisdiction over the
piepowder court which decided merchants' disputes under the mercantile code.
The Records contain an example of the commissary court exercising jurisdiction
over the fair in a case over the price of beer against William Warne (1612- ! 3). A case
of 1579-80 shows the vice-chancellor exercising jurisdiction as a Jp. But by far the
majority of the judicial cases in the Records show the vice-chancellor in the role of
chief judicial officer of the university sitting in judgment over cases of student mis-
conduct. Such cases occur in 1578-9 (described 1579-80), 1582-3, 1595-6, 1599-
1600, 1601-2, 1606-7, 1610-11, and 1611-12.
Finally, the vice-chancellor was expected to represent the university in dealings with
persons of authority. Stephen Gardiner, who was both chancellor of the university
and bishop of Winchester, held Vice-chancellor Matthew Parker accountable for the
performance of Pammachius in 1544-5; other inquiries from the crown or from royal
commissioners were similarly addressed to the vice-chancellor.
The effects of the university's power and privileges on relations with the town of
Cambridge are discussed above (pp 707-9); here it may suffice to point out that the
university had no moral and certainly no puritan objections to the performance of
plays, even by prospective divines, nor can it be readily imagined that performances
by such companies as the queen's men held the prospect of disturbances anywhere
approaching the violence of the ! 6 ! 0-11 riot, which, far from ending college plays,
ushered in a hectic decade of performances. Rather, the university seems to have been
acting primarily to preserve its control over the greater university environment in the
face of all secular competition.
The university archives are housed in the University Library and are consulted in
the Manuscripts Room. The archives are described by HMC; by H.R. Luard, 'A List
of the Documents in the University Registry from the Year 1266 to the Year 1544,"
cas: Communications, 3 (1864-76), 385-403; by Venn, vol 1, pp vi-viii; by vcH,
pp 327-9; by Heather E. Peek and Catherine P. Hall, The Archives oftloe University
of Cambridge: An Historical Introduction (Cambridge, 1962): see especially Appendix
A; and by Emden, pp xiii-xv. Manuscript catalogues have been compiled by
registraries Caryl (I 751-8), Romilly (I 832-62), and Luard (I 862-9 I); the last is the
most detailed, and is still useful. A printed catalogue is in preparation. A card catalogue
in the Manuscripts Room serves as a partial guide to the collection. Several important
volumes and series are calendared in typescript; many others have been provided with
a handwritten index, often by Romilly.
STATUTES AND ORDERS (cus)
University statutes were often copied and recopied into various official manuscript
volumes maintained by officials such as the vice-chancellor, the registrary, and the
senior and junior proctors. The individual colleges and even the town government
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 783
x 210mm; endorsed: A drawght of a letter from the Lords of ye Counsell to the vniuersitie
of Cambridge, places erected for playes and games.
Letter from the Privy Council to the University
London, vRo, PC2/20; 1592-3; English; paper; i + 564 + ii; 355mm x 220mm; bound in
leather over boards: title on spine: ELIZABETH. VOL. xL COUNCIL REGISTER. 22.
AUG. 1592. TO 26. AUG. 1593. Letter of 29 July 1593 on pp 516-17.
Letter from James to the University
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 1 la.A.8.a; 23 July 1604; English; parchment; single
sheet; 360mm x 445mm (95mm x 340mm); seal intact, no personal signature; faded, text dam-
aged or missing along old fold lines; repaired by 'Ro in 1954.
Letters Patent from James t to the University
Cambridge University Archives, Luard 196; 4 March 1605; Latin; parchment; two sheets;
760mm x 860mm, 640mm x 860mm (bottom 70mm folded up); round seal 150mm (boxed),
signed; decayed, partly illegible.
Because this sealed document is illegible in many places, the following registered copy
has been used as a base text.
Letters Patent from James to the University
London, ,Ro, C66/1652; 4 March 1605; Latin; parchment; roll of 41 membranes serially
attached; c 26.5m x 260mm (x 210mm); written on one side only; membranes numbered;
additional membrane serves as wrapper.
Summary of Letters Patent
London, wo, SP38/8; 4 March 1605; English; paper; originally bifolium; 308mm x 195mm;
unfoliated (organized by date); in guard-book.
Letter from Charles i to the University
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 12.A.30; 26 June 1632; English; parchment; single
sheet; 330mm x 415mm (110mm x 370mm); seal intact, document signed, repaired with silk
chiffon lisse.
Orders and Injunctions
Orders for the Royal Visit
London, BL, Harley 7033 (Baker 6); c 1720; Latin and English; paper; vii + 363 + v; 306mm
x 190mm; original foliation in ink supplemented by recent foliation in pencil; bound in tooled,
gold-stamped leather over boards, title on spine: COLLECTANEA AD ACAD. CANT.
SPECTANTIA. Orders occur on ff 113-14v.
Original not traced. Apparently this order (along with the letter from Burghley
784 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
transcribed on f 113) is comprehended in a cover note on f94: 'Transcripts from My
Lord Chief Justice's Hale's Papers some of which are now in the custody of ye
Reverend Mr. George Harbin.'
Order against Attending Plays and Games at Gog Magog Hills
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 44.1 (Art. 137); 29 May 1574; English; paper; single
sheet; 308mm x 195mm; pasted into guard-book; heavily repaired.
Decree against Attending Bear-baitings, etc
Cambridge University Archives, Misc. Collect. 8; 1600-8; Latin and English; paper; ii + 89
+ i (plus letter pasted to flyleaf, index bound in at end); 190ram x 140ram; foliated beginning
with third leaf; bound in half-leather over boards, title on spine: LETTERS 1600. A register
of letters.
Decree against Drink and Tobacco
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 44.1 (Art. 145); 23 February 1607; English; paper;
broadsheet; 395mm x 305ram (360mm x 260mm); written on both sides; no binding; heavily
repaired.
Decree in Time of Plague
Cambridge University Archives, T.X. 19 (ff 3v-4); 11 July 1625; English; paper; printed
broadsheet; 395mm x 305mm; bound as bifolium in guard-book.
This is one of two copies of the broadsheet bound into the Plague Book (next item);
the second is bound as ff 2, 5. Another copy is CUR 54 (Art. 8). Yet another version,
issued 23 September 1636, is CUR 54 (Art. 232).
Plague Book
Cam bridge U niversity Archives, T. X. 19; 1625; English; paper; 59 leaves; 310mm x 200mm;
foliated; bound in limp parchment, title on cover: The Acts of Court In the times of the Plague
Fast.
Decree concerning Student Conduct
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 44.1.149a; 22 November 1628; revised 7January 1630;
Latin; paper; printed broadsheet; 405mm x 300mm (250mm x 184mm); unbound, heavily
repaired.
Orders and Monitions
From 1613 to 1636, the university issued a series of orders and monitions regulating
the behaviour of students and others on the occasion of royal visits. Most are recorded
in 'Tabor's Book' (p 795); the following separate drafts or copies are cited in the
Records (see also pp 537-8):
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
785
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. III. 27 (Art. 121); 8 December 1624; English; paper;
single sheet (now folded); 390mm x 300mm; in packet of 204 items pierced with a single lace;
in hand of two different scribes.
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 6); 1632; English; paper; bifolium; 307mm
x 200mm; pasted into guard-book; in hand of James Tabor.
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 7); 1636; English; paper; broadsheet; 365mm
x 275mm; written on one side only (fair copy for printer ?); pasted into guard-book; bottom
right corner repaired.
UNIVERSITY JURISDICTION (cuJ)
The university maintained two principal courts, the vice-chancellor's court, with juris-
diction over fellows, students, and privileged persons; and the commissary's court,
with jurisdiction in the town, including Sturbridge Fair. A useful calendar of univer-
sity court records is the typescript 'Records of Jurisdiction' in the university archives.
Vice-chancellor's Court Books
Utinam
Cambridge University Archives, Collect. Admin. 13; 1550-75; Latin; paper; ii + 290 + ii
(index pp ii-v); 291 mm x 200mm; 16th c. foliation; blind-stamped leather binding (19th c. ?),
title on spine: UTINAM.
Buckle Book
Cambridge University Archives, Collect. Admin. 6a; 1577-88; Latin; paper; ii + 426 + ii;
298mm x 208mm (265mm x 150ram); irregular 16th c. pagination (1-680, 479"-640", 655"-
666*); 19th c. blind-stamped leather binding over boards, hinges damaged, ungainly modern
strap and buckle; edges of first several pages heavily repaired.
Acta Curiae
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.3; 1595-7; Latin and English; paper; ii + 359
+ ii; c300mm x 205mm (last quire 285mm x 175mm); modern pencil foliation; modern parch-
ment rebinding over stiff boards, boxed, title on box: V. C.'s COURT ACTA CURIAE 16
JAN 1595-29 OCT 1597; last gathering repaired.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.5; 1600-2; Latin and English; paper; ii + 260
+ ii; 305mm x 210mm (2 quires 200ram); modern pencil foliation; modern rebinding in orig-
inal parchment cover over boards, boxed, title on box: V. C. 's COURT ACTA CURIAE 19
SEPT. 1600 2 APRIL. 1602.
786 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. I. 7; 1609-12; Latin (some English); paper; i + 270
+ ii; 310mm x 200mm; modern pencil foliation; modern rebinding in original parchment
cover, boxed, title on box: V.C. COURT ACTA CURIAE 19JAN. 1609 2 OCT. 1612; some
edges and leaves repaired; hand of James Tabor.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.8; 1612-17; Latin and English; paper; ii + 327
+ ii; 315mm x 200mm; modern pencil foliation; some edges and sheets repaired; modern re-
binding in original parchment cover, boxed.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.9; 1617-21 ; Latin and English; paper; ii + 360
+ ii; 300mm x 200mm; modern pencil foliation; some edges and sheets repaired; modern re-
binding in original parchment cover, boxed with I. 10.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. I. 12; 1641-58; Latin and English; paper; 1640-1
gathering has 82 leaves; 270mm x 165mm; pencil foliation on versos; many gatherings bound
into guard-book, boxed.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.37; 1606-8; Latin (some English); paper; ii
+ 135 + ii; 310ram x 205mm; modern pencil foliation in bottom left corner of rectos; modern
binding, parchment over boards, original titling incorporated into binding; hand of James
Tabor.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.41 (part 1); 1611 ; Latin and English;paper; 50
leaves; 278mm x 170mm; modern pencil foliation (skips f 2); recently bound into modern
parchment covered guard-book, title on spine: ACTA CURIAE 15 APRIL. 1611.15 JAN.
1612; repaired; hand of James Tabor.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.41 (part 4); 1611 ; Latin and English; paper; 40
leaves; 267mm x 190mm (some leaves 275mm); modern pencil foliation; recently bound into
modern parchment covered guard-book together with previous item.
Cornrnissary's Court Books
Cambridge University Archives, Comm. Ct. II.4; 1589-93; Latin and English; paper; 248
leaves; 295mm x 210mm; modern pencil foliation; many personal signatures and personal
marks; outer leaves serve as cover.
Cambridge University Archives, Comm. Ct. II.13; 1606-8; Latin and English; paper; 133
leaves ; 280mm x 170mm; 2 inner quires enveloped by double-gathered outer quire; modern
pencil foliation; many personal signatures and personal marks; bound in limp parchment (now
dry and deteriorated); hand of James Tabor.
Cambridge University Archives, Comm. Ct. V.7; 1585-1614; Latin and English; paper; 292
leaves; 310mm x 200mm; modern pencil pagination; bound in reused parchment music
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 787
manuscript (now dry and damaged), many pages dog-eared; various hands, including James
Tabor's.
Cambridge University Archives, Comm. Ct. V.8; 1611-19; Latin and English; paper; 178
leaves; 310mm x 200mm; modern pencil foliation; bound in reused parchment (now dry and
damaged), many pages dog-eared; various hands, including James Tabor's.
Cambridge University Archives, Comm. Ct. V.9; 1621-9 (some later notes); Latin and
English; paper; 215 leaves; 315mm x 200mm; modern pencil foliation (some loose sheets
unfoliated); bound in reused parchment (now dry and damaged), many pages dog-eared; hand
of James Tabor.
Allegations, Complaints, Depositions, Warrants
Complaint concerning a Bear-baiting at Chesterton
London, BL, Lansdowne 33, Art. 28 (ff 56-7); 22 April 1581; English; paper; originally
bifolium; 305mm x 205mm; pasted into guard-book; no seal or address.
Depositions concerning a Bear-baiting at Chesterton
London, BL, Lansdowne 33, Art. 32 (ff64-5); 6 May 1581 ; English; paper; originally bifolium;
310mm x 210mm; pasted into guard-book; personal signatures; evidence of seal.
Warrant to the Constables of Chesterton
Cambridge University Archives, O. II.211 ; 27 June 1590; English; paper; single sheet; 318mm
x 210mm; unbound sheet which contains drafts or copies of other orders concerning conduct
and apparel (sheet apparently turned and reused). Draft letter.
Warrant to the Constables of Chesterton
London, UL, Lansdowne 71, Art. 82 (f 201); 1 September 1592; English; paper; bifolium;
312mm x 210mm; pasted into guard-book.
The bifolium includes 1/copy of 24 July 1270 injunction against tournaments (f 200);
2/excerpt from charter of 1570 (f 200); 3/copy of privy council letter of 30 October
1575 (f200v); 4/this warrant (f201); 5/itemization of contents of bifolium (f 201v).
Depositions concerning a Riot
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. I. 72 (16); 27 February 1596; English; paper; one
bifolium, one single sheet; 300mm x 203mm; loose, repaired.
Complaint concerning a Bear-baiting at the Elephant
.Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. I. 74; 1596; Latin and English; paper; single gather-
ng; 350mm x 142mm; modern pencil foliation; unbound; heavily repaired.
788 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Depositions and Allegations concerning a Riot (Part 1)
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. 1.23; 1611; English; paper; i + 21 + i; 310mm
x ! 95mm, except for three small sheets, f 5 (245mm x 195mm), f 7 (195mm x 185mm), and
f ! 2x (195mm x ! 35mm); ff 1,2 cognate, rest now single sheets; modern pagination (pp 1-12,
! 2x-! 3x, 13-40), individual sheets previously folded, not in original order (27-8 out of
place?); sheets pasted onto tabs and bound 1907 in guard-book, half-leather, two-colour
brown paper over board, title on cover: Acta Curiae. Riot at Great Gate of Trin. Coll. 1610-
11 ; in hand of James Tabor and at least one other; many personal signatures. (See Endnotes,
pp 1234-5, for a full analysis of this document and the next.)
Depositions and Allegations concerning a Riot (Part 2)
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. II. 15; 1611 ; English; paper; 16 leaves; bifolia except
for f 12B, single sheet; 310mm x 203mm, except for ff ! B, 3A (223mm x 158mm), 12B (207mm
x 155mm); modern foliation (IA, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4-11, 12A, 12B, 13); pasted into guard-book,
not in original sequence, modern heavy paper binding, title on cover: Depositions; Riot at
Trinity Gate; additions and corrections in hand of James Tabor; many depositions signed with
personal signatures; heavily repaired.
Allegations of William Bird against William Gibbons
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. I. 72 (6.9); 21 November 1590; Latin and English;
paper; single sheet; 235mm x 150mm; pasted into guard-book with heavy paper cover, title
on cover: Acta Curiae ... 1590; on verso of sheet:/kllegacio Bird contra Gibbons 1590.
Vice-chancellor's Probate: Inventories
Inventory at Death of Benet Prime
Cambridge University Archives, VCP; 12 October 1557; English; paper; single sheet; 420mm
x 165mm; in bundle; extensively repaired.
Inventory at Death of John Mere
Cambridge University Archives, VCP; April 1558; English; paper; 13 leaves; c 420mm x
160mm; unfoliated; originally single gathering, recently bound in heavy paper cover, in
bundle; extensively repaired.
The ordering of leaves as now bound is erroneous: in particular, f [12] should follow
f [1]. Though the inventory is undated, a date can be assigned by reference to a will
in VCP Will Transcript I, f 110, 1 April 1558.
Inventory at Death of Stephen Wilmott
Cambridge University Archives, VCP; 18 June 1628; English; paper; bifolium; 415mm x
160mm; in bundle.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 789
Inventory at Death of William Tawyer
Cambridge University Archives, VCP; 8 June 1640; English; paper; bifolium; c 310mm x
155mm; in bundle.
Miscellaneous
vc Court Memorandum concerning Henry Pepper
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 16 (Art. 6); 28 May 1600; English; paper; single sheet;
268mm x 200mm; pasted into guard-book. Luard's note on verso: "Dorninus Pepper for being
present at certain interludes without his habit ordered out of Court & have his hair polled
immedtely & at his return suspended.'
Petition to vc concerning the Lord of Taps
Cambridge University Archives, V.C. Ct. III. 14 (Art. 78); 12 September 1607; English; paper;
single sheet; 300mm x 200mm; 145 pieces pierced with single lace; signed.
Letter of Deputation from Samuel Harsnett vc to Heads
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 1); 6 March 1615; English; paper; single leaf;
300mm x 192mm; pasted into guard-book, repaired; personal signature.
Articles of Agreement concerning the University Waits
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 9 (Art. 10(1)); 1628; English; paper; 5 sheets; 335mm
x 260mm (240mm x 225mm); original pagination at bottom of sheets; bound into guard-book,
bottom originally folded, pierced with five sets of slits for seals (seals missing).
Articles of Agreement concerning the University Waits
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 9 (Art. 10(2)); 1628; Latin and English; parchment;
single sheet; 270mm x 250ram; bound into guard-book, bottom originally folded, pierced with
five sets of slits for seals (seals missing); part of tab for middle seal intact.
Judgment on Petition of Seatree and his Wife
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 15 (Art. 13); c 1636; English; paper; bifolium; 268mm
x 162ram; pasted into guard-book; hand of James Tabor.
UNIVERSITY FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS (cut:)
University Audit Book
Cambridge University Archives, U. Ac. 2 (1); 1545-1649; Latin and English; paper; viii + 418
+ ix; 302ram x 195ram; modern pencil pagination supersedes older ink foliation; 1980 binding
in maroon leather over boards, title on spine: UNIVERSITY AUDIT BOOK 1545.- 1659.
This large volume contains fair copies of individual vice-chancellors' and proctors'
accounts, many of which survive in the original as neat or rough accounts in single
790 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
gatherings (V. C.V.), or as receipts or notations on small, irregular pieces of paper now
bound in guard-books (U.Ac. 1(1-4)) and keyed to the audit book by numbers in
a modern hand. Accounts cited in the Records are the vice-chancellor's unless other-
wise noted. The four items which follow contain information not copied into the uni-
versity audit book.
Cambridge University Archives, V. C.V. 3 (2a); 1592-3; English; paper; single sheet; 305mm
x 210mm; unbound.
Cambridge University Archives, V. C. V. 3 (25c); 3 February 1616; English; paper; single sheet;
155mm x 195mm; foliated; unbound.
Cambridge University Archives, V.C.V. 3 (27d); 3 August 1618; English; paper; single sheet;
155mm x 200mm; unbound.
Cambridge University Archives, V. C. V. 4 (6a); 1631-2; English; paper; single quire; 323mm
x 205mm; foliated; sewn, unbound.
Miscellaneous Sheets of Accounts
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 2(1)); 1615; English; paper; single sheet;
325mm x 250mm; pasted into guard-book.
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 3); 20 January 1615; English; paper; 4 single
sheets (originally 2 bifolia?); 308mm x 198mm; pasted into guard-book, three sheets on one
tab, one on another, all leaves formerly folded; second leaf badly worn along vertical fold;
f 1 in one hand (signed by Thomas Brooke, esquire bedell), the rest in another.
VICE-CHANCELLORS' LETTERS (VCL)
As principal resident officer of the university, the vice-chancellor served as its official
spokesman, and might receive or initiate letters, either as vice-chancellor, or on behalf
of all heads of colleges. The following letters include two composed by other officers
on behalf of the university (William Masters, 1563-4, and Thomas Neville, 1594-5)
and an anonymous report written after the suicide of Vice-chancellor Henry Butts
in 1632 and before Thomas Comber was appointed to fill the vacancy.
1545 (Matthew Parker)
Letters between vc and Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor
Corpus Christi College Library, 106 (ff 223-31); 27 March-16 May 1545; English; paper;
single sheets and bifolia; (1) sheet 295mm x 200mm; (2) bifolium 295mm x 195mm; (3) sheet
275mm x 195mm; (4) bifolium 305mm x 200mm; (5) bifolium 305mm x 210mm; (6-7) bifolia
792 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
1579-80 (John Hatcher)
vc to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, PRO, SP12/133 (f 1);9 December 1579; English;paper; bifolium; 305mm x 210mm;
bound into guard-book.
Lord Burghley, Chancellor, to vc
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 9 (B. 18); 9June 1580; English; paper; bifolium; 305mm
x 203mm; bound into guard-book; evidence of seal.
vc to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, PRO, SP12/139 (f 76); 21 June 1580; English; paper; bifolium; 305mm x 210mm;
bound into guard-book.
vc to Sir Francis Hinde
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 9 (E.7.a); 20 September 1580; English; paper; single
sheet; 305mm x 210mm; repaired, pasted into boxed guard-book; signed.
vc to Lord North
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 9 (E. 7. b); 20 September 1580; English; paper; single
sheet; 305mm x 210mm; repaired, pasted into boxed guard-book; signed.
Lord North to vc
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 9 (E. 7. d); 20 September 1580; English; paper; bifolium;
305mm x 210mm; repaired; pasted into boxed guard-book; signed, mark of seal on verso,
addressed: 'To the right worshipfull my loving frend Doctor Hatcher vizchanselor of
Cambridg.'
1580-1 (Andrew Perne)
vc and Heads to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, BL, Lansdowne 33, Art. 29 (ff 58-9);25 April 1581 ; Latin; paper; originally bifolium;
320mm x 230mm (f 58), 320mm x 200mm (f 59, folded off centre); pasted into guard-book.
vc to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, BL, Lansdowne 33, Art. 31 (ff62-3); c6 May 1581 ; English; paper; bifolium; 305mm
x 205mm; pasted into guard-book; evidence of seal.
Lord Burghley, Chancellor, to vc
Cambridge University Archives, Collect. Admin. 5; contains transcript of letter of 20 May
1581. For full description, see above, 1563-4 (Lord Burghley, Chancellor, to vc)
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 793
1591-2 (Robert Some)
vc and Heads to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, BL, Lansdowne 75, Art. 8 (ff 16-17); 18 September 1592; English; paper; bifolium;
315mm x 215mm; pasted into guard-book; evidence of seal.
vc and Heads to the Privy Council
London, BL, Lansdowne 71, Art. 83 (ff 202-3); 18 September 1592; English; paper; single
sheet; 290mm x 420mm; written across full width of sheet on one side only; pasted as bifolium
into guard-book, repaired.
1592-3 (John Still, Thomas Legge)
vc and Heads to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, BL, Lansdowne 71, Art. 84 (ff 204-5); 2 December 1592; English; paper; originally
bifolium; 310mm x 210mm; pasted into guard-book; signed, evidence of seal.
vc and Heads to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, m_, Lansdowne 75, Art. 5 (ff 10-11); 17July 1593; English; paper; bifolium; 310mm
x 215mm; pasted into guard-book; signed, evidence of seal.
1594-5 (John Duport)
Thomas Neville, Master of Trinity College, and Fellows to Lord Burghley, Chancellor
London, m_, Lansdowne 78, Art. 16 (ff 34-5); 28 January 1595; English; paper; bifolium;
296mm x 200mm; pasted into guard-book; signed, evidence of seal.
I615-16 (Owen Gwyn)
Robert Scott to vc
St John's College Archives, D 105.12; 16 November 1615; English; paper; bifolium; 308ram
x 192mm; signed, seal intact.
Barnabe Googe to vc
St John's College Archives, D105.195; 23 April 1616; English; paper; bifolium; 305mm
x 195mm; signed, seal intact.
I629-30 (Henry Butts)
Lord Holland, Chancellor, to vc
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 12 (D.3); 12 February 1630; English; paper; bifolium;
300mm x 195mm; repaired; pasted into boxed guard-book; signed, seal intact. Copy.
794 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
vc to Lord Holland, Chancellor
Cambridge University Archives, Lett. 12 (D.4); undated (reply to the above); Enghsh; paper;
single sheet; 286mm x 200mm; repaired, pasted into boxed guard-book. Copy.
1632 (Thomas Comber)
Anonymous Letter
London, 'RO, SP16/215 (ff 14-15); 4 April 1632; bifolium; 315mm x 200mm; bound into
guard-book; broken along fold, repaired; no address or personal signature.
UNIVERSITY MEMORANDA (CUM)
Registrary's Book and Bedells" Books
The registrary was the official recordkeeper of the university. James Tabor, whose
book is described here, served in this office from 1600 to his death in 1645. The esquire
bedell (pronounced bidell:) was a minor executive officer of the university. At any
given time, three bedells were appointed. The responsibilities of the office and the
individuals who held the office are described by Henry Paine Stokes, The Esquire
Bedells. Since esquire bedells supervised university ceremonies, many kept books
which recorded details of such events as commencement exercises and royal visits.
Documents by the following esquire bedells (listed with their dates of office) are cited
in the Records: John Mere, 1530-58; Matthew Stokes, 1557-85; William Ingram,
1592-1605; John Buck, 1626-80; and John Peck, 1669-82.
Mere's Diary (Fragment A)
Cambridge University Archives, Grace Book A; 1454-89; Latin; paper; xvii + 162 + xiii;
283mm x 205mm; ink foliation; modern leather binding over boards, title on spine: LIBER
G RATI ARUM A 1454-1489. Diary notations in English c 1533 written into originally blank
spaces including f 51v.
Mere's Diary (Fragment C)
Corpus Christi College Library, 106; 20 December 1556 to 3 June 1557; English; paper; 10
leaves; 305mm x 200mm; separately foliated; bound into volume between f 310 and f 311.
John Mere kept a diary of which only three fragments have survived: Fragment A
(1533-4), printed in Stanley M. Leathes (ed), Grace Book A, pp 221-30; Fragments
B (1548-9) and C (1556-7), printed in John Lamb, Collection of Letters, pp 109-20,
184-236. Only Fragments A and C are cited in the Records.
Stokys' Book
Cambridge University Archives, Misc. Collect. 4; c 1590; Latin and English; first and third
796 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Royal Visit to Cambridge (Ac)
John Nichols, The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, vol 1 (London, 1823),
pp 185-8. Original not traced.
Nicholas Robinson's Book
Washington, D.C., Folger Shakespeare Library, V.a. 176; c 1564; Latin; paper; ii + 174 + ii;
224mm x 167mm; modern foliation supersedes some earlier foliation in crayon; bound in
leather over boards.
Abraham Hartwell, Regina Literata
REGINA LITERATA I Siuel De serenissimae Dominae Elizabe-- I thae Angliae, Franciae
& Hiberniae Reginae, I fidei defensione illustris, in Acade- miam Cantabrigiensem aduen-
tu. &c. Anno .1564. Aug. 5. I NARRATIO I Abrahami Hartuelli Cantabri- giensis I Ad
Clariss, virum D. Gualterum I Haddonum Regiae Maiestati a sup- plicum libellis tunc
temporis I conscripta, nunc demure I poteris tradita. I Londini. 1565. src: 12897. A manuscript
of this work is CUL: Add. 6861.
Memorandum concerning Royal Visit
Gonville and Caius College Library, 73/40 (ff 232-43); 1613; English (some Latin); paper;
11 leaves (in volume of 450 leaves); 310mm x 200mm (f242 is 270mm x 200mm, f243 is 140mm
x 200mm); foliated (skips f 237); bound in leather over boards, spine repaired. Though the
eleven leaves are in order, their contents are somewhat out of order; internal scribal marks
indicate intended order.
Memorandum concerning Royal Visit
Cambridge University Archives, CUR 27 (Art. 4); 15 May 1615; English; paper; single
gathering of six leaves; 288mm x 168mm; sewn and pasted into guard-book; in hand of James
Tabor.
Dering Manuscript
Cambridge University Library, Add. 2677 (Art. 1); c 1615; Latin and English; paper; gathering
of 6 leaves; 196mm x 150mm; modern foliation supersedes original pagination; bound into
slim volume. Notes on acquisition by CUL pasted into volume.
Art. 1 contains Latin poems and an account of the plays of 1614-15. Art. 2 contains
1641-2 'Prologue and Epilogue.' See Appendix 5 for variant texts of the Latin poems
and of the prologue and epilogue.
Account Book of Henry Butts
Cambridge University Archives, T.X.20; 1629-31; English (some Latin); paper; 90 leaves;
c 205ram x 160mm; foliated; recently bound in leather over boards, title on spine: MISC.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF DR. BUTTS v.c. 1629-31; many leaves heavily repaired.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 797
The Town of Cambridge
The first Cambridge charters date from 1120 at the earliest to 1131 at the latest. 72 A
charter of 1268, modelled on the Oxford charter of 1255, provided for two aldermen
and four associated burgesses to assist the mayor. Bailiffs were authorized by 1215
and a council of twenty-four by 1376. Two treasurers were elected annually by 1347.
By 1529 the town government consisted of a mayor, four bailiffs, and burgesses, all
elected annually at Michaelmas (29 September). An Elizabethan charter of 1589 se-
curing the town's rights over Sturbridge Fair was severely compromised by the fact
that the university retained jurisdiction over victuals, weights, and measures. Sub-
sequent town charters, dated 1605 and 1632, have no bearing on drama or entertain-
ment.
During the fifteenth century Cambridge solicited the goodwill of such magnates
as John, Lord Tiptoft, the duke of York, and the duke of Norfolk: the town presented
gifts to these noblemen and made payments to their entertainers. In 1529 Cambridge
set a national precedent by electing a high steward. 73 The first high steward was the
duke of Norfolk, succeeded by the dukes of Somerset, Northumberland, and again
Norfolk. Like their counterparts in the fifteenth century, these magnates are of con-
sequence to this collection principally for their entertainers or trumpeters, who visited
Cambridge with some frequency. Of far greater consequence in the Records is Roger,
second Baron North, of Kirtling, a member of the new nobility who served as high
steward from 1572 to 1600. Lord North became involved in several hot disputes over
local or visiting players; he was also a patron of musicians in his own household. 74
Francis Bacon, apparently the object of a satirical attack in a Corpus Christi College
play of 1621-2, was high steward 1617-25.
The accounts of the town treasurers, which begin in 1422-3, reflect the eventual
erosion of the town's freedom to admit visiting players. During the fifteenth and much
of the sixteenth century Cambridge was visited by numerous players of various kinds.
The 1570s and 1580s witnessed the continuation of the visits, but also resistance from
the university. During the 1590s the town paid the queen's men only twice and the
lord chamberlain's men once. 7s From the turn of the century almost no players are
mentioned in the town accounts.
In 1579-80 Vice-chancellor John Hatcher reiected Lord Burghley's personal
request to allow the players of his son-in-law, the earl of Oxford, to play in the town.
In 1605-6 the vice-chancellor forced Thomas Greene and John Duke to abandon plans
foran interlude in the town hall, even though they said that the mayor had granted
them permission to perform there. In 1615-16 the vice-chancellor sent the palsgrave's
men packing. In 1629-30 Vice-chancellor Henry Butts denied a direct request from
the chancellor, Lord Holland, to allow a performance by the queen of Bohemia's
players. Prohibitions addressed to players were legalistic and unceremonious; refusals
directed to patrons were more polite, usually expressed as fear of unrest or the plague.
798 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Cambridge waits play such a prominent part in this collection that they are discussed
separately (pp 738-46). Itinerant entertainers, particularly the waits of King's Lynn,
Derby, and Nottingham, visited the town regularly and performed in the colleges as
well (list of Patrons and Travelling Companies). Thus music was encouraged in Cam-
bridge, whereas virtually any other sort of performance, except for the colleges' own
plays, was eventually discouraged or prohibited altogether.
The official repository of historical Cambridge town archives is the Cambridgeshire
County Record Office (cRo), in the Shire Hall, Cambridge. Town archives are
catalogued in a typescript list, 'Cambridge Corporation Archives,' by W.M. Palmer
and E. A.B. Barnard (1928-9). (The 'PB' symbol in document reference numbers re-
fers to this 'Palmer/Barnard' list.) Described by re/-/, pp 29-30, and by J.M.P. Farrar,
'Annual Report of the County Archivist for the year 1975' (Cambridgeshire County
Council, 1975), 15-16.
An important body of town muniments was deposited in the Downing College Li-
brary by John Bowtell about 1794. The first ten Bowtell volumes are Cambridge
treasurers' books; of these, the first five contain accounts from 1510-11 to 1641-2.
Also in the Bowtell collection are 'Metcalf's Thesaurus' and 'Wickstede's Thesaurus.'
The manuscripts are catalogued in the typescript 'Downing College Library, Cam-
bridge, MSS from the Bowtell Bequest' (1978). Described by/-/Me (Downing).
CAMBRIDGE PARISHES
Some sixteen parish churches distinguished medieval and renaissance Cambridge. 76
Cambridge churchwardens' accounts are now preserved in the cRo, where such
accounts for the entire county are listed in a typescript catalogue. Four excerpts from
churchwardens' accounts are cited in the Records: one from Holy Trinity (1508-9)
and three from Great St Mary's (1517-18, 1567-8, 1635-6).
Numerous references to parish entertainments occur in the accounts of colleges
closely associated with parish churches. Thus the accounts of King's Hall contain
numerous expenditures on Great St Mary's, which was appropriated by the college
in 1343, and was later designated the University Church. All Saints' Church also had
a particular bond with King's Hall, perhaps because of its physical proximity, and
is frequently mentioned in the college accounts. Similiarly, Little St Mary's is the
parish church referred to in the accounts of Peterhouse, which used the church as its
chapel until the construction of a chapel within the college walls in 1632.
CAMBRIDGE GUILDS
Some thirty religious guilds have been identified for medieval Cambridge. Most were
parish guilds founded for social and devotional purposes. The bulk of surviving guild
documents are in the PRO. The only guild document cited in the Records is the minute
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
book of the guild of Corpus Christi (1349-50, 1352-3), preserved among the mun-
iments of Corpus Christi College. z7
799
Town Documents
Common Day Book
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/6; 1564-77; Latin and English; paper; iii + 119 + iii;
310mm x 210mm (c 270ram x c 150ram); originally foliated to f 101, paginated to end (recent
pagination supersedes older foliation); bound in parchment over boards, title of c 1800 on
spine: Common Day Book from 6th Elizth. to 19th I; first leaves in poor condition.
Original foliation indicates that the first page is now missing. The 'I" in the title on
the spine has eluded any obvious explanation. Although this document is described
here for the record, all citations are taken from the Register Book (described below)
with cross-references given in the Endnotes.
Common Day Book
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/7; 1610-47; English and Latin; paper; xiv + 340 + xiii;
300mm x 195mm; foliated to f 233, then paginated pp 234-445; bound in reversed calf over
boards; spine repaired.
Register Book
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/57; c 1544-82; Latin and English; paper; xi + 512 + xiv;
380mm x 245mm (300mm x 155mm); unfoliated first gathering, remainder foliated 1-298,230-
444 (note overlapping foliation); 1929 binding in blind-stamped reversed calf over boards, title
on spine: Register Book 1539-82.
This volume is a fair copy of the proceedings of Borough Common Days and of en-
rolments of deeds in the town court, 1544-82. It incorporates material from the Com-
mon Day Book, PB/6 (see above). The will of John Faune (1550-1) occurs on ff 47v-8
Metcalf's Thesaurus
Downing College Library, Bowtell 11; c 1592-1630; English; paper; xxiv + 212 + xviii;
295mm x 190mm (240mm x 120mm); original foliation (first 16 leaves unfoliated); c 1794 bind-
ing by John Bowtell in half-leather and marbled paper over boards, title on spine:
METCALF'S THESAURUS.
A previously unnoted contemporary copy of this volume is cut: MS Ff. 3.33. Thomas
Medcalfe (or Metcalf) was mayor, 1592-3.
Wickstede's Thesaurus
Downing College Library, Bowtell 12; 1613-30; English; paper; xiv + 321 + viii; 295mm
x 200mm (270mm x c 170mm); foliated in two parts (first part begins with f 3 since two leaves
800 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
were lost before volume was bound); c 1794 binding by John Bowtell in half-leather and mar-
bled paper over boards, title on spine: WICKSTEDE THESAURUS. John Wickstede was
mayor, 1613-14.
Treasurers' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/X/70/1-10, X/71/1-10; 1422-1501; Latin; parchment;
rolls, serially attached, mostly two membranes (minimum 1, maximum 4); average 670-
960ram long (minimum 630mm, maximum 2.74m), 260-360mm wide; written on one side
only except for X/71/3, a single membrane; membranes not numbered; paper wrappers; X/71
series has decorated capitals.
X/70/1-10 1422-36 (except 1428-31, 1432-3)
X/71/1-10 1483-1501 (except 1486-8, 1491-3, 1494-8)
Treasurers' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/XVII/24B; 1500-1 ; Latin; paper; roll of 10 membranes,
serially attached; 4.29m x 310ram; modern pencil numbering; fragment of lost first membrane.
Rough version of parchment roll X/71/10, which is cited in the Records.
Treasurers' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/X/71A; 1503-4; Latin; paper; roll of 12 membranes,
serially attached; 4.8m x 320ram; modern pencil numbering.
Treasurers' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/XVII/24A; 1513-14; Latin; paper; roll of 13 membranes
plus fragment, serially attached; 5.82m x 310ram; membranes numbered [iii], iv-vii, 1-9; first
two membranes missing.
Treasurers' Books
Downing College Library, Bowtell 1-5; 1510-1642; English; paper; average 400 leaves per
volume; c 315mm x c 220mm (minimum 240ram x 155mm); haphazard early foliation super-
seded by new pencil foliation; separate annual accounts gathered into large volumes; c 1794
bindings by John Bowtell in boards, marbled paper, half-leather, titles on spines: LIBER
RATIONALIS (with dates). The complete Liber Rationalis series runs to 10 volumes, 1510-
1787.
Vol 1
Vol 2
Vol 3
Vol 4
Vol 5
1510-61 (except 1511-15, 1519-21, 1522-3, 1526-7, 1528-30, 1533-5, 1541-2,
1544-5, 1553-4, 1555-9, 1559-60)
1561-89 (except 1566-7, 1575-82)
1590-1611 (except 1598-9)
1611-28 (except 1612-13, 1618-19, 1626-7)
1628-42 (except 1639-40)
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 801
Subsidy Roll, Market Ward
Cambridgeshire Record Office, PB/XVII/23; 1513; paper; roll of 10 membranes serially
attached, with extra sheet at end; 4.3m x 310ram.
Town Complaint, with University's Reply
London, PRO, SP12/279, Art. 66(2) (ff 114-18); 1601 ; English; paper; 5 single sheets (some
originally bifolia ?); 315ram x 220mm, first sheet has a smaller sheet ( 180m m x 120mm) pasted
onto recto; bound into guard-book, titled: 1601 Towne Complaintes Vniuersitie answers /
Cambridge.
Parish Documents
Holy Trinity Churchwardens' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, P22/5/1; 1504-58; English; paper; i + 118 + iii; 306mm
x 218mm; modern pencil foliation, starting with f 11, attempts to respect original construction
of the volume (of the 10 leaves missing at the beginning, 3 are bound in at the end); bound
in half-leather and marbled paper (herring-bone pattern) over boards, gold-stamped label on
cover: xx. HEN. vn. TO v. PHILIP & MARY. A modern transcript of these accounts is
CRO: R84/15.
Great St Mary Churchwardens' Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, P30/4/1 ; 1504-1635; English; paper; vi + 394 + vi; 300mm
x 200-15mm; mixture of original (roman and arabic) and modern foliation, with some con-
fusion and some corrections; bound in blind-tooled leather over boards; faded label on cover.
The first volume of Great St Mary's churchwardens' accounts has been edited by John
E. Foster, Churchwardens'Accounts of St Mary the Great Cambridge from 1504 to
1635.
Great St Mary Churchwardens" Accounts
Cambridgeshire Record Office, P30/4/2; 1635-99; English; paper; i+ 285 + vi; 348mm x
220mm; early pagination; bound in leather over boards, labels on cover.
Guild Document
Corpus Christi Guild Minutes
Corpus Christi College Archives, Masters N1 ; 1349-61 ; Latin; paper; 18 leaves in gathering,
plus 1 extra leaf; 295mm x 215mm; modern foliation in pencil at bottom left of rectos; recently
rebound in stiff parchment. Originally blank pages at end contain Corpus Christi College
accounts for 1398-9.
802 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Royal, Court, and Diplomatic Documents
JURISDICTIONAL DOCUMENTS
In most instances the vice-chancellor's court proved sufficient to control behaviour
in the university or within the five-mile limits; on several occasions, however, com-
plaints or appeals went outside the university.
Submission of Thomas and Richard Paris
London, BL, Lansdowne 33, Art. 33 (f 66); 17 May 1581 ; English; paper; single sheet; 274mm
x 200mm; pasted into guard-book.
Star Chamber Court Book
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson A.128; 1632; English; paper; i + 45 + i; 330mm
x 210ram; pencil foliation; stiff parchment binding, soiled, ties broken.
Deposition of Edward Cropley against James Preist
London, PRO, SP16/293 (f 197); 5July I635; English; paper; single sheet; 195mm x 150mm;
bound into guard-book, no seal, endorsed: an Informacion against Iames Preist.
Warrant against Showing Lions without a Licence
London, PRo, SP16/303 (f 249); 13 December 1635; English; paper; single sheet; 355mm
x 240mm; bound into guard-book.
Petition of Robert Gill
London, PRo, SP16/304 (f 115); 18 December 1635; English; paper; single sheet; 290mm
x 190mm; bound into guard-book; much torn, especially along bottom, repaired.
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS
On several occasions the court paid for building or supervising stages for royal per-
formances. The official in charge of these payments was the treasurer of the chamber.
Treasurer of the Chamber Accounts
London, PRO, E351/544; 1614-16; English; parchment; roll of 226 membranes, attached at
top; c 660ram x c 510mm (x 265mm); written on both sides; membranes numbered. The index
for this manuscript is PRo, AO1/393/66 (ff 27-8).
Office of Works, Declared Accounts
London, PRO, E351/3250; 1615-16; English; parchment; roll of 24 membranes, attached at
top; c 630mm x 470mm; membranes not numbered.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 803
Lord Chamberlain's Warrant Book
London, PRO, LC5/132, 1628-34; English; paper; ii + c 136 + ii; 355mm x 225mm; paginated;
bound in stiff parchment (now over boards), recently rebound, spine repaired, thong as fas-
tener, leaves enclosed in rice-paper.
DIPLOMATIC LETTERS
Letters from Guzm:in de Silva to the King of Spain and the Duchess of Parma
Sirnancas, Archivo General, Legajo 817 (ff 76, 78, 82); 7, 12, and 19 August 1564; Spanish
(Castilian); paper; letters; 334mm x 228mm; fragments or evidence of seals.
Letter from Francesco Quaratesi to Curzio Picchena
Florence, Archivio di Stato, Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4192; 5 March 1615; Italian;
paper; single sheet; 300mm x 200mm; addresses on versos, seals or evidence of seals.
Letters from Amerigo Salvetti to Andrea Cioli
Florence, Archivio di Stato, Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4198; 12, 19, 26 March, and
2 April 1632; Italian; paper; single sheets; 300mm x 200mm.
Letter from Amerigo Salvetti to Andrea Cioli
Florence, Archivio di Stato, Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4199; 15 February 1636;
Italian; paper; single sheet; 300ram x 200ram.
PRIVATE LETTERS
Anonymous Letter on the Royal Visit
London, 8L, Add. 46367; c 1544-81 ; English (some Arabic, Latin, and Greek); paper; i +
143 + ii;295mm x 195mm; original foliation in ink superseded by modern foliation in pencil;
bound in tooled, gold-stamped leather over boards, title on spine: Harington MS. Letter of
10 August 1564 on f 34v.
Roger Ascham to Lord Robert Dudley (Ac)
London, BL, Add. 33271; c 1590; English and Latin; parchment; ii + 46 + i ii; 365mm x 530mm
(280ram x 365mm); BL binding in black leather over boards, title on cover: LETTERS,
SPEECHES, ETC. 1545-1579. Letter of 5 August 1564 at f 19.
William Beale to William Boswell
London, PRO, SPI 5/43 (f 1); 1623; Latin; paper; single sheet; 300mm x 200mm; bound into
guard-book; seal. Holograph.
Joseph Beaumont to his Father, John Beaumont (A)
George Nayler (ed), 'Two Original Papers. One, a Letter containing an Account of the
Reception of King Charles the Second, when Prince of Wales, at Cambridge, in 1641 .... '
Archaeologia, 18 (1817), 29-30.
804 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Original not traced. Nayler, a member of the College of Heralds, reports (p 29) that
he encountered the letter(s) in the way of private business.
Samuel Brooke to Sir Dudley Carleton
London, PRO, SP16/149, Art. 108 (ff 151-Ibis); 28 September 1629; English; paper; bifolium;
295mm x 200mm; bound into guard-book, broken and repaired along fold, seal. Holograph.
John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton
London, PRo, SP14/71 (f 122), 14/72 (ff 139-40), 14/80 (ff 75-6, 105-6, 159-60), 14/86
(ff 187-8, 228-9), 14/138 (ff 100-1), 14/139 (ff 86-7), 14/140 (ff 21-2), 14/176 (ff 77-8);
16 ! 2-25; English; paper; bifolia; c 315mm x c 210mm; bound into guard-books; seals variously
intact, fragmentary, or lost; most letters heavily repaired. Holographs.
John Flower to Viscount Scudamore
London, pro, C ! 15/M31/8148, M32/8191 ; 3, 24 March 1632; English; paper; bifolia; 290mm
x 192mm, 298mm x 188mm; unbound; outer edge of 8148 damaged in 2 places (by mice?),
bottom quarter of second leaf of 8191 torn away. Holographs.
Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, to William Paget
London, PRO, SP1/210 (ff 119-23); 13 November 1545; English; paper; 2 bifolia plus wrapper;
310mm x 210mm; bound into guard-book. Holograph.
George Garrard to the Earl of Stratford
Sheffield, Central Library, Archives Division, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, Stratford
Papers 15/332; 25 January 1636; English; paper; bifolium; 290mm x 190mm; unbound; per-
sonal signature, no seal. Holograph.
Sir Henry Herbert to Viscount Scudamore
London, PRO, C115/N3/8548; 2 March 1632; English; paper; bifolium; 315mm x 207mm;
unbound; no seal or address. Holograph.
Sir John Holies to his Son, Denzil
Nottingham, Nottingham University Library, Portland Papers, Pw V 2; 16th-17th c.;
English; paper; ii + 119 + ii; 185mm x 150mm; paginated; bound in white leather. Sir John
Holies' letter-book and common-place book; letter of 4 March 1615 on pp 101-3. Copy.
Joseph Mead to Martin Stuteville
London, BL, Harley 389-90; 1621-9; English; paper; bifolia; smallest 270mm x 162mm,
largest 300mm x 192mm; pencil foliation supersedes ink foliation; bound into guard-books;
some letters repaired, some evidence of seals. Holographs.
Charles Montagu to Edward Montagu
Northampton, Northamptonshire Record Office, Montagu Papers, vol 3 (p 119); 12 March
1623; English; paper; single sheet; 262mm x 161mm (253mm x 150mm); bound into guard-
book, wrapper (p 121) has seal. Holograph.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 807
Edward Forcett, Concio ad Concionatores
St John's College Library, K. 16 (336); 1603; Latin; paper; iv + 62 + iii; 182mm x 145mm;
foliated; bound in half-leather over boards, tide on spine: CONCIO AD CONCIONA-
TORES. ^.D. 1603. MS. Treatise addressed to the fellows of Trinity College by Forcett, a
former member of the college.
Thomas Fuller, Outline History of the University
Jesus College Library, R.2.5 (formerly R. 3.42);c 1635; Latin and English; paper; c 60 leaves;
425mm x 280ram; numbered by openings (1,2, 3... 26, 26x, 27, 27x, etc); bound in leather
over boards, spine repaired.
Thomas Fuller (1608-61) apparently drew up this abstract while preparing his History
of the University. Although most of the events he notes occurred before his birth,
Fuller had opportunity to collect information from eye-witnesses, including his
father, also named Thomas, who matriculated from Trinity College in 1584, remained
at Cambridge through the decade of the 1590s, and was still alive in 1632.
Thomas Fuller, History of the University
Thomas Fuller, History of the University of Cambridge since the Conquest. Part of The
Church-History of Britain: from the Birth of Jesus Christ, until the Year 1648 (London, 1655).
Wing: F2416.
Thomas Fuller, Worthies of England
Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, 3 vols (London, 1662). Wing: F2440.
John Hacker, Scrinia Reserata (^)
John Hacker, Scrinia Reserata: A Memorial Offer 'd to the Great Deservings of John Williams,
D.D. (London, 1693). Wing: H171.
John Leland, Poetic Encomia (^c)
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Tanner 464, vol iv; c 1576; Latin; paper; iv + 68 + iv; 207ram
x 147ram; pencil foliation; bound in leather over boards, title on spine: LELAND *v; in hand
of John Stow.
This is the fourth of five notebooks in which John Stow recorded compositions by
Leland some years after Leland's death in 1552. In 1589 the Cheshire poet Thomas
Newton printed more than 250 of Leland's poems in Principvm, Ac illustrium aliquot
6 eruditorum in Anglia virorum; Encomia, Troph,ea, Genethliaca; & Epithalamia
(src: 15447).
Thomas Ball, Life of Doctor Preston
Thomas Ball, The Life of Doctor Preston, E.W. Harcourt (ed) (Oxford, 1885). Wing: C4513
808 INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Harcourt states, 'the manuscript is in the library at Nuneham.' Neither the present
location of the library (near Oxford) nor the manuscript itself has been traced. First
printed in Samuel Clarke, A General Martyrologie, Containing a Collection of all the
greatest Persecutions which have befallen the Church of Christ, from the Creation to
our Present Times. Whereunto are added, the Lives of Sundry Modem Divines (Lon-
don, 1651).
Thomas Smith, De recta & emendata lingwe Grece pronuntiatione
De recta & emendata LINGVAS GRASCAS PRONVN- I tiatione, Thoma: Smithi Angli, tunc
in Aca-I demia Cantabrigiensi publici pra:lectoris ad Vintoniensem Episcopum Epistola.
... I LVTETIAS, I Ex officina Roberti Stephani Typographi Regij. I M. D. LXVIII. I CVM
PRIVILEGIO REGIS. src: 22856.5.
John Weever, Epigrams
EPIGRAMMES I in the oldest cut, and I newest fashion. I A I twise seuen houres (in so many
weekes) studie I No longer (like the fashion) not vn- I like to continue. Thefi'rst seuen I
Iohn Weeuer. Sit voluisse, Sat valuisse, I At London Printed by V.S. for Thomas Bushell,
and are to be sold at his shop at the great north doore I of Paules 1599. sTc: 25224.
William Whiteway, Diary
London, BL, Egerton 784; 1618-41 ; English; paper; 121 leaves; 135mm x 75mm; original foli-
ation superseded by modern foliation; bound in gold-stamped leather.
William Whiteway (1599-1635) was a Dorchester merchant. He started writing his
diary in 1618 and continued to do so up to the time of his death. For a full account
of Whiteway's life and times see Thomas D. Murphy, 'The Diary of William White-
way of Dorchester, County Dorset, from the Year 1618 to the Year 1635,' PhD thesis
(Yale, 1939).
Miscellaneous
John Bale, Scriptorum ... Catalogus
SCRIPTORVM IL- I lustrium maioris Brytanniae, quam I nunc Angliam & Scotiam uocant:
Ca- I talogus ... ... I Autore IOANNE BALEO ... ... BASILEAE, APUD 10AN. nero
Oporinum. sTc: 1296a. This undated 2-volume work was published in 1557 and 1559.
Lady Margaret Beaufort's Household Accounts
St John's College Archives, D91.21 ; 1505-7; English; paper; 86 leaves; 288mm x 208rnrn; pagi-
nated (rectos only); bound in limp parchment.
Matthew Hutton, Personal Accounts
Northallerton, North Yorkshire County Record Office, ZAZ 76; 1614-15; English; paper;
bifolium; 330mm x ll0mm.
INSTITUTIONS AND DOCUMENTS 809
Will of Nicholas Prime
Cambridge University Library, Ely Diocesan Records, WR. 1 ; 1529-44; English (some Latin);
paper; viii + 287 + ii; 282mm x 192mm; foliated; recently rebound in half-leather over boards,
title on spine: ARCHDEACONRY OF ELY 1529-1544. Will register; Prime's will, dated
12 January 1543, entered on ff 196-7v.
The date of Prime's death can be determined within a three month period. By 13 April
1543 both he and his widow were dead, she dying so soon after her husband that the
administration of the will was not formally entrusted to her. The entry in the diocesan
records which includes the text of the will appoints an administrator for the estate
and a guardian for Prime's minor son.
Report to Parliament concerning Cambridge Colleges
London, BL, Harley 7019 (ff 52-93); 1641; English; paper; i + 41; single sheets; 375mm x
265mm; foliated; bound into guard-book, title on first page: Innovations in Religion & abuses
in Government in ye Vniversity of Cambridge
Editorial Procedures
Principles of Selection
- Geographical boundaries. This collection embraces the whole of Cambridge, in-
cluding colleges, university, town government, parish churches, and religious guilds.
In the late middle ages the town of Cambridge included the built-up area within a
one-mile radius of the parish church of Great St Mary's on the market (see map 4).
In 1570 Queen Elizabeth granted to the university powers of supervision over persons
and activities within a five-mile radius of Great St Mary's, an area which takes in
Chesterton to the north-east and the Gog Magog Hills to the south-east. In 1605 the
university precinct was officially defined as extending to this five-mile limit.
With a very few exceptions, the geographical scope of this collection is coterminous
with the limits of the university's jurisdiction. Several performances beyond the five-
mile limit have been included because they were first planned or staged in Cambridge.
These remote performances include a student masque before Elizabeth at Hin-
chingbrooke, near Huntingdon (1563-4); a comedy before Elizabeth at Audley End,
near Saffron Walden (1577-8); a Trinity College play at Royston (1615-16); and a
Queens' College play at Newmarket (1622-3).
- Music. Musical activity for secular occasions has been included in this collection,
but not musical activity for liturgical purposes, though the distinction is not always
clear. Purchases of viols and viol strings by Trinity College have been noted, although
these may have been used in the chapel. Ownership of instruments by individuals
other than waits has not been systematically recorded.
- Tournaments. From 1234 to 1305 the royal court acted six times to restrict or al-
together prevent tournaments at Cambridge. Since there is no evidence to suggest that
such tournaments involved mimetic display, these records have been excluded, zs
- Academic ceremony. University and college ceremony, including disputations and
commencement exercises, was frequently treated as entertainment for the benefit of
visiting dignitaries. Elaborate descriptions of such exercises survive, along with
EDITORIAL PROCEDURES
813
custom and may be beyond recovery. Appendix 18 gives the dates of most feasts
named in the documents, or, for movable feasts, directions for discovering the dates
in a given year. Dates which cannot be discovered by reference to Appendix 18 are
given in the appropriate heading, footnote, or endnote.
Most documents are included within their proper administrative year: thus a docu-
ment from 29July 1593 is included in the year 1592-3, whereas a document from 30
October 1575 is included in the year 1575-6. Where all items cited from a non-
standard account can be assigned with confidence to a given administrative year, those
items are printed without further comment (eg, Corpus Christi accounts from 1465-6
and 1470-1 to 1478-9). Where items cited from a non-standard account may refer
to events in either of two administrative years, the account is assigned to the year to
which the bulk of the account applies and an explanation or a caution is supplied in
an endnote (eg, Trinity College accounts from 1547-8 to 1550-1). Where non-
standard accounts were kept quarter by quarter, as at St John's College, the accounts
of the fourth (October) quarter are placed in the following year, where they properly
belong. Reminiscences or allusions to events in years gone by are normally assigned
to the year of the event. Although every effort has been made to assign documents
to particular years, sometimes by reasonable conjecture, a few documents have re-
sisted close dating: these undatable documents are assigned to Appendix 1.
The date range of a given account, if less than the entire administrative year, is given
in an editorial subheading. When the specific date of an event can be established, it
is given either in a subheading or in a footnote. For the King's College Liber Com-
munarum series, editorial subheadings not only give the date span of the week in which
payments were made, but are also intended to serve as an aid to locating the payments
in the unfoliated originals. (Thus, for example, entries cited from the 1450-1 Liber
Communarum occur in the accounts for Michaelmas week, Christmas week, the sec-
ond week after Christmas, and the third and fourth weeks after Easter: precise dates
for those weeks are given in the subheadings; the entries may be located in the original
volumes under the accounts for the appropriate weeks.)
At times, particularly in plague years, commencement exercises and other cere-
monies were postponed. The following provisional list of plague years is chiefly de-
rived from Cooper, Annals, Index, s.v. Pestilence: 1348, 1389, 1447, 1485, 1491-5,
1513, 1514, 1521, 1526, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1545, 1546, 1551, 1563, 1574,
1577, 1580, 1593, 1603, 1605, 1608, 1610, 1625, 1630, 1631, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1641,
1642. s* The plague was usually most virulent in the hot summer months.
Layout
Each entry in the Records is preceded by a name or descriptive title, along with a brief
identification of its source. On a separate line the folio, page, or membrane number
is given, along with the precise accounting period of the entry (where known), and
816 EDITORIAL PROCEDURES
a virtually unreadable text, it has been decided to transcribe Tabor's hand as if every
letter were, in fact, visible; footnotes or pointed brackets are supplied only where
entire words or essential meanings are in doubt. Furthermore, to make the difficult
1610-11 riot documents easier to read, abbreviated names have been expanded even
when they lack a mark of abbreviation, although this is an exception to P, EED'S usual
practice.
Unfoliated and Oddly Numbered Manuscripts
Unfoliated manuscripts with a small number of leaves or membranes have been
counted by hand and conjectural folio numbers supplied in square brackets. Such con-
jectural foliation, however, may be awkward and indeed unreliable for manuscripts
with a large number of leaves, especially when irregularities such as torn leaves and
inserted sheets will virtually guarantee that various users will count folios differently.
Most annual accounts are organized internally by year and by account heading and/or
term. Following this logic, unfoliated accounts from King's College (also, in lesser
numbers, from Christ's and Corpus Christi), are marked 'nf' to signify lack of foli-
ation; then, following the account heading, a folio count is supplied within square
brackets. This supplied foliation reckons the leaf on which the subdivision begins as
folio 1. (A special system for identifying account headings in the King's College Liber
Communarum series is explained on p 813.)
Where two manuscripts or two leaves have by error been given the same number
by a scribe or cataloguer, the second occurrence is marked 'bis." Where a volume or
sheet of paper has been turned upside down for an entry, 'rev' (for reversed) follows
the folio or page number.
In several of the manuscripts cited in the Records, not folios or pages but 'openings'
are numbered: as the manuscript is opened, the same number is assigned to the left-
hand and the right-hand pages of the opening. In Magdalene College Archives Register
B/421, moreover, the left-hand page of any given opening is marked with a subscript
"a,' the right-hand page with a subscript 'b': this practice results in a reversal of the
modern convention which designates rectos as 'a' and versos as 'b.' Jesus College
Library R.2.5 is organized as a sequence of annual tables in chronological order, each
table extending across an entire opening. When the table for a given year carries on
to the next opening, a subscript 'x' is added to the second opening: thus, for example,
opening 28x follows opening 28.
Texts with Multiple Copies
Where records exist in multiple copies, the editor has attempted to select the 'most
authentic' copy as the source text for transcription. Two cases deserve special atten-
tion:
EDITORIAL PROCEDURES
817
1/ Where a letter was transmitted from one party to another and copies were made
by sender, recipient, or both, preference is given to the letter which was actually sent
(often distinguished by fold marks, seals, etc). If the transmitted document does not
survive, a registered copy is used as source text.
2/Where accounts and letters exist both in rough (or draft) form and in neat (or
finished) form, preference is given to the neat version, which may be considered more
'official.'
When two or more copies of the same record survive, the editor has chosen one
as source text and recorded the copy or copies in the Endnotes. Although normal REED
policy requires collation of all significant variants, the large number of copies surviving
in the university environment has forced a compromise in this collection: footnote
collation against variant texts is provided only when differences extend to entire
phrases. Differences in capitalization, forms of abbreviation, word division, or punc-
tuation are not collated.
Transcriptions by the Cambridge antiquary Thomas Baker (1656-1740) are listed
in the Endnotes, along with any more nearly contemporary copies, to allow for check-
ing the work of previous historians, who often cite Baker as principal source even
though the originals from which Baker transcribed can almost always be traced. The
Baker manuscripts are now divided between the British Library (Baker 1-23 =
Harley 7028-50) and the Cambridge University Library (Baker 24-42 = Mm. 1.35-
53). 82 Because others refer to the manuscripts sometimes by shelf-marks and some-
times by the numbers Baker himself gave to his volumes, and because the relationship
between shelf-mark and Baker number is never obvious, both systems are always
cited. A compilation made by members of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Index
to the Baker Manuscripts (Cambridge, 1848), provides further details.
Certain additional antiquarian transcriptions are included in the Endnotes for the
express purpose of alerting the reader to the fact that those transcriptions are derivative
and not original. Two groups of manuscripts have been systematically excluded from
the Endnotes: the handsome but inherently derivative university registers compiled
by Robert Hare before his death in 1611 (see Venn and DN/); and transcriptions made
by the Cambridge antiquary William Cole (1714-82) now among the Additional
manuscripts in the British Library (see Venn and DN/). The latter may be consulted
with the aid of George J. Gray, Index to the Contents of the Cole Manuscripts in the
British Museum (Cambridge, 1912).
Notes
1 Charles Henry Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, 5 vols, remains the closest approx-
imation to a comprehensive history of the town. vc/-/, pp 1-149, a summary his-
tory, is the source of all undocumented references in this essay. Most of the count-
less histories or descriptions of Cambridge are entirely derivative. An exception,
despite the author's disclaimer, is Thomas D. Atkinson, Cambridge Described
& Illustrated. An engaging set of essays is F.A. Keynes, By-ways of Cambridge
History, whose chapters on 'Cambridge Waits and Orlando Gibbons' and 'Early
Drama in Cambridge' are now, however, somewhat out of date.
James Bass Mullinger, The University of Cambridge, 3 vols, is the standard
history of the university. The earliest comprehensive history is Thomas Fuller,
History of the University of Cambridge (citation from p 120). vcH, pp 150-210,
provides an overview with bibliographical references. The university is also
prominent in Cooper, Annals. Detailed descriptions of university customs, of-
rices, and institutions are given in R.J. Tanner (ed), Historical Register.
Further details concerning the university and town are given on pp 778-81,
797-8.
2 VCla, pp 109-11 (includes maps showing town growth); and Nigel Goose,
'Household Size and Structure in Early-Stuart Cambridge,' Social History, 5
(1980), 347-85 (census details pp 353, 384-5). Miri Rubin, in Charity and
Community in Medieval Cambridge (Cambridge, 1987), 44, estimates the total
population of Cambridge at no less than 3,500 at the beginning of the fourteenth
century.
3 vc, pp 102-3; Goose, 'Household Size,' pp 355-8.
4 VCla, pp 7, 92-4; Mary Bateson and Frederic W. Maitland, The Charters of the
Borough of Cambridge (Cambridge, 1901), 97; and Daniel Defoe, A TourThro'
the Whole Island of Great Britain, 4th ed, vol 1 (London, 1748), 91-2.
5 See p 343 and endnote.
6 vcl-l, pp 160-1; Mark H. Curtis, Oxford and Cambridge m Transition, 1558-
1642, p 36.
7 Tanner, Historical Register, p 24; Curtis, pp 36-41, 54-82.
8 Curtis, p 3.
NOTES
819
9 VCl-l, pp 8-12; citation from p 11. Cambridge was one of six towns exempted from
the general pardon of November 1381.
10 vcn, pp 1, 29.
11 Cooper, Annals, vol 1, pp 348-9 (1532); vol 2, pp 557-8 (1596); vol 3, pp 20-1
(1605-6), 46-7, 53, 55 (1611-12). See also Gray, Mayors, pp 22-9.
12 yen, pp 81-3.
13 H.C. Porter, Reformation and Reaction.
14 VCH, p 15.
15 Chambers, ms, vol 1, pp 393-403. See also p 756, on the plays of Henry Medwall.
16 Willis and Clark, Architectural History, vol 2, p 214. Andrews matriculated in
1664 and became a fellow in 1669.
17 Smith, College Plays, pp 14-16; and Smith, 'Academic Drama,' 174-82.
18 Smith, 'Academic Drama,' 194. Payment for work in the acting chamber in
1664-5, noted on the same page, cannot be taken as evidence of a performance.
19 See also the payment by Matthew Hutton in 1614-15 (p 539).
20 For histories and descriptions of college halls and chapels, see Willis and Clark,
Architectural History; and Royal Commission on Historical Monuments,
England, An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the City of Cambridge,
2 vols (London, 1959).
21 The accounts of Queens' College for 1560-1 seem to suggest that a spectacle
(show?) was performed in the president's lodge ('in cubiculo presidis'). See also
Queens' College accounts for 1548-9.
22 Leslie Hotson has attempted to reconstruct the Queens' College stage in Shake-
speare's Wooden 0 (New York, 1960), 169-72.
23 Smith, College Plays, pp 26-8, notes many references to stage houses in Cam-
bridge play texts.
24 See also R.B. Graves, 'Stage Lighting at the Elizabethan and Early Stuart Courts,'
Theatre Notebook, 38 (1984), 27-36.
25 Smith, College Plays, p 31: 'The chest at Queens' is still in existence.'
26 Nan Cooke Carpenter, 'Musicians in Early University Drama,' Notes and
Queries, 195 (1950), 470-2, discusses some aspects of this topic.
27 See 'Manner of Production of College Plays,' in Smith, College Plays, pp 17-48;
and L.J. Mills, 'The Acting in University Comedy,' 212-30.
28 The first two stage directions are taken from Richardus Tertius, Robert Lordi (ed)
(New York, 1979), Part n, Act v, Scene i, following line 87; and Part m, Act v,
Scene viii, following line 43. The second two are from Destruction of Jerusalem,
CuL: Add. 7958, Part , Act v (f 46); and Part m, Act v (f 70v).
Note objections to cross-dressing in 1614-15 (pp 543-4); biblical grounds are dis-
cussed in the endnote.
Other references to the purchase of writing materials occur in the accounts of
Queens' College (1549-50) and of Trinity (1554-5, 1620-1 ). A printed copy of
Albumazar, by Thomas Tomkis, contains contemporary manuscript stage
820 NOTES
directions (Appendix 6:1). A part book survives from Oxford: see David
Carnegie, 'Actors' Parts and the "Play of Poore,"' Harvard Library Bulletin, 30
(1982), 5-24.
3 ! Thomas Brandon, Henry vm's juggler, visited Cambridge in 1532-3, 1534-5, and
1535-6. Edward v's jester performed in 1548-9 and 1552-3; tumblers performed
in 1572-3 and 1574-5; a jester in 162 7-8; and Charles 's jester in 1631-2 (see
Patrons and Travelling Companies). Simonds D'Ewes reports having seen a rope-
dancer in the town in 1619-20. For a possible exclusion of a dancer at Chesterton,
see Records, 1568-9, and endnote.
32 These prohibitions were not applied with equal force to bull-baiting, which was
considered less a sport than a technique of rendering the flesh more wholesome:
a bullring was erected on the market in 1603-4; owners who allowed a bull to
be slaughtered without first being baited were fined by the university in 1641-2.
33 Atkinson, Cambridge Described, pp 81-5; you, p 120; and Keynes, By-ways,
pp 1-15.
34 I am grateful to Professor Robert Tittler for calling the Thaxted town hall to my
attention.
35 The 'common playe' from which John Crowfoote was 'Drawen by the heeles'
may have been performed in an upstairs room at the Elephant (see pp 1228-30).
36 On Cambridge inns, see Atkinson, Cambridge Described, pp 71-6; Palmer,
Cambridge Borough Documents, vol 1, pp 138-40; and you, pp 115-16. Atkin-
son (pp 73-4), reports: 'The Falcon has now ceased to be used as an inn, but it
is a very good example of the old arrangement. Till quite recently the court was
entirely surrounded by the timber buildings of the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries,
and the west and south sides still stand almost unaltered. The buildings are in three
floors, the two upper of which have open galleries, projecting slightly over the
ground storey. The galleries probably ran all round the court originally .... The
galleries on the east side appear to have been destroyed in the last century to form
a large reception room, the three round-headed windows of which appear in our
illustration' (Figure 5B).
37 B.R. Hartley, 'The Wandlebury Iron Age Hill-Fort, Excavations of 1955-6,' cas:
Proceedings, 50 (1957), 1-27.
38 El-H. Marsden, (ed)], College Life in the Time of James the First (Cambridge,
1851), 97.
39 Chambers, MS, vol 1, pp 336-71 ; suppression of the feast described p 366. See
also Boas, University Drama, pp 10-11.
40 Boas, pp 4-8. See also the Oxford collection to be published in the REED series.
41 Coventry, R.W. Ingrain (ed), IEED (Toronto, 1981).
42 G.C.M. Smith, Thomas Randolph, Warton Lecture on English Poetry, British
Academy (London, 1927), 25.
43 The source for this episode is the mid-sixteenth-century master of Corpus Christi
College, John Joscelyn, whose manuscript history of the college has been
NOTES
821
44
46
47
48
published as Historiola Collegii Corporis Christi, J.W. Clark (ed), CAS, Octavo
Series 17 (1880); the incident is described pp 12-17. The account cited is by Fuller,
History of the University, pp 44-5. See also Cooper, Annals, vol 1, pp 303,324;
Gray, Mayors, p 22; and vet-i, p 373.
On Sturbridge Fair, see p 706; on all Cambridge fairs, see Atkinson, Cambridge
Described, pp 203-13; and vet-i, pp 91-5.
The office of the lord of taps survived until 1833: Cambridge Borough Docu-
ments, vol 1, p 166.
Cambridge churches are described in more detail, p 798.
See King's Hall account for 1364-5 and endnote.
Hocktide ceremonies are described by Chambers, Ms, vol 1, pp 154-6; and by
J. Charles Cox, Churchwardens" Accounts from the Fourteenth Century to the
Close of the Seventeenth Century (London, 1913), 64-5, 261-3.
Cooper, Annals, records royal visits for the entire history of Cambridge. Docu-
ments and descriptions from 1564 onward are published by Nichols, Progresses
of Elizabeth and James the First; Mullinger, University of Cambridge, especially
vol 1, p 448; and Marion Colthorpe, Royal Cambridge: Royal Visitors to Cam-
bridge, Queen Elizabeth 1- Queen Elizabeth I1 (Cambridge, 1977).
The following sources supplement details printed by these three authorities
(information kindly supplied by Marion Colthorpe): 1571 : PRo: E 101/431 / 1 (cof-
ferer's account, 1 October 1570 to 30 September 1571 ). 1578: Privy Council meet-
ings were held at Audley End, July 27, 31, and at Long Melford on 3 August
(Acts of the Privy Council). An itinerary at Longleat House (Thynne Papers, vol
1.11, f 82) shows that the queen stayed at Sir Thomas Barnardiston's (Kedington,
Suffolk) en route to Long Melford. John North's diary (Bodl. : ss Add. C 193,
f 39) shows that the court moved from Kedington to Long Melford on 2 August.
The queen's stay at Audley End can be dated as '26-31 July/1 August.' 1615 (first
visit): Plo: E101/433/19 (controller's account, 1 October 1614 to 31 March 1615).
1616: PRO: E101/434/1 (controller's account, 1 October 1615 to 30 September
1616). 1624 (second visit): PlO: E101/437/2 (controller's account, 1 October 1624
to 31 March 1625) and the parallel cofferer's account only give the places where
the king spent his Sunday nights (Newmarket, 5 December; Cambridge, 12
December; and Royston, 19 December).
This discussion draws upon the Records and upon information gathered in
Appendix 13. Previous histories of the Cambridge waits begin in 1484, the date
of their first appearance in town treasurers' accounts: see VCH, pp 60-1 ; and F.A.
Keynes, 'Cambridge Waits and Orlando Gibbons,' By-ways, pp 42-59. See also
Ian Payne, 'The Musical Establishment at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546-
1644,' cAs: Proceedings, 74 (1987 for 1985), 53-69; and 'Instrumental Music at
Trinity College, Cambridge, c. 1594-c. 1615: Archival and Biographical Evi-
dence,' Music and Letters, 68 (1987), 128-40.
Mere reports in 1556-7: 'Item Clarkes dawghter ye wayt[(.)] and his seruante
822 NOTES
maryed at .s. Edwardes'; this implies that Clark was the master wait, and that
his daughter married one of his subordinate waits.
52 Edmund H. Fellowes, Orlando Gibbons and his Family, p 15.
53 Bv 1581-2 Graves apparently left Cambridge and joined the Norwich town waits:
see Norwich 1540-1642, David Galloway (ed), REED (Toronto, 1984), 63.
54 Fellowes, p 18.
55 Fellowes (pp 18-19) records the deaths of William and Mary Gibbons. Mary Gib-
bons' ownership of the Bear is noted in Appendix 13.
56 Fellowes, pp 21 (Edward), 31 (Ferdinando). The suggestion that Orlando per-
formed from 1600-1 to 1602-3 is advanced by Dry/3; by Fellowes, p 35; and by
New Grove. Keynes, p 57, suggests that the performer was Edward Gibbons.
57 The Corpus Christi College chapter book for 1619-20 requires the waits to 'pro-
vide a sample of their skill in playing and singing.'
58 The Cambridge waits performed in the Bassingbourn St George Play in 1511 :J.C.
Cox, Churchwardens' Accounts, p 272. In May 1567 they played in Boston,
perhaps in connection with a play: Stanley J. Kahrl, 'Records of Plays and Players
in Lincolnshire, 1300-1585,' Malone Society, Collections, vol 8 (Oxford, 1974),
5. On 11 July 1571, 'ye playars of Cambrydge" received a payment in Ipswich:
E.K. Chambers, 'Players at Ipswich,' Malone Society, Collections, vol 2, part 3
(Oxford, 193 l ), 267. In 1574 Henry Reade, 'one of the wayghtes of Cambridge,'
was paid 'for his attendance in Christmas tyme' at Hengrave Hall: David
Galloway and John Wasson (eds), 'Records of Plays and Players in Norfolk and
Suffolk, 1330-1642,' Malone Society, Collections, vol 11 (Oxford, 1981), 166.
Much earlier, in 1415-16, a payment was given at King's Lynn (Galloway and
Wasson, p 43): 'cuidam logulatori Ludenti ciuii Cambrigie."
For further evidence of travel by Cambridge waits, other volumes in the REED
series should be consulted.
59 REED, Norwich 1540-1642, as summarized on p xi, contains extensive information
concerning musical instruments.
60 cuA: CUR 37.3.111, f [Iv].
6 i See Dry/3. Legge was criticized in 1581-2 for permitting the singing of lewd ballads.
This complaint is preserved with others in 8L: Lansdowne 33-4, Arts. 46-51.
See also Heywood and Wright, Transactions, vol 1, pp 314-50, 353-69; Cooper,
Annals, vol 5, p 313; Boas, University Drama, pp 112-13; and Brooke, History
of Gonville and Caius, pp 84-93. See also P.G. Stern, 'Thomas Legge: A Six-
teenth Century English Civilian and His Books,' Satura Roberta Feenstra, J.A.
Ankum et al (eds) (Fribourg, Switzerland, 1985), 545-56.
62 See David W. Blewitt, 'Records of Drama at Winchester and Eton, 1397-1576,'
Theatre Notebook, 38 (1984), 88-95, 135-43. See also the Buckinghamshire col-
lection for the REED series (in preparation). This was the original college of
Thomas Preston, apparently the author of Cambyses: see p 778 and note 66.
NOTES 823
63 For further information on Medwall's life and plays, see The Plays of Henry Med-
wall, Alan H. Nelson (ed) (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1980); and 'Life Records of
Henry Medwall, M. ,., Notary Public and Playwright; and John Medwall, Legal
Administrator and Summoner,' Leeds Studies in English, ns 11 (1980), 111-55.
64 Cobban, The King's Hall, especially pp 186-8.
65 A third site incorporated into Trinity College was Physwick Hall, mentioned in
the college inventory of 1547-8 (p 154, 1. 19). This hall is described in H.P.
Stokes, Medieval Hostels, pp 95-6; and by vc/4, pp 357, 462.
66 Chambers,/s, vol 3, p 469, questions whether a person of Preston's learning and
eminence could have written Cambyses, but Norman Rabkin remarks of Preston
the scholar, Preston the playwright, and Preston the ballad-monger, 'All three
may well be the same man; there were other Thomas Prestons in the period, too'
(Russell A. Fraser and Norman Rabkin (eds), Drama of the English Renaissance,
I, The Tudor Period (New York, 1976), 59).
67 For some standard histories of and guides to the university, see note 1. The in-
troductions to the Grace Book series also provide important information.
68 Damian Riehl Leader, 'Professorships and Academic Reform at Cambridge:
1488-1520,' Sixteenth Century Journal, 14 (1983), 218-27.
69 On theTolbooth, see Atkinson, Cambridge Described, pp 81-7, 91-4; and you,
pp 119-20.
70 A thirteenth-century Paris riot among arts students involved the automatic ex-
communication of all participants, because to strike a clerk was to strike God's
anointed.
71 Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, 16th ed, vol 1
(London, 1825), 470.
72 vCH, pp 1-149, is the source of all undocumented references in this essay. See
also 'Town and Gown,' above, pp 705-9. For a list of mayors, seeJ. Milner Gray,
Mayors.
73 vCH, pp 13, 59-60; Keynes, 'The Office of High Steward of the Borough of Cam-
bridge,' By-Ways, pp 16-41.
74 Walter L. Woodfill, Musicians in English Society from Elizabeth to Charles i,
Princeton Studies in History, 9 (Princeton, 1953), 264-5 (accounts from 1576 to
1589, from 3L: Stowe 774). For further information on Roger North, see Boas,
University Drama, p 224.
75 On the possibility that Shakespeare's Hamlet was performed at Cambridge by
the chamberlain's men, see Appendix 10.
76 vcH, pp 123-32.
77 Toulmin Smith, Lucy Toulmin Smith, and Lujo Brentano (eds), English Gilds:
The Original Ordinances of more than One Hundred Early English Gilds, EETS,
OS 40 (London, 1870), 274-82; Mary Bateson (ed), Cambridge Gild Records;
Herbert Francis Westlake, The Parish Gilds of Mediaeval England (London,
824 NOTES
1919), 139--41 (also Chesterton, pp 141-2); Bede Camm, 'The Mediaeval Gilds
of Cambridge,' Downside Review, 43 (1925), 9-20; and VCH, pp 133-5. The Cor-
pus Christi Guild Minute Book and the guild returns from 1382 in the PRO are
described and printed by Bateson; English Gilds contains several of the returns
written in English.
78 Further on tournaments, see Cooper, Annals, vol 1, pp 42 (1234), 44 (1245), 46
(1251), 53 (1270), 71 (1305), and 72 (1309).
79 Further on ownership of classical play texts, see E.S. Leedham-Green (ed), Books
in Cambridge Inventories: Book-Lists from Vice-Chancellor's Court Probate In-
ventories in the Tudor and Stuart Periods, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1987); see also Ian
Lancashire, Dramatic Texts and Records of Britain: A Chronological Topography
to 1558 (Toronto, 1984), 94-102; and, concerning academic lectures on play texts,
Damian Riehl Leader, 'Professorships and Academic Reform at Cambridge:
1488-1520,' pp 218-24.
80 vcH, p 62.
81 Catherine P. Murrell, 'The Plague in Cambridge 1665-1666,' Cambridge
Review, 72 (1950-1), 375-6, 403-6, includes a discussion of the plague in the
years leading up to 1642.
82 Of the CUE volumes, Baker 39 is a printed book (formerly Mm.l.50, now
Adv. b. 52. l ), while Baker 41 and 42 (Mm. I. 52-3) are original manuscripts with
notations by Baker. The latter is 'Peck's Book': see Introduction, p 795.
Nineteenth-century transcriptions of Baker manuscripts in the aL made by mem-
bers of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, now in the CUE and designated
Mm.2.22-5, have no independent authority.
Select Bibliography
The Select Bibliography consists of books and articles containing first-hand transcrip-
tions of primary records and of some essential reference works. No attempt has been
made to list all works cited in the Introduction, textual footnotes, and Endnotes.
Acts of the Privy Council of England. 46 vols, ns (London, 1890-1964).
Alton, R.E. 'The Academic Drama in Oxford: Extracts from the Records of Four
Colleges,' Collections. Malone Society, vol 5 (Oxford, 1959), 29-95.
Atkinson, Thomas Dinham. Cambridge Described and Illustrated: Being a Short His-
tory of the Town and University (London, 1897).
Baker, Thomas and John E.B. Mayor. History of the College of St. John the Evangelist,
Cambridge. 2 vols (Cambridge, 1869).
Bartholomew, A.T. Catalogue of the Books and Papers for the Most Part Relating
to the University, Town, and County of Cambridge Bequeathed to the University
by John Willis Clark, M.a. (Cambridge, 1912).
Bateson, Mary (ed). Cambridge Guild Records. Cambridge Antiquarian Society,
Octavo Series 39 (Cambridge, 1903).
- (ed). Grace Book B, Part !: Containing the Proctors'Accountsand OtherRecords
of the University of Cambridge for the Years 1488-1511 (Cambridge, 1903).
- (ed). Grace Book B, Part !!: Containing the Accounts of the Proctors of the University
of Cambridge, 1511-1544 (Cambridge, 1905).
Bentley, Gerald Eades. The Jacobean and Caroline Stage. 7 vols (Oxford, 1941-68).
Billington, Sandra. 'Sixteenth-Century Drama in St John's College, Cambridge,'
Review of English Studies, ns 29 (1978), 1-10.
Binns, J.W. 'Seneca and Neo-Latin Tragedy in England,' Seneca. C. D. N. Costa (ed)
(London, 1974), 205-34.
Birch, Thomas. The Court and Times of James I. 2 vols (London, 1849).
Boas, Frederick S. University Drama in the Tudor Age (Oxford, 1914).
- 'University Plays,' The Cambridge History of English Literature. Vol 6, pt 2 (Cam-
bridge, 1910), 330-69, 523-44.
Bowers, R.H. 'Some Folger Academic Drama Manuscripts,' Studies in Bibliography,
12 (1959), 117-30.
826 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bowes, Robert. A Catalogue of Books Printed at or Relating to the University, Town
& County of Cambridge from 1521 to 1893 (Cambridge, 1894).
Bradner, Leicester. 'The First Cambridge Production of Miles Gloriosus,' Modem
Language Notes, 70 (1955), 400-3.
-'The Latin Drama of the Renaissance (1340-1640),' Studies in the Renaissance, 4
(1957), 30-70.
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Edward Vl, Mary, Elizabeth, James. 12 vols
(London, 1856-72).
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I. 23 vols (London, 1858-97).
Chambers, E. K. (ed). 'Dramatic Records:The Lord Chamberlain's Office,' Collec-
tions. Malone Society, vol 2, pt 3 (Oxford, 1931), 321-416.
- The Elizabethan Stage. 4 vols (Oxford, 1923).
- The Mediaeval Stage. 2 vols (Oxford, 1903).
- and W.W. Greg (eds). 'Dramatic Records from the Lansdowne Manuscripts,' Col-
lections. Malone Society, vol 1, pt 2 (Oxford, 1908), 143-215
Churchill, George B. and Wolfgang Keller, 'Die lateinischen Universit/its-Dramen
Englands in der Zeit der K6nigin Elisabeth,' ShakespeareJahrbuch, 34 (1898), 221-
323.
Clark, J.W. The Riot at the Great Gate of Trinity College, February 1610-11. Cam-
bridge Antiquarian Society, Octavo Series 43 (Cambridge, 1906).
Cobban, Alan B. The King's Hall within the University of Cambridge in the Later
Middle Ages. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, 3rd series, 1 (Cam-
bridge, 1969).
Cooper, Charles Henry. Annals of Cambridge. 5 vols [John Williams Cooper (ed),
vol 5] (Cambridge, 1842-1908).
- and Thompson Cooper. Athenae Cantabrigienses. 3 vols (Cambridge, 1858-1913).
Curtis, Mark H. Oxford and Cambridge in Transition, 1588-1642 (Oxford, 1959).
Dee, John. 'The Compendious Rehearsall,' Chetham Society, 24 (Manchester, 1851),
5-6.
Documents Relating to the University and Colleges of Cambridge. 3 vols (London,
1852).
Dyer, George. The Privileges of the University of Cambridge; together with Addi-
tional Observations on its History, Antiquities, Literature, and Biography. 2 vols
(London, 1824).
Ellis, Henry. Original Letters, lllustrative of English History. Series 1-3, 11 vols
(London, 1824-46).
Emden, Alfred B. A Biographical Register of the University of Cambridge to 1500
(Cambridge, 1963).
Feil, J. P. 'Dramatic References from the Scudamore Papers,' Shakespeare Survey, 11
(1958), 107-16.
Fellowes, Edmund H. Orlando Gibbons and his Family: the Last of the Tudor School
of Musicians. 2nd ed (London, 1951).
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
827
Foster, J.E. (ed). Churchwardens' Accounts of St Mary the Great Cambridge from
1504 to 1635. Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Octavo Series 35 (Cambridge, 1905).
Fuller, Thomas. The History of the University of Cambridge Since the Conquest (Lon-
don, 1655). Wing: F2416.
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson (ed). Reports of Cases in the Courts of Star Chamber and
High Commission. Camden Society, ns, 39 (London, 1886).
Gray, J. Milner. Biographical Notes on the Mayors #Cambridge (Cambridge, 1922).
Greenwood, David. 'The Staging of Neo-Latin Plays in Sixteenth Century England,'
Educational Theatre Journal, 16 (1964), 311-23.
Greg, W. W. A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the Restoration. 4 vols.
Bibliographical Society, Illustrated Monographs 24 (London, 1939-59).
Harbage, Alfred. Annals of English Drama: 975-1700. S. Schoenbaum (rev) (Philadel-
phia, 1964). S. Schoenbaum, Supplements (Evanston, Illinois, 1966, 1970).
-'A Census of Anglo-Latin Plays,' PML,*i, 53 (1938), 624-9.
Hawkins, John S. (ed). Ignoramus (London, 1787).
Heywood, James (ed). Early Cambridge University and College Statutes in the
English Language. 2 vols (London, 1855).
- and Thomas Wright (eds). Cambridge University Transactions during the Puritan
Controversies of the 16th and 17th Centuries. 2 vols (London, 1854).
The Historical Manuscripts Commission. Francis L. Bickley (ed). 'The Manuscripts
of the Hon. Frederick Lindley Wood,' Report on Manuscripts in Various Collec-
tions. Vol 8 (London, 1913), 1-195.
- W.O. Hewlett (ed). 'The Manuscripts of the Marquess of Townshend,' The 11th
Report of the Manuscripts Commission. Pt 4 (London, 1887).
A.B. Hinds (ed). Report on the Manuscripts of the Marquess of Downshire Pre-
servedat Easthampstead Park, Berks. Historical Manuscripts Commission 75. Vol
4 (London, 1940).
- A.J. Horwood (ed). 'The Manuscripts of the Right Honourable Lord De L'Isle
and Dudley at Penshurst, Co. Kent,' The 3rd Report of the Manuscripts Commis-
sion (London, 1872), 227-33.
- 'The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House,'
The 6th Report of the Manuscripts Commission (London, 1877), 221-33.
H.T. Riley (ed). 'Cambridge: Corpus Christi College,' The 1st Report of the
Manuscripts Commission (London, 1870), 64-7.
-'Cambridge: King's College,' The 1st Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1870), 67-9.
- 'Cambridge: Pembroke College," The 1st Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1870), 69-72.
- 'Cambridge. - Queens' College,' The 1st Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1870), 72.
- 'Cambridge. - Registry of the University,' The 1st Report of the Manuscripts
Commission (London, 1870), 73-4.
828 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 'Cambridge: St Peter's College,' The 1st Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1870), 77-82.
- 'Cambridge: Trinity College,' The 1st Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1870), 82-6.
- 'Clare College, Cambridge,' The 2nd Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1871), 110-16.
- 'Downing College, Cambridge: The Bowtell Collection,' The 3rd Report of the
Manuscripts Commission (London, 1872), 320-7.
- 'Emmanuel College, Cambridge,' The 4th Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1874), 417-21.
- 'Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge,' The 2nd Report of the Manuscripts
Commission (London, 1871), 116-18.
- 'Jesus College, Cambridge,' The 2nd Report of the Manuscripts Commission
(London, 1871), 417-21.
- 'Magdalene College, Cambridge,' The 5th Report of the Manuscripts Commis-
sion. Pt 1 (London, 1876), 481-4.
- 'St Catharine's College, Cambridge,'The 4th Report of the Manuscripts Commis-
sion (London, 1874), 421-8.
- 'Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge,' The 3rd Report of the Manuscripts Commis-
sion (London, 1872), 327-9.
- 'Trinity Hall, Cambridge,' The 2nd Report of the Manuscripts Commission (Lon-
don, 1871), 121-3.
Howell, T.B. (ed). Cobbett's Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for
High Treason and Other Crimes .... 34 vols (London, 1809-28).
Hume, Martin A.S. (ed). Calendar of Letters and State Papers Relating to English
Affairs, Preserved Principally in the Archives of Simancas: Elizabeth. 4 vols (Lon-
don, 1892-9).
Keynes, F.A. By-Ways of Cambridge History. 2nd ed (Cambridge, 1956).
Knight, Frida. Cambridge Music from the Middle Ages to Modern Times (Cambridge,
1980).
Lamb, John (ed). A Collection of Letters, Statutes, and Other Documents, From the
lvls. Library of Corp. Christ. Coll., Illustrative of the History of the University of
Cambridge, During the Period of the Reformation, From A.D. MD., tO A.D. MDLXXU
(London, 1838).
Leathes, Stanley M. (ed). Grace Book A: Containing the Proctors'Accounts and Other
Records of the University of Cambridge for the Years 1454-1488 (Cambridge,
1897).
Lever, Katherine. 'Greek Comedy on the Sixteenth Century English Stage,' Classical
Journal, 42 (1946), 169-74.
Madan, Falconer and W.M. Palmer. Notes on Bodleian Manuscripts Relating to Cam-
bridge. Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Octavo Series 52 (Cambridge, 1931).
830 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pearch, E.C. 'College Accounts of John Botwright, Master of Corpus Christi, 1443-
74,' Cambridge Antiquarian Society: Proceedings, 22 (1921), 76-90.
Peck, Francis. Desiderata Curiosa: or, a Collection of Divers Scarce and Curious Pieces
Relating Chiefly to Matters of English History (London, 1779).
Peile, John. 'On Four rss Books of Accounts Kept by Joseph Mead, B.D., Fellow
of Christ's College, with his Pupils between 1614 and 1633,' Cambridge Antiqua-
rian Society: Proceedings, 13 (1909), 250-61.
'The Plays acted before the University of Cambridge,' Retrospective Review, 12
(1825), 1-42.
Porter, H.C. Puritanism in Tudor Engl,nd (London, 1970).
- Reformation and Reaction in Tudor Cambridge (Cambridge, 1958)
Raine, James (ed). The Correspondence of Dr. Matthew Hutton, Archbishopof York.
Suttees Society, 17 (London, 1843).
Roston, Murray. Biblical Drama in England: from the Middle Ages to the Present
Day (London, 1968).
Ryan, Lawrence V. 'Neo-Latin Literature,' The Present State of Scholarship in
Sixteenth-Century Literature. William M. Jones (ed) (Columbia, Missouri, 1978),
197-257.
Scott, R. (ed). Notes from the Records of St. John's College, Cambridge (privately
printed, 1889-99).
Searle, William George (ed). Grace Book F, Containing the Records of the University
of Cambridge for the Years 1501-42 (Cambridge, 1908).
Smith, George Charles Moore. 'Abraham Cowley and Lord Falkland,' Notes and
Queries, 12th set, 9 (1921), 305-6.
- 'The Academic Drama at Cambridge: Extracts from College Records,' Collections.
Malone Society, vol 2, pt 2 (Oxford, 1923), 150-231.
- College Plays Performed in the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, 1923).
-'Latin Plays Acted at Cambridge,'/llodern Language Review, 6 (1911), 87-8.
-'Plays Performed in Cambridge Colleges before 1585,' Fasciculus Ioanni Willis
Clark Dicatus (Cambridge, 1909), 265-73.
Smith, William James. Five Centuries of Cambridge Musicians, 1464-1964 (Cam-
bridge, 1964).
Steele, Mary Susan. Plays & Masques at Court During the Reigns of Elizabeth,James
and Charles (New Haven, 1926).
Stokes, Henry Paine. The Esquire Bedells of the University of Cambridge from the
13th Century to the 20th Century. Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Octavo Series
45 (Cambridge, 1911).
- The Medieval Hostels of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge Antiquarian
Society, Octavo Series 49 (1924).
Stratman, CarlJ. 'Dramatic Performances at Oxford and Cambridge, 1603-1642,'
PhD thesis (University of Illinois, 1947).
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 831
Tanner, R.J. (ed). The Historical Register of the University of Cambridge being a sup-
plement to the Calendar with a record of university offices and distinctions to the
year 1910 (Cambridge, 1917).
Venn, John (ed). Cambridge University Grace Book A, Containing the Records of
the University of Cambridge for the Years 1542-1589 (Cambridge, 1910).
- Early Collegiate Life (Cambridge, 1913).
- andJ.A. Venn (comps). Alumni Cantabrigienses: A BiographicalList ofallknown
Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cam bridge, from
the Earliest Times to 1900; Pt 1.from the Earliest Times to 1751.4 vols (Cambridge,
1922-7).
The Victoria History of the Counties of England. History of the County of Cambridge
and the Isle of Ely. Vol 3: The City and Universay of Cambridge. J. P. C. Roach
(ed) (London, 1959).
Watson, George (ed). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. Vol
1:600-1660 (Cambridge, 1974).
Willis, Robert and John Willis Clark. The Architectural History of the University of
Cambridge and of the Colleges of Cambridge and Eton. 4 vols (Cambridge, 1886).
Wilson, F.P. (ed). 'Dramatic Records in the Declared Accounts of the Office of
Works, 1560-1640,' Collections. Malone Society, vol 10 (Oxford, 1977).
833
MAPS
Scale of Yards
?o ,?o aqo
BARNWELL
FIELD
Map 1 Cambridge c 1445 (reprinted from Atkinson, Cambridge Described, following p 504)
834 MAPS
Map 2 Richard Lyne map of Cambridge, 1574 (from Cambridge University Library Map
Room, by permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library)
835
MAPS
Map 3 John Hamond map of Cambridge, 1592 : Central Section (reproduced from a facsimile
in Cambridge University Library)
836 MAPS
MAPS 837
STREET
A I
Key to Map 4
THE CHURCHES
A St Giles'Church
B St Peter's Church
C St Clement's Church
D Holy Sepulchre Church
E AllSaints'Church
F St Michael's Church
G Holy Trinity Church
H Great St Mary's Church
J King's College Chapel
K St Andrewthe Great Church
L St Edward's Church
M St Bene't Church
N St Botolph's Church
O LittleSt Mary's Church
OTHER BUILDINGS
P Guild-hall
Q Tolbooth
THE INNS
1 The Saracen's Head
2 The Elephant
3 The Dolphin
4 The Sun
5 The Crown
6 The Blue Boar
7 The Bear
8 The Angel
9 TheWrestlers
10 The Falcon
!1 The Eagle
12 TheWhiteHorse
APPENDIX 1
Undated Documents
CUS
c 1368-90
Old Proctor's Book
ff 26v-7"
CUA: Collect. Admin. 3
...Statutum nouum contra turbatores in vico scolarum die cinerum.
Item monemus primo secundo & tercio sub pena excommunicacionis
maioris ne quis decetero in vicis scolarum turbacionem aliquam pulsu
tractu seu quouis alio modo faciat foueat aut procuret aut eodem die
seu aliquo alio tempore fiant conuenticule seu concursus scolarium ,0
alicuius facultatis per se vel facultatum simul simul ad disponendum
eligendum vel nominandum eis capitaneum ducem Cancellarium
procuratores vel bedellos seu quemcunque alium vel alios ductores vel
officiarios quocunque nomine censeantur nec ad huiusmodi
conuenticulas vel concursus faciendas campanas pulsent cornua vel ,5
tubis clangent nec quouis alio quesito colore conuocent seu faciant
congregari ac insuper in huiusmodi contrauenientes sentenciam
ferimus in hiis scriptis super quo statuit dicta vniuersitas quod tails
contraueniens statim auctoritate dicte vniuersitatis pro excommunicato
per ecclesias denuncietur nec ab huiusmodi excommunicacione o
abso|uatur quousque ciste vniuersitatis communi ratione huius
excessus suam [(...)] communam soluerit dupplicatam: I adicientes
quod quiscunque sibi tale nomen officij capitanij ducis Cancellarij
procuratoris ve| bedelli seu quocunque alio nomine censeatur in tall
comitiua omni gradu scolastico in ista vniuersitate habendo perpetuo 5
sit indignus.
11/simul simuh dittograpby
842 APPENDIX 1
1520--5
St John's College Loose Bill
single sheet*
SJA: D57.136
the expensys abowte ye play s
In primis for vj yerdes of lynyng for ij playng cotes iij s
Item for ii yerdes and iij quarter of yalowe blake and whyte cottun
for ij payr of hosse xix d
Item for other v yerdes for a nother playng cote ij s vj d
Item for iij cotes makyng iij s Item to maysterartur ,o
Item for pynnys ob for [(..)] "a howde wyer
Item for xij golden papers xij d & threde x d
[Item other expensys vj d]
[Item for a payer of hose and for mak]
Item .s
for makyng of ij payer of hose x d
John Bale, Scriptorum ... Catalogus STC: 1296a
pp 709-10"
THOMAS ARTOVR XVl.
Thomas Artour, patria Nordouolgius, academia: Cantabrigiensis
alumnus, & Thoma: Bylna:i in persecutione pro Dei ueritate, sub
Vvulsij Cardinalis tyrannide, socius, inter ca:tera congesit, I
Microcosmum, tragcdiam,
Mundum plumbeum, tragcdiam,
20
1540-50
St John's College Register of lnventories
ff 255v-6"
SJA: C7.2
An Inventorye of all the players cotes & garmentes lieng
in the great chest in the masters outward chamber .!
ffirst
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
A cope of tawney silke
xiij garmentes of diuers sortes
ix payer of hose ij of them w/d0 doublettes ioyned to them
ij payer of sloppes
j blew cloke
a bunche of stooles
a bunche of fronters
30
40
APPENDIX 1 843
Item a border with other painted clothes
Item [xix] rxxijtil cappes
Item iiij visers
Item ij dragons
Item iij sheldes
Item ij heades
& iij berdes
Players stuff in the masters myddelmost chamber./
in the great chest there.
l0
ffirst xxiij cotes & garmentes
Item a pece of cloth of gold
Item a bonne grace full of shoues of rede veluet
Item A gowne
Item v clokes
Item v payer of hose
Item iij payer of [silk] sloppes one of yem of silke
Item a nette
Item a myter
Item iiij garmentes made of vestimentes
Item certen golden letters bound to gyther
Item iii calles
Item a payer of rede satene sieves for a gentlewoman
Item [a] ij frenche woddes
Item a bunch of broken ghere/
15
2O
25
1550-60
StJohnCoege RegterofInventoHes
f 255
SA: C7.2
3O
A cote and shoppes for miles.
A cote for phedria with yelo saten and blacke cotton
[A] Item ij cotes with crosses for ij sogiers
Item A new cote with white, blacke, and red gardes
Item An olde cote [with] and shoppes with black and white gardes
Item a silke cote for a yonge man
Item a cloke for a parasite
Item a litle silke cote for thraso seruante
Item a cote for the immiche
5
4O
32,36/shoppes [or sloppes
APPENDIX 2
Post- 1642 Documents
1648
Trinity College Response to Order of Parliament
f
TC: Box 29.351e
Reverend Sir. According to an Order of the right honourable the Lords
assembled in high Court of Parliament dated the 10 th of this present
moneth and directed vnto you & the Seniors, vpon receipt of your
letters I called the Seniors togither and acquainted them with your
desire giving them a weekes time to read over the Statutes and Consider
of such things as they conceived fitt to be reformed, and at the next
meeting wee thought it Convenient that their Lordshipps should be
humblie petitioned for the reformation of these things in our Statutes.
f [lv] 's
ooo
9. In the 24 Chapter. Though the Institution that the head lecturer
& the rest of the Lecturers should in Christmas sett forth Comoedies
and Tragoedies be not simplie to be misliked; Yet in regard that that
Institution was never observed according to the intent thereof but in
steede of Comcedies & Tragoedies vaine showes and Interludes tending
to the disgrace of pietie and modestie and the promotion of vice and
impudencie haue beene permitted, that either that chapter may be
cancelled or that the saide abuses may be theirin prohibited.
2O
1651-2
Town Treasurers'Books DOL." Bowtell 6
nf (Extraordinary disbursements)
ooo
Item for 2 speciall warrantes, at seuerall tymes to
suppresse ye players,tin ye fayer time
O0 02 O0
3O
APPENDIX 3
Reminiscences and Allusions
1550
Letter from Roger Ascbam to Edward Raven
f 49v (1 October)
BL: Lansdowne 98
...30 Antuerpiam venimus dij boni, non brabantiae sed totius Mundi
ditissimum Emporium, splendida magnificaque structura sic eminet,
vt eo modo superet reliquias omnes vrbes quas ego vidi,
quemadmodum Aula Diui Ioannis Theatrali more ornata post Natalem
se ipsam superat ....
1551-2
Letter from Roger Ascbam to Edward Raven
f 50 (5 October)
BL: Lansdowne 98
...The Regent of flawnders hade left at Bruxelles a sort of faire lustie
,ryoung 1 Ladies...
f 50v
...thei semide boies rather than Ladies excellent to haue plaide in
tragedies, ther was not on welfavoryde emonges them save one yonge
ladye faire ande well favorede ....
f 56v (3 January)
...the Chirches be mad like theatra, videlicet one seat hiher than a
nother and round about be stages above as is at the Kinges Colledg
buttrey dore videlicet in Chirstenmas the pulpet in the middes the table
of the lord standes commonlie in the hiher end...
10
15
20
25
51 0 for 30 Septembris
846 APPENDIX 3
1575
Letter from William Soone
Georg Braun: De Praecipuis totius vniversi vrbibus
p 1"
... Ianuarium, Februarium & Martium menses, vt noctis taedia fallant
in spectaculis, populo exhibendis, ponunt, tanta elegantia, tanta
actionis dignitate, ea vocis & vultus & motus moderatione, ea
magnificentia, vt si Plautus, aut Terentius, aut Seneca reuiuisceret,
mirarentur suas ipsi fabulas, maioremque, qum cum inspectante
populo Romano agerentur, voluptatem, credo, caperent. Euripidem
ver6, Sophoclem, & Aristophanem, etiam Athenarum suarum
taederet ....
10
1588
Martin Marprelate, Tbe Epistle src: 17453
sig B2v*
...You haue bin a worthy writer as they say of a long time/your first
book was a proper Enterlude/called Gammar Gurtons needle. But I
thinke that this trifle/which sheweth the author to haue had some witte
and inuention in him/was none of your doing: Because your bookes
seeme to proceede from the braynes of a woodcocke...
Martin Marprelate, Tbe Epitome STC: 17454
sig C4v
... Let me take you againe in such a pranck/and ile course you/as you
were better to bee seeking Gammer Gurtons needle/then come within
my fingers ....
sig F4
M. D. found Anthonie in Hodges breeches.
There is a book ...There it is: what haue the puritans to doe where he found it? Let
of this ,ame/ them answere to it. What if he founde it in hodge his breechs/seeking
which M.
doctor made as for Gammer Gurtons needle? is the reason worse then the rest of
they say. his booke/because it is without authoritie.
19,22/You, your, your, your: addressed to]ohn Bridges
848 APPENDIX 3
house of sleepe, being long since banished from philosophers and
diuines; the allegorie is so plaine, as it were time lost to spend time
to expound it, because it expounds it selfe so plainly: only I will
obserue one thing, in which mine Author is thought to keepe an
excellent decorum. For, making Discord and Fraud of the feminine
gender, he still makes silence of the masculine; as the like pretie conceit
ts in our Cambridge Comedie Pedantius, (at which I remember the
noble Earle of Essex that now is, was present) where the Pedantius
him selfe, examining the Grammaticall instruction of this verse.
Ca:dant arma toga:, concedat laurea lingua:, vpon speciall
consideration of the two last words, taught his scholler Parillus, that
laurea, lingua sunt vtraque fceminina: generis, sed lingua potissimum,
and so consequently silence might not by any means haue bene of the
feminine gender.
lO
15
1592
Thomas Nash, Strange News src: 18377
sig Hlv*
ooo 20
Though I haue beene pinched with want (as who is not at one time
or another Pierce Penilesse) yet my muse neuer wept for want of
maintenance as thine did in Musarum lachrima:, that was miserably
flouted at in M. Winkfields Comedie of Pedantius in Trinitie
Colledge. 2s
1596
Thomas Nash, Have with You to Saffron Walden
sig B4* (Epistle Dedicatory)
STC: 18369
.oo
Plie them, plie them vncessantly vnico Dick, euen as a Water-man
plies for his Fares, and insinuate and goe about the bush with them,
like as thou art wont to insinuate and go about the grizlie bushie beard
of some sauage Saracen Butcher, and neuer surcease flaunting and
firking it in fustian, till vnder the Vniuersities vnited hand & seale they
bee enacted as Obso|a:te a case of Cockescombes, as euer he was
30
I OW"Let arms yieM to peacefuloccupatlom; let the conqueror's wreath defer to the tongue." Parody
of C, cero, de Consulato suo, fragment 8.
12/"Laurel z, reath. atongue" are both of the feminine gender but especially "tongue. ='
23,34/thine, thou: Gabriel Harvey
APPENDIX 3
849
in Trinitie Colledge, that would not carrie his Tutors bow into the
field, because it would not edifie: or his fellow qui qua: codshead, that
in the Latine Tragedie of King Richard, cride Ad vrbs, ad vrbs, ad vrbs,
when his whole Part was no more, but Vrbs, vrbs, ad arma, ad arma.
sigs M4-NI*
ooo
Readers, be merry; for in me there shall want nolthing I can doo 0
to make you merry. You see I haue brought the Doctor out of request
at Court, & it shall cost me a fall, but I will get him howted out of
the Vniuersitie too, ere I glue him ouer. What will you glue mee when
I bring him vppon the Stage in one of the principallest Colledges in
Cambridge? Lay anie wager with me, and I will; or if you laye no s
wager at all, Ile fetch him aloft in Pedantius, that exquisite Comedie
in Trinitie Colledge; where, vnder the cheife part, from which it tooke
his name, as namely the concise and firking finicaldo fine School-
master, hee was full drawen & delineated from the soale of the foote
to the crowne of his head. The lust manner of his phrase in his Orations 20
and Disputations they stufft his mouth with, & no Buffianisme
throughout his whole bookes, but they bolsterd out his part with;
as those ragged remnaunts in his foure familiar Epistles twixt him
and Senior Immerito, Raptim scripta, Nosti manum & stylum, with
innumerable other of his rabble routs: and scoffing his Musarum 25
Lachryma:, with Flebo amorem meum, etiam Musarum lachrymis;
which to glue it his due, was a more collachrymate wretched Treatise,
than my Piers Pennilesse, being the pittifullest pangs that euer anie
mans Muse breathd foorth. I leaue out halle; not the carrying vp of
his gowne, his nice gate on his pantoffles, or the affected accent of 30
his speach, but they personated. And if I should reueale all, I thinke
they borrowd his gowne to playe the Part in, the more to flout him.
Let him denie this (and not damne himselfe) for his life if hee can.
Let him denie that there was a Shewe made at Clare-hall of him and
his two Brothers, called;I 3s
Tarrarantantara turba tumultuosa Trigonum,
Tri-Harueyorum, Tri-harmonia.
I I/Doctor: Gabriel Harvey
26/'1 will weep for my love, even with the tears of the Muses."
35/his two Brothers: John and Richard Harvey
APPENDIX 3
Squallet scena, silent lingua:, nec Musica garrit,
Delicium ut nostrum Morlius interijt:
Sed non interijsti, oculis, ore, auribus ha:res
Nosque erimus lingua:, musica, scena tibi.
Plaudite cui talis transacta est fabula vita:
Posteritas semper quam facit esse novam.
Wilhelmus Alabaster deflevit,
Obijt anno Domini 1596. 18. Aprilis
Gabriel Harvey, The Trimming of Thomas Nashe STC: 12906
sig G3
A Grace in the behalfe of Thomas Nashe.
851
10
15
To all ballet-makers, pamphleters, press hanters, boon pot poets ...
Then being Bachelor of Arte, which by great labour he got, to shew
afterward that he was not vnworthie of it, had a hand in a Show called
Terminus & non terminus, for which his partener in it was expelled
the Colledge: but this foresaid Nashe played in it (as I suppose) the 20
Varlet of Clubs; which he acted with such naturall affection, that all
the spectators tooke him to be the verie same. Then suspecting himselfe
that he should be staied for egregie dunsus, and not attain to the next
Degree, said he had commenst enough, and so forsooke Cambridge,
being Batchelor of the third yere .... 2s
STC: 17834
1598
Francis Meres, Palladis Tamia
sigs Oo3-3v
3O
...As these Tragicke Poets flourished in Greece, Aeschylus,
Euripedes, Sophocles, Alexander Aetolus, Acha:us Erithria:us,
Astydamas Atheniensis, Apollodorus Tarsensis, Nicomachus
Phrygius, Thespis Atticus, and Timon Apolloniates; and these among
the Latines, Accius, M. Attilius, Pomponius Secundus and Seneca: 3s
so these are our best for Tragedie, the Lorde Buckhurst, Doctor Leg
of Cambridge, Doctor Edes of Oxforde, maister Edward Ferris, the
Authour of the Mirrour for Magistrates, Marlow, Peele, Watson,
Kid, Shakespeare, Drayton, Chapman, Decker, and Beniamin
Iohnson. 40
1/linguae: corrected from leges ( ? ) 7/Wilhelmus...deflevit: &splay scrpt
852 APPENDIX 3
William Chace
As M. Anneus Lucanus writ two excellent Tragedies, one called
Medea, the other de Incendio Troia cum Priami calamitate: so Doctor
Leg hath penned two famous tragedies, ye one of Richard the 3. the
other of the destruction of Ierusalem.
The best Poets for Comedy among the Greeks are these, Menander,
Aristophanes, Eupolis Atheniensis, Alexis Terius, Nicostratus,
Amipsias Atheniensis, Anaxandrides Rhodius, Aristonymus,
Archippus Atheniensis I and Callias Atheniensis; and among the
Latines, Plautus, Terence, Naeuius, Sextus Turpilius, Licinius
Imbrex, and Virgilius Romanus: so the best for Comedy amongst vs
bee, Edward Earle of Oxforde, Doctor Gager of Oxforde, Maister
Rowley once a rare Scholler of learned Pembrooke Hall in Cambridge,
Maister Edwardes one of her Maiesties Chappell, eloquent and wittie
Iohn Lilly, Lodge, Gascoyne, Greene, Shakespeare, Thomas Nash,
Thomas Heywood, Anthony Mundye our best plotter, Chapman,
Porter, Wilson, Hathway, and Henry Chettle.
sigs Oo5-5v*
ooo 20
As Georgius Buckananus lephthe, amongst all moderne Tragedies
is able to abide the touch of Aristotles precepts, and Euripedes
examples: so is Bishop Watsons Absalon.
As Terence for his translations out of Apollodorus & Menander,
and Aquilius for his translation out of Menander, and C. Germanicus 2s
Augustus for his out of Aratus, and Ausonius for his translated
Epigrams out of Greeke, and Doctor Iohnson for his Frogge-fight out
of Homer, and Watson for his Antigone out of Sophocles, haue got
good commendations: so these I versifiers for their learned translations
are of good note among vs, Phaer for Virgils Aeneads, Golding for 30
Ouids Metamorphosis, Harington for his Orlando Furioso, the
translators of Senecaes Tragedies, Barnabe Googe for Palingenius,
Turberuile for Ouids Epistles and Mantuan, and Chapman for his
inchoate Homer.
1603
Hatcber Book
f 55v*
KCL: Misc. 74/1
Doctor of Physick, dyed in the Colledge 1603.
an excellent schollar, & a good Comoedian...
35
APPENDIX 3 853
1605
Black Book cut.: Add. 34
f 35* (27 August)
The Comedie ... was a pastorall much like one which I have seene in
Kings Colledg in Cambridge, but acted farr worse...
f 37* (28 August)
...The same daye after supper about 9. of the Clock they began to act
the Tragedye of Aiax flagellifer, wherein their stage varried 3. times,
they had all goodlie anticke apparrell, but for all that yt was not acted
soe well by many degrees as I have seene yt in Cambridge...
f 39v (30 August)
There was an english playe acted in the same place... It was penned
by Mr Daniell and drawne out of Fydus Pastor which was sometimes
acted by Kinges Colledge men in Cambridge...
1610
Notebook o f John Harington
f 30
BL: Add. 27632
A note of things sent to London the 29 t)' of Ianuary 1609
o.o
The combat of Lingua made by
a bundle of Comedies, rul'd: Thomas Tomkis of Trinity colledge
in Cambridge. /
l0
15
2O
25
3O
1612
Thomas Heywood, Apology for Actors STC: 13309
sigs C3v-4"
Do not the Vniuersities, the fountaines and well-springs of all good
Arts, Learning and Documents, admit the like in their Colledges? and
they (I assure my selfe) are not ignorant of their true vse. In the time 40
of my residence in Cambridge, I haue seene Tragedyes, Comedyes,
Historyes, Pastorals and Shewes, publickly acted, in which Graduates
854 APPENDIX 3
of good place and reputation, haue bene specially parted: this is held
necessary for the emboldening of their Iunior schollers, to arme them
with audacity, against they come to bee imployed in any publicke
exercise, as in the reading of the Dialecticke, Rhetoricke, Ethicke,
Mathematicke, the Physicke, or Metaphysicke Lectures, It teacheth s
audacity to the bashfull Grammarian, beeing newly admitted into the
priuate Colledge, and after matriculated and entred as a member of
the Vniuersity, and makes him a bold Sophister, to argue pro et contra,
to compose his Sillogismes, Cathegoricke, or Hypotheticke (simple
or compound) to reason and frame a sufficient argument to proue his t0
questions, or to defend any axioma, to distinguish of any Dilemma,
& be able to moderate in any Argumentation whatsoeuer.
To come to Rhetoricke, it not onely emboldens a scholler to speake,
but instructs him to speake well, and with iudgement, to obserue his
comma's, colons, & full poynts, his parentheses, his breathing spaces, ts
and distinctions, to keepe a decorum in his countenance, neither to
frowne when he should smile, nor to make vnseemely and disguilsed
faces in the deliuery of his words, not to stare with his eies, draw awry
his mouth, confound his voice in the hollow of his throat, or teare his
words hastily betwixt his teeth, neither to buffet his deske like a ,0
mad-man, nor stand in his place like a liuelesse Image, demurely
plodding, & without any smooth & formal motion. It instructs him
to fit his phrases to his action, and his action to his phrase, and his
pronuntiation to them both.
sig F4v*
... Likewise, a learned Gentleman in his Apology for Poetry, speakes
thus: Tragedies well handled be a most worthy kinde of Poesie.
Comedies make men see and shame at their faults, and proceeding
further amongst other Vniuersity-playes, he remembers the Tragedy
of Richard the third, acted in Saint Iohns in Cambridge, so essentially,
that had the tyrant Phaleris beheld his bloudy proceedings, it had
mollified his heart, and made him relent at sight of his inhumane
massacres. Further, he commends of Comedies, the Cambridge
Pedantius, and the Oxford Bellum Grammaticale; and leauing them
passes on to our publicke plays, speaking liberally in their praise, and
what commendable vse may bee gathered of them ....
APPENDIX 3 855
1615
Philip Kynder's Book
f 205*
Bodl. : Ashmole 788
This Epistle prefixt before my Siluia [such] a latin comedie or pastorall 5
translated from ye Archadia written at 18 yeers of age
1622
Henry Peacbam, Tbe Compleat Gentleman
sigs E3v-4*
STC: 19502
oo.
But the diseases whereunto some of them are very subiect, are
Humour and Folly (that I may say nothing of the grosse Ignorance
and in-sufficiency of many) whereby they become ridiculous and
contemptible both in the Schoole and abroad. Hence it comes to passe,
that in I many places, especially in Italy, of all professions that of
Pedanteria is held in basest repute; the Schoole-master almost in euery
Comedy being brought vpon the Stage, to paralell the Zani, or
Pantaloun. He made vs good sport in that excellent Comedy of
Pedantius, acted in our Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge: and if I bee
not deceiued, in Priscianus vapulans, and many of our English Hayes.
1628 25
Bali's Life of Preston Harcourt (ed): The Life of Doctor Preston
pp 36-7*
.oo
...there were many that had their eyes upon it, but Dr. Montaine
especially, who was often heard to profess he would rather be Master 30
of that college than Deane of Westminster.
But Mr. Preston had another in his eye, Dr. Davenant, a gentleman
well descended, and was a Fellow-commoner when undergraduat, but
very painfull and of great capacity, & grew accordingly in learning &
reputation, & for his worth & parts was already chosen Margaret 3s
Professor, & read in the schools with much applause those excellent
lectures upon the Colos I sians which now are printed; him Mr Preston
pitched upon, but knew it must be carryed very privately; for the
Montaine was already growne to some bigness, was one of parts, &
13/them: schoolmasters 29/it: mastersbipof Queens" College
856 APPENDIX 3
first observed in acting "Miles Gloriosus" in the college, and had bin
Chaplin to the Earle of Essex...
1633
William Prynne, HistHo-mastix
sigs Rrrlv-2*
STC: 20464a
... If any here Object;That our Vniversities approve of private Stage-
playes acted by Schollers in private Colledges: therefore these Playes
are not so intolerably evill in their opinions. I answer; that our
Vniversities though they tolerate and connive at, yet they give no
publike approbation to these private Enterludes, which are not
generally received I into all Colledges, but onely practised in some
private houses, (perchance once in three of foure yeeres;) and that
by the particular Statutes of those houses made in times of Popery,
which require some Latine Comedies, for learning-sake onely, to bee
acted now and then: Which Playes, as they are composed for the most
part by idle braines, who affect not better studies; and acted (as Iohn
Greene) informes us, by Gentle-bloods, and lusty Swash-bucklers,
who preferre an ounce of vaine-glory, ostentation and strutting on the
Stage, before a pound of learning; or by such who are sent to the
University, not so much to obtaine knowledge, as to keepe them from
the common ryot of Gentlemen in these dayes; like little Children
whom their Parents send to Schoole, the rather to keepe them from
under feet in the streets, which carefull Mothers greatly feare: their
spectators for the most part being such as both Poets and Actors are;
even such as reckon no more of their studies, then spend-all Gentlemen
of their cast-suites: So the graver, better, and more studious sort
(especially Divines, who by sundry Councels are prohibited from
acting or beholding any publike or private Stage-playes, and therefore
dare not to a approach them) condemne them, censure them, come
not at them, (especially when they transgresse the rules of modesty
and decency as ought times they doe:) Neither are these Playes so
frequent now as they have beene in former times, by reason of those
mischiefes, those expences of time and mony which they occasion, and
that affinity they have with common Stage-playes, which all ages, all
Christian, all prophane Authors of note, and these our Vniversities
have solemnely condemned ....
14/of for or (?)
APPENDIX 3 857
c 1635
Leaue of, vaine Satyrist, & doe not tbinke
f 44*
Bod|.: Tanner 465
Vpon Mr Cleveland who made a Song against the Doctors
Leaue of, vaine Satyrist, & doe not thinke
To staine our reuerend Purple with thy inke.
Pull from thy verse those teeth, which are scarce worth
The quibling Barbers paines to draw them forth.
Thou do'st our tauernes, & thy Muse much wrong:
Could they not all enflame aboue a Song?
I doe beleeue, if you'l the truth rehearse,
Your ale was midwife to your muddy uerse.
Must gitterns now, & fiddles be made fitt,
Be tun'd, & key'd to sweake a Iohnian witt?
Must now thy Poims be made fidlers notes
Puft with Tobacco through their sutty throats?
Shake of that ill fac't crew. Ar't in a vaine?
Putt on thy socks, & tread the stage againe.
Had they bin on, (as all haue thought more meet,)
They had done service to thy stinking feet.
Are thy strong lines, & mighty cartrope things
Now spunne soe small, they'l twist on fiddle strings?
Canst thou proue Ballade-po& of the times?
Canne thy proud fancy stoope to penny rimes?
What glory's heere? vnlesse the Po& vaunts,
His fidlers barely sing, but he re-cants.
10
15
25
1636
Letter from George Garrard to Edward, Viscount Conway
and Killultagb PRO: SP16/331, Art. 14
p 3* (4September, Hatfield)
...That Night a Play was in Christchurche hall presented to his
Maiestye, fritter for schollers then a Court, my Lord Canarvan flewe
out against yt, sayd it was the worst, that euer he sawe, but One that
he sawe at Cambridge...
3O
35
18/ vaine corrected from veine
8.58 APPENDIX 3
*Mr Cowley
1638
Letter from Robert Cresioell to Lucius Carey,
Second Viscount Falkland Bodl. : Rawlinson Poet. 246
f 27* (single sheet) (12 May, Trinity College)
My Noble Lord
Your Lordship hath highly fauored my vnworthynes both in your
Remembrance & gift, the memory whereof will encrease my
admiracion, of your Lordships singular humanity, & my affeccion to
those studyes whereunto your Lordship glues both countenances
& perfection. The great aduantage I haue made of this change, Diuinity
for Poetry (besides the addition of the language & your Lordships
fauor) makes me remember the Iudicious Lord Verulams pitty of the
Heathen Theology, whose only Fathers were the Poets. I humbly
thank your Lordship for this & other vndeserued courtesyes there,
where I had only that & my boldnes to authorize my welcome. The
like obligation I must acknowledg in the behalf of my ingenious
chamberfellow,* albeit now absent. He hath been as yett a Poett in
Decimo sexto, but is now enlarging the Edition :--An English Pastorall
& a Latine Comedy presented here: We haue as yett receiued neither
them nor himselfe ....
1640
Gervase Holies, Memorials
f 84*
Longleat: Portland Papers, vol xxIv
25
William Holies ye eldest son of Captaine Francis Holies was borne
at Barwicke vpon Twede ye (blank) day of (blank) in ye yeare. 1621 ....
Being yet a childe he was brought by his father into Nottinghamshire,
where he went to schole first at Mansfeld, and after at Newarke vpon
Trent when Mr Poynton was remoued to yat Schoole. From thence
he was sent about. 14. yeares of age to Pembroke Hall in Cambridge
vnder the ouersight of Dr Lany his kinsman ye then Maister. There
he continued neare seauen yeares, In which time he tooke the degree
of Batchelor of Artes (as after during ye war he proceeded Maister
vpon speciall grace in Oxford) and [kept his] performed his Acres with
generall applause, and I receaued this testimony of him (since his
death) from Dr Lany himselfe, That he esteemed him as good a
Scholler as any was of his time in the [whole] vniuersity.
APPENDIX 3 859
f 87
ooo
...He was naturally enclined to studiousnes, and what he read was
commonly his owne, being the Maister of a very happy Memory. He
had a rich and flourishing fancy, which certainly (when his judgement s
had growne more ripe) would haue produced noble effectes. Many
Poems he had wrote (and those worthy of longer life) both in Greeke,
Latine, and English, with two Comoedies yat I haue seene (one in
Latine, and ye other in English called ye Country Court) which all
perished with him, at ye liast fell into such handes as I could neuer l0
retriue any of them, and most likely are lost in this generall ruine ....
1642
John Milton, Apology
p 14"
Wing: M2090
15
... But since there is such necessity to the hear-say of a Tire, a Periwig,
or a Vizard, that Playes must have bin seene, what difficulty was there 20
in that? when in the Colleges so many of the young Divines, and those
in next aptitude to Divinity have bin seene so oft upon the Stage
writhing and unboning their Clergie limmes to all the antick and
dishonest gestures of Trinculo's, Buffons, and Bawds; prostituting the
shame of that ministery which either they had, or were nigh having, 2s
to the eyes of Courtiers and Court-Ladies, with their Groomes and
Madamoisellaes. There while they acted, and overacted, among other
young scholars, I was a spectator; they thought themselves gallant
men, and I thought them fools, they made sport, and I laught, they
mispronounc't and I mislik't, and to make up the atticisme, they were 30
out, and I hist. Judge now whether so many good text men were not
sufficient to instruct me of false beards and vizards without more
expositors; and how can this Confuter take the face to object to me
the seeing of that which his reverent Prelats allow, and incite their
young disciples to act. For if it be unlawfull to sit and behold a 3s
mercenary Comedian personating that which is least unseemely for a
hireling to doe, how much more blamefull is it to indure the sight of
as vile things acted by persons either enter'd, or presently to enter into
the ministery, and how much more foule and ignominious for them
to be the actors.
4O
APPENDIX 4
Allusions to Ignoramus
Ignoramus, by George Ruggle of Clare College, was performed for the royal visit of
James in Trinity College hall on 8 March 1615, and was repeated at the request of
the king on 13 May. Reactions to the play were both immediate and long-lasting. Soon
after the performance Richard Corbet of Oxford composed his 'grave poem' which
touched off a literary combat further described in Appendix 5. The Trinity College
play of Susenbrotus, performed at Royston in 1615-16, included an episode of'the
blasoninge of Ignoramus armes,' which 'woonderfully discontented the Lawyers' (see
p 552 and endnote). As late as 1632 John Pory noted the anniversary of 'that famous
daye on which King Iames went first thither to heare Ignoramus' (p 638). A poem
by Henry King, with the descriptive title 'To his Freinds of Christchurch upon the
mislike of the Marriage of the Artes, acted at Woodstock,' also contains a significant
allusion to Ignoramus. This poem circulated in manuscript, and was finally printed
in 1657 in King's Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes (Wing: K501). (See Margaret Crum, The
Poems of Henry King (Oxford, 1965).)
Among more extended allusions, John Stephens composed an essay in verse, 'Of
Reproof,' which he added to the second edition of his Essayes and Characters,
Ironicall, and Instructive, printed in 1615 (srcT: 23250). He advertised the essay in his
subtitle: With a new Satyre in defence of Common Law and Lawyers: Mixt with
reproofe against their common Enemy. About two years later Robert Callis wrote a
prose satire entitled The Case and Argument against Sir Ignoramus of Cambridge,
finally published in 1648 (Wing: C303).
Incidental uses of the word "ignoramus,' with or without conscious allusions to the
original source, are too numerous to be gathered up in any systematic manner: five
citations from the seventeenth century are listed by the o/D (Ignoramus, 2), following
adefinition which claims that Ruggle's play introduced this word, with its modern
connotations of ignorance or stupidity, to the English language. (For more infor-
mation on this topic, see E.F.J. Tucker, Intruder into Eden: Representations of the
Common Lawyer in English Literature 1350-1750 (Columbia, S.C., 1984), pp 100-1. )
Individuals along with political and institutional historians also remembered the
performance of Ignoramus, embroidering the event with greater and greater
significance with the passage of time.
APPENDIX 4
863
gallopping into the Towne, & When he came upon the stage, he
commanded the Comedians to forbeare, for that My Lord cheif
Iustice Was enformed that they had made a knavish peice of worke
to disgrace the Lawyers, & would haue them appeare befor him to
answere it. The Actors gaue ouer, as if they had not dared to proceed.
Whereupon King lames ros out of his chaire, & beckened to them With
his hand, & saying - Goe on Goe on, I Will beare you out. August
28. 1634.
1643
Sir Fulke Greville, Five Years of King James Wing: W2886
p 60*
...The King goes to Cambridge. A breach about Ignoramus ....
IN this yeate (1614) the King, by the entreaty of Somerset, determined
to go to Cambridge, and there was entertained with great solemnity,
but amongst the rest, there was a Play called by the name of
Ignoramus, that stirred up a great contention betweene the common
Lawyers and the Schollers, in so much as their flouts grew
unsufferable, but at last it was stayed by my Lord Chancellour, and 20
the explaining of the meaning.
The supposed
occasion of
Mr. Se|den's
writing against
the Divine
Right of Tithes.
"Authour of
Dr. Preston's
Life.
1655
Thomas Fuller, Church History of BHtain Wing: F2416 2s
Book x, p 70 (7 March 1615)
39. The KING comes to Cambridge in a sharp Winter, when all the
world was nothing but Aire and Snow. Yet the Scholers Wits did not
Freez with the Weather, witness the pleasant Play of IGNORAMUS, 3o
which they presented to His Majesty. Yet whilst many laughed aloud
at the mirth thereof, some of the graver sort were sad to see the
Common Lawyers made ridiculous therein. If Gowns begin once to
abase Gowns, Cloaks will carry away all. Besides, of all wood, the
Pleaders Bar is the worst to make a Stage of. For, once in an Age, 35
all Professions must be beholding to their patronage. Some a conceive
that in revenge Master John Selden soon after set forth his Books of
Tithes, wherein he historically proveth, That they were payable jure
humano, and not otherwise.
15/yeate for year
864
Many write in
Answer to his
Book.
APPENDIX 4
40. I cannot suspect so high a Soul, guilty of so low reflections,
that his Book related at all to this occasion, but only that the latitude
of his minde, tracing all pathes of learning, did casually light on the
rode of this Subject ....
c 1660
Notebook of Thomas Gibbons
f 85*
Harley 980
The comoedie of Ignoramus so abusiue against Lawyers and supposed
to be made by Mr Rugg of clare hall in Cambridg is but a translation
of a comedy in Baptist porta out of Italian intituled Trapulario as may
be seen by the comedy it self extant in clare hall library with notes of
Mr Ruggells theron of his contriuing & Altering therof.
1694
Roger Coke, A Detection of the Court and State of England
Wing: C4973
pp 75-6* 20
ooo
The King this Year, about the beginning of March 1611/12,
according to his usual methods, went to take his Hunting Pleasures
at New-market, and the Schollars (as they called them) of Cambridge
who knew the Kings humour, Invited him to a Play called Ignoramus, 25
to ridicule (at least the Practice) of the Common Law: Never did any
thing so hit the Kings Humour, as this Play did; so that he would have
it Acted and Acted again, which was increased with several Additions,
which yet more pleased the King.
At this Play it was so contrived, that George Villiers should appear 0
with all the advantages his Mother could set him forth; and the King
so soon as he had seen him, fell into admiration of him, so as he became
confounded between his Adlmiration of Villiers and the pleasure of
the Play, which, the King did not conceal, but gave both Vent upon
several occasions. This set the Heads of the Courtiers at work how 5
to get Somerset out of Favour, and to bring Villiers in...
APPENDIX 5
Topical Poems
Several topical poems are briefly noted here as contemporary allusions to Cambridge
plays; as evidence of personal and critical responses to the plays; and, in some cases,
as evidence of performance practices. Transcriptions of certain poems may be found
in the following printed sources:
Cooper: Charles Henry Cooper, Annals of Cambridge.
Hawkins: George Ruggle, Ignoramus, John S. Hawkins (ed).
Huth: Henry Huth (with William C. Hazlitt) (ed), Inedited Poetical Miscellanies
1584-1700. Selected from Mss. Chiefly in Private Hands, 50 copies printed for pri-
vate circulation (1870). This Huth Miscellany transcribes fifteen poems from cu_:
Add. 4138. Bodl. : Firth d.7 is an independent nineteenth-century transcription of
the same manuscript. For further information on the manuscript, see Ted-Larry
Pebworth and ClaudeJ. Summers, 'Recovering an Important Seventeenth-Century
Poetical Miscellany: Cambridge Add. ts 4138,' Transactions of the Cambridge Bib-
liographical Society, 7 (1978), 156-69.
Kellett: E.E. Kellett (ed), A Book of Cambridge Verse (Cambridge, 1911).
Nichols: John Nichols, The Progresses, Processions, and Magnificent Festivities of
King James the First.
'Crum' designations refer to Margaret Crum (ed), First-Line Index of English Poetry
1500-1800 in Manuscripts of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 2 vols (Oxford, 1969).
By definition, only poems which survive in a Bodleian manuscript have a Crum de-
signation.
1614-15: Ignoramus
Many poems were composed in response to George Ruggle's Ignoramus, performed
before James on 8 March 1615, and again on 13 May. Since most of these poems
APPENDIX 5
867
That you may vnderstand this title, you shall knowe yat a booke so
stiled Liber nouus &c was giuen to the kdng at his first being at
Cambridge/An Oxford man (vt dicitur) thus translated it, as he saith.
It is not yet a ffortnight since
Lutelia entertain'd our Prince
& vented hath a studied toye
as long as was the siege of Troye
And spent themselues for full flue dayes
In speeches exercises playes
10
Crum: I1853 (also I1841, I1844)
Source of this transcription: BL: Add. 23723, ff 8v-11
Cooper, vol 3, pp 76-9
Hawkins, pp cvii-cxiv
Kellett, pp 20-5
Nichols, vol 3, pp 66-73
The poem, by Richard Corbet of Oxford, circulated widely in manuscript and was
first printed in Corbet's Certain Elegant Poems (1648), p 29 (Wing: C6270). It has
been edited and annotated by J.A.W. Bennett and H.R. Trevor-Roper (eds), The
Poems of Richard Corbett (Oxford, 1955), 12-18. The poem's chronological survey
of events of the royal visit provided a pattern for the rest of the poems in this group.
No poem with the title Liber nouus de Aduentu regis ad Cantabrigiam has been
traced. However, this may refer to the poem 'De primo regis aduentu ad Cantabrig/am
liber orthodoxus (incerto authore) [(et)] numeri incertissimi,' with the incipit 'Martis
transierant breues Calendar,' which occurs in the same source (ff 6vb-7a).
13)
A madrigall confuting Oxford ballad.
A ballad late was made
but god knowes who's ye penner
some say ye riming Sculler
& others say't was ffenner,
but those that knowe yat stile
doe smelle it by the coller
& doe mainetaine it was ye braine
of some young Oxford scholler.
30
35
6/Lutelia for Lutetia (cut: Add. 4138, f I)
868 APPENDIX 5
Crum: A2
Source of this transcription: BL: Add. 23723, ff llva-12va
Cooper, vol 3, pp 79-82 Kellett, pp 25-8
Hawkins, pp cxv-cxviii Nichols, vol 3, pp 66-73
This poem, attributed to (William) Lakes of Clare College, is purportedly a translation
of 'Facta est cantilena,' preserved, among other places, in DOL: Bowtell 12, part 2,
ff 47v-8 (Cooper, vol 3, pp 79-82); it is quite possible, of course, that the Latin poem
is a translation of the English.
c)
A certaine modest and ingenuous replie of Cambrige framed by waye
of excuse to certaine absurdities objected by Oxford vnhappilie to haue
falne out at his Majesties first coming thither - obserued by others;
confessed by themselues; lyked by neither; jnstied by either composed
in meeter to be sung as lane shore but will generally serue for any Tune.
Sistir though you supose vs spent
in furnishing our plaies and showes;
2O
Crum: $765 (19th-century transcription)
Source of this transcription: cuL: Add. 4138, ff 9v-12
D)
Newes from Cambridge
25
1. Of all the vniuersities:
that er'e man sawe with eyes,
there is none with Cambrige may compare
in Courtship she is passing feare:
Shee's passing rare to entertayne
the king, the Prince & all his traine./
3O
2. Shee sent as farr as Chichester
to fetch a braue Vice chancellor
Shee sent to London cheif to drawe
the learned Doctors of the lawe.
Diuinitie and eke Phisick
Hit storre at home was small belyke./
15/jnstied for justified (?)
APPENDIX 5 869
3. Shee washt the stones in euerie streete,
least they defile the Courtiers feete,
She skowr'd the sinks as I suppose
to Cry good sauour to their nose.
She made the pumps and spout to sing
God saue the Courtiers of our king./
The Townes-men back't in scarlet redd
Rann with nose blew, their heades well spredd
the schollers cladd in sable blacke
Did make the wind backward to crack
Capps, hoods and hornes did sweetly sing
well come the Courtiers of our king./
5. Vp start a speaker in the throng.
hee spake not much yet was too-long
so fine his stuff, so faire his hawe.
He made the Courtiers almost spewe.
He humm's, he hawes, he coughs, spettes, speakes:
Speakes nothing well, but viuat Rex./I
Then was his sacred Maiestie
Conducted vnto Trinitie
where 3. to 1. to mend the matter
a nother made a speech too flatter.
This speech of 3 partes did consist
The King the Prince the Queen they mist./
7. There they presented on the stage
a play yat doated with old age,
where only one play well his parte
An wonne the heauie Courtiers heart
for 4 howres after t'was beganne
the Epilogue came, and sayde t'was done./
8. On morne they went vnto St Maries
where one among'st the rest miscarries
for, thinking well for to dispute
propoundes the question and falle's mute
10
15
2O
25
30
35
17/hawe changed frorn haires; for hewe (?)
870 APPENDIX 5
Nor did hee blush nor want excuse
He followed but ye Cambrige vse./
The Cambrige vse it's excellent good
to giue the Courtiers full content.
to glue Content such was their care
A horse might take the wall o'the Maire
And none must then controlle an asse
though he did sing the bonny lasse./
10.
So Iointly do they all consent
to giue the Courtiers full content
to giue Content such was their care
A horse might take the wall o', the Maire
And none must then controule an asse
though he did sing the bonny lasse./
11.
There was not any in the towne
but to the Courtiers would fall downe:
the schoolers, townes-men, and their wiues
Bestir'd their tongues, handes, leggs, and thighes
In bed at board, and euerie thing
to please the Courtiers of our King./
12.
There was noe meate, that was no feast
their dyet lodging and procreation
was scottfree to all men of fashion. I
there no man ,rpaid 1 for horse or beast
No man hoe wife gaine said ought thing
to please the Courtiers of our King./
13.
The king thus being wellcommed
was to his Chamber brought to bed,
where I suppose he laie not long
but he desired to be gonne.
So vp he rose and thus did saye
farewell I'le come hoe more this way./
14.
He tooke his horse and rodd with speed
yet cannot thus of hir be reede
S'hee'l be still sending pupils vp
to be a parson, deane, or Bishopp
10
15
20
30
40
872 APPENDIX .5
Source of this transcription: L: Add. 23723, ff 7a-7va
Cooper, vol 3, pp 86-7 Nichols, vol 3, p 89
Hawkins, pp xlii-xliv
Other sources, including those cited by Cooper, Hawkins, and Nichols, give 'Venisti
Cantabrigia' as the opening line.
Note on Performance Practices:
This first group of poems contains several allusions to performance practices. Poem
A asserts that Ignoramus was '6 houres of god knowes what,' while Poem D asserts,
evidently of the Trinity College play Melanthe by Samuel Brooke, that '4 howres after
t'was beganne / the Epilogue came, and sayde t'was done.' Poem C contains an implicit
criticism of Anthony Sleepe, who acted Leoniscus in Melanthe:
though sleepe did ouer Act his parte,
yet pleade the satyre passing well,
As rough in showe, as ranke in smell./
Poem D, by contrast, asserts, probably of the same play and actor:
2O
There they presented on the stage
a play yat doated with old age,
where only one play well his parte
An wonne the heauie Courtiers heart
25
Poem A reveals that the Cambridge vice-chancellor, Samuel Harsnett, bishop of
Chichester, took a seat directly on the stage, conceivably at the side of .lames :
His Lordship here beganne to rage
His Lordship lay vpon the stage
His Lordship caus'de all to be marr'de
Poem E contrasts the modesty of Oxford's vice-chancellor, who entertained the king
in 1605, with the presumption of Cambridge's vice-chancellor:
3O
35
Oxford her vicechancelor
did take his vsual place
but Cambridge lay vpon the stage
at pawne for further grace
4O
APPENDIX 5
873
Poem C first defends the Cambridge vice-chancellor ('their father'), but then implies
that he deserted the stage at the expense of his dignity:
Accuse not our Deuines for Action
or setting out an enterlude
you know they follow must for faction
wherefore their father doeth intrude,
but why the stage then cumberd he?
It was his parte to ouersee./
What if he then began to rage?
their action fell into a swonne,
what if he tumbled from ye stage,
It was to pluck your Proctor downe,
Oxford quoth hee I'le see thee falle,
though Cambridge goe to ground withall.!
10
Finally, Poem A suggests that Harsnett, following the pattern established by Elizabeth
in 1564, employed the royal bodyguard to protect the hall during the performance;
Harsnett, however, was mocked for his efforts, evidently because he used this show
of force to threaten visitors from Oxford:
his Lordship loued a life ye guarde
& did invite these mightie men
to what thinke you, two to an henne. I
25
ffor he was faine to vse theire might
to helpe to keepe the dore that night
& well bestowde he thought his henne
that they might tol-booth Oxford men
he thought it did become a Lord
to threaten with a big-beard worde.
3O
SECOND GROUP: CAMBRIDGE vs THE INNS OF COURT
On 20 May 1615, a week after the second performance of Ignoramus at Cambridge,
John Chamberlain wrote to his friend Sir Dudley Carleton (p 542):
Ignoramus... hath so netled the Lawiers that they are almost out of
all patience, and the Lordcheife Iustice both openly at the Kings bench 40
32/big-beard for bug-beare (cut: Add. 4138, f 2v)
874 APPENDIX
and diuers others places hath galled and glaunced at schollers with
much bitternes, and there be diuers ynne of court men haue made rimes
and ballades against them, which they haue aunswered sharply
enough ....
The 'rimes and ballades' written by the Inns of Court men survive in the following
poems, constituting parts of a debate in verse attributed to John a Stile, student of
the common law at Gray's Inn, and John Dulman, a Cambridge student or clerk. Re-
lated to this group is a prose letter which occurs in BL: Add. 23723, ff 8-8v. Only
the last poem in the group of four is transcribed here; the rest confine themselves to
the dispute over the common law.
A)
Vnto the Comedians of Cambridge who in theire Actes before the
King abused Lawyers with an imposed Ignorance, in 2 ridiculous
persons, Ignoramus the Maister and Dulman the clerke, Iohn a Stile
student of the Common lawe wisheth sounder iudgment & more
reuerent opinion of theire betters.
15
ffaith gentlemen I doe not blame your witte
ooo
Crum: F117
Source of this transcription: BL: 23723, ff 13-14
Cooper, vol 3, p 88 (partial transcription) Nichols, vol 3, p 75 (partial transcription)
Huth, sigs K8v-L2
B)
Iohn Dulman to Iohn at Stile in Grayes Inne sends greeting
Reverend Iohn Stile for stile we will not iarre
3O
Crum: R181
Source of this transcription: L: Add. 23273, ff 14-15v
c)
The Replication of Iohn a Stile, unto the Comedians answer after
whose reioynder he will demurr in Lawe for the insufficiency of the
Plea.
We are your betters in a better sence
because we liue not on Beneuolence
4O
Dulman, you haue confest your error now
APPENDIX 5
rum: not listed
ource of this transcription: Hun.: HM 198, pp 49-51
ee note on this poem in the head-note above (p 866).
875
The soldiers counterbuffe to the Cambridge Interludians.
Though Iohn at stile hath erste replied to the
Yet Dulman take this Counterbuffe from me
Since both doe happe within the same vacation
Which thou didst limitte to thine expectation.
When first in Cambridge I had spent my prime
& nexte at Innes of Courte bestowde some time
& then employde my riper yeeres in warres
pleas'de with such influence of three famous starres
I thought my prime my time my yeeres well spente
Whilste learning lawe & warres gaue such contente
Vntill my latter age[e] desiring reste
retir'de her selfe vnto her natiue neste
Where among newes (some of more plaine importe
some of more danger vnder shewe of sporte) I
I hearde of two occurrents strange to tell
both touching Cambridge-preachers of Gods spell
ffirst that Paul Tomson clipped the king's coine
Next that George Ruglers Interlude did ioyne
Our lawes with ignorance of meere intente
to taxe our king & Ciuill governmente
As all kings figures on theire coines we see
so lawes the stampes & printes of kingdomes be
They that to wound these two would be so boulde
woulde wounde the chiefe & third if so they could
But leaving Tomson to his doome, or grace
I'le turne to Ruglers & his players pace
Whiles preachers & divines of setled age
doe jumpe from Moses chayer to Mimicke stage
& leaving pulpets (theire professions grace)
turne Interludians on theire scaffoldes base
one Momish scoundrell & one Cynicke slaue
must quip & carpe at Lawe & Lawyers grave
he made
Ignoramus
10
15
2
3O
35
4O
876 APPENDIX
one Ignoramus & one Dulman foole
(while ffortie dunces dote in Cambridge schole)
must scoffe at Government they care not howe
so theire Baboones & Atheists mocke & mowe
Grave reverend Iudges Sages of our lawes,
Oracles of truth cleering ech doubtfull clause
Respecte not that base earth-scumme humble-bee
that buzzing hummes rashe Ruglers ribaldrie
A Neophyte, a Novice proud, a gull
to drawe ould Br[s]itanes lawes to Cambridge skull.
O god; o angels; o ye wisest men;
What might ensue of that seditious pen?
Had former times brought forth this rugged beare
he soone had felte what kind of sinne this were
Vetus Comedia was exilde at Rome
who nowe but Cambridge doth reverse that doome?
where Tragedies of Soveraigntie & State
were staged acting kings & princes fate,
where witty Comedies abhorring gall
were exercised in ech Colledge hall
There there (o shame) nought nowe in steade of these
but Pasquilles grosse & carrion jestes doe please
whose lofty Cothurnes Sophocles did passe
she nowe turnes Tarleton with her Cumane asse
Dulman & Ignoramus be her theames
in steade of Phoebus & his tragicke threnes.
O Cambridge Cowebridge like besmearde with shards
to leave thy garden for such dunghill yardes
what? Cambridge? yea yet oxford I adore
for gravity, though Cambridge I for lore
A Cambridge man, yea Cambridge was my mother
But turnde a step-dame I must disavowe her
Thine errors thus vnmasked Cambridge Mome
Nowe rime & raile vntill the cowe come home
Yet haue an eye (th'arte beste) to afterclappes
Thou maiste be answered to thy paine perhappes
Mindes are on fire. Repentance comes too late
Wrong craves revenge Pedante ware thy pate.
10
2o
3o
4o
APPENDIX 5 877
Crum: not listed
Source of this transcription: Br: Add. 23723, ff 15v-17v
THIRD GROUP: CAMBRIDGE vs COMMON LAWYERS
The third group consists of three poems which defend the honour of the common law.
A generall verdict of a grand Iurie, wherby ye comicall deuines of
Cambrige are Coram Domino Rege conuicted as Idiots of an apparent
Ignoramus./
Goe bastardes Goe to Cambrige schooles
Crum: G129 (19th-century transcription)
Source of this transcription: cur: Add. 4138, ff 6v-8v
Huth, sigs I3v-I8
Crum: M872
A modest and temperate reproofe of the Schollars of Camebridg for
sclandring Lawyers with that barbarous and grosse title Ignoramus.
To the tune of Fortune my foe.
My senses do o'erflow with heat and passion
Source of this transcription: Bodl.: Rawlinson poet. 26, ff 34v-6
C) Untitled
A Cambridge scholler, late to London went
ooo
Crum: not listed
Source of this transcription: Br: Sloane 1489, ff 6-6v
FOURTH GROUP: FALSE-LATIN IMITATIONS OF IGNORAMUS
A) A piece of Ignoramus (ie, from act 1, scene S)
Versus legales de Rosabella.
10
20
25
3O
4O
878 APPENDIX 5
Si possem vellem, [pro re]
pro te Rosa ponere pellem
Source of this transcription: BL: Add. 23723, f 7v
B) Ignoramus Contra Scholasticos
Iam plaga vos takeat ieerantas atque gibantas
ooo l0
Source of this transcription: Bodl. : Rawlinson poet 209, ff 25v-6
1622-3: Fucus Histriomastix and Loiola
A) Fucus Histriomastix
On 12 March 1625 John Chamberlain wrote to his friend Sir Dudley Carleton: 'I send
here a ri(me) made by one of kinges college in Cambridge vpon a play presented lately
at Newmarket by his neighbours of Quenes college, yf you haue not seen yt alredy
you will thincke yt worth the reading...' (Records, p 598). Apparently the rime was
'On Fucus' by Henry Moll of King's College, on the performance ofFucus Histriomas-
tix at Newmarket about 13 March 1623.
On Fucus.
A Comcdy acted before the King by some of Queens Colledge
in Cambridge:
The Queenes Colledge Play, from Cambridge away
The King to the Court did call
Because it was pitty, that a thinge so witty
Should dye in a private Hall.
They thought it no slander to ye Court for to wander
Though men might Judge never so hard
The King did command it, they could not withstand it
And therefore went thitherward.
Three coaches came empty to carry some twenty
With bagge and baggage to boote
And when they had done, 'twas twenty to one
They had not come home on foote
25
40
880 APPENDIX
She went but six mile and gate not a smile
And came her wayes home againe
These were better seru'd, had what they deseru'd
They were well laught at for theire paine.
The King as they say at theire coming away
Greate grace unto yem did show
And gaue them ten pound to drinke his health round
But I thinke it was not soe.
That gift was too small to giue 'mongst them all
For euery man for his share
Dese[r]ued no worse then ten pound and a purse
I'le be judg'd by them that were there.
Now when you make more, bee aduised before
Your lgnavia must not bee such
Your Ingenium, your Iudicium
Had neede bee twice as much. I
And then last of all, your fift act was too small,
At least you must make it soe bigge
That when there's an end men need not attend
As if they expected a Iigge.
Now Trinity Colledge, you needs must acknowledge
They were to you of good use
For thus they did toyle to bee but your foyle
And rayse your noble Muse.
For they yat will looke without their owne booke
Will quickly be brought to see
And easyly know their's was but a shew
And your's the Comcedy.
Henry Molle
10
20
30
Crum: T1218
Source of this transcription: Bodl.: Rawlinson poet. 147, pp 4-7 (follows 'On
Technogamia, A Comedy Acted at Oxford')
APPENDIX 5 881
B) Loiola
Vppon the play at Cambridge
Vbi mixta La:tis tristia, prophanis sacra
Source of this transcription: Bodl.: Rawlinson poet. 117, f 25
This poem is attributed to 'M. Grime M(...).'
1631-2: The Rival FHends and The Jealous Lovers
Peter Hausted's The Rival Friends, performed on 19 March 1632, and Thomas
Randolph's The Jealous Lovers, performed the next day, were the cause of bitterness
and rivalry even before they were performed. The rivalry was prosecuted after
the performances, most obviously on the title-page of Hausted's The Rival Friends
(Appendix 6:1). Randolph replied in his praevarication.
The introductory pages of Randolph's The Jealous Lovers (1632) contain much
commendatory prose and verse, some by the author, some by his admirers. A poem
by Randolph himself preserves unique evidence for the identity of a principal actor
in the production, Thomas Riley. As Bentley observes of Riley in Jcs, vol 5, p 985,
'[s]ince Randolph speaks of him once as a lover, he may have played Tyndarus."
A)
Thomas Randolph's Oratio Praevaricatoria
Praevarications were authorized comic speeches delivered in the course of commence-
ment exercises, intended as burlesques of the serious academic ceremonies. Thomas
Randolph apparently delivered his praevarication during the July 1632 masters" com-
mencement. (Two poems on the commencement exercises held during the royal visit
in March 1632 are 'Our King is come to Cambridge town,' Bodl. : Rawlinson poet.
26, f 30 (Crum 01291); and 'Cambridge, though in thy praise we dare not write'
(Crum C33).)
... Ilia res Comica, qua: prim6 ante Regem acta est, amicos habuit, sed
sine Rivalibus. Fuit optima Comoedia a priori, sed olet a posteriori.
Nunc impressa est. Miror ego ejus hominis stomachum, qui talem
librum edere potuit. Ego in illius laudes sic cecini.
4O
882 APPENDIX
lam sileat lack Drum, taceat miracula Tom Thumb;
Nec se gigantem jactet Garagantua tantum;
Nec ferat insanus sua pra:lia Tamberlanus,
Nec Palmerinus, nec strenuus Alborinus.
Se quondam ratus sapientem Tom Coriatus,
Et Don Quicksotto dicit; Sum nunc idiota
Nunc metuit dia divortia Technogamia:
Insignis Pericles non audet tam celebres res.
Impiger Orlando jam non est tam furioso;
Non te, Ieronymo, cogemus surgere lecto.
Nemo dicat jam prudentes pascere Gotham
Namque est doctorum comcedia scripta virorum,
Qua: superat cunctas (tanta est fiducia!) laudes,
Et jam securum petiit post pra:lia prelum
Ignavum fucus pecus est, petit ilico lucos;
Et factus blancum non saltat princum prancum.
Dicunt hoc Puerile, Odium vicisse Senile,
Hic est sensus non, et possis ludere checkstone.
Iam peracta est fabula Plaudite
Source of this transcription: 3L: Add. 44963, f 26
10
The complete praevarication occurs in 3L: Add. 44963, ff 22v-6; the poem alone
occurs in CUE: Add. 79, f 39. W. Carew Hazlitt (ed), Poeticaland Dramatic Works
of Thomas Randolph, vol 2 (London, 1875), 671-80, prints the entire Oratio
Praeva ricatoria.
Still another attack on Hausted is the anonymous 'Have at you, sir,' entitled 'In
defence of those Scholars, whom Mr Hausted calumniates in the Frontispice of his
Rivall friends.' This poem occurs in 3i: Add. 44963, ff 10v-! 1. It is reprinted in Huth,
sigs M6v-Tv, and thence by John Q. Adams, 'Peter Hausted's The Rivall Friends,
with Some Account of his Other Works,'Journal of English and German Philology,
ll (1912), 437-8.
B) To his deare friend, Thomas Riley.
I will not say I on our stage have seen
A second Roscius; that too poore had been:
But I have seen a Proteus, that can take
What shape he please, and in an instant make
4O
884 APPENDIX
1641-2: The Guardian
On 12 March 1642 Abraham Cowley's The Guardian was presented to Prince Charles
in Trinity College hall. Cowley later reported that the play had been written in haste
and scarcely rehearsed (Records). In his prologue and epilogue for the play Cowley
apologized for the lack of preparation, turning this fault into a neat poetic conceit.
The prologue and epilogue were subsequently printed, together with 'The Echo'
(Crum C5002 and C6683), as a royalist tract; the prologue and epilogue also survive
in manuscript (Crum W2149). For more information on the printed tract, including
a note on the pseudonym 'Francis Cole,' see Appendix 11, 1642. For an illustration,
see Appendix 19.
THE PROLOGVE I AND I EPILOGVE I TO I A COMEDIE, I
PRESENTED, I At the Entertainment of the Prince His I Highnesse,
by the Schollers of Trinity Col- I lege in Cambridge, in March last,
11642. I By Francis Cole. I LONDON: I Printed for lames Calvin,
1642. I
THE PROLOGUE
Who sayes the Times do Learning disallow?
'Tis false: 'Twas never honoured more then now.
When you appear (great Prince) the Night is done,
You are our Morning Starre; shall be our Sunne.
But our Scean's London now, and by the Rout
We perish, if the Round-heads be about.
For now no Ornament, the head must wear
No Bayes, no Myter, scarce so much as hair.
How can a Play passe safely? when we know
Cheape side Crosse fals, for making but a show.
Our only hope is this, that (it may be)
A Play may passe, 'twas made extempore.
Though other Arts poor and neglected grow,
They'l admit Poesie, which was ever so.
But we contemn the fury of these dayes,
And scorn as much their Censure, as their praise.
Our Muse (blest Sir) doth now on you rely,
'Twould gladly live; but not refuse to die. I
Accept our hearty zeal, a thing thats plaid
Ear't was a play, and acted ere t'was made:
2O
3O
4O
APPENDIX 5 885
Our Ignorance, but our duty too we show,
I would all ignorant people would do so.
At other times expect our wit or Art,
This Comedy is acted by the heart. I
THE EPILOGVE
The Play great Sir, is done, it needs must fear,
Though you brought all your mercies here
It may offend your Highnesse, we have now
Three hours done Treason here for ought we know;
But powr your Grace, can above Nature give,
I, can give power to make Abortives live.
In which if our bold wishes should be crost,
'Tis but the life of one poore week that's lost:
Though it should fall beneath your potent scorn,
Scarce can it dye more quickly then t'was born.
Source of this transcription: BL: Thomason Tract, E. 144(9), sigs A-A3
10
IS
APPENDIX 6
Cambridge Play
Bibliography
Play texts in this appendix have been divided into four groups:
Group 1 : Surviving play texts certainly or probably performed at Cambridge. Two
plays by Emmanuel College authors (Clytophon and Pseudomagia) are admitted by
benefit of the doubt (see p 753).
Group 2: Lost plays certainly, probably, or possibly performed at Cambridge. Plays
reported by Nash and Harvey, perhaps in jest (Dunsfurens, Tarrarantantara turba,
and Terminus et non terminus), are admitted by benefit of the doubt.
Group 3: Plays written at Cambridge, but not performed and perhaps not meant for
performance. Includes many plays, lost plays among them, written after performances
ceased in a given college (eg, Christ's after 1567-8), or written by members of colleges
not known to have staged plays at all (eg, Trinity Hall).
Group 4: Plays sometimes attributed to Cambridge, but for which there is no
evidence for performance there, or positive evidence against.
The distinctions among these four categories are often not sharp.
The following information - where available - is given for each play:
Title
Language
Author
Early printed edition(s)
Manuscript(s)
Modern edition (usually only one)
Reference works (usually only two)
Synopsis
Performance history
Note
Information or conjecture concerning performance histories is based on the
Records, title-pages, cast lists, internal evidence in the texts, and university careers.
Conclusions drawn by Chambers, Elizabethan Stage (Es) or Bentley,Jacobean and
APPENDIX 6 887
Caroline Stage (Jcs) are usually accepted unless specific objection is raised in a note
to the entry. Normally, the modern edition named is that given by Annals of English
Drama (,ED), unless a more recent edition is available.
Printed title pages, transcribed in full by Greg, Bibliography of English Printed
Drama to the Restoration (London, 1939-59), are here presented more briefly, with
modernization of u/v and i/j; all information bearing on author, title, date, place of
performance, and presence of dignitaries is retained. Greg also lists Stationers' Register
entries, which are usually not noted here.
Play manuscripts are listed in order of college, university library (Cambridge and
Oxford), the British Library, and other libraries. Manuscripts are designated variously
as fascicules, formal copies, or presentation copies; or given no designation at all. MSS
given no designation are those which seem to have been made at some period later
than the actual performance for an inherently antiquarian purpose: for example, a
commonplace book into which a play text has been copied along with other literary
works, or a manuscript anthology of various play texts. Formal copies or presentation
copies are manuscripts normally containing only one play in a fine binding and
roughly contemporary with the play production. Fascicules are manuscripts contain-
ing only one play, of an informal character, perhaps not intended for binding orig-
inally, and roughly contemporary with the play production. Some fascicules remain
unbound and in their original covers; some have been subsequently bound, but pre-
serve original covers or flyleaves; some have been collected with other fascicules to
form a bound codex which serves as a play anthology. Clearly, the distinction between
a formal copy and a neatly ruled and copied fascicule is a subjective one. The attempt
is made to preserve a distinction because a fascicule seems most likely to represent
the original state of the text, and may even have served as a performance text.
Folio or page numbers are given for all title-page, colophon, and other transcrip-
tions, except in the case of the five plays preserved in YUL: MS Vault/Shelves/Plays,
Items 1-5. Although bound together in one codex and written in a uniform hand,
the Items are separately paginated, and no page numbers are assigned to any title-page,
each of which immediately precedes the first numbered page of the Item. Information
on ownership has been recorded where that information reveals a specific interest in
preserving evidence concerning Cambridge drama.
Not listed among modern editions are facsimile editions of Latin play texts in the
series Renaissance Latin Drama in England, Marvin Spevack and J.W. Binns (gen eds).
Reference works are limited to Es or Jcs, and to AEn. s and cs, which should be
searched either by author or by title, as appropriate, generally contain much more
information about authors and plays than is given here. The AD reference is followed
by the year under which Harbage and Schoenbaum have listed the play, and their es-
timated limits where they considered the year in doubt. Differences of opinion over
dates or other aspects of production are discussed in the notes.
A synopsis is named where one is available in a standard article or book. Four ab-
breviations have been used in references to synopses:
888 APPENDIX 6:1
Boas: Boas, University Drama.
Bow: R.H. Bowers, 'Some Folger Academic Drama Manuscripts.'
C-K: G.B. Churchill and W. Keller, 'Die Lateinischen Universitits-Dramen Eng-
lands.'
Mor: Louise B. Morgan, 'Latin University Drama.'
Group 1: Surviving Play Texts
Absalom
AUTHOR: Thomas Watson
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT :
- BL: Stowe 957 (fascicule of 30 leaves). (No title.)
MODERN EDITION: John Hazel Smith (ed), A Humanist's "Trew Imitation': Thomas
Watson's Absalom, Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, 52 (Urbana, 1964).
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1540 (c 1535-44)
SYNOPSIS: C-K, pp 229-32; Boas, pp 62-5, 352-65
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, c 1539-40
NOTE: The college performance is described by Roger Ascham (1539-40). Boas, Uni-
versity Drama, pp 63-4 and Appendix 1, does not accept that the Absalom play
in Stowe 957 is Watson's play.
Adelphe
AUTHOR: Samuel Brooke LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
- TCL: R. 3.9, ff 109-38v. F 110v: ADELPH E. Comoedia in Collegij Trinitatis aul
bis public6 act .... Authore Domino Doctore Brooke Collegij Trinitatis ....
Secund6 tempore coram Principe Charolo, et comite Palatino Anno Domini 1612.
Actores in fabula Anno Domini 1611. (Cast lists.)
- TCL: R. 10.4, ff 1-28v (Art. 1 : fascicule of 28 leaves). F 2: Adelphe. (Prologue and
epilogue for 1662 performance on ff lv and 28v.)
APPENDIX 6:1 891
of it being laid downe before for the space of seaven yeares, in respect the fellowes
had found themselues agreeved at it for theire abuse, and now againe revived by
one Randolphe, one of the Schollers of the same house.
MODERN EDITION : William C. Hazlitt (ed), Poeticaland Dramatic Works of Thomas
Randolph, vol 1 (London, 1875), 1-34.
REFERENCE WORKS: ./CS; AED 1626 (1625-6)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College hall. cs argues, by reference to The Conceited
Pedlar, for a performance date of All Saints', or 1 November. This was not, how-
ever, a fast night. The nights of Ash Wednesday (the most prominent fast day in
the calendar) and of its eve, Shrove Tuesday, either of which might be referred to
as a fast night, were both used for plays.
NOTE: The description of the play in Folger: V. b. 320 is notably similar to the claim
of Randolph's Salting of 162 7: 'No salting here these many yeares was seene/ Salt
hath with vs long out of season bene' (Roslyn Richek, 'Thomas Randolph's
Salting...,' English Literary Renaissance, 12 (1982), 113).
Band, Cuff, and Ruff
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: A Merrie Dialogue, betweene Band, Cuffe, and Ruffe: Done
by an Excellent Wit, and Lately Acted in a Shew in the Famous Universitie of
Cambridge. London, 1615. Greg 326; src: 1355-6
MANUSCRIPTS:
- Bodl. : Lyel137, pp 124-6, 139. P 124: Cambridge. Speakers Bande. Cuffe. Ruffe.
Antiquarian transcription.
- BL: Add. 23723, ff 1-3v. F 1: Speakers Bande Cuffe Ruffe.
- Folger: J.a.2, ff 25-5v. F 25: Ruff: Band: Cuff:
- Bradford, West Yorkshire Archive Service: Hopkinson 32D86/17, pp [ 1-6]. F [ 1 ]:
Comedye. Actores; Band, Ruffe, Cuffe Acted at Oxford ffebruari] 24: Anno
Domini 1646. Antiquarian transcript by John Hopkinson of Lofthouse near Leeds.
MODERN EDITION : In Charles Hindley (ed), The OM Book Collector's Miscellany, vol 2
(London, 1872), np. Also in Thomas Berger and Suzanne Gossett (eds), Academic
Entertainments in the Folger Manuscripts (Malone Society, forthcoming).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1615
892 APPENDIX 6:1
PERFORMANCE HIS'gORY: unknown; possibly Trinity College, 1615 (year of publica-
tion)
NO'rE: ES lists under the title Ruff, Cuff, and Band. Two editions were printed in 1615.
The Stationers' Register entry of 10 February 1615 indicates that the play must have
been composed before this date. The reported performance at Oxford 24 February
1647 is not confirmed by other evidence and seems doubtful.
Boot and Spur
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- Folger: J. a. 1, ff 19-23v (fascicule of 5 leaves, f 23v blank). F 19: Boot & Spurre
(added in later hand).
MODERN EDITION: In Thomas Berger and Suzanne Gossett (eds), Academic Entertain-
ments in the Folger Manuscripts (Malone Society, forthcoming). Also R.S. Thom-
son (ed), 'Boote and Spurre: A Jacobean Qu&e from Folger MsJ. a. 1'(English Liter-
ary Review, forthcoming).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1612 (1611-20?)
SYNOPSIS: Bow, p 118
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown
NOTE: The editors of the forthcoming Malone Society edition believe that this is either
a Cambridge or an Oxford play, but that no evidence has been discovered to assign
the play with confidence to one or the other university. It is assigned here to Cam-
bridge on the grounds that Oxford is not known to have performed such 'shows,'
whereas the tradition was firmly established at Cambridge. A reference in the text
to Coryate's Crudities reveals that this play must have been composed after the pub-
lication of that notorious book in 1611 and before Coryate's death in 1617.
Can cer
AUTHOR: unknown
EARLY PRINTED EDITION :
LANGUAGE: Latin
Cancer: Comoedia. London, 1648. Greg L21 ; Wing: H170
894 APPENDIX 6:1
Club Law
AU'I'HOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIP'I":
-- SJL: S.62 (447) (fascicule of 30 leaves paginated 7-67). (No title-page.) Imperfect:
begins at end of act 1, scene 3.
ODERN EDITION: G.C. Moore Smith (ed), Club Law: A Comedy Acted in Clare Hall,
Cambridge, about I599-I600 (Cambridge, 1907).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1599 (1599-1600)
SYNOPSIS: Boas, pp 324-31
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Clare College c 1600; performance described by Fuller
NO'rE: Smith, pp lv-lvi, observes: 'It does not seem to me impossible that Club Law
should have been written by Ruggle, especially if it is to be dated in 1599 or 1600,
after Ruggle had become domiciled at Clare. But it is impossible to use internal
evidence to prove the common authorship of two works so utterly different as Club
Law and Ignoramus, and we are left to the authority of Mr Hayward's MS., which
may be valuable or may not.' Boas, University Drama, p 325, n 1, gives reasons
for attributing both plays to the same author. (Further on 'Mr Hayward's MS,' see
p 860.)
Clytophon
Au'rHOR: William Ainsworth?
LANGUAGE: Latin
MA N USCRIPT:
-- EML: 185 (3.1.17), Art. 5 (8 numbered bifolia). F la: Clytophon. F 86: Gulielmus
Bretonus possessor. Gulielmus Ainseworthus Scriptor.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ./CS; AED 1625 (c 1620-c 1630)
PERFORMANCE HIS'I'ORY : unknown..cs suggests the possibility of Emmanuel College
(Ainsworth's college), c 1625; see also Pseudomagia.
896 APPENDIX 6:1
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1616 (1610-c 1616)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown
NOTE: This was possibly the comedy performed at Caius College in 1615-16
(Records)..cs provides an extensive discussion of Cruso's probable authorship of
this play.
Fraus Honesta
AUTHOR: Edmund Stubbs
LANGUAGE: Latin
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: Fraus honesta comoedia Cantabrigiae olim acta.
Authore Mro Stubbe, Collegii Trinitatis socio. London, 1632. Greg L10;
src: 23374
MANUSCRIPTS:
- EML: 185 (3. I. 17), Art. 6 (9 numbered bifolia). F la: Fraus Honesta .... Scena est
fflorentiae decimo die ffebruarij 1616. Authore magistro stubbe Collegi i Trinitatis
socio./... F 9a: William Benton. (Cast list.)
- TCL: R. 17.9, Art. 2 (fascicule of 18 leaves), ff 35-52v. (No title.)
- TCL: R. 17.10, Art. l, ff 1-17v. F2: FRAVS HONESTA. Acta erat hzc Comedia
decimo die Februari] Anno Domini 1618. Authore Magistro Stubbe, Collegi i
Trinitatis socio. (Cast list.)
- BL: Harley 2296, ff 151-67v (Art. 29: fascicule of 17 leaves). Title-page missing.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1619
SYNOPSIS: Masson, Life of Milton, vol 1, pp 221-4
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: first performance Trinity College hall 10 February 1619 (see
Appendix 7 for cast list); second performance 24 September 1629 (for noble audi-
ence)
NOTE: also called Callidamus et Callanthia. The date 1616 in the Emmanuel College
Library copy is almost certainly an error. A possible intermediate performance c
1621-2 is suggested by Joseph Mead's letter of 26 September 1629 (p 622), men-
tioning a performance 'some 7 yeares since'; more likely Mead miscounted the years
since its original performance.
APPENDIX 6:1
Gown, Hood, and Cap
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
899
MANUSCRIPT:
- Folger: J.a.2, ff 49v-50. F 49v: Gowne Hood Capp.
MODERN EDITION: In Thomas Berger and Suzanne Gossett (eds), Academic Entertain-
ments in the Folger Manuscripts (Malone Society, forthcoming).
REFERENCE WORK: AED (Supplementary List I)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown; possibly performed in Trinity College hall in the
second decade of the seventeenth century
NOTE: References in the text to a Sophister (usually a Cambridge term) and to football
'ath' leayes' (ie, at the Leys, a field behind Pembroke College: see Map 4) identify
this as a Cambridge play.
The Guardian
AUTHOR: Abraham Cowley
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION : The Guardian. A Comedie Acted before Prince Charles his
Highness, at Trinity-Colledge in Cambridge, upon the Twelfth of March, 1641.
Written by Abraham Cowley. London, 1650. Greg 693; Wing: C6673
MODERN EDITION: A.R. Waller (ed), The English Writings of Abraham Cowley, vol
2 (Cambridge, 1905-6), 159-242.
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1642
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College hall, 12 March 1642 (for royal audience)
NOTE: Subsequently reworked and published as Cutter of Coleman Street (London,
1663) (Wing: C6669): see English Writings, pp 259-341. Both versions are in
Alexander B. Grosart (ed), The Complete Works in Verse and Prose of Abraham
Cowley Now For the First Time Collected and Edited: With Memorial-Introduction
and Notes and Illustrations, Portraits, &c., The Chertsey Worthies Library, vol 1
(Edinburgh, 1881; rpt New York, 1967), 205-33 (Guardian), 173-204 (Cutter).
For the prologue and epilogue, see also Appendixes 5, 1642; 11, 1642; and 19.
900 APPENDIX 6:1
Heteroclitanomalonomia
AUTHOR: unknown
MANUSCRIPT:
LANGUAGE: English
Folger: J.a. 1, ff 119-33v (fascicule of 15 leaves, f 133v blank). F 119: 1613. Hetero-
clitanomalonomia.
MODERN EDITION: In David Lee Russell (ed), Stuart Academic Drama: An Edition of
Three University Plays (New York, 1987). Also in Thomas Berger and Suzanne
Gossett (eds), Academic Entertainments in the Folger Manuscripts (Malone Society,
forthcoming).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1613
SYNOPSIS: Bow, p 121
PERFORMANCE HISTORY." unknown; possibly 1613
NOTE: The manuscript date of 1613 may reasonably be taken as the date of compo-
sition and performance. The editors of the forthcoming Malone Society edition
believe that this is either a Cambridge or an Oxford play, but that no evidence has
been discovered to assign the play with confidence to one or the other university.
It is included in this list because it survives in a manuscript collection containing
other plays which may also have originated in Cambridge (ie, Boot and Spur,
A Christmas Messe, Gigantomachia, and Risus Anglicanus).
Hey for Honesty, Down with Knavery
AUTHOR: Thomas Randolph LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: Hkovoq00ctktttct Hko,,oyctvttct. A Pleasant Comedie,
Entituled Hey for Honesty, Down with Knavery. Translated out of Aristophanes
his Plutus, by Tho: Randolph. London, 1651. Greg 699; Wing: A3685
MODERN EDITION : William C. Hazlitt (ed), Poeticaland Dramatic Works of Thomas
Randolph, vol 2 (London, 1875), 373-492.
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1627 (c 1626-c 1628)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1627?
APPENDIX 6:1
NOTE: adaptation of Aristophanes, Plutus
Hispanus
AUT.OR: Roger Morrell?;
or William Pratt?
901
LANGUAGE." Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
- Bodl. : Douce234, ff 15v-40; additions ff 59-65. F 15v: HISPANVS ... Surnmus
histriodidascalus Mr Pratt. In diem Comitialern anno dornini 1596. (Cast list.)
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1597
SYNOPSIS: C-K, pp 297-300; Boas, pp 304-13
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, 9 February (Ash Wednesday) 1597? See
Appendix 7 for cast list.
NOTE: Two names occur on title-page: "(M)orrell' and 'Mr Pratt.'
Hymenaeus
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
- GeL: 125/62, pp 111-40. P 111 : Hymenaeus.
- SJL: S.45 (435), i + 40 pages (first 20 leaves of a commonplace book). F i:
Hymena:us. (Cast list.)
MODERN EDITION: G.C. Moore Smith (ed), Hyrnenaeus: A Comedy Acted at St. John's
College, Cambridge (Cambridge, 1908).
REFERENCE WORKSt ES; AED 1579
sYNoPsis: C-K, pp 287-91; Boas, pp 134-40
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, c 1578-9. See Appendix 7 for cast list.
NOTE: adaptation of Boccaccio, Decarneron, Tenth Novella, Day Four; suggested
authors: Abraham Fraunce, Henry Hickman. The cast list is similar to that of
904 APPENDIX 6:1
by students of the college on 20 March (for royal audience). See below, The Rzval
Friends, for incidents surrounding this play.
Jephthah
AUTHOR: John Christopherson
LANGUAGE: Greek
MANUSCRIPTS:
- SJL: H. 19 (284) (presentation copy of 55 unfoliated leaves). F [Iv]:
qo0di. Contains a dedication to Cuthbert (Tunstall), bishop of Durham.
- TCL: O. 1.37 (presentation copy of 61 leaves: ff 1-13, address to patron; ff 14-58,
text; ff 59-61 blank). F 14: TQctyb,t Eqo0ti. Contains a dedication to William
Parr, earl of Essex.
MODERN EDITION: Francis Howard Fobes (ed and trans),Jephthah (Newark, 1928).
REFERENCE WORKS: AED 1544 (C 1539--C 1544)
SYNOPSIS: Boas, pp 45-60
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Performed - if at all - either in St John's College prior to
1546 or at Trinity College soon thereafter: see Appendix 11, 1544.
NOTE: In 1546 Christopherson left St John's to become a founding member of Trinity
College. Then, during the reign of Edward Vl (1547-53), he resided as a Catholic
exile in Louvain. In 1553, following the accession of Mary, he returned to Trinity,
and was appointed third master, replacing William Bill. Conceivably, therefore,
Jephthah was performed at St John's College a year or two before the foundation
of Trinity College in 1546. As noted by Smith, College Plays, pp 4-5, the play could
have been performed at Trinity College only during the first Christmas of its exis-
tence, or after Christopherson's return upon Mary's accession. See Christopher-
son's Latin version of Jephthah (p 937).
Labyrinthus
AUTHOR: WalterHawkesworth LANGUAGE: Latin
EARLY PRINTED EDITION : Labyrinthus. Comcedia habita coram Sereniss. Rege Iacobo
in academia Cantabrigiensi. London, 1636. Grey LI4; sTc: 12956
APPENDIX 6:1 905
MANUSCRIPTS:
SJL: 1.8 (309), ff [33-67v] (second half of compilation: see also Leander). F 33:
Labarinthus.
-- TCL: R.3.9, ff25-52v. F 26v: LABYRINTHVS ... Authore Magistro Haukesworth
Trinitatis Collegii olim socio. (Cast list.)
- CUL: Ee.5.16, Art. 3 (ff49-70v, followed by 4 blank leaves foliated iv-vii). F 49:
Labyrinthus .... Authore Magistro Haukesworth Trinitatis Collegii quondam
socio. (Cast list.)
Bodl. : Douce 315 (fascicule of iv + 66 pages; text pp 1-61, pp 62-6 blank; title-page
missing.) (Cast list.)
Lam. : 838, Art. 5 (fascicule of 36 leaves, erratically foliated). F 1 : Laborintus. (Cast
list.)
Warwick County Record Office: Newdegate CR136/B. 761 (fascicule of 26 leaves,
unfoliated). F [1]: LABYRINTHVS.
YUL: MS Vault/Shelves/Plays, Item 2 (36 leaves). LABYRINTHVS. Comcedia.
Authore Magistro Hauksworth. Trinitatis collegii quondam socio. (Cast list.)
MODERN EDITION: Susan Lesley Brock, "Walter Hawkesworth's Labyrinthus: An Edi-
tion with a Translation and Commentary,' University of Birmingham PhD thesis,
1974.
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1603 (1603-6)
sYtOPSlS: C-K, pp 308-13; Boas, pp 317, 320-1
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1602-3. See Appendix 7 for cast list.
rOTE: adaptation of Giambattista della Porta, La Cintia (Venice, 1601). Ao lists a
manuscript copy in Bodl. : Douce 43315, but this is a conflation of references in
s to Douce MRS 43 and 315. In fact, Douce 43 does not contain a copy of the play.
On a reported performance c 1622-3, see Appendix 11, 1622-3.
Laelia
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
- Lam.: 838, Art. 4 (fascicule of i + 36 leaves). F lv: Lalia.
MOt)ERN EOITION: G.C. Moore Smith (ed), Laelia: A Comedy Acted at Queens'
College, Cambridge, Probably March 1st, 19 (Cambridge, 1910).
APPENDIX 6:1 909
evidently went forward. It was performed again, this time with the king in atten-
dance, on 12 March.
NOTE: originally composed by Hacket c 1616 (Appendix 3, 1675). Evidently revised
for performance by Edmund Stubbs (Records, 1622-3; see also Jcs). A copy of the
1648 edition in the Huntington Library (RB 247656) contains a complete cast list
in a hand which also supplies the date 1665. Folger: V. b. 222, f 165v (rev) contains
a transcription of the title page, including a partial cast list. See entry in Appendix 7
for further information on the actors in this play.
Macbiavellus
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
- Bodl. : Douce 234, ff 40v-58v. F 40v: MACHIAVELLUS ... Anno Domini 1597.
Decembris 9. Imperfect: breaks off in act 5, scene 5. (Cast list.)
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1597
SVNOPSlS: C-K, pp 300-3; Boas, pp 313-17
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, 9 December 1597. See Appendix 7 for
cast list.
NOTE: aED attributes this play to Nathaniel Wiburne on the evidence of a note of un-
certain authority written by Douce in the Bodleian copy.
A Masque Before Queen Elizabeth
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- CUL: Ff.5.14, f 141v. A maske before quen Elizabethe.
MODERN EDITION: Marion Colthorpe, 'Anti-Catholic Masques Performed before
Queen Elizabeth l,' Notes and Queries, ns 33 (1986), 316-18.
REFERENCE WORKS: AED 1564
APPENDIX 6:1 911
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JC$; AED 1612
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown; AEO suggests Cambridge, 1612
NOTE: date suggested by internal reference to Virginia. Two other plays with this title
are Thomas Arthur's play of c 1522-3 (p 931), and a printed play of 163 7 by Thomas
Nabbes (Greg 514).
Misogonus
AUTHOR: Anthony Rudd?
LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- Hun.: HM 452 (fascicule of 24 leaves). F 1 : A mery and p(...) Misogonus ...
Laurentius Bark0na. Ketthering die 20 Novembris Anno 1577. Imperfect; breaks
off in act 4, scene 4.
MODERN EDITION : Lester Ernest Barber (ed and trans), Misogonus (New York, 1979).
REFERENCE WORKS: E$; AED 1570 (c 1560-77)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1577?
tqOTE: aEO suggests Anthony Rudd, Thomas Richards, or Laurence Johnson as pos-
sible authors. Only the name of Johnson (Bariwna = son of John) appears as part
of the formally planned title-page; since he was from Christ's, which had no plays
by this date, and was writing at Kettering late in November, he may have been the
scribe of the title-page rather than the author of the play. (The title-page is written
in a different hand from the play.) Other names have been added to the Ms, as fol-
lows: Anthony Rud(d) (f 1, near title); Thomas Rychardes and Thomas Warde
(f I v, bottom); William Wylliams (f I I v); John Yorke (f 17). Rudd, Richards, and
Ward were all from Trinity; Ward's matriculation Lent 1577 matches the year given
on the title-page. A William Williams matriculated from Queens' 1571 ;John Yorke
is unknown. (Barber, pp 11-25, provides a full discussion of authorship.)
Naufragium Joculare
AUTHOR: Abraham Cowley
LANGUAGE: Latin
EARLY PRINTED EDITION : Naufragium ioculare, comcedia: publice coram academicis
APPENDIX 6:1 913
also next item). F 201 : The Pilgrimage to Parnassus. Outer leaf (f 200) contains the
name of 'Edmunde Rishton Lancastrensis.'
MODERN EDITION: In James B. Leishman (ed), The Three Parnassus Plays (1598-1601)
(London, 1949).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1599 (1598-9)
SYNOPSIS: Boas, pp 336-8
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, Christmas?, c 1598-9
NOTE: AED suggests that Owen Gwyn may have had a hand in the composition.
Parnassus !!: The Return from Parnassus
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- Bodl. : Rawlinson D.398, ff 207-20 (Art. 72: second part of quire of 10 bifolia; see
also previous item). F 207: The returne from Parnassus.
MODERN EDITION: In James B. Leishman (ed), The Three Parnassus Plays (1598-1601)
(London, 1949).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1600 (1599-1601)
SYNOPSIS: Mullinger, University of Cambridge, vol 2, pp 522-6; Boas, pp 338-46
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, Christmas, c 1599-1601
NOTE: Aet suggests that Owen Gwyn may have had a hand in the composition. (Re-
ferences to Shakespeare and Jonson are cited on p xiv of this collection.)
Parnassus m: The Return from Parnassus
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: The Returne from Pernassus: or the Scourge of Simony.
Publiquely Acted by the Students in Saint Johns Colledge in Cambridge. London,
1606. Grey 225; sTc: 19309-10
914 APPENDIX 6:1
MANUSCRIPT:
- Folger: V. a. 355 (fascicule of 26 leaves). F 3: The progresse to Parnassus as it was
acted in St lohns Colledge in Cambridge Anno 1601. (A Halliwell-Phillipps
manuscript.)
MODERN EDITION : In James B. Leishman (ed), The Three Parnassus Plays (1598-1601)
(London, 1949).
REFERENCE WORKS: E$; AED 1603 (1601-3)
SYNOPSIS: Boas, pp 331-8, 341-6
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, Christmas, c 1601-3
NOTE: AEO suggests that Owen Gwyn may have had a hand in the composition. Also
called 'The Progress to Parnassus."
Partbenia
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
- EML: 68 (1.3.16), fi r 95--[124] (fascicule of 30 leaves). F 95: PARTHENIA.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JC$; AED 1626 (C 1625--C 1630 ?)
SYNOPSIS: C-K, pp 319-23
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown; Cambridge, c 16267
NOTE: translation of Luigi Groto, II Pentimento amoroso; no known connection to
Cambridge beyond manuscript context; EML: 68 also contains Pseudomagia and
Pa Y/'R.
Pastor Fidus
AUTHOR: unknown
MANUSCRIPTS:
LANGUAGE: Latin
TCL: R. 3.37, ff 35-87v. F 35: Pastor ffidus Tragicomcedia Pastoritia.//Gulielmus
Quarles.
APPENDIX 6:1 915
- CUE: Ff. 2.9, ff 17-4 lv (Art. 2: fascicule of 25 leaves). F 17: I! pastor fido, di signior
Guarinj./ ... [Acted in] recitata in Collegio Reg[inali]rali 1 Cantabrigia. F 18v:
PASTOR FIDVS.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1604 (1590-1605)
SYNOPSIS: C-K, pp 318-19
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: King's College, c 1604
NOTE: shares a preface with the second version of Leander. This play, also called
Arcadia reformata, a translation of Battista Guarini, I1 pastor fido, is apparently
alluded to in 'The Black Book' (Appendix 3, 1605). Although a William Quarles
is named on the title-page of the Trinity College copy of this play, no such name
can be traced to King's College. A William Quarles matriculated from St John's
in 1564 and lived until 1618: perhaps he was the owner of this copy. Phineas
Fletcher, who was active as a college dramatist in 1606-7 and wrote the 'piscatory'
Sicelides in 1614-15, is a possible author.
Pathomachia
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: Pathomachia: or, the Battell of Affections. Shadowed by a
Faigned Siedge of the Citie Pathopolis. Written Some Yeeres since, and now first
published by a Friend of the Deceassed Author. London, 1630. Greg 434;
sTc: 19462
MANUSCRIPTS:
- Bodl.: Eng. misc. e.5 (fascicule of vi + 48 pages). Flc0ov&xtc. Or loues
loadestone. Imperfect: breaks off at p 48, in act 5, scene 2.
- BL: Harley 6869, Art. 1 (fascicule of 25 leaves, foliated 1-24; text ff3-22v). F 3:
l-I0oxt. Or loues Loadstone. Ff 1-2 and 23 may be original flyleaves; if so,
f 1 contains a note which may be relevant: 'For Sir Robert Filmer in Westminster.'
There is a blank, unnumbered leaf between ff23 and 24 which may also be an orig-
inal flyleaf.
MODERN EDITION: Paul E. Smith (ed), Pathomachia (Washington, DC, 1942).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1617 (c 1616-17)
APPENDIX 6:1 917
MODERN EDITION: In Thomas Berger and Suzanne Gossett (eds), Academic Entertain-
ments in the Folger Manuscripts (Malone Society, forthcoming).
REFERENCE WORKS: AED (Supplementary List l)
SYNOr'SlS: Bow, p 128
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown; probably performed in Trinity College, possibly
soon after 6-7 February 1611
NOTE: The date of this play is suggested by a possible allusion in the text to the riot
of 6-7 February 1611 : 'as for ye walls they had the falling sicknesse, the Windoes,
had a great paine in them' (f 49). The tearing down of the Trinity College garden
wall is mentioned often in the documentation, once in combination with broken
glass: 'for ye damages of the walls & windows [then] broken' (p 455).
In their forthcoming edition, Berger and Gossett identify 'Preist the Barbar' as
Henry Preist, barber and scholars' servant, who died in 1638. Among other details,
they report that his inventory at death records property in Great St Mary's, Holy
Trinity, and St Botolph's parishes (CUA: VCP). Henry Preist was apparently the
brother of James Preist the painter (p 660). See also 'Henry the paynter,' p 246,
and endnote.
Pseudomagia
AUTHOR: William Mewe
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
- EML: 68 (1.3.16), ff 17--48v (Art. 2: fascicule of 32 leaves). F 17:
PSEVDOMAGIA .... AVTHORE Magistro MEWE. Cantabrigiae collegij
Emanuelis.
- "rCL: R.17.10, Art. 2, ff 18-39v. F 19: PSEVDOMAGIA.
- Folger: V.b.222, ff 38-59v. F 38: PSEVDOMAGIA. F 59v: Authore: Magistro
Mewe Colleg/j Emanuelis.
MODERN EDITION: John C. Coldewey and Brian P. Copenhaver (eds and trans),
Pseudomagia, Bibliotheca Humanistica & Reformatorica, 28 (Nieuwkoop: 1979).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1626 (1618--C 1627)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY : unknown; Jcs suggests the possibility of Emmanuel College
(Mewe's college), c 1626-7; see also Clytopbon.
APPENDIX 6:1
- NRO: Finch Hatton 320 (formal copy of 45 leaves). F 1 : Richardus tertius. (Actio
! only.)
MODERN EDITION: RobertJ. Lordi (ed), Thomas Legge's Richardus Tertius: A Critical
Edition with a Translation (New York, 1979).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1580
919
SYNOPSIS: Boas, pp 112-31
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College hall, by members of the college, on three
successive nights, in March 1579
NOTE: adapted from Hall's Chronicle and More's English Historyof Richard the Third
(1557). Esand aED date the performance March 1580, but evidence from St John's
College accounts strongly supports 1578-9. The attribution to Henry Lacy in
Harley 6926 is doubtless incorrect; perhaps Lacy wrote out or commissioned a
copy.
CLL: Kk.3.12 is supplied with a model title-page in preparation for printing at
the University Press in 1582 by Anthony Cade. A colophon gives not only Cade's
name, but also the date 1583 in Greek numerals, , q, zt, y, (as it is also
given at the end of Bodl. : Lat. misc. e. 16). This anticipated printing never
occurred.
Risus Anglicanus
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
Folger: J.a. 1, ff 24-43v (fascicule of 20 leaves). F 24: Risus Anglicanus.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1620 (1614-25)
SYNOPSIS: Bow, pp 118-20
PERFORMANCE HISTORY : unknown; c |6207
NOTE: not entirely certain for Cambridge
920 APPENDIX 6:1
The Rival Friends
AUTHOR: Peter Hausted
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRIN'I-ED EDI'I-ION : The Rivall Friends. A Comcedie, as it was acted before the
King and Queens Majesties, when out of their princely favour they were pleased
to visite their Universitie of Cambridge, upon the 19. day of March. 1631. Cryed
downe by boyes, faction, envie, and confident ignorance, approv'd by the
judicious, and now exposed to the publique censure, by the authour, Pet. Hausted
Mr. in Artes of Queenes Colledge. Non tanti est ut placeam insanire. London,
1632. Greg 465; src: 12935
MODERN EDITION: LaurensJ. Mills (ed), Peter Hausted's The RivalFriends, Indiana
University Publications, Humanities Series, 23 (Bloomington, 1951).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1632
SYNOPSIS: J.Q. Adams, 'Peter Hausted's Rivall Friends, with Some Account of his
Other Works,' Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 11 (1912), 443-6.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: prepared for 8 March 1632, but postponed on word of an
accident befallen the chancellor, Lord Holland;performed in Trinity College hall
by students of Queens' College on 19 March. Intense rivalries surrounding the play
and its competitor, Thomas Randolph's The Jealous Lovers, led to the suicide of
Vice-chancellor Henry Butts on 1 April (pp 641-3).
NO'r E: A cast list has been penned into BL: 644. b. 45, a printed book apparently owned
by Thomas Alston (see also Ignoramus).
Roxana
AU'rHOR: William Alabaster
LANGUAGE." Latin
EARLY PRINTED EDITIONS:
Roxana tragaedia, olim Cantabrigiz, acta in Col. Trin. Nunc primum in lucem
edita, summaque cum diligentia ad castigatissimum exemplar comparata. Cui
accesserunt etiam argumenta. London, 1632. Greg Lll; src: 249
Roxana tragaedia a plagiarij unguibus vindicata, aucta, & agnita ab authore
Gulielmo Alabastro. London, 1632. Second edition. Greg L11; src: 250
APPENDIX 6:1 921
MANUSCRIPTS:
EML: 185 (3.1.17), Art. 4 (7 numbered bifolia). F la: Roxana. F 7by: Authore
Doctore Alablaster, Collegij quondam Trinitatis Socio.
- TCL: R.17.10, Art. 3, ff 40-53v. F 40: ROXANA. F 52v: Authore Doctore
Alabaster Collegij quondam Trinitatis socio.
CUL: Ff.2.9, ff 1-16 (Art. 1: fascicule of 16 leaves). F 1: ROXANA.
Lain.: 838, Art. 3 (fascicule of 19 leaves). F 1: Roxana. F 19v: finis Roxana:
Allablastrica:.
YUL: MS Vault/Shelves/Plays, Item 5 (22 leaves). ROXANA. Tragcedia, Maronem
/Eneas, eternat Vlysses Homerum; Lauro Alabasterum merit6 loxana coronat.
MODERN EDITION: none (see note)
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1592 (1590--C 1595)
S'eNOPSlS: C-K, pp 252-5; Boas, pp 286-8
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, c 1592
NOTE: Adaptation of Luigi Groto, La Dalida. The first of the two 1632 editions was
published anonymously, and presumably without authority, for in the title-page
to the second edition Alabaster claims to have rescued his work from the clutches
of a plagiarist.
The half-title of the second edition (src: 250) contains eight small woodcuts, one
of which shows a theatrical performance in progress (Appendix 19). This woodcut
was noted by Wolfgang Keller, 'Bild einer englischen Theatervorstellung aus dem
Jahre 1632,' Shakespeare Jahrbuch, 34 (1898), 324-5. Boas, University Drama,
p286, n 2, remarks: 'The scene cannot be identified, so far as I can see, with any
of the episodes in Roxana." Similarly, the scene does not conform to any known
Cambridge theatre (Introduction, p 717). Perhaps it is a conventional representa-
tion of a professional theatre in London.
Folger: V.b.222, ff 29-37v (f 28: ROXANA. Egerunt alumni Sanctae et
Individuae Trinitatis) is an English translation : see Ethel Rosenberg Kaplan (ed),
'William Alabaster's Roxana: A Critical Edition of the English Version with Parallel
Latin Text,' Harvard University PhD thesis, 1980.
S6yro$
AUTHOR: Samuel Brooke
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
EML: 185 (3.1.17), Art. 1 (11 numbered bifolia). F la: Scyros. Fabula pastoralis acta
APPEIq D|X 6:1 925
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JC$; AED 1618 (1618-19)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, Christmas, 1618
Susenbrotus
AUTHOR: John Chappell?
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
Bodl. : Rawlinson poet. 195, ff 79-98v (fascicule of 20 leaves, ff 79v, 80, 97v, 98
blank). F 79: Susenbrotus comcedia. Acta Cantabrigia: in Collegio Trinitatis coram
Rege Iacobo, & Carolo Principe. Anno 1615.
Hun. : EL 1125 (fascicule of i + 17 leaves). F i verso: FORTVNA. Cantabrigia
is a speaker in both prologue and epilogue.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; JCS; AED 1616
SYNOPSIS: Mot, pp 77-8
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: evidently performed by students of Trinity College at
Royston, 12 March 1616, before King James and Prince Charles (for royal audience)
NOTE: Even though the title-page asserts that Susenbrotus was performed before the
king and prince at Trinity College, this is presumably the play performed at
Royston. According to college accounts for 1616, Mr (John) Chappell went to the
court in connection with a play; he is therefore presumed to be the author. The
date 12 March 1615 (ie, 1616) is given in the text (act 4, scene 3). The two different
titles, Susenbrotus and Fortunia, seem equally well attested.
Four 'blazons' which constitute part of the text and one, of Ignoramus, which
does not, occur in BL: Add. 34218, f 163v (discussed p 1243).
Valetudinarium
AUTHOR: William Johnson LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
EL: 52 (1.2.32) (formal copy of 28 leaves, SiRS al-g4). SiR al : Valetudinarium.
APPENDIX 6:1 927
Wine, Beer, and Ale
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION : Wine, Beere, and Ale, Together by the Eares. A dialogue,
written first in Dutch by Gallobelgicus, and faithfully translated out of the originall
copie, by Mercurius Brittannicus, for the benefite of his nation. Horat. Siccis omnia
ham dura Deus proposuit. London, 1629. Greg 426; STC: 11541-2
MANUSCRIPT:
- Edinburgh University Library: Laing ni.493, ff 57-66 (fascicule of 10 leaves).
(No title.)
MODERN EDITION: James Holly Hanford (ed), '"Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco": A
Seventeenth Century Interlude,' Studies in Philology, 12 (1915), 1-54.
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1625 (1624-6 ?)
NOTE: JC makes an argument for Cambridge, though the evidence is admittedly slim.
Work for Cutlers
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: Worke for Cutlers. Or, A Merry Dialogue betweene Sword,
Rapier, and Dagger. Acted in a shew in the famous Universitie of Cambridge. Lon-
don, 1615. Greg 331; STC: 25981
MODERN EDITION: Albert Forbes Sieveking (ed), Workefor Cvtlers (London, 1904).
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1615 (1614-15)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown; Trinity College, 1615?
NOTE: This play must have been composed after the Star Chamber decree against duel-
ling of 26January 1614 (to which reference is apparently made in the text), but be-
fore its entry in the Stationer's Register on 4 July 1615.
928 APPENDIX 6:2
Zelotypus
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPTS:
- EML: 185 (3.1.17), Art. 2 (11 numbered bifolia). F la: Zelotypus. (Cast list.)
- TCL: R.3.9, ff 55-78v. F 55: ZELOTYPUS. (Cast list.)
- Durham Cathedral, Dean and Chapter Library: Hunter 76, Item 6 (fascicule of 23
leaves). F 1: ZELOTYPVS.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1606
sYNoPsis: C-K, pp 313-17
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, c 1605-6. See Appendix 7 for cast list.
NOTE: Smith, College Plays, p 102, suggests Francis Rollenson as possible author; this
attribution, however, is based solely on Rollenson's appearance at the head of the
cast list.
Group 2: Lost Cambridge Plays
This list contains only plays known or thought to have been performed. Lost 'closet'
plays are included in the list which follows this one.
/f.milia
AUTHOR: Thomas Cecil LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: named in CUL: Add. 2677 (Art. 1), see p 538; described by Chamberlain
in his letter of 16 March 1615 (Records, p 540)
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1615
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College hall, by students of St John's,
7 March 1615
APPENDIX 6:2
Anglia Deformata et Anglia Restituta
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: named in Trinity College accounts for 1553-4
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1553
VRFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, Christmas 1553-4
qOTE: possibly a show with no text
929
De Crumena Perdita, or Crumenaria
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
EVlOENCE: named in Trinity College accounts for 1554-5, 1565-6
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1555
eRFORMANCE HISTORY: 'De Crumena perdita': Trinity College 1554-5;
'Crumenaria': same college 1565-6
NOTE: Possibly these were two different plays, aEo suggests that the author was
Matthew Hutton, though Andrew Oxenbridge, also in charge of the play in
1554-5, may have been co-author or co-producer.
Dido
AUTHOR: EdwardHalliwell LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: play named in various documents 1563-4; Halliwell named as author in
'Hatcher's Book' (p 243)
REFERENCE WORKS: E$; AED 1564
swoPsIs: Boas, p 94 (conjectural)
VERFORMANCE HISTORY: King's College chapel, 7 August 1564
930 APPENDIX 6:2
Duns Furens: Or Dick Harve in a Frensie
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin?
EVIDENCE: reported by Thomas Nash, Have With You to Saffron Walden (1596)
(Appendix 3)
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1586 (1580-7)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: evidently Peterhouse, c 1586
NOTE : Nash states that at the time of the play Andrew Perne was either vice-chancell0r
or deputy vice-chancellor, offices he held in 1580-1 and 1585-6 respectively.
Fatum
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin?
EVIDENCE: named as a comedy in Edmunds-Covill adultery case of 1595-6 (p 367)
REFERENCE WORK: none
PERFORMANCE HIS-fOgY: 1595--67
NOTE: Smith, College Plays, p 99, lists Fatum Vortigerni with the note, '? Acted at
Cambridge, c. 1595-1600.' AED, however, assigns Fatum Vortigerni to Thomas
Carleton, English College at Douai, performed 22 August 1619. Fatum Vortigerni,
moreover, is distinctly not a comedy.
Laelia Modenas
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: named in Queens' College inventory of 1546-7
REFFRENCE WORK: none
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown
NOTE ." This may be the same play, or merely one from the same source, as the anony-
mous Laelia produced by the same college in 1594-5 (pp 905-6).
APPENDIX 6:2
Microcosmus
AUTHOR: Thomas Arthur
EVIDENCE: reported by Bale (Appendix 1)
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1525 (1520-32)
LANGUAGE; Latin
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, early 1520s?
NOTE: Credence is given to Bale's report by a reference to Arthur in a loose bill, prob-
ably from the early 1520s (Appendix 1).
Mundus Plumbeus
AUTHOR; Thomas Arthur LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: reported by Bale (Appendix I)
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1525 (1520-32)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: St John's College, early 1520s ?
nOTE: Credence is given to Bale's report by a reference to Arthur in a loose bill, prob-
ably from the early 1520s (Appendix 1).
Puer Vapulans
AUTHOR: Michael Murgatroid LANGUAGE: Latin
EVIDENCE: named in Jesus College accounts of 1581-2
REFERENCE WORK: AED 1582 (1581--2)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Jesus College, 1581-2
Re Vera
AUTHOR: GeorgeRuggle? LANGUAGE: Latin?
EVIDENCE: named as 'Revera" or 'Verily' in a reported notation in a manuscript now
lost (Appendix 3, before 1741)
931
934 APPENDIX 6:3
aUtHOr: Thomas Pestell?
LANGUAGE: Latin
evidence: reported by John Nichols, The History and Antiquities of the County of
Leicester, vol 3 (London, 1804), part 2, p 927, col 2
REFERENCE WORKS: IC$; AED 1632 (1631-2)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: apparently prepared by Queens' College for 7 March 1632
(for royal audience), but cancelled on news of an accident befallen Lord Holland,
chancellor of the university. The cast list is printed by Nichols (see Appendix 7).
NOTE: Nichols reports: 'By the favour of one of his immediate descendants I have
now before me a volume of MS Poems by Mr. Pestell; among which is a Latin com-
edy, dated 163 I, under the title of "Versipellis ;" which appears to have been acted
(probably at Cambridge) by the following gentlemen, whose names are added to
the Dramatis Persona::..." This manuscript has never been traced.
Group 3: Cambridge play texts not performed (extant and lost)
Translations undertaken as academic exercises have not been considered for inclusion
in this list.
The Benefice
aUtHOR: Robert Wild
LanGUaGE: English
MANUSCRIPTS:
- 8L: Lansdowne 807, ff 78-88 (Art. 4: fascicule of I 1 leaves; title-page missing,
ff 87 and 88v blank). Imperfect: begins act 3, scene 4. F 88: Robert Wild.
- Folger: V.a.232 (text is pp 1-33 of codex of iii + 93 leaves). P I: The Benefice.
P 33: Authore Roberto Wild.
MODErn EDITIOn: none; printed in 1689 (Greg 836; Wing: W2123)
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 16417
NOTE: aED suggests 1641. This seems too late for any college production except
perhaps at Trinity. Wild, however, was from St John's, and the last play known
956 APPENDIX 6:5
Confessor
AUTUOR: Thomas Sparrow
MANUSCRIPT:
LANGUAGE: Latin
- Bodl. : Rawlinson poet. 77 (presentation copy of ii + 47 leaves; ff46-7 blank).
F 1: CONFESSOR VTINAM FELICITER NATA COMOEDIA. Dedication
(f 2v) signed Thomas Sparrowe.
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1634 (1630-407)
NOTE: AE) suggests St John's College, the author's college; however, the last play
known at St John's was performed in 1618-19.
Country Court
AUT.OR: WilliamHolles LANGUAGE; English
EVIDENCE: See Appendix 3, 1640.
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1640 (1635-43)
NOTE: Holies was from Pembroke College; it seems doubtful that his college pro-
duced plays at this late date.
Destruction of Jerusalem
See Solymitana Clades
Herodes
AU'rHOR: WilliamGoldingham LANGUAGE: Latin
MANUSCRIPT:
- CUL: Mm. 1.24 (presentation copy of i + 33 leaves (ff 26-33 blank), followed by
42 blank leaves supplied at time of binding). F 1 : HERODES TRAGOEDIA. Con-
tains dedication to Thomas Sackville by William Goldingham.
MODERN EDITION: none
APPENDIX 6:4 939
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: ES; AED 1581 (publication); performance c 1583
NOTE: This Thomas Watson, an Oxford man, must be distinguished from the Bishop
Thomas Watson who was author of the Cambridge play Absalom. AEO suggests
Cambridge, following evidence gathered by G.C. Moore Smith (ed), Gabriel
Harvey's Marginalia (Stratford-upon-Avon, 1913), 166: 'Huc Vatsoni Antigone,
magnific6 acta solenni ritu, et vet6 tragico apparatu: cure pulcherrimis etiam
pompis, et accuratissimis thematibus.' Elsewhere Harvey uses virtually identical
language concerning Gascoigne'sJocasta: 'Gascoigni Jocasta, magnific6 acta solenni
ritu, et vet6 tragico apparatu. Ut etiam Vatsoni Antigone: cuius pompae seriae, et
exquisitae" (Virginia F. Stern, Gabriel Harvey: His Life, Marginalia and Library
(Oxford, 1979), 174; 174, n 72;212. ) Neither reference constitutes evidence of a
performance of this play at Cambridge. It seems unlikely in any case that during
this or any other period Cambridge would have put on a play written by an Oxford
playwright.
Cornelianum Dolium
AUTHOR: T.R.
LANGUAGE: Latin
EARLY PRINTED EDITION: Cornelianum Dolium: Comdia lepidissima, optimorum
judiciis approbata, & theatrali corypho, nec immerito, donata, palma chorali
apprime digna. Auctore, T.R. London, 1638. Greg LI6; sTc: 20691
MODERN EDITION: none
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 16387
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: unknown
NOTE: 'T. R.' may or may not be Thomas Randolph. See Jcs and AEI for opinions con-
cerning authorship.
The Drinking Academy
,UTHOR: Thomas Randolph LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- Hun.: HM 91 (fascicule of 20 leaves). F 2: The drinking Academy Or Cheaters
Holy Day.
940 APPENDIX 6:4
MODERN EDITION : Samuel A. Tannenbaum and Hyder E. Rollins (eds), The Drinking
Academy (Cambridge, Mass., 1930).
REFERENCE WORKS: JCS; AED 1629 (1623--31)
VEaFOaMANCE HISTORY: first produced at Westminster School
NOTE: also called 'The Prodigal Scholar' and 'The Cheater's Holiday'; conceivably
performed at Cambridge after Randolph's admission to Trinity College on 8 July
1624, but for this there is no evidence.
fovis et funonis nuptiae
AUTHOR: unknown LANGUAGE: Latin
M A N USCRIPT:
- TCL: R. 10.4, ff 53-63v (Art. 3: fascicule of i + 11 leaves). (No title.)
MODERN EDITION : none
REFERENCE WORKS: .ICS; aED (Supplementary List I)
NOTE: Listed by aED (Supplementary List ) as a play of uncertain auspices. Since all
other plays in R. 10.4 are Cambridge plays, this play also may be from Cambridge.
Julius Caesar
AUTHOR: Thomas May
LANGUAGE: Latin
REFERENCE WORKS: .ICS; AED 1616 (c 1613-c 1630)
NOTE: MS reported, but now apparently lost: 'The evidence for the authorship or even
the existence of this play is so slight as to make speculation concermng its date futd
Ocs). ED suggests Sidney Sussex College; however, this college is not known to
have produced plays.
mon
AUTHOR: unknown
LANGUAGE: English
MANUSCRIPT:
- Victoria and Albert Museum: Dyce Collection, Press mark D25. F.48 (fascicule of
i + 24 leaves). (No title.) F 24: Timon Epilogue.
APPENDIX 7
Casts
Full cast lists for twenty-five college performances survive in play manuscripts,
printed texts with manuscript annotations, and other sources. In addition, actors can
sometimes be identified from the Records or material in the Appendixes:
Plautus, Miles Gloriosus, c 1522-3 (pp 93-4): Stephen Gardiner played Periplec-
tomenus; William Paget, Miliphidippa; and Thomas Wriothesley, Palestrio. All were
from Trinity Hall.
Thomas Kirchmayer (Naogeorgus), Pammachius, Christ's College, 1544-5 (p 137):
John Crane and Nicholas Greenwall played unknown roles.
Edward Halliwell, Dido, King's College, 7 August 1564 (p 243): Thomas Preston
played an unknown role, possibly Aeneas.
Plautus, Miles Gloriosus, Queens' College, c 1591-2 (Appendix 3, 1628): George
Montaigne played Pyrgopolynices, the braggart soldier.
Laelia, Queens" College, 1 March 1595 (p 356): George Meriton and George Mon-
taigne may have had parts.
Thomas Randolph, The Jealous Lovers, 20 March 1632: Thomas Riley played some
role, apparently Tyndareus (see Appendix 5).
Note: Oliver Cromwell almost certainly did not play the role of Tactus the king in
a performance of Thomas Tomkis' Lingua in 1616-17 (Appendix 11).
Surviving cast lists are presented here in the chronological order of play perfor-
mances. Original spellings of the names of characters and of the last names of actors
are preserved, but the lists are not otherwise intended as facsimiles of the originals:
all abbreviations have been silently expanded. The given name of the student actor,
if identified, is supplied in round brackets after the last name. If the form of the
APPENDIX 7 943
surname found in the University Index is substantially different from that given in
the base manuscript, the index form is also supplied in the brackets. Doubt concerning
the identification of a named student actor with a known member of the university
is expressed by a question mark after the supplied name of the known member. See
the University Index for further information. Because student actors of various col-
leges took part in Ignoramus, the cast list included the college affiliations as well as
surnames in most cases, but where the college was not named, it has been supplied
in round brackets.
The titles "Dominus" (found abbreviated as "D," 'Ds,' or 'Dnus') and 'Sir' (found
abbreviated as 'Sr') refer to students who have received the BA degree. 'Mr' usually
refers to a student with the SA degree, although it is often assigned to students who
had not yet earned any degree but had been admitted as fellow commoners or pen-
sioners of a college. The less familiar titles 'recens' and 'sophista' have been silently
expanded and are defined in the Latin Glossary; they refer to students not yet awarded
the BA degree. Corrections or supplementary information are occasionally taken from
sources other than the base text: all such instances are recorded in the notes. If a play
was performed more than once and separate cast lists survive for the performances,
arabic numerals are added in brackets after the title to distinguish them, eg, Leander (1)
and Leander (2). A roman numeral after the title, however, indicates one part of a
multi-part play, eg, Richardus Tertius . Names of characters not matched to names
of actors are omitted.
Three previously unknown cast lists penned into printed books were discovered
while these lists were being prepared (see Ignoramus and Loiola); two such lists were
known previously (see Melanthe and The RivalFriends). A systematic search of copies
of printed plays might yield more such lists.
Cast lists have been published and analysed by the following authors or editors;
while these published lists have been closely consulted, they are not followed here
in all cases, nor are differences generally noted:
Boas, University Drama, pp 393-401: Hymenaeus, Richardus Tertius, Hispanus,
Silvanus, Machiavellus, Leander (1 and 2), Labyrinthus.
R.H. Bowers, 'Some Folger Academic Drama Manuscripts,' pp 125-8: Cancer (also
analysed by Bentley, Jcs, vol 5, p 1298).
Charles Henry Cooper, 'The Actors in Dr Legge's Tragedy ofRichardus Tertius, per-
formed at St John's College, at the Bachelors' Commencement, 1579-80,' cas Com-
munications, 1 (1859), 347-57.
John Nichols, History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, vol 3, pt 2 (London,
1804), 927: Versipellis.
944 APPENDIX
Smith, College Plays, pp 74-88: Locus, Corpus, Motus; Zelotypus; Adelphe (1 and 2);
Scyros; Melamhe; Ignoramus; Fraus Honesa; Loiola; Paria; Versipellis (from
Nichols); The Rival Friends; Valetudinarium.
Smith (ed), Fucus Histriomastix (Cambridge, 1909), pp viii-xi, 1-2: Fucus Histrio-
mastix.
Hymenaeus
SPONSOR: StJohn'sCollege DATE: 1578-9?
SOURCE: SJL: S.45(435)
Erophilus
Pantomagus
Fredericus
Pantalio
Gothrio
Leonardus
Iulia
amerena
Camellus
Caupo
Sannio
Alphonsus
Ferdinandus
Fures /
Bajuli t
Duumvir
Richardus Tertius !
SPONSOR: St John's College
SOURCE: EML: 71(1.3.19)
OTHER CAST HST: Bodl. : Tanner 306(1 )
Elizabetha Regina
Cardinalis, Archiepiscopus
Cantuarensis
Mr Highman (Henry Hickman?)
Mr Palmer (John)
D Smith (Griffin)
D Titley (Peter)
Mr Bayley (William)
Mr Robinson (John?)
Mr Gargraue (Thomas)
Ds Pilkington (Thomas)
Mr Sedgwich (Edward)
Ds Morcell (Roger Morrell?)
D Harris (William)
D Alney (Henry)
France (Abraham)
Punter
Harrison (John)
Rockley (John)
Micocke (John)
Mr Foxcroft (Richard)
DATE: 1578-9
D Shephard (Leonard)
Mr Fox (John ?)
APPENDIX 7 945
Nuntius
Eduardus rex quindecim
annorum
Richardus dux Giocestrensis
Dux Buckinghamiae
Riuerius
Hastingus
Stanleus
Hawardus
Louellus
Episcopus Eliensis
Ancilla Reginae
Catesbeius
Servus ducis Glocestrensis
Hastingus
ciuis Londinensis
Chorus
Archiepiscopus Eboracensis
I Richardus paruulus
muti Graius
Mr Whaley (Markham ?)
Lord W Howard (William)
Mr Palmar (John)
Mr Stringer (Philip)
Mr Wilkinson (William)
Mr Booth (Robert)
Mr Hodson (Samuel)
Mr Hill senior (James)
Mr Bayly (William)
Mr Stanton (Laurence)
D Pilkington (Thomas)
Mr Robinson (John ?)
D Punter (Henry)
Mr Knox (Eleazar or Nathaniel)
D Fraunce (Abraham)
D Howland (James)
D Helowe (Christopher Heylie)
Mr Kendall (John)
Ds Reiner (Robert)
Rhodes medius (Peter)
Mr Bowes (Henry?)
Woodcocke (Thomas)
NOTE: EML: 71 has been chosen as base text because it contains cast lists for all three
parts of the trilogy. The second occurrence of the character Hawardus (as
'Howardus'), with the same actor, is ignored here.
Richardus Tertius u
SNSOR: St John's College
DATE: 1578-9
SOURCE: EML: 71(1.3.19)
Richardus dux Glocestrensis
Dux Buckinghamiae
Louellus
Pretor Londinensis
Fitz William
Doctor Shawe
Ciuis primus
Ciuis secundus
Mr Palmar (john)
Mr Stringer (Philip)
Mr Bayly (William)
Mr Almy (Henry Alney?)
Mr Webster (Richard)
Mr Clayton (Richard)
Ds Morrell (Roger)
D Fraunce (Abraham)
946 APPENDIX 7
Hospes
Muti } Episcopus
Episcopus
Richardus Tertius !!!
SPONSOR: St John's College
SOURCE: EML: 71(1.3.19)
Richardus Rex
Dux Buckinghamius
Elizabetha Regina
Filia Eduardi regis major
Ancilla
Episcopus Eliensis
Brakenburius
Tyrellus
Ludouicus medicus
Anna regina vxor Richardi
Nuntius primus
Nuntius secundus
Nuntius tertius
Louellus
Catesbeius
Nuntius quartus
Henricus comes Richmondiae
Comes Oxonij
Dux Norfolciensis
Rhesus Thomae Wallicus
Nuntius
Hungerford
Burchier
Stanleius
Filius Stanleius
Dighton carnifix, a big sloven
Comes Northumbriae
Hispanus
Mr Smith (Abel)
Foggs (Charles or Hugh)
Ds Reiner (Robert)
Ds Methen (John Meighen?)
DATE: 1578-9
Mr Palmer (John)
Mr Stringer (Philip)
D Shepard (Leonard)
D Titley (Peter)
D Pilkington (Thomas)
Mr Stanton (Laurence)
Mr Foxcroft (Richard)
Mr Snell (Francis)
Mr Robson (Simon)
Mr Gargraue (Thomas)
Mr Sedwich (Edward)
D Hill (Otwell)
Hoult (John, Ralph, or Richard)
Mr Bayly (William)
Mr Robinson (John ?)
Ds Morrell (Roger)
Mr Hickman (Henry)
Mr Digby (Everard)
Mr Hill senior (James)
Mr Linsell (Daniel?)
Ds Harris (William)
D Harrison (John)
Mr Robinson (John ?)
Mr Hodson (Samuel)
Mr Constable gentleman (Henry)
Redferne (Elys)
Mr Ducker (Gabriel)
SPONSOR: St John's College DATE: 1596--7?
APPENDIX 7 947
SOURCE: Bodl. : Douce 234
Torquattus
Aurelius
Cornelius
Carolus
Bartalus
Rhomeo
Lucius
Randolphus
Siluia
Fuluia
Polla
Argumentum
Silvanus
SPONSOR: St John's College
SOURCE: Bodl. : Douce 234
Silvanus
Harpalus
Babylo
Panthia
Florinda
Melissa
Thalia
Macbiavellus
SPONSOR" St John's College
SOURCE: Bodl.: Douce234
Andronicus
Orlanda
Phalantus
Iacuppus
Machiauellus
Gullio
Grillio
D Wiburne (Nathaniel)
D Wilkington (Thomas Walkington)
D Pollard (Michael)
D Worship (William)
D Newton (Robert)
Sophista Rollenson (Francis ?)
Recens Grace (John)
Sophista Newman (Robert?)
Sophista Heblethwayte (Thomas)
recens Audaly (John)
recens Casse (Edmund)
Recens Anderton iunior (Thurston)
DATE: 1596-7
D Rollinson (Francis)
D Newton (Robert)
Martiall (Hamlet)
Heblethwayte (Thomas)
Audelie (John)
Grace (John)
Casse (Edmund)
DATE: 1597--8
D Myllwarde (John or Matthias)
recens Anthonye (John ?)
D Lane (Robert)
D Rollinson (Francis)
Mr Wiburne (Nathaniel)
recens Grace (John)
D Pollard (Michael)
948 APPENDIX 7
lorarij }
Prologus/ Argumentum
Leander (1)
SPONSOR: Trinity College
SOURCE: BL: Sloane 1762
sophista Staniland (Nicholas)
sophista Stanton (Lancelot)
recens Smith (Abraham)
DATE: 1598-9 or 1599-1600
OTHER CAST LISTS: EML: 50(1.2.30); TCL: R.3.9
Gerastus
Leander/Fabius/Cocalus
Spinetta
Ardelia
Iubilea
Alphonsus
Vulpinus
Flaminia
Rinoceron
Diluuio
Hippocrassus
Gryllus
Lucianus
Fabritius
Valerius
Ds Kitchin (Thomas)
Mr Hawksworth (Walter)
Ds Booth (Thomas)
Mr Chamley (Richard Cholmley)
Mr Barnard (John)
Mr Hassall (Thomas)
Mr Parker (James)
Tauerner (John)
Ds Rosse (Gabriel)
Ds Hinton (Benjamin)
Mr Kercher (Robert)
Mr Freeman (George)
Ds Greeue (William)
Forrest (Miles)
Mr Crompton (Thomas)
NOTE: BL: Sloane 1762 has been chosen as base text for Leander (1 and 2) because,
like TCL: R.3.9 but unlike EML: 50(1.2.30) and CUL: Ee.5.16, it contains cast lists
for both performances; it has been chosen over TCL: R.3.9 because internal evidence
suggests it was originally copied before the second performance of Leander had
taken place.
Leander (2)
SPONSOR: Trinity College
SOURCE: BL: Sloane 1762
OTHER CAST LISTS: TCL: R.3.9; CUL: Ee.5.16
DATE: 1602-3
APPENDIX 7 949
Gerastus
Leander/Fabius/Cocalus
Fabritius
Alphonsus
Vulpinus
Hippocrassus
Gryllus
Ardelia
Ivbilaea
Rhinoceron
Diluuio
Flamminia
Spinetta
Mincio
Lucianus
Valerius
Prologus
Mr Kitchin (Thomas)
Mr Hawkesworth (Walter)
Mr Cropley (John)
Mr Hassall (Thomas)
Blaxton (Joshua)
Mr Liechfield (Edward)
Mr Freeman (George)
Bing (William)
Mr Gardiner (Francis)
Ds Tauerner (John)
M Hinton (Benjamin)
Mr North (Thomas ?)
Twaites (Mark)
Goldingham (Edward)
Ds Simpson (Edward)
Mr Verney
Mr Forrest (Miles?)
NOTE: On choice of base text, see note to Leander (1).
Labyrinthus
SPONSOR: Trinity College
DATE: 1602-3
SOURCE: TCL: R.3.9
OTHER CAST LISTS: CUL : Ee. 5.16; Bodl. : Douce 315; Lam. : 838; YUL: MS Vault/Shelves/
Plays, Item 2
Tiberius
Lepidus
Puer Tiberij
Cassander
Horatius
Crispinus
Lydia
Lysetta
Synesius
Lucretia
Faustulus
Caelia
Don Piedro Pacheco d'Alcantura
Mr Haukesworth (Walter)
Mr Verney
Goldingham (Edward)
Mr Tauerner (John ?)
Dnus Forrest (Miles ?)
Dnus Twaites (Mark)
Bing (William)
Cademan (Thomas)
Dnus Blaxton (Joshua)
Mr North (Thomas?)
Dnus Simpson (Edward)
Nidd (Leonard)
Mr Kitchin (Thomas)
950 APPENDIX 7
Grillus
Citharaedus
Prologus
Mr Freeman (George)
Wilkinson (Thomas?)
Mr Hassall (Thomas?)
NOTE: TCL: R.3.9 has been chosen as base text because it contains cast lists for many
plays (Ricbardus Tertius 1, Leander (1 and 2), Zelotypus, Adelpbe (1 and 2), and
Scyros) and therefore has an appearance of authority. Wilkinson, who played
Citharaedus, was a college musician: see Appendix 13.
Locus, Corpus, Motus
SPONSOR: Trinity College DATE: 1604--5?
SOURCE: Bodl. : Tanner 306(1)
Locus
Corpus
Motus
Tempus
Infinito
Finitum
Vacuo
Ds Moore (Benedict?)
Coote (Thomas)
Cademan (Thomas)
Iorham
Mansell (John ?)
Leedes (Samuel)
Stockdall (Jeremy)
Zelotypus
SPONSOR: St John's College
SOURCE: TCL: R.3.9
OTHER CAST LIST: EML : 185(3.1.17)
Cassander
Lavinja
Rupertus
Smeralda
Puerj duo }
Adrianus
Ferdinandus
Ascanius
Valerius
DATE: 1605-6?
Mr Rollinson (Francis)
Hinchman (Richard ?)
Ds Smith (Thomas)
Layfeild (Thomas)
Gibson (Abraham)
Store (Benjamin)
Ds Miller (Robert ?)
Powell
Sampson (Richard)
Mr Holt (Jeremiah)
APPENDIX 7 951
Phariio
Pantaleo
Elerichio
Trapula
Cerberinus
Biberja
Ludovicus
Glorianus
Talanta
Aurelja
Marescallus
Gripus
Congruo
Lorarius
Mr Paramour (Richard or Thomas)
Mr Clifton (Gervase)
Mr Grace (John)
Mr Taylor senior (Richard ?)
Mr Layne (Robert)
Mr Henshawe (Thomas ?)
Mr Porter (Talbot?)
Mr Casse (Edmund)
Barret (William)
Hubbersly
Ds Maud (Edward)
Haslhurst (Peter)
Walton (Nicholas)
Fenston (Thomas Funston)
NOTE: TCL: R.3.9 has been chosen as base text because of its apparent authority among
cast lists: see note to Labyrinthus cast list (p 950). EL: 185(3.1.17): 'Mr (Zachary)
Taylor iunior'; 'Habersley'; 'Funston.'
Adelphe (1)
SPONSOR: Trinity College DATE: 1611--12
SOURCE: TCL: R.3.9
OTHERCAST LIST: BL: Add. 44963
Manlianus
Fidelia
Eroticus
Charitia
Cannius
Flamminius
Sulpitia
Rosella
Calpurnius
Cerinthus
Martepalverierius
Pythius
Albinus
Prologus
Ds Coote (William)
Mr Walpoole generosus (Robert)
Mr Chappell (John)
Titley senior (Samuel)
Hackett (john)
Mr Kinaston (Francis)
Stubbs (Edmund)
Fitzgefferye (Henry)
Ds Facon (Robert)
Pearce (Stephen)
Mr Sleepe (Anthony)
Mr Remington generosus (Robert Barne
Remington)
Mr Coote (Thomas)
Mr Hilles (Richard)
952 APPENDIX 7
NOTE : TCL : R. 3.9 has been chosen as base text because of its apparent authority among
cast lists: see note to Labyrinthus cast list (p 950). 3L: Add. 44963 specifies 'Coote
senior' for the actor playing Albinus; it also identifies the prologue as Mr Hilles
(TCL: R.3.9 does not name the prologue).
Cancer
SPONSOR: Trinity College DATE: 1612--13?
SOURCE: Folger: J. a.2
Rodericus
Lucilius
Corbus
Fortunius
Albertus
Carpinius
Pyrachmus
Bargello
Granchio
Sempronius
Fannius
Fantichus
Balia
Ursilia
Erminia
Gallus puer
Sir Faulcon (Robert)
Mr Coote (Thomas or William)
Sir Goolfinch (Thomas)
Mr Chappell (John)
Mr Coote (William or Thomas)
Mr Hickes (William)
Sir Wilson (George, John, or Timothy)
Sir Filmore (Edward?)
Mr Blaxston (Joshua)
Sir Dorington (Richard)
Mr Thopham (Anthony)
Greeke (Thomas)
Mr Sleepe (Anthony)
Pears (Stephen)
Mr Walpole (John or Robert)
Mr Rimmington (Robert Barne Remington)
Adelphe (2)
SPONSOR: Trinity College
DATE: 1612-13
SOURCE: TCL: R.3.9
OTHERCAST LIST: BL: Add. 44963
Manlianus
Fidelia
Eroticus
Charitia
Cannius
Ds Facon (Robert)
Mr Walpoole generosus (john)
Mr Chappell (John)
Mr Butler (Henry)
Ds Hackett (John)
APPENDIX 7 953
Flamminius
Sulpitia
Rosella
Calpurnius
Cerinthus
Martepalvenerius
Pythius
Albinus
Prologus
Mr Coote (William)
Stubbs (Edmund)
Ds Goldfinch (Thomas)
Holmes (Walter)
Meredith (Richard)
Mr Sleepe (Anthony)
Ds Greeke (Thomas)
Loyde (Robert)
Mr Hilles (Richard)
NOTE: TCL: R.3.9 has been chosen as base text because of its apparent authority among
cast lists: see note to Labyrinthus cast list (p 950). BL: Add. 44963 specifies 'Mr
Coote junior' for the actor playing Flamminius; it also identifies the prologue as
Mr Hilles (TCL: R.3.9 does not name the prologue).
Scyro$
SPONSOa: Trinity College
SOURCE: TCL: R.3.9
DATE: 1612-13
OTHER CAST LISTS: EML: 185(3.1.17); TCL: 0.3.4; TCL: R. 10.4; TCL: R. 17.10; CUL:
Ee.5.16; YUL: MS Vault/Shelves/Plays, Item 4
Orontes
Alcastus
Orminus
Syrenus
Nisus
Armindus
Caelia
Chloris
Lycida
Florinda
EIpinus
Menalcas
Coccadorus
Ds Facon (Robert)
Ds Goodin (.John or Ralph)
Hackluit (Edmund)
Ds Greeke (Thomas)
Mr Chappell (John)
Mr Coote iunior (William)
Mr Wallpoole (John)
Stubbes (Edmund)
Ds Hackett (John)
Chester (Grenado)
Mr Hunt (Josias or Roger)
Mr Sleepe (Anthony)
Ds Gooldfinch (Thomas)
NOTE: TCL: R. 3.9 has been chosen as base text because of its apparent authority among
cast lists: see note to Labyrinthus cast list (p 950). TCL: O. 3.4 has 'Mr Walpoole
iunior,' 'Mr Hunt iunior,' and 'Falcon.'
APPENDIX 7 957
rOTE: Of the several students surnamed King then resident at Queens', only James
and Thomas seem to have been BAS at the time of this play. Henry Clovel was not
BA until 1623-4.
Loiola
svorsog: Trinity College
DATE: 1622-3
SOUgCE: TCL: R. 17.9
OTHER CAST LISTS: Durham Cathedral, Dean and Chapter Library: Hunter 26, Item
1 ; Folger: V.b.222, f 165v (rev); Hun. : RB 247656; 'UL: mS Vault/Shelves/Plays,
Item 3
Gaudentius
Philander
Dromo
Martinus
Musonius
Nebbia
Mutus seu Faustinus
Acheron
Lauerna
Scaraba:us
Ca:lia
Loiola
Iodocus
Mounsier Michael
Capitano Vander Pons
Nicholas Machiauellus
Loiola
Xauerius
Mariana
Aquauiua
Personius
Campianus
Ca:ca obedientia
Pseudomiraculum
Regicidium
Index expurgatorius
/Equiuocatio
Arrogantia
Mr Rhodes (John)
Thornton (Thomas ?)
Edgly (George)
Mr Alcock (William)
Powel (Thomas)
Mr Goring (George?)
Mr Bulkley
Sr Mercer (Francis)
Harrison (John)
Mr Hackluit (Edmund)
Dighton (William)
Mr Hinton (Samuel)
Sr Legat (John)
Sr Hersent (Peter)
Cartwright (Thomas)
Mr Ra(msey) (Robert)
Mr Geares (John)
Sr lones (Robert?)
Priest (Henry)
Mr Stasmore (Thomas Staresmore?)
Mr Oxford
Mr Nelham
Williams
Mr Dalton
Mr Coot (Charles)
Mr Goring (George?)
Keamish
Harding
APPENDIX 7 959
College, Cambridge, c 1594-c 1615: Archival and Biographical Evidence,' Music
& Letters, 68 (1987), 128-40; Ian Payne, 'The Musical Establishment at Trinity
College, Cambridge, 1546-1644, cas: Proceedings, 74 (1987, for 1985), 53-69; and
from information supplied by Mr Payne.)
Paria
SPONSOR: Trinity College DATE: 1627--8
SOURCE: EML: 68(1.3.16)
Tiberius
Astraea
Flauia
Lidonia
Archaicus
Fuluius seu Fulgentius
Lesbia
Petructius
Eleaser
Nicholaus
Iodocus
Babyla
Phrygio
Asellio
Brylla
Mysis
Prologue
Argumentum
Mr Bristoe (Litton)
Fotherbye (Charles)
Bacon (Richard ?)
Shawe (George)
Mr Hearsante (Peter)
Mr Thorneton (Thomas)
Winkefeilde (Thomas)
Munseye (William)
Ds Loe (William)
Mr Wincop iunior (John)
Mr Horseye (George)
Ds Swan (John or Thomas)
Wiatte (Dudley)
Mr Mercer (Francis)
Rilye (Thomas)
Snead (William)
Mr Suckline (John ?)
Mr Driwood (George)
Versipellis (text lost)
SPONSOR: Queens' College
DATE: 1631-2?
SOURCE: Nichols, History... of Leicester
Ds Bryant (Oliver?)
Flout (John)
Ds Woodhall (Horatio Woodhouse ?)
Ds Bea-Richards (Edward Beale ?)
Freear (Michael)
960 APPENDIX 7
Ds Rogers (Samuel)
Mr Harflett (Charles)
Iocelin (Simon)
Overton (Richard)
Mr Kemp (Edward)
Mr Rogers (John)
Ds Cantrell (Thomas)
Ramsbottom (Thomas)
Ds Johnson (William)
Hemson
Bradler (Peter Bradley)
Wills (William Wells)
Ds Carlisle (Thomas)
Person (John)
Pestell (Thomas)
Ds Allen senior (Robert or Thomas)
Crofts (William)
NOTE: This cast list survives only in an antiquarian transcription giving actors' names
but no character names. The name 'Bea-Richards' presents a problem, and it is
difficult to identify the person to whom it refers.
The Rival Friends
SPONSOR: Queens'College
DATE: 1631-2
SOURCE-" BL : 644. b. 45 (printed book)
Sacriledge Hooke
Pandora
Mistris Vrsely
Iacke Loueall
Constantina
Lucius
Bully Liuely
Terpander
Anteros
Laurentio
Endymion
Isabella
Stipes
Mr Brian (dchard)
Mannering (?)
Romsbotom (Thomas)
Sr Rogers (Samuel)
(.)r Lin
Mr Kempe (Edward)
Mr Stanninow (James)
Sr Hills (Heigham, John, or Ralph)
Mr Hausted (Peter)
Sr Cantrel (Thomas)
Mr Cotterel (Charles)
Freer (Michael)
Mr Rogers (John)
APPENDIX 7 961
Placenta
Merda
Nodle Emptie
William Wiseacres
Mr Mungrell
Hammershin
Zealous Knowlittle
Tempest All-mouth
Arthur Armestrong
Stutchell Legg
Ganimed Fillpott
Hugo Obligation
Prologue
Boy
Piercen (John)
Tiffin (Benjamin)
Mr Harflet (Charles)
Mr Hards (Peter)
Sr Woodhouse (Horatio)
Hausted (William)
Kidbie (John)
Richardson (Joseph or Lambert)
Hausted (William)
Sr Carlile (Thomas)
Hills (Heigham, John, or Ralph)
Slate (Edward Slater?)
Mr Chaundler (Daniel)
Rogers (Samuel)
NOTE: The printed cast list is annotated with a list of actors' titles and names in the
left margin and a more selective but more heavily annotated list in the right margin.
Only the list in the left margin is reproduced here; some given names, however,
are supplied from the list in the right margin. For a description of the complete
list, see LaurensJ. Mills (ed), Peter Hausted's The Rival Friends, Indiana University
Publications, Humanities Series, 23 (Bloomington, 1951), 122.
Valetudinarium
SPONSOR" Queens' College DATE: 1637--8
SOURCE: SJL: S.59(444)
Algidius
Minulus
Mirabella
Archiater
Urinulus
Nonaria
Winifreda
Magniticus
Ucalegon
Cordelia
Perilupus
Bubonius
Theotimus
Mr Wells (William)
Marsh (Richard or Tobias)
Mr Frear (Michael)
Ds Iones (John)
Richardson (John)
Lightfoot (George)
Maldon (Daniel)
Mr Iohnson (William)
Ds Whitloe (Edward)
Whitehead (Jasper)
Ds Stanhop (George)
Ds Lynsell (Thomas)
Ds Sleighton (Robert)
962 APPENDIX 7
Phythiolus
Ipswichus
Linna
Molossus
Coquus
Mr Rogers (Samuel)
Mr Walpole (Arthur)
Sandall (Benjamin)
Mr Pestill (Thomas)
Whiniates (Robert)
964 APPENDIX 8
1496-7
1498-9
1499-1500
1503-4
1506-7
1507-8
1507-8
1508-9
1508-9
1509-10
1510-11
1510-11
1516-17
1518-19
1521-2
1522-3
1522-3?
1524-5
1524-5
1527-8
1530-1
1531-2
1532-3
1533-4
1534-5
1534-5
1534-5
1534-5
1534-5
1535-6
1535-6?
1536-7
1536-7
1537-8
1537-8
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
winter
Christmas
KC
KC
KC
KH
KC
KC
KH
KC
KH
KC
KC
KH
KH
KC
SJ
Qu
TH?
KC
SJ
SJ
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
SJ
SJ
SJ
SJ
KC
SJ
KC
CH
SJ
plays
plays
plays
play ?
play
play/s
play?
play
play?
play/s
play
comedy
play
play/s
play requested
comedy
comedy
plays
play
play?
play?
play
play
plays
plays
comedy
dialogue
play
plays
plays
Greekcomedy
plays
play
tragedy
comedies
Scalis
Carvanell
Wyltun
Barrett
Ray
Stephins
Erlich
West
Terence t
Terence
Thrope
Toche
Fisher
Plautus t
Smith
Miles Gloriosus
Plautus t
Aldrich
Townley
Wade
Hatcher
Terence
Cheke
Redman
Ayre
Plutus
Aristophanes':
Cheke & Smith
Rivett
Smith
APPENDIX 8 965
1537-8
1538-9
1538-9
1538-9
1539-40
1539-40
1539-40
1540-1
1540-I
1541-2
1541-2
1542-3
1542-3
1543-4
1544-5
1544-5
1544-5
1545-6
1545-6
1546-7
1546-7
1547-8
1547-8
1547-8
1547-8
1547-8
1547-87
1548-9
Christmas
Christmas
Christmas
SJ
SJ
SJ
SJ
CH
SJ
SJ
QU
SJ
KC
QU
QU
SJ
KC
SJ
KC
QU
CH
QU
CH
QU
QU
TC
CH
Greek dialogue
comedy
Greek comedy
tragedy
plays
Greek comedy
Latin tragedy
comedies
comedies
plays
comedy
dialogue
plays
comedy?
tragedy
play
plays
plays
comedies
play
comedies
play
play
play
play
play
Greek comedy
play?
PlautusI
Cawthorn
Absalom
Watson
Ponet
Perne
Tbersites?
Ravisius Textor
Perne
Pammacbius
KirchmayerI
Perkyn
Perne & Yale
Perpoynte
Laelia Modenas?
Yale, Alexander, & Hutton
Ad lplooe
Terence
Harrison?
Hell
Ziegler
Eunucbus
Terence;
Stokes
Persa
Plautus
Peace
Aristophanes
Dee
966
1548-9
1548-9
1548-9
1548-9
1548-9
1549-50
1549-50
1549-50
1549-50
1549-50
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1550-1
1551-2
1551-2
1551-2
1551-2
1551-2
1551-2
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
APPENDIX 8
Christmas
Christmas
Shrove Tuesday
1 January
KC
QU
QU
SJ
QU
TC
TC
TC
TC
CH
cc
QU
QU
QU
TC
TC
TC
CH
QU
QU
TC
TC
TC
CH
CH
CC
KC
QU
play
play
play
play
plays
comedy
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
tragedy
play
play
play
play
play
tragedy
comedy
play
comedy
tragedy
show
Poenulus
Plautus*
Yale
Hypocrisis
Gnapheus*
Gascoigne
May
Raymond
Cockrofte
Thulace
Atkinson
Style
Gammer Gurton's Needle?
Stevenson**
Barnard
Robinson
Joscelyn
Nevyson
Thulace
Atkinson
Stevenson
Joscelyn
May
Godsalve
Trojan Women
Seneca*
Malham
Menaechmi
Plautus*
Rudd
Stevenson
Hippolytus
Euripides*
Threkeld, Temple, & Day
Robinson
Thorpe
bachelors & scholars
APPENDIX 8 967
1552-3
1552-3
1552-3
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1553-4
1554-5
1554-5
1554-5
1554-5
1554-5
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1555-6
1556-7
1556-7
5January
2 February
Christmas
Christmas ?
Christmas?
Christmas?
Christmas?
Christmas?
Christmas?
Christmas
Christmas
1 January
TC
TC
TC
CH
CH
CC
CC
QU
QU
QU
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
CH
QU
QU
TC
TC
CH
CH
KC
SJ
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
SJ
TC
show
show
show
English ? play
Latin play
play
comedy
dialogue
tragedy
comedy
show
show
comedy
show
show
show
show
show
play
play
play
show
comedy
plays
show
plays
dialogue
play
play
play
play
play
play
show
Style
Allyngton
Stevenson
Percivall
Burr ?
May
May
Stichus
Plautus':
Robinson
Wendon
Etherington
Reynolds
Oxenbridge
Newton
Hutton
Style
Anglia Deforrnata
Taylor
Eunuchus
Terence:
May
Poenulus
Plautus':
Beaumont
Christopherson
De Crurnena Perdita
Oxenbridge & Hutton
Lodge
Taylor
Foster
Speyght
Blythe
Mettam?
Atkinson
Lakyn
Winning o fan Hold
Barley, Gray, & Boyes
968
1556-7
1557-8
1557-8
1557-8
1557-8
1557-8
1558-9
1558-9
1558-9
1558-9
1558-9
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1559-60
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
APPENDIX 8
7January
11 February
TC
CC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
CH
CH
SJ
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
KC
TC
TC
TC
comedy
comedies
play?
show
show
play
play
show
play or show
play or show
play or show
play
play
play
show
tragedy
tragedy
English plays
comedy
play
play
tragedy
play
show/spectacle
show
play
play
Rudens
Plautus':
Oxenbridge
Hawes
Longe
Shacklock
Shacklock & Redman
Mettam?
Legge & West
Laycoke
Chaderton
Stevenson
Laycoke
bachelors
Oedipus
Seneca
Oxenbridge
Abithell
Beaumont
Mostellaria
Plautus':
Hawes
Sapientia Solomonis
Birck*
Penny
Hecuba
Euripides*
Redman
Penny
Amphitruo
Plautus':
Newton
Trojan Women
Seneca:
Hudson
APPENDIX 8 969
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1560-1
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1561-2
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
1562-3
Christmas
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
CH
JE
KC
KC
QU
QU
QU
SJ
TC
JE
JE
PH
QU
QU
QU
QU
QU
TC
TC
TC
tragedy
comedy
show
show
show
show
show
play
plays
play
play
shows/spectacles
comedy
comedy
plays
plays
play
play
plays
comedy
play
comedy
comedy
comedy
play
play
play
Medea
Seneca:
Legge
Acolastus
Gnapheus:
Baret
Parkinson
Lewes
Valinger
Brittan
Abithell
Chaderton
Thebais?
Browne:
Rastall
Igulden
Adelphoe
Terence:
Curculio
Plautus':
Tower & Some
Sole
Rockray
Lynforde
Igulden
Pseudolus
Plautus':
Shacklock
John the Baptist
Bale or BuchananI?
Chapman &
Parkinson
Christus Triumphans
FoxeI
Browne & Wilkinson
970
1562-3
1562-3
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1563-4
1564-5
1564-5
1564-5
1564-5?
1564-5
1564-5
APPENDIX 8
6 August
7 August
8 August
9 August
10 August
Christmas
Christmas
TC
TC
CH
CH
JE
Univ
KC
KC
Univ
Qu
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
JE
JE
QU
SJ
TC
TC
play
play
show
plays
comedy
comedy
tragedy
play
Latin tragedy
(not performed)
masque
(Hinchingbrooke)
comedy
play
play
play
play
play
dialogue
show
comedy
plays
play
play
Adelpboe
Terence
Legge & Bingham
Pbormio
Terence
Waller (& Rudd ?)
Eu}Tuchus
Terence
Aulularia
Plautus
Kelke et al
Dido
Halliwell t
Browne
Ezecbias
Udall
Browne
Ajax Flagellifer
Sophocles
Masque Before Elizabeth
students
Lynforde
Trinummus
Plautus
Cartwright
Legge & Forde
Baccbides
Plautus
Browne & Cooke
Wilkinson
Parkinson & Powell
Tower
Stichus
PlautusI
Legge & Powell
Wilkinson & Cooke
APPENDIX 8 971
1564-5
1564-5
1565-6
1565-6
1565-6
1565-6
1566-7
1567-8
1567-8
1567-8
1567-8
1567-8
1567-8
1567-8
1568-9
1568-9
1568-9
1568-9
1568-9
1568-9
1569-70
1570-1
1570-1
1570-1
1570-1
1570-1
1570-1
1571-2
1572-3
1572-3
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
CH
CH
JE
JE
PH
TC
TC
JE
JE
SJ
SJ
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
PH
PH
play
show
play
play
play
play
play
play
show
plays
show
plays
play
play
play
play
show
plays
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
play
comedy
comedies
comedies
Philanira
Roillet*?
Gibson & Davyd
Redman
Asotus
Macropedius*
Browne
Asinaria
Plautus*
Legge & Gibson
Crnmenaria
Powell & Dunning
Menaechmi
Plautus*
Gilpin & Bill
Jepltbes
Buchanan* ?
Legge
Wright
Forth
Perne
Redman & Stanhope
Aldrich & Wilkes
Day
Wood
Hayt & Ellis
Redman
Stanhope & Doddinge
Bedwell & Ashburne
Gibson
Gilpin
Wilkes
Stanhope
Doddinge
Cosin & Bennet
972 APPENDIX
1572-3
1572-3
1573-4
1573-4
1573-4
1573-4
1575-6
1575-6
1575-6
1575-6
1576-7
1576-7
1577-8
1577-8
1577-8
1578-9
1578-9
1578-9
1578-9
1578-9?
1578-9
1578-9
1579-80
1579-80
1579-80
1580-1
1580-1
1580-1
1581-2
1581-2
1582-3
1582-3
1582-3
1582-3
1583-4
Christmas
late July
6 February ?
TC play
TC play
Qu play
Qu comedy
TC play
TC play
cc show
PH plays
QU play
s plays
cc comedy
QU play
cc comedies
JE comedy
Univ? play
(Audley End)
cc comedies
oc play
:c plays
KC show
sJ play
sJ tragedy
TC plays
JE comedy
QU comedy
sJ play
TC play
TC comedy
TC play
CC comedy
JE comedy
cc plays
PB satire
s tragedy
TC plays
sJ comedy
Farrand
bachelors
Thaxter
scholars
Wilkinson
Norgate
Wilshawe
Bill
Hymenaeus?
Richardusul
LeggeII
Baccbides
Plautus t
Wilshawe
bachelors
Stanton
Sledd
Pedantius
Forcettt t
Talboyes
Puer Vapulans
Murgatroidt t
MuddII
Persa
Plautus t
1583-4
1583-4
1585-6?
1585-6
1585-6
1585-6?
1585-6
1585-6
1586-7
1586-7
1588-9
1589-90
1590-1
1590-1
1591-2
1591-2?
1592-3
1593-4?
1594-5
1594-5
1594-5
1594-5
1594-5
1594-5
1595-6
1595-6
1595-6
1596-7
1596-7?
1596-7
1597-8
1598-9
APPENDIX 8
1 March
26-8 February
26-8 February
13 January
9 December
Christmas
TC
TC
CL
PB
PH
SJ
TC
TC
SJ
TC
TC
TC
TC
TC
QU
TC
KC
QU
QU
SJ
TC
TC
JE
KC
Qu?
CC
SJ
SJ
SJ
JE
comedy
comedy
satire
plays
satire
satire
play
play
plays
plays
plays
comedies
comedy
comedy
comedy
tragedy
comedies
comedy
comedies
play
comedy
show
comedies
tragedy
show
comedy
comedy
comedy
play
play
comedy
comedy
Palmer
Farrand
Tarrarantantara
Duns Furens ?
Terminus et Non
Terminus ?
Nash & another**
Mostellaria?
Plautus*
Sledd
Farrand
Milner
Thompson
Boulton
Miles Gloriosus ?
Plautus*
Meriton
Roxana
Alabaster*
Laelia
Montaigne &
Meriton**?
Sledd?
Sledd?
Robinson
Fafum
Butts
Hispanus
Morrell or Pratt* ?
Silvanus
Machiavellus?
973
1614-15
1614-15
1614-15
1614-15
1615-16
1615-16
1615-16
1615-16
1615-16
1617-18
1618-19
1619-20
1620-I
1621-2
1621-2
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1624-5
1626-7?
1627-8
1627-8
APPENDIX 8
9 March TC
10 March TC
13 March KC
13 May CL
GC
Audit TC
2 February TC
3--9 February TC
12 March TC
Christmas SJ
10 February TC
Christmas
31 January
26 February?
26 February?
SJ
TC
CC
CC
CC
JE
QU
TC
English comedy
Latin pastoral
English comedy
Latin comedy
comedy
comedy
show
show
Latin comedy
(Royston)
Latin comedy
Latin comedy
Latin comedy
comedy
English play
English play
English play
comedy
comedy
play
12 March TC play
13March? QU
10December? TC
l November? TC
QU
1 November? TC
Latin comedy
(Newmarket)
comedy
(not performed)
comedy
comedy
comedy
Albumazar
Tomkis**
Melanthe
Brooke**
Sicelides
Fletcher**
Ignoramus (2)
Ruggle**
Euribates ?
Cruso* ?
Susenbrotus
Chappell** ?
Stoicus Vapulans
Fraus Honesta (1)
Stubbs**
Barret*:l:
Coote**
Hull**
Brodrib:l:*
Fucus Histriomastix ( 1 )
Ward::
Loiola (1)
Hacket (& Stubbs ?):
Stubbs
Loiola (2)
Hacker (& Stubbs?):
Stubbs
Fucus Histriomastix (2)
WardII
Aristippus
Randolph:I
Edmunds
The Conceited Pedlar
RandolphII
975
APPENDIX 9
College Plays by
Non-Cambridge Authors
Classical play titles named in the Records are listed in the Index and cross-referenced
to their authors; because classical plays were available in numerous manuscripts and
printed editions, no bibliographical information is offered here. The following notes
concern plays by sixteenth-century authors which were performed in Cambridge
colleges. The earliest such play, Thersites, was performed in 1542-3, the latest,
Jephthes, in 1566-7. (A humanistic translation of a classical play may have been put
on in 1559-60: see p 208 and endnote.) Many of the plays are discussed by Lily B.
Campbell, Divine Poetry and Drama in Sixteenth-Century England (Berkeley
and Los Angeles, 1959). Only such references as are necessary to establish basic
identifications are given here.
References cited:
Adams: H.M. Adams (comp), Catalogue of Books Printed on the Continent of
Europe, 1501-1600, in Cambridge Libraries, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1967).
re.c: The British Library General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975 (London,
1979-87).
mvc: Catalogue gnral des livres imprims de la Bibliothque Nationale (Paris,
1897-1981).
Bradner: Leicester Bradner, 'List of Original Neo-Latin Plays Printed before 1650,'
Studies in the Renaissance, 4 (1957), 55-70.
Creizenach: Wilhelm Creizenach, Geschichte des Neueren Dramas, 2nd ed, 3 vols
(Halle, 1911-23).
L-G: E.S. Leedham-Green, Books in Cambridge Inventories: Book-Lists from Vice-
Chancellor's Court Probate Inventories in the Tudor and Stuart Periods, 2 vols
(Cambridge, 1986); all page references below are to vol 2.
978 APPENDIX 9
McFarlane: I.D. McFarlane, Buchanan (London, 1981); references are to numbered
list in Appendix A.
Shaaber: M.A. Shaaber, Check-list of Works of British Authors Printed Abroad, in
Languages other than English, to 1641, Bibliographical Society of America (New
York, 1975).
Acolastus, by Willelm Gnapheus (called Fullonius)
PER:ORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1560-1
FIRST EDITION: A colastus. De filio prodigo cornoedia Acolasti titulo inscripta, autbore
G. Gnapbeo (Antwerp, 1529)
REFERENCE WORKS: Bradner; Adams G775, etc
ALTERNATIVE SOURCE: De filio prodigo comoedia, Acolasti titvlo inscripta, autore
Guielrno Gnapbeo, in Willelm Gnaphaeus (ed), Comoediae ac tragoediae aliqvot
ex novo et vetere testarnento desvrnpte (Basel, 1541)
REFERENCE WORKS: Bradner; Adams G778
MODERN EDITION: G. Gnapheus, Acolastus: A Latin Play of the Sixteenth Century,
W. E.D. Atkinson (ed), University of Western Ontario, Studies in the Humanities,
3 (London, Ont., 1964)
NOTE: L-G, p 386, lists five copies of Acolastus. Translated into English 1540 (src:
11470).
Asotus, by George Macropedius
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1565-6
FIRST EDITION: Asotus evangelicus, seu evangelica de filio prodigo parabola i Georgio
Macropedio cornice descripta (Gerardus Hatardus: Bois le Duc, 1537)
REFERENCE WORKS: B radner; Btc: 11712. aa. 1 (2.) (defective; breaks off in act 1, scene
4). Second edition (Antwerp, 1540): Btc: 11712.b.42
980 APPENDIX 9
Jepbtbes
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1566-7
NOTE: It is likely that this title refers either to Jephthah by John Christopherson or
toJephthes by George Buchanan. McFarlane (p 385, n 19) considers Buchanan's
play an unlikely candidate, preferring Christopherson's. Christopherson, however,
though a former master of Trinity College, had been a militant persecutor of pro-
testants under Mary; the college may not have been eager to honour his memory
with a revival of his play, whether in the Greek or the Latin version (see pp 904,
937).
Jephtbes, by George Buchanan
FIRST EDITION: lephthes sive votum tragoedia (Paris, 1554)
REFERENCE WORKS: Bradner; McFarlane 37; Shaaber B729. Second edition (1557):
McFarlane 38, Shaaber B730
ALTERNATIVE SOURCE: lephthes, sie votum, tragoedia, in George Buchanan,
Psalmorum Dauidis paraphrasis poetica, authore G. Buchanano. eiusdem Buchanani
tragoedia lephthes (Paris, 1566 ?)
REFERENCE WORKS: McFarlane 125, Adams B1447, Shaaber B759. McFarlane, Adams,
and Shaaber list numerous subsequent editions, including a securely dated edition
of 1566 (McFarlane 126)
MODERN EDITION AND TRANSLATION: George Buchanan Tragedies, P. Sharratt and
P.G. Walsh (eds) (Edinburgh, 1983)
NOTE: Discussed by McFarlane, pp 190-205. Smith, College Plays, p 103, suggests
that Roger Ascham may have witnessed a performance of George Buchanan's
Jephthes at this time (Records, 1539-40). L-G, p 108, lists one copy of the Psalms
with Jephthes, along with eight copies of Buchanan's Psalms which may have
included Jephthes.
Jobn Babtiste
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1562-3
NOTE: Two candidates for this play are Baptistes, by George Buchanan, andJoban
Baptystes Preachynge, by John Bale, who, although a Cambridge graduate, had left
982 APPENDIX
MODERN EDITION: Thomas Naogeorg, Simtlicbe Werke, Hans-Gert Roloff (ed),
Ausgaben deutscber Literatur des xv. his xvm. ]abrbunderts, vol I (Berlin, 1975);
extensive bibliography.
NOTE: First and subsequent editions contain Kirchmayer's dedication to Thomas
(Cranmer), archbishop of Canterbury. JEL: B. 6.63 is extensively annotated, but in
a manner different from that implied by Parker (p 134). L-G, p 566, lists one copy.
Philanira, by Claude Roillet
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1564-5
FIRST EDITION: Pbilanira, in Claudii Roilleti Belnensis varia poemata (Paris, 1556)
REFERENCE WORKS: Bradner; Adams R667
Sapientia Solomonis, by Sixt Birck (called Xystus Betuleius)
PERFORMANCE HISTORY: Trinity College, 1559-60
NOTE: Sixt Birck's Sapientia Solomonis was published in 1547; a revised version
of the play was performed for Queen Elizabeth at Westminster School in 1566. It
is not certain whether Birck's edition or the revised version was performed at Cam-
bridge.
FIRST EDITION: Sapientia Solomonis, drama comicotragicum Xysto Betuleio Augustano
autore, in Johannes Oporinus (ed), Dramata sacra, comoediae atqve tragcedbe
aliquot veteri testamento desumptae ... magna parte nunc primfm in lucern edit,e,
vol 2 (Basel, 1547)
REFERENCE WORKS: Adams D883; Bradner lists edition of 1591 only.
MODERN EDITION : Sixt Birck, Simtliche Dramen, Manfred Brauneck (ed), vol 3 (Ber-
lin, 1980); for bibliography, see vol 2, p 515.
SEE ALSO: Elizabeth Rogers Payne (ed), Sapientia Solomonis; Acted before the Queen
by the Boys of Westminster School, January 17, 1565/6. Edited from B.M. Add. Ms.
20061, with Introduction, Notes, and Collation with the original version of the play
by Sixt Birck, printed in 157, Yale Studies in English, 89 (New Haven, 1938).
APPENDIX I0 985
V- I niuersities of Cambridge and Oxford, and else-where I
[McKerrow 301 ] I At London printed for N. L. and lohn Trundell.
I 1603.
(Of the two surviving copies of the 1603 edition, only the one in the Huntington
Library preserves the title-page: a photo-reproduction of the title-page can be found
in G.R. Hibbard (ed), Hamlet, The Oxford Shakespeare (Oxford, 1987).
Pondering the validity of the title-page claim and the unlikelihood of a performance
in either Cambridge or Oxford in 1603, Frederick S. Boas, '"Hamlet" at Oxford:New
Facts and Suggestions," Fortnightly Review, ns 94 (1913), 252, asks: 'Why should not
Hamlet, as it appears in the First Quarto, have been written between 1592 and 1594 ?'
James B. Leishman (ed), The Three Parnassus Plays (1598-1601) (London, 1949), 336,
citing Chambers,/s, vol 2, pp 207-8, affirms the possibility of a visit to Cambridge
by the lord chamberlain's men in 1601-2: 'There is no evidence against it.'
In view of the many prohibitions at Cambridge, including the privy council letter
of 29 July 1593 and various payments to companies in lieu of performance, it may
be questioned whether the lord chamberlain's players would have been permitted to
play even though they did visit Cambridge in 1594-5: the claim of the title-page, not
repeated in subsequent editions, may be a printer's groundless boast. Even conceding
that the town may have been reluctant to pay out 40s for non-performance and that
the amount therefore may imply a performance, the connection of Hamlet to a per-
formance in 1594-5 must remain doubtful.
Volpone, by Benjamin Jonson
Suggested date of performance: 1607
Evidence for a Cambridge performance of Volpone occurs on the dedication page of
the 1607 edition (slc: 14783):
TO THE MOST NOBLE I AND MOST ]EQVALL I SISTERS I
THE TWO FAMOVS VNIVERSITIES, I FOR THEIR LOVE I
AND I ACCEPTANCE I SHEW'N TO HIS POEME I IN THE
PRESENTATION: BEN: IONSON THE GRATEFVLL
ACKNOWLEDGER I DEDICATES I BOTH IT, AND HIMSELF.
I There followes an Epistle, if I you dare venture on I the length.
35
Murray, English Dramatic Companies, vol 1, p 184, and vol 2, p 221, pointing also
to the record of a, performance of Volpone by the king's men at Oxford on 7 September
1607, interprets presentation' and 'acceptance' as literal references to past productions
of the play at both universities. C.H. Herford and Percy and Evelyn Simpson (eds),
Ben Jonson, vol 9 (Oxford, 1950), 196, approve this conjecture. The Records,
986 APPENDIX 10
however, provide no evidence for a Cambridge performance and, in the unfavourable
reception given to Greene and Duke in 1605-6, good evidence against. Perhaps the
dedication expresses a hope that the printed book now offered for the judgment of
the universities will have a good reception.
APPENDIX 1!
Cambridge Ghosts
Misunderstandings or mistranscriptions have occasionally given rise to the assertion
by some authority that a play was performed on such and such an occasion, or at such
and such a college, whereas in fact no such event occurred. The following is a list of
errors which have been detected or suspected in scholarly publications. See also Ap-
pendix 6:4 for plays wrongly or doubtfully ascribed to Cambridge and 6:3 for
Cambridge plays not performed; and for a 'musical ghost,' see Appendix 15.
c 1200
Midsummer Fair Originated with Children's Games and Music
Cooper, Annals, vol 1, p 34, citing John Nichols, The History and Antiquities of
BarnwellAbbey, and of Sturbridge Fair (London, 1786), 12, writes that King John
(1199-1216) 'also granted to the Prior and Canons of Barnwell the fair there, now
called Midsummer Fair, which is said to have originated from the resort of children
and young persons thither yearly on Midsummer eve, to amuse themselves with
wrestling matches.' The source for this conjecture is a thirteenth-century MS, 3I.: Har-
ley 3601, f 12v (printed by John Willis Clark, Liber Memorandorum Ecclesie de Ber-
newelle (Cambridge, 1907), 41-2):
...De loco de Barnewelle.
... Porro de illius loci medio fonticuli satis puri & viuidi emanabant.
Anglice Barnewelle. idest fontes puerorum eo tempore appellati, eo
quod pueri & adolescentes semel per annum. In vigilia scilicet
Nauitatis sancti Iohannis Baptiste illic conuenientes, more anglorum 2s
luctamina & alia ludicria exercebant puerilia. & cantilenis & musicis
instrumentis sibi inuicem applaudebant. Vnde propter turbam
puerorum & puellarum illic concurrencium. & ludencium: mos
inoleuit ut in eodem die illic conueniret negociandi gracia turba
uendencium & emencium.
30
APPENDIX 11
Item spent by our Master vpon Master Vice chanceler Master maire,
& Master surveyer for to gett ye streetes paved ageinst fooles daie xi i d
The correct reading for 'fooles dale' is 'tooles doore.'
989
1552-.$
Strylius, by Nicholas Robinson, Acted at Queen's College
Boas, University Drama, p 22, n 1, reports: 'The Queens' College accounts mention
a comedy in this year. The title and the author's name are given in Cooper's Ath.
Camb., i. 505. But I have not been able to trace Cooper's authority. No mention of
Strylius is made by Tanner in his Bibliotheca, nor by Wood in Ath. Oxon., in their
notices of N. Robinson, nor by W.G. Searle in his History of Queens' Coll. (Camb.
Antiq. Soc. 1867).' Evidently Cooper misread the title of Sticb us (by Plautus) in the
Queens' College accounts for 1553-4.
c 1553-4
Tbeano Acted at Queens" College
Edwin W. Robbins, 'The Play of Theano,' M_N, 58 (1943), 417-22, noting 'Theanoes
coote' in the Queens' College inventory assigned in the Records to 1553-4, speculates
on possible subjects for this apparently original play. 'Theanoes coote,' however, may
represent a scribal misunderstanding of'Thraso's coat,' which occurs in the college
inventories of both the preceding year, 1552-3 ('thrasows cotte'), and of the following
year, 1554-5 ('thraso cote'; 'thrasos coote'), but not in 1553-4.
1562-3 or 1563-4
Medea Performed at Queens' College
Boas, University Drama, states that a play of Medea was performed at Queens': on
p 18 he gives the performance date as 1563/4, while on p 387 he gives the date as Feb-
ruary 1563. Information of such specificity as to month of performance must derive
from the college's Magnum Journale; yet no such entry has been traced there or any-
where else. Conceivably Boas based his report on an antiquarian misreading of the
word "comoedia,' which occurs three times in the entries for February 1563 (p 218).
1568-9
A Play in St John's College Gallery
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 222, transcribes as follows from St John's College Rental
SJA: SB4.1, f 398:
APPENDIX 11 991
c 1600
Trinity College 'Comedy Room"
G.M. Trevelyan, Trinity College: An Historical Sketch (Cambridge, 1943), 29 (see
also p 33), comments on an extension to the college buildings: 'The farther part, nearer
the river, was the Comedy Room where, in Elizabethan and Stuart times, the under-
graduates acted Latin and English plays at Christmastide.' Willis and Clark, Architec-
tural History, vol 2, pp 605 and 622, imply that Trinity's 'Comedy Room,' in use
after the Restoration, may have antedated 1642; see also Atkinson, Cambridge
Described, pp 263 and 441.
The comedy room did not antedate the Restoration (1660). Documentary references
to the comedy room occur from 1670-1 to 1714. References to an 'attyring chamber'
in 1614-15 and 1619-20 have nothing to do with the later comedy room. Trinity Col-
lege plays through Cowley's The Guardian of 1642 were performed in the college hall.
1616-17
Oliver Cromwell Played the Role of a King (Tactus) in Lingua
John S. Farmer (ed), Lingua, Tudor Facsimile Texts ([London], 1913), Introduction,
writes: 'By tradition Oliver Cromwell was said to have performed the part of Tactus
in the play (ie, of Lingua) at Cambridge.' This tradition is cited by Antonia Fraser,
Cromwell Our Chief of Men (London, 1973), 20: "Another favourite story, sometimes
related of his school-days, but seeming more logically to belong to those of his Uni-
versity, concerns Cromwell playing the King in student theatricals. His admirers later
saw the incident as evidence of natural greatness, his critics believed it pointed to in-
born ambition..." Cromwell's participation in Lingua has been accepted or at least
not rejected by a number of historians, but dismissed by others: see Wilbur Cortez
Abbott, A Bibliography of Oliver Cromwell (Cambridge, Mass, 1929), items 2, 1195,
2267, 2428, 2457.
Among drama historians, this thesis has received sympathetic consideration: in
'Plays Acted Before the University,' pp 33-4; from G.C. Moore Smith, 'Notes on
Some English University Plays,' Modern Language Review, 3 (1908), 150; and from
Chambers, us, vol 3, p 498. But the anonymous author of a review of Lingua in
Retrospective Review 2, pt 2 (1820), 275-6n, tends to discount the assertion, while
Hugh G. Dick (ed), Albumazar: a Comedy, University of California Publications in
English, 13 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1944), 10, n 5, is even more sceptical: "The
.myth apparently originated with Simon Miller, the publisher of the 1657 edition, and
ts universally discounted.'
In one of his two 1657 editions of Lingua (first printed in 1607), Simon Miller
changed the title-page description from the previous A pleasant Comoedy to A Serious
Comoedy. First A cted at Trinity College in Cambridge: After at the Free-Scbool at
992 APPENDIX 11
Huntington. Miller implied without saying so that Cromwell, who had attended the
free school at Huntingdon, acted in the play. A few years later, appealing to sentiments
which prevailed after the Restoration, Miller said so more directly: A serious Comedy;
Acted by Oliver Cromwell the late Usurper (Greg, vol 1, pp 239-40).
In the meantime, S. Carrington, The History of the Life and Death of His Most
Serene Highness, Oliver, Late Lord Protector (London, 1659), 3, attributed the per-
formance to Cambridge: '... His Parents ... caused him to be educated in the
University of Cambridge; where, as it is reported, a publick Representation being to
be performed, he that was to represent the Kings part, falling sick, this our Cromwell
was said to have taken the Part upon Himself, and so well imployed the little time
he had to get by Heart, as it seemed, that it was Infused into him, and whereby he
represented a King with so much Grace and Majesty, as if that Estate had been naturall
unto him ...'
James Heath, in Flagellum orthe Life and Death, Birth and Burial of OliverCrom-
wel, the Late Usurper, 2nd ed (London, 1663), 6-7, developed the free school con-
nection instead:
Now to confirm this Royal humour the more in his ambitious and
vain-glorious brain, it happened (as it was then generally the Custome
in all great Free-Schools) that a Play called The five Senses, was to be
Acted by the Scholars of this School, and Oliver Cromwel, as a
Confident Youth, was named to act the part of Tactus the sense of
Feeling; in the personation of which as he came out of the Tyring room
upon the Stage, his head encircled with a Chaplet of Lawrel, he
stumbled at a Crown, purposely laid there, which stooping down he
took up, and Crowned himself therewithall, adding beyond his Cue,
some Majestical mighty words; and with this passage also the Event
of his Life held good analogy and proportign, when he changed the
Lawrell of his Victories (in the late unnatural War) to all the Power,
Authority, and Splendor that can be imagined within the Compasse
of a Crown.
Neverthelesse the Relation of a Father, and one so stern and strict
an Examiner of him.., kept him in some awe and subjection, till his
translation to Cambridge, where he was placed in Sydney Colledge,
more to satisfie his Fathers curiosity and desire, than out of any hopes
of Completing him in his Studies, which never reached any good
knowledge of the Latine Tongue.
William Winstanley, The Lives of the Most Famous English Poets (London, 1687),
114-15, erroneously ascribing Lingua to Anthony Brewer, repeats the Cambridge
version:
APPENDIX 11 995
1642
Francis Cole, Playwright
Bentley, .cs, vol 3, p 172, gives a separate entry to Francis Cole as a possible play-
wright. This identification is based on a misunderstanding which can be traced to John
Payne Collier, but represents no malfeasance on his part. In History of English Drama-
ticPoetry, vol 3 (London, 1831), 443n, Collier writes: "Mr. Douce is in possession
of a tract with the following title: - "The Prologue and Epilogue to a comedie
presented at the Entertainment of the Prince his Highnesse, by the Scollers of Trinity
Colledge, in Cambridge, in March last, 1641. By Francis Cole." London, 1642, 4to.
It is preceded by a wood-cut, of a person in a black suit, including a cloak, with a
paper in his hand.' Bentley responds doubtfully: 'Apparently no one else has seen this
tract.'
The tract exists, but the name 'Francis Cole,' as recognized by the BL catalogue and
by Wing, is a pseudonym for Abraham Cowley. The prologue and epilogue are for
Cowley's 1642 Cambridge play, The Guardian. The tract is listed twice in the first
edition of Wing (1945), as both C5022 (Francis Cole) and C6683 (Abraham Cowley),
but the entries are consolidated in the second edition (1972) under C6683A (Cowley).
Copies survive in the BL, Thomason Tract E. 144(9), and the Ct:L, Peterborough
K.4.30(23). Other copies are Bodl. : Douce C246; KCL: Keynes C.8.19; Folger:
C6683A; and Hun.: 151803. See Appendix 5, 1642, for text, and Appendix 19 for
illustration.
1000 APPENDIX 12
1617-18
1618-19
1618-19
1618-19
1618-19
1618-19
1618-19
1619-20
1620-1
1620-1
1620-1
1620-1
1620-1
1621-2
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1622-3
1623-4
1623-4
1623-4
1623-4
1623-4
1623-4
1623-4
1624-5
1624-5
1624-5
1625-6
1625-6
1625-6
1626-7
1626-7
1626-7
1626-7
1626-7
1627-8
1627-8
1627-8
1627-8
1628-9
4 D'Ewes
4 Gray
4 Palmer
4 Apsley
4 Osburne
4 Duke
4 Poolford
4 Hudleston
4 March
4 Haggar
4 Halford, sr
4 Halford, jr
4 Greene
4 Jermy
4 Wildbore
4 Clerk
4 Howman
4 Shortland
4 Hastier
4 Wellam
4 Strange
4 Bell, sr
4 Bell, jr
4 Higham
4 Might
4 Parker
1 ? Wright
4 Stuteville
4 Tracy
4 Tasburgh, sr
4 Tasburgh, jr
2 ? Mead
4 Pagitt
4 Isham
4 Goose
4 Barnard
4 Mead
4 Jordan
4 Coytmore
4 Hall
4 Alleyn
4 Mead, tertius
Simonds
John
Peregrine
Edward
William
John
William
William
William
John
Andrew
George
William
Robert
Zacharias
James
Roger
Richard
John
Isaac
Hamon
Edmund
Robert
John
Thomas
Gilbert
Samuel
John
John
Charles
Cressy
Robert
Justinian
Justinian
Jeremy
John
Richard
James
Thomas
William
John
William
SJ
CF
CF
CF
CF
CI-
CI-
CF
CF
CF
CF
CF
CF
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
3 4 F 5v
3 4 E1 90v
3 4 E1 92
3 4 El 94v
2 0 El 107v
2 0 El 111
0 6 E1 115
3 4 El 124
2 0 E2 46
2 0 E2 49v
3 4 E2 53v
3 4 E2 54
0 6 E2 57
2 0 E2 76v
2 0 E2 91v
0 6 E2 9.5
2 0 E2 101
2 0 E2 104
0 6 E2 113
0 6 E2 116
3 4 E2 123
2 0 E2 129v
2 0 E2 131
2 0 E2 134
2 0 E2 142
2 0 E2 145
0 6 E2 150
2 0 E3 47
2 0 E3 6O
3 4 E3 65v
3 4 E3 66
0 6 E3 75
2 0 E3 79
3 4 E3 89
2 0 E3 92
2 0 E3 94
0 6 E3 86v
2 0 E3 100
2 0 E3 103
2 0 E3 106
2 0 E3 109
2 0 E3 11.5
APPENDIX 13
Musicians
Professional Players
Following is a list of professional instrumentalists active in Cambridge. Most were
either town waits, university waits, or both. For a narrative account of the Cambridge
waits, see Introduction, pp 738-46.
Information drawn from the Records is supplemented by subsidy rolls, wills,
inventories, and other documents. On subsidy rolls, see William Mortlock Palmer,
Cambridgeshire Subsidy Rolls, 1250-1695 (Norwich, 1912); Joseph J. Muskett and
C.H. Evelyn White, The Lay Subsidy of 1 Edw. iii. (a.l). 1327). Cambridgeshire,
reprinted from East Anglian, ns, 10-12 (1904-8); and Palmer, 'The Plea Rolls,' pp
1-10, and 'The Cambridge Poll Tax of 1512,' pp 97-131, in Cambridge Borough
Documents, vol 1 (Cambridge, 1931 ). Wills in the University Archives are listed as
VCP (Vice-chancellor's Probate). Wills in the Ely Diocesan Records, also housed in
the University Library, are listed as a// (Clifford A. Thurley and Dorothea Thurley
(eds), Index of the Probate Records of the Court of the Archdeacon #Ely, 1513-1857,
British Record Society, The Index Library, 88 (London, 1976)). Further information
on musicians in the employ of the university occurs in Palmer, 'College Dons,
Country Clergy, and University Coachmen,' cas: Proceedings, 16 (1912), 170-2.
Registers antedating 1642 have been indexed for seven Cambridge parishes: the
churches of All Saints, Holy Trinity, St Andrew the Less (Barnwell), St Benet, St
Botolph, St Edward, and St Michael. These indexes are to be found in the cRo.
Information concerning marriages of Cambridge musicians is supplied here, but not
information concerning births of children.
For more detail on secular - as well as sacred - music at Cambridge, see lan Payne,
'Instrumental Music at Trinity College, Cambridge, c 1594-c 1615: Archival and
Biographical Evidence,' Music & Letters, 68 (1987), 128-40 (cited hereafter as Payne);
and lan Payne, 'The Musical Establishment at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546-
1644,' cas: Proceedings, 74 (1987, for 1985), 53-69. (See also, by the same author,
a forthcoming sequel in Music & Letters, subtitled 'British Library Additional uss
30826-8, a Set of College Part Books ?') In addition to citing inventories taken at death
for Benet Prime, Stephen Wilmott, Stephen Mace, William Tawyer, and Edmund
APPENDIX 13
1003
Salter, Payne, pp 139-40, cites inventories for the following chapel musicians who
are not listed here: Henry Cole, Thomas Jordan, John Seamer, Thomas Staresmore,
and Alexander Chatterton.
The position of a wait within the company (first, second, etc), rarely stated
explicitly, has been inferred here largely from the order of waits' names in lists, but
also from references to relationships between waits (master, servant, etc) and to such
functions as being in receipt of money. Men described in the Records as waits' servants
are understood to be waits themselves and are so listed here. Similarly, a wait described
as having a servant or servants is understood to be the master wait and is so listed.
John Andrewe
Born at Walthamstow, Essex c 1568; at one time employed by Lord Windsor of
Stanwell. Moved to Cambridge by Easter 1590; wait under William Gibbons from
at least 21 June 1590 to at least 14 December 1590.
Samuel Biam
Cambridge trumpeter active from 1613-14? to 1637-8.
William Bird
Appointed lord of taps 1582-3; master of the university waits 1582-3 to 1590-1. Not
the famous composer. Involved in lawsuits with William Gibbons 1589-90 and
1590-1. He appears to have lost the mastership of the university waits to Gibbons
by 1591-2. Named a final time 1597-8. A William Bird married Elizabeth Barnes at
Cherry Hinton 28 May 1593; the same Bird died in Cherry Hinton in 1600
W1600, WR6:80). Another William Bird joined a professional troupe c 1597
(Nungezer, Dictionary of Actors), visiting Cambridge in 1615-16 with the palsgrave's
men.
John Browne
Assumed mastership of the waits on death of Stephen Wilmott, 1627-8, in accordance
with an agreement with Stephen's widow, Mary. 'Iohn Browne music/on' admitted
hunderer of Trinity College, 20 November 1628, replacing Wilmot in that office (CtA:
V.C. Ct. 1.2, f 112). Possibly chapel musician at Queens' College (Records, 1636-7,
1641-2). Nicholas Hookes, Amanda (London, 1663; Wing H2665), alludes to him
as'old Browne' and identifies him as a player of the sackbut. Died intestate; bonds
issued for the administration of his estate 26 April 1666 and 26 September 1667 (VCP)
Guarantor for both bonds was Robert Smith (2) (see below).
John Chapman
Wait under William Bird 1590-1. A John Chapman married Ann Shewster 22 January
1594 at Holy Trinity; two John Chapmans were buried at St Benet's: one 8 March
1611, the other 10 June 1616.
1004 APPENDIX 13
.John Clarke
Wait 1551-2, listed second; probably master wait 1556-7, when his daughter married
his 'servant.' Alice Clarke, wife of a John Clarke, was buried at St Botolph's 12 March
1560.
Adam le Cytoler
Named in subsidy roll of 1314-15 (PRO: E179/81/5, mb 1).
... Daltun
Named 1495-6 in a context which may suggest that he was a town wait, perhaps
master.
Robert Gibbons
Played at Reach Fair 1634-5. A Robert Gibbons married Elizabeth Lyng at Holy
Trinity 20 October 1617. Named as innkeeper and musician 1625-7 (Ct3A: V.C. Ct.
I. 11, ff 29v, 74-6). Affiliation unknown.
William Gibbons
Moved from Oxford to Cambridge by March 1566. Approved master of the university
waits - in the place of John Hewarden - 23 November 1566; appointed town wait
3 November 1567 and received five collars 25 November 1567. Innkeeper and dancing-
school master (CtA: Collect. Admin. 13, ff 180v, 250v). Removed to Oxford 1583,
returned to Cambridge 1589-90. Involved in lawsuits with William Bird 1589-90 and
1590-1. Apparently first town and university wait from 1591-2 to death, October
1595. Nuncupative will (aee WR5:183) printed by Fellowes, Orlando Gibbons, pp
104-5. His widow, Mary, who probably retained mastership after William's death,
was keeper of the Bear (cua: V.C. Ct. I. 4, f 284v, February 1600); this must also
have been William's inn, though perhaps only from the time of his return in 1589-90.
Mary died in April 1603; will (aeP W1603, WR6:152) printed by Fellowes, pp 105-7.
Sons included Edward, Ferdinando, and Orlando (Fellowes, pp 13-31).
... Gibbons
An unspecified Gibbons received payments for music in 1593-4, 1595-6, and 1596-7,
and again from 1600-1 to 1602-3. The performer named in the earlier years was
probably Edward. New Grove, following/3v/3, suggests that the performer in the later
years was Orlando (1583-1625), who studied music at King's College 1598-1606. See,
however, Introduction, p 741.
Richard Graves
Town wait under Murton 1577-8 and 1578-9. Apparently left Cambridge for
Norwich, where he served from 1581-2 to 1584-5 (REED, Norwich 1540-1642, p 353).
The Norwich wait of this name was a trumpeter.
1006 APPENDIX 13
Thomas Lutt
Apparently master of town waits from 1588-9. Called 'music/on" in will dated
February 1590 (AEP W1589, WR4:291).
John Lyon
Lord of taps at some time before his death c 1636-7.
Stephen Mace
Named in Queens' College Magnum Journale for 1630-1 (QtA: Book 6, f 41 (February
expenses)):
Marsh & To Mace ye Musitian, in earnest for eleven
thousand of brick, at 15 s ye thousand, besides fetching,
By Mr Bardsey one pound
100
Lay clerk at Trinity College, 20 March 1627 to c 1635; owned musical instruments
at death in 1635; uncle of Thomas Mace, the author of Musicke's Monument (London,
1676; Wing: M120): see Payne, p 140.
John Martyn
Master wait 1512-13; his apprentices were Nicholas Prime and Bartholomew
Lumberd. Listed, with others connected with the university, in subsidy roll of 1523-4
(PRO: E179/81/133, mbs 2, 7). Will (AEP W1545, WR2:23) written 29 July 1543,
probated 3 May 1545. 'Widow Marten' named in subsidy roll of 1545-6 (PRO: E179/
82/194, mb 2).
William Mason
Sued by William Gibbons for default of payment for a tenor hautboy in 1565-6;
played for the mayor and council in the guild-hall 1567-8. Affiliation unknown. A
musician of this name was active in Norwich in 1553-4 and possibly 1554-5 (REED,
Norwich 1540-1642, pp 33-6).
John Murton
Third wait (?) 1559-60; apparently master of town waits from 1575-6 to 1587-8. Born
c 1535, died by June 1588; innkeeper; kept a dancing-school 1573, 1576 (CtA: Collect.
Admin. 6a, pp 525, 576"; Collect. Admin. 13, ff 180v, 250v). Probably also master
of the university waits from 1575-6, though by 1582-3 that post was held by William
Bird. Widow, Agnes, still an innkeeper February 1600 (CtA: V.C. Ct. 1.4, f 285v).
Michael Palmer
Master of independent company 1624-5. Lived in Green Street in the mid- 1620s with
APPENDIX 13 1007
his wife and two daughters (p 745). A Michael Palmer married Mary Whyte at St
Michael's 8 April 1632.
John Pattyn
Long-time lord of taps; dead by 1582-3.
William Pike
Became third wait (?) on death of Stephen Wilmott 1627-8. A William Pike married
Hannah Burton at Holy Trinity 11 September 1627. The administration of the goods
of the same William Pike was entrusted to Hannah his widow on 30 October 1630.
(AEP AR1:119).
John Pipere
Named in context suggesting performance 1342-3; also named 1349-50.
Robert le Pipere
Named 1349-50. Name occurs earlier in subsidy rolls of 1314-15 (PRO." I 1 79/81/5,
mb 1: 'Robertus le Pyper'); and 1327 (E179/81/6, mb 11: 'Roberto Le Pipe').
Thomas Pipere
Named ! 349-50. Name occurs later in poll tax returns of 1377 (PRO: E357/8, mb (6)d:
'Thomas Pypere'; and in subsidy roll of 1381 (E179/81/41, single mb: 'Thomas
Pypere').
Benet Prime
Third wait (?) 1546-7 to 1551-2; probably master of independent waits from as early
as 1545-6 to death in October 1557. Named in subsidy roll of 1545-6 (PRO: E 179/82/
194, mb 2d). In 1554-5 his company consisted of five men including himself. Cousin
of Nicholas. Identified as launderer of Queens' College in will of 24 September 1557
(probated 27 October: VCP). Inventory taken at death excerpted in Records. His
wife, Joan (named in Records, 1547-8), probably retained the mastership until
1558-9, when she made an agreement with Jerome the piper.
Nicholas Prime
Apprenticed to John Martyn ! 512-13. Named in subsidy roll of 1523-4 (PRO ." E 179/
81/133, mb 2). Excerpt from will of 12 January 1543 printed in Records. Husband
of Agnes and cousin of Benet, to whom he bequeathed six 'shaftes.'
Henry Reade
Not in Records but named as Cambridge wait in attendance at Hengrave, Suffolk,
January 1574 (Galloway and Wasson (eds), 'Plays and Players in Norfolk and Suffolk,'
1008 APPENDIX 13
Malone Society, Collections, 11, p 166). Affiliation unknown; possibly a member of
William Gibbons' company.
... Reynalde
Received payment 'for the Musitians supper' at Queens' College 1572-3; hence
possibly a member of the university waits. Otherwise unidentified.
John Richemund
Master wait (?) 1546-7 to 1551-2. Named (as Rychemunde) in subsidy roll of 1545-6
(PRO: E179/82/194, mb 2d). A John Richemunde was one of the witnesses to John
Martyn's will in 1543.
Edmund Salter
Second wait (?) 1641-2. Lived in Green Street in the mid- 1620s with his wife and two
children (p 745). Died 1657, inventory taken 6 August (VCP): 'In ye midle chamber
... Item a watch, 3 lutes, 3 cornets, 2 0 0."
... Seatree
Apprenticed to university wait (probably to Stephen Wilmott c 1614); later blind in
one eye; found work with another musician of the town c 1634; in 1635-6 petitioned
(for at least the third time) for full membership in the university waits' company (pp
668-70). Resident in St Benet's parish. Frequently named as recipient of charity, often
with or through his wife, 1631-2 to 1636-7 (CUA: T.X.20, ff 8, 9, 9v, 14v, 15v; CUR
54, ff 78v, 90v, 97; Art. 226, pp 6, 7).
William Sharpelesse
Apprentice to Stephen Wilmott at time of Wilmott's death; indenture conveyed to
John Browne 1627-8.
Robert Smith (1)
Apprentice to Stephen Wilmott at time of Wilmott's death; indenture conveyed to
John Browne 1627-8; third wait (?) 1641-2. Administration of goods (VCP) granted
4 January 1659.
Robert Smith (2)
Another Robert Smith, musician, of Holy Trinity parish, is named as guarantor for
the administration of John Browne's estate in 1666 and 1667.
William Tawyer
Became fourth wait (?) on death of Stephen Wilmott 1627-8. Conceivably son or
relative of William Tawyer, trumpeter, who died in 1624 (Nungezer, Dictionary of
Actors; Jcs). Named in Sidney Sussex College account book as college tenant in
1010 APPEIDIX 13
earlier in 1614-15 (p 526 and endnote); served as university wait until death 1627-8.
Member of Holy Trinity parish. Married Isabel Dobsonn 29 October 1598;
'Goodwife Willmett' was buried 11 February 1599. Married Mary Tuttell 12
November 1599. Resident of Wall's Lane. Admitted privileged person 6 November
1617 in the place of Thomas Gregory; subsequently admitted 4 August 1621 as
launderer of Trinity College (ctA: V.C. Ct. 1.2, f 125v; Gregory also named ff 11 lv,
122v, 137v). Presented 1 September 1625 'for not settinge a man to watch'; wife
presented 'for giuing the Constable euill words'; summoned 28 November 1625 (cu,:
CUR 54, Arts. 36, 13). Mastership passed to John Browne after Wilmott's death, in
accordance with agreement with widow. Inventory taken at death, cited in Records,
reveals that he kept a school, perhaps for his apprentices.
Composers or Transcribers of Music
The following is a list of composers or academic musicians named in the Records. See
also Robert Ramsay and John Geares in Appendix 7, note to Loiola (1622-3); and
see Appendix 15.
William Byrd
c 1543-1623. Probably the 'Mr Bird' named as composer of Preces deo for Thomas
Legge's Richardus Tertius in 1578-9 (Appendix 15). Entry in New Grove; see also
Edmund H. Fellowes, William Byrd, 2nd ed (London, 1948). Not the William Bird
who served as lord of taps and town wait (see p 1003).
John Hilton
d 1609. Trinity College organist from 1594. Entry in New Grove. Died 1609
(inventory of his possessions (VCP) dated 20 March). Discussed by Payne,
'Instrumental Music,' pp 129-32 (excerpt from inventory at death, p 131); and by
Payne, 'Musical Establishment,' pp 60-2, 66.
Thomas Holmes
c 1580-1638. Composed music for Thomas Randolph's The Jealous Lovers 1631-2
(Appendix 15). Entry in New Grove.
George Jeffreys
1610-85. Composed music for Peter Hausted's The RivalFriends 1631-2 (Appendix
15). Entry in New Grove.
Robert Johnson
c 1583-1633. Presumably 'our musician,' the Johnson named in the same sentence
as Ben Jonson in a letter of 1614-15 to the master of St John's College (p 535). The
musician and the poet collaborated on numerous occasions. Entry in New Grove.
APPENDIX 13 1011
George (?) Mason
At Trinity College 1612-14. Not fully identified. New Grove, under George Mason,
states: 'A George Mason, connected with Cambridge, may well be a different
composer. Nine five-part pavans by "Mr Mason"[in BL: Add. 30826-8] are probably
by this composer.' Discussed by Payne, 'Instrumental Music,' pp 135-7; and by
Payne, 'Musical Establishment,' pp 62, 66.
Thomas Mudd
c 1560 to after 1619. Arrested for satirizing the mayor in a play 1582-3 (p 308). Entry
in New Grove.
John Parker
FI. 1500. Transcribed music at King's College 1500-1. B.Mus. 1502-3 (Venn).
William Stevenson
c 1530-75. Probable author of Gammer Gurton "s Needle, and thus of the song 'Back
and Side go Bare.' Reimbursed by his college (Christ's) for pricking and making songs
1549-50 (1550-1, endnote). See also Appendix 6:1.
William Suthey
FI. 1480-90. Collaborated with John Goldyng in the presentation of plays at King's
College, 1482-3 (p 61). Conduct and composer/transcriber of liturgical music for
King's College 1480-90 (Mundum Book 8.1, ff20v, 22). Married. B.Mus. 28June
1490 (Emden).
John Wilby
1574-1638. Possibly involved with Trinity College's preparation for royal
performances in 1612-13 (pp 498-9). Entry in New Grove. Fuller study in David
Brown, Wilbye, Oxford Studies of Composers, 11 (London, 1974).
Thomas (?) Wilkinson
At Trinity College 1603-12. Entry in New Grove under 'Wilkinson, --' (mentioning
also George Mason and Robert Ramsay). According to New Grove, Wilkinson was
active c 1579-96. Payne, 'Instrumental Music,' pp 132-4, 137; and 'Musical
Establishment,' pp 61-3, 66, suggests that this Wilkinson is identical to the Wilkinson
who appears in Trinity College records from 1609 to 1612. The Wilkinson listed in
the cast of Labyrinthus, 1602-3, as "Citharaedus' or Lute player (Appendix 7), is
probably the same man.
APPENDIX 14 1013
CHA: T.II.I
1614-15
Varnon
Taylor
1615-16
Mead
Taylor
Stuteville
Oxley
1616-17
Stuteville
Mead
Gray
1617-18
Oxley
Mead
Gray
Lynne
Gray
Taylor
Stutevile
Dudley
Exton
Quarles
Turner
Timpler
Tarry
Taylor
1618-19
Oxley
Vernon
Styles
Castell
Gray, senior
Gray, junior
Mead
Ralph
Robert
William
Robert
Thomas
Amor
Thomas
William
Jeremiah
Amor
William
Jeremiah
John
Thomas
Robert
Thomas
Edward
John
Francis
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Amor
Ralph
Jonas
Robert
Jeremiah
Thomas
William
4d
4d
4d
4d
8d
4d
8d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
6d
2d
4d
6d
6d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
2d
4d
[3v]
[9]
[8]
[10]
[17]
19v
f 26
f 30v
f 33v
f21
f 32
f 34v
f 36v
f 38v
f41
f 44v
f 52v
f 55v
f 57
f 59
f 61
f 65v
f 68
f 21v
f 47
f 50v
f 71
f 76v
f 77
f 82v
1014 APPENDIX 14
Gray
Palmer
Apsley
Exton
Dudley
1619-20
Timpler
Styles
Castell
Gray, senior
Mead
Apsley
Dudley
Fane
Osburne
Duke
Poolford
Taylor
Hudleston
Gray
Palmer
1620-1
Timpler
Styles
Castell
Fane
Duke
Poolford
Hudleston
Osburne
Apsley
Ramsey
Dudley
Mead
Gray
Palmer
Gray, junior
Gray, senior
John
Peregrine
Edward
John
Edward
Thomas
Jonas
Robert
Jeremiah
William
Edward
Edward
Thomas
William
John
William
Thomas
William
John
Peregrine
Thomas
JoFlas
Robert
Thomas
John
William
William
William
Edward
William
Richard
William
John
Peregrine
Thomas
Jeremiah
6d
6d
6d
4d
6d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
6d
6d
4d
4d
4d
2d
4d
6d
6d
6d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
NS!
8d
4d
8d
4d
4d
4d
8d
8d
2d
4d
f 87v
f 88
f 93
f 97
f 99
f 63v
f 66v
f 72v
f 79v
f 84
f 95
f 101
f 104v
f 110
f 112
f 115
f l18v
f 123
f 127v
f 128
f 64v
f 67v
f 73v
f 105v
f l13v
f 116
f 125v
f 134v
f 139v
f 142v
f 145v
f 149v
f 152v
f 153
f 155v
f 156
APPENDIX 14 1(315
CHA: T. I 1.2
1621-2
Risley
Timpler
Gray, senior
Langley
Wane
Castell
Ramsey
Dadley
Bolt
Vesey
Duke
Poolford
March
Haggar
Halford, senior
Greene
Carver
Corbet
Lamb, senior
Lamb, junior
Baker
Iermie
Paler
1622-3
Wane
Castell
Haggar
Lamb, senior
Lamb, junior
Corbet
1623-4
Styles
1624-5
Dadley
Bell, junior
Edward
Thomas
Jeremiah
Geoffrey
Thomas
Robert
William
Richard
Gabriel
Henry
John
William
William
John
Andrew
William
John
Edward
Thomas
Robert
John
Robert
William
Thomas
Robert
John
Thomas
Robert
Edward
Jonas
Richard
Robert
6d
6d
6d
NSI
6d
6d
6d
6d
6d
3d
6d
NSI
6d
6d
ls
NSI
6d
NSI
6d
6d
6d
6d
6d
NSI
NSI
NSI
4d
NSI
NSI
8d
6d
6d
f6
f 12
f 14v
f 17
f 18v
f 22
f 25
f 28
f 31v
f 39v
f 42v
f 44v
f 47
f 50v
f 56v
f 57v
f 60
f 62
f 64v
f 68
f 72v
f 75v
f 81
f 19
f 23
f 51v
f 65v
f 69
f 85
f lv
f 29
f 155
1016
APPENDIX 14
CHA: T.II.3
1625-6
Wildbore Zachary NSl f 22v
Private Musical Purchases and Lessons
On behalf of a few students, Mead paid for the purchase and repair of musical instru-
ments, for music books, and, apparently, for music lessons, normally charged at6s
8d per month. Although the musicians who received these payments are not named,
it is likely that the Cambridge waits, among others, supplemented their regular income
by giving private lessons.
For more detail about the private ownership of musical instruments, see Palmer,
'College Dons,' pp 170-2, 186-9; and E.S. Leedham-Green, Books in Cambridge In-
ventories: Book-Lists from Vice-Chancellor's Court Probate Inventories in the Tudor
and Stuart Periods, vol 2 (Cambridge, 1986), 826.
Thomas Stuteville's Expenses CHA: T. II.I
1615-16
f [16v]
Musitian
(First term)
068
f [17] (Second term )
Musitian a month
036
1616-17
f 25 (First term)
Mendingof aviol
mending his bow
Seven knot of stringe
A case for them
026
014
012
004
35
38/A case corrected from 2 cases
APPENDIX 14
Edward Gray's Expenses CHA : T. 11.3
1626-7
f 72 (Thirdterm)
Musitian for month ending lune 29
(Fourth term)
Musitian month end Iuly
68
68
1021
Io
Charles Tasborough "s Expenses CHA: T. 11.3
1626-7
f 81v (Third term)
A viol
Strings & bookes
Musitian month end April 30
Knotts of viol strings
f 82v
Musitian month end May 28
Strings h
(Fourth term)
Musitian for month end [luly 14] lune 25 & 3 weeks
Iuly 14
160
013
068
010
068
016
0118
15
2O
25
3O
35
1627-8
f 83v (First term )
Musitian month ending October 22
068
1022
APPENDIX 14
f 84v
Musitian for a month November 19
Musitian for a month December 15
(Second term)
Musitian for month end February 25
f 85v
Musitian month March 24
Violl strings
ooo
f97v (Thirdterm)
Musick April121 a month
068
068
Cressy Tasborough's Expenses
1626-7
f 82 (Third term )
A Viol
Strings & booke
Musitian month April130
f 83
Musitian month end May 28
strings
ooo
CHA: T. 11.3
068
APPENDIX 14
(Fourth term)
Musitian a month & 3 weeks
ooo
011
1023
8
1627-8
f84 (Firstterm)
Musitian for month ending October 22
f 85
Musitian for a month end November 19
ooo
Musitian December 15
O6
068
068
10
15
(Second term)
Musitian
06
2O
f 85v
Musitian for month March 24
ooo
Viol-strings h p
ooo
06
O0
8
f 98 (Third term )
Musick a month Aprill 21
68
3O
Justinianlsham'sExpenses CHA: T.11.3
1626-7
f 89v (Fourth term)
o.o
Musitian for ye month ending luly 21
.oo
068
35
4O
26/h p for half pair (?)
APPENDIX 15
Music in Cambridge Plays
Music was an important element in Cambridge plays. Generally, students seem to have
sung the vocal parts, while the Cambridge waits supplied instrumental music; in the
case of Thomas Holmes, however, the composer, also a noted baritone, sang the song
himself. In this appendix are recorded five play manuscripts with notated music and
one whose tunes are named in the text. At the end of the appendix is a discussion of
notated instrumental music, including a 'Musical Ghost.'
Notated Music in Play Texts
Notated music for college plays survives in five manuscripts (see Appendix 13 for more
on the individual composers):
1/ BL: Harley 2412, f 75v (pencil foliation): Preces deo, by "Mr Bird,' for Thomas
Legge's Richardus Tertius, performed 1578-9. Photographic reproduction in Robert
J. Lordi (ed), Thomas Legge's Richardus Tertius (New York, 1979), 539. Attributed
to William Byrd the composer by New Grove. Not edited.
2/ Bodl.: Douce 234, f 15: music for Silvanus, performed 13 January 1597. Two
staves; no text underlay. Composer not identified. Not edited.
3/ BL: Add. 10338 (autograph score-book): songs by George Jeffreys for Peter
Hausted, The Rival Friends, performed 19 March 1632. Catalogued in Augustus
Hughes-Hughes (ed), Catalogue of Manuscript Musicin the British Museum, vol 2:
Secular Vocal Music (London, 1908), 228. These songs were incorrectly attributed to
Henry Lawes by Edward F. Rimbault in his edition of Purcell's Bonduca in Publi-
cations of the MusicalAntiquarian Society, 2 (1842), 11. All five songs are edited by
Peter Aston, 'George Jeffreys and the English Baroque,' University of York thesis,
1970. Three songs have been edited by Ian Spink in 'English Songs: 1625-1660,'
Musica Britannica, 33 (London, 1971), 153-61 : these are 'Drowsy Phoebus," 'Have
pity, grief,' and 'Cruel! but once again.'
1026 APPENDIX 15
4/ BL: Add. 11608: Song by Thomas Holmes for Thomas Randolph, The Jealous
Lovers, performed 20 March 1632. Catalogued in Hughes-Hughes (ed), Catalogue,
vol 2, p 226. Not edited.
f18
Oberon. (or) ye Madmans songe./
Sung in a Comedy at Cambridge before ye King, & Queene. by ye
Author./
10
5/ CUL: Dd. 3.73, ff 23-3v: song for William Johnson, Valetudinarium, performed
6 February 1638. Music for act 4, scene 9. Composer unknown. Song is 'Dulcis somne
qui perduras." Sung by Jasper Whitehead, who played the part of Cordelia. Not
edited.
Songs to Familiar Tunes
Fu cus Histriomastix (1622-3), apparently by Robert Ward, contains numerous songs
in Latin, whose tunes are indicated in Lambeth MS 838. Most of the songs were sung
by Peter Vincent, who played the role of Villanus. The performance also included
instrumental music, morris dances, and a jig. A poem describing the performance of
the play at Newmarket about 13 March 1623 reveals - if the poet is telling the truth -
that the students forgot their bells at Cambridge and had to make do with borrowed
bells for the morris (Appendix 5).
Music and dance in the play are discussed by G.C. Moore Smith, in the Introduction
to his edition (see Appendix 6:1). In the following list of songs, the page numbers
are those in Smith's edition, which should be consulted for his notes. Smith refers
to William Chappell, The Ballad Literature and Popular Music of the Olden Time
(London, 1859; rpt New York, 1965), which contains many of the tunes and adis-
cussion of the cushion dance, source of the phrase "Prinkum-prankum' (p 153), cited
both in the play and in the poem on the play. The tunes of songs marked by an asterisk
may be found in Claude M. Simpson, The British Broadside Ballad and its Music(New
Brunswick, New Jersey, 1966).
*As I went to Walsingham (p 16)
Yee ladies of ye court corn downe & take your places (p 16)
*Fortune my foe why doest thou frowne on me? (p 17)
*As at noone Dulcina rested (p 17)
APPENDIX 16
Cambridge Playwrights
The following playwrights can be associated with Cambridge, either as graduates, or
at least as sometime students. Following each name is the college and admission date
where known, along with one of three reference works: E.K. Chambers, Mediaeval
Stage, abbreviated MS (names accessible through index in vol 2); Chambers,
Elizabethan Stage, abbreviated/ss (names given in alphabetical order in vol 3); and
Bentley, Jacobean and Caroline Stage, abbreviated Jcs (names given in alphabetical
order in vols 3-5). All playwrights are also listed in the o//3, with the exceptions of
Ainsworth, Barret, Jones, Mason, and Mease. For information recorded in Venn, see
University Index.
This list excludes members of the university who are known or thought to have
written college plays (see Index, under Playwrights, College). An exception is made
for Thomas Nash, however, because his Cambridge plays are somewhat ephemeral
and, more important, because of his stature among professional playwrights. Bentley,
Jcs, vol 5, p 1240, speculates that John Webster may conceivably be identical with
the person of that name who matriculated at St John's College in 1585 but took no
degree; this speculation, however, has been deemed too tenuous to justify Webster's
inclusion in this list.
For more detailed information on connections between university life and profes-
sional playwrights, see G.C. Moore Smith, 'Marlowe at Cambridge,' Modem
Language Review, 4 (1909), 167-77; Kenneth Mildenberger, 'Robert Greene at
Cambridge,' MtN, 66 (1951), 546-9; and Johnstone Parr, 'Robert Greene and his
Classmates at Cambridge,' PMtA, 77 (1962), 536-43.
Name College Adm Ref
Ainsworth, William EM 1622
Ashton, Thomas TC 1555 /S
Bacon, Francis TC 1573 /S
Bale, John JE c 1518 ? MS
Barret, John sJ 1615 cs
Belchier, Daubridgcourt cc 1597 cs
APPENDIX 16 1029
Calfhill, James
Campion, Thomas
Cavendish, William
Cokayne, Aston
Day, John
Devereux, Robert
Fane, Mildmay
Fletcher, John
Gascoigne, George
Glapthorne, Henry
Greene, Robert
Greville, Fulke
Grimald, Nicholas
Hawkins, William
Heywood, Thomas
Hughes, Thomas
Ingelend, Thomas
Jones, John
Marlowe, Christopher
Mason, John
Mease, Peter
Medwall, Henry
Milton, John
Nash, Thomas
Norton, Thomas
Nuce, Thomas
Preston, Thomas
Quarles, Francis
Radcliffe, Ralph
Shirley, James
Spenser, Edmund
Studley, John
Suckling, John
KC
PH ?
SJ
TC ?
GC
TC
EM
CC
TC ?
CC
SJ
JE
CH
CH
EM or PH ?
QU
CH ?
QU ?
CC
GC
IE
KC
CH
SJ
MH?
PH
KC
CH
JE
SC
PB
TC
TC
1545
c 1583
1608 (MA)
1624 ?
1592
1577
1618
1591
c 1552
1624
1575
1568
1536 ?
1619
1591
1571
1520 ?
1632 ?
1581
1596
1614
1480
1625
1582
1544 ?
1559
1553
1605-6 ?
1533 ?
1615
1569
1563
1623
ES
ES
JCS
JCS
JCS
ES
JCS
JCS
ES
JCS
ES
ES
MS
JCS
JCS
ES
ES
JCS
ES
JCS
JCS
MS
JCS
ES
ES
ES
ES
JCS
MS
JCS
ES
ES
JCS
APPENDIX 17
Synopsis of February 1611
Riot
The following synopsis is intended to summarize in chronological order the chief
incidents leading up to, constituting, and following directly from the great riot
between St John's and Trinity Colleges on Wednesday and Thursday, 6-7 February
1611. Although most of the events are summarized without qualifying language, it
must be kept in mind that the evidence consists almost exclusively of personal - hence
partial - depositions. Matters in serious dispute are here attributed to a particular
individual or college.
Many incidents were described by more than one witness. Page references are not
supplied for incidents confined to individuals who may be traced through the Indexes.
Page references are supplied where incidents are not tied to individuals or must be
reconstructed from incomplete but complementary depositions. No attempt has been
made to supply exhaustive cross-references for particular incidents.
Events Preceding the Riot
Before Christmas stones were laid in a heap in Garret Hostel (p 445).
On Twelfth Night (5 January) Robert Brooke (sJ) borrowed stage keepers' suits
from Trinity College for St John's College lottery; Brooke told Robert Cotton (TC)
that if St John's men were kept out of Trinity College comedy, there would be 'as
greate a doe or stirre as ever was in the vniversitye' (pp 436-7).
In mid-January Nicholas Augur (s J), tossing his gown upon his shoulder, struck
Thomas Coote (TC) on the face: Augur and John Sotheby (sJ) then quarrelled with
Coote and Nicholas Serle (TC), later with Simon Floyd (ac) and Richard Dorrington
(TC) (p 454).
In late January William Whaley, Henry Cooper, Gabriel Rowles, and John
Thompson, all of St John's, were together at the Sun Inn, where John Winter
announced that if the Cooper brothers should come to the Trinity College comedy,
'they would be soe beaten they would be neere spoyled'; his threats also encompassed
St John's men in general (pp 443, 464-5).
In early February Robert Mason (s3) warned Henry Donhalt (TC), along with
Cheyney Roe (-rc), that St John's would be prepared for a fight (pp 463-4, 481). About
APPENDIX 17 1031
the same time, the stones were moved from Garret Hostel: witnesses for St John's
claimed that the stones were laid up in Trinity College tower for subsequent use as
missiles, but John Muncaster testified that Winge the paver told him that they were
carried into King's College to be laid as paving (pp 425, 432-3, 445).
On 5 February (Shrove Tuesday) Nicholas Carr (s J) was warned by his brother
William (TC) not to go abroad to the comedy the following night (for fear of stones):
'none but masters of Artes would be suffered to come in' (p 438).
The First Riot: Ash Wednesday, 6 February
About noon Thomas Wilkinson (TC) and Henry Scarrack (s0 met at Halliwell's barber
shop, where they discussed impending trouble (pp 436, 438-9). Scarrack told
Wilkinson that St John's men had prepared themselves with long clubs (p 436). Later
that day, Wilkinson, dining with Robert Dawson and Arthur Hutton, both of St
John's, asked them to warn Cooper not to come to the Trinity College comedy that
night (pp 438-9).
Late in the afternoon Trinity College stage keepers treated kindly those playgoers
who came to the college from the south by way of Great St Mary's Church; but they
offered rough treatment to those coming from the north by way of St John's (pp 426,
439). The stage keepers included the following, all members of Trinity College except
Daniel Boyes, a townsman:
Benjamin Aldred, in a green suit with white puffs and a blue cap
Edward Andrewes
Francis Chamberlayne
Thomas Coote, in a white frieze jerkin
Edward Dillacre
Thomas Heath, in a white suit with red guards and a hat the first night, a helmet the
second
Thomas Linge, in a russet gown and a mask
Edmund Marcelline (called Marston in error on p 462?)
William Neville, in a dark horseman's coat and steel cap
Humphrey Rone
George Stanhope
James Twisleton
William Wart
Daniel Boyes, bookbinder, son-in-law of Jarmin Ward
About 5:00 pm John Elborrough (sJ), unarmed, was linked (ie, struck with a torch)
by a stage keeper wearing a light-colored kersey suit decorated with light lace.
Elborrough was then cut on the hand and arm by another stage keeper dressed in a
1034 APPENDIX 17
The Second Riot: Thursday, 7 February
At 2:00 pm Mason (s) was warned by Edward Goldingham (rc) not to attend the
comedy that night.
At 4:00 pm Palmer (s) brought a naked sword, which he had received from
Benjamin Chylde (c, ?), through the streets (one of which was Petty Cury).
At 5:00 pm the following incidents occurred, all the victims being from St John's:
- Goldingham (TC), keeping the main gate of Trinity College locked, forced playgoers
to enter through the gate on the Caius College side.
- Osborne (s-0 was linked and felled by a stage keeper wearing a red suit laced with
white and a steel cap.
- Thomas Bagly was linked and felled by a stage keeper wearing a white suit and a
steel cap (Heath?), and by another in a reddish suit (Linge?).
- Mason, conducted to the hall by one stage keeper, was linked by another.
- John Williams, John Grace, and Laurence Burnell had difficulty getting into Trinity
College hall. The first two were searched against their will by Stanhope (TC); Burnell
was finally admitted by Stanhope.
- Jeremiah Hoult and Thomas Cecil also had difficulty getting into Trinity College
hall.
- Augur was assaulted as he went down the hall stairs after the comedy ended.
- Henry Cooper was wrongly accused by William Ward (TC).
On or about Monday, 10 February the first depositions were taken. Further
depositions were submitted on Tuesday, 11 February when St John's College
submitted its bill of complaint. The bill of complaint alleged that attempts had been
made to suborn John Kinge and Smarte, evidently porters of St John's, in the chamber
of Thomas Kemp (rc); Kinge deposed that Kemp had offered him money to name
those he saw during the riot. The St John's bill also alleged that Robert Slegge had
been 'sent for' to the chamber of William Hall (rc); Slegge deposed that he had been
sent for and 'examined' by Hall about events during the riot.
APPENDIX 18
Saints' Days and Festivals
While the following table is hardly a substitute for a full saints' calendar, it does contain
the dates for all the festivals to which reference is made in the entries collected for
this volume. For the exact dates of movable feasts, the reader is referred to the tables
in C.R. Cheney's Handbook of Dates for Students of English History, pp 84-161.
All Hallows (All Saints')
Ascension
Ash Wednesday
Blessed Virgin Mary
Annunciation
Assumption
Conception
Nativity
Purification
Visitation
Candlemas
Childermas
Christmas
Circumcision
Corpus Christi
Easter
Epiphany
Fastingham
Hallowmas
Hock Monday
Hock Tuesday
Holy Innocents
Lady Day
Lent
Michaelmas
1 November
Thursday after fifth Sunday after Easter
first day of Lent; forty days before Easter
25 March
15 August
8 December
8 September
2 February
2July
see Blessed Virgin Mary, Purification
see Holy Innocents
25 December
1 January
movable:Thursday after Trinity Sunday
movable: 22 March to 25 April
6January
see Shrove Tuesday
see All Hallows
second Monday after Easter
second Tuesday after Easter
28 December
see Blessed Virgin Mary, Annunciation
the forty days before Easter, beginning
with Ash Wednesday
see St Michael
1036 APPENDIX 18
New Year's Day
Pen tecost
Relic Sunday
St Agatha
St Bartholomew
St Catharine
St Edmund, king and martyr
St Hugh
St James
St John the Baptist, nativity
St John the Evangelist
St John before the Latin Gate
St Margaret
St Martin
St Mary Magdalene
St Matthew
St Michael
St Nicholas
translation
Sts Peter and Paul
St Paul, beheading
St Stephen, protomartyr
St Thomas Becket
Shrovetide
Shrove Tuesday
Trinity Sunday
Twelfth Night
Whitsunday
1 January
seventh Sunday after Easter
first Sunday after 7July
5 February
24 August
25 November
20 November
17 November
25July
24June
27 December
6May
20July
11 November or 4July
22July
21 September
29 September
6 December
9 May
29June
30June
26 December
29 December
Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday before Lent
Tuesday before Ash Wednesday
Sunday after Pentecost
5January
see Pentecost
Royal Celebrations
Elizabeth I, accession
James I, accession
Gunpowder Conspiracy Day
Charles I, accession
17 November (1558)
24 March (1603)
5 November (1605)
27 March (1625)
Church Dedication Feasts
The dedication feast of Little St Mary's was moved in 1383 from the Saturday after
All Saints' Day to 11 July (Ely Diocesan Records); all references cited in the Records
are to the latter date. The dedication feast for Great St Mary's was apparently held
in the week of 28 June to 4 July in 1364-5, but in the week of 16-22 May in 1365-6;
APPENDIX 18 1037
possibly the parish plays of 30 June (feast of St Paul) and 1 July in 1499-1500 and
1500-1 respectively were similarly performed for the dedication feast (Records). The
dedication feast of Holy Trinity was moved to 9 October in 1376 (Cooper, vol i,
p 113).
University Ceremonies
The bachelors' commencement consisted of two acts, the 'First Act' occurring a month
before Ash Wednesday, the 'Latter Act' on Ash Wednesday itself. The general or
masters' commencement was usually held on the first Tuesday in July.
Principal Town Fairs
The following town fairs were established by 1279:
Reach Fair: Monday of Rogation Week (ie, Monday before Ascension Day); held at
Reach, ten miles north-east of Cambridge.
Midsummer Fair: 22-5 June; held on Greencroft, renamed Midsummer Green in
1501, now called Midsummer Common.
Sturbridge Fair: 24 August-29 September (from at least 1516); held on Sturbridge
Common.
APPENDIX 19 1039
pedant/us.
Illustration from Pedantius, src: 19524, following title-page (reproduced by permission of The
Huntington Library, San Marino, California)
1040 APPENDIX 19
Illustration from Ignoramus, s'c: 21445, facing title-page (reproduced by permission of The
Huntington Library, San Marino, California)
APPENDIX 19 1041
PROLOGVE
AND
EPILOGVE
TO
k C 0 M E D I Eo
P RtJS E N'B D ,
]it te Emtertaimrnent o t Pr
LONDOM:
Our lgnotanc our duty too we Cm,
i would all ignat people oold do fo-
At other times exlg our wit orArt,
The Ccdy L5 aed by tlw hug.
THE
Prologue and Epilogue from The Guardian, Wing: C6673, title-page and sig A3 (reproduced
by permission of The Huntington Library, San Marino, California)
Translations
ABIGAIL ANN YOUNG
The Latin documents have been translated as literally as possible in order to help the
reader understand what the documents say. The order of records in the translations
parallels that of records in the original. Place-names and given names have been nor-
malized but surnames have not. However, names of patrons appearing in the Complete
Peerage, or the History of Parliament series, or the DtV/, are standardized according
to the spellings of the applicable authority. Spellings of the surnames of patrons not
found in these standard sources but which are variants of surnames found in the
patrons' index are standardized to the spelling given in that index. All other surnames
are left in the spelling of the text. Where English names which might be interpreted
as either surnames or first names are followed by Latin occupation titles, those
occupation titles have been assumed to be descriptions rather than names; thus
'Matheus ioculator" has been treated as 'Matthew, a jester' rather than 'Mathew Jester.'
Capitalization and punctuation are in accordance with modern practice.
As in the text, diamond brackets indicate obliterations and square brackets cancel-
lations. Round brackets enclose words not in the Latin text but needed for grammatical
sense in English. In the translations of account entries, words also appear in these
round brackets to represent the subject and verb known to be governing each entry.
These governing phrases, for example 'Fees' or 'Necessary expenses,' were usually
written out in full only a few times, at the beginning of each account heading or sub-
heading; they were not repeated for each item. |t appears that once a corporate body
found a set of formulae which fitted its needs, it tended to repeat those formulae year
after year, despite changes of accountants or auditors, who doubtless copied them
from earlier account books.
Not all the Latin in the text has been translated here. Latin tags, formulae, headings,
or other short sections in largely English documents are either translated in footnotes
ornot at all. Individual documents which consist of a single line, or other very short
entries, especially those that are part of repetitive annual series, are not translated,
unless they present some unusual syntactic or semantic problem. All Latin vocabulary
not found in the standard Latin dictionary, the Oxford Latin Dictionary, is found in
the glossary.
1044 TRA NSLATIONS
The practice, introduced in REED'S Devon volume, of using stock translation equi-
valents for player and performance terms is continued. It has proved more desirable
to discuss the full range of possible meanings for these terms in the glossary than to
attempt to indicate them in the translations. A list of terms which can serve as equi-
valents to these technical Latin words, while neither unduly widening nor restricting
the range of possible meanings which ought to be represented, has been devised and
appears below. Translation equivalents are also used for standard academic or legal
terminology, or to establish stock translations which may distinguish Latin
synonyms, where it seems appropriate.
The translation of Cambridge records is complicated in two ways. The first is the
apparent absence of one single official title in Latin for the city waits. They are
designated by various performer terms, such as 'histrio,' 'mimus,'or 'fustulator. 'This
Latin usage creates a certain awkwardness in official documents, such as the receipt
of pledges for the waits' badges, where an occupational designation would seem to
be more appropriate than a performer term. The policy of literal translation is followed
here as elsewhere. The second complication is the nature of the communities whose
records are translated here. The university and its constituent colleges form one of
the places in medieval and early modern England in which a translator can fairly sup-
pose a familiarity with classical Latin usage from a comparatively early date, including
a familiarity with the classical denotations and connotations of such words as 'histrio'
and 'mimus.' Although there is no clear or direct evidence that these words were used
in their classical Latin rather than their Anglo-Latin senses, the possibility cannot not
be completely disregarded in reading the records. Since there is no way unobtrusively
to indicate such a possibility in the translations, it is mentioned as a caveat here.
In the list below are some common Latin performer terms used in Cambridge with
their English equivalents. For a full discussion of the performer terms, see the trans-
lator's article in REED Newsletter 9:2 (1984) and 10:1 (1985), 'Plays and Players: The
Latin Terms for Performance,' and consult the glossary.
fistulator piper
histrio entertainer
ioculator jester
ludator player
lusor player
mimus performer
ministrallus minstrel
tibicen piper
tubicen trumpeter
TRANSLATIONS 1342--50 1045
1342--3
King's Hall Accounts 1 TCA
f 59* (External expenses)
... Likewise 2 s given John Eccles on Christmas. Likewise 8 d to John
Pyper. Likewise 4 d to Simon Gyterner .... Likewise 2 d for our
parishioners dancing ....
1343-4
Peterhouse Statutes
nf*
PHA
... Lest scholars embroil themselves in unsuitable things: registered.
Since the seeds of the virtues cannot bring forth fragrant fruit unless
the vices are first torn up by their roots, we, as a prohibition, order
the aforesaid scholars in our aforesaid university not to frequent public
houses or any other unsuitable places, not to wander without reason
through the streets and open (market) places, not to engage in secular
transactions forbidden to clerics, to abstain from drunkenness and
intoxication as is right, not to watch jesters or entertainers in public,
not by any means to presume to be present at stage plays or public
shows of mockeries in churches, a theatre, or racecourses or other
public places unless they should perhaps be present for a short time
for relaxation while decency is preserved, nor to take part in them
personally, nor bear arms to disturb the peace, contrary to canonical
sanctions, lest by these things the decency of scholars be besmirched
with a threat to souls and bodies and a deadly example and a scandal
to the entire house, which things are very often accustomed to arise
from such mockeries, but to occupy themselves in scholarly actions
and in good manners to such a degree that the fragrant herald of their
good reputation be diffused to an even better effect and shine forth
daily more clearly ....
1349-50
King's Hall Accounts 1 TCA
f 132 (Expenses incurred)
...Likewise 5 d for minstrels and clerics on Christmas ....
1046 TRANSLATIONS 1349--53
f 132v (Expenses incurred by Henry de Wykylwod)
...Likewise 4 d for a gift for entertainers ....
f 133" (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 12 d given entertainers on the feast of Corpus Christi ....
Likewise 18 d given entertainer/s on the dedication feast of blessed
Mary's church ....
Corpus Christi Guild Minutes CCA : Masters N1
f Iv*
o.o
Robert le Pipere and Alice his wife, John Pipere, Thomas Pipere, and
Imania his wife entered the confraternity by a settlement of one mark
and a wax payment.
They paid one mark to Simon They paid all to Simon.
Likewise on expenses for the procession, in all 56 s 10 d (were spent).
Likewise 9 d (were) paid John Sekersteyn for visors.
1350-1
King's Hall Accounts I ]'CA
f 146v (Expenses incurred)
... For entertainers, 2 s 9 d .... In the thirty-first (week) for entertainers,
7d ....
f 148v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 21 d given entertainers on the same day ....
1352-3
Corpus Christi Guild Minutes
f 8*
CCA ." Masters N 1
William de Lenne, skinner, and Isabel, his wife, entered the
confraternity and gave one mark for alms, and 12 d for wax, and he
(the treasurer?) spent on the play of the sons of Israel a half mark or
they paid a half mark and have a day for payment (of the rest?) before
TRANSLATIONS 1352-62 1047
the feast of St Matthew the Apostle. They paid the wax at the time
of (their) entry. They paid all to Hardy.
1354-5
King's Hall Accounts 1 TCA
f 169 (Expenses)
...Likewise 2 s given entertainers on Christmas .... Likewise for the
entertainers ( ........ ) ....
f 171 (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise on the dedication day of the aforesaid church 2 d (were
spent) on minstrel/s and rushes and for beer ....
1356-7
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 3v (External expenses)
6 d paid minstrel/s on the feast of All Saints. Likewise 4 d .... Likewise
12 d for one minstrel .... Likewise 6 d for an entertainer .... Likewise
2 d for minstrel/s. Likewise 8 d given a waferer and for one minstrel ....
1361-2
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 52v (Expenses incurred)
... Likewise 12 d for two entertainers of Lord de Neville and 6 d for
their meals ....
f 53 (Expenses incurred)
... Likewise 12 d given an entertainer. Likewise on another occasion,
12d ....
f 57 (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 18 d for minstrels ....
1048 TRANSLATIONS ! 362--3
1362-3
King's Hall Accounts 2
f 71v* (Expenses incurred)
...Likewise 10 d for entertainers on the same day .... Likewise 11 d
for meals for two entertainers and a laundress, that is, on All Saints'
Day .... Likewise 18 d for entertainers on St Edmund the King's
Day .... Likewise 2 s for a common entertainer (ie, a town
entertainer) .... Likewise 61/2 d in the fifteenth week for meals for a
laundress and one entertainer .... Likewise S d for an entertainer's
meals ....
f 72
... Likewise 6 d for two entertainers' meals .... Likewise 4 d given some
entertainer .... Likewise 9 d in the thirty-fourth week, that is, in the
week of Pentecost, on three entertainers' meals at 1 d; and 6 d for two
(entertainers') meals another day .... Likewise 2 s 4 d given three
entertainers.
f 72v
... Likewise 6 d given some entertainer .... Likewise 3 d for two loaves
and beer sent to one sick entertainer .... Likewise 3 s 4 d given three
entertainers of Lord Lionel, and 8 d for the meals of the same with
a household servant .... Likewise 11 s 11 I/2 d for various meals prepared
during the entire autumn, that is, for barber/s, a laundress,
entertainers, turf-cutters bearing turfs (or brush ?), and others coming
in from outside ....
f 73v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 14 d for two entertainers' meals on the same day and the
following day. Likewise 2 s in silver given them .... Likewise 2 d for
meals for those dancing from the same parish. [Likewise 8 d for three
entertainers' meals, together with a household servant, on Sunday.
Likewise 3 s 4 d given Lord Lionel's entertainers.]...
f 79v (John Cheyne's expenses)
... And 14 d for an entertainer's [and (his) son's] meals .... And 4 s 11A d
TRANSLATIONS 1362-5
for meals for various entertainers and others coming in from outside
in the same week ....
1049
1364-5
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 97 (External expenses)
... Likewise 6 d for an entertainer's meals [and] for his son .... Likewise
12 d given entertainers on St Edmund's Day .... Likewise 6 d for two
entertainers' meals .... Likewise 8 d given minstrel/s on the eve of St
Catharine .... Likewise S d in the twelfth week for two entertainers'
meals. Likewise 6 d given the same .... Likewise 2 d for meals for those
dancing. Likewise 6 d for entertainers' meals. Likewise 8 d given the
same. Likewise 2 s 8 d given minstrels at Christmas on various
occasions .... Likewise 161/2 d in the fifteenth week for meals for
barber/s, a laundress, and outsiders dancing .... Likewise 20 d given
entertainers on Epiphany Day ....
f 97v
In the seventeenth week for a minstrel's meals, 3 d .... Likewise 12 d
paid an entertainer, that is, for wages .... Likewise 4 d for two
entertainers' meals .... Likewise 3 d for an entertainer's meals ....
Likewise 6 d for two entertainers' meals. Likewise 2 s given the
same .... Likewise 15 d for five entertainers' meals on the dedication
day of All Saints' Church. Likewise 20 d given the same. Likewise
6 d for meals for those dancing .... Likewise 6 d for two minstrels'
meals ....
f 98
... Likewise 18 d for four entertainers' meals at dinner and at supper
for one day ....
f 99v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 11 d in the fortieth week, that is, on the dedication feast
of the said church of blessed Mary for entertainers' meals. Likewise
3 s given the same ....
1050 TRANSLATIONS 1365--7
1365-6
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 121 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 4 d given an entertainer .... Likewise 2 d for one
entertainer's meals .... Likewise 12 d given some entertainer ....
Likewise 3 d (were spent) on one entertainer's meals .... Likewise
12 d given an entertainer .... Likewise [7 s] 4 s given entertainers on
various occasions .... Likewise 12 d for meals for various entertainers
and others [entertainers] coming in from outside .... Likewise 19,6 d
for meals for three entertainers and others coming in from outside.
Likewise 2 s given the same entertainers .... Likewise 8 d for meals for
a barber and some entertainer .... Likewise 12 d given some
entertainer .... Likewise 4 d given some entertainer .... Likewise 7 d for
some entertainer's meals ....
f 121v
... Likewise 4 d for two entertainers' meals .... Likewise first in the
thirty-fourth week 2 s 9Vz d for entertainers' meals on the dedication
day ....
f 122
... Likewise 2 d for one entertainer's meals ....
1366-7
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 138v (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 4 d for some entertainer's meals .... Likewise 3 d for two
entertainers' meals ....
f 139
...Likewise 12 d given one entertainer ....
f 143v* (John Cheyne's expenses)
...And for two entertainers' meals, 61/ d ....
TRANSLATIONS 1370-83 1051
1370--1
King's Hall Accounts 2 TCA
f 149v (Expenses incurred for meals)
...(Likewise on) entertainers' meals, 6 d .... Likewise 12 d given
entertainers .... Likewise 2 d given an entertainer .... Likewise 14 d paid
[one] two entertainers .... Likewise 7 d (were spent) on meals for seven
entertainers .... Likewise [for] 18 d paid entertainers ....
1377-8
King's Hall Accounts 3 TCA
f 124v* (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 2 s for three performers for their salary .... Likewise 12 d
for one jester. Likewise 12 d for performers .... Likewise 12 d for one
minstrel .... Likewise 12 d paid performers.
f 125 (Common meals)
...Likewise 10 d for performers .... Likewise 6 d for performers ....
Likewise 6 d for performers. Likewise 7 d for some jester .... Likewise
3 d for the minstrel. Likewise 14 d for performers and for Rudham ....
For a performer, 2 d .... Likewise 2 d for minstrel/s .... Likewise 2 d
for one performer.
1382-3
King's Hall Accounts 3 TCA
f 11 Iv* (Common meals)
... Likewise 15 d for five entertainers on the same day .... Likewise 4 d
for entertainers .... Likewise 5 d for Bokenham, a minstrel, with
household servant/s .... Likewise 4 d for minstrel/s .... Likewise [3 d]
12 d (were spent) on entertainers .... Likewise 11/2 d for minstrel/s ....
Likewise 8 d for four minstrels .... Likewise 6 d for three minstrels ....
Likewise 9 d for bedells and a performer ....
f 112
...Likewise 11/2 d for one minstrel ....
1052 TRANSLATIONS 1382-7
f 112v (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 18 d paid three entertainers for (their) salary on
Christmas .... Likewise 12 d for minstrels .... Likewise 12 d given
entertainers .... Likewise 6 d given the king's apeward ....
1383-4
King's Hall Accounts 3
f 97 (Common meals)
TCA
...2 d for entertainers .... Likewise 3 s 4 d for minstrel/s .... Likewise
8 d for minstrel/s and a waferer. Likewise 8 d for minstrel/s ....
Likewise 4 d for minstrel/s ....
f 98 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for three entertainers .... Likewise 16 d for
entertainers .... Likewise 16 d for minstrel/s and waferers ....
f 99 (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 3 s for meals and entertainers ....
1385-6
King's Hall Accounts 3 TCA
f 86v (Supplementary expenses)
... [Likewise 8 d (were spent) on three entertainers.]... Likewise 20 d
given minstrel/s .... Likewise 12 d for minstrel/s ....
f 87 (Common meals)
... Likewise 8 d (were spent) on three entertainers .... Likewise 12 d for
three entertainers .... Likewise 5 d for minstrel/s .... Likewise 6 d for
minstrel/s .... Likewise 3 d for Craner, a minstrel .... For minstrel/s,
8 d .... Likewise 4 d for minstrel/s ....
1386-7
King's Hall Accounts 3 TCA
f 58v* (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 4 d given the king and clerk of All Saints' (parish) on the
TRANSLATIONS 1386-9 1053
feast of St Edmund .... Likewise 4 d (were spent) on the feast of St
Nicholas for the (boy-)bishop of All Saints' (parish) .... Likewise 8 d
given performers .... Likewise 18 d given pipers .... Likewise 16 d given
two minstrels and one waferer .... Likewise payment was made to
some performer, 12 d. Likewise to another performer, 12 d ....
Likewise 22 d (were spent) on entertainers ....
f 59 (Common meals)
... Likewise 6 d for three performers on the feast of St Hugh. Likewise
2 s (were spent) on the feast of St Edmund together with the three
preceding days for three performers .... Likewise 4 d for two pipers ....
Likewise 10 d for minstrel/s and (a) waferer .... Likewise 12 d for three
minstrels .... Likewise 6 d (were spent) on performers .... Likewise 12 d
for three jesters .... Likewise 9 d for three performers. Likewise 3 d
for [three] two other performers. Likewise 9 d for three performers ....
f 61" (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 10 d for the king's meals on the feast of St Edmund with
(his) maidservant. Likewise 6 d 2 d (ie, 8 d?) given the king and clerk
of the same church .... Likewise 8 d (were spent) on the feast of St
Nicholas for the (boy-)bishop of the church of blessed Mary. Likewise
3 d. Likewise 3 d ....
1387-8
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 3 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 8 d for performers .... Likewise 12 d for performers ....
(Common meals)
...Likewise 4 d for two entertainers .... Likewise 4 d for three
performers .... Likewise 2 d (were spent) on performers .... Likewise
4 d for performers ....
1388-9
King's Hall Accounts 3 XCt
f 34 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 12 d for entertainers rof the town at Christmas time for
an offering .... Likewise 2 s for entertainers on the same day ....
1054 TRANSLATIONS 1388-91
Likewise 4 d for entertainers. Likewise 2 d for entertainers .... Likewise
12 d paid entertainers. [Likewise for entertainers] Likewise 2 s paid
entertainers.
(Common meals)
ooo
...On entertainers, 8 d ....
f 35 (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 9 d for entertainers on the dedication feast. Likewise 12 d
paid entertainers on the same day ....
1389-90
King's Hall Accounts 3 TCA
f 7 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d for an entertainer .... Likewise 12 d for an
entertainer .... Likewise 2 s (were spent) on an offering for
entertainers .... Likewise 2 s for entertainers on the dedication of St
Mary's Church .... Likewise 2 s for [those dancing] the reward of
laymen playing ....
(Common meals)
... Likewise 8 d for entertainers .... Likewise 2 s 1 d for entertainers ....
Likewise 6 d for an entertainer .... Likewise 8 d for entertainers'
dinner .... Likewise 12 d for entertainers .... Likewise 3 s for
entertainers ....
f 7v
... Likewise 3 d for entertainers .... Likewise 12 d for one entertainer
(were spent) on meals .... 2 s (were spent) on entertainers .... Likewise
6 d for entertainers ....
1390-1
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 92" (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 6 d for three entertainers for one day .... Likewise ( .......
for entertainers .... Likewise 20 d for players. Likewise 4 d collected
TRANSLATIONS 1390-5
1055
for the players .... Likewise 2 s for entertainers of the town .... Likewise
2 s for entertainers. Likewise 8 d for din(ner) for entertainers ....
Likewise 4 d for one player ....
f 93* (Common meals)
...Likewise 6 d for entertainers of the town .... Likewise 2 s for
entertainers for dinner .... Likewise 6 d for entertainers ....
1393-4
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 21 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d for entertainers for an offering .... Likewise 6 d for
three entertainers' dinner on the dedication day ....
f 22 (Common meals)
...Likewise 9 d (were spent) on entertainers' dinner ....
1394-5
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 58 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 20 d for three entertainers on the feast of the Purification
of blessed Mary. Likewise 4 d for players .... Likewise 4 d for those
dancing on the dedication day .... 20 d (were spent) on players.
Likewise 8 d (were spent) on players ....
(Common meals)
...Likewise 2 d (were spent) on one entertainer's dinner .... 8 d (were
spent) on two entertainers' dinner. Likewise 4 d for dinner for the
king's entertainer .... 6 d (were spent) on three entertainers ....
f 59 (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 6 d for those dancing ....
1056 TRANSLATIONS 1395-8
1395--6
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 43 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for players .... Likewise 2 s for minstrel/s of the
town .... Likewise 5 d for a jester ....
f 43v (Common meals)
... Likewise 2 d for entertainers .... Likewise 6 d for three entertainers.
Likewise 6 d for dinner for entertainers. Likewise 5 d .... Likewise 6 d
for dinner for entertainers ....
f 44 (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 18 d for pipers on the dedication day of the church.
Likewise 18 d ....
1396-7
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 75 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 8 d for players ....
(Common meals)
... Likewise 6 d for minstrel/s .... 8 d (were spent) on entertainers ....
f 76 (Meals of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 16 d given players and for a dance ....
1397-8
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 110v (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 4 d for players .... Likewise 16 d for entertainers of the
town .... Likewise 26 d for those dancing ....
TRANSLATIONS 1398-1400 1057
1398--9
Corpus Christi College Accounts
f 13"
CCA: Masters N1
Likewise I gave to pipers of the lord duke of Lancaster and of
the duke of Hereford and to another (piper?) on (St) Michael's
Day
2s
f 13v*
Likewise to pipers on our festival
18d
f 16"
Likewise to piper/s and Evan, a cook
2s2d
King's Hall Accounts 4 TCA
f 128 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d for players. Likewise 12 d for entertainers of the
town .... Likewise 4 d for a dance on the dedication day of All Saints'
(Church).
(Common meals)
... for three entertainers' dinner, 9 d .... Likewise 6 d for entertainers ....
1399-1400
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 26 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d (were spent) on [entertainers] players of blessed
Mary's Church .... 4 d (were spent) on the dedication feast for a
dance ....
f 27 (Common meals)
...Likewise 12 d (were spent) on entertainers ....
1058 TRANSLATIONS 1402--10
1402-3
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 42 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 12 d for players .... Likewise 20 d for pipers of the town
on the feast of the Purification. And 6 d (were spent) on their meals ....
4 d (were spent) on the dedication day for those dancing. 8 d (were
spent) on entertainers. Likewise 16 d (were spent) on players ....
1405-6
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 92 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d for players .... Likewise 12 d for players. Likewise
6 d for entertainers' dinner. Likewise 20 d for entertainers .... Likewise
4 d for those dancing on the dedication day of All Saints' Church.
Likewise 12 d for those dancing ....
1408-9
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 117 (Supplementary expenses)
... 12 d (were spent) on entertainers .... Likewise 4 d for dancers on the
dedication of All Saints' Church. Likewise 8 d for those dancing on
the dedication of blessed Mary's Church ....
(Common meals)
... 10 d (were spent) on two entertainers' dinner ....
1409-10
King's Hall Accounts 5 TCA
f 104 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for players .... Likewise 22 d (were spent) on
entertainers and players. Likewise 12 d for entertainers .... Likewise
4 d (were spent) on those dancing. Likewise 8 d for those of St Mary's
Church dancing.
1060
TRANSLATIONS 1414-21
12 d for entertainers on Purification Day .... Likewise 4 d for those
dancing on the dedication of All Saints" Church ....
1415-16
King's Hall Accounts 6 TCA
f 6 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 12 d for the clerk of All Saints' (Church) and for players ....
Likewise 2 s 2 d for entertainers and players .... Likewise 8 d for those
dancing ....
1416-17
King's Hall Accounts 6 TCA
f 40 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 2 s 4 d for various players .... Likewise 20 d for entertainers
on the day of the Purification of blessed Mary .... Likewise 4 d for those
dancing on the dedication feast ....
f 40v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 4 d for those dancing on the dedication day.
1420-1
King's Hall Accounts 6 TCA
f 125v* (Supplementary expenses)
First, 4 d as remuneration for entertainers .... Likewise 16 d for players
on two occasions. Likewise 20 d for entertainers on Purification
Day .... Likewise 4 d for those dancing on the dedication day of All
Saints' Church ....
(Common meals)
... Likewise 6 d for three entertainers' dinner on Purification Day ....
(Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 4 d for those dancing on the dedication day.
TRANSLATIONS 1422-8 1061
1422-3
Town Treasurers" Accounts cRo: PB/X/70/I
mb [2] (External expenses and gifts)
ooo
...And 3 s 4 d (were spent as gifts) given the duke of Bedford's
entertainers by reason of a reward, and also 3 s 4 d for the duke of
Gloucester's entertainers.
1423-4
Town Treasurers' Accounts cRo: PB/X/70/2
mb [2] (External expenses and gifts)
...And 40 d (were spent as gifts) given entertainers of the earl of March;
also 20 d, given entertainer/s of the earl marshall; and 12 d, given one
entertainer of Lord John Typtot.
1424-5
Town Treasurers" Accounts
mb [2] (External expenses)
cRo: PB/X/70/3
... As offerings given entertainers of the lord earl of Northumberland,
40 d; as offerings given entertainer/s of the lord duke of Exeter, 40 d;
also given entertainer/s of Lord John Typtot, 20 d; and given one
entertainer (blank), 12 d ....
1427-8
Town Treasurers" Accounts CRO: PB/X/70/6
mb [2] (External expenses)
... Likewise (as rewards) given minstrel/s of the duke of Gloucester this
year, 8 s; also 4 s 8 d given minstrel/s of Lord de Tiptoft this year and
to minstrel/s of the lady of Abergavenny; and 4 s 8 d to minstrel/s of
the earl of Huntingdon; and 5 s to minstrel/s of the duke of York;
likewise (were spent) on the expenses of Lord le Tiptoft while he was
staying and visiting in this town with his lady for one night and on
a breakfast given him (or them) on the following morning by the mayor
and burgesses, 50 s 11 d.
1062 TRANSLATIONS 1431-4
1431-2
King's Hall Accounts 8 XCA
f 22 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for two entertainers' dinner on the feast of the
Purification of blessed Mary (and) 12 d on remuneration for the
same .... Likewise 12 d for entertainers ....
Town Treasurers' Accounts CRO: PB/X/70/7
mb [2] (Payments and external expenses)
...And (as rewards) given various minstrels coming to the mayor to
have rewards at various times this year, 26 s 6 d ....
1432-3
King's Hall Accounts 8 ICA
f 45v (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 4 d (were spent) on two pipers' dinner on Purification Day
(and) 12 d on (their) remuneration ....
f 46 (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
...Likewise 4 d for those dancing ....
1433-4
King's Hall Accounts 8 TCA
f 66 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 6 d (were spent) on two entertmners drone for a day (or
by the day ?) ....
f 67 (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise 4 d for those dancing on the dedication day ....
TRANSLATIONS 1435-41 1063
1435--6
King's Hall Accounts 8 ICA
f l17v (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 14 d (were spent) on four entertainers' dinner. Likewise
1 I/2 d for one daily allowance (probably of food). Likewise 4 d for two
people playing on Purification Day ....
1436-7
King's Hall Accounts 9 TCA
f 7 (Supplementary expenses)
First, 4 d for two entertainers .... Likewise payment was made as a
remuneration to entertainers of the town on the feast of the
Purification of blessed Mary, 12 d .... Likewise 3 d for the king's
entertainers ....
1438-9
King's Hall Accounts 9 TCA
f 66 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 12 d (were spent) on four players" dinner for a day (or by
the day ?). Likewise 9 d (were spent) on three players' supper ....
Likewise 12 d for entertainers at Purification time (and) likewise 10 d
on dinner for the same .... Likewise 6 d for entertainers ....
1440-1
King's Hall Accounts 9
f 153
TCA
...Likewise 8 d (were spent) on four entertainers' dinner on the
Innocents' Day .... Likewise 9 d for three entertainers' dinner (and)
12 d in remuneration for the same ....
1064 TRANSLATIONS 1442-5
1442-3
King's College Statutes
f35 (20July)
KCA
Of the manner of saying masses, matins, and the other
canonical hours in the college church there.
f 36v*
...We wish and order that all these aforesaid things be carried out,
happen, and be fulfilled on each (feast) day by the aforesaid scholars
and fellows of the said King's College, except on the above-mentioned
feast of St Nicholas, on which feast and by no means on the feast of
the (Holy) Innocents we allow that the boys can say and carry out
vespers, matins, and the other divine offices, saying and singing (them)
according to the use and custom hitherto usual in the said King's
College ....
King's Hall Accounts 10 TCA
f 33 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 22 d (were spent) on expenses of minstrels of the king and
of the earl of Salisbury .... 71/2 d (were spent) on five minstrels'
dinner .... 12 d (were spent) on a reward and dinner for the king's
minstrel/s ....
1444-5
King's Hall Accounts 10 TCA
f 88 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 8 d for three entertainers for dinner on Purification Day
(and) likewise 12 d on a reward for the same .... Likewise 6 d (were
spent) on dinner for the queen's three entertainers. Likewise 12 d on
a reward for the same ....
1066 TRANSLATIONS 1450-2
nf (Christmas week + 2:2-8 January) (College meal allowances)
On the same day, five performers and another household servant
(from) Belton (possibly (named) Belton) (not itemized) ....
nf (Easter week + 3:15-21 May) (Beverage allowances)
Hugh Smyth (was allowed) for jester/s from Ware
2d
nf (Easter week + 4:22-8 May) (College meal allowances)
At dinner, two performers with the fellows, and the servants of the
same with the scholars (not itemized) ....
King's College Mundum Book 2.2 KCA
f 74v (External payments)
ooo
Likewise for four performers as a reward at Christmas on the provost's
order 6 s 8 d
Likewise for Thomas Lurer at the same time 2 s
f 77
Likewise for three and a half yards of kersey bought on St Nicholas'
Eve [for the college, for the (boy-)bishop's use] for a tunic to be
provided for the (boy-)bishop and for the making of the same, which
is kept in John Bartylmew's care for other future (boy-)bishops by
order of the vice-provost and others for the honour of the
college Total: 4 s 4 d
1451-2
King's College Liber Communarum 1.3 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:4-10 December)
(College meal allowances)
ooo
[Likewise a (boy-)bishop on the same day
3 s] [6 s 8 d]
TRANSLATIONS 1451-2
nf (Beverage allowances)
Likewise for the (boy-)bishop on St Nicholas' Day
1067
6sSd
nf (Michaelmas week + II: 11-17 December)
(College meal allowances)
oo.
On the same day at supper two performers with the fellows
6d
nf (Christmas week + 1: 1-Z January) (College meal allowances)
At dinner with the fellows ... Thomas Lurer (not itemized)...
.oo
King's College Mundum Book 2.3 KCA
f 115 (Necessary expenses and external payments)
.oo
As a reward given performers on St Nicholas' Day at the provost's
order 20 d
Likewise for four performers of Cambridge on Christmas Day for a
reward of their labour for the entire winter at the provost's
order 6 s 8 d
Likewise for Thomas Lurer for the same at the same time at the
provost's order and on the advice of all the fellows 6 s 8 d
King's Hall Accounts 11 TCA
f 92 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for entertainers .... Likewise payment was made to
Thomas Lurer on the Innocents' Day, 8 d .... Likewise 2 d for
entertainers ....
1068 TRANSLATIONS 1453-6
1453--4
King's Hall Accounts 11 TCA
f 156 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise payment was made in remuneration to the duke of
Exeter's entertainers (and) 2 d (were spent) on the supper of the
same ....
Likewise 12 d (were spent) on three entertainers' dinner on the
Innocents' Day (and) 12 d on remuneration for the same .... 2 d (were
spent) on an entertainer's supper ....
1455-6
King's College Liber Communarum 2.1
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:6-12 December)
(College meal allowances)
On Saturday the feast of St Nicholas at dinner with the fellows.., three
entertainers of the town of Cambridge (not itemized) ....
nf (Christmas week: 20-6 December) (College meal allowances)
At dinner and at supper with the fellows ... two performers of this
town 6 d
At dinner with the fellows...
Thomas Lurer 3 d
At dinner with the fellows...
...Thomas Lurer (not itemized)...
At supper with the fellows, Thomas Lurer (not itemized)...
At dinner with the fellows...
Thomas Lurer (not itemized)...
TRANSLATIONS 1455--7 1069
nf (Christmas week + 1:27 December-2 January)
(College meal allowances)
At dinner with the fellows...
...Thomas Luter (not itemized)...
At supper on the same day...
Thomas Luter with the fellows
nf
At dinner with the fellows...
...Thomas Luter (not itemized)...
At supper with the fellows...
Thomas Luter
At dinner with the fellows...
...Thomas Lurer (not itemized)...
At dinner with the fellows, Thomas Luter
nf (Easter week + 6:8-14 May) (College meal allowances)
On Sunday at dinner ... three cymbalists (not itemized)...
On Monday at dinner, three performers (not itemized)...
2d
2d
3d
1456-7
King's College Mundum Book 3.1 KCA
f 46 (Necessary expenses)
Likewise paid (to) Lemster for the disguising at Christmas time as
appears by his bill 4 s 3 I& d
070
TRANSLATIONS 1456-7
Likewise paid Master Roche for the disguising at the same time as
appears by his bill 6 s 31/2 d
f 47 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as a reward given Thomas Luter on the morrow of
Epiphany 6 s 8 d
Likewise paid four men playing in the common hall on the eve of
Epiphany 12 d
Likewise as a reward given three performers of Cambridge on the tenth
day of January 3 s 4 d
f 48
Likewise as a reward given six performers of the lord king on Relic
Sunday 10 s
f 48v
ooo
Likewise paid as a reward given the lord of Shrewsbury's performers
by master vice-provost 12 d
Likewise as a reward given one jester of the lord duke of York by
master vice-provost 12 d
King's Hall Accounts 12 TCA
f 40 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise on the same day for Bastifforde, three servants, and three
performers (not itemized) .... Likewise 8 d for those playing on
Epiphany Eve .... 9 d (were spent) on entertainers' dinner on
Purification Day (and) 12 d on the salary of the same .... 4 d (were
spent) on entertainers' supper ....
TRANSLATIONS 1458--61
f 94v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
i ilLikewise payment was made in remuneration to those dancing on
the dedication of blessed Mary's Church ....
1073
1459-60
Corpus Christi College Liber Albus CCA
f 51 (29 September-21 April) (Payments)
Note concerning the fellows' and bedells' banquet
0o.
[Likewise for three performers, or pipers
12 d]
King's Hall Accounts 12 TCA
f 131 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 12 d (were spent) on three performers' dinner on the
Innocents" Day .... 18 d (were spent) on three performers' dinner on
the day of the Purification of blessed Mary. Likewise payment was
made in remuneration for the same, 2 s ....
1460-1
King's Hall Accounts 13 TCA
f 8 (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 3 s 4 d (were spent) on dinner for three bedells, [and] four
performers on the Innocents" Day, and others coming in from outside
on the same day .... Likewise payment was made in remuneration for
players on the Innocents' Day and for miller/s, 16 d .... Likewise 16
d (were spent) on three performers" dinner on the day of the
Purification of blessed Mary .... Likewise payment was made in
remuneration for the performers on the day of the Purification of
blessed Mary, 20 d ....
f 8v
...Likewise 3 d (were spent) on three performers' meals ....
1074
TRANSLATIONS 1464-6
1464-5
King's Hall Accounts 13 TC,
f 56* (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise 6 d for performers" meals on Holy Innocents' Day ....
Likewise 12 d (were spent) on three performers' meals and payment
was made in remuneration for the same, 12 d .... Likewise 2 d (were
spent) on one performer's meals ....
f 57v (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
... Likewise payment was made in remuneration for those dancing on
the dedication day of blessed Mary's Church, 20 d.
1465-6
Corpus Christi College Liber Albus CCA
f 72 (8 July 1463-24 August 1466) (Payments)
Likewise at the fellows' and bedells" banquet for performers and for
scented candles (or possibly torches of aromatic wood) 14 d
King's College Mundum Book 4.1 KCA
f 29 (Fees and rewards)
oo.
Likewise as a reward given the duke of Suffolk's performers on the
twenty-second day of November 3 s 4 d
f 30v
ooo
Likewise paid on the twenty-fifth day of February to entertainers of
the town of Cambridge 20 d
f 33v (Necessary expenses and external payments)
ooo
Likewise paid Goldyng and his fellows on the twentieth day of.lanuary
for their play/s 6 s 8 d
1076
TRANSLATIONS 1466-7
nf (Easter week + 7:16-22 May)
On the eve of Pentecost, at dinner with the fellows.., some performer
of the duke of Lancaster, 3 d...
nf (Assumption week + 2:29 August-4 September)
(College meal allowances)
On Sunday at dinner, some entertainer of the lady of York with four
of her (possibly his?) household servants, etc 12 d
King's College Mundum Book 4.2 KCA
f 105v (Necessary expenses and external payments)
ooo
Likewise as a reward given players in the common hall of the college
on the feast of the Holy Innocents 20 d
Likewise as a like reward given others playing before master provost
and the fellows on the feast of the Lord's Circumcision 20 d
f 114 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as a reward given by order of master provost for four
performers of the duke of Suffolk on the eve of the Purification of the
blessed virgin Mary 3 s 4 d
f 114v (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's performers on the twenty-
eighth of April 6 s 8 d
f 115v
oo.
Likewise as a reward given by the college to Master Raynold and
Master Argentyn and to others for expenses about the disguising this
year, etc 8 s 6 d
TRANSLATIONS 1466-8 1077
Peterbouse Computus Roll PHA
mb [3] (External expenses)
...And (they account) for 5 d paid entertainers on (St) Stephen's
Day .... And for 8 d given those dancing (literally, leaping) on the feast
of the dedication of our church of Cambridge ....
1467-8
King's College Mundum Book 5.1
f 52v (Fees and rewards)
KCA
ooo
Likewise paid the lord king's entertainers at the time of
Parliament
3s4d
f 53
ooo
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's performers on the twenty-
sixth day of August 5 s
f 53v
0o,
Likewise as a reward given four men of Walden playing in the common
hall on the feast of the Holy Innocents 20 d
Likewise as a reward for four men playing in the common hall on the
feast of St Thomas the Martyr 20 d
Likewise as a reward given by order of master provost to Master
Walter Barbour and his fellows for their costs about the disguisings
this year 13 s 4 d
Likewise as a reward given six men of the local district playing in the
common hall on another occasion, between the feast of the Lord's
Circumcision and the feast of the Epiphany this year, etc 2 s
f 55* (Necessary expenses and external payments)
Likewise paid on the twentieth day of November for wine bought for
those from St Mary's hostel (who were) dancing 6 d
1078 TRANSLATIONS 1467-9
f 61v*
Likewise paid for wine bought at various times within Christmas time
aforesaid, for the proctor/s of the university and various others,
masters and scholars of Holy Trinity, St Augustine's, and St William's
hostels, coming to the college at various times within the aforesaid
period with the disguisings 6 s 8 d
King's Hall Accounts 14 TCA
f 6* (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 2 s (were spent) on meals for performers on the same day
together with players. 32 s 5 d (were spent) on expenses incurred upon
the mayor of Cambridge, together with the Twelve of the same town,
together with [their followers] tother gentlemen on the Innocents'
Day of the present year, on provisions and wine. Likewise payment
was made in remuneration for entertainers on the Innocents' Day,
12 d. Likewise payment was made in remuneration for players on the
same day, 12 d ....
f 6v*
...Likewise 4 d (were spent) on meals for the duchess of York's
performer together with her men (possibly his men) ....
1468-9
King's College Liber Commurtarum 3.2 KCA
nf (Christmas week + 1:31 December-6 January)
(College meal allowances)
...With the scholars at dinner, two performers, 6 d
nf (Christmas week + 7: 11-17February) (College mealallowances)
...Three performers at dinner on Sunday, 6 d, and at supper on
Tuesday, 6 d ....
TRANSLATIONS 1468--9 1079
nf (St John the Baptist week +3:15-21 July)
(College meal allowances)
ooo
On Monday, three entertainers of the lady of York, 9 d... at dinner
with the fellows
nf (St John the Baptist week + 6:5-11 August)
(College meal allowances)
ooo
On Monday at supper with the fellows, a harper of Robert Redesdale,
3d...
King's College Mundum Book 5.2 KCA
f 108v (Fees and rewards)
o.o
Likewise as a reward given the lord duke of Suffolk's performers on
the eighteenth day of April 3 s 4 d
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's performers on the fifth day
of May 5 s
Likewise as
hall on the
a reward given four men of Ramsey playing in the common
feast of St Stephen this year 20 d
Likewise as a reward given four men of Walden playing in the common
hall on the feast of St John the Evangelist 20 d
Likewise as a reward given six men of Bury playing in the common
hall on the eve of Epiphany 2 s
Likewise as a reward given Master John Benet and his fellows for their
costs and expenses about the disguisings 6 s 8 d
Likewise as a reward given performers of Cambridge for their labours
this year as in previous years 3 s 4 d
f 11 lv (Necessary expenses and external payments)
Likewise paid for wine given the duchess of York's
performer
4d
1080
TRANSLATIONS 1468-70
f 112
ooo
Likewise paid for play/s and disguisings put on for the feast of the
Purification 3 s 4 d
1469-70
King's College Mundum Book 6.1 KCA
f 35 (Fees and rewards)
ooo
Likewise, 20 d paid the house of the order of friars preacher as a reward
given them for alms together with 12 d for three persons playing in
the common hall on the feast of the Innocents 2 s 8 d
f 35v
ooo
Likewise as a reward given players of Walden on the morrow (of the
feast) of St Thomas the Martyr 2 s
o.o
Likewise as a reward given performers of the town of Cambridge on
the fifteenth day of February 2 s
f 36
ooo
Likewise as a reward given two performers of the king's household
and of the earl of Warwick's household on the twenty-fifth day of
October 20 d
ooo
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's entertainers on the first day
of July 5 s
f 40 (Necessary expenses and external payments)
Likewise paid by the agency of Smyth, a scholar, for some necessities
bought for some play in the common hall at Christmas time 6 d
1082 TRANSLATIONS 1471-3
nf (Christmas week + 2: 4-10January) (College mealallowances)
At dinner ... four performers 16 d
At supper ... four performers 8 d
nf (Christmas week + 6: 1-T February) (College meal allowances)
At dinner ... four performers 12 d
nf (Christmas week + 13:21-7 March) (College meal allowances)
At dinner ... likewise three performers of the lord king 6 d
nf ($t John the Baptist week + 8:15-21 August)
(College meal allowances)
Likewise one entertainer with his household servant
6d
1472-3
King's College Mundum Book 6.2 KCA
f 81v (Necessary expenses and external payments)
Likewise paid for [the (boy-)bishop] wine for the (boy-)bishop and
master provost on St Nicholas' Day 10 d
f 83v
Likewise paid entertainers from London and four persons from
Fulbourn for some interludes on Christmas 14 d
f 86 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as rewards given entertainers of the town of Cambridge on
the same feast 2 s
TRANSLATIONS 1472--4 1083
f 86v
ooo
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's performers on the fourth
day of May 3 s 4 d
King's Hall Accounts 15 TCA
f 7* (Supplementary expenses)
... 12 d (were spent) on meals for players together with their company
from (or of) St Mary's parish; and 9 d (spent on the meals) of players ....
12 d (were spent) as a reward for player/s ....
Peterhouse Computus Roll
mb [2] (External expenses)
ooo
... And (they account) for 16 d for entertainers on St Stephen's Day ....
And for 8 d for those dancing (literally, leaping) on the dedication
day ....
1473-4
King's College Mundum Book 6.3 KCA
f 130 (Necessary expenses and external payments)
ooo
Likewise paid for red cloth bought for the enlarging of the boy-
bishop's robe and for the labour of a tailor, together with 12 d handed
over to the boys on St Nicholas' Day in order to make (their)
offering 2 s
f 130v
ooo
Likewise paid for sixteen ells of linen cloth bought from Richard
Smyth's wife for linen cloths together with cloth bought for the
enlarging of the boy-bishop's rochet 13 s 2 d
ooo
f 132v (Fees and rewards)
Likewise paid Smyth, a fellow, on St Stephen's Day for some expenses
about the equipment for the plays 12 d
1084 TRANSLATIONS 1473-6
Likewise paid on St John the Evangelist's Day for three persons
playing in the hall 12 d
Likewise as a reward given three performers on the feast of the
Purification of blessed Mary 2 s
f 133
Likewise as a reward given the lord king's performers in the month
of September 3 s 4 d
f 133v
Likewise paid Master Wenslow for the recreations of master provost,
the fellows, etc, at Christmas time, together with 7 d paid for wine,
strings, and nails for the play at the same time 7 s 3 d
1475-6
King's College Liber Communarum 4.3 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:2-8 December)
(College meal allowances)
rand 1 [wherefore] allowance ought to be made for the boy-bishop on
St Nicholas' Day 3 s 4 d
nf (Christmas week + 2: 6-12January) (College mealallowances)
At dinner...
Likewise three performers 9 d
nf (Christmas week + 5:27 January-2 February)
(College meal allowances)
At dinner...
Likewise two bedells and three performers 15 d
TRANSLATIONS 1475-7
nf (Easter week + 5:18-24 May) (College meal allowances)
oo.
At dinner...
Likewise seven performers of the lord king with two household
servants
1085
2s8d
1476-7
King's College Liber Communarum 5.1 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 9:30 November-6 December)
(College meal allowances)
At dinner ... four performers with the fellows, 12 d...
nf (Christmas week + 1:28 December-3 January)
(College meal allowances)
oo.
At dinner ... two players with the conducts, 8 d...
nf (Christmas week + 6: 1-7February) (College meal allowances)
At dinner ... likewise three performers, 9 d
nf (Christmas week + 7:8-14 February) (College mealallowances)
At dinner ... likewise a performer with his boy with the scholars,
4d ....
nf (St John the Baptist week + 2:5-11 July)
(College meal allowances)
At dinner ... likewise three performers with the fellows, 9 d...
1086 TRANSLATIONS 1476--9
King's College Mundum Book 7.1 KCA
f 48 (Necessary expenses and external payments)
Likewise paid for the expenses of Master Wheteley and other fellows
playing before master provost and the fellows at Christmas
time 20 d
f 54v (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as rewards given those playing in the hall on the feast of the
Holy Innocents 12 d
Likewise as rewards given performers of the town of Cambridge on
the same feast 2 s
King's Hall Accounts 15 TCA
f 94 (Supplementary expenses)
... 12 d (were spent) as rewards for performers .... Likewise 2 d for some
other (performer) .... Likewise 12 d for players on Epiphany Day at
night .... Likewise 12 d for players on the feast of Purification ....
Likewise we paid 2 s to those of St Mary's Church dancing ....
1477-8
King's Hall Accounts 15 TCA
f 138 (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 2 d for one performer .... Likewise 12 d for performers ....
Likewise 20 d for players .... Likewise 20 d for those of St Mary's
Church dancing ....
1478-9
King's Hall Accounts 16 TCA
f 10" (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise [10] 2 s for players at Christmas time. Likewise 8 d for
other players. Likewise 12 d for performers .... Likewise 12 d 1 d (ie
13 d?) for St Mary's Church upon Hock Monday ....
1090 "l RA N SLA'I'ION S 1484--5
nf* (Christmas week + 4: 22-s January) (College mealallowances)
Likewise for the commons of two painters for the entire week for the
disguisings for the feast of the Purification 16 d
o.o
nf (Christmas week + 5:29 January-4 February)
(College meal allowances)
On Wednesday at dinner with the fellows ... three performers (not
itemized)...
nf (Christmas week + 5:29January-4 February)
(College meal allowances)
Likewise for the commons of two painters for five days for the
disguising 20 d
Likewise for the commons of one tailor repairing the ornaments of the
hall 10 d
King's College Accounts 5.3 KCA
f [3]
Likewise as rewards given to performers of the town of Cambridge
on the feast of the Purification of the blessed virgin Mary 2 s
Likewise paid two painters on the third day of February for (their)
labour for eight days for the disguising 4 s 4 d
[3v]*
Likewise paid to John Careaway on the tenth day of February for the
making of twelve robes for the disguising 10 d
Likewise paid to Hamshire, a scholar, in partial payment of his debt
on the roll of debts (possibly the tutors' roll) for a robe bought from
Andrew for Christmas 6 s 11 d
1092 TRANSLATIONS 1487-9
1487-8
King's Hall Accounts 18 TCA
f 32 (Expenses of Great St Mary's Church)
Likewise for a gift to the women of the aforesaid church on Hock
Tuesday 20 d
f 34v (Supplementary expenses)
... Likewise 4 s for meals for three bedells and three performers on the
Innocents' Day .... 12 d as a reward for three performers .... Likewise
2 d for one person playing ....
1488-9
King's College Mundum Book 8.2 KCA
f 28v (Necessary expenses)
Likewise paid on the fourth day of August to players of the parish
church of the blessed virgin Mary outside the Trumpington
gates 20 d
Likewise paid players of the parish of St Clement on the third day of
July 8 d
f 33 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as rewards given entertainers of the town of Cambridge on
the feast of the Purification of the blessed virgin Mary 2 s
Likewise as rewards given various persons playing in the common
hall 8 d
Town Treasurers" Accounts CRO: PB/X/71/4
mb [2] (External and necessary expenses)
... And (the treasurers seek allowance of) 2 s 8 d (spent) on wine given
the earl of Oxford; and 20 d on sweet wine and claret wine given the
same earl in the early morning; and 2 s 2 d for one box with two pounds
of comfits given the same earl; and 2 s 8 d on wine given the same earl
TRANSLATIONS 1488-90 1093
Entertainers'
rewards
when he returns from York; and 8 d on wine given entertainers of the
same earl ....
And they seek allowance of 7 s as rewards given the lord king's
entertainers; and 2 s as rewards given the earl of Oxford's entertainers;
and 2 s as rewards given the same earl's entertainer/s on another
occasion, by order of the mayor of the town of Cambridge in the guild-
hall
Total: 11 s
(Fees and rewards)
...And (they seek allowance of) 18 s 9 d (spent) on livery for
entertainers of the aforesaid town ....
Entertainers"
rewards
1489-90
King's College Mundum Book 8.3 KCA
f 31v* (Fees and rewards)
Likewise as a reward given players of Madingley on St Thomas the
Martyr's Day 4 d
Likewise as a reward given Sir Watson on the last day of December
for gear about the disguisings 20 d
Likewise as rewards given performers of the town of Cambridge on
the day of the Purification of the blessed virgin Mary 2 s
Town Treasurers" Accounts CRO: PB/X/71/5
mb [2] (External and necessary expenses)
...And (the treasurers seek allowance of..) 10 d in cash paid for wine
given the lord king's entertainer/s ....
And (they seek allowance of) 6 s 8 d in cash paid by them as rewards
given the lord king's entertainers; and of 3 s 4 d as rewards given
Lucarus de Campes for the bearing of a doe from the earl of Oxford
to the community of the town of Cambridge aforesaid; and of
3 s 4 d as rewards given a man of the said earl for the bearing of another
doe from the said earl to the aforesaid community.
TRANSLATIONS 1494-6 1095
1494-5
King's College Liber Communarum 10.1 KCA
nf (Christmas week + 6:31 January-6 February)
(College meal allowances)
On Sunday at dinner ... three performers (not itemized)...
nf (St John the Baptist week + 8:15-21 August)
(College meal allowances)
On Sunday ... three players at dinner (not itemized)...
nf (St John the Baptist week + 11:5-11 September)
(College meal allowances)
On Sunday, two performers
6d
1495-6
King's College Liber Communarum 10.2 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:5-11 December)
(College meal allowances)
Likewise for the (boy-)bishop on St Nicholas' Day
5s
nf* (Christmas week + 6:30 January-5 February)
(College meal allowances)
On the day of the Purification of blessed Mary at dinner ... Dahun
with two colleagues and another performer (not itemized)...
nf (Annunciation + 5:23-9 April) (College meal allowances)
On Tuesday at dinner, three entertainers
9d
1096 TRANSLATIONS 1498-9
1498-9
King's College Mundum Book 8.6 KCA
f 33 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise on the same day for Master Carvanell for his expenses about
plays at Christmas time 20 s
Likewise on the sixteenth day of January paid as rewards to eight
entertainers of the lord prince, 6 s 8 d ....
f 33v
Likewise on the day of the Purification of blessed Mary paid three
performers of Cambridge for rewards 2 s
Town Treasurers" Accounts CRO: PB/X/71/8
mb [2] (Necessary repairs)
.oo
... And in cash paid the same John Banester for the repair of the collars
of entertainers called waits, 21 d ....
Entertainers'
mb [3]
And as rewards given various entertainers coming to Cambridge this
year, that is, to the lord king's entertainers, 6 s 8 d; to the lady queen's
entertainers, 3 s 4 d; and for wine drunk then at that time, 6 d; to the
lord prince's entertainers, 5 s; to the earl of Oxford's entertainers,
3s4d
Total: 18 s 10 d
mb [4] (Fees and rewards)
...And (as fees) paid for seven yards of woollen cloth bought this
year for the livery of three entertainers of the town of Cambridge,
15s3d ....
TRANSLATIONS 1499-1500 1097
1499-1500
King's College Mundum Book 9.1 KCA
f 36 (Fees and rewards)
ooo
Likewise paid Master Wyltun as rewards given the same for plays on
Christmas, 20 s ....
Likewise paid on the feast of the Purification of blessed Mary to
performers of Cambridge, 2 s ....
f 36v
Likewise on the Commemoration of St Paul paid as rewards to the
parishioners of blessed Mary playing and gesturing (,possibly miming)
in the college, 3 s 4 d, (and) on drink, 4 d ....
ooo
Likewise paid as rewards made.., in Cambridge to the lord prince's
pipers, 3 s 4 d ....
Town Treasurers" Accounts CRO: PB/X/71/9
mb [2] (Entertainers" rewards)
ooo
And likewise as rewards given various entertainers coming to
Cambridge this year: in the first place, to the lord king's entertainers,
6 s 8 d; to the lord prince's entertainers, 5 s; to the earl of
Northumberland's entertainers, 2 s; to the earl of Oxford's
entertainers, 5 s; and likewise as a reward given one entertainer coming
to town when one entertainer of this town, called a wait, was absent
(or failed to perform his duty), 20 d.
Total: 20 s 4 d
(Fees and rewards)
...And likewise (as fees) paid for the livery of entertainers of the town
this year, that is, for ten yards of yellow- (or orange-) brown coloured
cloth, 10 s.
1098 TRANSLATIONS 1500-1
1500-1
King's College Mundum Book 9.2
f 3 lv* (Necessary expenses)
KCA
Likewise on the ninth day of June paid John Parkar for songs, viz:
for twenty-four carols at 4 d the carol, 8 s; and for twelve ballads at
3 d the ballad, 3 s; and for eight ballads at 2 d the ballad, 16 d; and
for five quires of paper royal, 3 s 4 d; and for five (parchment) covers
at 2 d the cover, 10 d 16 s 6 d
f 39 (Fees and rewards)
First, as rewards given the lord prince's performers on the feast of the
Conception of Mary 3 s 4 d
o.o
Likewise paid on the feast of the Purification of blessed Mary to three
performers of Cambridge as rewards 2 s
f 40
Likewise on the first day of July paid as rewards to the parishioners
of St Mary playing and gesturing (possibly miming) in the
college 3 s 4 d
King's Hall Accounts 19 TCA
f 187 (Supplementary expenses)
.oo
...Likewise 2 s for the lord king's trumpeters .... [26 s] 7 s 10 d for
strangers and entertainers on the Innocents' Day. Likewise payment
was made, 12 d for performers on the Innocents' Day .... Likewise
8 d for one entertainer of the king ....
Town Treasurers' Accounts CRO: PB/X/71/IO
mb [2] (Entertainers" rewards)
ooo
And likewise as rewards given various entertainers coming to
Cambridge this year, that is, to the earl of Northumberland's
entertainers, 8 d; to the lady queen's entertainers, 5 s 4 d.
Total: 5 s 12 d
11oo
TRANSLATIONS 1503-8
mb 11 (Fees and rewards)
... And (as fees) paid for the livery of entertainers of the town this year,
18s6d ....
mb 12 (Final adjustments)
... And 12 d (are allowed the same accountants) for entertainers on the
feast of St Michael [and for] ....
1506-7
King's College Mundum Book 9.5 gCA
f 31 (Fees and rewards)
Likewise for Master Barrett for a play at Christmas time 20 s
Likewise on the second day of February for performers of
Cambridge 2 s
o.o
Likewise on the seventeenth day of June for the lord king's
performers 3 s
1507-8
King's College Mundum Book 10.1 gCA
nf (Choristers" maintenance) [f 1]
Likewise to Erliche('s) wife for the (boy-)bishop's
cap 12 d
Likewise on the eighth day of July for James, a cobbler, for forty-five
pairs of shoes for the choristers together with one pair for the
(boy-)bishop from Michaelmas until the aforesaid day 15 s 6 d
nf (Necessary expenses) If 2v]
Likewise for Master Ray for play/s at Christmas time
20 s
1102 TRANSLATIONS 1510-12
King's College Mundum Book lObis.1
nf (Choristers" maintenance) [f 1]
Likewise for the (boy-)bishop's cap
KCA
17d
nf (Necessary expenses) [f 1]
Likewise for Master West for a play at Christmas time 20 s
nf (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Likewise on the second day of February in rewards given performers
of Cambridge 2 s
Likewise as a reward given.., the king's performers, 2 s, and the earl's
performers, 4 d ....
King's Hall Accounts 21 TCA
f 137" (Supplementary expenses)
...Likewise payment was made for performers, 12 d .... Likewise
payment was made for a comedy of Terence as a (literally, in a) play,
6 s 8 d .... Likewise payment was made to the wives of St Mary's and
All Saints' Church, 12 d ....
1511-12
King's College Liber Communarum 11.1 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:6-12 December) (College mealallowances)
Likewise for the pittances of the (boy-)bishop on the feast of St
Nicholas 5 s
nf (Christmas week + 2:3-9 January) (College meal allowances)
On Saturday at supper, five players 15 d
1106
TRANSLATIONS 1522-30
moved his eyes, his hands, his lips; iust so also he spoke out in ringing
tones, and repaid the whole price of his labour.
1529-30
King's College Liber Communarum 13.2 KCA
nf (Michaelmas week + 10:4-10 December)
(College meal allowances)
On Monday at dinner ... the father of the (boy-)bishop (not
itemized)...
Likewise for the pittances of the (boy-)bishop on the feast of holy
Nicholas 5 s
nf (Christmas week + 5: 29 January-4 February)
(College meal allowances)
On Wednesday at dinner... Thomas Harper, a household servant of
the vice-chancellor, together with three performers (not itemized)...
St John's College Statutes SJA: C1.3
f 23v
Concerning leaving the university and seeking permission.
f 24
... In the second place, while they (members of the college) are absent,
they shall conduct themselves as becomes clerics and they shall be
properly clad as clerics, nor shall they frequent inns unless it is
necessary, nor any houses which they know to be of bad repute or
suspicious, nor shall they watch forbidden shows or games/plays
prohibited by ecclesiastical or common law, nor do any other irregular
things, but wherever they may be, they shall strongly feel and judge
that the yoke of the college sits upon their necks, lest their deed or
TRANSLATIONS 1529-33 1107
misdeed redound to the dishonour, obloquy and scandal of themselves
or of the college ....
f 28
Concerning not wasting time in the hall after meals.
...Therefore, in order to put a stop to (bad practices) in the beginning,
we order and establish that in the said college every day after dinner
and supper, when grace has first been said to the Almighty for things
received and the loving-cup has been served to those wishing to drink,
and also after those drinkings, also customarily held in the said college
for the time being, called 'biberia' according to university custom, each
and every one of the fellows, of whatever rank or status he may be,
and the college servants, shall go to their studies or to other places
without any long interval of time (and) with the master's approval.
Neither shall the juniors be allowed to delay there longer, except when
they must discuss in detail at once college plans or other difficult
business affecting the college, or (when) lectures, disputations, or
exegesis or explanations of the Bible follow immediately - (but) after
these also are completed and done, they should go at once - or when
a fire is built there (ie, in the hall) to the honour of God or his glorious
mother or another saint as a solace to all the residents (of the college).
For at that time we do allow fellows, students, and servants of the
college to spend time in the hall after the said meals and drinkings for
the sake of refreshment in songs and other decent amusements, in a
respectable way becoming to clerics, and also to practise among
themselves, compose, read, and tell poems and stories and other
literary relaxations of this kind.
1532-3
King's Hall Accounts 24 TCA
f 117v (Supplementary expenses)
Likewise for performers rot trumpeters 1
Likewise on Hock Monday for the women
Likewise for a royal conjurer
12d
12 d
2s6d
TRANSLATIONS 1536-8 1109
Likewise paid to performers of Lord Cromwell playing in the hall on
the day of the Nativity of blessed Mary 2 s
ooo
King's Hall Accounts 25 TCA
f 81v (Supplementary expenses)
Likewise for performers on the Innocents' Day
Likewise for royal players
ooo
Likewise for the women on Hock Monday
12d
4sSd
8d
Queens' College Magnum Journale QUA: Book 3
f 27v (College furnishings)
Likewise on the eighth day of March for Master Smyth for stage
clothing 2 s
f 28
Likewise for the material of stage clothes, for six yards of Neapolitan
fustian 10 s
Likewise for three and a half yards of dornix 3 s 4 d
Likewise for six hides/skins covered in gold 3 s 4 d
Likewise for six yards of common fustian dyed in white on black and
chequered 3 s
Likewise for five (pieces) of damascene work 2 s 6 d
Likewise for seven yards of red on white and six other yards at the
same price 6 s 6 d
Likewise for seven yards of red on green 3 s 6 d
1537-8
King's Hall Accounts 25 TCA
f l19v (Supplementary expenses)
o.o
Likewise for performers, 12 d ....
oo.
!!!4 TRANSLATIONS 1544-5
by or omit his turn at playing the lord, under pain of the loss of another
twenty shillings, to be paid to the college within a month after the end
of the Christmas season; unless he does so, he will lack commons in
the meantime until he fully and faithfully pays to the college the
aforesaid sum ....
Letter from Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor,
to Mattbew Parker vc CCL: ! ! 9
pp 313-1 (18 May, London)
...The event itself shows that all proper deference has died among you.
Your own men deride your own affairs in your own precincts. Indeed
they guaranteed the truth of this with ostentation in the tragedy
Pammachius when, while (possibly because) you were looking on and
dithering, after they deservedly hissed the bishop of Rome from the
stage, they forced off all the doctors with the same authority by
jeering.
I do not think it right to expect that things which take place publicly
within your bounds, and take place for the purpose of being public,
would remain within your walls and not become known among others.
Many understand the state of your affairs and are clearly aware of your
disputes and disagreements. They notice many things which you do
not imagine, and this first of all, that there is virtually no college in
which one does not find partisanship among various factions, while
the head at one time promotes his own interests (and) at another allows
the helm to be blown about by the winds (of factionalism), and takes
counsel for himself rather than for those entrusted to him. And
(further they notice that) just as Sophocles wrote that life is sweetest
when we are conscious of nothing, so some of your own think that
life is safest when they are doing nothing. But they are also wrong,
and even though they may be undisturbed for a time, those who fail
to carry out a duty entrusted to them, sometimes offering a reason
contrary to expectation, are surely not safe.
Nothing of this kind happens among the Oxonians, and someone
has said to me that there would be a more suitable administration at
your university if the vice-chancellor were chosen by the decision of
the chancellor alone, according to their (ie, Oxford's) example. But
I have always shrunk from such changes except when the situation
clearly demands them. And now I have undertaken in the matter of
the tragedy that everything be left in your jurisdiction. Therefore, take
care that you may be held worthy of so great a responsibility, and I
TRANSLATIONS 1546-7 1117
Penalty for
those refusing
to take parts
in comedies or
tragedies
f 148
Likewise on the fifteenth of January I paid to Master Yale for materials
necessary for putting on the comedies 30 s
Likewise for wood for constructing tripods when the comedies were
put on 22 d
Likewise I again paid to Master Yale for the comedies' expenses at
Doctor Smythe's order 27 s 9*A d
f 148v (16 May)
Likewise to Sir Alexander and to Hutten for the furbishing of players'
and performers' clothing 4 d
f 149v (23 October)
Likewise for wine and apples when the king of King's College and the
lord of Christ's College visited us 12 d
Queens' College Codex Chadertonianus QUA." Book 62
p 43*
And lest any youth (who is) a student of this college of a degree inferior
to a master of arts (and is) not even a fellow should refuse to take part
(in the comedy or tragedy), or be absent when the comedy or tragedy
is being put on publicly, or in some other way behave obstinately or
perversely at a time when he seems to the president or his deputy (to
be) suitable to undertake some duties in the comedy or tragedy, we
order and decree by this present (statute) that the one or ones who have
offended in any of these matters against the decision of the president
or his deputy shall be expelled from the college by authority of the
same president or his deputy.
But the rest of the fellow commoners and such scholars as are not
bachelors of theology shall be fined five shillings for each of the
aforesaid offences unless (the offender) has a legitimate excuse meeting
the approval of the president and the greater part of the fellows. The
TRANSLA'i'IONS 1547--8 1119
f 154 (24March)
Likewise to the same for two hooks on which clothes are put when
the comedies are put on 3d
f 156
oo.
Likewise for Catharine Hall for fifty-nine feet of planks, which
had been cut from those which we received as a loan for the
stage 2 s 2 d
f 157v* (s January) (Payrnentsfor college business)
Likewise on 8 January for two lamps, (paid) by the agency of the
president 4 s
Likewise to the same for the gunpowder, (paid) by the agency of
master president 8 d
Likewise for the candied fruit, marmalade, caraway sweetmeats, and
cakes, for wine and apples when the king of King's College, the
emperor, and the rest came here, at the president's
order 12 s 4 d
Likewise for those who brought the clothing and armour on Epiphany
Day, at the president's order 6 d
Likewise for Master Hobby for all the armour 12 d
(13 January)
Likewise for Joan Prime and the rest when Persa was put
on 12 d
Likewise on 21 January for Master Gascoyn for some expenses as
appears according to his bill, at the president's order 25 s 5 d
Likewise for candles at the comedies by the agency of Sir
Herrison 6 s
f 158"
Likewise on 26 January for Christopher Tailer for six bushels of coal
when Adelphos and Heli were performed 2 s
TRANSLATIONS 1548-9 ! 121
If 3v]
ooo
Likewise for the overseeing of plays at Christmas time as appears
according to the bill 57 s 7 d
nf (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Likewise for performers of Cambridge
2s
Queens" College Magnum Journale QUa: Book 3
f 166v (College repairs)
Likewise on 10 March for John Frost and Thomas Barber for six days"
work about the stage in the hall and sifting the sand (ie, for "gravelled'
walks) in the master's garden, and they received for a day as before
(total): 5 s
Likewise for wood from my faggots for the feet of benches for the stage
and for the benches upon the screen 6 d
Likewise for Dowse and his two sons for three and a half days' work
about the putting up of the stage in the hall and the taking apart of
the same 5 s 3 d
Likewise for Lawrence Tayler and John Popler for one and a half days'
work making benches upon the screen 21 d
f 167
Likewise on 29 March for new (glass) and the repair of windows in
the hall after the president's play and for glass in the master's chamber
and for an entire window in Thomas Alyn's chamber and for two panes
of glass in Master Hathwey's chamber as appears according to the
glazier's bill 10 s 2 d
f 172 (Payments for college business)
Likewise for six torches at Christmas time 6 s
Likewise for the repairing (of) the drum and for sticks for the
same 4 d
TRANSLATIONS 1548--50 1123
CUS
Likewise for Master Gascoyn for the same play as appears by the
bill 10 s
Likewise for nine ells of coarse cloth for clothes for the same
play 9 s
Likewise for Master Yale for the performance of Poenulus as appears
by the bill 5 s 5 d
Likewise for Bysill to buy masks and other things for master
president's play at his order 20 d
Likewise for laths and pasteboard for the same play as
appears 4 s 9 d
(24 March)
Likewise for Mother Lewyn for the furbishing of the chamber above
the actors'(.") room and of the store-room below 4 d
f 175v* (30 March) (College furnishings)
Likewise for string for the stage in the master's chamber near the
fireplace 8 d
f 176
Likewise on the same day for two hooks for master president's play
to Bankes, a smith
2d
Black Parchment Book CUA: Collect. Admin. 9
p 62*
No one shall be a lord of games at Christmas in whatever way he is titled.
1549-50
Queens" College Magnum Journale QUA." Book 3
f 188v* (19 December) (Payments for college business)
Likewise for written fascicules at the performance of the
comedy
16d
TRANSLATIONS 1558-60 1131
CUJ
Utinam CUA: Collect. Admin. 13
f 13v*
On 12 May 1559, at the suit of Jerome, a piper, and his associates,
Widow Prime was called before the vice-chancellor because under
the pretext of a debt she took away from the said Jerome and (his)
associates all the reed-pipes called the wait pipes, in contravention
of the agreement reached among them before. Finally the
disagreement was settled in this way: that the aforesaid widow should
give all her pipes, the wait pipes, as a loan in order that the said Jerome
and (his) associates might be able to use them; and Jerome and (his)
associates ought to pay in turn to the widow four pounds a year, for
as long as they have the said pipes, for the use of them. And one of
these pipers, whose name is Watson, ought to pay to the aforesaid
widow ten shillings a year, until the sum of forty shillings has been
paid. And the aforesaid Jerome and (his) associates will have the use
of the aforesaid pipes for the period of five years. And the said
Watson ought to pay in all for the period of four years 30 s, ten
shillings of which are from an old debt. Therefore it is agreed among
the aforesaid parties, that is, the widow and Watson, that the said
Watson will pay 10 s a year as above, beyond the 20 s for the rent
of the wait pipes.
1559-60
Trinity College Statutes
p 71"
TCA: Box 34, Statutes 5
Of the comedies and plays shown at Christmas
Chapter 24
Nine domestic readers shall put on individual comedies and tragedies
in pairs so that the youth may spend the Christmas season with greater
profit, except for the senior reader, whom we wish to show one
comedy or tragedy on his own. And they shall be responsible for
putting on all these comedies or tragedies in the hall privately or
publicly during the aforesaid Twelve Days or a little afterwards at the
will of the master and eight senior (fellows). But if they do not make
themselves responsible, then for each comedy or tragedy omitted, each
one of those by whose negligence it was omitted shall be fined ten
shillings.
1136 TRANSLATIONS 1563--4
ff 33-3v (6 August)
(It is) a wonderful thing, and worthy to be committed to the
memories of the ages, that our most august lady (queen) had been
enkindled with such a great desire to learn that she even passed
sleepless nights at which time she might either hear the renowned
history of ancient times or recollect the monuments of the old poets.
When indeed the leading men of the university learned of this
measureless thirst for understanding and knowledge, they took into
account not only the days and daylight hours (ie, of her visit), but also
the nights and hours of darkness. For they appointed some of their
own number to reproduce the dramatic actions and verses of tragedies,
comedies, and other plays in such a way that she might drink of the
sweetness of all these things with, as it were, some pleasure, should
she wish to attend to these little light entertainments in the course of
the more serious affairs of state.
In addition, so that these nocturnal performances might be the more
easily presented to the eyes and ears of all and so that one might watch
the more freely away from every outside disturbance, (they decided
that) there should be some structure (made) from rather thick beams,
five feet in height, whose length and breadth would be sufficient for
a stage of some sort in the chapel of King's, which is a site most elegant
on account of (its) design and quite extensive on account of its size.
To this (stage) a path, which was raised from ground level bit by bit,
is constructed from the upper sanctuary of the chapel, whereby the
queen might go up safe from the tumult of the onlookers onto this
higher construction on which a rather conspicuous place along some
steps, which is her royal I highness's throne, screened with tapestries
woven with gold, is prepared for her in such a way that she herself
might easily be seen by all the spectators. Other seats are also put up
for the noblemen and noblewomen in that space which subdivides the
middle of this chapel and in other appropriate places next to this empty
space which the queen decided to sit opposite alone. Royal servants
were carrying lit torches in (their) hands at the sides of the structure
since there was not enough light on account of the night-time darkness.
The materials and decoration in this theatre of King's having been
set up, that very witty comedy of Plautus which they call Aulularia
was performed in the dead of night on Sunday, by the pleasantries of
which she seemed to be somewhat moved, as it were by a country
dance. And although some, whether accustomed to sleep (at that hour)
or by lack of skill in Latin dialogue, took the squandering of so many
hours amiss, she herself nevertheless remained until the last 'Plaudite'
TRANSLATIONS 1563-4
1137
with a very cheerful expression, nor did she offer even any pretext of
tiredness.
But it will be unnecessary to relate how much wit attended the very
funny work of Plautus because of the diligence and great efforts of Dr
Kelke. For it was so decided by common resolution that he be made
as it were the revered master of all the ornamentation, action, and gear,
to know well how to take part in stage plays, since he had been in his
day another Roscius. Four younger masters chosen from the four
larger and more numerous colleges are also given to him as companions
and fellows of (his) watches, who have sweated more than the rest over
the educating of youth. These took charge of the comedy and one
tragedy, as if (they were) the servants of the whole university. The
students of King's College wanted other performances to be their own.
But the time had come for bodies tired by these rather vigorous
pastimes to be refreshed. And when the queen has been led down with
honour to the hall, everyone goes away to their various lodgings.
ff 48v-9 (7August)
ooo
In the silence of this night, a tragic poem of Dido and Aeneas is
brought onto the stage, made up in large part of verses from Virgil.
A former fellow of King's College endured the efforts of stitching
together whereby he imitated the song of Virgil with enthusiasm for
learning but with a weaker instrument, but he worked out the
successive events of the story into I the form of a tragedy in a not
infelicitous way. (It was) a new work, but lovely and polished, and
approved by the judgment of the doctors, unless by chance it should
offend in some way the fastidious and exacting by its length. King's
College provided all the actors. The stage itself is set up in that place
which we noted had been built in the chapel on the previous day. After
the queen had been busied with this sad misfortune of Dido for some
hours, she betook herself at last to rest, (which is) pleasing to mortals.
And here was the end of the third day.
ff 49-9v (8 August)
This night showed that heroic deed of Hezekiah at the time when
he, inflamed with zeal for the divine honour, shattered the brazen
image of the serpent. From this holy source Nicholas I Udall drew off
just as much as he thought sufficient to the true stature of (his) comedy,
and he put all of it into English rhythmic prose, and called it by
1138 TRANSLATIONS 1563-4
Hezekiah's name. But (it was) a wonderful thing how many
pleasantries, how much charm (he put) here in this so serious, holy,
and truthful matter without, nonetheless, interrupting its sure course.
The queen deigned to be present. The students of King's College
performed again alone. After enough had been seen, how pleasing was
the time for rest! These things (were) done on the fourth day.
ff 87v-8 (9 August)
After such great labours had been endured in the daytime, it was
not possible to plan for so excellent a prince to bury herself in
nocturnal study as well, wherefore it was decided that she should not
even catch sight of the not unworthy furies of Ajax in Sophoclean
tragedy even though the supervisors of the plays had both decorated
the entire stage for a tragedy and had the choicest actors made ready,
and also had not been chary of either expense or I late hours. For they
brought down arms of war, clothes shining in splendour, and all the
rest of the gear from London (and) other very remote places, chose
people from the various parts of the university, (and) found a site
suitable and large enough. Even if all this endeavour were made in
King's (College) Chapel, that one (lady) alone was not there who could
be the author and mover of all this activity. And so, most
inconveniently, we who were desirous of seeing that Ajax in his
madness (or that Ajax Flagellifer) did not even happen to see that
madman begin to speak, although we believe firmly that it was most
appropriate (to do so) for the good health of the prince, in which our
own (good health) and that of the state are subsumed, which we ought
to wish for even with groans from God the greatest and best, so that
she might reign unharmed and in safety for a very long time. Therefore
that night the tragedy was silent.
Dramatic
theatre
Abraham Hartwell, Regina Literata sTc: 12897
sigs Ciiij-iiijv*
.oo
Meantime the night draws near, the hour at which one plays by
speaking:
Phoebus dips his panting horses in the deep.
In the royal temple, the vast construction of a great theatre I
Stood, made of knotty oak.
TRANSLAT|ONS 1563-4 1139
Plautus'
Aululana
In that place, the young men prepare happy spectacles,
The subject of the ancient stage and many jests;
Also the tragic rage of iron, the complaining tragic actors,
Mournful funerals in which they sound in sad misfortune.
Who (would) dare to offer (her) Majesty melodious trifles,
To have placed before her petty pantomimists?
The most stingy Euclio sleeps upon the buried gold,
And the miser hides his wealth as if he does not have it.
The cash, evilly entrusted, alas!, to Silvanus,
Has perished, despoiled by the hand of the thieving slave.
That stupid man lost his mind along with his cash: mad,
He decided to enter the infernal lakes in his sorrow.
(But) a youth restored the cash: to him the daughter,
Chaste daughter of an unworthy father, is given in marriage.
As the east grows bright, the next morning rises red,
And the Sun loosens the reins of his horses which are about to fly.
sigs Djv-iiij
The tragic story Night falls, and a great and ancient work
of Dido and Of high-sounding history resounds with tragic cries:
Aeneas
How great Aeneas, carried by sea across all the seas, I
Reached as an exile the fields of Sydonian soil,
With his goddess mother showing the way, following the fates granted
(to him).
He seeks both a refuge in dire straits and succour.
Dido received (him) and established him in a share of her kingdom,
And Juno as pronuba lit their sacred wedding torches.
They go hunting, a terrible storm forces (them)
Into one cave: here was their marriage rite.
Pious Aeneas delays; fallen from on high
The messenger of the gods bore (him) heavenly commands:
'Do you not see the kingdoms granted by fate and the promised
sceptres,
(And) whatever kingdoms lie under the western sky?
Do not the Lycian prophecies, nor Lavinia (your) wife,
Nor (your) son Ascanius nor the granted fates move you at all?'
Nor was that a dream. But in broad daylight
He enjoyed a meeting and converse with a god.
By the warning of the gods he compels his comrades to the beaches,
He readies the fleet, he prepares together arms and flight.
TRANSLATIONS 1563--4 1141
Address to
the Queen
The great host in dusky armour proves his words.
One might say that no darkness was so thick.
Whatever sort of people (live) under the sun were there, even the
painted Agathyrsi
And those whom the rising Phoebus beholds in warm climates.
Who, Jerusalem, has seen that you trembled at such great tumult,
That you have been astounded at such great evils?
The king, troubled in his heart by unforeseen war,
Speaks sad words before the altar as he prays:
'Almighty, because indeed the constant care of thine own
Concerns thee, nor art thou accustomed to hesitate for long,
O take arms with us, we pray, and fight:
If you do not, (there is) no hope, no help.
Captured, we die, nor has our fortune any recourse,
And already now the bloody fates drag forth (their) miserable
(victims).
They call for war: let them call again, while the faithless foe
Demands that not we, but thy Godhead, go to war.'
He spoke: the matrons and young wives sigh out (their) devout
prayers.
Behind them, the youths seek God in (their) hearts.
The first sleep scarcely closed the eyes of the Assyrians,
Scarcely was there a respite at the beginning of night:
A secret plague, unknown, enters the camp, whose
Onset (is) one with the failing of life.
It spreads, alas!, with a soft touch, and deceives the sleepers
And spews bitter poison in unknown ways.
The irreligious throng lies still, harsh Fate frees
Scarcely anyone of so great an army from the evils (she has) loosed.
Huge in armament and of a huge body, Rabsaccus
Suffers death from no wound.
One day had sent all the Syrians to war;
One day destroyed those sent to war.
So the twofold tragedy was allotted a happy ending,
The offerings of the youth of King's were slight.
Live long, most gracious lady! Nothing in the whole world is
more famous
Nothing in the world more courteous than this (our) ruler.
For what have we given you ? With what gifts, O Queen, have we stayed
You? What of ours was sweet (enough) for you
That you would sit, tired, for long hours and nights
While the actor spouts hoarse sounds from (his) throat?
1142 TRANSLATIONS 1563-4
For what good are clumsy verse, tragical stories,
Light scenes? (They are) nothing except noise.
Why loud trifles, and tearful Dido ordered
Once again to die of a feigned wound?
And why (is) Aeneas an exile again, and walls made like
Those which used to be of rising Tyre?
Or why do the people of Palestine (suffer) renewed dangers,
Once deadly to (their) author?
At least you recognize the small offerings of the grateful throng;
Although the gifts are less than your majesty.
We devote ourselves to you as much, O Most August Lady, as
possible,
Although our gift is neither great nor even adequate.
Letters from Guzmdn de Silva to the King of Spain
Simancas: Archivo General, Legajo 817
f 76 (7 August)
As I have written to your Majesty, the queen is to visit several places
in the neighbourhood and will not return until the end of September,
but she will not go far, and is already at the most distant point in her
journey, a town called Cambridge, where there is a university. They
are celebrating there some literary ceremonies and representations
which have greatly pleased her.
f 78 (12 August)
The queen has been at Cambridge where there were some dramatic
representations by the students, and the gathering where the
propositions mentioned in my letter of the 7 'h instant were discussed,
and she has now departed to finish her iourney, which has been
shortened, and she will arrive some days before the time arranged ....
Letter from Guzmdn de Silva to the Duchess of Parma
Simancas: Archivo General, Legajo 817
f 82* (19 August)
ooo
When the queen was at Cambridge they represented comedies and held
scientific disputations, and an argument on religion, in which the man
TRANSLATIONS 1563-6
1143
who defended Catholicism was attacked by those who presided, in
order to avoid having to give him the prize. The queen made a speech
praising the acts and exercises, and they wished to give her another
representation which she refused, in order to be no longer delayed.
Those who were so anxious for her to hear it, followed her to her first
stopping-place, and so importuned her that at last she consented. The
actors came in dressed as some of the imprisoned bishops. First came
the bishop of London carrying a lamb in his hands as if he were eating
it as he walked along, and then others with different devices, one being
in the figure of a dog with the Host in his mouth. They write that the
queen was so angry that she at once entered her chamber using strong
language, and the men who held the torches, it being night, left them
in the dark, and so ended the thoughtless and scandalous
representation.
Thomas Fuller, Outline History of the University JEL: R.2.5
opening 27
The queen visited Cambridge where she, greeted by scholarly
comedies and tragedies and entertained by scholastic disputations,
travelled through each college ....
CUJ
For William
Gibbons against
William Mason
1565-6
Utinam CUA: Collect. Admin. 13
f 87v* (26 March)
ooo
On which, etc, William Gibbons appeared and sought from Mason
24 s 8 d owed for a musical instrument called a tenor hautboy, as
appears by the said Mason's bond, in the presence of the said Mason
acknowledging that the aforesaid things were true. Wherefore the lord
(vice-chancellor) decreed with the consent of the said Gibbons that
12 s 4 d were to be paid by Mason on the next feast of St John the
Baptist and that 12 s 4 d were to be paid on the 12 th of September next
to come after the date of this writing. And the said Mason provided
guarantors for the said payments: Christopher Russell, burgess and
chandler; Michael Auger, waferer; and Richard Gravers, shoemaker,
who, after the bond had been formulated according to the law,
promised, etc, with expenses.
TRANSLATIONS 1569--73 1145
f 12"
oo.
The ceremonies of salting new students shall be completely abolished
on account of the many inconveniences which result from them;
nevertheless, small expenditures at banquets can be retained.
f 12v*
No one shall be a lord of games at Christmas, by whatever name he
is called, without the consent of the chancellor and the heads of the
colleges.
1571-2
Peterhouse Computus Roll
single mb (Payments within college)
... And (they account) for 7 s 6 d for James Silcocke building a stage
in the hall for the comedy. And for2 s 6 d for twelve pounds of candles
for the comedy. And for 20 d for the steward for wine at the dinner
party. And for 8 d for repairing the cressets in the hall ....
(Pensions and wages)
...And (they account) for 16 d for pipers' wages ....
1572-3
Peterhouse Computus Roll
single mb* (Payments within college)
...And (they account) for 8 d for nails (or keys) for the comedies. And
for 16 d for the carriage of a bench. And for 8 s 6 d for candles. And
for 6 d for yellow-coloured (or earthenware) candlesticks .... And for
11 s 5 d for James Silcocke and others for the construction of a stage
in the hall. And for 16 d for a huntsman for his dogs. And for 12 d
for a painter. And for 3 s 4 d for a joiner repairing the cressets in the
hall ....
(Pensions and wages)
...And (they account) for 16 d for pipers' wages ....
TRANSLATIONS 1580-1
my Pedantius, which I - while the playful folly of my youth was
strong - put on with masked actors to be seen in university theatre,
that in this kind of thing excessively stupid and putrid dulness would
be laughed at ....
1149
Letter from Andrew Perne vc and Heads to Lord Burgbley,
Chancellor 13L: Lansdowne 33, Art. 29
f 58* (2s April)
Forgive (us), we pray, most honourable Burleigh, if we introduce
among your very great responsibilities - which now scarcely leave you
time to breathe - a brief complaint, but yet a necessary one: be, we
beg, as willing to defend our liberties as you were to help us obtain
them. But you shall know all of our petition in a few words. Last
Sunday, (a day) especially intended for holy matters, some hardly sane
people from our neighbouring Chesterton put on a public show of
bear-baiting so that their effrontery might act as a check to the exercise
of devotion. When the vice-chancellor iudged that they should be
immediately warned by the proctor about this matter and that they
should be cited as the authors of such a great crime, a riotous
intervention was made by an unruly pair of brothers whom they call
the Parises, who were punished for their improper behaviour a few
years ago in a similar case by a senior judge (possibly the chief justice?).
But then when the proctor was the more insistent to do his duty and
wondered what this their signal disobedience was supposed to
accomplish, he received an abusive reply from them. For they said that
he was a wretch and clearly of the common sort and that his magistracy
was worthless, and they bragged that the authority of the university
would count for nothing in their eyes. They also made threats and were
carried to such a pitch of fury that, unless our men had remitted
somewhat their proper severity, there was a danger that they would
have sent away the proctor together with all his men badly hurt.
We are not concerned by how shameful an event this is, that our
privileges - which have been nonetheless dear to you as a result of
your singular patronage - are scorned by the unlettered mob; this only
we warn, that unless steps are taken to curb this unrestrained licence
at once and quickly, there will be a convenient loophole available to
them for this meretricious occupation and a whole most impure cohort
of crimes, since this one was planned with impunity. And since it is
not right for us to administer any healing medicine to this deep-seated
disease, we beg for your providential help - which is usually very
1150 TRANSLATIONS 1580-3
CUJ
CUJ
ready to hand in adverse circumstances - with as much humility as
possible.
But if at some time, after the more important business of the realm
is done, you should summon those two Parises and their remaining
fellows in the same plot by one of the royal messengers and impose
a penalty suited to such great crimes, then you will without doubt
discomfit the daring, now strengthened, of evil folk; you will protect
our liberties from destruction; you will block every entrance for an
evil (which is) increasing every day; and you will by this act add by
far the greatest consummation to the rest of your good deeds for the
university. But we behave stupidly to warn carelessly him from whom
we ought to seek counsel. Wherefore, most illustrious Burghley, we
entrust this common cause of the university in its entirety, important
and worrisome (as it is) to your judgment. We leave the fuller narration
of it to our courier lest by writing too much we are troublesome ....
Depositions concerning a Bearbaiting at Cbesterton
BL: Lansdowne 33, Art. 32
ff 64-5
(The following is the conclusion of English depositions)
A careful comparison having been . I Matthew Stokys, notary
made and checked with the original f" public, do so attest.
And we, Andrew Perne, professor of sacred theology, vice-chancellor
of the gracious university of Cambridge, inasmuch as we have, at the
humble petition of the aforesaid proctor, required oath-taking and
heard the depositions of each and every one of the aforementioned
witnesses, we therefore affix the seal of our office to the present
(document) in faith and witness of all the aforementioned on the sixth
day of the month of May in the year of the Lord 1581 and the twenty-
third year of the reign of our lady Queen Elizabeth, etc.
1582-3
Buckle Book CUA: Collect. Admin. 6a
p 228* (23 February)
e lord (vice-chancellor)ex officio against Sir Mudde of Pembroke
Sir Mudde of Pembroke Hall, BA, is committed to prison (in) the
Tolbooth for three days, because in a stage production or comedy that
he himself had composed he seemed to have represented the mayor
of the town of Cambridge and to have portrayed him in too much
TRANSLATIONS 1582-6 1151
Bloodshed: 3 s
4 d in the care
of the lord
vice-chancellor
detail. And on 26 February, the same Mudde, by order of the lord vice-
chancellor, acknowledged his fault before the aforesaid mayor and
begged pardon from the same, who in the presence of me, Matthew
Stokes, willingly agreed to his request.
On the same day, Miles Mosses, MA, is imprisoned in the Tolbooth
because he broke the head of Master Thexton and shed blood while
the stage production was being put on in Pembroke Hall. And
moreover he is fined 3 s 4 d for the shedding of blood.
Ex officio proceedings (of the lord vice-chancellor) against Evaunce
On the same day, (blank) Evaunce, scholar of Pembroke Hall, is
committed to jail for three days because, (although he was) summoned
by the bedell, he hid and failed to appear before the lord vice-
chancellor. And on 25 February in public, in School Street (literally,
in public or open School Street) before all the schoolboys he was
beaten, because he proposed offensive, stupid, and insulting questions
during the disputation-exercise of the questionists and because he laid
about with a club and threw stones when the stage plays were being
shown at Corpus Christi College.
CUJ
1585-6
Buckle Book CUA: Collect. Admin. 6a
pp 351-2
Certain acts in the case of John Smyth, MA
On the first day of Lent 1585 according to, etc, the aforesaid master
preached. In that preaching, some of his statements offered an occasion
of offence. He therefore appeared on 21 February before Doctor
Perne, the lord deputy of the vice-chancellor, in the presence of
Doctors Styli, Bell, Norgate, Legge, and Hatcher, and of Master
Barwell, and by his own manual subscription acknowledged that he
had spoken the following words, that is: If what I have heard be true,
I certainly curse plays of that sort, both the actors and the onlookers.
If I were to use my own judgment concerning them (ie, the
participants), I would certainly think they were either damned or to
be devils in the future. O the times, o the manners, o the magistracies !
(English) to be on holiday from the setting of the sun on the previous
day; to take a holiday from the common duties of life for twenty-four
hours on the sabbath by divine law.
1152 TRANSLATIONS 1585-6
On 26 February in the year of the Lord 1585 according to, etc, in the
great chamber of the lord vice-chancellor of the gracious university
of Cambridge, Humphrey Tyndall, professor of sacred theology,
within Queen's College in the presence of the aforesaid vice-
chancellor; Doctors Styli, Goad, Peter Baro, Norgate, and Legg; and
Masters Chaderton, Whitacres, and Barwell, bachelors of sacred
theology, the following questions were proposed by John Smyth, MA,
collected from a sermon ad clerum delivered by him on the first day
of Lent in the aforesaid year. To these questions, the aforesaid Smyth
replied as follows and the aforesaid vice-chancellor and the rest of
those sitting stated their judgment on the aforesaid questions as
follows.
Whether the Christian sabbath must by divine law be celebrated from
evening to evening
Smyth No
the rest
Whether the length of time of the Lord's Day must by divine law
extend for the period of twenty-four hours
Smith Yes
all the rest No
Whether the Christian sabbath be violated when something is done
that would be neither necessary nor of a religious nature.
Smyth
All the rest
Yes; only "necessary' shall not be
interpreted too strictly
No; only those actions shall not
hinder religious observance or even
be a slight stumbling-block to
the brethren
Whether Christians are as strictly bound to the observance of the
Lord's Day with respect to works as the Jews are to the observance
of the Sabbath
Smyth No
the rest
TRANSLATIONS 1585-90 1153
And subsequently the aforesaid Smyth promised and took upon
himself to interpret his viewpoint on the doubtful matters
ambiguously put forward by him in the aforesaid sermon more
broadly, more fully, and more plainly in another sermon ad clerum
to be delivered either at the end of this term or the beginning of the
coming (one), with this provision, however, that he shall present in
advance what he is going to say in writing to the lord vice-chancellor
in good faith and after the same has been approved by his (the vice-
chancellor's) iudgment in all respects, he shall teach the people in his
sermon ad clerum.
Reformation
15.
1587-8
St John's College, Fellows" Petition to the Commissioners
CUA: CUR 93 (Art. 9)
f 2v
(English)
Nor shall there be any lord of games, lotteries, rituals of salting, and
ceremonies of whatever kind made use of unless permission be asked
for and obtained from the lord vice chancellor and the master of the
college.
St John's College, 43 Complaints against William Whitaker, Master
CUA: CUR 6.1 (Art. 35)
f 2*
(Charge) Sixteen: Under chapter ten of the statutes, students may
perform in comedies or tragedies to be held according to the discretion
of the reader in humane letters and the will of the rest of the examiners.
(English)
1589-90
King's College Mundum Book 19.3 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Likewise paid to musicians on the Coronation Day
2s
1154
"I'RANSLATIONS 1589-90
(Christmas term)
Likewise paid to some piper, a new-comer, in rewards
Likewise paid to musicians at the Purification
Likewise paid to a piper
12 d
2s
12 d
cuJ
.1.
.2.
.3.
.4.
.5.
.6.
.7.
Commissary's Court Book CuA: Comm. Ct. II.4
f 42*
Personal replies of William Bird to the positions and articles of a matter
or an allegation given ex parte William Gibbon in a case of injury
moved by the said Gibbon against the aforesaid William Byrd, made
on the sixth day of July in the year of the Lord 1590 before Master
William Revell, t.t.B, surrogate of the venerable man, Master Thomas
Legge, LLD, commissary of the University of Cambridge, etc, in the
upper chamber of the said lord surrogate within Trinity Hall,
Cambridge, in the presence of me, John Smithe, notary public, etc.
To the first article he replies that he does not believe anything
contained in this article to be true.
To the second article he replies that he does not believe anything
contained in this article to be true.
To the third article he replies that he believes the things contained in
this article to be true.
To the fourth article he replies that he does not believe anything
contained in this article to be true.
To the fifth article he replies that he does not believe anything
contained in this article to be true.
To the sixth article he replies that the things confessed by him before
are true, etc; and that he believes the things (which were) believed by
him and does not believe the things (which were) not believed by him;
and that he does not believe otherwise.
To the seventh article he replies that he does not believe this article
to contain in it truth in any particular.
The sign of William Bird: WB
TRANSLATIONS 1589-90 ! 155
.1.
.2.
.4.
.5.
.7.
ff 44v-5v*
Depositions of the witnesses produced ex parte William Gibbon upon
the positions and articles of a matter or an allegation given ex parte
the said Gibbon in a case of injury moved by him against William Bird,
made on the fifth day of September in the year of the Lord 1590 before
Master Thomas Legge, LLD, commissary of the gracious University
of Cambridge, etc, in his upper chamber within Gonville and Caius
College, Cambridge, in the presence of me, John Smithe, notary
public, etc.
Richard Walker of Cambridge in the county of Cambridge - formerly
a chamberlain at the sign of the Falcon in the aforesaid city of
Cambridge - where he has stayed for about half of the last year past,
before (which) (he was) at Newmarket in the county of Suffolk for
the space of one year for thereabouts 1 and earlier at Cambridge
aforesaid for the space of two years or thereabouts, born at Langham
in the county of Norfolk, twenty years of age or thereabouts, of a free
condition, as he says, having been examined as the first witness in this
case, deposes as follows, that is:
To the first article he deposes (English). And that otherwise he does
not know how to depose.
To the second article he does not know how to depose.
To the third article he deposes (English). And otherwise he does not
know how to depose.
To the fourth article he does not know how to depose, but submits
himself to the law.
To the fifth article he does not know how to depose.
To the sixth article he deposes that the things deposed by him before
are true, etc, and that otherwise he does not know how to depose.
To the seventh article he does not know how to depose but he submits
himself to the law.
(signature of Richard Walker)
John/kndrewe, minstrel, of Cambridge in the county of Cambridge,
where he has stayed [for the period] without interruption from the
1156 TRANSLATIONS 1589--91
.!.
.2.
.3.
.4.
.5.
.6.
.7.
feast of Easter last past, (and) earlier at Bradenham in the county (of)
Buckingham with the honourable man, the lord of Windsor, for the
space of four years or thereabouts, born at Walthamstow in the county
(of) Essex, twenty-two years of age or thereabouts, of a free condition,
as he says, having been examined as the second witness in this case,
deposes as follows, that is:
To the first article he deposes in the affirmative (English). And
otherwise he does not know how to depose.
To the second article he deposes in the affirmative.
To the third article he deposes (English). And that otherwise he does
not know how to depose.
To the fourth article he deposes that he submits himself to the law and
that otherwise he does not know.
To the fifth article he does not know how to depose.
To the sixth article he deposes that the things deposed by him before
are true, etc, and that otherwise he does not know how to depose.
To the seventh article he deposes in the affirmative.
The sign of John Andrew
1590-1
King's College Mundum Book 19.4 KCA
nf (Christmas term) (Fees and rewards) If 1]
Likewise paid to the earl of Derby's trumpeters in rewards
on the feast of the Epiphany 3 s 4 d
Likewise paid to Gibon, the musician, on the feast of the
Purification 2 s
Likewise paid in rewards to three trumpeters on Shrove
Tuesday
2d
TRANSLATIONS 1590-1
1157
CUJ
Allegations o]: William Bird against William Gibbons
CUA: V.C. Ct. 1.72 (6.9)
single sheet*
Before you, the honourable man Master Robert Some, professor of
sacred theology of the gracious university of Cambridge, vice-
chancellor, or any other judge whomsoever competent in this matter,
the party of the honest man William Birde of Cambridge against
William Gibbons, son of (blank) Gibbons of the aforesaid Cambridge
and also against any other person lawfully coming before you in
judgment on behalf of the same (William Gibbons), by summary
means, for all better and more efficacious, etc, also for the purpose
of the benefit of law, (its) effect, etc, states, alleges, and in these
writings deposes article by article in law as follows, that is,
First, (English) in the month of November in the year of the Lord 1590
instant and on the twenty-first day of the aforesaid month of
November, between the hours of 3:00 and 4:00 am of the same day -
nevertheless, that party (ie, that of William Gibbons) deposes another
day and another hour - (English) - nevertheless, that party deposes
another period of time - and (that party) pleads that another deed or
some other deeds of the aforesaid William Gibbons occurred and was/
were done against the aforesaid William Birde at the time and place
aforesaid. And he deposes (concerning these facts) jointly (and)
severally, and concerning any (of them) (that they are true).
Likewise that the said William Birde estimates the aforesaid injury at
the value of 40 s of legal English money and he would not wish to be
paid the sum of 40 s of the same money in order that he might endure
an injury of this kind, but he would rather lose the sum of 40 s of the
same money from his own goods than suffer the aforesaid injury. And
he deposes as above.
Likewise that the same William Birde was and is of the aforesaid
Cambridge and a household servant or iommon servant of the
university of Cambridge and by this (same) pretext and by reason of
the aforementioned facts and due to other causes the said William
Gibbons was and is a subject of, and subject to the jurisdiction of, the
lord vice-chancellor of the university of Cambridge. And he deposes
as above.
Likewise that each and every one of the aforementioned matters had
been and is true, public, well-known, manifest, and also recognized;
and concerning and about the same common talk and repute flourished
1158 TRANSLATIONS 1590-1
CUJ
.1.
.2.
.4.
.5.
and now flourish in the aforesaid Cambridge and in other places
neighbouring and surrounding the same. And he deposes as above.
Wherefore, an oath having been made, etc, the party of the same
William Birde seeks that right and justice be done and effectively
served on his behalf in each and every one of the aforementioned points
concerning these matters by you and your definitive decision or your
final decree, lord Judge aforesaid, together with the expenses incurred
and to be incurred on his behalf in this matter. Deposing the
aforementioned and seeking that (the aforesaid) be done jointly and
severally, not constraining himself, etc, but as much, etc, by benefit
of law, etc, by humbly petitioning your office, lord Judge aforesaid.
Commissary's Court Book CUA: Comm. Ct. 11.4
ff 45v-6v*
ooo
The fourteenth of December 1590
John Martyn, chamberlain, of Newmarket in the county of
Cambridge, (English) where he has stayed for the space of the last two
months past (and) earlier at Cambridge in the aforesaid county of
Cambridge for the space of ten years or thereabouts, born at Hadleigh
in the county of Suffolk, twenty years of age or thereabouts, of a free
condition, as he says, examined as the third witness in the case,
deposed as follows, that is:
To the first article he deposes (English). And otherwise he does not
know how to depose.
To the second article he deposes that he believes the things contained
in this article to be true and otherwise he does not know for certain
how to depose.
To the third article he deposes (English). And that otherwise he does
not know how to depose.
To the fourth article he deposes that he does not know how to depose
but he submits himself to the law in this regard.
To the fifth article he does not know how to depose.
.6. To the sixth article he deposes that the things deposed by him before
.7.
TRANSLATIONS 1590-1
are true, etc, and that he believes the things which were believed by
him and otherwise he does not know how to depose.
To the seventh article he deposes that he believes the things contained
in this article to be true and otherwise he does not know how to
depose.
(signature of John Martyn)
1159
.1.
f 66v
The personal replies of William Gibbon of Cambridge to the positions
and articles of the bill of exceptions given elsewhere ex parte William
Bird in a cause of injury moved against the same William Bird by the
aforesaid William Gibbon, made on the third day of February in the
year of the Lord according to the reckoning (of the English church)
1591 before Master William Revell, LH3, duly constituted surrogate
of Master Thomas Legge, LLD, commissary of the University of
Cambridge, etc, in the upper chamber of the said lord surrogate within
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in the presence of me, John Smithe, notary
public, etc.
To the first article he replies that he submits himself to the law and
that otherwise he does not believe anything contained in this article
to be true.
.2.
.3.
To the second article he replies that he does not believe anything
contained in the article to be true.
To the third article he replies that he believes (English). And that
otherwise he does not believe anything contained in this article to be
true.
.4.
To the fourth article he replies that the things confessed by him before
are true, etc, and that he believes the things (which were) believed by
him and does not believe the things (which were) not believed by him.
And that otherwise he does not believe anything contained in this
article to be true.
The sign of William Gibbon
1162 TRANSLATIONS 1595-6
CUJ
CUJ
nf (Christmas term) (Repairs in Cambridge) [f 2]
First, paid to Peere and a servant working in the hall about the stages
for 2 days 4 s
Likewise paid for three workmen about the same task 3 s
Complaint concerning a Bearbaiting at the Elephant
CUA: V.C. Ct. 1.74
f 4* (14 June)
The office of the lord (vice-chancellor) against the aforesaid Knightes
at the promotion of the senior proctor
Because it appeared from the account and testimony of the senior
proctor that after several days had passed (English), he therefore
condemned the aforesaid Knightes to pay the sum of forty shillings
of lawful English money to the use of the university according to the
tenor of the statutes of the same together with the ordinary expenses
(of the court). And he turned him (ie, Knightes) over to (the proctor?)
for execution (of this sentence) until he fully pays the aforesaid sum
of 40 s together with expenses.
Acta Curiae cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.3
ff 109v-10* (Saturday, 28 August)
Office of the lord (vice-chancellor) against Brigit Edmunds, wife of
John Edmunds, Jr, of Cambridge, MA, of the parish of St Botolph in
the same place
(English)
And because the said Brigit Edmunds was and is a person enjoying
the privileges of the gracious university of Cambridge, this business
has been and is being made known and signified to the aforesaid lord
vice-chancellor, together with a copy of the aforesaid detection by the
official of the lord archdeacon of Ely, before whom the said Brigit has
previously appeared and refused the jurisdiction of the said lord
official. Therefore, a decree is being issued by the aforesaid lord vice-
chancellor for the said Brigit Edmunds to appear at those, etc, and to
reply to the aforesaid article or the aforesaid presentment. On which,
etc, ihe said Brigit appeared in accordance with the warning given her
by Benjamin Prime, bedell. When the aforesaid article was charged
TRANSLATIONS 1595-6 1163
against the aforementioned Brigit Edmunds, the same Brigit denied
that the aforesaid article and the things contained in the same was or
were true. Thereupon the lord (vice-chancellor) ordered the same
Brigit Edmunds to clear herself by the compurgation of six of her
honest neighbour women of the parish of St Botolph of the aforesaid
town of Cambridge or partly of the same parish and partly of the
neighbouring parish nearest to the same on Monday next coming at
9:00 am on the same day in the chamber of the aforesaid lord vice-
chancellor, and he decreed that all objectors, if there were any, etc,
must appear at that time and place in the presence of the said Brigit
Edmunds.
The office of the lord (vice-chancellor) against William Covyll, srB,
fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge.
For the cause written immediately above. And because the aforesaid
Master William Covyll was and is a bachelor of sacred theology and
a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge and a person possessing the
liberties and enjoying the privileges of the aforesaid gracious university
of Cambridge, this sort of business has been and is being made known
and signified to the lord vice-chancellor by the official I of the lord
archdeacon of Ely. Wherefore a decree is being issued by the aforesaid
lord vice-chancellor to Master William Covyll to appear at those, etc,
to reply to the aforesaid article or the aforesaid presentment. On
which, etc, the said Master William Covyll appeared in accordance
with the warning made to him in the form of an article (or article by
article) by Master Brooke, bedell. When the aforesaid article had been
charged against the same Master William Covyll, the same William
Covyle denied that the same article was true. Wherefore the lord (vice-
chancellor) ordered the same William Covyle to clear himself by the
compurgation of six of his honest neighbour men, that is, of clerics
living within the aforesaid university of Cambridge, if it can
conveniently be done, or of clerics for the greater part at least or of
resident graduates of the aforesaid university of Cambridge not
dwelling in places far from it, on Monday next coming at 9:00 am of
the same day in the chamber of the aforesaid lord vice-chancellor in
his aforesaid chamber. And he decreed that a public announcement
of it should take place in the parish church of St Botolph of the
aforesaid town of Cambridge on the next day (ie, Sunday, 29 August)
at time of divine service at morning prayer and that whatever objectors
there may be must appear at that time and place to make objection
against the said William Covyll and his compurgators or (against) the
164 TRA NSLAI'IONS 1.595-6
Second
objector
manner or form of his aforesaid compurgation if they think they have
any such interest in it in the presence of the said William Covyll.
ff 116-16v* (30 August; afternoon session)
(Challenge to compurgators Montaigne and Crowfoote)
...Besides the aforesaid John Edmunds, Jr objected against the
aforesaid Master Covill (English). I
And upon this charge and to prove that the same is true, the said John
Edmunds, Jr produced as a witness the aforesaid Master George
Mowntayne. This Master Mowntayne, having been sworn by the
aforesaid vice-chancellor to an oath by touching (the Gospels), etc,
to tell the truth in this matter, by virtue of his aforesaid oath deposed
in the negative (English)
Then the aforementioned Brigit Edmunds objected or made exception
against the aforesaid Master George Mowntayne and against the
aforesaid Master John Crofoote, two of the aforesaid compurgators,
just as is contained in two little sheets of paper already shown by John
Edmunds her husband, of which (sheets) a true copy follows, that is:
(English).
John Fletcher,
witness
ff 119v-20v* (6 September; afternoon session) (Testimony of John
Fletcher)
Then John Edmunds, Jr produced as a witness John Fletcher of
Ware, whose arrival the same John Edmunds, Jr has been awaiting for
a long time, once the household servant of the same John Edmunds,
Jr, fourteen years of age or thereabout. At the request of the said John
Edmunds, the lord (vice-chancellor) swore him to a corporal oath by
touching (the Gospels), etc, to tell the truth about the things to be
asked him. This John Fletcher, having been asked (English), said by
virtue of his aforesaid oath (English). Then the same John Fletcher
having been asked (English), the said John Fletcher by virtue of his
aforesaid oath deposed (Engltsh) I. He says that he did not see
(English). Then, after a conversation took place between the aforesaid
Masters John Edmunds, Jr and Covyll about comedies and especially
about the comedy called commonly The Comedy of Fatum (English),
the same Master John Edmunds, Jr showed some other sheet of paper,
saying as follows, or to a like effect, that is, (English) the said Master
John Edmunds said (English) ....
TRANSLATIONS 1601-5
and scholars of the university of Cambridge on the condition that the
said Sir Thomson will personally and in his proper person appear on
the next court day before the next Ash Wednesday coming to fulfill
the bond written above.
And on the twelfth day of February 1601, the said Thomson appeared
in the consistory, etc, and the lord decreed that if the said Thomson
paid the fees owing to the court he would be dismissed.
(English)
1171
CUF
1603-4
University Audit Book cuA: U.Ac. 2(1)
p 391
Likewise, (money was) paid to Doctor Mountagne for the privy seal
against stage players and bearwards, etc. 12 s
Likewise, (money was) paid to the royal pipers. 6 s
CUS
1604-5
Letters Patent from James t to the University
mbs 33-4* (4 March)
PRO: C66/1652
...And since the Lord Henry In, once king of England, our
predecessor, granted by his letters patent bearing the date 24 July in
the fifty-fourth year of his reign to the masters and scholars of
Cambridge University aforesaid that no tournaments, joustings,
jousts, or tourneys mentioned in the same letters patent would take
place thereafter in the aforesaid town or for five miles round about just
as more plainly is clear and apparent through the same letters patent,
we by our fuller favour, certain knowledge, and free volition prohibit
and forbid by the present (document) for ourselves, our heirs and
successors any plays or scenes of actors; feats of rope-walkers,
acrobats, (or) athletes; baitings of bears or of bulls; tricks and
frivolities of jesters or those who carry about puppets; or in short other
contentious contests or time-wasting spectacles of any kind usually
presented or shown to the people for gain, from being offered or
exhibited from now on within the aforesaid town or within five miles
from the same, and both on our behalf and that of our heirs and
successors in perpetuity we grant full power and authority to the said
TRANSLATIONS 1606-7 1173
cuJ
nf (Fees and rewards) If 1]
Likewise paid to the musicians on the lord king's (holiday), the fifth
of November 2 s 6 d
(Christmas term)
Likewise paid to the musicians on the feast of the
Purification
2s6d
[f lv]
Likewise paid to the trumpeters of the lord king
(English)
12d
nf (Annunciation term) (Repairs in Cambridge) [f 2]
Likewise paid for the repair of various windows, both in the fellows'
bedrooms and in the common hall and parlour, broken at the time of
the English comedies, beyond the 36 s 8 d received by the agency of
master vice-provost 4 s 10 d
Acta Curiae cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.37
ff 17-18" (27 February)
Purely ex officio proceeding of the lord (vice-chancellor) against John
Wooley in a cause or on the business of correction
On which, etc, the said Wolley appeared. Robert Forester and John
Treve also appeared. They, having sworn a corporal oath, affirmed by
virtue of their oaths (English). Wherefore the lord (vice-chancellor),
rendering his decision in this case, condemned the said Woolley
according to the ordinance or decree promulgated elsewhere in this
regard on the twenty-third day of the month of February 1607 and
decreed that the said Woolley would remain and be securely kept in
the Tolbooth until next Saturday. And at the twelfth hour he will sit
in the public market near (English).
William Wallis son of widow Wallis of Cambridge confessed (English)
! 176 TRANSLATIONS 1611--13
(Against) John Thrower of Benedict it is charged (English). He
appeared and acknowledges (English).
(Against) Townsende of Benedict: a like charge is made against the same
and he acknowledges (English), and a like sentence is decreed and
carried out against him as against Thrower.
(Against) Robert Smyth, the household servant of Leonard Glascocke:
since he did not appear when he had been called, (English) in the
presence of Masters Sanders, Prime, and Tillet.
1612-13
King's College Mundum Book 23.2 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Necessary expenses) If Iv]
Paid to the musicians on the fifth of November
2s6d
nf (Christmas term) (Fees and rewards) If Iv]
Paid to the musicians on the feast of the Purification
Paid to the same on the wedding day of Lady Elizabeth
Paid to the trumpeters at the arrival of the princes
[f 2]
Paid to the musicians on the feast of the Annunciation
2s6d
3s4d
3s4d
2s6d
CUM
Memorandum concerning Royal Visit GCL: 73/40
f 236*
The Count Palatine's speech
We thank you for your rejoicing at our arrival at this distinguished
university and for your receiving of us with such great hospitality. We
beg each and every one of you to be persuaded of our kindly feelings
toward you.
TRANSLATIONS 1612--15 1177
I am happy to have achieved something which I have wished for
greatly for a long time, namely to be allowed to travel about even this
dwelling-place of the Muses and garland of the virtues, as well as
among the other ornaments of the most illustrious realm of England.
And ! give thanks that you have shown yourselves to be gracious in
receiving me, most punctilious in honouring me. The memory of your
kindness and zeal for my visit will never perish in my heart: and I
assure you that whatever resources or activities for adorning or aiding
your Muses lie in my power are devoted to the cause of each and every
one of you.
1613-14
King's College Mundum Book 23.3 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) If 1]
Paid to the musicians on the fifth of November
2s6d
[f lv] (Christmas term)
ooo
Paid to the trumpeters in rewards on the tenth of January
Paid to the musicians upon hearing of the happy delivery
of Lady Elizabeth, daughter of King James
Paid to the musicians on the feast of the Purification
2s6d
2s6d
2s6d
(Annunciation term)
Paid to the king's trumpeters
5s
[f 2] (St John the Baptist term)
Paid to the trumpeters
5s
1614-15
King's College Mundum Book 23.4 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
ooo
Paid to the musicians on the fifth of November
Paid to the trumpeter
2s6d
12d
1180
TRANSLATIONS 1616-18
(Annunciation term)
Likewise for trumpeters of the earl of Essex
2s
[f 2] (St John the Baptist term)
Likewise for trumpeters of my lord treasurer
5s
1617-18
King's College Mundum Book 24.1 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Necessary expenses) If l v]
Paid (to) the musicians on the fifth of November
2 s 6 (d)
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Paid to trumpeters of the earl of Essex
2s
[f Iv] (Christmas term)
o.o
Spent for trumpeters of Prince Charles
Paid to the musicians on the second of February
4s
2 (s) 6 (d)
[f 2]
Paid to trumpeters of Lord Essex
2s
(Annunciation term)
Paid to musicians on the feast of the Annunciation and on the twenty-
fourth of March [when the regnal (year) begins] 5 s [6] d
If 2v]
Paid to trumpeters of the duke of Lennox
2s6d
TRANSLATIONS 1622--4 1185
[f Iv] (Christmas term)
o.o
Likewise for trumpeters of the duke of Lennox on the eighth
of March 2 s 6 d
Paid to the musicians on the feast of the Annunciation of the
Blessed Virgin
5s
(Annunciation term)
Likewise for trumpeters of the lord king
6s8d
[f 2]
Paid to trumpeters of the earl of Pembroke
3s
Private Letter from William Beale to William Boswell PRO: SP15/43
fl*
...But, sir, you ask for news. I shall tell you. A comedy is to be given
very soon by our men from Jesus (College), and already all the stages/
scenery are in their usual position. Two (other) comedies are to take
place, for indeed there is also to be (one) by the Trinity men, written
by Hacket and Stubs: charming, by heaven, and very witty men.
Another, indeed, is to be hammered out and hatched by one Ward of
Queens', a master of arts, of the arts of amusement!
1623-4
King's College Mundum Book 24.6 gCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) If 1]
Likewise for the musicians at a solemnity for the return of Prince
Charles from Spain, 6 s 8 d, and for the fifth of November,
5 s, in all 11 (s) 8 (d)
TRANSLATIONS 1631--4 1189
Letters from Amerigo Salvetti to Andrea Cioli
ASF: Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4198
ff [2-2v] (2 March, London)
Their majesties remain at Newmarket in excellent health; next week
they will be going to Cambridge, where the students of that university
have prepared for them diverse comedies with other entertainments
to give amusement to their majesties...
ff [3-3v] (9 March)
Their majesties will not be going to Cambridge at all this week because
of an accident, a fall from a horse, suffered by the earl of Holland,
captain of the guard of his majesty's archers and grand chancellor of
the university of the said Cambridge, where as the presiding officer
he should have taken part in the reception and entertainment given to
their majesties, but now that he is beginning to feel better, they will
be going in ten days, and from there they will return to London with
the entire court.
f [2v] (16 March)
Their majesties will be going to Cambridge next Monday to receive
the entertainments prepared for them by that university, and we expect
them in this city around next Thursday.
f [2] (23 March)
Their majesties have been in Cambridge, received and entertained by
that university with every splendour, and last evening they returned
to this city in excellent health.
1633-4
King's College Mundum Book 26.4 KCA
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Likewise for the musicians for (their) labour in the hall and the
chapel on the holidays of the duke of York's birth and the
fifth of November 7 (s) 6 (d)
TRANSLATIONS 1635-7 1191
Spent on trumpeters of the earl of Holland
ooo
5 (s) 6 (d)
[f 2] (Annunciation term)
ooo
Likewise for musicians for their work on the days of the Annunciation
and the royal accession during the celebration of divine
service 5 (s)
Letter from Amerigo Salvetti to Andrea Cioli
ASF: Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4199
f [2]* ($ February, London)
The King with the lord prince, his nephew, will be returning here
tomorrow; yesterday they were in the city of Cambridge, received by
that university with great applause and entertained here by those
students with comedies and other scholastic pastimes.
1636-7
King's College Mundum Book 27.1 KCA
nf (Christmas term) (Necessary expenses) [f Iv]
ooo
Paid to musicians on Purification Day
ooo
2 (s) 6 (d)
nf (Michaelmas term) (Fees and rewards) [f 1]
Spent on trumpeters of the lord king
5 (s)
[f lv] (Annunciation term)
Paid to harpers on the feast of the Annunciation
For the same on the accession holiday of the lord
king
2 (s) 6 (d)
5 (s)
[f 2]*
Likewise for William Daniel, a royal entertainer
5 (s)
TRANSLATIONS APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 1
1193
CUS
c 1368-90
OM Proctor's Book
ff 26v-7"
cuA: Collect. Admin. 3
...A new statute against disorderly persons in School Street on Ash
Wednesday
Likewise we warn in the first, second, and third instance under pain
of greater excommunication that no one hereafter shall cause,
encourage, or instigate by force, compulsion, or any other means any
disturbance in School Streets. Nor, on that same day or at any other
time, shall there be meetings or assemblies of scholars of any faculty
on its own or of the faculties together to choose, elect, or name for
themselves a captain, duke, (or) chancellor; proctors or bedells or any
other individual; or (any) other leaders or officers by whatever names
they may be titled. Nor shall they ring bells (or) sound horns or make
noise with trumpets to bring about such meetings or assemblies. Nor
shall they call together (such meetings) or cause (them) to be assembled
for any other premeditated cause. And furthermore in this writing we
promulgate a decision against those disobeying in this way because the
said university has established that such a contravenor shall be
immediately denounced by authority of the said university as an
excommunicate in the churches, nor shall he be absolved from this
excommunication until he has paid double commons to the common
university treasury because of his crime. We add that anyone (taking)
upon himself such a name of the office of captain, duke, chancellor,
proctor, or bedell, or by whatever name he may be titled in such a
company shall be forever unworthy of any academic standing to be
held in this university.
1520-5
John Ba, Scriptorum... Catalogus
pp 709-10"
sTC: 1296a
THOMAS ARTOUR XVl.
Thomas Artour, a native of Norfolk and a graduate of Cambridge
University, and the companion of Thomas Bilney in his persecution
for the truth of God under the tyranny of Cardinal Wolsey, compiled
among other things, I
1194
TRANSLATIONS APPENDIX 1
Microcosmus,
Mundus Plumbeus,
a tragedy in one book
a tragedy in one book
Trinity
College
APPENDIX 3
1550
Letter from Roger Ascham to Edward Raven
f 4% (1 October)
BL: Lansdowne 98
...On the thirtieth we came to Antwerp: Good God, (it is) the
wealthiest mart not only of Brabant but of the whole world. By its
shining and magnificent construction it achieves such pre-eminence
that it surpasses in that respect all the other cities which I have seen,
i ust as the hall of St. John's (College) (when it is) decorated theatrically
after Christmas, surpasses that (city) itself ....
1575
Letter from William Soone
Georg Braun: De Praecipuis totius vniversi vrbibus
pl*
They set aside the months of January, February, and March to beguile
the tediousness of the night-time with spectacles to be shown to the
people with such elegance, such excellence of action (possibly of
production), (such) modulation of voice, expression, and movement,
(such) magnificence, that I believe if Plautus or Terence or Seneca were
to live again they would be amazed at their own plays and take greater
pleasure than (they did) when they were performed before the Roman
people while (the author was) looking on; in fact, Euripides,
Sophocles, and Aristophanes would be disgusted with their Athens (in
comparison).
1597
Diary of Baron Waldstein Vatican Library: Reginensis latinus 666
ff 155v-6" (12July)
ooo
We spent this day in seeing colleges. We went into Trinity College
first, which is the most renowned (or the largest) of all .... In the chapel
where prayers and sermons are held, one reads this epitaph: 'For
Christopher Morle, once a fellow of this college, John Slede, once a
fellow of the same (College) placed (this memorial).'
TRANSLATIONS APPENDIX 3
1195
The stage is in mourning, speech is silent, nor does song speak,
Now that Morley, our delight, has died.
But you have not died: we shall be your heirs,
A stage for the eyes, song for the lips, speech for the ears.
Applaud, you for whom the play of such a life has been performed,
Which (play) posterity always makes new.
William Alabaster (thus) mourned (him): he died AD 1596, on 18 April.
APPENDIX 5
1631-2: The Rival Friends and The Jealous Lovers
A) Thomas Randolph's Oratio Praevaricatoria
...That comic piece, which was first produced before the king, had
friends but was without rivals. It was the best comedy a priori, but
a posteriori it stank. Now it has been printed: I wonder at the gall of
the man who could publish such a book (or I wonder at the stomach
of the man who could digest such a book). Thus I have sung in its
praises:
Now let Jack Drum be silent, let Tom Thumb be silent about
marvels;
Nor let Gargantua boast himself so great a giant;
Let not mad Tamberlaine at his battles rage,
Nor Palmer, or vigorous Alborinus.
Tom Coryate once thought himself wise,
Even Don Quixote says, Now am I an idiot!
Now divine Technogamia has feared for a divorce;
Famous Pericles does not dare such celebrated deeds;
Slothful Orlando is now not so 'furioso';
We will not force you, Hieronymo, to rise from bed.
No-one will say now that Gotham nurtures wise men,
For a comedy of learned men has been written
Which surpasses all praises, so I am assured;
After (its) battles, it has sought a safe printing press:
The lazy herd is a drone Orucus), it seeks at once the groves;
And having been made blank, it will not dance (prinkum)
prankum
They say that this Puerile has surpassed Senile Odium,
1196
TRANSLATIONS APPENDIX 5
This is not (good) sense, and you can play checkstone.
Now the play is finished. Applaud
APPENDIX 11
c 1200
Midsummer Fair Originated with Children's Games and Music
...Concerning the site of Barnwell
... Furthermore quite clear and fresh little springs flow from the midst
of that place called at this time in English 'Barnwell,' that is, 'boys'
springs,' because once a year, that is, on the eve of the nativity of St
John the Baptist, boys and youths, coming together there, took part
in wrestling in the English manner and other boyhood games and
praised one another in turn with songs and musical instruments.
Therefore, because of the crowd of boys and girls coming together
there and playing, the custom arose of a crowd of those buying and
selling coming together there on the same day in order to do business.
Endnotes
3 rcA f 59
The proximity of the names Pyper and Gyterner to a payment at Christmas suggests that John
Pyper may have been a piper by profession; the mention of more persons of the same surname
in 1349-50 suggests that this may have been a family of town waits (Appendix 13).
On the basis of later payments, it seems probable that the parishioners danced at the
dedication festival of Great St Mary's church (Introduction, pp 734-5, and Appendix 18).
3-4 PHA nf
Copy in BL: Harley 7032 (Baker 5), pp 187-228. Mullinger, University of Cambridge,
vol 1, pp 230-1, notes that the Peterhouse statutes were modelled on the statutes of Merton
College, Oxford (1274). It is not certain that all the kinds of entertainment forbidden in the
Peterhouse statutes were actually available in Cambridge.
4 TC f 133
This (!1.37-8) is the first of many explicit payments for entertainment on the dedication feasts
of Great St Mary's and other Cambridge churches (but see also 1342-3). Dedication feasts,
which were distinct from patronal feasts, were often celebrated in the summer (Appendix 18).
5 cc: MastersN1 f lv
Robert, John, and Thomas Pipere may have been Cambridge waits (Appendix 13). For more
information on the Cambridge Corpus Christi procession, see Introduction, p 733.
5 cc: Masters N1 f 8
A Willelmus de Lenne (1.26) is also named in the subsidy roll for 1314-15 (PRO: E 179/81/5,
mb 1). The 'play of the sons of Israel' (1.28) may have been a non-cycle play or part of a cycle,
but the title itself suggests little beyond an Old Testament theme. The only other possible evi-
dence in the Records for a play near this date is a reference to 'visers' (1.9) in the guild accounts
for 1349-50.
Siegfried Wenzel, 'An Early Reference to a Corpus Christi Play,' Modern Philology, 74
(1977), 390-9, calls attention to one of a series of lectures on Wisdom by Robert Holcot
c 1335, which contains the phrase, 'ludus deuocionis et gaudii spiritalis, qualem faciunt
Christiani in die corporis Christi.' Beryl Smalley, English FriarsandAntiquityin the Early
Fourteenth Century (Oxford, 1960), 141, suggests that Holcot's lectures were given at
1198 ENDNOTES
Cambridge c 1334-6: perhaps Holcot had a Cambridge play in mind. For further discussion
of the meaning of 'ludus' in this passage, see Abigail Ann Young, 'Plays and Players: The Latin
Terms for Performance,' pt 2, aEED Newsletter 10.1 (1985), 12-13.
6 "teA f 71v
The phrase "cornrnuni histrioni' (11. 36-7) probably refers to the Cambridge town waits. A
more explicit early reference occurs in the accounts for 1390-1.
9 -tea f 143v
This page is cut off at line 38; some eight lines are missing.
10-11 TeA f lllv
Apparently the payment 'pro bokenham menstralo' (p 10, 1. 39) is to a minstrel named
Bokenham; cf 'cranero menstralo" in the King's Hall accounts for 1385-6 (p 12, 11.11-12).
12 -rcA ff 58v, 61
The parish kings and bishops are discussed in the Introduction, p 735. Such entries as 'Item
iij d' (1.37) are transcribed when they follow relevant entries because of the ambiguity of the
word 'item,' which may imply a repetition of the previous entry.
13 PHA mb [2]
The parish church associated with Peterhouse was Little St Mary's (Introduction, p 798).
14 -rcA ff 92, 93
The booklet containing these folios is the only one in volume 4 not exactly dated by either
the contemporary accountant or an antiquarian on the basis of internal evidence, which is very
slight. The list of fellows suggests a date close to that of other booklets in volume 4, but the
only real piece of internal evidence is that Easter is dated to the twenty-sixth week after
Michaelmas. The only year in the decade of the 1390s of which this is true is 1390-1.
16-17 ccA: Masters N1 ff 13, 13v, 16
Although the official college account book for this period has been lost, the accounts for this
year were for some reason copied into blank pages at the back of the Corpus Christi Guild
Minute Book (Introduction, p 801). The college feast mentioned in the accounts (p 16,1.38)
may have been celebrated on Corpus Christi Day, perhaps in conjunction with the Corpus
Christi procession (Introduction, p 733). By 1457-8, however, the college's most important
feast was celebrated on the Sunday before the feast of the Circumcision (see p 1199).
The full name of 'Euan' (p 17, I. 3) is given on f 16v as William 'Ewyn' (Evan).
18 PHA mb [2]
Similarities to other dedication day payments between 1414-15 and 1450-1 suggest that the
dancers may have been girls.
22 -rcA f 125v
The booklet containing this folio is the only one in volume 6 not dated by the contemporary
ENDNOTES 1199
accountant, nor has an antiquarian date been assigned on the basis of internal evidence The
list of fellows suggests a date close to that of other booklets in volume 6, and as there is no
booklet bearing a contemporary date of 1420-1, that date has been assigned to this booklet.
25 PHA mb [2]
The date of this roll is uncertain; it could have been assigned to either 1429-30 or 1430-1.
27 TcA f 94
Similarities to other dedication day payments in the Records suggest that the 'youths' (1.15)
may have been dancers.
29 KCA f 36v
The statutes may be understood to imply but do not specifically authorize the ceremony of
the boy-bishop on St Nicholas Day, reflected in the Records beginning in 1450-1. King's Col-
lege is the only Cambridge college known to have had boy-bishops (p 731).
31 KCA f 143v
College accounts for 1447-8 (Liber Communarum 1.1, Christmas week) record expenses "pro
gaudijs,' 'pro reuels,' etc; similar expenses occur in 1448-9 (Mundum Book 1.2, f 146), 1450-1
(Liber Communarum 1.2, seventh week after Michaelmas), and 1451-2 (Liber Communarum
1.3, eleventh week after Michaelmas). Such payments, however, have been deemed too general
for inclusion in the Records.
38 cc f 39
A Corpus Christi College dinner for the esquire bedells was held annually on the Sunday before
the feast of the Circumcision: H.P. Stokes, Esquire Bedells of the University of Carnbridge,
p 29.
38 KCA f 131
The detailed accounts implied by the phrase 'vt pater per parcellas in forali huius quaterni'
(11.36-7) do not occur in this book; perhaps they were part of a rough book from which this
book was made up.
47 KCA ff 55, 61v
Several hostels are mentioned in the college accounts of this year (11.19, 26-7). On particular
hostels, see H.P. Sto kes, Medieval Hostels: pp 85-6 (St Mary's); 101-3 (Holy Trinity); 60-1
(St Augustine, conveyed to King's College in 1448); 105 (St William, possibly identical to
Garret Hostel, pp 76-8).
47-8 TCA ff 6, 6v
The booklet containing these folios has no contemporary date, but bears two antiquarian dates,
1467-8 and 1468-9. The former has been chosen because of a payment recorded on f 14v to
clear the outstanding debts of a former warden, Richard Scrope. The accountant does not refer
to Scrope as deceased, although he had died on 10 May 1468. This seems to rule out the later
date of 1468-9, whereas during most of 1467-8, Scrope was still alive.
1204 ENDNOTES
111 src: 22856.5 sig Lii
The date of the performance is uncertain. For a discussion of the grounds for this dating, see
Mullinger, University of Cambridge, vol 2, p 73 and Smith, College Plays, p 51. St John's
College accou nts for 1534-5 suggest that the production of classical plays was by then routine.
Thomas Smith and Sir John Cheke attempted a restoration of classical Greek pronunciation
which was admired in Cambridge, but was denounced by Stephen Gardiner, to whom Smith
appealed in his book. The controversy is described by Mullinger, University of Cambridge,
vol 2, pp 54-63, and by Muller, Stephen Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction, pp 121-4. See
also Gardiner's letter of 12 May 1545 (p 139, 11. 29-34).
112 icA nf [f 1]
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 151, wrongly ascribes the entry concerning the waits of Hull
(11. 7-8) to 1532-3.
114 tea f 22
Apropos 'ye game pleyars' (1.6), David Galloway and John Wasson (eds), 'Records of Plays
and Players in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1330-1642,' Malone Society, Collections, 11 (1980-1),
82, record a similar phrase from Shipdham, 1536: 'Item In the tyme of crystmes to the game
pleyers vj d.'
115 sJA: D106.17 f 16
John Jenyns ('genens,' 1. 38) is named as a college tenant on f 25v.
117 CHA: B1/1 ff 195v, 197
See St John's inventory of 1548-9 for another Christmas lord who had responsibility for
players' gear. Presumably Cawthorn (1. 16) was the Christmas lord this year.
119 src: 832 sigs Kj-jv
The exact year of Thomas Watson's Absalom (' Absalon,' 1.21 ) is unknown, but 1539-40 fits
the careers of the persons named in the account, and is the year traditionally associated with
the performance (a/o). For a full discussion of possible dates, see John Hazel Smith, A
Humanist's 'Trew Imitation': Thomas Watson's Absalom, Illinois Studies in Language and Lit-
erature, 52 (Urbana, 1964), 31-7. Boas, University Drama, p 63, n 1, argues that the 'One
man in Cambrige' (1.30) to whom Ascham alludes could not have been John Christopherson,
author of Jephthah, the only other Cambridge playwright from this period known by name.
121 QuA: Book3 f 79
Explicit references to steps leading to the stage (1.28) are rare in the Records, but see also the
'litle ladder' (p 154, 1. 22) in the Trinity College inventory of 1547-8, the 'bridge' (p 234,
1.21) in King's College Chapel 1563-4, and the 'slope board' (p 690, 1. 38) in the Queens'
College stage inventory of 1639-40.
121-2 QuA: Book3 f 79v
The earliest known Queens' College costume inventory (p 121, 1. 33) is from 1546-7.
ENDNOTES
1207
and drawn up in February: "Stipendium vnius Socij qui agit dominum in tempore Natalis
domini per annum xx s' (PRO: E315/440, f 34v; college copy is SJA: C17.1, f 4v).
145 QUA: Book 3 f 147
The two holes let into the wall for the scaffold may constitute evidence for the continuity of
the college stage to 1639-40: note girts and , both of which 'goe into the East Wall'
(p 688, I. 32; see also p 688, II. 28-32 and p 689, II. 1-5).
146-7 QUA." Book 76 f 46v
Queens' College performed a play of Laelia in 1594-5; it is uncertain, however, whether this
was the same play as Laelia Modenas (p 147, !. 5).
147 QUA." Book 62 p 43*
Pagination in this part of Book 62 runs 43, 44, 45, 46, 43", 46*, 47, 48. This transcription
is taken from f43" ; a copy of the statutes of 1558-9, with similar language, occurs on p 43.
This codicil to the Queens' College statutes follows by two years the addition of a similar re-
quirement to the statutes of St John's College.
149 QUA-" Book 3 f 153
Many items referring to the screen but not to the stage have been omitted from this transcrip-
tion. Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 185, ascribes these payments incorrectly to 1546-7. Con-
struction of the stage continued in 1548-9.
150-1 QUA: Book 3 f 157v
The 'rex regalis collegij' (p 150, 1.31 ) was apparently the lord of Christmas at King's College;
similarly, the 'Imperator' was probably the emperor of Trinity College: see Dee's reminis-
cences assigned to this year.
151-2 QUA: Book 3 ff 158, 159v
The large chest mentioned in these records (p 151, !. 21 ; p 152, 1. 1 ) may be the chest which
survives in the college library (Introduction, p 719).
152 TCA f 33
The purchase of the 'great Rownd Candelsticke' (!. 24) is in itself inconclusive evidence for
a play; but in 1559-60 'ye great candlesticke' was clearly used for plays (p 208, !1. 21-2).
152-4 "rCA: Box 29.136 ff 2-2v
This is the first of two major Trinity College inventories of garments (here largely liturgical);
see also 1550-1. Presumably Trinity College inherited some costumes from King's Hall (whose
last recorded play, however, occurred in 1516-17); an 'old coppe' (p 153, II. 8-9) came from
Michaelhouse, the second of the two dissolved colleges which were combined to make up Trin-
ity College. For other liturgical garments 'broken' (ie, probably altered: see EG) for plays, see
also King's College inventory of 1552-3 and accounts for 1554-5.
1208 ENDNOTES
154 TCA: Box 29.136 f 5v
The 'staging trystles' (1. 21) were not necessarily for plays, but the references to stocks for
gowns (or for guns), to a ladder, and to candlesticks are suggestive.
155 DOLl Bowtell 1 f 285v
The three waits named in 1546-7 (p 148) seem to have been reduced to two. John Richemund
was apparently still master wait, a position he held until at least 1551-2; his single partner
now may have been Laurence Williamson or Benet Prime, his associates in 1546-7, or perhaps
John Clarke, his associate in 1551-2. The issue of a third wait cropped up again in 1551-2.
155 Bodl.: Ashmole 1788 ff [10v-ll]
The exact year of Dee's play is not known, but 1547-8 fits with the recent foundation of Trinity
College, with Dee's brief residence there, and with the first occurrence of 'Imperator' in the
Records (Queens' College accounts; see also Trinity College Steward's Books for 1557-8).
157 QUA: Book 3 ff 172v, 175v
Hypocrisis (p 157, 11.38, 39; identified in Appendix 9) may have been performed in the master's
lodge (see p 158, 11.29-30); for another possible reference to a play in the master's lodge, see
p 210, 11. 32-3.
158 QUA: Book 3 f 173
The implied configuration of an actors' room with a chamber above and a store-room below,
described in 11.23-4, bears a notable similarity to the configuration of the acting chamber men-
tioned in the college accounts for 1637-8 in QuA: Book 75 (references given in Appendix 11,
1637-8, Queens').
158 QuA: Book 3 f 175v
Concerning a performance of a play or show in the master's lodge, see endnote to f 172v above.
159-62 sJA: C7.2 ff 65-6v
The assignment of this inventory to 1548-9 is implied by the occurrence of the year 1548 in
the heading, and also by the association with Thomas Lever (p 159, 1.37), named as lord of
Christmas in the college accounts for this year (p 159, 1.4). The heading of this inventory de-
fines the responsibility of the St John's Christmas lord for college plays and playing gear (see
also St John's College statutes of 1544-5 and Christ's College accounts for 1539-40).
The 'blak nightcap to kepe the stage' (p 161, 1.35) was probably a cap worn by a stage keeper.
If so, this is the earliest evidence for that office.
162-3 TCA f 59v
Presumably the plays of 'last year' (p 162, 1.39; p 163, 1.10) occurred during the winter of
1548-9, while the plays of 'this year' (p 163, 1. 7) occurred in 1549-50.
163 vcA f 71
Hasner's men (1.16) have not been identified; the entry is transcribed here on the possibility
that Hasner and his men were a company of entertainers.
ENDNOTES 1209
164 cu^: Collect. Admin. 9 p 62
At a congregation of 5 July injunctions were given by the visitors to the colleges and to the
university (Cooper, vol 2, pp 26-35). The force of the injunction against Christmas lords,
scarcely honoured in any case, was softened in subsequent injunctions of 1557-8 and 1569-70.
164-5 QUA: Book 3 f 188v
The 'fasciculi' (p 164, 1. 37) may have been actors' part books. See also St John's College
accounts for 1578-9 and Trinity College accounts for 1620-1 ; and David Carnegie, 'Actors'
Parts and the Play of Poore, ' Harvard Library Bulletin, 30 (1982), 5-24.
165-6 TCA f 16
Presumably the plays of'lasteChristenmas' (p 165, 1. 41) occurred during the winter of
1549-50.
166 cu^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 57
Apparently the King's College choir was hired by the university to perform for commence-
ment. The choir, as well as that of Trinity College, is also named in the university accounts
of 1599-1600.
167 CH^: B1/2 f 108v
For a discussion of William Stevenson's (1. 15) probable authorship of Gammer Gurton's
Needle, see Appendix 6.
169 TCA f 43
Presumably the plays recorded here were performed during the winter of 1550-1.
173 CH^: B1/2 f 123v
The play of 'sir stephenson' (11.28-9) may have been Gammer Gurton's Needle (see Appendix
6:1). The 'houses' (1.32) were part of the stage (Introduction, p 717). Was 'ye fooles coate'
(1. 35) used for Diccon in Gammer Gurton's Needle?
174 QUA: Book 3 f 203v
John Dee's 1547-8 stage device, which involved an ascent to the palace of Jupiter by means
of a flying machine, may have served as a precedent for this 'heaven' (11.25-33). This device
should be added to the list of those surveyed by John H. Astington, 'Descent Machinery in
the Playhouses,' in Medieval 6 Renaissance Drama in England, 2 (1985), 119-33.
175 QUA: Book 76 f 9v
The entry has been cancelled administratively. The connection between the college plate and
the play is unclear. Alexander Harrison is not, in any case, associated with the plays in the
accounts for this year.
176 CRO: PB/57 ff 57-7v
On Benet Prime's relationship to the Cambridge town waits, see Introduction, pp 739-40.
1210 ENDNOTE$
177 DOL: Bowtell ! 1 f 3Iv
Copy in COL: Ff.3.33, f 89v. This is a summary of the preceding item.
177 CHA: BI/2 f 140
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 207, misreads 'sedge' as 'stage' but transcribes correctly in College
Plays, p 19.
177-8 CHA." BI/2 f 140v
The phrase 'ye worshippe of ye towne & thuniuersitie' (p 178, 1. 7) constitutes a rare reference
to guests from outside the college; see also King's Hall accounts for 1467-8 (p 47, 11.35-8).
178 CHA: BI/2 f 143v
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 207, misreads 'coales' (1. 37) as 'vales.' Shrove Tuesday, here
called 'fastingham' (i. 38), fell on 14 February this year, making for a rehearsal period of about
six weeks. This is a rare reference to the length of rehearsals for a play.
179-80 KCA nf [f 3]
For more detail about the use of gunpowder (1.24) for dramatic spectacle, see Philip Butter-
worth, 'Gunnepowdyr, Fyre and Thondyr,' Medieval English Theatre, 7 (1985), 68-76. Note
a thunder barrel in the St John's College inventory assigned to 1541-2 (p 128, 1. 4).
180 KCA [f 6]
For more detail about Simon Watson the stationer, see GeorgeJ. Gray and William Mortlock
Palmer, Abstracts from the Wills and Testamentary Documents of Printers, Binders, and
Stationers of Cambridge, from 1504 to 1699, Bibliographical Society (London, 1915), 60.
180 KCA nf [f 1]
Live hunting dogs, used here for Hippolytus, were also used at Peterhouse in 1572-3, and may
have been used at Oxford in 1566 for a play of Palamon andArcite (Anthony Wood's History
of the University, John Gartch (ed) (Oxford, 1792), 160-1, cited in REED Oxford, forth-
coming.)
180-1 KCA f 86v
In 1554-5 Carleton, the college sacristan, turned players' garments back into liturgical gar-
ments. See also the Trinity College inventory for 1547-8, which lists liturgical garments
'broken' for playing costumes. Ralph Lupton (p 18 I, 1.4) (d 1523) was also 'a considerable
benefactor to Eton college' (Cooper, Athenae, vol I, p 28).
181 QUA: Book3 f 210
This is the only occasion on which reimbursements for supervising plays are listed among pay-
ments for sermons and lectures; nevertheless, the very fact that the reimbursements could be
listed under this heading indicates the pedagogical value attached to the production of plays.
For more references to the pedagogical intentions of the college with respect to drama, see
the statutes of 1546-7 and 1558-9.
1212 ENDNOTES
process was reversed. See the King's College inventory of 1552-3 for another instance of turn-
ing players" garments back into liturgical garments.
189-90 QuA: Book 76 f 52
This entry has been cancelled administratively. This undated list is assigned to this year by
its position among other, dated entries, and by reference to known dates for George Beaumont
and John May. College accounts record no plays between 1553-4 and 1560-1, but this inven-
tory and that for 1557-8 suggest that plays continued nevertheless.
190-1 TCA f 304
The 'iij crocodiles & iij aspides' (p 190, I. 36) may imply a show or play on the subject of
Cleopatra. Estienne Jodelle's Cleopatre captive (in French), first performed at Paris in Febru-
ary 1553, was widely admired; however, it was not published until 1574: Kathleen M. Hall
(ed), Cleopatre captive (Exeter, 1979), xxiii-xxiv. Jodelle's play was thus probably not known
in Cambridge.
As for 'owr masteres shew' (1.39), the second master of Trinity College, William Bill, had
been ejected in 1553 following the accession of Queen Mary. John Christopherson was not
officially appointed third master until 4 April 1555, after the time of the Christmas show, but
he apparently served as master in the interim. Though a man of letters and author of Jephthah
(Appendix 6:1), Christopherson was also a man of action and a fierce persecutor of protestants:
the 'lytle gallowes for ye shew' mentioned in the Junior Bursar's Accounts (p 192, I1. 3-4)
seems portentous.
191 TCA f 19Iv
Smith, College Plays, p 108, suggests 'de Crumena perdita' (1. 17) may have been identical
to 'Crumenaria,' named in the Trinity College accounts for 1565-6 (p 248, 1. 27).
192 CHA." B1/2 f 190v
Apparently fellows of Christ's attended a show at King's: see Trinity College Buttery Book
for 1560-1 for a similar intercollegiate visit. See King's College accounts for the construction
of a theatre this year.
196-8 SSA: D57.123 mbs 1-2
This roll is similar in appearance to C17.2, a roll prepared by the college for the visitors and
dated 1556; both were probably prepared at the same time.
198 Tc f 315v
The 'Howses for ye players' (I. 23) were part of the stage construction (Introduction, p 719).
198 CCL: 106 flv
This fragment of Mere's diary is separately foliated, and falls between ff 310 and 311 of the
main sequence of foliation of COL: 106.
Mere's diary describes better than any other document in the Records the multitude of plays,
shows, and performances by town waits held in the various colleges and in the town during
a given year.
ENDNOTES 1217
242-3 Simancas: Archivo General, Legajo 817 f 82
Guzmin is the unique source for this incident. The full text is given by Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques des Pays-Bas et de l'Angleterre, sous le rigne de Philippe u, vol 4 (Brussels,
1885), 87-8. The incident is discussed by J.A. Froude, History of England, vol 7 (London,
1893), p 205; Mullinger, University of Cambridge, vol 2, pp 190-1, n 2; and Boas, University
Drama, Appendix 3. See also 'A Masque Before Queen Elizabeth' in Appendix 6:1.
243 KCL." Misc. 74/1 ff 34v, 43
'Hatcher's Book' lists members of King's College under the years of their first admission to
the college. Halliwell was admitted in 1532, Preston in 1553. 'Hatchet's Book' is the unique
source for the identification of Halliwell as the author of Dido (Appendix 6:2). Preston was
junior proctor of the university in 1565-6. For more detail about Preston, see Appendix 16
and Nichols, Progresses of Elizabeth, vol 1, pp 181-2, n 2; 245. This Thomas Preston m ay
also be the author of Cambyses (see Introduction, p 823, n 66).
244 Wing: F2416 p 139
Preston's brass may still be seen in the floor of the antechapel at Trinity Hall. It is dated 1598
in Monumental Brasses in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely, 4th ed, rev (Cam bridge, 1970), 6.
246 sJ^: SB4.1 f 265
Possibly Henry the painter (1.4) was a member of the Preist family, some of whom were pain-
ters and among whom the first name Henry occurs (Appendix 6:1, Preist the Barber, note).
248 TCA f 136v
Smith, College Plays, p 108, suggests that 'Crumenaria' (1.27) may be the same play as 'de
Crumena perdita' mentioned in the Trinity College accounts for 1554-5 (p 191, 1. 17).
249 ct;^: Collect. Admin. 13 f 87v
William Gibbons, having removed from Oxford, is first recorded at Cambridge in this docu-
ment, which precedes by several months evidence of the baptism and death of his firstborn
son, Richard, in July 1566, recorded in Holy Trinity Church registers (Edmund H. Fellowes,
Orlando Gibbons, p 15). Richard 'gravers showemaker' (1.25) is apparently to be identified
with the 'Richerd Gravenes' who stood surety for the waits' collars in 1567-8 (p 254) and is
further identified as a shoemaker on f 190 of Collect. Admin. 13.
250 TCA f 173v
On the possible identification of lephthes, see Appendix 9.
253 DOL: Bowtell 2 f 78
William Mason ('masen' (1. 25)) was a musician, named earlier in William Gibbons' suit of
1565-6.
253-4 CRO: PB/57 ff 262, 262v
Copy in cRo: PB/6, p 45.
1218 ENDNOTES
The town council herewith conferred the mastership of the town waits on William Gibbons.
The five collars imply five waits.
255 sA: SB4.1 f 398
Smith, 'Academic Drama," p 222, mistranscribes 'in the hall' (1.29) as 'in the gallery' (Appendix
11, 1568-9).
257 cuA: U.Ac. 2(!) p 231
The junior proctor was Edmund Rockray. In light of later disturbances at Chesterton, it is
more probable that the proctor was bringing back this dancer to face some form of disciplinary
action than to obtain his or her services on behalf of the university.
259 cuA: Luard 187 ff 9v, !1v, 12-12v
Copies in cuA: Collect. Admin. 1, ff ! 72, 177, ! 78; Collect. Admin. 2, ff ! 83-3v, ! 89, 190;
and many other official documents.
The statutes of 12 Elizabeth, not officially superseded until 1882, served as a foundation
for the university's campaign against admitting professional players within the five-mile pre-
cinct of the university. A copy of the text of f 9v, made for the proctors' use, is contained
in Misc. Collect. 13, p 213, under the title 'Playes or games'; see also injunctions in English
dated 7 July 1595 and 14 November 1600.
Iniunctions against Christmas lords and saltings (p 259, 1.41-p 260, 1.8) date back to ! 548-9
and 1557-8 respectively.
264 PHA single mb
For a similar use of live hunting dogs, see the King's College performance of Hippolytus in
1552 and endnote.
265 QuA: Book 4 f 94
Reynalde (1.22), not otherwise mentioned in the Records, may have been one of the Cambridge
waits: compare to payments to Richard Graves by Jesus College in 1577-8 and 1578-9.
265 -rcA: Box 27.1 f 285
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 168, misreads 'Thomas Watson' (I. 34)as 'E. Watson.'
266 cuA: U.Ac. 2(!) p 252
Although 'playes' (1. ! 6), used in a similar context in 1573-4 (p 271 ), may suggest stage plays,
it is perhaps more likely that activities at Gog Magog Hills were sports of the kind named in
! 6 ! 9-20 (pp 570-3). This present reference antedates by several years the 1576 attestation of
the name Gog Magog Hills cited by P.H. Reaney, The Place-Names of Cambridgeshireand
the Isle of Ely (Cam bridge, ! 943), 35-6: 'There seems to be little doubt that.., these hills owe
their present names to the figure of Gogmagog cut in the downland turf, either inside
Vandlebury Camp or on the hillside near it. Camden attributes the name to the scholars of
the university (studiosi vocant), while Layer... attributes to them the actual cutting of a high
and mighty portraiture of a giant ... within the said trench" which he had seen himself.'
ENDNOTES 1219
269 cu^: CUR 79 (Art. 4) single sheet
Both this letter and the next are rough drafts. The privy council letter of 30 October 1575 was
evidently issued in response to these complaints. The incident of 'two yeres past' (1. 19)
(1571-2) is otherwise unrecorded. For 'last yeres attempt' (1.31), see University Audit Book
for 1572-3.
270-1 cu^: CUR 79 (Art. 4*) single sheet
The'attempte of breakyng of the peaxe the dec(ember) of this yeare' (p 270, 11.26-7) has not
been identified. The 'intended Rebellyon' (1.29) probably refers to the rebellion of the northern
earls (1569). Robinson, the organizer of the games, was active again 1579-80.
271-2 cu^: CUR 44.1 (Art. 137) single sheet
Though the university needed Burghley's assistance to stop the games themselves, with this
order it exercised its authority to prevent its own students from attending.
274 gc^ nf[f 1]
'Hookes le singing man of Elye' (1. 22): see a similar entry in Trinity College accounts for
1608-9.
276-7 cu^: Lett. 9 (A.4) single sheet
Copies in PRO: SP15/12, ff 221-2v (Burghley's undated draft, with many corrections); BL:
Lansdowne 20, ff 134-4v (Art. 52); aL: Lansdowne 71, ff 200-200v (Art. 82); and cu^: Collect.
Admin. 5, ff 166-6v. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Elizabeth, 1601-3, Addenda 1547-
65, pp 575-6, assigns the PRO copy doubtfully (and incorrectly) to 1565. This letter was sent
from Windsor and signed by William Cecil, Lord Burghley; Thomas Radcliffe, earl of Sussex;
Francis Russell, earl of Bedford; Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester; Sir Francis Knollys; James
Croft; Sir Thomas Smith; and Francis Walsingham.
This letter, the response of Burghley and the privy council to the university's letters of 28
March 1574, is the foundation of all subsequent prohibitions not only of 'showes of vnlefull,
hurtfull pernicious & vnhonest games' (p 276, 1.20), but also of performances by professional
phyers. Such prohibitions include the university's refusal to license players on 21 June 1580;
its letters on 19 and 20 September against Robinson's second attempt to show games; and its
actions against players on 27June 1590 and 1 September 1592. The powers granted in the letter
were officially renewed and explicitly extended to include prohibitions of plays on 29 July
1593, and confirmed (along with this extension) by royal letter on 23 July 1604, 4 March 1605,
and 26June 1632. The 'privatt exercises of the yowthes, meete & vsuall for their recreation'
listed among the exceptions here (p 277, 11.5-6) doubtless included both college outdoor rec-
reation and the college plays (cf the similar saving clause in James I's letter of 1604).
279 cRo: PB/57 f 365
Copy in cRo: PB/6, p 234.
281 cu^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 265
The university sponsored a comedy for presentation to Elizabeth at its mass visit to Audley
End 26-7July. Boas, University Drama, p 111, n 2, suggests that the comedy 'apparently
1220 ENDNOTES
was not acted.' He bases this suggestion on a report that 'the Schollers, honourablie dismist,
returned home to Cambridge that nyght about midnyght, for in Walden they could get no
lodging' (Nichols, Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, vol 2, p 114). The fate of the body of scholars
as a whole, however, has no necessary bearing on the fate of those who came prepared to en-
tertain the queen with a play. Evidence from college accounts for this year and the next,
moreover, suggests that the performance came off as planned: see especially Christ's College
accounts for 1578-9.
The events at Audley End are recorded by Nichols and by Richard, Lord Braybrooke, The
History of Audley End (London, 1836), 74-7. Gabriel Harvey's participation is further
analysed by Virginia F. Stern, Gabriel Harvey: His Life, Marginalia and Library (Oxford,
1979), 39-46.
281 CHA: BI/3 f 304
The payment to 'the Quenes trumpeters at the playes' (1. 39) probably refers to the play(s)
presented to Elizabeth at Audley End on July 26-7, in the last quarter of the previous academic
year. The payment probably does not mean that Christ's College itself put on the play(s): its
last confirmed play was performed in 1567-8.
282-3 GCL: 759/421 pp 10-11
The college annals for this period were commissioned in 1655 and written by William Moore
between 1656 and 1659. For another account of the issues treated in this excerpt, see p 286
and endnote.
284 sJA: SB4.2 f 60v
The payment for 'paper to write out ye bookes for ye tragedy' (1.20) constitutes a rare reference
to play books or part books (see also Queens' College accounts for 1549-50 and Trinity Col-
lege Senior Bursar's Accounts for 1620-1).
284 SJA: SB4.2 f 80
Probably the supper was 'bestowed on dr Legge' (1. 27) in recognition of his authorship of
Ricbardus Tertius. The 'nettes to hange before the windows ofye Hall' (1.28) were probably
used to darken the hall during daytime performances: see also the college accounts for 1594-5,
and Trinity College accounts for 1612-13 ('for windowes stopping with marts,' p 499,1.30).
284-5 SJA: SB4.2 f 80v
Payments cited from this page are followed by further payments for boards, parchment, and
two great baskets. Since no clear connection is made between these payments and the play
production this year, they have not been transcribed in the Records.
285 sJa: SB4.2 f 82v
The glass was not necessarily broken at the plays, but references to windows earlier in this
account are suggestive.
285 xc f 323
This Senior Bursar's booklet is different from the rest in volume 2 in that it contains rough
EN DNO'I'ES 1225
perhaps this is to be interpreted as a claim to be university wait, although he does add that
Gibbons is also subject to university jurisdiction 'eoque pretextu' (p 333, I. 10).
333-4 cu^: Comm. Ct. II.4 ff 45v-6v
John Martyn's deposition is the fourth in a series which began in 1589-90 with the depositions
of Bird, Walker, and Andrewe.
Gibbons" four responses (p 335) are to a different set of articles from the seven to which
Bird, Walker, Andrewe, and Martyn responded. It is possible that the 'articles of exceptions'
(1.4) to which he replies are the same as those filed by Bird in the vice-chancellor's court (pp
332-3), although it is difficult to see how Gibbons' third response relates either to Bird's third
article (p 332) or to the probable contents of the original third article, and in fact these 'articles
of exceptions' may be lost. Whatever the contents of the third article, in his reply Gibbons
asserts that in July 1590 Bird had expressed a willingness to settle the suit. Gibbons' testimony
suggests that his original suit must have been filed between 21 June 1590 and the Oxford com-
mencement in July 1590.
337 QUA: Book5 f 26v
The name of the comedy (1. 19) is unknown. It may be noted that George Montaigne, who
was involved with Meriton in the college plays of 1594-5, is said to have acted Miles Gloriosus
(ie, Pyrgopolynices), doubtless in Plautus' comedy of that name (Appendix 3, 1628).
338 cts^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 318
Copy in cts^: V.C.V. 3.1, f 3.
The 'new Musicke stage' (1. 13) was apparently erected in Great St Mary's Church for per-
formances during commencement: see similar entry in 1599-1600 (p 376, 11.34-6). See uni-
versity accounts for 1549-50 and 1599-1600 for other instances of music paid for by the uni-
versity.
338-9 Wing: F2440 p 70
Fuller's remarkable tale concerning the gentlewoman (p 339, II. 3-7) should be compared to
his tale of John Palmer in Richardus Tereius (1578-9).
339-40 BL: Lansdowne 71, Art. 82 f 201
This and the following items concerning the university's appeal to Burghley and the privy
council are printed, with useful comments, by Chambers and Greg, 'Dramatic Records from
the Lansdowne Manuscripts,' pp 190-8. The 'lettres" (p 339, 1. 27) of the privy council are
the letter of 30 October 1575. A similar warrant, also addressed to Richard Cobb as one of
the constables, was issued in 1589-90.
The records of this year give an unusually detailed account of the movements of the q ueen's
men. The company was debarred from playing on 10June, but returned on or shortly before
1 September under the leadership of either Laurence or John Dutton, secured the licence of
Lord North, posted bills on the college gates, and succeeded in performing at least once in
Chesterton, across the river from the site of Sturbridge Fair. (The queen's players received
10s from the town; one of the company also received a payment of 2s 6d from Trinity College
either as a gratuity or for services unknown.)
1226 ENDNOTE$
The phrase 'roomes, houses or yardes' (p 340, 1.4) may refer to sites where plays were ac-
tually performed in Chesterton, but the language is too conventional to be taken as evidence.
All three terms probably refer to inns rather than to private dwellings.
340-1 BL: Lansdowne 75, Art. 8 f 16
This letter was sent from Cambridge and signed by Robert Some, vice-chancellor; Thomas
Byng; Thomas Legge; Thomas Preston; Laurence Chaderton; Roger Goad; and Thomas
Neville.
The stated purpose of this letter was to renew the 'almost expired' (p 341, 1.9) force of the
privy council letter of 30 October 1575. The requested letter was finally produced on 29 July
1593. The 'supplicacion," the 'breefes of our Charters,' and the copy of the letter of 30 October
1575 (p 341, 11. 15-17), all of which accompanied the university letter, are bound together
with the letter in BL: Lansdowne 75. Concerning the 'like occasion heretofore' (p 340,1.40-
p 341, 1. 1), see 1579-80.
341-3 BE: Lansdowne 71, Art. 83 ff 202v-3
This letter was sent from Cambridge and signed by Robert Some, vice-chancellor; Thomas
Byng; Thomas Legge; Thomas Preston; Roger Goad; Thomas Neville; and Laurence
Chaderton.
This is the supplication mentioned in the previous letter. The phrase 'seauentene yeares since'
(p 341,1.37) probably refers to incidents of 1574-5 and to the privy council letter of 30 October
1575, and possibly to events in the intervening period (eg, 1579-80?). The 'auncient Charter'
(p 342, 1.9) is the charter of Henry m (24 July 1270) prohibiting tournaments (printed by John
Willis Clark, Letters Patent of Elizabeth and James the First Addressed to the University of
Cambridge, with Other Documents (Cambridge, 1892), 61-2).
346-7 13/.: Lansdowne 71, Art. 84 f 204
This letter was sent from Cambridge and signed by John Still, vice-chancellor; Roger Goad;
Robert Some; Humphrey Tyndall; William Whitaker; Edmund Barwell; and John Jegon.
Printed, with useful comments, by Chambers and Greg, 'Dramatic Records from the
Lansdowne Manuscripts,' 198-200. Greg and Chambers, p 198, note that Elizabeth's 'appetite
for academic drama' may have been whetted by her visit to Oxford the previous September.
They suggest that Heneage was using a 'wile,' particularly since Lord Strange's men and Pem-
broke's men did perform after all.
The claim that the university had 'no practize in this Englishe vaine' (p 347, 11.2-3) is some-
what disingenuous, since Gammer Gurton's Needle was performed at Christ's c 1550-1,
'english plaies' are mentioned in the Trinity College accounts for 1559-60 (p 208, 1. 24), and
Nicholas Udall's Ezechias (in English) was performed for Elizabeth in 1564. Nevertheless,
the habit of playing in Latin was generally observed before the Parnassus plays at St John's
College beginning in 1598-9 and Club Law at Clare in 1599-1600 (Appendix 6:1).
347-8 13L: Lansdowne 75, Art. 5 f 10
This letter was sent from Cambridge and signed by Thomas Legge, vice-chancellor; Robert
Some; Edmund Hounde; Thomas Neville; Edmund Barwell;John Duport; Humphrey Tyn-
dall; Thomas Byng; Thomas Preston; and Laurence Chaderton.
ENDNOTES 1227
The phrase 'longe since' (p 347, 1.28) refers back to 18 September 1592, a period of some
ten months. The requested letter was finally produced on 29July, twelve days after this re-
minder was dispatched (see next item).
The Cambridge report by Philip Stringer on the experience of 'some of our Body vnto ...
Oxford' (p 347, 1. 36) for the royal visit of 22-8 September 1592 survives in CUA: Add. 34
(see REED Oxford collection, forthcoming).
348-9 PRO: PC2/20 pp 516-17
Copy in Oxford University Archives: Reg. L, ff 262-2v.
The registered copy in PRO: PC2/20 is undated; the date is supplied from the Oxford Uni-
versity copy. The Cambridge University copy has not been traced. This letter is a renewal
of the letter of 30 October 1575 as requested by the university on 18 September 1592 and again
on 17July 1593; in addition, the new letter formally confirms the right of the university to
prohibit professional players. Although the university claimed this right in its letter of 1579-80
(pp 290-1), no earlier document with statutory force granted that right in so many words.
352 gCA nf [f 2v]
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' p 218, misreads 'Thornefe' (1. 16) as 'T. Hornesby.'
355 IX)L: Bowtell 3 f 110
The lord chamberlain's players were Shakespeare's company. On the vexed question of
whether Hamlet was performed in Cambridge on this or any other occasion, see Appendix 10.
355 BL: Lansdowne 78, Art. 16 f 34
This letter was sent from Cambridge and signed by Thomas Neville, master; George Lee;
Jeremiah Ratcliffe; John Sledd; Gregory Milner; William Hall;Samuel Herne; and Cuthbert
Norris.
Printed, with useful comments, by Chambers and Greg, 'Dramatic Records from the
Lansdowne Manuscripts,' pp 213-14.
355-6 Bodl.: Gough Cambridge 46 ff 13, 14
Copy in CUL: Mm. 1.43 (Baker 32), pp 529-31. The passage is cited at greater length (from
Baker) by G.C. Moore Smith (ed), Laelia: A Comedy Acted at Queens" College, Cambridge,
Probably March 1st, 1595 (Cambridge, 1910), x-xii.
College halls were darkened by hanging mats or nets over the windows: see St John's College
accounts for 1578-9, and the Trinity College comedy account of 1612-13.
356 Wing: F2416 p 156
Fuller dates the performance of Laelia 1597-8, erroneously assigning it to the year of the death
of Burghley... and the installation of Essex as chancellor of the university. Smith (ed), Laefia,
pp va-xv, notes that the performance of Laelia has been incorrectly assigned not only to 1598,
following Fuller, but also to 1590. For a follow-up discussion of the date, see Smith, 'The
.Cambridge Play Laelia," Modern Language Review, 6 (1911 ), 382-3. See the Queens' College
Inventory of 1546-7 for an earlier play of Laelia Modenas.
ENDNOTES 1229
Brigit Edmunds (the wife); and William Covell, s'B (ie, the modern BD degree), fellow of
Queens' (the co-respondent). John Edmunds, Jr, was the son of John Edmunds, St, former
alderman and mayor, and grandson of John Edmunds, master of Peterhouse 1522-44. Cooper,
Athenae, vol 1, p 86, notes that the grandfather 'was privately married to a sister of the wife
of John Mere, esquire bedel, and had a son John, first called Mere and afterwards Edmunds,
who was mayor of Cambridge.'
This presentment led to three cases before the vice-chancellor's court: proceedings against
Brigit Edmunds for adultery with William Covell; proceedings against William Covell for
adultery with Brigit Edmunds; and a suit of divorce against Brigit Edmunds brought by her
husband, John Edmunds, Jr.
The business became heated early, and Edmunds sued for a peace bond against Covell the
same day proceedings began. Although Brigit denied her guilt at first, she confessed upon her
second court appearance (30 August), and on 9 October was delivered a set form of penance
to bedone on three successive Sundays in her parish church (CUR 11, Art. 20(2)). She does
rot appear to have contested the divorce suit (brought on 4 September), although she was not
able to appear on 6 September to hear further proceedings in the case because she was then
lying in childbed. As of 4 October there had been no further proceedings in the case of divorce,
and she is still named as 'wyef of Iohn Edmunds the yonger' in the schedule of penance. In
fact, although as of 19 November she faced a possible penalty of excommunication for not
performing her penance, she is still being cited as Edmunds' wife (f 159).
The suit against Covell dragged on over four court days (28 and 30 August, 3 and 6 Sep-
tember) as the Edmunds family and servants tried to discredit him from compurgation, dis-
credit his compurgators, and produce eyewitnesses to the adultery. On 6 September Covell
did finally make a successful compurgation and was dismissed with his good character restored,
although he was still named as Brigit's partner in the schedule of 9 October.
364-5 cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.3 ff 116-16v
The accusation that Montaigne 'redd lectures to me of bawdrye' (p 365, 1. 10) is elaborated
on f 117: Montaigne declared that during a trip to Ely by boat, he 'tooke Bocchas in ffrenche
... and englished the same to them; wherein he saith there was hoe bawdrye at all.' Brigit Ed-
murds, however, affirmed that on another occasion 'it was the Palace of pleasure which he
red to hit.' The reference is to William Painter, The Palace of Pleasure (London, 1566; src:
19121, and subsequent editions).
'Licea,' doubtless Covell's pet name for Brigit according to the classicizing manner of the
time, may be drawn from the poetry of Giles Fletcher, father of the Cambridge playwright
Phineas Fletcher. Giles' sonnet sequence Licia orPoemes of Love (src: 11055), although issued
anonymously and without imprint, was probably published in Cambridge in 1593.
John Crowfoote was a member of a family notorious in Cambridge for scrapes with the
law. His father, Thomas, was keeper of the White Horse (V. C. Ct. I. 4, f 285). John matricu-
lated from Corpus Christi College in 1586, receiving his ^ in 1590-1 and his MA in 1594,
but was suspended 27 October 1595 'propter demerita sua' (V.C. Ct. 1.30, f 175v; see also
ff 142v, 146, 152). He was ultimately disqualified as a compurgator because of this suspension
(V.C. Ct. 1.3, f l17v).
The incident in which John Crowfoote was 'drawn by the heels from a common play'
(p 365, 1. 22) may be recorded in two depositions of I March 1596 describing an affray of
1230 ENDNOTES
Thursday, 27 February, six months prior to the date of the adultery case. The first of these
depositions, by Edward Smith, is CUR 6.2 (Art. 41):
That mr Riddinge arresting ye sayd Crofoote he ,rvpon Thursday night
at ye Elephant" Crofoot dyd resiste ,'him" wherevpon mr Riddinge
charged this deponent ,rand Prime with others 1 in ye Queenes name to ayde
him and this deponent layinge handes on him Crofoot he Crofoot dyd
smite this deponent with his fist and ye sayed Riddinge still Charginge ye
sayed [Crofoot] deponent to lay hand on him he still resisted and layed
hould on a post from whence this deponent and otheres dyd pull him and
going down ye stayrs he sawe Crofoot drawe his dagger and offer to smite
at mr Ridding with ye poynt of his dager rthrough his arm' backward as
yf he would haue stabbed him. and If] before he came to ye stayrs and vpon
ye stayres and [(.)] in ye entry %fthe house' and soe all along,rye streates 1
going to ye toulbooth dyd often repeat these woordes viz Riddinge I wilbe
revenged on you base Rascall yat thou art thus to [(.)s] vse me and sayed
ye like ,rwoordes' vnto Jail yat] vs yat were about him and sayed he would
haue all [the] there bloodes viz mr Riddinges and al ye rest and called Prime
whitlivered knave and sayed he woold be specyally revenged on ye sayed
Prime. And in ye carringe of him to ye tolboth both in ye house and in
ye streates he cryed murther murther helpe gentlemen will you see a master
of artes murthered and this crye he often repeated. And when he came
within ye prison he strook Prime with his fist and strooke this deponent
alsoe with his fist and would haue smitten this deponent with a candestick
but yat he was put by with Riddinge and all this was doone in ye presence
of,rthis deponent 1 mr Riddinge mr Sill Andrewe ye Porter of St Iohns Be-
njamin Prime and ye ost of ye house was there also at ye beginninge.
Signum
Edwardi + Smith
The second deposition, by Benjamin Prime (Art. 42), contains the same essential details,
but adds that some of Crowfoote's crying aloud occurred 'in the courte ryardl' after he had
been led down the stairs. If this was the occasion of the common play, then that play was ap-
parently performed in an upstairs room of the Elephant and not outdoors, although the
Elephant had a courtyard.
The entire Crowfoote family was subsequently involved in a "sturre & hurley burley" at the
White Horse on 2 December 1597, when Benjamin Prime 'distrained a brasse pott in the
kitchen there' upon an accusation that Thomas had been engaged in 'dresseing of fleshe' (V.C.
Ct. I. 4, ff 13v- 14v). Prime found himself in violent conflict not only with Thomas, the father,
but with Thomas's wife, their son John, and another young son unnamed. Thomas Crowfoote
(called Crawford) was later committed to the gatehouse at Westminster, but released upon
a submission dated 4 January 1602 (Misc. Collect. 8, ff 32-2v). On 20 January 1606 Alice
Crowfoote was whipped by Thomas Purkis, probably for prostitution (U. Ac. 1 (2), 1605-6,
f so).
ENDNOTES 1231
365-7 cu^: V.C. Ct. 1.3 ff l19v-20v
'The Comedye of ffatum' (p 367, 1.12) is unknown: it is almost certainly not the play entitled
Fatum Vortigerni (Appendix 6:2, Faturn).
370 EMA: BUR.8.1 p 11
This is the only reference to (William) Bird as the recipient of a payment (for service as a wait ?)
since 1590-1: see Introduction, p 741.
373 sJ^: SB4.2 f 531
Smith, 'Academic Drama,' pp 225-6, cites payments for mending hall windows this year and
in subsequent years to 1601-2. None of these entries contains a mention of plays and thus
none is included here; nevertheless, the Parnassus group was performed during these years
at St John's, and the glass may have been broken during the plays (Appendix 6:1).
373-4 TC^ f 227v
Apparently the college hired timber and other material normally used for the stages in Great
St Mary's Church. For a description of the St Mary's stage, see p 507, 1. 33-p 508, 1. 28.
376-7 cu^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 360
The 'stage in St. Maries for the Musicians on the Queenes daie' (p 376,1.35) was first con-
structed in 1591-2 as a supplement to the commencement stage. The university accounts for
1549-50 record a performance by King's College choir alone.
377 .IEL.- R.2.5 opening 29
W.W. Greg, in his review of Smith (ed), Club Law (Cambridge, 1907), in Modern Language
Review, 4 (1908-9), 268-9, describes JEL: R.2.5 (then classed R.3.42) as 'a preliminary outline'
of Fuller's History of the University. He suggests that 'the dating of Club Law in the latter
is probably due to some careless slip.' He continues: 'I think it may now be taken as certain
that the date of Club Law is the winter of 1599-1600, and that Niph|e in the play stands for
the Mayor of Cambridge, John Yaxley.'
377-8 Wing: F2416 p 156
Fuller's narrative seems partly verified by the town complaint of 1600-1, but his assignment
of the performance to 1597-8 is probably incorrect (see preceding note), and Fuller is often
given to sacrificing probability for the sake of an entertaining tale (see 1578-9, 1590-1 ). The
text of Club Law was discovered by Smith in St John's College Library and edited by him
in 1907. For the town complaint, see 1600-1. For other references to 'club law' - the use of
clubs by students in affrays - see William Soone's description of Cambridge (cited by Cooper,
vol 2, p 329), and see documents concerning various riots from 1582-3 to 1611-12 (see Index).
378-9 cu^: CUR 16 (Art. 6) single sheet
The keeper of the Bear at this date was Mary Gibbons, widow of William (Appendix 13). In
1643, 1644, and 1662 the Black Bear, which was the same inn, was used for political assemblies;
1232 ENDNOTES
from 1773 to 1809 it was used as a concert hall by the Music Club (vcu, p 115). Presumably,
therefore, it had a capacious hall, which would also have been suitable for plays.
For a similar complaint about length of hair, see the Kelly case of 1631-2 (p 645).
380 KCa nf [f 1]
On the identity of this 'Gibbins' (1. 4), see Introduction, p 745.
380 KCa nf [f Iv]
The founder's feast referred to in 11. 12-13 is probably for the anniversary of the death of Henry
v, observed in May. The situation is complicated, because the college also held
'commemorationes' of the founder each quarter, but an unqualified reference such as this one
is probably to the main memorial at the anniversary.
381 cua: Misc. Collect. 8 f 85
This announcement of university regulations, signed by John Jegon vc, reaffirms orders of
7July 1595; 'comon plaies' (1.41), however, stands in the place of 'Common bowling places'
(p 357, 1. 8) in that document.
382 PRO: SP12/279 (Art. 66(2)) f l14v
Copy in BL: Harley 7047 (Baker 20), f 82v. (PRO: SP 12/279 Art. 66(1 ) is a letter from the uni-
versity in the same case.)
Further complaints in the same vein but not mentioning plays are printed in Transactions,
vol 2, pp 208-15. Presumably the play in question was Club Law: see Fuller's account, 1599-
1600.
385-90 cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.5 ff 221v-3, 223v-4v
The occasion of the riot which is the subject of these depositions was a play at St John's College,
as revealed by the fact that Anthony Thompson of St John's served as stage keeper (p 389,
1.3), and glass was broken in the college hall. Perhaps the riot occurred during the performance
of The Return from Parnassus (Appendix 6:1).
392 IX)L: Bowtell 3 f 243
This entry was apparently inserted at a later date, as it is written in black ink, the rest of the
page in brown.
395-7 cuA: Lett. l la.A.8.a single sheet
Copies in cu: Collect. Admin. 8 (Tabor's Book), pp 713-15; Bodl. : Rawlinson, Statutes 7,
pp 185-7; and BL: Harley 7037 (Baker 10), f 351.
This is a royal confirmation of university privileges granted in letters of 30 October 1575
and 29 July 1593. The privileges were confirmed again by Charles in 1631-2. See also the
letters patent of 4 March 1605. At the conclusion of the registered copy in Collect. Admin.
8, p 715, the registrary has added the following summary:
In Charta regis Iacobi prohibentur premissa, et alia spectacula otiosa
rquemcunque Lucri causa populo presentari[tur], et vt constet quam
1234 ENDNO'I'ES
424 DOL: Bowtell 3 f 412
The letter has not been traced; evidently it concerned the riot between St John's College and
Trinity College: see the stage named on p 457, 1. 6.
424-31 CUA: V.C. Ct. 1.23 pp 1-5, ff
Pages 6, 8, and 14 of this manuscript are blank. The following pages are presumed out of order:
pp 10, 13x, 12x, 33. Two items on otherwise blank p 34 are cited in footnotes to items on
p 31. Material on the following pages concerns other cases: pp 36, 37, top of pp 38, 40.
Rules of transcription outlined in Editorial Principles (pp 815-16) have been relaxed in the
transcription of this document to give the reader a better idea of the organization of the original.
In particular, numbers used as cross-references from allegations to depositions, or from one
deposition to another related one, although originally written sometimes in the text and some-
times in the margin, have for the most part been moved to the margin and treated without
distinction. Conversely, names originally written sometimes in the margin and sometimes in
the text have for the most part been moved to the text and treated without distinction. Names
which occur in the margin as reference aids, however, have been left in the margin, particularly
since they are often associated with reference numbers. For more information about the hand
of James Tabor, see pp 815-16.
Cooper, vol 2, p 601, assigns this riot in error to 1600-1. J.W. Clark published the text
of Part 1, together with notes that remain useful, in The Riot at the Great Gate of Trinity
College February 1610-11, cAs, Octavo Series, 43 (Cambridge, 1906). Clark did not know
of Part 2. For a synopsis of the riot, see Appendix 17.
The college asked that Jarmin Ward be deposed on two questions concerning townsmen
hired as stage keepers (p 430, 11.28-35). Although the three witnesses named all claimed to
have heard him say he had refused an offer of 40s to be a stage keeper (p 443, 11.24-7; p 443,
1.39-p 444, 1.2;p 466, 11.14-22), he denied it (p 435, 11.1-5), and claimed to have said simply
that he would not have been a stage keeper for any money (p 444, 11. 13-15, and endnote below
to pp 440-8). Ward's testimony seems to include a denial of the claim that his son-in-law
Boyes, identified as a bookbinder on p 466, 1.18, was a stage keeper for Trinity, and the sole
witness who mentions it testifies only that he heard Ward say so, not that he himself knew
it (p 443, 11. 19-22 and p 466, 11. 20-3).
431 CUA: V.C. Ct. 1.23 p 7
Clark, The Riot at the Great Gate of Trinity College, p 42, identifies Smart (1.6) as porter
of Trinity; he also identifies 'Kinge ye porter,' named in the following paragraph (1. 18), as
porter of Trinity (Clark, p 41). In Part 2, however, which Clark did not know, Smart and
King are associated with St John's, and in particular with Nicholas Jackson, a servant of St
John's who is also identified as a porter (eg, p 469, 1.7: see index for further references). These
identifications make better sense of the questions for examination and of King's deposition
on p 451 : he testifies that he had been lured to Trinity College, where Thomas Kemp offered
him a bribe for his cooperation.
Elsewhere in Part 1 the porter of St John's is identified as 'Francis ye Porter' (eg, p 455,
1.25). This Francis received livery as a college servant from 1605-6 to 1610-11 (sJA: SB4.3,
ff 151,220, 264). Francis' predecessor in the college accounts was Robert Longe, called 'Robert
the Porter' (SB4.3, ff 29, 151, 176); hence Francis is more likely a first than a last name; see also
ENDNOTES 1235
'Andrewe ye Porter of St Iohns,' p 1230. In any case, Francis the porter was the only one
of all those identified as porters who was a liveried servant of the college.
437-9 cu,: V.C. Ct. 1.23 pp 17-18
While it is true that many of the stage keepers were r,s, as Carr states he was told in his tes-
timony on p 438, Daniel Boyes, who may have been a stage keeper, was a townsman.
440-8 cu,: V.C. Ct. 1.23 pp 19-26
Jeffrey Allott's 'master who went to the Comedye' (p 441, 1. 24) has not been identified.
IfJarmin Ward were 'admitted a Snt Iohns man' (p 443, 1.27), it would have been not in
the formal, academic sense (he was illiterate), but as a hired servant of the college. However,
this claim is put forward only as hearsay by John Simonds and not confirmed by Ward's own
testimony on p 443, nor is it mentioned in Simonds' second deposition on p 466. The expres-
sion 'xl s & xl to' (forty shillings and another forty) is idiomatic and not to be taken literally.
It is also used in Fulgens and Lucres, 1. F1.1072 (Alan H. Nelson (ed), The Plays of Henry
Medwall (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1980), 57, 184).
451-2 cu,: V.C. Ct. 1.23 p 30
Evidently Smart the porter (p 452, 1.24) was to have been examined, but was not. See discussion
of porters in endnote to p 431.
457 cu,: V.C. Ct. 1.23 p 39
A punishment which involved setting offenders in the stocks with inscriptions announcing
their faults was also meted out in 1606-7 (p 407). Evidently the scribe intended but failed to
record the inscriptions in the blank area to the right of the names.
457-8 cu,: V.C. Ct. 1.23 p 33
The five names in the second list ('Mr Dillacre,' p 457, 1.30, to "Robert Slegg,' 1.34) are ac-
companied by reference numbers, not to the depositions contained earlier in this MS, but to
those contained in Part 2, cv,: V.C. Ct. II.15.
459-60 cu,: V.C. Ct. II.15 f 1A, ff
The following pages are presumed out of order: ff 3Av, 3B, 3Bv. A fair copy of two depositions
from Part 1, p 16, occurs on f 13v, which is otherwise blank. One line from another case occurs
on f6. The general notes on the layout and handwriting which appear in the endnote to pp
424-31 also apply to this manuscript.
463-4 cu,,,: V.C. Ct. II.15 f 2
St John's drew students largely from the north, including Yorkshire, Trinity from the south;
thus the rivalry (p 464, 11. 1, 7, 16) was partly regional.
467-8 cu,: V.C. Ct. II.15 f 5
The Wrestlers (p 467, 11. 26-7) was an inn located at the intersection of St Andrew's Street
and Petty Cury, across the street from Barnwell Gate; for an illustration, see Atkinson,
Cambridge Described, p 73.
ENDNOTES 1237
497-501 TC^: Box 29.281a pp 63, 69-70
This minutely detailed expense account for the Trinity College plays Adelphe and $cyros, both
by Samuel Brooke, is written in a cramped and often obscure hand.
Henry Wriothesley, earl of Southampton (p 498, 1.6), Shakespeare's sometime patron, was
present at the college comedies ('Memorandum Concerning Royal Visit': see pp 502-11 for
an account of the visit, especially pp 503 and 510). Judging from a second reference to South-
ampton (p 500, 1. 23), both payments were for fetching apparel from his estate.
Was 'mr wilbye' (p 498, 1. 12) John Wilby the madrigalist? Roger North was the son of
the late-sixteenth-century Lord North, who died in 1600; the Norths were a musical family.
For more detail about Wilby, see Appendix 13. Both Wilby and North are mentioned again
further along in the account (p 499, 1. 33).
Throughout the accounts, the word following the preposition 'to' refers to a tradesman or
is a proper name; hence 'Modye' and 'papaly stag' (p 498, 1. 25) are interpreted as names.
The payment for 'horsing vp 3 musitions" (p 498, 1.29) may refer to musicians hired from
London: see p 500, 1. 30, '5 musitians from London.'
The payment for 'a pastorall clothe' (p 500, I. 20) constitutes a rare explicit piece of evidence
for painted cloths used for backgrounds. On 'howses' (1. 20), see Introduction, p 717. The
'centaure' (1.21) was a prop for $cyros, at the opening of which the bow and hide of a defeated
centaur are carried on stage.
501 ct^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 445
Copy in ct^: V.C.V. 3.22a.
501-2 cu^: Collect. Admin. 8 pp 455, 456
Abstract in CUL: Mm.1.42 (Baker 31), p 244. (See next item for another version.)
These are the first of many 'Orders & monitions' issued for royal visits. This monition has
sometimes been misdated 1635-6 (eg, by Cooper, vol 3, p 273, n 2), apparently through con-
fusion over the identity of the palsgrave. (Frederick v visited Cambridge in 1613, his young
son Charles Lewis in 1636.) See Introduction, pp 715-17, for a discussion of the arrangement
of the hall.
502-3 cu^: Collect. Admin. 8 pp 468, 469
Abstract in CUL: Mm. 1.42 (Baker 31), p 244.
503-4 GCL: 73/40 ff 232-2v, ff
Nichols, Progresses of James x, vol 2, p 607, n 3, notes that this document was announced 'to
the Society of Antiquaries by C.H. Hartshorn, Esq. of St John's College, in a Letter to Thomas
Amyot, Esq., Treasurer of the Society, and was read at their meetings, Jan. 13 and Jan. 20,
1825.' He adds: 'It will probably be found in the Appendix to this Volume.' Nichols did not,
however, print the document; hence it is given in full here. The dates of the plays are sometimes
given in error as 3 and 4 March (eg, by Cooper, vol 3, pp 56-7) rather than 2 and 3 March.
On order of foliation, see Document Descriptions, p 796.
Supply 'and' for sense after "Prince Charles' on p 503, 1.31, since the king's 'sonnes' here
are Prince Charles and the king's new son-in-law Frederick v, the elector palatine, who married
1238 ENDNOTES
Princess Elizabeth on 14 February, less than three weeks earlier. The late Prince Henry's con-
nection with Oxford occurred in the form of his matriculation from Magdalen College in
August 1605 (DNB).
505--6 GCL: 73/40 ff 233v--4
Both Neville and Tyndall were aged and infirm, and for this reason not 'able to goe with ye
rest of ye companie' (p 506, 11. 2-3). Tyndall died in 1614, Neville in 1615.
The Gate of Humility Cad portam humilitatis,' p 506, 11.8-9) is one of four named gates
in the college, the others being Wisdom, Honour, and Virtue (see p 506, 11.23-8). The gates
were provided by Dr Caius. Before being moved in 1868, the Gate of Humility opened onto
Trinity Street (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, An lnventoryofthe Historical
Monuments in the City of Cambridge (London, 1959) pt 1, 73).
506-8 GCL." 73/40 ff 238-8v
The chaplain's prayer 'for Prince Henrie' (p 506, 1.20) was a painfulfaux pas, for Henry had
died the previous November.
The writing is so cramped as to be virtually illegible in some places. For another reference
to tracing the foot of a distinguished visitor (probably on the leads of the roof), see Tram-
actions, vol 2, p 355. See also Bodl. : Rawlinson poet. 147, ff l-lv, 'On the Prime of his Lady's
foot curt on the leadds of Kings Colledge chapple' (Margaret Crum (ed), First-Line Indexof
English Poetry, H 1077). Perhaps the phrase 'Name to be pressed. &c' (p 506, 11.34-5)was
part of a similar ri*ual.
510 GCL: 73/40 f 236
Nichols, Progresses of James l, vol 4, pp 1086-7, supplies a third paragraph not in this docu-
ment, taken from/3L: Harley 7041 (Baker 14), apparently citing 'Buck's Book' (QCL: 89).
510-11 GCL: 73/40 ff 240--40v
As on many such occasions, visitors of rank, including 'diuerse other gentlemens sonns'
(p 511, 11. 18-19), came forward in an attempt to acquire unearned degrees.
514 Wing: HI71 p 24
John Hacket played the roles of Cannius in Adelphe and Lycida in Scyros (see Appendix 7
for cast lists).
514 BRO: Trumbull Alphabetical MSS, vol XXXa, no 44 f [1]
The king did not in fact visit Oxford following this visit to Cambridge.
514-15 sJ: D105.25 f [1]
The college tenant 'mr Iugge' (p 515, 1. 8) was Thomas Jugge, created MA on this occasion but
not a student and probably ignorant of Latin.
515 PRO." SP14/72 f 139v
The same text occurs in Chamberlain's letter of 10 March to Sir Ralph Winwood: cited in
McClure, Letters of John Chamberlain, vol 1, p 434.
ENDNOTES 1239
517 Jea: A/C 1.3 p 379
Since the most recent certain record of a play at Jesus College is from 1598-9, and the next
is from 1622-3 (p 586, 11.36-7), this 'stage' may have been for a construction scaffold. The
date of 4 February, however, suggests a stage for a play by its proximity to Candlemas.
519 tc^ f 227v
Mason died this year; his burial is mentioned on f 227. See also Appendix 13.
519 tca f 228v
Judging from its name, the 'repeating Chamber' (1.41) was a rehearsal room ; conceivably it
was the same as the tiring chamber. See the college Junior Bursar's Accounts for 1614-15 (and
endnote) for other references.
520 Ic^ f 189v
'Litle Lunman and others suche Idle ffelowes' (11. 13-14), possibly entertainers, have not been
identified. See p 672, footnote to i. 4, for language of similar harshness.
522 CHA: T.I f [2v]
The charge of ls for the comedy was laid upon three scholars under Mead's tuition; a fourth,
Jonas Styles, was not charged (ff [12-12v]).
523 oc^ nf [f 2v]
The Gate of Humility ('Humilitas gate,' 1. 5) is one of four named gates in the college: see
1612-13 account of royal visit (p 506, 11. 8-9) and endnote.
526 tca f 257
Stephen Wilmott (1. 10) had served as a Trinity College chapel musician since as early as
1609-10 (Senior Bursar's Accounts 4, f 174); this is the first time he is also identified as town
musician. For more information about Wilmott, see Appendix 13.
The 'keay for the commedy' (11.15-16) may have been related to one of the keys and locks
mentioned in the Junior Bursar's Accounts for this year (p 527, 11. 38-9, p 528, 11. 3-7).
526-7 xcA f 258
The 'Rayles on the stage' (p 52 7, 1.1) were evidently distinct from the rail which divided the
lower part of the hall (see university orders beginning in 1612-13). For an illustration of a
stage rail, see the frontispiece to Roxana, Appendix 19, p 1038.
527-8 tca ff 353bzsv, 361
Together with a similar payment from 1619-20, these references to 'the Attyring chamber'
(p 527,1.32), 'a doare coming out of the masters Lodging into the Hall' (p 528, 11.3-4), and
'adore going out of the tyreing house into the Hall' (p 528, 11.6-7), indicate that the tiring
chamber was located behind the wall at the upper end of the hall. (See also Orders and Mon-
itions, especially those of 1628-9, 1631-2, and 1635-6, in which university officials attempted
to prevent unauthorized entrance to the comedies from the master's lolging via the tiring
chamber.) Of the two doors at the upper end, one apparently led to the master's lodge, the
ENDNOTES 1243
552 sA: D105.195 f [1]
The 'blasoninge of Ignoramus armes' (11.26-7) is related to a series of blazons in Chappell's
Susenbrotus. The two surviving copies of the play (Appendix 6:1) contain blazons of the puri-
tan, the Jesuit, the usurer, and the pedant. An independent text in BL: Add. 34218, f 163v,
excerpts all four of these blazons and adds a fifth, 'That of Ignoramus':
Hee beares parte per pale, sable & purple, a barre betweene 3 Angels, his
helmet a coyfe mantled with 2 Indentures Labelled, his dorce a fallinge
band with a sett ruffe vppon it, his crest a horseleache. Supporters, Iohn
a stile of Norfolk and Iohn a Nokes of Devon: the Word Dum viuo thriuo!
552-3 cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.8 f 233v
Thomas Dounton, Edward Jubey, and the rest were the palsgrave's men: see Bentley, ms, vol
1, pp 135-57. This document, which was unknown to Bentley, reveals that the company was
still intact and on tour toward the end of March 1616.
560 cuA: V.C.V. 3(27d) single sheet
Copies in ct3: V.C.V. 3.28a, f i (bifolium, neat); and V.C.V. 3.28b (bifolium, rough). See
Sheet of Accounts 1614-15 (pp 531-2) and endnote.
561-2 cuA: Comm. Ct. V.8 pp 146-7
Sir Edward Hinde was the first knight to serve as mayor of Cambridge. The university held
that, in licensing the lord of taps, Sir Edward was overstepping his authority. John Hill was
vc 1616-17. The university challenged the mayor's power of appointment again in 1637-8.
565-7 cuA: U.Ac. 2(1) pp 499-500
Copy in cuA: V.C.V 3.27d. See Sheet of Accounts 1614-15 (pp 531-2) and endnote.
567 ccA p 137
The assessment upon members of the college for the wages paid to the waits recalls the practice
at Christ's (Appendix 14, except that here the assessment appears to be limited to fellows and
'senior pensioners.') This entry offers the earliest evidence in the Records that the Cambridge
waits were expected to sing as well as play instruments. Similar evidence occurs in the waits'
articles of 1627-8 (p 613).
569 xcA f 10v
On 'the doore that cometh out of the tyringe chamber into the... Masters lodginge' (11.32-3),
see college accounts for 1614-15, pp 527-8 (and endnote).
570-2 cuA: V.C. Ct. 1.9 ff 211v-12
Games were played at the Gog Magog Hills in 1573-4; although no records of intervening
performances survive, this document suggests that they continued with little interruption. The
games of this year are notably similar to entertainments contemplated for a London am-
phitheatre which came to the planning stage this year but which was never built: see Leslie
1244 ENDNOTES
Hotson, 'The Projected Amphitheatre,' Shakespeare Survey, 2 (1949), 24-35; information
summarized in Jcs, vol 6, pp 291-304. Among the proposals: 'For Latine Playes, the helpe
of both the Vniuersities, when Tyme shall require for the Entertainment of Princes, or any
Embassadours from foraigne Nations' (Hotson, p 29).
572-3 Marsden: College Life pp 109-10
The OED gives 1610 as the earliest use in English of'Olympic' in the phrase 'Olympic games'
(see p 572, 11. 30-1). Similarly, performances announced for the projected London am-
phitheatre were designated 'Olympiades' (Hotson, p 29).
The Cambridge bullring was erected in 1603-4 and repaired in 1623-4 and 1631-2; thus
while the bullring may have fallen into disrepair by 1619-20, it had scarcely been banished
forever.
573 Marsden: College Life pp 116-17
This is the only Cambridge reference to a rope-dancer, unless the 'dawnser' sent for at Ches-
terton by the university in 1568-9 was such an entertainer.
573-4 sJA: D105.18 ff [1-1v]
In spite of the fact that Gwyn effected the transfer of Rutland Snowden ('my first borne sonne,'
p 573, 11. 25-6) from Christ's College to St John's following this request, and the fact that
Valentine Cary was elevated to bishop of Exeter in 1621, Gwyn was not made dean of St Paul's,
a position which went instead to John Donne.
576 TCA f 352v
The payment to 'Mr Coote for candles Inck & paper for the Comedy' (1. 16) constitutes a
rare reference to play books or part books. See also Queens' College accounts for 1549-50,
and St John's College accounts for 1578-9.
578 cc p 139
During March and April 1621, Francis Bacon, lord chancellor of England and high steward
of Cambridge (1617-23), recently created Lord Verulam, stood trial for bribery; the day of
his confession and fall was 30 April. Over the next year (ie, during the time of the Corpus
Christi College plays) he recovered somewhat from his disgrace, in part through the self-
serving intervention of Buckingham. This story has been retold by John T. Noonan, Jr, Bribes
(New York, 1984), 334-65. The college stood by its own, though somewhat equivocally, since
it placed restrictions on plays in the vernacular and agreed that in future its plays would be
more carefully supervised. Hull and Brodrib had reason for concern:in 1619John Wrenham
lost both his ears and was sentenced to life imprisonment for making unproved charges against
Bacon (Noonan, pp 335-9).
579 PB: Mctx nf
Since King James is not known to have visited Cambridge this year, the occasion of the pay-
ment remains uncertain.
ENDNOTE$ 1245
581 cRo: PB/7 f 116
This year the town corporation undertook to deal with a growing debt by reducing its standing
obligations, including the annual payment to the waits: Cooper, vol 3, pp 146-7, gives full
details. So far as the waits were concerned, however, the orders had no effect, for the town's
payments to the waits continued unabated both this year and in subsequent years.
582 cc^ p 141
This codicil amends the previous year's prohibition of plays in the vernacular; the amendment
was duly inserted into the earlier memorandum. The 'Decanum' (l. 37) or 'Dean' was evidently
the college's Christmas lord.
583 cc^ p 142
The Christmas tumult may be related to the ceremony of the Christmas 'Dean.' A full list
of the perpetrators and punishments which follows in the chapter book is printed in Masters
and Lamb, History of Corpus Christi College, p 164n.
585-6 cts^: Collect. Admin. 8 pp 453, 454
Abstract in ctsL: Mm. 1.42 (Baker 31), p 243.
The prohibition of rude noises, omitted from the orders of 1624-5, is expanded in the orders
of 1628-9.
586 'Ro: SP15/43 f 1
The Jesus College comedy has not been identified (see Appendix 6:1, Adrastus Parentans).
John Hacker was the principal author of Loiola, Edmund Stubbs evidently a reviser, while
Robert Ward was author of Fucus Histriornastix (see Appendix 6:1).
587 BL." Harley 389 f 289
Ash Wednesday in 1623 fell on 26 February. On the exact date of this performance of Loiola,
see Appendix 6:1.
588 QUL: 89 pp 159, 160, 162
Copy in BL: Harley 7041 (Baker 14), 70.
King James came to Cambridge for the performance of Loiola, but he saw Fucus Histriornas-
tix at Newmarket: see Appendix 6:1.
589 BL: Harley 389 f 298
Copy in cu: Mm. 1.43 (Baker 32), p 363.
592 QtS^: Book 26 nf
On the last folio occurs the following entry, of uncertain date and uncertain significance:
'Ignoramus 1-0.'
594 cu^: Comm. Ct. V.9 f 52v
For nearly contemporary information on the showing of an elephant, see sos, vol 6, p 291.
1246 ENDNOTES
597--8 CUA: V.C. Ct. III.27 (Art. 121) single sheet
Copy in CUA: Collect. Admin. 8, pp 452-3.
598 PRO: SP14/176 f 91
The exact projected date of the comedy is not known; a reasonable estimate is 10 December.
The name of the intended comedy is also unknown (Appendix 11, 1622-3).
598 PRO: SP14/176 f 78v
The 'play presented lately at Newmarket' (1.31 ) was Fucus Histriomastix, presented c 12 March
1623, some two years earlier. The 'ri(me)' (1. 30) was probably 'On Fucus' (Appendix 5).
599 CUA: T.X.19 f 11
Michael Palmer was evidently master of a second company of Cambridge musicians. For more
information on Palmer, see Appendix 13.
605 CHA: BI/7 f 97v
Entries on this page are repeated on f 92.
608 S3A: SB4.4 f 222
King Charles visited Cambridge 1-3 March (p 737); perhaps 'twise' (1.15) in this entry signifies
two payments rather than two visits.
608 ssA pp 229, 234
Payments to waits before this date (eg, 1626-7) were 6s, while payments after 1635-6 (eg,
1636-7) are 5s; conceivably the college decided this year to reduce its payments from 6s to
5s, perhaps seizing the opportunity for change provided by the death of master wait Stephen
Wilmott. One of the two entries for this and subsequent years is an accounting error: see
1635-6.
609 PRO: LC5/132 p 91
The 'Comedy' (1.39) may have been Thomas Vincent's Paria, performed 3 March 1628 before
Charles (Appendix 6:1).
610 3L: Harley 390 f 345v
Since the visit was 'private & accidentall' (1.8), it did not make full demands on the hospitality
of the university.
611-14 CUA: CUR 9 (Art. 10(1)) ff 1-5
Apropos 'insufficience of voyce' (p 613, 1. 15), see Corpus Christi College Chapter Book of
1619-20 for earlier evidence that waits were required to sing as well as to play on instruments.
615-16 EMA: BUR.8.2 f [2v]
Through an error which occurred in recent rebinding, this leaf has been placed second rather
than first in the volume.
1248 ENDNOTES
performance in 1622-3. The only other known performance, however, occurred on 10 Feb-
ruary 1619 (Appendix 6:1).
Still another notice of these events occurs in the notebooks of John Finet, printed in Albert
J. Loomie (ed), Ceremonies of Charles : The Note Books of John Finer, 1628-1641 (New York,
1987), 71-2 (not discovered by the editor in time for inclusion in the Records).
622 VRO: SP16/149 (Art. 108) f 151
Oxford is not known to have produced a play for the king this year, so presumably Brooke
is comparing disputations, not plays. There is no evidence that Brooke, now master of Trinity
College, did write the pastoral and comedy for Shrovetide 1630. (Plays by Brooke had featured
prominently in royal performances in 1612-13 and 1614-15.)
624 OuA: Book 6 f 39
Possibly this payment was for the Trinity College comedy ofFraus Honesta, performed 24
September 1629 (Appendix 6:1), and not for a Queens' College play.
625 ctsA: Lett. 12 (D.3) f [I]
See the similar exchange of letters between Burghley and Hatcher in 1579-80. The 'Queen
of Bohemias Players' (1.23) (ie, the players of Princess Elizabeth) are described by Bentley,
Jcs, vol 1, pp 176-97. Ash Wednesday this year fell on 10 February; thus the projected per-
formances would have occurred during Lent. On 3 March, some three weeks after the date
of Holland's letter and still within Lent, the company played at Norwich (REED Norwich 1540-
1642, p 204).
626 ctsA: T.X.20 f 78 (rev)
This item is also noted in the university audits of 1628-9 (p 619, II. 8, 13).
630 EMA: BUR.8.2 f [I]
For more information about 'Seatre one of ye Musitians' (1. 33), see Appendix 13.
631 :c [f 3]
The college payments for comedies were for the Trinity and Queens' college plays.
633-4 -rc f 295
The phrase 'one yat had beene sick' (I. 38) presumably refers to Seatree (Appendix 13).
636-7 ctA: CUR 27 (Art. 6) f 1
Copies in ct: Collect. Admin. 8, pp 464-7 (dated 1630: '0' apparently supplied later); and
CtL: Mm.l.42 (Baker 31), p 244 (briefly noted with date 1630).
This document, in the hand of James Tabor, has often been misdated 1630; Cooper, vol
3, pp 250-1, gives the correct date.
637 BL: Harley 7000, Art. 172 f 314v
This letter anticipates a visit which did not come off as projected. Of the 'three Comedies'
(11.23-4) mentioned here, two were the English plays being prepared by Peter Hausted (The
ENDNOTES
1249
RivalFriends) and Thomas Randolph (The Jealous Lovers); the third, a Latin play, was not
performed, or at least not for the king and queen. Bentley, Jcs, vol 4, pp 954-5, reasonably
suggests that the Latin play was Thomas Pestell's Versipellis (Appendix 6:2).
637-8 PRO: Cl15/N3/8548 f fly]
The interpretation of'seruices' (p 638, 1.2) as plays is confirmed by Pory's letter of 3 March.
Sir Henry seems to know of only one play in English.
638 pRO: C115/M35/8395 f [1]
Since Ignoramus was first performed on Wednesday, 8 March 1615, the anticipated anniversary
oflgnoramus is off by only one calendar day and accurate as to the day of the week. The coin-
cidence was spoiled, however, by the postponement of the visit to 19-20 March.
640 PRO: C115/M35/8397 f [lv]
Amid a number of documents giving false leads and incorrect dates, Pory's letter serves as a
definitive account of both performances.
640 QUL: 89 p 189
Copies in BL: Harley 7041 (Baker 14), pp 63-4; CUL Mm. 1.44 (Baker 33), p 235 ('From Mr
Pern's Book esq r Bedell,' original not traced); and ct3A: Misc. Collect. 34 (19th c. pen transcript
of Baker 33).
Buck's Book assigns the royal visit to 22 March, a misdating followed by some others (see
next note).
640-1 Wing: F2416 p 166
Fuller, probably following Buck's Book, misdates the performance.
641-2 PRO: SP16/215 ff 14, 14v
David Masson, Life of Milton, vol 1, p 222: 'The writer, who was clearly a member of Corpus
Christi, does not append his name; nor is the person named to whom the letter was sent.' Pos-
sibly the writer was Richard Love, who succeeded Butts as master of Corpus Christi and
became next vc after Comber (1633-4). Masson, who supplies more particulars, adds (p 244,
n 1): 'There are in the State Paper Office several letters of Butts's own, while he was Vice-
Chancellor, on University business, written in a large, hurried hand.'
Henry Butts hanged himself on Easter Sunday, 1 April 1632. Although the three sources
cited here attribute his death to repercussions from the performance of Hausted's The Rival
Friends, these particular repercussions were, if anything, merely the last straw. Butts had been
appointed vc for the third time in succession, a very great honour perhaps bestowed in ap-
preciation for his three-year struggle against the plague in Cambridge (some details recorded
in cuA: CUR T.X. 19 and T.X. 20, Butts' personal diary). Nevertheless, his ambition to be-
come master of Trinity College was thwarted with the royal appointment instead of Thomas
Comber (who succeeded as vc upon Butts' death.) Apparently a quarrel then arose between
Butts and Comber over which play should be presented first to the king and queen (both were
played in Trinity College hall). Butts won the battle (since Queens' play was performed first),
but lost the war (sinceTrinity's play was almost universally preferred). Butts was also criticized
1250
for permitting a mass presentation of degrees to unqualified recipients at royal command (see
also the granting of unearned degrees in the commencement of 1612-13), and may have been
under suspicion of misappropriating funds collected in his fight against the plague (Masson,
vol 1, p 222). A modern medical judgment would probably ascribe his death to a state of ner-
vous collapse. Because he died by his own hand, Butts' goods were forfeited to the crown
and eventually granted to Holland (Cooper, vol 3, p 252), the very person who is accused
of giving Butts the fatal 'check' (see p 642, I1.9-12).
643-5 Bodl.: Rawlinson A.128 ff 1, 2
The reference to leading 'a Lady or gentlewoman by ye arme' (p 644, 1.15) constitutes a rare
piece of evidence that women were present in the general audience.
Similar objections to long hair (p 645, 1.10) were raised in the case of Pepper, 1599-1600.
645-7 cuA: Lett. 12.A.30 single sheet
Copy in cuA: Collect. Admin. 8, pp 704-6.
This letter is reaffirmation of James 's letter of 23 July 1604, indeed nearly a verbatim copy.
647 cuA: Comm. Ct. V.9 f 130
On 17 May 1634 'Bartholomew Cloysse with Six Assistantes' appeared in Norwich with
'diuerse rare engins' (REED Norwich 1540-1642, pp 214-15).
648 CLA: Safe A:l/2 nf
The subscription campaign for rebuilding St Paul's Cathedral had been launched by Laud in
1631 when he was bishop of London. Two years later, Laud was promoted to archbishop of
Canterbury and succeeded in the see of London by William Juxon, who renewed the appeal
in May of 1634 (DvB). Presumably the marginal entry and a similar gift recorded in Queens'
College accounts (p 650) for this year were early contributions to the renewed appeal. The
payment for 'the Comedy' (p 648, 1.4 and 1.9m) evidently refers to the comedy (or comedies)
of 1631-2: see Trinity Hall receipt for this year.
649 PsA: Mcx nf
The payment 'Pro Comedifi' (1.13) evidently refers to the comedy (or comedies) of 1631-2:
see Trinity Hall receipt for this year.
650 QuA: Book 25 nf
This undated fragment has been assigned to this year on the evidence of similar entries in the
Clare College accounts. The payment 'For the Comedy' (1.11) evidently refers to the comedy
(or comedies) of 1631-2.
652 CHA: B1/7 f 283
The 'pore musition' (1.20) was presumably Seatree (Appendix 13).
659 DOL: Bowtell 5 f 188v
On (Robert) Gibins (1. 37), see Appendix 13.
ENDNOTES 1251
660 PRO: SP16/293 f 197
For more detail about this incident, see Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Charles *, vol 8,
p 270. The phrase 'some foolish Buship' (!. 11) is a slighting reference to Laud.
Edward Cropley, mayor in 1612-13 and 1638-9, was a 'zealous churchman' (Gray, Mayors,
p 33). Another document in this case is SP 16/296, 27 August 1635, in which Preist explains
that he had been drunk and that "divers of his neighbours told him that he had used unseemly
actions in the market-place, and had spoken against the Bishops and the Book of Recreation,
but was not told those particular words mentioned in the information' (CSPD, Charles *, vol
8, p 356; also cited by Cooper, vol 5, p 390). Perhaps Cropley was also recalling the Star
Chamber session of 17 February 1634, where, in the course of sentencing William Prynne,
the court decided that stage plays were to be reformed but not abolished (DtVB, William Laud).
660 KCL: Misc. 74/1 f 78v
Richard Juxon, about twenty-four years of age at the time of his death, was the brother of
William Juxon, bishop of London 1633-60 and archbishop of Canterbury 1660-3. Venn notes
that the death occurred 'at the Blue Boar, Cambridge.' Venn's evidence for this statement has
n0t been traced. The Blue Boar survived as a public house until 1986; only its fagade has been
preserved.
660 CHA: BI/7 f 342
For more information about money for 'the towne musick ... gathered vpon the schollers,'
see Appendix 14.
661 CLA: Safe A:I/2 nf
The prince elector who visited this year was Charles Lewis, young son of Frederick v, who
had visited in 1612-13.
664 CRO: P30/4/2 p 4
The'Birth of the prince' (!. 22) evidently refers, with a mistake as to sex, to the birth of Princess
Elizabeth on 28 December.
664 PRO: SP16/303 f 249
.This warrant is embedded among warrants concerning defaults at musters; hence the correc-
tion.
666-7 cuA: CUR 27 (Art. 7) single sheet
Copies in cu: CUR 44.1 (Art. 152: Tabor's rough draft); and Grace Book E (pasted onto
inside of front cover).
This is the latest surviving instance of the routine Orders and Monitions for royal visits.
The first of the two plays may have been Senilis Amor (see Appendix 6:1 and Jcs, vol 5, p 1408).
667 SF: Fondo Mediceo del Principato, Filza 4199 f [2]
Although Salvetti anticipates a visit of King Charles accompanied by the prince palatine, in
fact the prince came without the king.
1252 ENDNOTES
667-8 Bodl.: Tanner 70 (Art. 79) f [lv]
Still another notice of these events occurs in the notebooks of John Finet, printed in Loomie
(ed), Ceremonies of Charles j (not discovered by the editor in time for inclusion in the Records).
The following passage, cited from Loomie, p 194, adds several material points to the infor-
mation to be found in the Records:
The 4th of February his highness went in company of the earl of Holland
and others to Cambridge for sight of that university and of the comedyes
there prepared for him. He... was before four of the clock seated in the
hall for sight of a latine comedy then ready to be acted, which had been
before appointed for after supper but was by my persuasion (with
intimation to the Vice Chancellour of his but newly recovered health to
be lykely to be indangered by his sitting up late and watching) turned to
an afternoons work.
The next morning after breakfast he was present at another latine
comedy and by four in the afternoon was in his coach, which carryed him
that night to Bishops Stortford...
668-70 cuA: CUR 15 (Art. 13) ff [1-2]
Though its exact date is unknown, this document is placed here because of its reference to
1634 as the recent past. Seatree's name, together with references to his wife and to a musician
described as poor, sick, or incarcerated (for debt?), occur in various accounts throughout the
1630s (see Index and Appendix 13). Additional references occur in the diary of Henry Butts
1629-32 (CUR: T. X.20). The vc in 1635-6 was Henry Smith; his predecessor was William
Beale.
The "musicon & his Cumpany' (p 668, 1.29) were evidently John Browne and the university
waits. The identity of the 'other musicmn' (p 669, 1.24), not one of the university waits, is
unknown.
670 CHA: BI/7 ff 385, 385v
The 'musitians wife' (11. 19, 24) was presumably the wife of Seatree.
671 KCA [f 2]
William Daniel was a member of the King's Revels: see Nungezer, Dictionary of Actors; Jcs,
vol 2, pp 420-1; and other volumes of REED.
672 QUA: Book 27 p 90
These payments are too large to be the annual fees to the waits, which may be represented
instead by the payment, recorded on the flyleaf, of 5s for 'Musitians & their dyer' (1. 15).
Perhaps the large payments are for services performed in the college chapel.
672-3 QuA: Book 49 ff 6v, 7
The note that the costumes were taken from the treasury 'to be ayred' (p 672, 1.34) may in
fact apply to those which were returned a few days after they were taken out, but the long
ENDNOTES 1253
delay in returning the other costumes may suggest that they were loaned out, as was more
clearly the case in 1638-9. Queens' College had no play this year.
'My Lord Feildings suite' (p 672, !. 36) was presumably a suit donated by Basil Feilding,
styled Viscount Feilding, or possibly by his father, William Feilding, earl of Denbigh. Both
were graduates of Queens' and men of wealth and power.
676-7 QUA: Book 6 f 77
This is the first mention of the college 'Acting-chamber' (!. 32) under that name, but see
'conclaue theatriorum' of 1548-9 (p 158, !1.23-4), and Appendix 11, 1637-8, Queens' Col-
lege. On 'ye new Stage-house' (p 676, !. 38), see the same appendix. The phrase 'Mr Hughe's
yard' (!. 40) refers to the yard of the large house at the corner of Queens' Lane and Silver Street
occupied at this time by Francis Hughes, esquire bedell.
678-9 QUA: Book 27 pp 128, 91, 129
The entries on pp 128 and 129 occur in the formal accounts for 1637-8. The scribe used a for-
merly blank page in the accounts for 1636-7 (p 91) to transcribe the full bill for the comedy
of 1637-8; he also provided the cross-reference from p 91 to p 128.
The play performed this year was William Johnson's Valetudinarium (Appendix 6:1).
680 ct;^: U.Ac. 2(1) p 664
Copy in ct;^: V.C.V. 4.10.a, f lv.
Apparently this payment represents an attempt to renew the letter of 26 June 1632, though
it is not clear why that letter was not still in force. Presumably professional players were still
attempting to perform at Cambridge and still challenging the validity of any letter on which
the ink was dry.
680-1 cu^: Comm. Ct. V.9 ff 194v-5
This document provides unique pre- 1642 evidence for the lord of taps' costume (for further
information on this costume, see Atkinson, Cambridge Described, p 206 and Palmer,
Cambridge Borough Documents, vol 1, p 166). A similar dispute between the town and the
university over authority to appoint the lord of taps is recorded in 1617-18.
681-3 BL: Harley 7019 f 78
On the origin and history of'ye Lecture... in Trinity Church in Cambridge' (p 682, 11.25-7),
see Porter, Reformation and Reaction, pp 262-3.
683 CH^: BI/7 ff 446, 449
The external expenses account is called, evidently in error, 'Expenses in the kitchen and
storeroom.' Could 'clarke a poet' (1.29) be Robert Clarke, the Catholic poet (d. 1675: ONB)?
684-5 QUA: Book49 f 9
This is the only occasion on which a college is known for certain to have loaned costumes
out, but see similar Queens' entries in 1636-7.
'Mr Connoway at Hinckston' (p 684, 1.40) was John Connoway, minister at Hinxton, Cam-
bridgeshire, 1617-57.
ENDNOTES 1255
841 cu^: Collect. Admin. 3 ff 26v-7
Copies in cu^: Collect. Admin. 1 (Senior Proctor's Book), ff I Iv-12; Collect. Admin. 2
(Junior Proctor's Book), ff 66v-7; and Misc. Coll. 4 (Stokys' Book), ff 30v- I. This statute
is numbered 44 or 46 depending on the source.
Cooper, vol I, p 110, dates this order about 1368. M.B. Hackett, The Original Statutes
of Cambridge University: The Text and its History (Cambridge, 1970), Appendix n, dates the
order 'before 1390.'
842 SJA: D57.136 single sheet
Although this bill of expenses is undated, the name 'mayster artur" suggests a connection with
the plays of Thomas Arthur as mentioned by Bale (see next item). Since from 1525 Arthur
was engaged in the controversies alluded to by Bale and had only become a fellow of St John's
in 1518, a date in the first half of the 1520s seems the most reasonable conjecture for these plays.
842 src: 1296a pp 709-10
Thomas Arthur was a member of St John's College (see previous note). Both these plays are
lost (Appendix 6:2).
842-3 sJ^: C7.2 ff 255v-6
This undated costume inventory may be compared with more or less exactly dated St John's
College inventories from 1540-1, 154 I-2, 1548-9, 1556-7, and 1562-3. (An inventory from
1546-7, without a detailed listing of constituent items, should also be noted.) Although some
relationship may be discerned with each of the detailed lists, particular affinities may be seen
with inventories from the 1540s, eg: golden letters (p 843, !. 22) occur explicitly in 1540-I
(p 123, !. 14); two dragons (p 843, !. 4) occur in 1541-2 (p 127, !. 33) and 1548-9 (p 162,
!. 20); and two French hoods (p 843, !. 25) occur in 1548-9 (p 160, !. 8). Similarities in hand-
writing between this inventory and that of 1540- I, written by William Rustyd (p 122), suggest
he may have copied this one also.
843 sJ^: C7.2 f 255
A costume for Miles (p 843, !. 32) - presumably Pyrgopolynices of Plautus' Miles Gloriosus -
also occurs in the college inventories of 1541-2 (p 126, !. 20) and 1562-3 (p 219, !!. 35-6).
Although this brief list was copied into the Register on the folio immediately preceding those
containing the previous list, differences in handwriting and vocabulary suggest it was not writ-
ten by the same scribe. It has been tentatively dated to the following decade on the basis of
handwriting.
845 Georg Braun: De Praecipuis totius vniversi vrbibus p 1
For a translation of the complete letter, see Cooper, vol 2, pp 328-30. For a comprehensive
history of Braun's and Hogenberg's cartographical enterprise, including editions and trans-
lations into German and French, see Georg Braun, Civitates orbts terrarum, R.A. Skelton (ed),
voi 1 (Amsterdam, 1965), Introduction.
846 src: 17453 sig B2v
Boas, University Drama, pp 82-8, cites arguments, based chiefly on this passage and the next,
1256 ENDNOTE$
both part of the Martin Marprelate controversy, for identifying John Bridges (Venn, John (!))
as author of Gammer Gurton's Needle. Further on this subject, see Appendix 6:1, Gammer
Gurton's Needle, note.
847-8 STC: 746 sig Kiij
Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, was admitted to Trinity College as fellow commoner in 1577,
matriculated in 1579, and received an MA in 158 ! (Venn); hence his claimed presence squares
well with a date of 1580-1 for the performance of Pedantius (see Appendix 6:!, note).
848 STC: 18377 sig Hlv
On Nash's ascription of Pedantius to (Anthony) Wingfield, see Appendix 6:!, note.
848-9 STC: 18369 sig B4
The line 'Vrbs, vrbs, ad arma, ad arma' (p 849, 1.5) occurs in Richardus Tertius, Part ,, act
3, scene 2, 1.8 (Lordi's edition: see Appendix 6 :! ). It is the first line of a speech of ten lines
assigned to a 'Chorus procerum tumultuantium' (chorus of nobles in an uproar); perhaps, as
Nash relates, the line was spoken not by the entire chorus, but by one member of the chorus.
The actors making up this chorus are not named in the cast list (Appendix 7).
849-50 STC: 18369 sigs M4-N1
Gabriel Harvey's 'foure familiar Epistles' (p 849, 1.23) is STC: ! 2900; his 'Musarum Lachrymae'
(p 849, 11.25-6) is STC: ! 2905. Thomas Nash's 'Piers Pennilesse' (p 849, 1.28) is STC: ! 8371-5.
Further on Tarrarantantara and Duns furens, see Appendix 6:2. The Peterhouse stocks
(p 850, !. 8) are mentioned in PHA: Computus Roll for ! 577-8, single mb, under 'Payments
within college.'
850-1 Vatican Library: Reginensis latinus 666 ff 155v-6
Entire document printed in G.W. Groos (ed and tr), The Diary of Baron Waldstein: A Travel-
ler in Elizabethan England (London, 1981); discussed by G.K. Hunter, 'Recent Studies in
the English Renaissance,' Studies in English Literature, 23 (1983), 148-50.
852 STC: 17834 sigs Oo5-5v
On Watson's Antigone, sometimes ascribed to Cambridge, see Appendix 6:4.
852 KCL: Misc. 74/! f 55v
William Chace is listed under ! 583, the year of his admission to King's College. For a full
description of 'Hatchet's Book,' see Introduction, pp 758-9.
853 cut: Add. 34 f 35
Presumably the 'pastorall' which the writer had seen at King's College was Pastor Fidus (Ap-
pendix 6: ! ).
853 CUL: Add. 34 f 37
This entry constitutes the sole evidence for a Cambridge performance of Ajax Flagellifer. This
1257
ENDNOTES
play was prepared in 1563-4 for presentation to Elizabeth, but the performance was cancelled
(pp 235, 238).
853-4 src: 13309 sigs C3v-4
Heywood's Apology was answered in 1615 by J ohn Greene's Refutation oftle Apology for
Actors, which in turn was cited by William Prynne in 1633: see Prynne's text, p 856, and
endnote.
854 src: 13309 sig F4v
The 'learned Gentleman' is John Harington (see p 850).
855 Bodl.: Ashmole 788 f 205
Philip Kynder was born in 1597 (Venn): this comment is assigned to 1615 since that was his
eighteenth year.
855 src: 19502 sigs E3v-4
Priscianus vapulans (1.22) was presumably not a Cambridge play: see Jcs, vol 5, pp 1397-8.
855-6 Harcourt (ed): The Life of Doctor Preston pp 36-7
The'Montaine' which was 'already growne to some bigness' (1.39) was George Montaigne,
in 1615 master of the Savoy, chaplain to the king, dean of Westminster, and two years away
from his appointment in 1617 as bishop of Lincoln (Venn). Another passage from Bali's Life
of Preston is cited in the Records, p 544. See also the full document description in the intro-
duction, pp 807-8.
856 src: 20464a sigs Rrrlv-2
Prynne's marginal notes, which cite various authorities, are omitted from this transcription
because they are so profuse as virtually to overwhelm the text. Prynne is indebted to the fol-
lowing, among others: John Greene, Refutation of the A pologie for Actors (London, 1615),
src: 12214-15, pp 17-18 (Greene's Refutation is an answer to Heywood's Apology (1612),
cited pp 853-4); and John Rainolds, Tb" Ouertbrow of Stage-playes (London, 1599), src:
20616, also 20617-18. This passage is cited at greater length in REED, Oxford, forthcoming.
857 Bodl.: Tanner 465 f 44
S.V. Gapp, "Notes on John Cleveland,'/'M/_a, 46 (1931), 1078-9, singles out the line
'Putt on thy socks, & tread the stage againe' (1.19), stating: 'Not the least interesting suggestion
of thepoem is that Cleveland may have been connected with the stage.' Bentley, Jcs, vol 3,
p 165, includes Cleveland among his list of playwrights exclusively on the evidence of
this line, adding however: 'There are no known dramatic works of the poet John Cleveland
and not even any direct assertion that he wrote any .... ' In fact, Cleveland's first college,
Christ's, produced no plays after 1567-8, while his second, St John's, is not known to have
produced any plays later than 1619-20. In sum, if Cleveland established a reputation for par-
ticipating in plays, it was almost certainly not in connection with anything he did while at
Cambridge.
1258 ENDNOTES
857 PRO: SP16/331 Art. 14 p 3
Document cited at greater length in REED, Oxford, forthcoming. Was Carnarvan thinking of
Hausted's The Rival Friends as the very worst play he had ever seen?
858 Bodl.: Rawlinson Poet. 246 f 27 (single sheet)
Abraham Cowley's 'English Pastorall' (1. 19) was Love's Riddle, composed at Westminster
School before he came to Cambridge, while the 'Latin Comedy' (l. 20) was almost certainly
Naufragium joculare (Appendix 6:1): see 'cs, vol 3, p 173.
Rose Macau lay makes the earlier performance of Cowley's NaufragiumJoculare (1637-8)
a central incident in her historical novel, They Were Defeated (London, 1932).
858 Longleat: Portland Papers, vol xxiv f 84
Entire document printed in Gervase Holies, Memorials of the Holies Family, 1493-166, A.C.
Wood (ed), Camden Society, 3rd ser, 55 (London, 1937).
859 Wing: M2090 p 14
Masson, Life of Milton, vol 1, pp 221-5, places Milton in attendance at the second performance
of Fraus Honesta, 24 September 1629 (see Appendix 6:1). Reasonable though such conjecture
may be, no positive evidence survives for the particular play or plays Milton may have at-
tended, or had in mind while composing this passage. William Riley Parker, Milton: A Bio-
graphy, vol 2 (Oxford, 1968), 740, n 59, more cautiously gives a list of plays Milton might
have seen, from Mewe's Pseudomagia to Randolph's Jealous Lovers (see Appendix 8).
860 Wing: H169 p vi
Although Loiola was acted at least twice, it was acted before James only on 12 March 1623
(Appendix 6:1); no known document confirms or even suggests a second performance before
the king.
Neither the 'ingenious Pen' (1.9) which composed the prologue in question nor the prologue
itself has been identified.
860 London: 1787 p lxxii
John Hayward was admitted to Clare College in 1736, received his BA in 1739-40, and became
a fellow of the college in 1742 (Venn, John (11)). Boas, University Drama, p 325, n 1, offers
the following skeptical comment: 'Revera has now disappeared, and Hayward can scarcely
have read Club Law, or he would not have spoken of it as written "to expose the puritans. '
Club Law was an authentic play whose lost text was recovered only in this century (see 1907
edition noted in Appendix 6:1). Granted that the existence of Club Law was known indepen-
dently, from Fuller's description (Records, pp 377-8), nevertheless the subsequent substan-
tiation of Hayward's claim regarding the existence of Club Law may give some reason for
confidence in his claim concerning Re Vera. Further on Re Vera, see Appendix 6:2.
862 STC: 23332 sig Mm 7
This edition of Stow's Chronicle (London, 1618) contains Edmund Howes" continuation to
1618; hence Howes rather than Stow composed the note concerning Ignoramus.
1260 ENDNOTES
incidents from this episode, and from Villiers' involvement in masque before the king at
Whitehall in January 1615 (see Es, vol 3, pp 389-90) to the performance of Ignoramus at Cam-
bridge on 8 March or 13 May, and McElwee seems to have built on Coke's fabrication.
Patrons and
Travelling Companies
ELZA TINER
The following list has two sections. The first gives companies alphabetically by patron,
according to the principal title under which the playing companies and entertainers
appear. Cross-references to the principal title are given from other titles named in
the Records. The second section lists companies which are identified by place of
origin; names of counties are supplied when the identification of a town or village
is sufficiently certain.
The biographical information supplied here has come entirely from printed sources,
the chief of which are the following: S.T. Bindoff (ed), The HistoryofParliament:
The House of Commons 1509-1558, 3 vols (London, 1982); Calendar of Patent Rolls
(edited through 1576); Calendar of State Papers; G[eorge] E[dward] C[okayne], The
Complete Peerage... ; The Dictionary of National Biography; James E. Doyle, The
Official Baronage of England Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every
Peer from 1066 to 1885, 3 vols (London, 1886); P.W. Hasler (ed), The History of
Parliament: The House of Commons 1558-1603, 3 vols (London, 1981); Letters and
Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry vm, 21 vols and Addenda (London, 1864-1932);
F. Maurice Powicke and E.B. Fryde (eds), Handbook of British Chronology; and
Josiah C. Wedgwood and Anne D. Holt, History of Parliament: Biographies of the
Members of the Commons House 1439-1509 (London, 1936).
All dates are given in accordance with the style in the sources used. The authorities
sometimes disagree over the dates of birth, death, creation, succession, and office
tenure. Where this evidence conflicts, the Calendar of State Papers, Calendar of Patent
Rolls, and similar collections are preferred: for example, List of Sheriffs for England
and Wales from the Earliest Times to A.D. 183l, Public Record Office, Lists and
Indexes, no 9 (London, 1898); J.H. Gleason, The]ustices of the Peace in England:
1558to 1640(Oxford, 1969); andJ.C. Sainty, 'Lieutenants of Counties, 1585-1642,"
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Special Supplement no 8 (May, 1970).
Normally each patron entry is divided into four sections. The first lists relevant
personal data and titles of nobility with dates. Succession numbers are given only
for the most important titles and for titles given in the Records. These numbers follow
the absolute sequence given in The Complete Peerage rather than the relative ones
which begin afresh with each new creation. Knighthood dates are included only for
1262 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
minor gentry not possessing higher titles. The second section lists appointments
showing connections local to Cambridgeshire and surrounding counties and includes
those known to have been used in titles of playing companies. Purely expeditionary
military titles have been largely omitted, along with most minor Scottish and Irish
landed titles. For patrons holding peerage titles, minor civil commissions not given
in The Complete Peerage and The Dictionary of National Biography have been
omitted. Readers desiring further information on these patrons are advised to consult
the Calendar of Patent Rolls and Letters and Papers of Henry viii.
Where possible, the date of an appointment is taken from the date of a document
assigning that position. If the appointment is stated in the document to be 'for life,'
then these words follow the title of that post. If the original document has not been
edited and a secondary source is used which states 'until death,' then this form appears.
Otherwise dates of appointment and termination are given, if available. If the length
of time an office is held is not known, then only the date of appointment is given.
Alternatively, if the only evidence comes from a source dated some time during the
period of tenure, then the word 'by' plus date appears. If only the date of termination
is known, 'until' is used. Finally, if no dates at all are available, 'nd' follows the title
of the job. A '?' following a date indicates uncertainty regarding the dating of a
document in the sources or differentiation in the case of several patrons by the same
name who might have held the post. For all minor commissions such as commissions
of the peace 0P), years only are given. If the dates of these commissions cover several
years in sequence, then the earliest and latest years of the sequence are separated by
a dash.
The third section, for which information is often incomplete or unavailable,
contains the names and locations of the patron's principal seats, and locations of other
properties he or she is known to have held. Extensive property lists have been
condensed. Place names for which no standard modern spelling is available are
enclosed in single quotes to indicate spelling from the original source.
The fourth section is an annotated index by date of the appearances of each patron's
company or companies in the Records. Following the date are the page numbers in
parentheses where the citations occur. If a patron's company appears under a title
other than the usual or principal one, this other title is in parentheses next to the
designation of the company. Companies named according to a patron's civil
appointment are indexed under the name of that post as it appears in the Records:
for example, 'Lord Admiral,' 'Chancellor.' All other companies appear under their
patron's principal landed title. If a patron has more than one type of company, all
entries for a given type are grouped together in chronological order. Each group of
entries is then listed according to the earliest year that company appears in the Records.
If two or more companies first appear in the same year, alphabetical order is followed.
The reader may also wish to refer to the indexes for additional references to some
of the patrons and to various unnamed companies and their players. When it has been
possible to identify a patron of an unnamed company, the reference has been included
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1263
here; otherwise such references are only in the index. Noble patrons are listed in the
indexes under their family names or, in the case of women, under their maiden names.
Abbreviations
acc acceded gov governor
adm admiral JP Justice of the Peace
bapt baptized jt joint
bef before KG Knight of the Garter
bet between lieut lieutenant
capt captain MP Member of Parliament
co county nd no date
cornrn commissioner parl parliament
cr created vc Privy Councillor
custos rot custos rotulorum pres president
d died succ succeeded
eccles ecclesiastical summ summoned
gen general Univ University
1264 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Companies Named by Patron
Abergavenny
Elizabeth Beauchamp (16 Sept 1415-18 June 1448), daughter of Richard Beauchamp,
Lord Bergavenny; succ suo jure Baroness Bergavenny, 18 Mar 1421/2. Married
Edward Nevill, by 18 Oct 1424.
or
Joan FitzAlan (1375-14 Nov 1435), married William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny
(d 8 May 1411 );held castle and honour of Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales, in
dower until death.
minstrel/s 1427-8 (25)
Bedford
John of Lancaster (20 Jun 1389-15 Sept 1435), 3rd son of Henry IV, qv, cr 1 st duke
of Bedford and I st earl of Kendal 16 May 1414 and ! 2th earl of Richmond 24 Nov
1414. p Linc 1412-14 and 1416; guardian of the kingdom 11 Aug 1415, 25Ju11417,
and 10Jun 1421 ; protector of the kingdom 5 Dec 1422; lord high adm 26Ju11426.
Seats at Berkhamstead and Hertford, Herts, Tutbury, Staff, and Kenilworth, Warw;
lands in several counties, including Essex.
entertainers 1422-3 (23)
Jasper Tudor (c 1430-21 Dec 1495), cr 16th earl of Pembroke by 20 Jan 1452/3 and
3rd duke of Bedford 27 Oct 1485; attainted 4 Nov 1461 ; restored 1470-1 ; attainted
1471 ; fled England after 4 May 1471 ; restored to earldom 12 Dec 1485. P Suff 1490,
1492, and 1494, Linc 1491-3 and 1495, Northants 1491 and 1493-4, Camb 1493 and
1495, Hunts 1493, Leic 1493-5, Rut 1493, Beds 1494, Norf 1494, Essex 1495-6; pc
27 Oct 1485; earl marshal of England 1492. Seat at Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire,
Wales; lands in many counties, including Herts and Linc.
entertainers 1493-4 (71)
Buckingham
Edward Stafford (3 Feb 1477/8-17 May 1521), son of Henry, 2nd duke of
Buckingham, restored as 3rd duke of Buckingham, 8th earl of Stafford, 7th earl of
Buckingham, and 9th Baron Stafford Nov 1485. pc 1509; beheaded 17 May 1521. Seats
at Thorn bury, Glouc and Brecon Castle, Brecknockshire, Wales; manor at Penshurst,
Kent; lands in many counties, including Beds, Essex, Hunts, Norf, Northants, and
Suff.
entertainers 1503-4 (79)
trumpeters 1518-19 (90)
George Villiers (28 Aug 1592-23 Aug 1628), cr Viscount Villiers and Baron Whaddon
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1265
27 Aug 1616, 8th earl of Buckingham 5 Jan 1616/17, 1st marquess of Buckingham
1 Jan 1617/18, and 4th duke of Buckingham and 1st earl of Coventry 18 May 1623.
Chief justice in eyre south of Trent by 20 Nov 1619 until death; pc 4 Feb 1616/17;
high steward honour of Grafton, Northants 1622; lord high adm 28 Jan 1618/19 until
death;chancellor Cambridge Univ 2 Jun 1626 until death; assassinated 23 Aug 1628.
Seats at Whaddon, Bucks, New Hall, Essex, Brooksby, Leic, and Burghley House,
Rut; residence at York House, Twickenham, Midd, from 1624; lands in several
counties, including Essex, Linc, and Surf.
trumpeters (chancellor) 1627-8 (605-6)
trumpeters (duke) 1627-8 (607-9)
Probably
musicians (duke)
trumpeters (duke)
1627-8 (605)
1628-9 (617)
Byron
John Byron (c 1599-Aug 1652), cr I st Baron Byron 24 Oct 1643. Lieut of the Tower
26 Dec 1641 - by 10 Feb 1641/2. Seats at Rochdale, Lanc and Newstead Abbey, Nott;
lands in Nott.
musician/s 1640-1 (696)
Chancellor see George Villiers (under Buckingham), Holland, and Lord Chancellor
Clarence
Lionel of Antwerp (29 Nov 1338-17 Oct 1368), by right of marriage 5th earl of Ulster,
Ireland, bef 26 Jan 1346/7 and cr 1st duke of Clarence 13 Nov 1362. Guardian of
England 1 Jul 1345, 25 Jun 1346; Seat at Clare, Surf. Residence at Dublin Castle,
Ireland.
entertainers (Lord Lionel) 1362-3 (7)
Cromwell
Thomas Cromwell (c 1485-28 Jul 1540), cr I st Baron Cromwell 9 J ul 1536 and 16th
earl of Essex 17 Apr 1540. pc by Jan 1531 ; chancellor of the excheq uer 12 Apr 1533
until death; steward duchy of Lancaster for Essex and Herts, manor of Writtle, Essex,
9Jun 1536, Havering atte Bower, Essex, 3 Dec 1537, and honour of Rayleigh, Essex,
20 Sept 1539; master of the rolls 8 Oct 1534-10 Jul 1536; jt constable Hertford Castle,
Herts 1534 until death; chancellor, high steward, and visitor Cambridge Univ 1535
until death; JP Herts 1537-40, Linc 1537-40, Surf 1537-9, Hunts, Norf, Camb 1538-
9, Essex and St Albans, Herts 1538 and 1540, Leic 1538-9, Northants 1538-9,
Peterborough, Northants 1540; lord privy seal 2 Ju11536 until death; lord chamberlain
18 Apr 1540; imprisoned in the Tower 10Jun 1540; attainted 29Jun 1540; beheaded
28Ju11540. Principal residence at Austin Friars, London; seat also at Oakham, Rut;
1266 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
lands in many counties, including Beds, Camb, Essex, Herts, Leic, Linc, Norf,
Northants, Rut, and Suff.
performers 1536-7 (112)
players 1537-8 (114)
1539-40 (119)
Derby
Edward Stanley (10 May 1509-24 Oct 1572), probably styled Lord Strange until he
succ as 12th earl of Derby, 1 lth Lord Strange, 4th Lord Stanley, and lord of the Isle
of Man 23 May 1521. 9 Aug 1551, 17 Aug 1553, and 24 Nov 1558. Seats at Lathom
and Knowsley, Lanc and Knockin, Shrops; lands in several counties, including Linc.
player 1532-3 (106)
players 1535-6 (110)
Henry Stanley (Sept 1531-25 Sept 1593), son of Edward, 12th earl of Derby, qv,
styled Lord Strange until summ to parl as 12th Lord Strange 23 Jan 1558/9; succ as
13th earl of Derby, 5th Lord Stanley, and lord of the Isle of Man 24 Oct 1572.
by 20 May 1585; lord steward of the household after Sept 1588-93. Seats at Lathom
and Knowsley, Lanc and Knockin, Shrops.
players (Lord Strange) 1565-6 (249)
trumpeters 1590-1 (330)
Dudley see Warwick
Duke see George Villiers (under Buckingham), Ludovic Stuart (under Lennox), and
Richmond
Essex
Henry Bourchier (c 1472-13 Mar 1539/40), succ as 15th earl of Essex, 2nd Viscount
and 6th Lord Bourchier 4 Apr 1483. JP Camb, Hunts, Leic, Linc, Northants, Rut
1493, Herts 1493, 1497, 1500-1, 1503, 1506, 1509-12, 1514, 1519, 1521-2, 1524,
1528, 1531-2, and 1537-40, and Essex 1496, 1498-1502, 1504, 1506, 1508-15, 1520,
1523, 1525-6, 1528, 1530-2, 1536, 1538, and 1540; 1505. Seat at Gaynes Park,
Essex; lands in several counties, including Essex and Herts.
trumpeters 1530-1 (103)
Robert Devereux (19 Nov 1566-25 Feb 1600/1), styled Viscount Hereford until he
succ as 19th earl of Essex, 6th Lord Ferrers, and 9th Lord Bourchier 22 Sept 1576.
vc 25 Feb 1592/3; chancellor Cambridge Univ 1598 until death; beheaded 25 Feb 1600/
1. Seats at Chartley, Staff and Lamphey, Pembrokeshire, Wales; residence at Essex
House, the Strand, Midd; lands in several counties, including Hunts.
trumpeter 1592-3 (344)
PATRONS AND COMPANIES
1267
Robert Devereux (bapt 22 Jan 1590/1-14 Sept 1646), son of Robert, 19th earl of Essex,
ely , styled Viscount Hereford until restored as 20th earl of Essex, 7th Lord Ferrers,
and 10th Lord Bourchier 18 Apr 1604. vc 19 Feb 1640/1; lord chamberlain of the
household Ju11641-2. Seats at Chartley, Staff and Lamphey, Pembrokeshire, Wales:
residence at Essex House, the Strand, Midd.
trumpeters 1616-17 (554)
trumpeter/s 1617-18 (557)
trumpeters 1617-18 (558-9)
1625-6 (600)
Eure
Ralph Eure (24 Sept 1558-1 Apr 1617), succ as 3rd Lord Eure 12 Feb 1593/4. Seats
at Ingleby Greenhow, Malton Castle, and Stokesley, all in Yorks, NR.
trumpeter 1616-17 (554)
William Eure (c 1579-buried 28 Jun 1646), son of Ralph, 3rd Lord Eure, qv, succ
as 4th Lord Eure I Apr 1617. Seats at Malton Castle, Yorks, NR, and Witton Castle,
Iuro
trumpeters 1619-20 (569)
Exeter (duke)
Thomas Beaufort (bef 1396-31 Dec 1426), cr 1st earl of Dorset 5 Jul 1411 or 1412
and 2nd duke of Exeter 18 Nov 1416. Lord high adm for life 3 M ar 1411 / 12; JP Norf
1406-8, 1410, 1413-16, 1418, and 1422-4, Lynn, Norf 1407-8, 1410, and 1414-15,
Surf 1411, 1413-14, 1417, 1419, and 1422-4, Essex 1417, 1419, and 1422-4, Camb
1424-5, and Hunts 1424; lord chancellor 31 .Jan 1409/10-5 Jan 1411/12. Lands in
several counties, including Linc and Norf.
entertainer/s 1424-5 (24)
Henry Holand (27Jun 1430-Sept 1475), son of John, 3rd duke of Exeter, qv (under
Huntingdon), succ as 4th duke of Exeter and 15th earl of Huntingdon 5 Aug 1447.
Lord high adm 14 Feb 1445/6-60; JP Beds, Hunts, and Northants 1471 ; constable
Fotheringhay Castle, Northants for life 19 Dec 1459; attainted 4 Nov 1461 ; fled to
Flanders 1463-Feb 1470/1; held in custody 26 May 1471-20 May 1475. London
residence at Coldharbour; lands in many counties.
entertainers 1453-4 (34)
Exeter (earl)
William Cecil (Jan 1565/6-6.u11640), styled Lord Burghley until he succ as 2nd earl
of Exeter and 3rd Baron Burghley 8 Feb 1622/3. MP Stamford, Linc 1586 and 1589
and Rut 1597; JP Northants 1601 and Linc by 1619; jt high steward honour of
Bolingbroke, Linc 1598; custos rot, Linc 1619; lord lieut Northants 27 Feb 1623 until
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1269
in Warwick Castle, Warw 10 Jul 1648; beheaded 9 M ar 1648/9. Seat at Kensington,
Midd; lands in various counties.
trumpeters (chancellor)
trumpeter/s
trumpeters
trumpeters (chancellor)
trumpeter/s
trumpeters
trumpeter/s
1628-9(616)
1628-9 (616)
1631-2 (629-33,635)
1631-2 (632)
1631-2 (632)
1635-6(662)
1638-9(684)
1638-9 (686)
Huntingdon
John Holand (29 Mar 1395 or 1396-5 Aug 1447), restored in blood and succ as 14th
earl of Huntingdon 1417; cr 3rd duke of Exeter 6 Jan 1443/4. Constable of the Tower,
sole 20 Aug 1420 and jt 28 Feb 1446/7; Jv Beds 1426, 1435, 1437, 1439-40, and 1443,
Essex 1427, 1429, 1431-5, 1437-8, 1441-3, and 1446, Herts 1427, 1429, 1431, 1433,
1435, 1437, 1439, 1443, and 1445, and Hunts 1428-9, 1432, 1437, 1441-3, and 1446;
deputy marshal of England 15 Nov 1432-12 Sept 1436; lord high adm during pleasure,
sole2 Oct 1435 and jt 14 Feb 1445/6; c Nov 1426-May 1445. London residence at
Coldharbour; lands in several counties, including Beds, Herts, and Hunts.
minstrel/s 1427-8 (25)
King
Richard Plantagenet (6 Jan 1367-14 Feb 1400), son of Edward, prince of Wales, and
Joan of Woodstock, daughter of Edmund, earl of Kent; cr prince of Wales 20 Nov
1376; acc as Richard n 21 Jun 1377; crowned 16 Jul 1377; abdicated 29 Sept 1399.
apeward 1382-3 (11)
entertainer 1394-5 (15)
Henry of Windsor (6 Dec 1421-21 May 1471), son of Henry v and Catherine of
Valois, acc as Henry v 1 Sept 1422; proclaimed king of France 21 Oct 1422 (John,
1st duke of Bedford, qv, appointed protector 5 Dec 1422); crowned king of England
6 Nov 1429 and of France 16 Dec 1431 ; deposed 4 Mar 1461 ; restored 3 Oct 1470;
crowned again 13 Oct 1470; deposed finally 11 Apr 1471.
minstrel/s
minstrels
minstrel/s
minstrels
minstrel/s
entertainers
performers
1433-4 (27)
1434-5 (27)
1435-6 (27)
1442-3 (29)
1442-3 (29)
1448-9(31)
1436-7(28)
1456-7(37)
1458-9 (39)
1270 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Probably
performer (duke of Lancaster)
1466-7(45)
Edward of York (28 Apr 1442-9 Apr 1483), son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd duke
of York, qv, and Cecily Neville, acc as Edward IV 4 Mar 1461 ; crowned 28Jun 1461 ;
fled England 3 Oct 1470-14 Mar 1471; restored 11 Apr 1471.
performers 1466-7 (46)
1467-8(46)
1468-9(49)
performer/s 1469-70 (50)
performers 1469-70 (50)
1471-2 (52)
1472-3 (54)
1473-4 (55)
1475-6 (57)
entertainers 1467-8 (46)
Richard Plantagenet (2 Oct 1452-22 Aug 1485), son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd duke
of York, qv, and Cecily Neville; cr 3rd duke of Gloucester 1 Nov 1461; protector
of the realm 9 Apr 1483; acc as Richard nl 26 Jun 1483; crowned 6 Jul 1483.
performers (lord protector) 1482-3 (62)
minstrel/s 1483-4 (63)
1484-5 (65)
entertainer/s 1485-6 (65)
Henry Tudor 'of Richmond' (28 Jan 1457-21 Apr 1509), son of Edmund Tudor, earl
of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, qv (under Richmond and Derby (countess)),
acc as Henry vii 22 Aug 1485; crowned 30 Oct 1485.
entertainers
entertainer/s
entertainers
entertainer/s
entertainers
entertainer
trumpeters
performers
1488-9(67)
1489-90 (68)
1489-90 (68)
1490-1 (69)
1490-1 (69)
1493-4 (70)
1498-9 (74)
1499-1500 (75)
1500-1 (76)
1500-1 (76)
1506-7(81)
Henry Tudor (28 Jun 1491-28 Jan 1547), son of Henry vii, qv, and Elizabeth of York,
qv; cr prince of Wales 18 Feb 1503; acc as Henry viii 22 Apt 1509; crowned 24 Jun
1509.
entertainers (prince) 1503-4 (79)
PATRONS AND COMPANIES
1271
entertainers 1513-14 (86)
1536-7 (112)
interluders (prince) 1503-4 (78)
1503-4 (78)
performers (prince) 1508-9 (82)
performers 1510-11 (84)
1535-6(110)
minstrels 1515-16 (87)
1521-2 (92)
minstrels/waits 1525-6 (98)
minstrels 1530-1 (103)
1531-2(104)
1532-3 (106)
trumpeters 1517-18 (89)
waits 1517-18 (89)
1535-6(111)
1538-9 (116)
players 1527-8 (99)
1529-30(101)
1534-5 (108)
1536-7(112)
1537-8 (114)
1540-1 (124)
conjurer 1532-3 (105)
juggler 1532-3 (106)
1534-5 (109)
1535-6(111)
jester 1542-3 (129)
Edward Tudor (12 Oct 1537-6 Ju11553), son of Henry vm, qv, and Jane Seymour;
acc as Edward v121 Jan 1547; crowned 20 Feb 1547. Edward Seymour, 5th duke of
Somerset, qv, appointed protector.
players (prince) 1537-8 (115)
1538-9(116)
1539-40 (119)
1543-4 (130)
players 1547-8 (149, 154)
1549-50 (166)
jester 1548-9 (163)
1552-3 (184)
James Stuart (19 Jun 1566-27 Mar 1625), son of Henry, Lord Darnley and Mary
Smart, queen of Scots, acc as James v of Scotland 24 Jul 1567 and as James of England
24 Mar 1603; crowned 25 Jul 1603.
1272 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
trumpeters
trumpeter
trumpeters
trumpeter/s
pipers
musicians
1603-4 (392-3)
1603-4 (393)
1604-5 (398)
1605-6 (400, 403)
1606-7 (405)
1608-9(416-17)
1609-10 (418-20)
1611-12 (490)
1613-14(517-21)
1614-15 (521-5, 528,
531,533)
1615-16 (546-7, 549)
1616-17(556)
1617-18 (557, 559)
1619-20 (567, 569-70)
1620-1 (574-6)
1621-2 (579-80)
1622-3 (582, 584-5)
1623-4 (591-2)
1624-5 (594-6)
1624-5 (594)
1603-4 (394)
1616-17(556)
Charles Stuart (19 Nov 1600-30 Jan 1649), 2nd son of James I, qv, and Anne of
Denmark, qv; cr prince of Wales 4 Nov 1616; acc as Charles 127 Mar 1625; crowned
2 Feb 1625; beheaded 30 Jan 1649.
trum peters (prince) 1617-18 (558)
trumpeters
trumpeter/s
trumpeters
trumpeter
trumpeters
trumpeter/s
musicians
1619-20 (567)
1620-1 (577)
1621-2 (578-9, 581)
1623-4 (590-1,593-4)
1625-6 (600)
1627-8 (605-7)
1631-2 (629-33,635)
1631-2 (632)
1632-3 (648-9, 651)
1633-4 (652,654, 656)
1633-4 (653)
1635-6 (661-2)
1636-7 (670-1)
1637-8 (674-6, 679)
1638-9 (683-4, 686)
1638-9 (684)
1627-8 (605)
1274 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
players
Probably
players (Lord Robert)
1564-5 (246)
1571-2 (264)
1579-80 (291)
1560-1 (212)
1561-2 (216)
Lennox
Ludovic Stuart (29 Sept 1574-16 Feb 1623/4), succ as 2nd duke and 18th earl of
Lennox 26 May 1583 and cr i 5th earl of Richmond and Baron of Settrington 6 Oct
i 6 i 3 and 2nd duke of Richmond and 1 st earl of Newcastle upon Tyne i 7 May i 623.
Hereditary great chamberlain Scotland 26 May 1583; pres privy council Scotland 1586;
chamberlain of the household Scotland 1590; lord high adm Scotland 4 Aug 1591 until
death; pc 4 May i 603; naturalized i 8 Jul i 603; deputy earl marshal i 6 i 4; lord steward
of the household 1615-24. Seat at Richmond Castle, Yorks, NR.
trumpeters 1617-18 (558)
trumpeters (earl of Lennox) 1620-1 (575)
trumpeters 1621-2 (579, 581)
1622-3 (583)
Probably
trumpeter 1613-14 (518)
trumpeter 1614-15 (525)
James Stuart (6 Apt 1612-30 Mar 1655), grandson of Ludovic, qv, styled Lord
Darnley, succ as 4th duke and 20th earl of Lennox and 10th earl of March 30Ju11624
and de jure as 3rd Lord Clifton 21 Aug 1637, and cr 3rd duke of Richmond 8 Aug
i 641. Hereditary lord chamberlain Scotland and lord high adm Scotland 30Ju11624;
pc Scotland 29 May 1633 and 17 Sept 1641; pc 28 Jul 1633; lord steward of the
household 5 Dec i 64 i. Seats at Cobham Hall, Kent and Leighton Bromswold, Hunts.
trumpeters 1635-6 (662)
Lindsey
Robert Bertie (c 16 Dec i 582-23 Oct 1642), succ as 14th Lord Willoughby de Eresby
Jun i 60 i and cr i st earl of Lindsey 22 Nov i 626. Hereditary lord chamberlain i 3 Apr
i 626; PC i 0 Jul i 628; jt lord adm 20 Sept 1628 and lord high adm i 0 Apt i 635; lord
lieut Linc 23Jan 1629 until death; high steward Lincoln, Linc 1638; recorder Lincoln
i 639. Seat at Eresby, Linc; residence at Lindsey House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Midd;
lands in Linc.
musicians (Lord Willoughby) 1612-13 (497)
trumpeter/s 1628-9 (616)
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1275
Lord Admiral
Thomas Seymour (c 1508-20 Mar 1548/9), brother of Edward, 5th duke of Somerset,
qv, cr 1st Baron Seymour 16 Feb 1546/7. Steward duchy of Lancaster for Essex and
Herts 28 May 1544 until death; PC 23-8 Jan 1547 and 2 Feb 1547-18 Jan 1549; lord
high adm 17 Feb 1546/7-18 Jan 1549; JP Essex and Herts 1547; arrested and
imprisoned in the Tower 17Jan 1548/9; attainted 5 Mar; beheaded 20 Mar 1548/9.
Seats at Sudeley Castle, Glouc and Bromham, Wilts; London residence at Seymour
Place, near Temple Bar, Midd; lands in several counties, including Essex.
players 1548-9 (163)
Charles Howard (c 1536-14 Dec 1624), succ as Baron Howard 11 or 12Jan 1572/3
and cr 10th earl of Nottingham 22 Oct 1597. Chamberlain of the household 1 Jan 1583/
4-ju11585; PC by 5 Mar 1583/4 until death; lord high adm 8 Ju11585-27Jan 1618/19;
chief justice in eyre south of Trent 15 Jun 1597 until death; lord steward of the
household 24 Oct 1597-Nov 1615. Seat at Effingham, Surr.
players 1588-9 (323)
Lord Chamberlain
Henry Carey (4 Mar 1525/6-23 Jul 1596), cr 1 st Baron Hunsdon 13 Jan 1558/9. Jp
Essex and Herts 1562, 1564, and 1584; PC 16 Nov 1577; lord chamberlain of the
household Jul 1585; chief justice in eyre south of Trent 1589 until death; lord lieut
Norf and Surf 3 J ul 1585 until death;recorder Cambridge, Camb and high steward
Ipswich, Surf 1590. Seats at Buckingham and Hunsdon, Herts; lands in various
counties, including Essex and Herts.
players 1594-5 (355)
See also Pembroke
Lord Chancellor
Thomas Audley (c 1488-30 Apr 1544), cr Baron Audley 29 Nov 1538. Town clerk,
Colchester, Essex, jt 1514-15 and sole 1515-32; P Essex 1520, 1523, 1525-6, 1528,
1530, 1532, 1536, 1538, and 1540-2, Beds 1532, 1536, and 1542, Camb 1532, 1536,
1538-9, and 1542, Herts 1532 and 1537-40, Hunts 1532, 1536, and 1538, Leic 1532
and 1538-9, Linc 1532, 1536, 1538-40, and 1542, Norf 1532, 1538, 1540, and 1542,
Northants 1532, 1536, and 1538-40, Rut 1532, 1536, and 1542, Surf 1532, 1537-9,
and 1543, St Albans, Herts 1538-40, Cambridge, Camb and Peterborough, Northants
1540; MP Colchester 1523 and Essex 1529; keeper of the great seal 20 May 1532; lord
chancellor 26 Jan 1533 until death; steward duchy of Lancaster for Essex and Herts
Jul 1540 until death; constable Hertford Castle, Herts 1540 until death. Seats at
Berechurch, Earls Colne, and Saffron Walden, all in Essex; lands in Essex, Herts, and
Surf; house at Christchurch, Aldgate, London.
players 1538-9 (116)
1276 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Lord Lionel see Clarence
Lord Privy Seal
John Russell (c 1485-14 Mar 1554/5), cr Baron Russell 9 Mar 1538/9 and 3rd earl of
Bedford 19Jan 1549/50. PBeds 1536, 1542-3, and 1547, Hunts 1536, 1538-9, 1544,
and 1547, Northants 1536, 1538-40, 1543, and 1547, Herts 1538, 1539, 1540, 1543,
and 1547, Camb and Essex 1542, 1544, and 1547, Norf and Rut 1542-3 and 1547,
Linc 1542-4 and 1547, Surf 1543-4 and 1547, Leic 1544 and 1547; Pc 1536 until death;
comptroller of the household 18 Oct 1537-9; lord high adm 28 Jul 1540-17Jan 1543;
lord keeper of the privy seal 3 Dec 1542 until death; constable and keeper castle and
park of Rockingham, Northants 3 Jun 1544; steward manor of Stamford, Linc 3 Jun
1544-7 and 1548 until death. Seats at Chenies, Bucks and Berwick, Dots; residence
at Russell House, the Strand, Midd; lands in several counties, including Camb, Hefts,
Linc, Northants, and Surf.
players 1543-4 (130)
Lord Protector see Richard Plantagenet (1452-85) (under King) and Somerset
Lord Treasurer
William Paulet (by c 1483-10 Mar 1571/2), cr 1st Baron St John 9 Mar 1538/9, 13th
earl of Wiltshire 19 Jan 1549/50, and 1 st marquess of Winchester 11 Oct 1551. Comm
of musters Ampthill, Beds 1536; v Beds, Camb, Essex, Herts, Hunts, Leic, Linc,
Norf, Northants, Rut, and Surf 1547, 1562, and 1564 and Isle of Ely, Camb 1564;
comptroller of the household May 1532-Oct 1537; treasurer of the household 18 Oct
1537-Mar 1538/9; PC 19 Nov 1542 until death; lord pres of the Council by Nov 1545-
Feb 1550; lord chamberlain c 16 May 1543-Oct 1545; lord steward of the household,
c 24 Nov 1545-Feb 1549/50; chief iustice in eyre south of Trent 17 Dec 1545-Feb
1549/50; lord treasurer of the exchequer 3 Feb 1549/50 until death; lord keeper of
the great seal 6 Mar 1547-21 Dec 1558; master of the household 19 Jan 1550. Seats
at Basing and Netley, Hants and Chelsea, Midd; London residence at Austin Friars;
lands in several counties, including Herts and Leic.
players ! 551-2 (176)
See also Suffolk (earl)
Lords of Council
Unidentified members of the privy council, which had a large and fluctuating
membership.
trumpeters 162!-2 (577)
! 623-4 (589-90)
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1277
Lumley
John Lumley (c 1533-11 Apr 1609), restored in blood 1547 and summ to parl as 6th
Baron Lumley 5 Oct 1553. Arrested and imprisoned in the Tower Sept 1569-Apr
1573. Seat at Nonsuch until 1590 and at Lumley Castle, Dur; London residence in
St Olave's, Tower Hill; lands in several counties.
players 1571-2 (264)
March
Edmund de Mortimer (6 Nov 1391-18 Jan 1424/5), succ as 5th earl of March, 8th
earl of Ulster, and Lord Mortimer 20 Jul 1398. Jp Essex 1413-14, 1416, and 1423-4
and Surf 1414 and 1417; councillor of regency 9 Dec 1422. Seats at Wigmore, Heref
and Clare, Surf; lands in many counties, including Essex, Linc, Norf, and Surf.
entertainers 1423-4 (23)
Marquys
Probably
Leonard Grey (c 1490-28 Jun 1541), brother of Henry Grey, 6th marquess of Dorset;
styled Lord Leonard Grey and cr 1st Viscount Grane 2 Jan 1535/6. Jp Leic 1515, 1524,
1526, and 1531-2; imprisoned in the Tower c 1 Jun 1540; beheaded 28 Jun 1541. Seat
at Graney, co Kildare, Ireland; residence at St Mary's Abbey, Dublin.
minstrels 1535-6 (111)
Marshal
John de Mowbray (1392-19 Oct 1432), succ as 12th earl of Norfolk, 4th earl of
Nottingham, and 8th Lord Mowbray and Segrave 8 Jun 1405 and restored as 2nd duke
of Norfolk 30 Apr 1425. Summ to parl as earl marshal 22 Mar 1412/13; pc and
councillor of regency Dec 1422; Jp Norf 1414-16, 1424, and 1428-31, Surf 1414, 1417,
1422-4, and 1431-2, Beds 1426, and Essex 1429 and 1431-2. Seat at Epworth in the
Isle of Axholme, Linc; lands in several counties, including Leic and Northants.
entertainer/s 1423-4 (23)
Neville
Ralph de Neville (c 1291-5 Aug 1367), s ucc as 2nd Lord Neville of Raby after 18 Apr
1331. Lord steward of the household by 1331 ; p Linc 1332; keeper of the realm Jul
1338 and Jun 1340. Seat at Raby, Dur; lands in various counties.
entertainers 1361-2 (6)
Norfolk
John de Mowbray (12 Sept 1415-6 Nov 1461), son of John de Mowbray, 2nd duke
of Norfolk, qv (under Marshal), succ as 3rd duke and 13th earl of Norfolk, 5th earl
of Nottingham, and 9th Lord Mowbray and Segrave 19 Oct 1432. Hereditary earl
marshal 19 Oct 1432; p Norf 1436-8, 1441, 1444-5, 1447-8, 1450, 1452-8, and
1278 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
1460-1, Surf 1436, 1438-40, 1442-5, 1448-50, 1452, 1454-5, and 1457-61, and
Northants 1461 ; by Apr 1437; comm oyer and terminer Norwich, Norf 1451 ;chief
justice in eyre south of Trent 11 Ju11461. Principal seat at Framlingham Castle, Surf;
lands in Surf.
performers 1448-9 (31)
Thomas Howard (1473-25 Aug 1554), styled Lord Howard 1483-1514, cr 14th earl
of Surrey I Feb 1513/14 and succ as 8th duke of Norfolk 21 May 1524. Earl marshal
28 May 1553;JPNorf 1504, 1510-12, 1514-15, 1524, 1526, 1531-2, 1538, 1540, 1542-
3, and 1554, Surf 1504, 1506-7, 1509-15, 1524, 1526, 1529, 1531-2, 1537-9, 1543-4,
and 1554, Linc 1515, 1522, 1524, 1526, 1528, 1531-2, 1536-40, 1542-3, and 1545,
Hunts 1524-5, 1528, 1531-2, 1536, 1538, and 1544, Leic 1524, 1526, 1531-2, 1538-9,
and 1544, Northants 1524, 1526, 1528, 1531-2, 1536, 1538-40, and 1543, Rut 1524,
1526, 1531-2, 1536, and 1542-3, Beds 1525, 1529-30, 1532, 1536, and 1542-3, Camb
1525, 1530, 1532, 1536, 1538-40, 1542, and 1544, Essex 1525-6, 1528, 1530, 1532,
1536, 1538, 1540-2, and 1544, Herts 1525-6, 1528, 1531-2, 1537-40, and 1543, and
Cambridge, Camb 1540; lord high adm 4 May 1513-Jul 1525; pc by May 1516 and
10 Aug 1553; treasurer of the exchequer 4 Dec 1522-Feb 1546/7; high steward
Cambridge Jun 1529; imprisoned in the Tower 12 Dec 1546; attainted 2 7Jan 1546/7;
released and restored in blood and honours 3 Aug 1553. Seat at Kenninghall, Norf;
lands in several counties, including Leic, Linc, Norf, and Surf.
players 1542-3 (129)
Thomas Howard (10 Mar 1537/8-2 Jun 1572), grandson of Thomas, qv, styled earl
of Surrey, restored in blood and honours 2 Sept 1553 and succ as 9th duke of Norfolk
and 15th earl of Surrey 25 Aug 1554. Hereditary earl marshal 25 Aug 1554; lord lieut
Norf and Surf 1558-26 Oct 1559; high steward Cambridge, Camb by 1559; JP Norf
and Suff 1562 and 1564; Nov 1562; imprisoned in the Tower 8 Oct 1569-3 Aug
1570; attainted 16 Jan 1571/2; beheaded 2 Jun 1572. Seat at Kenninghall, Norf;
residence at the Charterhouse, Midd.
players 1556-7 (200)
North
Roger North (27 Feb 1530/1-3 Dec 1600), succ as 2nd Lord North 31 Dec 1564. uP
Camb, 1555, 1559, and 1563; P Camb 1558/9, 1562, and 1564 until death, and Surf
and Isle of Ely 1579 until death; comm of musters Camb 1565, May 1569, 1573-4,
1580, 1584, and 1597; alderman and burgess Cambridge, Camb 1568; custos rot Camb
1573/4; lord lieut Camb and Isle of Ely 20 Nov 1569 and 8 Apr 1588 until death;
steward duchy of Lancaster for Camb, Norf, and Suff 1572; high steward Cambridge
1572; pc 30 Aug 1596; treasurer of the household 30 Aug 1596 until death. Seats at
Kirtling, Camb and Mildenhall, Suff; residence at the Charterhouse, Midd; lands in
Camb and Surf.
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1279
Possibly
players 1591-2 (338)
Northampton
William Parr (1513-28 Oct 1571 ), cr Baron Parr 9 Mar 1538/9, 17th earl of Essex 23
Dec 1543, and 1st marquess of Northampton 16 Feb 1546/7; attainted 18 Aug 1553;
restored in blood 5 May 1554; restored to marquessate 13Jan 1558/9. Steward honour
of Rayleigh, Essex 25 Sept 1541, manor of Writtle and honour of Beaulieu, Essex 25
May 1543, and honour of Grafton and various manors, Northants for life 11 Jun 1559;
vc Mar 1543/4-Nov 1553 and 25 Dec 1558; JP Essex 1547, Northants 1562 and 1564,
and Isle of Ely 1564; lord lieut Beds, Camb, Hunts, Norf, and Northants Jul 1549;
10rd chamberlain for life 4 Feb 1549/50; imprisoned in the Tower 26 Jul 1553; released
31 Dec 1553. Seats at Parr, Prescot, Lanc, Greens Norton, Northants, and Kendal,
Westmld; lands in several counties, including Essex, Leic, Linc, Norf, Northants, and
Rut.
players 1550-1 (173)
Northumberland
Henry de Percy (3 Feb 1392/3-22 May 1455), succ as 5th Lord Percy 19 Feb 1407/8
and cr 5th earl of Northumberland 16 Mar 1415/16. Councillor of regency 16 Nov
1422. Seats at Alnwick and Warkworth, Northumb.
entertainers 1424-5 (24)
Henry Algernon Percy (14 Jan 1477/8-19 May 1527), succ as 9th earl of
Northumberland, 8th Lord Percy, and Lord Poynings 28 Apr 1489. Imprisoned in
the Fleet 1516. Seats at Alnwick, Northumb and Wressell, Yorks, ER; residence in
Aldgate, London.
entertainers 1499-1500 (75)
1500- I (77)
Henry Percy (c 1502-30 Jun 1537), son of Henry Algernon Percy, 9th earl of
Northumberland, qv, succ as 10th earl of Northumberland, 9th Lord Percy, and Lord
P0ynings 19 May 1527. c 26 May 1532. Seats at Alnwick, Northumb and Wressell,
Yorks, ER.
trumpeters 1530-1 (103)
Algernon Percy (29 Sept 1602-13 Oct 1668), summ to parl as 4th B aron Percy 28 Mar
1626 and succ as 14th earl of Northumberland 5 Nov 1532. c Mar 1636 and 31 May
1660; lord high adm 19 Mar 1637-42. Seats at Petworth, Suss and Wressell, Yorks,
El; residences at Syon House near Brentford, Midd and at Northumberland House,
the Strand, Midd.
trumpeters 1637-8 (675)
1280 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Oxford
John de Vere (8 Sept 1442-10 Mar i 512/13), succ as 13th earl of Oxford 26 Feb 1461/2.
JPCamb 1461, 1466, 1468, 1470, 1485-6, 1493, 1495-6, 1498, 1500, 1502, 1505, and
1511-12, Essex 1461, 1464-5, 1467-8, 1470, 1485, 1488, 1490, 1495-6, 1498-1502,
1504, 1506, and 1508-13, Norf 1461-2, 1465-6, 1470, 1485-7, 1490, 1494, 1496-9,
1501-4, and 1510-12, Surf 1461, 1465-8, 1470, 1485-6, 1488-90, 1492, 1494, 1496-
7, 1499-1501, 1503-4, 1506-7, and 1509-12, Hunts 1470-1, 1487, 1490, 1493, 1496,
1498-9, 1502, 1504, 1506, and 1508-10, and Herts 1485-90, 1493, 1497, 1500-1,
1503, 1506, 1509-12; imprisoned in the Tower Nov 1468; pardoned 5 Apr 1469;
attainted 1475; attainder reversed 1485; lord high adm 21 Sept 1485; constable Castle
Rising, Norf 22 Sept i 485 and Clare Castle, Surf 4 Dec i 493; pc and hereditary lord
chamberlain after i 485; steward manors of Bardfield and Thaxted, Essex and Clare
and Sudbury, Surf 28 Nov 1486; comm of array Essex 1513. Seat at Hedingham Castle,
Essex; lands in several counties, including Beds, Essex, Hants, Hefts, Leic, Linc,
Norf, and Surf.
entertainers 1488-9 (67)
entertainer/s 1488-9 (68)
1493-4 (71)
entertainers 1498-9 (74)
1499-1500 (75)
1503-4 (79)
John de Vere (c 1516-3 Aug 1562), styled Lord Bolebec 1526 until he succ as 16th
earl of Oxford 21 Mar i 539/40. JP Essex i 54 i-2, 1544, i 547, i 554, and i 562; comm
of array Essex 1545; lord lieut Essex, jt 25 Sept i 550-3 and sole 17 Jan 1557-29 Oct
i 558 and i May i 559; PC 3 Sept i 553. Seat at Hedingham Castle, Essex; manor at Earls
Colne, Essex; lands in several counties, including Essex and Surf.
players 1560-1 (212)
1561-2 (216)
Possibly
players 1562-3 (222)
Edward de Vere (i 2 Apt i 550-24 Jun 1604), son of John, 16th earl of Oxford, qv,
styled Lord Bolebec until he succ as 17th earl of Oxford 3 Aug 1562. Lord great
chamberlain 3 Aug 1562; chief comm of musters Essex 1579. Seats at Hedingham
Castle, Essex and Hackney, Midd; lands in Essex.
players 1579-80 (290-1)
Possibly 1562-3 (222)
players
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1281
Palsgrave
Frederick of Wittelsbach (26 Aug 1596-29 Nov 1632), son of Palsgrave Frederick IV
and LouisaJuliana of Orange-Nassau; succ as Palsgrave Frederick v of the Rhine 19
Sept 1610; married Elizabeth Stuart, qv (under Queen of Bohemia), 14 Feb 1613;
crowned king of Bohemia 4 Nov 1619; deposed 8 Nov 1619.
players 1615-16 (552-3)
Pembroke
William Herbert (8 Apr 1580-10 Apr 1630), styled Lord Herbert 1580 until he succ
as 22nd earl of Pembroke 19 Jan 1600/1. Imprisoned in the Fleet Mar-May 1601 ;
29 Sept 1611 ; lord chamberlain of the household 23 Dec 1615-26; jt earl marshal 25
Sept 1616; high steward Norwich Cathedral, Norf 4 Oct 1625; Scotland 29 Jun
1617; lord steward of the household by 3 Aug 1626-30; jt lord adm 20 Sept 1628;
chief justice in eyre south of Trent for life 8 Sept 1629. Seat at Wilton, Wilts; London
residence at Baynard's Castle; lands in several counties.
trumpeters 1622-3 (584)
trumpeters (lord chamberlain) 1623-4 (593)
Prince
Edward Plantagenet (1473-c 9 Apr 1484), son of Richard Il, qv (under King), and
Anne Neville, qv (under Queen), cr 13th earl of Salisbury 15 Feb 1477/8, 7th duke
of Cornwall 26 Jun 1483, prince of Wales and 19th earl of Chester 24 Aug 1483. Seat
at Middleham Castle, Yorks, NR.
minstrel/s 1483-4 (63)
Arthur Tudor (20 Sept 1486-2 Apr 1502), I st son of Hen ry v, qv (under King), succ
as 8th duke of Cornwall at birth and cr prince of Wales and 20th earl of Chester 29
Nov 1489. Keeper of the realm and king's lieut 2 Oct 1492. Seat at Ludlow Castle,
Shrops; lands in several counties.
entertainers 1493-4 (71)
1498-9 (74)
1499-1500 (75)
performers 1498-9 (73)
1500-1 (76)
pipers 1499-1500 (75)
Henry Frederick Stuart (19 Feb 1593/4-6 Nov 1612), 1st son of James , qv (under
King), succ as 11 th duke of Rothesay, Scotland, at birth and 13th duke of Cornwall
24 Mar 1602/3 and cr prince of Wales and 22nd earl of Chester 4Jun 1610. Seats at
St James, Midd and Nonsuch and Richmond, Surr; lands in several counties, including
Herts.
trumpeters 1610-11 (422)
1282 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Charles Stuart (29 May 1630-6 Feb 1685), son of Charles I, qv (under King), and
Henrietta Maria, succ as 16th duke of Cornwall at birth; declared prince of Wales 12
May 1638 and 24th earl of Chester by 4 Apr 1646; exiled 2 Mar 1645/6-26 May 1660;
became king de jure 30Jan 1648/9; proclaimed king 5 May 1660; acc as Charles u 29
May 1660; crowned 23 Apr 1661.
trumpeters 1640-1 (694-7)
Prince Elector
Charles Lewis of Wittelsbach (22 Dec 1617-28 Aug 1680), son of Frederick v, qv
(under Palsgrave), and Elizabeth Stuart, qv (under Queen of Bohemia); exiled in
England by 28 Nov 1635-Mar 1649; restored as elector palatine 1648. Residence at
Somerset House, the Strand, Midd.
trumpeters 1635-6 (663)
See also King
Queen
Margaret of Anjou (23 Mar 1430-25 Aug 1482), daughter of Ren, duke of Anjou
and count of Provence and Isabella of Lorraine; married Henry Vl, qv (under King),
in France by proxy 24 May 1444 and in England 23 Apr 1445; crowned 30 May 1445.
entertainers 1444-5 (30)
Anne Neville ( 11 J un 1456-16 Mar 1485), daughter of Richard, 16th earl of Warwick,
qv, and Anne de Beauchamp; married Richard, duke of Gloucester, qv (under King)
12 Jul 1472; crowned 6 Jul 1483.
minstrel/s 1483-4 (63)
Elizabeth of York (11 Feb 1466-11 Feb 1503), daughter of Edward IV, qv (under
King), and Elizabeth Wydevill; married Henry vii, qv (under King) 18 Jan 1486;
crowned 25 Nov 1487.
entertainer/s 1490-1 (69)
entertainers 1498-9 (74)
1500-I (77)
Anne Boleyn (1507-19 May 1536), daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 12th earl of Wiltshire
and Elizabeth Howard;married Henry viii, qv (under King) 25 Jan 1533; crowned
1 Jun 1533; beheaded 19 May 1536.
min strels 1532-3 (106)
Catherine Parr (c 1512-5 Sept 1548), daughter of Thomas Parr and Maud Green,
married 1/Edward Borough (d bef Apr 1533), 2/John Neville, 3rd Lord Latimer
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1283
(d 2 Mar 1542/3) 1533, 3/Henry vm, qv (under King) 12 Jul 1543, and 4/Thomas
Seymour, Baron Seymour of Sudeley, Glouc 1547.
performers 1544-5 (131 )
Mary Tudor (18 Feb 1516-17 Nov 1558), daughter of Henry viii, qv (under King),
and Catherine of Aragon; acc as Mary I of England 19 Jul 1553; crowned 1 Oct 1553;
married 25 Jul 1554, Philip, king of Naples and Jerusalem, and king of Spain from
16 Jan 1556.
trumpeters 1552-3 (184)
players 1558-9 (206)
Elizabeth Tudor (7 Sept 1533-24 Mar 1603), daughter of Henry viii, qv (under King),
and Anne Boleyn, qv (under Queen); acc as Elizabeth I 17 Nov 1558; crowned 15
Jan 1559.
players 1561-2 (216)
1562-3 (222)
1563-4 (226)
1565-6 (249)
1568-9(257)
1569-70 (259)
1572-3 (266)
1583-4 (311)
1584-5 (313)
1586-7(319)
1590-1 (332)
player 1591-2 (337)
players 1591-2 (338, 340-3)
1596-7(369)
trumpeters 1563-4 (226)
1577-8(281)
1578-9(281)
1596-7(368)
1601-2 (383-5)
Anne of Denmark (12 Dec 1574-2 Mar 1619), daughter of Frederick n of Denmark
and Norway and Sophia of Mecklenburg; married James l, qv (under King) 20 Aug
1589; crowned queen of England 25Ju11603. Her acting company continued in her
name for several years after her death.
trumpeters
players
1605-6 (402)
1605-6 (403)
Queen of Bohemia
Elizabeth Stuart (mid-Aug 1596-13 Feb 1662), daughter of J ames I, qv (under King),
1286 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
trumpeters 1632-3 (649)
Shrewsbury
John Talbot (c 1413-10 Jul 1460), succ as 5th earl of Shrewsbury, 7th Lord Furnivalle,
Lord Talbot, Lord Strange, and earl of Waterford, Ireland 17Ju11453.3P Leic 1442
and Herts 1443, 1454-5, and 1457; pc bef 21 Nov 1453; lord treasurer 5 Oct 1456-Oct
1458. Seat at Sheffield Castle, Yorks, WR.
performers ! 456-7 (37)
Shropshire see Shrewsbury
Somerset
Edward Seymour (c 1500-22 Jan 1551/2), brother of Thomas, 1st Baron Seymour,
qv (under Lord Admiral), cr I st Viscount Beauchamp 5 Jun 1536, 8th earl of Hertford
18 Oct 1537, Baron Seymour 15 Feb 1546/7, and 5th duke of Somerset 16 Feb 1546/7.
JP Beds, Camb, Essex, Hefts, Hunts, Leic, Linc, Norf, Northants, Rut, and Surf
1547; pc 1537 and 10 Apr 1550; lord high adm 28 Dec 1542-Jan 1542/3; lord great
chamberlain 16 Feb 1542/3-17 Feb 1546/7; councillor of regency and lieut of the realm
9 Jul 1544; protector of the realm 12 Mar 1546/7; lord treasurer of the exchequer 10
Feb 1546/7; earl marshal 17 Feb 1547; high steward Cambridge, Camb 1547;
chancellor Cambridge Univ 14 Nov 1547 until death; deprived of all offices and
imprisoned in the Tower 14 Oct 1549-6 Feb 1549/50; pardoned 16 Feb 1549/50;
imprisoned in the Tower again 16 Oct 1551 ; beheaded 22 Jan 1551/2. Seats at Hatch,
Somers and Wolf Hall, Wilts; residence at Somerset House, the Strand, Midd; lands
in several counties, including Essex, Hefts, Linc, Norf, and Surf.
player (lord protector) ! 547-8 (149)
players (lord protector) 1547-8 (154)
players 1550-1 (172)
Southampton
Thomas Wriothesley (10 Mar 1607/8-16 May 1667), succ as 5th earl of Southampton
and Baron Wriothesley 10 Nov 1624 and 2nd earl of Chichester 21 Dec 1653. Lord
lieut Norf 1660-1 ; PC 3 Jan 1641/2 and 27 May 1660; high steward Cambridge Univ
1642 until death; councillor to the prince of Wales, qv 1644/5; lord treasurer 8 Sept
1660 until death; jt earl marshal during pleasure 26 May ? 1662. Seats at Little Shelford,
Camb and Titchfield, Hants; residences at Southampton House, Holborn, Midd and
from c 1652-62, in Bloomsbury, Midd.
trumpeters ! 625-6 (600)
Strafford
Thomas Wentworth (13 Apr 1593-12 May 1641), cr Baron Wentworth and baron of
Newmarcb and Oversley 22 Jul 1628, Viscount Wentworth 13 Dec 1628, and 1st earl
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1287
of Stratford and baron of Raby 12 Jan 1639/40. Imprisoned 4 Jul-Dec 1627; pc 10
Nov 1629; imprisoned 11 Nov 1640; attainted 8 May and beheaded 12 May 1641. Seat
at Wentworth, Woodhouse, Yorks, WR.
trumpeters 1640-1 (695)
Strange
Ferdinando Stanley (c 1559-16 Apt 1594), son of Henry, 13th earl of Derby, qv,
styled Lord Strange from 1572; summ to parl as Lord Strange 28 Jan 1588/9; succ as
14th earl of Derby and lord of the Isle of Man 25 Sept 1593. Seats at Lathom and
Knowsley, Lanc and Knockin, Shrops.
players 1591-2 (338)
See also Henry Stanley under Derby
Suffolk
John de la Pole (27 Sept 1442-bet 29 Oct 1491 and 27 Oct 1492), succ as 2nd duke,
2nd marquess, and 9th earl of Suffolk 2 May 1450. JP Norf 1460, 1463-6, 1469-76,
1478-83, 1485-7, and 1490 and Suff 1460, 1464-8, 1470-1, 1473, 1475-6, 1478-86,
1488-90, and 1492; comm of array Norf and Surf 1469-72 and 1487. Seat at Wingfield,
Suff.
performers 1465-6 (43)
1466-7(45-6)
1468-9(48)
Charles Brandon (c 1484-22 Aug 1545), cr 5th Viscount Lisle 15 May ! 513 and 4th
duke of Suffolk 1 Feb 1513/14; surrendered viscounty 20 Apr 1523. jP Norf 1512,
1514-15, 1524, 1526, 1531, 1538, 1540, and 1542-3, Suff 1512, 1514-15, 1520, 1524,
1526, 1529, 1531, 1537-9, and 1543-4, Beds 1529-30, 1532, 1536, and 1542-3, Camb
1530, 1536, 1538-9, 1542, and 1544, Essex 1530, 1532, 1536, 1538, 1540-2, and 1544,
Herts 1531, 1537-40, and 1543, Hunts 1531-2, 1536, 1538, and 1544, Leic 1531,
1538-9, and 1544, Linc 1531-2, 1536-40, and 1542-4, Northants 1531-2, 1536,
1538-40, and 1543, and Rut 1531, 1536, and 1542-3; pc bef 15 May 1513 until death;
earl marshal 21 May 1524-20 May 1533; pres privy council Feb 1529/30 until death;
chief justice in eyre south of Trent 27 Nov 1534 until death; lord steward of the
household bef 13 Apr 1540 until death. Seat at Tattershall Castle, Linc; lands in Essex,
Linc, Norf, Northants, Rut, and Surf.
players 1537-8 (115)
players (lord of Suffolk) 1538-9 (116)
Suffolk (duchess)
Katherine Willoughby (22 Mar 1518/19-19 Sept 1580), suo jure 12th Baroness
1288 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
Willoughby de Eresby; married 1/Charles Brandon, 4th duke of Suffolk (d 22 Aug
1545), qv, c 7 Sept 1533, and 2/Richard Bertie, probably early 1553; fled England 5
Feb 1554/5; returned summer 1559. Residence at Westhorpe, Surf, from c 1528; seats
at Eresby, Grimsthorpe, and Tattershall Castle, Linc, from c 1536; all lands seized
by the crown 1557; returned Aug 1559.
players 1561-2 (216)
Suffolk (earl)
Thomas Howard (24 Aug 1561-28 May 1626), son of Thomas, 9th duke of Norfolk,
qv, restored in blood 19 Dec 1584; styled Lord Thomas Howard until summ to pad
as Lord Howard 5 Dec 1597; cr llth earl of Suffolk 21 Jul 1603. High steward
Cambridge Univ, Feb 1601-14; lord lieut Camb 17Ju11602, Surf 18Ju11605; ec25
Apr 1603; lord chamberlain of the household 4 May 1603-10 Ju11614; jp Norf 1608;
high steward Ipswich, Surf 6 Jun 1609; chancellor Cambridge Univ 8 Jul 1614 until
death; treasurer of the exchequer 10 Jul 1614-20 Jul 1618; imprisoned in the Tower,
Nov-Dec 1619. Seat at Saffron Walden, Essex; mansion at Audley End, Essex;
residence at the Charterhouse, Midd.
trumpeters 1614-15 (524)
trumpeter (lord treasurer) 1614-15 (525)
trumpeters (lord treasurer) 1616-17 (554)
Sussex
Robert Radcliffe (c 1483-27 Nov 1542), restored as 7th Lord FitzWalter 3 Nov 1505
and cr 1st Viscount FitzWalter 18 Jun 1525 and 6th earl of Sussex 8 Dec 1529. Jp Essex
1511-15, 1520, 1523, 1525-6, 1528, 1532, 1536, 1538, and 1540-1, Norf 1511-12,
1514-15, 1524, 1531-2, 1538, and 1540, and Surf 1511-15, 1520, 1524, 1529, 1531-2,
and 1537-9; jt comm of array and jt capt Essex 1512/13; pc by 5 Feb 1525/6;
chamberlain of the exchequer 3 Jun 1532 until death; chief steward honour of Beaulieu,
Essex 28 May 1536 and manor of Writtle, Essex 1 Aug 1540; lord chamberlain for
life 3 Aug 1540. Seat at Attleborough, Norf; lands in several counties, including Essex.
players 1538-9 (1 I6)
Possibly
players 1542-3 (129)
Henry Radcliffe (c 1507-17 Feb 1556/7), son of Robert, 6th earl of Sussex, qv, styled
Lord FitzWalter 1529 until he succ as 7th earl of Sussex and 2nd Viscount and 8th
Lord FitzWalter 27 Nov 1542. Jp Essex 1536, 1538, 1540-1, 1547, and 1554, Norf
1538, 1543, 1547, and 1554, and Camb and Suff 1554; comm for defence of the coast
Norf 1539; lord lieut, jt Norf Apr 1551, May 1552, and May 1553 and sole Norf and
Suff 14 Jul 1556 until death; PC 17 Aug 1553; chief justice in eyre south of Trent 19
Nov 1553 until death. Seat at Attleborough, Norf.
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1289
Possibly
players 1542-3 (129)
Thomas Radcliffe (c 1525 or 1526-9 Jun 1583), son of Henry, 7th earl of Sussex, qv,
styled Lord FitzWalter 27 Nov 1542-53; succ as 8th earl of Sussex and 3rd Viscount
and 9th Lord FitzWalter 17 Feb 1556/7. MP NorfJan-Mar 1553; JP Essex and Norf
1554, 1562, and 1564 and Suff 1562 and 1564; chief justice in eyre south of Trent
3 Jul 1557 until death; 30 Dec 1570; steward New Hall, Beaulieu Jul 1572 and
Maldon at death, both in Essex; lord chamberlain of the household 13 Jul 1572 until
death;chief comm of array, sole Beds, Cambs, Hunts, Norf, and Surf and jt Essex
and Herts 1579. Seat at New Hall, granted 28 May 1574 and at Woodham Walter,
Essex; house at Bermondsey, Surr and manors in Essex.
players 1568-9 (257)
1570-1 (262)
1572-3 (266)
1574-5 (273)
Tiptoft
John Tiptoft (c 1375-27Jan 1442/3), in right of marriage styled lord of Powis after
28 Feb 1421/2 and summ to parl as 1st Lord Tiptoft 7 Jan 1425/6. Comm of array
Hunts 1402 and 1405 and Camb 1405; MP Hunts 1404 and 1406; steward manor and
lordship of Bottisham, Camb 1 Nov 1405; JP Camb 1406-7, 1410, 1412-14, 1422-5,
1429, 1431, 1435, 1437, 1439, and 1441-2, Hunts 1406-7, 1409, 1411, 1413, 1416,
1429, 1432, 1437, and 1439- 42, and Cambridge, Camb 1429-30 and 1437-8;
treasurer of the household 8 Dec 1406-Jul 1408; lord treasurer of the exchequer
14Jul 1408-11 Dec 1409; councillor of regency 22 Aug 1422 and 9 Dec 1422-24
Aug 1442; lord steward of the household bef 28 Jul 1426-1 Mar 1431/2. Lands in
several counties, including Camb and Leic.
entertainer 1423-4 (23)
entertainer/s 1424-5 (24)
minstrel/s 1427-8 (25)
Vaux
William Vaux (bef 14 Aug 1535-20 Aug 1595), succ as 3rd Lord Vaux by Oct 1556.
Comm of musters Northants by 20 Aug 1569; P Northants 1569; imprisoned in the
Fleet 18 Aug 1581; probably released bet Oct and Dec 1588. Seat at Harrowden,
Northants.
bearward 1580-1 (297-303)
Warwick
Richard Neville (22 Nov 1428-14 Apr 1471), son of Richard, 10th earl of Salisbury,
qv, in right of marriage styled Lord Bergavenny, confirmed in the earldom of Warwick
1290 PATRONS AND COMPANIES
23ju11449 and cr 16th earl of Warwick 2 Mar 1449/50; succ as 1 lth earl of Salisbury
30 or 31 Dec 1460. Chamberlain of the exchequer 6 Dec 1450; jP Leic 1454, 1456-8,
1460-I, 1464, 1467, and 1469- 70, Northants 1454 and 1458-71, Linc 1460-1 and
1463-71, Norf 1460-6 and 1469-70, Beds 1461 and 1467-71, Camb 1461-6, 1468,
and 1470, Essex 1461-5 and 1467-70, Herts 1461, 1464-5, and 1470, Hunts 1461-2,
1464-6, and 1470-1, Rut 1461, 1464, and 1470, and Suff 1461-8 and 1470; vc by
6 Dec 1453; steward honour of Leicester and Castle Donington, Leic 18 Nov 1460;
attainted 20 Nov 1459; attainder reversed Oct 1460; lord chamberlain 22 Jan 1460/1
and 7 May 1461 ; lord high adm 13 Feb-Ju11462 and 2Jan 1470/1. Seats at Middleham
and Sheriff Hutton, Yorks, NR; held castle and honour of Abergavenny,
Monmouthshire, Wales; lands in several counties.
entertainer 1466-7 (44)
performer 1466-7 (45)
perforrner/s 1469-70 (50)
John Dudley (c 1504-22 Aug 1553), restored in blood 1512, succ as 7th Baron Lisle
c 1530, cr 7th Viscount Lisle 12 Mar 1541/2, 19th earl of Warwick 16 Feb 1546/7,
and 1st duke of Northumberland 11 Oct 1551. Vice-adm Feb 1537-Jan 1543; lord
high adm 26Jan 1543-17 Feb 1547 and 28 Oct 1549-14 May 1550; vc 23 Apr 1543-Jul
1553; lord chamberlain of the household 17 Feb 1547-1 Feb 1550; lord steward of
the household 20 Feb 1550-3; lord p res of the privy council Feb 1550-Jul 1553; earl
marshal 20 Apr 1551 ; chancellor Cambridge Univ 1552-3; imprisoned in the Tower
25 Jul 1553; beheaded 22 Aug 1553. Seats at Halden, Kent, Chelsea and Syon, Midd,
and Dudley Castle, Staff; residence at Durham House, the Strand, Midd; lands in
many counties, including Hunts, Northants, and Rut.
trumpeters 1548-9 (163)
Ambrose Dudley (c 1528-21 Feb 1589/90), styled Lord Ambrose Dudley from Oct
1551 ; c r Baron Lisle 25 Dec, and 21 st earl of Warwick 26 Dec 1561 ; imprisoned and
attainted 1553, pardoned 22 Jan 1554/5, and restored in blood 7 Mar 1557/8. JP Linc
1562 and 1564; chief comm of musters Northants 1579-80; vc 5 Sept 1573; high
steward St Albans, Herts 1589 and honour of Grafton, Northants 10 May 1589. Seat
at Warwick Castle, Warw; lands in several counties, including Leic.
players (Lord Ambrose Dudley) 1560-1 (212)
players 1562-3 (223)
Robert Rich (May orJun 1587-19 Apr 1658), grandson of Robert, 2nd Baron Rich,
qv, styled Lord Rich 1618-19 and succ as 23rd earl of Warwick and Baron Rich
24 Mar 1618/19. MP Maldon, Essex 1610 and Essex 1614; lord lieut Essex, jt 8 Sept
1625-Aug 1626 and 5 Feb 1629-Mar 1641/2 and sole Essex and Norf 5 Mar 1641/2;
vice-adm Essex befJun 1632; PC 27 Apr 1641 ; lord high adm 1Ju11642, 7 Dec 1643-9
Apr 1645, and 29 May 1648-23 Feb 1648/9. Seats at Leighs Priory and Rochford Hall,
PATRONS AND COMPANIES 1293
Kingston upon Hull, Yorks, ER
performers
Lincoln, Linc
waits
Lincolnshire
waits
London
entertainers
musicians
Low Countries
drummer
Madingley, Camb
players
Norwich, Norf
performers
Nottingham, Nott
waits
musicians
pipers
1548-9 (155)
1549-50 (164)
1550-1 (167)
1552-3 (178)
1536-7(112)
1549-50(164, 166)
1560-1 (210)
1472-3 (53)
1612-13(500)
1640-1 (696)
1489-90 (68)
1562-3 (217)
1552-3 (178)
1591-2 (337)
1595-6 (359)
1605-6 (402)
1611-12 (489, 490)
1613-14 (519-20)
1615-16 (549)
1631-2 (634)
1638-9 (686)
1640- l (696)
1641-2 (699)
1588-9(323)
1598-9 (374)
1630-1 (626)
1631-2 (629)
1633-4 (654)
Glo ss aries ." Introduction
The purpose of the glossaries is to assist the reader in working through the records text. The
criteria for the selection of glossary entries are discussed below, under the headings Latin
Glossary and English Glossary. The glossaries include both words found in records printed
in the main text and words found in records printed or quoted in the introduction, appendixes,
and endnotes. Definitions are given only for those senses of a particular word which are used
in the records printed in this collection.
As a rule, only one occurrence of each word, or each form of each word, will be listed;
'etc' or 'et al' following this reference means that there are more occurrences of that word
or form. The one occurrence listed is either the sole occurrence or the first chronologically.
Where common sense dictates, as in the case of difficult words or those with multiple senses,
more occurrences may be listed for the sake of clarity. Within the references, page and line
numbers are separated by an oblique stroke. Words occurring within marginalia are indicated
by a lower-case 'm' following the page and line reference. Manuscript capitalization has been
ignored, except where proper names are glossed.
Latin Glossary
Words are included in the Latin Glossary if they are not to be found in the Oxford Latin
Dictionary (oLo), now the standard reference work for classical Latin. Words listed in the
OtO whose meaning has changed or become restricted in medieval or Renaissance usage are
also glossed. If a word is found in the oto, but appears in the records text in an obscure
spelling or an unusual or anomalous inflectional form for which the o_o provides no cross-
reference, that word has been included and its standard lexical entry form indicated, without
giving a definition. If the spelling variations or anomalous inflectional forms have been treated
as scribal errors and more correct forms given in textual notes, the forms thus noted have
not been repeated in the glossary.
Most of the Latin words used in the records are common classical words whose spelling
has changed, if at all, according to common medieval variations. The results of these common
variations are not treated here as new words, nor are forms of glossed words resulting from
such variations cross-referenced. These variations are:
GLOSSARIES 1297
English Glossary
- Scope. The English glossary is not meant to be exhaustive, but only 1/to define words
or record senses that are genuinely obsolete or likely to be mistaken by a modern reader and
2/to give the modern equivalents of spellings that would puzzle a beginner. Accordingly words
and senses given in The Concise Oxford Dictionary (6th and later eds, 1975-present) have
usually been taken as current and passed over; these include, for example, such words and
phrases as 'onset' and 'ouer against.' Archaisms still familiar to most educated readers, such
as 'doth,' 'herein,' 'nigh,' and 'spake,' are omitted. Spelling variants such as 'dutie' and 'dutye,'
'ffor,' 'lust,' 'payre,' 'seauen,' and 'vniuersitie' ('-y,' '-ye') have usually been passed over, as
have forms produced by a scribe's failure to mark a common abbreviation, when these are
reasonably transparent ('condicon,' 'behauor'), and such easily recognized combinations of
the definite article with a following noun as 'thassistence' and 'thorder.' Abbreviations are also
mostly omitted. Words such as 'broyer,"yen' (for 'brother,"then') in which a '19' identical
in form to 'y' has been rendered as 'y,' are glossed for the benefit of readers unfamiliar with
this convention.
To these general rules there are two notable exceptions. First, fuller treatment has been given
to articles of dress; to textiles and other materials used in performance (eg 'fustian,'
'ninehoales,' 'parrantes,' 'player,' 'sloppes,' and 'wayte') and to words likely to be of special
interest to the reader, for instance, the specialized vocabulary of pastimes and the performing
arts. Second, encyclopedic information on political or social history has been provided where
it seemed necessary to an understanding of the text. This has led to unusually full definitions
of legal and administrative terms (eg 'assise,' 'recorder'), of officers of the royal household
(eg'hangers,' 'wardrobe'), and, in this collection, of the peculiar terminology of Cambridge
University (eg 'bedell,' 'repliar,' 'tasker').
-Arrangement. The glossary follows normal alphabetical order; '3' follows "y' and
follows 't.' Normal headword forms are the uninflected singular for nouns and the infinitive
for verbs; but nouns occurring only in the plural or possessive, and verbs occurring only in
one participial or finite form, are usually entered under the form that actually occt/rs. Similarly,
verbal nouns are subsumed under the infinitive when other parts of the same verb also occur
in the text, and adverbs are entered under the related adjective when that also occurs.
- Spelling. Fully glossed words are entered under the spelling most often found in the text.
When two spellings are equally or nearly equally common, the one nearer modern usage is
preferred. Other variants are cross-referenced in their alphabetical places, unless the cross-
reference would come within two entries of the main listing. All noted variants are given under
the main listing, in alphabetical order within each grammatical form.
Unfamiliar spellings of words not fully glossed appear in their alphabetical places, but several
may be grouped into a single entry where that can cause the reader no confusion. Forms
corrected in the footnotes, or forms cancelled and replaced by the original scribe, are not
normally entered in the glossary.
- Citations. For every word, sense, and variant recorded, the earliest example occurring in
the Records is cited. When a variant occurs only twice, the second occurrence is also cited.
1298 GLOSSARIES
Otherwise further occurrences are represented by 'etc,' except when it is deemed advisable
to alert the reader that the sense in question applies in particular later passages.
- Etymological Notes. Where the definition begins by repeating the headword in a different
spelling, the latter is normally the headword in the Oxford Enghsh Dictionary and further
information can be found there. Occasionally it has been thought advisable to cite the authority
followed or succinctly indicate the glossarians' reasoning process. This information is given
within square brackets at the end of the entry. For the authorities used, see 'Works Consulted'
below.
Italian and Spanish Texts
There are no glossaries for the Italian and Spanish documents. Although sufficiently involved
to qualify for translation by REED guidelines, they contain no vocabulary not found in standard
reference dictionaries for those languages.
Works Consulted
Cheney, C.R. Handbook of Dates for Students of English History (London, 1978).
Clark, Andrew (ed). Register of the University of Oxford. Vol 2, pt 1 (Oxford, 1887).
Cunnington, C. Willett and Phillis Cunnington. Handbook of English Costume in the
Sixteenth Century. Rev edn (London, 1970).
- Handbook of English Costume in the Seventeenth Century. 3rd edn (London, 1972).
Cunnington, Phillis and Catherine Lucas. Occupational Costume in England: From the
Elez, enth Century to 1914. (London, 1967).
Curtis, Mark H. Oxford and Cambridge in Transition 1558-1642 (Oxford, 1965).
Dearmer, Percy. The Ornaments of the Ministers. 2nd edn (London, 1920).
Glare, P.G.W. (ed). Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1982). lorD]
Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W.N. A History of Academical Dress in Europe (Oxford, 1963).
Kurath, Hans and Sherman H. Kuhn, etal. Middle English Dictionary. Fascicules A. !-S.7
(Ann Arbor, 1952--88).[MED]
Latham, R.E. Revised Medieval Latin Word-List from British and Irish Sources (London,
1965).
- and D.R. Howlett. Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources. Fascicules 1-3: A-E
(London, 1975-86).
Leathes, Stanley M. (ed). Grace Book A: Containing the Proctors'Accounts and Other Records
of the Uniz,ersity of Cambridge (Cambridge, 1897).
Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie. A Greek-
English Lexicon. 9th edn (Oxford, 1940; rpt with supplement, 1968). [LS]
Matthison, W. and M.A.R. Tuker. Cambridge (London, 1907).
Micklethwaite, J.T. The Ornaments of the Rubric. Alcuin Club Tract 1 (London, 1897).
Munrow, David. [MusicalJ Instruments of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (London, 1976).
The Oxford English Dictionary. Compact edition. 2 vols (New York, 1971).
Robbins, Rossell Hope (ed). Early English Christmas Carols (New York and London, 1961).
GLOSSARIES 1299
Rock, Daniel. The Church of our Fathers as seen in St. Osmund's Rite for the Cathedral of
Salisbury. New edn, G.W. Hart and W.H. Frere (eds). 4 vols. (London, 1905).
Wright, Joseph (ed). The English Dialect Dictmnary. 6 vols (Oxford, 1898-1905). [/oo]
Abbreviations
abl ablative ME Middle English
acc accusative mf masculine/feminine
adj adjective M_ Medieval Latin
adv adverb Mt Matthew
^_ Anglo-Latin n noun
art article nt neuter
attr attributive or Old French
c_ Classical Latin p participle
coil collective pa past tense
comm common noun phr phrase
comp compound pl plural
compar comparative poss possessive
conj conjunction pp past participle
dat dative ppl participial
EG English Glossary pr present tense
f feminine prep preposition
fig figuratively pron pronoun
gen genitive prp present participle
Gk Greek refl reflexive
imper imperative sg singular
in inches sbst substantive
inf infinitive subj subjunctive
interj interjection superl superlative
intr intransitive tr transitive
Lk Luke v verb
m masculine vb verbal
Latin Glossary
ABIGAIL ANN YOUNG
absoluo, -uere, -ui, -utum v tr 1. to release
from a sentence, especially of
excommunication; to absolve 841/21,
408/25; 2. to complete, finish, bring to
perfection (eg, a work of art) 283/5
academia, -e n f the university, whether
considered as a physical site 229/17, etc; an
institution 229/12, etc; or a community of
persons 236/7, etc
academicus, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
the university 295/29, etc; m pl as sbst
members of the university of whatever
status 283/2, etc
actio, -onis n f 1. activity, action; work (as
opposed to leisure) 316/22; 2. performance
(of a play or dialogue) 94/22, etc; hence
scenica actio, stage production, theatrical
performance 308/25, et al; see scenicus
actor, -oris n m literally, one who performs
or does (something), hence participant,
here always used of a participant in a play;
it is unclear whether its meaning is
restricted to actor in the modern sense
94/17, etc
actus, -us n m action, activity; possibly here
academic disputation publicly delivered; cf
E6 acte 4/7
adaugeo, -gere, xi, -ctum v tr to increase,
here in idiom ad duplum adauctum having
been doubled 563/20-1
administrator, ooris n m administrator, one
in charge of the estate of a deceased person
or a minor 614/25
admitto, -ittere, -isi, -issum v tr 1. to admit
someone to an office or position 253/35; 2.
with 'in' andacc, to admit someone before
a court as a witness 388/33
admoneo, -ere, -ui, -itum v tr to warn
296/21, hence to issue a formal legal
warning to offenders 296/7
adtunc adv at that time, then 388/36
aduersus prep with acc against, used of a law-
suit or charge 332/21
aedendo abl of gerundive over-corrected form
of edo, -ere qv
aedificium,-ii n nt literally, building, here a
temporary structure erected within an
existing building 236/21
aedilis, -is n m literally, a Roman Republican
officer in charge of various public works
and services such as the games, here by
extension, member of the university
chosen to oversee plays 238/6
aeditus, -a, -um pp over-corrected form of
edo, -ere qv
aerarium, -ii n nt literally, public treasury of
Republican Rome, here the treasury
containing a college's funds 147/28;
erarium 205/33
affirmatiue adv in an affirmative manner; yes
(of replies) 316/14, etc
agito, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to put on,
perform, produce (in form acgitandis)
147/28
alarius, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
gambling, especially with dice, in idiom
LATIN GLOSSARY 1301
taberna alaria public gambling house
(form presumably results from confusion
between CL ala and alea) 267/4, et al
aleatorius, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
gambling, especially with dice; in idiom
domus aleatoria public gambling house
259/23-4
allegacio, -onis nfallegation, a plea or claim
made by, or on behalf of, one party to a
suit against the other 326/22, et al
allego -are, -aui, -atum v tr to state as true,
allege, especially used of statements made
against accused persons 386/4, etc; used of
statements made by a complainant 332/25,
etc; made by an officer of the court 487/6,
etc
allocacio, -onis n f allowance of an
expenditure as valid 67/36
alloco, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to allow an
expense or payment as valid (used of an
auditor) 56/25, etc
alumnus, -i n m 1. student 237/8, et al; 2.
graduate 842/22
Anglia, -e n f England 65/26, etc
Anglicanus, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
England 510/17 or the English language
237/32
Anglice adv in the E nglish lan guage 578/19,
et al
annuatim adv annually 207/5, etc
annuitas, -atis n f annual payment; it is
unclear whether it is for services rendered
or as an honorarium 227/15
annuntiatio, -onis n f announcement, here
always the announcement by an angel to
the Virgin Mary (Lk 1.26-38); see dies,
festum, terminum
antedictus, -a, -urn adj said or stated before
301/14, etc
Antuerpia, -ae n f Antwerp 845/5
apostolus, -i n m apostle, one of the first
followers of Jesus 5/29, etc
applausus, -us n m applause, expression of
approval 283/2
appreciator, -oris n m appraiser, here one
who values the goods of a recently
deceased person prior to the probate of his
will 203/19, et al
apprecio, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to appraise,
here to value the goods of a recently
deceased person prior to the probate of his
will 203/19
apudprepwith acc 1. at (locative) 69/25, etc;
2. among (position) 93/33, etc; 3. on,
upon, at (of work or other activity) 150/4;
4. in the eyes of, for (someone's) part
296/15, etc; 5. (of time) at, on 66/13, etc
archidiaconus, -i n m archdeacon, cleric
appointed by a bishop to assist him
principally in administering justice and in
supervising parochial clergy 363/20, et al
archigrammataus, -i n m lord chancellor
(from Gk ctf?)tyf?ctttctg, a chief
secretary or scribe) 95/8
arena, -e n f sand, gravel 156/23
Aristophanes, -is n m Attic dramatist, a
writer of Old (ie, politically satiric)
Comedy (c 448-c 380 Bc) 111/21, etc
aromaticus, -a, -urn adj spicy, pleasantly
fragrant; as a sbst, it may refer to a sort of
tree, hence possibly of or pertaining to such
a tree or its wood? 43/31
ars, -tis n f skill, craft 567/32; see
bacchalaureus, magister
articulariter adv made up of, or in the form
of, articles 364/9
articulatim adv article by article or in the
form of articles 332/26
articulus, -i n m 1. article, charge laid against
a person in court 363/25, et al; 2. article,
part of a series of charges or allegations
upon which witnesses are interrogated
326/21, etc
ascensio, -onis nfa going up, here always the
going up of the risen Christ to heaven (Acts
1.6-12); see festum
aspides see EG
aspiro, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to reach for,
attain to (used metaphorically) 282/35
assensus, -us n m agreement, assent, here
1302 LATIN GLOSSARY
formal consent of a governing body, eg, a
town council 253/35
assideo, -idere, -edi, -essum v intr literally,
to sit near, sit by, here to preside over a trial
(used of fellow members of a judicial
panel), to sit on a panel of judges at a trial
316/1
assistentia, -e n f act of assisting in
deliberation at a trial (used of one of a
group of judges) 378/30
assisto, -ere, astiti v intrliterally, to stand by
or near, here to assist in deliberation at a
trial (used of fellow members of a judicial
panel) 359/31, etc
Athenae, -arum n f literally, the city of
Athens 846/12; by extension (with
reference to Athens as the home of Plato's
Academy and its successors), a college of
Cambridge University 295/17
athleta, -ae n m athlete; in CL, it could refer
specifically to a wrestler or boxer and may
do so here 399/14
attornatus, -i n m legal representative,
attorney, proxy 614/22; atturnatus
403/37
aucupium, -ii n nt fowling or hawking; here
context makes the latter most likely 132/37
auditor, -otis n m 1. student 132/20;
2. auditor of accounts 143/7, etc
auentura, -e n f joust 399/8
auferro, -rre, abstuli, ablatum v tr 1. take
away (something from someone), deprive
of the possession or use of 207/1 ; 2. receive
(eg, as a response) 296/13
augmentacio, -onis nfthe act of increasing,
enlarging, here used of altering clothing,
possibly letting out? 54/34, et al
auguratio, -onis n f accession, formal
beginning of a monarch's reign 627/20
aula, -e nfl. hall, dining area and centre of
corporate activity in a college 37/1, etc; 2.
hall, a place of residence and instruction for
students, originally distinct from a college
in having no collegium or corporate body
of fellows, but usually endowed; some
halls were either incorporated into colleges
or became colleges; aula Clarensis, Clare
Hall 409/4; aula Katerine, Catharine Hall
150/20; aula Pembrokia, Pembroke Hall
308/24, et al; aula Sancte Trinitatis,
Trinity Hall 326/28, etc (the proper name
of a hall sometimes occurs alone with
names to indicate affiliation with a
particular hall, eg 308/23); 3. gilda aula
guild-hall, centre of town government 68/2
author, -oris n m for auctor qv
authoritas, -atis n f for auctoritas qv
autor, -oris n m for auctor qv
autoritas, -atis n f for auctoritas qv
bacchalaureus, -i n m bachelor, one holding
the lowest academic degree in a given
faculty; unmodified, it probably refers to
a bachelor of arts (inform bacchulaureus)
344/17; in various idioms: 1. bacchalaurei
minores minor bachelors, probably all
bachelors in faculties inferior to theology
352/20; 2. in artibus or artium
bacchalaureus bachelor of arts, BA, one
holding the lowest degree obtainable and
the formal prerequisite for all higher
degrees 308/24, etc; 3. in legibus
bacchalaureus bachelor of laws, LLB, one
holding a bachelor's degree in civil and
canon law 326/25, etc; 4. in sacra
theologia or sacre theologie bacchalaureus,
or bacchalaureus in theologia bachelor of
theology (s'r) or divinity (D), one holding
a bachelor's degree in theology, the highest
of the faculties; probably, though not
certainly, one in, or studying for, holy
orders 147/25, etc
baptists, -e n m one who baptizes; see festurn
barba, -e nfbeard, here probably false beard
as a stage property 151/25, et al
barbitonsor, -oris n m barber, one who
practises minor surgery and dentistry as
well as hairdressing 7/14, etc
basilica, -e n f literally, basilica, a church
designed according to a late Roman
1306 LATIN GLOSSARY
comedia, -ae n f !. comedy, a play, usually
in verse, of a humorous or satiric nature,
especially an ancient comedy 84/28, etc; 2.
performance of a comedy 95/13 (in form
comoedia), etc
comedialis, -e adj of or pertaining to a
comedy or its performance, comic ! 51/22
comes, -itis n m 1. earl, a peer ranking above
a viscount but below a marquess 23/23, etc;
2. companion, comrade 237/3;
3. (continental) count; see palatinus
comicus, -a , -urn adj 1. of or pertaining to
a comedy or its performance, comic ! 30/18,
hence fabula or res comica a comedy or its
performance 95/1-2, etc; 2. witty,
humorous (of writers) 586/40
comisium, -ii n nt see comitium
comitatus, -us n m county 327/25, etc
comitiua, -e n f company, group 84 !/25
comitium, -ii n nt here always in pl
commencement 217/10, etc; comisium
370/40
commeatus, -us n m regular or standard
provisions of food, here in idiom preter
commeatum a grant of extra or special
provisions beyond what was usual 192/14,
et al
commemoratio, -onis n f commemoration,
feast (of a saint): commemoratio sancti
Palli commemoration of St Paul 75/3
(probably an abbreviated reference to the
commemoratio sanctorum Pauli et Petri
30 June, which was also the observance of
St Paul's alleged beheading)
commissarius, -ii n m commissary, a iudge
presiding over a university court as the
deputy of the vice-chancellor; the
commissary's court customarily exercised
the university's jurisdiction over those not
members of the university 326/27, etc
communa, -e n f 1. commons, the standard
daily provision of supplies, usually
foodstuffs, made for each member of a
college 133/21, or the monetary value
thereof 841/22; 2. daily meals provided for
a visitor, servant, or workman by a college
63/37, et al
communis, -e adj 1. common, communal, of
or .pertaining to a community, whether the
umversty 84 !/21,296/36, 333/9, a college
37/1, etc, or the town 6/36; 2. common,
general 253/34; see also dies, histrio,
intersessio
communitas, -atis n f community,
commonalty, commons (of a town) 68/35,
etc
communiter adv in common parlance, in
English 367/12
compareo, -ere, -ui, v intr to appear before
a judge either as a party to an action 249/16,
etc, or to certify compliance with a court
order 279/27, etc
comparicio, -onis n f appearance before a
judge 388/23, etc
competens, -ntis adj suitable (for a task),
capable of serving in some (specified)
capacity, competent 332/20
completus, -a, -urn pp finished, done 132/2 ! ;
as adj full, entire 150/35
compotus, -i n m see computus
compurgator, -oris n m compurgator, one
who supports the oath of an accused party
by his own oath; in ecclesiastical courts,
this process, called compurgation, was a
means by which the accused could be
cleared of a charge. Normally a man acted
as compurgator to another man, and a
woman acted as compurgatrix to another
woman 364/23, et al
computus, -i n m 1. the process of drawing
up the formal annual account of a college
214/15 (inform computus, -us), 357/28 ?,
357/29?, 567/30; 2. accounting for specific
costs 357/28?, 357/29?, 570/11
conceptio, -onis n f conception (of a baby);
see festum
concernens, -ntis prp concerning
333/19
concio, -onis n f 1. sermon 315/13, etc;
2. assembly, gathering 267/26, et al
LATIN GLOSSARY 1309
36/20, etc; dies Martis Tuesday 48/17, etc;
dies Mercurij Wednesday 64/4, etc; dies
Sabbati Saturday 35/6, etc; dies Veneris
Friday 61/19, etc; 3. day, day-time (as
opposed to night) 236/8; 4. day as a
measurement of time 12/27, etc; 5. day set
aside for a special purpose 5/29, etc; in
various idioms: dies cinerum 841/5,
385/21-2, etc, or primus dies
quadragesime 315/12, et al, Ash
Wednesday; dies comitiorum
commencement day 217/10, etc; dies Lune
in quindena Pasce 95/35-6 or dies
videlicet hockmunday i 0 i / i 5 Hock
Monday, the Monday after the octave of
Easter; dies viz hokkyng day Hock
Monday or possibly Tuesday? 50/40-1;
6. a saint's day: dies Annuntiationis the
Annunciation, Lady Day, 25 March
662/17; dies sancti Edmundi Regis St
Edmund's Day 20 November 6/36, etc;
dies Innocentium 29/5, etc, or sanctorum
Innocentium 43/i 1, etc (Holy) Innocents'
Day, 28 December; dies sancti Iohannis
euangeliste St John's Day, 27 December
55/12; dies sancte Margarete St
Margaret's Day, 20 July 91/17-18; dies
Michaelis Michaelmas, 29 September
16/33; dies sancti Nicholai, St Nicholas'
Day, 6 December 33/18, etc; dies omnium
sanctorum All Saints' Day 1 November
6/35; dies Purificationis 19/34, etc, or
Purificationis beate Marie 20/38-21/1,
etc, the Purification, Candlemas,
1 February; dies sancti Stephani 16/17,
etc, or Stephani 46/20, etc (St) Stephen's
Day, 26 December; dies sancti Thome
martiris St Thomas a Beckett's Day,
29 December 68/14-15; 7. feast day,
festival, celebration (religious or secular):
dies profesti festive days 132/27; dies
augurationis 627/20 or inaugurationis
Regiae 662/17-18 or Regiae
inaugurationis 676/14 or Regis 631/34-5
anniversary of the king's accession; dies
circumcisionis domini Circumcision Day,
1 January 87/1; dies corporis Christi
Corpus Christi Day, the Thursday after
Trinity Sunday 57/27; dies dedicationis
dedication day, annual celebration of the
dedication of a church to its patron saint
6/3, etc; dies epiphanie Epiphany,
6 January 8/i 3 (inform ephiphanie), etc;
dies natalis Domini Christmas,
25 December 34/1; dies nuptiarum
wedding day 493/35; 8. with iuridicus
court-day, day upon which legal business
could be conducted 385/21, et al
dieta, oe n f a day's supply of provisions,
usually foodstuffs 27/29, etc
diffinitiuus, -a, -urn adjfull, complete, final
333/21
digladatio, -onis n f literally, a gladiatorial
contest, here in idiom scholastica
digladiatio a formal school disputation,
held as a degree excercise or as an
exhibition for prominent visitors 243/28
dij form of deus qv
dimitto, -ittere, -isi, -issum v tr to dismiss (an
accused person) from court without
further charges, punishments, or summons
pending, usually upon payment of court
expenses and/or a fine 385/26, et al; 2. to
dismiss, send away, expel 296/19, etc;
dismitto 407/37
diruo, -ere, oi, -turn v tr to dismantle a
previously assembled structure 12 i/36
diruptio,-onis n f literally, explosion, here
possibly taking apart, breaking up 174/38
discupulus, -i n m for discipulus qv
disgisacio, -onis n f disguising, an
entertainment held, often at Christmas
time, in King's College 49/22
dismitto, -ittere, -isi, -issum v tr see dimitto
disputacio, -onis nfa formal disputation, an
academic exercise in which the disputant
resolves a difficult problem in fields such
as theology or philosophy 102/15
disputo, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to hold a
formal disputation, either as a degree
LATIN GLOSSARY 13ll
gentiles (Mt 2.1-12) or the liturgical
festival commemorating it 133/11, etc; see
dies, festum, nox, uigilia
episcopus, -i n m literally, bishop, member of
the highest of the major orders of clergy,
here St Nicholas' bishop, boy-bishop, a
boy, usually a choirboy, chosen to act as
a mock bishop in liturgical and other
observances held at the feast of St Nicholas
12/19, etc; episcopus puerorum 54/35,
etc; episcopus Sancti Nicholai 50/25
epitasis, -is nfmiddle section of play in which
dramatic tension builds as a result of the
development of the plot (from Gk
gnoxcotg, a stretching, straining) 119/36
erarium, -ii n nt see aerarium
erectio, -onis nfraising (of a building or other
structure), construction 156/28
erga prep with acc 1. toward, with respect to
(of reference, specifying persons affected
by actions or behaviour) 385/23, etc; 2. for
(of purpose, with reference to a future time
or event) 49/22-3
Essexia, -ae n f Essex 344/30
euangelista, -e n m evangelist, one of the
traditional authors of the four canonical
gospels; see dies, festum
eunuchus, -i n m a eunuch, here, title of a play
by Terence or a reference to its chief
character Dorus 151/13
Euripides, -is n m Athenian tragic poet (480-
406 Be), last of the three great tragedians
of the fifth century 846/11
examinacio, -onis nfl. judicial questioning
of an accused party, a compurgator, or a
witness 388/35; 2. examination of a
student, exam 132/21
examinator, -otis n m examiner, one who
administers an exam 132/31, etc
examino, -are, -aui, -atum v tr 1. to examine,
scrutinize 120/36, et al; 2. to examine
judicially (used of a judge) 327/32, etc
exantlo, -are, -aui, -atum v trfor exanclo qv
exceptio, -onis nfl. reception, receiving (of
a visitor) 157/14, etc; 2. exception, a
judicial objection made in response to the
statement or submissions of the opposing
party in a suit 335/4
excessus, -us n m excessive behaviour, acts of
misconduct, crime 841/22
Excestria, -e n f Exeter 24/12, etc
excommunicacio, -onis n f excommun-
ication, ecclesiastical penalty under which
the guilty party was punished by exclusion
from the sacraments and especially the
reception of communion; at various times,
further disabilities were imposed as well,
such as exclusion from all social
intercourse with other church members
841/7, et al
excommunicatus, -i sbst m one who has been
excommunicated 841 /19
executio, -onis n f execution, carrying out
(eg, of an order) 363/4
executor, -otis n m executor, a man who
oversees the due execution of the various
clauses and bequests in a will and is
accountable to the ecclesiastical authorities
for so doing 283/6
executrix, -icis nfexecutrix, a woman, often
the widow of the testator, acting as an
executor 694/11
exigencia, oe n f requirement, exigency
408/18
expenca, -e n f for expensa from expensus,
-a, -urn qv
expendo, -dere, -di, -ditum v trto use, make
use of, consume 5/28, etc
exposicio, -onis n f exposition, explanation,
here used with particular reference to the
Bible, hence, exegesis 102/16
exspensa, -e n f for expensa from expensus,
-a, -urn qv
faber, -bri n m artisan, specifically a smith
158/37; faber lignarius (also written as one
word 193/27) woodwright, joiner 179/32,
etc
fabrilegus, -i n m wright-law, a punning
nonce-word coined from the roots of
LATIN GLOSSARY 1313
or natalis Domini 32/24, etc, Christmas,
25 December; festa natalicia the
Christmas season, Christmas tide, 125/17;
festum natiuitatis ducis Eboraci festival
celebrating the birth of the duke of York
653/24-5; festum natiuitatis 164/4, etc,
or natiuitatis domini 132/42, Christmas,
25 December; festum diui Nicholai 99/5,
etc, or sancti Nicholai 12/19, etc, feast of
St Nicholas, 6 December; festum omnium
sanctorum feast of All Saints, 1 November
6/11, etc; festum Pasche Easter 39/8-9,
etc; festum sancti Petri either feast of St
Peter ad Vincula, 1 August, or abbreviated
form of feast of Sts Peter and Paul, 29July
558/23; festum Penticoste Pentecost,
Whitsunday, the Sunday fifty days after
Easter 375/40; festum Purificacionis
17/32-3, etc, or Purificacionis beate
Marie 15/5, etc, the Purification,
Candlemas, 2 February; festum Regine
344/24, etc, or domine Regine 373/3, etc,
festival celebrating the anniversary of the
queen's accession; festum 5 i Novembris
Guy Fawkes' Day, 5 November 422/28,
etc; festum Reliquiarum Relic Sunday,
first Sunday after 7July 37/10-11 ; festum
Stephani 33/4, etc, or sancti Stephani 20/30,
etc, feast of (St) Stephen, 26 December;
festum sancti Thome martiris feast of St
Thomas a Beckett, 29 December 47/7
feuda, -e n f see feodum
fideliter adv faithfully, in a trustworthy
manner 133/22, etc
tides, -ei n f 1. oath: especially in phrases
fidem dare to give an oath or guarantee on
someone's behalf 409/9, etc, or fidem
facere 333/18, etc, to take an oath; 2. faith,
trust: in idiom fide optima with or in good
faith 316/37; 3. assurance 301/16; 4.
(religious) faith 404/2
fidicen, -inis n m literally, a lyre player,
probably a generic term for anyone playing
a stringed instrument, possibly in English
usage a harper 671/25
filius, -ii n m son: 1. in a literal sense 8/5, etc;
2. filii Israel sons of Israel, the Hebrews of
the Old Testament 5/28
finis,-is n fend 241/19, etc
finis, -is 2 n f payment in settlement of an
obligation 5/5
firma, -e n f rental, leasing 207/13
fistula,-e n f pipe, literally, reed-pipe, here
translated by scribe as 'le wayte pypes'
207/1
fistulator, -oris n m literally, one who plays
upon a reed-pipe, probably a generic term
for one who plays a wind instrument, in
English usage possibly a piper 12/20, etc;
fistilator 15/34
flagellifer, -eri n m literally, lash-bearer,
hence, madman, here probably part of the
title of a Latin translation of Sophocles'
Ajax, Ajax Flagellifer 238/15
foedum, -i n nt see feodum
forale, -is n nt (?from CL foris qv) front,
beginning (of a book, etc) 38/37
fraenum, -i n nt over correction offrenum qv
Francia, -e n f France 404/2, et al
frater, -tris n m brother 1. in a literal sense
296/9; 2. by extension, of a fellow member
of the same community 110/11 ?; 3. in pl
the brethren, fellow-Christians 316/24; 4.
member of an order of friars 110/11 ?;
fratres predicatores friars preacher, the
Dominicans 49/29
fraternitas, -atis nfreligious confraternity or
guild, here referring to a Corpus Christi
guild 5/5
froenum, -i n nt over-correction offrenum qv
fumigium, -i n nt literally, fumigation, here
probably burning of some substance to
cleanse or sweeten the air 225/37
funerale, -is n nt a kind of candle or torch
93/31, probably an error for funale qv
fustianum, -i n nt fustian, a type of cloth
113/3, et al; see EG fustian
galliprelium, -ii n nt cock-fight 259/24, et al
gaudeo, -dere, -di, -isus v intrwith abl 1. to
1314 LATIN GLOSSARY
enioy, reioice in 510/11; 2. to enioy the
possession of (a privilege) 363/19, et al
gero, -rere, -ssi, -stum v tr 1. to bear 399/5,
2. to hold: a. hence of parts of the body, to
employ, to move or gesture with in some
way 95/19; b. in idiom vicem gerens one
holding the place of another, idiomatic
phrase for a deputy 147/18-19; 3. with refl
andadv to behave in a certain way 147/20;
4. to perform, do (something), act (here in
idiom in supine) 205/23; 5. in passive to
happen, take place 267/34, hence in idiom
res gesta deed, exploit, usually of the past
236/5
gesto, -are, -aui, -atum v tr 1. bear, carry
236/29; 2. to gesture, make expressive
movements; possibly to mime or mimic?
75/4 etc
gestus, -us n m 1. movement of the limbs or
body, expressive action 236/10, et al;
2. behaviour, hence in idiom bonus gestus
good behaviour (as condition of peace
bond and similar bonds) 491/7, et al
gilda, -e n f see aula
gladiatorius, -a, -urn adj literally of or
pertaining to a gladiator or gladiatorial
shows, here of or pertaining to fighting,
especially sword fighting 259/23, et al; see
lusus, schola
Gloucestria, -e n f Gloucester 23/5, etc
Gonuillus, -i n m see collegium
graduatus, -i sbst m graduate; in idiom
residens graduatus a graduate still resident
in Cambridge 364/15
gradus, -us n m 1. step, stair 93/21, etc;
2. academic rank, university degree
841/25, 379/3, etc
grammaticalis, -e adj of or pertaining to
grammar in its ancient sense, ie, including
what now is classified as literary criticism;
here in title of play Bellum Grammaticale,
'The War of Grammar' 847/37
grandison ans, -tis adj sounding grand, lofty,
or noble 239/10
gratia, -e n fl. favour, graciousness 229/13,
etc; 2. divine grace or favour, providential
care 404/2; 3. in idiom gratias agere to
thank (with dat of person) 510/12, et al
hexemerus, -a, -um adjof or pertaining to a
period of six days (from Gk Xfltog)235/
34
Hibernia, -e n f Ireland 404/2, et al
Hierosolymitanus, -a, -um adj of or
pertaining to Jerusalem 283/2
historiographus, -i n m historian 132/30
histrio, -onis n m entertainer; in CL actor of
the better sort, in later, eg, patristic, Latin,
performer in the often obscene farces or
ritual drama of the later Empire; in ^L
usage, usually a generic term, synonymous
with ministrallus and mimus, which often
refers to a musician. A histrio may often
be in the employ of a patron or of a town;
from the mid-fourteenth century, and
frequently in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, it refers to a town wait; 1. actor
241/26, 399/13, 543/38; 53/32?, 182/237,
671/31 ?; 2. entertainers a. with
specification: io town wait: histriones uiile
13/15, etc, communis histrio 6/36-7;/i.
with a named royal, noble, or other
patron, entertainer, probably a musician,
under his or her patronage 7/12, etc;
b. without specification, possibly used
generically, here the exact sense cannot be
determined: 4/33, etc; by far the most
common of the three synonyms, histrio,
mimus, ministrallus, used in Cambridge;
histrior 38/14, etc; bistro (declined as an
i-stem) 70/41, etc; histronius 75/27, etc;
hystrio 3/28, etc; istrio 6/12, etc; ystrio
6/19, etc
Hollandia, -ae n f Holland (name of an
earldom) 662/12; Hollanda 676/3
homo, -inis n m 1. literally, human being,
person (irrespective of sex) 267/18,296/4,
et al; however, often used indistinguishably
from uir, qv, hence, man, male human
being 267/14; it is not possible to say in
1316 LATIN GLOSSARY
iocus, -i n m jest, joke, in CL usually verbal;
possibly an amusing entertainment
238/30
istrio, -onis n m see histrio
iunior, -ius adj the younger of two persons
having the same name or surname 363/11,
ere
iuramentum, -i n nt oath 364/41, etc;
prestacio iuramenti taking of an oath 301/
15; iuramentum corporale corporal oath,
one involving physical contact with a
gospel book or relic on the part of the oath-
taker 365/32, 388/34; cf 364/40
iuridicus, -a, -urn adj see dies
iusta, -e n f joust 399/8
iustitiarius, -ii n m judge, justice (eg, of peace
or of assizes) 279/21; iustitiarius
primarius possibly the chief justice?
296/10
laicus, -i n m layman, one who is not in orders
of any kind 14/2
Lancastria, -e n f Lancaster 16/32, etc
lanistarius, -a, -um adjofor pertaining to a
lanista, qv, a trainer of gladiators, here in
idiom schola lanistaria school for fighting
or fencing? 259/22
larua, -e n f a mask, here to be worn in
unidentified entertainments or pastimes
619/40, etc; lerua 158/17
le, lee, les, lez forms of the Romance definite
article used to signal the beginning of an
English word or phrase in an otherwise
Latin passage 5/4, etc; although le and lee
are formally singular and les and lez
formally plural, they are not always in
agreement with the nouns they modify, eg,
le disgysynges 47/29; les Trumpetor
393/33
lectio, -onis n f 1. act of reading 132/29;
2. academic lecture 102/15, etc
lector, -oris n m reader, fellow of a college
appointed to give lectures on certain topics
133/12, etc; domesticus lector one
appointed to give lectures within the
college only 209/31 ; lector humanitatis or
humaniorum literarum one appointed to
lecture in humanities; see humanior,
humanitas
lectura, -e n f lecture 205/18
legalis, -e adj lawful, here in idiom legalis
monete Anglie, sometimes abbreviated to
legalis etc, (a sum) of legal English
currency 250/39, etc
legatus, -i n m literally, legate, ambassador,
here probably mock ambassador chosen as
part of Christmas and Epiphany
celebrations 157/11
leno, -onis n m procurer, pimp, here used to
refer to a stock character of Roman
comedy 126/19
Lennoxia, -e n f Lennox (name of a duchy)
662/29; Lenoxium 558/19
lerua, -e n f see larua
lescrinium, leskeneum see E
leuo, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to levy a sum of
money from someone's goods (used of
fines or bonds) 133/7, etc
liberatio, -onis nfdeliverance, here referring
to the deliverance of the king from the
Gunpowder Plot (1605) 401/22
liberatura, -e n f livery, clothing of a set
pattern provided by a city for some of its
officers, including the waits 68/7, etc
libero, -are, -aui, -atum v tr 1. free, rdease
241/14; 2. deliver, hand over, give 3/14, etc
libertas, -atis n f liberty, freedom, hence,
used of the liberty or liberties of the
university, ie, its privileged legal and
administrative status, especially its right to
stir-government and self-discipline by its
own officers, courts, and procedures
296/1, etc
licentiatus, -a, -um adjliterally, licensed (eg,
for publication); here also a pun on the
English 'licentious' may be intended
871/37
licentio, -are, -aui, -atum v tr allow, permit,
license 399/31
lignarius, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
wood; see faber; nt sg as sbst lumber yard,
wood shed, or lumber room? 121/37
1318 LATIN GLOSSARY
maiestas, -atis n f (royal) majesty, a title or
form of address for the reigning monarch
236/23, etc
maior, -oris n m mayor 24/28, etc
maior, -ius compar adj greater (in size,
dignity, or worth), elder 147/27, etc;
maior excommunicacio greater
excommunication, the most severe form of
excommunication in which the penalty of
exclusion from ordinary intercourse with
other Christians was added to exclusion
from the reception of the sacraments
841/7-8
manceps, -cipis n m manciple, a college
officer responsible for purchasing
provisions 255/30
manus,-us nfhand: 1. literally, 95/19, etc;
2. by extension: in manibus in the care (of)
308/33-4m; per manum 253/36 or marius
43/5, etc, by the agency (of); in manus into
the keeping (of) 566/32; 3. something
written by hand, especially a signature
578/25, etc; 4. by synedoche: a person,
especially in idiom ad purgandum sexta
manu to undergo compurgation by six
witnesses (see Introduction p 780)
363/30-1, et al
mappale, -is n nt a linen cloth, often a table
napkin 55/4
marca, -e n f mark, currency denomination
equal to 13s 4d 5/5, etc
Marchia, -e nfMarch (name of an earldom)
23/23
marchio, -onis n m marquess, a peer ranking
next below a duke 578/12
marescalcus, -i n m marshall, here comes
marescalcus earl marshall 23/23-4
martyr, -tiris n m martyr, one who dies out
of adherence to religious principles; see
crastinum, dies, festum
materia, -e nf 1. material, cloth, stuff 113/3;
2. subiect-matter 238/30; 3. legal term
matter, that which is to be tried or proved,
such as a statement or an allegation 326/22,
et al
matutinus, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to
morning; hence preces matutine 364/20 or
fpl as sbst 29/14, etc, morning prayers,
matins, one of the canonical hours making
up the divine office of clerics, and one of
the two such hours which survived the
Reformation, the other being vespers
menestrallus, menestrellus, menstrallus see
ministrallus
Midlesexia, -ae n f Middlesex 403/32
miles, -itis n m 1. soldier, warrior 240/16, et
al; 2. miles gloriosus braggart soldier, a
stock character in Roman comedy 129/4;
see p 1205; 3. allusion to Plautus' Miles
Gloriosus or its title character 94/20, 95/14,
126/20
mimus, -i n m in CL, actor of the less savoury
sort, and often in later Latin a synonym of
'pantomimus' a performer in pantomime;
in AL, usually a generic term for an
entertainer, probably a musician of some
kind: 1. with specification: a. town wait:
mimi huius uille 35/12, mimi Cantebrigie
34/1, etc, mimi Cantebrigienses 125/22,
etc, mimi uille Cantebrigie 39/22, etc,
mimi de Hull 112/7, mimi de Calida
112/9 or Calisie 117/36, mimi
Norwicensis 217/10; b. with a named
royal, noble, or other patron, a performer,
probably a musician, under his or her
patronage 31 / 18-19, etc; c. in conjunction
with a specific appositive, a particular kind
of musician: mimi siue fistulatores, mimi
seu taboratores, mimi uel tubicine, mimi
tibicines (see under the appostive);
2. without specification, possibly used
generically; here the exact sense cannot be
determined 10/14, etc; mymus (found in
abl pl forms mymis and mymys) 41/15,
70/24
minister, -tri n m 1. servant 333/9;
2. apparently used for its diminutive
ministrallus minstrel 63/11, et al, 65/9, et
al
ministrallus, -i n m minstrel, entertainer,
LATIN GLOSSARY 1319
musician: 1. with specification: a.
ministralli uille town waits ! 5/23, etc; b.
with a named royal, noble, or other
patron, a performer, probably a musician,
under his or her patronage 24/21, etc; 2.
without specification, possibly used
generically, here the exact sense cannot be
determined 4/16, etc; minestrailus 4/21,
etc; menestrallus 3/14, etc; menstrallus
10/39, etc; minstrailus 10/29, etc;
minstrellus 328/35 mynstyrellus 31/37;
mynystrallus 6/12;
minor, minus compar adj !. lesser (in size,
dignity, or worth) 241/36; ad minus at
least 133/9; see also bacchalaureus; 2.
younger (of two or more persons of the
same name), Jr (with name) 361/! 5; 3. quo
minus 399/13, see oL quominus
missa, -e n f the mass, liturgical celebration
of the eucharist 29/14, etc
modius, -i n m bushel (dry measure) 151/9
molendarius, -i n m miller 41/23
moneta,-enfmoney, currency 333/4, et al;
see legalis
mora, -e n relapse of time, usually with
negative connotation, delay but here in
idiom moram facere used of a place of
residence, to stay, remain, live 327/27
Mosaicus, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to
Moses, the Jewish Law, or Jewish religious
or cultic practices 239/38
motus, -us n m !. (bodily) movement 846/8;
2. instigation, prompting 239/36, etc
multociens adv for multo totiens qv
musica,-e nfmusic, primarily instrumental
368/28, etc
musicus, -a, -urn adj musical 249/18; m as
sbst musician, used frequently to refer to
university waits 201/28, etc; musitus (sbst)
590/38
mynstyrellus, mynystrallus see ministrallus
natalis, -e adj of or pertaining to birth; by
extension, of or pertaining to Christmas:
conuiuium natale banquet held at the
Christmas season 38/29, etc; iudus natalis
pastime or entertainment held at Christmas
time ! 31/19; see dies, festum; nt sg as sbst
(often with domini) Christmas, the
Christmas season 36/27-8, etc; see festum
natalitius, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
Christmas 142/! 2; see feria, festum; nt pl
used as sbst the Christmas season,
Christmas time 391/12
natiuitas, -atis n f birth, hence natiuitas
Christi Christmas 330/12; see dies, festum
neapolitanus, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to
Naples 113/4; see EG fustian
nobilis, -e adj noble 579/26; m pl as sbst
noblemen, peers 352/16, etc
Nordouolgius, -a, -um ad I of or from
Norfolk 842/21
Norffolkia, -e n f Norfolk 327/31 ;
Norfolchia 31/19
Northumbria, -e nfNorthumberland 75/26,
etc
Norwicensis, -is n f Norwich 2 ! 7/10
horatius, -ii n m notary, person authorized
to draw up and attest to various public and
legal documents, thereby giving such
documents an authoritative status at law
301/11, etc
notorius, -a, -um adj well-known 333/14
nox, -ctis nfl. night, night-time 25/14, etc;
2. (with the name of feast days) the eve of
a feast day, so called from the liturgical
convention of beginning the observance of
a holy day at sunset on the previous day
37/26, etc, but an expression such as in die
epiphanie in nocte 59/9 does indicate the
evening of the day itself rather than its eve
nuncius, -i n m messenger, servant 296/30
nundina, -e nffair 267/27, possibly also used,
as in CL, in pl with sg sense 547/22
obiector, -oris n m objector, a man who
comes forward to lay formal objections
against a witness or compurgator in an
ecclesiastical court 363/35, et al
obiectrix, -ricis n f a female objector 365/1
LATIN GLOSSARY 1321
parochia,-e nfparish, smallest distinct unit
of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and Christian
ministry, each parish having its own
church, priest, wardens, and tithes 7/22, etc
parochianus, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to
a parish, hence m or f used as sbst
parishioner, resident of a parish 3/6, etc
particula, -e n f a small piece or section,
hence, particula uitri, a pane of glass
156/39
Pascha, -e n fEaster, the Easter season 67/13,
etc; see festum, quindena, terminum
patens, -ntis adj open; see littera
patria, -e n f 1. homeland, native country
842/21; 2. countryside, the rural district
round about a city, town, or village and
associated with it 47/12
paupertas, -atis nfpoverty, here personified
as the name of a character in Aristophanes'
Plutus 127/26
pax, -cis nfpeace; in idioms pacem custodire
to keep the peace (used with 'erga' and acc)
385/22-4; securitas pacis peace bond
385/25; turbacio pacis act of disturbing the
peace 4/4
pelliparius, -i n m skinner, member of the
skinner's guild 5/26
Pembrokia, -e n f see aula
peno, -are, -aui, -atum v intr to suffer
punishment 259/31
pensio, -onis nfpension, regular payment for
services 567/31 m
pensionarius, -i n m pensioner, a fees-paying
undergraduate living in, but not
technically a member of the corporation
of, a college 567/29
Pentecoste, -es n f Pentecost, Whitsunday,
the Sunday falling fifty days after Easter
7/15, etc; see festum, vigilia; Penticoste
375/4O
penulus, -i n m (for c/_ poenulus) a little
Carthaginian, here, title of a play by
Plautus 157/38, et al
penus, -a, -urn adj Phoenician, Carthaginian
127/18, etc
peractio, -onis n f performance (of a play)
179/10
perendino, -are, -aui, -atum v intr 1. to
remain (in a place) for a time, visit (cf CL
'perennare') 25/13; 2. socii perindinantes,
literally visiting fellows, apparently the
Queens' College idiom for fellow
commoners 147/24; see EG fellow
commoner
perquiro, -fete, -siui, -situm v tr to issue a
summons to appear (used of a judge)
458/39, et al
persa, -e n m a Persian, here the title of a
comedy by Plautus 150/39
persecutio, -onis n f (religious) persecution
842/22
persona, -e n f 1. literally, dramatic mask,
hence a role 94/26; 2. person, individual
238/10, etc, hence in (propria) persona
sua in his/her (proper) person 385/21, et al
personalis, -e adjpersonal, in person 388/23,
etc; in idiom responsio personalis reply
made in person to charges in an
ecclesiastical court 326/21, etc
personaliter adv in person, personally 4/3,
etc
personatus, -a, -um I adj wearing a mask,
hence of a play performed by masked
actors 295/29
personatus, -a, -um 2 pp filled with noise,
spoken loudly 241/29
petaurista, -e n m tumbler, acrobat 399/14
Petrus, -i n m literally, the name Peter: used
in gen with personal names to indicate
affiliation with Peterhouse College (cf
collegium) 360/1,443/5
phanum, -i n nt for fanum qv, see also Venus
piceatus, -a, -um adjofor pertaining to pitch,
pitchy hence leaving dirty marks (used
metaphorically) 283/5
pietancia, -e n f pittance, alms, an offering
84/38, etc
pilius, -ii n m literally, a cap, here probably
a Canterbury cap, a soft-cornered form of
the mortarboard, the ordinary head gear of
1322 LATIN GLOSSARY
a bishop, here worn by a boy-bishop or a
crucifer 44/16, etc; pileus 81/15
plagiarius, -ii n m plagiarist 283/5
plaudite n indeclinable the formal ending of
a Roman comedy, in which the actors
requested the applause of the audience for
their efforts, hence the end of any play
(from the imp pl of plaudo qv) 236/34, etc
Plautus, -i n m Titus Maccius Plautus, elder
of the two Roman comic writers whose
works survive (c 254-184 Bc); many of his
works were popular in the 16th century
93/21, etc
plegius, -ii n m guarantor, one who acts as a
pledge for another's performance of some
task or office, guarantor 210/7, etc
plutus, -i n m wealth, here personified; Latin
title of Aristophanes' H.o,og 111/21
poeticus, -a, -um adj of or pertaining to
poetry; de Arre poetica a treatise in verse
by Horace on poetics, also known as
Epistola ad Pisones 119/24
pontifex, -icis n m literally, members of a
college of priests in Rome which oversaw
public worship and cultus, here applied to
priests of the Old Testament 240/5 and in
phr Romanus pontifex 141/75 to the
bishop of Rome, the pope
posicio, -onis nfstatement or claim made as
part of a suit at law 326/21, etc
posterior, -ius compar adj 1. later (in time),
next (in series): conuiuium posteriorum
banquet held in honour of graduands of the
later of the two spring commencements,
held about four weeks after the Ash
Wednesday convocation 372/40 (see also
cinis); 2. buttocks (here sgfor more usual
pl ): use here involves a pun on the
philosophical term 'a posteriori' (see OED
a posteriori) 881/38
potacio, -onis nfdrink, act of drinking 102/8,
et al
potus, -us n m drink 61/5, etc; also in idiom
potus caritatis loving cup, apparently the
custom of drinking from a common cup
which circulated among the members of a
community after a community meal 102/7
praelector, -oris n m reader 578/24; cf lector
praesaga, -ae n m prophet 240/15
praetura, -ae n f extra or special provisions
allotted beyond what was customary
698/14; see EG praetor
prandium, -ii n nt dinner, the second and
most elaborate of the three main meals of
the day 8/27, etc
precinctum, -i n nt precinct, here the area
lying within a five-mile radius of
Cambridge under the authority of the
university and its courts 399/25
preconfessatus, -a, -um pp having been stated
or claimed earlier 327/4, etc
preconizacio, -onis n f formal judicial
summons to appear in court or before a
judge 386/1, etc
preconizo, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to summon
(to court), to require (someone) to appear
by summons 385/40, etc
predepositus, -a, -um pp having been
formally stated or deposed before 328/28,
etc
prefectus, -i n m prefect: 1. title of various
senior government officials and military
commanders in the Roman Republic and
Empire, here used by extension in idiom
collegiorum prefecti heads of colleges
203/5, etc; 2. steward, a person, either a
member of college or a college servant,
responsible for overseeing and organizing
its catering 263/12
prepositus, -i n m provost, chief
administrative officer of King's College
32/25, etc
presentatio, -onis nfpresentment, the formal
presentation to an ecclesiastical court of the
name of an accused person, originally
made only by parish churchwardens but
later by others such as vicars and other
ministers as well 363/26, et al
presento, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to present,
used of putting on an entertainment 399/17
1324 LATIN GLOSSARY
of a single quire used for financial records,
either the annual record for an entire
college 38/37, et al, or the more detailed
accounting kept by individual fellows
39/16, etc
queis archaic dat/abl form ofqui qv
questionista, -e n m questionist, a candidate
for the nA degree in his final term, so
called from the degree requirement of
participating in disputed questions
309/3
quindena, -e nfliterally, fifteen-day period,
but probably two-week period, a fortnight
95/36; in idm isto die ad xv " two weeks
from today 386/14, et al; see dies
recens, -ntis sbst m freshman, a student in his
first year of study for the BA 943, etc
recitacio, -onis n f recitation, act of reading
aloud in public, hence, by extension,
performance of a play 158/15, etc
recito, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to read out,
repeat aloud, recite before an audience,
hence, of a play, to perform 151/10, etc
recognicio, -onis n f recognizance, a pledge
or bond, usually made by the principal
party and two guarantors, for the
performance of a task or condition
279/17m
recreatio, -onis n fl. refreshment, relaxation
4/2; 2. activity tending to provide
refreshment; by extension, entertainment
55/25
refeccio, -onis n f a meal 90/26, etc
reformatio, -onis nfreformation, correction
(of an abuse) 321/14m
refractarius, -a, -urn adj unruly,
unrestrained 399/26
regalis, -e adj royal 229/30; of or pertaining
to King's College 236/30, et al: see
collegium, papirus
regardum, -i n nt reward, gratuity,
customary payment 29/32, etc; regarda
69/30m, etc; rewardum 23/4, etc
regina, -e nfqueen, either a reigning monarch
229/16, etc, or the wife of the king 30/14,
etc
reginalis, -e n f of or pertaining to a queen;
see collegium
registrarius, -ii n m registrary, university
official responsible for copying and
registering official records, correspon-
dence, and other documents 572/10
registratus, -a, -urn pp having been
registered, ie, copied into an official
register 3/20
regius, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to a
monarch, royal 101/11, etc; of or
pertaining to King's College 236/16
regnum, -i n nt 1. kingdom 239/15, etc; in
idiom ius regni law of the realm, hence,
common, as opposed to civil or canon, law
101/35-6; 2. reign 279/18, etc
relicta, -e n f widow 610/40, etc
religio, -onis nfreligion: 1. religious practice,
devotion, Christian worship 296/5, etc;
2. Jewish worship 239/38,240/2; 3. pagan
worship 240/26
religiosus, -a, -urn adj pious, devout
316/18
reliquia, -e n f relic; see festum
remuneracio, -onis n f reward, customaty
payment 14/1, etc
reparacio, -onis nfrepair, mending 74/11, etc
reparo, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to mend, repair,
fix 174/38, etc; reparere 64/12
repastum, -i n nt meal 6/19, etc
reportatio, -orris nfa carrying back, removal
145/7
resartio, -onis n f repair, mending 156/36;
resercio 93/21
residens, -ntis pp living, residing 364/14; see
graduatus
respectiue adv respectively 385/14, et al
respectuo, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to bind over
(someone) until another court session used
with 'in' and acc of time 409/9
responsio, -orris n f see personalis
rewardum, -i n nt see regardum
rex, -gis n m 1. king, current or former
LATIN GLOSSARY 1327
allocation as well as a form of divination
321/14: it is unclear what practice is
referred to here; see Introduction,
pp 731-2
sotulare, -is n nt shoe 44/16, etc
spectaculum, -i n nt spectacle, show, usually
unspecified but probably dramatic 4/1, etc
splintra, -e n f lath 158/19
statutum, -i n nt statute, regulation, law
259/26, etc
staurum,-i n nt stock, store, what is on hand
at a given time 352/17
stercutius, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to
Stercutus, the deity supposed to have
invented manuring of crops; ultimately
derived from 'stercus' dung 850/21
stipendium, -ii n nt wages 214/26, etc
stipulacio, -onis n f bond, legal obligation
249/26, etc
subditus, oi n m subject (of some person or
authority) 333/11
subiectus, -a, -urn adj subject to 333/11
subscripsio, -onis n f act of writing one's
name below a statement or other document
to indicate agreement, approval, or
affirmation 315/17, etc
Suffolcia, -e n f Suffolk 43/37, etc
summarius, -a, -urn adj summary, in idiom
via summaria summary means 332/24
superuenio, -enire, -eni, -entum v intr to
enter into, come in from outside, visit
7/29, etc
superuisio, -onis n f oversight, supervision
96/28, etc
supradictus, -a, -urn pp said earlier, stated
above 29/22
supranominatus, -a, -urn lop named above
410/32
suprascriptus, -a, -urn pp written earlier or
above 363/41
suprauenio, -enire, -eni, -entum v tr to enter
into, come into from outside, visit 7/15
surrogatus, -i n m surrogate, a judge acting
as a deputy for the vice-chancellor or his
commissary 326/25, etc
sutor, -oris n m literally, one who stitches
something together; unmodified shoe-
maker, cobbler 81/17; sutor uestiarius
tailor 408/27
taberna, -e n f literally, a shop, but usually
in AL tavern, alehouse, inn 3/24, etc; see
also alarius
taborator, ooris n m taboret, one who plays
upon a small drum called a tabor 44/39
tactus, -a, -urn pp here in idiom tactis sanctis
euangeliis (in abbreviated form tactis &c)
when the holy gospels had been touched,
referring to the form of a corporal oath
364/40, etc; see iuramentum
tapete, -is n m woven hanging, tapestry
236/22
taxator, -oris n m taxer, an officer of the
university authorized to fix rents for
student lodging, and regulate the prices of
goods for sale and weights and measures
used in the town of Cambridge 516/8, et al
Technogamia, -e n f Latinized form of
compound from Gk roots, a marriage of the
crafts or arts, here the title of a play 882/7
tenternayles see EG tainterhookes
templum, -i n nt 1. temple, shrine; it is
unclear whether these passages refer solely
to Hezechiah's purifying of the Temple at
Jerusalem, or also to his destruction of
pagan hill-shrines in the countryside
239/37, 240/9; 2. Christian church or
chapel 236/20, etc
tempus, -oris n nt 1. time, occasion 5/30, etc;
2. period of time 4/3 etc, hence, the octave
or liturgical season associated with a major
festival 13/15, etc; 3. season of the year;
tempus autumnale autumn 7/14; 4. in
idiom pro tempore existenti for the time
being 279/28, etc
tenor, -oris n m tenor, tone, slant (of
meaning, ie, in a document) 363/3
tentorium, -ii n nt frame for a tent or similar
structure; scaffold 180/3
Terentius, -ii n m Publius Terentius Afer,
1328 LATIN GLOSSARY
Terence, second of the two great extant
Roman comedy writers (195 or 185-159
Bc); he was born in Carthage, probably of
North African descent 84/29, etc;
Therencius 88/10
terminum, -i n nt academic term 316/36, etc
terricidia, -e n m turf-cutter 7/15
theatralis, -e adj of or pertaining to a
theatrum, dramatic, theatrical 845/8;
theatrales ludi stage plays 3/28, etc
theatrius, -ii n m one connected with the
theatre, hence, an actor? 158/25
theatrum, -i n nt 1. theatre, place or structure
specifically intended for dramatic
performance 4/1,94/18; 2. stage, platform
upon which drama is performed 149/34,
etc; 3. used with a general application to all
aspects of drama, the theatre, the stage
95/21,238/25m, 295/30
thesaurarius, -ii n m treasurer, one of two
chief financial officers of a town 253/36
theologia, -e nftheology, theological study,
divinity 147/25, etc; see bacchalaureus,
professor
Therencius, -ii see Terentius
thuricremus, -a, -urn adjfor turicremus qv
tibia, -e nfpipe, in CL a pipe having holes for
stops and a reed mouthpiece, a reed-pipe,
here rendered by English "wayte pypes';
see EG wayte n I 180/25, 207/3, et al
tibicen, -inis n m one who plays a reed-pipe,
piper; possibly in AL a generic term for one
playing a wind instrument rather than one
playing an instrument with a reed
mouthpiece 38/5, etc; also inform tibicina,
-e n m 75/6, etc: tybicen 165/2
Tichofeldensis, -e adj of or from Tichfield,
Hants, seat of Thomas Wriothesley 95/7
toga, -e n f 1. robe, here apparently as
costuming 64/29, etc; 2. the toga 848/10;
see o.D toga
tollero, -are, -aui, -atum v tr allow to occur,
tolerate, permit 399/32
torneamentum, -i n nt tourney, tournament
399/8
torta, -e n f torch, large candle 43/31
tragice adv in the manner of a tragedy 238/7
tragicus, -a, -urn adj of or pertaining to a
tragedy 237/14, etc
tragoedia, -ae n f tragedy, a serious drama
having an unhappy outcome, here
probably more specifically either an
ancient tragedy or a modern work
imitating ancient tragedy at least in form
842/25, 132/30 etc
trepidans, -ntis prpfor tripudians; see
tripudio
trepidians, -ntis prp for tripudians; see
tripudio
tri-harmonia, -e n f a nonce-word made up
of Greek and Latin elements, apparently
three-part harmony 849/38
tri-Harueyus, -i n m a nonce-word coined
from English and Latin elements three
Harveys, triple Harvey 849/38
Trinitarius, -ii n m student of Trinity College
586/39
tripudiator, -oris n m dancer, one who
dances the tripudium 18/21
tripudio, -are, -aui, -atum v tr to dance, to
dance a tripudium 7/21, etc; trepido
44/29, etc; trepudio 18/12, etc; tripideo
25/3; tripidio 8/9, etc; tripido 19/25, etc;
tripudo 25/34
tripudium, -ii n nt originally ancient Roman
ritual dance, here probably used more
generally, formal dance 16/12, etc;
tripidium 17/10
Trynitas, -atis n f for Trinitas; see collegium
tuba, -e n f literally in CL, a trumpet with a
straight tube (cf cornu in oLo), used for
military signals, as well as in various
civilian processions; here probably any
straight wind instrument not having a reed
mouthpiece 841/16, 619/40
tubicen, -inis n m trumpeter, one who plays
the tuba 330/27, etc; also inform tubicina,
-e n m 30/28, etc
tubisonus, -i n m trumpeter, one who plays
the tuba 78/13, etc
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1331
232/12; 291/20; thaduertisinge art and
vb n 346/6
afeard pp afraid 643/23
affect v 1. be disposed to, be inclined to
pr3 pl 856/18; affectes pr 3 sg 643/28;
2. cherish 625/32
afore tyme adv phr previously, at some
earlier time 292/18
after prep 1. according to 140/1 ; 2. at the rate
of 211/1, etc
afterclappes n pl unexpected blows or shocks,
coming after the victim has stopped
looking out for them 876/37
against prep 1. in preparation for 464/27, etc;
agaynst 129/39, etc; ayenst 227/3; 2. (of
a specific hour) drawing near, close to:
against 509/33; 3. in preparation for (the
time that); against 854/3; 4. with respect
to, in regard to, agaynst 534/33; 5. (of
location) near to; against 485/18
agewes n pl agues: acute or malarial fevers
340/26
aile n ale 166/10
albe n a white sleeved ankle length vestment,
usually of linen, worn by the clergy and
their assistants at the mass until 1552 181/3;
albes p1144/13, 153/18; albis 153/26, 154/4
alderman n in most English cities and
boroughs, a member of the governing
corporation; aldermen pl 163/34, etc;
aldermens poss pl 166/34
alehouse n house where ale is retailed 586/11 ;
alehowse 538/19, 597/26; alehouses pl
599/6; alehowses 382/11
alhallos n compposs All Hallows', All Saints'
(name of a church) 438/9
a life adv dearly 873/23 [O/D Alife]
allegacions n iv/charges made before a legal
tribunal 476/23, 481/3
allhallowday n comp All Hallows' Day, All
Saints' Day (1 November) 107/34
alligted v pa 3 pl alighted from 541/40
allocated pp (of money) set aside,
apportioned 183/15, etc; allocate 211/11,
211/17
allowance n acceptance (by auditors) as a
legitimate expense 282/22
allowed pp 1. allotted, granted 167/15, etc;
alowed 345/33; alowede 202/12; alowyd
108/12; this meaning is sometimes difficult
to distinguish from 2. accepted (by audi-
tors) as a legitimate expense 278/37, etc;
aliowid 272/19; alowed 134/13, 198/10
All-trades see lohn of All-trades
allure v tempt, entice 342/1,348/30
allye n alley: a bordered walk or passage 542/7
altar clothe n comp frontal, altar cover
153/32, 153/33; altar clothis pl altar
hangings 153/36, etc; aulter clothes
123/27; auter clothes 181/23
amend v repair; amended pp 390/16;
amendinge vb n 173/8, etc
a menns n pl amends, reparation 442/9
amptman German n Amtmann: in Germany,
the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, a bailiff,
steward, magistrate, or other officer in
charge of a town, district, or post 512/32
[OED Amtman]
angel(l) see aungell
annuary adj annual 561/18
anoyer pron another 128/19; a noyer 199/35
answerable adj 1. suitable, fitting 544/25;
2. corresponding (to), according (with)
534/39, etc; 3. responsible, liable to be
called to account; ansurable (asurable
erroneously in text) 480/29
answerer n one (usually a degree candidate)
who defended a thesis in a formal academic
disputation 508/24, etc; answerers poss
508/26, etc
answering prp corresponding to, matching
692/5, 692/9
antick adj 1. grotesque, ludicrous 859/23;
anticke 853/13; antique worke n phr 'antic
work,' grotesque decoration, here perhaps
embroidery 123/33 [orb Antic, a and sb]
antient see auncient
apertaynynge prp belonging (to something),
in keeping with 233/18; apperteyninge to
340/27
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1333
attendance n 1. being present, especially, in
certain places at certain times to perform
prescribed duties 593/27, etc; attendaunce
272/3; 2. attendance one n and Frep
service to 532/33
attiringe vb n used as adj in phr attiringe
howse tiring house, place or room where
players dress themselves for the stage
666/34; attyring chamber 527/32; see also
acting chamber, tyring chamber
aucthoritie n authority 270/6, 270/20;
auctoritie 342/24; thauctorite art and n
139/32
auctorisinge Frp authorizing 342/6
auctors n poss sg authors 139/2
auditors n pl hearers, audience 486/33,668/6
aulter clothes, auter clothes see altar clothe
auncient adj 1. ancient: former; antient
536/25; 2. old; auncientest superl 587/32
aungell n 1. angel: an English gold coin,
valued by 1611 at 11s 431/21, etc; m p/0r
an angell in silver or gould the value of an
angel in silver or gold coin 451 / 13; 2. the
angel coin used as a mock-heraldic device;
angels pl 1243/7
avouch v allege 430/34
axioma n axiom:logical proposition (whether
true or false) 854/11
ayenst see against
babiste n in phr lohn babtiste St John the
Baptist: here, a play of that name 221/28
bachelor n a university graduate holding the
first or junior degree in a particular faculty,
whether in the 'inferior' faculty of arts or
in the 'higher' faculties of divinity, law,
and medicine 450/25, etc; bacheller 470/1,
470/2; bachiler 297/40; batchelor 586/23,
etc; batchelour 502/19; baccalaurs pl
503/17, 636/29; bacchelors 212/18, etc;
bachelars 287/36; bachellers 434/34;
bachellors 455/21,456/39; bachelors
455/3, etc; bachelours 283/26; bachilers
183/26, etc; batchelors 519/28, 538/14;
bachelars pl poss 209/13; bachelor's
572/16, 572/16m; batchelors 354/29;
batchilers 269/4
backehows n bakehouse, building in which
bread is made 465/28
backer n baker 485/16
backside n at Cambridge, the west bank of the
river 676/39; backe syde n phr 445/17,
445/23
badken see bawdkin
baggage n trifles; here perhaps small items of
stage property (?) 161/36
baite, baited see bayte
bald adj unadorned, destitute of ornament
and grace 541/18
balet n ballad 1. some kind of secular song,
here distinguished from a carol (see carol)
76/7, 76/8; balettes p176/7(2); 2. a popular
song, especially one celebrating or '
scurrilously attacking persons or
institutions; ballad 867/31; ballades pl
542/30; ballets 541/18; ballade po& n
comp writer of ballads 857/24; ballet-
makers n comp pl makers or writers of
ballads 851/16
bande n 1. neck-band, collar 366/28, etc;
band 536/6; 2. in phr fallinge band a
broad, soft white linen collar, character-
istically worn by professional men,
surviving in an attenuated form as the
'bands' worn by clergy and the 'tabs' worn
by barristers 1243/8-9
banding vb n binding or fastening with bands
of lead 353/35
banket n banquet 106/15
barber n barber surgeon, one who does hair-
dressing, blood letting, and minor surgery
513/38; barbar 430/34; barbars poss
430/28; barbers 436/29, etc; barbors
478/17
bare adj bare-headed 505/15
bare v bear 625/31
barell see thunder barell
bargraue n burgrave (from German
'Burggraf'): the governor of a town or
castle 512/9
1334 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
barr n 1. railing 477/6; barre 666/19, 666/20;
barrs pl 388/41 ; 2. ornamental strip of
cloth, usually of contrasting colour, sewn
on to a garment; barres p/169/24, 169/25;
3. a wide horizontal band across a shield
(heraldic term; with pun on the sense 'the
legal profession') 1243/7
barrier hose n comp hose worn for the martial
exercise called fighting at the barriers (?)
536/12
barryd pp ornamented with bars (see barr);
striped, streaked 170/3
bases n plin phr a payre of bases a man's skirt,
worn when riding, with or without armour
389/25
bason n basin, here probably an alms basin
682/7
batchelor(s), batchelour, batchilers see
bachelor
batt see bricke batt
battlement n an indented parapet at the top
of a wall 437/40, 462/31; batlementes
477/27; battellmentes 444/23, 446/6;
battelmentes 468/26; battlementes 446/8,
etc; battlements 463/22
baude n procuress, go-between 571/1 ; bawds
pl 859/24
bawdkin n baudekin, baldachin: Oriental
cloth woven of silk, shot through with gold
(or silver) thread, or brocaded; brocade
153/3, etc; badken 190/20; baudkyn
169/34, etc; bauydkin 154/3; bawdkyn
182/32, etc; bawdkyne 182/27
bayes n p/bays: laurel sprigs woven into a
garland to be worn by a conqueror or poet
884/28
baylife n one charged with public
administrative authority in a certain
district, especially, the chief officer of a
hundred; baylifes p1396/28, etc; bayliffes
646/26
bayly n bailiff (see baylife) 99/33; baylys pl
99/34
bayte v set dogs to bite and worry (an animal,
usually one confined for this purpose) for
sport 299/21,302/21 ; baite 301/3,303/24;
bayt 700/14; bayted v pa 3 sg 298/17,
baited pp 572/28, 572/32; bayted 298/13,
301/30; see also bearebayting, bull-
bayting
bayters n pl in phr beare or bull bayters
baiters (see bayte) of bears or bulls 400/1-2
beadle(s) see bedell
beare n 1. bear, here presumably a performing
bear led about by a bearward (see
beareward) 661/10; 2. a picture of a bear
as the sign of an inn 378/37; 3. beer 617/20
bearebayting n form of entertainment in
which dogs were set on a bear chained to
a stake 298/8, etc; bearebaightinge
362/39; bearebaiting 301/29, 304/22;
beare bayting 294/32; 571/17-18; beare-
bayting 395/40; beare baytinge 491/9;
bearbaytings pl 342/35, 357/8;
bearebaytinges 381/41; see also bayte
beareward n bearward: keeper of a bear, who
leads it about 298/23, etc; bearewarde
299/8; beare ward 298/32; bearward
298/17, 298/21; bereward 301/34, etc;
bearwards poss 299/25, etc; berewardes
302/23, etc; berewardes pl 394/35;
berwardes 491/10
beaver n bever; a snack or small repast
between meals 287/36, 305/22
Beckettes Day n phr feast of St Thomas
Becket, 29 December 199/21
bedell n a university officer employed to carry
the messages and execute the orders of the
chief authorities, particularly the vice-
chancellor and the proctors 232/19, etc;
beadle 507/29; bedil1301/38, 302/9; bedyll
298/31, etc; bedelles poss 681/29; beadles
p1292/29, 507/31 ; bedelles 198/34; bedells
307/16; bedels 199/8, etc; bedilles 256/27;
bedles 199/15, etc; bedlis 506/11 ; beedles
317/35; bedels pl poss 232/29, 663/33;
bedles 616/1
bedes n pl beds 609/35
beesoms n pl besoms, brooms 500/19
befoyre prep before 175/33
1336 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
230/3 ! ; hold...books 23 !/24 [OD Book
sb 18]
bolsterd v pa 3 pl padded, stuffed with
padding 849/22
bolsters n p/pads, padding used in or under
garments to produce stiff, distended shapes
about belly, shoulders, etc 196/17;
bowlstarres 127/22
bonne grace n bongrace, a piece of cloth,
usually dark and with a stiffened lining,
hanging from the back of a French hood
(see French hoode); or worn separately,
with one end forming a straight brim over
the forehead, as a sunshade 843/14
booke n a book of music, for learning to play
an instrument or playing a part 1022/31;
bookes pl 1021/20
books see bokes
boon adj jolly, convivial 851/16
boorde see board
boordes n pl boards; in pbr paper burdes
pasteboard book- or pamphlet-covers;
sheets of pasteboard ! 80/! 6- ! 7; paper
boordes median such covers or sheets of
medium size, ie, suiting paper of medium
size (the size between royal and demy)
! 80/! 8; ryall boordes such covers or sheets
of royal size, ie, suiting paper of royal size
180/19
borde see board
border n a strip of embroidered or figured
stuff 843/!; borders pl 123/30
botes n pl in phr botes full boats-full,
boatloads (as a measure) 224/16
botmen n pl boatmen, ferrymen 80/27
bottleman n cornp a servant or official who
has charge of bottles 533/22
bottom n the small object or core around
which a ball of thread or yarn is wound
162/30
bound, bounde(n) see bynde
bout prepin phr at bout at about: near to, in
the vicinity of (?), or error for 'about' (?)
448/28
bowlstarres see bolsters
bownd, bownden see bynde
bowser n bursar, treasurer 221/2, etc; bowcer
122/35; bowcers pl 147/37; bowsers
218/32, etc
boye n servant, employee; when used with
trade names, perhaps an apprentice 213/7,
407/40, etc; boyes p1328/1, etc; boys 328/8
bragyed v pa 3 sg bragged, boasted 299/19
branch pp adj figured, embroidered (of cloth)
181/23; branched 146/35; branshid
153/36; branshitte 153/29; branch-sattin
n phr figured satin 685/3
braved v pa 3 sg issued a challenge 434/24
breches n pl !. breeches: short trousers which
varied in shape and length in the 16th and
17th centuries, but were nearly always
worn over stockings and never came much
below the knee 197/16, 197/18; breaches
378/39; bretches 219/41 ; 2. fig, with
allusion to the well-known farce, Gammer
Gurton's Needle; breeches 846/33;
breechs 846/36
breefes n pl abstracts, summaries 341/17
breste n a garment or piece of armour
covering the breast, here perhaps one
designed to suggest a Fury (see Fury) or
other avenging spirit 172/6
brestith v pr 3 sg bursts, breaks 135/38
bretches see breches
brethren n pl !. fellow members of the town's
governing corporation 377/29, etc;
bretheren 277/9; bretherne 339/29;
brotherne ! 15/8; 2. fellow-students;
bretheren 387/32
bricke batt n comp a piece of a brick; here,
one used as a missile 434/16, 441/27
bridges, briges see satten of bridges
brig n the 'Great Bridge' of Cambridge
485/27
brode adj !. broad, wide 169/24, 169/25;
2. (of sleeves) full: perhaps trunk or
farthingale sleeves ! 27/23; 3. in phr brode
hat a broad-brimmed hat (?) 197/19;
brood...hatt 162/5; 4. in phr broad seale
of England the Great Seal of State, used for
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1337
the most important official documents
297/20
broken pp 1. damaged 843/26; 2. in the
inventory of vestments from which these
examples come, 'broken' and 'broken at
plays," when used of garments, seem to
mean 'remade for use in plays,' but perhaps
in some cases 'damaged, torn at plays' is
meant; broken 152/38, 153/13; brokene
153/9; brokin 153/16, 153/19, 153/26
brokyng pp broken 113/26
brotherne see brethren
broyer n brother 536/13
bruer n brewer 485/4
bryde cake n comp wedding cake; here, a
property in a production of Plautus'
Aulularia 226/5
bryges see satten of bridges
buckeram n buckram: a coarse linen or cotton
textile 161/32, etc; bockram 220/1;
bokeram 127/28, etc; bokerams
180/38; bokram 161/9; buckaram
170/8; buckram 294/11; buckrom
444/9
Buffianisme n (nonce-word) buffoonery
849/21
buffons n p/buffoons: comic actors, clowns
859/24
bull bayters n cornppl bull-baiters: those who
set dogs on a chained or tied bull 400/2
buli-bayting n comp a form of entertainment
in which dogs were set on a chained or tied
bull 395/40, etc; bulbaytings pl 342/35;
bulibaytinges 381/41; bull baytings
357/7-8; see also bayte
bullion adj in n phr bullion paire a pair of
trunk-hose 536/10-11
buiringe n comp bull ring: the place where
bulls were baited (see bayte) 395/9, etc;
bullring 409/2; buliringe 407/21,457/6
bumbard n a low shawm (a musical
instrument of the woodwind family)
216/15
burdes see boordes
burges see satten of bridges
burgesses n pl citizens, freemen of a borough
382/13, 382/31
burnt adj in n phr burnt wine mulled or
scalded wine (?) 633/34, 679/1; burnt
wyne 489/30
buskins n p/boots, usually of a soft material
and reaching no higher than the knee, worn
especially for riding 501/8
busthion n bustian: a coarse fustian (see
fustian) 170/10, etc; buystan 153/15;
busthions pl 170/12
buterflies n pl painted or embroidered
representations of butterflies 153/2;
butterflys 153/4
butler n an official who has charge of the wine
cellar and dispenses drink; in some
Cambridge colleges, butlers seem to have
had broader responsibilities, such as book-
keeping and making payments in
connection with entertainments 560/3,
630/3, etc; buttier 446/16m; butlers pl
257/5
buttes see sackbutt
buttry n buttery: in Cambridge colleges, the
place where food and drink are kept and
dispensed 450/26; buttre 128/4, 128/5;
buttrey 845/28; buttryes pl 218/22
buystan see busthion
by adv nearby, close at hand, present 329/9,
etc; bye 408/6; in phr hard by see hard; by
prep (of agent) by, by means of (usually,
with a past participle understood, as in
'(authorized) by,' '(signed) by') 334/42,
529/16m, etc
byliment n biliment: a decorative border
added to the front of the French hood (see
French hoode), or worn separately, as a
head ornament 186/20; biiliment 160/9;
byilymentes pl 183/1 [see Cunnington,
16th Century]
byii n bill: a tool and weapon consisting of a
blade attached to a long shaft; usually and
properly, one with a simple curved blade,
but also applied to halberds and other long-
handled cutting weapons; byiles pl200/24
1340 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
charefully adv carefully 537/8
chariate n chariot 211/21
chaunceilor n chancellor: the titular head of
the university 395/32, etc; chancellor
231/23, etc; chancellour 356/14, etc;
chancelor 303/36, etc; chancelour 643/26;
chauncder139/35, 291/8; chauncdir
94/1; chauncelor 230/14; chauncelore
230/29; chauncdour 622/16; chavnder
291/12; chawncdlor 140/21; chancellors
poss 602/31, etc; chancellours 606/9;
chancelores 616/17; chauncelours 632/24
chaungeable, chawngeable see changeable
chayer n 1. chair 198/22; 2. as seat of
authority (with reference to Mt 23.2)
875/37
cheif adv chiefly 868/36
cheiste see chiste
cheker adj chequered, of chequered pattern
113/8, 146/22, 146/23; checker work n phr
a chequered pattern 161/3; chekker work
160/25
chenes n pl chains: here, the ornamental
chains worn by the waits as a badge of
office 210/6
Childermase Day n phr Childermas, the feast
of the Holy Innocents (28 December),
commemorating the slaughter of the
children by Herod 202/20
chiste n chest 220/2m; cheiste 222/11, etc;
chistes pl 154/12
chlyster n clyster: enema, medicinal liquid
administered through the rectum 639/31
Christenmas n Christmas 165/24, etc;
Chirstenmas 845/28; Christenmasse
208/40; Christianmesse 188/7, etc;
Christinmas 202/12, etc; Christynmas
159/9, etc; Christomas 187/2, etc;
Christomass 187/36m; Chrystenmas
116/3; Chrystynmas 117/17, etc;
Chrystynmes 117/10; Christenmas
eaven n phr Christmas Eve: the evening,
and hence the day, before Christmas Day
287/15
citron n cittern: a popular stringed
instrument of the Middle Ages and
Renaissance, always played by plucking
with a quill plectrum; citrons pl 694/8
clark of ye kitchen n phr household officer
in charge of the kitchen {.) 513/37
clergie n attr belonging to the clergy, clerical
859/23
clerum n a Latin sermon, preached on certain
occasions at the university 561/16; sermon
ad derum n phr 230/15, 232/34
dinquant n a glittering, tinselled, or spangkd
fabric 536/14
clip v to diminish the weight, and hence the
value, of coins, by paring the edges;
clipped pa 3 sg 875/26
cloaths n pl clothes 695/10
clobbe n club 191/4; doobs p/462/19
cloke n 1. cloak: an over-garment of varying
style and length, hooded or hoodless,
sometimes having sleeves 126/23, etc;
cloak 679/15(2), etc; clok 127/10, 294/11;
clooke 146/26; kloke 197/2; cloaks pl
510/2; dokes 124/17, etc; clookes 454/29;
2. Spanish cloak: a full, short cloak having
a deep, pointed hood, usually ornamental;
Spanish cloke 147/8, 147/9; docke
Spanishe fasshion 219/5; clockes
Spanishe fassion pl 219/1 ; 3. fig as symbols
of non-academic and non-professional
wear; cloaks pl 863/34
close n pl clothes 118/37
close pp closed 219/26
close n an enclosed field or yard 505/27
closet n a small room for privacy or retirement
233/18
cloth n when used without qualification,
woollen cloth of a kind suitable for wearing
apparel, usually of a plain weave 160/17,
171/2, etc; clothe 87/24, etc; clothes pl
(but sg in sense) 123/15, 196/29;
2. qualified uses: cloth of gold a cloth
woven with gold wire or flat strips of the
metal or both; usually woven of silk and
gold, but occasionally of gold only 182/29,
843/13; clothe of gold 169/23, etc; cloth
1342 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
149/3, 634/13; comons 531/3, 531/7;
2. booke of commons n pbr the book in
which were entered the names of the
members of a college and the account of
their rations (now usually called the
buttery book) 282/23, 282/25-6;
3. fellowes commons n pbrpl the rations
served to fellows of a college; in pbr in the
felowes commens (applied to under-
graduates) allowed the same rations as the
fellows, having the status of a fellow
commoner (see fellow commoner) 271/14;
vnder the fellowes commons not allowed
fellows' rations, not ranking as a fellow
commoner 271/24
company n a body of persons combined or
incorporated for some common obiect,
here especially: !. the fellows of a college
137/17, etc; companie 278/37, etc;
companye 134/13, etc; compeny 321/!;
companyes pl 136/26, etc; 2. a party of
players or band of musicians; companie
283/14, etc; company 199/9, etc;
companye 198/35, etc; compeny 92/23,
92/29; cumpany 329/8, etc; cumpanye
328/!1, etc; 3. an assemblage of persons,
especially one accompanying some person
of importance as attendants or retainers;
compaignie ! 77/24, ! 78/20; companie
463/!, etc; company 233/30, etc;
companye 232/30, etc; cumpanye 470/30;
companies pl 342/32; companyes 199/22
compassionated pp regarded or treated with
compassion 639/27
compt n count, as a title, here applied to the
noblemen in attendance on Prince Charles
and the count palatine, perhaps as a
translation of the German title 'Graf'
51 !/39, etc
compurgator n in canon law, a witness
who supports the oath of an accused
person with his own oath, either swearing
to the other's credibility when he purges
himself by oath, or swearing to his
innocence or orthodoxy, so as to clear him
of a charge; compurgators pl 364/33
conceyted pp having wit or intelligence of a
specified kind; in tp phr conceyted with
Iestes able to make jokes, witty 412/30
condicion n !. status, estate, rank 339/34, etc;
2. in a legal instrument, a provision on
which its legal force or effect is made to
depend 404/6, 614/29
condigne adj fitting, appropriate 666/1
conduyte n conduit: here, a watercourse in
a street 425/22
cone n cony, rabbit 127/37
confession n creed 682/!1
confest pp confessed 475/13, etc
confuter n one who confutes, convicts of
error 859/33
congies n pl (sg in senseO a bow, inclination
505/4
congregation n a meeting of the senate of
Cambridge University to transact
university business, such as the conferment
of degrees 356/5, etc; congregacion
507/21, etc
connive v in pbrconnive vnto wink at, look
indulgently at (some offender) 626/6;
connive at 856/11
consistorye n court meeting under a bishop
or his deputy, here applied to a court
meeting under the vice-chancellor or his
deputy 379/2, 492/6
constable n 1. an officer of a parish or
township appointed to act as keeper of the
peace 299/8, etc; constables poss 299/19;
302/19; constablesp1325/30, etc; 2. Highe
Constable an officer of a hundred or other
large administrative district, appointed to
act as keeper of the peace (but .in the
following instances the term may designate
the senior of two town constables) 299/6,
302/7; Hie Constable 304/34-5; Hedd
Constable 303/2; 3. elliptically, for High
Constable (see previous definition) 299/37,
etc
contention n contentation, contentment
643/5
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1345
daylie wayter n phr title of an officer of the
royal household: a gentleman usher of a
particular kind (opposed to a quarter
waiter; see quarter waiters) 539/9, 551/22
dead lift n phr a last resort, a desperate remedy
879/19
deales n pl deal boards: planks or boards of
pine or fir wood 678/3
dealt pp in phr dealt withall asked, requested
(?) 541/4
dean n a fellow of a college, appointed to
supervise the studies and conduct of the
junior members and maintain discipline
among them; deanes poss 431/29; deans pl
469/4
debarred pp prevented, prohibited 332/4,
338/9
debyte n deputy 130/36
decaied pp deteriorated, impaired (here with
reference to morals) 276/18
decay n arrears 633/38
decent adj suitable, seemly 507/27, 612/22;
decently adv suitably 507/38
decerne v decern: discern, see clearly 366/32,
366/38
decones n pl deacons: members of the third
order of the ministry in the Church of
England, ranking below bishops and
priests, who assist priests at public worship
and pastoral duties 123/20; decones poss sg
123/26
decones cote see cote
default n 1. fault, failure 536/19; defaultes pl
289/35; makeing default vb n phr failing
to perform (some legal obligation) 664/30;
2. inphrfor default of for lack of, in the
absence of 539/40
deformed pp ugly, unsightly 378/38
defrayed pp lodged, entertained (at someone
else's expense) 587/22
degree n 1. status, rank 271/9, etc; often
shading into 2. a stage of proficiency in a
course of study, especially an academic
rank conferred by a university as a mark of
proficiency in scholarship 408/9, etc;
degrees p1244/7, etc; 3. in yer degrees prep
phr according to their academic standing
232/26
deliuered v pa 3 sg declared, stated 481/17
delivering prp being delivered, being formally
pronounced 542/5
delucie, delusse see floure de lyses
deponent n one who deposes or gives
testimony under oath 327/34, etc;
deponente 365/41
depose v 1. affirm, testify 136/33; 2. give
evidence under oath in a court of law
430/7, etc; depose v pr 3 pl 433/1 i, etc;
deposeth v pr 3 sg 432/31, etc; deposed pp
425/15, etc
deposition n 1. formal statement 137/1;
2. giving of testimony upon oath in a court
of law, or the testimony so given 425/38,
428/4; deposicion 469/29; deposicions pl
297/37; depositions 324/25
deriued pp transmitted, conveyed 348/38
deske n some kind of seat, perhaps with a rail
and a sloping shelf, like the seats of
choristers and clergy in churches 508/8
desolucion n dissolution, destruction, ruin
277/19
despight n in phr in despight of in scorn of,
in contemptuous defiance of 302/21; in
dispight of 299/2 i
det n debt 282/24
detectid pp accused 289/10
determinacion n the resolving of a question
in a scholastic disputation 508/34, 508/35
determine v resolve a question in a scholastic
disputation; determined pa 3 sg 508/39
dethes n poss Death's (ie, of the play character
Death) 161/15, 220/8
deuise n 1. invention, ingenuity 850/20;
2. trick, stratagem; devise 431/9;
3. conceit, extended figure of speech;
devise 535/19
devise v plan, contrive, think out 276/19,
276/33
dialogue n a literary work (here usually a
play) in the form of a dialogue 193/37;
1346 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
dialoge 109/17; diolog 114/27; diologge
245/17
diet see dyet
differred pp deferred: put off 550/39
dimidium Latin noun meaning one-half;
often used in English accounts, usually in
the abbreviated forms 'di.' and 'dim.'
149/3, etc
dinner n the main meal of the day, eaten, in
the 16th and 17th centuries, about the
middle of the day 231/39, etc; dyner
235/23, etc; dynner 511/23; dinners pl
561/15
dinted v pa 3 sg dented 483/15
diolog, diologge see dialogue
dirige n the first word of the antiphon at
matins in the Latin Office of the Dead,
used as a name for that service 200/37
disanul v disannul: cancel, do away with;
disanulled pp 570/34m; disanulling vb n
626/9
discanted v pa 3 pl decanted; poured
(something to drink from one vessel into
another) 505/20m
discharge n in phr for my discharge in
performance of my duty 134/39; for yowr
discharge 140/36
discharging prp releasing (from a charge, etc)
140/37
discoursers n pl talkers, speakers 515/8
disfaming vb n defaming: bringing into
reproach or disrepute 321/9
disguised pp altered, not natural 854/17
disgysing vb n disguising: masque,
masquerade 36/27, etc; disgisyng 36/26,
etc; disgysynge 64/11, 64/29; dysgysyng
39/10, 46/15; dysgysyngg 39/29;
disgisynges pl 49/11 ; disgysynges 47/10,
etc; disgysyns 63/38
dishonest adj dishonourable, shameful;
perhaps also with implicatmn lewd, filthy
859/24
dispensatory adjin phr lettres dispensatory
document dispensing with, overriding
(specified) laws or rules 507/22
dispight see despight
displeasure n 1. offence, injury 137/7, etc;
2. anger, indignation 599/7; displesure
665/17
disport v amuse, entertain 346/31
disputacions n pl formal academic exercises
in which parties sustain, attack, and defend
a question or thesis 230/4, etc;
disputations 231/39, etc
disputants n p/public debaters: those taking
part in the university disputations (see
disputacions) 244/16, 515/5
dispute v take part in disputations (see
disputacions); disputed v pa 3 sg 244/20;
disputing vb n 244/30
disputors disputants (see disputants) 230/16
disseuered pp severed, divided 139/6
dissolute adj unrestrained 289/37, 292/21;
dissolutely adv unrestrainedly 291/31
dissoluteness n absence of restraint, excess
291/2
distempered pp disordered, out of sorts
998/19
distrain v to seize (some tangible piece of
property) in order to compel a debtor to
pay a debt, or a delinquent to pay a fine;
distrained pa 3 sg 1230/37; distrayned
271/35
distressed pp distrained (see distrain) 271/32
divers adj (sometimes used as n) various,
sundry 155/23, etc; diueres 221/35,
484/21 ; diuers 160/16, etc; diuerse 132/1,
etc; dyuers 181/20, etc; dyuerse 109/19,
etc
dobled, doblet see doublett
docquet n docket: the abstract of the contents
of a proposed letter-patent, written upon
- the king's bill which authorized the
preparation of a such a letter for the Great
Seal, and also copied into a register or
docket-book 399/38m
dodrans Latin for three-quarters; here used
as a term of contempt meaning small,
short, like the modern 'half-pint' 850/2
doe see a doe
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1347
doen pp done 491/36
Dolphin n Dolphin; here, as the name of an
inn 505/14
don adj dun-coloured 170/27, 171/1
dorce n possibly dorse, dosser: an ornamental
backcloth, but more likely an error for
torse, the twisted band by which (in
heraldry) the crest is joined to the helmet
and the mantle held in place 1243/8
dornix n a heavy coarse linen, usually a
furnishing fabric but sometimes used for
garments; so called because it was
originally manufactured at Doornik
(Tournai) in Flanders 113/5, etc
[Cunnington, 17th Century and oEo
Dornick]
dosan n dozen 153/26, 213/37; dosen 498/8,
500/17; dosyn 104/13, 106/36; dossen
226/2
double adv doubly, twice as much 138/36, etc
double hayres see haire
doublett n in the 16th and 17th centuries,
generally a man's garment for the upper
body, always close-fitting but varying in
cut, sometimes having skirts, always
having sleeves (though these were
sometimes detachable), worn over the shirt
(or waistcoat if present); a woman's
doublet was a padded bodice 685/3; dobled
161/15; doblet 126/30, 181/22; dubblett
536/14, 536/24; dublet 129/39; doublettes
pl 124/19, 842/38
doubts v pr 3 sg fears 535/17
dovne adv down 122/15
dowre n door 172/15
draggones npldragons'. 1. painted figures of
dragons 162/9; 2. images of dragons used
as stage properties; draggones 162/20;
dragones 127/33; dragons 843/4
dravevpa 3 sg drove 461/19, 473/16; draue
482/13; drave v pa 3 pl 463/3
dressers n pl those who helped to dress the
actors 679/2
dressing vb n to furbish, make ready 155/41,
etc; dressyng 191/9; dressynge 167/5
droupes v pr 3 sg droops 643/27
drownslat n drumslade: a drum 161/19
dubble beere n phr strong beer, stout 226/5-6
dubblett, dublet see doublett
ducke n duke 604/16
duites n pl duties 315/24
durst v pa 3 sg dared 341/11,470/28; durst
v pa 3 pl 389/29, etc
dute n duty 269/27
dyet n (sometimes used as adl) diet: daily
provision of food, board 489/30, etc; diet
698/30; dyett 534/2
dyner, dynner see dinner
dysgysyng, dysgysyngg see disgysyng
dyuers, dyuerse see divers
ease v refresh, give relief to 243/35
eaven see even
educacion n upbringing 276/7, etc
effectes n pl accomplishments 859/6
egle see sprede
egregiously adv remarkably well, excellently
640/10
eight adj eighth 155/14
either adj each (of two), both 339/16, etc;
ether 325/31, etc; eyther 505/22
election n election of fellows (of a college)
535/8
elector n one of the seven German princes
entitled to take part in the election of the
emperor; here the count palatine of the
Rhine 514/28, 515/31; see also Prince
eles n p/of uncertain meaning: else (?), awls
(?), eels (?) 116/5
ellow adj yellow 219/6
ells adv else 292/36, 682/8; elise 614/36; dies
adj other 200/22
embrodery n embroidery 536/12
embrotheryd pp embroidered 169/25, etc;
embroderd 536/11; embrothered 170/23;
imbrodered 220/12; imbroyderde 123/30
emongest prep amongst 276/31,304/38;
ernonges 845/21
empeache v hinder, prevent 140/33
empechment n hindrance, prevention 290/13
1350 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
Fastingham n Shrove Tuesday 178/38;
Festyngham Twesday 99/33 [OED
Fastingong]
father n 1. in the university, a title given to
the senior member who sponsored a
candidate when he presented himself for a
degree, usually his tutor 508/21, etc; 2. as
a sub-sense of the academic sense
connected with the degree ceremony, the
mock-use of the term in 'saltings' 996/6,
996/30; fathers pl 997/36, 997/41 ;
3. applied to the vice-chancellor of
Cambridge University, as having a fatherly
authority over its members 873/7
fawet n fault 304/31
fawkon see ffalcon
fayer n fair 106/22, etc; fayere 681/31
fayndeth v pr 3 sg finds 471/14
fayne see fain
fayr see faire
fayrly see fairly
feast n a formal banquet, often with
entertainment, marking some special
occasion, such as an anniversary, a fair, or
someone's taking up an office 406/41,
549/38; particularly, the celebration held
by a college to commemorate its founding,
often on the day of its patron saint or other
dedication 187/21, etc; attr in comp feaste
daye 253/12; fest day 187/25
feld v pa 3 pl felled, struck down 462/23;
felledd pp 432/9
fell v pa 3 pl in phr fell off withdrew 378/21
fellow n one of the incorporated members of
a college or collegiate foundation; one of
the company or corporation who, with
their head, constitute a college 155/13, etc;
ffellow 682/26; fellowes pl 288/32, etc;
fellows 108/9, etc; felous 136/37, 137/12;
ffellowes 683/4; fellowes poss 218/21
fellow commoner n comp an undergraduate
in the university, of good birth or ample
means, who had the privilege of dining at
the fellows' table in his college hall instead
of with the other junior members 597/38,
etc; fellow commoners pl 502/14, etc;
fellow comoners 636/17; fellowe
commoners 537/12-13, etc; ffellow
commoners 503/18, etc; ffellow comoners
666/22
fellowes commons, felowes commens see
commons
ferder adj further 131/36
lest day see feast
Festyngham see Fastingham
fetched pp in phr fetched at brought from
177/35, 208/28
fethers n pl in phr lefethers 'the feathers,'
tufts or bunches of hair 151/38
ffalcon n Falcon, as the name of an inn 329/7,
etc; ffalcone 334/14, 334/16; falken
200/30; fawkon 199/35; ffalcon poss
328/12, 334/15; ffawlcon 327/36,
327/39
ffayer n fair 349/28, etc
ffatten in phr drye ffatte dry fat, dry vat: a
cask or barrel to contain dry things 179/40
[OrD Fat sb 3]
ffellow(es) see fellow
ffellow commoners see fellow commoner
ffeys n pl fees 89/11m
ffootemen n pl footmen, servants attending
a rider on foot 224/30, etc; ffootmen
533/23; footemen 526/39
ffreman n a recognized member of a town,
guild, or other corporate body, entitled to
its privileges, usually including the right to
ply a trade; ffremen pl 1009/21
ffreres see blake ffreres
filletted pp (in bookbinding) decorated with
plain lines impressed upon the cover 505/8
finger n as a general measure: the breadth of
a finger; sometimes a definite measure, 3/4
of an inch; fingers p/536/25
finicaldo adj (nonce-word) finical 849/18
firking prp dancing, jigging, frisking about
848/36, 849/18
flagon n a large vessel containing a supply of
drink for use at table 214/35
flange v pa 3 sg flung 386/7
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1351
flatt capp see capp
flote n flute 203/30
floure de lyses n phrplfleurs-de-lis: heraldic
lilies embroidered, figured, etc, on cloth
196/9; flower de luces 314/27; flowere
delusse 154/1; flowre de lys 146/21;
flowres de luces 126/29; flowurs delucie
160/30
flynge prp flinging 446/19; flynge vb n 445/37
fole see syne
foole n 1. performing fool, jester, clown
879/15; fole 202/5; 2. in n comp fooles cote
fool's coat: the motley coat of a buffoon or
fool 127/19, 170/34; folys cote 127/8;
fooles coate 173/35, 681/14; fooles coote
161/3, 161/23; foules coote 148/32; fooles
cootes pl #g in sense) 161/29; fooles cotes
pl 197/19; see also syne
foore sieves see foresleves
footemen see ffootemen
foot pace n comp foot-pace: dais, platform
510/5
for prep with respect to: in phr for bothe
your iurisdiccion with respect to
the jurisdictions of you both
227/35
fore prep before 356/36
fore adj situated in front, often with
opposition to back expressed or implied
690/11, etc
fore gate n comp foregate: front gate 447/8;
foregate 447/13; foregates pl 429/12
fore girt n comp front girder (see girt, ieece)
690/26, etc; foregirts pl 691/9
fore leader n compforeleader: one who leads
the advance, a chief leader 462/13
forell n forel: a case or covering in which a
book or manuscript is kept, or into which
it is sewn 76/9; forels pl 76/9
forenamede pp aforementioned 230/28
forenoone n comp the portion of the day
foresleves n comppl a pair of sleeves, usually
detachable, worn with garments made with
hanging sleeves; the hanging sleeves were
often ornamental and not actually worn
but allowed to hang behind the shoulders
while the fore-sleeves covered the arms
146/35, 196/32; foore sieves 160/14
formall adj exact 643/22
formall adv formally, ceremoniously 504/20
formast adj foremost 474/8
forme n bench; fourme 233/24; formes pl
198/22, etc
forthcoming vb n appearance in court
302/24, etc; forthcomming 300/28;
forthcommyng 300/25
forthincke v forthink: regret, repent of 230/5
fote n foot, as a measure of length: 12 inches
252/5; fote pl 252/4
foules coote see foole
fourme see forme
fourt adj fourth 154/13
fourted vpa I sg 'fourthed': sent as fourth in
a series 536/8
fourtenight n fortnight, period of two weeks
445/24; fourtnight 445/14
lower adj four 519/16, etc
fowrcornar, fowrcorned see capp
frales n pl baskets (?) 163/8 [MED fraiel]
frame n 1. a wooden structure forming part
of a stage set 174/26; 2. scaffolding 530/29;
3. wooden structure supporting the stage
692/39
fraye n fray: disturbance, brawl 469/33
free adjadmitted to the privileges of (a city,
corporation, etc) 382/13
fredome n the rights of a member of a town,
guild, or other corporation, usually
including the right to ply one's trade
1009/22
free-mason n comp stonemason 546/31
French hoode n comp a woman's head dress,
1352 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
shaped curve over the head, and a pleated
or plain curtain of dark material falls on to
the shoulders behind 160/10; Frenche
hode 182/35; Frenche hoode 182/36;
Frenche whoode 186/20; French hoddes
pl 160/8; Frenche woddes 843/25
fretting vb n fitting with frets 1020/1
frocke n probably a loose gown (see gowne)
182/30, etc; frock 186/34; frockes pl
169/28
front n frontal: a movable covering for the
front of an altar, generally of embroidered
cloth, silk, etc 153/13, 153/14
fronter n frontal (see front); fronters pl
842/42
frontlett n 1. a strip of material, fringed on
the lower edge, and hung over the top of
the altar frontal (see front) to hide its
suspension 153/38; fronlet 154/1;
fronletes pl 154/3; 2. an ornamental band
worn on the forehead; fronlett 171/32
fryse adjfrieze: a woollen cloth with a heavy
nap on one side 437/17
furder ad i further 136/34, etc
furder more adz. furthermore 235/22
furderance n furtherance 134/25
Furies n poss Fury's, of a Fury (or other
avenging spirit?) 220/17; Furys 172/6
furniture n hangings, drapery 508/13
furth, furthe see sett
fustian n and adj a fabric of cotton and flax,
or flax mixed with wool, and having a silky
finish; used as a substitute for velvet, and
very popular 146/19, 848/36; fustyan
220/10; fustian of Naples n phr fustian
from Naples; mock velvet 146/16, 146/18;
fustan of Naples 146/14; fustian of napes
146/39; fusthian of Naples 147/10
fylyd pp soiled, dirtied 118/37 [oEt File v 2]
fynd v provide, furnish with 535/22
fynealles n pl finials: slender, upright
ornaments, here placed on the ridge of the
front horn, or both horns, of a mitre 80/14
gaberdine n as a fashionable garment, a
long, loose coat with wide sleeves; as
(primarily) a horseman's coat, an overcoat
of similar cut 196/18, 196/20; gaberdynes
pl 124/20
gadered pp 1. gathered in pleats 126/32;
2. collected gaddert 82/26; gadert 82/29
gaderer n gatherer, money taker at a
performance 521 / 18
gallant ad! and n finely dressed, splendid
859/28; gallants pl men of fashion, fine
gentlemen 539/34
galled pp chafed; hence figuratively vexed
542/28
game n amusement, sport, pastime; gamespl
269/18, etc; in phr played this game well
acted cleverly and prudently in this matter
544/31-2
game pleyars n comp pl presenters of
amusements, sports, or pastimes 114/6
gamyng vb n playing of games 269/19,
269/25
gane, gann see be gane
garde n guard: a band of decorative stuff,
plain or embroidered, used as a border or
sewn on parallel with or covering seams
220/12; gardes pl 123/8; gards 146/27,
etc
garded pp adj trimmed, fitted with a 'guard'
(see garde) 126/18, etc; garde 170/20;
garden 146/15, 147/9; gardid 169/25,
169/31; gardyd 169/24, etc; gardyt
127/10, 189/39; guarded 427/19
gardinge vb n coil the sewing on of 'guards'
(see garde) 208/9
gardyng n garden 159/16
garters n pl bands worn, by both men and
women, to keep up their stockings 536/7,
etc; specially ornamented ones were worn
by the Knights of the Garter as a badge
160/12
gate n gait, way of walking 849/30
gate v pa 3 sg got, obtained 880/1
gatehowse n comp the apartment in or over
the main gate of a city, palace, or college;
often strongly built and hence used as a
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1353
prison, but also as a gatekeeper's lodging
303/41; gate howse 446/29
gatheryng vb n collection (of money at a
performance or observance) 89/33
gatt v pa 3 pl got, ie, came 470/36
geauen see geve
geder see to geder
geiue, geiueinge, geiven see geve
gentle adj !. well bred; gentile 244/20;
2. polite 291/36; gentlye adv politely
232/20; 3. gentley adv peaceably, without
violence 436/5; gently 460/8, etc
gentle-bloods n comp pl persons of gentle
birth 856/19
gentlewemen n comppl gentlewomen, ladies
234/8, 234/23
gere n coll equipment 144/12, etc; ghere
843/26; see also hedd gere and plaing gere
gerkin, gerkyn see Jerkin
germentes n pl garments 186/17
gester see Jester
getted v pa 3 sg ietted: jutted, protruded; or
pp made to jut or project 508/9
geve v give 133/3 !, etc; geiue 56 !/37, 562/9;
geue 588/6; geauen pp 262/9, etc; geiven
562/9; geuen 193/15, etc; geven 139/19,
etc; gevinge 202/13; gevn 337/33; gevne
268/39, etc; gevyn 107/20; geiueinge prp
545/19
ghere see gere
gilted pp gilded: covered with gold leaf or
plating, or worked with gold thread
127/32, etc; gilden 162/4; gilt 146/17,
679/16; in phr hole gilt whole-gilt, gilded
all over ! 75/34; guilded 505/8, 685/5; guilt
505/22, etc; gylded 172/10; gyidyd 171/38
girt n a girder, a beam supporting joists (see
ieece) 689/!, etc; girts p1688/30, etc [OD
Girt sb 2]
gither see to geder
gittern n a stringed instrument first
mentioned in the 13th century but played
throughout the Renaissance: the medieval
ancestor of the guitar; gitterns pl 857/14
[The gittern should not be confused with
the cithron or cittern; see citron and
Munrow on 'cittern', 'gittern']
give back v phr step back, make room; gaue
back pa 453/3; gave backe 434/3; giveing
back prp 433/33
given in ellipticalphr for given for (what was)
given (to someone) 654/20, etc
glase v to fit (a window or other opening)
with glass; glased pp 233/18; glasinge vb
n 21 !/29, 331/25; glaysinge 256/11
glaser n glazier, glass-fitter ! 13/25; glayser
546/29
glewe n glue 527/3
goale n (for 'gaole'?) jail, prison 417/40,
537/24
goeth vpr3 g goes (about), is current 378/10
goldyng adj golden (in colour) 104/13
gonnes n pl guns 199/23, etc; gownes (but
perhaps means "gowns" here) 154/22
goe v in phr goe aboute set about, undertake
396/4; goe about 646/2
goodeman n title given to men of
comparatively humble station 288/15,
288/! 8; goodman 288/! 2, etc; goodmann
288/6
good-feiloed ppl comp acted like a good
fellow, ie, a jovial companion, a fellow
reveller 536/26-7
good wolle n comp goodwill, cheerful
acquiescence; in phr le good wolle of
Thomas Pacoke probably adverbial = 'by
the goodwill,' etc 83/23
goodwyfe n title given to women of
comparatively humble station 425/17, etc;
goodwife 255/3, 425/24; goodwyf 43 !/25;
goody 678/41; goodye 468/5
goody see goodwyfe
goolde n gold 186/19
gooune see gowne
goseled pp guzzled, drunk to excess 536/26
gould n gold 451/13, etc
goven pp given 87/31, etc; govyn 98/4, etc
gowne n !. a garment worn by both sexes,
hanging from the shoulders but before
1600 often girt at the waist, and usually
1358 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
howse 132/4; mighell howse 132/9; 3. the
Senate House of Cambridge University,
considered as either a place or a body;
house 51 I/4, etc; 4. the town council of
Cambridge house 176/38; 5. same as
stagehouse 678/4; 6. wooden structures
forming part of a stage; howses pl 198/23,
500/20; the side chapels of King's College
chapel in Cambridge, put to the same use
234/5
howbeit adv nevertheless 292/37
howde wyer n comp hoodwire: a wire for
stiffening a hood or head dress 842/II
howess n pl bows, ie, small hills or artificial
mounds; here a site by the Huntingdon
Road about a mile northwest of the centre
of Cambridge, whose name is preserved in
the modern House Lane 292/16; howse
291/22; in phr howis greene 'Hows Green'
491/10
howhmonday see Hockmunday
howpes n pl hoops 180/1
howse see house
howted pp hooted, driven out 849/12
hoyse see hose
huddes see hoode
humane adj courteous, civilized 701/33
humanity n civility, good breeding, obliging
disposition 858/9
humour n 1. mood, disposition 855/14, etc;
humor 286/21, 847/6; 2. in pl humors
whims, propensities 847/32
hurlie burlie n quasi-comp hurly-burly:
tumult, affray, commotion 481/27-8;
hurley burley 1230/36; hurlye burley
390/16
hy(e) see high
hyme pron him 201/2
hypotheticke adj involving an hypothesis or
condition 854/9
hys see his
hyt pron it 82/30
iacke n 1. a jacket, especially one made of
leather, or strengthened with metal plates,
to guard the wearer against blows 191/1
(?), 220/24, etc; iackes p1197/26, etc; iacks
485/2; 2. a leather jug or tankard full of
liquor (?) or a joint of mutton or other meat
(?) 191/1 (?) [o/D Jack sb 2]
iackettes n iv/jackets: short close-fitting upper
garments 124/18
iauelin n javelin: a kind of spear; iauelinslv/
501/3, 501/5
iealous adj solicitous, anxious 644/26
ieece n joist, supporting timber 689/34, etc;
ieece pl 691/30, etc; iests 499/9
ierkin n jerkin: a close-fitting full-skirted
men's jacket, worn over the doublet
126/10, etc; gerkin 294/14; gerkyn
181/I 3, 294/15; ierken 160/28, etc; ierkyn
123/11,197/I ; iyrkyn 170/2, etc; gerkyns
pl 181/14; gyrkyns 170/10; ierkenes
161/28; ierkyns 124/18
iester n jester: a professional buffoon and
amusement maker, especially one
maintained in a royal or noble household
163/40, 609/15; gester 129/21, 184/23
iests see ieece
iette v 'jet': strut, swagger 279/32
iewelles n pl ornaments; here, as
appurtenances of office 206/13
iigge n jig: a song and accompanying dance,
often semi-dramatic, usually lively and
comical, and not seldom scurrilous,
commonly given at the end of a play 880/22
lie v phr I'11, I will 846/28, 849/16
ill adj bad 300/34, 638/6; adv badly 286/23,
etc
ill fac't adj comp ill-faced, ugly 857/18
imageri n 'imagery': figures woven,
embroidered, etc, on cloth; here, cloth so
ornamented 153/14; ymagiri 153/38
imbassidores n pl ambassadors 583/18
imbrodered, imbroyderde see embrotheryd
immiche n image, statue 843/41
immodest adj rude, indecorous 620/40, etc;
immodestly adv 409/22
impotensy n disability 613/27
imposed pp imputed (falsely?) 874/14
1362 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
lewdnes n rudeness, vulgarity, wickedness
276/24, etc; lewdenesse 139/8
leysour n leisure 135/32
lez see le
lians n pl lions (ornamentally worked in fabric
or metal) 175/37; liens 153/21 ; lyon sg (but
pl in sense) 154/1
liberall see aduantage
liberties n pl a district exempt from the usual
authority; particularly, the territory of a
borough, as exempt from the jurisdiction
of the sheriff of the surrounding county;
Cambridge University had jurisdiction
within its own liberties 297/22, 545/18;
libertyes 572/4, 647/25
licke pron like 270/6, 270/35
lickwyse adv likewise 272/1
lieger-jests n phrpl'ledger-jests': stock jokes
377/34
liev 1. lie; lieng prp 123/3, etc; lienge 127/14;
2. lodge, spend the night; laye pa 3 sg
346/5; lay pa 3 pl 540/12
liens see lians
light v alight; lighted pa 3 sg 453/6; lighting
prp 505/32; see also lyte
light adj frivolous, of small account 276/14,
276/18
lightlywode n likelihood 135/30
lightness n carelessness 135/3
lik adj like 147/11 ; likes (error?) 127/4
likewaies adv likewise, in the same way
309/33
limmes n pl limbs 859/23
lincke, linke see lynke
lithernes n laziness 536/25
liuelesse adj lifeless 854/21
livery n a distinctive suit of clothes, given by
a magnate or corporate body to a retainer
(such as a town wait) as a mark of office and
part payment for his services 560/32, etc;
lefferey 99/37; levery 581/25; liuerie
602/4; liuery 585/22, 597/4; liuerye
629/15; iyuere 87/24, etc; lyverie 266/22;
leveris pl 114/33; leveryes 490/30;
liuerries 556/22; liuerys 96/11 ; liveres
184/19; liveries 192/27, etc; liveryes
308/17, etc; lyueres 103/24, etc; lyuereys
98/8, 116/11 ; lyveres 154/31, 176/16;
lyveries 257/18, 259/4; lyveris 89/14;
lyveryes 119/4, etc; lyvyries 143/37
Ioen n loin 281/16; lones pl 165/34
loggattes n pl loggats: a traditional game, in
which the players vied at throwing wooden
balls, fitted with handles, as near as
possible to a fixed stake 571/18; loggetes
395/42, 645/40
longinge prp belonging 153/1
loode n load 433/1
loolye adv lowly, humbly 233/7
loose v lose 622/26, 701/3
ioosers n pl losers 550/28
lord n one appointed to oversee Christmas
revels 82/28, etc; lorde 117/10, etc; lordes
pl 177/29; in phr lord of misrule 321/7;
lorde of mysrule 117/24; lords of misrule
486/28; see also emperor and magistrate
lord of ye tapps, lord tapps see tapps
lose adj loose 201/40
lottery n an arrangement for distributing
prizes by chance among purchasers of
tickets, usually intended to raise money
either for the promoters or for some
worthy cause 321/7; lotterye 436/35
lowe adj trivial, trifling 139/34
lumber n disused pieces of furniture, etc,
taking up room; useless odds and ends
203/34
lute n a stringed musical instrument
resembling a guitar; attr 369/11, etc
luter n lute player 125/6; possibly an
occupational surname 32/3, etc
ly see le
lynke n link: a wooden staff or baton,
intended for use as a torch but apparently
also used by stage ushers for crowd control
427/3, etc; linke 453/5, 476/29; lynck
476/35; lyncke 183/13, 439/26; lynk
463/14; linkes pl 437/32; links 607/22;
lynckes 183/11 ; lynkes 115/38, etc; lynks
426/17, etc
1364 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
markes p1693/14; marks 692/I I ; 3. a cross
or monogram written in lieu of one's name;
mark 453/30; marke 698/11; 4. a
monetary unit, equal to 13s 4d; markes pl
246/30
markev I. note 119/I, 139/16; marked pp
120/4; 2. identify by affixing a visible sign;
markd pp 688/28, etc; marked 688/40
marmaled n marmalade 150/30
marquesse n marquess, a nobleman ranking
between a duke and an earl 173/1,573/28;
marquys poss I 1 I/3; see also Patrons and
Travelling Companies under Marquys
marshall n I. a high-ranking military officer
512/10; high marshall n phr 512/3; 2. an
officer charged with arranging ceremonies;
knight marshall 533/36; marshalles poss
226/12; marshalls pl 534/6
martialled ppl adj marshalled 537/9
master n I. an employer 334/2, etc; masters
poss 365/40, 366/15; 2. the head of a
company or troupe 611/7, 612/29; masters
pl 376/37; 3. the head of a college or hall
in the university 133/29, etc; maister
215/36, etc; masteres poss 127/14, etc;
masters 123/3, etc; masters pl 135/7, etc;
4. an organizer or overseer; masters pl
270/28; 5. a master of arts (see 8. below);
maister 858/36; masters pl 571/6;
6. possessor, owner; maister 859/4; 7. title
of respect given to dignitaries and master
craftsmen 138/23, etc; maister 110/29, etc;
mayster 842/10; masteres pl 225/15;
masters 256/30; 8. in phr master of arte
a university graduate holding the second or
senior degree in the faculty of arts, and
thereby having a vote in the university
senate 297/37, 297/38-9; mayster of arte
288/32; Master of Artes 435/35, etc;
Master of Arts 428/30, etc; maysters of
Arte p1289/14; masters of Artes 432/32,
etc; masters of Arts 411/14, etc; 9. inphr
Master of the Requestes one of the leading
officers of a court set up to redress petitions
sent to the sovereign 232/22; I0. in phr
Masters of the Chancery pl senior officials
in the lord chancellor's court 286/8
mastrys see mistris
matriculated pp registered as a student in the
university 854/7
matier n matter 93/40, etc; mattier 134/21,
137/5; mattyer 134/17; matiers pl 133/36
mayd v pa 3 pl made 183/27; pp 108/12
maze see mace
meanes n p/I. the measures by which a result
is achieved 139/19, etc; means 573/10,
848/13; hence 2. stratagems, tricks 139/25,
396/16, 400/2
meaning n intention 541/10
mease n mess, portion of food intended to
serve four people 169/4, etc
measure n in phr in any measure to any
degree, at all 701/26
meat n food (not necessarily flesh) 202/31,
etc; meate 225/25, etc; meatt 321/33,
323/25; mete 167/35
median adj medium: of paper, of a size
halfway between demy and royal 180/18
mediocrity n I. moderate or limited talent
534/26; 2. moderation; mediocritie 622/16
meerly adv purely, altogether 536/19
meery adj merry 338/32
meete adj fitting, suitable 155/27, etc; meet
857/20; mete 227/28, etc; merest superl
227/31; metelye adv appropriately,
decorously 235/3
memorie n memorial, record 120/6; in phr in
our memorye as long as we are
remembered 270/12
mend v repair 409/I, 676/32; mende 284/33,
456/31m; mending prp 318/17; mending
vb n 99/27, etc; mendinge 172/34, etc;
mendyng 115/35, etc; mendynge 206/11
men(n)(e) see man
menns see a menns
menyvere n miniver, a kind of fur 80/2
mercenary adj hired, working for wages
859/36
merelie adv merrily 119/38
mervelous adj marvellous 139/5, 139/19
1366 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
suggestion 426/29; 3. proposal 541/13;
4. puppet play 487/18
tootle adj motley, variegated 202/2
mowe z, pr3 pl make mouths, grimace 876/4
moyer n mother 536/6, 536/33
mulct n fine 410/4,410/8; mulctesp1271/25,
etc
murrey n mulberry colour 294/19; murry
314/29
musicke n a band of musicians 498/26, etc;
musick 530/3 (?), 530/4, etc; musique
698/11
musitian n musician 352/10, etc; musician
273/33, etc; musicion 306/21, etc;
musicon 668/29,669/I 3; musition 254/5,
etc; mussission 610/29; musicans pl
595/16, 653/35; musichians 557/37;
musicianes 307/16; musicians 371/19, etc;
musiconers 614/19; musicions 278/20,
etc; musicons 380/35, 384/10; musitians
287/9, etc; musitioners 406/41, 519/22;
musitiones 263/4, etc; musitions 273/4,
etc; muzitions 619/32, etc; musitians pl
poss 265/22, etc; musitions 647/34;
musition's 353/11
musters n pl assemblings of able bodied men
to show that they had the weapons
required by law and knew how to use them
664/30
mydl n middle 233/22; mydle 233/15,
233/19
mydsommer see midsomer
mynde n 1. intention, preference 133/29, etc:
mind 541/13; minde 573/34; myndes pl
269/20; 2. memory; mind 516/1; in phr
time out of minde for longer than anyone
can remember 545/10; tyme out of mynde
561/33; tyme owt of mynde 309/30;
3. opinion, way of thinking 277/13
mynde v 1. intend;pr I sg 133/35; myndyng
prp235/22; 2. incline; myndedpp276/19;
in cornp tyrannous minded inclined to
tyranny 847/31-2
mynstrell n minstrel: a professional
entertainer using music, singing, story
telling, juggling, etc 110/37, etc;
minstreles pl 215/32; m instrelles 87/31,
89/17; minstrels 279/33; mynstralles
103/28; mynstreles 184/14; mynstrelles
92/34, etc; mynstrels 104/41
myslycke see mislike
mysrule see lord
myste n mist, light fog 199/3
myter see miter
napes, Naples see fustian
neck n in phr in the neck of this right after
this 642/12
neede n in phr for a neede if necessary 334/4
neght n night 82/31, etc; neghtes p/82/30
neighbower n neighbour 291/35, 292/1;
neghtbowre 83/20; neyghbower 291/21
neiyer adv neither, nor 536/27, 536/28
neste n set 203/33
netled v pa 3 sg nettled, vexed 542/26
newyers day n phr New Year's Day 183/11,
199/25; new yers day 183/28
neyghbower see neighbower
nice adj mincing 849/30
night n (with the names of church feasts and
fasts) the night before a holy day:
Ashwenesdaye night the night between
Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday
461/40; candlemas night the night of
1 February 183/13; Candlemisse night
548/22; sanct lohns night the night of
23 June 143/31
nimiety n excess, intemperance 998/21
ninehoales n pl a game in which the players
try to roll small balls into nine holes, each
with a separate scoring value, made in the
ground or on a board, or through nine
arches 571/18; nine-hoals 357/8;
nyneholes 395/42, 645/40
noble n an English gold coin, first minted by
Edward Ill; in 1542, it was worth 10s;
nobles 134/13
noche n ouch, brooch 80/4
noder see nother
nominated pp named 484/17
non graduate adj and n comp undergraduate:
applied to a university student who has not
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1367
yet taken a degree 410/8; non graduat
411/26; non graduates pl 412/2
non-regent adjand n applied to a master of
arts of five years' standing or more, no
longer obliged to preside over disputations
in the schools 503/! 4, etc; non regentes pl
636/30; non regents 504/21, etc; see also
regent
norture see nurture
nosell n nozzle, ie, a socket (for a candle or
other light) 21 !/23
nother quasi-pron in phr a nother another
146/23, etc; a noder 83/18; a noyer
199/35
notize n notice, warning 309/34
nought n figure O, zero 135/31
nought adv wickedly ! 38/3 !
nout adv not 83/19
nowne adiectiue n phr adjective, word
standing for the name of an attribute
850/2 !
noyer see nother
noyse n band of musicians 329/9, etc
nurture n upbringing, training 348/34;
norture 276/6
obscene adj disgusting (but not necessarily
lewd) 643/24
occasion n !. cause, incitement 136/3, etc;
occacion 297/29, 382/15; occasyon
362/39, 439/35; occacions pl 297/17;
occasions 140/33, etc; occations 395/28;
2. occurrence 347/38; 3. time; occasion
346/14; occasions pl 864/35; 4. piece of
business 23 !/40
occasioned v pa 3 pl caused, incited 426/1, etc
occupied pp employed 163/!, 191/30, etc
occupiers n pl residents 310/2
occurrents n pl happenings, events 875/24
ockystewysday see Hocktewsdaye
ocupye v use 254/19
office n !. service 573/30; 2. duty 133/35,
140/2; 3. place or post 289/9, etc; offyce
! 76/32,339/35; offyces pl ! 76/3 !, 176/37;
4. department of the royal household, in
phr Office of the Roabes branch of the
household caring for the sovereign's robes
of state and those of the retinue 355/18; see
also robes
Okemonday see Hockmunday
ondoyng vb n undoing, destruction
269/22
one prep on 373/26, etc
onlawfull adj unlawful 269/19
onlawfullnes n unlawfulness 269/25
ons pron poss one's 464/30
onspoken ppl adj unspoken 136/36
onward adv in time, eventually 642/5
oon pron one, a certain 140/22
oonles conj unless 139/24
oonly adv only 135/23, 136/9
opoynte v appoint 271/27; opoynted pp
234/29
opposite adj hostile 550/30
orator n !. an officer of the university,
appointed to make public speeches, write
official letters, introduce candidates for
certain degrees, and perform other similar
duties 356/4, etc; orattor 510/40;
Publique Oratour 244/2; 2. suppliant;
oratores pl 341/35
ordering vb n preparing 527/9
orderly adj conformable to established order
or rule 247/22
ordinarily adv customarily, habitually
348/39
orgins n pl organs 660/17
or...or conj either...or 471/2
orphas n iv/orphreys: ornamental bands or
borders on church vestments, often richly
embroidered ! 81/20
ost see host
ostell see hostle
ol3er adj other 89/29
ouer bodi(e) see bodie
ouerplus see overplus
ouersight n supervision 373/38, 858/34
ought times adv phr oft times, often 856/33
ould adj old, ie, notable, plentiful 445/6
oure adv over ! 19/15
out prep used where modern idiom requires
'out of' 434/6, etc
1368 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
overplus n surplus 318/10; ouerplus 550/21
over watched pp exhausted, worn out 235/20
owldadj 1. old 127/17, etc; 2. owld madppl
comp'old-made,'ie, old-fashioned 161/30
oyer pron andadj other I 11/38, etc; oyers pl
536/8
packthred n packthread, stout thread like that
used to sew or tie up packs or bundles
500/18; packthrede 208/31; pacthred
498/30; pakethreid 122/20; pakthrede
162/30
padd horse n comp 'pad': an easy-paced horse
for riding roads and tracks 533/26
page n 1. an attendant on a person of rank
543/30; pl in phr Gentlemen Pages 513/25;
2. Pages of Honnor youths of gentle birth
serving as pages to learn court ways 513/18
pace n course, way 875/35
paiar n pair 126/18, etc
paid home pp phr revenged (the usual
meaning is 'punished, paid out'; perhaps
the syntax is confused here) 445/9
paine n 1. penalty 586/13, 586/28; payne
233/11, etc; 2. effort, exertion; paines pl
178/13, etc;pains 173/28, 701/30; paynes
274/22
paines n pl panes (of glass) 252/27, 265/40
painfull ad/willing to take pains, assiduous,
diligent 855/34
pakethreid, pakthrede see packthred
pale n vertical stripe or band in the middle of
a shield (heraldic term) 1243/7; see also
parte
Pal(I)atine see Count Palatine
Palsgraue n the Count Palatine of the Rhine
492/30, etc; Palsgrave 507/16; Palsgraues
poss 501/34
parted pp made of or decorated with long
ribbon-like strips of material set close and
parallel, sometimes slashed to show puffs
(see puffs) beneath 153/33; panyde 153/22
panes taking vb n taking pains, doing careful
work 417/4-5
Pantaloun n a comic character: the butt of the
clown's jokes, and sometimes his assistant
855/20
panted pp painted 220/1
pantoffles n pl overshoes covering the toe
only; in the second half of the 16th
century, these often had cork soles and
high cork heels; they also came to be made
of rich materials and were worn indoors as
slippers 849/30
panyde see paned
papaly proper n (?) 498/25; see endnote
paper n a sheet of music (?) 1019/10
parantes see parrantes
parasite n a stock character in comedies, a
toady who attaches himself to a wealthier
man and lives at his expense 672/37,
843/38; parasites poss 223/31, etc
parcell n 1. part, portion 692/15; 2. bundle
or set; parcels pl 189/36
parceyuid v pa 1 sg perceived 137/3
parld v pa 3 pl talked 463/17
parrantes n pl apparels: pieces of coloured
cloth, often embroidered, attached to an
amice and sometimes also to the skirt of an
alb, and changed to match the church feast
or season 153/7, 154/4; parantes 154/4
parrych n parish 82/29
parte adj 1. party, ie, divided: in p/)r parte
per pale evenly divided lengthwise
(heraldic term) 1243/7; 2. 'party': parti-
coloured, variegated; partie 196/10
parted pp 'party': parti-coloured 219/8
partie n 1. part (of a garment) 196/6; 2. role
(in a play); parties pl 94/2
parts n pl abilities, talents 543/12, 855/35; in
phr of parts gifted, talented 855/39
pasquilles n pl scurrilous writings, squibs
876/23
past n pasteboard 127/36, etc; paste 127/35,
171/38; a ttr in pt)r past h attes 162/14; see
also pastbord
pastbord n pasteboard: a stiff, firm substance
made by pasting together, compressing,
and rolling, three or more sheets of paper
162/11; past boordes pl 158/19
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1369
pastime n diversion, amusement; pastimes pl
270/23, etc; hence, a diverting or amusing
performance 298/22, etc
pastorall n a play portraying idyllic rural life
509/29, etc; attr 500/20; pasteral1527/12;
pastoral 514/16, 622/31 ; pastorals pl
853/42
pattents n pl open letters from the sovereign
or some other authority, ordering
something to be done, conferring rights
and privileges, or recording an agreement
665/7; lettres pattents n phr 665/10, etc
Paules n poss St Paul's Cathedral, London
650/9; Pawles 574/6; in phr St Paules
church 648/7-8m
paved pp in phr paved out laid out as
pavement 445/27
pawle n pall, a rich cloth used as a cover,
canopy, or hanging 124/4
payar n pair 126/16; payer 124/21, etc
paynes n pl panes (of glass) 175/25
peace n 1. public order 269/24, etc; peaxe
270/27; 2. in phr hold her peace keep
silence 642/25-6; see also iustice
pecked ppl adj peaked ; in phr pecked hattes
hats with one or more conical points
197/20
pedante n pedant 876/40 [OED Pedant and
Pedante]
pedanteria n teaching (as a profession) 855/18
peecedpppieced, ie, made to come apart and
fit together again 693/8
peekes n pl points 146/13
pelting ppl adj paltry, mean 997/18
penitencie n penitence, repentance 288/39
pensionary n a residence for pensioners, ie,
undergraduates of a college who had to pay
for their room and board 485/19
pere n pair 104/5
perfite adj perfect 119/20
persers n pl piercers, ie, tools for making
holes 203/32
person n in phr of person in bodily figure
155/25, 244/22
personate v imitate, mimic, especially in a
theatrical performance; personated pa 3 pl
849/31; pp 377/34; personating 859/36
phisick n medicine 868/38
pickadilly n in the 17th century, an upright
stiffened frame attached to the back of the
doublet collar and edged with tabs turned
out horizontally to support the ruff 673/2,
673/12 [Cunnington, 17th Century]
pitch v I. fall heavily; pich't pa 3 sg 639/25;
2. in phr pitch upon settle on, choose;
pitched upon pa 3 sg 855/38; pp 543/I 1
pitt coale n compcoal mined from the ground
527/21, etc; cf sea coale
placet n 'placet': assent, consent 511/I0
plae(s) see play
plaer(e)s see player
plage n a deadly epidemic disease, the
bubonic plague or Black Death 199/4, etc;
plague 276/25, 340/26; plague-time cornp
time of the plague 641/39-642/1
plageary n plagiary, plagiarist 286/14
plaiar(e)s, plaier see player
plaid(e), plaie see play and playe
plaing gere n comp playing gear, costumes
and properties for acting 99/27, etc;
playng gere 169/19, 189/36; playenge
gere 190/11
plais see play
plaited pp pleated 160/40
plaites n pl 1. pleats 126/32, 196/14; see also
playtes 2. plates, sheets (of metal), or
plates (for food) 185/7; see also plate
plasse n place 83/19
plate n metal beaten out 191/3; platt 121/12;
see also cote, plaites
play n 1. performance, usually but not
necessarily dramatic 92/23, etc; plae
165/24; plaie 166/4, etc; playe 107/3, etc;
pley 144/18, etc; pleye 230/36; plaes pl
165/26; plaies 118/31, etc; plais 132/5, etc;
playes 109/19; plays 108/13; 2. recreation,
pastime 514/18; 3. jest, sport; playe 140/28
playe v 1. perform a dramatic piece 247/17,
etc; plaie 322/10 (?); play 92/24, etc; plaid
pa 3 sg 319/28 (?); plaied 134/9; playd
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1371
Portlatin(e), Portlattin, Portlatyn (daye) see
lohn Port lattin
poticarie n apothecary, ie, dispensing
chemist, druggist 177/35; poticary 354/3;
see also appothocarye
pot poets n p/verse writers fond of tippling
(perhaps suggesting that they could
compose only when drunk) 851/16
pouled pp polled, ie, clipped, cropped 379/1
powdred pp powdered, ie, sprinkled,
decorated with identical small devices at
frequent and regular intervals 152/36, etc;
powdrede 153/4, 153/33
pownced pp in the 16th century, 'pounced'
garments were those decorated with a
symmetrical pattern of tiny slits 126/20,
etc; pownsced out 171/31 ; pownsed
196/27, 197/18
practise n practical experience or
acquaintance 850/18
practize v practise 291/27; practized pa 3 sg
291/33; practized pp 270/25, 292/26
praesenes n presence 622/15
praye v entreat, beseech 133/32, etc; pray
227/37, etc; praing prp 304/37; praying
227/29
preasse see press
precedent adj preceding, previous 92/35,
94/2; president 98/8; presydent 98/6,
110/32
preferment n 1. advancement 543/22; 2. an
appointment or post giving advantages
286/24
preferred pp 1. advanced, put forward 544/7;
2. presented, brought formally to the
notice of an authority 382/21
pregnant adj weighty, cogent 587/32
premisses n iv/aforesaid (statements, etc)
277/26
present v bring (a fact, complaint, or accused
person) before a court or other authority
-363/15
presently adv 1. immediately 379/1, etc;
presentlye 572/1 ; 2. at present; presentlie
347/14
president n 1. at Queens' College, the head,
equivalent to the master at other colleges
(see L praeses); 2. at other colleges, one
of the fellows, acting as a deputy to the
master 133/29, etc; presedent 553/30;
presidente 482/10; presydent 220/36;
presidents poss 516/35; presidentes pl
135/7, etc; presidents 666/10; prisidentes
135/37; 3. a governor of a town; president
512/11
president n precedent 289/37
press n 1. crowd, packed throng 505/26;
preasse 644/12; presse 433/18, 439/19;
2. cupboard 695/1 O; presse 203/23; see also
press banters
presse v 1. crowd, stand near, push forward
460/30, 473/1 O; pressed pa 3 sg 289/13, etc;
prest 472/32; preste 463/9; pressinge prp
460/7, etc; pressing 462/1 O; 2. urge, insist;
pressed pa 3 p13 78/12 ; pressed pp 550/15;
3. impress, imprint; pressed pp 506/35
press banters n comp pl press haunters,
frequenters of printing offices 851/16
pretence n claim, excuse (usually but not
necessarily implying falsehood) 137/22,
etc; pretense 135/28, 137/16
pretend v claim, maintain, allege (not
necessarily falsely) pretendes pr 3 sg
644/22 ; pretendeth 291/27; pretended pp
464/20; pretending prp 668/26;
pretendinge refl 342/23
pretenders n pl claimants (not necessarily
false) 862/31
preter n praeter: a payment or allowance
beyond what is customary or stipulated
192/14, etc; pretor 516/35, 672/22
pretermitted pp discontinued 139/22
pretty adj 1. pleasing, amusing, diverting
540/18, etc; pretie 848/6; 2. considerable,
fair; prettie 366/20
prevent v forestall 395/28; preuent 645/26;
prevented pp 341/28, 570/34m
prince n 1. head of state, ruler, monarch
135/23, etc; 2. (usually Prince) monarch's
eldest living son, heir to throne; here,
1372 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
usually Charles, son of James ,, later King
Charles 501/25, etc; prynce 119/6;
princes poss 422/9, etc; prynces 115/7, etc;
3. (usually Prince) short title for the Prince
Elector (see 5. below) 663/14, etc; 4. in pl
the king's son and son-in-law, the Prince
of Wales and count palatine; princes
493/9, etc; princes poss p1494/19, 504/32,
etc; 5. in phr Prince Elector Charles Louis,
the heir or claimant to the county palatine
of the Rhine 661/5, etc; Prince Electors
poss 663/3; Prince Palatine properly the
prince elector; prince Palatines poss
661/24; but erroneously used of Frederick
v, the count palatine (see Count Palatine);
Prince Palatines poss 511/36; Prince of
Wales the son and heir of the king of
England; here Charles, son of Charles ,
later King Charles n 701/3
prinkum prankum n comp a round dance in
which women and men alternately knelt on
a cushion to be kissed, a cushion dance
879/31
prisidentes see president
priswade v persuade, lead (people) to do
541/14
priuely adv privily, secretly 289/17
priviledg n privilege: a charter or a patent
granting privileges 297/24
priuiledged ppl adj entitled to the privileges
of a member or servant of the university,
such as exemption from normal legal
jurisdiction 409/29
privy adj private 429/11 ; in phr priuie
Chamber originally, the sovereign's or
consort's private apartment; hence, his or
her household 'above stairs' 345/27-8;
priuie Councell privy council, the
sovereign's private council of state 664/39;
priuie Counsell 347/31,348/13; priuy
Counsayll 512/5, 512/7; priuy Cownsell
340/31 ; privie Councell 297/16, 378/2;
privy Counsayll 512/3; pryvie Counsell
325/38; pryvie Cownsel1326/2, etc; pryvy
Cownsel1339/26-7, etc; Lord Privy Seale
keeper of the smaller seal of state, which
originally travelled with the king 645/5;
Privy Seal 643/36; Lorde pryvye seales
poss 130/24
proceed v advance to a degree in the
university 667/39; proceeded pa 3 sg
858/36
procreation n production of offspring by
sexual intercourse; but apparently with
pun intended on 'procuration,' provision
of necessary hospitality and entertainment
to one entitled to it by right 870/26
proctor n one of two elected representatives
of the masters of arts in a university,
exercising judicial and legislative functions
and discipline over the junior members
221/23, etc; proctors pl 232/19, etc
procure v 1. arrange for 276/33, etc; 2. urge;
procured pp 400/6
prodigious adj amazing, monstrous 643/16
produce v bring forward to give evidence in
a court of law 426/24, etc; produced pp
430/20
professor n an instructor of the highest rank
in a university, holding an endowed chair;
in phr Margaret Professor holder of a
chair of divinity endowed by Lady
Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry vn
855/35-6
progresse n a state journey made by the
sovereign or some other magnate 227/26
prologue n speaker of the opening speech of
a dramatic performance; prologe 186/30,
186/35; prologes poss 190/14
proper adj 1. excellent, capital (but often used
ironically) 552/16, 846/20; 2. characteristic
599/7
propernesse n comeliness, elegance 244/22
protasis n the opening part of a play, in which
the characters are introduced and the
subject entered on 119/34
provost n title given to the head of King's
College, Cambridge 243/37, 506/28;
provos 233/29; provostes poss 507/7
publique adj pertaining to the whole
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1373
university, as against a particular college
410/1, etc; public 411/21; publick 543/5;
publike 620/30; in phr Publique Oratour
see orator; publique schooles see schooles
publish v 1. exhibit publicly 396/4, etc;
publishe 570/33; 2. proclaim or display
publicly; published pp 511/9, etc;
publisshed 410/36
puffs n pl the decorative swellings produced
by pulling an under-layer of material out
through slashes or partly open seams in the
upper layer 440/11; puffes 440/8
puppett playe n comp a play acted with
puppets 487/18; puppet playesp1521/19;
puppett plays 487/9
puppitt player n comp one who manages or
stages a puppet play 521/19m; puppit
players pl 400/2
pure adj true, genuine 612/5
purge v clear, exculpate 136/14
puritan n member of a church party opposed
to all teaching and practice not clearly
supported by a strict interpretation of
scripture, and to all merrymaking that
might conceivably lead to intemperance or
immoral conduct 588/13; purytan 589/6;
puritans pl 641/26, etc
purple n properly crimson; purpul1202/3; but
used of the scarlet coiour of university
doctors' dress robes 857/7
purvior n purveyor: one who secures a
supply of a commodity for the royal
household at a fixed price 533/6
pusled pp puzzled 587/10
pynnys n pl pins 842/11
quallity n 1. rank, social standing 412/12,
667/4; qualitie 503/38, 637/8; quality
543/9, 621/3; quallityes pl 542/13;
2. abilities, attainments; qualities p1140/2;
3. character, role 515/28
quarrelles n pl small panes of glass, usually
diamond-shaped, used in lattice work
248/16, etc; quarelles 252/6; quarels
266/2; quarles 353/35; quarrells 545/8
quarter n 1. one of four fixed divisions of the
year, for which rents were commonly paid
and accounts settled 282/23, etc; in phr
quarter dayes the days beginning the
quarters 612/19; 2. a fourth part of some
unit of measurement, eg, yards of cloth
97/4, etc; quarters pl 226/37
quartermaster n officer charged with finding
lodging and provisions for a retinue 513/35
quarter waiters n comp pl an inferior order
of gentlemen ushers who attended the
sovereign for a quarter of a year at a time
533/14
quartridg n quarterage, ie, wages for one
quarter of the year 1017/14
quayffes see coif
queanes n poss queen's 234/21
Queenes daie n phr 17 November,
anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth ,,
kept as a day of public rejoicing 278/20,
etc; Queenes day 321/27; Queens day
356/36
queer n choir: the chancel of a church or
chapel, or the part of it where the choir was
placed 233/19, 233/30; queere 234/20
questions n pl points to be investigated or
discussed in a scholastic disputation
508/30, etc
questmen n pl parish officers elected to assist
the churchwardens in both their church
and their civil duties 363/14
quibling pp quibbling: resorting to ingenious
reasoning of doubtful validity 857/9
qui qua: codshead n phr a dunce ignorant of
the rudiments of Latin grammar 849/2
[blend of'qui, quae, quod,' nora sg forms
of the Latin relative pronoun, and OED
Cod's-head 2]
quirister n chorister, professional singing
boy 490/8, 497/11
quishions see quoysshen
quitt v re)q acquit, behave 514/38
quoygeil see cudgell
quoysshen n cushion 233/35; quishions pl
508/7
1374 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
rabble-routs n comppl (members of a) mob,
vulgar crowd 849/25
racks n pl part of Queens' College's
demountable stage, perhaps seating or
flooring 690/3, etc; rackes 691/4
raile n railing, fence 221/36, etc; rayle 449/3,
etc; railes p1504/21, etc; rayles 388/41, etc
raising n rasen: raising piece, wall plate, a
timber placed horizontally on a wall (here
especially a stud wall) to form a support
for joists or rafters 693/2; raisings p1693/8
rake n rack: a particular cut of meat (here, of
mutton) usually the neck or the fore-part
of the spine; rakes pl 169/6
rapier n a narrow-bladed sword, used chiefly
for thrusting 360/22, etc; raper 436/1;
rapyer 361/21, etc; rapieres pl 482/23;
rapiers 461/39
rate n a charge levied by a body upon its
members (eg, a university on its colleges)
to defray common expenses, usually
bearing some relation to their wealth
529/37, etc
rate v assess for a rate (see rate n); rated pp
550/35, 651/21; ratinge vb n 550/36
rather adv sooner, more quickly 341/25
read adj red 219/7, etc; reade 219/9, etc
reader n a holder of a senior endowed
lectureship in a university or college 155/16
rebuke v put down by blaming and bringing
into contempt 137/20
re-cants vpr3 sg sings again, with pun on the
sense 'withdraws and disavows a writing or
speech' 857/27
recarring vb n re-carrying, carrying back
373/39
recognizaunce n recognizance: a bond by
which someone engages before a court to
observe some condition 572/5
recorder n a borough magistrate, usually
presiding over the local court 263/38, etc;
recordor 424/22; recorders poss 505/25
[ vcu Cambridge m. 58-60]
reede pp rid 870/40
reeld v pa 3 pl made to stagger 462/23
refuce v refuse 176/33
regalles n pl regals: portable organs 203/34
regent n a junior master of arts, of less than
five years' standing, required by statute to
preside over disputations 503/14, etc;
regentes pl 507/28, etc; regents 503/17,
etc; see also non-regent
regent house n comp the building in which
the Regent House (one of the two bodies
comprising the Senate of Cambridge
University) met to consider and vote on its
business 509/37, 621/35; Regenthouse
700/38; regent howse 356/4
rehearse v 1. relate, tell 857/12; 2. prepare,
practise (of a performance); reirsyd pp
122/13
Reingraue n Rhinegrave: a count whose
domain borders on the river Rhine 512/24
relation n report, account 425/14
rent adj rent, torn 153/8
repaire n 1. resort 339/36; 2. restoration;
repayre 612/33
repaire v go, betake oneself 290/7, 349/30;
repayre 227/26; repaired pa 3 pl 511/24;
repay red pp 339/19, 339/34; repayring prp
309/29, etc
repeate v recite (not necessarily for a second
or later time), hence rehearse 530/6;
repeated pp 701/24; repeating vb n
527/22; in comp repeating chamber room
for rehearsal 519/41 [OED Repeat v 2]
repetition n recital 682/12; repeticion 506/21
repliars n p/replyers: those who spoke second
in formal university disputations,
endeavouring to refute or cast doubt on the
arguments of the first speaker 508/24,
508/26
reprehension n reprimand, reproof 304/28
requeare v require 326/9
request n vogue, fashion 849/11
residentiarys see canon residentiary
rested v pa 3 sg arrested 644/9
retorted pp flung back, answered in kind
866/31
retrive v retrieve, get back 859/11
1376 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
extension to protect the nape of the neck
171/13
saltes pl salt cellars 175/35
salting vb n the custom of admitting or
initiating freshmen in a college with mock
ceremonies 321/7, 997/20, etc; see
Appendix 12
sam In'on and adj same 621/17; sambe 83/23
sanct n saint 126/4, 143/31
sangwen n sanguine, blood-red 71/7
saracen n and adj Arab, Muslim 848/35; in
pbr ye saresins hed the Saracen's Head,
name of an inn 199/35
sarcenet, sarsnett, sasenett see sacenet
sargeant n a minor officer, usually one in
command of others, eg, of a band of
musicians 533/17, etc; in phr applied to
various officers of the royal household;
sargeant att armes knight of the
sovereign's bodyguard, with power to
arrest traitors and other offenders 533/13;
sargeant of the close cariage officer in
charge of the sovereign's enclosed carriage
or travelling coach 533/33
sath v pr3 sg saith, says 445/10
satisfaction n reparation, compensation,
atonement 455/4, etc; satisfaccion 411/37
satisfie v compensate, repay, make atonement
456/6; satifyed (error for 'satisfied') pp
648/5
satten of bridges n phr satin of Bruges: a
fabric made with a warp of silk and a woof
of thread 220/5; satin of Briges 294/23;
satin off burges 153/5; satyn of bryges
181/7
satyre n satyr (a character in a play) 872/18
sauegarde n safeguard: safety 289/32
sawiers n pl sawyers, workmen employed to
saw timber 677/6, etc
sawser n saucer: a dish for holding sauce or
other food 255/3
saye see saie
sayleirs n pl cloth wall hangings; here for the
stage 527/2 [OED Celure]
scabberd n scabbard, sword sheath 467/3
scaffold n 1. a raised platform (here usually
a temporary str.ucture) used for exhibiting
persons or acuons to public view, here
especially for enacting college ceremonies
and presenting plays 231/11, etc; scaffolde
145/3, etc; 2. a raised platform or stand for
holding spectators; a gallery in a church or
college hall; scaffold 465/37, etc; scaffould
636/26; scaffoldes pl 542/13, 875/39;
scaffolds 502/18, etc; scaffollds 666/20,
666/21
scandall n offence 542/31
scaped v pa 3 sg escaped, got off 467/29
scayne n skene: a dagger or small sword
465/38; sceyne 436/2
scarlet adj made of a fine woollen cloth of a
bright red colour used, among other
things, for university doctors' dress robes
504/32; scarlett 508/4; skarlett 79/39,
80/1
scean n scene 884/25
scepter n an ornamental wand, carried by the
sovereign on certain state occasions as an
emblem of authority; hence, meta-
phorically, the royal dignity or power
378/4; scepteres p1127/29; scepters 162/1,
172/2; septeres 191/7; septerres 190/35
schalloppe shelles n comppl scallop shells (as
a decorative pattern or emblem) 219/39
schedule n piece or roll of paper or
parchment; short tract written on this
367/16
scholarship n 1. a place as a foundation
scholar in a college of the university, the
cost of whose lodging and tuition was met
from the endowment 573/29 2. the
attainments proper to one who has studied
the liberal arts or sciences; schollershipp
534/22
scholasticall adj academic, characteristic of a
university as a place of learning 155/28, etc;
scholastical 514/19
schole see school
scholler n 1. pupil, disciple 848/11; scoler
191 / 1 ; 2. junior person being taught in the
1378 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
attendant 446/14m, etc; seruant 512/29,
etc; seruante 200/15, 843/39; servaunt
309/40, etc; serveant 465/31; seruantes
poss 219/28, 219/30; servantes 126/16, etc;
seruantsplSl2/l, etc; servandes 159/26;
servantes 333/42, etc; servants 365/II,
653/5; servauntes 646/7; servaunts 508/8;
2. applied to troupes of players enioying
the patronage of a magnate or member of
the royal family; servauntes 290/6; ye
Lord of Leiceter his servantes 291/3-4;
hir Maiesties servantes 332/4,338/9; her
Majesties owne servantes 346/30; the
Queen of Bohemias servantes 625/39-40
service n piece of work done to gratify
another; hence used of an entertainment
565/29, 544/29; seruices pl 634/7
set v in phr set forth I. supply, provide
864/31 ; 2. publish (a book) set forth pa 3
sg 863/37; 3. declare, announce (a name)
setforth pp 295/8; 4. mount or produce (a
show or play) set forthe 269/18; set fourth
234/29; sett forth 355/15, 844/18; sett
furthe 343/5; sett furth pa 3 sg 195/39; set
forth pp 701/26; sett forthe 349/4;
settinge forth vb n 618/14; setting furth
167/15, 184/38; settynge fforth 129/10;
settyng furthe 117/17
set(t) on heads, vppon heads see head
sett pp in pier sett oute set off, shown to
advantage 536/17; in phr sett ruffe here
probably a standing ruff with tubular pleats
1243/9 [Cunnington, 17th Century]
setter forth n phr producer, exhibiter
492/13
settled v pa 3 sg stunned with a blow and
caused to lie still 450/6
seuenight n sennight: a space of seven nights,
a week; mostly used in reckoning
backwards, as in phr tewsday was
seuenight a week ago Tuesday SIS/IS;
thursday was seuenight a week ago
Thursday 598/15
sewers n pl in phr sewers of the
chamber officers of the royal household
in charge of meals and feasts 533/12
sey(e) see saie
shackebuttes see sackbutt
shaftes n pl shafts (perhaps for making
woodwinds, but perhaps for some other
use) 129/41
shag(ge)butt see sackbutt
shards n pl cow-pats, patches of cow-dung
876/28
shaving clothes n comp pl shaving-cloths
153/27
shearers n pl sharers 612/31; sherers 613/I
sherriff n sheriff: the chief royal official for
a county, mainly concerned with law
enforcement; or a similar official in a town,
usually but not always appointed by the
crown; hye Sherriff phr 496/24-5;
sheriffes poss 632/17; 649/36; shreeves
624/I 0; shreues 617/I I ; sherifes p1395/23;
sheriffes 645/22, 646/26
shew n show, spectacle, performance,
display, demonstration (often
distinguished from a play) 183/27, "etc;
shewe 206/19, etc; shoaw 273/41; shoe
223/17; show 212/5, etc; showe 209/2, etc;
shewes pl 177/29, etc; shews 200/5, 521/5;
shewys 187/5, etc; showes 187/I, etc
shew declare, set forth (legal formula);
sheweth pr 3 sg 665/1
shier n shire, county 341/8
shift n in phr for a shift at a pinch, as a
makeshift 879/19
shipman n sailor, mariner; attr 160/37;
shepemanes poss 126/21 ; shippmanes
160/38; shyppmen pl attr 124/2; shipmens
poss pl 197/5, 197/6; shippmens 219/40
shois n pl shoes 127/33; shooes 197/22;
shoues 843/14; shoys 201/35
shomaker n comp shoemaker, cobbler
225/41; schowe maker 83/II, 83/16;
showemaker 249/25; show maker 501/8
shoppes see sioppes
shreeves, shreues see sherriff
Shrouesunday n comp Quinquagesima
Sunday 663/5
1382 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
strake see stricke
strange adj 1. unusual, unaccustomed
160/18, 515/11 ; 2. extraordinary 411/27;
strangely adv 348/5; 3. outside, not
belonging to one's own community;
strang 681/19
stranger n someone from outside (a
community or calling) 499/29, etc;
straunger 200/22; strangers pl 270/16,
etc; strangrs 504/5; straungers 426/20
strawed see strow
stremer n streamer: a long, narrow flag used
as a decoration; attr in phr stremer cloth
a cloth for a streamer 254/18; stremers pl
181/15
stricke v 1. trip; strik 454/26; 2. strike;
stricke 482/40; stracke pa 3 sg 483/10;
strake 483/14, 483/26; strock 453/15;
strocke 441/25, etc; strok 427/33; stroke
436/10, etc; strook 446/4, etc; strooke
468/4; stroke pp 430/5, etc; stroken 432/2,
432/5; strook 439/27; strooke 433/23, etc
stringes n pl 1. lengths of gut, cord, or wire
stretched on musical instruments to give
tones when struck 354/23, etc; strings
394/21 ; 2. ribbons fixed in the bindings of
books for use as place-markers 526/15,
526/23; strings 505/9
strooke n stroke 442/7
strow v strew, besprinkle; strawed pp
233/22; strowed 233/14; strowynge vb n
224/17
stud n a wooden upright, usually of the height
of a single storey, interposed between the
principal posts in the framing of a partition
wall 688/39, etc; studdes p1344/13; studs
688/27, etc; stud raile n comp a railing or
fence made of uprights rather than
horizontals (see board) 690/36, etc
stuffn 1. equipment, gear, goods 127/38, etc;
stuffe 154/14; 2. in phr stuff suit worsted
woollen fabric 672/36, 673/11 ; 3. material;
stufe 223/31
sturre see stiff
stylkes n pl sticks 171/39, 172/13
submission n a formal act of acknowledging
the authority of a person or body and
apologizing for having broken his or its
injunctions 288/37, etc; submissions pl
289/29
subscribed pp approved 400/5
subtile adj sly, cunning, fair seeming 288/37;
subtill 847/12
sub-tutour n an assistant tutor 543/11,
543/13; sub-tutours poss 543/30
suertie n 1. surety, bond or guarantee of
behaviour or performance 137/27,
1009/22; suertyes p1486/12; 2. guarantor;
suerties pl 254/7; suertyes 571/26
sufferance n discretionary permission, leave,
toleration 191/25; sufferaunce 135/5
suffrages n pl votes 574/9
sugar cheyst n comp sugar chest: a coffer for
keeping sugar under lock and key 108/I8
suit(e) see suyte
suiter n petitioner, suppliant 550/33; suiters
pl 550/9; suitors 625/26
sukket n succade: candied fruit 150/30
sumpterman n comp packhorse driver
533/32
sunne n Sun (name of an inn)430/24, 484/14;
sone 443/15; sonne 465/9; sune 443/6;
sunn 430/26m, etc; attr in phr Sunne gate
the gateway of the Sun inn 467/15; sone
gates pl 438/8; Sungates 428/13; sunne
gates 452/13
supper n a light meal taken late in the evening
231/10, etc; soper 110/29, 111/13;suppere
230/27; suppers pl 353/11
supportacion n support, assistance 135/21
supporters n pl in heraldry, figures (usually
real or fabulous beasts, but sometimes
human) shown holding up a shield 1243/9
supposed pp reputed, believed 459/15, etc
surcease v pr 2 sg cease, stop 848/35
surffetting vb n surfeiting: overeating,
gluttony 599/6
surplesses n p/surplices: long, ample
garments of white linen with full hanging
sleeves, worn for divine service by clergy,
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1385
209/13,209/14; tragedie 355/15,355/16;
tragoedy 243/12, 243/17; tragydy 355/35
trashe nayle n coil 'trash-nails': a kind of nail
commonly used in putting up scenery or
fitting up a stage 208/32
trauayle n travail, labour 288/36
travayle v travail, labour, toil 133/34, 134/39
travas n traverse: curtain 233/17
trayne n escort, retinue 233/4, etc; train
860/24; traine 862/10; traines 507/31
treasurer n 1. in phr Lord Treasurer a high
officer of state controlling the royal
revenues 346/7, etc; Lorde hy Tresurer
270/5; Lord Treasurers poss 554/34; 2. the
controller of a magnate's or town's
revenues; tresurer 5 ! 3/29; treasures poss
406/41 ; thresurrerrs pl 89/12m
trees n pl posts (?) 527/3
trenchers n pl flat wooden platters that food
was served on or eaten from 165/40, etc
trestles n pl supports used in setting up
collapsible tables or a temporary stage
275/21,275/26; tressiis 131/32, 131/38;
tressuiles 159/21 ; tristles 154/22; trystles
154/21
tripos n a bachelor of arts appointed to
dispute, humorously or satirically, with
the candidates for degrees at
commencement 572/16
trompets see trumpet
trompeters, trompetter(e)s, troumpetters
see trumpeter
trowellers n pl bricklayers 695/26
trumpet n 1. a kind of wind instrument
171/40, 496/29; trumpit 577/21, etc;
trompets pl 508/37; trumpettes 199/31 ;
2. trumpeter; trumpet 496/26; trompets
pl 509/23; trumpeites 89/18; trumpets
632/17, etc; trumpettes 90/33;
trumppittes 89/11
trumpeter n trumpet player 496/5, etc;
trumpetor 212/1, etc; trumpetour
658/10; trumpetter 488/38, etc;
trumpettor 523/40; trumpettour 591/30;
trumplter 533/17; trumpter 562/3;
trompeters pl 582/13, 623/5;
trompetteres 605/17; trompetters
163/35, 514/7; troumpetters 559/10;
trumpeteres 331/32; trumpeters 226/32,
etc; trumpetors 416/14; trumpetorz
103/35; trumpetours 546/8, etc;
trumpetteres 337/16, 559/3; trumpetters
226/12, etc; trumpettores 391/34;
trumpettors 385/3, etc; trumpettorz
103/25 trumpettours 398/15; trumpiters
184/31 ; trumpitters 336/! 5, 533/! 6;
trumpiturs 577/16; trumppetters 600/40;
trumpters 284/22; trumpyters 337/32
truncheon n club, cudgel 463/14; trunchion
476/35
trust v thrust 309/17
trystles see trestles
tuff adj tough 464/16
tumuict n tumult 451/22
tunn n ton, as a measure of weight (the exact
weight varied according to commodity and
locality); tunn pl 530/21
tunne n tun: a measure of capacity for wines
and other liquids, usually equivalent to
two pipes or four hogsheads; tunne pl
540/9
tunycle n tunicle: a sleeved church vestment
of linen or silk, often embroidered;
properly, the one worn by the subdeacon
or epistle-reader at the mass until ! 552
181/6; tunacles pl the subdeacon's tunicle
and the deacon's dalmatic, considered as a
pair 152/37, etc
turkey coat n phr a coat of 'turkey colour,'
a bright blue obtained from a dye thought
to come from the Ottoman Empire 679/16
[OED Turkey blue and Turkey m 3c]
turkye carpet n phr a carpet woven in the
Ottoman Empire or some other Middle
Eastern country where similar designs
were used 233/25
turned pp put inside out to show off the lining
504/24, etc
turning vb n bend (in a street) 505/14,
505/31m
1386 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
turnamentes n p/mock knightly combats
organized as pastimes and spectacles 400/1
tusshes, tusshew, tusshu see tysshewe
tutor n 1. an instructor in a university who
supervised particular pupils' studies; at
Cambridge, usually a fellow of a college
572/38, etc; tutors poss 451/22, 849/1;
tutorsp1271/30, etc; 2. a similar instructor
employed privately to teach and supervise
one or more young noblemen 513/23
Twelfetyde n comp Twelfthtide: the evening
of 5 January and the days immediately
following, so called because 6 January, the
feast of the Epiphany, was the twelfth day
of Christmas 263/39; Twelfe tyde 436/25
twelfte day n phr the feast of the Epiphany,
6 January, being the twelfth day of
Christmas 200/5
twelft weeke n phr here probably the week
containing Twelfth Night (5 January), but
possibly the twelfth week (of a particular
calendar) 288/17
Twesday n Tuesday 99/33; twisdaye 1009/21
twixt prep betwixt, between 587/25, 849/23
tymekeeper n an attendant on a magnate,
charged with ensuring that members of the
retinue performed their duties at
prescribed times (?) 514/1
tyringe chamber n cornp dressing room (for
a performance) 569/32-3; tyring house
691/19, etc; tyreing house 528/6; tyringe
house 620/31,636/39; see also tyringe
chamber, attiringe
tysshewe n tissue: a variety of cloth of gold,
made of precious metals and silk in twisted
threads 186/20, etc; tissew 161/14; tissue
218/36; tusshes 180/39; tusshew 152/35,
153/6; tusshu 154/4; tysschew 182/34,
etc; tyssew 204/4; tyssewe 171/11 ;
tysshew 190/18; tysshue 181/21
tyypstafes n pl tipstaffs: staffs tipped with
metal, carried by certain officers as a mark
of office, especially by constables, ushers,
bedells, and the like for controlling crowds
190/34
lat pron that 82/26
Uice Chancellor see vice-chancellor
unboning prp pulling the bones from
(figuratively) 859/23
undergraduat n a junior pupil at a university
who has not yet taken a degree 855/33
unsufferable adj insufferable, unbearable
863/20
vaine n in phr in a vaine in a fit or suitable
vein, mood, humour (for something)
857/18
vacation n a part of the year in which law
courts, universities, and schools are closed
875/12; long vacation n phr the time in late
summer when lectures were not given in
the university and members were not
required to be in residence 860/5
vardyngale n farthingale: in the mid-16th
century, an underskirt distended by one or
more circular hoops; vardyngalis pl
181/10
varlet n knave or jack (at cards) 851/21
vaunt v boast, brag; vaunts pr 3 g 857/26;
vaunteth pr 3 sg 270/37
velim n vellum: hide of a young animal (such
as a calf, lamb, or kid) prepared as a writing
or binding material 505/8
verger n 1. verger: a wand bearer whowalks
before dignitaries to clear the way and
direct processions; poss pl in phr vergers
roddes 172/3; 2. the wand itself; vergerres
pl 190/3 7
vellet n used as adj velvet 186/19
vessell n coil containers for drink (and food ?)
392/3
vestment n 1. a chasuble, a poncho-like
garment worn by the celebrating priest at
the mass before 1552 153/1, etc; vestmente
123/25, 153/4; vestyment 152/37;
vestmentes pl 153/18, 153/25;
vestimentes 843/21 (?); 2. in p/cerem0nial
robes for the mass collectively, including
those worn by the deacon and subdeacon;
ENGLISH GLOSSARY 1387
vestmentes 154/13, 180/34; vestimentes
843/21 (?); vestymentes 152/31; 3. a
garment for some special occasion,
probably an actor's costume; westmentes
pl 122/17
vesture n costume, article of clothing 160/18
vestre n vestry: a section of, or room
adjoining, a church or chapel, where robes
are donned and kept 180/38, etc; vestrie
233/13; vestrye 233/12, 233/16
vlal(l)(e)(s) see violl
vicar n a deputy; particularly, a salaried
clergyman in actual charge of a parish
church where the nominal rector, who
received the tithes, was a layman,
corporation, or disabled cleric 297/40
vicarage n a vicar's residence 302/31;
vicaredg 299/35
vicechamberlein n the deputy or assistant of
the Lord Chamberlain (see chamberlain)
346/29; vicechamberline 345/29;
vicechamberlines poss 346/I
vicechancellor n the day-to-day chief officer
of Cambridge University, chosen from
1586 by rotation from among the heads of
its constituent colleges; so called because
he is formally the chancellor's deputy
199/14, etc; Uice Chancellor 862/13;
vicchancellor 598/6; vice chanceiler
434/22; vice-chancellor 572/42; vice
chancellor 438/12, etc; vicechance|lour
641/22, 646/30; vice-chancellour 286/8,
etc; vicechancelor 300/31, etc; vice
chancelor 403/4, 437/18; vicechancelour
643/19, 643/23; vicechancler 291/6;
vicechaunceler 133/28, etc;
vicechauncellor 276/36, etc; vice
chauncellor 526/12, 665/27;
vicechauncellour 428/21 ; vicechauncelor
232/7; vicechauncelour 299/12;
visechanseler 660/16: vizchavnselor
292/34; vicechancellers poss 492/17,
634/2; vicechancellors 303/18, etc;
vicechauncelors 271/8, 300/33;
vicechauncelers pl 291/13
vicedominus see LG
vicemaster n an assistant or deputy of the
master of a college 198/11, etc; vice master
209/12, etc; vicemaisters poss 42 I/7;
vicemasters 420/38, etc
viceprovost n at King's College, Cambridge,
the deputy or assistant of the head of the
college, styled the provost; viceprovostes
poss 362/I
victualling howse n comp eating house,
restaurant 409/32
violins n pl bowed musical instruments with
four strings, played resting on the shoulder
694/7; vyolans 203/26
violl n I. viol: a bowed instrument with six
strings, played sitting down 394/21, etc;
viall 354/23, 519/33: vioall 369/11, etc;
viol 489/16; vyoll 414/33,489/9; vialls p/
354/21 ; vioalls 417/7, 420/25; violls
420/24, etc; vyalles 203/26; vyalls 526/33;
vyolles 351/11; violls poss pl 394/21 ;
2. viol-player; viales pl 207/20
violl-book n comp a book of tunes or exercises
for learning to play the viol 1018/26,
I019/34; viol-books pl 1020/20
virginals n pl a keyboard musical instrument
resembling a spinet 318/17; virginalles
694/6
visechanseler see vicechancellor
vitious adj depraved, wicked 348/31
vizard n mask 673/3, etc; visor 289/12,
388/40; visoure 389/26; vizarde 460/39;
risers pl 724/6, 843/3; vizards 859/32;
vysarnes 171/35; vysaures 171/36
vizchavnselor see vicechancellor
vnbridledppladjunbridled, ie, unrestrained
289/38
vncapable adj incapable, ie, not eligible
410/II, 412/6
vncased pp undressed, stripped 289/11
vnder-reader n comp under-reader, ie,
assistant or deputy to a senior lecturer (see
reader) 155/15
vndirchauncelor n vicechancellor (see
vicechancellor) 396/42
1388 ENGLISH GLOSSARY
vnico adj unparalleled, unrivalled, unique
848/32
vnlefull adj unlawful 276/20, etc
vnlest conj unless 247/20
vnmeete adj unmeet: unfitting, unsuitable
347/8; vnmete 133/25
vnperfyte adj imperfect, defective 203/33;
vnperfytt 203/34
vntell conj until 613/5
vnwordyly adv unworthily 227/28
vouchsafe v condescend, graciously consent
or grant; voutsafe 536/37; vouchsafed pa
3 p1231/24; pa 2 sg 625/39; vowchsafed pa
3 pl 230/31
vphouser n upholsterer 499/30
vre n use; in phrput in vre put into practice
270/12-13; 342/8 [O/D Ure sb 1]
vsher n usher: one who admits people to a
chamber and escorts them to their places;
in phr Vsher of ye Hall 513/40; gentleman
vsher officer of good birth in the royal
household, who escorted persons of high
rank 539/9, 551/22; gentlemen vshers pl
533/14; yeoman vsher similar officer of
lesser birth, escorting those of lower rank
539/10, 551/24
vttre adj utter, outer 218/30
vttremost adj uttermost, outermost 221/17
vyall(e)s, vyoll(es) see violl
vychancellerschyppe n vice-chancellorship:
the office of vice-chancellor 1202/15
vyolans see violins
vysarnes, vysaures see vizard
waferer n waferer, maker or vendor of wafers
249/25
wafted v pa 3 pl waved 426/20
waggishly adv facetiously 378/7
wagges n pl wages 268/39; wageis 305/15, etc
waighte player n comp one who plays a wait's
instrument (often a wait pipe, a kind of
shawm) 334/7-8
waites, waithes, waitis, waittes see wayte n 1
wale n wall 484/2
wanskott n wainscot: panelling made of
wainscot, a superior kind of imported oak
274/35
ward see beareward
warde adv in combinations from...warde
from the direction of 441/17, etc;
into...ward in the direction of 468/27-8;
redundantly in toward...ward towards
476/38-9
warde n jail 304/29
wardrobe n office of the royal household
looking after garments and other textiles,
such as bedding 551/25; warderobe
539/11 ; in phr remooueing wardrobe
branch of this office looking after the
goods that travelled with the sovereign
609/35
ware v guard, watch out for 876/40
ware v pa 3 sg wore 432/3
washe wensdaie n comp Ash Wednesday (?)
194/34
wasted pp diminished 445/19
water-man n comp ferryman 848/32
wates, watyes see wayte n
wax chaundler n compwax chandler, dealer
in wax candles and torches 655/9; see also
chandler
waymaker n comp probably the surveyor of
the ways, a royal official who went ahead
of the retinue to ensure that the proposed
route was passable 533/20
wayt v attend 622/37; waited pa 3 p1701/5;
waited pp 667/35
wayte n 1. one of a band of musicians retained
by a town, university, or other corporation
75/28, etc; wayght 309/40; wayt 200/15;
wayth 251/5; waytte 85/28; waites plfor
sg 334/7; waytes 319/40; weightes 328/21,
334/29; waites pl 87/40, etc; waithes
357/22, etc; waits 400/19, etc; waittes
202/13; wates 86/17, etc; watyes 113/18;
wayetes 345/11 ; wayets 278/8; wayghtes
102/33, etc; wayghts 500/10; waytes
74/12, etc; waythes 329/37; wayts 167/27,
381 / 10 (?), etc; wayttes 80/29, etc; waytys
91/25; weates 517/10, 553/36; wegytes
1392 UNIVERSITY INDEX
Venn's list; similarly, 'Robinson, John (16)' means Venn's sixteenth John Robinson.
Occasionally a name is followed by two numbers, eg, 'Ellis, Edward (1 & 2?); this means that
Venn has probably or possibly entered the same individual twice. A few reverse cases, where
Venn seems to have conflated two men of the same name, have been specially noted. No
number is given where Venn lists only one man with a particular name.
- Titles and Offices. Principal titles of nobility are supplied in all cases. Offices in church
and state are given only when referred to in the REED collection or when these have been deemed
of probable interest to the principal readership of REED volumes.
- University Career. College affiliations are given where known (abbreviations for colleges
are explained on p xv). The typical Cambridge student joined a college prior to matriculation
in the university, and remained in the same college for the whole of his academic career. Some
individuals, however, migrated from one college to another, either as students or later in their
academic careers; the sign ',' is used here to mean 'migrated to.'
The date which normally follows the record of college affiliation designates the earliest
known formal association with the university, whether by matriculation or by entry on a
college book. Nearly always this information comes from Venn. Where Venn gives no
admission date but lists a date for taking a degree, the compilers have counted back the usual
number of years of study required (3 for the BA, 7 for the MA, and so on); all inferred dates
are queried. Some recipients of honorary degrees neither joined a college nor matriculated in
the university; for such individuals only the date of the degree is given. The same practice has
been followed for a very few early graduates whose date of matriculation cannot be determined
from the surviving evidence.
Any known relationship to another person in this or in the main index follows, then any
designation used in the Records to distinguish the entrant from others with the same surname.
Any high office held in the university comes next, with dates; this information, too, usually
derives from Venn, or else from Tanner.
- Doubtful Identifications. Most doubtful identifications are signalled with a bracketed
query after the entrant's given name. Cases where two identifications seem equally plausible
are normally entered in the form 'Richardson, Joseph (!)... ; or Lambert,' but a few cases where
an individual can be identified confidently in one passage but only doubtfully in another have
required special treatment (for an example see Thomas Bargar and Isaac Bargrave). A note
beginning 'See also,' when placed within square brackets at the end of an entry, means that
the identification of the entrant is reasonably certain but that one or more other candidates,
as specified, cannot be completely ruled out.
- Supplemental Authorities. Cross-references to Venn (explained above) are marked 'v.'
Other references are marked DtB or C; the latter refers to Charles Henry and Thompson
Cooper, Athenae Cantabrigienses. In internal cross-references the main index is referred to
as 'Index.'
1402 UNIVERSITY INDEX
Covell (Covill, Covyle, Covyll), William. CHQU, adm 1580. 363-7, 930, 1229 [DNB]
Cowell (Cowel), John (2). kC,TC, adm 1570; master ofT8 1598-1611, vc 1603-4. 403, 410,
412
Cowley (Cooley), Abraham. xc, adm 1636. 699,701,703,722,858,884, 899, 911-12,976,
995, 1254, 1258
Cowper see Cooper
Cox, William (3). Qu, adm 1601. 650
Coytmore, Thomas (2). c8, adm 1628. 1000
Cradock (Craddock), John (3). GC, adm 1612. 526, 530
Crane, John (2). c,, adm 15337 138, 147, 942 [c]
- William (2). PB,CL, adm 1606. 531
Creighton, Robert (1). c, adm 1614; public orator 1627-39. 621 [na]
Creswell, Robert (2). c, adm 1632. 858
Crofoot(e) see Crowfoote
Crofts (v Croft*), William (3). Qu, adm 1629? 960
Crompton, Thomas (3). c, adm 1598 (fellow commoner). 948
Cromwell, Oliver (2), Lord Protector. ss, adm 1616. 708, 942, 991-3 [Da]
-- Thomas (1), earl of Essex, chief minister of Henry vm; high steward of the university
1534-40 Inca] see Patrons and Travelling Companies under Cromwell
Crooke, Henry (2). Tc, adm 1597. 388-9
Cropley, John (2). c, adm 1593-4? 387, 390, 949
Crosse, Stephen. JEt,c, adm 1630. 634
Crowfoote (Crofoot, Crofoote), John. cc, adm 1586. 364-5, 1229-30
See also Index
Croyden, Thomas. c, adm 1632. 693
Cruso, Aquila. GC, adm 1610. 895, 975, 1242
Cumber see Comber
Cumpton see Compton
Cunningham .... c, adm (?). 956 [not in Venn or Rouse Ball]
Curteys (Curtes, v Curtis*), Richard (1). sJ, adm 1549? proctor 1563-4. 220, 232, 1215
[c, Otn l
Cutler (Cuttler; wrongly Buttler), Ger'. sJ, adm (?). 427, 434, 449, 457, 470, 479 [not in
Venn]
Dadley (Dudley), Richard. CH, adm 1618.
See also Dudley
Dalton .... Tc, adm (?). 957 [not in Venn]
1014-15
1426 UNIVERSITY INDEX
Saunders see Sanders
Sawnderson see Sanderson
Scalis (v Scales*), William. Kc, adm 1485. 72, 964
Scar|ett (Scarlet, Skarlett), John (3). PB, adm 16047 436, 465-6, 472, 481, 1033
- William (1). Tc, adm 1631. 634
Scarrack (Scarracke, Sharrack, Sharracke, Sherrocke, v Sharrock*), Henry. sJ, adm 1589.
436, 460, 472, 481, 1031
Scattergood, Anthony. Tc, adm 1628. 889
Scott (Scot, Skot), Cuthbert. CH, adm 1531-2; master of CH 1553-6, visitor 1556-7; vC
1555--6. 134-6, 138, 199, 1206 [C, DNB]
- Robert(3). r'BCL, adm 1588;masterofcL 1612-20, vc 1619--20. 508, 550-1,566, 570-3,
1240, 1242
Scrogges (v Scroggs*), Edward. TC, adm 1606. 409
Scrope (v Scroope*), Richard (2). Warden of KH 1457-63, university chancellor 1461-2. 1199
Sedgwick (Sedgwich, Segeswyke), Edward (1). sJ, adm 1570. 944, 946
- Thomas (1). PH)TC, adm 1526-7? 199 [c,
Senhouse (Sinews, Synowes), Richard. 'c,sJ, adm 1592? 435 [orn]
servant of see Winscall in Index
Serle (v Searle*), Nicholas. TC, adm 1608. 454, 1030
Shacklock (Shackelocke, Shaclocke), Richard. TC, adm 1552. 202,206, 221-2,968 [c,
Sharpe (v Sharp*), William (2). KC, adm 1581. 362
Sharrack(e) see Scarrack
Shaw (Shawe), George (2). 'c, adm 1627. 959
- Robert (3). PH, adm 1544. 199
Sheffield, Edmund (2), Lord Sheffield, later earl of Mulgrave. M/ 1595. 355
Shephard (Shepherd, v Sheppard*), Leonard. sJ, adm 1573. 944, 946
- Richard (5). CH, adm 1609-10? 470, 478, 1032
Sherrocke see Scarrack
Shi|borne .... rc, adm 1629. 634
Shirley, James. sc, adm 1615. 1029
Shittleworth, Leon (v Shuttleworth*, Lionel). sJ, adm 1610. 432, 453-4, 1032
Sholls (v Scholes*), Giles. CH, adm 1608. 446
Shortland, Richard. CH, adm 1623. 1000
Sibbs, Richard (1). sJ,sc, adm 1594; master of sc 1626-35. 485-6 [DrO]
Sill, Miles. sJ,sc, adm 1586. 1230
Simonds (Symmondes, Symondes, Symonds, Symons), John (4). sJ, adm 1606. 430, 442-3,
450, 456, 466, 468, 474-7, 483, 486, 1235 (See also Index)
UNIVERSITY INDEX 1433
Wendeye see Wendy
Wendon, Nicholas. MH)TC, adm 1546. 187-8, 967 [c]
Wendy (Wendeye), Thomas (1). 3H, adm 15157 137-8
Wenslow, Robert. gc, adm 1467. 55, 963
Wentworth (Waintwoorth, Wentwarth, Wentwoorth), Edmund (2). GC, adm 1595. 361-2
[references are possibly to Richard Wainforth]
- Thomas (6), earl of Stratford, counsellor of Charles L SJ, adm 1609 [DtB] see Patrons and
Travelling Companies tnder Stratford
West, John (1). Kc, adm 1498. 84, 964
- Robert (1). SJTC, adm 1547. 206, 968
Whaley (Whaly, Whalye, Wheley, v Whalley*), Markham. s, adm 1576. 945
- William (4). s, adm 1606. 430, 440, 443, 464, 466, 469, 1030
Wheteley (v Wheatley*), Thomas (1). :c, adm 1467. 58, 963
Whichcott (v Whichcote*), Thomas. CH, adm 1633. 1001
Whiniates (v Whinyats*), Robert. Qt, adm 1635. 962
Whitaker (Whitacres), William (1). TCS, adm 1564; master of s 1586-95. 315, 321, 356,
715, 1221, 1224, 1226 [c,
White, Andrew (1). TC, adm 1572. 999
- Matthew. sJ? adm 1530-1 ? nephew of John Fisher. 999
Whitehead, Jasper. Qu, adm 1636. 961, 1026 [c]
Whitgift, John (1), archbishop of Canterbury. QUPBPH PBTC, adm 1550; master of Pn 1567,
of TC 1567-77; VC 1570-1 & 1573--4. 244, 269-71, 998 [C,
Whitgrave, Walter (1). TC, adm 1594. 447
Whitloe (v Whitlowe*), Edward. Qu, adm 1633. 961
Wiatte (v Wyatt*), Dudley. TC, adm 1627. 959
Wiburne (Wilburne, v Wyborne*), Nathaniel. s, adm 1589. 909, 947, 973
Wicherley, Daniel (1). Qu, adm 1622. 685
Wiersdaile (v Wiersdale*), John. Q, adm 1617. 956
Wigan (Wygon, v Wiggan*), Edward (1). KH, adm 1505? 137-8 [cJ
Wigmore, Gilbert (1). QU, adm 1625. 658
Wilbey (v Wilby*), Matthew (2). rc, adm 1608. 450-1
Wilburne see Wiburne
Wild, Robert (3). sJ, adm 1632. 934-5
Wildbore, Zachary (2). ctl, adm 1623. 1000, 1016
Wilkes, Thomas. TC, adm 1558. 252-3, 261,971
Wilkington (v Walkington*), Thomas (2). sJ, adm 1593. 947 [D//]
Index
The main index combines subjects with places, play titles, and non-university names in a single
listing. Where the same headword occurs in more than one category the order is persons,
places, subjects, and titles of books, record collections, or plays; thus 'Ely, bishop of' precedes
'Ely, Camb,' which in turn precedes 'Ely diocesan records'; and 'Preist, Henry' precedes
'Preist the Barber.' In alphabetizing play titles the definite and indefinite articles of all languages
have been ignored, and so has the Latin preposition 'De': hence' Les Abusez" appears under
A, "The Benefice" under B, and "De Crumena Perdita' under C. College codes and 'St' for
'Saint' are alphabetized as if spelled out.
Place-names and given names appear in the modern form where that could be ascertained,
titles and family names of nobility and other public figures in forms commonly used by modern
historians. Other surnames are usually cited in the most common form occurring in the text,
except that capitalization and the use of i/j and u/v have here been assimilated to modern usage.
Surnames are regularly followed by any variant spellings (in parentheses), but these are given
for titles and place-names only where clarity requires them. Nobles are entered under their
family names with cross-references from any titles which occur in the text or apparatus, royalty
under their regnal or given names. Most play titles follow Annals of English Drama or, for
classical plays, The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature; the latter has also been followed
for the names of classical play characters.
Occupations are usually specified only for entertainers and residents of Cambridge. Apart
from the Records themselves, the chief sources used for identifying individuals and their cal-
lings or careers are The Dictionary of National Biography [DNB]; Cooper's Annals of Cam-
bridge [Cooper]; The New Grove Dictionary of Music [New Grove]; William M. Palmer,
Cambridge Borough Documents [CBD]; J. Milner Gray, Biographical Notes on the Mayors of
Cambridge [Gray]; Edwin Nungezer, A DictionaryofActors [Nungezer]; Ian Payne, 'Instru-
mental Music at Trinity College, Cambridge,' Music & Letters, 68 (1987), 128-40 [Payne];
and the list of innkeepers in ctsA: V.C. Ct 1.4 ff 284-5v [1600]. These are cited as authorities
where appropriate. Sources for royalty, nobility, and other patrons are specified in the head-
note to Patrons and Travelling Companies, to which the Index refers throughout.
To aid research, many entries have been collected under such general headings as 'costume,
articles of,' 'inns,' 'materials for costumes and plays,' 'musical instruments,' 'musicians and
music," play characters,' and 'stage materials and apparatus.' Particular items are sublisted
alphabetically there, and usually not cross-referenced in the main listing. In the cross-refer-
ences which are supplied, bold type is used for main entries, roman type for subentries. Entries
1438 INDEX
in which entertainers are referred to by such Latin terms as 'histrio' and 'mimus' are usually
indexed under the English equivalent used in the Translations, except that an attempt has been
made to collect all references to the Cambridge waits under 'waits, Cambridge.'
For explanation of the college codes and other abbreviations employed see Symbols, volume
1, pp xv-xvi.
INDEX 1441
bagpipers, of Nottingham see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Baker, Elizabeth, servant of John Edmunds
the younger 366
- Francis, vc's servant 491
- John, townsman 279
Ball, Thomas, biographer 544, 855, 1257
- Thomas, townsman 83 [CBD]
Ban, Richard, townsman 83 [CBD 'Beene']
Band, Cuff, and Ruff 714, 891-2
band, of loud music 561
Banester, John, silversmith 74 [CSD]
banishment 328, 334, 411
Bankes, ..., blacksmith 158, 175, 180
Baptistes 981
Barbarigo, Gregorio, Venetian ambassador
551
Barber, Thomas, carpenter (?) 156
Barker, Thomas, servant of 283
Barnes, Agnes (Annis), servant of Andrew
Goodin 425, 430, 432, 440, 478
- Elizabeth, wife of William Bird 1003
- William, paver 223, 254
Barnwell, Camb 466, 504, 987-8
Barrington, Camb 490, 548
Barton, Camb (?) 498
Bartylmew, John 32
Bassingbourn, Camb 822
Bastifforde .... 37
Baxter ..... vintner (?) 354
bear-baitings 811
complained of by university 342
prohibited in and about Cambridge by
the crown 259, 357, 395-7, 399-400,
645-6
scholars forbidden to watch at GC 267;
throughout university 357, 381
suppressed by university 709, 723, 779: at
Chesterton 294-305; at the Elephant inn,
Cambridge 362-3; at Gog Magog Hills
571, 727; at Howes Green 491
Beaufort, Margaret, countess of Derby and
Richmond 80, 812, 1201 ; seealso Patrons
and Travelling Companies
Beaumont, John, clothier, of Hadleigh, Surf,
father of Joseph (see University Index)
700-1
Becket's Day see St Thomas the martyr,
feast of
Beda, householder at street turning 505
bedells 228, 232, 503-6, 511, 588
arrest delinquent lord of taps 681
at plays 289, 491,616
attempt to prevent bearbaiting at
Chesterton 297-304
attend unauthorized spectacles to detect
members of the university 272
books of 794
feast of (Sunday before Circumcision),
music at 38-43. 51-9
payments to or for 11, 41, 44, 57, 66,
88, 198-9, 256, 307, 312-13, 317, 663;
for entertainments 494, 532, 566; fines
for attending unauthorized spectacles
271
wages of 616
Bedford, duke of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
- earl of see Russell, Francis
Beeston ..... tailor 530
Bell ..... tradesman 226
- Richard, carpenter 221
- Robert, carpenter 156, 179, 193, 195
bells 228, 232
of Great St Mary's Church 504
of St Benet's Church 560, 566
See also under costume, articles of
Bellurn Grarnrnaticale 847, 854
Belton, Suff, players of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Tbe Benefice 934-5
Benet College see Corpus Christi College
Benne (Bende), Anthony, manservant and
innkeeper [1600] 297-8
- mother, innkeeper (?), widow of Anthony
425, 435
Bergavenny (Bergeveney), Lady see Patrons
and Travelling Companies under
Abergavenny
Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb 858
1442 INDEX
Bettson ..... joiner, master of John Bowles
445, 458
Biam (Bian, Byam, Byem, Byham; Brian?),
Samuel, trumpeter 549, 555-6, 560, 568,
577, 591,595, 597, 607, 619, 624,627-8,
632, 635, 649, 652, 654, 656, 658, 662,
664, 674, 680, 733, 1003; see also Brian
Bible, Latin 233
Bikerdike (Bykerdyke), Ralph, brewer,
mayor (1537-8 & 1545-6) 130 [CBD]
bills
of complaint 303, 424
of expense 36, 39, 103, 107-9, 113-15,
120-2, 126, 130, 149, 154-7, 167-8,
176-9, 185-8, 192-3, 200, 208-9,
211-18, 224-5, 245-68, 285, 311, 325,
331,344, 352, 354, 371-2, 376-7, 490,
497-501,516, 523, 527, 530-1,559-60,
565-6, 609, 619, 650, 677-8, 695, 711,
842
playbills 340, 342, 725
See also under weapons
Birck, Sixt, humanist playwright, play by
703, 968, 982
Bird (Birde, Burd, Byrd, Byrde), William,
university wait, trumpeter, lord of taps
309-10, 317, 320,322,324-35, 370, 734,
740-1, 744, 1003, 1225, 1231; see also
Byrd, Byrde
The Birth of Hercules 935
births, royal, celebrated 106, 517, 520, 653-
4, 664
bloodshed 308; see also assault and mayhem
Blount, William, Lord Mountjoy 355
Blyse ..... workman 500
Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian author 901
Boccas see Baccas
Boischot (Boschet), Ferdinand, ambassador
for the Hapsburg Netherlands 583,
587-8
Bokenham ..... minstrel 10, 1198
Bonarelli della Rovere, Guido, Italian
playwright, play by 922
Bonde ..... workman 517
bonds see fines
bonfires
at birth of princess 664, 1251
on Accession Day 391
on anniversary of return of Charles from
Spain 675
on Gunpowder Conspiracy Day 583,603,
606, 623, 655, 675
books 152, 160, 232, 505, 526, 576, 721
bedells' 794
butlers' 257
household account books 812
music books 350, 354, 610, 694
play books 230-1,722
unbound 162, 174
See also Cambridge University records
Boot and Spur 892, 900
Booth, William, tiler 676-7, 688
booths
at Gog Magog Hills for games 570-2, 706
at Sturbridge Fair 309, 516, 561,619, 734
Boschet see Boischot
Bosse ..... scrivener 526
Boston, Linc 822
Botes ..... workman 261
Botman ..... carpenter (?) 182
Boulogne, France, celebrations for capture of
130, 733
Bowles, John, joiner, journeyman or
apprentice of Bettson 445-6, 458, 474
bowling 572, 683
students forbidden to frequent bowling
places 357
boy-bishop
at All Saints' Church 127
at gc 29, 32-3, 44, 53-6, 61-2, 72, 79-88,
99-100, 108
attendants of 29, 54
chaplain of 80
cloth for robes of 32, 54-5
costume of 32, 44, 50-55, 79-84, 105, 731,
1201
drink for 44, 53, 61
father of 100
gloves of, for bedells 44
pittances for 54, 84, 86, 88, 99-100, 108
INDEX 1443
Boyes (Boys, Boyse), Daniel, bookbinder,
son-in-law of Jarmin Ward 430, 443, 457,
466, 501, 526, 1031, 1235
boys (lads) 435
as actors 88, 219, 668, 711, 721,845, 879
as attendants of boy-bishop 29, 54
as musicians' sons or servants 58
as performers 58
as servants 213
as waits 141, 742 (boy trebles)
dressed as women 543-4, 668, 819
See also apprentices; children; and youths
Brackyn (Bracken, Brakhen, Brakin,
Brakyn), Francis, recorder of
Cambridge, son of Richard 424, 505, 540,
1241
- Richard, recorder of Cambridge, mayor
1549-50, father of Francis 223,299, 302
- Thomas, mayor (1524-5 & 1543-4) 130
Bradenham, Bucks 328
Bradshaw, John, showman 417
Brakhen (Brakin, Brakyn) see Brackyn
Brandon (Braunden), Thomas, juggler of
Henry vm 105-6, 109, 111, 1203
Brasbrege (Bresbreg), Thomas, esquire
bedell, Christmas lord 82-3, 736 [CBD]
Brasy (Brasie), Richard, cooper, town
treasurer 1539-40 166 [Cooper]
Braun, Georg, cartographer 703, 846, 1255
Braunden see Brandon
Braybrook .... 31
breakfasts, for entertainers 183, 202, 206,
209, 215, 222, 256
Bresbreg see Brasbrege
Brewer, Matthew, carpenter (?) 222
Brian ..... messenger 520 [same as Biam?]
Brice, John 43
Bright, William, mayor (1571-2) 263
Bristol, Glouc, waits of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Bromley, Thomas, lord chancellor 291 [DUB]
Brooke, William, Lord Cobham 304
Brookes, John, tailor and clothier,
journeyman or apprentice of Kenadi
408
Browne (Brown) ..... workman 500
- John, wait 611-15, 672, 678, 698, 738,
741-2, 744, 1003, 1008, 1010, 1252, 1254
Bruges, satin of 153, 181,220, 294
Brussels, Hapsburg Netherlands 845
Bucer, Martin, theologian 811-12
Buchanan (Buckananus), George, Scottish
humanist playwright 119, 703, 852; plays
by 969, 971,980-1
Buckhurst, Lord see University Index under
Sackville, Thomas
Buckingham College see Magdalene College
Buckingham, duke or marquess of see
University Index under Villiers, George
and Patrons and Travelling Companies
under Buckingham
buffoons see jesters
bull-baiting 811
butcher prosecuted for killing bull unbaited
700, 820
prohibited and suppressed 259, 342,395-7,
399-400, 645-6, 709, 779; at Gog Magog
Hills 571-3, 727
scholars forbidden to watch: at GC 267;
throughout the university 357, 381
See also bullring
Bullock .... , carpenter 275
bullring, in the market 395, 593, 651, 1244
as a place for punishment 407, 409, 412, 457
for bear-baiting 298, 301
Burd see Bird
burgesses, of Cambridge, in corporation 797
in Corpus Christi procession 733
scholars accused of disparaging 382
See also townsmen
Burgh, Thomas, Lord Burgh (Burros) 355
Burghley, Lord see University Index under
Cecil, William
burlesques see praevarications and
processions
Burton ..... joiner 501, 530
Burwell, John, apothecary 152, 177, 179
Bury St Edmunds, Suff
players of 711
rope-dancing at 573
INDEX 1447
children, hurt by lion 665
choirs and choristers
at gc 81, 166, 376, 779
at TC 376, 779
children of Chapel Royal 759
master of 376
singing-men 274, 581
See also musicians, chapel under musicians
Christ Church, Oxford 775, 857, 861
Christmas (day and tide)
as beginning of accounting year 771,775-6
festivities: at gc 157; at ou 683; at sJ 561;
at TC 165-6, 187
music on day or eve of 35, 63, 730, 822
payments to waits and minstrels at 3-13,
19-21, 32-47, 50-62, 71,165, 174, 202-
8, 223, 280, 283-4
playsor shows at 715:at cc 516, 578,751 ;
at c8 117, 148,251 ; at CL 648? at JE 245,
280, 287, 372;at gC 50, 58, 64, 68, 72-4,
80-4, 90, 110-12, 125, 131, 142, 156,
193, 712,756, 845;at K8 607 62? 67;at
QU 174-5, 205, 714; at S 116, 129,
287-8, 572, 712, 769; at TC 165--6,
186--8, 191--2, 198, 202, 209, 215,
373, 844; before Elizabeth , proposed
346
riot at cc at 582-3
students forbidden to go guising at 619
trumpeters at: at cc 330, 368; at CL 370;
at JE 653;at gC 283,373,391 ;at QU 284,
331, 595, 627, 672
Christmas lords, college 729, 731,811
at c8 117, 146, 199, 201,204
at cc (dean?) 582, 731, 1205
at gc (king) 146, 150, 157, 200
ats 143, 152,159-60, 165, 202,206, 214,
220, 321,769; election and duties of
132-3; fellows petition for abolition of
321
at To(emperor)150, 155, 157, 183, 186--7,
190-1, 200, 202
prohibited by university 164, 619?
to be approved by vc and heads of colleges
203, 260, 779
Christmas lords and ladies, parish 709, 731,
736
at Holy Trinity, gatherings of 82-3; visits
cH 177, 204?
at St Andrew's 178
at St Edward's 108
A Christmas Messe 893, 900
Christ's College, Cambridge (originally
God's House) 509, 706, 708, 748-9
Christmas observances at 117, 148, 731,
736
fool's day at, supposed 988-9
hall of 113, 173, 223, 509, 715
music at 740, 742
plays at or by students of 104-8, 113, 117,
133-44, 148, 167, 173, 177-8, 184-8,
711-15, 721, 742, 964-71,990; see also
plays, college
saitings at 997-1001
show at 192; see also shows
See also under waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Christ's College, records of
accounts 104-20, 124, 128, 142-4, 148-9,
155, 164-7, 173, 177-8, 184-8, 192-4,
201-13,245, 251,260-66, 272,277-81,
286, 305-6, 313,317-22,329, 336,343,
349-51,357, 367-75, 379, 383, 390-2,
397-400, 404, 413-21,487, 492, 516,
521,545,553-6, 562-3,567, 574-7, 582,
589, 594,599-605, 615,623-9, 647, 652,
656-60, 670, 674, 683, 816
audits 223
ChHstus THumphans 221,969, 979
church vestments (used or reused as
costumes) 123, 189, 756
aibs 144, 153-4, 181
chalice palls 181
chasubles (vestments) 152-3
copes 123, 127, 152-4, 180-1,232-3,
842
daimatic (deacon's coat) 123
high mass sets (suits) 152-3
maniples (fanons) 153
mitres 123-4, 162, 220, 843
INDEX 1449
coats (cont)
Leno's 170, 219-20
long (side) 196, 219-20
men's 147, 186, 190, 219, 843
Mercury's 186
Miles' 219, 843
of clouds 196
of scallop shells 219
painted 196, 219
parasite's 223, 288
Phedria's 843
piper's 127
Rusticus' 127
servants' 126, 160, 219
shepherd's 527
shipman's 124, 126, 160
soldiers' 843
sword bearer's 219
Theano's (error for Thraso's?) 186
Thraso's 182, 190
Thraso's servant's 843
women's 197, 220
See also arms and armour; gowns; and
stage keepers, costumes of
Cobb, Richard, constable of Chesterton 325,
339-40, 1224-5
Cobham, Lord see Brooke, William
Cochey, Cochy see Cutchey
cockfights 402-3, 660
scholars forbidden to watch 259, 381,
723
coffers see chests
Colchester Castle, library of 806
Cole, Francis, pseudonym of Abraham
Cowley 884, 995
- Henry, chapel musician 1003
Richard, carpenter, journeyman of Peare
408-9
Colebrande, Edward, player 553 [Nungezer]
Coil, Richard, shoemaker 83
collectors see gatherers
college feasts 729-30
at QU 628
at TC 253
end of term feast at cc 260
founder's feast at Kc 380
See also Christmas; Corpus Christi Day;
St Catharine's Day; St John before the
Latin Gate; St John the Evangelist's
Day; St Margaret's Day; and St Peter
ad vincula
colleges, Cambridge 242,247, 271,354, 505,
620, 706-7, 717
halls of 409, 715, 720, 729, 876, 878
See also names of specific colleges
Colunna, Don Carlos de, Spanish
ambassador 583, 587-8
comedians 852, 859, 874
comedies, college 230-2, 242-3, 703-4,
853-4, 860, 964-76; supposed 988
at Audley End before Elizabeth 1 281,810
at Newmarket before James I 598, 810;
satirized 878-80
at Royston before James 552, 810
satirized 878-80
audit 519-20, 548
by CH 522, 749
by CL 377--8, 491, 529-32, 551, 566
by cc 179, 201, 278, 282, 305, 516
by EM 753-4
by GC 267, 546
by E 280, 583
by gc 230, 236-7, 344, 352, 358, 367-8,
372, 405, 523, 539, 853
by KH 84, 711
by PH 263-4
byQu 93-5,122, 125, 129, 142-3, 144-7,
150-2, 164-5, 168, 181-2, 186, 205, 214,
217-18, 225, 245, 265, 268, 287, 337,
351, 356-7, 607, 630-51, 655, 6617
678-9, 682, 810, 881-3
by sJ 109, 114-15, 120-2, 132-3,307, 311,
321,371,401, 534-5, 540-4, 573-4,
712-13, 715, 770
by TC 187, 192, 200, 209, 211, 225, 311,
325, 331, 355, 373--4, 417, 489--90,
497-501, 507, 514--15, 519-20, 526--8,
538-41, 548, 576, 586-9, 609--10,
615-26, 630--51,666-8, 693,698-9, 701,
713-14, 774--5, 810, 847-9, 854, 860,
1450 INDEX
comedies, college (cont)
881-5; riot at 425-86; abolished under
Commonwealth 844
Greek 111, 115, 118, 155
Latin 538, 572, 668, 711, 713, 729, 755,
759, 855-6, 858-9, 862
propriety of scholars' playing in 247
students' behaviour at, university decrees
on 409-12,502-3, 537-8, 585-6, 597-8,
620-1,636-7, 666-7
See also royal visits and performances and
titles of specific plays
comedies, professional see plays,
professional
commencement 1037
at Oxford 335, 665, 741
bachelors' (Lent Acts) 354-5, 409, 438-9,
496, 572, 715
ceremorties irt presertce of royalty: Prince
Charles and Frederick v 507-11,515-16;
Charles Lewis 666-8
exercises: in arts (philosophy) 244, 515,
667, 858; in divinity 515; see also
disputations
honorary MA conferred on Prince Charles
503,509-11,515; on French ambassador
621
masters' (great) 291,507-8, 779, 881-2;
dinner for 372
payments to musicians and entertainers at
217, 224, 274, 343, 368, 370, 384, 402,
524-5, 547, 569, 575-6, 584, 602, 606,
627-8, 654, 683, 695, 730, 732
praelector (father), role of 508, 578
seating for 507-8
tobacco forbidden during 409
tripos, role of 572
commissary, university 561-2, 594, 681,
780
Compton, William, Lord Compton, later
earl of Northampton, father of Spencer
Compton (see University Index) 355
Tle Conceited Pedlar 890-1,895, 975
conducts 58
Confessor 936
congregation, university see
commencement
conjurors 124, 710
constables, resist university's jurisdiction
over plays and shows at Chesterton
297-305, 325-9, 339-43; at Howes
Green 491 ; ordered to cooperate 395-6,
645-6
Conway, Edward, Viscount Conway,
secretary of state 598, 857, 862
Cooke, George, victualler 571
- William, chandler (?) 187-8, 191
- widow, tenant of Michael Palmer 745
Corbet (Corbett),...., glazier 546
- Richard, bishop of Oxford and later of
Norwich, poet 541,861, 866-7
Cornelianum Dolium 939
Cornell, Wysse, townsman 83
Coronation Day
of Elizabeth (15 January), music on, at
324, 352
of James (25 July), music on, at sJ 423
of Charles ? (2 February), trumpeting on,
at Qu 628
corporation of Cambridge 797
'abused' by Mayor French 533
entertainment for 47, 115, 619, 711
feasting of 338; at Twelfthtide 263
presented to Prince Charles and Frederick
v 505
satirized in a play at CL 377-8, 382
See also burgesses; Cambridge town
records; and townsmen
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (Benet
College) 201,706-7, 733, 751-3
Christmas observances at 41-4, 51,731,
736
music at 729-30, 740
plays ator by students of 115-16, 201,712,
714, 966-8, 972-5; to be approved by
president before performance 578; see
also plays, college
stage at 994
See also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
INDEX 1451
Corpus Christi College, records of
accounts 10, 16-17, 38-44, 51-9
audits 167, 179, 201-4, 210, 216,
245-60, 273-4, 278-82, 287, 293, 305-6,
310-12,317, 322, 330, 336, 343, 350-2,
368-75,379, 383, 390-3,397-400, 404,
413-18, 422, 487, 492, 516-17, 522, 546,
553, 557, 563, 567, 574, 578, 582, 590,
594, 599-605, 615,623-6, 630, 648, 652,
657, 661,670, 675, 683-7, 694-7
chapter book 563, 567, 578, 582-3
LiberCommunarum 87-120, 125-31,149,
185, 189, 193-5, 201-4
Corpus Christi Day (Thursday after Trinity
Sunday)
as feast day ofcc 16, 57, 730, 733, 1198
payments to waits on 4, 57
plays on 1197
vizards used on 5
Corpus Christi Guild 5, 723, 751
procession of 5, 107? 733
costume61-4, 99, 107, 112-13, 117-25, 130,
144-62, 167-9, 172, 177-90, 196-8, 214,
218, 355, 500, 523, 534, 679, 688, 695,
711, 719, 748, 750, 756, 766, 770, 774,
842-3, 853, 859
for college players 97, 107-8, 117, 127,
144-6, 148, 153-5, 163, 165, 172-3, 180,
182, 189-90, 196, 198, 204, 208
for minstrels 63, 65
for players 61
women's 97, 170, 179, 190, 197, 204, 220,
543-4, 668, 719, 721
See also dress, articles of; materials for
costumes and plays
costume, academic
caps 504, 510, 620; round 467, 473-4;
square 467
gowns 309, 360-1,435,445-8,454, 462-7,
472-7, 481, 504, 508
habits 227-8,232, 378,447, 504, 509, 510,
620
hoods 227-8, 447, 454, 504-8, 620
costume, articles of
bands 536
beards, false 127-8, 151-2, 162, 171,207,
220, 226, 314, 719, 843, 859, 988
bells 225-6, 879, 1026
bodices, nether 160
bolsters 127, 196 (on shoulders)
bongrace 843
boots 501,673; see also buskins
breast, fury's 172
breeches 197, 219; see also slops
buskins 501
capes 160, 169, 181, 196, 219
cassocks 169, 182, 190;woman's 181,186
cauls 107, 127, 160, 171-2, 181, 843
chain (?) (carol) 220
coifs 146-7, 170, 182, 201
collars 124, 152, 160-1, 182
copotains 162? 171-2, 294
crowns 127-8, 161-2, 171-2, 190-1,220,
719
cuffs 536
doublets 124, 126, 181, 536, 685, 842;
death's 161; see also jackets and jerkins
farthingales 181
frocks 169, 182, 186, 190
fronters 842
frontlets 153-4, 171
garters 534,536,673,685 ; for knights of the
Garter 160
girdle 294
hair, false 197; see also beards
heads 162, 171,314, 843; death's 161;
Mercury's 162
headgear 128, 202 see cauls, coifs,
copotains, and nightcaps
headpiece 182
hoods 126, 161,204; Apollo's 190; fool's
170, 197; French 160, 182, 186, 843
horns (for devils) 161
jackets and jerkins 123-4, 160-1,170, 181,
191, 196-8, 220, 294, 719; Miles' 126;
with stars 126, 197; see also doublets
kirtles 161,182, 186, 190, 202; Paupertas'
127
mantles, Phoebus' 672-3, 685 (robes)
masks 158, 162 (black), 171 (gold), 731;
1452 INDEX
costume, articles of (cont)
death's 147; devil's 147; Jupiter's (gold)
127, 162; see also vizards
nightcaps 162, 171, 183
nun's habit 673
overbody, woman's 170
pantofles 849
piccadill 673
points 294, 678
roll (of hair) 197
ruff 879
sleeves 123, 126-7, 146, 160-1,171,181-2,
186, 190; half 196, 219; hanging 201;
women's 170-1,220, 843
slops 124, 126-7, 146, 161, 170, 181,
842-3; Miles' 843; shipmen's 160, 219;
see also breeches
socks 197, 857; see also stockings
star, gold, for Mercury's head 162
stockings 534, 536; see also socks
townsmen's clothes 377
vizards 5, 171,673, 723, 843,
859, 988
wings, angels' 190
See also arms and armour; caps; church
vestments; cloaks; coats; gowns; hats;
hose; rods, staffs, and wands; shoes;
suits; trimming for costumes; and wigs
council, town or common see corporation of
Cambridge
The Country Court 764, 859, 936
courtiers, at royal visits to Cambridge 234,
504-8, 539, 542,620, 638,666, 859, 864
satirized 869-72
courts of law 458
commissary's 780-1
consistory 379, 492
King's Bench 542, 873
piepowder 781
vc's 780-1
Coventry, Thomas, Lord Coventry of
Aylesborough, keeper of the great seal
643, 645
Coventry, Warw 527; lottery at 732
Cox, Sir Richard 498
Crackyngthorpe (Crakthrope), John, mayor
(1506-7) 82 [C D]
Cranborne, Viscount see University Index
under Cecil, Robert
Craner (or Craver) ..... minstrel 12
Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop of
Canterbury 982 [Dra]
Crawford see Crowfoote
cressets see under lights and lighting
Croffoot, Crofoote see Crowfoote
Croft, James, controller of the royal
household 12
Cromell, Sir Henry 235
Cropley, Edward, mayor (1612-13 &
1638-9) 505, 660, 680, 1251
Crowfoote (Crawford, Croffoot, Crofoote,
Crowfoot), Alice 1230
- Thomas, host of the White Horse [1600],
father of John (see University Index)
1229-30
De Crumena Perdita 191,929, 967
Crumenaria 248, 929, 971, 1212
crutches 678
Cryswell (Karsewell), Harry, townsman
82-3
Curculio 216, 969
Curryer ..... tailor 102, 104
cushions 233, 508, 511
Cutchey (Cochey, Cochy, Cutchie), John,
carriers, father and son (?) 352, 450, 500,
571
The Cutter of Coleman Street 899
cymbalists 36
Daintrey, Thomas, constable of Chesterton
325
La Dalida 921
Daltun ..... musician (?) 72, 738, 1004, 1201
damages, award of 361,387, 390, 409, 411
Danby, earl of see Danvers
dancers and dancing 27, 660, 735
rustic 236
prinkum-prankum 879, 882, 1026
dancers, parish 709-10, 734-5, 764
girls as 20-17 24? 25, 30, 33
INDEX 1455
dress, articles of (cont)
rings 367
stockings 534
See also costume, academic and costume,
articles of
dressers and dressing 155, 262, 490, 679
The Drinking Academy 939-40
Drommond, David, satirized in Ignoramus
540
drummers 191,224, 696, 729
drums 159, 172, 199-200, 220, 619, 683
heading or mending of 157, 191, 195,206,
215, 258, 274, 305
parchment for 255
sticks 157, 161, 171-2
drunkenness 409-10, 599
Dudley, John, earl of Warwick see Patrons
and Travelling Companies under
Warwick
Duke, John, player, of London 403-4, 725,
986, 1203, 1213, 1233 [Nungezer]
Duns Furens. Dick Harvey in a Frensie
764-5, 850, 886, 930, 973
Durdon (Durden) ..... hardwareman 498,
500
Dutton, John or Laurence, player, of the
queen's men 340, 1225
Dyccon of Bedlam see Gammer Gurton's
Needle
Dyvall see Divall
East ..... servant of bishop of Ely 417
Eccles, John 3
'The Echo,' poem 884
Edes, Richard, dean of Christ Church,
playwright 851 [DNB]
Edinburgh, Scotland, public celebrations for
capture of 131, 733
Edmund, tailor 167, 173
Edmunds (Edmondes), Brigit, wife of John
the younger 363-7, 1229
- John the elder, mayor (1586-7 & 1605-6),
father of John the younger 254,
1228-9
See also University Index
Edward , king of England, letters patent of
1233
Edward w, king of England 135, 756, 1211 ;
see also Patrons and Travelling
Companies under King
Edwards, Richard, playwright 852
Egerton, Sir Thomas, Baron Ellesmere and
Viscount Brackley, lord chancellor 424,
863 [DNB]
Eirene see Peace
Elarye ..... errand boy (?) 405
elephant, showing of 594, 727, 780
Elizabeth , queen of England 106, 703-4,
982
entertained at Cambridge or by Cambridge
students 224-5, 227-44, 345-7, 712-13,
715-17, 719, 721-2, 740, 756, 778-9,
810, 1216-17, 1219-20, 1226, 1257
present to 281
See also Accession Day and Patrons and
Travelling Companies under Queen
Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia 125
childbirth of, celebrated 517, 520
marriage of 493, 1237-8
players of 725, 1248
See also Patrons and Travelling Companies
under Queen of Bohemia
Ellis, John, elephant keeper 594
Ely, bishop of 235, 417, 780
Ely, Camb 274, 730
Ely diocesan records 812
Emmanuel College, Cambridge 753-4; see
also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Emmanuel College, records of
bursar's accounts 370-2, 393, 397-400,
405, 413-18, 422, 487, 493, 517, 522,
546, 553,557, 567, 575,615-16, 623-7,
630, 648, 653, 661,675, 684, 694
steward's book 631,661
entertainers 7-8, 107
members of pr forbidden to attend public
performances by 3
See also waits, Cambridge and Patrons and
Travelling Companies
INDEX 1457
The Fens 705-6
Fenton, Lord see Patrons and Travelling
Companies under Fentoun
Ferrers (Ferris), Edward, playwright 851
festivals 715, 741
parochial 107, 812-13; at All Saints' 8, 15?
17-22, 734; at Great St Mary's 4-27,
40-4, 51, 734-5; at Little St Mary's
18-33, 46, 54, 734-5, 764
See also Appendix 18
Feuster see Foyster
fiddlers 654, 688, 857
Fidus Pastor 853; see also Pastor Fidus
Filli di Sciro 922
fines, bail, and bonds 780
for not performing comedies: at sJ 133; at
Ol3 205; at GC 267
of entertainers for playing in or about
Cambridge 363, 396, 403-4, 571-2,
645-6
of students for attending public spectacles
259, 271 ; at GC 267; for riotous behaviour
at plays 361, 385-90, 407-9, 411-12,
491; for using tobacco 409-10
Finet, Sir John, king's master of ceremonies
1248, 1252
fires (for heat) 530; see also fuel
Fitzroy, Henry, duke of Richmond see
Patrons and Travelling Companies
Handers, regent of see Philip
Fletcher, Giles, poet 1229
- John, manservant, of Ware 365-7
Flower, John 638, 640
flying apparatus see stage machinery
food and drink 61, 75, 116, 226, 287, 305,
349, 354, 409-10, 531,612, 634
for royal visit 534
for scene painters 531
for wait's apprentices 612-13
for performers 27, 31, 47, 142-3,672,698,
721
See also breakfasts; dinners; meals; and
suppers
food and drink, kinds of
bread 7, 516, 535, 734; diet 489
butter 192
cakes 150
cheese 166, 210
desserts and sweets: cares 157, 213; comfits
67; junkets 114-15; suckers 150; wafers
166
drink: ale 157, 166; aqua vitae 185; beer
6-7, 73, 145, 466, 516, 535, 617, 734,
781 ; double 210, 226; sack 498; wine 44,
47, 49, 53, 55, 65, 67-70, 74, 90-1,
103-4, 146, 150, 155, 166, 169, 177,210,
263, 354, 366, 374, 489, 498, 505? 511,
540, 568,609, 654,679; burnt 489, 633,
679; Rhine 493, 509
fish 533
fruit: apples 146, 177; strawberries 80
marmalade 150
meat 167, 202,206,222,225,321,323,612;
cold 679; carpenters' 499; mutton 165,
169, 192, 194, 209, 273, 281, 307, 312;
veal 192; venison 68-9
pies 498, 679
puddings 165-6
sugar 166, 493
fools see under play characters
fool's day (supposed) 988-9
footbal| 811, 1222
Fordam (Fordham), William 450, 456-7,
466, 476, 485, 1032
Forester (Forister), James, servant ofsJ 255,
720
- Robert 407
forms see benches under theatres
Forrest, John, workman 261
Fortunia see Susenbrotus
Foxe, John, martyrologist and playwright,
play by 703, 969, 979 [Draa]
Foxton, Edward 328-9, 334
Foyster (Feuster), George, smith, mayor
(1523-4) 83 [CAD]
France 119-20; see also Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Francis, head porter of s 444,456,459-60,
467, 469, 475-6, 480, 482,485, 1032, 1235
INDEX 1461
Hardwick (cont )
191-2? 198, 208, 221, 261
Hardy, John, treasurer of Corpus Christi
Guild 5
Harper, Thomas, servant of the vc 101, 114
harpers 48, 88, 91, 117, 655; see also waits,
Cambridge
Harrow, John, mason 677
Harvey (Harvaye, Harvye), John, workman
288, 500
- John, grocer 328-9, 334
- William, workman 500
Hasill (Hassell, Hassil, Hassyi, Hasyil),
William, bailiff, mayor (1535-6, 1544-5,
& 1557-8) 99, 106, 110, 115, 130
Hasner ..... player (?) leader of Hasner's men
163, 1208
hasps, for chests 214
Hassell, Has(s)yl(I) see Hasill
Hatfield, Hefts 857
Hathway, Richard, playwright 852
Hatley ..... 585
hats 123-4, 146, 198, 534, 672, 679
broad 162, 197
copotains 162? 171-2, 294
crowns of 162
paste 127, 162
peaked 197
with steeples 127, 162
See also caps
Hawarth see Howorth
Hawes, Catharine, townswoman 89
hawking 879
Hay (Hayes), James, earl of Carlisle 622
- William, Lord Hay, later earl of Erroli 507
Hayward, John 860, 1258
Headon ..... tailor 184-5
heads of colleges 232-4, 707, 748, 779
Christmas lords to be approved by 203,260
dinners for, with entertainment 199-200
master of sJ opposes plays and saitings 321
master of Tc opposes staging Loiola 587
opinion of, on lawfulness of acting 247; on
men acting women's parts 542-4
president of Or3, criticized for allowing
play satirizing puritanism 682-3
provost of KC, performances before 45, 53,
55, 58, 82; receives Elizabeth 232-3,
243
refuse to allow play 626
responsibility for death of vc Butts 642-3
Heath, George, mason 444-5, 459? 469,
475-6, 484
heaven (stage machinery) 155, 174; see also
scenery
Hebborne (Heabborne), John, gentleman
usher in the royal household 551
Hecuba 208, 968, 1214
Hell 151,965, 979
Helle, John, mat maker (?) 224
Hengrave Hall, Surf 822
Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles
childbirth celebrated 653, 664, 1251
entertained at Cambridge 630, 637-42,737
Henry , king of England 399, 1226
Henry vl, king of England 380, 507, 1232
[o/n]; see also Patrons and Travelling
Companies under King
Henry w, king of England 1201 [o/n]; see
also Patrons and Travelling Companies
under King
Henry wl, king of England 155, 1206
players of 711 [o/n]; see also Brandon,
Thomas and Patrons and Travelling
Companies under King
Henry, prince of Wales 503,536, 1240 [D//]
obsequies at Cambridge 497, 1238
See also Patrons and Travelling Companies
under Prince
- Count see Hohenlohe-Waldenburg
- painter 246, 1217
heralds 184, 660?
Herbert, Sir Henry, master of the revels
637-8, 1249 [D/n]
- William, earl of Pembroke, lord
chamberlain 510-11 [D/n]; see also
Patrons and Travelling Companies under
Pembroke
Hercules Furens 229, 1216
1462 INDEX
Hereford, duke of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Hereford, Heref 228
Herodes 936-7
Herodotus, Greek historian 889
Heteroclitanomalonomia 900
Hewarden, 'blind' John, wait 210, 227,
250-1,740, 1005
Hewes, Robert, butcher (?) 700
Hey for Honest., Down with Knavery 900-1
Hickeson (Hixon), Thomas 470
Hill, William (?) 467, 474, 477, 483
Hilton (Hylton), John, musician 351,354,
359, 369, 381,384,394,414,417, 1010,
1233 [New Grove]
Hinchingbrooke House, Camb 235, 719
masque at 810
Hinde (Hind, Hynde), Sir Edward, mayor
(1617-18), son of Sir Francis 561, 1243
- Jane, Lady Hinde, granddaughter of Sir
Edward 684
See also University Index
hinges 159
Hinxton, Camb 684
Hippolytus 180, 720, 756, 966
Hispanus 770, 901,946-7, 973
Histrio-mastix 856
Hixon see Hickeson
Hobby (Hobbye) ..... bailiff 143, 150
Hobson (Hobsonn), Thomas, carrier 288,
308
Hocktide (2nd Monday and Tuesday after
Easter) 1200
music on Hock Tuesday 259
payment to waits at 129, 415
See also gatherers
Hogmagog see Gog Magog
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, Philip Hem3',
count of, ambassador extraordinar 3, for
Maurice, stadholder of the United
Netherlands 512, 515
Holcot, Robert, theologian 1197-8 [or/]
Holland, earl of see University Index under
Rich, Hem 3 , and Patrons and Travelling
Companies under Holland
- William, mayor (1631-2) 635
Holies, Francis, father of William 858
- Gervase, editor of Memorials 858, 1258
- John, son of Sir John and brother of Denzil
1240
See also University Index
Holmes, Thomas, composer and singer 704,
1010, 1026 [New Grove]
Holy Innocents' Day (Childermas, 28
December), music on 36, 729
payments to minstrels on 29, 34-8, 40-51,
58-70, 75-8, 89-90, 112
plays on: at/tc 47? 58? 711; at re 202
Holy Trinity Church 1002
accounts of 82-3
Christmas lords and lady 82-3; at cH 177,
204?
Hocktide gatherers at 82
lecture in 682
Holy Trinity Hostel 47
Home, Elizabeth, wife of Theophilus, Lord
Howard de Walden, later earl of Suffolk
540
Homer, Greek poet 119, 852
Hontter, Richard, townsman 83 [Clm]
Hookes ..... singing-man of Ely Cathedral
274, 730, 1219
hooks 150, 158, 211
hoops 180, 262
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus), Roman
poet 119
horses and horsemen 185, 225,498,621,639,
678
dancing horse 619
races 571
hose 97, 104, 124, 146, 170, 181,208, 220,
294,719, 842-3,879; with feathers 127,
161, 197; with stars 126, 197
barrier 536
death's 161, 197
devil's 127
Gnato's 219
Mercury's 186
parasite's 223
servants' 160
INDEX 1463
hose (cont)
shipman's 197
See also socks and stockings under
costume, articles of
hostels and halls 706-7, 1199; see also names
of specific hostels
houses
private, performances in 99, 106, 115, 166,
263, 322, 338, 490
waits' 610, 612-13, 694, 742, 745
Howard, Catherine, countess of Salisbury
540
Frances, countess of Somerset 540
- Henry, younger son of Thomas, earl of
Suffolk, wife of 540
See also University Index
Howell ..... caterer (?) 213
Howes, Edmund, chronicler 1258
The Howes, Camb, games and sports
suppressed at 291-2, 491,723, 727, 779
Howorth (Hawarth, Howarth), Randolph
(Ralph, Randall), musician, lord of taps
412, 561-2, 734, 1005
Howsden ..... craftsman 500
Hudson, Juda ('Jumping Judy') 570-1
Hugh, instrument mender see Rose, Hugh
Hull see Kingston upon Hull
Hulten ..... shoemaker 530
Humphry, Anthony, showman 486
Hunting ..... carpenter (?) 499-500
- John, minstrel 1005
hunting, by James at Newmarket 541,864
Huntingdon, earl of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Huntingdon, Hunts 155, 498, 810; see also
Patrons and Travelling Companies
Huntingdonshire 235
Hutton ..... goldsmith 214
Hyddonn, William (?) townsman 82
Hylton see Hilton
Hymenaeus 901-2, 944, 972
Hynde see Hinde
Hypocrisis (Ypocrisis) 157, 712, 966, 979
Ignatius Loyola see Loiola
Ignoramus 538, 540, 541-4, 550-2, 638,
703-4, 714-15, 719-21, 750, 860-78,
894, 902-3, 910, 916, 920, 943-4,954-5,
974-5, 1040
incorporation, academic 503, 510-11,621
Gl'Ingannati 906
injuries see mayhem
inns 725, 727, 820
bear-baiting in, at Chesterton 299-302,362
cockfights in 403, 660
performers entertained in 92, 103, 249
plague time, forbidden to all classes during
599
plays in 326, 340, 343, 362, 727
students forbidden to frequent: by GC 267;
by PH 3; by sJ 101; by university 409;
punished 382
tobacco forbidden in 538, 586, 597
inns of court, London 574, 645
students of, compared to players 847
students' reaction to Ignoramus 873-7
Middle Temple hall as model for that of Tc
775
inns, particular
the Bear, plays and interludes in 378, 727,
741,984; see also Gibbons, William and
Mary
the Blue Boar, cockfighting in 660, 1251;
see also Goodin, Andrew
the Crown 431,459, 483; see also Archer,
Anne and George
the Dolphin 505
the Eagle 727
the Elephant 362-3, 820, 984; see also
Knightes, Thomas
the Falcon 327-9, 334, 726-7, 820; play at
199-200
the Greyhound (Newmarket) 333
the Saracen's Head 727; play at 199
the Sun 428,430, 438,443,452,464-5,467,
477, 484; see also Whaley, Thomas
the White Horse 708; see also Crowfoote,
Thomas
the Wrestlers 467
See also Benne, Anthony and
INDEX 1465
Johnson (cont )
- Robert, composer 535, 1010, 1240 [New
Grove]
joists 498-9, 689-93
Jonson (Johnson), Ben, poet and playwright
xiv, 535, 704,851,913,984-6, 1240, 1247
Jordan, Thomas, chapel musician 1003
iousts, prohibited 399-400
Jovis et Junonis nuptiae 940
Jubey, Edward, player 553, 1243 [Nungezer]
jugglers 106, 109, 111
prohibited by university 399-400
Julius Caesar 773, 940
jumping, as a sport 572
Jurden, Anthony, goldsmith 172-3
justices of the peace
licences to players conflict with powers of
university 276-7, 292, 300-3, 339
ordered to cooperate in regulating plays
342-3, 349, 395-7, 645-6
vcs' powers as 780-1
Juxon, William, bishop of London, later
archbishop of Canterbury, brother of
Richard (see University Index) 1250-1
Karseweli see Cryswell
Kedington, Surf 821
Kelly, Theodore, soldier 644-5, 1232
Kenadi ..... tailor, master of John Brookes
4O8
Ketcham (Catchum, Kitcham), Edward, wait
611-15, 741, 745, 1005
Keyle, John, carpenter (?) 93
keys 159, 167, 180, 526
Kid see Kyd
Kilburne, Isaac, merchant, of London
412
Killingworth ..... tradesman 677
King (Kinge, Kyng, Kynge) ..... carpenter
159 [same as Richard (?)]; iourneyman or
apprentice of 174
- ..., plumber 254
- Edward, innkeeper 402-3
- Henry, bishop of Chichester, poet 861
- John, carrier and tradesman 676-7
- John, porter of sJ (?) 431,451,456, 476,
1034, 1234
- Richard, smith (?) or chandler (?) 214
King's College, Cambridge 192, 228,
359-64, 405-8, 411,445, 486, 504, 507,
524, 706, 708, 755-9, 1232
choir of 166, 1236; hired for university
commencement 732
Christmas observances at 32-6, 50-64, 74,
80-4, 90, 110-12, 125, 142, 156, 193, 731
disguisings at 36-9, 63-4, 68
'emperor' (Christmas lord) of 146, 150, 155
entertainers at 105, 710-11
music at 201,729-30, 738-9
plays at 61,82-4, 88, 96, 110-12, 125, 131,
142,156, 179-80, 193, 711-14, 719-20;
see also plays, college
provost of 45, 53, 55, 58, 82
shows at 149, 192; see also shows
stages at 156, 193; see also stages, college
Twelfthtide observances at 36-9
See also boy-bishop; players, payments
to; and waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
King's College chapel 180-1,224, 227-8,
232-4, 506, 539
costumes stored in 180
plays in 230-8, 715, 717, 756
music in oron roof of 616, 631,653, 657,
675, 687
King's College hall 64
music in 616, 631,653, 657, 675
plays in 37, 45-50, 55, 58, 61, 67, 73, 78,
112, 149; repairs to, after play 283
theatre built in 179-80, 193, 358
windows of, broken at play 360-2; repaired
after play 406-7
King's College, records of 813, 816
Hatcher's Book 243, 244m, 660
Liber Communarum 33-5, 40, 45-8,
52-66, 72-3, 84-8, 99-100, 108, 523
Mundum Book 31-9, 43-62, 66-90, 96,
1468 INDEX
letters and correspondence (cont)
Sterne, Richard, to William Bray 667
Still, John, and heads to Lord Burghley
346-7
Whitgift, John, and heads to Lord
Burghley 270-1
Whitgift, John, to Lord Burghley 269
Whyte, Rowland, to Sir Robert Sidney 356
letters patent, of James t to university
399-400
Lewyn (Levyn), mother, charwoman (?) 158,
175
lightning, as stage effect 179, 719-20, 756
lights and lighting 234, 498, 500, 655
candles 43, 73, 116-25, 151, 165-9, 173,
187-8, 202,206, 212-14, 255-7, 263-5,
287, 357, 523, 530, 576, 607, 719
candlesticks and candelabra 121,128, 152,
154,208, 211,214, 223,226, 264, 497-9,
678
cressets 163, 263-4
lamps 142-3, 150, 157, 214
lantern 211
links and torches 115, 163, 165, 167, 183,
187-8, 191,245,255,283,373,500, 523,
530, 607, 655, 719; torch staff 234; see
also under weapons
Lilly see Lyly
Lincoln, Linc 741; see also Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Lincolnshire, waits of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Lingua 853, 907, 916, 942, 991-3
links see under lights and lighting and
weapons
Linsey, goodwife 255
Lionel (Leonellus, Lionellus), duke of
Clarence see Patrons and Travelling
Companies under Clarence
lions and leopards, showing of 664-6, 727
Little St Mary's Church see St Mary's
Church, Little
livery, for Cambridge waits 63-79, 85-99,
103-6, 110, 114-16, 119, 124, 129-30,
143, 148, 154, 163, 166, 172, 176, 184,
192, 206, 222, 226, 257, 259, 262, 266,
269, 273, 308, 311-15,319-23, 332,338,
346, 351,355, 359, 369, 371,398, 403,
406, 415, 417, 421,424, 490, 521,549,
556, 560, 570, 577, 581,585, 593, 597,
602, 609, 619, 625, 629, 733, 742
locks 159, 167, 180, 214, 720
Locus, Corpus, Motus 714, 907-8, 944, 950,
974
Lodge, Thomas, playwright 852
loggats 571
prohibited 395, 645-6, 709
Loiola 586-9, 704,720-1,775, 860, 881,897,
908-9, 943-4, 957-9, 975
London, Midd 232,294, 301,303, 345, 534,
541,682, 703, 853, 868, 877
as scene of play 884
bishop of 232; see also Laud, William; and
University Index underJuxon, William
citizens of, recommend musician as lord of
taps 309-10, 412
costumes fetched from for Cambridge
plays 122, 152-3, 238, 355, 530, 719
musicians from, hired for Tc play 498, 500
'Olympic Games' staged in 573
places and buildings in: Cheapside Cross
884; Gray's Inn 874; Grub Street 534;
Lambeth Palace 756; Lombard Street
637; Middle Temple hall 775; the Tower
355, 664-5
plague in 349
players from 847, 879; performing in or
near Cambridge 403, 704; refused
permission 290-1,625; derided in
Cambridge play 640; see also Patrons and
Travelling Companies
playwrights of, educated at Cambridge
704; see also Appendix 16
Long Melford, Surf 821
Longe, Robert, head porter of sJ 1234
Loosemore ..... tradesman 678
lord chamberlain, at Kc play for Elizabeth
234
lord chancellor of England 291,424,
863
INDEX 1469
lord chief justice, angered by Ignoramus 542,
863, 873-4
lord of taps 733-4, 745, 1005-7, 1009
costume of 680-1,733-4
jests of 412
licensed by vc 309-10 or by mayor 561-2,
680-1
Londoners recommend musician to be
309-10, 412
sells ale at Sturbridge Fair 516
lords of misrule, at cc 117
fellows petition for prohibition at sJ 321
sermon against 486
See also Christmas lords
lords see nobility
lotteries 321,436, 731-2
Love's Riddle 1258
Lowin, John, player, of London 879
[Nungezer]
Lowry, John (?) timber merchant, mayor
(1644-5) 678
Lukins, ..., brewer, master of Josias Perry
485
Lumberd, Bartholomew, wait's apprentice
85, 739, 1005-6
Lumley, Lord see University Index under
Lumley, John and Patrons and
Travelling Companies under Lumley
Lunman, 'little,' mountebank (?) 520, 1239
lutanists 61, 125
Luter, Thomas, musician, lutanist (?) 32-6,
38-9, 41,745, 1005
Lutt, Thomas, wait 322, 1006, 1224
Lyly (Lilly), John, author 852 [DNB]
Lynn see King's Lynn
Lyon, John, musician, lord of taps 680, 734,
1006
Mace, Stephen, chapel musician 1002, 1006
Thomas, chapel musician 1006 [DNB]
Machiavellus 770, 909, 943, 947-8, 973
Macropedius, George, humanist playwright,
play by 703, 971, 978
Madingley, Camb, players of 711, 1201 ; see
also Patrons and Travelling Companies
Maerris see Mere
Magdalen College, Oxford 763
Magdalene College, Cambridge 706, 730,
763;see also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Magdalene College, records of
register 274,306-7, 312-13, 317, 320, 376,
380-3, 391-3, 401
Magdeburg, Germany 644
magistrates, disparaged 382
make-up 121
Manchester, earl of see University Index
under Montagu, Henry
Manistye ..... sawyer 500
Manners, Roger, earl of Rutland 304
Mansfield, Nott 858
Manutii, James, scene painter (?) 526
March, earl of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
markets
bulls killed in 700
public shows forbidden at 277
Maro see Virgil
Marprelate, Martin 846
Marquys, Lord Leonard see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Marriage of the Arts see Technogamia
marshal, earl see Patrons and Travelling
Companies under Marshal
Martyn, John, chamberlain of the
Greyhound in Newmarket 333-4, 1225
- John, wait 85, 739, 1006
Mary l, queen of England 756, 1211-13
proclaimed queen at Cambridge 184
See also Patrons and Travelling Companies
under Queen
Mary, queen of Charles I see Henrietta Maria
Mase, James 409
Mason (Masen), George (?) musician 489,
497, 519, 1011, 1236, 1239 [New Grove,
Payne]
- William, musician 249, 253, 745, 1006,
1217
A Masque before Queen Elizabeth 242-3,
712-13, 909-10, 970
1472 INDEX
Modye ..... painter and stainer (?) 498, 1237
Montagu, Charles, kinsman of Edward (see
University Index) 589
Moorton see Murton
More, John, clerk of the crown 647
- John, correspondent 514-16
Moris see Maurice
Morley, Thomas (?) player (?) 356
[Nungezer]
Morrice see Maurice
morris dancers 225, 879, 1026
Morton see Murton
MostellaHa 208, 968, 973
motions, suppressed by university 487
mountebanks, prohibited by the crown
399-400
Mountjoy, Lord see Biount, William
Mourton see Murton
Moynes, Roger, drummer 696
- William, smith (?) 211 [same as William
Mounsey, mayor 1564-5?]
Muncaster, John 430-1,445, 459, 1031
Munday (Mundye), Anthony, playwright
852
Mundus Plumbeus 711,769, 842, 931
Muns, goodman, carrier 288
Murton (Moorton, Morton, Mourton},
Agnes, widow of John 1006
- John, wait 210, 272-3,279-80, 306, 313,
317, 320, 740, 1006
Muses 244, 510
music 613,659, 668, 681, 711,720, 732, 759,
764, 779, 797, 810-11
composers of 704
in college plays 622, 742, 744
lessons in 746, 749
liturgical 682
loud 504, 561
notated 720
performance of 550
teachers of 746
See also Appendix 15
music books 350, 354,610, 694, lO18-22; see
also Appendix 15
music, kinds of
anthems 682
ballads 76, 541-2, 822, 871,874
carols 76
chamber music 598
ditty 535
instrumental music 567, 573
musical instruments 203,309, 530, 545, 561,
610, 612, 742, 744-5, 810, 822
mending of 318, 351,354
press for 203
musical instruments, kinds of
bagpipes 672
bells 731, 841; for morris dance 879
bombard 216, 744-5
citherns, 694, 744
cornetts 384, 694, 730, 744-5
fiddles 857
flutes 203, 224, 744
gitterns 857
harp 129
hautboy, tenor 249, 744-5
horns 841
lutes 744; strings for 369, 381,384
organs 121,660, 682; see also regals
pipes 163, 180, 199, 203,207, 332, 545, 720,
739, 742, 744
recorders, mending of 345
reeds 332, 741,744
regals 203, 744; see also organs
sackbuts 203, 354, 384, 694, 730, 741,
744-5; mending 351,381,420, 489,520
shafts (for reed instruments?) 129
shawms 332? 745; staple for (?) 332, 741,
744-5
tabret 171
trumpets 199, 496, 509, 577, 619, 652,
720-1, 731-2, 841
violins 203, 694, 744
virginais 694, 744; mending of 318
See also drums; viols and viol players; and
Appendixes 13 and 14
musicians 704, 723, 729, 732, 734
at plays 650, 720
chapel musicians 572, 698, 704, 720, 746,
1239
INDEX 1473
musicians (cont )
cymbalists 36
fiddlers 654, 688, 857
imprisoned 306
noise of 576, 581
town 745-6; see also waits, Cambridge
See also drummers; lord of taps;
minstrels; Prime, Benet; Seatree;
trumpeters; waits; Appendixes 13, 14,
& 15; and Patrons and Travelling
Companies
musicians, gifts and payments to 710
by cH 652
by cc 282, 287
by EM 626-7, 753
by GC 523
by gc 201, 307, 310, 324, 337
by e 764
by Qu 494, 564, 658, 672, 698
by s 293
by ss 423, 519, 525, 773
by town of Cambridge 581,651
by Tc 285, 321,323, 337, 374, 497, 500,
548
See also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Mynott (Menit), John 560, 566
Myton (Mighton, Mightonne, Miton,
Myten, Mytten), Robert, bricklayer 444,
446, 450-1-, 456, 459-62, 466-9, 471,
473-7, 482-4, 1032-3
Nabbes, Thomas, playwright 911 [DNB]
nails see under stage materials and
apparatus
Naples, fustian of see fustian under materials
for costumes and plays
Nassau, John Lewis, count of, ambassador of
the United Netherlands 512, 515
Nature 756
Naufragium Joculare 911-12, 976, 1258
Naze ..... carpenter 274
nets (for windows), hanging or mending of
284, 354, 719; see also under properties
Neville (Nevyle), Ralph, Lord Neville of
Hornby see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Newark-upon-Trent, Nott 858
Newmarket, Suff 327, 333,503,514-15,541,
551-2,588-9, 637-41,667, 700-1,736,
821,864
Fucus Histriomastix performed at, for
James I 598, 714, 810, 878-80, 897
New Year's Day (Circumcision, 1 January),
as beginning of year 812
music on, at kC45, 47-8, 53, 87; at PB 199,
73O, 739, 764
payments to minstrels on 28
show on at KC 61; at TC 183, 199
Sunday before, music on 729; see also feasts
of under bedells
Nichols (Nicols), goodman, workman 288
nineholes 571
prohibited 357, 395, 645-6, 709
nobility 502-4, 534, 539-42, 586, 862
as players' and entertainers' patrons 290,
797; see also Patrons and Travelling
Companies
entertained with plays 354-5
Nok, Richard, appraiser 203
Norfolk, duke of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Norfolk, county of 280, 327, 842
Norris, Francis, Lord Norris, later earl of
Berkshire 1241 [DNB]
Northampton, marquess of see Parr,
William and Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Northampton, Northants 496, 758
northerners at sJ, in riot of 1611 464, 775
Northumberland, duke or earl of see
Dudley, John and Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Norwich, Norf 705, 730, 822, 1004; see also
Patrons and Travelling Companies
notebooks, tutorial, of Joseph Mead 749;.see
also Appendixes 12 & 14
Nottingham, Nott 734, 798;see also Patrons
and Travelling Companies
Nottinghamshire 858, 860
1476 INDEX
Peterhouse, records of (cont)
368-71, 376, 380, 384, 391-4, 401,
414-19, 423, 488, 494, 518, 524, 547,
554-8, 564, 568, 575-6, 584, 591, 595,
600-3,617,624,632,649,654,658,662,
671, 676, 684-7, 694-7
Peyton (Payghton, Payton), Sir John 291-2,
1222
Phalaris (Phaleris), tyrant of Agrigentum
847, 854
Philanira 246, 971,982
Philip **, king of Spain, regent of the
Netherlands 845
letter to 242
Philowe, Richard, churchwarden 254
Phiswyk Hall (Hostel), Cambridge 154,823
Phormio 221,970
physician, honorary degree given to king's
511
Picchena, Curzio, Florentine correspondent
535
Pick ..... 677
Pike, William, wait 611-15, 741, 1007
The Pilgrimage to Parnassus see Parnassus
trilogy
Pindar, Greek poet 119
- ..., tailor 530
Pipere (Pyper), Alice le, wife of Robert 5
- Imania, wife of Thomas 5
- John, piper (?)3, 5, 738, 1007, 1197
- Robertle, piper(?)5, 703,738, 1007, 1197
- Thomas, piper (?) 5, 738, 1007, 1197
pipers 16, 38, 75, 118, 324, 394, 654, 1197
town or university 206-7
See also waits, Cambridge
pipers, gifts and payments to 710
by cc 16-17, 38, 40
by gc 75, 174, 224, 324, 344
by K. 12, 15, 17, 26, 95, 104
by qu 118, 143, 157, 165, 168, 654, 739
by sc 584
by university 394
See also Pipere as a surname; and waits,
Cambridge, gifts and payments to
The Piscatory see Sicelides
pitch 163
plagiarism 283, 286, 1221
plague 90, 599, 642, 706, 767, 813
lord of taps suspended during 680-1
plays and shows stopped for danger of
90, 227, 270, 276-7, 290, 339-42, 348-9,
395-7, 645-7, 723, 797, 813
townsfolk forbidden to frequent
amusements for danger of 599
wait dies of 199
planks 150, 157, 179, 318, 499
Plautus, Titus Maccius, Roman playwright
plays by 93-5, 115, 176, 200, 211,225,
230-1,234, 236, 238, 248, 311,703,
711-13, 717, 766, 778, 846, 852, 935,
937, 942, 964-73, 989, 1202-3, 1205,
1215, 1225, 1255
play books and play texts 231, 722
play characters
Aeneas (Dido) 241
angel 190
Apollo 190
Ardelia (Leander) 721,948-9
bawd 859
bishops, imprisoned 242-3
boy 146
Brakin the recorder (Ignoramus) 540
buffoon 859
clown 540
common lawyer see Ignoramus
Cordelia 961, 1026
death 146-7, 161, 197, 220
devils 127, 146-7, 161, 171,220
Dido (Dido) 237, 241
Drummond, David (Dromo) (Ignoramus)
540, 871,955
Dulman, John (Ignoramus) 874-6, 954
Egyptian 162
epilogue 534 (Amilia), 869 (Melanthe), 872
Euclio (Aulularia) 219, 225, 238
Eunuchus (Eunuchus) 220
Ezechias (Ezechias) 240-1
fool 127, 148, 161-2, 170, 173, 197, 202,
879 (Fucus)
fury 172, 220
INDEX 1477
play characters (cont)
gentlewomen see women
Giraldy (Geraldus) (Pedantius) 356
Gnatho (Gnato) (Eunuchus) 219
Grumio 314, 679
Hanno Poenus (Poenulus) 127, 190
Harentes (?) 220
Hodge (Gammer Gurton's Needle) 846
Ignoramus the common lawyer
(Ignoramus) 540, 552, 861-2, 874, 876,
878, 954
Ipswichus (Valetudinarium) 678,682,962
Jesuit 588-9
Jew, good 162
Job 220
Jupiter 127, 155 (Peace), 162, 720 (Peace)
lawyer see Ignoramus
Leno 126, 170, 219-20, 314
Leoniscus (Melanthe) 872, 954
Linna (Valetudinarium) 682, 962
Magneticus (Magniticus) (Valetudinarium)
682, 961
Mardocheus (Hamanus?) 218
men (Peace) 155, 720; old 365; young 147,
186, 190, 219, 843
Mercury 162, 170, 186
Miles 126, 219, 843
miles gloriosus 94-5 (Miles Gloriosus), 129
(Tbersites?)
Miliphidippa (Miles Gloriosus) 94, 778
minister (Fucus) 879
Niphle (Club Law) 1231
nuns 673
page see Vince
Palaestrio (Miles Gloriosus) 94, 778
pantaloon 855
parasites 223, 288, 672-3, 843
Parillus (Pedantius) 848
Paupertas (Plutus) 127, 161
Pedantius (Pedantiq) (Pedantius) 356, 848-9
Periplectomenus (Miles Gloriosus) 94, 778
Phaedria 843
Phoebus 672-3, 685, 876
piper 127
poet 201,701
prisoners 199, 720
prologue 186, 190, 534 (/Emilia)
puritan 588-9, 879 (Fucus)
Pyrgopolynices (Miles Gloriosus) 942,
1205, 1255
queen 220
Rabsaccus (Ezechias) 240-1
Ratcliffe, Sir Edward (/Emilia) 540
recorder, town see Brakin
Richard m (Richardus Tertius) 286, 721,
945-6
Rosabella (Ignoramus) 721, 877-8, 955
rusticus 127
Scarabaeus (Peace) 155, 720
schoolmaster (Pedantius) 849, 855
secretary 356
servants 126, 160, 219
shepherd 501,527
shipmen 124, 126, 160, 197, 219
Silvanus (Aulularia) 238
singers (Richardus Tertius) 720
soldiers 356, 701, 720, 843
squire 356
Stanley, Lord (Richardus Tertius) 720,
945-6
Stile, John a (Ignoramus) 874-5
Surda (Ignoramus) 543, 721,955
swordbearer 219
Tactus (Lingua) 942, 991-3
Theano (error for Thraso ?) 186
Theodorus (Ignoramus) 721,954
Thraso (Eunuchus) 182, 190; Thraso's
servant 843
Tranio (Mostellaria) 314
Trinculo (The Tempest?) 859
Tyndareus (The Rival Friends) 881,942
Varlet of Clubs (Terminus) 851
Villanus (Fucus) 956, 1026
Vince, a page (Ignoramus) 543, 955
women 97, 161, 169-71, 179, 181, 186,
190, 197, 204, 220, 374, 543-4
(Ignoramus), 668,719-21,843 ; old 220,
543; acted by boys 721 ;see also women
zany 855
See also Appendix 7
1478 INDEX
Play of Poore (Oxford) 820
players, college 347, 721,854, 859, 862,872,
882-5
as singers 720
arch 167, 184
at CL 377-8
at CC 305
at KC 179, 234-43
at Qu 142-3, 682, 855-6
at sJ 534-5, 770
atxc 165-6, 169, 191-2, 194, 198, 202,206,
209, 215, 257, 356, 374, 421, 489, 498,
511, 548, 610, 622, 701, 854-5
at xH 93-5? 778
in Ignoramus 540-3, 550, 750, 862-3
See also costume and costume, articles of
players, parish 14, 709-11, 735, 756
of Great St Mary's 17, 54, 75-6
of Little St Mary's 66
of St Clement's 66
players, payments to
by KC37, 45, 47, 49, 53, 55, 58, 61,66, 82,
85, 149, 735
by grl 14-22, 27-8, 31, 37-8, 41, 47,
50-51, 53-4, 57, 59-60, 62, 65-7, 69-72,
77, 86-7, 89, 91, 112, 114
by town of Cambridge 103, 106, 114-15,
124, 129-30, 144, 154, 163, 166, 172-3,
176, 206, 212, 216, 222, 226, 246, 257,
259, 262,264,266, 313,319, 322-3, 338,
355, 369
by xc 319
players, professional 723-7
compared to university players 879
discouraged or suppressed 290-1,311,332,
338-49, 369? 399-400, 625-6, 645-7,
680, 704, 708,984-6; at Chesterton 325-
6, 339-43; at fairs 780
earl of Leicester's 725
earl of Oxford's 723, 797
king's or queen's 723, 725, 756, 774, 779,
781, 797
London players derided in Cambridge
comedy 640
lord chamberlain's 725, 797, 985
palsgrave's 725, 797
Queen Anne's 725
queen of Bohemia's 725, 797
See also interluders; plays, professional;
and Patrons and Travelling Companies
playing 244, 286, 347, 668, 846, 853, 859
linked with Roman Catholicism 544
propriety of for Christians questioned
247
plays, college 226, 229, 382, 610, 710-22,
781,963-83
at cH 104-8, 117, 144, 148, 167, 173,
177-8, 184-5, 192, 207, 213, 223, 251,
281? 712-14, 748-9
at CL 714, 750
atcc 115-16, 201,578,582-3,712-14, 751
at em 753
at Gc 714, 754
at Je 223, 251-5, 713-14, 755
at KC 44, 49--50, 55, 58, 61,72--4, 80,
82--4, 88, 90, 96, 110, 112, 131,142, 156,
179--80, 193, 224, 233-44, 344, 361,
711--14, 755--6
at KH 759
at VB 308--9, 314, 764
at VH 274, 713, 764-5
at OU 133--41, 158, 168, 174--5, 217-18,
265, 268, 275, 278, 353, 714, 766-7
at S 92, 114--20, 129--33, 159, 195, 208,
215, 246, 255--6, 282--8, 318, 321,
385--90, 711-15, 722, 731, 769-70
atlC 165--6, 169, 176, 188, 191--4,200-2,
208-12, 221--2, 225, 248, 250, 252-3,
256--8, 261, 265--6, 268--9, 288-9, 294,
308, 318--19, 323, 354, 496--7, 712-14,
774--5
at IH 711, 778
classical 759, 811; Greek 712-13, 769;
Latin 184, 538, 561,578, 638, 713-14,
751, 755, 769
condemned in Histrio-mastix 856
controversy concerning 315-16, 587,
811-12
for royal visits: by Elizabeth 226, 229,
233-44, 712,779; by Prince Charles and
INDEX 1479
plays, college (cont)
Frederick v 501,514-15, 713; by
James t 540-2, 713-14
money collected for 630, 661,666
payments for plays at other colleges: by EM
753; by MG 763; by sc 768; by -rH 778
seating for 234-6, 500, 598, 620, 638
students' behaviour at, university decree on
411
texts of 811
townsfolk's involvement in 709
See also comedies, college; sermons;
tragedies, college; and titles of specific
prays
plays, professional 729
at inns 199
at KC 78? 81--2
clergy and students of divinity forbidden
by canon law to attend 856
fellow of Cambridge college drawn by heels
out of a play 365
members of PH forbidden to attend 3-4, 764
members of university forbidden to attend
381; bachelor of arts disciplined for
attending 378, 727
objections to 587-8
payments for non-performance 725, 779,
984
prohibited 394-7, 399-400, 645-7, 709,
723, 725
suppressed by the university 779; at
Chesterton 339-43; in plague time 599;
play permitted by mayor but forbidden
by vc 403-4, 797; suppressed by the
town corporation 844
See also players, professional
plays, writing and revision of 347, 527, 541,
701
translation of 347
playwrights, Cambridge 722; see also
Appendix 16
playwrights, college see University Index
under Ainsworth, William; Alabaster,
William; Arthur, Thomas; Bernard,
Richard; Brooke, Samuel; Browne,
Thomas; Cecil, Thomas; Chappeil,
John; Christopherson, John; Cowley,
Abraham; Cruso, Aquila; Fletcher,
Phineas; Forcett, Edward; Fraunce,
Abraham; Goidingham, William;
Hacket, John; Halliweli, Edward;
Hausted, Peter; Hawkesworth, Walter;
Holies, William; Jonson, William;
Kynder, Philip; Legge, Thomas; May,
Thomas; Mease, Peter; Mewe, William;
Morreli, Roger; Murgatroid, Michael;
Nash, Thomas; North, Dudley; Pesteli,
Thomas; Pratt, William; Randolph,
Thomas; Ricketts, John; Rudd,
Anthony; Ruggle, George; Sadler,
John; Sparrow, Thomas; Stevenson,
William; Stubbs, Edmund (3); Tomkis,
Thomas; Vincent, Thomas; Ward,
Robert; Watson, Thomas; and Wild,
Robert
plots, of plays 534, 540
Plutopbtbalmia Plutogamia see Hey for
Honesty
Plutus 111, 712, 766, 769, 900-1, 964
poems and poetry 535,542,598, 858-9, 874,
884-5
Greek and Latin 232, 859; satirical, on
Ignoramus 861
topical 750
See also Appendix 5
Poenulus (Penulus) 157-8, 966-7
poets 683, 858
satirized in a play 640, and in Histrio-
mastix 856
Pole, John de la, duke of Suffolk see Patrons
and Travelling Companies under Suffolk
Polla ..... painter (?) 531, 1240
Pontefract, Yorks see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
poor 173, 199, 269, 286, 386, 652
Pople (Popler), John, carpenter 156, 174
Porta, Giovanni Battista della, Italian play-
wright, plays by 750, 864,890, 903,905
Porter ..... carpenter 305
- Henry, playwright 852 [DNB]
INDEX 1481
properties (cont)
counters, for Euclio's pot 225
crocodiles 190
dragons 127, 162, 843
gallows 192, 719
heart, gold 172
hobby horse 540
image 843
moon, gold 162, 172
nets 127, 160, 197, 719? 843
ornaments 64, 93, 108
plate of tin 185
pot, Euclio's 225
serpent 239
streamers see banners
trees 527
trenchers 165-6, 500
tripod 145
trumpet, wooden 171
utensils 122
See also arms and armour
prosody, classical 119-20, 231
Pryme see Prime
Prynne, William, controversialist 856, 1251,
1257 [DNB]
Pseudolus 221,969
Pseudomagia 753, 886, 894, 914,
917
Puer Vapulans 305, 755, 931,972
pulleys 498
Puncher ..... sawyer 499-500
punishment 780
for abusing mayor 382
for brawling at a play 455
for misbehaviour in presence of royalty
586, 620, 636
of beast keeper 665-6, 780
of players and showmen 394-400, 645-7,
708, 723-5
See also banishment; degrees;
excommunication; expulsion;
fines, bail and bonds: prison
and imprisonment; stocks; and
whipping
Punter ..... glazier 255
puppet players
discouraged or suppressed by university
521, 727, 780
members of Gc forbidden to watch 267
prohibited 399-400
puritans and puritanism 846
entertainment at Cambridge, influence on
320-1,708, 714, 748, 753, 773,781,860,
879, 1242
satirized in plays 641,682, 860, 879
Purkis (Purcas, Purcasse, Purkeys, Purkisse),
Edward 444, 450, 456,463,466,475, 484,
1032-3; daughter of 450
- Thomas, town constable (?) 1230
Pyper see Pipere
Quaratesi, Francesco, Florentine envoy 535
Queen's College, Oxford 766
Queens' College, Cambridge 93, 121, 156-8,
174, 210, 214, 356, 507, 654, 676, 706,
708, 766-8, 819
acting chamber of 158, 676, 688,695, 715,
750, 766, 819
chapel of 678, 682; altar 186
Christmas observances at 157, 731
music at 730, 739, 742
plays at or by students of 120-2, 128,
144-52, 164-8, 174-5, 181-6, 711-15,
721-2, 742, 964-73, 975-6; at
Newmarket 810
play-house of, supposed 994
press of, for acting clothes 695
stage of 144, 149-50, 156-8,
717
stage-house of 676-8, 994
tower of 130, 146, 175, 186, 201
treasury of 672-3, 679, 685, 766
See also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Queens' College hall 149-50, 156, 175, 353,
690-2, 715-20, 766
plays in 145, 278
repaired after plays 175
stage in 121, 149-50, 156, 182, 186,
688-93, 716, 766
INDEX 1483
Richardson (Rychardson), Robert, carpenter
150
- Rowland, carpenter 221,225
Richardus Tertius 282-3, 286, 703, 713,
720-2, 754, 769, 847, 849, 852,854, 902,
918-19, 943-6, 972, 1024, 1220
Richemund (Richemond, Richemont,
Rychmunt), John, wait 148, 176, 739,
1008, 1208
Richmond, duke of see Stuart, Ludovic and
Patrons and Travelling Companies
rifflings 570-1
riots and rioting at Paris 823
occasioned by public shows 269-70,
276-7, 288-92, 340-3, 348-9, 378-9,
797; by college plays 359-62, 382,
385-90, 407-12, 424-86, 583? 713,
721-2, 750, 775, 781; by mock
processions 841
See also assault; bloodshed; challenges;
mayhem; and Appendix 17
Risus Anglicanus 900, 919
The Rival Friends 767, 775, 881-3, 903-4,
920, 943-4, 960-1,976, 1024-5, 1248-9,
1258
robes, office of 507, 719
Robinson (Robynson) ..... showman 291-2,
1219, 1222
Robson ..... linen draper 501
Robyns, Richard, carpenter (?) 93
Robynson see Robinson
rods, staffs, and wands 191, 719
bedells' staffs 588; delivered to
Elizabeth 228, 232
caduceus 172
civic mace 378; not carried in presence of
Elizabeth 234
crooks, shepherds' 501
fool's bauble 202
sceptres 127, 162, 172, 190-1
tipstaffs 190
vergers' rods 172, 190?
Roff, Richard, townsman 82
Roger, glazier 113
tailor 208
rogues
acting of rogues' parts by students of
divinity, impropriety of 859
bawd and whore 571
cutpurses and pickpockets at Sturbridge
Fair 681
Roillet, Claude, French playwright, play by
703, 971,982
Rollinson (Rallinson), William, tailor,
journeyman of Jackson 484-5
Roman Catholicism, playing and sporting
linked with 544, 640
Rome, Italy 846, 851, 876
rope see cords and ropes under stage
materials and apparatus
rope-dancers 573
prohibited 399-400
Roscius, Roman actor 237, 882
Rose, Christopher, mayor (1637-8) 680
- Hugh, instrument mender 318
- Stephen 678
Rose Castle 573
Rovere see Bonarelli della Rovere
Rowley (Rowle), Samuel, player 553, 879?
[Nungezer]
- William, player 879 [Nungezer]
Roxana 339, 920-1,973, 1038
royal household, members of
coachman 533, 567
footmen 224, 526
gentleman usher 533, 539, 551
grooms 345, 539, 551, 859
guard 234, 531,567, 873
hangers, yeomen 539, 551
heralds 184, 660?
lion keeper 665
marshal's men 226
messengers 296, 533, 609, 664
porters 233
servants 533, 607, 609
waiting women 859
yeoman 533, 539, 551
royal household, records of
lord chamberlain's warrant book 609
office of works, declared accounts 551-2
INDEX 1485
St James the great, feast of (25 July),
trumpeting on (?) 662
St John before the Latin Gate, feast of
(Portlatin Day, 6 May)
music on, ats 354,358, 369-71,376, 380,
384,392-4, 398,401,406, 414-16, 419,
423, 495, 518, 548, 555, 559, 564, 569,
576? 580, 592,601-4,608,618,628,633,
650, 730, 741
observances at s on 354, 392, 561, 741
St John the Baptist, nativity of see
Midsummer Day
St John the Evangelist's Day (27 December)
Christmas lord of CH visits PH 199
feast on, at S3 199, 561
music on: atCL 164, 167, 185, 193,201--4,
729;at KC35, 61;ats3 109, 113, 118, 122,
126, 143, 152, 168, 195, 218, 246, 293,
307, 358, 373, 391, 414, 495, 518, 525,
547, 555, 559, 564, 568, 576, 580, 585,
592, 596, 601, 604, 618, 624, 633, 650,
659, 729
plays on, at KC 31, 49, 55
St John's College, Cambridge 123, 131,
147-8, 159, 197-8, 211,218-21,353-4,
385, 427, 433, 449-52, 460, 464-7,
473-5, 480, 483, 505, 509, 685, 706,
769-73, 842-3, 996-1000
Christmas lord of 132-3, 143, 152, 159, 165
Christmas observances at 731
dialogue at 193, 964-5, 967
drinkings at 102
lottery at 321,436, 731-2
members of, forbidden to frequent public
shows 101,271
music at 729-30
plays at 964-75, 989-90; see also under
comedies (plays, tragedies), college
pensionary of 485
show at 255, 720, 971
walls of 504
See also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to; St John before the Latin
Gate, feast of; and St John the
Evangelist's Day
St John's College hall 509, 715, 769-70
furniture of 159; repaired after plays 275
plays and shows in 255, 286, 720, 769-70
feast in, on 6 May 561
windows of, netted (for plays?) 284, 354;
repaired after them 275, 285, 353, 371
St John's College, records of
bursars' accounts 109-10, 113-14, 118,
129, 131, 143, 152, 159, 165, 168
complaint against master 321
fellows' petition to commissioners 320-1
inventories 122-4, 126-8, 147-8, 159-62,
196-8, 218-21, 842-3
loose bill 842
master's accounts 97, 99
rentals 193-5, 202, 206-8, 214-18,
246-65, 275, 284-8, 293, 307-8, 318,
331,353-4, 358, 369-76, 380, 384,
391-4, 398-402,406, 414-19,423, 495,
518, 525, 547-8, 555, 559, 564, 568-9,
576, 580, 585, 592, 596, 601-4,608,618,
624, 628, 633, 650, 659, 685, 699
statutes 101, 132-3
St Margaret's Day (20 July), music on, at Qu
90-1, 730
St Martin's Day (Martinmas, 11 November),
music on at CL 189
St Mary Magdalene, feast of (22 July),
payment to minstrels on 69
St Mary the virgin, feasts of
conception (8 December), payment to
minstrels on at KC 76
nativity (8 September), payment to
minstrels on at KC 112
See also Candlemas and Lady Day
St Mary's Church, Great, Cambridge 166,
426, 433, 486, 503-4, 509, 514, 531,561,
732, 759, 764, 779, 798, 810-11,869
bell of 504
boy-bishop of 12
clerk of 12, 60
Easter observances at 67-9
gatherings for lights at 91
Hocktide observances at 50, 55, 60, 66, 89,
95-7, 104-5, 109-10, 114
1486
St Mary's Church, Great (cont)
records of 735; churchwardens' accounts
89, 254, 664; expenses 4-7
stage in (for commencement) 232,374, 376,
409, 507-8, 514, 531,539, 811, 1225
tobacco prohibited in 503, 538
See also dancers (players), parish;
festivals; gatherers; and kings
St Mary's Church, Little, Cambridge
(originally St Peter's) 764
See also dancers (players), parish;
festivals; and gatherers
St Mary's Hostel, Cambridge, dancers of 47
St Michael and All Angels, feast of see
Michaelmas
St Michael's Church, Cambridge 332, 1002
St Nicholas' Day (6 December)
boy-bishop ceremonies at Kc on 29-33, 44,
53-6, 61-2, 72, 81-8, 99-100, 105-8,
731,756; at parish churches 12, 735; see
also boy-bishop
feast on, at 68 198
music on: at GH 729; at KC 729
payments to minstrels on 31,35, 52, 57, 63
St Paul's Cathedral, London 648, 650;
deanship of 574
St Paul, Conversion of, feast of (25 January),
entertainment on 75
St Peter ad vincula, feast of (Lammas Day,
1 August), payment to trumpeters on, at
Kc 558
St Stephen's Day (26 December)
music on, at PH 199, 729
payment to minstrels on, at KC 35, at PH 107
payments to waits on, at PH 16, 19--20, 24,
28--33, 37--8, 40--3, 46, 49, 51, 54, 67, 81,
88--92, 96--107, 114--20, 128, 168, 174
plays on, at gC 55, 61, 73
St Thomas the apostle, feast of (21
December), sermon on, against lords of
misrule 486
St Thomas the martyr, feast of (Becket's
Day, 29 December), entertainment on, at
gc 47, 49, 68
gun shooting on, at gc 199
music on, at KC 36
St William's Hostel, Cambridge, performers
of (?) 47
Salisbury, countess of see Howard,
Catherine
- earl of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
Salter, Edmund, wait 698, 741,744-5,
1002-3, 1008
saltings 732, 811
prohibited by the university 203; by the
crown 259-60
fellows of sJ ask for suppression of 321
See also Appendix 12
Salvetti, Amerigo, Florentine ambassador
639, 667, 1251
Salviati, Leonardo, Italian playwright 893
Samson ..... tailor 120
Sandifer ..... workman 499-500
Sapientia Solomonis 208, 968, 982
satires 750-1,765, 769-70, 797, 857, 972-3;
see also Appendixes 4 & 5
Saye (Say), Thomas, mayor (1526-7) 99; wife
of 99
scaffolds 424, 457
for commencement 542
for plays 145, 180, 230-1,251,465, 502,
514, 586, 620, 636, 666, 688-90, 717,
766, 875
Scaliger, Julius Caesar, humanist classical
scholar 847
Scamler ..... workman 499
Scarlet (Scarlett), Philip, stationer,
churchwarden 215, 254, 1215
scenery 121-2, 128, 156, 190, 217, 220, 236,
719-20
materials for 113
scholars (learned men), as actors 244
scholars (members or junior members of the
university in general) see students
scholars, foundation
as actors and producers of shows 721 : at Kc
50, 64; at Ou 275; at TC 183, 355, 519
chapel services, duties at: at Ou 29
election of, at sJ 535, 573
1488 INDEX
shoes (cont )
talaria 170
ties 530
velvet 163, 843
See also boots and buskins under costume,
articles of
shooting 154, 199-200, 572
Short, William, tailor (?) 526
showmen 270, 486, 681,727
shows, college 536, 709, 714, 811,853-4,
868, 966-73, 975
at CH 192, 223, 251, 967, 970-1
at CL 849
at CC 273, 972
at JE 245, 357, 970--1, 973
at KC 283, 972
at PH 764-5, 850
at OU 210, 214
at SJ 132-3, 255-6, 353--4, 720, 851,
973
at rc 183, 187-92, 198-9, 202, 206, 209,
211-12, 246, 548, 720, 729, 774-5,
966-9, 971, 975; suppressed 844
students' conduct at, university decrees on
409-12
shows, parish 177, 200? 736
shows, professional
at KC 149
at Sturbridge Fair 727
members of sJ forbidden to frequent 101,
271
prohibited 276-7, 341,348-9, 394-7,
645-6, 709
suppressed by university 486-7, 723: at
Gog Magog Hills 291-3,570-2 ; at fairs
417, 492, 521, 647
Shrewsbury, earl of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Shrovetide
payment to trumpeters on Shrove Sunday,
at Ou 663
payments to waits at 99, 272, 330
plays during 587; atcH 178, 715;at Kc 1214;
at TC 610, 622
show one week before, at TC 548
town dinner on Shrove Tuesday 99
Sicelides, or The Piscatory 539, 756, 915,
923-4, 975
Sidney, Sir Philip 926
- Sir Robert, Viscount Lisle, later earl of
Leicester 356, 805
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge 708, 773;
charter 773
See also waits, Cambridge, gifts and
payments to
Sidney Sussex College, records of
account book 376, 381-4,392-4,398,402,
406, 414-16, 420-3,488-9, 495-6, 519,
525, 548, 555-60, 565, 569, 580, 585,
592-6, 601-4, 608, 618, 624-9, 633,
650-1,656-9, 663,674, 679, 685,693-5,
699
sights see shows, professional
Silcocke, James, carpenter 263-4
Silva, Guzmfin de see Guzmn de Silva
Silvanus 770, 924, 943, 947, 973, 1024
Silvia 764, 855, 938
Simeon, Joseph, playwright 941
Simon, gittern player 3, 1005, 1197
Simonds see Symonds
Simons see Simeon
singers 166; see also musicians and players,
college
sizars, as actors 191,634
Slegge (Slegg, Sleg), Edward, mayor (1528-9)
144
- Robert, victualler, constable, and jailer
427, 433-4, 437-8, 457-8, 463, 474,
478-9, 571, 1235
- Roger, mayor (1560-1, 1568-9, 1575-6,
& 1584-5), son of Edward 216
Slyerly, Richard 80
Smart (Smarte) ..... porter ofsJ (?) 431,452,
477, 484-5, 1033-4, 1234
- Thomas, mayor (1611-12) 490
Smith (Smithe, Smyth, Smythe) .....
workman 499-500
- Andrew, wax chandler (?) 187, 215, 226
- Edward, cook 1230
- Hugh, 32
INDEX 1489
Smith (cont)
- Humphrey, merchant, of London 412
- John, notary 309? 326-7, 335
- Richard, linen draper, wife of 55
- Robert, father-in-law of Nicholas Prime
129
- Robert, musician 1008
- Robert, servant of Leonard Glascocke 492
- Robert, wait's apprentice, later wait
611-13, 698, 741, 1008
- Roger, mayor (1587-8) 322
- Samuel, hardwareman 500
- Thomas, mayor (1556-7) 130
Solymitana Clades (The Destruction of
Jerusalem) 283,286, 713, 720, 722, 754,
852, 938
Somerset, countess of see Howard, Frances
- duke of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies
songs and singing 44, 76, 102,567, 573, 613,
720-1, 742, 767
'And is it not Strange' (ballad) 871
'Bonny Lass' 870
'Bonny Nell' 866
'Fortune My Foe' 877
'Jane Shore' 868
mass 199
untitled 871
See also Appendix 15
Sons of lsrael 5, 723
Sophocles, Greek playwright 119, 141,851
plays performed at Cambridge 208? 235,
238, 703, 713, 719, 846, 876, 970
Sopbomorus 932
Southampton, earl of see University Index
under Wriothesley and Patrons and
Travelling Companies under
Southampton
Southampton, Hants 664
southerners 775
spectators 717
at university plays 315, 856, 859
number of 540
royalty as 587, 598
rude behaviour by, forbidden at
commencements and plays 586, 620, 637,
666-7
sleep through a play 507
speeches of welcome
for Elizabeth * 227-8, 232-3, 242
for earl of Essex 356
for Prince Charles and Frederick v 505-11
for James 535, 542, 588
satirized 869
Spirry, Thomas 606
sports see games
Springham, Matthew, merchant, of London
412
spurs 690
staffs see rods, staffs, and wands
Stag, Papaly, painter (?) 498, 1237
stage apparatus see stage materials and
apparatus
stage directions 720-1,811, 819
stage effects
lightning 179, 719-20, 756
rain 720
sound-effects 719
squibs 199, 720, 729
thunder see thunder
stage-houses 93, 143, 173, 198,234,305, 500,
717, 720-1
stage keepers 503, 538, 636, 719, 751, 754
brawl with spectators 289, 309,361,388-9,
407-9, 425-78, 483-5, 491-2
restrain disorderly spectators 360
townsmen hired as 430, 435, 444,466, 719,
1234-5
stage keepers, costumes of 289, 719
bases, pair of 389
caps 444; steel 429, 440, 447-8, 456;
nightcap 161
coats 432, 441,452, 454
gowns 428, 447, 456, 460
harness 450, 457, 462
hat 444
helmets (headpieces)427-8,441,444,447,
450, 455, 483
ierkins 389, 437
scarves 389, 452
1492 INDEX
taborers 44
Taller see Taylor
Talbot, Alethea, countess of Arundel 540
- Elizabeth, countess of Henry Grey, earl of
Kent 540
Tamburlane 882
Tarleton, Richard, comedian 876
Tarrarantantara turba 849, 886, 932-3, 973
tasker see taxors
taverns see alehouses and inns
Tawyer (Tawyar), Agatha, widow of William
694, 1009
- William, wait 611-15,694,741. 744, 1002,
1008-9
taxors 504
attempt to stop bear-baiting at Chesterton
297-301
regulate sale of beer at Sturbridge Fair 516
Taylor (Taller, Tayler) ..... musician 1009
- Christopher, coal chandler 151
- John, the 'water-poet' 1247 [DNB]
- Joseph, player, of London 879 [Nungezer]
- Laurence, carpenter 156
- mistress 530
See also Edmund and Roger
Tecbnogaraia (Oxford) 861,879-80, 882
tennis 811
tenterhooks, tenternails see nails under stage
materials and apparatus
Terence (Publius Terentius Afer), Roman
playwright 119, 778
plays performed at Cambridge 84, 88, 109,
151, 2167 221, 703, 711-12, 717, 759,
846, 852, 889, 964-5, 967, 969-70, 974
Terminus et Non Terminus 851, 886, 933,
973
Textor, Ravisius see Ravisius Textor
Thaxted, John, workman 261
Thaxted, Essex, hall at 725
Tbeano (supposed) 989
theatres 4, 717, 845
construction of 118, 121, 131, 148, 150,
154, 159, 161,233-6,275, 508-10, 527,
552, 689-92, 717
furniture for: benches (forms) 149, 156,
198, 233, 264, 275, 374, 690; canopies
224,232,526; chairs 198? 233,717, 863
galleries in 373, 508, 689-92, 717
Great St Mary's Church, for
commencement 507-11
JE hall 224
kc chapel 236-8; see also King's College
chapel
:c hall 179, 193
PH hall 263-4
QU hall 149-50, 156, 158, 175, 182, 186;see
also Queens' College hall
timber for 121,131-2, 145, 149-50, 156-8,
179, 222, 236, 318,352,373-4, 498-501,
527, 530, 688-93
-c hall 162, 295; see also Trinity College
hall
See also stages, college
Tbebais 933, 969
Theobalds, Herts 598, 637
theologians
as playwrights 682
debate lawfulness of plays on Saturday
evening 315-16
See also divinity, students of
Tbersites 1287 965, 977, 983, 1205
Thetford, Norf 541
Thomas, painter 121
Thomson, John (?) tailor 83 [cBo]
Thornefe ..... townsman 352
Thorpe (Thorp, Thorppe), John, pouch
maker 83 [c/o]
- William, tradesman 152, 179, 226
thunder, as stage effect 179, 719-20, 756
barrel 128, 179, 719
Tillett ..... tailor 485
- ..., tavern keeper 453
tilting, for anniversary of king's accession
515
Timon 940-1
Tiptoft (Typtot), John, Lord Tiptoft see
Patrons and Travelling Companies
tiring houses 691-2, 717
Tixier, Jean see Ravisius Textor
tobacco 425, 857
INDEX 1497
Ventres (Ventresse), Peter, tailor 121, 151,
163
Vere, John de, earl of Oxford (d 1513) see
Patrons and Travelling Companies
See also University Index under Vere
Verily see Re Vera
Versipellis 934, 944, 959-60, 976,
1249
vestments, liturgical see church vestments
Vetule, Margaret 145
Vicars (Vikares, Vikers), Francis, mason (?)
428, 434, 437, 458-9, 469, 475,479, 484
- Thomas, minstrel 737, 1009
vice-chamberlain, royal 345-6
vice-chancellor, of Cambridge University
779-82
as playwright 286
authority of, defied by players at
Chesterton 340-3
chamber of 359, 364
Christmas lords to be approved by 203, 731
collects money for plays to entertain
James ! 550-1, 565-7
consulted by chancellor about visit of
Elizabeth ! 227
disputes jurisdiction with mayor 708
hangs himself when his college's play fails
to please Charles 641-3
in Corpus Christi procession 733
judges disputes involving university waits
206, 327-9, 332-3
letters 133-41,227-8, 247, 269-71,
288-93, 295-7, 304-5, 340-3, 346-8,
550-2, 625-6, 641-3, 790-4
licenses lord of taps 310, 561-2; and
university waits 545, 599, 742, 745
neglects to send chancellor account of royal
visit 515
orders students not to attend public games
and shows 271-2; empowered to regulate
games and shows 276-7, 347-9, 645-7;
suppresses them at Cog Magog Hills
570-3; forbids players to play in town
403, 552-3, 797, 984
place and duties of, at royal visits 232, 234,
503-11; behaviour of, at royal visit,
criticized 872-3
punishes bachelor of arts for abusing mayor
of Cambridge in a play 308; butchers for
going with music to Sturbridge Fair 279;
college fellow accused of adultery 363-7;
M^ for riotous conduct at a play 308; and
for preaching against plays on Saturday
evenings 315-16; rioters at university
plays 359-62, 378-9, 407-12; showman
for holding unauthorized games 570-2;
townsman for holding a bear-baiting
362-3; undergraduates for throwing
stones at a play 308-9, and for abusing
the mayor 382
refuses chancellor's request to punish
stagers of controversial play 133-41; to
let players perform 290, 625-6; to
prepare English plays for Elizabeth
346-7
urges undergraduate to act a woman's part
543
Vice-Chancellors' Letters (vo.) 790-4
Victoria 926
victories, celebrated 106, 130
Vikares, Vikers see Vicars
Ville-aux-Clercs ..... French ambassador
596, 598
viols and viol players 354, 519-20, 526,
744-5, 1016-23, 1027
at a play 207
Cambridge wait's 203, 694
mending of 351, 394, 420, 526, 1016
music books for 1018-22
strings for 354, 359, 369, 394, 414, 417,
420, 489, 497, 810, 1016-23
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), Roman poet
119, 237, 847, 852
- Polydore, historian 486
Volpone 984-6
Vyller, Robert, viol player (?) 1009
Wade, John, carpenter 338, 376
waits, Cambridge 704, 738-46
appointment of 176-7, 210, 253
1498 INDEX
waits, Cambridge (cont)
as actors 189, 241
as entertainers 732
boys, employment of 141, 742; see also
boys
collars (chains) of 74, 172-3, 210, 223,226,
253-4, 279, 696, 738, 740, 744
deaths of 613; from plague 199; inventories
at 203, 610, 694, 742
escort mayor in civic processions 733
escort men ofsJ down river on 6 May 561
masters of 611-12, 738-46, 821; mistress
of 611, 740-1, see also Prime, Joan
named in documents 85, 148, 176, 206-7,
250-1,253, 328-9, 332-5, 611-15,
668-71
old 155
performances by: at plays and shows
106-7, 184, 187-8, 202, 212, 221,278,
720, 742, 744; at proclamation of James
391-2; in the morning 742; on feast days
729-30, 733; see also musicians
Prime's men distinguished from town waits
199-200, 739
travelling 75, 744, 882; summoned back to
town for royal visit 227
wages, negotiation of 227, 733, 742-4;
voided 581,742-3
widow, maintenance of 612, 739
See also livery
waits, Cambridge, gifts and payments to
bycH 102-13, 117, 120, 124, 128, 142, 144,
148, 155, 164, 167, 173, 178, 185, 188,
193-4, 204, 207, 245, 260-6, 272,
277-81, 286, 305-6, 313, 317-24, 329,
336, 343, 349-51,357, 367, 370-2,375,
379, 383, 390, 392, 397, 400, 404, 413,
415, 421, 487, 492, 516, 521, 545, 553,
556, 562, 567, 574, 577, 582, 589, 594,
599, 602, 615, 623, 626, 629, 647, 652,
656-7, 660, 670, 674, 683? 743-4, 748
by CL 164, 1677 174, 179, 185, 189, 193,
195,201,266,272-3,277, 280, 282,286,
293, 305-6, 310-11, 317-22, 330, 336,
343, 350-1,357, 367, 370, 372,375, 379,
383, 390, 393, 397, 400, 404, 413, 415,
418, 720, 739, 743
bycc 38, 41-2, 87-120, 125-31,144, 167,
179, 195, 201,204, 210, 216, 223,
245-60, 274, 278, 280, 282, 287, 293,
306, 310, 317, 322, 324, 330, 336, 343,
352, 357, 368, 370, 372, 375, 379,
390, 393, 397, 400, 404, 413, 415,
422, 487, 490, 516, 522, 546, 553,
563, 567, 574, 578, 582, 590, 594,
602, 605, 615, 623, 626, 630, 648,
350,
383,
418,
557,
599,
652, 657, 661,670, 675, 683, 687, 694,
697, 739-43, 751, 1203
by EM 370, 372, 393, 397, 400, 405, 413,
415, 418, 422, 487, 493, 517, 522, 546,
553, 557, 567, 575, 630, 743
by Great St Mary's Church 664
by JE 223,245-64, 268, 272, 274, 278, 280,
283,287, 293,305-13,317-24, 330, 336,
344, 350, 352, 357, 368, 370, 372, 375,
379, 383, 391, 397, 401, 405, 413, 415,
418, 422, 487, 493, 517, 523, 546, 554,
557, 567, 575, 579, 583, 590, 595, 599,
603, 606, 616, 623, 627, 631, 648, 653,
657, 662, 671, 675, 684, 687, 694, 697,
743, 755
by KC 34-9, 44, 49-50, 54, 59, 61-70, 73,
76, 81-90, 99, 112, 125, 142, 149, 164,
185, 189, 201, 205, 210, 217, 224, 245,
248, 252-64, 268, 272, 274, 278, 281,
283,287, 293,306-13,317-24, 330, 336,
344, 350, 352, 358, 368, 373, 375, 380,
383, 391, 401, 405, 413, 416, 419, 422,
488, 493-4, 517, 523-4, 547, 554, 557-8,
563-4, 575, 579, 583,590, 595,600, 603,
606, 616, 623, 627, 631, 648-9, 653-4,
657, 662,671,675-6, 684, 687, 697, 743
by KH 6, 13-19, 24-31, 78, 80, 86-92,
100-1, 118, 125, 743
by MG 274, 306-7, 313,317, 320, 376, 380,
383, 391, 393, 401, 743, 763
by Margaret Beaufort 80
by 'B 258, 263, 763-4
by'H 16-21, 24, 28-33, 37, 42, 142, 144,
149, 205, 217, 224, 245, 250, 255-64,
INDEX 1501
Wilkin ..... carter 445
Wilkinson (Wilkynson), Thomas (?)
musician 417, 420, 489, 1011, 1233, 1236
[Nev Grove, Payne]
- Thomas, butcher 279
Williams see Willyams
Williamson, Laurence, wait 148, 739, 1009,
1208
Willimott, Willmott see Wilmott
wills 812
of John Faune 173, 799
of Nicholas Prime 129
of Simonds D'Ewes 806
Willyams (Williams), Richard, musician,
claiming to be lord of taps 680-1,734,
1009
Wilmott (Willimott, Willmott, Wilmot,
Wilmote), Mary, wife of Stephen
610-12, 614-15, 742, 744, 1010, 1214
- Stephen, musician 526, 545, 549-50, 569,
576, 600, 603,606, 610-14, 738, 741-2,
744-5, 1002-3, 1005, 1007-10, 1239,
1246
Wilson, Arthur, playwright 1259
- Robert, playwright 852 [DNa]
Windebank (Windebanke), Sir Francis,
secretary of state 397 [DNa]
Windsor, Henry, Lord Windsor of Stanwell
328, 1003
Wine, Beer, and Ale 927
Winge ..... paver 445, 1031
Winghall ..... servant to Fogge Newton,
provost of KC 455
Winning o[ an Hold 199, 967
Winscall, John, servant of Richard Senhouse
425, 435, 457
Winwood, Sir Ralph, diplomat 1238
Wodrofe (Woodrofe, Woodroufe,
Wooroofe), Edward, cobbler(?), son of
the cobbler by the Sun tavern 459, 468,
473, 476-7, 483-4
Wolley (Wooley, Woolley, Woolly), John
407
Wolsey, Thomas, cardinal archbishop of
York 842
women 198, 227, 1241
boys or men dressed as 668; objections to
543-4, 819
costumes for 204
in sheriff's procession (?) 496
roles of, acted by men 374
widows, of waits 202,612, 739-42, 744-5
wives of mayor and aldermen satirized in
play 377; in a ballad 870
Wood, Anthony, Oxford antiquary and
biographer 933, 1214
Woodro(u)fe see Wodrofe
Woodstock, Oxf 861,879
Wooley, Woolley, Woolly see Wolley
Wooroofe see Wodrofe
Worcester (Wurciter), earl of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
Work t:or Cutlers 927
Work [or Jupiter see Gigantoraachia
workmen 129, 215,252,265,284,288,358,
373,455,499-500, 527, 551,609, 676; see
also tradesmen
Worth, Edward, puppet player 487, 521
Wortwall ..... townsman 82
wounds and wounding see bloodshed and
mayhem
Wrenham, John, informer 1244
wrestling, as a sport 572
Wright, Francis, joiner 677-8
Wurciter, earl of see Patrons and Travelling
Companies under Worcester
Wyghton (Wighton), John, mayor (1477-9
& 1489-90) 69 [CAD]
Wykylwod, Henry de 4
Wylford ..... townswoman, Christmas lady
83, 736 [CAD]
Wylhameson, Nicholas, shoemaker 83 [cat)]
Yaxley, John, host of the Rose, mayor (1599-
1600) 377-8, 1231
York, duchess (lady) of see Patrons and
Travelling Companies
- duke of see Richard and Patrons and
Travelling Companies
York, Yorks 701, 705
1502 INDEX
Yorkshiremen 464
young men, as actors 173; see also
students
youths, as actors 668
as dancers 735
See also boys
Ypocrisis see Hypocrisis
Zelotypus 928, 944, 950-1,974
Zeno sire Ambitio Infelix 941
Zieg|er, Hieronymus, humanist playwright
703, 965, 979
RECORDS OF EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA
York edited by Alexandra F. Johnston and Margaret Rogerson. 2 volumes. 1979.
Chester edited by Lawrence M. Clopper. 1979.
Coventry edited by R.W. Ingrain. 1981.
Newcastle upon Tyne edited by J.J. Anderson. 1982.
Norwich 1540-1642 edited by David Galloway. 1984.
Cumberland, Westmorland, Gloucestershire
edited by Audrey Douglas and Peter Greenfield. 1986.
Devon edited by John Wasson. 1986.
Cambridge edited by Alan H. Nelson. 2 volumes. 1988.
