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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
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THE
CAMBRIDGE
MODERN HISTORY
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
iLonrion: FETTER LANE, E.G.
C. F. CLAY, Manager
l^;4^
CStjinbursli : loo, PRINCES STREET
JSetlm: A. ASHER AND CO.
Hetpjtg: F. A. BROCKHAUS
i^eto??>orfe: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
ISombag anti CTalcutts: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
AH rights resei-ved
THE
CAMBRIDGE
MODERN HISTORY
PLANNED BY
THE LATE LORD ACTON LL.D.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY
EDITED BY
A. W. WARD LiTT.D.
G. W. PROTHERO LiTT.D.
STANLEY LEATHES M.A ( ^ '
^1 V *6
VOLUME XIII
GENEALOGICAL TABLES AND LISTS
AND
GENERAL INDEX
v'^'
;•/
flt\xs gorfe
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1911
Cambrtogc :
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
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V 15
First puhlithtd 191 J
PREFACE.
THIS Volume contains a series of Genealogical Tables and ListSy the
purpose and character of which are described in some preliminary
remarks prefixed to this section, and a General Index to the twelve
preceding Volumes, arranged on principles stated in a brief explanatory
note.
The Genealogical Tables and Lists have been mainly prepared by
Miss Alice D. Greenwood, Somerville College, Oxford ; valuable help
has also been given by Mr H. G. Aldis, M.A., Peterhouse, Secretary
of the University Library. The General Index has been compiled by
Miss Alice M. Cooke, M.A., formerly of the Acton Department of
the University Library, Cambridge, now Lecturer in History at the
University of Leeds, with the assistance of Miss Greenwood and
Mrs Quiggin. We desire to acknowledge with cordial thanks the aid
thus received in bringing our work to its completion.
It has been thought desirable to insert in this Volume four pages of
which the proper place is at the close of the second paragraph on
page 342 of Vol. vi of this work, where they will be inserted in future
editions. We have to thank Mr E. A. Benians, M.A., of St John's
College, for supplying at our request a gap inadvertently left in the
Volume in question,
A. W. W.
G. W. P.
S. L.
July, 1911.
vu
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Prefacb •••.•• V
Addendum to Page 342 of Vol. VI ..... . ix
Genealogical Tables and Lists .,....- 1
General Index . « , . 207
(Addendum to p. 342 of Vol. VI.)
NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF THE
SEVEN YEARS' WAR.
The failure of Washington (1754) and of Braddock (1755) to check
the advance of the French on the Ohio obliged the British Government
to despatch reinforcements to America. With the counter-preparations
of the French for the defence of Canada the naval war really began.
Boscawen >vas sent to intercept the French reinforcements off Louisburg
(April, 1755); and, sighting the enemy in the mouth of the St Lawrence
(June 10), he captured two vessels. The remainder eluded him in
a fog and reached Quebec. In July, Hawke was ordered to cruise in
the Bay of Biscay to prevent the union of the French Atlantic and
Mediterranean fleets and the return of the American squadron to
Brest. His instructions were extended to include the seizure of French
merchantmen, and, in the course of three months, 300 vessels with
6000 sailors were brought into British ports. All this preceded the
formal declaration of war. The French had good reason for delaying
it : they were making secret preparations, which were not complete, for
delivering a blow in the Mediterranean. The British Government failed
to divine their object, and suspected that a descent on England or an
expedition to America was intended. At last. Sir John Byng was
despatched with ten sail of the line to prevent the Toulon squadron
passing the Straits and to defend Minorca (April 6, 1756). At Gibraltar
he learned that Port Mahon had already been surprised and invested.
Arriving oiF Minorca, he found a French fleet equal to his own in
numbers, and superior in weight and men. After an indecisive engage-
ment, in which several of his vessels suffered considerable damage, he
decided to leave Minorca to its fate and to withdraw for the protection
of Gibraltar. There he was superseded by Hawke, and on his return
home was court-martialled and sentenced to death for neglect of duty
(January, 1757). In the existing temper of the country, discouraged by
reports of disasters from America, the Government dared not pardon his
excessive caution ; although, had it shown more foresight and energy,
he would never have been placed in difficulties which he had not the
qualities of character to overcome. The surrender of Port Mahon,
which followed (June 28), did not much change the situation. It was
not for Minorca, but for America and India, that the War was being
waged; and, while Great Britain possessed Gibraltar, the loss of
Minorca did little to weaken her at the seats of war.
The ministerial changes in England, which gave Pitt a controlling
voice in British policy, led to a concentration on a vigorous offensive
against the French colonies, combined with the support of Frederick in
the continental war by means of money subsidies, military operations,
and naval diversions on the French coast. In America the British object
was the conquest of Canada. The gateway to Canada was Louisburg,
c. M, H. VI. pp. 342 a, b, c, d.
84:2J Attacks on Louisburg, — Canada, [1757-8
a powerful fortress on Cape Breton Isle, at once the first line of Canada's
defence and a perpetual menace to New England. From Louisburg,
the French carried on the cod-fishery, reinforced themselves in America,
and harboured the privateers which, in time of war, preyed on British
trade. In 1757, Quebec was to be assailed both by way of Lake
Champlain and of the St Lawrence — from the latter direction by
a force under the command of the Earl of Loudoun, whose first work
was to be the capture of Louisburg. Vice-Admiral Holbume, with
seventeen sail of the line, escorted the expedition from Halifax (July).
But the French concentrated their squadrons for the defence of the
island and had a superiority of one ship. In the circumstances, Holbume
hesitated to attack, and the attempt was abandoned. The autumn of
the same year saw another discouraging failure. In order to distract
the French from their operations in America and Germany, an expedi-
tion against Rochefort was planned. Sir John Mordaunt commanded
the troops, Hawke the accompanying fleet. But, ignorant of the locality,
the generals failed to form a plan which promised success, and the force
returned without having struck a blow.
In 1758, the attack on Louisburg was renewed. To ensure success, it
was necessary to prevent the French from again concentrating a fleet for
its defence. La Clue was waiting in Cartagena for reinforcements from
Toulon, with which he hoped to pass the Straits and make for America.
Osborne skilfully intercepted and dispersed the Toulon squadron
(February), while Hawke attacked the French off" the lie d'Aix (March)
and prevented the formation of a fleet in the Biscay ports. At the same
time, Boscawen with a large squadron covered the operations of Amherst
and Wolfe ; and in July the great fortress surrendered. Meanwhile,
Frederick was urging the British Government to create a diversion in
his favour by a descent on the enemy's coast. The temporary dispersal
of the French fleets rendered this possible, and in May a force was
collected in the Isle of Wight. Pitt's intention was to take and hold
St Malo, and thus compel the French to withdraw troops from the
Rhine to their northern coast. But, though St Malo was pillaged and
Cherbourg attacked, no substantial result was achieved. On a second
attempt in August, Cherbourg, " that most galling thorn in the side of
British commerce," was taken, and the forts destroyed; but a third
attempt on St Malo in September was repulsed with heavy loss. The
incapacity or unwisdom of the commanders and the preparations of the
French prevented these operations from succeeding, though as a diversion
they contributed to the victories in America, where not only Louisburg,
but also Forts Frontenac and Duquesne, fell to the British.
To the French it was now evident that, in the struggle for the
mastery of the sea, Great Britain was gaining the upper hand, and that
the loss of Louisburg — the first great blow dealt to them during the
War — had exposed Canada to imminent danger. Only a vigorous
ii58-9]ProJectedinvasion of England -Boscawen,Hawhe, 342c
counter-stroke at the heart of the enemy, which would affect his financial
stability and prestige and distract him from distant enterprises, could
change the aspect of affairs. In the latter part of 1758, they boldly
designed the invasion of England. A force of 50,000 was to be landed
in Essex, another of 12,000 in Scotland, and a raid was to be made on
the Irish coast. Transports were prepared in the Biscay and Channel
ports, while at Toulon and Brest fleets were equipped, which were to
unite and clear the way for the expedition. Pitt, while preparing to
resist the attack at home, did not stay his hand in the colonies ; and
his plans for the year included an attack on the French West Indies as
well as the operations in Canada and India. Thus, in 1759, both sides
assumed the offensive.
The first act in the great disaster which overwhelmed the grand
design of the French was begun in the Mediterranean. Boscawen, who
was watching Toulon, was compelled to withdraw to Gibraltar for
repairs. La Clue, seizing his opportunity, came out with twelve sail of
the line. On August 17 he was detected in the Straits by a British
frigate. Boscawen immediately gave chase. During the night. La duel's
fleet divided, and five vessels took refuge in Cadiz. In the afternoon of
the following day, the rear vessel of the remaining seven was overtaken
and, after a desperate struggle, captured. Of the others, two escaped
to the west, and four ran ashore between Lagos and Cape St Vincent,
where the British, disregarding the neutrality of Portugal, destroyed
two and captured two. This defeat deprived the French of any prospect
of invading England, though they did not abandon the remainder of
their plan. The second act was more prolonged, but in its issue more
dramatic and decisive. In blockading the large fleet which was waiting
in Brest, Hawke had a task which only his pertinacity could have carried
through. His chief difficulties were to maintain his crews and ships in
fighting condition and to hold his ground under all conditions of weather.
He met the former by sending his ships, two or three at a time, to
be cleaned and revictualled at Plymouth. But, with a westerly wind
blowing, the blockading fleet was in danger of being driven on shore
and was compelled to withdraw. Fortunately, the same conditions of
weather made it impossible for the French to get out of port. Early
in November, a tremendous gale drove the British fleet into Torbay,
where it was detained for several days. Meanwhile, Bompart, returning
from the West Indies, got into Brest, bringing battered ships but
experienced sailors who were drafted into the waiting fleet. From him
Conflans learnt of Hawke's absence, and accordingly determined to sail at
once for Quiberon Bay, to overpower the frigates under Dufi^, which were
cruising along the coast of southern Britanny, and to take up the troops
at Morbihan. On the day of his departure from Brest (November 14),
Hawke returned with twenty-three sail of the line and promptly started
in pursuit. On the morning of the 20th, the French ships were sighted
Si2d QuiberonBay-Grreat Britain supreme onthesea, [1759-62
near Belle Isle. Conflans, surprised to find himself overtaken by a larger
force, endeavoured to retreat into the Bay, trusting that the British would
not venture on a stormy November afternoon to follow him into its
treacherous waters. But Hawke bore down in pursuit, following the
course of the French, and, within the contracted area of the Bay, among
shoals and reefs, in the midst of a great storm, the Trafalgar of this War
was fought. Seven of the French ships escaped into the Vilaine, nine
to the Loire or to Rochefort, five were taken or destroyed. During the
night two British ships struck on the rocks. It was the price of a
crushing victory, which dispersed all fear of invasion and gave the
command of the sea to Great Britain for the remainder of the War.
Various fates befell the remnants of the great armament which had
been prepared. Thurot, who escaped from Dunkirk with three ships,
after visiting Sweden descended on the Irish coast early in 1760.
He gained a small success at Carrickfergus, but was overtaken by
Captain Eliot off the Isle of Man, and defeated and killed. Rodney
destroyed the flat-bottomed boats at Havre; but the ships blockaded
in the Vilaine slipped out one dark night and got safely into Brest ;
and, with similar good fortune, the division of La Clue's fleet in Cadiz
escaped to Toulon (January, 1761).
During the remainder of the VV^ar, the British fleets maintained
a grand blockade of the French coast from Dunkirk to Marseilles.
They prevented the reunion of the scattered remnants of the French
navy, covered the operations in Canada, paralysed French trade, and
kept the coast towns in a constant state of alarm. At the same time,
Great Britain achieved unparalleled success in the main undertakings
which the containing naval operations covered. In 1759, Quebec fell to
the brilliant genius of Wolfe ; in the West Indies Guadeloupe was taken,
in Africa Goree ; in the East Indies much indecisive fighting ended in
the withdrawal of the French fleet from Indian waters (October). In
the following year the conquest of Canada was completed. Their com-
mand of the sea gave the colony into the hands of the British. The
slender British garrison at Quebec, outnumbered, defeated, and besieged,
depended on reinforcements. These arrived (May 18), while those of the
French were intercepted off the coast of New Brunswick (June 14). Thus,
Quebec was held and Montreal taken. Further successes followed. In
June, 1761, Belle Isle was captured ; in February, 1762, Rodney reduced
the French sugar islands, first Martinique and afterwards St Lucia,
Grenada, Tobago and St Vincent. When Spain joined in the War, her
colonies became objects of attack ; and she lost Havana (August) and
Manila (October) with the whole Philippine group. Supreme on the
sea, Great Britain concentrated on colonial conquest; and, though in
the last years of the war she lost many merchant vessels to the French
privateers, she gained her great object— empire in east and west, resulting
from and resting upon maritime power.
I
GENEALOGICAL TABLES AND LISTS
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
The series of Tables and Lists here supplied consists, in the first
instance, of Genealogical Tables of the sovereign families of European
and certain other countries, together with Lists of elected potentates,
within the period treated in The Cambridge Modern History. To these
are added Genealogical Tables of certain noble houses, with Lists of
chief ministers of great States, and of governors of important depend-
encies and colonies, within the same period. Finally, Lists are given of
English (and British) Parliaments and of Imperial Diets, together with
one or two lists of a special kind adverted to below.
These Tables and Lists are primarily intended as aids in the use
of The Cambridge Modern History \ and no pretence is made that
every one of them is complete in itself. It is, however, hoped that
they will be found to supply the information likely to be required by
a large proportion of students of modern history, and that no personage
of any historical importance has been passed by in the table or list
where his or her name ought to find a place. The Tables and Lists
should throughout be used in conjunction with the General Index,
Among the Genealogical Tables are included those of various families
which were prominent in European Succession questions, or took a lead-
ing part in the civil and religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. Room has been found for Tables of certain other families of
which various members are not easily identifiable in the usual books of
reference. Thus, several notable Irish clans are given. On the other hand,
it has not been thought necessary to include Tables of wellknown houses
in the English and the Scottish nobility, which may be traced without
difficulty in peerages or other handbooks. The Howard, Douglas, and
Campbell families have, however, been exceptionally introduced, in order
to draw attention to their political alliances; and, on much the same
grounds, certain of the great ministerial families of the sixteenth and
eighteenth centuries have been included. The Reding Table, which has
been placed by the side of that of the De Retz family for the sake of
convenience only, is intended to show a connexion not usually noticed.
4 Genealegical Tables and Lists,
As to order of sequence, the Tables and Lists have, so far as possible,
been arranged under the heads of the countries to which they severally
relate, beginning in each division with the British Empire. Here, the
governors of the more important colonies only are given, the lists
beginning ordinarily from the date when representative or responsible
ministerial government was first set on foot in the several colonies.
In the case of the German Genealogical Tables selection has not
been easy, owing to the large number of sovereign families ; so far as
possible, preference has been given to those of which prominent members
are mentioned in the History. The Spanish Tables likewise required
much compression, owing to exigencies of space. The identification of
individuals is peculiarly difficult here, occasionally in consequence of a
form of Spanish pride, which showed itself in the systematic suppression,
in family genealogies, of members of the family who had " disgraced " it.
Spanish titles usually descended to daughters as well as to sons; and
records often only date from the creation of the Grandees of Spain onwards.
An enumeration of the works used in the compilation of the Genea-
logical Tables and for certain of the Lists would be in some respects
misleading, but it may be of service to the student to direct his
attention, among more recent publications, to A. Cohn's revised edition
of T. G. VoigtePs Stammtafeln der Geschichte der europdischen Staaten,
of which unfortunately only Vol. i (Germany and the Netherlands) has
appeared (Brunswick, 1871); to Fernandez de Bethen court's Historia
geneahgica y heraldica de la Monarquia Espanola (Vols, i-viii, Madrid,
1897-1910, in progress) ; to Burgos' Blazon de Espana (Madrid, 1853-
60) ; and to P. Litta's Famiglie Celebri Italiane (Milan, 1819 sqq., in
progress). J. Hiibner's venerable Genealogische Tabellen, 4 vols. (1733-
QQ) with Supplements (Copenhagen, 1822-4), have been put largely
under contribution, together with Koch's Tables Genealogiques des
Maisons souveraines de VEnrope (Strassburg, 1780), especially useful
for Italy and France, and L. Moreri's Grand Dictionnaire historique^
particularly in the Spanish edition, 8 vols., Paris, 1753.
The list of English Parliaments has been compiled from the data in
the Journals of the two Houses (which often supplement each other), the
Statutes of the Realm, and the Calendars of State Papers, compared with
C. H. Parry's The Parliaments and Councils of England (1839) and other
authorities.
The List of Congresses and Conferences has been confined mainly to
formal gatherings of plenipotentiaries of the chief European States, or of
particular States negotiating with one another as to terms of peace and
other objects of common interest ; but a few meetings between sovereigns
Preliminary Remarks,
mentioned in the earlier portions of this History, and a few meetings of
representatives of particular opinions or interests in recent times, have
been exceptionally included.
The List of Leagues and Alliances is essentially a selected list. It
might, of course, have been extended almost indefinitely in many periods
of Modern History between the fifteenth and the twentieth century;
the guiding consideration has in each case been the relative historical
importance of the league or alliance mentioned, and its consequent
mention in this work. Confederations of States formed on the basis
of a written constitution have been consistently omitted.
No List of General Councils has been inserted, the number of
Councils acknowledged as such by the Western Church at large from the
fifteenth century onwards being so small that an enumeration of them
seemed unnecessary. On the other hand, a List of Secularised Bishoprics
seemed desirable, in view of the difficulty in following the main territorial
changes involved. It has not however proved possible to include the
large list of Abbots and Abbesses of princely rank; the dates of
the secularisation of their dominions may easily be ascertained from
C. WolfTs Die unmittelharen Theile des ehemaligen romisch-deutschen
Kaiserreiches, etc. (Berlin, 1873), or from other sources.
The Lists of Congresses and Conferences and of Leagues and
Alliances are expressly intended to be selections only ; from the former.
Religious Colloquies have been excluded.
Finally, the List of Universities has been restricted to Universities
proper ; single Faculties as well as University Colleges, Academies, and
similar institutions providing higher instruction being, for want of space,
excluded. The list does not include Universities founded before 1450.
Among the Universities of the United States of America, those are
enumerated which report to the United States Bureau of Education
and are included in its lists. Some of the more important Academies
and Societies founded for the advance of learning and research are
mentioned in Chapter xxiii of Vol. v of this History,
Titles borne and offices held by persons mentioned in the Tables
or Lists have been inserted only in so far as they seemed necessary
for the purpose of identification. Fuller descriptions will often be
found in the General Index, or in the Indexes of particular volumes.
The spelling of names conforms so far as possible to the rules adopted
in the compilation of the General Index, in view of the precedents set
by the History itself. Christian names are Anglicised or left in their
foreign form as in the hidex and the History, and foreign surnames are
spelt as they are spelt there. Titles are given in English where English
C. M. H. «
6 Genealogical Tables and Lists,
equivalents exist ; in the case of French titles, they are given in French
(7>MC, etc.) from the French Revolution onwards, when they ceased to be
territorial and became honorific only.
In the Genealogical Tables^
Black type is used for crowned heads, Emperors and Kings — but
not for those incidentally mentioned {e.g. as married) in Tables of other
Houses.
Small CAPrrALs are used for succession of minor territorial potentates,
as Electors, Archdukes, etc., and for titles of a branch line in the table,
in brackets, e.g. [Weimar].
Explanatory indications (of various kinds) are given in italics.
Dates of accession are given only when necessary to avoid confusion —
date of death alone is given when succession went from father to son, or
from brother to brother, or is obvious without a date of accession.
A reference to another table {see e.g. Table 100) signifies that a line
not shown in the Table containing the reference continues in the Table
referred to ; or that there is some other special reason for the reference.
Preliminary Remarks.
In the Tables and Lists use has been made of the following
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS.
abd.
for abdicated
s.
for
son
Abp.
,j Archbishop
Sec.
3)
Secretary
Adm.
„ Administrator
s.p.
f>
sine prole {i.e. legitima),
Archd.
„ Archduke
only inserted when some
Archdss.
i, Archduchess
importance attaches to
b.
„ born
the fact
Bp.
ji Bishop
Visct.
fi
Viscount
C. Ctss.
y. County Countess
wid. wdr.
3}
widow, widower
Capt.
„ Captain
(1)(2)(3)
if
placed next to the name
Card.
„ Cardinal
of a person, signifies the
Col.
,f Colonel
ordinal among his or her
Cons.
„ Consort
marriages of that noted
cr.
f, created
in the table (e.g. Henry
D. Dss.
„ Duke, Duchess
VIII(6)=(3)Cath.Parr).
dau.
,, daughter
If placed above a name.
dep.
ff deposed
(1) (2) indicates child of
div.
yy divorced
first or second marriage
Dow.
yy Dowager
l,^(ital.]
1
above name indicates order
E. Ctss.
,, Earl, Countess
of birth (used where this
El.
yy Elector
is altered in the order of
Emp.
„ Emperor
printing, for the sake of
Empss.
„ Empress
convenience)
ex.
„ executed
=
for married
G. D.
fy Grand Duke
t
»
died
Gen.
yy General
HZ
»
4 generations (and so with
Gov.
yy Governor
=
other numbers)
K.
» King
99
lapse of several genera-
Lgr.
,y Landgrave
tions, not specified
Lieut.
„ Lieutenant
^
»f
descendants not here shown
Lt.-Gen.
„ Lieutenant-General
...-,.„
i)
illegitimate
Lt.-Gov.
„ Lieutenant-Governor
( )
enclosing title, signifies, in
M.
y, Marquis or Margrave
the Tables, that this was
morg.
y, morganatic
acquired after marriage ;
Mss.
„ Marchioness
enclosing a lower title, it
murd.
y, murdered
means that this is the
P. Pss.
„ Prince, Princess
title generally used; in
Pal.
„ Palatine
the Lists, that the date
Pres.
yy President
of its acquisition was
Q.
„ Queen
after that of appoint-
ren.
„ renounced claim
ment to the office in
rest.
y, restored
question
GENEALOGICAL TABLES AND LISTS.
Part I. Genealogical Tables of Ruling and Noble Houses.
A. The British Empire.
Table
1
ff
2
33
3
S3
4
33
5
33
6
33
7
33
8
33
9
33
10
S3
11
33
12
33
13
33
14
33
15
93
16
33
17
33
18
33
19
33
20
33
21
B. France.
Table 22
33
23
33
24
93
25
93
26
93
27
93
28
93
29
93
30
Houses of Tudor in England and of Stewart in Scotland. (The
Tudor and the Stewart Succession.)
House of Stewart.
The English Succession, 1714.
Hanover line.
Saxe-Coburg and -Gotha line.
Grey, Seymour and Dudley.
Howard and Dacre.
Devereux (Essex) and Sidney.
Cecil and Bacon.
Cromwell.
Churchill, Spencer, Cavendish, Walpole, Townsbend, and Pelham.
Stanhope, Pitt, and Grenville.
Granville and Russell.
Fox and Lennox.
Douglas and Hamilton. (Principal branches in the sixteentb
century.)
Campbell (Argyll and Breadalbane). (To the latter part of the
eighteenth century.)
Earls of Desmond and Kildare (Fitzgerald).
Butler (Ormond, Ossory, and Mountgarret).
O'Neill (Tyrone).
O'Donnell (Tyrconnel).
O'Brien (Thomond and Inchiquin).
House of Valois (1) to Charles VIII.
„ (2) from Louis XII.
House of Bourbon and Bourbon-Orleans.
Bourbon and Montpensier.
Bourbon (Conde and Vendome)
Montmorency and Coligny.
Bouillon.
Guise and Longueville.
De Retz.
30 A Reding.
31 House of Bonaparte.
10 Genealogical Tables and Lists,
C. The Empire and Austria.
Table 32 House of Habsburg to Charles VI.
33 Habsburg-Lorraine line. (The Austrian Succession.)
34 Lorraine.
35 Electors of Brandenburg.
36 Prussia.
37 Brandenburg-Baireuth (Culmbach) and Brandenburg-Ansbach.
38 The Succession to Jiilich, Cleves and Berg.
39 The House of Wittelsbach in the Palatinate and Bavaria.
40 Bavaria (1). House of Wittelsbach from 1460.
41 „ (2).
42 The Palatinate (1) old line.
43 „ (2) Simmern line.
44 „ (3) Zweibriicken line.
45 „ (4) Neuburg line.
46 „ (6) Sulzbach line.
47 ,, (6) Birkenfeld line and Kings of Bavaria.
48 Saxony. House of Wettin: earlier Ernestine line m Gotha,
Weimar, and Altenburg.
49 Electors and Kings of Saxony. House of Wettin, Albertine line.
50 Saxony. Later Ernestine lines in Gotha, Coburg, and Altenburg
(Hildburghauseu).
51 Saxony. Later Ernestine lines in Weimar-Eisenach and Meiningen.
52 Brunswick and Brunswick-Liineburg (to George II).
53 Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel.
54 Kings of Hanover (from George III).
55 Landgraves, Electors and Grand Dukes of Hesse and Princes of
Battenberg.
56 Margraves and Grand Dukes of Baden. House of Zahringen.
57 Dukes and Kings of Wiirtemberg and Dukes of Teck.
58 Anhalt.
59 The Schleswig-Holstein Succession.
60 Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp and Grand Dukes of Oldenburg.
61 Mecklenburg.
62 Dukes of Pomerania (from 1478).
62 A Later Counts of Mansfeld (of Eisleben).
D. The Netherlands.
Table 63 Burgundy and Brabant.
,, 64 Orange- Nassau ; Stadholders of Holland and Zeeland etc.
„ 65 Nassau-Dillenburg, Nassau-Siegen ; Kings of Holland ; Stadholders
of (West) Friesland ; Grand Dukes of Luxemburg
,, 66 Belgium. House of Coburg.
E. Italy.
Table 67 Savoy.
„ 68 Visconti and Sforza in Milan (showing the French claim to Milan).
„ 69 Florence and Tuscany: House of Medici.
„ 70 Dukes of Parma: Farnese line.
,y 71 Naples : lines of Aragon and Anjou and the French claim.
„ 72 Naples (two Sicilies) and Parma: Bourbon lines.
„ 73 Grand Dukes of Tuscany and Modena.
74 Ferrara and Modena: House of Este.
I
Genealogical Tables and Lists,
11
E.
G.
H.
J.
K.
L.
Italy (contd.).
Table 75 Dukes of Mantua: House of Gonzaga from 1478.
Cibo and Chigi.
Borgia.
Dukes of Urbino: Montefeltro and della Rovere.
Aldobrandini, Borghese, and Pamfili.
Houses of Castile and Aragon to Philip III.
The family of Charles V.
The Spanish Succession.
House of Bourbon.
Kings of Navarre.
Toledo (Alva), Figueroa, and Henriquez.
Zuniga (Ayamonte, Miranda, Monterey) and Sandoval.
Velasco, Mendoza, and Guzman (Medina Sidonia and Olivares).
Portugal and Brazil.
Table 88 Kings of Portugal from John I to John IV.
,, 89 House of Braganza
Sweden and Norway.
Table 90 Houses of Vasa and Holstein-Gottorp.
House of Bernadotte.
King of Norway.
ft
76
a
77
33
78
33
79
Spain
.
Table 80
33
81
33
82
33
83
33
84
33
85
33
86
33
87
91
92
Denmark.
Table 93
„ 94
Kings of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. (House of Oldenburg I.)
Kings of Denmark and Norway. (House of Oldenburg II.)
Poland, Hungary and Transylvania.
Table 95 Houses of Jagello and Zapdlya.
„ 96 Bathory.
„ 97 Bethlen and Apaffy. (o) Bethlen of Iktar, (6) Apaffy.
„ 98 Rakdczy and Zrinyi.
„ 99 Czartoryski.
Russia.
Table 100
„ 101
Tsars in Russia from 1462.
House of Romanoff.
Turkey and the Balkan States.
Table 102 The Ottoman Sultans from 1461.
„ 103 Greece.
„ 104 Montenegro.
„ 105 Servia. (a) House of Karageorgevich, (6) House of Obrenovich.
„ 106 Roumania.
„ 107 Bulgaria.
M. The East.
Table 108
33 109
„ no
„ 111
« 112
Egypt, {a) Grand Vezirs of the femily of Kiuprili, (6) Khedives
of the family of Mohammad ^^AH (Mehemet Ali).
Persia. Shahs of the Kajar Dynasty.
Moghul Emperors of India.
{a) Manchu-Tartar Emperors of China, Ta Ch'ing Dynasty,
{h) Recent Emperors of Japan.
Japan. Shoguus of the Tokugawa Dynasty from 1603.
12 Genealogical Tables and Lists.
Part II. Lists of Spiritual Princes, Elected Sovereigns, etc.
The Popes from 1447.
Electors of Cologne from 1463.
„ Mainz from 1434.
„ Trier from 1439.
Archbishops of Canterbury from 1464.
Archbishops of York from 1480.
Bishops and Archbishops of Paris from 1473.
Generals of the Order of Jesus.
Elected Kings of Poland.
Doges of Venice from 1414.
Presidents of the United States of America.
,, French Republic.
Presidents of Mexico.
yy Brazil.
Lords Lieutenant, Lords Deputy, and Lords Justices of Ireland
from 1485.
Governors-General of India and other Indian Governors.
Governors and Acting Governors (1656-1904) of Jamaica.
,j of North American Colonies before 1776.
„ and Governors-General of the Dominion of Canada.
„ ,, ,, of Australia and New Zealand.
„ and Commissioners of South Africa.
Consuls-General, etc., of Egypt and the Sudan.
Governors of the Spanish Netherlands and Governors of the
Austrian Netherlands.
Palatines of Hungary and Princes of Transylvania.
Spanish Governors of Milan.
Viceroys of Naples and Sicily.
Chief Ministers in Great Britain (England) from 1485.
,f France from Henry IV.
,, the Empire and Austria from Charles V to
1871.
„ Prussia to 1871.
Chancellors of the German Empire.
Chief Ministers in the Kingdom of Italy.
„ Spain from Philip III to 1873.
Part III. Lists of Parliaments, General Councils, etc.
Table 146 List of Secularised Bishoprics (with dates of secularisation and
new sovereigns).
147 ,, English Parliaments (1486 to the Septennial Act).
Imperial Diets (selection only).
Congresses and Conferences (selection only).
Leagues and Alliances (selection only).
Universities founded from 1450.
Table 113
if
114
>f
115
93
116
»
117
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118
a
119
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120
f)
121
93
122
99
123
99
124
93
125
93
126
93
127
33
128
33
129
33
130
93
131
33
132
33
133
33
134
33
135
33
136
33
137
33
138
33
139
33
140
33
141
33
142
33
143
33
144
it
145
9)
148
99
149
9i
150
93
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TABLE 113
THE POPES FROM 1447
1447 Mar.— 1456 Mar. Nicholas V (Thomas of Sarzana).
1456 Ap.— 1468 Aug. Oalixtus III (Alfonso Borgia).
1458 Aug. — 1464 Aug. Pius II (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini).
1464 Aug.— 1471 July Paid II (Pietro Barbo).
1471 Aug.— 1484 Aug. Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere).
1484 Aug.— 1492 July Innocent VIII (Giambattista Cibo).
1492 Aug.— 1603 Aug. Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia).
1603 Sept.— Oct. Pius III (Francesco Todeschini (Piccolomini)).
1503 Nov.— 1613 Feb. Julius II (Giulio della Rovere).
1513 Mar.— 1621 Dec. Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici).
1522 Jan.— 1523 Sept. Adrian VI (Adrian Boyers (of Utrecht)).
1523 Nov.— 1534 Sept. Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici).
1534 Oct.— 1549 Nov. Paul III (Alessandro Farnese).
1550 Feb.— 1555 Mar. Julius III (Giovanni Maria del Monte).
1555 Ap. Marcellus II (Marcello Cervini).
1555 May— 1559 Aug. Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraffa).
1559 Dec— 1565 Dec. Pius IV (Gian-Angelo de' Medici).
1566 Jan.— 1572 May Pius V (Michele Ghislieri).
1572 May— 1585 Ap. Gregory XIII (Ugo Buoncompagno).
1585 Ap.— 1590 Aug. Sixtus V (Felix Peretti (Card. Montalto)).
1590 Sept. Urban VII (Giambattista Castagna).
1590 Dec— 1591 Oct. Gregory XIV (Niccolo Sfondrato).
1591 Oct.— Dec. Innocent IX (Gian- Antonio Facchinetto).
1592 Jan.— 1605 Mar. Clement VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini).
1605 Ap. Leo XI (Alessandro Ottavio de' Medici).
1605 May— 1621 Jan. Paul V (Camillo Borghese).
1621 Feb.— 1623 July Gregory XV (Alessandro Ludovisi).
1623 Aug.— 1644 July Urban VIII (Maifeo Barberini).
1644 Sept.— 1655 Jan. Innocent X (Giambattista Pamfili).
1655 Ap.— 1667 May Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi).
1667 June— 1669 Dec. Clement IX (Giulio Rospigliosi).
1670 Ap.— 1676 July Clement X (Giambattista Altieri).
1676 Sept.— 1689 Aug. Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi).
1689 Oct.— 1691 Feb. Alexander VIII (Pietro Ottobuoni).
1691 July— 1700 Sept. Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli).
1700 Nov.— 1721 Mar. Clement XI (Gianfrancesco Albano).
1721 May— 1724 Mar. Innocent XIII (Michelangelo Conti).
1724 May— 1780 Feb. Benedict XIII (Pietro Francesco Orsini).
1780 July— 1740 Feb. Clement XII (Lorenzo Corsini).
1740 Aug.— 1758 May Benedict XIV (Prosper Lambertini).
1758 July— 1769 Feb. Clement XIII (Carlo Rezzonico).
1769 May— 1774 Sept. Clement XIV (Giovanni V. Antonio Ganganelli).
1775 Feb.— 1799 Aug. Pius VI (Giovan-Angelo Braschi).
1800 Mar.— 1823 Aug. Pius VII (Gregorio Bernabo Chiaramonte).
1823 Sept.— 1829 Feb. Leo XII (Annibale della Genga).
1829 Mar.— 1830 Nov. Pius VIII (Francesco Xavier Castiglione).
1831 Feb.— 1846 June Gregory XVI (Mauro Capellari).
1846 June— 1878 Feb. Pius IX (Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti).
1878 Feb.— 1903 July Leo XIII (Joachim Pecci).
1903 Aug. Pius X (Giuseppe Sarto).
TABLE 114
ELECTORS OF COLOGNE FROM 1463
Bate of
election
1463 Rupert C. Palatine (48th Abp.).
1480 Hermann IV, son of Lewis I Lgr. of Hesse.
1608 Philip II C. von Daun-Oberstein.
1616 Hermann V C. von Wied, dep. by Paul III 1646, ahd. 1547.
1646 Adolphus III C. von Schauenburg.
1566 Antony C, von Schauenburg.
1568 Gebhard I C. von Mansfeld.
1562 Frederick IV C. von Wied, ahd. 1567.
1567 Salentin C. von Isenburg, ahd. 1677.
1577 Gebhard II Truchsess von Waldburg, married 1583, dep. hy Gregory XIII.
1583 Ernest, sm of Albert V D. of Bavaria.
1612 Ferdinand, son of William V D. of Bavaria (Coadjutor from 1596).
1660 Maximilian Henry, son o/" Albert VI D. of Bavaria.
1688 Joseph Clement, son of Ferdinand Maria El, of Bavaria.
1723 Clement Augustus, son of Maximilian II El. of Bavaria.
1761 Maximilian Frederick C. von Konigseck-Rothenfels.
1784 Maximilian, son of Emp. Francis I (Coadjutor from 1780).
1801 Antony Victor, son qf Emp. Leopold II. Renounced election.
8—2
TABLE 116
ELECTORS OF MAINZ FROM 1434
Date of
election
1434 Dietrich C. of Erbach (64th Abp.).
1459 Diether C. of Iseiiburg, dep. 1461, abd. 1463.
1461 Adolphus II C. of Nassau.
1475 Diether rest.
1482 D. Albert of Saxony {son o/El. Ernest of Saxony; Coadjutor from 1479).
1484 Berthold C. of Henneberg.
1504 Jacob Frhr. von Liebenstein.
1508 Uriel von Gemmingen.
1514 M. Albert of Brandenburg^ Abp. of Magdeburg.
1545 Sebastian von Heusenstamm.
1555 Daniel Brendel von Homburg.
1582 Wolfgang von Dalberg.
1601 John Adam von Bicken.
1604 John Schweikhard von Kronberg.
1626 George Frederick von GreiiFenklau zu Vollraths.
1629 Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt.
1647 John Philip von Schonborn, Bp. of Wiirzburg and Worms.
1673 Lothar Frederick von Metternich, Bp. of Speier and Worms (Coadjutor from
1670).
1675 Damian Hartard von der Leyen, Bp. of Worms.
1679 Charles Henry C. von Metternich (Coadjutor from 1670).
1679 Anselm Francis von Ingelheim.
1695 Lothar Francis von Schonborn, Bp. of Bamberg (Coadjutor from 1694).
1729 Francis Lewis C. Palatine of Neuburg, Bp. of Breslau and Worms, translated
from Trier (Coadjutor from 1710).
1732 Philip Charles Frhr. von Eltz.
1743 John Frederick Charles C. von Ostein, Bp. of Worms 1756.
1763 Emmerich Joseph Frhr. von Breitbach-Biiresheim, Bp. of Worms 1768.
1774 Frederick Charles Joseph Frhr. von Erthal, Bp. of Worms.
1802-3 Charles Theodore Frhr. von Dalberg (Coadjutor from 1787), Chancellor
of the Empire 1803-6; Abp. of Ratisbon 1805-17; Primas of the
Rheinbund 1806-13 ; G. D. of Frankfort 1810-13 ; t 1817.
TABLE 116
ELECTORS OF TRIER FROM 1439
Date of
election
1439 James I von Sirk.
1466 John II of Baden.
1503 James II M. of Baden.
1611 Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollraths.
1531 John III von Metzenhausen.
1540 John IV von Hagen.
1547 John V C. von Isenhurg.
1556 John VI von der Leyen.
1567 James III von Eltz.
1581 John VII von Schonenherg.
1600 Lothar von Metternich.
1623 Philip Christopher von Sotem.
1652 Charles Caspar von der Leyen (Coadjutor from 1650).
1676 John Hugo Frhr. von Orsbeck (Coadjutor from 1672).
1711 Charles Joseph D. of Lorraine,
1716 Francis Lewis C. Palatine of Neuburg, translated to
Mainz 1729.
1729 Francis George C. von Schonbom.
1756 John Philip Frhr. von Walderdorf.
1768 Clement Wenceslaus, son o/* Frederick Augustus II of
Saxony (Augustus III of Poland), abd. 1802.
TABLE 117
ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY FROM 1454
1464-86 Thomas Bourchier (Bp. of Ely) (65th Abp.).
1486-1600 John Morton (Bp. of Ely) (Card. 1493).
1600-3 Henry Dean (Bp. of Salisbury).
1603-32 William Warham (Bp. of London).
1633-56 Thomas Cranmer (Archdeacon of Taunton).
1556-8 Reginald Pole (Card. 1536).
1559-76 Matthew Parker (Dean of Lincoln).
1576-83 Edmund Grindal (Abp. of York).
1583-1604 John Whitgift (Bp. of Worcester).
1604-10 Richard Bancroft (Bp. of London).
1611-33 George Abbot (Bp. of London).
1633-46 William Laud (Bp. of London) {ex. 1645).
1645-60 See vacant.
1660-3 William Juxon (Bp. of London).
1663-77 Gilbert Sheldon (Bp. of London).
1678-91 William Sancroft (Archdeacon of Canterbury).
1691-4 John Tillotson (Dean of Canterbury).
1694-1715 Thomas Tenison (Bp. of Lincoln).
1716-37 William Wake (Bp. of Lincoln).
1737-47 John Potter (Bp. of Oxford).
1747-57 Thomas Herring (Abp. of York).
1757-8 Matthew Hutton (Abp. of York).
1758-68 Thomas Seeker (Bp. of Oxford).
1768-83 Frederick Cornwallis (Bp. of Lichfield and Coventry and Dean of
St Paul's).
1783-1806 John Moore (Bp. of Bangor).
1805-28 Charles Manners-Sutton (Bp. of Norwich and Dean of Windsor).
1828-48 William Howley (Bp. of London).
1848-62 John Bird Sumner (Bp. of Chester).
1862-8 Charles Thomas Longley (Abp. of York).
1868-82 Archibald Campbell Tait (Bp. of London).
1882-96 Edward White Benson (Bp. of Truro).
1896-1903 Frederick Temple (Bp. of London).
1903 Randall Thomas Davidson (Bp. of Winchester).
TABLE 118
ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK FROM 1480
1480-1500
ITiomas Rotherham (53rd Abp.).
1501
Thomas Savage.
1508
Christopher Bainbridge.
1514
Thomas Wolsey.
1531
Edward Lee.
1545
Robert Holgate, deprived 1554.
1655
Nicholas Heath, deprived 1559.
1561
Thomas Young.
1570
Edmund Grindal.
1576
Edwin Sandys.
1589
John Piers.
1595
Matthew Button.
1606
Tobias Matthew.
1628
George Monteigne.
1628
Samuel Harsnett.
1632
Richard Neile.
1641
John Waiiams, t 1650.
1650-60 See vacant.
1660
Accepted Frewen.
1664
Richard Sterne.
1683
John Dolben.
1688
Thomas Lamplugh.
1691
John Sharp.
1714
Sir William Dawes Bart.
1724
Lancelot Blackburne.
1743
Thomas Herring.
1747
Matthew Hutton.
1757
John Gilbert.
1761
Robert Hay Drummond.
1777
William Markham.
1807
Edward Harcourt.
1847
Thomas Musgrave.
1860
Charles Thomas Longley.
1862
William Thomson.
1891
William Connor Magee.
1891
William Dairy mple Maclagan, res. 1908.
1908
Cosmo Gordon Lang.
TABLE 119
BISHOPS AND ARCHBISHOPS OF PARIS FROM 1473
BISHOPS
Date of
succession
1473 Louis de Beaumont de la Foret.
1492 Jean-Simon de Champigny.
1503 I^tienne de Poncher.
1519 Francois de Poncher.
1532 Jean du Bellay, Card.
1551 Eustache du Bellay.
1564 Guillaume Viole.
1568 Pierre de Gondi, Card., resigned 1598, t 1616.
1598 Henri de Gondi, Card, de Retz.
ARCHBISHOPS
1622 Jean-Francois de Gondi, Card.
1654 Jean-Fran9ois-Paul de Gondi, Card, de Retz, resigned 1662, f 1679.
1662 Pierre de Marca.
1664 Harduin de Perefixe de Beaumont.
1671 Francois de Harlai de Champvallon.
1695 Louis-Antoine de Noailles, Card.
1729 Charles-Gaspar-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc.
1746 Jacques-Bonne-Gigault de Bellefonds.
1746 Christophe-Beaumont de Re'paire.
1781 Antoine-L.-L. Leclerc de Juigne.
1802 Jean-Baptiste du Belloy, Card.
1817 Alexandre-Angelique de Talleyrand Perigord, Card.
1821 Hyacinthe-Louis C. de Quelen.
1840 Denis d'Affre, murd. 1848.
1848 Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour.
1857 Francois-N.-M. Morlot, Card.
1863 Georges Darboy.
1871 Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert, Card.
1886 Francois-Marie-Benjamin Richard, Card.
1908 Leo Augustus Amette, Card.
TABLE 120
GENERALS OF THE ORDER OF JESUS
1. St Ignatius Loyola (Inigo Lopez de Recalde), t 1566, canonised 1622,
founded the Order 1634 (authorised by Paul III 1540).
2. 1656 Father Jacobus Laynez.
3. 1565 St Francis Borgia.
4. 1572 Father Everard Mercurian.
5. 1581 ,, Claude Aquaviva.
6. 1615 „ Mutio Vitelleschi.
7. 1645 „ Vincent Caraifa.
8. 1649 „ Francis Piccolomini.
9. 1651 „ Alexander GottifredL
10. 1662 „ Goswin Nickel.
11. 1664 „ John Paul Oliva.
12. 1681 „ Charles de Noyella.
13. 1687 3) Thyrsis Gonzales de Santalla.
14. 1706 „ Michael Angelo Tamburini.
15. 1730 „ Francis Retz.
16. 1750 „ Ignatius Visconti.
17. 1765 ,, Louis Centurione.
18. 1758 „ Lorenzo Ricci (t 1775).
r Stanislaus Czerniewiczl
1775-1802 Vacancy. \ Gabriel Lienkiewicz y Vicars-general.
\ Francis Xavier Kareu J
19. 1802 Father Gabriel Gruber.
20. 1805 y. Thaddeus Brzozowski.
21. 1820 „ Louis Fortis.
22. 1829 „ Jean Roothaan.
23. 1863 „ Pierre-Jean Beckx, retired 1884.
24. 1887 „ Antoine Anderledy.
26. 1892 „ Luis Martin.
[The Order was expelled from France 1694, readmitted 1603, expelled 1764 ;
expelled from Venice 1606, Bohemia 1618, Naples 1622, the Indies 1623,
Portugal 1759, Spain 1767, readmitted 1818, Russia 1817. It was dissolved
by Clement XIV 1773, restored by Pius VII 1814.]
TABLE 121
ELECTED KINGS OF POLAND
1574 Henry of Valois (Henry IH K. of France).
1575 Stephen Bathory, t 1586 s.p.
1587 Sigismund HI (K. of Sweden), t 1632.
1632 Ladislaus VII, son o/ Sigismund III, t 1648.
1648 John Casimir V, son o/* Sigismund III, ahd. 1668.
1669 Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki, t 1673.
1674 John III Sobieski, t 1696.
1697 Augustus II (El. Frederick Augustus I of Saxony), dep. 1704.
1704 Stanislaus Leszczynski, dep. 1709.
1709 Augustus II, rest., t 1733.
1733 Stanislaus Leszczynski, rest.
1734 Augustus III (El. Frederick Augustus II) son o/ Augustus II,
t 1763.
1764 Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, abd. 1795.
[First Partition of Poland 1772; Second Partition 1793; Third Partition 1795.]
TABLE 122
DOGES OF VENICE FROM 1414
Date of
Date of
election
election
1414
Tommaso Mocenigo (64th Doge).
1618
Nicolo Donato.
1423
Francesco Foscarini.
1618
Antonio Priuli.
1457
Pasquale Malipiero,
1623
Francesco Contarini.
1462
Cristofero Moro.
1624
Giovanni Cornaro.
1471
Nicolo Tron.
1630
Nicolo Contarini.
1472
Nicolo Marcello.
1631
Francesco Erizzo.
1474
Pietro Mocenigo.
1646
Francesco Molin.
1476
Andrea Vendramin.
1655
Carlo Contarini.
1478
Giovanni Mocenigo.
1656
Francesco Cornaro.
1485
Marco Barbarigo.
1656
Bertucci Valier.
1486
Agostino Barbarigo.
1658
Giovanni Pesaro.
1501
Leonardo Loredano.
1659
Domenico Contarini.
1621
Antonio Grimani.
1675
Nicolo Sagredo.
1523
Andrea Gritti.
1676
Alvise Contarini.
1539
Pietro Lando.
1684
Marcantonio Giustinian.
1545
Francesco Donate.
1688
Francesco Morosini.
1553
Antonio Trevisan.
1694
Silvestro Valier.
1554
Francesco Venier.
1700
Alvise Mocenigo IL
1556
Lorenzo Priuli.
1709
Giovanni Corner.
1559
Girolamo Priuli.
1722
Alvise Mocenigo III.
1567
Pietro Loredano.
1732
Carlo Ruzzini.
1570
Alvise Mocenigo L
1735
Alvise Pisani.
1577
Sebastiano Venier.
1741
Pietro Grimani.
1578
Nicolo da Ponte.
1752
Francesco Loredano.
1585
Pasquale Cicogna.
1762
Marco Foscarini.
1595
Marin Grimani.
1763
Alvise Mocenigo IV.
1606
Leonardo Donato.
1779
Paolo Renier.
1612
Marcantonio Memmo.
1789
Ludovico Manin {dep. 1797)
1616
Giovanni Bembo.
0
^enice annexed by Austria.)
TABLE 123
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
{Elected for a term of four years)
Elected for second
Elected term of office
George Washington
1789
1793
John Adams
1797
Thomas Jefferson
1801
1805
James Madison
1809
1813
James Monroe
1817
1821
John Quincy Adams
1825
Andrew Jackson
1829
1833
Martin Van Buren
1837
William Henry Harrison
1841 (t April 1841)
John Tyler
1841
James Knox Polk
1845
Zachary Taylor
1849 (t 1850)
Millard Fillmore
1850
Franklin Pierce
1853
James Buchanan
1857
Abraham Lincoln
1861
1865 (murd. 1866)
Andrew Johnson
1865
Ulysses Simpson Grant
1869
1873
Rutherford Birchard Hayes
1877
James Abram Garfield
1881 {murd. 1881)
Chester Alan Arthur
1881
Stephen Grover Cleveland
1886
Benjamin Harrison
1889
Stephen Grover Cleveland
1893
William McKinley
1897
1901 (murd. 1901)
Theodore Roosevelt
1901
1906
William Howard Taft
1909
TABLE 124
PRESIDENTS OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
{Elected for a term of seven years)
Date of election
Augnist 1871
May 1873
January 1879
December 1887
June 1894
January 1895
February 1899
January 1906
Marie-Joseph-Louis-Adolpbe Thiers.
Marie-Edme-Patrice-Maurice de Macmahon,
D. of Magenta^ Marshal of France.
Fran9ois-Paul-Jules Grevy, re-elected 1886,
Marie-Fran9ois-Sadi Carnot, murd.
Jean-Paul-Pierre Casimir-Pe'rier, resigned,
Fran9ois-Felix Faure, died.
Emile Loubet.
Armand Fallieres.
TABLE 125
PRESIDENTS OF MEXICO
{The dates are those of election)
[1821 Independence declared ; Augustin Iturbidi Generalissimo ;
1822 declared himself Emperor and deposed ; 1823 dictatorship
of Guerrero, Bravo, and Negretti. ]
Gen. G. Victoria, 1824.
Gen. Guerrero, 1827, Dictator 1829-30.
Gen. Anastasio Bustameute, 1830-2.
Gen. Pedraza, 1832.
Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, 1835.
Jose J. Caro, 1836.
Gen. A. Bustamente, 1837-40.
Gen. Farias, 1840.
Gen. de Santa Anna, President 1840 ; Dictator 1841-4.
Gen. Jose Joaquin Herrera, ad int. 1844 ; President 1845.
Gen. Paredes, 1845-6.
Gen. Sales, ad int. 1846-7-
Gen. de Santa Anna, 1847-8.
Gen. Herrera, 1848-51.
Gen. Mariano Arista, 1851.
M. J. Ceballos, 1852.
Gen. de Santa Anna, Dictator 1853-5.
Gen. Ignacio Comonfort, ad int. 1855-8.
Gen. Felix Zuloago, ad int. 1858.
Gen. Miguel Miramon, 1859.
Gen. Benito Juarez, 1861 (with dictatorial powers).
Maximilian Archd. of Austria, Emp. 1864, ex. 1867.
Gen. Benito Juarez, 1867.
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejarda, 1872.
Porfirio Diaz, 1877-80.
Manuel Gonzales, 1880-4.
Porfirio Diaz, 1885.
TABLE 126
BRAZIL
1822 Pedro I, King. Emp. 1825, ahd. 1831.
1831 Brazilian Declaration of Independence.
„ Pedro II, dep. 1889.
1889 Republic proclaimed.
PRESIDENTS {elected in March, assume office in December).
1889 Gen. Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca, res. 1891.
[1891 Gonstitittion adopted.]
1891 Floriano Peixoto ( Vice-president).
1894 Dr Prudente de Moraes Barros.
1898 Dr Campos Salles.
1902 Rodriguez Alves.
1906 Dr Affonso Penna (t June, 1909).
1909 (June) Dr Milo Pe9anha (Vice-president),
1910 Marshal Hermes da Fonseca.
TABLE 127
LORDS LIEUTENANT, LORDS DEPUTY AND
LORDS JUSTICES OF IRELAND FROM 1485
(All Lords Lieutenant and Deputy are given, but not dates of renewal of office when
consecutive. Temporary deputies of Lords Deputy are not given. Some Justice*
holding office for very brief periods are omitted. )
Lords Lieutenant
Lords Deputy
Lords Justices
1485 Jasper (Tudor)
Gerald (Fitzgerald)
D. of Bedford
1492
1493
8th E. of Kildare
Walter FitzSimons
Abp. of Dublin
Rob. (Preston)
Lord Gormanstown
yj
William Preston
1494 P. Henry D. of York
Sir Edward Poynings
1495
Hy. Deane
Bp. of Bangor
1496-1513
E. of Kildare
1498 P. Henry
1503
Abp. FitzSimons
1513-20
Gerald 9th E. of Kil-
dare
1515
Wm. (Preston)
Lord Gormanstown
1520 Thomas (Howard) E. of
Surrey
1522
1524
Piers (Butler) E. of
Ormond (Ossory)
E. of Kildare
1527
Rich. (Nugent)
Lord Delvin
1528
Piers (Butler)
E. of Ossory
1529 Henry Fitzroy E. of
Richmond
1530
Sir William Skeffing-
ton
1532
E. of Kildare
1535
Lord Leonard Grey
1540
William (Brereton)
Lord Leighlin
TABLE 127 {continued^
Lords Lieutenant
Lords Deputy
Lords Justices
1540-7
Sir Anthony St Leger
1647
Sir Wm. Brabazon
1548
Sir Edw. Bellingham
1649
Sir Francis Bryant and
Sir Wm. Brabazon
1550
Sir A. St Leger
1551
Sir James Croft
1552
Sir Thomas Cusacke
and Sir Gerald Aylmer
1553-6
Sir A. St Leger
1556-60
Tlios. (Ratcliffe)
Lord Fitzwalter
(E. of Sussex)
1657-9
Sir Henry Sidney
acting Deputy during
Sussex' absence
1659-71
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam
6 times between 1559
and 1571
1560-2 E.
of Sussex
1561
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam
1564
Sir Nicholas Arnold
1565-7
Sir Henry Sidney
1568-71
}f }>
1572-5
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam
1575-8
Sir Henry Sidney
1678
Sir Wm. Drury
1679
Sir Wm. Pelham
1580
Arthur Lord Grey de
Wilton
Adam Loftus
Abp. of Dublin and
Sir Hy. Wallop
1584
Sir John Perrott
1688
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam
1594
Sir Wm. Russell
1697
Thomas Lord Burgh
Sir Thomas Norris
{died)
jAbp. Loftus
1697
h\T Rob. Gardiner and
(e. of Ormond
1699 Robert (Devereux)
Abp. Loftus and
E
of Essex
Sir Geo. Carey
1600
Charles (Blount)
Lord Mountjoy
1603 Lord
Mountjoy
Sir Geo. Carey
(E.
of Devonshire)
1604-16
Sir Arthur Chichester
1613
R. Wingfield
(Visct. Powerscourt)
and Thos. Jones
Abp. of Dublin
C. M. H
9
TABLE 127 {continued)e
Lord* Lieutenant
1616
1616
1622-9
1623
1629
1633-9
Lords Deputy
Sir Oliver St John
Henry (Carey) Visct.
Falkland
1639
1640
1641
1643
1644
1647
1648
1649
1660
E. of Strafford
Robert (Sidney)
E. of Leicester
absentee
James (Butler)
M. (D.)of Ormond
Philip (Sidney)
Lord Lisle
for Parliament
M. of Ormond
for the King
Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Visct. Went-
wortli (E. of
Strafford)
Chr. Wandesford
1661
1653
1655
1657-60 Henry Cromwell
1669
1660
M. of Clanricarde
for Ormond
Henry Ireton
for Cromwell
Major-Gen. Lambert
Commissioners
for Parliament
Lords Justices
Abp. Jones and
Sir John Denham
Adam (Loftus) Visct.
Ely and
Visct. Powerscourt
Visct. Ely and
Rich. (Boyle) E. of Cork
Visct. Ely and
Chr. Wandesford
Robert Lord Dillon and
Chr. Wandesford
Lord Dillon and
Sir Wm. Parsons
Sir J. Borlace and
Sir Hy. Tichborne
Commissioners
for the Army
[Major-Gen. Fleetwood
J Lieut. -Gen. Edmund
\ Ludlow and others
Henry Cromwell and
others
Edmund Ludlow
Major Bury
and others
R. Boyle
(E. of Orrery)
Sir C. Coote
Major Bury onrf others
Lords Lieutenant
Lords Deputy
1660
George (Moiick) D. of
John Lord Robarts
Albemarle absentee
absentee
1662
James (Butler)
1st D. of Ormond
1664
Thomas E. of Ossory
1666
D. of Ormond
1668
1669
John Lord Robarts
(E. of Radnor)
E. of Ossory
1670
John Lord Berkeley
of Stratton
TABLE 127 (continued)^
Lords Justices
E. of Orrery and others
1671
Michael Boyle Abp. of
Dublin and
Arthur (Forbes) Visct.
(E. of) Granard
1672-6
Arthur (Capel)
and 1676
E. of Essex
1676
Abp. Boyle and
E. of Granard
1677-«5
D. of Ormond
1682
Rich
E.
. (Butler)
of Arran
1684
Abp. Boyle and
E. of Granard
1686
Henry (Hyde)
E. of Clarendon
1686-9
Rich. (Talbot)
E. of Tyrconnel
\. 1687
Sir Alex. Fitton and
Wm. (Burke) E. of
] 1689
[K.James II in person}
Clanricarde
. 1690
[K. William III
in person]
Henry (Sidney) Visct.
Sidney
Sir Chas. Porter and
I 1692
Visct. Sidney
Thos. Coningsby
1693-^
Henry (Capel) Lord
1 1695
Capel and others
I'l 1696
Lord
Capol
A 1697
Sir C. Porter and others
IT« /J_ \/l 1
1701 Lawrence (Hyde)
E. of Rochester
1702
1702 {Access. o/Q. Anne)
(No more Lords Deputy
appointed)
Henry (de Massue de
Ruvigny, M. de Ru-
vigny), E. of Gal way
and others
/Narcissus Marsh Abp.
i of Dublin
(E. ofGalway and others
Abp. Marsh and others
Hugh (Montgomery)
E. of Mountalex-
ander and others
9—2
TABLE 127 {continued^
Lords Lieutenant
1703-7 James (Butler) 2nd D. of Ormond
1707 Thomas (Herbert) E. of Pembroke
1709 Thomas (Wharton) E. of Wharton
1710-13 D. of Ormond
1711, 1712, 1714
1713 Charles (Talbot) D. of Shrewsbury
1714
(Accession of George I)
1714 Charles (Spencer) E. of Sunderland
1715
1716 Charles (Townshend) Visct. Townshend
absentee
1717-9
1719 Charles (Paulet) D. of Bolton
1721 D. of Grafton
1722
1723-4
1724-31 John (Granville) Lord Carteret
(E. Granville)
172&-9
1731 Lionel (Sackville) D. of Dorset
1732-9
1737 Wm. (Cavendish) 3rd D. of Devonshire
1740
1742-6
1745 Philip (Stanhope) E. of Chesterfield
1747-64
1747 William (Stanhope) E. of Harrington
1761 D. of Dorset
1756 William (Cavendish) M. of Hartington
(D. of Devonshire)
1757 John (Russell) D. of Bedford
1761 George (Dunk) E. of Halifax
1763 Hugh (Smithson) E. of Northumber-
land
Lords Justices
Sir Richard Cox and others
Abp. Marsh of Armagh and Sir R . Cox
R. Freeman and R. Ingoldsby
Sir Constantino Phipps and others
Abp. Lindsay of Armagh, John Vesey
Abp. of Tuam, and Sir C. Phipps
Wm. King Abp. of Dublin, Abp.
Vesey, and E. of Kildare
Charles (Fitzroy) D. of Grafton and
E. of Galway
Abp. King, E. of Middleton, Speaker
ConoUy and Lord Brodrick (thrice)
Abp. King, Visct. Shannon, and
Speaker Conolly
E. of Middleton, Speaker Conolly,
and Visct. Shannon
Hugh Boulter Abp. of Armagh, Lord
Chancellor West, and Speaker
Conolly
Abp. Boulter, Thos. Lord Wyndham
and others, usually Speaker Boyle
and Robert Jocelyn (Lord New-
port)
Abp. Boulter and others
John Hoadly Abp. of Armagh and
others
George Stone Abp. of Armagh and
others; usually Lord Chancellor
Newport and Speaker Boyle or
Lord Bessborough
f
Lards Lieutenant
1764 Thomas (Thynne) Visct. Weymouth
absentee
1766 Francis (Seymour) E. of Hertford
1766
1767
1772
1777
1780
1782
1783
1784
1787
Wm. Geo. (Hervey) E. of Bristol
absentee
George (Townshend) Lord Townshend
Simon (Harcourt) Earl Harcourt
John (Hobart) E. of Buckinghamshire
Fredk. (Howard) E. of Carlisle
Wm. (Bentinck) D. of Portland
George (Grenville) Earl Temple
(M. of Buckingham)
Robert (Henley) E. of Northington
Charles (Manners) D. of Rutland
M. of Buckingham
1789
1790 John (Fane) E. of Westmorland
1795 William (Fitzwilliam) Earl Fitzwilliam
,, John (Jeffreys) Earl Camden
1798 Charles (Cornwallis) M. Cornwallis
TABLE 127 {continued)^
Lords Justices
Lord Chancellor Bowes and Speaker
Ponsonby
Richard Robinson Abp. of Armagh,
Lord Chancellor Lifford and others
Lord Chancellor Fitzgibbon and
Speaker John Foster (Lord Oriel)
Fitzgibbon and Foster
[After the Union of Great Britain and Ireland Lords Justices are of less
importance y the Lord Lieutenant being resident."]
1801 Philip (Yorke) E. of Hardwicke.
1805 Edward (Clive) E. of Powis absentee.
1806 John (Russell) D. of Bedford.
1807 Charles (Lennox) D. of Richmond.
1813 Charles Visct. (E.) Whitworth.
1817 Charles (Talbot) E. Talbot.
1821 [Aug. — Sept. George IV m joer^on.]
„ Richard (Wellesley) Marquis Wellesley.
1828 Henry (Paget) (E. of Oxbridge) M. of Anglesey.
1829 Hugh (Percy) D. of Northumberland.
1830 M. of Anglesey.
1833 M. Wellesley.
1834 Thomas (Baillie) E. of Haddington.
1836 Henry (Phipps) E. of Mulgrave (M. of Normanby).
1839 Hugh (Fortescue) Visct. Ebrington (Earl Fortescue).
1841 Thomas Philip (de Grey) E. de Grey.
1844 William (Holmes-A'Court) Lord Heytesbury.
1846 John (Ponsonby) E. of Bessborough.
1847 George (Villiers) E. of Clarendon.
1862 Archibald (Montgomerie) E. of Eglinton.
TABLE 127 {continued)^
Lords Lieutenant
1863 Edward Granville (Eliot) E. of St Germans.
1855 George (Howard) E. of Carlisle.
1858 E. of Eglinton.
1859 E. of Carlisle.
1864 John Lord Wodehouse (E. of Kimberley).
1866 James (Hamilton) M. of (D. of) Abercorn.
1868 John (Spencer) Earl Spencer.
1874 James (Hamilton) D. of Abercorn.
1876 John (Churchill) D. of Marlborough.
1880 Francis (Cowper) Earl Cowper.
1882 Earl Spencer.
1885 H. Howard Molyneux (Herbert) E. of Carnarvon.
1886 John (Campbell Hamilton-Gordon) E. of Aberdeen.
„ Charles (Vane-Tempest-Stewart) E. of Londonderry.
1889 Laurence (Dundas) E. of (M. of) Zetland.
1896 George (Cadogan) Earl Cadogan.
1902 William (Ward) E. of Dudley.
1905 E. of Aberdeen.
I
TABLE 128
INDIA
[Until 1862 t?ie dates given are those of assumption of government and of retirement ;
after 1862, of appointment. Deputies pro tern, are omitted.}
GOVERNORS OF BENGAL
1765 Robert Lord Clive.
1767 Henry Verelst.
1769 John Cartier.
GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF BENGAL AND OF INDIA 1773-1858
Governors-General of Bengal with supreme authority
1773-85 Warren Hastings.
1785-6 (Sir) John Macpherson.
1786-93 Charles E. (M.) Cornwallis.
1793-8 Sir John Shore (Lord Teignmouth).
1798-1805 Richard E. of Mornington (M. of Wellesley).
1805 Charles M. Cornwallis.
1805-7 Sir George Hilaro Barlow.
1807-13 George Lord (E. of) Minto.
1813-23 Francis E. of Moira (M. of Hastings).
1823-8 William Lord (E. of) Amherst.
1828-35 Lord Wm. Cavendish-Bentinck.
[1833 the Governors-General of Bengal become Governors-General of India.]
1835-6 Sir Charles Theophilus (Lord) Metcalfe.
1836-42 George (Eden) Lord (E. of) Auckland.
1842-4 Edward (Law) Lord (E. of) Ellenborough.
1844-8 Sir Henry (Visct.) Hardinge.
1848-56 James (Ramsay) E. (M.) of Dalhousie.
1856-62 Charles Visct. Canning.
[1858 the Governors-General become Viceroys and Governors-General.']
VICEROYS
1858 Visct, Canning as abow.
1862 James (Bruce) E. of Elgin and Kincardine.
1863 Sir John Lawrence (Lord Lawrence).
1868 Richard (Bourke) E. of Mayo.
1872 'fhomas Geo. (Baring) Lord (E. of) Northbrook.
1876 Edward (Bulwer-Lytton) Lord (E. of) Lytton.
1880 George (Robinson) M. of Ripon.
1884 Frederick (Temple Hamilton-Blackwood) E. of DuiFerin
(M. of Dufferin and Ava).
1888 Henry (Petty-Fitzmaurice) M. of Lansdowne.
1893 V. Alexander (Bruce) E. of Elgin and Kincardine.
1898 George (Curzon) Lord Curzon of Kedleston.
1905 Gilbert (Elliot) E. of Minto.
1910 Charles (Hardinge) Lord Hardinge of Penshurst.
TABLE 129
JAMAICA
[In this and the subsequent colonial lists the dates, be/ore the 19th century, are umally
those of assumption of office; the dates of appointments are often several months
earlier. The Deputy-Governors, Lieutenant-Governors and Presidents of the
Council holding office during the intervals between Governorships are not included
in this list.]
GOVERNORS AND ACTING GOVERNORS 1656-1904
1656 Colonel Edward D'Oyley.
1661-4 Thomas Hickman (Windsor) Lord Windsor absentee.
1662-4 Sir Charles Littleton or Lyttelton Acting Governor.
1664 Sir Thomas Modyford.
1674-8 Sir John Vaughan, styled Lord Vaughan (Earl of Carbery).
1678-81 Charles (Howard) E. of Carlisle.
1682 Sir Thomas Lynch.
1684 Sir Philip Howard.
1687-8 Christopher (Monck) D. of Albemarle Governor-General.
1690-2 William (O'Brien) 2nd E. of Inchiquin.
1701 Major-Gen. William Selwyn.
1702 Charles (Mordaunt) E. of Peterborough absentee.
Major-Gen. Thomas Handasyde Acting Governor.
1711 Lord Archibald Hamilton.
1714 Peter Heywood.
1716 Thomas Pitt absentee.
1718 Sir Nicholas Lawes.
1722-6 Henry (Bentinck) D. of Portland.
1727 Major-Gen. Robert Hunter.
1735 Henry Cunninghame.
1738-52 Edward Trelawney.
1752 Vice-Admiral (Sir) Charles Knowles.
1758 Brigadier-Gen. George Haidane.
1762 Wm. Henry Lyttelton (Lord Westcote).
1767 Capt. Sir Wm. Trelawney, R.N.
1773 Capt. Sir Basil Keith, R.N.
1777 Lt.-Gen. John Bailing.
1782 Major-Gen. Archibald Campbell.
1790 Thomas (Howard) E. of Effingham.
1794-1801 Alexander (Lindsay) 6th E. of Balcarres.
1801 Lt.-Gen. Sir George Nugent.
1806 Sir Eyre Coote.
1808 William (Montagu) D. of Manchester.
1809 Lt.-Gen. Edward Morrison.
1829 Somerset (Lowry-Corry) 2nd E. of Belmore.
1832 Sir Constantine Henry (Phipps) E. of Mulgrave (M. of Normanby).
1834 Home Peter (Browne) M. of Sligo.
1836 Major-Gen. Sir Lionel Smith.
1839 Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe.
TABLE 129 {continued^
1842 James (Bruce) 8th E. of Elgin (12th E. of Kincardine).
1847 Sir Charles Edward Grey.
1853 Sir Henry Barkly.
1857 (Sir) Charles Henry Darling.
1864 Edward John Eyre^ superseded Jan. 1866.
1866 Lt.-Gen. Sir Henry Storks temporary Gov.j Jan. 1866.
[1866 Constitution abrogated, Jamaica becomes a Crown Colony.]
1866 Sir John Peter Grant.
1874 Sir William Grey.
1877 Sir Anthony Musgrave ; Acting Governor Edward Newton 1878-80.
1883 Gen. Sir Henry Wylie Norman.
1889 Sir Henry Arthur Blake.
1898 Sir Augustus Hemming.
1904 Sir Sydney Haldaue Olivier Capt.-Gm. and Gov.-in-chief.
I
TABLE 130
NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES BEFORE 1776
(1) VIRGINIA
[1606-26 governed under the Virginia Company. Company's Charter
surrendered 1625.]
Governors and Lt. -governors under the Crown
1625 Sir John Harvey sent prisoner to England 1639, but restored.
1641 Sir William Berkeley /or the King.
Col. Diggesfor Parliament.
Mr Bennet and Mr Matthews /or Oliver Cromwell.
1660 Sir W. Berkeley restored.
1677 John Lord Culpeper appointed Governor for life 1677; visited
colony 1680 and 1682 ; deprived 1 683.
1683 Francis Lord Howard of Effingham.
1690-4 Sir Francis Nicholson Lt.-gov,
1692-8 Sir Edmund Andros.
1698-1704 Sir Francis Nicholson Lt.-gov.
1704 George (Hamilton) 1st E. of Orkney absentee.
Edward Notte Lt.-gov.
Brigadier-Gen. R. Hunter Lt.-gov.
1710 Alexander Spotswood Lt.-gov,
1723 Hugh Drysdale Lt.-gov.
1726 (Sir) Wm. Gooch Lt.-gov.
1737 William Anne (Keppel) 2nd E. of Albemarle.
1751-8 Robert Dinwiddie Lt.-gov.
1756 John (Campbell) 4th E. of Loudoun.
1759 Jeffrey (Lord) Amherst.
1768 Norborne (Berkeley) Lord Bottetourt.
1770 John (Murray) 4th E. of Dunmore.
(2) GOVERNORS OF NEW ENGLAND
[Massachusetts Bay also 1641-80 New Hampshire, ]
[1643 Confederation formed by Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut,
and New Haven."]
Elected by the colonists annually under the authority of the Massachusetts
Bay Company.
1630-5 John Winthrop.
1636 Sir Harry Vane the younger.
1637-40 John Winthrop.
Thomas Dudley Deputy,
1641 Richard Bellingham.
1642 John Winthrop.
1644 John Endicott.
1645 Thomas Dudley Deputy.
1646-9 John Winthrop (t 1649).
(John Winthrop the younger Assist, or Lt.-gov. 1634-5, 1640, 1645-9.)
1651-3 John Endicott
TABLE 130 {continued}!,
GOVERNORS OF NEW ENGLAND (continued)
1653-65 John Endicott (f 1665).
(John Winthrop the younger Gov. o/" Connecticut 1660-76.)
1665-71 Richard Bellingham (+ 1671).
1672 John Leveret.
1676 Simon Bradstreet.
[Charter revoked 1684.]
1685 Joseph Dudley Gov. of New England, temporarily pres. of provisional
Council.
Governors op Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire 1685-1740
1686-9 Sir Edmund Andros Governor of Massachusetts,
Plymouth, New Hampshire and Maine.
Joseph Dudley Lt.-gov.
1691 Sir William Phipps (t 1691) also Gov. o/ Maine.
William Stoughton Lt.-gov.
Richard (Coote) E. of Bellomont, also Gov. of Maine.
W. Stoughton Lt.-gov.
1702 Joseph Dudley.
1715 Col. Elisha Burgess.
Wm. Taylor Lt.-gov. •
1716 Col. Samuel Shute.
Jeremiah Dummer Lt.-gov.
1728 William Burnett (t 1729).
1729 Andrew Belcher.
Governors op Massachusetts Bay
1741 William Shirley.
1757 Thomas Pownall.
1759 (Sir) Francis Barnard.
1770 Thomas Hutchinson.
1774 Gen. Thomas Gage.
Governors op New Hampshire
1740 Benning Wentworth.
1776 John Wentworth.
(3) GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK
[1664-88 Lieutenant-governors under James D. of York (James IT);
Governors from 1688.]
1664 Richard Nicolls.
1668 Francis Lovelace.
1674 Edmund Andros, recalled 1680.
1682 Brockhurst.
1683 Thomas Dongan.
1688 Sir Edmund Andros Governor, and of the Jerseys, dep. 1689.
Francis Nicholson Lt.-gov,
TABLE 130 {continued)^
GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK (continued)
[1689 Jacob Leisler assumed government.]
1691 Col. Henry Sloughter (t 1692).
1692 Benjamin Fletcher.
1696 Col. W. Sloughter Lt.-gov.
Col. Joseph Dudley Lt.-gov.
1698 Richard (Coote) E. of Bellomont (t 1701).
1701 Edward (Hyde) Visct. Cornbury (E. of Clarendon).
1708 John Lord Lovelace (t 1709).
Col. Ingoldsby Lt.-gov.
1710 Col. Robert Hunter.
1720 William Burnett.
1728 John Montgomery.
1732 William Cosby.
1736 Major-Gen. Richard Tyrel.
George Clarke Lt.-gov.
1741 George Cleriton.
1753 Sir Danvers Osborne.
1755 Sir Charles Hardy.
1761 Robert Monkton Lt.-gov.
1765 iir Henry Moore.
1769 John (Murray) 4th E. of Dunmore.
1770 William Tryon Lt.-gov.
1779 James Robertson Lt.-gov.
Governors op New Jersey
[East and West New Jersey united to form a royal colony, 1702.
1702-36 ruled by Governors of New York.'\
1736 Lewis Morris (t 1746).
1747 Andrew Belcher.
1758 (Sir) Francis Bernard.
1759 Thomas Boon.
1761 Josiah Hardy.
1762 William Franklin.
(4) GOVERNORS OF CAROLINA
[1663-1728 governed under the Carolina Company. Company's Charter surrendered
1728 (except by Earl Grenville proprietor of one-eighth share).]
Governors under the Crown
1728 Francis Nicholson.
1729 Robert Johnson.
Governors of South Carolina
1730 Robert Johnson.
1735 Thomas Broughton.
1736 Charles Craven.
1739 James Glen.
TABLE 130 {continued)^
Governors op South Carolina (continued)
1755 Wm. Henry Lyttelton (Lord Westcote).
1759 Thomas Pownall,
1761 Thomas Boon.
1766 Lord Charles Greville Montagu.
1777 Capt. Lord W. Campbell, R.N.
Governors op North Carolina
1730 George Barrington.
1733 Gabriel Jonson.
1743 Arthur Dobbs.
1765 William Tryon.
1770 Josias Martin.
(5) GOVERNORS OF GEORGIA
1734 James Oglethorpe.
1746 John Reynolds.
1758 Henry Ellis.
1761 Sir James Wright.
(6) GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND
[Till 1691 under the proprietors, the Lords Baltimore, with the approval of the Croum.]
1637 Leonard Calvert Lt.-gov.
1647 Thomas Green Lt.-gov,
1649 William Stone Lt.-gov.
1658 Jonah Fendale.
1660 Philip Calvert.
1662 Charles Calvert (3rd Lord Baltimore).
1678 Thomas Notley Lt.-gov.
1681 Charles Calvert (3rd Lord Baltimore).
[1691 Maryland declared a royal province.]
Governors under the Crown 1692-1714
1692 Lionel Copley.
1694 Francis Nicolson or Nicholson.
1699 Nathaniel Blakiston.
1703 Thomas Finch President.
1704 John Seymour Governor.
Edward Lloyd President.
1714 John Hart Governor.
Governors under Lord Baltimore as Proprietary 1720-76
1720 Charles Calvert.
1727 Benedict Leonard Calvert.
1733 Charles (Calvert) 5th Lord Baltimore.
1737 Samuel Ogle Governor.
1742 Thomas Bladen Governor.
1747 S. Ogle.
1751 Benjamin Tasker President.
1753 Horatio Sharp Governor.
1769 (Sir) Robert Eden.
TABLE 130 (continued)^
(7) PROPRIETORS, GOVERNORS, ETC. OF PENNSYLVANIA
1682 William Penn Proprietor.
1684 Thomas Lloyd President of Council,
1688 Jolm Blackwell Lt.-gov.
1690-3 Government by President and Council.
1693 Ben. Fletcher Governor.
J, William Markham Lt.-gov.
1699 William Penn Proprietor and Governor.
1701 Andrew Hamilton Lt.-gov.
1703 Government by President and Council,
1704 John Evans Lt.-gov.
1709 Charles Godkin Lt.-gov.
1717 Sir Wm. Keith Lt.-gov.
1726 Patrick Gordon Lt.-gov.
1736 Theo. Thomas Lt.-gov.
1747 Anthony Palmer President.
1748 James Hamilton Lt.-gov.
1754 Robert Hunter Morris Lt.-gov,
1766 William Denny Lt.-gov.
1769 James Hamilton Lt.-gov.
1763-70 John Penn Lt.-gov.
1771 James Hamilton President.
1771-7 Richard Penn Lt.-gov.
TABLE 131
CANADA
GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL
1763-6 Lt.-Gen. James Murray Governor q/* Canada {Governor o/" Quebec 1760).
1767-70 Major-Gen. Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), Governor (>/* Quebec {Acting
Governor).
1770-5 President Hector C. Cramabe {Acting Governor).
1776-8 Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) Governor-general.
1778-85 Lt.-Gen. Sir Frederick Haldimand Governor, Commander-in-chief.
1786-96 Guy (Carleton) Lord Dorchester Governor-general.
[1791-3 Lt.-Gov. Major-Gen. Alured Clarke Governor of
Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec).]
GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF UPPER AND LOWER CANADA
1796-9 Gen. Robert Prescott.
1799 Sir Robert Shore Milnes.
1807 Gen. Sir James Henry Craig.
1811 Gen. Sir George Prevost.
1814 Major-Gen. Sir Gordon Drummond.
1816 Gen. Sir John C. Sherbrooke {Governor o/Nova Scotia 1812-6).
1818 Charles (Lennox) D. of Richmond.
1819 George (Ramsay) E. of Dalhousie {Governor of Nova Scotia from 1816)
Captain-general and Governor-in-chief.
1828 Lt.-Gen. Sir James Kempt Governor-general {Governor of Nova Scotia
1820-8).
[Lt.-Gen. Sir John Colborne Lieutenant-Governor of Upper
Canada 1828-35.]
1830 Gen. Lord Aylmer.
1836 Archibald (Acheson) E. of Gosford.
GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES
1838 John George (Lambton) E. of Durham High Commissioner and Governor-
general.
1839 Charles Edward Poulett Thomson (Visct. Sydenham).
1841 Sir Charles Bagot.
1843 Sir Charles Theophilus (Lord) Metcalfe.
1846 Charles Murray (Cathcart) 2nd E. of Cathcart and Commander-in-chief.
1847 James E. of Elgin and Kincardine.
1854 Sir Edmund Walker Head.
1861 Charles Stanley (Monck) Visct. Monck.
TABLE 131 {continued^
GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA
1867 Visct. Monck.
1869 Sir John Young (Lord Lisgar).
1872 Frederick (Temple Hamilton-Blackwood) E. of Dufferin
(M. of Dufferin and Ava).
1878 John (Campbell) M. of Lome (D. of Argyll).
1883 Henry Charles Keith (Petty-Fitzmaurice) M. of Lansdowne.
1888 Frederick Arthur Lord Stanley of Preston.
1893 John Campbell (Hamilton-Gordon) E. of Aberdeen.
1898 Gilbert (Elliot) E. of Minto.
1904 Albert Henry George (Grey) Earl Grey.
1911 Arthur D. of Connaught.
Prime Ministers.
Sir John Macdonald, 1867-73.
Alexander Mackenzie, 1873-8.
Sir John Macdonald, 1878-91.
Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, 1891-2.
Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, 1892-4.
Sir Mackenzie Bowell, 1894-6.
Sir Charles Tupper, 1896.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 1896.
TABLE 132
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
(1) GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH {established 1901)
1901 John Adrian Louis (Hope) E. of Hopetoun (M. of Linlithgow).
1902 Hallam (Tennyson) Lord Tennyson.
1904 Henry Stafford (Northcote) Lord Northcote.
1908 WiUiam H. (Ward) E. of Dudley.
Prime Ministers.
Sir Edmund Barton, 1901-3.
Alfred Deakin, 1903-4.
George Houstoun Reid, 1904-5.
Alfred Deakin, 1905-8.
Andrew Fisher, 1908.
(2) GOVERNORS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FROM 1856
[1788-92 Capt. Arthur VhiWv^ first Governor. '\
1855 Sir William Thomas Denison.
1861 Sir John Young (Lord Lisgar).
1868 Somerset (Lowry-Corry) 4th Earl of Belmore.
1872 Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson.
1885 Charles Robert (Wynn-Carrington) Lord (E. of) Carrington.
1891 Sir Robert Duff.
1895 Henry (Brand) Yisct. Hampden.
1899 William (Lygon) Earl Beauchamp.
1902 Admiral Sir Harry Rawson.
1909 Frederic John Napier (Thesiger) Lord Chelmsford.
(3) GOVERNORS OF VICTORIA FROM 1851
[Victoria created a separate colony in July, 1851; responsible government
established 1854.]
1851 Charles Joseph La Trobe Lt.-gov.
1864 Capt. Sir Charles Hotham Lt.-gov., 1865 Governor.
1856 Sir Henry Barkly.
1864 Sir Charles Henry Darling.
1866 Sir John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton (Visct. Canterbury).
1873 Sir George Ferguson Bowen.
1879 George Augustus Constantino (Phipps) 2nd M. of Normanby.
1884 Sir Henry Brougham Loch.
1889 John Adrian Louis (Hope) 7th E. of Hopetoun.
1895 Thomas Lord Brassey.
1901 Sir George Sydenham Clarke.
1904 Sir Reginald Talbot.
1908 Sir Thomas David Gibson Carmichael.
C. M. H. 10
TABLE 132 {continued)^
(4) GOVERNORS OF QUEENSLAND FROM 1869
1859 Sir George Ferguson Bowen.
1868 Col. Samuel Wensley Blackall.
1871 George A. C. (Phipps) 2nd M. of Normanby.
1875 William Wellington Cairns.
1877 Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy.
1883 Sir Anthony Musgrave.
1889 Gen. Sir Henry Wylie Norman.
1896 Charles W. A. N. (Cochrane-Baillie) Lord Lamington.
1901 Sir Samuel Walker Griffith.
1902 Major-Gen. Sir Herbert Charles Chermside.
1905 Frederic J. N. (Thesiger) Lord Chelmsford.
1909
(5) GOVERNORS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA FROM 1856
1855 Sir Richard Graves MacDonnelL
1862 Sir Dominick Daly.
1869 Sir James Fergusson.
1873 Sir Anthony Musgrave.
1877 Sir William W. Cairns.
Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois.
1883 Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson.
1889 Algernon H. T. (Keith-Falconer) E. of Kintore.
1895 Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton.
1899 Hallam (Tennyson) Lord Tennyson.
1903 Sir George Ruthven Le Hunte.
1908 Admiral Sir Day Hort Bosanquet.
[Sir Samuel James Way Administrator 9 times, 1877-1902.]
(6) GOVERNORS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA FROM 1869
[1829-69 governed by Lt. -governors under the Colonial Office.]
(The dates in this list are those of appointment.)
1869 Frederick Aloysius Weld.
1874 W. C. F. Robinson.
1877 Major-Gen. Sir Harry St George Ord.
1880 Sir W. C. F. Robinson.
1883 Sir Frederick Napier Broome.
1890 Sir W. C. F. Robinson.
1895 Col. Sir Gerard Smith.
1901 Sir Arthur Lawley.
1903 Admiral Sir Frederick George Denham Bedford.
1909 Sir Gerald Strickland.
TABLE 132 {continued).
I
(7) GOVERNORS OF NEW ZEALAND FROM 1840
1840 Capt. W. Hobson.
1843 Capt. Robert Fitzroy.
1845 Sir George Grey.
1855 CoL Sir Thomas Gore Browne.
1861 Sir George Grey.
1868 Sir George Ferguson Bowen.
1873 Sir James Fergusson.
1874 George A. C. (Phipps) 2nd M. of Normanby.
1879 Sir Hercules G. R. Robinson.
1880 Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon.
1883 Lieut. -Gen. Sir W. F. D. Jervois.
1889 William Hillier (Onslow) 4th E. of Onslow, res. 1891.
1892 David (Boyle) 7th E. of Glasgow.
1897 Uchter John Mark (Knox) 5th E. of Ranfurly.
1904 William Lee (Plunket) 5th Lord Plunket, Gov. and
Commander-in-chief.
1910 John Poynder (Dickson-Poynder), Lord Islington.
(8) GOVERNORS OF TASMANIA FROM 1856
1855 Sir Henry Edward Fox Young.
1861 Col. Sir T. Gore Browne.
1869 Sir Charles Du Cane.
1875 Frederick A. Weld.
1881 Maj. Sir George Cumine Strahan.
1886 Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton.
1893 Jenico W. J. (Preston) 14th Visct. Gormanston.
1900 Sir Arthur Havelock.
1904 Sir Gerald Strickland.
1909 Major-Gen. Sir Harry Barron.
10—2
TABLE 133
SOUTH AFRICA
{Deputy or Acting Governors omitted.)
(1) GOVERNORS OF CAPE COLONY 1796—1906
1796 Gen. James Henry Craig.
1797 George (Macartney) Earl Macartney.
1799 Sir George Yonge.
1803 Jan Willem Jansens {under the Batavian Republic),
1806 Sir David Baird.
1807 Du Pre' (Alexander) E. of Caledon.
1811 Sir John Francis Cradock.
1814 Lord Charles Henry Somerset.
1828 Hon. Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole.
1834 Sir Benjamin D' Urban.
1838 Sir Geo. Thos. Napier.
1843 Sir Peregrine Maitland.
1847 Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Pottinger.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith.
1862 Lieut. -Gen. George Cathcart.
1864 Sir George Grey, recalled 1869, restored 1860.
1861 Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse.
1870 Sir Henry Barkly.
1877 Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere.
1881 Sir Hercules G. R. Robinson (Lord Rosmead).
1889 Sir Henry Brougham Loch.
1895 Sir Hercules Robinson.
1897 Sir Alfred Milner (Visct. Milner).
1901 Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson.
(2) LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS OF NATAL
[Natal was erected into a separate colony in 1866.]
Lieutenant-Governors
1866 John Scott.
1864 John Maclean.
1867 Robert William Keate.
1872 Anthony Musgrave.
1873 Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine.
1876 Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer.
TABLE 138 {continued^
NATAL {continued)
Governors
1879 Gen. Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley (Visct. Wolseley).
1880 Maj.-Gen. Sir George Pomeroy CoUey.
1882 Sir Henry E. G. Bulwer.
1886 Sir Arthur Elihank Havelock.
1889 Lieut. -Col. Sir Charles Mitchell.
1893 Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson.
1901 Sir Henry Edward McCallum.
1907 Sir Matthew Nathan.
(3) SOUTH AFRICA, HIGH COMMISSIONERS
1900 Visct. Milner.
1905-10 Wm. Waldegrave (Palmer) 2nd E. of Selborne.
(4) SOUTH AFRICAN CONFEDERATION
Governor-General
1910 Herbert (Gladstone) Visct. Gladstone.
TABLE 134
EGYPT AND THE SUDAN
L AGENTS AND CONSULS-GENERAL IN EGYPT
1883 Evelyn (Baring) Visct. (E. of) Cromer.
1907 Sir Eldon Gorst.
II. GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF THE SUDAN PROVINCES
AND SIRDARS OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMY
1896 Horatio Herbert (Kitchener) Visct. Kitchener.
1899 Sir Francis Reginald Wingate.
TABLE 136
THE NETHERLANDS
GOVERNORS OF THE NETHERLANDS
1477 C. Adolphus of Cleves-Ravenstein.
1485-6 C. Engelbert II of Nassau-Breda.
1486-94 Albert D. of Saxony.
1506-7 William of Croy M. of Aerschot.
1507-30 Margaret of Austria, Dss. of Savoy.
1531-55 Mary of Austria, Q. of Hungary.
1556-9 Emmanuel Philibert, D. of Savoy.
1559-67 Margaret of Austria, Dss. of Parma.
1567-73 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1573-6 Luis de Requesens y Zuniga.
1576-8 Don John of Amtria.
1678 Alexander Farnese, D. of Pai-ma.
GOVERNORS OF THE SOUTHERN (SPANISH) NETHERLANDS
1581-92 Alexander Farnese, D. of Parma.
1692-4 C. Peter Ernest of Mansfeld.
1594-6 Archd. Ernest of Austria.
1596-6 Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, C. of Fuentes.
1696-1633 Archd. Albert of Austria (t 1621) and Clara Isabella Eugenia,
Infanta {dau. of Philip II, t 1633).
1633-4 Ferdinand, Card. Infant.
1641-4 Francisco de Mello, M. of Terceira.
1644-7 Emmanuel de Moura Cortereal, M. of Castel llodrigo.
1647-56 Archd. Leopold William of Austria.
1666-9 Don Juan of Austria.
1659-64 Louis de Benavides Carillo, M. of Fromiata.
1664-8 Francisco de Moura Cortereal, M. of Castel Rodrigo.
1668-70 Inigo Fernandez de Velasco, D. of Feria.
1670-5 Juan Domingo de Zuniga y Fonseca.
1675-7 Carlos de Gurrea, D. of Villahermosa.
1678-82 P. Alexander Farnese.
1682-5 Otto Henry, M. of Caretto.
1686-92 Fr. Antonio de Agurto, M. of Castagna.
1692-1706 Maximilian II, El. of Bavaria (deputy 1701-4, M. of Bedmar).
[1706-14 the Southern Netherlands under joint rule of England and the Allies.ll
GOVERNORS OF THE AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS
1716-24 P. Eugene Francis of Savoy.
1724-41 Archdss. Maria Elizabeth (dau. of Leopold I).
1741-4 C. Frederick Augustus von Harrach-Rohran.
1744-80 Archdss. Maria Anna {dau. of Charles VI, t 1744) and Prince
Charles Alexander of Lorraine.
1781-93 Archdss. Maria Christina {dau. of Francis I) and Albert, D. of Saxe-
Teschen.
1793-4 Archd. Charles Lewis.
TABLE 136
HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA
PALATINES (FROM MATTHIAS CORVINUS)
1458-81 Michael Orsagh of Guth.
1482-4 Vacancy. Urban Doczy, Bp. of Erlau, Commissioner.
[Palatines elected from 1485 for life by the Diet ; Commissioners appointed
by the Somreign.]
1485-7 Emeric Zapdlya.
1488-91 Vacancy. Bp. Doczy, Commissioner.
1492-9 Stephen Zapdlya.
1600-3 Peter Gereb of Wyngarth.
1604-19 Emeric Perenyi.
1519-26 Stephen Bathory, dep.
1525-6 Stephen Verbdczy.
[Stephen Bathory, 1526 (+ 1531), for Ferdinand I.
1626-33 Vacancy. Rivals \ Michael Kesserew, 1526-9, and
I John Banffy, 1530-2, for John Zapdlya.
1534 Alexius Thurso, Judex Curiae^ Commissioner.
1635-63 Vacancy.
1554-62 Thomas Nadasdy.
1562-1608 Vacancy. Alexius Thurso and several ecclesiastics, Commissioners.
1608-9 Stephen Illeshazy.
1609-16 George Thurso.
1617-21 Sigismund Forgaca.
1622-5 Stanislaus Thurso.
1625-45 C. Nicholas Esterhazy.
1646-8 C. John Drasko\ ich.
1649-55 Paul Palffy.
1655-67 Francis Vesselenyi of Hadad.
1668-80 Vacancy.
1681-1713 C. Paul Esterhazy.
1714-32 C. Nicholas Palffy.
1732-41 Vacancy. Francis D. of Lorraine, Regent.
1741-51 C. John Palffy.
1761-61 C. Ludwig Ernest Batthyany.
1762-89 Vacancy.
1790-5 Archd. Leopold.
1796-1847 Archd. Joseph.
1847-8 Archd. Stephen {son of Archd. Joseph), t 1867.
[Office of Palatine abolished 1867.]
TABLE 136 {continued)^,
PRINCES OF TRANSYLVANIA
1526-40
John I Zapdlya (Anti-K. of Hungary).
1640-71
John II Sigismund Zapdlya.
1671-6
Stephen I Bathory (K. of Poland, 1576).
1676-81
Christopher Bathory, Regent.
1581-98
Sigismund II Bathory.
1598-9
Andrew Bathory.
1600-4
Emp. Rudolf II.
Rival, Sigismund Bathory, 1601-2.
Claimant, Mozes Sze'khely, 1603.
Imperial Deputy, George Basta, 1602-4.
1604-6
Stephen II Boczrai.
1607-8
Sigismund III Rakoczy, abd.
1608-13
Gahriel Bathory, murd.
1613-29
Gahriel Bethlen (Bethlen Gabor).
1629
Catharine of Brandenburg.
Rival, Stephen Bethlen.
1630-48
George I Rakdczy.
1648-60
George II Rakoczy.
1658-61, Claimants, Francis Rhedey,
Achatius Barczai.
1661-3
John Kemenyi.
1663-90
Michael I ApaflFy.
1690-1
Michael II Apaffy.
Claimant, Emeric Tokolyi
1691
Emp. Leopold I, recognised 1694.
[Transylvania was united to Hungary until 1526, independent 1526-1691,
dependent on Austria 1691-1713, created a grand duchy 1764.]
TABLE 137
GOVERNORS OF MILAN
(IMPERIAL, SPANISH AND AUSTRIAN)
(Some Governors who were in office for quite short periods are omitted.)
1538-46 Alfonso d'Avalos, M. del Vasto.
1646-56 Ferraiite Gonzaga, P. of Molfetta.
1555-6 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1566-8 Card. Cristofero Madruzzo.
1558-60 Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, D. of Sessa.
1560-3 Francisco Fernando d'Avalos, M. of Pescara.
1563-4 Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, D. of Sessa.
1564-71 Gabriel de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
1572-3 Luis de Requesens.
1573-80 Antonio de Guzman, M. of Ayamonte.
1580-3 Sancho de Guevara y Padilla.
1583-92 Carlos de Aragona, P. of Castelvetrano.
1592-5 Fernando de Velasco.
1595-1600 Pedro de Padilla.
1600-10 Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, C. of Fuentes.
1610-12 Fernando de Velasco.
1612-14 Juan de Mendoza, M. de la Hinyosa.
1614-16 Sancho de Luna.
1616-18 Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, M. of Francavila.
1618-25 Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Cordoba, D. of Feria.
1626-9 Gonzalez Fernandez de Cordoba.
1629-30 Ambrogio, M. of Spinola.
1630-1 Alvaro de Bazan, M. of Santa Cruz.
1631-3 Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Cdrdoba, D. of Feria.
1633-4 Card. Fernando, Infant of Spain.
1634-5 Card. Gil Albornoz.
1635-41 Diego Felipe de Guzman, M. of Leganes.
1641-3 Juan de Velasco, C. of Sirvela.
1643-6 Antonio Sancho Davila, M. of Velada.
1646-7 Bernardino Fernando de Velasco, C. of Haro,
1647-8 Inigo Fernando de Velasco, C. of Haro.
1648-56 Louis de Benavides, M. of Caracena.
1666-60 Alonzo Perez de Vivero, C. of Fuensaldagna.
1660-2 Francesco Gaetani, D. of Sermoneta.
1662-8 Louis de Guzman Ponce de Leon.
1668-70 Paolo Spinola, M. of los Balbases.
1670-4 Gaspar Tellez Giron, D. of Osuna.
1674-8 Claude Lamoral, P. of Ligne.
1678-86 Juan T. Henriquez de Cabrera, C. of Melgar.
TABLE 137 (continued^
1686-91 Antonio Lopez de Ayala Velasco y Cardenas^ C. of Fuensalida.
1691-8 Diego Felipe de Guzman, M. of Leganes.
1698-1706 P. Charles Henry of Lorraine- Vaudemont.
1706-17 P. Eugene of Savoy.
1717-9 P. Maximilian Charles of Loewenstein.
1719-25 C. Girolamo Colloredo.
1725-36 C. Wirich Philip von Daun.
1736-43 C. Otto Ferdinand von Traun.
1743-5 P. George Christian von Lobkowitz.
1745-7 Gian Luca Pellavicini.
1747-50 C. Ferdinand Bonaventura von Harrach.
1750-4 Gian Luca Pellavicini.
1754-71 Francesco III, D. of Modena.
1771-96 Archd. Ferdinand of Austria.
Plenipotentiaries
1764-8 C. Beltrame Cristiani.
1758-82 C. Charles Firmian.
1782-92 C. Joseph Wilczek.
TABLE 138
VICEROYS OF NAPLES AND SICILY
A. SPANISH VICEROYS OF NAPLES 1604-1734
[Naples, with Sicily, united to the Crown of Spain from 1503 tUl 1713 (1707); 1714
transferred to Austria ; from 1735 to 1860, loith Sicily, as kingdom of the Two
Sicilies, under Spanish (Bourbon) younger line (but from 1806 to 1815 Naple* under
French rule); 1860 became part of kingdom of Italy.]
(Temporary Governors for short periods omitted,)
1504-7 Gonsalvo de Cordoba.
1507-9 Juan de Aragona, C. of Repacorsa.
1509-22 Ramdn de Cardona.
1522-4 Charles de Lanuoy.
1524-6 Andrea CarafFa, C. of S. Severina.
1527-9 Hugo de Moncada.
1529-30 Philibert, P. of Orange.
1530-2 Pompeo Colonna.
1532-53 Pedro de Toledo, M. of Villafranca.
1553-5 Card. Pedro Pacheco de Villena.
1555 Bernardino de Mendoza.
1555-8 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1558 Juan Manriquez de Lara.
„ Card. Bartolome de la Cueva d'Alburquerque.
1558-71 Perefan de la Ribera, D. of Alcala.
1571-5 Antonio Perrenot, Card, de Granvelle.
1575-9 Ifiigo Lopez Hurtado de Mendoza, M. of Mondejar.
1579-82 Juan de Zuniga, P. of Pietrapersa.
1582-6 Pedro Giron, D. of Osuna.
1586-95 Juan de Zuniga, C. of Miranda.
1595-9 Enrique de Guzman.
1599-1603 Fernando Ruiz de Castro, C. of Lemos.
160.3-10 Juan Alfonso Pimentel d'Errera, C. of Benevento.
1610-6 Pedro Fernandez de Castro, C. of Lemos.
1616-20 Pedro Giron, D. of Osuna.
1620-2 Card. Antonio Zapata.
1622-9 Antonio Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1629-31 Fernando de Ribera, D. of Alcala.
1631-7 Manuel de Guzman, C. of Monterey.
1637-44 Ramiro de Guzman, D. of Medina de las Torres.
1644-6 Juan Alfonso Henriquez.
1646-8 Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, D. of Arcos.
1648 Don Juan of Austria.
1648-53 Inigo Velez de Guevara, C. of Onate.
1653-9 Garcia de Avellaneda y Haro, C. of Castrillo.
1659-64 Caspar de Bracamonte, C. of Penaranda.
TABLE 138 (continued^
1664-5 Card. Pasquale of Ara^on.
1665-71 Pedro Antonio de Arag-ona.
1672-5 Antonio Alvarez, M. of Astorga.
1675-83 Fernando Joaquin Fajardo, M. of Los Veles.
1683-7 Gaspar de Haro, M. del Carpio.
1687-95 Francisco Benavides, C. of Santisteban.
1695-1702 Luis de la Cerda, D. of Medina Celi.
1702-7 Juan Manuel Fernandez Pacheco de Acuiia, D. of Escalona and
M. of Villena.
Imperial Viceroys
1707 C. George Adam von Martinitz.
1707-8 Wirich Philip Lorenz, C. Daun, P. of Thiano.
1708-10 Card. Vincenzo Grimani.
1710-3 Carlo Borromeo, C. of Arona.
1713-9 W. P. L., C. Daun, P. of Thiano.
1719 C. John Wenzel Gallas.
1719-21 Wolfgang Hannibal von Schrattenbach, Abp. of Olmiitz.
1721-2 Marcantonio, P. Borghese.
1722-8 Card. Michael Frederick von Althann.
1728-33 C. Aloys Thomas Raymond Harrach.
1733-4 Giulio de' Visconti,
B. SPANISH VICEROYS OF SICILY FROM 1507
[Sicily 1409 united with the Grovm of Aragon (1512 of Spain) ; 1713 transferred,
as kingdom, to Savoy; 1720 tcr Austria.]
{Temporary Governors for short periods omitted.)
1507-9 Ramon de Cardona.
1509-16 Ugo de Moncada.
1617-34 Ettore Pignatelli, C. of Monteleon.
1535-46 Ferdinando de Gonzaga, D. of Guastalla.
1547-57 Juan de Vega.
1557-65 Juan de la Cerda, D. of Medina Celi.
1565-7 Garcia de Toledo.
1666-7 Carlos de Aragona, D. of Terranova.
1568-71 Francisco Fernando d'Avalos, M. of Pescara.
1571-7 Carlos de Aragona, P. of Castelvetrano, Presidente del regno.
1577-84 Marcantonio Colonna, D. of Tagliacozzo.
1585-91 Diego Henriquez de Guzman, C. of Alva de Liste.
1692-6 Henrique de Guzman, C. of Olivares.
1695-8 Giovanni Ventimiglia, M. of Gerace, Presidente del regno.
1698-1601 Bernardino de Cardines, D. of Macqueda.
1602-6 Lorenzo Suarez de Figueroa, D. of Feria.
TABLE 138 (continued)^
1607-10 Juan Fernandez Pacheco, M. of Villena and D. of Escalona.
1611-16 Pedro Gir6n, D. of Osiina.
1616-22 Francisco de Lemos, C. of Castro.
1622-4 Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, P. of Oueglia.
1625-7 Antonio Pimentel, M. of Tavora.
1627-32 Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
1632-6 Fernando de Ribera, D. of Alcala, Luogotenente and Cap.-gen.
1635-9 Luis de Moncada, P. of Paterno and D. of Montalto^
Presidente del regno.
1639-41 Francisco de Mello de Braganza, C. of Assumar.
1641-4 Alfonso Henriquez de Caprera_, C. of Modica.
1644-7 Pedro Fajardo de Zuniga y Requesens_, M. of Los Veles.
1649-51 Don Juan of Austria.
1651-5 Rodrigo de Mendoza Roxas y Sandoval, D. of Infantado.
1655-6 Juan Tellez Giron, D. of Osuna.
1657-60 Pietro Rubeo, Abp. of Palermo, Presidente del regno.
1660-3 Fernando de Ayala, C. of Ayala.
1663-7 Francesco Gaetano Romano, D. of Sermoneta.
1667-70 Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
1670-4 Claude Lamoral, P. of Ligiie.
1674-6 Fadrique de Toledo, M. of Villafranca.
1676 Angelo de Guzman, M. of Castel Rodrigo.
1677-8 Card. Luis Fernandez de Portocarrero, Abp. of Toledo.
1678 Vincenzo da Gonzaga, P. of the Empire.
1679-87 Francisco Bonavides, C. of San Stefano.
1687-96 Juan Francisco Paclieco, D. of U9eda.
1696-1701 Pedro Colon, D. of Veragua.
1701-2 Juan Manuel Fernandez Pacheco de Acuna, D. of
Escalona and M. of Villena.
1702-5 Card. Francisco del Giudice.
1705-7 Isidor de la Cueva y Benavides, M. of Bedmar.
1707-13 Carlo Spinola, M. of Los Balbases.
Viceroys of Victor Amadeus II, D. of Savoy, K. of Sicily
1714-8 C. Annibale Maffei.
1718 Giovanni Francesco di Bette, M. of Lede.
Austrian Viceroys
1720-2 Niccolo Pigiiatella, D. of Monteleon.
1722-8 Fra Joaquin Fernandez Portocarrero, M. of Almenara.
1728-34 Cristobal Fernando de Cordoba, C. of Sagasta.
TABLE 139
Henry VII
1485-1509
Henry VIII
1609-47
CHIEF MINISTERS IN ENGLAND (FROM HENRY VII)
Sovereigns
Card. Morton (Abp. of Canterbury), Lord Chancellor
1487-1500.
Richard Fox, Bp. of Winchester, Sec. of State and Lord
Privy Seal 1485-1516.
Thomas E. of Surrey (1514 D. of Norfolk), Lord High
Treasurer 1501-22.
Card. Wolsey, Abp. of York, Lord Chancellor 1515-29.
Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor 1529-32.
Thomas Cromwell, E. of Essex, Sec. of State 1534, Vicar-
General 1535, Lord Privy Seal 1536-40.
Sir Thomas Wriothesley (E. of Southampton), Lord Chan-
cellor 1544-7.
Edward Seymour, D. of Somerset, Protector 1547-9.
John Dudley, D. of Northumberland, 1550-3.
Stephen Gardiner, Bp. of Winchester, Lord Chancellor
1553-6.
William Lord Paget, Lord Privy Seal 1556-8.
Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Sec. of State 1558, Lord
High Treasurer 1572-98.
Sir Robert Cecil, Sec. of State 1596-1603.
Sir Robert Cecil, E. of Salisbury, Secretary 1603-8, Lord
High Treasurer 1608-12.
George Villiers, D. of Buckingham, Master of the Horse
1616, Lord High Admiral 1619.
D. of Buckingham, 1625-8.
Sir Thomas Wentworth, E. of Strafford, Pres. of the Council
of the North 1628-33, Lord Deputy of Ireland 1633-41.
[Commonwealth 1649] John Bradshaw, Pres. of the Council of State
[Protectorate 1653-9 1649-53.
Edward VI
1547-53
Mary I
1553-8
Elizabeth
1558-1603
James I
1603-25
Oharles I
1625-49
Oliver Cromwell,
Protector 1653-8.
Richard Cromwell,
Protector 1658-9]
Charles II
1660-85
James II
1685-8
William III
1689-1702
and
Mary II
1689-94
John Thurloe, Sec. of the Council of State 1653-60.
Edward Hyde, E. of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor 1660-7.
{''The Cabal") Henry Bennet, E. of Arlington, Sec. of State
1667-73.
Sir Thomas Osborne, E. of Danby, Lord High Treasurer
1673-8.
Robert Spencer, E. of Sunderland, Sec. of State 1679-81
and 1683-5.
E. of Sunderland, Sec. of State and Lord Pres. of the
Council 1685-8.
Thomas Osborne, E. of Carmarthen (Danby) (1694 D. of
Leeds), Lord Pres. of the Council 1690-5.
(''The Junto") Charles Montagu, E. of Halifax, First Lord
of the Treasury 1697-1700.
Sidney Godolphin, Lord Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer
1700-2.
TABLE 139 (continued^
Sovereigns
Anne E. of Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer 1702-10.
1702-14 Robert Harley, E. of Oxford, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1710,
Lord High Treasurer 1711-4.
Henry St John, Visct. Bolingbroke, Sec. of State 1710-4.
George I James Stanhope, E. Stanhope, Sec. of State 1714 and 1718-21,
1714-27 First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1717-8.
Charles Townshend, Visct. Townshend, Sec. of State 1714-7,
1721-30.
Sir Robert Walpole, First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of
the Exchequer 1721-7.
George II The same 1727-42.
1727-60 John Lord Carteret (E. Granville), Sec. of State 1742-3.
Henry Pelham, First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of
the Exchequer 1743-63.
Thomas Pelham, D. of Newcastle, First Lord of the Treasury
1764-6.
William Cavendish, D. of Devonshire, First Lord of the Treasury
1766-7.
William Pitt, Sec. of State.
D. of Newcastle, First Lord of the Treasury 1756-61.
William Pitt. Sec. of State.
(Henceforth the Prime Minister is almost invariably First Lord of the Treasury. )
George III John Stewart, E. of Bute, First Lord of the Treasury 1762-3.
1760-1820 George Grenville, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1763-6.
Charles Wentworth- Watson, M. of Rockingham, 1766.
Augustus Fitzroy, D. of Grafton, 1766-9.
William Pitt, E. of Chatham, Lord Privy Seal.
Frederick Lord North (E. of Guildford), 1770-82.
M. of Rockingham, 1782.
William Petty, E. of Shelburne (M. of Lansdowne), 1782-3.
William Bentinck, D. of Portland, 1783.
{Coalition Ministry) Lord North and Charles James Fox,
Secretaries of State.
William Pitt, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1783-
1801.
Henry Addington (Visct, Sidmouth), First Lord and Chancellor
of the Exchequer 1801-4.
William Pitt, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1804-6.
{"All the Talents") William Lord Grenville, 1806-7.
Charles James Fox, Foreign Secretary 1806.
D. of Portland, 1807-9.
Spencer Perceval, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1809-12.
Robert Banks Jenkinson, E. of Liverpool, First Lord and
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1812-20.
TABLE 139 (continued^
Sovereigns
George IV
1820-30
William IV
1830-7
Victoria
1837-1901
Edward VII
1901-10
George V
1910
E. of Liverpool, 1820-7.
George Canning, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1827.
Frederick John Robinson, Visct. Goderich (E. of Ripon), 1827.
Arthur Wellesley, D. of Wellington, 1827-30.
Charles Grey (Lord Howick), Earl Grey, 1830-4.
William Lamb, Visct. Melbourne, 1834.
Sir Robert Peel, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1834-6.
Visct. Melbourne, 1835-7.
The same, 1837-41.
Sir Robert Peel, 1841-6.
Lord John Russell (Earl Russell), 1846-62.
Edward Stanley, E. of Derby, 1852.
George Hamilton-Gordon, E. of Aberdeen, 1852-6.
Henry J. Temple, Visct. Palmerston, 1866-8.
E. of Derby, 1858-9.
Visct. Palmerston, 1859-65.
Earl Russell, 1865-6.
E. of Derby, 1866-8.
Benjamin Disraeli, 1868.
William Ewart Gladstone, 1868-74 (Chancellor of the Exchequer
1873).
Benjamin Disraeli (E. of Beaconsfield from 1876), 1874-80.
W. E. Gladstone, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1880-5.
Robert A. T. G. Cecil, M. of Salisbury, Foreign Sec. 1886-6.
W. E. Gladstone, First Lord and Privy Seal 1886.
M. of Salisbury, First Lord 1886-92.
W. E. Gladstone, First Lord and Privy Seal 1892-4.
Archibald Philip Primrose, E. of Rosebery, First Lord and Lord
Pres. of Council 1894-5.
M. of Salisbury, Foreign Sec. 1896-1901.
The same, 1901-2.
Arthur James Balfour, 1902-6.
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister 1906-8.
Herbert Henry Asquith, Prime Minister 1908-10,
The same.
I:
i
C. Bf. H.
11
TABLE 140
CHIEF MINISTERS IN FRANCE (FROM HENRY IV)
Sovereigns
Henry IV
1689-1610
Louis XIII
1610-43
Louis XIV
1643-1716
Louis XV
1715-74
Louis XVI
1774-92 dep.
1793 ej;.
[First Republic
1792-1804
The Consulate 1799-1802
Bonaparte First Consul
for Ufe 1802-4]
Napoleon I
1799 (Emp. 1804)
-1814
Maximilien de Bethune (Rosny), D. of Sully, 1697-1610.
[Regent, 1610-4, Q. Marie (de' Medici)] Concini, Marshal
d'Ancre, 1610-7.
Charles d' Albert, C. (D.) of Luynes, 1617-21.
Armand-Jean du Plessis, D. of Richelieu, Card., 1624-43.
[Regent, 1643-62, Q. Anne (of Austria)] Jules Mazarin,
1643-52.
Jules Mazarin, Card. (First Minister), 1652-9.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Comptroller-general), 1661-83.
Fran9. -Michel le Tellier, M. of Louvois (Minister of War
1666), 1671-91.
[Regent, 1716-23, Philip, D. of Orleans] Card. Dubois,
1718-23.
Louis Henry, D. of Bourbon (First Minister), 1724-6.
Andre'-Hercule Fleury, Bp. of Frejus, Card., 1726-43.
Abbe F.-J. de Pierre de Bemis, C. of Lyon (Card.), 1756-8.
Etienne-Fran9ois, D. of Choiseul, 1758-70.
{''The Triumvirate") Armand Vignerot-Duplessis-Richelieu,
D. d'AiguiUon, 1770-4.
Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, M. de I'Aulne, 1774-6.
Jacques Necker, 1776-8.
Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, 1783-6.
Lome'nie de Brienne, Card., 1787.
J. Necker, 1788-90.
C. Honore-Gabriel Riquetti de Mirabeau, 1791.
The Directory, 1794-9.
Louis XVIII
1814-24
Charles-Maurice Talleyrand C. de Perigord, P. of Benevento
(Foreign Minister), 1799-1807.
Fouche, D. of Otranto (Minister of Police), 1804-10.
Maret, D. of Bassano (Foreign Minister), 1811-14.
Savary, D. of Rovigo (Minister of Police), 1810-14.
Talleyrand (First Minister), 1815.
Armand-E.-S.-S. du Plessis, D. de Richelieu (First Minister),
1816-21.
C. Jean-Baptiste-G.-M.-S.-J. de Villele (First Minister),
1821-4.
TABLE 140 {continued^
Sovereigns
Charles X
1824r-30
Louis-Philippe
1830-48
Second Republic
1848-62
Napoleon ICE
Emp. 1862-70
C. de Villele, 1824-7.
Jean-Baptiste-S.-Gaye, Vic. de Martigiiac (First Minister),
1828-9.
Auguste-J.-A.-M.-B., P. de Polignac, 1829.
Jacques Laffitte, 1830-1.
Casimir Perier, 1831-2.
{"Les Doctrinaires") Marshal Soult, 1832-6.
M.^.-Louis-Adolphe Thiers, 1836.
Fran9ois-Pierre-Guillaume Guizot, 1836-7.
Louis-Matthieu, C. Mole', 1837-9.
A. Thiers, 1839-40.
F.-P.-G. Guizot, 1840-8.
Provisional Government :
President : Jacques-Charles Dupont (de I'Eure).
Foreign Minister : Alphonse de Lamartine (February -
June).
Minister of War : General L.-C. Cavaignac (May — June).
National Assembly :
Head of Executive : General Cavaignac (June — De-
cember).
Presidency of Prince Louis-Napoleon ;
Camille-Hyacinthe-Odilon Barrot, 1848-9.
Eugene Rouher, 1849-61.
Charles-Auguste-Louis-Joseph, D. de Momy, President of
the Legislative Assembly, 1851-65.
Eugene Rouher (1855-9) (First Minister), 1863-9.
O.-Emile Ollivier (First Minister), Jan.— Aug. 1870.
Third Republic
1870
Government of
National Defetux
1870-1
A. Thiers, Chief of
Executive Power j
Feb.— Aug. 1871
{For list of Presidents
see Table 124)
Gen. Trochu (President); Jules Favre (Foreign Affairs);
Leon Gambetta (Minister for the Interior).
J. Favre (Foreign Affairs) Feb.— July 1871.
C. Charles de Remusat (Foreign Affairs) July 1871— May 1873.
Jacques- Victor-Albert Due de Broglie, 1873.
Louis-Joseph Buffet, 1875.
Jules-Armand-Stanislas Dufaure, 1876.
Jules Simon, 1876.
Due de Broglie, 1877.
(Gen. Rochebouet, 1877.)
J.-A.-S. Dufaure, 1877.
William Hugh Waddington, 1879.
Charles-Louis de S. de Freycmet, 1879.
Jules Ferry, 1880.
Leon Gambetta, 1881.
C.-L. de S. de Freycinet, 1882.
C.-J.-E. Duderc, 1882.
11—2
TABLE 140 {continued)^
Third Republic Jules Ferry, 1883.
{c<mtinued) Eugene-Henri Brisson, 1886.
C.-L. de S. de Freycinet, 1886.
Rene' Goblet, 1886.
Maurice Rouvier, 1887.
Pierre-Emmanuel Tirard, 1887.
Charles-Thomas Floquet, 1888.
P.-E. Tirard, 1889.
C.-L. de S. de Freycinet, 1890. .
iJ^mUe Loubet, 1892.
Alexandre-Felix-Joseph Ribot, 1892.
Charles-Alexandre Dupuy, 1893.
Jean-Paul-Pierre Casimir-Perier, 1893.
C.-A. Dupuy, 1894.
A.-F.-J. Ribot, 1896.
Leon-Victor-Auguste Bourgeois, 1895.
F^lix-Jules Meline, 1896.
E.-H. Brisson, 1898.
Pierre-Marie-Rene Waldeck-Rousseau, 1899.
Justin-Louis-;6mile Combes, 1902.
Jean-Maire-Ferdinand Sarrien, 1905.
Georges-Benjamin-Eugene Clemenceau, 1906.
Aristide Briand, 1909.
TABLE 141
CHIEF MINISTERS IN THE EMPIRE AND AUSTRIA
(FROM CHARLES V TO 1871)
Emperors
Charles V
1619-66
Matthias
1612-19
Ferdinand 11
1619-37
Ferdinand III
1637-57
Leopold I
1658-1705
Joseph I
1705-11
Charles VI
1711-40
Francis I
1746-65
[Maria Theresa
Q. of Hungary
1740-80]
Joseph II
1765-90
Leopold II
1790-2
E*rancis II
1792-1804
Arborio de Gattinara, 1519-30, Chancellor.
Nicolas Perrenot, Sieur de Granvelle, 1530-50, Sec. of State.
Card. Antonio Perrenot de Granvelle, 1550-8.
Card. Melchior Klesl, 1611-18, Director of Privy Council.
Privy
P. Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, 1616-34, Oberstbofmeister
and Director of Privy Council.
C. Max von Trautmannsdorf, 1634-50, President of
Council (Oberstbofmeister from 1628).
P. Johann Weikhard von Auersperg, 1650-7.
P. Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowitz, 1669-74, President of
Privy Council.
C. Theodor von Strattman, 1683-93, Hofkanzler.
C. Ferdinand Bonay von Harrach, 1698-1706, Oberstbof-
meister and President of Conference of State.
C. Jobann Wenzel Wratislaw, 1705-12, Bobemian Cbancellor
and Member of Conference of State.
Frbr. Josepb Christian von Bartenstein, 1727-53, Secretary
of State.
P. Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, 1753-92, Hof- and Staats-
kanzler.
The same.
The same.
The same.
C, John Pbilip Cobenzl, 1792-3, Hof- and Staatskanzler (from
1793 for Italy only).
Frbr. Jobn Amadous Francis Maria von Tbugut, 1793-1800,
Director of State Chancery.
C. Jobn Ludwig Joseph Cobenzl, 1800-5, Director of State
Chancery.
C. Jobn Philip Charles Stadion, 1805-9, Hof- and Staats-
kanzler.
Clement Wenzel Lothar, P. Metternich, Minister of Imperial
House and of Foreign Affairs 1809-21, Haus-, Hof- and
Staatskanzler 1821-48.
C. Franz Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Minister of State 1826-40.
B. Francis von Pillersdorff, Minister-President 1848.
P. Felix von Schwarzenberg, Minister-President 1848-52.
Alexander Bach, Minister of Interior 1849-59.
Anton von Schmerling, Minister of Interior 1860-5.
C. Belcredi, Minister-President and Minister of the Interior
(1865-7).
P. Carlos Auersperg, Minister-President (1868-70).
C. Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust, Minister of Foreign
Affairs 1866, Reicbskanzler 1867-71.
{Austro-Hungarian Dual Government begins with the Ausgleich of 1871.)
Emperors of Austria
Francis
1804r-36
Ferdinand
1835-48
Francis Joseph
1848
TABLE 142
CHIEF MINISTERS IN PRUSSIA (TO 1871)
Sovereigns
Frederick I
(1688) 1701-13
Frederick William I
1713-40
Frederick II
1740-86
Frederick William II
1786-97
Frederick William III
1797-1840
Frederick William IV
1840-61
Regency of Prince of Prussia
( William I)
1858-61
William I
1861-88
(German Emp. 1871)
[Eberhard Christoph Balthazar von Danckelmann,
President and First Minister 1696-7.]
John Casimir von Kolb, C. von Wartenburg, Ober-
kammerherr 1697-1711.
Heinrich Riidiger von Ilgen, Minister of State
(Foreign Affairs) 1711-26.
Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow, Minister
of State 1713, Chief of General Supreme
Directory 1723-39.
C. Charles William Fink von Finkenstein, Minister of
State 1747, Cabinet Minister 1749-1800.
C. Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg, Minister of State
and Cabinet 1763-91.
John Rudolf von Bischoffswerder, 1786-8,
Adjutant 1786, Adjutant-Gen. 1789.
C. Christian August Heinrich Kurt von Haugwitz,
Cabinet Minister 1792-1806.
Frhr. Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein, 1807-8.
Frhr. Karl August von Hardenberg, Minister of
State 1804-6, Chancellor of State 1810-22.
C. Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, President
of Ministry 1848.
Ludolf Camphausen, President of Ministry 1848-9.
David Justus Hansemann, Minister of Finance
1848.
C. Frederick William von Brandenburg, 1848-60.
General Joseph von Radowitz, Minister for
Foreign AiFairs 1850.
Otto Theodor von Manteuffel, Minister for
Foreign Affairs 1860, President of Minis-
try 1857.
P. Anton of HohenzoUern, 1868-62.
Rudolf von Auerswald, Minister without port-
folio, 1858-62.
C. Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar, Minister
of Interior 1859-62.
P. Otto von Bismarck, 1862-90.
TABLE 143
CHANCELLORS OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE
Emperors
WilUaml
Frederick III
William n
P. Otto von Bismarck, 1871-88.
The same, 1888.
The same, 1888-90.
C. George Leo von Capri vi, 1890-4.
P. Chlodwig von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfiirst, 1897-1900.
P. Bernhard von Biilow, 1900-8.
Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, 1908.
TABLE U4
CHIEF MINISTERS IN THE KINGDOM OF ITALY
Sovereigns
Victor Emiuanuel II
1862 (1849)-78
Humbert I
1878-1900
Victor Emmanuel III
1900
C, Camillo Benso di Cavour, 1862-9 and 1860-1.
[Sicily, Depretis Dictator, Crispi Sec. of State 1869-60.]
Presidents of the Council of Ministers,
B. Bettino Ricasoli, 1861-2.
Urbano Rattazzi, 1862.
Marco Minghetti, 1863-4.
M. Alfonso La Marmora, 1864-6.
B. B. Ricasoli, 1866-7.
U. Rattazzi, 1887.
Gen. Federigo Luigi Menabrea, 1867-9.
Quintino Sella, 1861-73 (Finance).
Giovanni Lanza, 1869-73 (Interior).
M. Emilio Visconti-Venosta, 1869-73.
M. Minghetti, 1873-6.
Agostino Depretis, 1876-8.
B. Giovanni Nicotera, 1876-7 (Interior).
Francesco Crispi, 1878 Jan. -March.
M. Cairoli, 1878 March-Dec.
A. Depretis, 1878-87.
F. Crispi, 1887-91.
M. di Rudini, 1891-2.
Giovanni Giolitti, 1892-3.
F. Crispi, 1893-6.
M. di Rudini, 1896-8.
Gen. Luigi Pelloux, 1898-1900.
M. Visconti-Venosta (Foreign Affairs), 1899-1901.
Giuseppe Saracco, 1900-2.
Giuseppe Zanardelli, 1902-3.
G. Giolitti, 1903-6.
B. Sonnino, 1906.
G. Giolitti, 1906-10.
Luigi Luzzatti, 1910.
TABLE 145
CHIEF MINISTERS IN SPAIN (FROM PHILIP III TO 1873)
Sovereigns
Philip III
1598-1621
Philip IV
1621-65
Charles 11
1665-1700
[Regent 1665-75,
Queen Maria Anna]
Philip V
1700-46
Ferdinand VI
1746-59
Charles in
1769-88
Charles IV
1788-1808
Ferdinand VII
1814 (1808)-33
Isabella II
1833-68 dep.
Regent 1833-40,
Q. Cristina.
Regent 1841-3,
Gen. Espartero.
1868 Interregnum
Regent, Gen. Franc.
Serrano Dominguez,
D. of La Torre
Amadeus (of Aosta)
1870-3 abd.
Francisco Gomez de Sandoval, D. of Lerma, 1598-1618.
Cristoval Gomez de Sandoval, D. of Uceda, 1619-21.
Gaspar Philip de Guzman, C. of Olivares {f'tlie Count-
Duke"), 1621-43.
Luis de Haro, D. of Carpio, 1643-61.
Father Niethard (Card.), 1665-8.
Fernando de Valenzuela, 1668-75.
Don Juan of Austria, 1676-9.
Juan Franc. Tomas de la Cerda, D. of Medina Celi, 1680-5.
Emmanuel Joaquin de Toledo, C. of Oropesa, 1685-91.
The C. of Melgar, D. of Sessa, D. of Infantado, C. of
Monterey, Card. Portocarrero successively, 1691-1700.
Card. Portocarrero, 1700-4.
Pss. Orsini Camarera mayor, 1700-14.
Card, del Giudice, 1714.
Card. Giulio Alberoni, 1715-9.
Jan Willem Ripperda, 1725-6.
Jose' de Patino, 1726-36.
de la Quadra, M. of Villarias, 1736-40.
Jose Campillo, 1740-3.
Zeno Somo de Villa, M. of Ensefiada, 1743-6.
M. of Ensenada
Jose de Carvajal y Lancaster)
Francisco Borgia, M. of Squillace, 1760-6.
Pedro Abarea y Bolea, C. of Aranda, 1766-73.
Jose Guttierez de Solarzano, M. of Grimaldo (Foreign
Minister), 1773-6.
Jose Monino, M. of Florida Blanca, 1776-88.
M. of Florida Blanca, 1788-92.
C. of Aranda, 1792.
Manuel de Godoy, P. of the Peace, 1792-1808.
Jose Leon y Pizarro, 1816-8.
Gen. Boldomero Espartero, 1837-40.
Ramon Maria Narvaez, D. of Valencia, 1844-6 ; 1847-51 ;
1856-7; 1863; 1865-8.
Enrique O'Donnell, C. de La Bisbal, 1856 ; 1858-63 ; 1864-5.
\ 1746-54.
Gen. Juan Prim, M. of Los Castillejos, 1870.
Gen. Serrano, 1871 (Jan.-July).
Ruiz Zorrilla, 1871 (July-Dec).
Praxedes Mateo Sagasta, 1871-2.
Adm. Topete, 1872 (May-June).
R. Zorrilla, 1872-3.
TABLE 146
SECULARISED BISHOPRICS
[Principal dates of secularisation :
Peace of Westphalia, 1648.
Peace of Luneville, 1801.
Reichsdepntationsrecess, 1802.
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, 1 803.
Peace of Pressburg, 1805.
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, 1806.
Peace of Tilsit, 1807.
Peace of Paris, 1814.
Peace of Vienna, 1816.
Treaty of Prague, 1866.]
Bishoprics of:
Augsburg. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
Bamberg. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
After introduction of Reformation at B. (1629) Bishops reside at Prunstrut.
Basel. 1792 see declared itself a Republic. 1793 annexed by French Republic.
1803 territory on right bank of Rhine ceded by France to Baden. 1814
territory on left bank assigned to Switzerland.
Brandenburg. Lutheran 1639; territory divided between Elector and local
nobility.
Bremen (Bremen-Hamburg) (Archbprc). Lutheran from 1658. Duchy of
Bremen ceded to Sweden 1648 ; 1716 (confirmed, 1719) sold by Denmark
to Hanover ; 1866 annexed to Prussia.
Cologne (Archbprc. ). 1801 territory on left bank of Rhine annexed to France,
1816 to Prussia. On right bank of Rhine divided between :
(a) Wied-Runkel (annexed 1806 to Nassau, 1816 to Prussia).
(6) Nassau-Usingen (annexed 1815 to Prussia).
(c) Hesse-Darmstadt (annexed 1816 to Prussia).
(d) Aremberg (annexed 1816 to Prussia).
Constance. 1803 annexed to Baden. Its dependency Conzenberg in 1803
a fief of the Empire, 1806 annexed to Wiirtemberg.
Eichstedt. 1803 created a principality for Archd. Ferdinand (as compensation
for Tuscany). 1806-6 annexed to Bavaria.
Freisingen. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
Halberstadt. 1486-1666 united with Magdeburg: 1648 annexed to Branden-
burg : 1807 to kingdom of Westphalia ; 1816 to Prussia.
Havelberg. 1648 practically annexed to Brandenburg.
Hildesheim. 1803 annexed to Prussia: 1807 to Westphalia : 1813 to Hanover:
1866 to Prussia.
Liege. 1801 annexed by France : 1816 transferred to Netherlands as princi-
pality of Liege.
Liibeck. 1803 annexed to Oldenburg : 1842 to Holstein (in exchange).
Magdeburg (Archbprc). After 1666 administered by temporal princes of
Brandenburg or Saxony. 1648 annexed to Brandenburg on death of
D. Augustus of Saxony (took effect 1680).
TABLE 146 {continued\
Bishoprics of :
Mainz (Archbprc). 1801 territory on left bank of Rhine annexed to France :
later, divided between Hesse-Darmstadt and Rhenish Prussia.
1803 the remainder (in exchange for compensatory dominions) ceded
by the Imperial Chancellor and divided amongst: Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-
Darmstadt, Nassau-Usingen, Leiningen, Lowenstein-Wertheim, Salm-
Reifferscheid-Bedbur, and Prussia, which in 1866 acquired the shares
assigned to Hesse-Cassel and Nassau-Usingen, and a portion of that of
Hesse-Darmstadt.
Meissen. Protestant from 1680. Merged in the Meissen Circle and united
with Saxony.
Merseburg. Protestant from 1661. Administered by Christian, 3rd son of
John George I, El. of Saxony. Saxon principality, united with the
Electorate 1738. Ceded to Prussia 1816.
Metz. 1648 formally ceded to France. Secularised in French Revolution.
1871 part of territory ceded to Germany.
Minden. 1648 annexed to Brandenburg : 1807 to Westphalia ; 1810 to the
French Empire ; 1813 to Prussia.
Munster. 1719-1803 united with Archbprc. of Cologne ; 1803, and again 1813,
to Prussia.
Naumburg-Zeitz. Protestant from 1664. 1662 Saxon principality for Maurice,
4th son of John George I. 1718 united with Electorate. 1815 greater
part ceded to Prussia.
Osnabriick. From 1648 the Bishop was alternately Roman Catholic and
Protestant ; the latter always of the House of Brunswick-Luneburg. 1803
annexed to Hanover: 1806 to Prussia: 1807 to Westphalia: 1810 to the
French Empire: 1814 to Hanover : 1866 to Prussia.
Paderborn. 1802 annexed to Prussia : confirmed 1803.
Passau. 1803 Western and lesser portion annexed to Bavaria, Eastern and
larger to Electorate of Salzburg, for the Grand Duke of Tuscany. 1806 the
whole to Bavaria.
Ratisbon. 1803 secularised and transferred as principality of Ratisbon to the
Prince Primas. 1810 transferred to Bavaria.
Ratzeburg. Lutheranised by Bp. Christopher (II) of Mecklenburg (t 1692),
afterwards administered by Mecklenburg. 1648 annexed to Mecklenburg.
Salzburg (Archbprc). 1802 assigned to Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany
(except Miihldorf, annexed to Bavaria). 1805 ceded to Austria in exchange
for Wiirzburg. 1809 annexed to Bavaria. 1814 reverts to Austria except
portion on left bank of Salza, remaining to Bavaria.
Schwerin. Lutheranised 1530 and from that date administered by princes of
Mecklenburg (Schwerin). Annexed to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1648 as
compensation for Wismar.
Speier. 1801 territory on left bank of Rhine (the lesser portion) annexed to
France : 1814 to Bavaria.
1803 territory on right bank (the larger portion) annexed to Baden. 1789
outlying dependencies annexed by France, included in Alsace : 1816 part
of these ceded to Bavaria. 1871 the remainder annexed by the German
Empire (incl. in Elsass-Lothringea).
TABLE 146 (continued).
Bishoprics of :
Strassburg. 1803 territory on right bank of Rhine annexed to Baden
(principality of Ettenheim). 1789 territory on left bank (under French
sovereignty since 1648) incorporated in Departments of Lower and Upper
Alsace. 1871 annexed by German Empire.
Toul. 1648 formally ceded to France. Secularised in French Revolution.
Trent (Archbprc.) and Brixen. From 1611 reckoned as territorially belonging
to Tyrol. 1803 annexed to Austria, as compensation for Ortenau, and
incorporated with Tyrol-
Trier (Archbprc). 1794 territory on left bank of the Rhine annexed to
France ; 1803 to Prussia, except St Wendel, ceded to Coburg till 1834.
1803 territory on right bank annexed to Nassau- Weilburg : 1816 to Prussia,
with certain exceptions. 1866 the whole annexed to Prussia.
Verden. 1648 secularised and ceded to Sweden. 1719 sold by Denmark to
Hanover.
Verdun. 1648 formally ceded to France. Secularised in French Revolution.
Worms. 1706 district of Reithausen annexed to the Palatinate. 1801 territory
on left bank of the Rhine annexed to France : 1814-5 divided between
Bavaria and Hesse. 1803 territory on right bank of the Rhine annexed to
Hesse-Darmstadt.
Wurzburg. (1) 1803 major part annexed to Bavaria in compensation for
lost Rhine provinces, as a hereditary principality: 1805 ceded to Grand
Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany as compensation for Salzburg. 1815 restored
to Bavaria : 1866 small portion in north ceded by Bavaria to Prussia.
(2) 1803 minor part divided between (1) P. of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein:
1806 transferred to Wiirtemberg with the rest of Hohenlohe ; (2) P. of
Leiningen ; 1806 transferred to Baden ; (3) principality of AschafFenburg
(1810 part of grand duchy of Frankfort) : 1814 transferred to Bavaria with
Aschaffenburg ; (4) Wiirtemberg; (6) Ansbach-Baireuth (Prussian princi-
palities of): 1806 ceded to Bavaria, 1810 to grand duchy of Wurzburg,
1814 to Bavaria and Wiirtemberg.
Fulda. (Abbey declared exempt bishopric 1762.) 1803-6 ceded in com-
pensation to Nassau-Orange. 1809 to grand duchy of Frankfort. 1810
Herbstein ceded to Hesse-Darmstadt. 1815 the rest to Prussia, but divided
between : (1) Prussia, (2) Electoral Hesse (1866 annexed by Prussia),
(3) Saxe- Weimar-Eisenach, and (4) Bavaria.
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TABLE 148
IMPERIAL DIETS
{Dates of assembly, from 1486 ; meetings of Electors (Kurftirstentage) are
not enumerated.)
1486 Frankfort.
1643
Nurnberg.
1489 Frankfort.
1644
Speier.
1491 Niirnberg.
1645
Worms (removed to Ratisbon).
1496 Worms.
1647
Augsburg.
1496 Lindau (removed
to Worms).
1555
Augsburg.
1500 Augsburg.
1556
Ratisbon.
1601 Nurnberg.
1569
Augsburg.
1606 Cologne.
1570
Speier.
1607 Constance.
1676
Ratisbon.
1610 Augsburg.
1682
Augsburg.
1612 Trier (removed to
Cologne).
1694
Ratisbon.
1618 Augsburg.
1597
Ratisbon.
1621 Worms.
1603
Ratisbon.
1623 Nurnberg.
1608
Ratisbon.
1526 Speier.
1613
Ratisbon.
1529 Speier.
1623
Ratisbon.
1630 Augsburg.
1640
Ratisbon.
1632 Ratisbon.
1653
Ratisbon.
1641 Ratisbon.
From 1663
Diet permanently in session at
1642 Speier.
Ratisbon.
1542 Nurnberg.
(1806 Dissolution of Empire.)
TABLE 149
CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES
(SELECTION ONLY)
{Dates of opening only are given.)
1620 Field of the Cloth of Gold (Henry VIII and Francis I).
1630 Conference of Bologna (Charles V and Clement VII).
1632 Second Conference of Bologna (Charles V and Clement VII).
1562 Conferences of Linz and Passau.
1562 Conference of St Germain.
1565 Conference of Bayonne.
1594 Conference of Heilbronn.
1 600 Conferences of Bergen-op-Zoom and Boulogne.
1609 Conference of the Hague.
1633 Convention of Heilbronn.
1634 Conventions of Frankfort and Worms.
1645 Congress of Westphalia.
1650 Congress of Niirnberg.
1677 Congress of Nymegen.
1697 Congress of Ryswyk.
1710 Conference of Gertruydenberg.
1712 Congress of Utrecht.
1713 Conference of Rastatt.
1714 Congress of Baden.
1724 Congress of Cambrai.
1728 Congress of Soissons.
1748 Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle.
1762 Conferences at Fontainebleau and Hubertusburg.
1790 Congress of Reichenbach.
1791 Conference of Pillnitz.
1794 Congress of St Petersburg.
1797 Congress of Rastatt.
1800 Conference of Luneville.
1801 Conference of Amiens.
1807 Conference of Tilsit.
1808 Congress of Erfurt.
1814 Conference of Chatillon-sur-Seine.
Conference at Paris.
Congress of Vienna.
Conference of Ghent.
1816 Conference at Paris.
1818 Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle.
1819 Conference of Vienna.
1820 Conference of Troppau.
1821 Conference of Laibach.
1822 Preliminary Conference at Vienna.
Congress of Verona.
TABLE 149 (continued),,
1824 Conference of St Petersburg.
1827 Conferences of London. m
1849 Conference at Berlin. f
1860 Conference of Dresden.
Conference of London.
1866 Conference of Paris.
1871 Conference of London.
1878 Conference of Berlin.
1882 Conference at Tokio.
1886 Conference at Tokio.
1887 First British Colonial Conference.
1889 Conference at Berlin (Samoa question).
First Panamerican Conference at Washin^on
1899 First Peace Conference at the Hague.
Conference at Washington (Alaska Boundary).
1900 Socialist Congress at Paris.
1906 Conference of Algeciras.
1907 Imperial British Colonial Conference.
Second Peace Conference at the Hague.
1908 International Naval Conference at London.
TABLE 160
LEAGUES AND ALLIANCES
(SELECTION ONLY)
1487 Swabian League founded (renewed 1512).
1495 League of the Pope, the Emperor, Spain, Milan, and Venice against
France.
1496 Magnus Intercursus. (England and the Netherlands.)
1508 League of Cambrai.
1511 The Holy League.
1512 Alliance of Scotland with France, and of Maximilian I with Julius II.
1514 Alliance of Henry VIII and Louis XII.
1516 French Concordat with the Papacy.
1521 Alliance of Bruges (Henry VIII, Charles V, and Leo X).
1522 Alliance of Windsor (Henry VIII and Charles V).
1524 Catholic Alliance of Ratisbon.
1526 League of Cognac.
Alliance of Torgau.
1531 League of Schmalkalden.
1533 League of Halle.
1536 Alliance of France and the Porte.
1638 League of Nurnberg.
1546 Alliance of Charles V and Paul III.
1547 League of Princes (against Charles V).
1548 Alliance of Scotland and France.
1551 Habsburg Family Compact.
1553 League of Heidelberg.
1558 Landsberg League.
1571 Triple Alliance (the Pope, Spain, and Venice) against the Turks.
1576 French Catholic League formed.
1577 Union of Brussels.
1578 League between Savoy and Swiss Catholic Cantons.
1579 League of Arras and Union of Utrecht.
1696 Alliance of England, France, and United Provinces,
1607 Franco- Venetian Alliance with the Grisons.
1608 Union of Ahausen.
Pressburg Alliance.
1609 German Catholic League.
1610 Alliance of Brosolo (France and Savoy against Milan).
1614 League of French Princes.
1633 Alliance of Heilbronn.
1656 Alliance of England and France against Spain.
1658 Confederation of the Rhine.
1661 Defensive alliance of England and Brandenburg.
1666 Quadruple Alliance (United Provinces, Denmark, Brandenburg, and
Bruns wick-Liineb urg).
TABLE 160 (continued^
1668 Triple Alliance (England, United Provinces, and Sweden) against France*
1670 Secret Alliance between Louis XIV and Charles II.
1683 The Hague Alliance.
1684 The Holy League (the Emperor, Poland, and Venice) against the Turks.
1685 Alliance of Brandenburg and the United Provinces.
1686 Alliance of Brandenburg and the Emperor.
Augsburg Alliance.
1689 First Grand Alliance.
1699 Alliance of Denmark, Poland, and Russia against Sweden.
1701 Second Grand Alliance.
1707 " Perpetual " Alliance of Sweden and Prussia.
1709 Alliance of Denmark, Poland, and Russia against Sweden.
171 6 Alliance of Great Britain, Russia, Denmark, and Prussia against Sweden.
1717 Triple Alliance (France, Great Britain, and United Provinces).
171 8 Quadruple Alliance (the same and the Emperor).
1725 First Vienna Alliance (Spain, the Emperor, and the Empire; 1726
joined by Russia).
Alliance of Hanover (Great Britain, France and Prussia ; 1726 joined by
United Provinces ; 1727 joined by Sweden and Denmark).
1733 First Bourbon Family Compact.
1743 Alliance of Fontaiuebleau (Second Bourbon Family Compact).
1744 Secret Alliance between Prussia and Franc©.
Union of Frankfort.
1745 Alliance of Austria and Russia.
1746 Alliance of France and Sardinia.
Alliance of Denmark and France.
1756 Convention of Westminster.
Defensive Alliance of Versailles (second Treaty 1757).
1761 Third Bourbon Family Compact.
1767 Confederation of Radom.
1768 Confederation of Bar.
1773 Alliance of France and Sweden.
1778 Alliance of France with the American Colonies ; 1779 joined by Spain ;
1780 by Holland.
1780 First Armed Neutrality.
Alliance of Austria and Russia against the Porte.
1785 Tlie Furstenhund.
1788 Triple Alliance (Great Britain, United Provinces, and Prussia).
1790 Alliance of Prussia with the Porte, and with Poland.
1792 First Coalition (Prussia and Austria; 1793 joined by Great Britain,
Holland, Spain, and the Italian States).
1799 Second Coalition (Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Naples, and the Porte).
1800 Second Armed Neutrality.
1803 Swiss Act of Mediation.
1805 Third Coalition (Great Britain, Austria, and Russia).
1806 Confederation of the Rhine.
1807 Fourth Coalition (Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia).
1812 Secret Alliance between Russia and Sweden.
TABLE 160 (c(mtinued)c
1813 Alliance between Russia and Prussia.
1814 Quadruple Alliance of Chaumont.
Congress of Vienna.
1815 Defensive Triple Alliance of Great Britain, Austria, and France.
Alliance of the Eight Powers.
The Holy Alliance.
Renewal of Quadruple Alliance of Chaumont.
1818 Renewal of Quadruple Alliance of Chaumont.
1833 Secret Alliance of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
1845 The Sonderbund.
1849 The Dreikonigsbiindniss (Prussia, Saxony, Hanover) and Union.
1850 The Germanic Confederation revived.
1851 Secret Alliance between Austria and Prussia.
1864 Alliance of Great Britain and France (1855 joined by Sardinia).
1863 Alliance of South American States against Spain.
1866 Alliance of Italy and Prussia.
1872 The Dreikaiserhund (1884 renewed).
1876 Alliance between Servia and Bulgaria.
1879 Secret Defensive Alliance between Germany and Austria.
1882 Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, and Italy ; renewed quinquennially
since).
1896 Alliance between France and Russia.
1902 Alliance between Great Britain and Japan (1905 amplified).
TABLE 151
UNIVERSITIES FOUNDED FROM 1450
(The dates are where possible those of foundation. Dates enclosed in ( ) are those of
second foundation. The names of universities which have ceased to exist or to hold
rank of universities are enclosed in [ ].)
I. EUROPE
Great Britain and Ireland.
Glasgow 1460.
Aberdeen 1496.
Edinburgh 1682.
Dublin (Trinity College) 1591.
Durham 1831.
London 1836 (1900).
Manchester, Victoria U. , 1880 (1903).
[Ireland, Royal U. of, 1880.]
Wales, U. of, 1893.
Birmingham 1900.
Liverpool 1903.
Leeds 1904.
Sheffield 1905.
Belfast, Queen's U. of, 1909.
Bristol 1909.
Ireland, National U. of, 1910.
AUSTRIA-H ungary.
Pressburg 1467.
Clausenburg 1580.
[Olmutz 1581.]
Graz 1586 (1817).
[Salzburg 1623.]
Budapest 1635 (1769).
Innsbruck 1677 (1826).
Lemberg 1784 (1817),
Agram 1874.
Czernowiz 1876.
Belgium.
Ghent 1816.
Liege 1817.
Brussels 1834.
[Malines 1834.]
Bulgaria.
Sofia 1888.
Denmark.
Copenhagen 1479 (1539 and 1788).
France.
Nantes 1463.
[Bourges 1464.]
[Rheims 1647.]
[Douai 1662.]
[Besan9on 1664.]
Dijon 1722.
[Imperial University 1808 (Univer-
sity of France).]
Lyon 1808.
Rennes 1808.
[Free Catholic Faculties 1876.]
Aix-en-Provence 1896.
Clermont-Ferrand 1896.
Lille 1896.
Marseilles 1896.
Nancy 1896.
Germany.
[Trier 1450.]
Greifswald 1456.
Freiburg-i.-B. 1467.
[Ingolstadt 1472.]
[Mainz 1477.]
Tubingen 1477.
[Wittenberg 1502.]
Marburg 1527 (1650).
Konigsberg 1644.
[Dillingen 1549.]
Jena 1557.
Braunsberg 1564 (1818).
[Helmstedt 1576.]
[Neustadt (Palatinate) 1578.]
Giessen 1607.
[Paderborn 1614.]
[Molsheim 1618.]
[Rinteln 1621.]
Strassburg 1621 (1872).
[Altorf 1623.]
TABLE 151 {continued\
Germany {continued),
Kiel 1665.
[Lingen 1685.]
Halle 1693.
Breslau 1702.
Gottingen 1733.
[Fulda 1734.]
Erlangen 1742.
Munster 1780 (1902).
[Stuttgart 1791.]
[Landshut 1802.]
Berlin 1810.
[EUwangen 1812.]
Bonn 1818.
Munich 1826.
Greece.
[Corfu 1824.]
Athens 1837.
Italy.
Macerata 1540.
Messina 1548.
Parma 1549.
[Milan 1565.]
Sassari 1620 (1763).
[Mantua 1625.]
Urhino 1671.
Camerino 1727.
Cagliari 1764.
Genoa 1812.
The Netherlands.
Ley den 1575.
[Franeker 1585.]
Utrecht 1636.
Groningen 1815.
Amsterdam 1877.
Norway.
Christiania 1811.
Portugal.
Counbra (1637) (1772).
RoifMANIA.
Jassy 1860.
Bucharest 1864.
Russia.
Warsaw 1576 (1864).
[Wilna 1576.]
Kieff 1588 (1833).
Dorpat 1632.
[Abo 1640.]
St Petersburg 1728 (1819).
Moscow 1755 (1804).
Kazan 1804.
Kharkoff 1804.
Helsingfors 1827.
Odessa 1865.
Tomsk 1879.
Servia.
Belgrade (1864).
Spain.
[Siguenza 1472.]
Toledo 1474.
Zaragossa 1474.
[Alcala 1499.]
Seville 1504.
Granada 1531.
San Jago di Compostella 1532.
[Osuna 1548.]
[Gandia 1549.]
[Osma 1550.]
[Orihuela 1552.]
Oviedo 1580.
Barcelona 1596.
[Pamplona 1680.]
[Cervera 1717.]
Madrid 1836.
Sweden.
Upsala 1477.
Lund 1666.
Stockholm 1878.
Goteborg 1887.
Switzerland.
Basel 1460.
Zurich 1521 (1833).
[Lausanne 1537.]
Bern 1834.
Geneva 1873.
Fribourg 1889.
Turkey.
Constantinople 1900.
TABLE 161 {continued)^
India.
Bombay 1867.
Calcutta 1867.
Madras 1867.
Lahore (Punjaub U.) 1882.
Allahabad 1887.
[Alighur.]
Annam.
Hanoi 1907.
IL ASIA
China.
Peking 1867.
Shansi (Imperial U.) 1902.
Hongkong 1910.
Japan.
Tokio 1868.
Kyoto 1897.
Philippine Islands.
Manila 1611.
Syria.
Beirut 1875.
(See also Russia.)
HI. AFRICA
Egypt,
Cairo 1908.
South Africa.
Cape Town 1873.
IV. NORTH AMERICA
Dominion op Canada
Quebec 1678. Kingston (Queen's U.) 1840.
Windsor (U. of King's College) 1788. Montreal (U. Laval) 1852 (1878).
Halifax (Dalhousie U.) 1818. Lennoxville (U. of Bishop's College)
Montreal (McGill U.) 1821. 1853.
Toronto 1827 (1906). Winnipeg (U. of Manitoba) 1877.
United States of America
The localities are in ( ).
Alabama.
Southern U. (Greensboro) 1856.
Alabama (Tuscaloosa) 1885.
Arizona.
Arizona (Tuscon) 1886.
Arkansas.
Arkansas (Fayetteville) 1871.
California.
The Pacific (San Jose) 1862.
California (Berkeley) 1869.
Southern California (Los Angeles)
1880.
Leland Stanford Junior 1886.
Colorado.
Colorado (Boulder) 1861.
Denver (University Park) 1864.
Westminster 1907.
Columbia.
Georgetown (Washington) opened
1789.
George Washington (Washington)
1821.
Howard (Washington) opened 1867.
Catholic U. of America (Washing-
ton) 1887.
Connecticut.
Yale (New Haven) 1701.
Wesleyan (Middletown) opened
1831.
Florida.
Florida (Gainesville) opened 1884.
John B. Stetson (De Land) 1887.
TABLE 161 {continued)^
United States op America (continued)
Georgia.
Georgia (Athens) 1785.
Mercer (Macon) 1838.
Atlanta 1867.
Clark (South Atlanta) 1877.
Idaho.
Idaho (Moscow) 1889.
Illinois.
Northwestern (Evanston) 1851.
Illinois (Urbana) 1867.
Chicago, opened 1892.
James Millikin (Decatur) 1901.
Indiana.
Vincennes 1806.
Indiana (Bloomington) 1828.
De Pauw (Greencastle) opened 1837.
Notre Dame 1844.
Taylor (Upland) 1846.
Valparaiso 1907.
Iowa.
Iowa Wesleyan (Mount Pleasant)
opened 1844.
State U. of Iowa (Iowa City) 1847.
Central U. of Iowa (Fella) 1863.
Upper Iowa (Fayette) 1866.
Kansas.
Baker (Baldwin) 1858.
Kansas (Lawrence) 1864.
Ottawa 1865.
Highland 1867.
Kansas City 1896.
Kentucky.
Central U. of Kentucky (Danville)
1819.
Transylvania (Lexington) opened
1836.
Louisville 1837.
State U. (Lexington) 1865.
Louisiana.
Tulane U. of Louisiana (New Or-
leans) 1845.
Leland (New Orleans) 1870.
Louisiana State U. (Baton Rouge)
1877.
Maine.
Maine (Orono) 1865.
Maryland.
Johns Hopkins (Baltimore) 1867.
Massachusetts.
Harvard (Cambridge) 1650.
Boston 1869.
Clark (Worcester) 1887.
Michigan.
Michigan (Ann Arbor) 1837.
Minnesota.
Minnesota (Minneapolis) 1861.
Hamline (St Paul) 1864.
St John's (CoUegeville) 1857.
Mississippi.
Mississippi 1844.
Rust (Holly Springs) 1872.
Missouri.
St Louis 1832.
Missouri (Columbia) 1839.
Christian (Canton) 1853.
Washington (St Louis) 1853.
Montana.
Montana (Missoula) 1893.
Nebraska.
Nebraska (Lincoln) 1869.
Nebraska Wesleyan (University
Place) 1886.
Cotner (Bethany) opened 1889.
Nevada.
Nevada (Reno) opened 1886.
New Jersey.
Princeton 1746.
New Mexico.
New Mexico (Albuquerque) 1889.
New York.
Union (Schenectady) 1795.
Columbia (New York) 1810.
Colgate (Hamilton) opened 1819.
New York U. 1831 (1893).
TABLE 151 (continued).
United States op America (continued)
New York (continued).
Fordham (New York) 1846.
Rochester 1850.
St Lawrence (Canton) 1866.
Alfred (Alfred) 1867.
Cornell (Ithaca) 1866.
Syracuse 1871.
Niagara 1883.
North Carolina.
Shaw (Raleigh) 1875.
North Dakota.
N. Dakota (University) 1883.
Ohio.
Ohio (Athens) 1804.
Miami (Oxford) 1809.
Denison (Granville) 1832.
Otterbein (Westerville) 1849.
Capital (Columbus) 1850.
Heidelberg (Tiffin) 1851.
Baldwin (Berea) 1854.
Wilberforce 1856.
Wooster 1866.
Ohio State (Columbus) 1870.
Cincinnati, opened 1874.
Oklahoma.
Oklahoma (Norman) 1892.
Ep worth (Oklahoma) 1903.
Oregon.
Willamette (Salem) 1853.
Pacific (Forest Grove) 1854.
Oregon (Eugene) opened 1876.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) 1755.
Pittsburg 1819.
Bucknell (Lewisburg) 1846.
Lincoln, opened 1864.
Lehigh (South Bethlehem) 1866.
Temple (Philadelphia) 1888.
Susquehanna (Selinsgrove) 1894.
Rhode Island.
Brown (Providence) opened 1764.
South Carolina.
South Carolina (Columbia) 1801.
Furman (Greenville) 1860.
Claflin (Orangeburg) 1869.
Allen (Columbia) opened 1881.
South Dakota.
South Dakota (Vermilion) 1862.
Dakota Wesleyau (Mitchell) 1883.
Tennessee.
Tennessee (Knoxviile) 1794.
Nashville 1826.
Cumberland (Lebanon) 1843.
U. of the South (Sewanee) 1858.
Walden (Nashville) 1866.
Chattanooga, opened 1867.
Fisk (Nashville) 1867.
Vanderbilt (Nashville) 1872.
Lincoln Memorial (Cumberland Gap)
1897.
Texas.
Baylor (Waco) 1845.
St Mary's (Galveston) 1856.
Trinity (Waxahachie) 1871.
Fort Worth 1881.
Texas (Austin) opened 1883.
Utah.
Utah (Salt Lake City) opened 1860.
Vermont.
Vermont (Burlington) 1791.
Virginia.
Washington and Lee (Lexington)
]782.
Virginia Union (Richmond) 1896.
Washington.
George Washington (Seattle) 1869.
Puget Sound (Tacoma) opened 1903.
West Virginia.
West Virginia (Morgantown) 1868.
Wisconsin.
Wisconsin (Madison) 1838.
Northwestern U. (Watertown) 1867.
Wyoming.
Wyoming (Laramie) 1886.
TABLE 161 (continued)/
V. SOUTH AMERICA AND WEST INDIES
South America.
Argentine REPUsLia
Cordoba 1613.
Buenos Aires 1821.
La Plata 1905.
Chili.
U. of Chili (Santiago) 1743.
Colombia.
National U. (Bogota) 1867.
Ecuador.
Central U. of Ecuador (Quito) 1787
(1895).
Paraguay.
National U. (Asuncion) 1890.
South America (continued).
Peru.
U. of St Mark (Lima) 1653.
Uruguay.
Montevideo 1876.
Venezuela.
Central U. of Venezuela (Caracas)
1721.
Central America.
Salvador.
San Salvador.
West Indies.
Cuba.
Havana 1728.
VI. AUSTRALASIA
Commonwealth of Australia.
New South Wales.
Sydney 1850.
Victoria.
Melbourne 1853.
Commonwealth of Australia (continued).
South Australia.
Adelaide 1872.
Tasmania.
Hobart (U. of Tasmania) 189G.
New Zealand 1870.
0.
13
207
n
GENERAL INDEX
13—2
208
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Kings, queens, queens-consort, royal princes and princesses, archdukes, arch-
duchesses, popes and cardinals, are to be found as a rule under their Christian
names (or, in the last instance, surnames). Grand-dukes, dukes, electors and other
territorial princes of lesser rank are to be found under the names of their States.
Bishops of the British Isles appear under their ordinary surnames, those of other
countries (unless they are cardinals or, in rare cases, specially mentioned by name
only in the text, and in one or two instances of obscure Polish bishoprics) under
their sees. Noblemen are under their highest or best-known titles. Exceptions
have been made where a strict following- of rule would seem pedantic, as in the
case of the Cromwells or of Colbert, of Napoleon I's marshals and others, and in
the case also of a few men whose titles do not appear in the book. These have been
put under their well-known names.
The principle of arrangement of long headings under a single name (in different
forms) ^^Anna, Anne," "Maria, Marie," has been that of the alphabetical order of
the countries to which the name is attached. Thus a queen of France would
precede a queen of Spain of the same name. When a second name follows the
first that has been taken as the alphabetical guide.
For compound names of persons the ordinary rules have been followed. Where
in the text a name is preceded by a preposition the order is here reversed ; for
example, Gallars, Nicholas de ; m here a name is made up of a preposition and
article, the article precedes, the preposition follows ; for example. La Motte Fouque,
F. H. K. de ; where the preposition and article have formed a compound, as in
Du Bellay, Delia Casa, the compound precedes. But occasional allowance has been
made on this point for family usage, and here, as elsewhere throughout the Index,
cross-references have been carefully added where doubt might arise.
Compound names of places have been treated as one word, as for example.
La Ilogue, St Domingo, Port Arthur, Cape Passaro, with the single exception of
those beginning with Fort, which it seemed possible to group under Fort.
In the case of the Greater States it has not been found possible to give more
than the main references from which their continuous history may be drawn. For
the slighter references the Indexes of the individual volumes must be consulted.
To the names of persons and places a number of Subject Headings have been
added. In general comprehensive headings, such as Religion, Church, Catholics,
Protestants, have been avoided. More limited sections of such subjects, however,
as for instance. Toleration, Calvinists, Lutherans, and even Huguenots, have been
included.
209
GENERAL INDEX
Aachen, Charles V crowned at (1520), ii
42, 139, 417; Catholicism in, in 156,
163 ; ecclesiastical troubles in, 705-8,
712, 715, 718; Protestants in, iv 10;
decay of, 420; vi 689; Gustavus III at,
783 ; capitulates (1793), viii 265 ; spinning
mills near, x 754
Peace of (1668), v 39, 153 sq.,
200, 373, 443, 650; (1748), vi 117, 243,
249 sq., 273, 319, 331 sq., 363; Frederick
the Great and, 398; and America, 411;
and India, 537 sq. ; Charles III and,
597; 608; and Corsica, 609; 622; 640;
642
Congress of (1818), vii 367 sq., ix
666, 761, X 12, 14 sqq., 56, 69, 353 ; and
Baden, 362; 364; xii 729
Aalborg, siege and capture of (1534), n
615 ; capture of Danish horse at, iv 102 ;
port of, VI 737
Aar river, Charles of Lorraine at, vi 247
Aarau, Treaty of, vi 611, 613
Aargau, added to Swiss confederation
(1415), II 306; ix 427; subject to Bern,
VI 613, IX 600 sq., 670; xi 236; 240;
joins the Siebnerkonkordat, 242 ; 244 ;
and the Articles of Baden, 246 ; suppres-
sion of monasteries in, 246 sq., 248; 251;
industries of, 259
Aarhuus, port of, vi 737
Ove Bilde, Bishop of, n 616
Aasen, Ivar, Norwegian philologist, xi 701
Abancourt, Charles-X.-J.-Franqueville de,
French Minister of War, viii 406
Abaya, Lake, discovered, xii 813
Abaza, Eussian Minister of Finance, xii
309; 312
Abb^s I, Viceroy of Egypt, xii 429 sq.
n. Viceroy of Egypt, xii 454
II, Shah of Persia, vi 518; 627
Pasha, X 550
Abbeville, ethnological discoveries at, xii
772
Abbot, Charles. See Colchester, Lord
George, Archbishop of Canterbury,
III 560 ; appeal of Commons to, iv 260
Abbott, James, in Afghanistan, xii 800
Abd-el-Aziz, Sultan of Morocco, xii 132 sq.
Abd-el-Kader, Algerian chief, x 503 sqq.
Abd-el-Kader, Egyptian Pasha, xn 441
Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of Turkey, accession
of, XI 636; 637; 639; xii 381; 883;
death of, 385; 430; and Ismail, Viceroy
of Egypt, 432 ; 439
Abd-ul-Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey, death
of, VIII 326; IX 388
II, Sultan of Turkey, xi 637 ; xii 14;
33 ; accession of, 385 ; 386 sq. ; and
Eastern Rumelia, 408 ; 416 ; and the
Armenian massacres, 417 sq. ; and Crete,
419 ; and the war with Greece, 420 sq. ;
and Macedonian reform, 425 sq. ; deposed,
428; and Egyptian affairs, 435 sqq., 445
Abd-ul-Kerim, Ottoman commander, xn
388
Abdullah, Pasha of Acre, x 549
Abdulla Jan, son of Sher Ali, xn 460; 465;
death of, 469
Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of Turkey, x 662;
XI 18; reforms by, 275 sq. ; 314; 316;
and the Treaty of Paris, 323 sq.; death
of, 636
Abdulmelek, Emperor of Morocco, in 697
Abdurrahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan,
XII 34 sq. ; 459 ; 467 ; 469 ; becomes Amir,
471 sq.; 475; and the frontier question,
478 ; and Lord Dufferin, ib. ; relations
of, with Great Britain, 482 sq.; death
of, 483; 488; 490
Abdy Bey, Turkish Court jester, x 556
Abel, Karl von, Bavarian statesman, xi 61
Abell, Thomas, trial and execution of, n
443 sq.
Abenaki, The, vii 95, 101
Abensberg, battle of (1809), ix 349
Abercrombie, James, vii 126, 132
Abercromby, Sir Ealph, viii 617; Com-
mander-in-Chief in Ireland, ix 701 ; in
the West Indies, 749
Aberdeen, Episcopal clergy of, and the
penal laws, v 290 ; Jacobites at, vi 98,
103, 116
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl
of, vn 391, 671; and the Greek
Question, x 200, 203 ; and the agreement
with France (1830), 482 sq.; Colonial
Secretary, 667; xi 2; and the Scottish
Church, 6 sq. ; 10; foreign policy of,
210
General Index,
16 sq. ; 21 ; 31 ; 33 ; forms a coalition
ministry (1862), 309 sq.; 312; and the
question of war with Russia, 315 sq. ;
resigns, 320 ; character of, ib. ; 346 ;
379 ; and the Spanish marriages, 554 ;
XII 683
Aberdeenshire, elections in, vi 93 ; 98
Abeshr (Wadai), explorers at, xii 811
Abhorrers, English party (1679), v 226
Abjuration, Act of, at the Hague (1581),
, m 254
Abo, surrender of (1563), iv 162 ; taken by
Charles IX (1597), 172 ; free sehool of,
founded by Gustavus Adolphus, 187;
VI 314 ; Peace of, 761, 782
Michael Agricola, Ordinary (and
Bishop) of, II 629
Skytte, Bishop of, ii 628
Abomey, explorers at, xii 807
Abonyi, Louis, Hungarian novelist, xi 430
Aborigines Protection Society, xi 788 ; and
the Congo State, xii 663
Aboukir, French fleet at (1798), viii 604,
625; Turkish defeat at (1799), 614 sq.,
674 ; Mehemet Ali at, x 547 ; rebel army
at, xii 437
About, Edmond, French writer, xi 526
Abraham, Plains of, vii 139 sqq.
Abrantes, Lippe's army at, vi 869 ; Welles-
ley's army at, ix 451
Abrial, Andr^-Joseph, Comte, Minister of
Justice (1801), IX 9
Abruzzi, Luigi (of Savoy-Aosta), Duke of
the, Polar expedition of, xii 795, 815
Abruzzo, peasant movement in, xi 536 ;
642
Abu Hamed, taken by Egyptian troops,
XII 448
Abyat, crypto-Socinian leader in Poland,
III 80 sq.
Abyssinia, the war in (1868), xi 752 sq. ;
XII 3; the Italian campaign in, 240 sq. ;
343; war in (1875), 440; the Mahdi
and, 444; 449; 659; Italy and, 664;
805; explorers in, 806, 813; 811
Academies, Humanistic teaching and, i
553 sq. ; in Florence, the Platonic,
559 sq. ; in Eome, 560 ; in Naples, ih. ;
in Venice, Aldo's, the Neacademia, 561,
563 ; in various Italian towns, ib. ;
of the Elevati, ii 384; the Modenese,
386 sq. ; the Platonic, of Florence,
702 ; under Cosimo de' Medici, in
394 ; spread of, 469 sq. ; Akademia
Jagiellonska, 77; Acadeinie frangaise con-
stituted, IV 156 ; followed by others, v
741 ; Colbert and five new French, 15 ;
Acailemie des Sciences, 715, 741 ; Academie
des Inscriptions, and historical research
in the eighteenth century, xii 817, 829 ;
decline of literary, in Italy, v 118 ;
scientific in general, 739 sqq. ; English
scientific, 740 ; Austrian scientific, 741 ;
Prussian, of 1696 and 1700, 670; of
Elector Frederick III, 741 ; Russian, of
Theodore III, 519 ; of Peter the Great,
547, 741
Acadia, Anglo-French struggle for, iv 747;
assigned to England (1631), v 442 ;
Acadians driven from, vi 337 ; disputed
governorship of, vii 23 ; 72 ; ceded to
England (1656), 75 ; restored to France
(1667), 89 ; ceded to England (1713), 95,
109 ; history of, 110 sqq. ; transferred to
Britain (1763), x 685. See also Nova
Scotia
Acapulco, trade of, with Manila, x 255
Acarnania, insurrection in, xi 279
Acciaiuoli, Donate, translation of L. Brum's
History of Florence by, in 471
Franco. See Athens, Duke of
Accialli, Treaty of, xii 240
Accoramboni, Vittoria, in 427 sqq.
Achaltsik, acquired bv Russia (1829), x 444,
XI 274
Achard, Charles Francois, attempts to manu-
facture sugar from beetroot, ix 377
Ach^, de, French naval officer, vi 547 sq.
French royalist, tries to effect a rising
in Normandy, ix 136
Achin, English East India Company and,
IV 731; Dutch war with, xii 243 sqq.,
669; 248
Achmet Aga of Dospad, xii 384
A'Court, Sir William. See Heytesbury
Acqs (or Dax), Francois de Noailles, Bishop
of, ambassador to England (1556), ii 644
sqq., 548; iii 265; ambassador to the
Porte, 137
Acqua Felice, Sixtus V and, iii 441
Acquaviva, Father Claudio, fifth Jesuit
General, in 448, 766
Acqui, Austrian retreat to (1796), vin
566 sq.
Acre, besieged (1190), v 630, (1799), vra
610 sqq., (1831), x 549; Sultan's messen-
gers killed at, ix 385; 387; captured by
Ibrahim Pasha (1832), x 549; offered to
Mehemet Ali, 553, 560, 565 sq., 569, 571 ;
the divan meshura at, 559; surrender of
(1840), 571
Acs, Hungarian camp at, xi 210
Act of Grace, English, of May, 1690,
V 260
Act of Mediation, Swiss (1803), xi 236 sqq.
Act of Neutralisation, Swiss (1815), xi
238 sq.
Act of Resumption, of all grants of Irish
forfeited estates (Ap- 1700), v 323
Act of Seclusion (Dutch), Cromwell and,
V 141 sqq. ; reception of, in the Union,
148 sq. ; rescinded, 148
Act of Security, Scottish (1703-4), v 298
Act of Settlement, English (1701), v 275,
277 ; repeal of two clauses of, 464 ;
and the Electress Sophia, vi 8 sqq. : of
Ireland (1662), v 302 sq.; repealed by
the Irish Pari lament (1689), 310
Act of the Six Articles (1539), ii 450;
results of, 466 sq. ; failure of, 477
General Index,
211
Act of Succession (1534), u 442, (1536), 446
Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII's (1534),
11 442, Elizabeth's (1659), 567 sqq. ;
first results of, in 284 ; in later action,
340 sqq., 349
Act of Uniformity (1549), ii 485, (1552),
507 sq., Elizabeth's (1559), 669; first
results of, in 284; enforcement of, 340
sqq. ; of 1662, character and results of,
V 98 sqq. ; 329 sqq.
Act of Union, between England and Scot-
land, VI 90 sqq., Chap, in passim
Act of Union, of Great Britain and Ireland,
IX 702 sqq., Chap, xxii passim
" Act of Union and Security," of Gusta-
vus III of Sweden, vi 781
Acta Augustana, by Martin Luther, ii 133
Actium, sea-fight off (1538), in 114
Acto Addicional, Portuguese, of Saldanha,
XI 573
Acton, John Emerioh Edward Dalberg-
Acton, Lord, v 2; 253; 616; 617; vi 85;
xn 766; 841; 848
Sir John Francis Edward, Prime
Minister of Naples, viii 650 sq., 778
AculhuaquS (" Strong men"), Mexicans,
I 38
Acuna, Alonzo Osorio de. See Zamora,
Bishop of
Diego Sarmiento de. See Gondomar
Adair, Sir Robert, British ambassador, ix
309; 389; x 542
Adalbert, St, v 629
Adam, Edmond, Parisian official, xi 113
Adami, Adam, Bishop. See Hildesheim
Adams, Charles Francis, American Minis-
ter in London, vii 399, 610, 640; xi
336 sq. ; xn 21
Henry, historian, xii 841
John, President of the United States
(1797-1801), VI 461 ; vii 146, 161, 154,
164, 189, 232; elected Vice-President,
315 sq.; elected President, 320 sqq., 324,
372, 730 ; and Spanish America, x 280
John Couch, astronomer, xn 768
John Quincy, President of the United
States (1826-9), vii 350, 363, 365 sq., 371,
373 sq., 378 sq.
Samuel, American statesman, vu
146, 159 sqq., 173, 182, 189, 197, 730
Thomas, major, defeats Mir Kasim,
VI 561; 562
William, and Japanese trade, iv 740
Ad an a, occupied by the Egyptian army
(1832), X 560; 553 sq.
Adasheff, Alexis, favourite of Ivan the
Terrible, v 489
Adda, Count de, papal Nuncio in England,
V 235
Addington, Henry. See Sidmouth, 1st
Viscount
Addison, Joseph, French influence on, v
70; 122; 133; 271; Cafo, 474; 476 sqq.;
succeeded as Secretary by Craggs, vi 30 ;
X 696; 699
Adelaide, capital of South Australia, xi 792
sq.; 798; industries of, xii 023; 624; the
federation question at, 631; University
of, founded, 627
Adelaide, Madame (Princess Eug^ne-Louise-
Adelaide of Orleans), sister of Louis-
Philippe, X 479; 484
Adelantado (admiral), of Castile. See
Padilla, Martin de
Adeler, Kort, Norwegian admiral, v 561
Adelji, secret society, in Lecce, x 111
Adelmann, Bernhard, von Adelmannsfel-
den, German reformer, ii 138
Aden, attacked by Turkish fleet, in 117
Aderklau, Archduke Charles attacks the
French at (1809), ix 353
Adet, Pierre-Auguste, French Minister to
the United States, vii 320
Adige river, French army on, v 402; vi
153; crossed by the allies (1735), 154;
Austrian retreat towards (1800), ix 68 ; 69
Adil Khan, ruler of Goa, i 31
Adlerberg, Count Vladimir, xi 614
Adlersparre, George, Count, Swedish gen-
eral, forces abdication of Gustavus IV,
IX 323
Admiralty, Courts of, in the American
colonies, contested jurisdiction of, and
the War of Independence, vii 184 sqq.
See also Navies
Admiralty Colleges of Holland, Zeeland
and the North Quarter, in 621
Adolphus Frederick, King of Sweden, vi
354; 741 sq.; 761 sqq.; death of, 766
John, Prince, brother of Charles X
of Sweden, iv 687; 590; v 663
Adorno, Botta, Austrian general. Regent in
Tuscany, vi 601; 608
Adowah, battle of, xn 219, 241, 447, 664
Adrian IV (Nicholas Breakspeare), Pope,
Northern mission of, ii 601 ; and the
donation of Ireland, iii 582, 585
VI (Adrian Boyers of Utrecht), Pope,
the fall of Rhodes and, i 94; Spanish
regent, 368, 372 sqq., 457; at Louvain
University, 436, 674; Church reform and,
678; Erasmus and, 682; failure of, 691;
election of, n 20, 44, 378, 418; reign and
character of, 19 sqq. ; reasons for failure
of, 27; reforming policy of, 32, 170 sqq.,
378,400,641; Bavaria and, 169; Gus-
tavus Vasa and, 623; iii 186; v 635
Patriarch of Russia, v 530
Adriani, Giovanni Battista, in 394
Adriano de Corneto. See Castellesi, Car-
dinal
Mateo, Melanchthon and, ii 402
Adrianople, Mohammad IV in, v 353 ;
Turkish army at, 359; Tokolyi at, 364,
366; X 556; Peace of (1713), v 607;
Treaty of (1829), x 98, 200, 202 sq. , 444,
481, 546, XI 274, 281, and Moldo-
Wallachia, 281 sq., and Servia, 284;
Russian occupation of, xn 389; 390 sq.;
426
212
General Index.
Adriatic Sea, vi 241; Venice and, 605;
British evacuation of places on, ix 77 ;
tribute from the islands of, x 172 ; Greek
piracy in, 186; Neapolitan fleet in, xi
85; 366
Adwalton Moor, Fairfaxes defeated at, iv 313
Adullamites, faction of the, xi 339
Advancement of Learning, Bacon's, iii 377
Aegean Sea, Venetians lose their islands in,
in 115-6; tribute from the islands of,
X 172; Greek piracy in, 186
Aegidius of Viterbo, i 648; ii 8, 28; at
Fifth Lateran Council, 30 sqq.
Aegina, surrendered by Venice to the Turks,
ni 116
Aegineta, Petrus (Greek professor at Flor-
ence), II 16
Aehrenthal, Baron Aloys L. B., Austrian
statesman, xii 211
Aeneas Sylvius. See Pius II, Pope
Aerschot, Philip de Croy, Prince of Chimay,
Duke of. III 190, 194, 214, 226, 232, 244,
245, 248, 250
Aerssens, Francis van (Franz van Aerssen),
lord of Sommelsdijk, iii 649, 651, 655;
councillor of Frederick Henry, iv 690;
appeals to Eichelieu for help, 691 ;
negotiations of, in England, 701
^sop, Kussian translation of, v 529
Assens, victory of Christian III over Lii-
beck at, ii 230, 615
ASane, ford of, iii 594
Affonso V, King of Portugal, the Guinea
trade and, i 16; schemes of exploration
and, 19, 21
Affre, Denis-Auguste. See Paris, Arch-
bishops of
Affry, Louis-Auguste-Augustin, Comte de,
lieutenant-general, French envoy at the
Hague, VI 343
Louis - Auguste - Philippe, Comte de
(son of above), appointed Landammann
of the Swiss Confederation, ix 423
Afghan Boundary Commission, xii 477 sq.
Afghanistan, the Emperor Babar in, vi 503
sq. ; 510 sqq.; 517; Shah Jehan in, 518;
insurrection in, 521 ; 624 ; physical
features of, 526 sqq. ; and Oudh, ix 721
British mission to, 732; history of (1815-
69), Vol. XI, Chap, xxvi; Russia and, 632
affairs in (1863-1907), xii. Chap, xvi
passim; 4; British war with, 34, 36 sq
66 ; 161 ; Russia and, 343 ; political
mission to, 800
Afiz, Pasha of Nissa, ix 387
Africa, exploration of, i 13 sqq., 17, 20;
English and Dutch in, v 108, 149, 179 ;
Brandenburg colony in, 647; European
settlements in, 691 sqq. ; vi 151 ; colonisa-
tion of, 184 ; the slave trade in, 186 sqq. ;
the European Powers in, 187 sqq. ;
Moslem States of, ix 385 ; and the slave
trade, x 19; xii 3 sq. ; British progress
in, 47; 94; the French in, 128 sqq., 159;
German colonisation in, 160 sq., 167,
172 ; Italy and, 219, 240 ; the Portuguese
in, 270; the colonisation and partition
of, 657 sqq.; exploration in, 805 sqq.
Africa, Central, opening up of, xii 255 sq. ;
635
South, English and Dutch in (1850-
70), Vol. XI, Chap, xxvn (3); British
rule in, 761 ; Union of, xii 2; 39; Chinese
labour in, 64; British emigration to, 63;
603; affairs in (1871-1910), 635 sqq.;
England and, 658; 734
West, the West Indies and, iv 759;
XII 658 sq.
African Association, vi 188, xii 805 sq.
Company, Swedish (1647), iv 759;
English (1618), 759; English (1631), 759;
French (West) (1626), 759 ; vi 173. See
also Royal African Company, British East
and South African Companies, etc.
Society (German), xii 658
Trading Company (Brandenburg),
V 647
Africander Bond, in South Africa, xii 638
Afridis, The, attack British posts, xii 488
Afrosina, Tsarevich Alexis' mistress, v
539 sq.
Aftonblad, Swedish journal, xi 685
Afzal, son of Dost Mohammad, xii 459
Khan, general of the Bijapur army,
VI 521
Agadem, explorers in, xii 807
Agades, explorers in, xii 810
Agassiz, Louis, naturalist, xi 260
Agen, Republican attack on, xi 137
Matteo Bandello, Bishop of, ii 15 ;
the novels of, iii 368, 467 sq.
Agenois, peasants' rising in, iii 664
Agnadello, Venetian defeat at (1509), i 132,
246
Agnew, Patrick Alexander Vans, British
official in India, xi 740
Agordat, Italian success at, xii 240
Agostini, Agostino de (Wolsey's physician),
II 434
Agoult, Antoine-Jean, Vicomte de, viii 156
Agra, William Hawkins at, iv 741 ; English
factory at, 742; captured by Babar, vi
509 ; 511 ; Emperor Shah Jehan pro-
claimed at, 517 ; 519 sq. ; 523 sqq. ;
Sindhia seizes, ix 718; 719, 725; British
capture of, 726; presidency of, xi 731;
738; relief of (1857), 747
and Oudh, United Provinces of,
XII 495
Agram, revolutionary movement at, xi 156;
Croato- Slavonic Diet at, 179 sq.; disturb-
ances at, XII 198, 209
Agrarian revolution, in England. See
England
" Agreement of the People," iv 345 ; 353 ;
V 327 sq.
Agricola, Georgius. See Bauer, George
Johann, Lutheran theologian, u 201,
264
Michael. See Abo
General Index,
213
Agricola, Rudolf (Roelof Huysmann), i 436,
569, 572, 634
Stephen, Lutheran theologian at
the Conference of Marburg, ii 207
Aguesseau, Henri-Francois de, Chancellor
of France, vi 129 sqq.; 162; ix 165;
167 sq.
Aguila, Don Juan del, Spanish general in
Ireland, in 532
Aguinaldo, Emilio, Filipino leader, vii
679; XII 530 sq.
Ahalya Bai, ix 727
Aharlow, forest of, ni 595
Ahlden, Sophia Dorothea at, vi 8
Ahmad I, Sultan, in 700
II, Sultan, V 369
Ill, Sultan, V 604 sqq.
Pasha, III 123; murdered, 124
Pasha, Turkish admiral, x 562
Shah Abdali, Afghan ruler, vi 524
Vefyk Effendi, Turkish ambassador
in Paris, xi 636
Ahmadabad, English factory at, iv 742;
captured, vi 576
Ahmadnagar, kingdom of, vi 612 ; 515 ;
Khan Jehan in, 517; 518; 523; Wellesley
captures, ix 726
Aidzu clan and daimids. Vol. xi. Chap.
xxviii (2), passim
Aigues Mortes, conference of Charles V and
Francis I at (1538), ii 73, 98, 235, 288,
ra 115
Aiguillon, Emmanuel- Armand de Vignerot-
Duplessis - Richelieu, Duke of, vi 695 ;
Governor of Britanny, 356 ; Minister of
Foreign Affairs, 357 sq.; viii 82
Armand de Vignerot - Duplessis -
Richelieu, Duke of (son of above, d.
1800), VIII 179; 692; 716
Aigun, Treaty of, xi 273, 632, xii 796
Aikin, John, physician, viii 764 sq.
Aiily, Pierre de, Cardinal, doctrine of
Conciliar authority of, i 623; at Con-
stance, II 281
Ainali Kavak, Treaty of, vi 709, xi 282
Ain-Sefra, French boundary at, xii 129
Airds Moss, Covenanters defeated at, v 287
Aire, ceded to France, v 39, 45; captured
by the Allies (1710), 429
river, pollution of, xi 1
Aislabie, John, statesman, vi 41; 180 sq.
Aisue river, French army at, xi 596; 597
Aitchison, Sir Charles Umpherston, and
the Indian Civil Service, xii 480
Aix, the plague at, vi 128 ; Fouch6 retires
to, IX 140; Parlement of, in 6, 415-6,
662, IV 610 sq., v 4; viii 47; and Mira-
beau, 160; Terrorists lynched at, 387
Albert Genebrard, Archbishop of, i
615
Gilbert Genebrard, Archbishop of,
z 615
Jean-de-Dieu-R. de Cuc6 de Bois-
gelin. Archbishop of, viii 24, 179
Aix-la-Chapelle. See Aachen
Aix Roads, Willaumez anchors in, ix 238
Ajaccio, French fleet off, ix 220
Ajmir, Sir Thomas Roe at, vi 516; 519
Akashi, daimio of, xi 832
Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammad, xi
733; 735
Shah, Moghul Emperor, vi 611 sq. ;
character of, 613 sqq.
Akhalzik, Pasha of, ix 385
Akkerman, Russian capture of, vi 673 ;
Treaty of (1826), x 192 sq.; repudiated
by the Sultan, 198; xi 282
Ak Meohet, captured by Russia, xi 273
Akrotiri, Christian insurgents in, xii 420
Aksakoff, Ivan, Russian journalist, xi
625 sq.; xii 298; 300; 309; 311
Aksu, travellers at, xii 799; 802
Alabama, Spanish claims in, vii 315, 323;
migration into, 359; enters the Union,
359, 413; and the Tariff, 377; secedes
(1860), 446; joins the Confederacy, 453,
603; cut off from Confederate centre,
622 ; threatened by Grant, 528 ; emanci-
pation in, 595; representation of, 632;
becomes Democratic, 642
Alabama incident, vii 565 sq., 636; xi 336
sq., 776; xn 20 sqq., 27 sq., 717, 720
Alagdn, Duke of, x 208
Alain le Grand, Lord of Albret. See Albrei
Alais, Louis de Yalois, Comte de. See
Angoul^me
Alam, Shah, and Indian politics, ix 717
sqq.
Alamanni, Luigi, in 65, 469, 468 ; Giron
il Cortese, 469; exile of, 470
^lamo, massacre of the (1836), vii 392
Aland Isles, Conference at, vi 28; 34; 36;
seized by Russia (1808), ix 323
Alanio, Pedro, Spanish revolutionary, xn
267
Alary, Abb6, and the Club de I'Entresol,
VIII 15
Alaska, boundary dispute of, vii 371, xn
617, 722 ; purchased by the United States,
vn 637, 666, xn 344; xi 632 sq.; 776;
xn 814
Alatau mountains, xn 793; exploration
in, 799
Alava, incorporated in Castile, i 235
Don Francis de, iii 16 sq., 210
Alba, Duke of. See Alva
de Tormes, del Parque defeated at,
IX 455, 456; Spanish force placed at,
473
Albani, Alessandro, Cardinal, vi 687; 595
Giovanni Francesco. See Clement XI,
Pope
Jean Francois, Cardinal, vm 637
Joseph, Cardinal, Papal Secretary
of State, X 154 sq.
Albania, Scanderbeg and, i 70, 71; Venice
fights the Turks in, 80; suggested oc-
cupation of, by France, ix 308; Ali
Pasha in, 386, (1814), x 176, 177;
revolts in, 549, 660, xi 279; Italian
214
General Index,
and Austrian rivalry in, xii 242; 381;
the Treaty of Berlin and, 396, 398;
425; 428
Albanian League, xii 401; 403
Albanians, and Montenegro, xii 401 sq. ;
415 sq.; 425
Albany (U.S.A.), conquest of (1664), vii
39 sq. ; fortified, 42 ; charter granted to,
43; 44 sq.; federation meeting at (1754),
VI 412; operations round (1756), vii 126;
railway from Boston to, 694
Western Australia, xi 790 sq.
Alexander Stewart, Duke of, i 484
John Stewart, Duke of (son of
Alexander), i 484, 488; advances on
Naples (1524), n 50; in Scotland, 419
sq., 422 sq. ; returns to France, 426,
453 sq.
Albemarle^ The, vii 563 sq.
Albemarle, Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st
Earl of, v 257
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of, vi
369; 426
George Monck, Duke of, at Nantwich,
IV 321; 443; victory of, off Scheveningen,
476; 480 sq.; soldier and seaman, 485;
subdues Scotland, 436, 510 sq.; in Ulster,
531 ; 532 ; declares for a free Parlia-
ment, 538; 540; 545 sqq.; marches into
England, 548 sq. ; and the Restoration,
650-9; V 93; 100; and the marriage of
Charles II, 105; 106; in naval campaign
of 1666, 183 sqq.; 190; death of, 191;
280 ; VI 795 sq. ; vii 34
William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of,
VI 333
Alber, Matthaus, of Reutlingen, reformer,
II 160; Zwingli and, 332
Albericus Gentilis, iii 767
Alberoni, Giulio, Cardinal, Spanish states-
man, VI 25 ; 29 ; and Great Britain, 30 sq. ;
and Sicily, 32 ; 33 sqq. ; and the Ja-
cobites, 104; and England, 122 sq.; and
the Eegent Orleans, 123; reforms by, ib.;
foreign policy of, 12 i; fall of, 125; 126;
134; 136; 138; and Eipperda, 139, 142
sq. ; 157 ; Elisabeth Farnese and, 166 ;
586 sq.
Albert I, King of the Belgians, xii 256
II (of Habsburg), Emperor, reforms
of, in the Empire, i 294; 687; ii 198;
V 623
King of Poland. See John Albert
I (of Mecklenburg), King of Sweden,
defeated at Falkoping (1393), ii 600; 601
Archduke, Archbishop of Toledo
(later sovereign of the Netherlands),
Governor of Lisbon, iii 318, 519; in
Italy, 527; marriage of, 630; Governor
of Netherlands, 522 sqq., 634 ; efforts of,
for peace, 534, 628, 639; and the war,
535, 629 ; at battle of the Dunes, 635 sq. ;
takes Calais, 670; fails to relieve Amiens,
522, 672 sq. ; attacks France, 679, 686 sq. ;
and Jiilich, 689 sq., 730, 732; and
Emperor Rudolf, 720, 735; death of,
655; IV 77; career of, iii 699; and the
Imperial throne, iv 1; 11; 13; Henry IV
and, 624
Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria-Munich. See
Bavaria
of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia.
See Prussia
Prince, of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and
Prince Consort of Queen Victoria, married
to her, X 681 ; xi 33 ; 163 ; and Napoleon
III, 308 ; 338 ; and William I of Prussia,
406 ; and the Spanish marriages, 553 ;
death of, 336
Edward Nyanza Lake, xii 810; 812
Nyanza Lake, discovery of, xii 439,
662; 809; 812
Alexandre-Martin, French politician,
XI 101; 103; 105; 107
Alberta, district of, xi 776; ranching in,
XII 610; 615
Alberti, Aristotile (Ridolfo Fioravanti), v
482
Leo Battista, architect and painter,
I 559; II 702; in 458
Albertini, Francesco, Italian scholar, i 549
Albigny, C. E. Philibertde Simiane, seigneur
de, Governor of Savoy, and the escalade
of Geneva, iii 420 sq.; death of, 686
Albitte, Antoine-Louis, Commissioner of
the Convention, viii 561
Albizzi, Giovanna, i 176
Luca, supporter of Savonarola, 1 169
Albornoz, Gil Alvarez Carillo, Cardinal, i
237, 663
Albrecht, Archduke of Austria, xi 153 sq.; 216
C, professor at Gottingen, x 379
Wilhelm Eduard, German jurist, xi
162
Albret, Alain le Grand de, Sieur d'Albret
and Count of Dreux, i 393 sqq., 397
Catherine, Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
Charlotte de, marriage of, to Cesare
Borgia, i 120
Henri and Jean de. Kings of Navarre.
See Navarre
Jeanne de. Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
Albuera, battle of (1811), ix 467
Albufera, Duke of. See Suchet
Albuquerque, Aranda winters at, vi 359
Alburquerque (Albuquerque), Affonso de,
crusading schemes of, i 11; capture of
Goa by, 31; ideals of, iv 728; v 695
Antonio de. Governor of the Rio,
V 679
Jos6 Maria de la Cueva, 14th Duke
of, defence of Cadiz by, ix 456
Matthias de, iv 707
Alcabala, Spanish tax, n 99; under
Philip III, IV 627
Alcala, University of, founded by Ximenes,
I 355, 380, 622, 651, ii 400
Alfonso de, Spanish scholar, n 400
General Index,
216
Alcafiiz, Suohet repulsed at, ix 454
Alcantara, Order of, i 11
Alcasabah, The, in 105
Alcazar-Kebir, battle of (1678), iii 499,
597
Alciati, Andrea, Calvin and, ii 352 ; iii
68
Giovanni Paolo, Italian reformer, ii
393
Aloolea, battle of, xi 669
Alcott, Amos Bronson, transcendentalist,
VII 739
Alcoy, outrages at, xii 267
Federico Boncali, Count of, Spanish
Minister, xi 569
Alcuin, and the schools of Charles the Great,
I 636
Aldan, river, xu 794
Aldea de Ponte, fight at (1811), ix 468
Aldemey, naval works at, xi 333
Alderson, Dr John, of Norwich, viii 764 sq.
Aldini, Antonio, Count, ix 84
Aldobrandini, Pietro, Cardinal, ni 419 ;
and Clement VIII, iv 667 ; friendly to-
wards France, 668
Silvestro, iv 666
papal nuncio in Spain (1724), vi
137
Aldringer, Johann, Count, Austrian Field-
Marshal, IV 72; Mantua taken by, 115;
at Erfurt, 206; Tilly reinforced by, 208;
210; at Leipzig, 219; 231; Feria and,
234; protection of Bavaria and, 238;
Emperor and, 239 sqq.; at Ratisbon,
244
Aldrovandus, Ulysses (Ulisse Aldrovandi
of Bologna), naturalist, v 736 ; 738
Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer, v 508
Aleander, Girolamo, Cardinal, Bector of
University of Paris, i 675 ; the Reforma-
tion and, 678; 686, 690; at the Diet of
Worms (1621), ii 139 sqq., 240; church
reform and, 379; 383, 643
Aleardi, Aleardo, Italian poet, xi 646 sq.;
649
Aleko Pasha. See Vogorides, Alexander
Aleksinats, battle at, xii 386
Alembert, Jean-Baptiste le Rond de. Ency-
clopaedist, VI 698; 825; vm 26
Alemtejo, awarded to Godoy, ix 302; the
Duke of Terceira in, x 333
AlenQon, Frott^ surrenders at, ix 14
Charles, Duke of, at Pavia, ii 51
Francis of Valois, Duke of. See
Anjou, Francis of Valois, Duke of
Margaret, Duchess of. See Margaret,
Queen of Navarre
Aleppo, trade of, i 32; Turkish victory at
(1516), 91 ; winter-quarters of Prussian
Army at, ni 121; Ibrahim Pasha enters
(1832), X 650; 663; revolt in (1834), 559
Aleria, John Andreas de Bossi, Bishop of,
I 558
Alesius (Alexander Aless), Scottish divine,
II 666
Alessandria, fall of (1499), i 121; claimed
by Francis I, iii 110; 400; French garri-
son at, V 415; VI 160; siege of, 161, 245,
608; fortress of, viii 564; occupied by
the French (1796), 567; surrenders (1799),
669; IX 61-2; retreat of Austrians to,
63; revolt at (1821), x 116; fortress of,
XI 366 sq. ; 371
Alet, canonry at, v 86
Nicolas Pavilion, Bishop of, v 84 sq.
Alexander III (Roland Bandinelli), Pope,
II 422
IV (Riualdo Conti), Pope, the Augus-
tinian Eremites and, ii 114
V (Pietro Philargi), Pope, i 268
VI (Rodrigo Borgia), Pope, i 105;
elected, 225 ; question of deposition of,
110; Savonarola and, 149, 177 sqq.;
allied with Naples, 227 sq. ; treats with
Charles VIII, 231 ; the Orsini and, 223 ;
allied with France, 124, 236-9 ; Church
reform and, 620 ; nepotism of, 234 ;
extravagant and splendid, 667; methods
of raising money used by, 669, 670, 672 ;
a pluralist, 659 ; death and character of,
126, 196, 241, II 1 sq. ; 400 ; the Spanish
Inquisition and, 660; prohibited books
and, 687 ; Bull of, in regard to the New
World, IV 728; 744
VII (Fabio Chigi), Pope, papal nunoio
at Munster, iv 402, 688; Charles X and,
582; V 76; 84
VIII (Pietro Ottobuoni), Pope, v 68
I, King of Poland, i 345
I, Tsar of Russia, vi 681 ; 696 ; vm
786 sq. ; IX 36 ; 49, 50, 93 ; reconciled with
England in Treaty of St Petersburg, 73 ;
champions the King of Sardinia, 79 ; 236 ;
relations of, with France, 245 ; 249 ; with
Austria, 248; 249 ; threatens the Prussian
Government, 250 ; 256 ; welcomed at
Potsdam, 266 ; Napoleon and, 269 ; at
Austerlitz, 261 ; relations of, with Prussia,
266; 272, 280-2, 287 ; with France, 269;
270-2, 283 ; with Turkey, 281 ; and the ne-
gotiations of Tilsit, 291 sqq., 296, 297 sq. ;
consequent relations of, with Britain and
Turkey, 304 sqq. ; 307 ; hesitates to com-
plete the Tilsit agreement, 308-13; and
Finland, 314; Napoleon's communica-
tions to, 316; policy of balance of, 317;
at Erfurt, 318 sqq., 325 ; 337 ; power of,
in Baltic lands, 340; 341; resists over-
tures of Prussia and Austria, 344 ; de-
clares war against Great Britain (1807),
366-7; yields to Napoleon, 374; 375;
offends Napoleon, 379 ; hesitating attack
of, on Turkey, 388 sq., 485 ; character
and policy of, 483-6, 670 ; refuses to treat
with Napoleon, 497 ; allies himself with
Prussia, 607, 612 sq. ; at Dresden, 623,
627 ; at Leipzig, 535 sq. ; at Frankfort,
542 sq. ; 646 ; and the Conference
of Ch&tillon, 648, 650; enters Paris,
556 ; and Talleyrand, 666 ; considers
216
General Index,
Napoleon's terms, 558 sq.; at the Congress
of Vienna, 580 sq., 653 sqq., 670 sq.;
and the slave-trade, 614, x 19 ; and
the Holy Alliance, ix 664 sq., x 9 sq. ;
and the Treaty of Tilsit, 3; and the
Quadruple AUiance (1815), 7 ; character
and policy of, 8 sq. ; and the Treaty of
Paris, 11; at Aix-la-Chapelle, 14-20;
and Austria's German policy, 22 sq. ;
change of opinions of, 23, 25, 27, 364
sq., 488 sq. ; at Troppau, 27-30, 438 ;
and the Turkish Question, 32 ; influenced
by Metternich, 34 ; and Spanish affairs,
35, 211, 222 sqq. ; hostile to France, 45 ;
and the Due de Richelieu, 47; 50;
favours the evacuation of France by the
Allies, 56; 69; 74; and Cardinal Con-
salvi, 141 ; and the Treaty of Bucharest,
169 ; and the disputes with the Porte,
175 ; and the Ionian Islands, 177 ; 179 ;
and the execution of Gregorios, 183 ;
199 ; and the Eastern Question, 187 sqq.;
at Czernovitz, 187 ; and the St Peters-
burg Conference, 188 ; 349 ; influence of,
upon the King of Prussia, 352 ; and
Stourdza's pamphlet, 864 ; and the
Germanic Federal constitution, 368; 370;
wars of, prior to 1815, 413 ; the military
colonies of, 415 sq. ; and the navy, 417 ;
and Jeremy Bentham, 418 ; and the
Senate, ih. ; and the Committee of
Ministers, 419 ; and provincial adminis-
tration, 420 ; and the prisons, 422 ; and
the Church, 424 ; dismisses Galitzin,
425 ; and the abolition of serfdom, 428 ;
and the secret societies, 482, 439 ; and
Finland, 434 sq. ; and the imperial
family, 436 ; and the succession to the
throne, 437; schemes of (1815-19),
437 sq. ; and Poland, 445 sq., 448 ; enters
Warsaw, 446 ; signs the Polish Constitu-
tion, ih. ; Concordat of, with Pius VII
(1818), 449; at the Diets at Warsaw,
450 sqq., 455 sq. ; and the Polish bishops,
452 ; and Polish secret societies, 453 sq. ;
458 ; and the Lithuanian provinces, 459,
464 ; and the Republic of Cracow, 460 ;
death of (1825), 190, 439; and Bern,
XI 236 ; 262 ; 264 sq. ; 268 ; 664 ; and
Charles XIV of Sweden, 681 sqq.; xii 729
Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, x 436 ; at
Warsaw, 458; visits England (1839), 558;
and the Crimean War, xi 323, 373 ; and
Austria, 402 ; and the King of Prussia,
434 ; and the Austro-Prussian War, 456 ;
attempts on the Hfe of, 484, 626, 630;
character of, 613 ; and the emancipation
of the serfs, 614 ; and the railway system,
619 ; and local government, 620 ; and
law reform, 622 sq. ; and national educa-
tion, 624; and the Press, 625; 627;
Asiatic policy of, 632 ; foreign policy of,
633 sq. ; and the Black Sea, 683 sq. ;
and the poet Odyniec, 658 ; and France,
XII 97 ; 138 ; at Berlin, 139, 141 ; and
Germany, 142 sqq. ; domestic policy of,
294 sqq. ; 304 ; and the Liberal demon-
strations, 306; plots against, 308;
assassination of, 310 sq. ; 314 ; 317 ; and
Finland, 334 ; and Servia, 386 ; and the
war with Turkey, 388 sq. ; and the Con-
gress of Berlin, 394 ; 398; 404; arbitrates
between Japan and Peru, 555
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia, xii 98 ; and
Germany, 162; 291; 311; character of,
312 ; 313 ; 315 sq. ; policy of, 322 ; 324 ;
and Finland, 334 ; and the Jews, 340 ;
foreign policy of, 341 ; and Bulgaria,
406, 409 ; and the Armenians, 416
King of Servia, xn 411 sqq.
Prince of Bulgaria, xii 163 ; 341 ;
rule of, 404 sqq. ; abdicates, 408 sq.
Prince, of the Netherlands, xii
244 sq.
Karageorgevich, Prince of Servia,
XII 413
Grand Duke. See Alexander I, Tsar
of Russia
Blasius, rv 38 ; leader among the
Grisons Prddikanten, 52 ; capture of, 55
Sir William. See Stirling, Earl of
Lord (son of E. of Stirling), settles in
Nova Scotia, vii 75
of Aphrodisia, commentator on
Aristotle, n 702
the Great, Asiatic conquests of, vi
606
of Hales, and the conception of the
Treasury of merits, ii 124 sq.
Alexandra, Queen of Great Britain, xi 338;
XII 409
Grand Duchess of Russia, ix 36-8, 41
Feodorovna (Princess Charlotte of
Prussia), Tsarina, consort of Nicholas I,
X 436
Alexandre, Charles-Louis, Revolutionary
leader, viii 228
Alexandretta, Turkish fleet at, x 550
Alexandria, captured (1798), viii 599 ; battle
outside (1801), 617 ; surrenders, 617 sq. ;
1x53; Nelson at, 220; British expedition
to (1807), 235, 368 ; force from Bombay
in, 734; Mehemet Ali at, x 551 sq.,
569; Turkish fleet at, 562, 567; 565;
Sir Charles Napier at (1840), 571; 572;
bombardment of, xii 40, 430 sq. ; 430 ;
British occupation of, 438 ; 455
(Virginia), attacked (1814), vii 344 ;
Federal troops at (1861), 464
Alexandroff, Ivan IV at, v 491
Alexandrovsk, fortress of, xi 273 ; mine laid
at, XII 308
Alex6yeff, Erghenyi Ivanovich, Admiral,
Russian Viceroy, xii 346; 376; 521; in
the Russo-Japanese War, 582 sq., 587,
596
Alexis Romanoff, Tsar of Russia, the
Cossacks and, iv 580 ; 581 ; in the Baltic
Provinces, 582 sq.; 584; Charles X and,
586-8; feud between Poland and, 591;
General Index,
217
position of, v 343 eq.; 503; the reign of,
504 sq. ; and the Patriarch Nikon, 606 sq.;
and ecclesiastical reforms, 508 sq. j 614 ;
the Code of, 515; 616; character of, 516
sq.; 518; laws of, xi 264
Alexis, Crown Prince of Russia, xn 346
Tsarevich, son of Peter the Great,
V 636 sqq.; death of, 542; 547
Wilibald. See Earing, Wilhelm
Alexius in, Emperor of the East, i 255
Alfieri, Giuseppina, Marchioness, xi 392
Count Vittorio, poet, yi 824; viii
778 sq.; ix 86 ; x 106 ; xi 649
'^— di Sostegno, Cesare, Marquis, Pied-
montese Minister of Education, xi 75;
79; and Italian Federation, 90; 92;
retires, 93
Alfonso V of Aragon, King of Naples, i
105, 660
II, King of Naples, i 105, 110, 114,
231
VI, King of Portugal, v 34; 105
XII, King of Spain, xi 669 sqq.; xn
257 sq.; 260; proclaimed, 262; reign of,
263
XIII, King of Spain, xn 257; birth
of, 264; marriage of, 266
II of Ferrara. See Ferrara, Dukes of
Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh. See
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Duke of
Algarve, awarded to Godoy, ix 302
Algeciras, naval actions at (1801), ix 64;
Freemasons of, x 215
Conference, xn 65, 98, 133, 242, 456
Algeria, France and, x 98 sq., 502 sqq.,
645, xn 96, 128 sq., 132, 658; the Queen
of Madagascar deported to, 131
Algiers, Charles V and the pirates of, n
68 sq., 76 sq., 242; Charles V retires
from, ni 112; 398, 399; Spanish expedi-
tion to, 420, 435 ; pirates of, 438 ; Spanish
and Italian expedition to, 541 ; Blake at,
IV 483 ; French fleet sent to, v 63 ; Spain
and, VI 374, 381; Venice and, 606;
Denmark and, 745; expedition to (1816),
IX 662; France and, xi 35; transporta-
tions to, 139 sq., 304
Algoa bay, Livingstone at, xn 808
Algonquins, i 34; origin of name, 44; vn
75 sq.
Aliaga, Father, and XJceda, iv 629 ; bribed,
632
Ali Alta, Bussian advance on, xi 630
Alicante, v 376; capture of (1709), 426
Alidosi, Francesco, Cardinal, i 136; 249 sq.
Aligre, Etienne-Franpois de, President of
the Parlement (1787), vin 106 sq.
Alikhanoff, General, in Georgia, xii 363
Alima river, exploration on, xn 812
Ali Masjid, British mission at, xn 469 sq.
Ali Murad, Chief of Khairpur, xi 737
Ali, Pasha of Drama, x 181 ; 185
Ali Pasha of Janina, ix 269 ; makes himself
independent in Albania, 386 ; x 172 sq. ;
the successes of, 176 ; claims Parga, 177 ;
deposed by the Sultan, t6.; death of,
178; 181; 547
Ali Pasha, Grand Vezir of Turkey, dies
(1665), in 125
Grand Vezir, superseded (1710), v
604
Alison, Sir Archibald, History of Europe,
xn 837
Ali Verdi Khan, Nawab of Bengal, vi 551
Aliwal (Punjab), battle of, xi 739
North (S. Africa), Treaty of, xi 787
Alkmaar, assault on, in 236 ; and the Act
of Seclusion, v 143; Convention con-
cluded at (1799), vin 662; Duke of York
capitulates at (1799), ix 41
AUaci, Leone, papal commissary, iv 82
Allahabad, vi 524 ; 663 ; ceded to the Mara-
thas, 668 ; 669 ; xi 748 ; proclamation at,
749
Allardin, Reformed minister at Emden, v 757
Alle river, and the campaign of 1807, ix
285, 287, 290
Alleghany mountains, and the Civil War,
VII 470
AU^gre, Ives de, French general in Italy,
I 117, 122 sq., 126, 129, 137
AUemand, Comte Zacharie Jacques-Theo-
dore, replaces Missiessy, ix 225 ; fails
to effect a junction with Villeneuve, 227;
returns to Rochefort, 234; sails for
Toulon, 237; replaces Willaumez, 238;
replaces Ganteaume, 239
AUemane, French socialist, xn 124 sq.
Allen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, mur-
dered, n 442
Samuel, governor of New Hampshire,
VII 31
Sir Thomas, naval commander, v
108; 180; 186; 190
William, Cardinal, m 285-9, 290,
350-1, 358, 436, 449
William, Quaker, visits Russian
prisons, x 422
William O'Meara, Fenian, xn 65
Allenstein, French army at, ix 285
Allerheim, French victory at, iv 390
Allgemeine Zeitung, xi 719
Allier, rising in, xi 137
Allion, de, French charge d'affaires in Russia,
VI 315
Allix, Jules, French politician, xi 602
All-Polish Review, xn 339
All Saints' Bay. See Bahia
Allstedt, success of Miinzer's preaching at,
n 186
Alma, battle of the, xi 317, 319, 364
Almada, captured by the Duke of Terceira
(1833), X 334
Almanza, battle of (1707), v 419
Almaraz, Cuesta's position near, ix 450,
452 ; seized by Wellesley (1809), 453 sq.
Almeida, siege of, vi 369 ; ix 303 ; garri-
soned by Junot, 440 ; taken by Mass6na
(1810), 459; 462; besieged by Wellington
(1811), 465; surrendered, 466; 468; 476
218
General Index.
Almeida, Don Francisco de, first Viceroy
of Portuguese India, i 31, v 696
Almenara, victory of Starhemberg at (1710),
V 428
Almonacid, Venegas beaten at (1809), ix
454, 455
Almoster, victory of Saldanha at (1834),
X 336
Alopa, Laurentius Francisci de, Italian
printer, i 562
Alost, negotiations at (1482), i 445; seized
by Spanish mutineers (1576), in 244 sq. ;
Archbishop Gebhard's victory at, 708
Alpujarras, Morisoo fastnesses in the, in
494
Alquier, Charles-Jean-Marie, French envoy
at Eome, ix 195; press to be controlled
by, 196
Alsace. See Elsass
Alsen, island of, taken by Charles X, iv
432; XI 161; captured by the Prussians
(1864), 442
Alsh, Loch, men-of-war in, vi 105
Altai mountains, xii 793 sq. ; exploration
in, 798 sq.
Altamira, Eafael, Spanish historian, xii
842
Alt-Breisach, ceded by France, v 436, 454
Altemps, Marc de (Count Marcus Sitticus
von Hohenems), Cardinal, Bishop of Con-
stance, at Council of Trent, ii 676, 682
Altenburg, peace negotiations opened at
(1809), IX 359; Schwarzenberg at, 533;
revolutionary movement at, xi 150
Altenkirchen, Jourclan repulsed at, viii 497
Altenstein, Karl von Stein zum, ix 332;
Prussian statesman, x 351; educational
system of, 355; 370; 372; 382
Althan, Count, vi 37
Althorp, Viscount. See Spencer, 3rd Earl
Althusius, A. Johann, of Herborn, in 765 ;
the Politics, 767 sq.
Altieri, Baldassare, tlie Italian Reformers
and, II 383
Altmark, truce of (1629), iv 115, 187, 193,
578
Alton, victory of Waller at, iv 315
Richard Alton, Count de, Austrian
general, vi 651 sq. ; vm 320, 328
Altona, Congress at (1687), v 579; Swedish
sack of (1713), 609; 612; 756; port of,
VI 737; 745 ; death of the Duke of Bruns-
wick at, IX 278; smuggling at, 378
Altoona (Pennsylvania), Convention at
(1862), vn 593
Altoviti, Antonio, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Florence, and Cosimo I, in 390
Altranstadt, Charles XII at, v 417, 697;
Peace of (1706), 695, 597
Altyn Tagh mountains, discovery of, xii
799
Alula, Ras, xii 240
Alut6, Empress of China, xii 501 sq.
Alva, Fadrique de Toledo, 2nd Duke of
(d. 1527), I 480
Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd
Duke of, defends Perpignan, ii 76 ;
Paul IV and, 91 sq.; 250, 261; 409;
invades papal territory, 545 ; defeats
Guise, 547 ; in 7 sqq., 132, 174, 190 sqq.,
208, 213 sqq., 271 sqq., 297, 302, 404,
410, 476 sqq. ; recalled to lead Spanish
army into Portugal, 500, 514 sqq., 705
Alvarez de Castro, Mariano, Spanish general,
Gerona held by, ix 454
Alvear, Supreme Director of the Argentine
Provinces, x 301
Alvensleben, Count Philip Charles von,
Prussian Minister, viii 288
Konstantin von, Prussian general,
XI 686; 690 sq.
Alvensleben-Erxleben, Count Albert von,
Prussian statesman, xi 167 sq.; 192; 199;
at the Dresden Conference, 233 ; mission
of, to St Petersburg, 434
Alverstone, Richard Everard Webster, Lord,
Lord Chief Justice of England, xii 617
Alviano,Bartolommeo de(Venetian general),
I 131 sq., 197
Alvintzy, Baron Joseph von Barberek,
Austrian Field-marshal, viii 435, 679 sq.
Alvite, Spanish success at, vi 369
Alxinger, Johann Baptist von, Austrian
poet, VIII 776
Amadeo I, King of Spain (Duke of Aosta),
XI 570 sqq.; xn 257; 259 sq.
Amadis of Gaul, Spanish romance, i 381
Amalia, Queen of Greece, xi 279
Prussian Princess, vi 281
von Solms, Princess of Orange.
See Orange
Amalfi, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of,
II 390
Amanvilliers, French army corps at, xi
592; 593
Amar, J.-P.-Andr6, French politician,
vni 350, 385
Amaral, General, Governor of Macao, xn
507
Amarante, Count of, x 316
Amari, Michele, Italian historian, xi 548;
XII 842
Amasia, Treaty at (1555), between Turks
and Persians, iii 122; Morier at, xn
800
Amat, Cardinal-Legate at Ravenna, x 166
Amazon river, trade on, iv 709; Portugal
and, V 448, 679; Jesuits on, 683, vi
386; 389 sq. ; unexplored regions on,
xn 814
Ambala, British forces at, xi 738
Amberg, Christian of Anhalt at, in 717 ;
French troops in, vi 232; Jourdan re-
pulsed at (1796), vni 497
Amberger Handel, in 713
Ambleteuse (Newhaven), captured by the
French (1549), n 493
Amboina, Dutch trade at, in 638, 644;
"massacre" at, iv 87, 713, 738 sqq.,
756, V 138, 697, vn 22; taken by the
General Index,
219
Dutch (1605), IV 733, 736; agreement of
June 1619 and, 737 ; forts in, 742 ; cap-
ture of (1796), VIII 484, ix 750, (1810),
240
Amboise, Tumult of (1660), ii 297, 576 sq.,
III 265; Edict of (1663), ii 584, in 6
Charles de, Seigneur de Chaumont,
I 123, 129, 135 sq.
Georges de, Cardinal of Rouen, i 123,
129, 245, 388, 415
Ambras, Castle of, Cardinal Elesl at the,
IV 22
Ambriz, slavery abolished at, xi 575
Ambrogini, Angelo. See Politian
Ambrosius, St, writings of, revised by
Sixtus V, III 426, 445
Ambur, battle of, vi 539
Amegial, battle of (1663), v 84, 105
Amelia, Princess, of Great Britain, death
of, IX 689
Amelot de Chaillou, Jean-Jacques, French
statesman, vi 109 sq. ; 156 ; 159 ; 239
Amelot, Sebastien-Michel, French Minister
of the Household, viii 87 sq.
America {General mention: see also Central^
North, South and the various States,
especially the United States and Canada),
Colombo and the discovery of, i 21-4,
618; the Cabots and, 34-5; Magalhaes
and, 36; exploration of, by Verazzano,
ib., 43; influence of discovery of, 43,
47 sq. , 56, 62, 65, 518, vii 1 ; treasure
sent from, i 43, 46, 618; Cartier ex-
plores, 44; Huguenot settlements in,
48 sqq. ; English in, 50 sqq. , 56 ;
Montaigne and, 58 sqq., 63; Catholic
Church in, 60 sqq.; Bacon and, 63 sqq.;
European capitalists and, 518; partition
of, IV 747; the European Powers in, vi
61 sqq., 69; Wesley in, 82, 86; White-
field in, 83 sq.; 157; colonisation in, 183
sqq., 189; 340; 344; Spanish successes
in, 377; 383; British policy in, 432 sq.,
436 ; 491 ; Ireland and the war in, 495 ;
the Jesuits in, 590 sq. ; influence of, on
the French Revolution, viii Isq., 727 sq.;
French possessions in, 80; British trade
with, IX 71; cotton imported from, 125;
the Irish in, xii 70; the Clan-na-Gael in,
75 sqq.; Parnell in, 77; Swedish emigra-
tion to, 279
Central, and the United States,
VII 649, 656; xii 1, 6; the Republics of.
Chap. XXI
North, English colonisation in, iv
747 sq., V 685 sq., (1607-1700), Vol. vii.
Chap. I, (1700-63), Chap, ii ; French
in, V 57, 438, 442, 648 sq., vi 172, 299,
327, 331, Vol. vn. Chap, in; English
and Dutch in, iv 749, v 108 ; conflict of
French and English in, vi 332, 410 sqq..
Vol. VII, Chap. IV ; Pitt's policy in, vi
414 sq. ; withdrawal of France from, 422 ;
quarrel of the English colonies of, with
Great Britain, vi 438 sq., 446 sq.. Vol. vn,
Chap. V ; independence of, declared, vi 448,
VII 174, 208 ; legal relations between Great
Britain and. Chap, vi ; War of Indepen-
dence in, Chap, vii ; and France, viii 73,
77, 91 sqq. ; constitution of the United
States of (1776-89), Chap, vni; trade
with, X 759 sqq. ; emigration to, 762,
xii 63, 168 ; XI 16 ; trade of, with Bremen,
54 ; French exiles in, 140 ; Confederate
States of, 248 ; Russian policy in, 632 ;
British North America, 765, 770 sq.; xii
2; historical study in, 841. See also
United States, Canada
America, South, English schemes of coloni-
sation in, IV 754 sq. ; v 107; Portuguese
in, 372, 674 sqq. ; Spanish colonisation
in, 680 sqq. ; 693 ; the South Sea Com-
pany and, VI 177 sq., 181; 374; 471;
trade of, vn 327; Republics of, and the
United States, 366 sqq., 649 ; xn 1, 6
(Spanish), bullion from, in 481;
Spanish trade with, 492, 496 ; possessions
of Philip of Spain in, 600 ; Spanish ex-
ports to, 512 ; slave-trade to, v 403, 445,
455; illicit trade with, vi 64 sq.; 158;
South Sea Company and, 177 sq. ; 343 ;
361; Jesuits expelled from, 372; 475;
under Spanish rule, Vol. x. Chap, viii
passim ; establishment of independence
in. Chap, ix passim, 31, 34, 38 ; 19 ; and
the Congress of Verona, 33 sq. ; 186 ;
and Great Britain, 212; revolutionary
agents from, 213; and the United States,
ib.; foreign trade with, 586, 761
Amersfoort, Oldenbarneveldt born at (1547),
ni 624 ; captured by de Berg (1629), iv
693
Amherst, Jeffrey Amherst, Lord, Field-
marshal, VI 426 ; VII 97, 132 sqq. ; ex-
pedition of, to Montreal, 137, 139, 141
sqq.
of Arracan, William Pitt Amherst,
Baron Amherst of Montreal, Earl, retires
from Sicily, ix 383 ; Governor- General of
India, xi727; 729; embassy of, to Peking,
803
Amicable Grant, English (1525), n 425,
abandoned, ib.
Amidas, Captain Philip, in Virginia, vn 3
Amiens, taken and lost by Spaniards,
m 522 ; fall of, 629 ; submission of, to
Henry IV, 663, 666 ; taken by Spaniards,
671-2 ; taken by Henry IV, 673 ; Biron
at, 679 ; xi 601 ; 603 ; German occupation
of, 606; 607; 610
Treaties at, between Francis I and
Henry VIII (1527), n 428; Peace of
(1802), v 444, VI 549, ix 18, 19, 76 sqq.,
90 sq., 187, 269, 321; rupture of, 28, 122,
124, 244, 270, 752 ; and trade, 90, 242,
363 ; and Switzerland, 101 ; and Turkey,
386 ; and Malta, 604, 752 ; and Ireland,
706
Fran9ois Lef^vre de Caumartin,
Bishop of, V 756
220
General Index.
Amiens, Jean-Pierre de Gallien de Chalons,
Bishop of, X 85
Amigues, Jales, French journalist, xn 94
Amio, Domenico de, executes statue of
Leo X, n 13
Amir Khan, founder of the Tonk State,
XI 725 sq.
Ammirato, Scipione (the younger), Floren-
tine historian, i 200; in 394; 457
Amnesty Association, in Ireland, xii 73
Amoravieta, Convention concluded at, xii
260
Amouroux, Charles, French politician, xi
602
Amoy, capture of, xi 809
Ampere, Jean-Jacques, x 101
Ampfing, retreat of Grenier from, ix 67
Ampringen, Caspar von. Governor of
Hungary, v 352 sq.; 357
Ampthill, Odo W. L. Eussell, Lord (Lord
Odo Eussell), xii 28; 97; 139
Ampudia, Pedro de, Mexican general, vn
394, 396
Amsdorf, Nicholas. See Naumhurg, Bishop
of
Amsterdam, commercial rise of, x 459 ; in
250; Separatist congregations formed at,
346; corn trade in, 620, 631; East India
trade with, 632-3, 640 sqq. ; interests of,
IV 466 sq. ; threatened by de Berg, 693 ;
difficulties of Frederick Henry with, 694,
699, 724; Chamber of, 709; Academy
founded at, 717 ; 718 sqq. ; Spinoza
born at, 722; William II and, 725 sq.;
V 43 ; peace party in, 164 sq. ; 199 ; Bank
of, 266 sqq., vi 169, x 746; v 270; 420;
Peter the Great in, 525, 612; Russian
printing at, 529; Treaty of (1717), 613,
VI 28; and the American Congress, 448
sq. ; flight of Independents to (1593), vii
12; Republicans in, viii287; surrenders
(1787), 323; French troops in (1795),
436 ; French ambassador in, ix 371 ;
Napoleon and, 416, 417; risings in
(1813), X 517; assembly of notables at,
618; discontent in, 533; and European
finance, 728, 742 sq. ; 745 ; and the
Eastern trade, 761; socialism in, xn 248;
249
Amu Daria river, Russian expedition to,
v 544
Amundsen, Roald, makes the North-West
passage, xn 815
Amur, Russian advances in, xi 272 sq.
river, Chinese drowned in, xn 521;
Japanese force on, 600; 792; 794 sqq.
Amurath III, Sultan, m 91 sqq. ; truce
between Stephen Bathory and, 101 ; mis-
sion of William Harborne to the Court
of, IV 729
Amyot, Jacques, Bishop of Auxerre. See
Auxerre
Anabaptists, and their relation to the other
Reformers, i 686; in the Netherlands,
n 103 ; rise of, in Germany, 166 sqq. ;
the movement of, at Munster, 222 sqq. ;
Swiss, and Zwingli, 319 ; a radical
rather than doctrinal movement, 323 sq. ;
and Lutheranism and Calvinism, 715;
theocratic ideas of, iii 740 sq., 756 sq.;
English, V 100; 326
Anadyr river, xii 794
Anagni, captured by Colonna (1626), ii 63
Anahuac, the Indians of, x 260 sq.
Anapa, acquired by Russia, x 202, 444,
XI 274
Anastasia Romano va, Tsaritsa, v 495
Anastro, Gaspar, in 255
Anatolia, Ibrahim Pasha in (1833), x 553 ;
Reshid Pasha in, 569 sq.
Anatolian railway. The, xn 170
Ancel, Guillaume, French ambassador in
Germany, iii 671
Anchialos, Greek quarter in, destroyed,
XII 426
Ancillon, Johann Peter Friedrich, Prussian
Minister, x 350 sq.; 376
Anckarstrom, Jakob Johan, assassinates
Gustavus III, VI 784
Anckarsvard, Baron, Swedish politician,
XI 685
Anc6n, Peace of, xn 679
Ancona, death of Pius II at, i 79; trade
with, in 131, 393, 438, vi 606; French
garrison in, viii 573, 633, 636; Napoleon
at, 695; surrenders (1799), 663; des-
patches captured at, ix 40; capitulation
of (1798), 41; 63; restored to the Pope,
189 ; occupied by Saint-Cyr, 193 ; seizure
of Papal revenues in, 195; 203; March
of, annexed by Napoleon (1808), 400;
occupied by Austrians, x 150; occupied
by French troops (1832), 155 sq., 488;
troops withdrawn (1838), 506; xi 71;
capitulates (1860), 389
Ancrum Moor, victory of Scots at (1545),
n 460
Andalusia, Isabella in (1477), i 354; ex-
posed to Barbarossa's attacks, in 110;
Moors expelled from, 494; Philip's troops
ready in, 500 ; the Duke of Medina
Sidonia and, iv 652 sq.; evacuated by
French, v 416 ; colonisation of, vi 383 ;
IX 430; 431; Spanish army in, 435, 437
sq., 450; Napoleon's projected invasion
of, 447 ; occupied by French (1809-10),
456; Soult in, 457, 469; re-occupied by
Spanish, 473 ; French evacuate (1812),
475; revolt of troops in, x 220; French
in (1823), 228, (1810), 285; xi 657;
harsh measures in, 566; brigandage in,
xn 259; 261; 267
Andaman Islands, Lord Mayo assassinated
in, xn 463
Andelot, Fran<?ois de. See D'Andelot
Andermatt, Swiss general, ix 100
Andemach, captured by French, vin
437
Andersen, Hans Christian, xi 699
Jens. See Odense, Bishops of
General Index,
221
Anderson, Bobert, defends Fort Sumter
(1860-1), VII 446 sq., 450; 461 sqq.; 545
William, British oflBcer in India, xi
740
Andes, Bolivar crosses the, x 294
Andigne, Chouan leader, ix 2; 3, 13
Andkhui, travellers at, xii 800 sq.
Ando, Japanese statesman, xi 844
Andover, James II at, v 247
Andrada, Jo86 Bonifacio de, and the in-
dependence of Brazil, x 314 sq. ; 817 sq. ;
guardian of Pedro II, 325
Martin Francisco de, Brazilian
statesman, x 315; 317 sq.
Andrade, Gomez Freire de, Portuguese
general, x 312
Andral, Gabriel, physician to the Court of
Naples, IX 571
Andrassy, Count Julius, Hungarian states-
man, XI 214; 400; and Bismarck, xii
144; and Hungary, 183 sq. ; 188 sq. ;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 190 sq. ; and
the Austro-German alliance, 192; 383;
at the Congress of Berlin, 394, 396
Count Julius, the younger, xii 205
sqq. ; 210
Andr6, John, vii 217, 226
de Puyraveau, French deputy, x 476:
491
Andrea, Girolamo di. Cardinal, xi 392
Fr4, of Ferrara, Lutheran, ii 380
Andreae, Jacob, iii 704
Laurentius (Lars Andersson), ii 624,
628
Andr6e, Salomon August, Polar expedition
of, xii 795
Andrelini, Fausto, and the Julius Exclusus,
It 9
Andr6ossi, Comte Antoine-Frangois de, in
^gypti viii 616; ambassador to London,
IX 102; 244
Andrew, Archduke, iii 535
Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester,
and religious controversy, iv 268
Andriani, General, defends Sagunto, ix 470
Andrieux, Fran<?ois-Guillaume-Jean-Stanis-
las, IX 153
Andros, Colonel Sir Edmund, colonial
governor, vii 28 sqq., 42 sqq., 47, 64
Andrusovo, Treaty of (1667), v 505
Andujar, Dupont retreats to (1808), ix
437
Anethan, Baron Jules Joseph de, Belgian
statesman, xi 674; xii 250
Angelico, Fr4, i 168, 647
Angennes, Claude de. Bishop of Le Mans.
See Le Mans
Angermannus, Abraham, Archbishop of
Upsala. See Upsala
Angers, seized by Huguenots, iii 41; gift to
Mary de' Medici of, iv 126 ; feudal courts
in, vui 49 ; cavalry school at, 446 ;
d'H^douville at, ix 3
Anghera, Peter Martyr of, historian, the
Decades, i 53; 248, 379
Angiolillo, Michael, murders Cinovas, xii
268
Anglesey, Sir Henry William Paget, Mar-
quis of (Earl of Uxbridge), General,
brilliant feat of, at Benavente, ix 445;
charge of, at Genappe, 630; Viceroy of
Ireland, x 648 ; 650 sq. ; and reforms in
Ireland, 657; 663
Angola, taken by the Dutch, iv 752;
Brandenburg trade with, v 647; Portu-
guese in, XI 575, xii 3,657, 663, 808; 811
Angostura, Bolivar captures, x 293 sq.
Angouleme, negotiations between Louis XIII
and Queen-Mother at, iv 126
Charles d'Orl^ans, Count of (d. 1496),
I 393
Charles d'0rl6ans, Duke of, ii 70, 72
Charles de Valois (bastard son of
Charles IX, King of France, Comte
d'Auvergne, 1691-1619), Duke of, plots
against Henry IV, in 672, 679 sq. ; heads
an embassy to Saxony (1620), iv 34
Diana of. See Montmorency
Francis, Count of. See Francis I,
King of France
Louis de Valois, Comte d'Alais, Duke
of, IV 611; 614; Mercoeur and, 618
Louis-Antoine de Bourbon, Due de,
proclaimed Prince Eegent at Bordeaux,
IX 481 ; in Bordeaux, 555 ; and the
Ministry of Louis XVIII, 566; 568; at
Nlmes, 617; enters Spain with a French
army (1823), x 36; 46; in Spain, 80,
228, 230; return of, 80
Louise of Savoy, Duchess of, ii 46,
52, 59, 97, 123, 423
Marie- Th6r^se-Charlotte, Duchesse
de, welcome of, in Paris, ix 562 ; suspicions
against, 572 ; at Bordeaux, 617 ; x 62
Bastard of. Grand Prior of Malta
(son of Henry II), iii 19
Ant. Charles Coueseau, Bishop of,
XI 473
Angra, garrison of, x 323 sq.; English mer-
cenaries at, 327
Pequena, acquired by Germany, xii
41 ; 160 sq.
Angria, admiral of the Maratha fleet, vi
631
Angrogne (Piedmont), Conference of Wal-
denses at (1532), n 289
Anguilla, colonised by the English, v 687
Anguillara, sale of, to Virginio Orsini,
I 110; recovered by Alexander VI, 233
Giovanni Andrea della, the Meta-
morphoses, III 471
Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of,
marriage of, with Margaret Tudor, i 485 ;
II 453 sqq., 560
William Douglas, 10th Earl of, in
551
Anhalt, sufferings of the principality of,
IV 418
House of. III 704, 712, 715, 725;
Gustavus Adolphus and, iv 207; v 618
14
222
General Index,
Anhalt-Bernburg, revolutionary movement
in, XI 150
extinction of House of, x 343
Alexander Karl, Duke of, xi 150
Alexius, Duke of, x 373
Anne, Princess of (Countess Anne of
Bentheim), iii 717
. Prince Christian I of, iii 712, 717,
719 ; negotiations of, 721-6 ; 730-2, 734 ;
diplomatic efforts of, iv 1; the guiding
spirit of the Palatine clique, 12 ; 16 sqq. ;
and the Elector Palatine, 29, 33; with
Mansfeld, 64; and the battle of Prague,
65 sq.; 68; the "Chancery" of, 3,
69 sq. ; end of political importance of, 71
Prince Christian, the younger, iv
65 sq.
Anhalt-Dessau, and the Germanic Con-
federation, X 344
John George I, Duke of, m 717
■ Leopold, Duke of, x 373
Leopold IV, Duke of, xi 150
Prince Leopold of, vi 206 sq. ; 210 ;
213; 215 sq.; 244
Prince Moritz of, vi 262; 268; 284,
286; 289
Anhalt-Kothen, revolutionary movement in,
XI 150
extinction of House of, x 343
Ferdinand, Duke of, and the Prus-
sian tariff treaty, x 372 sq.
Wolfgang, Prince of, ii 196, 205,
215
Anhalt-Zerbst, Prince Christian August of,
VI 657
Princess Elizabeth of, vi 316 ; 657 sqq.
Princess Sophia Augusta Frederica
of. See Catharine II, Tsarina
Anhausen, Protestant Union founded at
(1608), III 725
Anholt, island of, seized (1809), ix 236
Johann Jakob, Freiherr von, after-
wards Count of, Tilly's lieutenant, iv 79,
85; 162
Anhui, disturbances in, xii 517
Aniello, Tommaso (Masaniello), heads in-
surrection in Naples, iv 657 sq. ; death
of, ih.
Anjala, VI 778; 780; confederation of, 782
Anjou, annexed to the French Crown, i
396; the League in, iii 663; customs of,
V 13; scarcity in, vi 162
House of, I 396
Charles, Count of. King of Sicily,
III 464 sq.
Francis of Valois, Duke of Alen<?on,
Duke of, and the marriage with Queen
Elizabeth, iii 17 sq., 238 ; and the Nether-
lands, 249, 252 sq. ; inaugurated Duke
of Brabant, 254-8, 501 sq. ; 669; death
of, 288, 617
Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, Duke of. See
Orleans
Henry of Valois, Duke of. See
Henry III, King of France
Anjou, Louis I, Duke of, i 108
Louis III, Duke of, i 108
Philip, Duke of. See Philip V, King
of Spain
Ren^, Duke of. King of Naples, etc.,
I 108, 396
Anna, Anne, St, the cult of, in Germany,
II 107, 114
Anna, Anne: —
Empress, consort of Matthias, iv 1 ;
death of, 25
(of Hungary and Bohemia) , Empress,
consort of Ferdinand I, i 318; n 198
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,
party government under. Vol. v, Chap.
XV ; 63; 211; marriage of, 230; 247;
262; and the Act of Settlement, 275; and
the Union, 297 sqq.; and the peace
negotiations, 417, 430; and Marlborough,
428; 429; 441; 451; iUness and death
of, 459 sq., 610; vi6; and the succession,
8, 10 sqq.; illness of, 15 ; death of, 17 sq. ,
and the Scottish peers, 93 ; and the Union;
96; 97; 815 sq.
(Boleyn), Queen of England, second
consort of Henry VIII, marriage of, n
67 ; 429 sqq., 439 sqq.; trial and execution
of, 445
■ (of Cleves), Queen of England, fourth
consort of Henry VIII, ii 237, 239, 450
sq.
(of Denmark), Queen of England,
consort of James I, iii 551; estranged
from the Protestant faith, iv 89
• (of Austria), Queen of France (Infanta),
consort of Louis XIII, in 538 ; 547, 684 ;
marriage of, iv 119; Richelieu Grand
Almoner to, 123 ; relations of Chateauneuf
Vv'ith, 142 ; former adherents of, 596 ;
Mazarin and, 597, 608 sq., 702; Anne di
Gonzaga and, 610 ; affronted by Cond6,
612; 614 sq.. Regency of, 593, 659; the
marriage of Louis XIV and, 660; v 72;
376 sq.
Duchess of Britanny, Queen of France,
consort of Charles VIII and Louis XII,
Maximilian and, i 302, 395, 450; Charles
VIII marries, 111, 450, 467; Louis XII
and, 483; Henry VII and, 466; death of,
483
Queen of Holland, consort of Wil-
liam II, XI 664
(de Candale), Queen of Hungary, con-
sort of Wladislav II, i 336
■ (Korolewna), Queen of Poland, iii
87-9, 97 ; crowned with Stephen Bathory
(1576), 99
(of Styria), Queen of Poland, consort
of Sigismund III, iii 699, 714
Tsarina of Russia, v 556 sq. ; vi 195 ;
and Poland, 196 sq. ; reign of, 301 sqq. ;
312 sq.; 665; 672; 760; death of, 228,
309
Tsaritsa of Russia, consort of Vladimir,
V 483
General Index,
223
Anna, Anne, contd. : —
(of Austria), Queen of Spain, fourth
consort of Philip II, marriage of, m 175,
177; intercession of, 227 sq.; death of,
490, 500, 699
Duchess of Bavaria, vi 229
de Beaujeu. See Bourbon
Feodorovna (of Coburg), consort of
the Tsarevich Constantine, x 436
Grand Duchess of Russia, Napoleon
the suitor of, ix 486
Leopoldovna. See Brunswick- Wolfen-
biittel, Princess of
(of Egmont), first wife of William of
Orange. See Orange
(of Saxony), second wife of William
of Orange. See Orange
Petrovna or Tsesarevna. See
Holstein-Gottorp, Anne, Duchess of
Annam, China and, xi 802; affairs in
(1787-1902), xn 623 sqq. ; France and,
4, 131 sq.; 536
Annapolis (Maryland), Convention at (1786),
VII 244, 312, 314
(Nova Scotia), settlement at, vii
71 sq., Ill; destroyed (1613), 72; 75;
recovered, 89 ; taken by Sidgwick (1654),
111; destroyed (1704), 112
Basin, Nova Scotia, American fishing
vessel seized in, vii 659
Annebaut, Claude de, baron de Eetz,
admiral and marshal of France (d. 1552) ,
n 78, 97, 460; Venetian mission of,
III 115; dismissed by Seigniory, 116
Annepy, Charles Emmanuel at, iii 420;
added to France, ix 564, 576
Annenkoff, Michael, Russian general, xi
629; and the Samarkand railway, xir
343
Annesley Bay, expedition to, xi 753
Annone, capture of, by French (1499), i
121
Annunzio, Gabriele di, xii 13
Anrep, von, Russian politician, xii 376
Ansbach, re-united to Baireuth, v 622 ;
margravate of, vi 633; 704; principality
of, reverts to Prussia (1792), viii 530;
proposed cession of, to Austria, 534 ;
French army marches through, ix 255,
256; cession of, to Bavaria, 262, 264,
265, 267, 656
Margraves, etc. of. See Braudenburg-
Ansbach
Anselme, Jacques-B. -M. de, French general,
VIII 437
Provencal adventurer, in 408
Anson, George Anson, Ist Viscount, vi 75 ;
248; 250; First Lord of the Admiralty,
419; 424; death of, 427; x 273
George, General, in India, xi 746
Anstett, Baron Hans P., Russian diploma-
tist at the Congress of Vienna, ix 586
Anstruther, Sir Robert, iv 89
Antananarivo, French troops at, xii 130
Antarctic, expeditions to the, xn 815
Antella, Lamberto della, betrays Medicean
conspiracy, i 175
Antibes, the Young Pretender at, vi 110;
150; 159 sq.
Anticosti, placed under Newfoundland
government, x 685
Anti-Erasmistas, in Spain, ii 401
Antietam, battle of (1862), vn 481 sqq.,
691
Anti-Eugeniani, secret society, in Milan,
X 111
Antigua captured by the French, v 110;
687; VI 454; cotton-growing in, xn 654
Anti-Jacobin, The, x 580, 700
Antilles, British successes in, vi 421 ; French
colonial expedition to, ix 80; Missiessy
sails for, 221; administration of, x 248;
257; Spanish trade with, 275
Anti-Martinists, in 344
Anti-Masons, vn 379
Antiparos surrendered by Venice to Turks,
in 116
Antivari, captured by Montenegrins, xn
390; 392; Treaty of Berlin and, 396sq.j
414
bay of, XII 427 sq.
Antoine, Franpois-P.-N., member of the
Directory of Insurrection, viii 232
Antologia, Italian review, x 128
Antonelle, Pierre-Antoine, Marquis de, viii
504
AntoneUi, Count, xn 240
Giacomo, Cardinal, papal Secretary
of State, X 156 ; xi 93 ; Napoleon III and,
128; 378; 389; 392; character of, 705;
709 ; 712; and the dogma of Infallibility,
722
Antonino (St). See Florence, Archbishops of
Antonio, Don, of Portugal, ni 34 ; Enghsh
expedition for, 317 sq.; vicissitudes of,
500 sq., 511
Antonius, Lutheran preacher in Norway,
n 618
Antonovich, Ivan, claimant to the Russian
throne, vi 660; 680
Antony (Antoine) of Bourbon (King-consort
of Navarre). See Bourbon
King of Saxony, x 374
Antraigues, Emmanuel -Louis -Henri de
Launay, Comte de, vcii 509; 511
Antrim, English Colony in, m 601; the
Steelboys in, vi 491
Alexander Macdonnell, 3rd Earl of,
v 307
Randal MacDonnell, 2nd Earl and
1st Marquis of, taken prisoner in Ulster,
IV 316; promises to attack Argyll, 620;
army and, 522; transports Irish troops
into Scotland, 527
Antung, XII 511; Boxers at, 619; 683 sq.
Antwerp, commercial rise and importance
of, I 429, 459, 507 sqq. ; Anjou's attempt
on. III 35; Calvinists in, 206; Icono-
clastic riot in, 208; William of Orange
at, 211 ; Act of amnesty at, 227 ; " Spanish
14—2
224
General Index,
Pury" at, 245-6, 498; Spaniards ex-
pelled from, 248; States General at, 249;
Thanksgiving service at (1582), 255 ;
*• French Fury" at, 256 ; remains faithful
to William of Orange, 257-8; Philip TL
at, 480 ; bullion landed at, 493 ; crowning
of Anjou as Duke of Brabant at, 502;
threatened by Maurice of Nassau, 538;
Peace negotiations transferred to, 540;
truce signed at (1609), 658, 642; taken by
Parma, 618-9; trade of, 630, 640 ; v 199 ;
407; 457; surrenders to Marlborough
(1706), 416; conference at (1713), 458 sq.;
siege of, vi 246; 247; 641; and the
navigation of the Scheldt, 642 ; 644 sqq. ;
disturbances in, 651; defences of, viii
281; seminary at, closed, 327; 418;
Council of Allies at (1793), 429; Pichegru
captures (1794), 436; port improvements
at, IX 120 ; and the Walcheren expedition,
358; prosperity of, x 522, 533; Prince
of Orange at (1830), 535, 537; plots at,
539; siege of (1832), 543; 759; the
Regulation of, xi 672 ; port of, ih. ;
674
Anwar-ud-din, Nawab of the Camatio, vi
, 539
Anyos, Paul, Hungarian poet, xi 422
Anzengruber, Ludwig, Austrian novelist
and dramatist, xi 412; 415; 420
Anziuo, Canon, xii 216
Aosta, occupied by Lanneo (1800), ix 60
Duke of. Ste Amadeo I, King of
Spain
Aoust, Eustache de, French commander,
VIII 439
Apa Sahib, Mar;itha chief, xi 725
Apaffy, Michael, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Apia, German aggression at (1885), vii
662
Apocrypha, early printed editions of the,
I 613
Apodaca, Juan Ruiz de, Viceroy of
Mexico, X 304
Apolda, Davout marches on, ix 276 ; Berna-
dotte at, 277
Apologia of William of Orange, in 191, 251,
253, 254
Apologie for Poetrie, Sir P. Sidney's, in
366, 372
Apologists, Greek (Athenagoras, Justin
Martyr, Tatian, Theophilus, Clement of
Alexandria, Eusebius of Cesarea.Irenaeus,
Origen), early printed editions of, i 615-6
Latin (Lactantius, Arnobius, Minucius
Felix), early printed editions of, i 617
Aportanus, Georgius. See Dare, Jurien
van der
Apostolato popolare, x 106
Apostolic Fathers (Barnabas, Clement,
Ignatius, Polycarp, etc.), early printed
copies of, I 614-5
Apostolicum Pascendi^ Bull of Clement XIII,
VI 593
Appenzell, joins the Swiss confederacy
(1513), I 308 ; Canton of, xi 244 ; 248 ;
250 sq.
Appleby, Jacobite force at, vi 101
Appomattox, surrender of Lee at (1865),
VII 452, 541 sq. ; capture of provisions at,
540
Apponyi, Count Albert, xn 204 sq. ; 209
Anton Rudolf, Count, at Rome, x 139;
at Paris, 495
Count George, xi 152
Aprakin, Stephen, Count, Field-marshal,
Russian Commander-in-chief, vi 264 ;
266 ; 277 ; 322
Apraksin, Fedor Matveievitch, Russian
admiral, v 601 sq. ; 613
Apsley, Lord. See Bathurst, 2nd Earl
Apu-Capac-Incas, " headchiefs " of the
Peruvians, i 45
Apukhtin, Curator of Education in Poland,
XII 336
Apulia, Barbarossa descends upon, iii 112;
grazing rights on the tavoliere of, ix 406
Apulian aqueduct, xii 238
Aquaviva, Cardinal, Spanish protector at
the Vatican, vi 110
Aquednok (Rhode Island), settlement of,
VII 20, 23 sq.
Aquila, Alvaro de la Quadra, Bishop of,
Spanish ambassador in England, ii 563,
582 sq. ; in 265, 480, 590
Aquileia, patriarchate of, vi 606 ; regained
by Austria, ix 660
Niccold Donato, Archbishop of, i 657
Aquinas, St Thomas, influence of, in the
Netherlands, i 627 ; n 125, 127 ; influ-
ence of. III 740, 749 ; his Summa, 766 ;
XI 718
Aquisgran, Treaty of, vi 363 ; 366
Aquitaine, Charles, Duke of Normandy
and Berry, Duke of, brother of Louis XI,
I 389 sq., 393
Arabi, Ahmad, Pasha, xn 40 ; 240 ; War
Minister in Egypt, 436 sqq. ; 441
Arabia, importance of, in trade, i 28 ; the
Ottomans conquer, 91; Wahabites masters
of, IX 385 ; their successes in, 387; British
India and, xi 753 ; Turkey and, xn 4
Arabian Sea, pirates in, vi 531
Arabs (Spanish), translations of, in 546
Arad, fortress of, xi 184 ; Hungarian
Government at, 210 sqq. ; military execu-
tions ('/the Arad Martyrs ") at, 214
Arago, Etienne, French politician, xi 99
Franpois-Jean-Dominique, ix 133 ;
X 499 ; XI 26 ; 102 ; Minister of Marine,
104; 118; 124; xn 782
Francois- Victor-Emmanuel, French
politician, xi 600
Aragon, constitution of, i 350 sq., 353;
claim of, on Naples, in 465 ; Cortes of,
485, 513-4 ; conflict with Philip II, 488,
496, 516-7; Inquisition in, 488, 514;
judicial system of, 613 sqq. ; flight of
Perez to, 515; Parliament of, iv 643;
General Index.
225
Los Velez in, 648 ; Philip IV and, 650,
652 sq., 654, 658 ; v 419 ; invaded by the
Allies (1710), 428 ; vi 136 ; disaffection
in, 145 ; canal of, 383 ; insurrection in
(1808), IX 436, 438; French operations
in, 447, 454, 457; Carlist forces in (1837),
X 239 sq. ; clerical influence in, xii 258
Arakan, xi 727 ; ceded to Great Britain,
728 ; 729 ; lost by Burma, xii 479
Arakcheieff, Count Alexei A., Russian
general and statesman, ix 35 ; 49, 50 ;
Minister for War, 314; influence of, in
Bussia, 483 ; 484, 487 ; x 416 ; supports
Archbishop Seraphim, 425 ; oppressive
rule of, 427; 428; 437
Aral, Sea of, Eussian expedition to, v 544 ;
XI 273
Arana, Jos6. See Baena, Duke of
Aranda, Synod of (1473), i 651
Pedro Abarca y Bolea, Count of,
Spanish statesman, vi 351 ; 369 ; 371
sqq. ; and peace negotiations, 380 ; 382 ;
592; vm 782; xii 691
Arande, Michel de, preacher of Meaux,
II 282 sqq.
Aranjuez, the Spanish Court at, v 376,
391, VI 166 ; Treaty of, 363 ; 371 ; 383 ;
League of, 608; revolution of (1808),
IX 430-1 ; absolutist demonstrations in,
X 224; Queen Isabel at, xi 556
Arany, John, Hungarian poet, xi 428 sqq.
Araujo de Lima, Pedro, Regent of Brazil,
X 325
Arbitration, extended use of, xii 12 ; and
the United States Civil War, 21 sq. See
also Law, International
Arboga, Articles of, iv 161-9 ; Estates meet
at, 172
Arbroath, Argyll at, vi 103 sq.
Arbu6s, Peter, Spanish Inquisitor, xi 715
Arbuthnot, John, English writer, v 70
Marriot, Admiral, vi 453
Arcadia, insurrection in, xi 279
Arcadia, Sidney's, in 371
Archangel, Dutch factory at, iii 632 ; v
531 ; leather exports from, 534 ; Orthodox
mission in province of, x 422
"Archdukes, the" (Archduke Albert of
Austria and the Infanta Isabel Clara
Eugenia), m 63e-40, 685. See Albert,
Archduke
Archdukes (the five sons of Maximilian II),
III 698; family compact of (1606), 720
Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von, German
historian, viii 773
Archimedes, v 707 sq.
Archinard, occupies Timbuktu, xii 129
Archivio Storico, founded, xn 842
Arcimboldo, Giovanni Angelo. See Milan,
Archbishop of
Arcis-sur-Aube, battle of (1814), ix 552
Arco, Duke of, vi 166
Areola, fighting at (1796), viii 579 sq.
Arijon, Chevalier Jean-Claude-El^onore le
Michaud de, vi 379 sq.
Arcos, revolt at (1820), x 216
D. Rodrigo Ponz de L^on, Duke of.
Viceroy of Naples, iv 656 ; flight of, 657
Arcot, seized by Clive, vi 541; 543 ; 576
Nawabs of. See Mohammad Ali and
Azim-ud-daulah
Arctic Ocean, and the North-East passage,
xii 792 sqq.
Arcueil, Huguenots at, in 4
Ardagh, Sir John Charles, xn 722
Ardahan, Russia and, xn 392, 398
Ardee, James II retires to, v 313
Ardennes, separation of, from France,
IX 664 ; agriculture in, x 750
Ardoch, Jacobite force at, vi 100
Ardres, fall of, in 670
Ardschel, Island of, ni 109
Areizaga, Spanish general, ordered to march
on Madrid, ix 455 ; troops of, flee to
Murcia, 456
Arellano, Crist6bal de, Spanish reformer,
II 406
Aremberg, Count Jan van Ligne of, in 9,
194, 211, 223, 536
William of. See La Marck, William
de
Arena, Barth61emy, Jacobin, arrested, ix
17
Arenales, Juan Antonio Alvarez de, x 293
Arenberg, merchandise tolls of, v 647
Areniti, Constantin, military adviser of
Maximilian I, i 133
Areopagus, London Literary Club, m 369
Aresen, Jon. See Holum, Bishop of
Aretin, J. A. von, ix 595
Aretino, Cristoforo, n 16
Pietro, II 17, 28, in 459, 468
Arezzo, rebellion of (1510), i 193 sq.
GentUe di, Italian scholar, n 16
Argall, Sir Samuel, deputy governor of
Virginia, vii 110
Argaum (Argaon), victory of Wellesley at,
IX 440, 726
Argenson, Count Marc-Pierre de Voyer de,
Minister of War, vi 334 ; 338 ; 348
Marc-Ren6 de Voyer de. Chancellor
of France (d. 1721), vi 129 ; x 45 ; 61 ;
65; and the plots of 1820-2, 68, 76;
485; 491
Ren6-Louis de Voyer de Paulmy,
Marquis of, minister and economist
(d. 1757), Foreign Minister, vi 110; 113;
160 sq. ; 243 sqq. ; fall of, 247 ; 329 ;
and Benedict XIV, 591 ; viii 9, 12 ; his
career and principles, 16, 19, 21, 27 ; x
770
Argenteau. See Mercy- Argenteau, F. C.
Argentine Republic, independence of, x 287,
293, 301; war of, with Brazil (1826-8),
301, 325; affairs in (1833-1904), xn
680 sqq.; 672; and Paraguay, 674;
Brazil and, 676; 679; development of,
690; 692; foreign capital in, 694; 701;
boundary arbitration by, 722, 727; 734
Argos, French occupation of, xi 277
226
General Index,
Argiielles, Augustin, x 218 ; 222 ; appointed
guardian to Queen Isabel, 242
Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of
(Earl of Islay), vi 99
Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of, n
457
Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of, the
Scotch Covenant supported by, ii 558,
573; III 270-1, 273, 550
Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl, later
Marquis, of, Presbyterianism and, iv 339 ;
347 ; at the General Assembly at Glasgow,
600; " Plotters" and, 505; Cromwell and,
350, 508; crowns Charles II at Scone,
610; 620; execution of, v 282
Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, v
229; 232; and the Scottish Test Act,
287; execution of, 289
George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke
of, XII 23; resigns office, 39; 746
John Campbell, 2nd Duke and 11th
Earl of, V 298; 476 ; vi 96; and the Earl
of Mar's rising, 99 sq., 102
Argyropoulos, Johannes, Greek professor at
Florence, i 543 ; ii 16
Ariosto, Alfonso, in 462
Ludovico, II 11, 15; 28; iii 457-62,
466 ; Orlando Furioso, ii 19 ; in 469, 471
Arista, Mariano, Mexican general, vii 395
Aristophanes, Hungarian translation of, xi
429
Aristotle, Gemistos Plethon and the study
of, II 701 ; Pomponazzi and the study of,
702 sqq.; influence of, in 740, 745, v
707 sq.; 712; 736; xn 704
Arisugawa, Prince, Japanese Minister, xi
834; 857
Arizona, ceded to the United States (1848),
VII 397
Arkansas, enters the Union (1836), vii 413,
421; and secession, 453-581, 603; in the
Civil War, 462 ; emancipation in, 595,
698; new government set up in, 625;
becomes Democratic, 642; population
of, 695, 711
Arklow, Parnell at, xn 83
Arkwright, Sir Richard, vii 374; x 735
Arlanges, General de, in Algeria, x 504
Aries, clamours for Papal protectorate, in
416; the plague at, vi 128; and the States
General, vm 125; the "White Terror"
at, 387
Arleux, fort at, taken by Marlborough, v
431
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, v 100;
113; 152 sq.; 198; and the Triple AlU-
ance, 200; signs the Treaty of Dover,
204; 205; created Earl, 207; 208 sq.;
and the Test Act, 210; and the Prince
of Orange, 213 sq. ; grants in Virginia
made to, vii 9
Armada, The Spanish, see Vol. iii, Chap.
IX ; Sixtus V and, 436 ; equipment, des-
patch and catastrophe of, 605 sqq. ; v
826
Armagh, Bagenal's defeat at, iii 530;
Cathedral of, garrisoned, 590 ; victory
of Tyrone near (1598), 607; plantation
of, 614 ; resists English allotment, 615 ;
the Oakboys' rising near, vi 490 ; Catholics
in, X 644
Armagnac, Jacques de, Duke of Nemours.
See Nemours
Jean V, Count of, treachery and
death of, i 396 sq., 415
Louis de, Duke of Nemours. See
Nemours
Armagon, fort at, iv 742
Armed Neutrality, the first (1780), vi 449,
460, IX 42 sqq.; the second (1800), 46 sqq.
Armella, Nicole, French mystic, v 762
Armellini, Carlo, Triumvir in Rome, xi 94
Armenia, the Elector Palatine and, v 660 ;
geographical situation of, vi 528 ; Russia
and, X 545 ; xn 10 ; 37
Armenians, xn 342 ; 393 ; the Treaty of
Berlin and, 398 sq. ; 415 sqq.
Arm^nonville, Joseph-J.-B. Fleurian de,
French Keeper of the Seals, vi 162
Armenteros, Tomas, secretary of Margaret
of Parma, in 195-6, 198, 206, 207
Arm felt, Baron Gustaf Maurice von,
Swedish statesman, vi 778 ; plot of, ix
38 ; 46 ; 487 ; Governor-General of Fin-
land, X 433, 435
Baron Karl Gustaf von, Swedish
general, v 609
Armies, their conditions, organisation etc.,
16fch century barbarities of, in 105, 111',
use of Spanish military treatises for,
548; Austrian, in 1809, ix 346 sq.; in
1813, 522 ; Egyptian, reform in, xii 447
sq. ; English, under Henry VIII, ii 473;
the Army Plot (1641), iv 288-9, 291;
in 1642, 302 sqq. ; Cromwell's Ironsides,
312; reform of, and the Self-denying
Ordinance, 325 sqq.; the New Model in
the field, 329 sqq.; political and military
action of, during the years 1645-9, see
Chap. XI passim, 336-55 ; Cromwell's
Major-Generals, 441 sq.; 542 sqq.; ques-
tion of a standing army, v 113 ;
Wellington's, of 1815, ix 622; Act of
Gladstone's first Ministry and follow-
ing Acts, XII 25 sq. ; attempts at reform
during the last few years, 59 sq. ; Indian,
Lord Curzon's reforms in, 493 ; European
in general, burden of, 7 sq. ; Flemish,
under Philip the Good and Charles the
Bold, I 432 ; under Mary of Burgundy,
43'J ; French, early misrule and reform
in, under Charles VII and his successors,
I 411 sqq.; in the earlier 16th century,
n 96 sq. ; under Henry IV, in 691 sq.;
under Louvois, v 18 sq.; under Louis XV,
VI 269 ; Choiseul's reforms in, 348 sq. ;
under Louis XVI, viii 51 sq.; and the
constitution of 1791, 207 ; at the opening
of the wars of the Revolution, 401 sqq. ;
reorganisation of, 432 sq.; change of spirit
General Index.
227
in (c. 1795), 445 sq.; the Law of Conscrip-
tion, 518 sq. ; Conscription under the
First Empire, ix 114 sqq.; strength of,
in 1808-9, 345; the Grand Army of
1812, 488 sq., 498, 606; in 1813, 508,
622 ; Napoleon's, in 1815, 618 sq. ; re-
organised (1832), X 487; under Louis
Napoleon, xi 291 ; in 1870, xi 680 sqq. ;
since 1870, xii 96 sq.; Italian, of recent
years, 233 sq.; Japanese (1904), 578;
the Ottoman, constitution of, i 98
sqq. ; under Solyman the Magnificent,
III 126 sq.; Prussian, organised by the
Great Elector, v 642 sq., by Frederick I,
669; under Frederick WiUiam I, vi 213
sqq. ; remodelling of the (from 1807),
IX 331 sqq. ; in 1813, 510 ; Bliicher's,
of 1815, 623; in 1870, xi 579; Russian,
the Strieltzy, and Peter the Great; v 523
sqq.; in 1812, ix 489 sq., in 1813, 509,
522 ; in and after the revolutionary wars,
X 415 sqq.; military colonies, 415 sq.;
under Alexander II, xi 623 sq. ; reorgan-
ised (1874), XII 295; (1904) East of
Lake Baikal, 577 sq. ; Savoyard, under
Emmanuel Philibert, iii 411 ; of the
Spanish Indies, x 256 sq.; the Spanish,
in recent years, xii 258 sqq. ; Swedish,
under Gustavus Adolphus, iv 193 sq.;
after his death, 228 sqq. ; organisation
of, under Charles XI, v 578 ; reformed in
the late 19th century, xii 276 sq.
Arminius, Jacobus (Jakob Herman), and
the doctrine of predestination, n 717 ;
III 646-7 ; IV 717
Arnau, Austrian position at, vi 706
Arnauld, Ang^lique, Abbess of Port-
Royal, v 83
Antoine, Pascal and, iv 795 ; Carte-
sianism and, v 73; 83 sq.; exile and death
of, 89
Arnauts, in Servia, xii 416
Arndt, Ernst Moritz, ix 328; 335, 589; x
352 ; 365 ; 403 sq.; xi 49 ; 164 ; 168 ; 199 ;
xii 818
Johann, theologian, v 758 sq.
Arneth, Reichsritter Alfred von, xii 825 ;
829
Arni, Clive at, vi 541 ; 577
Arnim, or Arnheim, Hans Georg von, iv
101 ; in Pomerania, 104, 106 ; besieges
Stralsund, 107 sq.; 109 ; 187 ; sent to the
Polish frontier, 192; in Saxony, 204; 206;
in Bohemia, 209; 211; 213; 215 sq.; 219;
commands Saxon forces in Silesia, 221;
commands Brandenburg troops, 225 ;
Wallenstein and, 231, 234 sqq., 240 sq. ;
Silesian scheme of, 236 ; march of, to-
wards the Oder, 237 ; 243 ; victory of, at
Liegnitz, 244 j 247 ; negotiations at Pirna
and, 252
Count Harry, German ambassador
in Paris, xii 140; 149
Heinrich Alexander, Baron von,
Prussian Foreign Minister, xi 159
Arnim, Ludwig Achim von, German Ro-
manticist, X 401 sqq. ; goes to Berlin,
404; 405 sqq.; xii 818; 822
Arnim-Boitzenburg, Count Adolf Heinrich
von, XI 157 sqq.
Arnim-Heinrichsdorf, Count Heinrich Fried-
rich von, Prussian Foreign Minister, xi
200
Arnold of Brescia, and Zurich, ii 311
Benedict, American general, vii 170
sq., 215, 226, 230
Gottfried, historian, v 760 sqq.
Matthew, the poems of, xi 354 sq. ;
365
Dr Thomas, and convict colonies,
XI 794 ; XII 835
water-miller in the Neumark, vi 714
Arnold-Forster, Hugh Oakeley, and army
reform, xii 59
Arnoldi, Wilhelm, Bishop of Trier. See
Trier
Aron, Peter, Prince of Moldavia, i 83
Arques, battle of (1589), iii 48, 658, 660
Arquien, Henri de Lagrange, Marquis de,
v 356 ; 360
Mary de. See Mary d' Arquien,
Queen of Poland
Arrabbiati, i 169 sq., 174
Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of. See
Chatelherault, Duke of
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of, ii 657,
659 ; proposed as husband to Queen
Elizabeth, 574 sq., 580
Captain James Stewart, Earl of
{cr. 1581), III 550
Arras, Peace of (1482), i 229, 391, 395, 399,
445; Treaty of (1435), 389, 418, 423, n
36; Treaty of (1579), in 251; attempted
surprise of (1596), 671; Cond6 defeated
before, iv 619 ; the "Terror" at, vm 372;
fortress of, xi 607
Bishop of. See Granvelle, Cardinal
Arrazola, Lorenzo, Spanish statesman, xi
566
Arret de Merindol (1540), against the
Waldenses, ii 289
Arrhenius, Svante, Swedish scientist, xii
280
Arrighi, Jean-Toussaint, French general,
the duchy of Padua granted to, ix 111
Arrow, The (lorcha), incident of, xi 325, 815
Ars, Louis de, French general, i 125, 127
Arsilli, Francesco, the De Poetis Urbanis,
II 15
Art and architecture, English, of late years,
XII 64; European, in general, in the
latest age, 13 sq. ; French, in the 15th
century, i 414 sq. ; under the First
Empire, ix 133 sqq. ; painting, sculpture
and music of the Restoration, x 103 ;
in the 19th century, xi 628; German,
Maximilian I and, i 326 sq. ; in Holland,
revival of Dutch painting in recent years,
XII 249 sq. ; Italian, in general, effects of
the French invasions (from 1494) on, i
228
General Index,
143; and the Italian Eenaissance, ii 14
sqq., 27 sq.; after the French Be volution,
X 129 sq. ; in the Netherlands, under the
Burgundian Dukes, i 432 sq. ; in Spain,
in the early 16th century, 382 sq. ; under
Philip IV, IV 662 sqq. ; in Tuscany, under
Cosimo de' Medici, in 394; in Borne,
especially under Sixtus V, 438 sqq.;
Venetian, i 284 sq. ; in the United
States, vii 748 sq.
Arta, bridge of, xii 403
Arta-Volo, frontier of Greece, x 202, 204
Artevelde, Jacques van, i 426
Arthur, Chester Alan, President of the
United States, vii 650, 652
Articles of Beligion, The Forty-Two, ii 508;
the Thirty-Nine, 587 sq. ; the Marburg,
209
Artico, Filippo, Bishop of Asti. See Asti
Articuli cleri, in 563
Artigas, Jos6, x 300
Artista, El, Spanish periodical, x 241
Artois, ceded by France (1493) to Burgundy,
1 229, 392, 395, 451, 454; claim of Francis I
to, II 72 sq. ; march on, 76 ; France re-
nounces claim to (1529), 102; French
designs on, iii 16, 34; Catholics in, 251;
raids into, 666, 671; loss of greater part
of, to Spain, iv 620, 660 sqq. ; Estates of,
V 4 ; viii 39 ; agricultural population
in, 61
Charles-Philippe, Comte de. See
Charles X, King of France
Arundel, Henry Fitz-Alan, 12th Earl of,
II 497 sqq., 505, 525 ; and Philip II, m
281
of Wardour, Henry Arundel, 3rd
Baron, v 202; 204; 220
and Surrey, Thomas Howard, 2nd
Earl of, confinement and release of, iv
264 sq. ; at Vienna, 276
Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
II 464
Aruwhimi river, exploration on, xii 812
Asan, XII 510 ; Japanese occupation of, 511
Asben, explorers at, xii 810
Asbjornsen, Peter Christian, Norwegian
writer, xi 701
Aschaffenburg, taken by the Swedes, iv
208; "Pragmatic Army" at, vi 238;
Jourdan repulsed at, viii 497; granted
to Dalberg, ix 414; acquisition of, by
Bavaria, 658
Ascham, Boger, and classical studies at
Cambridge, i 580; and John Frederick
of Saxony, ii 275
Aschersleben, castle of, v 618
Ascoli, Trojano Marulli, Duke of, x 112
As61, Anton, Spanish Beformer, ii 408
Aselli, Gaspar, anatomist, v 727
As^nyefif, Eussian journalist, xii 298
Ashbourne, Edward Gibson, Lord, Lord
Chancellor of Ireland, xii 83
Ashbumham, John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl
of. TZ 428
Ashburton, river, gold discovered on, xn
619
Alexander Baring, Lord, and the
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842), vii
391 sq. ; x 355 ; 615
John Dunning, Lord, as Solicitor-
general, VI 439; 442; 455; 459
Ashinoff, Cossack adventurer, xii 343
Ashley, Anthony, Lord. See Shaftesbury
Ashta, fight at, xi 726
Asia, Eussian policy in, v 544 sq. ; a market
for English products, ix 363; Eussian
advances in, xi 272 sqq., 630, 632;
European influence in, xii 4 ; Eussia
and England in, 94; French colonisa-
tion in, 159; bubonic plague in, 486 sq. ;
modern exploration in, 792 sqq.
Central, rivalry of Great Britain and
Eussia m (1833), x 556, 558, xii 343; 373
Eastern, Germany and, xii 160
Minor, insurrection in, in 701 ;
Turkey and, xn 4; Germany and, 10;
the Eusso-Turkish War in, 389; the
Treaty of Berlin and, 398; 416;
massacres in, 417; 418; archaeological
research in, 774
Asiatic Company of Denmark, vi 738
Asiento, secured for French traders, v 403 ;
England and, 445; 455; 684; vi 25; the
English South Sea Company and, 64
sqq.; 157; 178; 181; 363
Asiu, explorers at, xn 810
Aske, Eobert, rebellion of (1536), n 446 sq.;
468
Askew, Anne, n 466 sq.
Asparros, Andre de Foix de, invades
Navarre and Castile (1521), i 378
Aspern, battle of (1809), ix 345 sq., 350
sqq.; results of, 352; 353; 401
Aspre, Constantin de, Baron, Austrian
general, ix 353 ; xi 95
Aspromonte, Garibaldi wounded at, xi
534; 635
Asquith, Herbert Henry, Home Secretary
(afterwards Prime Minister), xn 49 ; 760
Assab bay, Italian occupation of, xn 664
Assada Association, iv 731 ; 746
Assam, xi 727 ; ceded to Britain, 728 ; united
to Eastern Bengal, xn 495 ; caravan route
to, 793; 796
Assaye, victory of Wellesley at (1803), ix
440; 726
Assche, Marlborough at, v 420
Asseirceira, the Miguelists defeated at
(1834), X 336
Assembly of Notables (1527), n 57, 284;
(1558), 93; at Fontainebleau (1560), 298.
See also Council of Notables
Assiette, Col de, Belleisle's march by,
VI 245; 362
Assiniboia, district of, xi 776
Assiout, travellers at, xn 805
Assuan, dam of, xii 446; James Bruce at
805
Assyria, researehes in, xn 846 sq.
General Index,
229
Asti, claimed by Francis I, m 110, claimed
by Spain, 400, disorder in, 401, evacua-
tion of, 407; Peace of (1615), iv 129; vi
161 ; French defeat at, 245
Filippo Artico, Bishop of, xi 369
Astley, Sir Jacob (Baron Astley), iv 304 ;
at Naseby, 330; at Stow-on-the-Wold,
335
Aston, Sir Arthur, in Drogheda, iv 533
Sir Richard, Irish Chief Justice, vi
490
Astorga, Baird reaches, ix 443; the Em-
peror at, 445; 448 ; fall of (1810), 458
Astoria, port of, vii 364
Astrabad, ceded to Eussia, v 545
Astrakhan, annexed to Russia, v 479; 494;
revolt at (1705), 531; 544; system of
recruiting in, x 415
Astronomy, history of. See Science
Astruc, Jean, studies of, on the Pentateuch,
XII 816
Asturias, arrival in London of deputies
from, IX 440; Liberalism in, x 214;
revolt in (1820), 216; Riego banished to,
221; the Junta of, 282, 303
Prince of the. See Ferdinand VII,
King of Spain
A8unci6n, government of, x 246; 269
Atacama, xii 678 ; frontier dispute in, 679
Atahualpa, Head-chief of the Inca people,
X 299
Atalaya, Spanish periodical, x 207
Atbara river, sources of, xii 805
Ath, restored to Spain, v 45, 63; captured
by Marlborough (1706), 416
Athabasca, district of, xi 776
Athenry, Cathedral Church of, iii 593
Athens, surrendered to the Turks (1457),
I 74, 285 ; captured by the Venetians
(1687), V 365; civil war in, xi 642; xii
403 ; demonstrations at, 408 ; rising at,
420 ; 421 sq.
Franco Acciaiuoli, Duke of, i 74
Athlone, besieged (1690), v 315, (1691),
317 sq.
Godert de Ginkel, Ist Earl of, in
Ireland, v 316 sqq. ; takes Limerick,
319
AthoU, John Murray, 1st Duke of, vi 92
John Stewart, 4th Earl of, iii 270,
272, 279
Athos, Mount, v 507 sq.
Atkins, Sir Jonathan, Governor of Bar-
bados, V 690
Atlanta, Sherman's campaign against, vii
514, 521; captured (1864), 522, 523,
526, 579; 551
Atlantic Monthly, vii 746
Atlantic Ocean, submarine telegraph under,
XI 346
Atlas, Mount, xn 805
Atouguia, Count of, executed, vi 386
Atrek river, Russia and, xii 343
Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester,
VI 44
Attrition, doctrine of, in later Middle Ages,
II 126 ; distinguished from contrition,
126
Attwood, Thomas, and the Birmingham
Political Union, x 612, 615 ; in Parlia-
ment, 656 ; 675 ; and the Chartist move-
ment, 683
Atuntse, caravan route to, xii, 793; 796
Auber, Daniel-Franpois-Esprit, x 103
Aubert-Dubayet, J.-B.-Annibal, Minister of
War, vni 490
Aubign6, Theodore- Agrippa de, in 62, 64;
V 20
Aubigny, Esm6 Stewart, Seigneur de. See
Lennox
Stuart de, French general (1494), i
113, 123 sq., 155
Aubray, Sieur de, leader of the Politiques,
m 70,
Aubry, Emile, French politician, xi 492
Francois, member of the National
Convention, viii 442, 512
Aubusson, Pierre de. Grand Master of the
Knights of St John, i 84, 86
Auch, Republican attack on, xi 137
Auchmuty, Sir Samuel, at Buenos Ayres,
IX 753
Auchterarder, Jacobite force at, vi 100 ;
102
Auchy, member of the Extraordinary Junta
for Tuscany, ix 399; 419
Auckland, capital of New Zealand, xi 793
sq.; province of, 796
George Eden, Ist Earl of, Governor-
General of India, xi 731 sqq.; 743
William Eden, 1st Baron, vi 471 ;
VIII 284, 287 sq. ; British Minister at the
Hague, 294, 301; 429; and Ireland, ix
699; 702
Audeoud, and the conquest of Dahomey,
xn 129
Audijos, leader of the rising in Gascony,
V 9
Audley, Edmund, Bishop of Salisbury, books
collected by, i 597
Thomas, succeeds More as Chan-
cellor, II 438
Auerbach, Berthold, German novelist, xi 418;
420
Auersperg, Prince Adolf von, xn 188 sq. ;
192; 194
Count Anton Alexander von (*' Ana-
stasius Griin "), xi 173 ; 413
Prince Carlos von, xn 186 sq.
Prince Johann Weichard von, Aus-
trian statesman, v 349; 352
Auerstadt, Prussian army at, ix 275; battle
of (1806), 276 sqq., 326; Schamhorst at,
332
Auerswald, Alfred von, Prussian statesman,
XI 159
Hans Adolf Erdmann von, Prussian
general, xi 169
Rudolf von, Prussian Minister-Presi-
dent, XI 166, 191
230
General Indect,
Aufklarung, in Switzerland, vi 625 ; pene-
trates Poland, 671 ; in Russia, under
Catharine II, 686 sqq. ; Frederick the
Great and, Chap, xx passim ; the Rosicru-
cians and, 726 sq. ; in Germany, vni 772
sqq.
Augereau, Pierre-FranQois-Charles, Duo de
CastigUone, MarshaJ of France, viii 440,
444, and the coup d'etat (1797), 508 sq.,
512, 591 ; in Italy, 564, 666 sqq., 574 sq.,
578 ; IX 66 ; 89, 252 ; marches from Brit-
anny, 253 ; sent to Tyrol, 256 ; surrender
of Jellachich to, 258; in Swabia, 258;
262 ; commands the 7th corps, 275 ; at
Thorn, 281; 284; at Eylau, 286; 287;
captures the fortress of Hostalrich, 457 ;
superseded by Macdonald, 464; on the
Council of War, 565
Aughrim, battle of (1691), v 261, 318
Augier, Guillaume-Victor-Emile, French
dramatist, xi 516 sq.; 548
Augila, Hornemann at, xii 806
Augsburg, decline of, i 507 ; Lutheranism
adopted by, ii 233 sq.; Zwinglianism at,
216; the Interim in, 264, 266; submits
to Charles V (1547), 258; Luther at,
133; Catholics in, iii 158, iv 12, 77;
saved by Wertb, 391; Treaty of Ulm
and, ib. ; Swedish army in, 214 ; and the
Peace of Westphalia, 413 ; commercial
state of, 420 ; Bavaria and, v 52 ; 408 ;
410; Alliance (1686), 35, 52 sq., 235,
654 ; proposed Congress at, vi 343 ; occu-
pation of, by the French, ix 64; Napoleon
reaches, 255; annexed by Bavaria, 262,
269
Diets of (1500), i 308, (1510), 319,
(1518), II 40, 133, (1525), 191, 196, (1530),
25, 211, 213, (1547), 84, 262 sq., (1555),
276, 672, (1559), iii 163, (1566), 172 sq.,
(1582), 706 ; Recess of (1530), 214, (1555),
277; Confession of (1530), 211 sqq., iii
141, 163, 174, 180, 210, 740, iv 68, 111,
200, 412 ; Religious Peace of (1555), ii 89,
277 sq., m 140 sqq., 162 sqq., 714, 718,
723 sqq., 754, iv 3, 109, 410, 676, v 627
Henry von Knorringen, Bishop of
(d. 1646), III 723; iv 110
Otto Truchsess of Waldburg, Car-
dinal-Bishop of, at the Diet of Augsburg
(1555), II 276; in 161; 707
Augusta (Georgia), settlement of, 62 ; oc-
cupied by the British (1778), vii 219,
abandoned, ib.
Maria Louisa, Princess of Weimar,
German Empress, consort of William I,
in 1848, XI 159; xii 149
Princess of Bavaria, wife of Eugene
Beauharnais, ix 265
Princess of Wales, vi 417; 423;
434
Victoria, Empress of Germany, xii
165
Augustenburg, Christian, Duke of, xi 226
sq.; 696
Augustenburg, Prince Christian Augustus
of. See Schleswig-Holstein- Augustenburg
Frederick, Duke of, claims on Schles-
wig-Holstein of, XI 437 sqq. ; 477 ; Prussia
and Austria and, 444 sqq.; 448 sq.
Augustine, St, Rule of, ii 114 ; Calvin's
relation to, 365 ; and the Teutonic Re-
naissance, 712 sq. ; the Jansenists and,
V 82; 755
Augustinian Eremites, Order of, ii 106 ;
history of, 114; University of Witten-
berg and, 117; 131; and the Reform
movement, 161
Augustinus Triumphus. See Triumphus
Augustov, Polish province, x 449; 470
Augustus II, King of Poland (Frederick
Augustus I, Elector of Saxony), v 369;
King of Poland, 370 sq., 417 ; 438 ; and
Peter the Great, 526 ; 555 ; and Den-
mark, 580 sq.; and Patkul, 586, 595;
joins tbe league against Sweden (1699),
680, 587 ; and the great Northern War,
587 sqq. ; Charles XII and, 689, 592 ;
deposed, 593; treaty of, with Sweden
(1706), 595 ; and the Emperor Joseph,
596; and the second anti-Swedish league
(1709), 602; 603 sq. ; 606 sq.; 660; and
Frederick I of Prussia, 666 ; 743 ; vi 35
sq.; 151 ; 166 ; crowned, 191 ; and Lithu-
ania, 192 ; 193 sq. ; 198 ; and the Prag-
matic Sanction, 202; 239; 303; 665;
death of, 166
Ill, King of Poland (Frederick
Augustus II, Elector of Saxony), vi 193 ;
195 sqq. ; marriage of, 201 ; and the
Austrian Succession, 228 sq., 231 sq. ;
242 ; and the Convention of Hanover,
244; Frederick the Great and, 251, 254
sq., 266 ; 303 ; 310 ; 346 ; 665 sq. ; 703 ;
and the Peace of Teschen, 707; death of,
200, 353, 628 ; vin 522
Aulard, FranQois-V.-Alphonse, historian,
XII 833 sq.
Aulic Council. See Reichshofrath
Aulich, Louis, Hungarian general, xi 214
Aulick, Commodore, mission of, to Japan,
XI 824
Aulnay-Charnis6, Charles de Menou, Sieur
de, VII 110 sq.
Aumale, Henry IV in danger of capture at,
III 51
Caroline, Duchesse de, xi 653
— »- Charles of Lorraine, Duke of (son of
Claude II), iii 46 sq. ; 663; 669
Claude II of Lorraine, Duke of, ii
273; III 5, 12, 19
Henri-Eug^ne-Philippe-Louis d'Or-
16ans, Due de, xi 33 ; 605 ; 553 ; xii
105; 107; 834
Aumont, Jean de, Marshal of France, in
47
Aungier, Gerald, in India, v 698
Aunis, customs of the, v 13
Aurang4bad, Malik Ambar at, vi 516;
Wellesley captures (1803), ix 726
General Index.
231
Auras, Eussian troops at, vi 294 ; 299
Auratus (Jean Dorat). See Dorat
Aures, revolt of, xn 129
Aurispa, Giovanni, Italian humanist, i
550
Aurungzeb, Moghul Emperor, v 697 sqq. ;
VI 518 sqq. ; and the Marathas, 521 sq. ;
death of, 523; 532
Ausserrhoden, vi 625
Aussig, Charles of Lorraine at, vi 244 ;
257
Austen, Jane, novelist, vi 833; xi 360
Austerlitz, battle of (1805), ix 117, 260 sqq. ;
campaign of, 396; effect of the news of,
on Pitt, 684
Austin, John, jurist, ix 160 sq. ; x 598
Australasia, development of (1815-70),
Vol. XI, Chap. XXVII (4) ; self-govern-
ment in, 761; emigration to, xii 63;
and Chinese immigration, 508; develop-
ment of, 618 sqq.; 734 sq. ; 805
Australia, trade of, with California, vii 402 ;
colonial empire in, ix 735 sqq, ; the wool
trade with, x 751, 759 sq. ; British policy
in, XI 16; 310; 760; Constitutional Act
(1850) of, 763; xii 2; and imperial de-
fence, 47; 57; 94; and Germany, 160
sq.; development and progress of, 603
sqq., 618 sqq. ; federation of, 631 sqq. ;
and naval defence, 649, 651; 650; and
New Guinea, 666 ; and the Pacific Islands,
667 sq.; labour legislation in, 751; social
movements in, 753, 755, 763
South, XI 792; a Crown colony,
794; population of, 796, 799; 797 sq. ;
development and progress of, xii 619 sqq.,
624 sqq., 629, 631
Western, origin of, xi 791 ; convicts
sent to, 795; 797 sq. ; population of,
799; development and progress of, xii
619 sqq, ; and immigration, 626 ; 630
sq. ; 634 ; aboriginal population of, 624,
629
Australian Agricultural Company, xi 790
Austria
I X Hungary and the Sclavonic king-
doms, passim, {chiefly) 329-44
See also here Maximilian I,
Emperor-Elect
II ii Habsburg and Valois (i), 36-65
iii Habsburg and Valois (ii), 66-103
See also Germany
in V The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian U, passim,
140-81
xxi The Empire under Rudolf II,
passim, 696-735
For Austrian relations with
Turkey, see also iv The Height
of the Ottoman Power, passim,
104-39
IV i The Outbreak of the Thirty Tears'
War, passim, 1-34
ii The Valtelline (1603-89), passim,
86-63
Austria,
IV iii
iv
vi
vii
XIV
xxiii
V xii
xiii
XVlll
XX
XIV
xvii
xxi
XXV
IX iii
Xll
xiv
xvii
xix
contd.
The Protestant Collapse (1620-
30), passim, 64-117
Richelieu, passim, 129, 138, 141
sqq.
Gustavus Adolphus, passim, 190-
222
Wallenstein and Bernard of
Weimar (1632-5), passim, 223-
55
The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), passim,
364-94
The Peace of Westphalia, passim,
395-433
Papal policy (1590-1648), 2)a««m,
673 sq,, 676 sqq.
Austria, Poland and Turkey, 338-
71
The Treaties of Partition and the
Spanish Succession, passim,
372-400
The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession and the Peace of
Utrecht, passim, 401-59
The War of the Austrian Suc-
cession, 201-50
The Seven Years' War, 251-300
The reversal of alliances and the
Family Compact, passim, 329-
60
Italy and the Papacy, passim,
586-610
Joseph II, 626-56
Frederick the Great and his suc-
cessors, passim, 702-34
The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim, 306-
37
The General War [of the French
Revolution], passim, 398-446
The extinction of Poland (1788-
97), passim, 521-52
The Second Coalition [against
the French Revolution], passim,
633-64
p. 776
The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), passim, 55-80
France and her tributaries (1801
-3), passim, 81-106
The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), passim, 294-
340
The War of 1809, 341-60
The French dependencies, pas«m,
390-427
The War of Liberation (1813-4),
606-54
The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
6), 676-615
232
General Index,
Austria, contd.
IX xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (1816),
646-71
X i The Congresses (1815-22), pas-
sim, 1-39
iv Italy, passim, 104-30
V The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, passim, 131-68
vi Greece and the Balkan Peninsula,
passim, 169-204
xi The Germanic Federation (1815-
40), passim, 340-82
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
XI iii Liberalism and Nationality in
Germany and Austria (1840-8),
43-64
iv Italy in Revolution (1846-9), pas-
sim, 65-95
vi The Revolution and the Reaction
in Germany and Austria, I
(1848-9), 142-201
vii The Revolution and the Reaction
in Germany and Austria, II,
202-33
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of Italy
(1849-61), passim, 366-92
XV Austria, Prussia, and the Ger-
manic Confederation
(1) Reaction and Reorganisa-
tion (1852-62), 393-410
(2) German Literature (1840-
70), 411-20
(3) The National Spirit in
Hungarian Literature
(1686-1900), 421-31
xvi Bismarck and German Unity,
passim, 432-66
xix The completion of Italian Unity,
passim, 529-49
XXV Rome and the Vatican Council,
passim, 703-23
XII vii Austria-Hungary, 174-212
xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, passim, 381
-423
Austria, House of. See Habsburg
Leopold III, Duke of, i 264, 342
Austro-Hungarian Bank, xii 191; 203
Austruweel, rout of Calvinists at (1567),
III 211-2
Auteil, de, French officer in India, vi 541
Auteuil, ideologues at, ix 21, 24
Autichamp, Charles de Beaumont, Count
de, IX 2; 14
Autos-de-fe, at Seville and Valladolid, ii
404, 407 sq. ; at Palma, Majorca, 1691,
v375,
Autre Eglise, and battle of Ramillies, v
415 sq.
Autun, revolt of (1595), m 667
Auvergne, iii 418
Charles de Valois, Count of. See
Angoul^me
Auxerre, Napoleon at, ix 574
Jacques Amyot, Bishop of, in 56
Ava, XI 727; British Resident at, 729; 742
Avalos, Costanza de. See Amalfi
Avanti, Italian socialist journal, xii 225;
231 sq.
Avaux, Claude de Mesmes, Count of, agent
of Richelieu at Stuhmsdorf, iv 365 ;
French plenipotentiary in Germany, 373 ;
negotiations at Hamburg between Salvias
and, 377; 397; proposal of, in 1641, 398;
at Miinster, 402 sq. ; at the Hague, 602
Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, Count of,
French ambassador at the Hague, v 165
sq., 244, 397; in Ireland, 307 sq., 312,
314; 417; in Sweden, 566, 585
Aveiro, Duke of, executed, vi 386
Avellain, Admiral, visits Toulon, xii 98
Avellaneda, Bernardino de, ni 322
Avellino, revolt at (1820), x 112
Avenir, Le, founded by Lamennais, x 163 ;
164
national, Le, French journal, xi 487
Aventinus, Johannes, Bavarian historian,
II 202
Aversa, capitulation of the French at (1528),
n 59
Carlo Caraffa, Bishop of, nuncio to
Emperor Ferdinand II, iv 73, 83; zeal of,
111
Giovanni Bernardino di, Italian re-
former, II 391
Avery sborough, Slocum attacked at (1865),
VII 530
Avesnes, acquired by France, v 33
Avignon, Charles IX. at, in 7, Henry III
at, 25 ; city of, v 449 ; the Old Pretender
at, VI 27, 104; 128; 594; restored to the
Papacy, 595; revolutionary disorder in,
VIII 217 sq.; united to France, 217;
Marseillais routed at, 348 ; Napoleon at,
352 ; the " White Terror " in, 387 ; com-
pensation demanded for loss of, ix 182 ;
Pius VII banished to, 196; added to
France, 564; retained by France, 576;
claim of Papacy to, 661; Pius VII and,
X 144
Avila, Juan de, Spanish reformer, n 409
Juan Alvarez de, Spanish admiral,
III 639
Sancho de, in 215, 239, 245, 520
Avogadro, Americo, Conte di Quaregna,
man of science, xii 769 sq.
Avonmore, Barry Yelverton, 1st Viscount,
as Irish Attorney-general, vi 502
Avranches, captured by Montpensier, in 51
Jean Bochard, Bishop of, i 637
Avvakum, Russian ecclesiastic, v 509; 524
Awa, daimio of, xi 834; 836; 846; 850; 864
Awans, political faction in Li6ge, i 422
Axarquia, battle of the (1483), i 358
Axiake. See OchakofE
Axim, taken by the Dutch (1642), iv 759
Ayacucho, battle of, 295 sq., (1824), x 307,
xn 689
Ayala, Pedro de (Bishop of Catania),
Spanish ambassador in England, i 471
General Index.
233
Ayamonte, Rodrigo de Guzman, C. of
Saltes, Marquis of, treason and execution
of, IV 662 sq.
Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, iii 343
Aymara-Quiohua (Peruvians), i 38, 45
Ayr, and the Treaty of Union, v 299
Ayrshire, recusants in, v 283 sq. ; 285
Ayrton, Acton Smee, First Commissioner
of Works, XII 29
Ayicue, Sir George, Admiral, West Indian
Islands subdued by, IV 466 ; 468; 470; in
the Downs, 471; defeated by Euyter off
Plymouth, 472; 477
Ayub Ehan, xn 37; defeated at Kandahar,
475
Ayuthia, capital of Siam, xii 534 sq.
Azarea, Jos^ Nicolas de, Spanish ambassa-
dor, IX 77
Azeff, Eussian police agent, xn 350; 376
Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli, Marquis de, the
Ricordi, x 108-9, xi 547; other publica-
tions of, X 127; 156; 167 sq. ; xi 65; the
Casi di Romagna, 66 sq., 69, 73; expelled
from Florence, 69 ; 70 ; the Lutti di
Lomhardia, 80, 546; 84; Minister for
Foreign Affairs, 367 sqq. ; separates from
Cavour, 370 sq. ; Ministry of, 371 ; 373 ;
529; 548
Azim, son of Dost Mohammad, xn 459
Azim-ud-daulah, Nawab of Arcot (or the
Carnatic), accession of, ix 724
Azim-ul-Umar4, at Haidarabad, ix 721 ; 722
Azoff, conquered by Peter the Great, v 370 ;
371, 521 sq. ; 503; 520; ceded to Russia,
627; 531; 545; 603 sq.-; abandoned by
Russia, 606; 677; vi 305 sqq.; acquired
by Russia, 674
Sea of, Russian fleet in, v 527, 605 ;
XI 322
Azores Islands, discovery of, i 12; projects
to colonise, 10, 15, 19; Lord Thomas
Howard sent to, in 319 ; Spanish squadron
at, 531 ; Dutch squadron at, 539 ; British
convoys captured at, vi 377; Miguelists
in (1828), X 323; Villa Flor in, 326;
Dom Pedro in, 327
Azteca ("crane-people"), Mexican tribe,
I 39
Baahus, Treaty of Roeskilde and, iv 586
Babar, Zahirruddin Mahmud, Moghul Em-
peror, VI 507 ; career of, 508 sqq. ; death
of, 510; 514; 524
Babeau, A., on social conditions in France,
VIII 63 sq.
Baber, Colborne, in China, xn 797
Babeuf, Frangois-Noel, French communist,
vni 34, 503 sq., 790
Babington, Antony, arrest of, in 291 sq.
Babylonish (Japtivity, Luther's, in ,738
Bacciochi, Elise. See Bonaparte, Elise
Bacelli, Alfredo, Italian statesman, xn 228
Bach, Alexander von, Austrian statesman,
XI 153; 155; 171 ; and the Austrian Con-
stitution, 174; Minister of Justice, 176,
190; 179; and Hungary, 181, 183, 398
sq, ; 185 ; resigns, 186 ; 187 ; policy of,
215 sq.; Minister of the Interior, 216,
398; 217; 401; dismissed, 403; xn 176;
178 sqq.; 192
Bacher, French President in the Grand
Duchy of Frankfort, ix 414
"Back-lane Parliament," of Myles Keon
and Wolfe Tone, x 628
Bac-le pass, French troops attacked in,
xn 131
Baco de la Chapelle, Mayor of Nantes,
VIII 341
Bacon, Anthony, in 335
Sir Francis (Viscount St Albans
and Baron Verulam), influence of New
World discovery on, i 62 sq. ; 205 ; ii
691, 706; ni 329 sq.; and Essex, 335
sq.; and Puritanism, 347; 553; 557;
and Coke, 564 sqq.; fall of, 571-2; 737;
748 ; and Ireland, iv 513 ; his Novum
Organum, v 716, 724 sq. ; vi 793 ; 803
Nathaniel, Virginian settler, vii 9
Sir Nicholas, becomes Chancellor,
II 565, 568; in 280
Roger, I 18, 585; works of, 587,
590
Badagry, explorers at, xn 807 sq.
Badajoz, death of Anne of Austria at, in
600 ; V 416 ; 456 ; royal wedding at, vi
166; Treaty of (1801), ix 72, 75, 605;
Victor advances on, 449 sq.; army of La
Romana at, 460; surrenders to Soult
(1811), 462; 463; besieged by Welling-
ton (1811), 466 ; siege of, abandoned,
467 sq.; captured by Wellington (1812),
471 sq.
Badakshan, province of, vi 518; Russia
and, xn 461; 801
Baden, margravate of, invaded by the
French, v 57; 418; receives bishopric of
Constance, ix 94 ; the Church in, 201 ;
joins France, 253 ; 262 ; Grand Duchy
of, 581 ; and the Congress of Vienna,
649, 651 ; succession of, and the Allied
Powers, X 19 ; 22 ; 31 ; relations of the
Papacy with, 148 sq. ; and German unity,
342 sq.; and the Germanic Confedera-
tion, 344 ; and Bavaria, 346, 359, 361 sq.;
358 ; the political position of, 361 ; Con-
stitution of (1818), 362; 363; and the
Carlsbad meeting, 366; and the Triasidee,
369 ; and customs reform, 372 ; constitu-
tional concessions in, 375 ; and the press
laws, 377; 380; and the Protestant
Churches, 382 ; revolutionary movement
in, XI 60 sqq., 144 sq., 152, 192, 218; and
the Vorparlament, 163; insurrection in,
221; and Prussia, 228; the "Articles"
of, 246; 259; and the Schleswig-Hol-
stein question, 438; and the Austro-
Prussian war, 457 ; and the North Ger-
man Confederation, 460 sq., 464 sq. ; and
the Franco-German War, 464 ; and the
Papacy, 708 ; legal code of, xn 150
234
General Index,
Baden, House of, iii 704 ; religious attitude
of, 159 ; an original member of the Pro-
testant Union, 725
Margraves of: — Charles II, in 150,
164 ; Christopher I (and of Hochberg),
excluded from the Swabian League, i
321; Philibert, at Moncontour, in 12 sq.;
Philip I, humane policy of, n 191
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of,
X 361
Charles (Louis Frederick), Grand
Duke of, marries Josephine's niece, ix
265, X 361 ; and the Congress of Vienna,
IX 582 ; 610 sq. ; x 145 sq. ; 362
Frederick I, Grand Duke of, xi 397;
406
Leopold I, Grand Duke of, x 875;
XI 60 ; 145 ; 218 sq.
Frederica Dorothea of, marries Gus-
tavus IV Adolphus of Sweden, ix 38
Louisa Caroline (Countess von Hoch-
berg), Grand Duchess of, x 361
(in Aargau), Federal Swiss Diet at
(1523), II 320 ; (1528), 329 ; Disputation
at (1526), 325 sq. ; Peace of (1714), v 436,
450, 454 sq., vi 614
Baden-Baden, margravate of, iv 84; Ca-
tholicism of House of, III 710
Edward Fortunatus, margrave of,
IV 79
Lewis William, margrave of, v 61 ;
341 ; 366 ; commander of the Imperial
Army, 368 ; 369 ; and the Spanish Suc-
cession, 401 ; Ehine campaign of (1702),
406; at Stolhofen, 407; 408; joins Marl-
borough, 409; besieges Ingolstadt, 410;
414 ; 416 ; 437 ; 452 ; death of, 418 ; vi
191
Philip, margrave of, iii 716 ; his
wife Sibylla, ib.
JacobsBa of. See Jiilich-Cleves
Baden-Durlach, margravate of, iv 66; 84;
re-instatement of House of, at Peace of
Westphalia, 409
Ernest Frederick, margrave of, at
Heilbronn, iii 714
George Frederick, margrave of, iv 1;
67; 79; defeated by Tilly at Wimpfen,
80
Prince of (son of Prince Christopher
of), VI 289 sq.
Baden-Hochberg, Jacob III, margrave of,
in 710
Badeni, Count Kasimir Felix, Austrian
statesman, xii 197 ; administration of,
200 sqq.
Badenoch, Jacobites at, vi 103, 117
Bader, Augustin, German sectary, n 224
Badia, Tommaso, church reform and, ii
379, 643 sq.
Badius Ascensius (Bade of Asche), the
Brethren of the Common Life and, i 435
BadH Sarai, fight at, xi 746
Badoer, Alberto, ambassador to Sixtus V,
III 445
Badoer, Alvisi, sent to Constantinople, as
ambassador of peace, in 116
Baduel, Claude, Protestant Eector of Nismes
University, n 292
Baeda, ecclesiastical historian, i 535
Baena, Isabel de, Spanish Reformer, ii
406 sq.
Jos^ Arana, Duke of, xi 560
Barenklau, Johann Leopold, Baron zu
Schonreith, Austrian Field-marshal, vi
233; 236
Barsch, Georg B,, one of the founders of
the Tugendhund (1808), ix 328
Barwalde, Treaty of (1631), iv 141, 198 sq.,
210, 220 ; 226 ; 249 ; 251
Baffin bay, explorers at, xii 814
William, navigator, xii 814
Bagchaserai. See Bakchi-serai
Bage, Robert, novelist, vi 836
Bagenal, Sir Henry, in Ireland, ni 604 ;
defeated at Armagh, 630, 607
Bagge, Jakob, Danes defeated by, iv 163
Baggesen, Jens Immanuel, Danish poet,
vm 788; xi 697
Baghdad, Turkish army at, in 112 ; be-
comes Ottoman fortress, 113 ; Russia
and, X 545 ; xii 170 ; caravan route to,
793
Pasha of, ix 385
Baghirmi, xn 130; Barth in, 810
Baglione, Giampaolo, of Perugia, i 194 ;
submission of, to Julius II, 128; 134;
136; n 14
Bagni, Papal nuncio, in Paris, rv 680
Bagno, Marchese di, commands papa)
troops, IV 57 sq.
Bagnolo, Peace of (1484), between Venice,
Milan and Naples, i 287
Bagot, Sir Charles, x 32 ; 37 ; at the Con>
ference of St Petersburg, 189 ; Governor
General of Canada, xi 767
Bagration, Peter Ivanovitch, Prince, ix
257; 260; at Friedland, 290; and the
war with Turkey, 485 ; and the invasion
of 1812, 489 sqq.
Bagyidaw, King of Ava, xi 727 sq.
Bahadur, King of Guzerat, vi 510
Shah, Moghul Emperor, vi 523 ; 531
Bahamas, the, landing of Colombo on, i
23; piracy in, v 691; vi 184; 380; re-
linquished by Spain, 464; government
of, xn 657
Bahawalpur, Nawab of, xi 736
Bahia (San Salvador), the Dutch and, iv
703 sq. ; retaken by the Spaniards, 705,
706; Oquendo at, 707, 708; 750, 752 sq.;
growth of importance of, v 676; 677;
VI 184; 389 sq. ; Portuguese troops in,
X 312, 314 sq.; blockade of (1823), 316
dos Vaqueiros (Mossel Bay) dis-
covered by Diaz, i 17
Bahr-el-Gazal, xn 130 ; taken by the Mahdi,
442; 449; France and, 660; 661; explo-
ration in, 811 sqq.
Baif, Jean Antoine de, ui 54 sq.
General Index,
235
Baikal, Lake, zii 344; and the Busso-
Japanese War, 577 sq. ; 794
Baikie, William, African traveller, xii 810
Bailleul, ceded to France, v 45
Jacques- Charles, member of the
Corps Legislatif, viii 610 sq., 515, 517
Bailli de Litta, Prior of the Bussian branch
of the Order of St John, viii 648
Baillie, Bobert, iv 317; 324
William, Lieutenant-colonel, defeat
of, VI 576, IX 714
Bailly, Antoine, French Inspector-general
of Finance, viii 74
Jean- Syl vain, vin 101; elected to
the States General, 131 sq., 153, 155,
157; Mayor of Paris, 165, 167 sqq., 200;
resigns, 225; guillotined, 357
Bainbridge, Cardinal Christopher, death
of, I 483
Bairactar, Pasha of Bustchuk, ix 388
Bairam Khan, Moghul general, vi 512
Baird, Sir David, General, viii 617; lands
at Corunna, ix 443; joins Moore, 445;
at Kosseir, 734; expedition of, to Cape
Colony, 752; xi 778
Baireuth, and Ansbach, v 622; margravate
of, VI 633; Frederick the Great and, 704;
principality of, reverts to Prussia (1792),
vni 530 ; proposed cession of, to Austria,
634 ; the boundary of, ix 262, 266; French
troops enter, 273 ; Soult at, 274 ; lost to
Prussia (1815), 656
Margraves, etc. of. See Brandenburg-
Baireuth
Baius, Michael, professor at Louvain, v 82
Baji Bao I, Peshwa, vi 531 sq.
II, Peshwa of Poona, xi 725 sq. ; 747
Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian writer, xi 426
Bakchi-serai, Treaty of (1680), v 506; vi
305; captured by the Cossacks, 306
Bakel, French outpost at, xii 129
Baker, Sir Samuel White, in Africa, xii
439; 809
Valentine (Baker Pasha), in Egypt,
xn 440 sq.
Major, at Dromore, v 307
Bakewell, Bobert, agriculturist, x 731
Bakkerzeel, Jan de Casembroot, lord of,
secretary to Egmont, in 216
Bak6cz, Thomas, Primate of Hungary, i
336 sq.
Baku, ceded to Bussia, v 545; evacuated
by Bussia, vi 304; labour agitation in,
xii 332; 342
Bakunin, Michael, Bussian revolutionary,
XI 219; 504; escapes from Siberia, 629;
630; XII 294; 296; Statecraft and Anarchy,
303; at Geneva, i&. ; 307; 758
Balaban, Turkish general defeated by
Scanderbeg, i 71
Balagny, Jean de Montluo, Sieur de,
Marshal of France, holds Cambray, iii
47, 669; ambassador to Poland, 85
Balaguer, captured by Starhemberg, v 426
Bala Hissar, xi 733; occupation of, 735
Balaklava, battle of, xi 319 sq., 364
Balashoft, Bussian Minister of Police, ix
487
Balassi, Valentine, Hungarian poet, xi 422
Balbini, Niccold, Italian Minister at Geneva,
II 387
Balbo, Conte Cesare, Italian patriot, ii 35;
IX 399; opinion of, on Italian priests,
401; X 109; 115; writings of, 167; 168;
XI 65 sqq. ; 70; 73 ; Piedmontese Minister,
80; 371; 547
Lorenzo, Spanish scholar at Alcalfi,
n 400
Baldiron, Imperialist commander, iv 41;
48; and the Engadine, 54 sq.; flight
of, 56
Baldissera, Antonio, Italian general, xn
241
Baldo, Monte, Prince Eugene crosses, v 402
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, grants
privileges to Venetians, i 254
Abraham, Georgian deputy, vii 246
Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory, the Biblio-
graphy of, I 611; II 19
Balearic Islands, prisoners sent to, xi 556,
668
Balfour, Arthur James, Secretary for Scot-
land, XII 45; Secretary for Ireland, 46,
48, 85 sq.; 52; Ministry of, 54; and the
Education Act, 57 ; and the War Office,
69; 90; 594
Gerald William, Secretary for Ire-
land, XII 87
Sir James, Act of Bevocation and,
IV 490; Traquair and, 503
Sir William, dismissal of, iv 297
Balkan Peninsula, 1812-33, Vol. x, Chap.
VI, passim ; evacuated by Bussia, xi 402)
Chap. XXII (2); 1870-1909, Vol. xii, Chap,
xiv; 6; 9 sqq.; 37 ; 57; Austria and, 211;
212 ; Italy and, 242 ; 341 ; the Powers
and, 728
Balkh, province of, vi 518; caravan route
through, XII 793; 800
Ball, Sir J. Alexander, naval captain at
Naples, VIII 658
Ballanche, Pierre-Simon, x 101
Ballarat, gold in, xi 796; 798
Ballard, John, and the Babington con-
spiracy, III 291
Ballenstadt, House of, v 618. See Bran-
denburg
Ballesteros, Francisco, Spanish general,
disgraced, ix 475; x 217; 227 sq. ; 231
Ballinamuok, French force surrenders at,
VIII 476
Ballot, African explorer, xn 129
Ball's Bluff, engagement at (1861), vn 469
Ballybay, Catholic demonstration at, x
647 sq.
Bally castle, battle at (1565), m 691
Ballymore, captured by Ginkel, v 317
Ballyneety, Sarsfield at, v 316
Balmaoeda, Jos6 Manuel, President of Chile,
xn 677 sq.
236
General Index,
Balmerino, Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Baron,
Jacobite, vi 114; 117
John Elphinstone, 2nd Baron, trial
of, IV 493 sq.
Balmont, K. D., Bussian poet, xii 333
Baltaji Mebemet, Grand Vezir, v 604 sqq.
Balta Liman, Convention of, xi 284
Baltasar Carlos, Infante, Isabel of Bourbon
and, IV 649 sq., 654; 658; death of, 659;
664
Baltic ConTention, The, xii 290 sq.
Powers (1780-1801), Vol. ix. Chap.
II, section 1, passim; 295 sq. See also
Eussia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia
Sea, struggle for supremacy in, n
228 ; corn and timber trade in, iii 631 ;
Imperial schemes as to, iv 193 ; United
Provinces and, v 146 sq. ; Eussia and,
343, 494, 520 ; Poland and, 344 ; Peter
the Great and, 526, 528; English fleet
in (1715-26), 551, 611, vi 24, 37, 59,
207; Sweden and, v 562 sq., 607; 615;
634; 638; trade in, vi 24, 28; 35; 57;
Eussia and, 304, 694, 733 ; non-inter-
vention in, by England, 408 sq. ; 754;
British trade with, vii 1, 4; British
operations in (1800-1), ix 51 sq.; results
of control of, by Napoleon, 241 sq. ; British
fleet in (1854), xi 317; 346; Germany
and, XII 171 ; 348
Baltimore, expedition against (1814) (later
abandoned), vii 344, 352 ; Union Manu-
facturing Co. of Maryland organised at,
353 ; emigration from, 359 ; Lincoln in,
449; fighting in (1861), 453 sq., 464,
469 ; Eepublican Convention at (1864),
599 ; railway from the Ohio to, 694
(Co. Cork), Spanish ships at, in 532
]3enedict Calvert, 4th Baron, vii 34
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron, vii 31,
33
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron, vii 34
George Calvert, 1st Baron, founds
Maryland, iv 747 ; patent of, 748 ; vii
31, 52, 74
Baltimore, U.S.S., affair of the, vii 666
Baltinglas, James Eustace, 3rd Viscount, iii
598
Baltringen, beginning of the Peasants' War
at, II 179
Baltzer, Johann Baptista, philosopher, xi
712
Baluchistan, the Emperor Humayun in,
VI 511 ; XI 731 ; 736 ; 753 ; xii 458 ; 485 ;
491
Balue, Cardinal Jean de La, Minister of
Louis XI, I 403, 415
Balzac, Honor6 de, vi 833; x 102; 516;
XI 427 ; 509 ; 516 ; novels of, 521 sq.
Jean-Louis-Guez, Seigneur de, in 72 ;
Member of French Academy, iv 156; v 70
Bamberg, see of, in 709, vi 704 ; Bavaria
insists on restoration of, iv 210 ; captured
by Horn, 213 ; Maximilian I at, ix 253 ;
273
Bamberg, Johann Georg Fuchs von Darn-
heim. Bishop of, and Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 207
Bamian, Moorcroft at, xn 800
Bancroft, George, xii 680; History of the
United States, 841
Eichard, Archbishop of Canterbury,
in 60, 343, 554, 563 sq.
Banda Islands, spices of, rv 734 ; Anglo-
Dutch struggle in, 735 ; agreement of
June 1619 and, 737; 738; captured by
the English, viii 484, ix 750; restored
to the Dutch (1814), 755
Neira, the Dutch and, rv 735 sq. ;
742; captured (1810), ix 240
Oriental (Uruguay), Portugal and, y
456, 680 ; X 281 ; 286 ; independence of,
300 sq. ; forms the Provincia Gisplatina,
316 ; XII 674 ; 680 ; Anglo-French action
in, 681; 690
Bandello, Matteo, Bishop of Agen. See
Agen
Bandiera, Attilio and Emilio, x 122 sq. ; xi
65, 67
Bandon, Tyrone and O'Donnell at, in 608
Bandula, Burmese general, xi 727 sq.
Ban^r, Gustaf, flight and death of, rv 172 sq.
Johann, Swedish Field-Marshal, iv
185 ; occupies Magdeburg, 207 ; holds Ba-
varia, 216 sq. ; in Silesia, 247 ; ordered to
invade Bohemia, 252 ; at Magdeburg, 255 ;
German War and, 366 sqq, ; at Eisenach,
372; falls back upon Torgau, 373; on
the Oder, 374; 378; 379; 383; death
of, 385; 390; Oxenstierna and, 569
Sten, flight and death of, rv 172 sq.
Banffy, Baron, Hungarian statesman, xn
199 ; 203 sq.
Banfy, George, in 98
Bangkok, British envoy at, xn 535 ; 536
Bangweolo, Lake, xu 663 ; Livingstone at,
809
Bankaert, Adrian van, Dutch naval com-
mander, V 195 sq.
Baukes, Sir John, and the ship-money case,
IV 283
Bankhem, Jan van, and the murder of the
de Witts, v 159
Banks' Peninsula, purchased by a French
company, xi 793
Banks, the Bank of England, established,
V 266 sqq.; vi 45; action of (1793-7), ix
675 sq. ; xi 5, 537; Banks of Amsterdam,
Genoa, and Venice, v 266, 268, 270; the
Caisse d'Escompte, viii 86, 96 sq., 694 sq. ;
Bank of France, created, ix 27; x 746;
the Land Bank of Poland, 455 sq. ;
Continental, in general, 746 sq. ; the
Banca Eomana and politics, xn 218;
the Eussian Peasants' Bank, 317 sq. ;
Eussian Gentry Bank, 318; Hong Kong
and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 513.
See also Coinage and Currency, etc.
Sir Joseph, and New South Wales,
IX 736 ; xn 805 sq.
General Index,
237
Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, American gen-
eral, VII 477, 603, 506, 514; the Red
Eiver expedition (1864) under, 620
Bantam, Dutch trade at, in 638; James
Lancaster at, iv 731 ; Edmund Scott at,
734 ; 735 ; English and Dutch ships
before, 736 ; English factory re-estab-
lished at, 740, V 697
Bantry Bay, French fleet in, viii 476 sq.,
IX 700
Baour-Lormian, Pierre-M.-F.-L., French
poet, VI 830 ; x 88
Bar, Duke of Lorraine does homage for, iv
142 ; recovery of Condi's fortresses in,
613 sq. ; Treaty of Pyrenees and, 620 ;
ceded to France, v 33 ; vi 165 ; Con-
federation of, 355, 668, 673, 730
Barailh, Admiral de, vi 110
Baraillon, Jean-Francois, French politician,
vm 678
Barajas, Francisco Zapata de Cisneros,
Count of, ni 618
Barante, Aimable-Guillaume-Prosper Bru-
giSre, Baron de, x 48 ; 51 ; and the Doc-
trinaires, 52-5 ; created a peer, 58 ; 67 ;
resigns office, 68; action of, in the
Chamber of Peers, 81 ; opposes the " law
of sacrilege," 87 ; 602 ; xii 830
Baratieri, General, Governor of Erythrea,
xn 240 sq.
Barbaczy, Joseph, commander of Skekler
hussars, vm 655 sq.
Barbados, Dutch forbidden to trade in, it
470 ; settlement of, 766 ; constitution of,
757 ; V 110 ; de Ruyter at, 179 ; 284 ;
286 sq. ; English government in, 689 sq.,
VI 186 ; 454 ; colonists from, in Carolina,
VII 34, 36 ; English colony in, 78 ; 87 ;
slaves in, 102 ; Nelson in, ix 224 ; govern-
ment in, 750, X 587 ; missionaries attacked
in, 658 ; XI 767 ; negroes in, xn 663 ;
654; 656; government of, 657
Barbantane-Pujet, Paul-F.-H.-B., Marquis
de, French commander, viii 439
Barbara, Queen of Poland, consort of
Sigismund IIL See Radzivil
of Braganza, Queen of Spain, consort
of Ferdinand VI, vi 166 ; 361 sqq. ;
death of, 366
Barbaresques. See Barbary pirates
Barbaro, Ermalao, humanist, i 657, 681
Marco Antonio, in 137 sq.
Barbarossa I (Horush), ii 68
II (Khair Eddin), n 68 sqq., 75 sqq.,
390; HI 105, 109; seizes Tunis, 110,
driven from it by Charles V, 111 ;
exploits of, 112 sq. ; gains victory near
Actium (1538), 114 ; takes islands from
Venice, 116 sq. ; 119; death of (1546),
120
Barbaroux, Charles- J.-M. , vin 231, 249 sq.,
260, 357
Barbary, Moriscos deported to, in 543 ;
French Consul established in, 694; French
trade with, vi 173 j 350
Barbary pirates, Spanish attacks on (1605-
10), I 365 sq.; expeditions against, ii
68 sq., 75 sq. ; and Italy, m 391, 399,
410 ; defeated by Fajardo, 540 sq. ; v 179 ;
X 19 sq.
Barbauld, Mrs (Anna Letitia Aikin), vm 764
Barb^-Marbois, Franpois de, Count and
Marquis of, French chargS d'affaires in
America, vi 462 ; vm 488, 607 ; ix 9 ; 116,
117; X 47; 49
Barberet, French labour politician, xn 94
Barberini, enrichment of the, by Urban
VIII, IV 684 ; and the quarrel with Parma,
685 sqq.
Cardinal Maffeo. See Urban VIII
Barb^s, Armand, French socialist, x 511;
XI 104 sq.; 108 sq.
Barbesieux, French commander against
Naples, II 69
Barbier, Edmond- Jean-Francois, diarist,
VIII 9, 12
Barbin, Claude, French statesman. Ministry
of, IV 122 sqq.
Barbo, Pietro. See Paul II, Pope
Barbon, Nicolas, Discourse of Trade, x
770
Barbosa, Arias, Portuguese Hellenist, i 379,
578
Barcelona, Treaty of (1529), n 25, 203;
Charles V sets sail from (1535), iii 111;
embarkation of Duke and Duchess of
Savoy at, 613; captured (1651), rv 618;
Philip IV and Olivares at, 647 ; revolt of,
648 sq.; 652; entry of La Motte into,
653 ; capitulation of (1652), 661 ; v 61 ;
taken by the French (1696), 62 ; 413 ; by
Peterborough (1705), 416 ; 432 ; siege of
(1713), 446; vi 29; 31 sq. ; Navarro's
squadron at, 236 ; trade of, vii 327 ;
British squadron at, ix 46 ; Duhesme
seizes (1808), 430 ; French forces at, 435,
436, 439; Gouvion Saint-Cyr at, 448;
Carbonaro agent sent to, x 213; revolts
in (1820), 216, 223, (1840), 241 sq., xi
660 ; XII 260 ; socialism in, 268
(Venezuela), Bolivar's flight to,
X 289
Barcelonnette, capture of, ni 416
Barclay, Robert Heriot, British naval com-
mander, VII 340
de Tolly, Michel, Prince, and the
invasion of 1812, ix 489 sqq. ; at Bautzen,
618 ; 519 ; replaces Wittgenstein, 520 ;
at Leipzig, 635 ; 538
Barcoo river, exploration of, xi 795 ; 798
Barcsay, Abraham, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Barczai, Achatius, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Bard, fortress of, ix 60
Bardeleben, Karl Alexander von, one of the
founders of the Tugendbund (1808), ix 328
Bardo, Treaty of, xn 129, 239
Bareilly, revolt at, xi 746
Barendsz. See Barents
C. M. H.
15
238
General Index,
Barentin, Charles-L.-F. de Paule de, Keeper
of the Seals, viii 145, 156
Barents, William, Dutch explorer, iii 632,
XII 795
Bar^re de Vieuzac, Bertrand, French
politician, viii 153, 249 ; at the King's
trial, 258, 262; on the Comite de Salut
Public, 269, 274, 343, 347, 362, 364 sq. ;
and the fall of Robespierre, 369, 375 ;
charges brought against, 380, 384
Barham, Admiral Sir Charles Middleton,
1st Baron, appointed First Lord of the
Admiralty, ix 224
Bari, the Viceroy Visconti at, vi 153 ; and
the Apulian aqueduct, xii 238
Duke of (Ludovico il Moro). See
Milan, Dukes of
Bariatinskii, Prince, ix 35
Barileff, Russian naval commander, xi
843 sq.
Barillon, Paul, Marquis de Branges, French
ambassador in England, v 219; 222; 227;
and James II, 231 sq., 235, 247
Baring, the financial house of, x 743; xi
10, XII 48
• Alexander. See Ashburton, Lord
Sir Evelyn. See Cromer, Earl
Sir Francis Thornhill, Lord North-
brook, XI 3
Walter, reports on the Bulgarian
massacres, xii 384
Barkul, Russian traveller at, xn 799; 802
Barlaam, Bernard, Greek scholar and
ambassador to Italy, i 540
Barlaeus, Caspar, iv 717
Barlaymont, Baron Charles, afterwards
Count of, adviser of Granvelle, ni 188,
191, 194; 198; taunts the Gueux, 203 sq.;
214; alienated by Alva, 216 sq., 226,
245
Bar-le-Duc, meeting of Francis I and Philip
of Hesse at (1534), n 220; the Old Pre-
tender at, VI 96, 98
Barlow, Captain Arthur, in Virginia, vii 3
Sir George Hilaro, in India, ix 730-1
William, consecrates Parker, ii 571
sq.
Barnabites, Order of the, founded, n 648
Barnabotti, Venetian party, i 282
Barnard, Sir Henry William, Lieutenant-
General, at Delhi, xi 746
Barnave, Antoine-P,-J.-M., member of the
National Assembly, viii 174, 182, 186 sqq.,
200 sq., 213 ; and the Court, 216 ; executed
(1793), 357
"Barnburners," The, vn 399
Barnes, Dr Robert, executed, ii 451
Thomas, editor of The Times, x 667
Barnet, Curtis, Commodore, in the East
Indies, vi 535
Barneveldt, Johan van Olden. See Olden-
barneveldt
Barnwell, Robert Woodward, Confederate
Senator, vn 605
Bare river, Marchand on, xu 813
Baroche, Pierre-Jules, French Minister of
the Interior, xi 131 sqq.; 294
Bar6czy, Alexander, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Baroda, captured by Wellesley, ix 726 ;
State of, XI 727
Malhar Rao, Gaekwar of, deposed,
xn 462
Barodet, D6sir6, French politician, xn 107
Baron, Pierre, of Cambridge, Protestant
refugee, ii 597
Baronets, Order of, creation of the, in
571
Baronius, Cardinal Caesar, ecclesiastical
historian, i 568, 609; the Armales Ec-
clesiastici of, iii 444; xn 816
Baross, G. de, Hungarian Minister, xn
198
Barrackpur, mutiny at, xi 729
Barradas, or Baradat, Franpois de, Seigneur
de Damery, favourite of Louis XIII,
driven from Court, iv 131
Barras, Count Louis de, French naval
officer, VI 453
Paul-F.-J.-Nicolas de, vin 249, 349,
352; and the fall of Robespierre, 366,
369; 378; and the insurrection of Ven-
deraiaire, 396; member of the Directory,
489 sqq., 494, 496, 503; and the Babeuf
conspiracy, 504 sq. ; 507, 563 sq., 669 sq. ;
and Brumaire, 675 sqq., 679
Barrault, seized by Lesdiguidres, ni 417
Barraux, fort at, in 417
Barr6, Isaac, Colonel, vi 425; 432; pensioned,
459
Barrier Fortresses, the, Joseph II razes, viii
277, 281
. Treaties (1709-15), v 424, 439 sq.,
448, 456 sqq.; vi 13, 23, 470; from 1715
to 1782, 640 sqq.
Barrington, Jonah, and the Union with
Ireland, ix 703
William Wildman Barrington, 2nd
Viscount, VI 406; 424 sq.; 427; 450;
VII 142
Samuel, Admiral, vi 451
Barron, James, American commodore, vn
329 sq.
Barrot, Camille-Hyacinthe-Odilon, x 507
sqq. ; XI 30; 32; and Thiers, 36 sq., 40;
42 ; 96 ; and the Revolution (1848), 99 sq.,
102; 108; and the Republican constitu-
tion, 115 sq. ; appointed Premier, 118;
119; and Pius IX, 121; 126; declines
office, 128 sq. ; Louis-Napoleon and, 133
Ferdinand, French statesman, xi 127;
129
Barrow, Henry, in 343, 345
Barruel, industrial experiments of, ix 376
Barry, Garret, in Munster, rv 525
Bar-sur-Aube, indecisive battle at (1814),
IX 545; Oudinot defeated at, 550
Bart, Jean, French seaman, v 59; 162
Bartenstein, Convention of (1807), ix 287,
289, 296
General Index,
289
Bartenstein, Baron Johann Christoph von,
Austrian statesman, vi 204; 626
Baxth, Heinrich, in Africa, xii 810 sqq.
Barth61emy, Francois, Marquis de, and the
Peace of Basel, viii 381, 383, 441 ; Director,
606; arrested (1797), 509 sqq.; trans-
ported, 612 ; ambassador to Switzerland,
639, 781; x 58
St Hilaire, Jules, French politician,
XI 118
Barthels, Jean Theodore, Belgian journal-
ist, X 532
Bartholdi, Friedrich Christian von, Bran-
denburg Minister at Vienna, v 664
Bartolucci, Vincent, x 138
Bartolus (Bartolus Severus de Alphanis,
d. 1355i, III 749
Barton, Andrew, taken at sea by Lord
Thomas Howard (1511), i 479
Elisabeth (the Holy Maid of Kent),
trial and execution of, n 441
Barwell, Richard, member of the Indian
Council, VI 571 sq.
Baryatinski, Eussian Field- Marshal, xii 139
Barzizza, Gasparino da. See Gasparino
Baschi, Perron de, French envoy to Rome,
I 110
Basedow, Johann Berend, German edu-
cational reformer, viu 772
Basel, Council of (1431-49), i 293, 385,
599, 623, 655, 668; Peace of (1499), 307;
joins Swiss Confederacy (1501), 308 ;
Greek books at, 599 ; the Reformation at,
II 328, 355; Evangelic Diet of (1530),
335; Conference of Swiss Reformers at,
339; Calvin and Erasmus at, 355; offer
of, for Saluzzo, iii 408; Compactates
of, 703; VI 616; 623; 625; Treaty of
(1795), vni 289, 381, 383, 386, 413, 422,
441, 651; IX 249, 592, 608; bishopric of,
96, 104, 601; and the Swiss Confedera-
tion, 105 ; manufactures of, 425 ; xi 234 ;
reaction in, 238; insurrections in, 241 sq.;
division of, 245 sq. ; 248 ; silk- weaving in,
259; 491; Nihilist Congress at, 629;
Labour Legislation Union at, xii 747
Christopher von Uttenheim, Bishop
of, n 324
Eugene Lachat, Bishop of, xi 258
Baselga, Gaspar, Swiss Catholic leader, iv
44
Bashkirs, rising of, vi 681
Bashmakoff, and Poland, xii 378
Basil n. Emperor of the East, v 483
Tsar (Vasili Shuiski). See Vasili IV
Basilicata, condition of the, xii 236 sqq.
Basing House, attempt of Waller to cap-
ture, IV 315 ; Charles I and, 324 ; taken
by Cromwell, 333
Basque provinces, in the Middle Ages,
I 352; occupied by the Carlists, x 236,
239; emigration from, to Spanish America,
276; XII 268; Carlist forces in, 260
Roads, Willaumez anchors in the, ix
238
Bass, George, explorations of, ix 740
Bassano, Hughes-Bernard Maret, Due de,
IX 10; receives the duchy of Bassano,
111; 141, 145; disaffection of, 572;
becomes Secretary of State, 616 ; x 494
Bassein (India), Treaty of (1802), ix 725,
727
(Burma), capture of, xi 742
Bassermann, Friedrich Daniel, Baden poli-
tician, XI 61 sqq. ; 146 ; 198 ; at the
Gotha meeting, 221
Basseville, Nicolas-Jean-Hugon de. Secre-
tary of the French legation, viii 581,
778
Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich von, Hol-
stein Minister, v 609
Colonel Adolphus Frederick von,
Hanoverian envoy at Stockholm, vi 36
Bassi, Antonietta, Countess Pasolini, xi
72
Matteo de*, founder of the Capu-
chins, II 647
Bassignano, Sardinians defeated at, vi
243
Basso, Protestant preacher in Tirano, death
of, IV 49
Bassompierre, Baron Francois de, Marquis
d'Harouel, Marshal of France, embassy
of, to Madrid, iv 50, 63; dix-sept sei-
gneurs and, 166 ; ambassador in England,
266
Bastia, captured by a British squadron,
vra 468
Bastide, Jules, French politician, xi 99;
118; 124
Bastille, fall of the, viii 164, 167, 191,
715, 755
Bastogi, Count Pietro, Italian statesman,
XI 638
Bast wick, John, punishment of, iv 280;
release of, 291
Basutoland, xi 783 ; annexed to Cape
Colony, 787; government of, xii 645
Basutos, and the Boers, xi 782 ; 783 sqq. ;
and the Orange Free State, 787
Batak, massacre at, xii 384
Batang, travellers at, xn 796 sq., 803 sq.
Batarnay, Ymbert de, i 403
Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies,
IV 710 sqq. ; foundation of, 736 ; power
of the Dutch at, 738; 740
Batavian Republic, existence of, recognised
by Holland, ix 78 ; 208 ; changes effected
by Bonaparte in, 88 sqq.; Napoleon's
dealings with, 416-7. See also Holland
Batbie, Anselme-Polycarpe, French poli-
tician, XII 108
Bate, John, his case, ni 557, 748
Batenburg, Dutch commander, relieves
Haarlem, rn 236
Bates, Edward, vii 445; Attorney-general,
460
William, Presbyterian divine, vi 803
Bath , John Bour chier, 4th Baron Fitzwarine,
2nd Earl of, supporter of Mary, n 514
16—2
240
General Index.
Bath, Sir John Grenville, let Earl of
(2nd cr.), Monck and, iv 656 sq. ; 558
William Pulteney, Earl of, vi 47;
66; 71; enters the Cabinet, 73; 74; 84
Thomas Thynne, l«t Marquis of
(Viscount Weymouth), vi 376 ; 424; 439 ;
resigns, 443; 447; 450
BAthory {or Batori), Andrew, Cardinal, iii
103
Christopher, in 97
Gabriel, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Sophia, V 352
Stephen, Judex Curiae of Hungary
(1491), I 339
Stephen, King of Poland. /See Stephen
B^thory
Bathurst, xi 790 ; discovery of gold at, 795
Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl, Lord
Chancellor, vi 443; 450
Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl, vu
363 sq.
Kichard, President of Trinity College,
Oxford, VI 791
Batififol, Pierre, French scholar, xii 848
Baton Rouge, arsenal at, vii 492
Batori, See Bathory
Battaglia, Francesco, Venetian senator,
VIII 685
Battambang, ceded to France, xn 536
Batten, Sir William, admiral, succeeded
by Rainborow, iv 347; with the fleet,
350
Battenberg, Prince Alexander of, xii 341
Batthyany, Balthasar, Minister of Matthias
Corvinus, i 343
Count Casimir, xi 212 sq. ; at Wid-
din, 215
Count Karl Joseph von, Austrian
general, vi 241 sq.
Count Ludwig, xi 155 sq. ; 172 ; 180
sqq.; forms a new Ministry, 183; 184;
arrest of, 203 ; 205 ; execution of, 214
Batuecas, Ostolaza imprisoned at, x 209
Batum, XII 33 ; ceded to Russia, 342, 398 ;
392 sq. ; 399
Baturin, destruction of (1708), v 600
Batz, Baron Jean de, viii 261
Batzlow, Prussian army at, vi 281
Bau, Danish victory at, xi 161, 695
Baudelaire, Charles-Pierre, French poet,
XI 511; 613 sq.
Baudin, Jean-B.-A.-V., French politician,
XI 136; 488
des Ardennes, Pierre-Charles-Louis,
member of the Legislative Assembly, viii
386, 394
Nicolas, French captain, in Aus-
tralia, IX 738-9
Baudissin, W. H. von, Swedish Field-
marshal, IV 220
Baudoin, French admiral, ix 239
Baudot, Marc-Antoine, member of the
National Convention, vm 427 sq.
Bauer, George (Georgius Agricola), v 738
Bauernfeld, Eduard von, Austrian dramatic
poet, XI 414 sqq.
Bauhin, Jean, naturalist, v 734
Baumann, Governor of Posen, x 464
Baumbach, Moritz von, Hesse -Cassel
Minister, xi 232
Baumgartner, Hieronymus, iii 169
Baune, Eugene, French politician, xi 136
Baur, Ferdinand Christian von, historian,
X 382; xii 847
Bausch, Johann Lorenz, and the Academia
naturae curiosorum, v 741
Bautzen, Prussian retreat near, vi 290;
battle of (1813), ix 519
Bava-Beccaris, General, xii 220
Bavaria, and the Reformation, n 169;
papal concessions to, ib.; persecution of
Lutherans in, 202; supports Charles V
(1545), 251; religious attitude of, iii 169
sqq., 173, 702 ; Treaty of Barwalde and,
IV 198; 208; policy of, 211; Tilly driven
into, 213 ; 214 ; Gusta vus Adolphus in,
215; Ban^r in, 216; 219; sufferings of,
during the war, 417 sq. ; cloth of, 421 ;
campaigns in (1646-8), 391 sqq., 597;
alliance of, with France, v 42, 47, 404;
407 ; and the Spanish Netherlands, 447 ;
451 ; and the Pragmatic Sanction, vi 202
sq. ; and the War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, 299 sqq.; 275; Austria and, 630 sq.,
633; projected exchange of, 644 sqq., vin
277, 281 sqq., 310, 312 sq., 533 sqq., 543;
VI 677; Frederick the Great and, 703 sq.;
707; Austro-Russian designs on (1795),
VIII 441, 549 ; 634 ; French revolutionary
ideas in, 776; Moreau marches into, ix
64 ; French acquisitions in, 68 ; 78 ; and
the Imperial Recess of 1803, 94 ; reform
of the Church in, 201 ; 202 ; joins France,
253; 262; receives Ansbach, 267; arrange-
ments for invasion of, 346 ; crux of the
war of 1809, 347 ; proposals of Metternich
to, 507; treaty with (1813), 633 ; territorial
changes in, 691; 592, 597; and the Con-
gress of Vienna, 609 sqq. ; and the Federal
Act, 660 ; ambition of, 658 ; disputes of,
with Austria, discussed by the Allied
Powers, X 19; 22; 32; ecclesiastical
affairs in, 146 sq. ; and German unity,
342 sq. ; and the Germanic Confedera-
tion, 343 sq.; disputes of, with Austria
and Baden, 346, 361 sq. ; Montgelas' rule
in, 359; Constitution of (1818), 359 sq.
363; and the Carlsbad meeting, 366
and the Vienna Conference (1819), 368
and the Triasidee, 369; 370; Liberal
measures by Ludwig I, 371 sq. ; and the
customs treaties, 372 sq., 378 sq. ; 374;
380; banking in, 746; 751; industries
in, 753 sq. ; xi 60 sq. ; the revolutionary
movement in, 146 ; 167 ; and the Frank-
fort Constitution, 218; and the Berlin
Conference, 220; 222 sq.; andtheHesse-
Cassel crisis, 229 ; 408 ; and the Austro-
Prussian War, 457 ; and the Zollverein,
General Index.
241
462 ; and the North German Confedera-
tion, 460 sq., 464 sq. ; and the G-erman
Empire, 465 sq.; and the Franco-German
War, 464; and the Austro-German alli-
ance, XII 145 ; 148 ; 747 ; Eiezler's history
of, 829
Bavaria, Dukes of: —
Albert V, n 681; iii 159-61, 172,
180
Maximilian I, afterwards Elector.
See under Electors
WiUiam IV, ii 172, 221, 224, 232 ;
and the League of Niirnberg, 235, 264
William V, iii 706 ; 709 sq.
Bavaria, Electors of : —
Charles Albert. See Charles VII,
Emperor
Charles Theodore, vi 647; 703; 707;
vin 281, 312, ix 40
Ferdinand Maria, and the Imperial
succession, iv 426, 430, v 41, 47
Maximilian I, in 573 ; 687 sq. ; 709 ;
718 sqq. ; a possible candidate for the
Imperial throne, iv 1; Jesuit influence
upon, 5 ; and the Catholic League, 12 ; and
the Imperial succession, 17; 22; 27; and
Ferdinand II's policy, 32 ; and the Pro-
testant Union, 33 ; empowered to occupy
Upper Austria, 34 ; at Linz, 64 ; 65 sq. ;
68; 69; counsels of, 73; 75; renounces
hold upon Upper Austria, 76; 77; con-
quers the Upper Palatinate, 78; 81; Tilly
and, 82; 83; Elector, 84; 88; 92; 93;
96; 100; 108; claims of, 109; Spiritual
Electors and, 110; self-confidence of, 111;
112; supports Elector of Saxony, 113; head
of the Moderate Party, 114; rift between
Ferdinand II and, 115; 116; scheme of
Bichelieu concerning, 129; 135; 141
orders Tilly to besiege Magdeburg, 199
203; on right bank of Danube, 208
Bichelieu and, 210; 213; at Donau
worth, 214; palace at Munich of, 215
with Wallenstein, 216 ; in Bohemia, 227
Emperor and, 231 ; 232 ; 237 ; correspond
ence between Bichelieu and, 238; 246
peace negotiations and, 252; 254; and
the Imperial succession, 373; 376; and
the truce of Ulm, 391; and France, 392;
at Salzburg, 393; 398; 401; Sabl^ and,
402 ; retains Upper Palatinate, 409 ;
French campaigns in Bavaria and, 597 ;
Mazarinand,602; 673; 677 ; Ferdinand II
and, 679; at Eatisbon, 680; Urban VIII
and, 683
Maximilian Emanuel, v 52 sq. ; 359 ;
366 sq. ; commander of the Imperial army,
368 ; marriage of, 377 ; and the Spanish
Succession, 384, 386, 388; alliance of,
with France, 404, 406 sqq.; at Donau-
worth, 409 ; at Blenheim, 410 ; 411 ; re-
storation of, 436; 438; 447; 450; 452;
and the Peace of Baden, 455
Maximilian (III) Joseph, vi 241 sq. ;
630 sq.; 703; 707
Bavaria, Electors of, contd. : —
Maximilian Joseph. See Maximi-
lian I, King of Bavaria
Bavaria, Anna of Austria, Duchess of,
consort of Albert V, in 159
Ernest of. Archbishop of Cologne.
See Cologne
Ferdinand of, in 708
Joseph Ferdinand, Electoral Prince
of, and the Spanish Succession, v 377,
382, 384 sq.; death of, 385; 386 sqq.;
659; 664
Lewis, Crown Prince of, at Vienna,
IX 582
Maria Antonia, Electress of, v 52;
377
Bavaria-Landshut, George the Eich, Duke
of, I 315
Ludwig, Duke of (d. 1543), ii 172,
251
Bavaria-Munich, Albert IV, Duke of, i 295
sqq., 299
Albert and Wolfgang, Dukes of, the
Landshut succession and, i 315
Bavarian Academy, Historical Commission
of, xii 827
Baxter, Eichard, New Model army and, iv
329 ; V 96 ; at the Savoy Conference, 97 ;
100; 201; imprisoned, 231; 238; and
Cromwell, 328; 329 sq.; 332; and James
II, 335 ; VI 799 ; Holy Commonwealth of,
801; 807
Bay Islands, xn 685; ceded to Honduras,
686
Bay of Islands, mission at, xi 793
Bayane, Alphonse Hubert de Latier, Comte
de. Cardinal, Papal plenipotentiary at
Paris, IX 195
Bayard, Pierre de Terrail, Seigneur de, i
133, 412, 481; ii 43; death of (1624), 48
Thomas Francis, vii 653 ; Secretary
of State, 662
Bayard -Chamberlain Treaty (1888), vii
659
Bayazid, demanded by Eussia, xn 392;
retained by Porte, 398
I, Ottoman Sultan, war of, with
Venice, i 259, 278
II, Ottoman Sultan, i 82, 85-90,
114, 224, 229
younger son of Solyman II, in 124
Bayer, Chancellor to John Frederick of
Saxony, ii 211
Joseph, Hungarian officer, xi 214
Bayeux, surrenders to Henry IV (1589),
III 48
Bayham, riot at (1525), ii 434
Bayle, Pierre, pupil of Chouet, iv 791;
VIII 4; Dictionary ^ 6; 32
Baylen, capitulation of Dupont at (1808),
IX 137; 315 sqq., 326, 437 sqq., 565
Francis Xavier de Castanos, Duke
of. See Castanos
Bayol, African explorer, xn 129
Bayonne, Conference at (1566), in 7, 8,
242
General Index,
20, 271, 282, 489 ; French force at, ix
301 sqq. ; 304 ; Napoleon at, 313 ; 316 ;
322 ; constitution issued by Joseph from,
406; Murat summoned to, 410; Dupont's
army at, 430 ; Ferdinand VII abdicates
at, 432; 433; Joseph Napoleon, pro-
claimed King at (1808), 434; Soult and
Wellington at (1813), 480 sqq. ; Narvaez
at, XI 559; harbour of, xii 102
Bayonne, Jean de Moustiers de Froissao,
Bishop of, II 270
Baza, capture of (1489), i 358
Bazaine, Francois - Achille, Marshal of
France, xi 479; leaves Mexico, 484;
496 ; 498 ; 583 ; 586 sq. ; takes over the
command, 588; conduct of the war by,
589 sqq.; capitulates at Metz, 603 sq.;
611
Bazard, Amand, x 485
Bazeilles, fight at, xi 598
Bazire, Claude, viii 249, 340, 363
Beachy Head, battle of (1690), v 69, 258,
261, 263, 315
Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl
of, X 669; the novels of, 724, xi 357;
11; and Protection, 20; Chancellor of
tbe Exchequer, 21, 328; 309 sq.; 330;
and the Reform Bill of 1867, 341 sq.;
rivalry of, with Gladstone, 342 sq. ; and
Irish Disestablishment, 344; resigns,
345 sq. ; and Portugal, 574; and the
Suez Canal, 638, xii 433; xi 757; xii 14;
resigns, 23; refuses office, 29; Ministry
of (1874-80), 30 sqq.; and Gladstone,
30 ; created Earl, 33 ; resigns, 36 ; 37 sq. ;
40 ; 46 ; 72 ; and Irish education, 75 ;
and the Berlin Congress, 142, 394, 399 ;
383; and the Russo-Turkish War, 389;
and Greece, 402 ; and Cyprus, 415 ; and
Lord Mayo, 458, 463 ; and Afghanistan,
465 sq.; 468; 472; 474; 774
Beales, Edmond, political agitation of,
XI 340
Beard, John, and the East India Company,
v700
Bdarn, offered to Henry of Navarre, in
510; Perez escapes to, 516; restoration
of the Catholic religion in, 668, 681 ;
restoration of ecclesiastical property in,
IV 125 ; Louis XIII and, 126 sq. ; perse-
cution of Protestants in, v 24; and the
Provincial Assemblies, viii 111 ; and the
States General, 128
Beattie, James, poet, vi 830
Beauchamp, Edward Seymour, Lord, in
361, 534
Joseph, mission of, to Constanti-
nople, VIII 608
Beaufort (N. Carolina), captured (1862),
vn 552
(S. Carolina), British detachment at,
VII 219
Franpois de Vendome, Duke of, and
let ImportantSy iv 596; escape of, from
Yincennes, 609 ; joins rebels, 611 sq. ;
made Governor of Paris, 617; kills
Nemours, ib.; Admiral (1666), v 182
sq., 187
Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal, ii 531
Louis de, historian, xn 817
Beaugency, Peace of (1485), i 393; Cond^
at, III 2; de Coligny at, 5; French
troops at, XI 605 sq.
Beauharnais, Alexandre, Vicomte de, vni
179, 339 ; commands the army of the
Bhine, 424; ix 107
Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenberg.
See Leuchtenberg
Eugene de, Duke of Leuchtenberg,
Prince of Eichstadt, inEgypt, viii 606, 616;
IX 107 ; 195 ; Napoleon's Arch-Chancellor
of State, 110; 139; Viceroy of the Italian
Kingdom, 247; 355; 394; wedding of,
265; Napoleon's advice to, 395; rule of,
396 sq. ; advised by Napoleon to annex
March of Ancona, 400 ; and the Russian
campaign, 488 sqq.; replaces Murat at
Posen, 511; forced to evacuate Posen,
512 ; reaches Frankfort, 513-4 ; at Nedlitz,
515; and the French throne, 555; at
Congress of Vienna, 583; x 338
Hortense de, ix 107; 139
Josephine de {nee Tascher de la
Pagerie). See Josephine, Empress of
France
Stephanie, marries Hereditary Prince
of Baden, ix 265, x 361
Beaujeu. See Bourbon
Beaujolais, The, customs of, v 13
Mademoiselle de, vi 126; 139 sq.
Beaujon, Nicolas, farmer-general, viii 71
Beaulieu, Baron Jean-Pierre de, Austrian
commander, viii 420, 435; in Italy, 558,
565 sqq., 572
Beaulieu-Marconnay, Baron Karl von,
Oldenburg Minister, xi 151
Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de,
French dramatist, vi 359, 823; vn 210;
viii 725
Beaumont, engagement at, xi 596
C. de, Archbishop of Paris. See
Paris
Francis, dramatist, in 381 ; iv 760
Sir Lewis, Arctic expedition of, xii
815
Mme de, ix 24
Beaune, revolt of (1595), in 667
la Rolande, German victory at, xi
604 sq.
Florimond de, v 711
Jacques de. See Semblan<?ay
Beauregard, Pierre- Gustave Toutant, Con-
federate general, vii 465 sq. ; at Richmond,
478; evacuates Corinth, 499; succeeded
by Bragg, 606; in Tennessee, 524; and
peace negotiations, 542; 665
Sylvain Costa de, x 114
Beausse, de, in Madagascar, v 703
Beauvais, Auguste Potier, Bishop of, and
Mazarin, iv 596
General Index,
243
Beauvais de Pr6aux, Charles-Nicolas, French
deputy, VIII 247
Beaver Dam, American force captured at
(1813), VII 341
Bebel, Ferdinand August, Socialist poli-
tician, XII 153
Heinrich, German humanist, ii 152
Beccadelli, Antonio (Panormita), his Her-
maphroditus, ii 3 ; in 470
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, Marquis di,
Italian economist, vi 602; 687; viii 13,
743 sq., 748 sqq., 777; ix 169
Beccatello, Lodovico, ii 398
Becher, Johann Joachim, chemist, v 731
Bechtold, Baron Philipp, Hungarian
general, xi 182
Bechuana tribes, and the Boers, xi 782
Bechuanaland, xi 761; 789; xii 3; annexed
to the Cape, 638
Beck, Baron John de. General, in Flanders,
IV 598; death of, 599
Baron Wladimir von, Austrian
statesman, xii 203; Ministry of, 207
sq.; fall of, 209; 210
Beckenried, Catholic League of (1524), ii
325
Becker, Nicolaus, German poet, xi 49 ; 412
Beckerath, Hermann von, German Liberal
leader, xi 53; 58; 166; 199; at the
Gotha meeting, 221
Beckford, William, x 698; 709; 716
Becquerel, Henri, physicist, xii 789
Beda, Noel, doctor of the Sorbonne, n 285
Bedchamber Plot, The, x 678
Bedeau, Marie-Alphonse, French general,
XI 100; 104; 113; imprisoned, 136
Bedford, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of, n
567; in 280
Francis Russell, 5th Duke of, viii
760
John Russell, 1st Earl of, n 475.
495, 499, 517
John Russell, 4th Duke of, vi 424
sqq.; at Paris, 346, 428; 430; and the
Regency Act, 434; 439; 489
John Russell, 6th Duke of, becomes
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, ix 707
Gunning, Governor of Delaware, vii
246, 261
Bedingfield, Sir Henry, supporter of Queen
Mary, custodian of Princess Elizabeth,
II 514, 529, 635
Bedloe, William, and Titus Gates, v 222;
334
Bedmar, Alonso de la Cueva, Marquis of,
cooperates with Osuna against Venice,
IV 632 sq. ; and the Spanish plot against
Venice, 671
Bednore, taken by Tipu Sultan, vi 469
Beele, Sloet van de. Governor- General of
the Dutch East Indies, xi 668
Beeli, George, Swiss Catholic leader, iv 44
Beer, Adolf, historian, xii 829
Beernaert, Auguste, Belgian statesman, xu
251; 253
Beets, Nicolaes, Dutch writer, xi 676
Beg, Jakub, ruler of Kashgar, xi 632
"Beggars of the Sea." See Guevx de Mer
Behar, vi 556; Clive and, 564; famine in,
XII 464
Behic, Armand, French Minister of Public
Works, XI 476
Behlol, Sultan, founds his dynasty, vi 608
Behmaru hills, British defeat at, xi 733
Behn, Aphra, v 129; 136
Behr, Johann August Heinrich von, Saxon
Minister, xi 220
Behring, Vitus, rediscovers Behring Strait,
xn 794
Sea, the sealing question in, vii
666 ; XII 617 ; arbitration, 720 sq.
Strait, XII 794; explorers in, 814 sq.
Beilan, pass of, Ibrahim defeats Hussein
at (1832), X 550
Beilul, Italian occupation of, xn 240
Beira (Mozambique), railway from, to Salis-
bury, XII 639
(Portugal) ,Mass6na's advance through,
1x460
Beirout, bombarded (1840), x 569, 571
Beja, occupied by Mollelos, x 333
Bek, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, i 301
Bekbulatovich, Simeon, of Kazan, v 492;
497
Bekk, Johann Baptist, Baden statesman,
XI 61
Bekker, Immanuel, writings of, xn 821
Bekos, Russian force at, x 553
Belasi, Johann Jacob Kuen von. Arch-
bishop of Salzburg. See Salzburg
Belcher, Jonathan, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, VII 65
Belchite, Suchet's victory at (1809), ii 454
Belcredi, Count Richard, Austrian Minister
of State, XII 183 sq.
Beldenak (Jens Andersen). See Odense,
Bishops of
Belem, flight of Portuguese royal family
from, IX 304
Belemzada, Portuguese plot, x 338
Belfast, taken by Schomberg (1689), v 312 ;
volunteer defence corps in, vi 496 ; Society
of United Irishmen at, ix 694; volunteers
of, 695; prosperity of, 708; Queen's
College, XII 29, 71 sq.
Belfort, revolt in, iv 43 sq. ; military arrests
at, X 76 ; rising at, 492 ; French force at,
XI 582, 584 ; 694 ; siege of, 604, 606, 608
sq. ; 612 ; the Peace of Frankfort and,
xn 95
Belgiojoso, Christina, Princess of, xi 85
Count, VI 651
Belgium. {See also Netherlands, seventeen
provinces of the, Spanish and Austrian,
and Kingdom of the.) France and, v 58;
the Grand Alliance (1701) and, 398 ; and
the Barrier Treaty, 424; vi 237; 273;
Dutch garrisons in, 640 sq. ; plans of
Joseph II as to, viii 277, 281, 293, 317
sq.; rebellion in (1787), 318 sqq., (1789),
244
General Index,
827 sqq. ; Bepublio of, vi 653, viii 331 sq.;
mission of Dumouriez to, 224 ; Leopold II
and, VI 655 sq., vin 335 sq. ; invaded and
occupied by the French (1792), 415 sqq.;
evacuated by the French (1793), 421 ;
incorporated into the French Eepublic
(1795), 496 sq. ; conscription in, 519 ;
influence of the French Bevolution in,
786 sq. ; ceded to France, ix 69 ; French
troops in, 208 ; proposal to unite with
Holland, 259 ; Napoleon resolves not to
cede, 549 ; French driven out of, 550 ;
campaign of 1815 in, 622 sqq. ; the
Btumbling-block of Europe, 653 ; incorpo-
rated with Holland in the Kingdom of
the Netherlands, 605 sq., 654 sq. ; 668,
670; Vol. X, Chap, xvi 'pasiim\ 39;
and Ehenish Prussia, 381 ; revolt (1830)
in, 480 ; France and, 482 sqq. ; Casimir
Perier and, 487 sq. ; 489 ; French inter-
vention in, 490; independence of, 505 sq.;
industries in, 744, 753 sq., 755 sqq. ;
roads, canals, and railways in, 744 sqq. ;
joint-stock companies in, 747 ; the com-
mon lands of, 749 ; the customs tariff in,
752; 762
Belgium, modern kingdom of (1839-70), Vol.
XI, Chap. XXIII (2) ; 9 ; 28 ; the Jesuits in,
67 ; the Risquons Tout in, 106 ; French
exiles in, 140 ; 308 ; 447 ; France and, 462 ;
Napoleon III and, 483, 496; neutrality
of, 577 sq. ; literature in, 676 ; and China,
819 ; affairs in (1870-1909), xii 250 sqq. ;
3 ; 11 ; Great Britain and, 28 ; and
Japan, 644 ; 621 ; 658 ; and the Congo
State, 662 sq. ; and the partition of Africa,
665 ; local government in, 734 ; factory
legislation in, 747 ; social movements in,
755, 762 sq. ; 842
Belgrade, siege of (1456) by the Turks, 1 69;
capture of (1521) by the Turks, 93, 337,
n 151 ; Solyman II at, iii 107, 118, 125;
Turkish army at, 122 ; taken by the
Emperor (1688), v 56, 368 ; recaptured by
the Turks (1690), 61, 369; 346; 359;
Kara Mustafa at, 363 sq. ; 367, 370;
VI 29 ; 32 ; 198 ; 203 ; captured by Laudon,
648, VIII 292, 326; Peace of (1739), vi
308, 674 ; viii 324 ; Janissaries at, ix
387; evacuated by the Turks, xi 634;
647; XII 386; 392; 407; 412; revolution
in, 413
Belgrano, and the revolution in Buenos
Ayres, x 278
Beliardi, Abb6, Agent-general in Spain, vi 351
Belin, Jean-Franpois de Faudoas, Comte de,
Governor of Paris, iii 662
Belize, the United States and, xii 685
river, the English on, v 687
Bell, Dr Andrew, and elementary education,
1x692
Archibald, Lieutenant, in Australia,
XI 791
John, American politician, vn 439 sq.,
445
Bell, Mark, travels of, in Asia, xii 802
Bell, The, Eussian journal. See Kolokol
Bellamy, French political agent, vn 321
Bellarmin, Eoberto, Cardinal, Jesuit theo-
logian, I 611; controversies of, in 744,
749, 752; on the State, 757-9; iv 4; and
ultramontanism v 75 ; vi 805
Bellasis, John Bellasis, 1st Lord, v 220
Bellay. See Du Bellay
Belleau, Eemy, in 55
Belleek, battle at, ni 604
Belief onds, Bernardin Gigault, Marquis de.
Marshal of France, v 59
Bellegarde, Comte Henri de. General, ix
65; 68, 347, 349
Koger de Saint Lary de. Marshal of
France, Governor of Saluzzo, in 408
Eoger de Saint Lary et de Termes,
Duke of. III 47
Belle Isle, French fleet at, v 183 ; vi 426 ;
ceded to France, 428 ; Portuguese vessels
at, X 326 sq.
Belleisle, Charles-L.-A. Fouquet, Duke of,
Marshal of France, vi 230 sqq. ; retreats
from Prague, 236 ; 239 ; in Italy, 245 ;
339; 362
Bellenden, Sir William, dismissed, v 284
Bellew, Sir Edward, x 634
Belliard, Count Augustin Daniel, French
general, vm 603, 614, 617 sq.
Bellin, Christian von, iv 89 sq.
Bellings, Sir Eichard, v 204
Bellini, Gentile, paints the portrait of
Mohammad II, i 85; 284
Laurentio, anatomist, v 729
Vincenzo, the music of, x 129 sq.
Bellinzona, given to the Swiss by Louis XH,
n 308
Bello, Francesco, " the Blind Man of
Ferrara," in 461
Bellomont, Eichard Coote, Earl of, Governor
of Massachusetts, and of New York, vii
64
Belloy, Pierre-Laurent-Buyrette de, French
writer, vi 831
Belluno, Austrian occupation of, xi 86
Claude Perrin, alias Victor, Due de.
See Victor
Belmont (Cape Colony), Boers defeated at,
XII 642
(on the Mississippi), indecisive en-
gagement at (1861), VII 494
Belmonte, Prince of, arrested (July 19, 1811) ,
IX 383 ; resigns office, 384
Beloch, Julius, historian, xii 845
Below, Frau von, vi 217
Belturbet, captured by Col. Wolseley (1689),
v313
Bern, Joseph, Polish exile and Hungarian
general, at the defence of Vienna, xi 188;
in Transylvania, 204 sqq. ; 209 ; defeat
of, at Temesvdr, 211 ; 213 ; at Widdin,
215
Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, Bishop of Ber-
gamo, Italian Latinist, i 56, 545, 560,
General Index.
245
664; 11 16-20, 30, 118; the Oratory of
Divine Love and, 379 ; iii 458 sqq.
Benares, Warren Hastings and, vi 578 sqq.,
582, 584
Benavente, Paget defeats the French at
(1808), n 445
Benbow, John, Admiral, x 272
Benburb, victory of Owen O'Neill at, rv
530
Benckendorff, General Count Alexander
von, and the Eussian secret societies,
X 439 ; 443 ; chief of Russian Secret Police,
XI 263
Bender, Eussian capture of, vi 673
Bendereff, Bulgarian Minister of War, xii
408
Bendigo, gold in, xi 796
Benecke, Georg Friedrich, xn 823
Benedek, Field- Marshal Ludwig von, xi 46;
452 sq.
Benedetti, Francesco, the Cola di Rienzo,
X 125
Count Vincent, French diplomatist,
XI 313; 388; and Bismarck, 454; 457;
and the King of Prussia, 463, 578 ; 483 ;
495 ; Minister at Turin, 531 ; 577
Benedetto, Fr^, and Savonarola, i 188
of Mantua, the Beneficio della morte
di Gristo, ii 389
Benedict, St, i 534
XIII (Pietro Francesco Orsini) , Pope,
VI 140; 587; 589
XIV (Prosper© Lambertini), Pope,
VI 228; Concordat of, with Spain, 365;
384 ; and the Jesuits, 386, 592 ; 689 sq. ;
and France, 691 ; 601 ; xi 706
Benedictines, guardians of books in the
Middle Ages, i 534 ; literary enterprise of,
592 ; at Oxford and Cambridge, 643 sq. ;
Spanish, 651. See also Eeligious Orders,
St Maur, etc.
Benedictus Deus, the Bull (1564), confirms
decrees of the Council of Trent, n 686
Benedix, Eoderich, German dramatist, xi
414 sqq.
Benevento, trade of, iii 438 ; vi 694 ; re-
stored to the Papacy, 595 ; occupied by
Naples, VIII 650; declared to belong to
the Church, ix 189 ; granted to Talleyrand,
194; 268; no longer held by Talleyrand,
684 ; claimed by Naples, x 132 ; rising in,
160
Giovanni Della Casa, Archbishop of,
II 384; III 466; 474
Benevolences, under James I (1614), in 661,
574; asked for by Charles I (1626), iv
265
B6n6zech, Pierre, Minister of the Interior
under Directory, vni 490, 508
Benfeld, Swedes at, iv 381
Benfield, Paul, servant of East India
Company, vi 576
Bengal, English settlements on the coast
of, IV 742; the Dutch in, v 695, 697; 698;
defeat of the English in, 699; French
factory in, 703 ; 704 sq. ; Vol. vi, Chap
XV passim; 429; government of, 445 ; 464;
Permanent Settlement of (1793), ix 711
sqq., 732; 722; 728; xi 727; Dalhousie
and, 744 ; 751 ; military system of, 752 sq.;
famine in, xn 464; Tenancy Act in, 480;
partition of, 494 sqq.
Bengal, Nawab Nazim of, legal rights of,
IX 711
Benguela, Cameron at, xn 810
Benivieni, Girolamo, poet, n 702
Benjamin, Judah Philip, Confederate Secre-
tary of State, vn 578, 604
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington. See
Arlington
Bennett, C, and photography, xn 783
Eichard, and O'Connell, x 630
Bennigsen, Comte Levin Auguste Th6ophile
de, Eussian general, ix 49 ; 60, 251,
259, 261; occupies Warsaw, 283-4;
commander-in-chief, 285; retreats to
Konigsberg, 286; at Friedland, 290;
desires peace, 291; at Tilsit, 297; and
the invasion of 1812, 489 sqq.; in Bo-
hemia, 531; 533, 537; at Leipzig, 638
Count Alexander Levin von, xi
148
Eudolf von, Hanoverian statesman,
XI 407; xn 146; 151
Bennington, victory of Starke at (1777),
vn 215
Benoit, French socialist, xn 123
Benon, captured by La Noue, m 27
Bentham, Jeremy, vi 814; 821; vin 748,
755, 769; Treatise on Legislation, ix
175; and Parliamentary reform, 688; in-
fluence of, X 4; and the American re-
publics, 38; 229; and the Tsar, 418; 585;
achievements and political views of,
694 sqq. ; and parliamentary reform, 602 ;
609; 661; and James Mill, 778; and
Eobert Owen, 780; and William Thompson,
ib.; XI 756 sq.; colonial views of, 765 sq.;
xn 734
Bentinck, William, Earl of Portland. See
Portland
Lord George, attacks Sir Eobert Peel,
XI 11; 16; death of, 20
Lord William Cavendish, British
commander in Sicily, ix 383; insists on
removal of Queen of Naples, 384 ; super-
sedes Murray, 479; 699; in India, 731;
Governor- General of India, xi 724;
729 sqq.
Bentivegna, Francesco, Baron, xi 380
Bentivoglio, Giovanni, 1 112, 123 ; Julius II
and, 128, 245
Bentley, Eichard, English scholar, i 582 ;
V 125 ; and the Epistles of Phalaris, xn
816
Bentonville, Slocum attacked at (1865), vn
630
Benue river, xn 130; 659 sq.; explorers on,
807 sq., 810 sq.
Benvenuti, Cardinal, taken prisoner, z 165
246
General Index,
BeobachteTf Oesterrischischer, x 367; 365
Stuttgart, suppressed, x 369
B^ranger, Pierre- Jean de, x 88 ; and the fall
of MoU, 510; XI 24
Berar, cession of, xi 743
Kajah of, hostility of, ix 722; 726;
XI 725 sqq.
Berard (Berardus Bonjoannes, Bishop of
Gamerino), nuncio in Poland, in 81-2
Berard, Auguste-Simon-Louis, French poli-
tician, X 477 sq.
Beraun Valley, Belleisle in, vi 236
Berber, taken by the Mahdi, xn 442; 443;
448; travellers at, 805 sq.
Berbers, of Africa, iii 682
Berbice, Dutch colony of, iv 709; occupa-
tion of (1796), IX 750, 753, 755; ceded to
Great Britain (1814), x 620; xi 667
river, the Dutch on, vi 186
Berchet, Giovanni, x 124; 126
Berchtold, Count Frederick, xi 654
Berdayeff, Eussian Liberal, xii 333
Berenger, E6n6, French politician, xn
107
Beresford, Lord George, and the Waterford
election, x 644
John, dismissal of, ix 698 sqq.
William Carr Beresford, Viscount
(general), sent to reorganise the Portuguese
army,ix448; withWellesley, 451; marches
into Spanish Estremadura, 462-3 ; Wel-
lington joins, 466; at Albuera, 467; 468;
marches on Bordeaux, 481; in Buenos
Ayres, 753, x 281 ; in Portugal, 312
Berezina river, Charles XII crosses, v 598;
Napoleon's crossing of, ix 501 sqq.
Berezoflf, Menshikoff banished to, v 654;
iron-works at, xi 618; founded by Cos-
sacks, xn 794
Berezowski, attempts to assassinate the
Tsar, XI 484
Berg, secured by Neuburg at the Treaty of
Cleves, IV 409 ; duchy of, v 350 ; 627 sq. ;
643 ; VI 226 ; 231 ; grand duchy of, granted
to Murat, ix 267, 409-10 ; and the Central
Administration, 587; cession of, to Prussia,
692, 657; regiment of, 623
Duke of (1423), invested with Gelders,
1424
William IV, Duke of. See Julich-Berg
Grand Duke of. See Murat
See also Jiilich-Cleves-Berg
Kristen, Danish politician, xn 292
Bergaigne, Joseph de, Archbishop of Cam-
bray. See Cambray
Bergamo, acquired by Venice, i 280; demo-
cratic revolt at, viii 584 sq.
Nicholas Lippomano, Bishop of, n
30
Vittorio Soranzo, Bishop of, Italian
reformer, n 390, 398
Bergasse, Nicolas, member of the National
Assembly, vni 173, 178, 183
Bergedorf, meeting of Hanse Towns at, iv
92
Bergen, spoliation of the Church at, n 618 ;
naval battle off (1665), v 110; 182; port
of, VI 737
Olaf Thorkildsson, Bishop of, n
618
Gebel Pedersson, Bishop-elect of, n
620
Bergen-op-Zoom, Conference at (1600), m
534 ; Twelve Years' Truce signed at (1609),
540; besieged by Spinola, 655, rv 81;
taken by the French (1747), vi 248, 331;
Pichegru captures, vin 436; fight at
(1799), 662 ; occupied by Napoleon (1810),
IX 370
Jan van Glimes, Marquis of, m
194-5, 201, 206, 207, 227-8
Bergenroth, Gustav Adolf, and Kanke, xn
827
Berger, Jean- Jacques, Prefect of the Seine,
XI 119; 303
Johann Nepomuk, Austrian states-
man, xn 187
See Lund, Archbishops of
Bergerac, Treaty of (1577), m 32
Bergeyek, Count, Spanish diplomatist, v
420
Bergh or Berg, Herman, Count van den
(son of Count William), in 626
Henry, Count van den (son of Count
William), at Hertogenbosch, rv 693
William (IV), Count van den, m
217, 222, 257
Berghausen, Austria and, vi 633
Berghen, Marquis of. See Bergen-op-
Zoom
of, IV 41; Synod at
Imperial envoy to
Colonel, VI 749;
Bergiin, importance
(1618), 46 sq.
Bergues, Sieur de,
England, i 477
Beringskjold, Magni
751
Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, vi 40 ;
54 sq. ; 77 sqq. ; 806 ; vn 58
George Cranfield, British vice-ad-
miral, VII 329 sqq.
Sir Eobert, judge, IV 283; committed
to custody, 287
Sir Wilham (d. 1677), Governor of
Virginia, vn 8 sq. ; 34, 59
Sir William (d. 1666), vice-admiral,
V 184
of Stratton, John, 1st Baron, Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, v 305
of Stratton, John, 3rd Baron, pro-
prietary of New Jersey, vn 41, 47
Berks, Bavarian Minister of the Interior,
XI 146
Berkshire, Parliament and, iv 549
Berleburg, Count Casimir von, v 761
Berlichingen, Gotz von, the Peasants' Eising
and, n 182 sq., 187 sq.; deserts the peas-
ants, 189
Berlier, Comte Th^ophile, member of the
National Convention, vin 386 ; ix 151 ;
163
General Index,
247
Berlin, German Calvinists in, iv 5 ; 199 ;
Gustavus Adolphus and George William
at, 200; march of Gustavus Adolphus
upon, 203 ; Saxon and Imperialist troops
in, 367; Cartesian philosophy in, 786;
V 594; 618; foundation of, 620; 625;
639 ; 645 ; French colony at, 646, 670 ;
669 ; VI 217 sq. ; Government depart-
ments at, 222 ; Eussian Company in,
224; 240; 244; 253; 265; 267 sq. ;
287 sq.; 292 sq.; occupied by Eussian
and Austrian troops, 296, 326 ; 297 sq.;
316 ; 327 ; Nivernais at, 334 ; 713 ; 718 ;
factories in, 719 ; Reichsbank at, 721 ;
Kolych6ff despatched to, ix 36; nego-
tiations between France and Eussia
centred in, 41 ; anti-French feeling at
Court of, 249; 250; Treaty of Paris
ratified at, 266 ; British Minister recalled
from, ih.; popular excitement in, 272;
Napoleon marches on, 274, 277; French
enter (1806), 279; Davout at, 278;
Napoleon at, 281 ; Fichte at, 326 ; Uni-
versity established at, 327 sq. ; Stein
at, 329; Militdrische Gesellschaft at, 332;
return of King and Queen to (1809), 334,
336 ; Schill departs from, 357 ; Turkish
embassy established at, 386 ; Grenier
at, 512 ; Frederick William leaves, ib. ;
Tettenbom in, 514 ; guarded by Biilow,
518 ; Oudinot marches on, 620, 523,
525; retreats from, 526; importance of,
X 349; 363; relations between Eome
and, 381 ; literary circle in, 404 ; secret
societies in, 453 ; industrial undertakings
in, 732, 744, 754, 757 sq. ; the open
plough-fields of , 749 ; Gewerbeinstitut at,
752; XI 52; 54; insurrection in, 151;
the revolutionary movement in, 156 sqq. ;
the "March Days" in, 157 sqq.; 188; the
"National Assembly" at, 192 sq. ; dis-
turbance in, 218; and the Hesse-Cassel
crisis, 229 sq. ; 450; xn 12; Tsar Alex-
ander II in, 97; meeting of the Emperors
at, 139 ; 150 ; African Conference at, 659 ;
University of, 820 ; 821 ; 824
Peace of (1742), vi 235, 240, (1850),
XI 225; Alliance of (1788), vi 709; Decree
(1806), vn 330 sq., 333, 353, ix 283, 361,
364 sq., 378; Convention of (1833), x 39,
376; Conference of (1849), xi 220, (1866),
458, (1880), xn402 8q.; (1884-5), 3, 130,
256, 662 sq.; (1889), vii 663; Congress
(1878), xn 33; 98; 124 sq. ; 153; Italy
and, 158, 239; 192; the Armenians and,
416 ; and Eussia, 341 sq.; 394 sqq.; 408;
414; 428; 468 sq.; Treaty of, 37; 305
Academy, v 670, xi 49, xn 823, 843
Berlinghieri, Commander of the Order of
St John, at the Congress of Vienna, ix
604
Bermuda Hundred, Grant and Butler at,
vn 520
Bermudas, The, settlement of, iv 756; failure
of Berkeley's scheme in, vi 54 sq.; 184;
Somers and Gates wrecked on, vn 5;
552 ; government of, xii 657
Bermudez, confessor of Philip V, vi 137;
145
Bern, n 325, 328 ; the Eeformation in,
327 sq. ; aggression of, m 405 sqq. ; and
the Spanish alliance, rv 45 ; Bund appeals
for help to, 50 ; 52 ; and Erlach, 375 ;
and Neuchatel, v 449 ; vi 613 sqq. ; 619 ;
622 ; and Austria, 623 ; the patriciate of,
624; 625; French occupation of (1798),
vni 596 sq., 782 ; plundered, ix 96 ; coups
d'etat at (1800-1), 97 sqq.; Federalists at,
100 ; and the Swiss Confederation, 105 ;
Napoleon confiscates stores of merchan-
dise at, 373 ; and the Congress of Vienna,
600-1; 671; xi234; government of , 235 ;
236 sq. ; reaction in, 238 ; 240 ; joins the
Siebnerkonkordat, 242 ; University of,
241; 246 sq.; Federal Diet at, 248, 250;
249 ; 253 ; constituted the capital, 254 ;
259
Bemadotte, the House of, xi 677
General, Jean-Baptiste-Jules. See
Charles (XIV) John, King of Sweden
Bemaldez, Andr6, Spanish historian, i 381
Bernard, Aristide- Martin (Martin-Bernard),
French politician, x 511 ; xi 104 ; 126 ;
132
Sir Francis, colonial governor, vn
152 sq.
Nathaniel, imprisonment of, rv 279
Simon, trial of, xi 328 sq.
of Chartres, medieval Latinist, i 536
of Weimar. See Saxe- Weimar, Duke
Bernard of
Bernardine army (Bernardines), iv 382 sqq.
Bernardino, St, of Feltre, i 147, 167,
647
St, of Siena, i 144, 151, 163, 186,
189
Bernardo, Antonio di, Medicean partisan,
hanged (1494), i 156
Secretary to Cosimo I, in 388
Bernburg. See Anhalt-Bemburg
Berners, Sir John Bourchier, Lord, m 365
Bemetti, Tommaso, Cardinal, papal secre-
tary of State, X 154 ; 155 ; 156
Berni, Francesco, the Orlando Innamorato,
n 395; iii 457, sqq.
Bernier, Abb6 Etienne- Alexandre -Jean -
Baptiste-Marie, Vendean leader, vm 382 ;
IX 14 ; 182, 184, 188
FranQois, French historian, vi 620;
523; 525
Bernis, Francois- Joachim de Pierre de,
Cardinal, French statesman, vi 254; at
Venice, 335 ; 337 sq.; fall of, 341 sq.; 400 ;
and the Bull UnigenituSy 591 ; created
Cardinal, 594 ; 595 ; writings of, 827
Bernoulli, Daniel, xi 260
Jacob (James), v 718; xi 260
Johann, v 718; xi 260
Bamstorff, Count Albert, Prussian Foreign
Minister, xi 407
248
General Index.
Bemstorff, Andreas Gottlieb von, Hanoverian
statesman, vi 4; 10; 13 sqq. ; 20; in-
fluence of, in England, 22 ; and the war
with Sweden, 26; 35; 39
Count Andreas Peter von, Danish
statesman, vi 741 ; 753 ; dismissal of,
754; administration of, 765 sqq.; vin
279 sq., 788 ; ix 43 sq.
Christian Giinther, Count, at the
Congress of Vienna, ix 686 ; at the Con-
ference of Aix-la-Chapelle, x 14 ; 366 ;
Metternich and, 372 ; succeeded by An-
cillon, 376
Joachim Frederick, Count, at the
Congress of Vienna, ix 586
Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von,
Danish statesman, vi 735 ; 740 sqq. ; fall
of, 746 ; 749 ; 761 ; 753 ; 755
Beroaldo, Filippo, the younger (Beroaldus),
Tacitus' Annals edited by, i 566, n 8, 15 ;
16
Berovich, Georgi, Governor of Crete, xn
419
Berquin, Louis de, French reformer, n
283 sq., 346
Berre, surrender of, in 418 '
Berrugete, Alonso de, Spanish sculptor,
I 382
Berry, Huguenot levy on, ni 30; Cond^
Governor of, iv 608, 614; customs of,
V 13 ; provincial assembly at, vm 91
Caroline de Bourbon, Duchess of,
X 286 ; 288 sq. ; imprisonment of, 490 ;
495; 499
Charles, Duke of (grandson of Louis
XIV), death of, v 30 sq., 441 ; 393
Charles-Ferdinand d'Artois, Due de,
and the Ministry of Louis XVIH, ix 566 ;
568; assassination of, x 23, 63, 71, 438
Lieutenant, American explorer, xn
795
Berryer, Pierre- Antoine, x 508 sq.; xi 109 ;
133; 136; 475
Berstett, Baron W. L. L. R. von, Baden
minister, x 362; 372
Bert, Paul, French politician, xn 105 ; 114
Bertaut, Jean, Bishop of S^ez. See S^ez
Bertendona, Martin de, iii 307
Bertheaume Bay, French fleet in, ix 223
Berthelier, PhiHbert, of Geneva, ii 362
Berthereau, French jurist, ix 166
Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, Prince of
Wagram and Neuchatel, Marshal of
France, vm 564, 568 sq., 616, 637 sqq.,
674, and Brumaire, 679, 683 ; ix 1 ; 10,
59, 107; Napoleon's Vice-Constable, 110;
136 ; Grand Huntsman, 111 ; receives
Neuchatel, ib.; Prince of Wagram, 112;
Prince of Neuchatel, 267; Napoleon's
instructions to, 273 ; 347-8 ; riunoured
project of Napoleon concerning, 425 ;
Chief of the Staff, 489 ; refuses to join
Napoleon, 621
de Sauvigny, Louis-B^nigne-Fran-
<jois, murdered, vm 168
Berthold of Mainz. See Mainz
BerthoUet, Comte Claude-Louis, French
chemist, vm 606, 616, 674
Bertin, Henri-L.-J.-B., French Controller-
general, VI 356
de Vaux, Louis-Fran9ois, x 91
Bertoldi, Giuseppe, poet, xi 645
Berton, Jean-Baptiste, French general, x 76
Bertrand, Comte Henri-Gratien, French
general, vm 602, 606 ; at Memel, ix
287; 620; at Dennewitz, 529; 530; at
Wartenburg, 531 ; 532 ; at Lindenau,
535 ; despatched to Saale, 537 ; taken
prisoner, 640; at St Helena, 757; 761,
769
de MoUeville, Antoine-Fran^ois,
Marquis de, vm 89, 112, 148, 216;
policy of, 222
Bertz, Secretary of Margaret of Parma, in
213
B6rulle, Pierre, Cardinal, French states-
man, and Mary de' Medici, iv 137 ; founds
the Oratory, 156 ; v 78
Berwick, Treaty of (1560), u 576, (1639),
IV 284, 502 sq., 520
James Fitzjames, Duke of. Marshal
of France, v 262 ; 315 ; 405 ; in Spain,
416, 419, 446; 421 sq. ; Marlborough
and, 461 ; vi 14 sq. ; 34 ; 97 sq. ; 102
Berzelius, Baron Jons Jacob, Swedish
chemist, xi 686
Berzsenyi, Daniel, Hungarian poet, xi 424
Besan^on, Parlement of, v 4, vm 47, 95,
745 ; V 48 ; XI 601 sq. ; French troops at,
604, 609; 610
Besborodko, Alexander, Russian statesman,
VI 678; 682; 697; 783
Beseler, Wilhelm Hartwig, Schleswig poli-
tical leader, xi 161
Besenval, Baron Pierre-Victor de, vm 163
Beshir, Emir, chief of the Lebanon, x 650 ;
XI 276
Besika Bay, British fleet at, xn 387, 390
Beslay, Charles, French politician, xi 602
Bessarabia, vi 674 ; annexed to Russia, x
413, XI 485 ; 323 ; 633 ; the Treaty of
Paris and, 643 ; Russia and, xii 305,
339; 354; 392 sq.; the Treaty of Berlin
and, 397
Bessarion, John, Cardinal, i 80, 284; the
Platonists and, ii 4; 16; v 482
Bessborough, Brabazon Ponsonby, 1st
Earl of, VI 431 ; 489
John William Ponsonby (Lord Dun-
cannon), 4th Earl of, x 603; 610: 655;
669
Bessenyei, George, Hungarian writer, xi
421 sq., 431
Bessey, Antoine de, raises Swiss troops for
Charles VIH, i 112, 117, 122
Bessi^res, Jean-Baptiste, Duke of Istria,
French marshal, vm 616; ix 111; 351;
crosses the Bidassoa, 430; troops of,
435; 436; and Mass^na, 465-6; and the
Russian campaign, 488; 497
General Index,
249
Bessi^res, Jorje, x 221 ; in Spain, 223, 227,
230
BestuzhefE, Alexander (•• Marlinski "), x
427; 431
Alexis, Grand Chancellor of Kussia,
VI 252; 313 sqq. ; fall of, 322; 340;
Catharine II and, 660, 663; 679
Michael Petrovich, Eussian diplo-
matist, V 551; Minister at Stockholm,
VI 309; 315; at Paris, 322 sqq.
Count Peter, vi 301
Bestuzheff-Eiumin, Michael, x 442 sq. ; 454
Bethlen Gabor, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Bethmann-Hollweg, Moritz August von,
German politician, xi 192; 396
Theobald von, Chancellor of the
German Empire, xii 166
Bethmont, Eugene, French Minister of
Commerce, xi 104
B^thune, occupied by French, iv 598 ; 599 ;
captured by the Allies (1710), v 429
Maximilien-Alpin, Marquis of, French
envoy in Poland, v 354 ; 356 ; 566
Beton, David, Cardinal, Archbishop of
St Andrews, ii 449, 456, 457 sq. ; mur-
dered, 461 sq., 655 sq., iii 262; and the
English alliance, 261
James, Archbishop of St Andrews,
II 453 sq. ; m 270, 274, 288
Betterton, Thomas, actor, v 130
Betzki, Count, vi 692
Beuckelssen (Bockelsohn), Jan. Bee John
of Leyden
Beuermann, Moriz von, African explorer,
XII 811
Beugnot, Jacques-Claude, Comte, appointed
Imperial Commissioner in the Duchy of
Berg, IX 410; government of, 411; 660;
ordinance signed by, 569 ; x 44 ; and the
Doctrinaires, 52 ; 55 ; 63
Beul6, Charles-Ernest, French politician,
XII 108
Beuningen, Conrad van, v 145; Dutch am-
bassador at Paris, 152 sq. ; in England,
154, 217 ; and de Witt, 154, 156 ; 164
Beurnonville, Pierre de Euel, Marquis de,
French Minister of War, vm 263, 269,
415, 417, 421 ; 679 sq.
Beust, Count Ferdinand Friedrich von, xi
142; Saxon Minister of Foreign Affairs,
149; 219; at the Confederation con-
ferences, 220, 232; 397; 408; 496; and
the Vatican Council, 721 ; and Hungary,
XII 182 sqq. ; 186 sqq.; and Prussia, 191 ;
fall of, 192; 402
Bevan, Edwyn Eobert, historian, xn 845
Beverley, Eobert, vii 60
Bevem. See Brunswick-Bevern
Beverningh, Hieronymus van, Dutch envoy
to England, v 141 sqq.; resigns, 154 ; 160;
164 sq.
Bevilacqua press. The, in 412
Beyle, Marie-Henri (Stendhal), x 101 sq.;
XI 520
Beyme, K. F. von, Prussian statesman and
jurist, IX 264 ; unpopularity of, 272 ; 282 ;
x349; 351; 366
Beza, Theodore, Berquin and, ii 284; in-
tercedes against persecution, 293; 298;
at Poissy, 302-3; 360; meets Calvin,
352; 363; at Geneva, 373; 681; epigram
on Eabelais by, 711 ; 717 sq. ; iii 5, 743,
755
Bezborodko, Count Alexander Alexandro-
wieh, IX 35
B^ziers, Cardinal Consalvi at, x 133; Be-
publican attack on, xi 137
Bezobrazoff, Eussian speculator in Korea,
XII 676
Bezuidenhout, Frederick, xi 779
Jan, XI 779
Bhamo, British mission at, xn 500; 793;
796
Bharatpur, xi 727; capture of, 729
Eajah of, treaty with, ix 728
Bhonsla, and Indian politics, ix 717 ; 725,
726
Bhopal, XI 725; the East India Company
and, 726
Bhotans, The, Formosan tribe, xn 656
Bhutan, military operations in, xi 752
Biala, Bennigsen at, ix 285
Bialystok, annexed to Eussia (1807), ix 293,
337, X 413; incorporated in province of
Grodno (1842), 420; 427; Eussian ad-
ministration of, 459; 469
Bi4na, battle at, vi 509
Biarritz, Napoleon and Bismarck at, xi
447, 479
Biban (the Iron Gates), occupied by the
French, x 504
Bibbiena, Cardinal (Bernardo di Dovizi),
n 8 ; La Calandria, 11 ; 15 sq.
Piero da, in 388
Biberach, engagement at (1800), ix 58
Bibesco, George, Hospodar of Wallachia,
XI 283
Bibikoff, Dmitri Gavrilovich, Eussian
Minister of the Interior, xi 614
Eussian general, puts down Puga-
chefE's rising (1773-5), vi 680 ; 687
Bible, The, medieval knowledge of, early
commentaries, translations, etc., i 685
sqq.; printed in the original (the Com-
plutensian Polyglot, Eoman edition of
the Septuagint, etc.), 602 sqq., 639 sq. ;
versions of, Latin, ib. ; vernacular, ib. ;
general j survey of Latin and vernacular,
639 sqq! ; German, French, Italian, etc.,
ib. ; English, 640 sqq. ; dissemination of,
684 sqq. ; the Biblia Hebraica of Sebas-
tian Munster, n 355. Versions of:
German (by Luther), 164; French (by
Lef^vre d'Etaples and by Jean de E^ly),
283; Italian (by Brucioli), 383; Slavonic,
395; Spanish, 402, 406, 411; English
(authorised), 453, 464 sqq.; English,
various, 464 sq.; Danish, 617; Icelandic,
621; Swedish, 624; The Bishops' Bible,
250
General Index,
III 377 ; Sixtus Vs, published by Clement
VIII (1592), 445; the Berleburg Bible, v
761. See also New Testament
Bibliography, classical, Vol. i. Chap, xvi
passim; Christian, Chap, xvii passim,
especially 610 sqq. ; but see also Libra-
ries, Bible, etc.
Bibliotheca Palatina, given by Maximilian
to Pope Gregory XV, iv 83. See also
Libraries
Bibliothecae Patrum, early (printed) editions
of the, I 617 sq.
Bibliotheque Gatholique, Eoyalist journal,
X 72
Bichat, Marie-Fran^ois-Xavier, ix 133
Bicker, Andries, iv 726
Cornells, uncle of the wife of John
de Witt, IV 726; v 145
Wendela, wife of John de Witt, v
144
Bicocca, battle of the (1522), n 45
Bidassoa river, Junot crosses, ix 303 ;
Dupont ordered to cross, 430; lines of,
480
Biddle, John, Unitarian, persecuted by
Parliament, iv 454; v 327
Biegeleben, Freiherr Ludwig Maximilian
von, Austrian Privy Councillor, xi 444
Biel, ceded to Bern, ix 601
Gabriel, last of medieval schoolmen,
I 637; at Erfurt, ii 111
Bielany, secret society founded at, x 453
Bielaya Krinitza, bishopric at, xi 266
Bielefeld, taxation in, vi 221
Bielinski, Count Peter, x 457
Vissarion, Kussian writer, xi 614,
649
Bielke, Gunilla, marries John III of
Sweden, iv 167
Hogenskild, beheaded, iv 174
Nils, Swedish statesman, v 673
Steno, Swedish diplomatist, iv 373
Ture, imprisonment of, iv 169 ; flight
of, to Denmark, 172; beheaded, 173
Bielopolye, Austria and, xii 396
Bielowice, Charles XII at, v 592
Bielski, Bogdan Jakowlewitsch', candidate
for Russian crown, v 497
Marcin, Polish chronicler, iii 88
Bienerth, Baron Richard von, Austrian
statesman, xii 209
Bienhoa, ceded to France, xii 524
Bienvenu Martin, Jean-Baptiste, French
Minister of Public Worship, xii 122
Bienville, Celeron de, explores Ohio, vii
119
Jean Baptiste Lemoine {or Le
Moyne), Sieur de, vn 88
Biez. See Du Biez
Biffen, Rowland, agricultural scientist, xii
777
Big Bethel, Federal defeat at (1861), vn
464
Big Black River, Confederates driven from
(1863), vn 604
Biggar, Joseph Gillis, Irish politician, xii
74
Bigge, John Thomas, mission of, to Aus-
tralia, XI 789 sq.
Bigi, Medicean party in Florence, i 157,
175
Eigne, Marguerin de La, editor of Bibliotheca
Veterum Patrum, i ,618 sq.
Bignon, Louis-Pierre-Edouard, x 91
Bigod, Sir Francis, in the Pilgrimage of
Grace, ii 447
Bigot, Charles, French writer, xii 94
FranQois, Intendant of New France,
vii 95, 143
de Pr^ameneu, Felix- Julien- Jean,
VIII 213, 742; Minister of Public Wor-
ship, IX 136; 160
Bih6, Cameron at, xii 810
Bijapur, war of, with Aurungzeb, v 698;
besieged by Shah Jehan, vi 517 sq.; 619
sqq.; surrenders to Aurungzeb, 622
Bilad Ghana. See Guinea
Bilbao, captured by the French, viii 441 ;
besieged (1835), x 235, (1836), 238, (1874),
XII 262
Bilbassoff, B. von, Russian historian, xii
842
Bilde, Marshal Anders, reconquers Bremen
and Verden, iv 684 ; mortally wounded at
Frederiksodde, 585
Eske, Kirkebryder, ii 618
Ove. See Aarhuus, Bishop of
Bilderdyck, William, Dutch poet, vni 788;
XI 675
Bilderling, Russian general, in the Russo-
Japanese War, XII 591, 593, 597 sq.
Bilders, Albert, Dutch painter, xii 249
Bilek, Montenegro and, xii 392
Bill of Rights, character of the, v 251 sq.,
277
Bill, Dr William, Dean of Westminster,
II 565
Billaud-Varennes, Jean-Nicolas, viii 234,
239, 246 sq., 339; on the Comite de
Salut Public, 344, 349 sqq., 358 sq., 362;
and the fall of Robespierre, 364 sqq., 369;
374 sq., 377; charges against, 380, 384;
deported, 385
Billault, Auguste-Adolphe-Marie, French
statesman, xi 294; 297; 477
Billicanus, German Reformer, ii 160
Billick, Eberhard, Catholic divine, ii 251
Billingsley, Captain, iv 290
Billioray, Alfred-Edouard, French politi-
cian, XI 502
Billot, Jean-Baptiste, French Minister of
War, XII 96
Bilma, British explorers at, xii 807
Biloxi, fort at, vii 88, 362
Bilsen, Marlborough at, v 415
Binch, restored to Spain, v 45
Binder, Baron, Austrian diplomatist, at the
Congress of Vienna, ix 583
Binger, Louis, African explorer, xii 129;
812
General Index.
251
Bingham, Sir Kichard, President of Con-
naught, III 604
Binnenhof, The (at the Hague), Remon-
strants imprisoned in, in 652; Olden-
barneveldt sentenced in, 654
Biondo. See Blondus
Bir, Ottoman army at (1839), x 561
Birago, Een6 de, afterwards Cardinal,
Chancellor of France, ra 19, 27, 33
Biran, Maine de, ix 133
Birch, John, Colonel, v 216
British Resident at Perak, xii 532
Biren, Ernst Johann, Duke of Courland,
Grand Chamberlain of Russia, vi 301;
proclaimed Regent, 309 ; 312 sq. ; 665 sq.
Birkenfeld, Christian, Count Palatine of,
victory of, in the Palatinate, iv 229;
defeats Charles of Lorraine, 230
Birmingham, parliamentary representation
of, X 601 sq., 613; Political Union, 612,
615, 683; the metal trades in, 737;
bombs made in, xi 327; xii 44; Uni-
versity of, 763
League, and the Education Act,
XII 25
Bimey, James Gillespie, abolitionist, vii
387 sq., 390, 393
Biron, Baron Armand de Gontaut of,
Marshal of France, in 14, 20 sq., 33,
40, 44; 47; 334; 658; 661; 679; death
of, 52
Armand-Louis de Gontaut, Due de
Lauzun and Due de, vin 339, 346 ; exe-
cuted (1793), 357; commands the Army
of the Rhine (1792), 407, 413; and the
war with Sardinia, 437
Charles de Gontaut, Duke of, in
667; 672 sq. ; 677; conspiracy and
execution of, 679 sq. ; 683
Birse, Peter the Great and Augustus II at,
V 590
Bisamberg, Archduke Charles on, ix 350
Biscay, occupied by Marshal Moncey, ix
430; Blake's advance into, 442; Liberal
discontent in, xii 260; 263; 268
Bay of, VI 248; 344; Admiral Keppel
in, 450
Bischoff, Mount, tin discovered at, xii 619
BischofEswerder, Johann Rudolph von.
Adjutant- General of Frederick William II
of Prussia, vi 726; viii 629 sq.
Biseglia, Alfonso de, third husband of
Lucrezia Borgia, i 236, 239
Biserta, French expedition against, vi 350
Bishops' Bible, The, ni 377
Bishops' Book, The, or The Institution of
a Christian Man, ii 448
Bishops' Wars, The First and Second (1639-
40), iv501sqq.
Bismarck archipelago, xii 668
Herbert, Prince von, mission of, to
England, xii 161
Bismarck-Schonliausen, Otto Eduard Leo-
pold, Prince von, vii 661 sqq. ; Ministry
of (1862-71), Vol. XI, Chap, xvi; 58; 160;
192; and German Unity, 220, 223, 408,
677; and the Hesse-Cassel crisis, 231;
305 ; and the Schleswig-Holstein question,
338; 394; 396; and Austria, 402 sq.;
406; 410 sq.; at Biarritz, 447, 479; and
the Luxemburg question, 483 ; policy of,
towards France, 494 sq., 576 sqq. ; and
the peace negotiations with France, 497
sqq., 600, 611 sq. ; and the alliance with
Italy, 539 sq. ; and the Spanish succes-
sion, 571; and army reform, 679; and
the Vatican Council, 719 ; and the German
Empire, Vol. xii, Chap, yi passim; 8 sq.;
14 sq.; 28; and France, 95, 97 sq., 107,
114; and Tunis, 239; and the Triple
Alliance, 240; and the Caroline Islands
dispute, 264; 275; at the Congress of
Berlin, 394 ; and the Armenian question,
416; and Egyptian affairs, 435; and
colonisation, 528, 658; and colonisation
in Africa, 658; 828; 844
Bissolati-Bergamaschi, Leonida, editor of
VAvanti, xu 231
Bisticci, Vespasiano da. See Vespasiano
Bitonto, Spanish victory at, vi 153
Bitsch, VIII 407, defences of, 423 ; occupied
by the Prussians (1793), 425
Bitzius, Albert (*«Jeremias Gotthelf "),
Swiss writer, xi 261; 417 sq.
Biveroni, Jakob, iv 36
Biville, Gadoudal lands at, ix 29; Savary
at, 30
Bixio, Jacques-Alexandre, French deputy,
XI 113; 118
Bizen, Japanese noble, xi 850
Bjerregaard, Henrik Anker, Norwegian
poet, XI 700
Bjornson, Bjornstjerne, Norwegian novelist
and dramatist, xi 701 sq. ; xii 281
Blacas, Pierre-Louis-Jean-Casimir, Due de,
and the Ministry of Louis XVIII, ix 565 ;
advice of, 574 ; x 44 sq. ; mission of, to
Rome, 143
Black, David, preacher, m 551
James Robert, and the Working
Man's Association, x 682
Death, effects of, i 426, 500
Forest, distress of peasantry of, i
299 ; French army in, v 406 sqq. ; ix
67 sq., 253
Sea, Poland and, in 73; Russian
designs on, v 370, 494, 526, 603, vi 304,
630, 633 sq., 648; Russian expedition to
(1770), 673; Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji
and, 674; 676, 695; Russian claims on,
X 170, 173, 175 ; Russia commands (1829),
202, 646 sq., xi 274; Russian fleet in
(1833), X 655; British and French fleets
in, XI 316, 572 ; the Powers and, 321 sq. ;
neutralisation of, 323 sq. ; 577 ; abroga-
tion of the Treaty of Paris clauses, 611,
614, 633 sq., 639; the Powers and, xn
28; Russia and, 298, 382; 388; 395; 398
Blackburn, riots at, xi 2
Blackbume, Robert, Auctarium^ vi 791
262
General Index,
Blackford, burning of, vi 102
Blaokfriars, the trial of the Divorce question
at, II 431
Blackheath, fight at (1497), i 469
Blackmore, Eichard D., novelist, xi 859
Blackness Castle, vi 92
Blackstone, Sir William, judge, vi 811
Blackwater, fort at the, iii 605-7
Blackwell, Elizabeth, medical practitioner,
XII 763
George, in 353
Blackwood's Magazine, xi 362
BlaQons, Henri-F.-L. d'Armand de Forest,
Marquis de, deputy of the National
Assembly, viii 166
Bladensburg, British victory at (1814), vii
344
Blagaj, Turks repulsed at, i 73
Blagoveschensk, founded, xi 273; and the
Boxer movement, xii 521
Blaine, James Gillespie, Eepublican
Speaker, vii 644 sq. ; Secretary of State,
649, 652 sq., 660, 664 sqq. ; xii 699
Blainville, Marquis of, French ambassa-
dor, Charles I demands recall of, iv
263
Blair Castle, siege of, vi 116
Francis Preston, and peace negotia-
tions, VII 535 sq.
James, in Virginia, vii 59
Montgomery, Postmaster-General, vii
450, 592
Eobert, poet, vi 828
Blake, Joachim, Spanish general, com-
mands Spanish army in Galicia, ix 438 ;
advances into Biscay, 442; defeated by
Marshal Lefebvre, 443 ; sent to Valencia,
448; defeated before Saragossa, 454;
aids Beresford, 466; regiments of, give
way, 467; at Seville, 468; raises siege
of Sagunto, 470
Eobert, admiral and general, at
Taunton, iv 328 sq. ; victory of, off the
Kentish Knock, 436, 473; captures the
Spanish Plate fleet (1656), 440; one
of the "generals at sea," 460; off the
coast of Ireland, 463; off Portugal,
464; and Eupert, 464 sqq.; Tromp and,
471; in the North Sea, 472; defeated off
Dungeness, 474; victorious off Portland,
475 ; 477 sqq. ; tactics of, 480 ; expedi-
tion of, to the Mediterranean, 482 sq. ;
victory and death of, off Santa Cruz, 484
sq., 440, 660; v 105; 139; 372
William, poet, vi 824
Blakiston, Thomas, surveys the Yang-tsze-
kiang, xii 796
Blanc, Louis, x 485; 499; 509; 573; xi
24 sq. ; 39; 97; and the Eevolution
of 1848, 99, 101, 103 sq.; and the
Lamartine Ministry, 105 sq. ; and the
elections, 107; 109 sqq. ; 114; edits the
Rappel, XII 94; 106; 758; 833
Blanchard, French ofl&cer, commander of
the guard of the Councils, viii 677
Blanco, Cape, v 691; France and, xii
660; 806
Guzm&n, President of Venezuela,
HI 673; 687
y Arenas, Eamon, Marquis de Pena
Plata, Governor- General of Cuba, vii
675
Blandford, Marquis of. See Marlborough
Blandrata, Giorgio, Italian doctor and
sectary, ii 393; leader of Polish Uni-
tarians, 637; m 80; 94 sq.
Blankenfeld, fight at (1813), ix 626
Blanqui, Louis-Auguste, French revolu-
tionary, X 611 ; XI 104 sq. ; 107 ; 109 ;
290; 474; editor of Gandide, 486;
attempts to establish a Eepublic, 496;
497 sq.
Blarer, Ambrose, Zwinglian Eeformer, ii
161, 216, 234; driven into exile, 265, 328
Blasco Ibanez, Vicente, Spanish novelist,
XII 257; 269
Blaser, Anselmo, Spanish general, xi 560
Blasere, Dutch councillor, in 216
Blasi, di, advocate of Palermo, viii 556
Blavet, Spanish raids from, in 321 ; seizure
of, by Spain, 521 ; surrender of, by Spain,
523 ; Spanish evacuation of, 674-5 ;
captured by Huguenots, rv 130
Blaxland, Gregory, Australian explorer, xi
790 sq.
Bleddin, fight at (1813), ix 531-2
Bleking, Treaty of Eoeskilde and, iv 586
Bleneau, victory of Cond6 at, iv 616
Blenheim, battle of (1704), v 410 sq., 463,
668
Bles, Dutch painter, xii 249
Blicher, Steen Steensen, Danish writer, xi
698
Bligh, William, Governor of New South
Wales, IX 739
Blignieres, Minister in Egypt, xii 434
Blindheim, French army crosses the Danube
near, ix 64
Blittersdorff, Baron Friedrich Landolin
Karl von, Baden Minister, xi 145
Bloemfontein, British garrison at, xi 783;
784; XII 641 sq. ; Union convention at,
646
Blois, Treaties of (1504-5), i 127, (1572), ni
283 sq.; Coligny at, 17 ; States General at,
31; Duke of Guise murdered at (1588),
415 ; Eichelieu and the Queen-Mother at,
IV 124 sqq.; residence of Madame de
Stael near, ix 131
WiUiam de. Lord of Treslong, in
^29-30
Blok, Petrus Johannes, Dutch historian,
xn 842
Blomberg, Barbara, in 18
Blomfield, Charles James, Bishop of Lon-
don, X 660; 673; 679
Blommers, Bernardus J., Dutch painter,
xn 249
Blondus (Flavio Biondo), works of, i 547
Blood river, Zulus defeated at, xi 782
General Index,
253
Blood, Sir Bindon, general, xii 488
"Bloody Angle," at Spotsylvania, vii 518
"Bloody Assizes," of Judge Jeffreys, v
232
"BioodyDiet" (1547), in 147
Blount, Charles, Earl of Devonshire and
8th Baron Mountjoy. See Mountjoy
Bludoff, Count Demetri, xi 614
Bliicher, Gebhard Lebrecht, Prince von,
Prussian Field-Marshal, surrender of Lii-
beck by, ix 280; 328; commands in
Silesia, 514 ; occupies Dresden, 515 ; at
Gross-Gorschen, 517 ; 518 ; at Bautzen,
519 ; in Silesia, 523 sq. ; on the middle
Elbe, 530 ; decisive action of, 531 ; 532
sq. ; at Mockem, 536-7 ; at Leipzig, 638 ;
542-3; advance of, 544; 545-7; retreat
of, 548 ; crosses the Marne, 550 ; at Laon,
551; defeats Marmont, 552; illness of,
553; army of, 623; and the Belgian
campaign, 625 ; at Ligny, 627 sqq. ; de-
cision of, 631; at Waterloo, 632 sqq.;
marches on Paris, 643 ; x 349
Blum, Eobert, German politician, xi 59;
149; vice-president of the Vorparlament,
163; 165; 168; at the defence of Vienna,
188; execution of, 189
Blumenthal, Leonard von, Prussian general,
XI 456
Board of Trade, the English, constituted
with permanent staff, v 264. See also
Trade and Industry
Boavista (Cape Verde Islands), discovered,
I 15
Bobadilla, Nicholas, Jesuit, ii 652, 656
Bobovac, captured by the Turks, i 73
B6brikoff, General, Governor-general of
Finland, xii 335; 377
Bobrinsky, Count V., Zemstvo President,
XII 315; 333; 372; at the Prague Con-
gress, 378
Bobruisk, mutiny at, xn 362
Bocage. See Du Bocage
Boccaccio, Giovanni di Certaldo, i 541, 549 ;
III 368, 468
Bochard, Jean, Bishop of Avranches. See
Avranches
Bocher, Joan, execution of, ii 501, 538
Bocskai, Stephen, Prince of Transylvania,
King of Hungary. See Stephen Bocskai
Bodelschwingh, Ernst von, Prussian
Minister of the Interior, xi 56; 58;
157 sq.
Boden, fortresses at, xii 277
Bodenstein, Andrew, of Carlstadt. See
Carlstadt
Bodin, Jean, in 62, 747-9, 753-4, 762-3 ;
VI 786; 803
Bodkin, Christopher, Archbishop of Tuam,
III 593
Bodley, Sir Thomas, iii 44 ; 710 ; v 747
Bodmer, Johann Jakob, Swiss writer, vi
625 ; X 384 sqq.
Boeblingen, defeat of Peasants' Rising at
(1525), II 189
0. M. H.
Bockh, August, historian, xn 820 sqq. ;
824; 844
Bocklin, Arnold, painter, xi 261
Bodtcher, Ludvig Adolph, Danish poet, xi
699
Bolieim, Hans, German sectary, i 674 sq.
Bohl de Faber, J. N., x 210
Bohler, Peter, Moravian preacher, vi 82
Boehme, Jakob, ii 690, 714 sq. ; iv 425;
V 758 sqq.
Bohmer, Johann Friedrich, German his-
torian, XII 823
Boer Wars (1880-1), xii 39, 245, 637,
(1899-1900), ib. 31, 53 sqq., 57, 69,
247, 641 sqq.
Borne, Ludwig, x 376, 410 sq.
Boers, in South Africa, vi 189; Vol. xi,
Chap. XXVII (3) passim ; xii 3 ; 35 ; and
the Sand Kiver Convention, 41 ; the
German Emperor and, 171 sq. ; 636 sqq.
Boetius (Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severi-
nus), influence of, i 534
Botticher, Karl Heinrich von, Prussian
Minister, xii 156
Botzow on the Havel. See Oranienburg
Bogaers, Adrianus, Dutch poet, xi 676
Bogatzky, Karl Heinrich von, v 762
Bogbinder. See Metzenheim, Hans
Bogdan6vich, Russian revolutionary, xii310
Bogerman, Joannes, in 653
Bogle, George, visits Tibet, xn 798
Bogolyepoff, Russian official, xn 316
Bogolyiiboff, Russian revolutionary, xii 305
Bogomils, Greek sect in Bosnia, i 71
Bogosloff district, industrial depression in,
XI 618
Bogota, government of, x 285, 288, 290;
captured by Bolivar (1815), 290, (1819),
294; 296
Bogue forts, capture of, xi 815
Bohemia, under George Podiebrad, i 293,
331 ; internal decay of, 329 ; acquired by
the Habsburgs, 329 sq., 340; comparison
of, with Hungary, 330 sq., 341 sqq. ;
religious troubles in, 331, 338, 340;
geographical and political structure of,
331, 334; class wars in, 338; disputed
claims to the crown of, ii 198 sq. ; con-
stitutional liberties of, destroyed by
Ferdinand I, 262; King of, not in-
cluded in Reichsdeputati onstage, iii 143;
under Ferdinand I, 147-8; religious
questions in, 147, 180, 703, 719 ; revolution
in (1618), 568 ; Frederick V driven out of,
569 ; German appointments in, 696 ;
Estates of, 721 sqq., 726 sq.; Anhalt's
intrigues in, 725 ; the crown of, ceded to
Matthias (1611), 734; and the opening of
the Thirty Years' War, Vol. rv. Chap, i
passim] and the War in 1620-3, 64-84;
Habsburg dominion in, 206; Saxons in,
209 ; 212 ; debt of, to Wallenstein, 213;
215; 219; Wallenstein and, 232 sqq.;
242 sqq.; Ban^r and, 252; Swedish
troops in, 370, 392 ; peace proclaimed in,
16
264
General Index.
394 ; part of, held by Sweden at the close
of the War, 403; effects of War upon,
417 sq. , 421 ; 634 ; 640 ; subdued by the
Emperor, 641; and the Habsburgs, v 339;
351 ; Brandenburg and, 621, 624; and the
War of the Austrian Succession, vi 210,
231 sqq., 240, 242 sq., 250; Frederick the
Great and, 251 ; 254 ; the Seven Years'
War in, 255 sqq. ; Prussian evacuation
of, 262 ; 275 ; 277 ; Prussian army again
in (1758), 279; 289; 291; Austrian army
in, 294 ; 317 ; Joseph II in, 626 sq. ;
Frederick II in, 632 ; 638 ; and the War
of the Bavarian Succession, 704 sqq. j
Austrian defence in (1790), viii 293;
influence of the French Kevolution in,
777 ; IX 41 ; Austrian and Russian troops
in, 257 ; 346 ; army of Allies in, 523, 529,
631 ; the Liberal movement in, xi 45 sq. ;
and the National Assembly, 164, 170 ; the
national party in, 171 ; 173 ; 176 sqq. ;
216; Austrian troops in (1850), 230;
399; 402; the Austro-Prussian War in,
452 ; 563 ; literature in, 653 sqq. ; xn 11 ;
and Hungary, 177 ; 181 ; political claims
of, 186; 187 sq. ; 194 sq. ; success of
the Young Cechs in, 196; 200; Germans
and fiechs in, 201 ; 209; historical research
in, 842
Bohemian Brethren, probable origin of,
II 160 ; expulsion of, 635 sq. ; in Poland,
636, in 75; 79; in Bohemia itself, 147;
180; under Eudolf II, 703
Boialva, Mass^na takes the road through,
IX 461
Boiardo, Matteo Maria (Count of Scan-
diano), in 458; the Orlando Innamorato,
459-61
Boiars, in the early Muscovite State, v 484
sqq., 488 sqq., 501; the shaving of, by
Peter the Great, 524
Boigne, Benoit le Borne, Comte de, and
Sindhia, ix 718; 720
Boileau-Despr^aux, Nicolas, v 65; 67; 70;
VI 822; 829; x 384; xi 508
Boinvilliers, Eloi-Ernest Forestier de,
French politician, xi 127
Boisdauphin, Marshal de, iv 121
Boisdeffre, Eaoul-F.-C. Le Mouton de,
French Chief of the Staff, xii 120
Boisgelin, J.-de-Dieu-R. de Cuc6 de. See
Aix, Archbishop of
Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, Sieur de,
V 8; 29
Boishardi, Charles de, Chouan leader, vin
379
Boislisle, Arthur Michel de, xii 834
Boisot, Charles, Governor of Zeeland, iii
242
Louis, admiral, relieves Ley den,
m 239-40; death of, 244
Boisselot, Major-General, at the defence of
Limerick, v 316
Boisser^e, Johann Sulpice, and medieval
art, xii 818
Boissise, French envoy to the Protestant
Union, iii 689
Boissy d'Anglas, Comte Francois- Antoine
de, viii 249, 339 sq., 380 sqq. ; on the
Committee of XI, 386, 388; proposals of,
for a new Constitution, 392; 488, 506
Bokhara, Russia and, v 544; xi 631; ab-
sorbed by Russia, xii 460; 461; 491;
caravan route through, 793; travellers at,
800 sq. ; 803
Bolan Pass, British troops in, xi 732
Boldili, Venetian envoy in Savoy, in 409
Boleyn, Anne. See Anne (Boleyn), Queen
of England
George. See Rochford, Viscount
Sir Thomas. See Wiltshire, Earl
of
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st Viscount,
V 70; 271; 337; 430; and the Peace of
Utrecht, 434, 440, 446, 450; 461; and
party government, 463 ; Secretary at War,
464; 465 sq.; 469; Secretary of State,
470 ; 471 ; and the Stewart cause, 472 sq. ;
473 ; and the Schism Act, 474 sq. ; and
the fall of Oxford, 475 ; 476 ; and Russia,
608; and the succession, vi 11 sq. ; 14
sqq.; dismissed, 18; 42 sq. ; 71 sq.; 77;
89 ; and the Old Pretender, 96 sq. ; 98 ;
394; 817 sqq.; vm 15
Bolivar y Ponte, Simon, in Venezuela, x
288 sqq., 293 sq. ; personal characteristics
of, 289; in New Granada, 290, 294; 291;
and the Republic of Colombia, 294, 296;
in Peru, 294 sqq. ; and the Republic of
Bolivia, 296; returns to Colombia, ib.;
death of, ib. ; estimate of, 297 ; policy
of consolidation of , 298 ; 300; 302; 306;
XII 673; 680; 696
Bolivia, native insurrection in (1780-3),
X 267; revolution in (1809), 284, 286;
294; Upper Peru forms Republic of, 296
sq.; xii 672; Chili and, 677; 678 sq. ;
690; 696
Bologna, taken by Julius II (1506), i 128,
245; surrenders to France (1511), 249,
479 ; compact of Charles V and Clement
VII at (1530), 567, 578; coronation
of Charles V at, ii 25, 60 sq., 143;
Council of Trent transferred to, 26, 81,
263 sq., 669 sq. ; 84; threatened by the
Farnesi, 86; Concordat of, between
Francis I and Leo X (1516), 32, 281;
Conference of, between Charles V and
Clement VII (1530), 60, 63; (1532-3), 25,
67, 439 ; execution of Giovanni Pepoli at,
in 431 ; University of, 447, ix 86, x 137;
botanic gardens at, v 734; Jacobin plot
at, VIII 556; Legation of, held by the
French (1796), 573; 583, 588; Veronese
prefect sent to, ix 394; academy of art
created at, 396; Carbonari meeting at
(1819), X 21; Raggi in, 111; revolt at
(1830), 120, 154; rebellion at (1831),
155 ; XI 71 ; Neapolitan troops at, 85 ; 89 ;
and union with Piedmont, 386 ; Austriana
General Index,
255
driven from, 384; socialist congress at,
xii 231; 235
Bolotnikoff, Ivan, Kussian revolutionist,
V 500
Bolsec, Jerome Hermes, ii 364, 375, 717
Bolton, petitions for peace from, ix 369;
conditions of labour in, xii 730 sq., 744,
765
Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of. See
Winchester, 7th Marquis of
Charles Paulet, 3rd Duke of, vi 70
Thomas Orde, Lord, chief Secretary
for Ireland, vi 503 sq.
Boltwood, Bertram Borden, and radio-
activity, XII 790
Boma, Governor-General of the Congo at,
XII 662; 663
Bombasius, Greek scholar, teaches Greek to
Zwingli, II 308
Bombay, ceded to England, v 105, 107;
698 ; VI 445 ; 529 ; and the decline of the
Moghul empire, 531; 684; 537; 582;
Lord Momington and, ix 722; expedition
from, 734; xi 724; Presidency of, 727;
High Court of, 751 ; military system of,
752 ; frontier of, xii 485 ; bubonic plague
in, 487; 496 sq.
Bombelli, Kaffaelle, mathematician, v 710
Bomfim, Jos6 Luis Travassos Valdes, Count
of, Portuguese statesman, x 339
Bompard, J. B. F., French commodore,
VIII 476
Bon, Louis-Andr6, French general, viii 599,
601 sqq., 608, 611; killed, 613
Bon Sens, Le, French journal, x 499
Bona, garrisoned by Charles V, iii 111;
burnt by Tuscan squadron, 399
Bona Sforza, Queen consort of Sigismund I
of Poland, iii 76 sq.
Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicomte
de, IX 133; x 43; 47; 94; political
theories of, IGl; 162
Bonaparte, Caroline. See Murat
Elise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany,
receives Lucca, ix 247; 267, 398, 603;
question of indemnity for, 652
Jerome, King of Westphalia, ix 53;
107; marriage of, 193; 265; in Silesia,
281; at Dresden, 279; kingdom of West-
phalia formed for, 293; government of,
in Westphalia, 336-7, 356; forced to
retreat from Dresden, 357; Pius VII
refuses to sanction the divorce of, 401 ;
appointed King of Westphalia, 411 ; 413 ;
connives at contraband trade, 474; mili-
tary mishap of, 490 ; at Montmartre, 553 ;
XI 119; 293; 385
Joseph, King of Spain, vii 366; viii
636 sq., 675; ix 66; 76, 103, 107; Grand
Elector of the Empire, 110; King of
Naples and Sicily, 111; Kegency of
France vested in, 147; plenipotentiary
for the Concordat, 184; King of Naples,
194; declines kingship of Italy, 247;
267, 270, 271, 315, 324; efforts of, to
gain Sicily, 381; crown of Italy offered
to, 394; King of Naples, 403; character
of, 404; caution to, 405; ordered to
exchange Naples for Spain, 406; pro-
claimed King of Spain, 434; evacuates
Madrid, 438; 441; unable to reinforce
Victor, 450; Soult's letter to, 453; de-
feats Venegas at Almonacid, 454; defeats
Areizaga, 455; at Madrid, 472; retreat
of the army of, 473; at Valencia, 474;
retreat of, 477; recalled to France, 478;
at Montmartre, 553; x 210; 282 sq.;
285
Bonaparte, Louis, ix 107; Napoleon's
Constable, 110; 139; declines kingship
of Italy, 247 ; King of Holland, 267 ; at
Wesel, 274; 278; Holland assigned to
(1806), 369; 370; 416; flight of, 371;
crown of Italy offered to, 394; letter of
Napoleon to, 407; expulsion of, 417;
and the crown of Spain, 432; and
Napoleon, 758
Lucien, viii 673 sqq., 680 sqq.;
becomes Minister of the Interior, ix 9;
63, 72, 107; discarded by Napoleon, 267;
suggested as President of the Chamber
(1815), 620; xi 119
Marie-Pauline, wife of Prince Camillo
Borghese, ix 110 ; receives Guastalla, 111 ;
267, 421
Mathilde, Princess, xi 293
Napoleon. See Napoleon I
Napoleon-Charles, death of
IX 139
Napoleon-J.-C.-P. (Prince Napoleon),
XI 293; 376; at Turin, 381; 386; 484
Pierre, Prince, xi 491 sq.
Bonaventura, Saint, and Indulgences, ii
125, 127; works of, printed, iii 445
Boncerf, Pierre-Francois, writer, viii 87,
714, 744
Bonchamps, Charles-M.-Artus de, Vendean
leader, viii 266, 354
Christian de, African traveller, xii 813
Bonde, Gustaf, Swedish statesman, v 566
sq. ; 575
Bonetti, Cardinal Michael, iii 20
Bonfadio, Jacopo, Italian Reformer, ii 390
Bongars, Jacques, iii 63, 671, 687
Boniface VIII (Benedetto Gaetani),
n 31, 127; in 737
IX (Pietro Tomacelli), Pope, i 237;
introduces sale of offices, 670
St, and Fulda, i 534
Bonifacio, Straits of, xi 346
Bonin, Eduard von, Prussian general, xi 224
Bonivard, Francois de, Abbot of St Victor,
II 362
Bonjean, Louis, French lawyer, xi 505
Bonn, raid on Electoral Palace at, ni 707;
surrender of (1584), 708 ; taken by Schenck
(1587), 712; retaken by Spaniards (1588),
ib.; taken by the Germans (1689), v 57,
661; captured by William of Orange
(1673), 161; captured by Marlborough
16—2
(1806),
Pope,
256
General Index,
(1703), 407; University of, x 355, 381,
XI 143; Niebuhr at, xn 820
Bonnac, French ambassador in Switzer-
land, VI 615 sq.
Bonne Anse, the Young Pretender sails
from, VI 111
Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, n
440, 467, 481, 484 sq. ; imprisonment of,
under Somerset, 486, 497; deprivation of
(1550), 501; restoration (1553), 521, 533,
638; dispute of, with Home, 586; in
344
Bonnet, French general, ix 351
Bonnier, Colonel, occupies Timbuktu, xn
129
Bonnier-d'Arco, Ange-E.-L.-A., plenipoten-
tiary at Eastatt, vm 641 sq., 655
Bonnivet, Guillaume Goufner de, French
admiral, i 490; occupies Fuenterrabia
(1521), II 44; advances on Italy (1523),
47 sq., 97
Bonny-sur-Loire, rising at, xi 137
Bonstetten, Charles- Victor de (Swiss philo-
sopher), IX 427
Bontekoe, Willem, conquers Formosa, iv
711
Bonticus, Hugo, iii 237
Bonvalot, Gabriel, traveller, xn 803
Bonzi, Pietro, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Naibonne, v 85
Book of Canons, Charles Fs (1635), iv
494 sqq.
of Common Prayer. See Prayer
Book
Book of Discipline, Knox's (1560), ii 593;
(Second) (1581), iii 550
of Martyrs, Foxe's, ii 538
"Books of Bank," in the early Muscovite
State, v 485 sq.
Boomplatz, battle of, xi 783
Booth, Sir George, afterioards 1st Baron
Delamere, rising of, iv 540; 545; defeat
and imprisonment of, 541 ; 544 ; released,
652
John Wilkes, vii 545 sqq.
Imperialist colonel, in Livonia, iv
383
Boothby, Sir Brooke, writer, viii 758
Bopp, Franz, philologer, xii 822; 845
Bordeaux, PrAestants massacred near, in
30; Montaigne at, 65, 66, 69; the League
in, 661; Jesuits in, 664; the Fronde in,
IV 613 sqq. ; results of, 621 ; Parlement
of, 610 sq., V 4, vni 47; in 1787-90,
60; reaction in (1793), 340; trade of,
486; inhabitants of, declared emigres,
Beresford marches on, ix 481; xi
113; 499; National Assembly at,
611 sq., xn 91; the Pact of, 92,
602;
31;
500,
102
Henri-Charles-Ferdinand, Due de, x
68
Champion de Cice, Archbishop of,
vni 156, 178; Keeper of the Seals, 186,
727
Bordeaux, Henri d'Escoubleau de Sourdis,
Archbishop of, v 755
Bordeaux-Neufville, Antoine de, v 106
Bordesholm, Treaty of (1522), n 607
Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, physicist, v
727 sq.; 731; 733 sq.; 740
Borgesius, Hendrik Goeman, Dutch Min-
ister of the Interior, xn 247 sq.
Borghese, Camillo, Due de Guastalla, ix
110 ; Governor-General beyond the Alps,
397
Scipio, Cardinal, and Fra Paolo
Sarpi, IV 671
Borghesi, Bartolommeo, Count, archaeo-
logist, xn 842 sq.
Borgia, Cesare, Cardinal of Valencia, Duke
of Valentinois, 1 114, 124, 231, 234, 672;
character of, 235; relations of, with France,
123, 126, 191 sq., 194, 236; made Duke
of Valentinois, 120, 236; policy of , 193;
Bomagna and, 193, 238-9; capture of
Imola and Forli by, 123, 192, 238 ; capture
of Urbino by, 194, 240; conspiracy
against, 195; MachiaveUi and, 195, 237,
240, 242; fall of, 126, 128, 195, 242, 245;
prisoner in Spain, 128; death of, 126,
196, 242; n 1
Gasparo, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Seville and Toledo, and the Catalan re-
volt, IV 648 ; protests against papal policy,
680
Lucrezia, i 227, 234, 236, 239
Kodrigo. See Alexander VI, Pope
Borgo, Act of Guarantee issued at (1809),
IX 314; Diet at (1809), x 433
Borgo, Count Pozzo di. See Pozzo di
Borgo
Borgoforte, Austrian force at, vi 153; 154
Borgomainero, Charles Emmanuel d'Este,
Marquis of, Spanish ambassador at Vienna,
V 358; 364
Boris, Prince, of Bulgaria, xn 342; 410 sq.
Godunoff, Tsar, Regent of Eussia,
V 495 sq. ; elected Tsar, 497; death of,
498; 516; 522; 524
Borissoff, French retreat to, ix 601; 502
Borkelo, the Bishop of Miinster and, v
150 sq.
Borku, explorer at, xn 811
Borlase, Sir John, appointed Lord Justice,
IV 521
Bormida, plain of the, ix 62; 63
Bormio, early history of , rv 35 sqq. ; 41 ; the
Grisons and, 50 sqq. ; only the Catholic
faith permitted in, 58; Jenatsch des-
patched to, 61; Fernamond defeated at,
62; sovereignty of the Grisons in, 63;
Austria gains, ix 660
Borne, Prussian advance on, vi 275
Bornemann, Wilhelm, Prussian politician,
XI 159
Borneo, Dutch trade in, iv 711 ; Dutch and
English in, xn 669
Bornholm, victory of Danes over Liibeck
near (1535), n 280, 615; Danes defeated
General Index,
257
off (1563), IV 163; 661; captured by
Wrangel, 572; Treaty of Koeskilde and,
586 ; Swedes expelled from, 588 ; restored
to Denmark, 591
Bomhoved, Danish defeat at (1226), v 620
Bornier, Philippe, ix 165
Borodino, battle of (1812), ix 495 sqq.
Borough, William, Vice- Admiral, iii 306
Borovsk, Napoleon's retreat by, ix 499
Borromean League, founded (1586), n 341
Borromeo, Saints Carlo and Federigo. See
Milan, Archbishops of
Borselen, Jan Willem van, Dutch painter,
XII 249
Borsieri, Pietro, x 119
Borstell, retreat of, before Eugene Beau-
harnais, ix 515; at Dennewitz, 530
Borston Well, Prjevalsky at, xn 798; 802
Bosanquet, Charles, Eicardo's controversy
with, X 772
Bosboom, Johannes, Dutch painter, xn
249
Boscawen, Edward, Admiral, vi 333 ; 342a
sqq. (in Vol. xiii) ; 537 sq.; vn 133
Bosch, Johannes van den. Governor- General
of the Dutch East Indies, xi 667
Boselli, Paolo, Italian statesman, xn 227
Bosi, Carlo Alberto, poet, xi 545
Bosio, Antonio, work of, on the Catacombs,
I 610
Bosna valley, fighting in, xn 400
Bosnia, dissensions in, i 71 sq. ; conquered
by the Turks, 72 sqq.; sends reinforce-
ments to Solyman II, m 107; v 366;
Prince Eugene in, 370; vi 648;' 675;
suggested occupation of, by France, ix
308; 312; unrest in, x 549, xi 533; xn
3; 9; rising in, 32; 172; annexed by
Austria, 175 sq., 192, 211 sq., 378, 427 sq. ;
198; Austrian rule in, 199 sq. ; 382 sq. ;
385 sqq.; Austria and, 389, 394; 390;
the Treaty of San Stefano and, 392 ; the
Treaty of Berlin and, 396, 399; 400
Bosporus, The, passage of, vi 673 sq. ;
Eussian rights in, x 170, 203, 444;
Eussian squadron in (1833), 552 sq.,
558; Great Britain and, 562; closed to
war-ships, 564, 572; the Sultan's rights
in, XI 634
Bosse, Pieter Philip van, Dutch statesman,
XI 667
Prussian official, xii 155
Bossu, or Bossut, Maximilian de Hennin,
lord of, General of the States, in 250
Count, Spanish admiral, in 236-7
Bossuet, Jacques-B^nigne. See Meaux,
Bishop of
Boston (Mass.), settlement of, vn 16;
Quakers at, 25; ship-building at, 56;
literature in, 60; disaffection in, 146,
149, 151 sqq. ; and the tea riot, vi 446
sq., vn 158 sqq.; evacuated by the British
(1776), 171 ; and writs of assistance, 177
sqq. ; legislation in, 187 ; 268 ; merchants
of, 310 sq., 319; 321; action ol the
Shannon and the Chesapeake off, 342;
communication with, 351, 694; imports
of, 355; emigration from, 359; woollen
manufacturers at, 376; Anti-Slavery So-
ciety in, 387 ; orators of, 743 sq.
Boston Bay, settlements in, vn 16, 18, 21
Athenaeum, The, vn 744
"Boston Massacre, The," vn 153 sq.
Boston, John, monk qf Bury, Catalogue
Scriptorum, i 592, 611
Bostrom, Erik Gustaf, Swedish statesman,
XII 277
Boswell, Sir William, advice given to
English traders by, iv 749
Bosworth, battle of (1485), i 463 sq.
Botany, history of. See Science
Bay, convicts at, ix 737
Both, Governor- General Pieter, Dutch trade
with Japan and, iv 712
Botha, Louis, Boer general, xn 643
Bothmer, Count Johann (Hans) Caspar von,
Hanoverian envoy in London, v 476, vi
12 sqq. , 16, in London, 17 sqq. ; death
of, 13
Bothnia, East, peasant risings in, iv 172
Gulf of, v 610; Eussian fleet in, vi
779
Bothniensis, Nicolaus, at the Upsala Mote,
n 632
Bothvid. See Strengnaes, Bishop of
Bothwell Bridge, battle of (1679), v 225,
285 sq.
James Hepburn, 4tli Earl of, n 575,
595; ni268; 270 sqq.; 529
Bott, mutineer at Cadiz, vin 630
Botta, Carlo G. G., Italian historian, xn
842
Paul-Emile, Assyriologist, xn 845
Marquis de, Austrian ambassador in
Eussia, VI 315 sqq.
Botticella, Alessandro, scholar, ii 16
Botticelli, Alessandro Filipepi, Florentine
painter, i 147
Bottot, Secretary to Barras, viii 679
Bou Amena, revolt of, xn 129
Bouchain, taken by the French (1676), v
44, (1712), 434; 45; captured by Marl-
borough (1711), 431
Bouch^-Leclercq, Auguste, historian, xn
845
Boucher, Jean, Sermons de la simuUe Con-
version, ni 764 ; the Be Justa Abdicatione
Henrici Tertii, ib.
de Perthes, Jacques, archaeologist,
xn 850
Saint- Sauveur, Antoine, Paris deputy
to the National Convention, vm 247
Benches de Meuse, department of, ix 417
Bouchotte, J.-B.-Noel, French Minister of
War, vni 339, 343, 362, 424, 429 sq.
Bouet-Willaumez, Comte Louis-Edouard,
French vice-admiral, xi 582
Boufflers, Louis-Francois de Boufflers, Duke
of, Marshal of France, v 405 sq.; 421;
425 sq.
258
General Index,
Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de, vii 126,
137, 139 sqq., 143
Bouille,Fran9oi8-C. -A. , Marquis of , Governor
of the Antilles, vi 451; 453; commands
the Army of the East, vin 192, 403 sq.
Bouillon, duchy of, returned to Bishop
of Li^ge, n 94 ; and Luxemburg, ix 655 ;
separation of, from France, 664; added
to the Netherlands (1815), x 524
Fr^d^ric- Maurice de La Tour
d'Auvergne, Duke of, rallies to the
Crown (1652), iv610; joins rebels, 611;
withdraws to Bordeaux, 613; at court,
616; death of, 618
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke
of (1614), IV 119 sq.; marches to Poitou,
121; 122; gains of, 124; 126; conspiracies
of, 150 sq.
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte
de Turenne, Duke of, in 22 ; 27 ; 35 ; 50 ;
acquires Bouillon (1591), 665; 418, 669
Bqq.; 711; quarrels with Henry IV, 722
• Henri-Eobert, Duke of, iii 25
Boulainvilliers, Comte Henri de, viii 14, 16
Boulanger , Georges - Ernest- Jean - Marie ,
French Minister of War, xii 96; 112;
162
Boulay, French army corps at, xi 586
de la Meurthe, Antoine- J.-C- J.,
Comte de, vm 509 sq.; 516; 517; 677;
686; IX 151
Boulogne, siege and capture of, by Henry
VIII (1544), II 78, 245, 459; French siege
of (1549), 460, 493; given up to France
by Warwick (1550), 86, 268, 499; pro-
jected seizure of, in 42; conference at
(1600), 534, 536; Elizabeth claims, 670;
Napoleon's projected invasion of England
and, IX 28, 212-5, 237, 244, 252 ; British
attack on flotilla at, 215-6; French army
moved from, 234; Italian troops in
manoeuvres at, 396
Boulogneberg, evacuated by the English
(1549), II 493
Boulonnais, The, v 4; rising in, 9
Boulter, Hugh, Archbishop of Armagh, vi
486 sq. ; death of, 488
Boulton, Matthew, mechanician, vm 765;
X 734
Bounty Act, English (1689), v 264 ; extended,
VI 49
Bouquet, Henry, Swiss officer in the English
service, vn 97, 136
Bourbaki, Charles- Denis -Sauter, French
general, xi 257; 607 sq. ; retreats into
Switzerland, 609 ; 610 sq.
Bourbon, !le de (Reunion), and the Revo-
lution, viii 194; reduced (1810), ix 240,
731-2, 754; 390
House of, IX 70 ; French clergy work
for return of the, 206 ; 315, 331 ; restora-
tion of the, 555 sqq.
Anne of Beaujeu, Duchess of, i 109,
393, 397; Regent of France, 445; n 37;
the Duchy of Bourbon and, 46
Bourbon, Antony, Duke of, King-consort of
Navarre, joins the Reformers, n 295;
vacillation of, 297 sqq., 303; 667; death
of. III 6
Charles, Cardinal de, Archbishop of
Rouen, in 30 sqq., 45-6; proclaimed
Charles X, 48; dies (1590), 49; 415;
451 sqq.; 660
Charles II, Cardinal de, 1590 (the
younger), previously Cardinal de Ven-
dome. Archbishop of Rouen, in 49 ; 62
Charles, Count of Montpensier and
Duke of, Constable of France, i 397; ii
24, 46 sq., 49 sqq., 53 sqq., 421, 423
Charlotte de, 3rd wife of William of
Orange. See Orange
Henry de, of Navarre. See Henry IV
of France
Jean II, Duke of, i 393
Juan de, xii 258; 260
Louis, Bastard of, sent to occupy
the Somme towns, i 438
Louis of. Bishop of Liege. See
Liege
Louis-Henri I, Duke of, vi 134 ; 138 ;
140; fall of, 143 sq.; 146; 163
Louis-Henri II, Duke of, emigrates
(1789), vm 165
Peter, Duke of, Regent of France,
I 115 sq., 394
Siisanue, Duchess of, ii 46
Bourbonnais, The, customs of, v 13
Bourbotte, Pierre, member of the Con-
vention, vm 388
Bourboulon, French Minister in China,
XI 817 sq.
Bourcet, Pierre- Joseph, French engineer,
Napoleon's indebtedness to, vm 578
Bourdaloue, le p^re Louis, Jesuit, oratory
of, II 373 ; V 65 ; as a preacher, 80
Bourdeilles, Pierre de, Abb6 de Brantome.
See Brantome
Bourdelot, Queen Christina's French phy-
sician, IV 576
Bourdon de la Crosni^re, Leonard J. J.,
deputy to the National Convention, vm
234, 366, 385
de I'Oise, Francois-Louis, deputy to
the National Convention, vm 361, 366,512
Bourg, fortification of, in 410; siege of
(1600), 418, 677
St Pierre, ix 59-60
Anne du. See Du Bourg
Antoine du. See Du Bourg
Bourges, Council of (1438), i 386, 671;
Andrea Alciati at, m 58; Pragmatic
Sanction of, 659 ; submits to Henry IV,
662 ; abdication of Don Carlos at, xi
653 ; arsenal of, 607 ; 608 sq.
- — Renaud de Beaume, Archbishop of,
in 45, 52
J.-M. Cliquet de Fontenay, Arch-
bishop of, X 85
Bourget {or Le Bourget), abandoned by the
French, xi 498; 607
General Index,
259
Bourgoing, conferences at, iii 417
Bourignon, Antoinette de, pietist, v 762
Bourke, John, commands army in Con-
naught, IV 525 ; Galway Castle capitulates
to, 526
Sir Richard, Governor of New South
Wales, XI 792
Bourlamaque, Chevalier de, French lieu-
tenant, VII 126, 135, 143
Bourmont, Louis-Auguste- Victor, Comte de
Chaisne de. Marshal of France, ix 2; 14,
17; x97; in Portugal, 335 ; 486; 488
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop of Bath, ii 531
Rear- Admiral John, appointment of,
IV 478; Government and, 540
Major Nehemiah, Richard Crom-
well's fall and, iv 450 sq.
William Sturges-, x 660
Bourn on ville. Count, Imperial commander,
v651
Bourquin, French commander, defeat of,
IX 726
Bourr^, Jean, Minister of Louis XI, i 403,
409
Bourr^e, Fr^d^ric-Albert, French Minister
at Peking, xii 525
Bourrienne, L.-A. Fauvelet de, French
diplomatist, viii 616, 683; Minister at
Hamburg, i?; 378; advice of, 574
Bouteville, Francois de Montmorency,
Seigneur de, iv 155
Bouthillier, family of, Richelieu and, iv
123; 164; Mazarin and, 593, 596. See
also Chavigny
Claude Le, Sieur de Fouilletourte,
member of Council, rv 593 ; driven from
Council by les Importants, 596
L^09 Le. See Chavigny
Boutmy, Emile, and French educational
reform, xii 114
Bouvet, Francois-Joseph, Baron, French
admiral, viii 474 sq.
Bouvines, captured by the French (1554),
II 89; restored to Li6ge (1559), 94
Bover, Peter Turner, naval lieutenant, viii
478
Boves, Tomas, x 289 sq.; 293
Bovey Tracey, Parliamentary victory at,
IV 334
Bovillus, Carolus, French philosopher, i
415
Bowdich, Thomas, mission of, to Kumassi,
XII 807
Bower, Hamilton, in Tibet, xii 803
Bowes, Sir Robert, ii 446; invasion of
Teviotdale by (1542), 455
Bowling Green (Kentucky), Buckner at
(1861), VII 462 sq., 493 sq.; evacuated,
559
Bowring, Sir John, x 755; Governor of
Hongkong, xi 325; 815; 831; mission
of, to Siam, xii 535
Bowyer, Ludowic, punishment of, iv 279
Boxall, John, ii 501
Boxer movement, The, xii 617 sqq.; 575
Boyaca, victory of Bolivar at (1819), x
294
Boycott, Captain Charles Cunningham, xii
38; 78
Boyen, Hermann von, Prussian Adjutant-
general, IX 332; XI 456
L. H. L. von, Prussian Minister,
X 365 sq. ; XI 49 ; 66
Boyle, Henry. See Shannon, Earl of
Robert, physicist, v 715; 722; 728;
and modern chemistry, 730 sq. ; 732
Roger, Earl of Orrery. See Orrery
Boyne, battle of the (1690), v 58, 261, 314
Boyneburg, John Christian von, policy of,
IV 431
Boyve, French socialist, xii 124
Bozius, Franciscus (of Gubbio), iii 744;
757
Brabant, acquired by Philip of Burgundy
(1430), I 419 ; devastated by Van Rossem,
II 76; influence of William of Orange
in, III 248; Maurice of Nassau's army
threatens, 519; Parma conquers, 618;
North, raided (1590), 626; freed from
Spaniards, 629; Spanish influence in,
630; V 153; Marlborough in, 416; 426;
VI 248; and the Barrier Treaty, 640;
frontiers of, 645 sq. ; Estates of, 650
sqq.; discontent in (1787-8), viii 817
sq., 320, 327 sq.; rebels in, 329; agri-
culture in, X 731, 750; xi 670; anti-
French feeling in, 673
Anthony, Duke of, i 418, 421
John II, Duke of, i 419
Philip, Duke of, i 419
Bracamonte, Gasparo de, at Miinster, iv
401
Bracciano, Castle of, iii 428-9
Bracton, Henry, in 748
Braddock, Edward, Commander-in-chief in
North America, vi 333 ; 413 ; vii 123 sqq.
Bradford, and the yarn trade, x 736
John, Protestant martyr, ii 161,
521, 538 sqq.
William, Governor of New Ply-
mouth, VII 12, 14
Bradlaugh, Charles, and the parliamentary
oath, XII 37 sq.
Bradleigh, Sir Thomas, in 284
Bradley, Humphry, engineer, i 526
James, astronomer royal, v 721
Bradock Down, Royalist victory of, rv
308
Bradshaw, John, at trial of Charles I, rv
355; elected President of the Council,
434
Bradstreet, John, American major-general,
VII 135
Simon, Commissioner of the New
England Confederation, vii 23
Braemar, Earl of Mar in, vi 98
Bragadin, Venetian envoy to Spain, vi 137
Braganza, captured by the Spaniards, vi
369; base of Wellington's operations, ix
476
260
General Index,
Braganza, House of, the colonies and, r?
714; IX 315; 428
Duke of. Hee John IV, King of
Portugal
Bragg, Braxton, Confederate general, vn
506 sqq. ; evacuates Chattanooga, 509;
611; defeated at Chattanooga, 513
Bragge-Bathurst, Charles, pamphlet of, ix
682
Brahe, Ebba, and Gustavus Adolphus, iv
178
Magnus, Count, xi 685
Per, Swedish statesman, Oxenstierna
and, IV 569 ; defends the Swedish penin-
sula, 584; 590; v 564 sq.; 568
Tycho, III 697 ; claim of, to distinc-
tion, IV 562; V 709; 713
Brailoff, Kussian capture of (1770), vi
673, (1809), IX 485
Braithwaite, General, defeated by Tipu,
VI 577
Bramah, Joseph, and the planing-machine,
X 734
Bramahof, French troops in, vi 235
Bramante, Donato Lazzari (of Urbino),
II 5, 12 sqq.; iii 439, 444
Bramhall, John, Archbishop of Armagh,
IV 520; V 321
Brand, Henry B. W. See Hampden, Vis-
count
Brandan, St, Irish missionary, i 19, 50
Brandaris, destroyed by the English (1666),
V 187
Brandeis, Bauer's success near, iv 379;
Prussian force at, vi 257 sq.
German trader in Samoa, vii 662
Brandenburg (for later history of Branden-
burg-Prussia see also Prussia), virtual
defection of, from Protestant Union,
IV 12; 83; 85; 92; 95; representatives
of, at Brunswick, 96; inroads into, 100
sq.; 103; Pomeranian succession secured
to, 104; Gustavus Adolphus and, 191 sqq.;
compensation suggested for, 218; 219;
invaded by Wallenstein, 237; secures
Cleves, Mark, and Eavensburg, 409;
jealous of Sweden, 416; Thirty Years'
War in, 418; agricultural conditions in,
419 ; native industries in, 421 ; disputes
between Sweden and, 426 ; and Charles X,
427; and Great Poland, 428; Sweden
and, 429; Mazarin supported by, 430;
allied with Austria, 431; and Peace of
Oliva, 433 ; Estates of, 254 ; Oxenstierna
and, 255; vi 34; taxation in, 221; cloth
manufacture in, 224 sq. ; 269; 277; 279;
288; and Poland, 664 sq., 667, viii 522;
levy on, ix 307; Prussian National As-
sembly at, XI 193 ; 198 ; growth and
development of, to 1640, Vol. v. Chap.
XX ; under Electors Frederick William
and Frederick III (1640-1713), Chap, xxi;
25; and France, 33, 38; and United
Provinces, 37, 157, 161, 164, 166; 39 sq.;
and Sweden, 45; 55; 414; 568; 586
Brandenburg, the Mark, vi265sq.; Russian
army in, 277, 282, 287 sqq., 291 sq.; 295,
716 ; the Kurmark of, v 618, vi 716, 718 ;
the Middle Mark of, v 618; the New
Mark of, 618, 621, 624, 632, 634 ; Russian
army in, vi 279 sq., 287, 296; the North-
ern Mark of, v 617 sq., 620 ; the Old
Mark of, 618 sq., 621, 625, ix 656; the
Vormark (Priegnitz) of, v 618; the Uker-
mark of, 618, 620; Swedish army in, vi
280, 296
Brandenburg, House of, ix 592
Electors of : —
Albert Achilles, i 81; 297; 691; v
624 sq.
Frederick I, i 297 ; v 622 sq.
Frederick H, i 297; v 620; 623 sq.;
634
Frederick III. See Frederick I, King
of Prussia
Frederick William (the *• Great Elec-
tor"), succeeds, iv 384 ; Ferdinand III and,
393 ; futile mediation of, in the Thirty
Years' War, 396; 401; 404; Swedish
"satisfaction" and, 407; 412; "Jiilich
War" and, 426; Charles X and, 427 sq.
allied with Austria and Poland, 429
negotiates with France, 430 ; 431 ; Rhein
bund and, 432; Charles X and, 580 sq.
John Casimir of Poland and, 583 ; Treaty
of Wehlau and, 585 sq.; invades Jutland,
588; Treaty of Oliva and, 433, 590; and
the persecution of French Protestants, v
22, 25; and Louis XIV, 41 sq., 47; and
United Provinces, 37, 42; and Emperor
Leopold I, 43 ; at Colmar, 44 ; at Fehr-
bellin, ife.; treaty of, with Sweden, 45;
and William of Orange, 52, 107, 244 ; and
the Dutch war with England, 109 ; joins
Quadruple Alliance, ib. ; and the Swedish-
Dutch War, 146; 344; and Emperor
Leopold, 353, 359, 671; 354; and Sweden,
663, 568 sqq.; 617; youth and accession
of, 639 sq.; foreign policy of, 640 sq.;
marriage of, 641 ; administrative reforms
by, 642 ; and the army, 642 sq. ; and the
Empire, 643; and the duchy of Prussia,
643 sq. ; and the Rhenish duchies, 645 ;
encourages immigration and industries,
645 sq. ; colonial and naval policy of, 646
sq., 691; religious toleration by, 647 sqq.;
and the Bishop of Munster, 649; and
England, 649 sq., 653; and France,
649 sq. ; and the war with Sweden,
651 sq.; and the treaties of Nymegen
and St Germain, 652; and the Emperor
Leopold, 652 sqq. ; alliance of, with
France, 653; with the United Provinces,
654; and the expedition of William of
Orange, 655; second marriage of, ib.',
death of, 54, 655; successive wills of,
656; character of, i6.; significance of this
rule, 657; 660 sq.; 743; vi 4; postal
system of, 205 ; 206 ; 208 ; 213 ; and the
nobUity, 217; 221; 227; 664
General Index,
261
Brandenburg, Electors of, contd. : —
George William, iii 722 ; iv 17 ; 25 ;
68 ; 88 ; mission to Copenhagen from, 89 ;
concludes treaty with Christian IV, 90;
92 ; 97 ; allies himself with Bethlen Gabor,
91, 100; declares for Emperor, 100 sq. ;
104; and the Edict of Kestitution, 111,
114, 117 ; 184 ; ruler of East Prussia, 185 ;
policy of, 186; compensated in West
Prussia, 187; policy of, 194; Gustavus
and, 197 sq. ; delivers Spandau to Gus-
tavus, 200; at Berlin, ib.; 202; 204;
John George and, 211 ; Oxenstierna and,
224 ; 225 ; Heilbronn Alliance and, 226 ;
peace negotiations with, 233 ; 235 ; Arnim
and, 236; Wallenstein and, 237; 244;
Peace of Prague and, 254 sq. ; desire of,
for settlement, 366 sq. ; lays claim to
Pomerania, 373; concludes treaty with
Poland (1638), 378; death of, 384; v 637
sq. ; 640 sqq.
Joachim I, i 316; at the Diet of
Nurnberg, ii 170; 195, 198; attitude of,
to Lutheranism, 201, 215, 220; death of,
237; V 624 sqq.
Joachim II, becomes Lutheran, ii
237; 238 sq., 241 sq., 251; persuades
Philip of Hesse to surrender, 261; the
Interim and, 264 ; in 152 sq. ; 168 ; 176 ;
V 624; 626 sq.; 636
Joachim Frederick, administrator
of Magdeburg, in 153, 706, 710, 714
sqq.; 722 sqq.; iv 22; v 627 sq.;
636
John Cicero, v 624
John George, in 704 sqq.; 711 sq.;
V 624; 627; 636
John Sigismund, Duke of Prussia,
claim of, to Jiilich-Cleves, in 642, 687
sq., 716, 729; and the Protestant Union,
725 ; and Maurice of Nassau, 733 ; adopts
Calvinism, 723, iv 3, 10 ; and the Imperial
succession, 17; and the Elector Pala-
tine, 25, 27 sqq., 33; v 627 sq.; 636 sq.;
743
Sigismund. See Sigismund, Em-
peror
Brandenburg, Albert the Bear, Margrave
of, V 618 sq.; 624
Albert II, Margrave of, v 620
Albert of Brandenburg- Ansbach, 1st
Duke of Prussia. See Prussia
Albrecht (Albert) of. Archbishop
Elector of Mainz. See Mainz
Anna, Electress of, consort of John
Sigismund, in 716
Charles Emil, Electoral Prince of,
V 651
Christian William of, Administrator
of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt,
IV 91 ; 94 ; supports Gustavus Adolphus,
195 ; captured at Magdeburg, 202 ; Peace
of Prague and, 253
Dorothea (of Holstein-Glucksburg),
Electress of, v 665 sq. ; 658
Brandenburg, Elizabeth of Denmark, Elec-
tress of, II 202
Elizabeth Charlotte, Electress of,
Princess Palatine, consort of George
William, m 722, iv 17; 25
Margrave Ernest of, in 730
Count Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian
Prime Minister, xi 193, 218; and the
Hesse -Cassel question, 229; death of,
230
Margrave George of. See Branden-
burg-Ansbach
Margrave John George of. Prince of
Jagerndorf, under the ban (1620), iv 68;
71; 75; v 653
Louisa Dorothea Sophia, daughter
of Elector Frederick III, Princess of, v
661
Louisa Henrietta (of Orange), Elec-
tress of, consort of Frederick William I,
V 622 w., 641; 655 sq.; 668
Matthias von Jagow, Bishop of, ii
237
Otto II, Margrave of, v 620
Waldemar, the False, claiming to be
Margrave of, v 621
Waldemar the Great, Margrave of,
V 620; 631
See also Charles IV, Emperor ; John
of Luxemburg ; Moravia, Jodocus of
Brandenburg- Ansbach, House of, Protes-
tant, III 704, 724 sq.
Albert, Margrave of. See Prussia
George, Margrave of (Prince of
Jagerndorf, the Pious), i 337; and the
Peasants' Eising, n 191 ; the Protest
signed by, 205 ; and Schmalkaldic League,
215 ; condemned by Kammergerichty 221 ;
and Jagerndorf, v 625 sq. ; 635
George Frederick, Margrave of, ni
714; 716; death of (1603), 722; v
636
Joachim Ernest, Margrave of, iii
725 ; 732 ; 735 ; IV 1 ; advises Frederick V
to accept Bohemian throne, 29; 67;
agrees to abandon Frederick, 69; in
touch with him, 80
Brandenburg- Ansbach and Baireuth, Sophia
(of Poland) , Margravine of, v 635
Brandenburg - Baireuth (and Culmbach),
Margrave Casimir of, i 312; adopts
Lutheranism, n 169, 195 ; the Peasants'
Rising and, 188, 190
Charles Ernest, Margrave of, v 418
Christian, Margrave of {earlier M. of
Culmbach), m 725
John (the Alchemist), Margrave of,
V 623
Margravine Wilhelmina of, vi 19;
210; 253
Brandenburg-Ciistrin, John or Hans, Mar-
grave of, and the Schmalkaldic League,
n 238; won over by Charles V, 251, 253;
opposition to the Interim by, 264, 270;
refuses to join Henry II, 271 ; v 626
262
General Index,
Brandenburg- Culmbaoh (Baireuth), Albert
Alcibiades, Margrave of, allied with
Charles V, n 87, 252 sq., 273 sq.; 259;
allied with Francis I, 270 sq., 273; wins
battle at Pommersfelden, 275; defeated
by Maurice of Saxony, ih. ; ni 151
Margrave Casimir of, i 312
Christian, Margrave of {afterwards
M. of Baireuth), ra 725
Brandenburg- Schwedt, Margrave Charles of,
VI 280 ; 288
Brandes, Georg, Danish critic, xi 700 ; xn 292
Brandis, Christian August, German scholar,
XII 822
Brandolini, Kaffaelle, lecturer at Eome,
n 17
Brandon, Charles. See Suffolk, Duke of
Duke of. See Hamilton, 4th Duke of
Brandt, Carsten, German shipmaster, in
Eussia, V 520
Enevold, Count, Christian VII and,
VI 745 sq. ; 749 ; execution of, 750 ; 751
Brandywine, battle on the (1777), vn 213
Brankovic, George, despot of Servia, i 69
Brant, Sebastian, The Ship of Fools, i 637
sq., 676, 683, ii 280
BrantSme, Pierre de Bourdeilles, Abb6 de,
in 65
Braschi, Giovanni Angelo. See Pius VI
Braschi-Onesti, Eomuald, Cardinal, x 133
Brask, John. See Linkoeping, Bishops of
Braun, Alexander Karl Hermann, Saxon
statesman, xi 149
Braunau (Upper Austria), vi 236 ; fall of,
238; Kutusoff at, ix 255; occupied by
French troops, 269 ; French evacuation
of, 309
(Bohemia), Protestant action in, iv
14 sq., 19; Abbot of, banished, 21
Bravo, Luis Gonzalez. See Gonzalez
Murillo, Juan, Spanish statesman,
XI 557 sqq.; resignation of, 559; 563
Braxfield, Eobert Macqueen, Lord, Scottish
judge, vni 770
Bray, John Francis, economic theories of,
X 782
Sir Eeginald, Minister of Henry VH,
I 477
Braye, fight at (1814), ix 547
Brazil, discovery of, by Pinzon, i 34 ; race
inhabiting, 38, 59 ; Durand's colony in,
48 sq.; mines of, iii 499; Dutch trade
with, 633 ; expedition of West India Com-
pany to (1623), IV 703; Spanish fleet on
coast of, 705; extension of Dutch dominion
in, 708; revolt of Portuguese in (1645),
709; Portugal, United Provinces and,
714 ; Admiral Witte de With and, 726 ;
Dutch West India Company in, 750 sqq.;
lost by the Dutch (1654), 753 sqq.; 759 ;
Portugal and, v 107, 146; Dutch abandon
claim to, 148, 675 sq. ; slave labour in,
676 sq.; 677 ; discovery of gold in, 678 sq.;
in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
turies, Vol. VI, Chapter xii (3) ; progress
of, 184; 187; independence of , 189 ; 351;
384 ; Jesuits expelled from, 387 ; French
ships off, IX 234; withdrawal of Portu-
guese fleet to, 236; Prince Eegent of
Portugal sails for, 304; 321; 363; and
the Congress of Vienna, 584; incorpora-
tion of, with Portugal, 669; and Portugal,
Vol. X, Chap. X passim ; 212 ; contraband
trade in, 257 ; trade and industries in,
586, 761 ; Eepublic established in, xn
270 ; 672 ; affairs in (1840-95), 674 sqq. ;
and Uruguay, 680 ; 681 ; and Argentina,
682; 690 sq.; 693; boundary disputes of ,
655, 722; arbitration treaties by, 727
Brazil Company (Portuguese), v 675
Don John of. See John, Don, of
Brazil, Prince Eegent of Portugal
Brazos Is., captured (1863), vii 552
Brazza, Count Pietro Savorgnan de, African
explorer, xii 130 ; 256 ; 658 ; 812
Br6a, Jean-Baptiste-Fid^le, French general,
XI 113
Ereadalbane, John Campbell, 1st Earl of,
VI 98
John Campbell, 3rd Earl of, vi 435
Br^ard, Jean- Jacques, member of the Gomit€
de Salut Public, vin 269, 375
Brearly, David, New Jersey deputy at the
Constitutional Convention, vn 246, 252
Brechin, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
Breckinridge, John Cabell, Confederate
general, vii 439 sq., 445; at Chatta-
nooga, 513 ; Secretary of War, 542
Breda, conference at (1575), in 241, pa-
triotism at, 248 ; siege of, 578 ; capture
of (1590), 626; captured by Spinola
(1624), 656, (1625), re 88, 258, 642, 691;
Frederick Henry captures, 698, 699 ; 755 ;
Charles II of England^t, v 148 ; Declara-
tion of, 92 ; 94 ; 99 ; aUied forces at, vi
246 ; Belgian exiles at, viii 328 ; captured
by the French (1793), 419, (1794), 436;
taken by Napoleon (1810), ix 370
Treaty of (1667), iv 740, v 37, 112 sq.,
151, 154, 187, 189, 199, 329, vn 111
Brederode, Francis van, defeated at Brou-
wershaven (1490), i 449
Henry, Lord of, in 194, 201 sqq.
Lancelot, in 236
Walraven, Lord of, in 640
Brederoo, Gerbrand Adrianszoon, works of,
IV 718 ; 721
Bredow, General von, at Vionville, xi 691
Bredy, Major-General, shot at Vienna, xi
186
Breedevoort, siege of (1597), in 629
Bregaglia, preachers m, iv 46 ; Catholic
commune of, 47 ; subdued by Feria, 55 ; 61
Bregenz, conference of sovereigns at, xi
229
Breisach, Bernard of Weimar's siege and
capture of, iv 148, 376 sq. ; protected
by Gotz, 375 ; Gu^briant at, 381, 382 ;
Treaty of, 383; 388; French claim to,
246, 379-80, 382, 406; ceded to France,
General Index.
263
406, 416 ; 602 ; seized by Harcourt, 618 ;
V 45; 48; ceded to France, 63; 408;
Charles of Lorraine at, vi 238
Breisgau, The, French troops in, vi 241 ;
ceded to Modena, viii 592, ix 94
Breismann, John, Eeformer, ii 161
Breitenfeld, battle of (1631), iv 205 sqq.,
209 sq., 214, 222 ; Horn and, 227 ; second
battle of (1642), 386
Breitinger, Johann Jakob, vi 625 ; x 384
Bremen, joins Schmalkaldio League, ii
215 ; resists Charles V, 262 ; and
Hanseatic League, iv 8; port of, de-
manded by Gustavus Adolphus, 191 ;
Danish claims on see of, 387; taken by
Konigsmark, 390; given to Prince Fre-
derick of Denmark, 365 ; archbishopric
of, claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick,
403; ceded to Sweden, 404, 408; trade
of, 419 sq.; duchy of, in the Hildesheim
alliance, 425 ; quarrel of, with Oldenburg,
427 ; England and, 429 ; Sweden signs
Rhei7ibund for, 432; Charles X and, 578;
580; reconquered by Bilde, 584; Carte-
sian philosophy at, 791; purchased by
George I, v 650; Sweden and, 562 sq.,
603; 569; 679; seized by Danes (1712),
582, 607, 610 sq.; 613; bishopric of, 615;
652 ; VI 21; annexed to Hanover, 23 sq.;
28 ; Charles XII and, 34 ; 36 ; 39 ; and
Sweden, 104; Prussian troops occupy,
IX 48; withdraw from, 50; embarkation
of British force at, 263 ; transferred to
Prussia, 264 ; government of, 409 ; Van-
damme in, 515 ; Jews of, 588 ; free city
of, X 341; and the Customs' Union, 373 ;
XI 54; revolutionary movement at, 161;
and the German customs, xn 156
Bremen, Archbishops of : —
Christopher of Brunswick, ii 231
George of Brunswick, iii 157
Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg (1566-85),
III 157
John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp,
IV 89; 98
Breragarten, vi 616
Brenkenhof, Franz Balthasar Schonberg
von, VI 733
Brenner Pass, Bavarian detachment at,
V 407
Brennier, French Commandant of Almeida,
ix4C6
Brent, Sir Nathaniel, Vicar-General of
Laud, IV 279
William, United States Minister in
Buenos Ayres, xii 680 sq.
Brentano, Clemens, German Komanticist,
X 401 sq. ; 404 sqq. ; xii 818 ; 822
Ludwig, Baden revolutionary, xi
221
Brentford, sacked by Eupert, iv 308 sq.
Brenz, John (Johann Brentzen), Eeformer,
II 160, 207, 234 ; driven into exile, 265,
714; his principles of freedom, m
755
Brereton, Sir William, victory of, at
Nantwich, iv 312; Fairfax and, 321;
Parliamentary General in the West,
329; surrender of Chester to, 335
Bresca, Genoese family of, iii 443
Bresci, assassinates King Humbert, xn 223
Brescia, lost by Venice (1509), i 133 ; re-
covered and lost again (1512), 136 sq.;
V 402 ; Prince Eugene at, 414 ; Wurmser
captures (1796), vm 574, evacuates, 575;
revolt at (1797), 681 sq. ; xi 85 ; the
defence of, 95 ; Garibaldian prisoners at,
533
Breslau, influence of Wittenberg on, ii 161 ;
Frederick's manifesto issued from, iv 67;
religious liberty of, 413 ; Prussia and, vi
229 sq.; 235; 264; 273; Prussian defeat
at, 274 sq. ; surrender of, 276; 294; 721;
Treaty of, 231, 317, 319; siege of (1806),
IX 281; University established at, 327;
328; Frederick William at, 512, 613;
French troops at, 620; Allies' troops
near, 523; University of, x 366; tumult
at, 364; disturbance at (1848), xi 157;
193; 219; supports Bismarck, 451
Martin Gerstmann, Bishop of (1574-
85), m 93
Bresse, given up by France (1558), ii 94;
ceded to France, in 419 ; French in
vasion of, 677; customs of, v 13
Philippe de. See Savoy, Duke of
Bresson, Count Charles, French ambassa-
dor at Madrid, xi 17 ; 554
Brest, relief of (1594), in 319 ; Spaniards
driven from, 321, 521 ; development of
V 14; 62; 187; English attack on (1694),
261 sq., 460; expedition sails from, vi
110; 112; 159; Eoquefeuil's fleet at, 239;
349; naval disorders in, vin 193, 447 sq.;
461; French fleet at, 458, 466, 470 sqq.,
480; Napoleon's projected invasion of
England and, ix 210 sqq. ; French ships
at, 219 ; Ganteaume blockaded at, 223 ;
blockaded by Cornwallis, 226; Ganteaume
sails from, 228; 237; British blockade
dispersed, 238; blockade renewed, 240;
French troops at, 262
(in Eussia), Schwarzenberg retreats
to, IX 499
Brestel, Eudolf, Austrian Minister of
Finance, xn 185
Breteuil, Baron de Louis- Auguste le Tonne-
lier, French ambassador at St Petersburg,
VI 327 ; Minister of the Household, vin
103, 114; Chief Minister, 163; dismissed,
165
Brethren of the Common Life, i 434 sq.,
461, 627 sq.
Bretons, revolt of the, ix 564
Brett, police- sergeant, murdered, xn 65
Brewer, David Josiah, and the Venezuelan
Boundary Commission, xn 721
John Sherren, historian, xn 841
Br^z6, Claire- Cl^mence de Maill^. See
Cond^
264
General Index,
Br6z6, Henri-Evrard, Marquis de Dreux et
de, Grand Master of the Ceremonies to
Louis XVI, vra 155, 157
Jean-Armand de Maill6, Duke of.
Admiral of France, iv 599 ; commands
French expedition to Italy, 600; death
of, ih. sq., 609
Urbain de Maill^, Marquis of, Marshal
of France, iv 149 ; and Heidelberg, 248 ;
sent by Louis XIII to Barcelona, 649 ; at
Maestricht, 697
Briand, Aristide, French Minister of Educa-
tion, xn 113 ; 122 sq. ; 127 sq.
Bricherasio, capture of (1594), m 417
Bri^onnet (Brissonet), Guillaume, Cardinal
of St Malo, I 109, 112, 177, 184, 409
Guillaume de (son of above). See
Meaux, Bishop of
Pierre, financial minister of Louis XI,
I 409
Bridge, William, Independent, iv 359
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, Lord Keeper of
the Privy Seal, v 201; 207; 334
Bridges, Colonel John, surprises Dublin
Castle, IV 547
Bridgewater, taken by Fairfax, iv 331 sq.
Bridport, Alexander Hood, Viscount, ad-
miral, VIII 471 sq. ; and the French
invasion (1796), 473, 475 sq. ; and the
Spithead mutiny, 476 sqq.
Brieg, principality of, v 652 ; 659 ; duchy
of, VI 229 ; 230 sq.
Brienne, battle of (1814), ix 545
Briere de I'llle, Louis-A.-E.-G., French
general, in Senegal, xii 129
Briey, Austrian commander, ix 60
Briggs, Henry, mathematician, v 709
Bright, John, x 680 ; xi 309 ; 328 sq. ; 339 ;
and Ireland, 343 sq. ; xn 23 ; resigns,
40 ; 43 ; 437 ; and social reform, 745
Brignole, Marquis de, Genoese plenipo-
tentiary at Vienna, ix 599
Brihuega, Allies defeated at (1710), v 428
Brill, captured by the Gucux de Mer (1572),
ni 229-31, 233, 284; marriage of William
of Orange at, 241 ; held by Elizabeth,
619, 670-1
Brinkley, Kichard, English Hebraist, i 592
Brinon, President of Rouen, French agent in
London, n 423 sq.
Brion, Philippe de. Minister of Francis I,
n 97
Brisbane, convicts at, xi 790 ; 794 sq. ; 798 ;
industries of, xii 623
Brisegna. See Manrique, Isabella
Brisighello, Imperialist colonel, in the
Valtelline, iv 61
Brissac, Francois de, French general in
Italy (1551), n 86
Charles I de Coss6, Comte de,
Marshal of France (Marshal Brissac,
d. 1563), III 6
Charles II de Coss6, Duke of.
Marshal of France (son of Marshal
Brissac), ni 662
Brisson, Bamab6, civil lawyer, i 577; in
60, 58
Henri, French politician, xn 109;
121
Pierre de, captive in Africa, xii 806 ;
808
Brissonius. See Brisson, Bamab^
Brissot de Warville, Jean-Pierre, vni
218 sq. ; foreign poHcy of, 220, 223 ; 240 ;
arrested, 242 ; 249 ; at the King's trial,
258 ; trial and execution of, 357 ; 747 sq.
Brissotins, The, vin 213 sq., 220 sq. ; Minis-
try of, summoned, 223 sq.; 227 sq., 234,
237 sq. ; arrest of, 242, 244, 248. See
also Girondins
Bristol, exploring voyages from, i 20;
Colombo at, 21 ; maritime importance
of, 33 ; at the opening of the First Civil
War, IV 302 ; Rupert at, 324 ; Prince of
Wales at, 328; stormed by Parliamen-
tarians, 332 sqq. ; Irish troops at, 527 ;
Whitefield at, vi 83 ; Reform disturbances
at (1831), X 613 ; xii 654 ; University of,
763
Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of,
VI 451
Frederick Augustus Hervey, 4th
Earl of. Bishop of Derry, vi 601 sq. ;
IX 693
George Digby, 2nd Earl of (1st cr.) ;
created Baron Digby, iv 291 ; Root-and-
Branch petition and, 292; flight of, to
Holland, 300; Rupert and, 319; Charles I
and, 332 sqq. ; 338 ; leads EngUsh Catho-
lics, V 100 sq. ; 105 ; 210
George William Hervey, 2nd Earl of
(2nd cr.), at Madrid, vi 368, 419, 426 ;
431 ; 438 ; Lord Privy Seal, 439 ; 442
John Digby, 1st Earl of, m 660;
Buckingham and, iv 264 ; Charles I and,
265 ; at Vienna, 77 ; 78 ; at Madrid, 82 ;
instructions to, from James I, 625 ;
Buckingham's Spanish mission and, 641
Bristow, Benjamin H., American Secretary
of the Treasury, vii 644
Britanny, relations of, with France, i 392,
396; and the Peace of Le Verger (1488),
394; allied with England, 466; Duchy
of, Philip's plan concerning, in 510, 512,
524; Spanish base in, 521 sqq.; the
League in, 661; English troops with-
drawn from, 666; 672; Spanish expedi-
tion to, 673; Henry IV's expedition to
(1598), 674 sq. ; Vendome Governor of,
IV 119; taxation of, 153; claims of the
Vendome family to, 596; results of the
Fronde in, 621; Estates of, v 4, viii 39
sq., 128 sq. ; disturbances in, v 9 sq.,
VI 130; 356; 452; and the Provincial
Assemblies, viii 112; disaffection in
(1794), 379, 391, (1829), x 97
Anne, Duchess of. See Anne, Queen
of France
Francis II, Duke of, leagued against
France, i 392-4; death of, 394, 449
General Index.
265
Britanny, Jean IV, Duke of, i 392
Louis, Duke of, death of, v 434
British Central Africa, province of, xii 3 ;
661
Columbia, xi 771 ; united to Canada,
776 ; xn 604 sq. ; progress in, 608 ;
internal affairs of, 616 ; 650 ; 814
East Africa, xn 47 ; 660 sqq. ; 813
East Africa Company, xn 661
Museum, foundation of, vi 74
North Borneo Company, xii 669
South Africa Company, xu 49 ;
founded, 639; 664
Brixen, Austria receives the bishopric of,
IX 94
Brochero, Spanish admiral, in 532
Brock, Sir Isaac, major-general, vii 337 sq.
Peter, Kussian Minister of Finance,
XI 266; 614
Brookes, Barthold Heinrich, x 385
Broderith, Hungarian Chancellor, i 96
Brodrick, Alan. See Midleton, Viscount
William St J. F. See Midleton,
Viscount
Broeck, Pieter van den, visit of, to Japan,
IV 712
Bromsebro, Peace of, signed by Christian
IV (1645), IV 390, 572, 574; Mazarin
and, 601
Brofferio, Angelo, x 126; xi 645
Broghill, Boger Boyle, Lord. See Orrery
Broglie, Achille-L^once- Victor- Charles, Due
de, X 52 ; 63 ; 54 ; and the electoral law,
67, 60 sq. ; and the liberty of the press,
68 ; and the Societe des Amis de la Presse,
61; declines office, i6. ; 64; 65; 67;
goes into Opposition, 68; 81; opposes
compensation for the emigres, 86; op-
poses the "law of sacrilege," 87; and
the Revolution of 1830, 478; 480;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 489 ; foreign
policy of, 494 sq. ; fall of, 495 sq. ; and
Algiers, 502; 503; 508; and Louis-
Napoleon, XI 134
Albertine - Ida - Gustavine de Stael,
Duchesse de, x 62; 53
Charles-Franpois, Count of, French
ambassador in Saxony, vi 338
Fran<jois-Marie, Duke of, Marshal of
France, vi 233 sqq.
Jacques-Victor-Albert, Duo de, xii
106 sqq. ; defeated, 110 ; 111 ; 114; 116;
historical works of, 834
Victor-Frangois, Duke of, Marshal of
France, vi269; viiiSl, 159, 163; Secretary
for War, 163 ; emigrates, 165
Victor Maurice, Count of, and the
Camisards, v 26
Maurice de. See Ghent, Bishop of
Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Vere, captain of
the Shannon, vii 342
Broken Hill, silver discovered at, xn 619 ;
628 sq.
Bromberg, Treaty of (Nov. 6, 1657), iv 429 ;
Tchitchagoff at, ix 512
Bromley, Sir Thomas, Chief Justice, n
475
Bronitsi, Russians defeated at, iv 181
Bronkhorsts, faction in Gelders, i 423
Bronte, Charlotte, xi 359 sq.
Emily Jane, xi 354
Bronzell, skirmish at, xi 230
Brook Farm, socialist experiment at, vii
739
Robert Greville, 2nd Baron, grants
of land in New England to, vii 18, 21
Brooke, Sir James, Rajah of Sarawak, xii
635; 669
John R., American general, vu 680
Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester, ii
631, 541
Preston Smith, assaults Sumner,
vn 430
Broschi, Carlo. See Farinelli
Brosolo, Alliance concluded at (1610), in
690
Brotherhood, the Evangelical (of the
Peasants' Rising), demands of, n 180;
Franconian nobles join the, 188
Brottier, Andre-Charles, conspiracy of, vm
503 sqq., 510, 512
Brouage, siege of, in 32
Brouckere, Henri Marie Joseph Ghislain
de, Belgian statesman, xi 672
Brouet, Pascal, ni 586
Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron Brougham
and Vaux, vn 371 ; and the Whig party,
IX 687; and elementary education, 692;
influence of, x 574 ; and the income tax,
675 ; 580 ; opposes the King's divorce bill,
683; 585; and Canning, 591; 598; 601;
and parliamentary reform, 603 ; 604 ;
and the Reform Bills, 610 sq., 614 sq. ;
and the Irish Catholic Association, 642 ;
supports the anti-slavery movement, 658,
677; and the Poor Law, 660, 662; 663
sq. ; Scottish political tour of, 665 ; 666 ;
Melbourne and, 668; 673; and Thomas
Drummond, 677; 679
Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Baron,
x580; 582; and Bentham, 598; and the
Reform Bills, 610 sqq., 614
Brouk^re, Charles de, Belgian deputy, x
480; 531
Brousse, Emile, French socialist, xn 124
sqq.
Broussel, Pierre, French magistrate, arrest
of, IV 607; charge of murder against,
612; made Provost of Merchants, 617
Brouwer, Hendrik, Governor- General of the
Dutch Indies, iv 711
Brown, Benjamin Gratz, Governor of
Missouri, vn 640
Charles Brockden, Wieland, vn 741
George, Canadian politician, xi 769
sq.; 774
John, raid of, at Harper's Ferry,
VII 439
Joseph Emerson, Governor of
Georgia, vn 522, 605, 609
266
Geiieral Index,
Browne, Count Georg von, Russian general,
VI 285
George, Archbishop of Dublin, in
.687
Horace, Colonel, at Bhamo, xii
500 sq.
John, Massachusetts settler, vii 16
Count Maximilian Ulysses von,
Austrian Field-Marshal, vi 254 sqq. ;
death of, 259; 285; 362
Richard, Major-General, the nick-
name of ''The Rump" and, iv 649
Robert, iii 340, 343, 756
Samuel, Massachusetts settler, vii
16
Sir Samuel, in Afghanistan, xii
470
Sir Thomas, v 332
Sir Thomas Gore, Governor of New
Zealand, xi 799
William George, in Africa, xii 805 ;
811; 813
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, xi 352 sqq.
Robert, xi 350; 352 sq. ; and George
Meredith, 361 ; 364 sq. ; xii 13
Brownists, separatism and, iii 340; char-
acter of, in politics, v 326
Brownrigg, Sir Robert, general, in Ceylon,
IX 734
Bruce, Andrew, Bishop of Dunkeld, v 290
Clarence Dalrymple, traveller, xii
803
Sir Frederick W. A., British envoy
to China, xi 817 sq.
James, traveller, xii 805 sq.
Brucioli, Antonio, ii 379 ; printer at Venice,
383
Bruck, Jellaci6 at, xi 187
Baron Karl Ludwig von, Austrian
Minister of Commerce, xi 190 ; 216 ; 223 ;
394 sq.; Minister of Finance, 402; 403;
XII 176
Brue, Andr^, African traveller, xii 806
Briihl, Count Heinrich von, Saxon states-
man, VI 198 sqq. ; 346
Briinn, besieged by Torstensson, rv 389 sq. ;
siege of (1742), vi 233; Russian troops
at (1798), viii 647; Napoleon at, ix 258;
advance of Allies on (1805), 259; the
Austrian Reichstag removed to, xi 187;
Mendel's researches at, xii 766
Bruern, Richard, professor of Hebrew at
Oxford, II 541
Brueys d'Aigalliers, Franpois-Paul, French
admiral, viii 598, 604, 622 sqq. ; killed,
628
Bruges, importance and decline of, 1 425 sqq.,
452; revolt in (1488), 448 sq. ; Maxi-
milian I in, 448; England and, 450,
454; Treaty at, between Charles V and
Henry VIII (1521), ii 43, 418; taken by
Parma, iii 618, 630 ; escape of Archduke
Albert to, 636 ; surrenders to Marlborough
(1706), V 416; the French at, 420; 421
sq.
Bruges, Henri-Alphonse, Vicomte de, pro-
posed as Grand Chancellor of the Legion
of Honour, rx 671
Brugghen, Justinius Jacob Leonard van
der, Dutch statesman, xi 666
Brugmann, Johannes, Dutch preacher, 1 435
Brugsch, Heinrich, Egyptologist, xu 845
Bruin, Lionardo, Florentine historian, i
541-2
Bruins. See Brun
Bruix, Eustache, French admiral, vm 615,
630 sq., 657, 680; ix 63
Brulart, Nicholas. See Sillery
de L6on, French envoy, at Ratisbon,
IV 115
Brumaire^ the coup (Vitat of, and its signifi-
cance for the French Revolution, Vol. viii.
Chap. XXII, 666-88
Brun, St, v 629
Antoine, Spanish plenipotentiary at
Miinster, rv 401, 715
Rudolf, of Zurich, n 312
Brune, Guillaume-Marie-Anne, Marshal of
France, vm 639 sq., 662, 674; ix 13;
14, 21, 68, 89, 96, 112; signs armistice
with Sweden, 295 ; Riigen ceded to, 300 ;
command of, 624 ; assassinated, x 46
Brunei, Sultan of, xn 669
Brunet, Colonel, in Paris, xi 100
Bruueti^re, Ferdinand, xn 119 sq.
Brunetti, Angelo (Ciceruacchio), Roman
tribune, xi 74 ; 76 sq.
Brunfels, Otto, reformer, ii 161
Bruni, Leonardo, History of Florence^ m
471
Brunn, Heinrich, historian, xn 845
Brunnen League, of Swiss Cantons (1315),
II 305
Brunner, Heinrich, historian, xii 850
Philip Joseph, ix 201
Brunnow, Baron Ernst Philipp von, Rus-
sian envoy in London, x 558; 664; xi
632
Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, i 536
Giordano, the philosophy of, n 707
sq., 709 sq.; m 465, 466; death of, iv
668
Brunswick, attack on, by Schmalkaldio
League (1542), n 243; siege of, m 644;
IV 8 ; meeting of Lower Saxon Circle at,
86, 92 sq.; negotiations at, 96; and
Christian IV, 97; subjugation of, 100;
convents restored in duchy of, 112; Con-
gress of (1714), V 610, VI 39; comprised
in kingdom of Westphalia, ix 336, 411 ;
Jews in, 412; army of, 622; and the
Germanic Confederation, x 344 ; and the
Customs' Union, 373, xi 53, 394; re-
volution in (1830), X 374; and Prussia,
XI 228
House of, and Formula Concordiae,
m 704; ix 582
Charles, Duke of, deposed, x 374
Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of,
invades HoUand (1787), vm 107, 287 sq.,
General Index,
267
323; manifesto of, 234, 273, 409; com-
mands the Allies (1792), 407 sqq., 414 sq.,
419, 423 ; at Kaiserslautern, 424 sq. ;
IX 255; 264; Prussian envoy to Eussia,
266; commander-in-chief, 273 sq. ; at
Jena and Auerstadt, 275 sqq. ; death of,
278
Brunswick-Bevem, Frederick Francis, Duke
of, Prussian general, vi 260; 264; 273
sq.
Brunswick-Calenberg, Elizabeth of Bran-
denburg, Dowager-Duchess of, reforms
Brunswick-Calenberg, n 238; 251
Eric I, Duke of, n 220, 232, 235
Eric n, Duke of, n 251, 253, 261
Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip, Duke of,
II 195; 216
Brunswick-Liineburg, v 581 ; and Mecklen-
burg-Giistrow, 663
House of, and Gustavus Adolphus, iv
194 ; and the Treaty of Westphalia, 408 ;
Rheinbund signed by, 431; and France,
V 655; and Prussia, 662; vi 2 sq.; poli-
tical record of, 4 sq.
Dukes of, V 37; 43; join Quadruple
Alliance, 109; 161; 569; 571
Brunswick-Liineburg, Dukes of: —
Christian (d. 1633), iv 79 sq.; 91
Christian Lewis, v 655; vi 2
Ernest, ii 169, 195; the Protest
of Speier signed by, 205 ; 221
Francis, n 195 ; signs the Protest of
Speier, 205 ; 215 sq.
George, commander of Lower Saxon
Circle troops, iv 86; Gustavus and,
207; 220 sq. ; Swedish army and, 225;
227 ; and Bernard of Weimar, 247 ; Peace
of Prague and, 255, 365; Saxony and,
866; neutrality of, 378; opposes the
Emperor, 383; death of, 385; 408; vi 2
Otto of Harburg, ii 195, 215 sq.,
270
Brunswick - Liineburg (Celle), Frederick,
Duke of, VI 2
(Celle), George, Duke of, iv 194
(Celle), George William, Duke of, and
the Grand Alliance, v 55, 244, 403; vi
2 sqq. ; 7 sq. ; death of, 10 ; 12
(Hanover), Ernest Augustus, Duke of,
and Elector of Hanover. See Hanover
(Hanover), John Frederick, Duke of,
V 651; 744; vi 3 sq.
(Celle), Duchess (Eleonora of 01-
breuse), consort of George William,
VI 3
Frederick Augustus, Prince of, v 662
Maximilian William, Prince of, v
662; VI 3
Brunswick- Oels, Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke
of, IX 335; in Westphalia, 337; enters
Brunswick (July 30, 1809), 357; death
of, 629
Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, House of, lu 156
Princess Anna Leopoldovna of, vi
309; 311; 315
Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, Prince Antony
Ulrie of, in Eussia, vi 309
Duke Christian of. Bishop of Halber-
stadt, IV 79 sq. ; at Hochst, 80 sq. ; joins
Mansfeld, 85; at Stadtlohn, 86; 88; re-
signs see of Halberstadt, 91 ; 92 ; brings
reinforcements to Nienburg, 95 ; in Hesse-
Cassel, 96; 97
Dowager-Duchess Elizabeth of, con-
sort of Henry Julius, iv 93
Prince Ferdinand {afterwards Duke
Charles William Ferdinand) of, vi 265
sq. ; 268 ; 272 sq. ; 277 ; and the Army of
Observation, 408; 426; 429
Prince Francis of, vi 290
Princess Sophia Charlotte of, v 638
Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, Dukes of: —
Antony Ulric, and the Grand Alliance,
V 55, 403; 744
Charles I, vi 266
Frederick Ulric, iv 8 ; 79 ; 86 ; 91 sqq.;
submission of, 98
Henry IV, Italian campaign of, ii 68 ;
suppression of Peasants' Eevolt by, 187,
189; 195, 220, 231, 235 sq.; attack on,
by Schmalkaldic League, 243, 251; re-
covers duchy, 259; defeats Albert Alci-
biades, 275; iii 157
Henry Julius, iii 153; 156; 715;
725 sqq, ; adherent of Eudolf II, iv 79
Eudolf Augustus, v 55; 403
Brus, Anton, Archbishop of Prague. See
Prague
Bruslart, Louis Gu^rin de, French general,
IX 2
Brussels, growth of, i 419; Maximilian I
at, 449 ; Treaty of (1498), 454 ; abdication
of Charles V at (1555), ii 90, 537, iii 182 ;
meeting of States General at (1556), 185;
Alva enters, 214; execution of Counts
Egmont and Hoorn at, 219, 220; out-
lawry of William of Orange proclaimed
at, 221; States General at (1569), 226,
(1576), 245-6; Don John's entry into
(1577), 247-8, 499; triumphal entry of
William of Orange into, 248; Archduke
Matthias' entry into, ib. ; abdication of
Charles V of Spanish crowns at (1556),
477; revolt of Italian regiments in,
519; taken by Parma, 618; entry of
Albert and Isabel into (1599), 634 ; Dohna
at, IV 24 ; Charles II in, 540 ; Greenville
at, 555; siege of Hertogenbosch and,
691, 692; the Cardinal Infante sent to,
698; the Duke of York at, v 225; 420;
422 ; siege of, vi 246 ; 651 sq. ; Congress
of, 655; 656; riot in (1787), viii 319;
320; rebellion in (1789), 329; federal
constitution for a Eepublic drawn up at
(1790), ib.; Austrian troops in, 336;
Dumouriez occupies (1792), 299, 417, 420;
evacuated by the French (1793), 421;
Wellington in, ix 622, 626; provisional
Government at (1814), x 520; King
William enters (1815), 624; industrial
268
General Index.
exhibition at, 533; the revolution in
(1830), 534 sqq. ; the National Congress
at, 538; Leopold I in, 540; xi 92; 491;
General Prim at, 568 ; conference at (1863),
672 ; peace conference at, xn 91 ; socialism
at, 252 ; Geographical Congress at, 255 ;
International Monetary Conference at,
484; 825
Bruyninck, secretary of William of Orange,
in 252
Bry, Jean de, French envoy, vra 642, 655 sq.
Bryan, William Jennings, nominated for
the Presidency, vn 673
Bryant, William CuUen, vn 742
Bryce, James, Holy Roman Empire, xn
841
Brydges, Sir John, Governor of the Tower,
n 520
Bry don, William, army surgeon, escapes
from Cabul, xi 733
Bryukelow, Henry, n 490
Brzesc, Union of (1596), iv 189
Buat, Henri de Fleury de Coulan, Sieur de,
execution of, v 152
Bubna, Major-general, Bohemian politician,
at Niirnberg, iv 218; 233; Wallenstein
and, 234
Bubna-Littiz, Count Ferdinand von, Aus-
trian Field-Marshal, ix 359; x 118
Buccleuch, Walter Francis Scott, 5th Duke
of, XI 10
Bucer,Martin, Reformer, friend of Sickingen,
n 155; in Strassburg, 160; 161; at
Marburg, 207 ; 211 ; Tetrapolitana creed
drawn up by, 212, 214, 335; Zwingli and,
216; at the Conference of Wittenberg,
234, 339; 239; draws up a scheme of
comprehension at Eatisbon, 240; 244;
Schmalkaldic League and, 252, 258;
exiled, 265; and the French Reformers,
283, 285 sq.; the Waldenses and, 289;
328; 403; in England, 477, 502 sq., 508
Buchanan, Franklin, Confederate naval
officer, VII 554, 556
George, Scottish Latinist, i 582 ; and
the Portuguese Index, ii 414, 555 ; in 69 ;
De jure regni apud Scotos, 760'
James, vn 419; President of the
United States, 432 sqq., 438, 446 sqq. ;
XI 563; xn 686
Robert, poet, xi 352 sq. ; 357
William J., United States Minister
in Buenos Ayres, xii 679
Bucharest, negotiations at, vi 634; Austrian
army captures (1789), viii 326; reduced
by Russia (1806), ix 388 ; Treaty of (1812),
389, 485, 487, x 169, 175, 185; xi 283;
Russian Governor at, 643; International
Commission at, 643 sqq. ; revolutionary
committee at, xii 383; 414; Treaty of
(1886), 407
Buchez, Philippe- Joseph-Benjamin, x 485 ;
XI 108
Buchholtz, Colonel, expedition of, to Lake
Yamuish, v 544
Buchholz, Prussian envoy to Poland, vm
524, 537 sqq.
Buchner, Eduard, German man of science,
xn 780
Bucholtz, Franz B. von, historian, xn 829
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of,
executed, n 417
George Nugent - Temple - Grenville,
Marquis of (Earl Temple), Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland, vi 462 sq., 474, 601, 505;
467 ; IX 693
George Villiers, 1st Duke of (2nd cr.),
in 560 sq.; 566 ; Lord High Admiral, 567 ;
and financial struggle, 568 sqq. ; and the
Spanish marriage, 575 sq. ; foreign policy
of, 576 sqq. ; rv 88 ; at the Hague, 95 sq. ;
131; at the height of power, 257; in
Paris, 258; foreign policy and, 261 sq. ;
Parliament and, 263 sq. ; impeachment
of, 265; expedition of, to R6, 132, 266
sq. ; assassination of, 133 ; 641 ; Governor
of English Company for South America,
755
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of, v 95 ;
126 ; and the French alliance, 191 ; 198 ;
200 sq.; and the Treaty of Dover, 203
sqq. ; 207 sqq. ; 216 ; sent to the Tower,
218
and Chandos, Richard P. T. N. B. C.
Grenville, 2nd Duke of, x 614; xi 2 sq.
Buckinghamshire, John Hobart, 2nd Earl
of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, vi 495 sqq.
Buckinghamshire and Normanby, John
Sheffield, Duke of, vi 11
Buckle, Henry Thomas, xii 850
Buckner, SimonBolivar, Confederate general,
VII 462, 495
Bucquoy, Charles-Bonaventure de Longue-
val, Count de, Austrian general, at Linz,
IV 11; takes command of Ferdinand's
troops, 23 ; invades Bohemia, 25 ; routs
Mansfeld at Zablat, 27; summoned to
defend Austrian duchies, 31 ; 64 sqq. ;
in Hungary, 71 sq. ; death of, 75 ; 77
Buczacz, Treaty of (1672), v 353
Buda. See Budapest
Budaeus (Guillaume Bud6), French Hel-
lenist, I 576; n 16, 287, 351; in 737
Budapest, Diet at (1454), i 69; captured by
Solyman (1541), n 242; Turkish Pasha
in. III 118 sqq. ; sale of prisoners at, 123 ;
taken by Imperialists (1686), v 52, 366;
339; 345; Turkish army at, 346; 363;
bridge at, x 744 ; the revolutionary move-
ment at, XI 155 sq. ; 208; Austrian
occupation of, 210 sq. ; 421 sq.
Budberg, Baron (Russian Minister), ix 272;
291; Russian Chancellor, 305
Bud6, Guillaume. See Budaeus
Budenz, Jozsef, Hungarian scholar, xi
431
Budin, Austrian magazine at, vi 257
Budowee, Wenceslas von, m 727
Budweis, held for the Emperor, iv 21;
Austrians at, vi 234; 241
General Index,
269
Buell, Don Carloa, American general, vii
463, 493, 495 sq.; at Sbiloh, 497; 499
sqq. ; proceeds to E. Tennessee, 506 sq. ;
superseded by Bosecrans, 507; 583
Billow, Prince Bernhard von, Chancellor of
the German Empire, xn 166; 171; 173
Friedrich Wilhelm, Count von Den-
newitz, marches on Magdeburg, ix 514;
retires before Ney, 518; at Berlin, 520;
character of, 525; at Dennewitz, 529;
at Leipzig, 539; in the Netherlands,
644; 550; at Li^ge, 625; at Waterloo,
634 sqq.
Baron Heinrioh Wilhelm von, German
critic, IX 266
General von, vi 13
Buen Ayre, the Dutch in, v 687
Buena Vista, battle of (1847), vii 396
Buenos Ayres, growth of, vi 183 ; 186; 391 ;
443 ; failure of expedition of Popham to,
IX 235, 753 ; government of, x 248 sq. ;
trade of, 255, 275; 268; viceroyalty of,
274; the revolution in (1810), 278, 282,
285 sq. ; 280 ; captured by Beresford (1806),
281; and San Martin, 291 sq.; 298;
government of (1812), 300 sq. ; negotia-
tions of, with Spain, 306; and Great
Britain, 307, 309 ; and the United States,
308; XII 679; the dictator Bosas in, 680;
blockade of, 681; 683; 694
Biinzli, Gregory, at Basel, ii 307
Biiren, Ernst Johann. See Biren
Blirger, Gottfried August, vi 830; poetry
of, 832, vra 773, x387; 396; 710; 716;
XI 412 sqq. ; 423 sq.
Biirgi, Jobst, mathematician, v 709
Buffalo, attacked by the British (1814), vn
343 ; Anti-Slavery Convention at (1848),
399; railway from New York to, 694
Buffet, Louis- Joseph, French statesman,
XI 133; 491 sq.; President of the
Assembly, xii 107; 110; 115
Buford, Abraham, American colonel, vii
224
Bug river, Turkey and, vi 305; 307
Bugeaud de la Pioonnerie, Thomas-Bobert,
Duo d'Isly, Marshal of France, x 496;
503 sq.; xi 99 sq.
Bugenhagen, Jakob, Beformer and historian,
II 160, 162, 201, 231, 243, 250; and the
Beformation in Denmark, 611, 616
Bugey, ceded to France, m 419, 677
Bugge, Elseus Sophus, Norwegian philo-
loger, XI 701 ; xii 281
Bukowina, The, ceded to Austria (1775), vi
634; 648
Bulak Museum, Cairo, xii 431
Bulavin, Kondraty, leader of Cossack revolt,
V 597
Bulawayo, captured by British, xii 639
Bulfontein, discovery of diamonds at, xi
787
Bulgdkoff, Bussian Liberal, xii 333
Bulgaria, Tsar Nicholas I and, xi 312 ;
struggle for freedom in, 634 ; the Church
0. M. H.
in, 638 sq. ; xn 3; 6; 10; massacres in,
32; 33; and Bumelia, 43, 341, 406; 162;
304 sq. ; and Bussia, 342 ; independence
of, 378, 427 sq. ; 381 ; under Turkish rule,
383 ; massacres in, 384 ; 387 ; and the
Busso- Turkish War, 388 sq. ; and Treaty
of San Stefano, 391 sqq.; and Treaty
of Berlin, 395 sqq. ; Bussian administra-
tion of, 403 sq. ; under Prince Alexander,
404 sqq. ; at war with Servia, 407 ; abdi-
cation of Prince Alexander, 408 sq. ; 416 ;
421 ; and Macedonia, 424 sqq.
Bulgenbach. See Miiller, Hans
Bull Bun, battle of (1861), vii 465 sqq., 469,
(1862), 480
Bullarium Romanum, Cherubini's, in 445
Buller, Charles, and Badical party, x 676;
Secretary to Governor-General of Canada,
XI 765 sq.
Sir Eedvers Henry, General, in South
Africa, xn 642 sq.
Bullinger, Henry, Beformer, ii 234, 309;
continues Zwingli's work, 339 sq. ; at
Basel, 355, 696 sq.; importance of, in
England, 597; Decades, ib., 716
Bullock, Henry, pupil of Erasmus, i 580
J. D., Confederate foreign agent, vn
611
Bulwer, William Henry Lytton Earle (Sir
Henry Bulwer, afterwards Lord Dalling
and Bulwer), ambassador at Washington,
VII 434; at Madrid, xi 17; 654 sqq.;
dismissed from Madrid, 557
Bulwer-Lytton. See Lytton
Bulygin, Bussian Minister, xn 350 sq.
Bumm, English traveller at, xn 800
Bundela Bajputs, vi 517
Bundelkhand, disorder in, ix 731
Bundschuh, in the Black Forest districts,
etc., I 299; n 175
Bunge, Nicholas de, Bussian Minister of
Finance, xii 317 sqq.; retires, 320
Bungo, disturbances in, xi 864
Bunker Hill, battle of (1775), vi 447, vn
167 sq., 170
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Baron von,
X 360 ; 381 sq. ; xi 163 ; 166 sq.
Frederick William IV and, 191; 197
and the Schleswig-Holstein question, 227
249; 254; xn 820
Bobert Wilhelm, chemist, xn 783
Bunyan, John, v 136; 207; 335
Bunzelwitz, Frederick the Great at, vi 297
Bunzlau, Bussian army at,ix 516; battle at
(1813), 526
Buol, Grisons leader, sent to Linsbruck. rv
62
Buol-Schauenstein, Count Johann Budolf
von, president of the Federal Diet, x 344
sqq.; 348; 367; succeeded by Miinch-
Bellinghausen, 370
Count Karl Ferdinand von, Austrian
statesman, xi 232; 322; and Cavour, 372,
374 ; succeeds Schwarzenberg, 395 ; 402 ;
resignation of, 403
17
270
General Index,
BuonaccorBi, Biagro, riorentine historian,
1 200
Buonagrazia, Girolamo di Bartolommeo,
Lutheran, n 381
Buonarotti, Michel, President of the Club
of the Pantheon, vin 604 sq. ; x 485 ;
491
Michelangelo, i 143, 147, 382, 548,
659 ; statue of Pope Julius II of, 245, 249;
the Sistine chapel and, ii 6, 13 sq. ; 28,
34; reforming sympathies of, 395; in
394, 439, 442, 457-9, 466
Buonavita, Pietro, Italian Eeformer, ii 383
Buoncompagni, Cardinal. See Gregory XIII,
Pope
Giacomo, crown of Ireland accepted
by. III 597
Prince Ludovisi, rights of, in Elba,
IX 661
B orchard. Bishop of Oberberg. See Ober-
berg
Burchgrave, Daniel de, in 620
Burckhardt, Jakob, writings of, xi 261 ; xii
849
John, African traveller, xii 806
Burdett, Sir Francis, attack of, on Pitt, ix
681 ; a leader of Opposition, 687 sqq. ; x
674 ; 599 sq. ; and the dissolution of
Parliament (1831), 611; 613; and Catholic
Emancipation, 642
Buren, Maximilian d'Egmont, Count of
(general of Charles V), ii 45, 47, 78, 256,
422, 459; iii 190
Philip William, Count of, kidnapped
and conveyed to Spain (1568), in 218,
221
Burgau, Charles, Margrave of, husband of
Sibylla of Julich-Cleves, in 729
Burgdorf, school of Pestalozzi at, ix
427
Burgers, Thomas Francois, President of
the Transvaal, xi 788
Burgess, Anthony, Presbyterian leader, rv
359
Mark, and the Portuguese Index,
n 414
Burgevine, joins the ** Taiping '* rebels,
XI 821
Burgh, or Borough (of Gainsborough),
Thomas, 5th Lord, Lord Deputy of
Ireland (1597), in 606
• Walter Hussey, and the distress in
Ireland, vi 495; 497
WiUiam, radical writer, viii 755
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, i 522 sq.;
II 492, 495, 504 sq., 507, 517; becomes
Elizabeth's secretary, 559; 565, 568;
Maitland and, 573; negotiates Treaty of
Edinburgh, 577, 580; ni 265; policy of,
towards Mary Queen of Scots, 277 ; posi-
tion of, 280 ; and France, 283 ; character
and system of, 350 sqq., 491 ; vi 45
Burghstead, Joim, regicide, v 149
Burgo, Nicholas del, nuncio to Henry VIII,
II 435
Burgos, the Franco- Spanish marriages at,
IV 629 sq.; depopulation of, v 376; ad-
vance of Dupont to, IX 430 ; 436; army of
Estremadura at, 442 ; British at, 474-6 ;
Wellington at, 477
Filipino leader, xii 529
Burgoyne, John, General, in Portugal, vi
369 ; 426 ; vn 211, 214 sqq. ; surrender of
(1777), 216, 232
Burgsdorf, Conrad von, Brandenburg
statesman, v 642
Burgundian Circle, inclusion of the Nether-
lands in (1548), I 459, n 102
Burgundio, Johannes, of Pisa, 12th century
Greek scholar, i 588
Burgundy, ducliy of, annexed to France
(1482), I 392; n 62; renounced by
Francis I, 51 ; the Netherlands and, 102 ;
and Spain, in 508; created a separate
State, 630 ; the League in, 661 sqq. ; re-
covery of, 666-7, 669 ; Biron Governor of,
679-80; taxation of, iv 153; Intendants
retained in, 606 ; Conde Governor of, 608 ;
612 ; Tavannes in, 613 ; , Conde exchanges
Guienne for, 614 ; 615 ; Epernon Governor
of, 618; and the Treaty of the Pyrenees,
620; Estates of, v 4, 13; vni 39
Anthony, son of Philip the Bold of.
See Brabant, Duke of
Charles the Bold, Duke of, siege of
Neuss by, i 295, 390; death of, 295, 391,
410, 417; League of Pubho Weal and,
389; Louis XI and, 390, 422; schemes of,
390 ; the Swiss and, 390 sq. ; Liege and,
422; 424, 430, 432; n 36; and Li^ge,
V 488
John (*' sans peur "), Duke of, i 422;
n36
Louis, Duke of. See Louis, Duke of
Burguudy
Philip the Bold, Duke of, i 389,
418
Philip the Good, Duke of, i 77;
increase of territory by, 389, 418-42;
and Ghent and Ypres, 426-7 ; and the
Church, 430; centralised government of,
431; military reforms of, 432; art and
literature under, 432-3; ii 36
Philip the Fair, Duke of. See
PhiUp I, King of Castile
Margaret of, married to William VI
of Hainault, i 418
Margaret of, and Austria, daughter
of Maximilian I. See Savoy
Margaret of Maele, heiress of Artois
and Flanders, Duchess of, i 418
Margaret of York, Duchess of, i 442-
3; 460; 465; 467 sqq., 474
Mary, Duchess of, Louis XI and, i
437 sq., 440 sq. ; the Groote Privilegie
granted by, 438 sq. ; Ghent and, 441,
443; marries Maximilian I, 295, 391,
442; death of, 392, 444
Maria Adelaide of Savoy, Duchess
of, V 30 sq.
General Index.
271
Burke, Edmund, and the Act of Settle-
ment, V 275; 702; 705; vi 435; policy
of, 442; 444; and America, 447; 455 sq. ;
Paymaster of the Forces, 457 ; 458; 460;
resigns, 462; 464 sqq.; 476 sqq.; 581;
and the trial of Warren Hastings, 471,
582 sq., 584, 585; and Indian affairs,
567; 576; 813; 816 sq.; 821; writings
of, 836 sq.; vii 66, 105 sq., 108, and
colonial policy, 147, 149 sq., 159, 162 sq.,
172 sq., 724; viii 18, 134; Reflections on
the Revolution in France, 755 sqq. ; Let-
ters on a Regicide Peace, 762; 774; and
the Whig party, ix 673; and Warren
Hastings, 715; 716; xii 817; 819
Eichard, and the Penal Code, ix 694;
695
Eobert O'Hara, Australian explorer,
XI 798
Thomas Henry, murdered, xii 81
Tibbot, the Mac William, m 606-7
Burkersdorf, Frederick the Great at, vi 299 ;
fight at, XI 458
Burkes, The, hold Cathedral of Tuam, iii
593; of Castleconnell, 597; of Upper
Mayo, 604
Burkhardt, George, of Spelt, ii 111, 132,
193
Burlamacchi, Francesco, n 81 ; Gonfalonier
of Lucca, III 385
Fra Pacifico, biographer of Savona-
rola, I 168
Burlamaqui, J. J., Genevese publicist, ix
427
Burlet, J. de, Belgian statesman, xii 253
Burlingame, Anson, American Minister in
China, xi 822
Burma, xi 724; first war with, 727 sq.;
734; second war with, 742; 802; Great
Britain and, xn 4; 464; conquest of,
479; 501; 508; and Siam, 535; 793
Upper, annexation of, xii 43, 497;
famine in, 486
Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus, visits Khiva,
xn 801
Burnes, Sir Alexander, captain, and Dost
Mohammad, xi 732 ; 733 ; Asiatic travels
of, XII 800
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, v 136 ;
and Queen Mary, 167; 213; 235; 255;
258; 271; and Latitudinarianism, 752;
VI 6; 802; 816
William, Governor of Massachusetts,
VII 65
Burney, Captain, in Siam, xii 535
Burnouf, Eugene, Orientalist, xn 845
Burns, Robert, poet, vi 824 ; 829 sq. ;
832 sq. ; vm 771 ; x 701 sq.
Burnside, Ambrose Everett, commands the
Army of the Potomac, vii 483 ; defeated
at Fredericksburg, t6., 484; ftt Knoxville,
508, 510 sq., 513 ; 573 sq.
Burntisland, bombarded by the Dutch
(1667), V 188; captured by Jacobites, vi
99; 102
Burr, Aaron, American politician, vii 324
sq., 372
Colonel, defeats the Peshwa of Poona,
XI 726
Burrard, Sir Harry, sent to Spain, ix 440;
441
Burroughs, Jeremiah, Independent leader,
IV 359
Burschenschaft, x 363 sqq. ; 375
Burton, Henry, punishment of, iv 280
Sir Eichard Francis, xn 809
Lieutenant-Colonel, at Quebec, vii
139
Governor of Delaware, vii 453
Bury, John Bagnell, historian, xn 845
Busaco, Wellington at, ix 460; battle of
(1810), 463
Busbecq, Augier-Ghislain, ni 123; Im-
perial ambassador at Constantinople, vi
507
Busby, James, Resident at Bay of Islands,
XI 793
Busch, John, Eeformer, i 631, 639
Busche, Hermann von dem, of Deventer,
I 435
Bushe, and the Irish rebellion, ix 701 ; and
the Union, 703
Bushell, Captain, at Glasgow, vr 106 sq.
Busher, Leonard, and religious toleration,
V 326
Bushire, British force at, xi 745
Busleyden, Francis van. Provost of Li6ge,
I 454
Busolt, Georg, historian, xii 845
Bussa, explorers at, xii 807 sq.
Bussi, Corboli, Monsignor, xi 74
Bussy, Francois de, French envoy in Lon-
don, VI 343; 845
Bussy-Castelnau, Charles-Joseph Patissier,
Marquis de, vi 538; in the Deccan, 540
sq. ; 543 ; 545 sqq. ; 552 ; and the Naw&b
of Bengal, 558; in Cuddalore, 577
Bute, parliamentary election in, x 606
John Stuart, 8rd Earl of, vi 298;
846; and Spain, 368, 370; 407; and
George III, 417; 419 sq.; ministry of,
422 sqq.; 426 sqq.; resigns, 429; 430;
434; 487
Butera, Prince of. See Colonna, Fadrique
Butkoff, Vladimir, Eussian official, xi 615
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, American
general, vii 464, 516, 557; and "con-
traband," 581, 583, 600
Charles, secretary of the committee
for Catholic relief, x 625; 632
Sir Edmund, in 595
Sir Edward, in 595
James, Duke of Ormond. See Or-
mond
Joseph, Bishop of Durham, vi 77
sqq.; 88
Pierce, deputy from S. Carolina at
the Constitutional Convention (1787), vii
246, 286
Sir Piers. See Ossory, Earl of
17—2
272
General Index,
Butler, Samuel, satirist, v 126; 133; 136
Simon, cliairman of the United
Irishmen, x 628
Thomas, Earl of Ossory. See Ossory
Colonel Walter, at Eger, iv 242
William Orlando, American general
and politician, vii 399
Butlers, The, of Muuster, feuds of, iii
580 sq.
Butrinto, captured by All of Janina, x
176
Butt, Isaac, and Irish Home Rule, xii
72 sqq.
Buttmann, Philipp Karl, ix 827
Buttstadt, army at, vi 267; 268
Buturlin, Alexander, Russian field-marshal,
VI 297 ; 326 sq.
Buwinkhausen, ambassador of the Protes-
tant Union, and the United Provinces,
IV 33
Buxar, battle of, vi 561
Buxhowden, Count Frederick William von,
Russian general, ix 251; Kutusoff effects
junction with, 257; advances on Tell-
nitz, 260; 261; Russian army under,
283
Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, x 658 sq.
Buy, Pierre de Mornay, Seigneur de, iii 23
Buys, Paul, Dutch advocate, in 233, 619-
21, 624
Willem, Dutch diplomatist, v 422;
427 sq. ; 429
Buzot, Fran(?ois-N.-L., Girondin, viii 174,
249, 251, 257, 260; suicide of, 357
Byeliusky, Vissarion, Russian writer, xii
296
Byelostok, xn 340; pogrom at, 367
Bylandt, Dutch merchant, Frederick Henry
and, IV 699
Count van Willem Frederik, mili-
tary Governor of Brabant, x 534
Bylling, Edward, granted land on the
Delaware, vii 47
Byng, Sir George, Admiral. See Torring-
ton, Viscount
John, Admiral, loses Minorca, vi
403 sq., 342a (in Vol. xiii)
Byrd, William, American lawyer, vii 60
Byrne, Miles, and Emmet's rebellion, ix
706
Byron, George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron, vi
825; 830; 832; x 100; 126; supports tlje
Greek revolt, 182; influence of, in Ger-
many, 405; influence of, in Russia, 432;
680; and Southey, 709; the poetry of,
710 sqq.; and Shelley, 713 sq.; 715; 722;
influence of, upon continental literature,
725 sq.; xi 350; 354; influence of, on
Pushkin, 648
Sir John, 1st Baron, replaces Luns-
ford, IV 297; refuses to surrender the
Tower, 299; retreats to Worcester, 306;
joined by Irish troops, 318; defeated at
Nantwici), .321, 527
John, Vice- Admiral, vi 451 scj.
By town. See Ottawa
Byzantium, and the Greek Church, v 483
eq.; 615
Cabal Ministry, formed, v 198 ; 201 ; dis-
solved, 210, 214
Caballero de Rodas, Spanish general, xi
669
Cabanis, Pierre- Jean- Georges, nc 21; 24,
132
Cabarrus, Count Francis of, Spanish
statesman, vi 382 sq. ; vm 782
Cabet, Etienne, x 491 ; French politician,
XI 24 ; 105 ; and socialism, xn 758
Cabezas de San Juan, revolt at (1820),
X 216
Cabinda, slavery abolished at, xi 575
Cabot, John, Labrador and, i 20, 50 ; the
three sons of, and their explorations, 33,
36; discoveries of, vii 2
Sebastian, discoveries of, vn 2 ; and
the Muscovy Company, v 613
Cabral, Costa. See Thomar, Count of
Pedro Alvarez, Portuguese com-
mander in India, i 29 ; discovers Brazil,
35; IX 304
Cabrera, Ramdn, Carlist leader, x 237 sqq. ;
XII 258
Cabrinetti, Jos6, Spanish general, xn 260
Cacault, Francois, sent to Rome, ix 183;
recalled, 191
Cadalso, Jos6 de, Spanish poet, v 69
Cadan, Peace of (1534), n 221 sq.; 232
Cadaval, Nunho C. A. Pereira de Mello,
Duke of, defeated by Duke of Terceira,
X 334 sq.
Cade {Gotteshaiis), Swiss league, iv 36
Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, Governor of
Louisiana, vn 88, 93, 99
Cadiz, Drake burns shipping in harbour of
(1587), III 304, 604 ; English expedition
to (1596), 322-5, 521, 522, 529 ; French
naval victories near, iv 147; English ex-
pedition to (1625), 262, 267, 477 sq., 481,
483 sq., 642 ; commerce of Lisbon and,
650 ; English fleet at (1695), v 61, 262 ;
379 ; 411 sq. ; vi 60 ; expedition from
(1719), 105; 155; prosperity of, 166;
236 ; 351 ; American trade with, vn 327 ;
Cortes of, 366 ; army collected at (1819),
367 ; Admiral Man at, vin 460 ; British
blockade of (1797), 464 sq., 630; Rear-
Admiral Linois ordered to, ix 53 ; Admiral
Saumarez off, 54; blockade of (1804), 211,
215 ; Spanish treasure-ships captured off,
217-8; plague at, 218; Allied force at,
219; Villeneuve at, 223, 227; 225; Nelson
arrives off, 229 ; plan of attack at, ib. ;
flight of French and Spanish ships to,
233 ; capture of French ships by Spanish
insurgents at, 238 ; Dupont ordered to
(1808), 341, 436; besieged by Soult (1810),
456, 457, 463; 464; siege of, raised, 473;
arrest of deputies in, x 208; and the
revolutionary movement, 213 sqq.; 220;
General Index,
273
the Cortes at, 228 ; blockade of (1823),
ih., 308; proclamation of, revoked, 229;
and the Indian trade, 256 ; the Central
Junta at, 282; and Spanish America,
292, 305 ; rising of garrison at, xi 569 ;
riots at, 570
Cadiz, Duke of. See Francisco de Asis
Cadogan, WiUiam Cadogan, 1st Earl, v421;
422; 458 sq.; vil6; 23; 27; recalled, 39
Cadorna, Eaffaele, Italian general, xi 544
Cadoudal, Georges, Chouan leader, viii 379;
IX 2, 14 sqq., 29 sqq.
Cadsand, taken by the French, vi 247;
attacked by British (1809), ix 358
Caen, taken by Coligny (1563), in 5; Parle-
ment at, 663 ; strike suppressed at, x 491
Caesalpinus, Andreas, and the circulation
of the blood, v 725 sq.; 734 sqq.; 738
Caetani (Cajetani), Enrico, Cardinal, in
449, 453
Cazis, occupation of, iv 51 sq.
Caffa, captured by the Turks (1475), i 83
Caffarelli, Franpois-Marie-Auguste, French
general, supersedes Dorsenne, ix 472
du Falga, Louis-M.-J.-M., French
general, Ym 606; 610; killed at Acre,
613
Caffi, Italian review, x 124
Cagliari, victory of Venice at, i 258;
Charles Vs fleet in harbour of, in 111;
Spanish expedition to, vi 29; panic of
French troops at, viii 456
Cahera, Gallus, Bohemian Reformer, i 340
Cahier de Gerville, B. C, Minister of the
Interior to Louis XVI, viii 222
Cahors, massacre of Protestants at, ii 303 ;
seized by Navarre (1580), iii 33
Caianello, meeting of Victor Emmanuel
and Garibaldi at, xi 390
Caiazzo, Francesco de San Severino, Count
of, 1 116, 120, 124
Caillard, Antoine-Bernard, French envoy
at the Prussian Court, ix 36
Caillaud, John, Indian officer, defeats Shah
Alam, VI 559
Cailli^, Bene, African traveller, xii 807
Cairncross, Alexander, Archbishop of Glas-
gow, V 290
Cairns, Hugh M^Calmont Cau-ns, 1st Earl,
Lord Chancellor, xii 27 ; 30
Cairo, Napoleon at (1798), vra 603 sq.,
605 sq., (1799), 614; surrenders (1801),
617, IX 72 ; 385 ; British troops prisoners
at, X 647; xii 430; British troops at,
437 sq. ; Lord Cromer at, 439 ; Gordon
in, 441 sq.; Clifford Lloyd in, 444; 446;
448; Medical School at, 452; 454 sq.;
805 sq.
(Illinois) , importance of, vn 459 ;
Grant at, 463, 494 ; 471
Cairoli brothers, death of, xi 542
Caisse d^Escompte, founded by Turgot, viii
86, 694; 96; reorganised by Calonne,
97 ; Necker and, 695
Caistor, rising at, u 446
Cajet river, Portugal and, xii 660
Cajetan, Cardinal. See Vio, Thomas de
Jacopo, theologian, xi 718
Calabria, ravaged by Barbarossa, in 112;
peasant revolt in (1806), ix 267, 382, 404,
406; English troops in, 270; insurrec-
tion in (1830), X 120, 122 ; political per-
secution in, XI 379; earthquake in, xn
228; 236
Francis, Duke of. See Francis I,
King of the Two Sicilies
John, Duke of, 1 104, 107, 387, 396
Nicholas, Duke of, i 396
Calafat, bombarded, xii 388
Calagnani, Celio, of Ferrara, n 384
Calais, English Staple at (1494), i 452;
secret Treaty of, between Charles V and
Henry VIII (1520), n 417; French cap-
ture of (1558), 93, 648, 560 sq., 566, iii
184, 260, 478 ; English exiles at, ii 545 ;
Conference of (1521), 418; Elizabeth
claims, in 3, 6, 26, 263, 477; Armada
anchors off, 313, 477-8; capture of, by
Spain (1696), 523, 629, 628, 670; James U
at, V 262
Calas, Jean, French Protestant merchant,
VIII 66
Calatafimi, battle of, xi 388; 533
Calatrava, Jos6 Maria, Spanish statesman,
X 234 ; the ministry of, 238 sq.
Calcutta, settlement at, v 699; vi 531 sq.;
534 sq. ; 546 ; 551 ; siege of, 562 ; Clive
at, 655 ; 657 ; Courts of Appeal at, 568,
IX 711 ; Cornwallis at, 710 ; xi 730 ; Bur-
mese embassy at, 742; High Court of,
751; 816; xn 481; bubonic plague in,
487
Calder, Sir Eobert, admiral, engagement
of, off Finisterre, ix 225 sq.
Calderon, Felix del Key Calleja, Conde
de, Spanish general, x 216; Viceroy of
Mexico, 304
Maria, mother of Don Juan (II) of
Austria, iv 649
Rodrigo. See Siete Iglesias
de laBarca, Pedro, Spanish dramatist,
IV 662, X 407
Caldiero, French defeat at, viii 579; Mass^na
attacks Austrian army at (1805), ix 258
Caledon, Du Pr6 (Alexander), 2nd Earl of,
Governor of the Cape of Good Hope
(1807-11), IX 753
Calenberg (Hanover), claim of Tilly's heirs
upon, IV 408 ; ravages of war in, 418 ; vi
2 sq., 8
Calendar, The French Republican (1793),
vin 358
Calhoun, John Caldwell, American states-
man, vn 373 sq., 376, 380 sq., 388;
Secretary of State, 393, 397 sq.,. 401,
403; and "nullification," 409 sqq. ; 414;
death of, 418
Calicut, Da Gama at, i 25; commercial
importance of, 26, iv 743; Cabral and,
X 29
274
General Index.
California, vii 391; American conquest of,
395 sqq. ; slavery in, 399 ; discovery of
gold in, 400 sq., 416 sq,, 433, 696;
organisation of, 402, 416; admitted to
the Union (1850), 421; Democrats in,
631; population of, 708; missions in, x
271; the United States and, xii 685
Calixtus III (Alfonso Borgia), Pope, i 69
sqq., 77, 552, 674, 688; ii 29
Georg, Protestant theologian, reli-
gious reunion and, iv 424 ; v 648 ; 744
Callao, Potosi silver shipped to, x 255;
273 ; attacked by Cochrane, 292 ; royalists
in, 293, 295 ; bombarded, xi 567, xii 678
Calleja, Felix del Eey. See Calderon
Calliergi, Zacharias, Cretan Hellenist, i 566
Callistus, Andronicus, Greek professor at
Florence, i 543
Callot, Jacques, French etcher, xi 511
Calomarde, F. T., Spanish statesman,
Minister of Justice, x 232
Calonius, Finnish lawyer, x 434
Calonne, Charles-Alexandre de, French
Comptroller General, viii 60, 69, 72,
698 sqq.; administration of, 97-103;
dismissed, 104; prosecution and flight
of, 106; Requite au Eoi, 108; accused
of high treason, 221; ix 362
Calvert, Leonard, settles in Maryland, vii
31 sqq.
See Baltimore, Barons
Calvi, captured by the British, vin 458
Francesco (Minicio), of Pavia, ii 380
Pier Fortunato, execution of, xi 377
Calvin, Gerard, father of John, ii 349 sq.,
352
John, influence of, in Germany, n
216; Nicolas Cop and, 285; Christianae
religionis institntio, 287 sq., 356 sqq.,
363, 376; 294-8; Confession of Faith,
295, 393; compared with Zwingli, 340,
713 ; Consensus Tigurinus of Bullinger
and, 340 ; the Eeformed Church and,
Cliap. XI passim ; affinities of, with
Erasmus and Luther, 349; education of,
350-2 ; De dementia, 352 sq. ; at Basel,
355 ; letter of, to Francis I, 356 ; at
Ferrara, 358, 385 ; and Geneva, 358,
363-74; Letter to Cardinal Sadoleto
and other writings, 363; Ordonnances
Ecclesiastiques, 370 sqq. ; system of edu-
cation of, 372 sq. ; special services to
Protestantism of, 376; Italian refugees
and, 393 ; controversy of, with Serveto,
411; Queen Elizabeth and, 596; 690;
philosophical ideas of, 713, 715 sq. ;
Commentary on the Mass, iii 74; 422,
743 sqq. ; publishes Institution Chretienne
in French, rv 778; vi 254; 274; 798 j
803
Calvinism, in the Netherlands, ii 103 ; see
Chap. XI, Calvin and the Reformed
Church; and French Protestantism, 287
sqq., 293 sqq., 373 sq. ; at Ferrara and
elsewhere, 385 sqq.; in Scotland, 558
sqq. ; and Knox, 673 sqq. ; in Sweden,
629 ; as a system of thought, 715 sqq. ; in
Poland, III 74 sqq. ; excluded from the
benefits of the Religious Peace of Augs-
burg (1555), 141 sqq. ; in Transylvania
and Hungary proper, 147; in the Austrian
lands generally, and in the Empire etc.,
under Ferdinand I and Maximilian II,
see Chap, v passim; at Ghent, 250 sq.;
in Europe generally, 260; in England,
growth of, under Elizabeth, 340; under
James I, 552 sq. ; Dutch, different schools
and parties arising in and from, 646 sqq.;
Remonstrants and Contra-Eemonstrants,
647 sqq.; under Rudolf II, 703 sqq.;
political theory of, 747, 753 sqq.; and
Lutheranism, in the Empire generally, iv
3 sqq. ; 82, 110; recognised by the Treaty
of Westphalia, 410; in Sweden, under
Charles IX, 175 sq. ; in general, and
the Thirty Years' War and Peace of
Westphalia, see Vol. iv passim ; in later
Switzerland, xi 234
Calvo, Carlos, and the Monroe Doctrine,
XII 688
Cam, Diego, discovers the Congo, i 17
Camaldolese Congregation, reform of the,
II 647
Camara, Spanish admiral, vii 679
Camarao, South American leader, v 674
Camarilla, of the absolutist reaction in
Spain, X 208 sqq.
Cambac^r^s, Jean-Jacques-R^gis de, French
statesman, viii 378, 380 sq., 386; Director,
489; Minister of Justice, 672, 677, 681;
738 sq. ; IX 1 ; 5 sqq. , 19, 32, 103 ; Arch-
Chancellor of the Empire, 110; receives
Parma, 111; appointed Napoleon's deputy,
138; 145 sqq.; and the Codes, 172-3;
616
Cambi, Giovanni, Medicean partisan, i 175
Cambodia, France and, xii 132, 524; 797
Cambon, Joseph, and French finance, viii
73, 249, 257, 702, 704 ; on the Comite de
Salut Public, 269, 366, 382; arrested,
385
Jules, French ambassador at
Washington, vii 682
Paul, French ambassador in London,
XII 456
Canibray, League of (1508), i 131, 246,
266, 277, III 116; Maximilian I and,
I 319, 344, 456; attacked by France, ii
89; Charles V and, 102; Conference of
(1517), 39; Peace of (1529), 25, 59, 203;
432; siege of (1595), iii 628, 669; handed
over to Anjou, 706; siege of (1649), rv
612; French defeated at, 619; Congress
of (1724-5), VI 39, 57, 126, 138; arch-
bishopric of, 131; France and, v 36, 39;
taken by the French (1677), 44; 45; 422;
430; Louis XVIII at, ix 643, x 44, 48
Francois de Salignac de la Mothe
Fenelon, Archbishop of, writings of, v
28 sq.; 78 sq.j 88; 90; vni 8
General Index.
275
Cambray, Joseph de Bergaigne, previously
Bishop of Hertogenbosch, archbishop
of, at Miinster, iv 401
Cambridge, Erasmus at, i 546; and the
New Learniug, 580; state of University
of, II 468; destruction of libraries in,
503; Queen Mary proclaimed at, 517;
Royalist tendencies at, iv 304 ; Cromwell
at, 312 ; the army encamped near, 343 ;
Crashaw at, 771; Cowley at, 773; Car-
tesian philosophy at, 791; Milton at, v
116; 237 sq.; vi 802; Newton at, v 721;
Jacobinism at, viii 764 ; Byron at, x 711 ;
Tennyson at, xi 350; study of history
at, 363; abolition of religious tests in,
xii 27 ; 36 ; 762 ; historical study at, 820,
834
Platonists, v 327; 332; 749 sqq.
George (Electoral Prince), Duke ol
See George II, King of England
George William Frederick Charles,
2nd Duke of, xii 52; 441
Camden, Gates defeated at, vii 225 sq.
Charles Pratt, 1st Earl, vi 431;
435; 437 sqq.; 441; dismissed, 442; 450;
President of Council, 457; 462 sq. ; 467;
VII 147; viii 294
Sir John Jeffreys Pratt, 2nd Earl
and 1st Marquis of, and Catholic Eman-
cipation, IX 678 ; Viceroy of Ireland,
700
William, antiquary, xii 816
Camelinat, French socialist, xii 125
Camera delta Segnaturay Baffaelle's paint-
ings in, II 6 sq.
Cameral Tribunal. See Reichskammergericht
Camerarius (Joachim Kammermeister), i
574
Ludwig, Palatine councillor, at
Prague, iv 15; and the Palatine family,
70
Budolf Jacob, botanist, v 736
Camerino, reduced by papal forces, ii 75;
captured by Cesare Borgia (1582), i 194,
240 ; duchy of, incorporated in the
Italian kingdom, rx 400
Cameron, Archibald, Jacobite, vi 119
Charles Duncan, British Consul at
Massowah, xi 753
Sir Duncan Alexander, general, xi
800
Eichard, covenanter, v 286 sq. ; 290
Simon, vii 445; Secretary of War,
460, 684 sq. ; Minister to Russia, 472
Verney, travels of, in Africa, xii
810 sq.
of Lochiel, vi 105 ; 109 ; 111 sq.
Cameroons, xii 3 ; 41 ; 130 ; German occu-
pation of the, 160 ; 658 sqq.
Camin, see of, and the Great Elector, iy
407
Caminha, English force disembarked at,
X 336
Gamisards, rising of the, v 26
Camoens, Luis de. The Lusiad, ? 695
Camorray working of the, in S. Italy and
Sicily, xii 239
Camp Dick Robinson, brigade at, ni 462
sq.
Jackson, captured by Captain Lyon
(1861), VII 458
Campagna, Spanish occupation of the
(1556), II 91 ; brigandage in the, in 430
Campana, Francesco, in 388
Campanella, Tommaso, the Civitas Solis,
II 707
Campbell, Sir Archibald, of Inverneil (d.
1791), colonel, vii 218 sq.
Sir Archibald, general (d. 1843),
Governor of British Burma, xi 728
Colin. See Clyde, Lord
Colin, of Glendaruel, vi 105
Daniel, of Shawfield, vi 107
Sir George, Lieut.- Governor of Ben-
gal, XII 464
Sir James, of Auchinbreck, vi 109
John A., Confederate assistant
Secretary of War, vii 605
Thomas, poet, x 700
William, American colonel, vii 225
Admiral, ix 224
See also Argyll
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, Secretary
for War, xii 52 ; Prime Minister, 54 sq.
Campe, peace between France and England
at (1546), u 461
Joachim Heinrich, German writer,
Viii 772 sqq.
Campeachy, contraband trade at, vi 373
Bay, the English in, v 687 ; log-
wood cutting in, vi 149
Campeggio, Lorenzo, Cardinal, i 489; ii
16 ; at the Diet of Niirnberg, 171 sq.,
174 ; 210 ; at Ratisbon, 326 ; mission to
England of, 430 sqq.
Thomas. See Feltre, Bishop ol
Campell, Ulric, iv 36
Camperdown, battle of, viii 482 sq.
Camphausen, Ludolf, Prussian statesman,
XI 53 ; 159 sq. ; 191 ; 200
Otto von, Prussian Minister of
Finance, xn 150
Campillo, Don Joseph del. See Del Cam-
pillo
Campion, Edmund, Jesuit, iii 287, 350
Thomas, poet, iii 369
Campo Florido, Spanish ambassador in
Paris, VI 158; 166
Formio, Treaty of (1797), viii 498,
591 sqq., 633, ix 39 sq., 56, 63, 751 ;
Bonaparte at, 82
Santo, Spanish defeat at, vi 237;
241
Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez, Count of,
President of the Council of Castile, vi
382; VIII 782
Campos, Martinez, Spanish general, tu
675
Campredon, N. de, French ambassador in
Russia, Y 551 ; to Stockholm, tx 86
276
General Index,
Camus, Armand Gaston, and French pen-
sions (1790), VIII 72, 700; Jansenist,
196; 249
Lieutenant, French naval oflBcer, xi
850
Canada, France and, v 13, 442 ; 684 sq. ;
688 ; colonisation of, vi 183 ; 248 ; 342 ;
342a sqq. (in Vol. xiii) ; ceded to
England, 347; 349 sq.; 351; 410 sqq.;
the Peace of Paris and, 428; 461; ag-
gressive policy of, VII 42 ; projected
invasion of, 69 ; the French in. Chap.
Ill ; the conquest of. Chap, iv ; General
Hull invades (1812), 337 ; and the sealing
question, 666 ; migration from the States
into, 712 ; colonial empire in, ix 735 ;
740 sqq. ; (1763-1840), Vol. x, Chap, xxi
passim; the Catholic Church in, 625 ; the
export wheat trade of, 760 ; the Federa-
tion of. Vol. XI, Chap, xxvii (2); 17
the Clergy Keserves of, 310 ; 336 ; 343
British rule in, 755 sqq. ; xii 2 ; 21 ; 47
preference tariff in, 57 ; 603 ; 649 sq.
and naval defence, 649, 651 ; 654 ; and
arbitration, 721 sqq. ; exploration in, 814
Company, The, vi 533
Viscount. See Stirling, Earl of
Franijois Xavier de Laval -Mont-
morency, Bishop of, VII 84
Canadian Pacific Railway, xn 606 ; 609 ; 615
Canale, Nicold da, Venetian commander,
I 79
Canalejas, Jos6, Spanish journalist, vn 676
Canales, Marquez de, Spanish diplomatist,
V 390
Cananor, Rajah of, the Portuguese and, i 29
Canary Islands, the Guanches of, i 10 ;
Spain colonises, 40 ; Spanish fleet sent
to, III 531; exports from, v 677; Spanish
generals banished to, xi 569
Canby, Edward Richard Sprigg, vii 543
Canclaux, Comte Jean -Baptiste- Camilla,
French general, viii 382
Candale, Sire de, i 394
Candia, siege of, by Turks (1648-69), v 36,
342 sq., 348 sq. ; vi 675 ; British occupa-
tion of, XII 423
Candide, French journal, xi 486
Candolle, Alphonse-Louis-Pierre de, xi 260
Auguste de, xi 260
Candy. See Kandy
Canea, taken by the Turks, v 342 ; insur-
rection in, XII 419; occupied by the
Powers, 420, 423
Canevaro, Italian admiral, xn 423 sq.
Canga Argiielles, Jos^, x 218
Canisius, Egidius, Cardinal, i 660
(Peter Kanes), Jesuit, ii 250; in-
fluence of, at the Council of Trent, 682 ;
and the Index, 688 ; m 148 sq. ; 155 ;
160 sqq.
Cannes, landing of Napoleon at, ix 615
Canning, Charles John Canning, 1st Earl,
Governor-General of India, xi 329 eq. ;
724 ; 744 sq. ; 749 sqq.
Canning, George, statesman, vn 369; Foreign
Minister, ix 236 ; in Foreign Office, 289 ;
Napoleon's designs revealed to, 297 ;
policy of, 298; 300, 305, 309, 321, 340;
gets subsidy for the war of 1809, 358 ;
duel with Castlereagh, 359; urges Eng-
land to intervene in regard to Napoleon,
439 ; ode of, 681 ; and the Tory party,
686; 688; x 12; 33, 34; policy of,
36 sqq. , 584 sq. ; and the Greek revolt
and Eastern Question, 184 sqq.; 197 sq. ;
200; and the Spanish question, 226;
and Spanish America, 308 sq. ; and the
United States, 309 ; and Portuguese
affairs, 319, 321 ; and the European
System, 371 ; 573 ; and the Ministry
of 1816, 575; 580; Foreign Secretary
(1822), 583 ; 587; 589 sq. ; Prime Minister
(1827), 591 ; and the Corn Law, 591 sq.;
death of, 195, 592 ; and Tory principles,
600 sq. ; 602 ; 604 ; 618 ; and Catholic
emancipation, 634, 642, 645 ; and the
abolition of slavery, 658 ; and the Anti-
Jacobin, 700; policy of, on the India
Board, xi 724 ; 755 ; 762 ; xn 682 ; 688
Stratford. See Stratford de Red-
cliffe
Cano, Melchior, Spanish theologian, ii 408
sqq., 647, 659
Canosa, captured by the French (1602), i
125
Prince of, x 110
Canossa, Ludovico di, of Verona, ii 16
Canova, Antonio, sculptor, vi 117; x 151
Cauovas del Castillo, Antonio, Spanish
premier, vn 675; xi 560; xn 258; 262
sq.; 265; murdered, 266, 268; 842
Canrobert, Francois-Certain, Marshal of
France, in the Crimea, xi 318; 322; 582;
590 sqq.; at Gravelotte, 593 sq,; 595
Canso, Gut of, toll demanded in, vn 363,
658
Cantacuzenus, Emperor of the East. See
John V
Manuel (Ghin), leader of Albanians,
I 75
Cantemir, Demetrius, Hospodar of Mol-
davia, V 604
Canter, William, of Utrecht, Dutch
humanist, i 579
Canterbury, typical medieval library of
Christ Church in, i 589; Convocation
of (1559), resists the Reformation, n 566;
(1563), accepts the Thirty-Nine Articles,
587 sq.
Charles Manners - Sutton, 1st Vis-
count, Speaker of the House of Commons,
becomes Secretary of State, x 615
Archbishops of. See sub nom.
(New Zealand), xi 796; 799
Association, xi 796
Cantillon, Philip, The Nature of Commerce,
vin 21 sq. ; x 770
Napoleon's legacy to, for attempted
assassination of Wellington, ix 759
General Index,
277
Canton, xi 325; 724; 734; the English in,
803 sqq.; opium trade at, 806 sq.; British
attack on, 809; American trade with,
810; capture of, 812; 814 sq.; occupa-
tion of, 816; XII 526; Earl Macartney
at, 796; 797
Cantons, the Swiss Catholic, League of
1524, II 325
CantiJi, Cesare, x 106; 125; History of
Italy, XII 842
Canuel, Simon, Baron, French general, x 54
Canus, Melchior, theologian, xi 718
Canynges, William, English merchant, 1 605
Cap Fran9oi8, French fleet at, vi 452
Capaul, Josef von, shot, iv 54
Cape Anne, trading station at, vn 15
Branco, discovered by the Portu-
guese, I 13
Breton Island, France and, v 443 ;
settlement of, vi 133; 249; regained by
France, 331, 638 ; 428 ; vii 75, 91;
fortified, 95 ; history of, 112 sq. ; govern-
ment of, IX 746 ; and the Peace of Paris
(1763), X 685; 687
Coast Castle, xn 807
Cod, Pilgrim Fathers at, vn 13
Colony, founded by the Dutch, iv
713 ; development of, vi 188 sq.; captured
by the British (1806), ix 235, 240, 752
sqq.; retained by Great Britain, 654,
735 ; British occupation of, 749 sq. ; the
wool trade with, x 759; (1815-70), Vol.
XI, Chap. XXVII {2) passim \ 761; xii 161;
affairs in, 635 sqq.; and the Transvaal,
640 sqq.; 644 sq.; and the Union of
South Africa, 646; 648; 808
Finisterre, second Spanish Armada
scattered by tempest off (1596), iii 529,
606 ; battle of (1805), ix 225 sq.
Hatteras, the Monitor founders off
(1862), VII 563
Home, settlement at, vii 15
Capel, Arthur, Ist Baron Capel of Hadham,
at Colchester, iv 349, 351
Arthur, Earl of Essex. See Essex
Sir Henry, Baron Capel of Tewkes-
bury, V 321
Capella, Martianus (c. 420), Septem Artei
Liberales, i 633
Capellari, Mauro. See Gregory XVI
Cape of Good Hope, Diaz discovers,
I 17, 19 sq,; Da Gama and, 25, 285;
Dutch occupation of, v 693 sqq. ; vi 454 ;
question of British retention of (1797),
viii 498; restored to the Dutch (1802),
IX 75, 752; 283; recaptured (1806), 752;
retained (1814), 755, x 520; xi 667; 760.
See also Cape Colony
Passaro, naval battle off, vi 33, 104,
125, 157 ; 419
St Catherine, the Portuguese reach,
I 16
St Vincent, origin of name of, i 12 ;
battle of, viii 461 sqq., 498; Miguelist
fleet destroyed off (1833), x 333 sq.
Cape Town, and Cape Colony, vi 189;
captured (1795), viii 484 sq.; surrendered
(1806), XI 778; Union convention at,
XII 646; 647
Verde Islands, discovery of, i 15;
salt trade with, in 631
York, overland journey to, xi 795
Capisucchi, Giovanni Antonio, Auditor of
the Rota at Rome, ii 434
Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, Zwinglian, ii
160, 211; French reformers and, 283 sq.;
310, 328 ; at Basel, 355
Capo d'Istria, Pietro Paolo Vergerio, Bishop
of, II 233, 394-5, 588
Count John. See Capodistriaa
Capodimonte, palace at, vi 596
Capodistrias, John, Count, at the Congress
of Vienna, ix 686; 600-1, 609; and the
French frontier, 664; at the Conference
of Aix-la-Chapelle, x 14, 16; 21; 23; 25;
at the Conference of Troppau, 27 ; at the
Conference of Laibach, 29 ; 34 ; and the
Ionian Islands, 177; refuses leadership
of the Greek revolt, 178; and Ypsilanti,
179; decline of the influence of, 184;
188; elected Greek President, 200; and
the Greek settlement, 203; and the
Spanish secret mission, 212 sq. ; and
Metternich, 370; 420; assassination of,
204; XI 277
Cappella, Galeazzo, n 16
Cappello, Bianca, iii 396
Cappioni, Piero, and Charles VIII, i 113,
164 sq., 172
Capponi, Gino A. G. G., Marchese, x 108;
128; XI 65; 67; 90; 546; 648; xii
842
Caprara, Count Aeneas Sylvius, captures
Neuhausel, v 366; 369
Count Albert, mission of, to the
Porte, V 358 sq.
Jean-Baptiste de. Cardinal, Papal
Legate in France, ix 186-9; catechism
sanctioned by, 191; debts of, paid by
Napoleon, 194; 195; advice on the
German Concordat, 203
Caprera, Garibaldi at, xi 390, 633, 642, xn
216
Capres, "Malcontent" of southern Nether-
lands, III 251
Capri, retaken by Murat (1808), ix 382;
British fleet lands a garrison at, 404;
Corsican and Maltese garrison expelled
from, 406
Caprivi, Georg Leo, Count von, Chancellor
of the German Empire, xii 166
♦♦Caps," Swedish party of the. Vol. vi.
Chap. XXII, The Hats and Caps...
Capua, held by the Austrians, vi 153;
reduced (1799), vra 658; fight at, xi
390
Nicholas von Schomberg, Cardinal,
Archbishop of, ii 23, 423, 642 sq.
Pietrantonio di. See Otranto, Arch-
bishop of
278
General Index,
Capuchins, introduced into Switzerland,
II 341; origin of, 647; iv 4
Carabobo, battle of (1821), x 294
Caracas, Dutch trade with, v 688; the
cabildo of, x 246 sq.; attached to Mexico,
248; and the succession to the Spanish
throne, 283 ; 285 ; revolution of, 288 sq. ;
Bolivar in (1821), 294, (1827), 296; 297
sq.
Caraccioli, Gaieazzo, Italian Reformer, n
390
Marino, papal nuncio at Worms
(1521), n 139
Caracciolo, Antonio, chronicler, ii 389 sq.,
396
Prince Francesco, Neapolitan ad-
miral, vni 632, 658, 779
Caracena, Count, Spanish commander,
attacks Villa Viposa, iv 662 sq. ; v 34
Carafa, Ettore, Count of Ruvo, vin 779
Caraffa, Antonio, Cardinal, iii 448
Antonio, Austrian field-marshal, v
367
Carlo, Bishop of Aversa. See Aversa
Carlo, -Cardinal (nephew of Paul IV),
n 91 sq.
Giovanni Pietro. See Paul IV, Pope
Caramania, conquest of, by Turks, i 81 sqq.
Carberry Hill, Prince Charles at, vi 113
Carbery, Eichard Vaughan, 2nd Earl of,
V 748
Carbisdale, Montrose defeated at, iv 509
Carbon, Jean, Chouan, ix 17; 18
Carbonari, meeting of, at Bologna, x 21 ;
III sqq. ; in Piedmont, 114 ; 123 ; con-
demned by the Papacy, 135 ; 138 ; Pius VII
and, 150; persecution of, by Cardinal
Rivarola, 152 ; and American revolution-
aries, 213; in Spain, 221; excommuni-
cated, 452; Pius IX and, xi 72, 74, 77
Carcassonne, revolt of, in 668
Carces, Comte de, in 416
Cardadeu, Reding defeated at (1808), ix 448
Cardan, Jerome, physician, v 716
Cardenas, Ifiigo de, Spanish ambassador,
Mary de' Medici and, rv 625
Cardew, Sir Frederick, Colonel, xii 811
Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, 7th
Earl of, at Balaklava, xi 319
Cardona, Ramon de, Spanish viceroy of
Naples, I 137 sqq., 198, 249
Duke of. Viceroy of Catalonia, iv
648
Cardoso, Governor of Villa-de-Conde, x
328 sq.
Carducci, Giosue, Italian writer, x 115; xi
549
Cardwell, Edward Cardwell, Viscount,
Secretary for War, xii 23; and army
reform, 25 sq. ; 29
Carelia, ceded to Sweden, v 503; claimed
by Russia, 614; Gustavus III and, vi
778 ; Sweden demands the restoration of,
vm 325
Carentan, surrender of (1574), in 24
Carew, Sir George, in 532, 608
John, arrest of, iv 447
Sir Nicholas, execution of, ii 449
Sir Peter, heads rebellion against
Mary, ii 626 sq.
Thomas, poet, v 745
Carey, Arthur Douglas, in Tibet, xii 802
Henry Charles, American political
economist, vii 699
Sir Robert. See Monmouth, Earl
of
Cargill, Donald, covenanter, v 286 sq.
Caribbean Islands, grant of (1627), vii 74
Sea, Spanish possessions in, v 680 ;
688; 691; vi 59; 62; European Powers
in, 185 ; xn 652 ; 655 ; the United States
and, 684 sqq.
Caribs, The, aborigines of West Indies, i 38,
41
Carignano, Eugenio, Prince of (1859), xi
386; 536
See Savoy- Carignan
Carillo d'Acuna, Dom Alfonso, Archbishop
of Toledo. See Toledo
Carillon. See Ticonderoga
Carinthia, transferred to Archduke Fer-
dinand, II 150 ; Protestantism in, in 702 ;
Estates of, 728; Austria and, vi 204;
abandoned by Austria to Italy (1809), ix
355 ; French province of, 418 ; recovered
by Austria (1815), 660; and German
unity, XI 173
Carisbrooke Castle, Charles I at, rvr 346 sq.,
350, 359
Cariteo, Neapolitan poet, in 458
Carleill, Christopher, in 301
Carlens, Jean-Pascal-Raymond, commands
the Army of the Rhine, viii 426
Carleton, Sir Dudley, 1st Baron Carleton
and Viscount Dorchester. See Dor-
chester
Sir Guy. See Dorchester
Carlier, Pierre, French Prefect of Police, xi
134
Carlingford, Chichester Samuel Parkinson-
Fortescue, 1st Baron, xi 343
Theobald Taaffe, 1st Earl of (Viscount
Taafie), defeated at Mallow, iv 345; at
Knockninoss, 531; v 109
Carlisle, siege of, iv 331 ; Irish garrison for,
520; Prince Charles at, vi 114 sq.; 117
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of (3rd
cr., 1661), and motion on royal marriages,
V 213
Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, vi
450 ; Viceroy of Ireland, 456, 499 ; 464 ;
467
George Howard, 6th Earl of (Lord
Morpeth), English ambassador (1806), ix
282
George William Frederick Howard,
7th Earl of, x 677
James Hay, 1st Earl of (2nd cr.),
starts on a mission of peace, rv 24;
meets Ferdinand at Salzburg, 27 ; yii 74
General Index,
279
Carlists, party of the, rise of, in Spain, x
231 ; the Carlist War (1834-40), 235 sqq. ;
from 1871, xii 257 sqq.
Carlo Alberto, King of Sardinia. See Charles
Albert
Carlos, King of Portugal, xii 271 sq.
Don, son of Philip II, iii 168-9, 175,
268-9, 480, 484, 488-90, 685
Don, son of Philip in, iv 14 ; 69
Don, son of Philip V. See Charles
III, King of Spain
Don (Carlos Maria Isidro de Borboro),
X 230 ; and the rise of the Carlist party,
231; and the succession to the throne,
232 sq.; and the Powers, 235; 237 sq.;
negotiations of, with Cristina, 239; re-
tires to France, 240 ; abdication of (1845),
243, XI 553; Thiers and, x 496
"VI," pretender to the throne of
Spain. See Montemolin, Count of
Don, Spanish pretender, xii 258;
260; 262 sq.
Carlota, Dona (Louisa Carlota, of Sicily,
Duchess of Cadiz), and the marriage of
Queen Isabel, xi 553
of Naples, consort of the Infante
Don Francisco de Paula, and the Spanish
succession, x 231 sqq.
Joaquina of Spain (Princess of Brazil),
Queen consort of John VI of Portugal,
VI 381 ; X 283 ; 285 ; 310 ; character of,
313; 316 sq.; 322; death of, 324
Carlowitz, Treaty of (1699), v 33, 61, 364,
371, 388; xi 179; rising at, 180
Christopher, foments dissension in
Saxony, ii 252
General Georg Karl von, at Moscow,
V 587
Carlsbad, Peter the Great at, v 607 ; meeting
of Ministers at (1819), x 366; Metternich
and Nesselrode at (1830), 481; Decrees
(1819), 22, 23, 356, 367, 370
Carlson, Frederik Ferdinand, Swedish
statesman, xi 690
Carlsruhe, Ney crosses the Rhine near, ix
253; Diet at, xi 145; 147; 221
Carlstadt (Andrew Bodenstein of), German
Reformer, ii 117, 138, 165 sqq., 177, 190;
in Zurich, 323 ; visits Denmark, 606 ; in
739
Carlyle, Thomas, and Scott, x 719 ; xi 342 ;
the writings of, 347 sq. ; 349 sqq. ; 355 ;
357 ; 359 ; 361 ; Frederick the Great, 362 ;
Froude's Life of, 364; historical works
of, XII 838 sq.
Carmagnola, Savoyard plots in (1580), m
408, (1588), 414
(Francesco Bussone), Italian general,
I 279 sq.
Carmarthen, Marquis of. See Leeds, 5th
Duke of
Carmel, Gaspard, French Reformer, ii 295
Carmelites, The Bare-footed, v 73
Carmen Sylva. See Elizabeth, Queen of
Roumania
Carmer, Count Johann H. C, Prussian
High Chancellor, vi 728
Carmine, Italian statesman, xn 227
Carnarvon, Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of
(3rd cr.), ix 78
Henry H. M. Herbert, 4th Earl of,
XI 340 sq. ; 771 ; Colonial Secretary, xn
30; 33; and Parnell, 42, 83; 43; 84;
resigns, 390 ; and Cape Colony, 636 ; 646
Carnatic, The, Clive and Warren Hastings,
Vol. VI, Chap. XV (2) passivi ; 465 ; affairs
in, IX 721-2; Naw4bs of, see Arcot,
Nawabs of
Came, Edward, English ambassador in
Rome, II 436 sq., 564
Carn^, Comte Louis Marcein de, x 500
Carnesecchi, Pietro, Italian Reformer, ii
390, 396 sq.; ra 390, 459-60, 466
Carniola, transferred to Archduke Ferdinand,
11 150; Protestantism in, ni 702; Estates
of, 728; Austria and, vi 204; French
province of, ix 418; recovered by Austria
(1815), 660; and German unity, xi 173
Carnot, Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite, viii 233,
249; on Comiti de Salut Public, 844, 348,
368, 380, 385, 389; and the army, 426,
431, 434 sq.; Director, 490 sqq., 495,
498 sq. ; and Coup d'etat of 18 Fructidor,
508 sqq., 591; pamphlet of (1798), 641;
IX 19; 24, 31, 96, 133; and the Restora-
tion, 565; 572, 616, 643
Lazare-Hippolyte, xi 26; 39; Min-
ister of Public Instruction, 104; retires,
114; 116; and national education, 120;
124 ; 131 ; and Coup d'etat of December,
136; 304; 477; 489
Marie-FranQois-Sadi, President of
French Republic, xii 98; 112; and the
Papacy, 119; assassinated, 126
Nicolas-Leonard- Sadi, and the theory
of heat, XII 784
Carnwarth, Robert Daly ell, 6th Earl of, vi
101; 103
Caro, Annibale, ni 471
Ventura, Spanish general, vin 439
Caroli, Peter, Calvin and, ii 368
Carolina. See also Carolinas, The
North, Amidas and Barlow land in,
vii 3; settlement in (1585-6), ih,-, 63;
trade of, 56 ; 162; condition of, 164; the war
in (1776), 173; constitution of, 241 sq.;
and custom dues, 243 ; and the Constitu-
tional Convention, 245 sq., 278, 281,
283; refuses to ratify the Constitution,
303 ; encouragement of manufactures in,
and the Tariff, 377; slavery in,
581; white population in (1860),
and secession, 453, 603 ; Sherman's
march through, 528, 534; emancipation
in, 595 ; opposition to Confederate policy
in, 608 sq. ; becomes Democratic, 642
South, negroes in, vii 55; trade of,
56; the war in (1776), 173; invasion of
(1778), 219; constitution of, 237, 241;
and Constitutional Convention, 246, 268,
354
415;
280
General Index,
263, 265, 268, 272, 277, 281 sq., 292;
and the Tariff, 377 sq., 380; "nullifica-
tion" in, 381, 409, 412, 414; white
population of (1860), 415; secedes from
Union (1860), 441, 445; 447; joins Con-
federacy, 453, 603 ; Sherman's march
through, 528 sq., 584; slavery in, 588;
emancipation in, 695 ; corruption in,
641; Republicans in, 642
Carolinas, The, v 101 ; foundation of, 685 ;
VI 51, 187; trade of, 447; vii 34-8;
population of, 65; religious conditions
in, 58, 114; disaffection in, 169; loyalist
fugitives from, 219; war in (1780-1),
223-9 ; and Constitutional Convention,
252, 279 ; cessions in, 308 ; in the
Civil War, 471 ; blockade -running in,
620
Caroline affair. The, vii 390 sq.
Caroline, Augusta (of Bavaria), Empress of
Austria, x 146
Matilda, Queen of Denmark, consort
of Christian YII, vi 743 ; and Struensee,
745; 746; 748 sqq. ; death of, 752 sq.;
VIII 279
Queen of Great Britain, consort of
George n, vi 19; 42; 47; 77
Queen of Great Britain, consort of
George IV, marriage of, ix 675; 687,
690; X 583
(Archduchess), Queen of Naples and
Sicily, consort of Ferdinand I, viii 79,
555 sq., 644, 649; 659; 778 sq. ; ix 247;
381 ; makes one more bid for power,
384; flight of, 404; death of, 604; treat-
ment of, IX 648; X 110
Princess of Palermo. See Aumale,
Duchesse de
Islands, purchased by Germany, xii
171; Spain and, 264; 666 sq.
Carolinum at Zurich, Zwingli Rector of
the, II 321
Caron, Augustin-Joseph, French colonel,
X 76
Franpois, Dutch trade with Japan
and, IV 712; v 703
Noel de. Seigneur de Schoneval, in
258
Carpaccio, Vittore, Venetian artist, i 284
Carpentaria, exploration of, xi 798
Carpenter, George Carpenter, Lord, Lieu-
tenant-general, VI 101
Carpentier, Pieter, Dutch Governor- General
of the Indies, iv 711, 739
Carpentras, siege of, by Avignon, viii 217
Cardinal-Bishop of. See Sadoleto,
Jacopo
"Carpet-baggers," vii 640 sqq., 644 sq.,
652
Carpi, French defeated at (1701), v 402
Prince of. See Pio di Carpi
Girolamo da, v 724
Carpio, Duke of. See Haro, Don Luis de
Carr, Robert. See Somerset, Earl of
Robert, English officer, vii 41
Carra, Jean-Louis, French politician, viii
232 sq.
Carraca, arsenal of, seized by revolution-
aries (1820), X 216
Carranza, Bartolom6 de, Archbishop of
Toledo. See Toledo
Carrara, marble quarries near, iii 392
(Carraresi), the family of, recover
Padua, I 265
Francesco da. Lord of Padua, war
between Venice and (1378), i 258, 265;
Petrarch and, iii 463
Jacopo da, of Padua, i 262
Marsilio da, of Padua, i 262 sq.
Carrel, Nicolas-Armand, journalist, and
Napoleon, ix 758; x 491 sq. ; 499; xi
26; 526
Carrer, Luigi, Italian poet, xi 545
Carretto, Francesco Saverio, Marquis del,
Neapolitan Minister, xi 69
Guglielmo, Marquis del, suppresses
revolt at Cilento, x 119
Carrickfergus, and the rebellion in Ulster,
IV 522; Munro at, 524; surprised by
•'Old Scots," 532; taken by Schomberg
(1689), V 312; 313; French landing at,
VI 489
Carrickmacross, Lawless at (1828), x 647
Carrick-on-Suir, William III at, v 315
Carrick's Ford, Federal success at (1861),
VII 457
Carrier, Jean-Baptiste, member of the
National Convention, viii 249, 356;
impeached and executed, 377
Carriglea, battle of (1588), iii 589, 602-3
Carrion River, Soult on the, ix 445
Cars, Duo des, French legitimist, x 486
Carstares, William, and the establishment
of Presbyterianism in Scotland, v 293
Cartagena, Alva sails from (1567), in 213;
Drake before, 321 ; trade of, v 684 ; sack
of (1697), 691; blockade of, ix 211; Al-
lied force at, 219; Villeneuve at, 220;
Duke of Aosta lands at, xi 572 ; canton-
alism at, xii 261 sq.
de las Indias (Colombia), defence
of (1741), VI 165, X 273; emigration to,
251; the Inquisition in, 253 sq. ; and
trade, 255; and the slave-trade, 260;
buccaneers at, 272; revolution in, 285;
288; Bolivar raises troops in, 289; be-
sieged, 290; Bolivar retires to, 296
Cartaojal, Spanish general, commands
army in La Mancha, ix 448 ; 449 ; covers
eastern passes, 450
Cartaxo, Saldanha at, x 336
Carteaux, Jean-Fran9ois, French general,
vni 348, 352
Carteret, Sir George, v 113; Lord Pro*
prietor in New Jersey, vii 41
Sir George (grandson of above). Lord
Proprietor in New Jersey, vii 47
Philip, Governor of New Jersey, vii
41, 46 sq.
Lord. See Granville, Earl
General Index,
281
Cartesianism, %ee Vol. rv, Chap, xxvii,
Descartes and Cartesianism; v 72 sq.
Cartets, Vicomte de, and Labadie, v 756
Carthage, Charles V lands at, ii 69
Carthusians, execution of, under Henry VIII,
II 442
Cartier, George Etienne, Canadian states-
man, XI 769; 770; 775
Jacques, French explorer, 1 44 ; vii 71
John, in India, vi 558; 566
Cartwright, Thomas, Bishop of Chester,
V 234
Thomas, Puritan controversialist, ii
694; III 340, 743, 752 sqq.; v 326
Edmund, inventor, ix 372
Major John, political reformer, vin
755, 760; ix 688; x 576 sq.; 597
Thomas, Secretary of the British
Legation at the Hague, x 536 sq.
Commander at Fort Orange (Albany),
vii 39
Carvajal, Juan de, papal legate in Hun-
gary, I 69
Spanish general, x 222
y Lancaster, Don Jos6 de, Spanish
statesman, vi 361 sqq.; death of, 364
Carvalho, Jos6 da Silva, Portuguese states-
man, X 326; 330
e Mello, Sebastian Joseph. See
Pombal, Marquis of
Carver, William, Governor of New Ply-
mouth, VII 14
Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland. See
Falkland
Thomas, Governor of Carolina, vii 37
Casa Blanca, xii 12; massacre at, 133
Giovanni della, Archbishop of Bene-
vento. See Benevento
Casal, J. Chrysostom de Villaret, Bishop
of, IX 129
Casale, rising of, iii 407; Imperialist forces
before, iv 115; siege of, 134 sqq.; French
garrison in, 148 ; negotiations of Mazarin
before, 592; Harcourt and, 599; assigned
to Mantua, 618; attack on, by Spain, 643,
673 ; death of Spinola at, 644 ; seized by
the French (1681), v 48, 357; Agricultural
Congress at, xi 78; 371
Casali, Battista, at the Eoman Academy,
II 16
Casati, Spanish ambassador, opposes
Henry IV, rv 41; offers treaty to the
Grisons, 45 sq.; 48; Swiss Catholics
and, 51
Gabrio, Count de, Italian states-
man, XI 90
Teresa, x 118
Casaubon, Isaao, Calvinist theologian, n
718; III 60
Casaux, the Seigneur de, and Marseilles
(1596), m 397
Cascaes Bay, Drake in, in 318
Caselli, Charles-Fran<?ois, Servite, sent to
France, ix 181 ; urges Pius VII to yield
to Napoleon, 193
Caserta, palace at, vi 696
Gian Francesco di, Italian reformer,
II 391
Cashel, Synod of, ra 680; Inchiquin at,
IV 531; Reconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Casimir III, King of Poland, West Prussia
acquired bv, ii 635; v 632
IV, King of Poland, i 345
John. See John II, King of Poland
Casimir-P^rier, Jean-Paul-Pierre, President
of the French Republic, xii 105; 107; and
the establishment of the Republic, 110;
112; 119; 126
Casket Letters, iii 278-9
Caspian Sea, Russia and, v 520 sq., 544 sq. ;
Russian advances on, xi 273, 633, xii
491; 793
Cass, Lewis, American statesman, vii 398
sq., 400, 419; resigns Secretaryship of
State (1860), 447
Cassala, xii 240; 447; relinquished by
Italy, 448
Cassander, George, in 164, 172
Cassano, Prince Eugene repulsed at, v 414
Cassard, Jacques, in the West Indies, v
679
Cassegrain, N., v 721
Cassel (Montcassel), William of Orange
defeated at (1677), v 44; 45
(Hesse), Charles XII at, v 610; 743;
surrender of, vi 426; Mortier ordered to
march on, ix 278; capital of the kingdom
of Westphalia, 411 ; xi 223 ; Prussian
troops in, 229 sqq.
Sir Ernest, and Egyptian hospitals,
XII 453
Cassian, John, writer on monachism, i
534
Cassillis, Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of, ii
456, 458
Cassini, Count, Russian Minister at Peking,
XII 512
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, the De Arti-
bus et Disciplinis Liberalium Artium of,
I 534
Castagnetto, Count, Secretary to King
Charles Albert, xi 78
Castalbajac, French Royalist politician, x
74
Castaldo, Giambattista, Austrian envoy of
Charles V, contrives the murder of Mar-
tinuzzi, II 268, iii 122
Castaneda, Spanish envoy at Vienna, iv
238
Castafios, Francis Xavier de, aftenoards
Duke of Baylen, Spanish general, com-
mands the Spanish army of Andalusia,
IX 437; Dupont's convention with, 438;
442; army of, remains intact, 443; in
La Mancha, 448; aids Beresford, 466;
X 211
Castel Delfino, ceded to Dauphin^, in 419
Castelar y Ripoll, Emilio, Spanisli states-
man, XI 667; 670; xii 261 sq.; 264 sq.
282
General Index.
VIII 778
VIII 574
Castelar, Baltasar Patino, Marquis of,
Spanish diplomatist, vi 142; 149; 166
Spanish general, vi 362
Castelfidardo, Papal army defeated at, xi
389, 469
Castellesi, Cardinal (Adriano di Corneto),
I 241, 489; ii 5, 15
Castellio, Sebastian, ii 364, 372, 375 ; here-
tical views of, 716
Castel-Melhor, Louis Souza Vasconcellos,
Count of, Portuguese statesman, v 34
Castelnau, Jacques de la Mothe, Baron de,
II 297
Michel de, Memoires, in 65; envoy
to Scotland, 269-70
Castelnaudary, Gaston's army defeated at,
IV 140
Castel-Bodrigo, Francisco de Moura Corte-
real, Marquis de, Governor of the Spanish
Netherlands (1664-8), v 152 sq.
Castelvetro, Giammaria, Modenese Re-
former, II 387
Ludovico, of Modena, ii 386 sq. ; m
457, 465
Casti, Gianbattista, Italian poet,
Castiglione, battle of (1796),
sqq.
Baldassare, II Cortegiano, i 560 ; ii
8, 20 ; III 457, 462-4, 466
Castiglioni, Francesco Xaverio. See Pius
VIII, Pope
Castile, united with Aragon, i 111, 347 ;
institutions of, 348-9; Holy Brother-
hood in, 352 sq. ; war of succession in,
352 ; the Council of, 355 ; Navarre in-
corporated with, 367; revolt of Comuneros
in, 357, 372 sq.; Cortes of, meet (1586),
III 508; vote subsidy for Irish expedition,
682 ; kingdom of, royal autocracy in,
478 ; traditional policy of, 479 ; govern-
ment of, 485; condition of, 488, 513;
Moors in, 494 ; taxation of, 496-7 ;
burdened by imperial poUcy of its kings,
604, 512; desolation of, 523, 528, 537;
taxed for new Holy League, 541 ; Philip
III and the Council of, iv 634 ; Philip IV
and the Council of, 640 ; flight of Philip
IV and Ohvares to, 643 ; Portugal to be
a province of, 651 ; 655 ; industries in,
656 ; Cortes of, ib. ; Council of, and the
succession, v 392 ; 428 ; Council of, vi
137; 142; economic reform in, 383
(New), IX 429 ; territory held by
French troops in, 435 ; operations re-
sumed in, 455 ; Hill ordered to abandon
(1812), 475; 479
(Old), Blake's army descends into,
IX 438 ; Baird directed to join Moore in,
443 ; Mortier's corps in, 453 ; occupied
by Imperial Guard, 458 ; disorder in, xi
562; 567
Admiral (Adelantado) of. See Mel-
gar, Count of, and Padilla, Martin de
Constable of (1520). See Frias, 2nd
Duke of
Castilla, Eamdn, Peruvian statesman, xii
673
Castillejos, battle of, xi 564
Castillia, Gaetano, x 119
CastiUo, Hernando del. See Del Castillo
Castle, informer, x 578 sq.
Island, fortified, vn 17
Castlehaven, Spanish ships in, in 327,
532-3
James Touchet, 3rd Earl of,
Vavasour defeated by, iv 526; Ireton
and, 535
Castlemaine, Barbara, Countess of, y
111
Roger Palmer, Earl of, v 235
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount, after-
wards 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, vin
771 ; fights a duel with Canning, ix 359 ;
dealings of, with Sicily, 384 ; advises inter-
vention against Napoleon, 439 ; proposes
Wellesley as commander of expedition to
Spain, 440; Wellesley 's appointment due
to, 449 ; at Conference of Chatillon, 546 ;
signs Treaty of Chaumont, 577 ; at Con-
gress of Vienna, 579 sq. ; 648, 653, 667 ;
and the French frontier, 664 ; and Ca-
tholic Emancipation, 678 ; 681 ; and the
Walcheren expedition, 688 sq.; succeeds
Wellesley in office, 690 ; and the Union
with Ireland, 702; 705; criticism of
Treaty of Bassein, 725 ; 729, 733 ; and
the French colonies, 735 ; x 7 ; 9 ; and
the Holy Alliance, 10 ; and Treaty of
Paris (1815), 11; and the "European
System," 12 ; 13 ; at Conference of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 14 sqq. ; 21 ; protests
against Carlsbad Decrees, 22; 23; 25;
and Conference of Troppau, 27-9 ; dis-
cusses Eastern Question with Metter-
nich, 32, 184; 36; and Consalvi, 141;
176 sq. ; 186; and the Greek revolt,
187; and Vienna Congress (1819), 368;
371 ; and the Polish question, 445 sq. ;
and the union of Holland and Belgium,
519 sq.; leader in the Commons, 574 sq.;
and repressive measures, 578 sq.; 580;
684 ; election of, for county Down, 607 ;
and the movement for Catholic reHef, 629,
634 ; death of, 33, 583 ; xii 682
Castries, Charles-E.-G. de La Croix, Marquis
de, French marshal, Miaister of Marine,
VIII 94, 96, 107
Castriotes, George. See Scanderbeg
Castro, the Barberini and, rv 685 ; restored
to Parma, 687
Vireyna, silver mines at, v 682
Alfonso de, the De Uaeresihus, ii
402
Alphonso de, Viceroy of the Indies,
m 638
Don Pedro de, vi 105
Count of, Spanish ambassador in
Venice, iv 671
Catalans, Philip V and the, v 445 sq.;
452
General Index.
283
Catalonia, constitution of, i 351 ; Cortes of,
III 485, 496; exposed to Barbarossa's
attacks, 110; revolt of (1640), iv 147 sqq.,
618 sqq.; insurgents of, represented at
Miinster, 402 ; France and, 593, 598 sqq.;
612, 615 ; Peace of the Pyrenees and, 620,
660 ; Cortes of, 628, 643 ; Castilian troops
in, 647 ; government of, 653 ; 656 ; 658 ;
expense of war against, 659 ; pacification
of, 661; the French in, v 61, 416; re-
stored to Spain, 63; 375; 428; 451; and
Philip V, 404, 436 ; the Allies in, 419,
426; evacuated by the Allies (1712), 434;
440; VI 34; evacuated by French, 35;
136; 383; French invade (1794), viii
440 ; emigres in, 782 ; operations in
(1808), IX 239; 396; Duhesme in, 430,
435, 439; Saint-Cyr sent to, 447 sqq.,
454; Augereau's failure in (1809), 457;
458; Macdonald supersedes Augereau in,
464 ; isolation of, 465 ; struggle in (1813-
4), 479 ; Mina in, x 228 ; the Society of
the Exterminating Angel, 229 ; absolutist
revolt in (1828), 230; Don Carlos in,
239 ; Carlist rising in, xi 556 ; xii 258 ;
military disorder in, 260 ; 263 ; 268
Catania, naval battle of (1676), v 44; Order
of St John of Jerusalem at, ix 604 ; cap-
ture of, XI 92
Catarino, Ambrogio, refutes the SommariOy
n386
Catawba river, Cornwallis crosses, vn 227 sq.
Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty of (1559), ii 26,
88, 93 sq., 99, 566; iii 6, 184, 187,
260, 263, 280, 406, 465, 477 sqq., 674,
677
Catechism, of Martin Luther, ii 201, 613;
of Canisius, 682
Catharine (of Aragon), Queen of England,
consort of Henry VIII, marriage of, i
466, 473 sq., 476 ; 482, 488 ; n 26, 70,
416 sq., 428 sqq., 437, 440, 444
(of Braganza), Queen of England,
consort of Charles II, marriage of, iv
621, v 105; 106; 212 sq.; Titus Gates
and, 225; 698
(Howard), Queen of England, 6th
consort of Henry VIII, ii 451 ; executed,
453
(Parr), Queen of England, 6th con-
sort of Henry VIII, ii 457 ; marries Sir
Thomas Seymour, 488
(de' Medici), Queen of France, consort
of Henry II, marriage of, ii 26, 67, 98 ;
219; the Keformation in France and,
296-304 ; 578, 581 ; policy and action of,
III 1-45 ; 53 ; and Poland, 85 ; 177; and
the Guises, 266. 271; and St Bartholo-
mew massacre, 285 ; and Savoy, 403,
408, 413 ; and Philip II, 484, 486, 489 sqq. ;
and Don Antonio, 501 sq.
(d'Albret), Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
(of Austria), Queen of Poland, 3rd
consort of Sigismund I, ni 82
Catharine (of Austria), Queen of Portugal,
marries John III, n 172
I, Tsarina of Eussia, v 547 sq. ;
accession of, 549 ; 550 sq. ; illness and
death of, 551 sq.; vi 143; 302; 312
II, Tsarina of Eussia, v 479 ; 505 ;
Vol. VI, Chap. XIX ; 316; and Stanislaus
Poniatowski, 200 ; 299 ; 322 ; 340 ; 346 ;
the " Greek project " of, 353, 355 ; 354 ;
and Poland, 357 sq., 730 sqq.; Spain and,
378; 460; 629; and Prussia, 630 sq.;
633; and Austria, 647 sq.; 651; and
Frederick the Great, 352, 702, 707 sq.,
729; 742; and Denmark, 743 sq., 754;
746; 750; 753; 765 sq.; and Sweden,
769 sqq.; 778; and Finland, 782; 783;
vn 232; vin 278, 280, 292 sq. ; policy
of, 307 sqq. ; in the Crimea, 315 ; after
Eeichenbach, 336 sq.; and Poland, Chap.
XVII passivi; death of (1796), 552, 683;
and the French Eevolution, 784 sq. ; ix
34 sqq. ; and the First Armed Neutrality,
43 sqq.; 280; attacks of, on Turkey, 385;
X 172 ; 413 ; 423 ; 425 ; and the serfs,
426; 471; xi 262; 264
(Jagello), Queen of Sweden, con-
sort of John III, influence of, n 630,
632; marriage of, iv 162; 166; death
of, 167
(Stenbock), Queen of Sweden, con-
sort of Gustavus I, death of, rv 183
(of Brandenburg), Princess of Tran-
sylvania, consort of Bethlen Gabor, iv
29; Eussian marriage proposed for, 90;
marries Bethlen Gabor, 91, 100
daughter of Henry II of France,
in 400
Ivanovna, Duchess of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, v 611 ; vi 309
of Navarre, sister of Henry IV, m
413
Grand Duchess of Eussia, Duchess
of Oldenburg, afterwards Queen of Wiir-
temberg, at Vienna, ix 581 ; x 361
Infanta, daughter of Philip II, con-
sort of Charles Emmanuel, Duke of
Savoy, III 413, 613 ; death of, 417
Cathcart, Charles Murray, 2nd Earl Cath-
cart, in British N. America, xi 767
Sir William Schaw, 10th Baron, Ist
Viscount and Earl, bombards Copenhagen,
IX 236 ; 263 ; at Eiigen, 289 ; 295-6 ; at
the Congress of Vienna, 585
Cathelineau, Jacques, Vendean leader, vin
266, 341
Catholic Emancipation, and Pitt's resigna-
tion, IX 678 sq., 693 sqq., but see Chap.
XXII passim; becomes law, x 593, see
Chap. XIX, 620-54. See also Toleration
Catholique, Le, Ghent journal, x 532
Catinat de St Gratien, Nicolas de. Marshal
of France, v 60 sqq.; 401 sq.; 404 sqq.
Cats, Jacob, Pauw replaced by, iv 697*
poems of, 719; 721; Grand Pensionary
of Holland, v 139
284
General Index.
Cattaneo, Carlo, Italian writer, xi 547
Cattaro, prisoners work at, rx 84 ; ceded to
France (1806), 269, 270-1, 293, 306; re-
stored to Austria (1815), 660; Monte-
negrin occupation of, xii 402
Cattegat, Russo-Danish squadron in, vi
779
Caturce, Jean de, French Reformer, ii
291
Caub, Bliicher at, nc 544
Caucasus, The, Russian influence in, v 545 ;
VI 673 sq., 676; Orthodox mission in, x
422; Russian advances in, xi 273 sq. ;
633 ; naphtha industry of, xii 321 ; strike
in, 331 ; 332 ; 342 sq. ; disturbances in,
350 sq. ; 353 sq. ; 373 ; 793
Caudebec, taken by Parma (1592), iii
51
Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis de,
Duke of Vicenza, ix 30; receives Vi-
cenza, 111; 145; French ambassador,
307; Napoleon's directions to, 308; 310;
meeting with Romanzoff, 312; 313;
Napoleon's letters to, 314; 315 sqq. ;
summoned to St Petersburg, 485; sent
to Alexander, 520; 543; suggests ne-
gotiations, 545; at Chatillon, 546; 649,
552; envoy to Alexander, 558; Minister
for Foreign Affairs, 616
Caulet, Etienne-FranQois de, Bishop of
Pamiers. See Pamiers
Caumartin, Francois LefSvre de. Bishop
of Amiens. See Amiens
Caussidi^re, Marc, x 492; xi 99; 110
Cauvin, Jean. See Calvin
Cavagnari, Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon, xii
34 sq.; 469; 471
Cavaignac, El^nore-Louis-Godefroy, x 485 ;
491
• Jacques - Marie - Eugene - Godefroy,
French Minister of War, xii 121
Louis-Eugene, French general, x 485 ;
XI 104; Minister of War, 112; 113;
suppresses insurrection in Paris, 114;
117; and the Presidential election, 118;
121 sq. ; imprisonment of, 136; 304
Cavalier, Jean, Camisard leader, v 26
Cavalieri, Bonaventura, mathematician, v
711
Cavallini, Pietro, iii 438
Cavallotti, Felice, Italian politician, xii
219
Cavan, invasion of, in 605 ; plantation of,
614
Cave, Stephen, and Egyptian finance, xii
481, 434
Cavendish, Charles, killed at Gainsborough,
IV 314
Lord Frederick Charles, Secretary
for Ireland, xii 40; 81
Henry, man of science, xii 768
Lord John, Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, VI 457; 462 sqq.
Sir Thomas, navigator, x 272
Lord. See Devonshire, Duke of
Cavite, Spanish fleet destroyed at, vn 679,
XII 530
Cavour, surrender of, m 417
Camillo, Count di, ii 35; and Italy
(1849-61), Vol. XI, Chap, xiv; 79; 83;
interview with Napoleon III, 307, 376,
881; 322; and Austria, 403; results of
work of, 529; 530; 539; 705; death of,
392; XII 215
Cawdor, Frederick A. V. Campbell, 3rd
Earl, XII 60
John Campbell, 1st Baron, viii
475
Cawnpore, xi 738 ; mutiny at, 746 ; massacre
at, 747; 748
Cawsand Bay, English fleet leaves for Cadiz,
III 324
Caxton, William, the Golden Legend, i 641
Caya river, defeat of the Allies on (1709),
V 426; Soult and Marmont in front of,
IX 468
Cayenne, French colony of, rv 756, v 448,
678, VII 79, 96; trade of, 327; trans-
portations to, VIII 506, 512 sq., xi 139,
304; Villeneuve ordered to, ix 219; re-
duced (1809), 240
Cayla. See Du Cayla
Cayuga, The. See Iroquois
Cazal^s, J.-A.-M. de, French politician, viii
159, 172, 741
Cazalla, Dr Agustin, Spanish Reformer, ii
404, 407 sq.
Francisco de, Spanish Reformer, ii
408
Pedro, Spanish martyr, ii 408
Cea Bermudez, Spanish Minister, x 233
Cechs, compared with Magyars, i 330 sq. ;
XI 46; 176 sqq.; 190; 216; literature of,
653 sqq. ; Vol. xii. Chap, vii passim
Cecil, Sir Edward, commands expedition to
Calais, iv 262
Sir Robert. See Salisbury, Earl of
Sir William. See Burghley, Lord
C6cora, Polish disaster near, iv 189
Cedar Creek, battle of (1864), vii 532 sq.
Celebes, The, and Dutch colonisation, iv
711; government of, xii 669
Celeron. See Bienville, Celeron de
Celestina, La, by Rojas, i 379
Cellamare, Antonio Giudice, Duke of
Giovenazzo, Prince of, Spanish am-
bassador at Paris, vi 33 ; 121 ; 125 ; 130
Celle, Queen Caroline Matilda at, vi 751.
753
Celles, Antoine-Charles Fiacre, Comte de
Visscher de, cruelty of, as prefect of the
Zuider See, ix 417
Antoine-P.-F.-G., Comte de Visscher,
X 480; 627
Cellini, Benvenuto, ii 24; iii 394, 466.
474
Celman, M. Suarez, President of the
Argentine Confederation, xii 683
Celtes, Conrad, German humanist, i 323,
325, 637
General Index,
285
Cemetery Eidge, and Gettysburg, vii
488 sq.
Cenci, Beatrice, executed, iv 668
Cennini, Bernardo, Florentine printer, i
561
Centallo, annexed to Saluzzo, in 419
Centerville, Federal retreat to (1861), vii
466
Gentri, secret society, in Mantua, x 111
Centuries of Meditations, Traherne's, rv
771
Centurione, Paolo, Genoese traveller, v 512
Cepbalonia, seized by Turks (1479), i 81;
Fleet of Triple Alliance at (1571), m
135
Ceraechi, Joseph, ix 17
Ceram, English attempt to establish factories
in, IV 735
Cerdagne, recovery of, by Spain (1493), i
111, 229, 363; Spain and, vi 141
Ceresole, French victory at (1544), n 77,
245
Ceri, Eenzo da, condottiere, 1 134 ; defends
Marseilles, ii 49; raids the Abruzzi, 55
Cerignola, French capture of (1502), i 125;
French defeat at (1503), 195
Cerkova, Charles XII at, v 600
Ceroni, Joseph, Italian poet and captain, ix
87
Cerretani, Bartolommeo, Florentine chroni-
cler, I 147
Cerro Gordo (Mexico), captured by Scott
(1847), VII 396
Certain, George, and Lambert (William and
Lewis of Nassau), iii 231
Cervantes, Miguel, in 136; Don Quixote,
365, 546-7
Cerveira, Portuguese chronicler, i 16
Cervera y Topete, Pascual, Count de Jerez
and Marquis de Santa Ava, Spanish
admiral (1898), vn 679 sq. ; xn 266
Cervi, island of, xi 280 sq.
Cervoni, Jean-Baptiste, French general,
vin 564 sq., 569
Cesari, Itahan brigand, x 138
Cesarini, Alessandro, ii 16
Cardinal Giuliano, at the Council
of Basel, i 623
Cesarotti, Melchiore, Italian writer, vi 830
Cesena, Pius VII at, x 134; riots at (1830-1),
154, 155
Cesi, Prince Federigo, and the Accademia
del Lincei, v 740
Paolo Emilio, n 16
Pietro Donati, Cardinal, Bishop of
Narni, m 450
Cetewayo, King of the Zulus, xii 636
Cette, harbour works at, xii 102
Cettinje, investment of, xi 636
Ceuta, taken by Portuguese (1415), i 10;
fighting at, vi 151 ; Arab raids near, xi 664
Ceva, the Allies at, vni 565; occupied by
the French (1796), 567
Cevallos, Pedro, Spanish ambassador at
Vienna, x 213
Cevennes, Protestant rising in the, v 26
Ceylon, Dutch trade with, iii 638 ; Christian
IV and, IV 567 ; and Dutch colonisation,
711 ; Portuguese in, 743 sq. ; and French
colonisation, v 13; the Dutch in, 107,
696; 146; 695; Dutch colony of, taken
by the English, viii 484; retained by
Great Britain, ix 75, 77, 654, 752;
account of, 733 sq. ; Arabi Pasha exiled
to, XII 438
Cezimbra Bay, Spanish carrack captured
in, III 327
Chaban, Prefect of Brussels, ix 399 ; work
of, at Brussels, 416
Chabert, French labour politician, xn
94
Chablais, participates in Swiss neutrality,
IX 660
Chabot, Francois, Eevolutionary, viii 213,
249, 339 ; trial and execution of, 363 sq.
L.-F.-J., French general, viii 582
de I'AUier, Georges-Antoine, ix 19
Chabran, Joseph, Comte, French general,
IX 60
Chabrol de Volire, Gilbert-Joseph-Gaspard,
Comte de, ix 145
Chacabuco, Eoyalist defeat at (1817), x
292
Chaco, district of the, x 269 sq.
Chad, kingdom of, the French Congo and,
XII 130
Lake, xn 659 sq. ; exploration on,
129 sq., 806 sqq., 810 sqq.
Chadda river, and the Niger, xn 807
Chadwick, Sir Edwin, and Poor Law re-
form, X 660 sqq.; 681; xi 1; xn 750
Chagatais clan, vi 508
Chaikovsky, Nicholas, Eussian revolution-
ary, XII 304
Chaireddin. See Barbarossa
Chait Singh, Eajah of Benares, Warren
Hastings and, vi 471 ; 578 sqq. ; 582 sq. ;
IX 716
Chakdarra, attacked by the Swatis, xn
488
Chalais, Henri de Talleyrand, Comte de,
execution of, iv 131
Chalcondylas, Demetrius, career of, in
Italy, I 543; n 16
Chaldiran, victory of Turks at (1514), i
90
Chalgrove, skirmish at (1643), iv 313
Challemel-Lacour, Paul-Armand, French
politician, xi 487
Challier, Marie- Joseph, Lyons Jacobin,
vin 340, 346
Challoner, Sir Thomas, agent of Edward VI
and Mary at the French Court, n 518;
m 265
Chalmers, Thomas, economic theories of,
X 775 ; and the Disruption of the Scottish
Church, XI 6
William, bequeaths industrial college
to Goteborg, xi 684
Chalons, House of, v 669
G. M. H.
18
286
General Index,
Ch41ons-sur-Marne, headquarters of the
League, in a9; Parlement of, 659, 663
sqq. ; army at, 690 ; insurrection at
(1792), VIII 251; Bliicher at, ix 548;
army corps at, xi 582; 585; German
advance on, 594; 595
Cham, Wallenstein abandons investment
of, IV 237
Chaman, railway to, xn 489
Chambarlac, General, ix 14
Chamberlain, Hugh, and a national bank,
V 266; 271
Joseph, President of the Board of
Trade, xn 36 ; 40 ; the " unauthorised pro-
gramme " of, 42 sq. ; and Home Rule,
44, 46; mission of, to the United States,
47; 48; Colonial Secretary, 52; and
the Jameson Baid, 53; advocates Tariff
Reform, 54; Colonial policy of, 57; and
Parnell, 81, 84; and South African
affairs, 641; 652
Sir Neville Bowles, Field-Marshal,
xn 469
Chamberlayne, William, poet, v 136
'* Chambers of Reunion," Louis XIV's, v47
sq., 357
Chambers, Richard, refuses to pay taxes,
IV 273; punishment of, 281
Chambersburg, Lee at, vii 488; burned
by the Confederates, 532
Cbamb6ry, taken by the French (1630), iv
138 ; added to France (1814), ix 564, 576 ;
bishopric of, x 149
Chamblee, fort at, vii 170
Chambon de Montaux, Nicolas, Mayor of
Paris, VIII 252
Chambord, Treaty of (1552), ii 87, 271
Henri - Charles - Ferdinand - M. - D.
d'Artois, Comte de, xi 133; xii 92; 103
sq. ; and the Comte de Paris, 107 sqq.
Chambre Ardente, La, ii 293
Introuvahle, x 46
Chambres de VEdit, in 676
Chamillart, Michel de, French financier,
V 28 sq. ; 417; 424
Chamisso, Adalbert von, German poet,
X 404
Champ de Mars, "massacre" of the (July
17, 1791), vm 200
Champagne, devastation of, n87; Guise in,
ni32; the League in, 661, 663; Intendant
retained in, iv 606; Conti Governor of,
608, 614; Spaniards under Turenne in,
613; Conde in, 618 sq.; customs of, v
13; Prussian retreat from, viii 534, 551
Champagny, Oomte Fran<;ois-J.-M.-T. de,
X 600
F. Perrenot de, in 237, 242 ; Governor
at Antwerp, 245-6
Jean-Baptiste Nomp^re de, vn 332
sq. ; granted duchy of Cadore, ix 111 ;
becomes Foreign Minister, 136; 141, 195,
245, 247; Minister of Foreign Affairs,
300; 309, 321, 335, 359; Nax3oieon writes
to, 370
Champaubert, Russian repulse at (1814),
IX 547
Champeaux, French ambassador in Spain,
VI 156
Champigny, truce ratified at (1575), iii 28
Champion, Alexander, general, invades
Rohiikhand, vi 669 sq,
Championnet, Jean - Etienne, French
general, vm 429; in Rome (1799), 652;
in Naples, 653, 779 ; 663
Champion's Hill, Federal victory at (1863),
VII 504
Champlain, Lake, exploration of, vn 72;
80 ; French troops at, 124 sq., 137 ; and
the United States boundary, 307, 315;
Americans checked on (1813), 341
Samuel de, founder of Quebec, v
684; vn 71 sq.; surrenders Quebec, 74;
75 sq.
Champnol, Emmanuel Cretet, Comte de.
Governor of the Bank of France, ix 117;
Minister of the Interior, 136-8; pleni-
potentiary for the French Concordat,
184
Champollion, Jean-Francois, Egyptologist,
XI 525; XII 845
Chancellor, Richard, in Russia, v 512 sq. ;
xn 793
Chancellorsville, battle of (1863), vii 485 sq.
Chand Bibi, Queen Regent of Ahmadnagar,
VI 512 sq.
Chanda Sahib, Nawab of the Carnatic, vi
533 ; 539 sqq.
Chandernagore, factory at, v703; vi347;
454; French rule in, 534; 544; 552;
captured by the English, 553, 577; 554
Chandler, Edward Barron, Canadian poli-
tician, XI 775
Zachariah, American politician, vn
469, 653
Chandos, Marquis of. See Buckingham
and Chandos, Duke of
Chang Chihtung, Chinese Viceroy, xn 505;
507; 516
Changama, Haidar Ali defeated at, vi
567
Changarnier , Nicolas - Aime - Th^odule,
French general, xi 110; 119; 125; de-
prived of his command, 132; 134; 136;
XII 106 sq. ; 109
Channel, control of the, in 510-11; Ar-
mada in the (1688), 607, (1597), 529,
(1698), 629-30
Islands, reduction of, iv 466 ; a centre
of English commerce, ix 381
Channing, William Ellery, American Uni-
tarian, VII 738
Chantilly, Duke of Bourbon sent to, vi 144
Chantonnay, captured by the Republicans,
vm 353
Thomas Perrenot de, Spanish am-
bassador in France, n 302, 676 ; in 200
Chantries Bill, The (1547), n 482
Chantry Lands, confiscation of, in Eng-
land, u 502 sq.
General Index,
287
Chanut, Pierre, French ambassador, and
Christina of Sweden, iv 675 sq. ; 787
Chanzy, Antoine- Eugene -Alfred, French
general, xi 605 sq. ; retreats to Le Mans,
607; 608 sq.; defeated at Le Mans, 610;
xii 105
Chapelain, Jean, member of French
Academy, iv 156
Chapelle St Lambert, Prussians at, ix 634,
637
Chaplin, Henry, and bimetallism, xii 50
Chaplitz, commands a detachment at Brili,
IX 502 sq.
Chapman, Frederick Henry, in Sweden,
VI 775
George, in 369, 380
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine, Comte de Chante-
loup, IX 9; 25, 124, 133, 376; experi-
ments of, 377; X 744
Chapu, capture of, xi 809
Chapultepec, fort of, stormed by Scott
(1847), VII 396
Chapuys, Eustace, Imperial ambassador in
England, n 442
Charasia, Afghans defeated at, xii 471
Gharbonnerie frangaisej secret society, x
68, 75
Charbonni^res, taken by Henry IV, iii
417; recaptured by Charles Emmanuel
(1598), ib.
Charcas (Upper Peru), province of, x 249
Charenton, Synod of (1631), v 743
Charette de la Contrie, Francois- Athanase,
Vendean leader, vin 266 sq., 341; deser-
tion of, 353 sqq. ; accepts the terms of
peace, 381 sq., 391; executed (1795), 395
"Charitable Conference," at Thorn (1645),
V 743
Charlemont (Armagh), captured (1690), v
314
(Li^ge), fortified by Charles V, n
89, 102
James Caulfield, 4th Viscount and
1st Earl of, vi 500 sqq.; vni 771; and
the Whig Club, ix 693; 695, 701
Cbarleroi, v 43; restored to Spain, 45;
160; taken by the French (1667), 199;
450; 457 sq.; siege of (1746), vi 246 sq.;
Jourdan besieges, vin 435 ; Prussians
at, IX 623; Napoleon captures (1815),
625, 626
Charles the Great, Emperor, i 9; the
schools of, 634 sq., 537; v 617
IV, Emperor, and Brandenburg, v
621; 633
V, Emperor (Charles I, King of
Spain), I 46, 96, 318; Spanish revenue
of, 358; 368-77 passim; received as
King in Spain, 369 sq. ; the Cortes and,
370 sq.; revolts against, 372 sq. ; 423,
453 sqq.; 457 sq., 477, 486, 490, 519,
658, 685, 691; character of, 378 sq.; see
passim, Vol. n. Chaps, ii and in (Habs-
burg and Valois), and Chaps, v-vni
(Reformation and Eeligious Wars in
Germany), 14, 23-5, 29, 36; possessions
of, 37; character of, 38; election of,
40 sq.; meets Henry VIII (1520), 42,
416; (1522), 45, 419; 424, 426; quarrels
with Henry VIII, 429; comment of,
on More's execution, 443; encourages
colonial trade, 100 sq.; at the Diet of
Worms (1521), 139-41; dynastic aims
of, 143-5, 246-8, 267; effect of reign
of, on Germany, 145; the Schmalkaldio
War and, 256-61; efforts of, to obtain
a general Council, 249, 642; Paul III
and, 661; and the Council of Trent,
663-70; advice to Mary Tudor of, 518,
622; 634, 536; close of career and
abdication of, 89 sq., 537; activity of,
against the Turks, ni 104 sqq.; sends
letter to Sultan, 109; and Paul III, 110;
expedition of, against Tunis, 111 sqq.;
war of, with Francis I, 113; negotiates
with Barbarossa, 114, 135; with Venice,
115 sq.; Germany and, 145; Archduke
Maximilian and, 166; 168; abdication
of, 182 sq.; and the Netherlands, 184
sqq. ; 189 sq. ; and Italy, 383 sqq. , 392,
395; and Savoy, 402 ; 410; on Castiglione,
464 ; policy of, 475 sq. ; possessions of,
508; 640; and Ireland, 581; and Jiilich-
Cleves, 716; temper of , 741 ; v 34; 627;
VI 138; 158; 507; 612; x 269
Charles VI, Emperor (Archduke), and the
Spanish Succession, v 384, 388, 390 sqq.,
401; and Spain, 412; 417; inherits
Habsburg dominions, 419 sq. ; 426 sq. ;
in Catalonia, 419 sq. ; 429 ; leaves Spain,
432 ; and peace negotiations before
Utrecht, ib. ; elected Emperor, 434 ; and
Peace of Utrecht, 434, 438 sqq., 450 sq.;
and Peace of Eastatt, 435 sq., 452 sqq, ;
and the Catalans, 445 sq. ; and Peace of
Baden, 454 sq. ; and the Tsarevich, 539 ;
and Peter the Great, 542; 643; 704;
744; VI 21; 23; and Great Britain, 25,
37 sqq., 61 sq. ; and Sardinia, 29; 30
sqq. ; 35 ; and Vienna Treaties, 57, 60 ;
58 sq. ; 91 ; and the Old Pretender, 97 ;
109; 123; and Sicily, 124, 126; 125;
and Dubois, 131 ; and the Spanish claims
in Italy, 138 sqq. ; and the Jacobites, 142 ;
and Spain, 145 sq., 148 sq. ; 151 sqq.;
155; and Chauvelin, 163; 169; and Os-
tend Company, 182; and Poland, 193;
and Pragmatic Sanction, 201 sqq,, 228;
205 sqq.; 210; Frederick William I
and, 212; 227; 249; and Eussia, 308;
and the Papacy, 586 sqq.; Venice and,
606; sells Finale, 608; 614 sq.; 640;
646; 741; 760; death of, 158, 204, 236;
and the Austrian Netherlands, viii
317
VII, Emperor (Elector of Bavaria),
V 451; VI 199; marriage of, 201; and
Pragmatic Sanction, 202; and the Aus-
trian Succession, 228 sqq. ; regains Ba-
varia, 236; 238; 240; death of, 241 sq.
18—2
288
General Index.
Charles I, King of England (Prince of
Wales), scheme of Spanish marriage for,
in 660 sq., 575 sqq., iv 86 sq., 639 sqq.;
French marriage of, 129 ; and the Roman
Catholics in England, 131 ; and the con-
stitutional struggle (1625-40), see Chap,
vin; during the years 1640-2, see Chap.
IX; and First Civil War (1642-7), see
Chap, x; and the Presbyterians and
Independents (1645-9), and trial and
death of, see Chap, xi; 859; suspicious
of the French Government, 378; and
projected conference at Brussels, 396 ; not
represented at Miinster or Osnabriick,
403; 434; revives naval activity, 459 sq.;
poverty of, 461 ; naval disorders of reign
of, 462; reign of, and growth of
English commerce, 466; 485; and Scot-
land, see Chap, xvn; and Ireland, see
Chap. XVIII ; 639 sq. ; Spanish journey
of, 641 sq. , 673 ; and Frederick V, 643,
646; 659; 664; Aerssens sent to, 701;
the Dutch and, 702 ; protests against the
"Massacre at Amboina," 739; and the
East India Company, 746; experiments
of, in colonial government, 748; 754;
and Ireland, v 103; and Portugal, 105;
216; and Scotland, 279 sq., 283 sq., 291 ;
and the Puritans, 325; 326; 746; vi
795 sq.
II, King of England (Prince of Wales),
at Bristol, iv 328 ; at Exeter, 333 sq. ;
and Cromwell, 347; and the fleet, 350,
463 ; Lauderdale and, 351 ; invited to
Ireland by Ormonde, 435 ; at Worcester,
436; 446; 450; Richard Cromwell and,
450 sq. ; 463; in Scotland, 466; pro-
claimed King in Scotland, 509 sqq.; 540;
Treaty of Pyrenees and, 542; Monck
and, 545; parliamentary writs and, 553;
goodwill to, 554; negotiations with, 555
sq. ; the Convention and, 558 ; return of,
559; Irish Confederates and, 532; Irish
peace of 1649 and, 534; expelled from
France, 619; 620 sq.; William II of
Orange and, 724 ; and Algiers, 483 ; 591 ;
policy of (1667-85), Vol. v, Chap, ix;
and the government of Scotland, Chap.
X (2) ; in Holland, 148 ; lands at Dover,
280; and Portugal, 34, 105, 107, 148; and
Louis XIV, 37, 40, 42, 44 sqq., 105 sq.,
109, 154; and United Provinces, 37,
43 sqq., 107, 178 sq. ; restoration and
policy of, 92 sq.; 94; 96; 98; and re-
ligious toleration, 99 sqq., 329, 333 sq.;
and Clarendon, 101 sq., 114; and Spain,
104 sq. ; marriage of, 105 ; and Prince
of Orange, 107, 158, 163 ; and the Dutch
war, 108 sq. ; financial difficulties of,
110 sqq.; and the peace negotiations,
112 sq.; and the army, 113, 265; and
the Parliament, 114 sq.; 124; Dryden
and, 134 sqq. ; and Bishop of Miinster,
150, 182 ; and Triple Alliance, 154, 191 ;
and Treaty of Dover, 154, 156; 177;
and the fleet, 178, 187 sq. ; declares war
against Dutch (1665), 180, (1672), 191;
187; 190; 197; and Ireland, 301 sqq.,
310; religion of, 331; 359; and Dun-
kirk, 442; 650; and Brazil, 675; and
colonial affairs, 690; and East India
Company, 697; and Hobbes, 751; death
of, 230, 288; vi 6; 791; 808; and
Virginia, vn 9; and New Netherlands,
38 sq.; and Acadia, 75
Charles V, King of France, i 384, 389, 392 ;
communes suppressed by, 398, 411, 605,
657
VI, King of France, i 259, 384, 409,
414
VII, King of France, i 107, 384 sq. ;
the Popes and, 386-7; 396, 400, 403;
taxation under, 404 sqq. ; 411, 413, 430,
636; n 36
VIII, King of France, i 86, 107;
Italian expedition of, 108-18, 229 sq.,
303, 5G4, 575; Florence and, 155, 228;
170; Pisa and, 191; 362, 384, 392;
marries Anne of Britanny, 395, 450,
467; 401, 411, 413, 445, 467, 672; v 483
IX, King of France, accession of, ii
299, 302, 581; Geneva and, 373; ni 7;
marriage of, 15, 177; and England, 16
sq. ; and St Bartholomew, 19 ; and Mary
Queen of Scots, 276, 282 sq.; and the
Netherlands, 230 sqq.; and Cosimo I,
390; death of, 24, 406; 484; 591
X, King of France (Charles-Philippe,
Comte d'Artois), vi 656; viii 81, 117;
emigrates (1789), 165; accused of high
treason, 221 ; expedition of, to the
Vendue, 395; 398, 495, 555; ix 3; 28,
30 ; enters Paris, 560 ; made Lieutenant-
Governor, 561; views of, 566; 568 sq.; x
13; 41; 44; 49; and army reforms, 55;
tries to force a Royalist policy, 56;
58; decline of the influence of, 60; 62;
65; 67; and Richelieu, 63, 70; 65; 67;
71; accession of (1824), 85; and com-
pensation for the Emigres, 71, 85 sq. ;
and the Church, 87 ; consecration of, 87
sq. ; 90 ; appoints Martignac to succeed
VilWe, 92; and Martignac, 93 sq. ; and
the Polignac ministry, 96-8; character
and policy of, 97; 98; and the address
of the Liberal deputies, 99; publishes
ordinances of July 25, 1830, ib. ; 162 ;
and the Greek Question, 189, 193 ; Metter-
nich and, 371; and Revolution of 1830,
476; 477 sq.; 481 sq. ; 486; xi 22; 682
II, King of Naples, i 108
Ill (the Little), Prince of Durazzo,
King of Naples and Hungary, i 108
King of Roumania, xi 645 sq. ; xii
341; 387 sq.; 397; 410; 414
King of the Two Sicilies. See
Charles III, King of Spain
II, King of Spain, character and
rule of, v 34 sq. ; marriages of, ib. ; 45 ;
49; 62; and William of Orange, 244;
General Index,
289
338; 349; accession of, 373; adminis-
tration under, 374 sqq. ; 377 ; infirmity
of, 379 sq. ; 381 ; 383 ; and the succes-
sion, 384 sq., 391 sq.; death of, 393;
will of, 392 sqq., 401; 395; 459; 523;
691; and League of Augsburg, 655;
659; 664; vi 686
Charles III, King of Spain (and of the Two
Sicilies) (Don Carlos), vi 62 ; 126 ; Italian
claims of, 138 sqq. ; 147 sq. ; succeeds
to duchy of Parma, 149 sqq.; 152;
conquers Naples, 153 ; 155 ; marriage of,
156 ; 167 ; 202 ; the Two Sicilies ceded to,
203 ; 237 sq. ; 241 ; 342 ; and the Family
Compact, 344; 346; 351; 363; reign
of, in Spain, 366 sqq.; 443; 688; and
Benedict XIV, 590; and the Jesuits,
692 sqq. ; rule of, in Naples, 696 sqq. ;
death of, 382; vin 778, 782; x 142;
206; and reforms in Spanish America,
274 sq.
" IV, King of Spain (Prince of the
Asturias), vi 366; 374; 381; 384; vm
189, 782; ix 72; 302, 428; arrests his
son Ferdinand, 429; and the revolution
of Aranjuez, 430 sqq. ; forced abdication
of, 433; X 232; 283; and Mexico, 303
VIII (Karl Knudson), King of Sweden
and Norway, n 600
IX, King of Sweden, n 630, 632 sq. ;
Sweden delivered by, iv 158; 160 sq.,
164; organises a revolt, 165; rule of,
166 sq. ; 169 sq. ; concludes Peace of
Teusin, 171; attacks Finland, 172; be-
comes King, 173 ; invades Livonia, 174 ;
government of, 176 sq. ; death of, 177;
178; 179; martial reign of, 180; 183;
565; patriarchal government of, 568;
576; V 578
X Gustavus, King of Sweden, at
Prague, iv 394; 426; accession of, 427,
676; at Warsaw, 428; first Danish war
of, 429; second Danish war of, 432;
England and, 429, 541 ; reign of, 576-91 ;
620 ; and Baltic struggle, v 146 sq. ; and
Denmark, 344, 562; and Poland, 344,
349, 505 ; 558 ; and the succession, 563 ;
and Hetman Chmielnicki, 599; 643;
death of, iv 433, 589, v 147, 344; vi
664
XI, King of Sweden, v 49; 627;
563; government of, 567; 568; and war
of Scania, 569 sq. ; and peace treaties
of 1679, 571 ; character of, 572 ; and his
advisers, 573 sq. ; and "Reduction" of
1680, 574 sqq. ; domestic policy of, 576
Bqq. ; and Gottorp, 580 ; and Charles XII,
684 sq. ; and Patknl, 586; and League
of Augsburg, 655 ; death of, 576, 579, 584
XII, King of Sweden, v 417; 527;
672; birth of, 576; 679; and Denmark,
580 sqq. ; invades Norway, 583 ; character
and training of, 584 sq. ; coronation of,
585; 586; and Duke of Gottorp, 680,
687; and the great Northern War, 587
sqq. ; at Narva, 588 sq. ; and Augustus II,
589, 692; invades Poland, 592; and
Stanislaus Leszczynski, 593; Treaty of,
with Augustus II, 595 ; and the Russian
peace overtures, 596; enters Grodno,
597; at Holowczyn, 698; and Mazepa,
699 sq. ; in the Ukraine, 600; defeated
at Poltawa, 601; in Turkey, 602 sqq.;
at Bender, 606; rejects neutrality com-
pact, 607; 680; and "Stettin Seques-
tration," 609; at Stralsund, 610 sq.;
and the third anti-Swedish league, 611;
in Scania, 612; and peace negotiations
with Russia, 613 sq. ; 659 ; and Frederick I
of Prussia, 666 sq.; death of, 583, 614,
VI 34, 104 ; ih. 23 sqq. ; 33 sqq. ; and the
Old Pretender, 97; and the Jacobites,
104 ; 125 ; 192 ; and Stanislaus Leszczyn-
ski, 193, 196; 206; 695; 735; 741
Charles XIII, King of Sweden (Duke of
Sudermania), vi 779 ; vm 789 ; ix 37-8 ;
323, 329 ; xi 677 ; xii 281
XIV, King of Sweden (Jean-Baptiste-
Jules Bernadotte), Marshal of France,
vm 581 sq., 642; French Minister of
War, 671, 673 sq., 676 sq. ; and Bru-
maire, 678, 681 ; ix 21-2 ; commander of
1st French army corps, 252 ; marches to
Wiirzburg, 253 ; marches to Munich, 254 ;
on Ingolstadt, 255 ; on Salzburg, 256 ;
pursues Kutusoff, 257 ; at Iglau, 258 ; or-
dered from Iglau, 260 ; at Austerlitz, 261 ;
receives Ponte Corvo, 111 ; 268, 274; de-
feats Tauenzien, 275; at Jena, 276; at
Naumburg, 277 ; at Zehdenick, 279 ; pur-
sues Bliicher, 280; at Thorn, 284; at
Mohrungen, 285 ; 287 ; at Hamburg, 296 ;
in Holstein, 298; 303; in Zeeland, 300;
313 ; choice of, as Prince Royal of Sweden,
321 sqq. ; in Jutland, 322 ; commands
the French army, 358 ; becomes Prince
Royal of Sweden (August, 1810), 379;
relations of, with Alexander, 487 ; joins
Allies, 521 ; and Reichenbach plan,
622 ; character of, 525 ; attacks Oudinot,
626 ; at Dennewitz, 630 ; crosses the
Elbe, 532; 533; at Leipzig, 538; and
the invasion of France, 542; 543; be-
sieges Hamburg, 644 ; and French throne,
655 ; and Congress of Vienna, 582 ;
loses Ponte Corvo, 652; ambitions of,
661 ; and European concert, x 19, 36 ;
XI 677 ; character and influence of,
678 sq. ; constitutional position of, 680 ;
Norwegian policy of, 681 ; foreign policy
of, 682 sqq. ; and the Tsar Nicholas, 684 ;
domestic policy of, 684 sqq. ; death of,
686; 688; xii 274; 282
XV, King of Sweden, character and
reign of, xi 688 sqq. ; death of, 690 ; xii
273 sq. ; and Norway, 282 sq.
Archduke (of Austria), 3rd son of
Leopold II, VI 656 ; vm 336, 497, 579 ;
in Italy, 581 sq.; 634; at Stockach,
665 sq., 661, 663 ; ix 56 ; 68, 247, 250 ;
290
General Index,
commander of the army of Italy, 250
sqq. ; escapes to Bohemia, 255 ; in Italy,
257 ; retreat of, before Mass^na, 258 ;
259 ; advice of, to Emperor Francis,
262 ; interview with Napoleon, ih.\ army
gathered in Bohemia under, 283 ; policy
of, 288; 342, 343; Minister of War in
1805, 346 ; operations of, 347-55 ; 359,
680 ; X 357 ; 473 ; and the Belgian throne,-
639 ; XI 162
Charles, Archduke (of Styria), and marriage
with Mary Queen of Scots, ii 586 sq. ;
m 165 sqq., 268, 698 sqq.
Prince of Wales. See Charles I and
Charles II, Kings of England
Albert, King of Sardinia, x 114 sqq.;
reforms by, 123; 129; 142; d'Azeglio
and, XI 66 ; 70 sq. ; 75 sq. ; 78 ; grants
Constitution, 80 ; and the war with
Austria, 82 sqq. ; and Italian Federation,
90 ; 121 ; 207 ; abdication of, 366 ; 367 ;
379; 645; 547; and Pius IX, 706;
death of, 93
Albert, Elector of Bavaria. See
Charles VII, Emperor
Edward, Prince (the Young Pre-
tender), VI 74; 91; 106; at Paris, 110;
in Scotland, 111 sqq.; in England, 114;
character of, 116; retreats to France,
117; 160; 249; 817; death of, 118;
X 625
Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia
(Prince of Piedmont), v 432 ; vi 30 ; and
the war with Austria, 152 sqq.; and
Preliminaries of Vienna, 155; 159 sqq.;
and Maria Theresa, 236 sq. ; 239 ; 241 ;
243 sqq. ; and Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle,
249 ; 362 ; 366 ; and the Papacy, 589 ;
608 sq.
Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia, viii
644, 654, 660 sq.; ix 41 ; 71, 73, 79
Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy. See
Savoy
Felix, King of Sardinia, x 116-7;
123
Gustavus , Count Palatine . See
Charles X Gustavus, King of Sweden
Charles -Louis, Infante, son of the Prince of
Parma, claims of, to Tuscany, ix 602
Charles, Philip of Sweden, Duke of Soder-
manland, iv 176 sq.; death of, 183
the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. See
Burgundy
Madame de, ii 97
Charleston (South Carolina), founded, vii
35; threatened by Prevost, 219; siege of
(1780), 222 sq.; Leslie at, 227; evacuated
(1781), 231, 307; population of , 359 ; and
the Tariff, 376, 382; and slavery, 387;
Democratic National Convention at (1860),
445; forts of, 446 sqq.; Sherman cap-
tures (1865), 529, 652; 551; Federal
attack on (1863), 553 sq.; naval opera-
tions at, 665; banks of, 610; blockade-
running at, 620
Charlestown, settlement of, vii 16; forti-
fied, 17
Charlet, Nicolas-Toussaint, x 489; xi 24
Charlevoix, Pierre FrauQois Xavier de, vii
90, 93, 103
Charlotte, Empress of Mexico, xi 484
Tsaritsa of Russia, v 538
Princess, daughter of George IV,
engagement of, ix 690, x 641
Sophia, Queen of Great Britain,
consort of George III, vi 434; 474 sq.;
IX 690
Charlottenburg, convention signed at (1806),
IX 282
Charlottetown, Confederation conference
at, XI 770
Charnac^, Baron Hercule-Girard de, agent
of Eichelieu, iv 117; missions of, 135,142 ;
mediator between Poland and Sweden,
187, 192; in Sweden, 194; Treaty of
Barwalde and, 198; sent to Munich, 210;
succeeded by d'Avaux, 402
Charnock, Job, founder of Calcutta, v
699
Eichard, Prior of St Mary's, Ox-
ford, I 643
Charolais, and Treaty of the Pyrenees, iv
620
Charpentier, Jean de, geologist, xi 260
Charras, Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe, French
officer, XI 113; 136
Charron, Pierre, in 70
Charterhouse, James II and the, v 335
Charters, fort at, xii 639
Chartism, rise of, x 681 sqq.; the Charter
itself, 683 sq. ; decline of, xi 19
Chartley, Mary in custody at, in 291
Chartres, siege of (1591), iii 50; assembly
at, 659; coronation of Henry IV at
(1594), 662; German force at, xi 607
Charles-Franpois de Monstiers de
M^rinville, Bishop of, vi 162
Jean-Baptiste J. de Lubersac, Bishop
of, VIII 156; 179
Philip, Due de. See Orleans, Louis
Philippe Joseph, Due de
JDuke of (son of the Eegent Orleans).
See Orleans, Louis, Duke of
Sieur de Ferri^res-Maligny, Vidame
de. Huguenot intriguer, iii 3, 15, 19
Cliase, Salmon Portland, vii 428 sq., 445;
Secretary of Treasury, 450, 568 sqq.,
599, 607; Chief Justice, 546, 633 sq.,
653
Chashniki, Wittgenstein's advance to, ix
501
Chass^, Baron David Hendrik, Dutch
general, x 537; 643
Cbasseloup-Laubat, Jastin-N.-S.-P., Mar-
quis de, XII 131
Chassin, Charles-Louis, French journalist,
XI 488
Chaste, Aymard de, admiral for Don An-
tonio, III 601
Chastel, Jean, ui 664
General Index,
291
Chastelain, Georges, historian, i 415, 433
Ghastelard, Pierre de Boscobel de, in
268
Chasteler, J. G. J. A., Marquis du. See
Du Chasteler
Chateaubriand, FranQois-Auguste, Vicomte
de, VI 40; 826; 830 sqq. ; x 4; Le ginie
du christianisme, ix 130 sq., 188, x 5,
53, 100; Reflexions politiques, 43; 44;
47; 49; La Monarchie selon la Chartc^
51; 55; and the Dibats, 59; 60; states
the demands of the Ultras, 62; 63;
ambassador in Berlin, 68; influence
of, 72; policy of, in Berlin, 73; ambas-
sador in London, 74; advocates a war
policy, 79 ; and Congress of Verona, ib. ;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, ib.; dis-
missed, 80 ; 82 ; opposes Vill^le's financial
scheme, 83, 86; 89; and Vill^le, 90 sq.;
and literature of Restoration, 100 sqq. ;
Les Martyrs, 100, xi 523; x 103; am-
bassador in Eome, 153 sq. ; confession
of faith of, 159; and Spanish affairs,
225 sq.; 230; and Spanish America,
309; 490; 494; 508; 514; xi 508; 519;
528; xn 829
Chfiteaubriant, Treaty of (1487), i 393
Chateau- Gontier, battle at, viii 355
Chateauneuf, Catholic army at, in 11
Charles d'Aubespine, Marquis of,
imprisonment of, iv 142 ; excluded from
general amnesty, 593; and the Duchess
of Chevreuse, 596; exiled, 607; and the
House of Conde, 609 ; recalled, 612; 613;
dismissal of, 614 sq. ; death of, 618
Paul de I'Hdpital, Marquis de,
French ambassador at St Petersburg,
VI 322
Pierre-Antoine de Castagneres, Mar-
quis de, French Minister at the Hague,
V 610
Chateauroux, Madame de, vi 330
Chateau-Thierry, granted to John Casimir,
III 30; Allies at, ix 547
Chateau-Vieux, mutiny of regiment of, vin
192, 226
Ch&telet, Florent-Louis-Marie, Due de, viii
162, 179
Chatelherault, Assembly of (1605), in
681-2
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran,
Duke of, II 454; made Regent of Scot-
land, 456 sq. ; treaty of with Henry VIII,
458, 460; regency, 655-9; 673 sq., 575;
III 261-3, 270
Chater Sing, Sikh officer, xi 741
Chatham, v 169; Dutch attack on (1667),
160 sq., 154, 188
John Pitt, 2nd Earl of, vm 294,
297; lieutenant-general, commander of
Walcheren expedition, ix 239, 358; and
Catholic emancipation, 678; 681, 682
William Pitt, 1st Earl of. Vol. vi,
Chap, xin (1); 40; 42; 66; 62; 71;
early years of, 73; advent to power of,
74 sqq.; 81; 87; 263; 272; Frederick
the Great and, 298, 324, 328; policy of,
in the Seven Years' War, 342a sqq.
(in Vol. xiii) ; and the negotiations with
France, 343, 345, 425 sq.; fall of, 346;
352; 365; 367 sq.; 423 sqq.; and Peace
of Paris, 429; 430; and Wilkes, 431;
and colonial policy, 433; 434 sq. ; created
Earl, 436; administration of, 436 sqq.;
resigns, 439; 442; and America, 447;
448; 450; and Reform, 465; and Indian
affairs, 567; Clive and, 670; 597; in
power (1757), vn 131 sq., 137, 146 sq.;
and Stamp Act, 150 ; 152 ; retirement of,
154; 165; 162; x 699; 605; 703
Chatillon, the family of, in 6, 8
Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal de,
at Maestricht, iv 697
Isabelle de Montmorency, Duchess
of, influence of, on Cond^, iv 609, 616 ;
exiled, 617
Odet de Coligny, Cardinal de. Bishop
of Beauvais, Archbishop of Toulouse, u
300; ni 11
See also Coligny and D'Andelot
Chouan leader in Anjou, ix 2; 14
Chatillon-sur-Seine, Conference at (1814),
IX 481, 546 sqq., 552, 577, x 9
Chatillon-sur-S^vre, Westermann defeated
at, VIII 353
Chattanooga, Buell ordered to, vn 500 sq.,
606; Confederates at, 508; evacuated,
609; Rosecrans blockaded in, 610 sq.;
battle of, 612 sq., 616; and the campaign
of the West, 520; 561
Chatterton, Thomas, poet, vi 831; 832; x
698; 710
Chaumette, Pierre- Gaspard, Vice-President
of the Conseil General of the Commune,
vm 261 ; Procureur, 252, 338, 349, 356,
359
Chaumont, Treaty of (1814), vn 366, ix
660, 676 sqq., 589, 605, 646, 666-7, X
7, 9, 11, 16, 481, 619
Marquis de. See Amboise
Chauncey, Isaac, American naval officer,
vn 341
Chauvelin, Franpois-Bernard, Marquis de,
French ambassador, viii 296 sqq., 301
sqq.; ordered to leave England, 305; x 91
Germain-Louis de, French Foreign
Minister, vi 147; 149; 156; 160; career
of, 162 sq. ; disgrace of, 163
Chaux de Fonds, Republican movement
in, XI 263
Chaves, Soult crosses the Portuguese border
near, ix 449
Friar Diggo de, confessor of Philip II.
m 518 ^
Manuel de Silveyra Pinto de Fon-
seca. Marquis de, x 321
Chavigny, L6on Le Bouthillier, Comte de,
rival of Mazarin, iv 593; driven from
the Council by les Importants, 596 ; im-
prisoned, 607; attached to Cond6, 609;
292
General Index.
reappears at Court, 612 ; Cbief Minister,
614; removed, 615; death of, 617 sq.
Chavigny, French diplomatist, vi 615
Chazal, Jean-Pierre, member of the Con-
vention, viii 515, 677, 684, 686
Chebreiss, repulse of the Mamelukes at
(1798), VIII 601
Chechen river, Russian troops on, xn 581
Chefkin, Constantine, xi 614
Cheke, Sir John, Greek professor at Cam-
bridge, I 580, 581; committed to the
Tower, ii 518
Ch6khoff, Anton P., Russian poet, xii 317
Chelm, diocese of, x 449; added to West
Prussia (1815), 463
Chelmsford, Frederic Augustus Thesiger,
2nd Lord, xn 35
Chelnokoff, and Russian economic reform,
xn327
Chemin, Nicholas du, Calvin and, ii 352
Chemistry, history of. See Science
Chemnitz, Ban6r defeats Archduke Leopold
William near, iv 379; Austrians in, vi
297
Friedrich, poet, xi 412
Martin, theologian, ii 714; in 704
Philip Bogislav von, Swedish historio-
grapher, sent to Niirnberg, iv 216; and
De ratione status in Iniperio, 384
Chemulpo, Russia and, xii 507; 522; 579;
Russian ships captured at, 580; 581
Ch^nedoll^, Charles Julien Pioult de, ix 132
Cheng-Kwang Hall, at Pekiug, xii 504
Cheng-tu-fu, travellers at, xii 797
Chenier, Andr6-Marie de, poet, vi 834;
XI 520; 549
Marie-Joseph de, poet, Fenelon, vi
823; viii 28, 366, 387; Theophilan-
thropist, 501; 515
Chenonceau, meeting of Don John and the
Queen-Mother at, iii 31
Cherasco, Peace of (1631), iv 60, 115, 117,
138, 226; and Treaty of Westphalia,
405; armistice of (1796), viii 567
Cherbourg, British attacks on (1758), vi
342& (in Vol. xiii); port improvements
at, IX 120; French flotilla at, 209; xi
31; naval works at, 332; 582; 587
Cherchen, Russian explorer at, xn 799;
803
Chereia, Oudinot at, ix 501
Cheriton (near Alresford), Royalists de-
feated at, rv 323
Cherkasky, Alexander, Prince, at Astrakhan,
v544
Alexis, Prince, v 557 ; councillor, vi
303
Vladimir, Prince, xi 615; 629; xii
298; 336
Cherkesses, The, and Russia, xi 274
Chernaieff, Michael, Russian general, xi
630 sq. ; Commander of Servian army,
xn 386
Chernaya Dolina, Tartars repulsed at, ti
305
Chernaya Napa, Swedish reverse at (1708),
V 598
river, battle on, xi 322; 373
ChernigoS, annexed by Ivan the Great,
V 479 sq. ; 504; trade depression in, xii
319; 322; 327; disorder in, 353
Prince of, v 481
Cherniskevsky, Nicholas, Russian socialist,
XI 630; xn296 sq.; 302
Chernuisheff, Count Zachary, general in
Seven Years' War, vi 294, 299, 326,
328; and Poland, 668 sq., 671; 697;
731
Chernysheff, Russian Minister of War
(1830), X 465
Cherson, Catharine II at, vin 315
Chertkoff, Governor-General of KiefE, xn
307
Cherubini, M. L. C. Z. S., ix 135
Chesapeake and Leopard, naval fight, vn
329 sqq., 333 sqq.
and Shannon, naval fight, vn 342
Chesapeake Bay, French fleet defeats the
English at (1781), vi 453, vn 230; in the
Civil War, 452, 470
Cheshire, petitions to Parliament from,
IV 291; Royalist rising in, 540
Chesnelong, Pierre- Charles, French poli-
tician, XII 109; 116
Chesney, Francis Rawdon, General, x 558
Chester, James II and Tyrconnel at, v 307;
William III sails from, 313; Fenians in,
XI 344
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th
Earl of, V 70; vi 70; 77; 79; 84; vin
21
Ch^tardie, M?irquis de La. See La Ch^tardie
Chevalier, Etienne, French Minister, i
409
Michel, political economist, xi 298;
470; 637
Chevaliers de la Liberte, x 68
Chevert, French ofiicer, at Prague, vi 236
Chevreul, Michel Eugene, ix 133
Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan, Duchess of,
marriage of, to Luynes, iv 125; exiled,
131; and Chateauneuf, 142; excluded
from general amnesty, 593; returns to
Paris, 596; 697; De Retz and, 609;
offended by Cond^, 612
Cheynell, Francis, and Chillingworth, v
746
Chiabrera, Gabriello, Italian poet, v 69
Chiana, Val di, drainage of, vi 603
Chiaramonti, Gregorio Bernabd. See Pius
VII, Pope
Chiari, Imperial army at, v 402
Chiasso, French army feints a crossing at,
IX 61
Chiavenna, early history of, iv 35 sq.; 44
sqq.; march of Feria on, 55 sq.; 58;
Treaty of Monzon and, 59; Rohan and,
61; sovereignty of the Grisons in, 63;
ceded to Austria, ix 660
Chiavone, Italian brigand, xi 531
General Index.
293
Chicago, growth of, vii 444; National Ee-
publican Convention at (1860), 445;
labour disturbance at, 669 sq., 707
Chichegoff, General, Governor of Blago-
vestchensk, xii 521
Chicheley, Sir John, Eear-Admiral, v 196
Chich6rin, Eussian politician, xn 311 sq.
Chichester, William Chillingworth at, v 746
Arthur, Baron Chichester of Belfast,
Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1603-15, m 588,
612-6 ; nobility of the Pale and, iv 515 sq.
Chickahominy river, McClellan's operations
on, VII 475 sqq.
Chickamauga, battle of (1863), vii 509 sqq.
Chickasaw Bayou, unsuccessful assault on
(1862), vn 502
Chico, Francisco, chief of the Madrid police,
XI 560
Chieregati, Francesco, papal nuncio in
Germany, n 32, 170
Chieri, retained by France (1559), ii 94,
III 400
Chi^vres. See Croy
Chifanoja (II Schifanoya), Venetian am-
bassador to England, ni 264
Chifu, negotiations at, xn 501; 512; 514
Chigi, Agostino, and Leo X, n 10, 14; 17
Fabio, Cardinal. See Alexander VII,
Pope
Chikuzen, daimio of, xi 846
governor of, dismissed, xi 865
Child, Sir Francis, banker, v 266
Sir John, Governor of Bombay, V
698 sq.
Sir Josia, chairman of East India
Company, v 699 sqq.
Childers, Hugh C. E., Chancellor of Ex-
chequer, XII 41
Chili, the Spaniards in, v 683 ; Eepublic
of, vn 368; trade of, with California,
402; and the United States, 649, 666;
British expedition to, ix 753 ; administra-
tion of, X 248 sq. ; negroes in, 260; the
Indians in, 268 ; French settlers in, 276 ;
revolutionary developments in, 278, 282 ;
independent government formed in (1811-
2), 287; recovered by Peru (1816), 290;
invasion of, by San Martin (1817), 291 sq. ;
Lord Cochrane's services to, 292 ; royalists
suppressed in (1830), 295; history of,
after 1830, 300 sq. ; independence of,
recognised by United States, 308 ; Mastai-
Ferretti (Pius IX) in, xi 72; xn 672;
affairs in (1833-1902), 677 sqq.; 684;
689 sq.; foreign capital in, 694; arbi-
tration by, 722
(China), disturbances in, xn 517
Chilianwala, battle at, xi 741
Chillingworth, William, supports Laud,
IV 280; 320; v 326; 332; 745 sqq.
Chiloe, X 277 ; surrenders to Chilians (1826),
295
Chimkent, Eussian capture of, xi 630
Chin Kiang, attack on foreigners at, xn
517
China, Dutch trade with, m 638; tea
brought to Europe from, iv 712 ; route to,
V 512; Eussia and, 544 ; U.S. treaty with
(1868), vn 635, (1880), 649 ; South Ameri-
can trade with, x 255 ; British trade with,
760; intercourse of, with Western Powers,
Vol. XI, Chan, xxvni (1); 259; Treaty
of, with Eussia (1858), 273; England and
France and, 308 ; Napoleon III and, 476 ;
and Japan, 823 sq. ; affairs in (1858-
1909), xn 500 sqq. ; 4; 9 sqq.; war of,
with Japan, 52 ; and France, 131 sq. ;
345; 485; and Tibet, 490, 492; Indian
troops in, 493 ; 498 ; and Annam, 524 sqq. ;
543; Japan and, 652, 557 sq.; and the
Macao coolie trade, 555 ; 556 ; and Korea,
567, 569 sq. ; and Formosa, 572 ; treaty
of, with Eussia (1902), 576 ; 625 ; 644 ;
761 ; exploration in, 792 ; 793 ; Eussian
trade with, 795; the unveiling of, 796 sqq.;
801 sqq.
Company (French), vi 173; 533
Sea, Eussian fleet in, xn 699
Chincha Islands, Spanish occupation of,
XII 678
Chinchon, Count of, Councillor of Philip II,
in 514
Ching, Prince, xn 620
Chingis Khan. See Genghis Khan
Chinhai, capture of, xi 809
Chinhat, Sir Henry Lawrence at, xi 748
Chining Chow, missionaries murdered near,
xn 513
Chinkiang, attack on, xi 809
Chinnampo, Japanese troops at, xn 581 ^
585
Chinon, Catholic force at, in 11
Chinsura, capitulation of (1759), v 697,
VI 566, 558
Chioggia, War of, between Genoa and
Venice, i 258 sq. ; 264
Bishop of (Jacopo Nacchianti), n 666
Chios, attacked by the Venetians, v 365
Chippenham election petition, vi 72
Chippewa, American victory at (1814), vn
343
Chisholm of Strathglass, vi 105
Chitral, annexed by Great Britain, xn 52,
487; 458; 489; 802
Chittagong, xi 727 sq.
Chitu, leader of Sindhia levy, xi 725 sq.
Chiulien-ch'Sng, Chinese retreat from, xn
511
Chivasso, retained by France (1559), ii 94,
in 400
Chiverny, Philippe Hurault, Comte de.
Chancellor of France, m 42, 44
Chlapovski, Stanislas, Polish general, x 472
Chlopicki, Joseph, Polish general, and the
Polish revolution, x 465 sqq.
Chlum, Prussian army at, vi 242; 279
Chmel, Josef, Austrian historian, xn 829
Chmielnicki, Theophilus or Bogdan, Cos-
sack leader, iv 580; Hetman of Little
Eussia, V 604 sq.; 599
294
General Index.
Choate, Eufus, American lawyer, vii 744
Chobrakit. See Chebreiss
Choczim. See Khoczim
Chodkiewicz, Jan, Palatine of Samogitia,
ra 89
John Charles (son of Jan), Polish
general, vr 174 sq. ; in Livonia, 176 ;
heroic defence of Khoczim by, 189
Choiseul, C^sar, Due de, Sieur du Plessis-
Praslin, Marshal of France, in Italy,
IV 601
Etienne-Fran(?ois, Due de, French
Minister of Foreign Affairs, vi 323 sq. ;
330 ; 341 sqq. ; and the Family Compact,
344 sq, ; 346 sq. ; and the Jesuits, 348,
592; foreign policy of, 349 sqq.; 353;
Polish policy of, 354 ; fall of, 355 sqq. ;
358 sq. ; and Spain, 367 sq. ; 373 ; and
the negotiations with Ent^land, 418, 425
eqq. ; and Corsica, 439; 594 sq.; vn 97;
VIII 51, 82, 400
Count de, at Vienna, vi 343
Choiseul-Praslin, Due de, French Minister
of Foreign Affairs, vi 348
Cboiseul-Eomanes, Madame de, vi 341
Choisy, de. State Councillor, at Breisach,
IV 382
French officer, vi 355
Cholat, FranQois-Joseph-Eug^ne, French
politician, xi 136
Cholet, Republican siege of, viii 354
Cholmley, Sir Hugh, betrays Scarborough
Castle, IV 313
Sir Roger, Lord Chief Justice, ii 518
Choshiu, clan and daimios of. Vol. xi. Chap.
XXVIII (2) passim; xii551 sq., 562
Chotek, Count Rudolph Christian, Chancel-
lor of Bohemia and Austria, vi 639
Chotusitz, battle of, vi 234 sq.
Ghouans, The, ix 2; in the West, 13;
suppression of, 16 sq.
Chouet, Robert, Cartesian philosophy and,
IV 791
Chow Han, Chinese writer, xii 516
Chrapovitzki, Alexander Wassiljewitch, pri-
vate secretary to Catharine II, vi 699
Chrestien, Florent, iii 69
Chretien, Michael, and Gallicanism, v 76
Christ Church (Oxford), founded by Wolsey,
II 484
Christensen, Jens Christian, Danish states-
man, XII 293
Christian Brothers, French religious associa-
tion (1680), V 79
Union, of Swiss Catholic States
(1527), II 329 sq.
Christian I (of Oldenburg), King of Den-
mark, Norway and Sweden, n 600 ; Duke
of Schleswig and Count of Holstein, 601 ;
accession of, iv 563 ; xi 226
II, King of Denmark, Norway and
Sweden, ii 144; Lutheranism adopted by,
169; 203; 217; defeated by Liibeck,
228 sq.; Reformation in Denmark and,
601-8; Stockholms Blodbad and, 604;
flight of, 608; attempted restoration of,
614; IV 158
Christian III (Duke of Schleswig and Hol-
stein), King of Denmark and Norway, ii 77,
220, 229 sqq., 250, 444; becomes Lutheran,
611 ; and the struggle for the Crown, 614 ;
accession of, 615 ; the Reformation in
Denmark under, 615 sq. ; reign of, in
Norway, 619 ; peasant servitude and, iv
662 ; partition of Schleswig- Holstein and,
663; 564
IV, King of Denmark, and James I,
ra 669, 572 ; 644 ; 656 ; visions of, rv 6 ;
8 ; and German Protestantism, 26, 33, 70;
and the war of 1623-9, 85-109 passim,
191 ; Richelieu's grant to, 129 ; seeks
peace, 135 ; war of, with Sweden, 176 sq.,
179 ; and Gustavus Adolphus, 179 sq.,
182 sq., 186, 194, 211, 660; and the
Peace of Liibeck, 192 ; offers mediation
at Danzig, 193 ; John George of Saxony
and, 225 ; 233 ; 365 ; mediates at Ham-
burg, 387, 396; and at Osnabriick, 398,
402; signs Peace of Bromsebro, 390;
minority of, 664 ; character of, 665 ;
relations of, with Sweden, 666 ; failure
of, as reformer, 567 ; 568 ; 670 ; heroism
of, 571 ; decline of, 672 sq. ; death of,
573 ; 585 ; 676 ; compelled to lower
Sound dues, 703 ; 706 ; vi 735
V, King of Denmark, accession and
character of, v 561 ; war of, with Sweden,
44, 568, 570; and the Treaty of Fon-
tainebleau, 571 ; 578 sq.
VI, King of Denmark, vi 738 sq.;
741 sq.
VII, King of Denmark, vi 742 sqq. ;
746 sqq.; 755; viii 279; ix 48-
VIII, King of Denmark, xi 226 ; and
the crown of Norway, 680 sq. ; accession
and reign of, 693 sq. ; death of, 64
IX, Prince of Gliicksburg, afterwards
King of Denmark, named successor by
the London Conference, xi 226 sq. ; 338;
andSchleswig-Holstein,438sq., 696; 641;
XII 292 sq.
Prince of Denmark, death of (1647),
IV 573
Cistercian monk, first bishop of
Prussia, v 629
Christianae Religionis Institutio, by John
Calvin, ii 287 sq., 356 sqq., 363, 376
Christiania, occupied by the Swedes, v 583 ;
Charles XIV in, xi 681 ; 688 ; University
of, 700
Christianismi Restitutio, of Servetus, u
411
Christianopel, Peace of (1645), iv 572
Christiansborg, Slave Coast station, v 691
Christianstadt, Scanian fortress, vi 770
Christie, Charles, traveller in Asia, xii 800
Thomas, writer, viii 758
Christina, Queen of Sweden, birth of, iv
186 ; accession of, 223 ; Oxenstierna and,
224 ; instructions of Gustavus and, 220 ;
General Index,
296
Treaty of Wismar and, 370; 381; Fre-
derick William and, 384; Imperial over-
tures for Peace transmitted to, 391 ;
favours Salvius, 402 ; " satisfaction " of
militia of, 404 ; minority of, 568 sq. ;
Swedish finances under, 670; 572;
character of, 574 sq. ; and the Swedish
succession, 575; coronation of, 576;
abdication of, ih., v 146; iv 690; a pupil
of Descartes, 779, 786 sq.; v 564; 744;
and the Great Elector, 639, 641 ; ix 44
Christina of Schleswig-Holstein, Queen-con-
sort of Charles IX of Sweden, carries on
the government on death of Charles, iv
177; death of, 183
of Denmark. See Milan, Duchess of
of France, daughter of Henry IV,
III 685; marriage of, with Prince of
Piedmont, iv 129 ; Duchess of Savoy, 148
■ Princess Palatine (sister of Elector
Frederick IV), in 710
Christliches Biirgerrecht (league between
Zurich and Constance), ii 328-9
Christopherson, John, Bishop of Chichester,
editor of Philo, i 613, 616
Chrudim, Prussians at, vi 234
Chrysoloras, Manuel, Greek scholar, i 541
sq., 546
Chrzanovski, Adalbert, Polish oflBcer, x 468 ;
470; commands the Piedmontese army,
XI 93
Chuartschen, bridge of, destroyed, vi 282
Chuguchak, Eussian factories at, xii 796
Chuguieff, military insurrection in (1819),
X 438
Ch'un, Chinese prince, xii 501; 521
Ch'ung Chi, Manchu official, xii 501
Chung K'ing, opened to trade, xii 508, 512
Chunghow, Chinese ambassador to Eussia,
xii 503
Chuquet, Arthur, historian, xii 834
Ciiur, flight of Giammastino Visconti to,
rv 35 ; the Gotteshaus at, 36 sqq. ; Diet
at, 42; Catholics march on, 43, 44;
Protestants attack, ib.; Strafgericht in,
46 ; 47 sq. ; 52 ; Baldiron's march on,
65, 56; Eohan at, 61, 63
Carl Eudolf von Buol-Schauenstein,
Bishop of, deported, ix 202
Hartmann II, Bishop of, iv 35 sq.
• Freiherr Ortlieb von Brandis, Bishop
of, IV 36
Paul Ziegler, Bishop of, claims the
Valtelline, iv 36
Church Militant, The (by G. Herbert), it
768
Church rates, English, legislation concern-
ing, XI 345
Sir Eichard, x 176 ; joins the Greek
insurgents, 182; 202
Eichard William, Dean of St Paul's,
History of the Oxford Movement, xii
841
Churchill, John , Duke of Marlborough. See
Marlborough
Churchill, Lord Eandolph Henry Spencer,
Chancellor of the Exchequer, xii 45;
46
Churrem. See Eoxolana
Churubusco (Mexico), Scott's victory at
(1847), vn 396
Churwalden, Catholic district of, iv 43 sq.
Chusan, British occupation of, xi 808 sq. ;
818
Chuvas, rising of, vi 681
Chytraeus, David, Lutheran divine, in 174,
704 ^
Cialdini, Enrico, Italian general, xi 469;
534; 536; 642
Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino, founder of
the Accademia Jisico-matematica, v 740 sq.
Cibber, Colley, dramatist, v 129
Cibd, Caterina, Italian reformer, ii 392 sq
Francheschetto, i 110; 227; 233
Giovanni Battista. See Innocent VIII,
Pope
Giulio, plots against Genoa, ii S4
Ciceruacchio. See Brunetti, Angelo
Cienfuegos (Cuba), port of, blockaded, vii
678
Cilento, revolt at (1828), x 119
Cimarosa, Domenico, x 131
Cincinnati, settlers at, vii 357; trade of,
360; Abolitionists in, 387; threatened by
Confederates (1862), 507; Convention at
(1872), 640, (1876), 645
Cinq-Mars, Henry Coiffier de Euz^, Marquis
of, conspiracy and execution of, iv 151 sq.;
155
Cinthio. See Giraldi, Giovanbattista
Cintra, Convention of (1808), ix 137, 318,
441; revolt at, xi 573
Circassians, Eussians and, vi 674
Circles of the Empire {Reichskreise), i 294,
320 sq., 459
Cirillo, Neapolitan lawyer, vi 599
Cirilo, Fray, ex-General of the Franciscans,
X 222
Cisalpine Club, formation of, x 626
Eepublic, viii 589 sqq., 633, 639,
645; fall of, 657; frontier of, ix 69;
organisation of, 83 sqq. ; x 131 sq.
Cisneros, Garcia di. Abbot of Monserrat,
I 651; the Exercitatorio de la Vida
Espiritual, ii 657
Leonor de, Spanish martyr, ii 408
Marqu6s de, Spanish admiral, x
285 sq.
Ximenes de. See Ximenes, Cardinal
Cispadane Eepublic, viii 683, 588
Cistercians, 15th century reform of the,
in Spain, ii 399 ; in Brandenburg, v 619
Cisterna, Prince Emanuele della. See
Delia Cisterna.
City Point, held by Butler (1864), vn 616;
Grant at, 520; Lincoln at, 537, 644
Ciudad Eeal, Sebastiani defeats Cartaojal
at (1809), IX 450
Eodrigo, captured (1706), v 416;
del Parque's army falls back on, ix 466 ;
296
General Index,
besieged by Ney (1810), 458 sq. ; Mass^na
retreats to, 462, 463, 465 ; Wellington at,
468; revictualled by French, 469; Wel-
linRton again attacks, 470; capture of
(1812), 471
"Civil script," introduced into Eussia by
Peter the Great, v 631
Civilta Cattolica, Jesuit journal, xi 714 ;
718; 721
CivitEb Castellana, Neapolitan defeat at
(1798), VIII 652
Vecchia, occupied by the Imperialists
(1527), 11 56; water supply of, iii 438;
Stukeley sails from (1578), 597; Jesuits
land at, vi 372 ; 598 ; seized by Joseph
Bonaparte, ix 194 sq. ; xi 71 ; 122 ;
French troops recalled from, 496; xii
213; French frigate at, 239
Civitella, siege of (1527), u 91
Clameey, seized by the Democrats, xi 137
Clam-Martini5, Count, Bohemian politician,
XII 177; 188
Clancarty, Kichard le Poer Trench, 2nd
Earl of, at the Congress of Vienna, ix
580 ; 585 sqq.
Clan-na-Gael, in America, xii 75 sq.
Clanricarde, Ulick de Burgh (Bourke), 1st
Earl of, the MacWilliam, iii 584
Ulick Bourke (de Burgh), 5th Earl,
1st Marquis of, succeeds Ormonde as
Deputy (1650-2), iv 535
Clapperton, Hugh, African explorer, xii 807
Clare election, x 645 sq.
John Fitzgibbon, Earl of (Lord Chan-
cellor of Ireland), and Catholic Emanci-
pation, IX 678; Attorney-General, 693;
697 sqq., 701, 706
Clarenbach, Adolf, Lutheran martyr, ii 202
Clarence, George, Duke of, i 464 sq. ; u
447
William, Duke of. See William IV,
King of England
" Clarendon Code," v 97-103
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of, Koot-
and-Branch petition and, iv 292; 293;
on the attempt on the Five Members, 298 ;
on parties, 305; on the Ironsides, 312;
on Newcastle, 322; on the Self-denying
Ordinance, 326; with Prince of Wales at
Bristol, 328; on the troops, 334; 554;
King submits Monck's proposals to, 555
sq. ; on parliament, 558 ; on Monck, 559 ;
party of, 620 ; v 93 sq. ; and the religious
settlement, 96; 97; 100; charged with
high treason, 101 ; and Parliament, 102 ;
opposes acts against Irish trade, 104;
foreign policy of, ib. ; and the marriage
of Charles II, 105; 106; and the Dutch
war, 108; 113; the fall of, 114; exile of,
115; 136; 198; policy of, 199; 201 sq.;
231 ; Scottish Privy Councillor, 280 ; 305 ;
333; 745
Edward Hyde (Viscount Cornbury),
3rd Earl of, v 255; vi 17; Governor of
New York and New Jersey, vn 48
Clarendon, George William Frederick
Villiers, 4th Earl of (2nd cr.), vii 636 ;
British ambassador at Madrid, x 237;
Viceroy of Ireland, xi 13 ; Foreign Minis-
ter, 309; 313; 322; 632; and China,
822; XII 21; 23; 28
Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of. Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, v 284, 306; 247;
and the Revolution settlement, 249 sq.;
255 sq.
Clarete, Ibrahim. See Gonzalez Bravo
Clark, William, explorer, vii 326, 364
William Tierney, engineer, x 744
Clarke, Sir Alured, in Cape Colony, ix
749
Sir Andrew, Governor of the Straits
Settlements, xii 532 sq.
■ George Eogers, American general,
VII 221 sq.
Sir George Sydenham, xii 59
Henri-J.-G., Comte d'Hunebourg,
Marshal of France, Duo de Feltre, viii
582 ; receives the duchy of Feltre, ix 111 ;
136, 271; Minister of War, 303; 307;
X 47; 54
Richard, Major, defeats Karim Khan,
XI 726
Samuel, vi 77 sq.
Father, confessor of Philip V of
Spain, VI 145
Clarkson, Thomas, and the slave trade,
VI 188, 472
Clary, Count, Austrian statesman, xn 202
Classics, Renaissance discoveries and print-
ing of, I 550, 561 sq., 566, 576. See also
Renaissance
Clauberg, Johann, Cartesian philosophy
and, IV 789, 791
Claude, daughter of Louis XII of France,
afterwards Queen-consort of Francis I,
I 395, 454
Claudia, Archduchess, widow of Archduke
Leopold (1637), iv 375
Felicitas, Empress, 3rd wife of Leo-
pold I, V 211
Clausel, Comte Bertrand, Marshal of France,
pursued by Wellington, ix 473 ; 478 ; re-
tires to the Ebro, 474; pursues Mina,
476; opposed at the Dordogne, 617;
command of, 624; x 496; and the colo-
nisation of Algeria, 502 sqq.
Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel, and
the theory of heat, xii 784 sq.
Clavering, , Sir John, general, vi 571 sq.
Clavi^re, Etienne, assistant to Mirabeau,
viii 150; Minister of Finance, 223 sq.,
263, 339; suicide of, 357; 702
Clay, Henry, American statesman, vii
350, 367, 373 sq., 378; Tariff bill in-
troduced by, 382; 383 sq.; and Texas,
393 ; compromise resolutions of, 403 sqq.;
death of (1852), 418; 419
Clayborne, Maryland trader, vii 32 sq.
Clayton, John Middleton, American poli-
tician, vu 434
General Index,
297
Clayton -Bulwer Treaty (1850), vii 434,
649, 656
Clemanges, Nicholas de, i 618
Clemenceau, Georges - Benjamin - Eugene,
French statesman, xii 112 sq.; and the
Dreyfus affair, 120; 122; opposes social-
ism, 124; 126; 128
Clement V (Bertrand de Goth), Pope, i
620
VII (Giulio de' Medici), Pope, i
250, 353; ii 4-20; pontificate of, 21-8,
48-58; 143; Luther and, 171 sq. ; Charles
V and, 197, 203, 210, 219, 439; dislike of,
to the General Council, 216 sq. ; Francis I
and, 220, 440; Zurich and, 322 ; JoaoIII
and, 412, 414; 423 sq. ; the divorce of
Henry VIII and, 430-41 ; the Archbishop-
ric of Lund and, 610 ; church reform and,
642; the question of prohibited books
and, 687 ; iii 105 ; friendship with France,
110, 186; and Florence, 388, 470; 460;
466; 479; xii 705
VII (Kobert of Geneva), anti-Pope,
I 108
VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini), Pope,
the Index and, ii 687 sq.; iii 397; 416;
418; 445; 450; James I and, 554 sq.;
608; Henry IV and, 660, 667, 671, 677;
702; 710; 719; and Sweden, iv 170;
elected, 666; policy of, 667 sq.; death
of, ih.\ 686
IX (Giulio Kospigliosi), Pope, and
Charles II, of England, v 202 ; and Jan-
senism, 84, 89 sq.; 202; 420; and the
Peace of Baden, 454 sq. ; and the Prussian
monarchy, 665 sq. ; 743
XI (Giovanni Francesco Albani),
Pope, VI 97 ; 124 ; 131 ; 686 sq. ; and the
Bull UnigenituSf 688; 689; death of,
125
XII (Lorenzo Corsini), Pope, vi
150; 587 sqq.
XIII (Carlo Eezzonico), Pope, vi
421 ; 592 sq. ; death of, 594 ; Febronius
condemned by, x 158
XIV (Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio
Ganganelli), Pope, vi 348; 594 sq.
Bulgarian Metropolitan, xn 409
Saxon agent in Berlin, vi 206 sq.
Clement, Jacques, ni 47, 453, 766
Clercq. See Du Clercq
Clerfayt, Franpois-S.-C.-J. de Croix, Comte
de, Austrian general, viii 408, 417, 420,
435; succeeds Coburg, 436 sq., 442 sq.
Clerke, Sir Philip Jennings, vi450; 455 sq.
Clerkenwell, Fenian outrage in, xi 344,
xn 65, 75
Clermont, county of, ceded to France, v
33; rising at, x 492
Clermont, The famous voyage of (New York
to Albany, 1809), vii 692
Clermont, Jean-Baptiste Massillon, Bishop
of, V 80
Louis de Bourbon- Cond6, Count de,
VI 246; 248
Clermont-en-Auvergne, royal commission
at, V 16
Clermont-Tonnerre, Jules - Charles - Henri,
Due de, Commandant of Dauphin6, viii
112
Comte Stanislas de, and the elec-
tion of the States General, viii 131,
158, 173, 178, 183, 187; Report of 1789,
689, 733
Cleveland, Stephen Grover, President of
the United States, vii 653 sqq. ; and the
currency, 656 sq., 659 sq., 665, 668; 669;
and the Venezuelan dispute, 670 sqq.;
and Cuba, 675 ; xn 56 ; 687 sq.
Cleves, war of Charles V with (1543), n 77,
244; the French in, v 406, 650; 627 sq.;
640 sq. ; acknowledges sovereignty of
Brandenburg, 645; religious tolerance
in, 649; 655; 668; evacuated by the
French, vi 300; ceded to Murat, ix 262,
267, 409; democratic land reform in,
410; 624
Treaty of (1666), iv 408, v 645
. Adolf II, Duke of, i 424
Adolf of. See Eavenstein
Anne of. Queen of Henry VIII. See
Anne of Cleves
John I, Duke of, i 441
John (III) de La Marck, Duke of.
See Jiilich-Cleves-Berg
Philip of. See Eavenstein
Sibylla of. See Saxony
WilUam (V) de La Marck, Duke of.
See Jiilich-Cleves-Berg
Clifford, Sir Conyers, Governor of Con-
naught, m 323, 606-7
Lady Margaret, married to Andrew
Dudley, ii 511
Sir Eobert, i 468
of Chudleigh, Thomas, 1st Baron,
V 198; 201 sq. ; signs the Treaty of
Dover, 204; 205; Lord Treasurer, 207;
209; and the Test Act, 210; resigns,
333
Clifton, Jacobite force at, vi 115
Clinton, Edward Fiennes de Clinton, 9th
Baron, ii 545, 567
George, American statesman and
general, vii 373
■ Sir Henry, General, vn 173, 211, 215 ;
succeeds Howe (1778), 217; 220, 222,
224 sqq., 230
Henry Fynes, historian, xii 836
Sir William Henry, ix 297 ; general
in Portugal, x 321
Clive, Eobert Clive, Lord, in India, v 697 ;
Vol. VI, Chap. XV (3) passim: 438; death
of, 566
Clones, Owen O'Neill defeated at, iv 526
Clonmacnoise, meeting of Catholic clergy
at, IV 634 "^^
Clonmel, captured by William III (1690),
V 315 ; Eeconciliation meeting at (1828),
Clontarf, meeting at, prohibited, xi 8
298
General Index,
Clootz ('* Anacharsis"), Baron Jean Baptiste
du Val de Grace, leads a deputation to
the National Assembly, vm 171 ; ix 363
Clot Bey, and vaccination in Egypt, xii 451
Clouet.Jean-FranQois, professor of chemistry
at Mezieres, viii 483
Clough, Arthur Hugh, xi 352; 354
Clozel, African explorer, xii 130
Clubs, French Revolutionary. See Jacobins,
Feuillants, etc.
Clugny, William de, i 441 sq.
de Nuis, Jean-E.-B,, French Comp-
troller-general, VIII 74,^88
Clusius, Carolus. See L'Ecluse
Cluverius, Philip, iv 717
Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord, at Balaklava,
XI 319; 741; 746; at Lucknow, 748 sq.
Cnossus, discoveries at, xii 846
Coahuila, State of, vii 392, 394
Coalitions (against the French Revolution),
the first. Vol. viii. Chap, xiv passim, 398-
446 ; the second, Chap, xxi, 633-64 ; the
third. Vol. ix. Chaps, ix, x
Cobb, Howell, U.S.A. Secretary of the
Treasury, vii 447; 605
Cobbett, William, Political Register, ix
688 ; X 576 sq. ; 580 sq. ; in America,
582; and Bentham, 598; 599; in Parlia-
ment, 656; 675; and the growth of
London, 742
Cobden, Richard, x 680; 764; and Free
Trade, 771; and Adam Smith, 777; xi
2 sq. ; and the political parties, 20 ; 309 ;
and the Anglo-French commercial treaty,
333 sq., 470; 325 sq. ; 764; and China,
815; XII 745
Cobenzl, Count John Philip, Imperial Vice-
Chancellor, vi 652 sq. ; vm 329, 419,
536; and Partition of Poland, 548 sq.,
551; 591; at Rastatt, 641; succeeds
Thugut, 642, 644 sq. ; ix 184
Louis, Comte de, Austrian diplo-
matist, at St Petersburg, ix 41; 65; at
Paris, 66; 69, 79; Foreign Minister, 248;
replaced by Stadion, 262 ; 315
Coberger, Antony, of Niirnberg, printer,
I 634, 641
Cobham, Sir Henry, iii 34
Richard Temple, Viscount, vi 35 ; 70
Coblenz, Council of (1479), i 689; captured
by the French (1794), vm 437; the Prince
of Prussia at, xi 396
Coburg, Luther at, ii 211-4; Lannes near,
IX 275
See Saxe-Coburg
Cocceius (Koch), Johann, theologian, v
754 sq. ; 757
Cochabamba, province of, x 265; 268
Cochelet, Adrien-Louis, French consul-
general at Alexandria, x 567
Cochin, fortified by Portuguese, i 30; com-
mercial glory of, IV 743; lost to Portu-
guese, 744
Cocbius, Christian, Prussian Court preacher,
7 071
Cochlaeus, Joannes, German theologian,
I 684-5; II 168, 212, 251
Cochon de Lapparent, Comte Charles,
Minister of Police, vm 490, 504 sq., SOS",
610; transported, 512
Cochrane, Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis,
Lord, blockades Ferrol, ix 217; sails for
West Indies, 224; Rear-Admiral, 234;
attacks Brest, 238; harries Duhesme in
Catalonia, 239
John, explores Siberia, xii 794
Thomas, Earl of Dundonald. See
Dundonald
Cockburn, Admiral Sir George, conducts
Napoleon to St Helena, ix 757
Cockerill, John, engineer, x 744 ; 753 ; 767
Cocks, Richard, the Dutch and, iv 734; at
Firando, 740
Coconato, Count Annibale, adventurer, m
23-4
Coddington, William, founder of Aquednok,
vu 20, 24
Codes of law, English, Peel's reforms in
criminal law, x 685; penal, in England
and Ireland, 620 sqq. ; French, Code
Louis, V 16; projects of the civil, at
the end of the Revolutionary period,
VIII 740 sqq.; penal, beginnings of, at
the same time, 742 sqq. ; criminal, ib. ;
of Napoleon : — the Civil, ix 150 sqq. ;
the Criminal, 171 sqq.; the Penal, 175
sqq. ; the Commercial, 176 sqq. ; Code
Noir, French Canadian, vii 101 ; in Italy,
the Napoleonic abolished, x 137; Con-
salvi's attempt to get a new Civil Code,
138 ; Russian, Catharine II's, vi 686 sqq. ;
attempts at codification from 1804-15, x
417 sq. ; Svod Zakonoff, xi 264 ; in Spanish
America, Cedulas, x 250; 254 sqq.; Turk-
ish, "Pearl" and Multeka-ul-Ubhar, i 98
Codrington, Christopher, Governor of the
Leeward Islands, v 690
Sir Edward, British admiral, and
the battle of Navarino, x 195-6; 197;
201
Sir William John, General, xi 322
Codure, John, Jesuit, ii 652 sqq. ; iii 585-6
Coeur, Jacques, French merchant, i 409,
414, 503, 504 sq.
Coeuvres, Annibal d'Estr^es, Marquis de,
Marshal of France, occupies the Valtei-
line, IV 58 sq,, 41, 129, 674 sq.
Coeverden, Dutch success at (1672), v 160
Cognac, Huguenot leaders at (1569), in 12;
League of (1526), ii 24, 52; effect of, on
Charles V's German policy, 197; 427, 512
Coigni, Francois de Franquetot, Comte de,
Marshal of France, vi 153 sq. ; 240
Coimbra, University of, vi 388, xn 271;
Moore's march into Spain by way of,
IX 443 ; occupation of, by Mass^na, 461 ;
X 315; 322; Dom Miguel at, 335; 3B6
Coinage and currency, English, debased
under Henry VIII, ii 470 ; English Mint
and Re-coinage Act (1696), v 268 sq.;
General Index.
299
currency difficulties between England
and the American colonies, vii 68 sq. ;
English (1793-7), ix 675 sq. ; settlement of
(1819), X 587 ; the bimetallic question, xii
60; French (c. 1792), vin 702 sq.; under
Napoleon I, ix 121 sq. ; Indian, decline of
silver and its results in India, xii 483 sq. ;
Prussian, under Frederick the Great,
VI 710 sq.; Eussian, reformed (1700), v
628 ; after the revolutionary wars, x 414
sq. ; after 1856, xii 323 ; Spanish, in the
late 15th and early 16th centuries, i 357 ;
in New Spain, x 258 ; Swedish, debased,
II 622; in the United States during the
Civil War, vii 569 sq., 607, 612 sq.,
616 sqq.; after the war, 631, 643; 657,
668 sqq.
Coke, Sir Edward, Chief Justice, and
agrarian legislation, ii 469 ; iii 563 sqq. ;
Parliament and, iv 263, 269 ; Petition
of Eight and, 270; v 252; Hobbes and,
VI 792
Sir John, ni 567 sqq.
Colalto, Count Eainbold von, Imperialist
general, iv 60 ; besieges Mantua, 136
Colberg, Gneisenau's defence of, ix 332
Colbert, Charles. See Croissy, Marquis
de
Jean-Baptiste, Marquis de Seignelay
(controleur general), Minister under Maz-
arin, iv 621 sq.; under Louis XIV, v 1,
4 sq. ; and Fouquet, 6 ; character and
aims of, 6 sqq.; and taxation reforms,
8 sq.; industrial and commercial pro-
jects of, 10 sqq.; and war with Hol-
land, 10; and French colonies, 13, 684;
and internal customs of France, 13 ;
and improvement of canals and roads,
14 ; and French navy, 14 ; creates five
new Academies, 15; and administration
of justice, 16; rivalry of, with Louvois,
16 sq. ; 22 ; 25 ; and the municipalities,
27; 39; and the dispute with the
Papacy, 85; 200; and African trade, 692 ;
and India, 702; and the Academie des
Sciences, 741; death of, 17, 28; vi 224;
532 ; 639 ; and the (French) Company of
the West, vii 70, 78 sqq. ; policy of, in
Canada, 84 sq., 109; in West Indies,
85 sq. ; viii 8, 37, 69 ; ix 176 ; 362
Jean-Baptiste (the younger). See
Seignelay, Marquis de
Comte de, French ambassador at
St Petersburg, ix 103
Colbjornsen, Christian, Danish Procurator-
general, VI 766
Colborne, Sir John, 1st Baron Seaton,
General, at Waterloo, ix 640
Colchester, siege of (1648), iv 349 sqq.;
the plague in, v 110
Charles Abbot, 1st Lord, Chief
Secretary for Ireland (1801), Speaker of
the House of Commons (1802), ix 706;
x634
Cold Harbour, Sheridan seizes, vu 519
Coldstream, Monck at, iv 547
Guards, v 113
Cole, Dr Henry, expelled from New Col-
lege, II 501 ; at Colloquy of Westminster,
568
Colebrooke, 'Henry Thomas, xn 845
Coleman, Edward, and the Popish Plot, v
220 sqq.
Colenso, British reverse at, xn 642
John William, Bishop of Natal, xi
788; xn774
Coleraine, plantation of, iii 614 ; offered to
City of London, 615 ; fugitives in, v 307
sq.; 309
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, v 122; vi 829;
832; 836 sq. ; viii 641, 766 sqq.; x 600;
704 sqq.; 710; 713 sq. ; 716; 720; 722;
725; XI 347; 365
Colesberg Kopje, diamonds discovered at,
XI 787
Colet, John, Dean of St Paul's, i 491, 580,
644
Colettis, Joannis, Greek statesman, x 606
Colfax, Schuyler, American statesman, vii
653
Coligny, Gaspard de. Admiral of France,
I 48, 50, 56 ; ii 92, 295 ; at the Assembly
of Notables, 298, 302 sq.; at St Quentin,
647; in 2, 4, 6, 6-14, 16-20, 224, 232,
285
Louise de, 4th consort of William of
Orange. See Orange
Jean de Coligny- Savigny, Comte de,
French general, v 347
Odet de. See Chatillon
Colladon, Jean Daniel, physicist, xi 260
College, Stephen, conviction of, v 228
CoUegiants, a community of Eemonstrant
dissenters, v 754
Collegium Germanicum, set up in Eome,
n 655; (1552), ra 149, 161, 178; and
the German Jesuit colleges, iv 4
Romanum, founded under Julius III,
II 655; in 424
CoUegno, Giacinto di, x 114 sq.
CoUenbach, Eeichsfreiherr Heinrich Gabriel
von, Austrian diplomatist, vi 346
Colletta, Pietro, Italian historian, x 111;
113; 125; xii 842
Colley, Sir George Pomeroy, in South
Africa, xii 39; 637
Collier, Sir George, vice-admiral, vi 449
Jeremy, v 128; 130
Eobert Porrett. -See Monks well, Lord
CoUings, Jesse, xii 43
Collingwood, Cuthbert, 1st Baron, viii
454, 463; Vice- Admiral, ordered to sail
for West Indies, ix 224; meeting of
Nelson with, 225; blockades Cadiz, 227;
commands half the fleet at Cadiz, 229;
in command at Trafalgar, 230; 233;
compared with Nelson, 233 ; 237 ; 239
Collins, David, Lieutenant-Governor of
New South Wales, ix 740
Eichard Henn Collins, Lord, xu 721
300
General Index.
Collins, Samuel, physician to the Tsar
Alexis, V 613
William, poet, vi 824; 828; 830;
832; 834 sq.; x 698 sq.
CoUi-Eicci, Baron Louis-L.-G. Venance de,
Sardinian general, vm 438, 444, 668,
665, 567
Colloredo, Badolf, Graf von Waldsee, Im-
perial Field- Marshal, iv 240 ; at Prague,
394
Colloredo-Mansfeld, Jerome, Count von,
guards Bohemia, ix 633
Colloredo-Waldsee, Count Francis C. von,
Austrian diplomatist, xi 252
Collot, French banker, viii 677
d'Herbois, Jean-Marie, vm 226,
246 sq., 264 ; on the Gomite de Salut
Public, 344, 349 sqq., 358, 360, 362; and
the fall of Kobespierre, 364 sq., 369, 374
sq. ; trial of, 380, 384 ; deported, 385
Colmar, ceded to the French, iv 143 ; Ber-
nardino army at, 383 ; victory of Turenne
at (1675), V 44
Colocci, Angelo, Koman patron of literature,
nl5
Cologne, early political insignificance of,
I 299; Diet of (1505), 316 sqq., (1512),
320; Catholicism in, iii 156, 160;
171, 180; Electorate of, invaded by
Prince Maurice, 673; peace congress at,
704-5 ; centre of Dutch immigration,
705 ; troubles in Electorate of, 707 ;
Canons of, at Strassburg, 709 ; Matthias'
policy of repression in, iv 11; death of
Mary de' Medici at, 139; congress at,
398; and Avaux, 398; Chigi Nuncio at,
402; commercial and industrial insig-
nificance of, 420; conferences at (1636),
688; treaty of, with Louis XIV (1671),
V 42; peace conference at (1673), 43;
election of archbishop of, 64 sq., 63;
war of, with the United Provinces, 157
sq.; peace signed (1674), 161; 435; cap-
tured by the French (1794), vni 437;
Electorate of, ix 93; Lutheran con-
sistories at, 204 ; cessions to Prussia in,
657; Cardinal Pacca at, x 134, 355;
revolutionary movement at, xi 157
Baron Clemens August von Droste-
Vischering, Archbishop of (1835), x 381 ;
XI 50
Electors of: —
Clement Augustus of Bavaria, vi
202
Ernest of Bavaria, election of, in
708; obtains Miinster, 709; 711 sq.; 719;
731 sq.
Ferdinand of Bavaria, iv 83 ; 91; 210 ;
appeal of, to France, 226; the peace
negotiations of 1G34-5 and, 252 ; truce of
XJlm and, 391; Maximilian of Bavaria
and, 398; Hildesheim ceded to, 408
Frederick III of Saarwerden (1372),
I 669
Gebhard I von Mansfeld, in 166
Cologne, Electors of (contd.) : —
Gebhard II Truchsess von Wald-
burg, III 707, 709
Hermann of Hesse (d. 1508), 3rd son
of Landgrave Louis II (d. 1458), i 316
Hermann von Wied, n 40, 239, 243,
251 sq., 259, 682; iii 707
Joseph Clement, v 53 sqq.; 404; 455
Maximilian Henry, Bishop of Hil-
desheim and Li6ge, iv 426; supports
Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria, 430; v 64
MaximiHan, Archduke of Austria,
vm 313
Salentin of Isenburg resigns, iii 707
Coloma (California), gold at, vn 400
Colombe, Michel (French sculptor), i 414
Colombey, battle of, xi 689
Colombia, Bepublic of (New Granada,
Venezuela and Ecuador), vii 368; pro-
claimed by Bolivar (1819), x294; 295 sq.;
divided into three Eepublics, 297 ; attitude
of the Indians in, 299 ; independence of,
308 sq.
Kepublic of (New Granada), U.S.
Treaty with, rejected (1869), vii 637;
purchases Swedish war-ships, xi 683 ; xii
672 sq.; 684; and the United States,
685 sq.; 690; 692 sqq.; 696; and the
Panama Canal, 698 sqq.
Colombo, held by the Portuguese, rv 744
Bartolomeo, i 21 sq.
Cristoforo, discovery of New World
by, I 7, 21-4; 11, 34 sqq., 65
Colombus, Eealdus, v 725
Colomera, Martin, Spanish general, vm 440
Colon, railway in, xii 685
Colonia del Sacramento, settlement of, vi
391 ; smuggling post, x 258 ; captured by
Indian militia (1706), 270
Colonial Association (German), xn 159; 658
Colonisation and Colonies, Belgian, King
Leopold II and, xii 255 sq.; of late
years, ib., Chap, xx passim
Danish, in the West Indies, vi 186
Dutch, in the earlier half of the
17tli century, iv 703 sqq. ; see Chap, xxv.
The transference of colonial power to the
United Provinces and England, 728-59;
Vol. V, Chap. XXII passim; in the 18th
century, vi 186 sqq. ; in East India, in
the 19th century, xi 667 sq. ; in S. Africa,
778-89 ; of late years, see Vol. xii, Chap.
XX passim
English, early schemes of colonisa-
tion in the New World, see Vol. i, Chap, n ;
see Vol, IV, Chap, xxv. The transference of
colonial power to the United Provinces
and England, 728-59 : toleration in, v 101;
Council for Foreign Plantations formed
(1660), 107; Chap, xxupassim; Walpole's
policy in regard to, vi 50 sqq.; after
Walpole's fall, 53 sqq. ; Chap, vi, Finan-
cial experiments and colonial develop,
ment, 168-90; and their relations with
the French in India and America, Vol.
General Index,
301
Colonisation and Colonies {contd.)
VI, Chap. XI passim, 329-60; in America,
and French rivalry, 410 sqq.; schemes
of colonial federation, 412 sq.; in America,
18th century fiscal policy and its results,
Chap. XIII (2) passim, 423-56 ; in America,
see Vol. Yii, The United States, Chaps,
i-vu ; see Vol. ix, Chap, xxiii (ii) (1783-
1815); removal of trade restrictions con-
cerning, X 586 sq. ; Chap, xxi, Canada,
passim, 685-95; Adam Smith and, 765;
policy of 1841-52 concerning, xi 16 sq. ;
and Mr Joseph Chamberlain's policy, xii
57 ; in the Malay Peninsula, 531 sqq. ;
see Vol. XI, Chap, xxvii, Great Britain
and her Colonies, 754-801 ; of late years,
see Vol. XII, Chap, xx passim, 602-71 ;
boundary of British Guiana, 687 sq.
European in general, preparation
for the wide extension of, in Africa, the
East and America, Vol. i. Chap, i. The
Age of Discovery, 1-36; characteristics
and fate of first schemes of colonisation ;
see Chap, n. The New World, 37-66;
reaction of, on the Old World, i6. 47 sqq.;
Vol. VI, Chap. VI, Financial experiments
and colonial development, 168-90; of
late years, see Vol. xn. Chap, xx, 602-71
French, early schemes of colonisation
in New World, see Vol. i. Chap, ii ; under
Colbert, v 12 sqq. ; Chap, xxn passim ;
Vol. VI, Chap. VI, Financial experi-
ments and colonial development, 168-90 ;
and their relations with the English
in India and America, Chap, xi passim,
329-60; Choiseul's relation to, 351 sq. ; in
America, and English rivalry, 410 sqq.;
Vol. vn, Chap, iii, The Fren«h in America
(1608-1744), 70-113; Chap, iv, Conquest
of Canada (1744-61), 114-43; effects of
the Bevolution in, viii 193 sq.; taken by
English (1803-15), xx 240 ; projects of the
Consulate, 419 sqq., see also L'Ouverture,
Toussaint; in N. Africa from 1834), x 603
sqq. ; since 1870, especially in Africa and
Indo-China, xii 128 sqq. ; in Annam, 523
sqq.; colonial policy in Siam, 536; of
late years, see Chap, xx passim, 602-71
German, early colonial activity of
Brandenburg, v 646-7; beginnings of
modern German colonial policy, xn 159
sqq. ; see Chap, xx passim
Italian, in Africa, the Colonia Eritrea,
xn 240 sq.
Japanese, in Formosa, etc., xn 572
sqq.
Portuguese, in the Age of Discovery,
see Vol. I, Chap, i; in New World, see
Chap. II ; see Vol. iv, Chap, xxy passim.
The transference of colonial power to
the United Provinces and England, 728-
69 ; Vol. V, Chap, xxn passim ; in the 18th
century, vi 187, 189; see also Brazil;
in the 19th century, xi 575 ; from 1875,
xn 270 ; of late years, see Chap, xx passim
Colonisation and Colonies (contd.)
Scottish, in New Jersey, vn 47 sq. ;
in the Carolines, 56; in Georgia, 62; in
Acadia, 75, 112 sq. ; Darien Scheme, v
296 sq.
Spanish, in the New World, see Vol.
I, Chap. II ; under Philip IV and Olivares,
IV 655 sq. ; see Chap, xxv passim. Trans-
ference of colonial power to United
Provinces and England, 728-59 ; Vol. v,
Chap, xxn passim ; declining energy
of, VI 186; 189; under Charles III, 373*;
Falkland Islands dispute, ib.; condition
of, and Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
(1818), vn 366 sq.; Vol. x, Chap, vra,
Spanish Dominions in America, passim,
244-79; Chap, ix, The establishment of
independence in Spanish America, passim,
280-309; loss of remainder of, xii 264
sqq.; in Philippine Islands, 528 sqq.; of
late years, see Chap, xx passim, 602-71;
end of Spanish dominion in Continental
America, 689 sqq.
Swedish, in America, vn 40, 55, 57,
702
Venetian, see Vol. i, Chap, vin passim
Colonna, family of the, attack on Borne by,
II 53 sqq.
Fabrizio, 1 124; captured at Bavenna,
137, 250
Fadrique, Prince of Butera, at
Tarragona, rv 649
Marco Antonio, Cardinal Archbishop
of Taranto, ni 135 ; 431 ; 444
Pompeio, Cardinal, Bishop of Bieti,
I 249 ;n 21, 57, 67
Prospero, and Lombardy campaign,
n 44, 47 sq.
Vittoria. See Pescara, Marchioness
of
Colorado, part of, ceded to United States,
VII 397 ; and the currency question, 673 ;
population of, 711; women's franchise
in, XII 763
Colorno, Austrian check at, vi 154
Colpoys, John, Admiral, vm 473, 475, 478
Colquhoun, Archibald Boss, in China, xn
796 sq.
Colson, John, mathematician, v 718
Coltbridge, Gardiner's Horse at, vi 112
Columba, St, at lona, i 535
Columbanus, St (d. 615), i 535
Columbia, district of, vn 316; slavery in,
388, 402 sqq., 685 sqq.; Volunteer Militia
of, 448
(S. Carolina), Sherman at (1865),
vn 528 sq.; Sheridan at, 537
Biver, exploration of, vn 326, 364;
371, 395; operations on (1861-2), 494
Columbus (Kentucky), occupied by Con-
federates, vn 462 sq. , 492 sqq.; evacuated.
495, 497, 559
Christopher. See Colombo
Colyille, Sir Charles, General, at Hal, xx
via
0. M. H.
19
302
General Index,
Golvin, Sir Anckland, Financial Adviser to
the Egyptian Government, xn 438
Colyer, Count, Dutch diplomatist, vi 32
Comacchio, occupied by Austrians, vi 686
sq., X 137, 155
Combe, Abraham, and socialism, xii 758
Combermere, Sir Stapleton Cotton, Vis-
count, Commander-in-chief in India, xi
729
Combes, Justin-Louis-Emile, French states-
man, xn 113; 121 sq.
Combination, repeal of laws concerning,
X 585; modification of the repeal, ib.
Combray, Marquise de, ix 136
Comenius, John Amos, educational in-
fluences of, IV 424
Comere, Mahy de, Baron de, treatise on
finance of, viii 69
Comite de Defense Generale, formed, vin
263; 268 sq.
de Salut Public, first (April 6, 1793),
VIII 269, 274 sq., 338 sqq., 426; second
(July 10, 1793— July 27, 1794), 343 sqq.,
Chap. XII passim; reconstructed (July,
1794), 375; sphere of, reduced, 376;
members of, increased to sixteen, 385;
power of, increased, 387 sq., 393; and
military affairs, 426; 465, 472; and the
conquest of Italy, 556, 561 sqq.
de Burets Generale, vni 349 sq.,
356, 360, 362, 364, 367, 376 sq. ; sphere
of, reduced, 376
Commendone, Giovanni Francesco, Car-
dinal, Bishop of Zante, Queen Mary and,
II 519 ; mission to Poland of, 637 ; 681;
papal nuncio, in 82 sqq. ; 172, 176
Commines, Jeanne de. Dame de Hallewin,
I 439
Philip de, i 109; ambassador to
Venice, 115, 282; cited, 200, 228; 393,
403 ; as historian and prose-writer, 415 ;
422, 426, 430, 438, 440; xii 830
Commission de Douze, viii 272 sqq.
Committee on the Conduct of the War
(U.S.A. 1861), VII 469
Common Life, Brethren of the. See Brethren
of the Common Life
Penny {Gemeiner Pfennig), 1 304 sqq.,
317
Commonwealth, the English (1649). See
under England, Vol. iv
Commune of Paris, viii 225 sq., 228,
230, 235, 238, 240; dissolved (Aug. 30,
1792), 241; reinstated (Sept. 1), 242,
245; struggle of the Gironde and, 250
sqq., 272 sq.; and the maximum, 271;
338 sq. ; power of, 358, 360
Communes, French, duties and powers of,
before the Eevolution, viii 41 sq.
Eussian, in the 15th and 16th cen-
turies, V 492 sq.
Comnenus, David, last Emperor of Tre-
bizond, i 78, 82
John IV, Emperor of Trebizond, 1 78
Manuel I, Emperor of the East, i 271
Como, Cardinal of, Tolomeo Gallio, Bishop
of Martarano, Secretary of State under
Philip II, m 288
Compagnacci (Florentine faction), i 169,
174 sq., 181
Company of Equinoctial France, vii 79
of Foreign Merchants, the Dutch,
formed in 1594, iv 729
of the Indies. See East India Com-
pany (French)
for the Islands of America, the
French, iv 758; vn 70, 74, 78
of New France, vii 70, 73 sq.
of Eoyal Adventurers trading to
Africa, v 691
of St Domingo, vii 91
of Scotland trading to Africa and
the Indies, vi 91
of the West, Colbert's (1664), vn
70, 79, 90. See also East India Com-
pany (French)
of the West (Law's). See Missis-
sippi Company
Compi^gne, Edict of (1557), ii 294; the
Queen-Mother at, iv 139; treaty at
(1635), 144, 251, 365, 370; treaty at
(1624), 675; negotiations at (1756), vi 338
Complutensian Polyglot, i 380, 578, 603,
640, 651; ii 400
Compostella, fifteenth century pilgrimages
to, n 105 sq.
Comprehension Bill (1689), failure of, v 337
"Compromise," The (1566), m 201-3
" Compromise of 1850," The, vii 403 sqq.
Compte Rendu, Necker's (1781), vni 74, 77,
94; Lambert's (1788), 75 sq., 109 sq.
Compton, Henry, Bishop of London, v 233
sq.; 242; 255; suspended, 335; vii 59
Comte, Auguste, xi 365; 626; 707; xii
93; 850
FrauQois-Charles-Louis, editor of Le
Censeur, ix 569-70
Comuneros (Spanish), revolt of the, i 367,
372 sqq.
Concha, Jos^ Gutierrez de La. See La
Havana, Marques de
Manuel de La. See Del Duero,
Marques
Conciliatore, Italian review, x 124
Concini, Bartolomeo, Minister of Cosimo I,
m 388
Concino, afterwards Marquis of
Ancre, and the Princes, iv 121 ; receives
Normandy, 122 ; Eichelieu and, 123 sq. ;
murder of, ib.; 128
Leonora, iv 121
Condone (Venetian Assembly), i 270
Concord (Mass.), stores at, captured (1775),
VII 165
Concordats, political theory underlying, in
758; era of, from 1816, x 139 sqq.: of
the Emperor Frederick III and Pius II
(1448), I 299, 687 sqq.: French, of
Francis I and Leo X (1516), 388 sq. ;
II 32, 38, 95, 281; abolished (1561), 300;
General Index.
303
III 659; V 77; Napoleon I's, Vol. ix,
Chap, vn, 180-207; remains in force
(1818), X 56; and Jules Ferry, xn 116:
Italian, of 1803, ix 189 sq. : Neapolitan,
negotiations for, begun (1738), vi 588;
590: with the Kingdom of the Nether-
lands (1827), X 527: with Eussia, Alex-
ander I's in regard to Warsaw, etc., 424 :
Sardinian (1727), vi 589 sq. : Spanish,
of 1851, XI 558, 709
Concordia (Lutheran), drawn up by Jacob
Andreae, ni 173
CJond^, taken by the French (1676), v 44;
45 ; and the Barrier Treaties, 457 sq. ;
captured by the Allies (1793), viii 347,
430 ; claimed by Austria, ih. ; recaptured
by France (1794), 436
Charlotte (de Montmorency), Prin-
cess of, wife of Henry II, in 643, 692
Claire-C16mence (de Br6z6), Princess
of, wife of Louis II, conduct of, during
the Fronde, iv 610 ; 613 ; follows Cond6
to Flanders, 618
Henry I de Bourbon, Prince of, iii
12, 19, 25 sqq., 155, 174, 224, 451
Henry II de Bourbon, Prince of, in
668 sq. ; joins League of Princes, iv 119 ;
marches to Poitou, 121; arrested, 122
sqq. ; release of, 126 ; in central France,
127; sent against Eohan, 133; adheres
to Bichelieu, 134; at Eoussillon, 148,
645; member of Council of Eegency,
593; and New France, vii 72
Henri-Jules de Bourbon, Prince of
(Due d'Enghien), v 349
Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of,
becomes a Huguenot, ii 295, 297; ar-
rest and condemnation of, 298 sq., 302;
and the tumult of Amboise, 576; in 1
sqq.; killed at Jarnac, 12
Louis II de Bourbon (Due d'Enghien) ,
Prince of, trained in wars of Louis XHI,
IV 149 ; besieges D61e, 370 sq. ; victory of,
at Eocroi, 388, 594, 659 ; and Mercy, 389,
597; victory of, at Allerheim, 390, 697;
542 ; takes Thionville, 595 ; Orleans and,
596 ; in sole command, 598 ; at Dunkirk,
599, 703; rival of Yen dome, 601; at
Court, 606 sq.; character of, 608; Eetz
and, 609; 610; First Fronde and, 611;
imprisonment of, 612 sq, ; supremacy of,
614 ; Second Fronde and, 615 sqq. ; Spain
and, 619, 660; Treaty of Pyrenees and,
620 ; at Seneff , v 44, 161 ; 45 ; in Franche
Comte, 200, 373; 256; 340; and the
Polish Crown, 349 sq.; 411; 650; vi 191
Louis-Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of,
emigrates (1789), viii 165; 511; ix 40
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, French
philosopher, vi 825; xi 520
Condi vi, Ascanio, ii 34
Condorcet, M.-J.-A.-N.-Caritat, Marquis de,
viii 214, 249 ; at the King's trial, 259 sq. ;
suicide of, 357 ; Avii aux EspagnolSy 783 ;
700; xn 817
Condore, English victorjT at, vi 548
Conegliano, Austrian army at, xi 86
Cima da, Venetian artist, i 284
Confalonieri, Count Federigo, x 117-9;
124; XI 75 sq.
Confederate States of America, formed
(1861), vn 449; leaders in, 603 sqq.;
finance in. Chap, xix
Confederates, Irish Catholic organisation,
IV 625 sqq.
Confession of Augsburg. See Augsburg,
Confession of
of Faith, Calvin's, n 295
Conflans, Treaty of (1465), i 389
Hubert de Brienne-Conflans, Comte
de (Marshal Conflans), in the Northern
Circars, vi 548
Confraternities, religious, in Germany, n
108, 122
Confutatiomhuch (1559), m 163
Congo, French, xn 130; 343
Conference, xn 161
Free State, xn 3; 5; 130; Leopold II
and, 255 sq. ; 658 ; 661 ; administration
of, 662 sq. ; 810
Eeform Association, xn 663
river, discovery of, i 17; vi 187;
the French on, xn 3, 130; 658 sqq.;
explorers on, 806, 810 sq.
Congregation of Jesus Christ, n 658, 573
sqq.
Congregations of Cardinals, instituted by
Sixtus V, m 446 sq.
Congress, of the (later) United States, First
Continental (1774), vn 160 sqq., 181 sq.,
187 sq., 201; Second (1775), 166 sq.;
Third (1776), 173 sq., 207, 209, 235;
composition of the, 237
Congresses (Confederate), vn 605 sqq.
Gongressi degli Scienziati, xi 68
Congreve, William, dramatist, v 128 ; 130 ;
132 sq. ; Incognita by, 136
Coni, defence of, vi 241; occupied by the
French, vni 567
Coningsby, Thomas, Baron {afterwards
Earl) Coningsby, Irish Lord Justice, v
320
Conjeveram, Munro at, vi 676
Conjuration du 9 Mars^ vni 267 sq.
Conkling, Eoscoe, American politician, vn
649 sq., 653
Connan, Franpois, Calvin and, n 351
Connaught, religious affairs in, ni 593;
condition of (1592) , 604; and the ' * Graces,"
IV 517; and the rebellion of 1641-2,
523 sqq. ; Parliamentary party in, 630 ;
O'Neill withdraws to, 631; final settle-
ment of, 536 sq.; remains tranquil in
1798, IX 702
Prince Arthur, Duke of, visits China,
xn 508
Conuecte, Thomas, Carmelite and wander-
ing preacher, i 676 sq.
Connecticut, English colony of, rv 747;
trade of, vi 447 ; settlement of, vn 18 sq.,
19—2
304
General Index,
22; regicides in, 26; charter of, ih., 31;
and Governor Andros, 29 ; defence of, 42 ;
53; population of, 54; religions conditions
in, 57; education in, 58; effect of the
Stamp Act in, 149 ; disaffection in, 163 ;
British raid into (1779), 220; constitution
of, 237; and custom dues, 243; and the
Constitutional Convention, 246 sq., 250,
258, 260, 271, 281, 283 ; cessions in, 308 ;
336; trade of, 355; Abolition in, 361,
377, 388 ; negro suffrage in, 629 ; Demo-
crats in, 631
Gonnello, "undertakers" in, in 599
Connewitz, engagement at (1813), ix 535
Cono, Johann, edits St Jerome, i 607
ConoUy, Arthur, in Central Asia, zn
800 sq.
Conqueret, College of, in 54
Conquistador 68, the Spanish, in 546
Conrart, Valentin, literary meetings at
house of, in Paris, iv 156
Conring, Hermann, German historian and
jurist, scientific work of, iv 424; xn
816
Consalvi, Ercole, Cardinal, comes to Paris
(1801), IX 184; 191; claims homage for
Naples, 194; resignation, i6. ; refuses to
be present at Napoleon's marriage, 197;
603; at Congress of Vienna, 586, x 2,
134 sq. ; career of, 131 ; Secretary of Papal
Conclave (1800), 132; position, influence
and character of, 132 ; first administration
of, 133 ; at Paris and Reims, ih. ; opposes
Napoleon, i6. ; reinstated as Secretary of
State, 134; opposes reactionary measures,
ib. ; and Metternich, 135 sq. ; and the
secret societies, 135; and administrative
scheme of (1816), 136; and the brigands,
138; opposition to, 139; foreign policy
of, 139 sqq. ; and the revolutionary move-
ments, 150 ; and the policy of non-inter-
vention, ih. ; death of, 151 ; and Leo XII,
152; 153; 165; O'Connell and, 635
Conscience, Hendrik, Flemish novelist, xi
673; 676
Conscription. See Armies
Conseil d^Etat^ v 3
des Anciens, formed, vm 393 sq.,
489 sq. ; chief members of, 507 ; and the
Coup d'etat of 18 Fructidor, 509, 512;
670 sqq.; and Brumaire, 676 sqq., 680
sqq. See also Corps L€gislatif
des Cinq-Cents, formed, vm 393,
395, 489, 492; prominent members of,
506 ; and the Coup d'etat of 18 Fructidor,
509, 512 ; 670 sqq. ; and Brumaire, 677
sq., 680 sqq. See also Corps L6gislatif
des Depeches, v 3
des Finances^ v 3
Prive, V 3
Consensus Tigurinus, of Bullinger and
Calvin (1549), u 340
Consid^rant, Victor- Prosper, x 499 ; xi 113
Consiglio dei Fregadi (Venetian Senate),
I 271 sq.
Consilium de Emendanda Ecclesia (1537),
n 33, 379, 643
super Reformatione Sanctae Romanae
Ecclesiae (1537), n 614
Consistory, The, of Calvin, n 374 sq.
Consolato del Mare^ ix 43
Constance, Council of (1414-8), i 295, 620,
623, 655, 677; n 107, 128, 281; Diet of
(1507), I 317 ; refuses to publish the Edict
of Worms, ii 160; the Peasants' Bevolt
and, 179; the TetrapoUtana and, 212;
the fathers of, m 758, 764 ; Horn at, iv
231, 232; ix 67; bishopric of, ceded to
Baden, 94, x 361 ; and the revolutionary
movement, xi 145; 221
Hugo von Hohenlandenberg, Bishop
of, n 316, 324, 328, 329
Constans, Jean - Antoine - Ernest, French
statesman, xn 112; 119; 125
Constant de Eebecque, Ilenri-Benjamin,
vm 507; 677; ix 16; 24, 427; and Le
Censeur, 669-70; x 40; political views
of, 41; Acte-Additionnel drafted by, 42;
45; supports the Government, 51, 60;
64; and the Minerve, 65; 69; 61; and
the new electoral schemes, 64; 67; opposes
new Press Law, 77, 89; opposes com-
pensation for the emigres, 86; Adolphe,
102; 103; and the Eevolution of 1830,
477; XI 519
Constantino, taken by the French (1837), x
604; province of, xn 129
" Constantiue, Donation of," proved spurious
by Valla, i 546, 602 ; ra 760
Constantino VIII and Constantino IX
(Monomakhos), Emperors of Rome, and
the Tsars, v 483 sq.
XII, Palaiologos, Emperor of Rome,
V 482
Paulovich, Grand Duke of Russia,
VI 674; 681; 696; 708; ix 291; policy
of, 492 ; at Vienna, 581 ; Polish mani-
festo of, 596; X 425; divorce of, 436;
and the succession to the throne, 437 sqq.;
441; and Poland, 447 sq., 451, 453 sq,,
456 sqq. , 466 sq, ; opposes intervention
in France, 465 ; xi 214 ; and the emanci-
pation of the serfs, 615, 617; Viceroy of
Poland, 629, 658 sq.
Constantino. See La Fuente
Constantinople, earthquake at (1609), i 89 ;
fall of (1204), 255; captured by the
Turks (1453), 281, 285; Franco-Turkish
Alliance signed at, m 104; Ferdinand's
embassies to, 106, 108, 118-20, 123-4;
return of Solyman II to (1532), 107,
(1636), 113, (1541), 119; negotiations at,
115; arrival of Venetian ambassador
Badoer in, 116 ; adorned and improved by
Solyman II, 129 ; rebellion in, 130; 133-4 ;
naval preparations in, 136-7 ; Dutch trade
with, 631 ; Dutch mission to (1612), 645 ;
Bohemian and Hungarian embassy to, iv
64; Sir Thomas Roe at, 192; anarchy
in, V 367; 368; 516; Treaty of (1724),
General Index,
305
545, (1739), VI 308, (1781), vm 311;
Greek Empire at, vi 506; Russian de-
signs on, vni 278; dealings of Sweden
with, IX 38 ; British fleet off, 236 ; Russian
desire for, 306, 312, 313, 320, 385, 485;
Queen of Naples goes to, 384; France
and, 386 ; British fleet fails before, 388 ;
Patriarch of, x 170, 182 ; Janissaries at,
171, 192; 173; All of Janina at, 177;
178; Russian ambassador leaves, 183;
ambassadors of the Powers in, 185, 193,
195, 197; withdrawn, 198; Russian de-
signs on, 197, 202, 546 sq., 651, 554, 562,
564; revolutions in (1808), 547; Canning
in, 549; Russian fleet off (1833), 553;
plots in, 656, 559 ; at mercy of Ibrahim,
562, 569 ; 565 ; French influence at, 567 ;
571 ; XI 276 ; Greek Church at, 313 ; xu
33 sq. ; German influence in, 341 ; 382 ;
revolution at, 385; conference of the
Powers at, 387, 403 ; 389 sq. ; 410 ; Ar-
menian massacre in, 417; 422; revolution
in (1908), 427 sq.; 435 sq.; Lord Dufferin
at, 438 ; Young Turk party in, 455
Constantsa, port of, xn 397
Constituent Assembly. See National As-
sembly
Constitution of the Year III, rai 392 sqq.,
487
VIII. See Consulate
X, n 22 sqq.
XII, IX 108 sqq.
of Malmaison, drawn up by Bona-
parte for Switzerland (1801), ix 98 sqq.
Constitutional Act, of Canada (1791), ix 744
sq. ; X 688
Constitutional Church, of the French
Revolution, civil constitution of, viu
196 sqq.; 500 sq. See also Chap, vn.
The Concordats, passim
Society, revolutionary society (1788),
VI 477
Constitutionnel, Le, French journal, x 493 ;
XI 292
Constitutions, French, of 1791, Vol. vni,
Chap. VII, 176-210
Consulate, French, of 1799, Vol. ix. Chap.
I, 1-33
Consulta, Spanish, in the Netherlands, m
198
Contarini, Alessandro, Venetian admiral
(1536), in 113
Alvisi, papal representative at Miin-
ster, IV 402 ; signs treaty between France,
Venice and Sweden, 679
Francesco, Venetian ambassador,
n 381
Gasparo, Cardinal, ii 23, 33, 75; at
Diet of Ratisbon (1451), 240, 398, 650;
386 ; Oratory of Divine Love and, 379,
641, 642; church reform and, 643 sq.,
667; 648; death of, 660; in 75, 457,
750
Tommaso, Venetian ambassador, in
645
Cont6, Nicolas-Jacques, French chemist,
vm 606
Contemporary, Russian journal, xn 295 sqq.
Conti, Armand de Bourbon, Prince of, and
Duchess of Longueville, iv 609; joins
rebels, 611; imprisoned at Vincennes,
612 ; proposed marriage of, 613 ; Governor
of Champagne, 614; Cond^ and, 615; 618
Franpois-Louis de Bourbon, Prince
of, V 370; 449; vi 191; 243; 246 sq.;
340
Louis-Franpois- Joseph de Bourbon,
Prince of, emigrates (1789), vm 165
General Torquato, commander of
Imperial forces in Pomerania, iv 196
Continental System, rx 122 sqq.; Chap.
xm, 361-89 ; effects of, on British trade,
240 sqq. ; and Switzerland, 425 sq.
Contra-Remonstrants (Gomarists), in 647-
55
Contreras (Mexico), Scott's victory at
(1847), vn 396
— — Juan Senen de, Spanish general,
defends Tarragona against Suchet, ix 465
Contrition and attrition, distinction between
doctrines of, ii 126
Conventicle Act, the First (1664), v 103,
333; the Second (1670), 202, 205, 333
Convention Parliament, of 1660, v 94, 96
sq. ; and church matters, 329; of 1689,
249 sqq., 259
•* Convention of the Straits," of 1841, x
672
Conversino da Ravenna, Giovanni di
(Latinist), i 543, 656, 558
Conway, Edward Conway, 2nd Baron,
Royalist plot of, iv 314
Henry Seymour, Field-Marshal, vi
432; Secretary of State, 435 sqq.; 456;
463
Cony, London merchant, trial of, iv 441
Conyers, Sir John, Byron replaced by, rv
299
Conz, Bridge of, battle at, vi 4
Cook Islands, British protectorate over, xn
667
James, navigator, vi 182; xn 805;
814
Cooke, Edward, Under-Secretary for Ire-
land, IX 703
George, joint Paymaster of the
Forces, vi 437
Sir George, lieutenant-general, at
Quatre Bras, ix 629
Cook's Straits, xi 793
Coolgardie, gold discovered at, xn 619
Cooper, Anthony Ashley. See Shaftesbury,
1st Earl of
Fenimore, vn 742
Peter, Greenback candidate for Presi-
dency, VII 646
Thomas, in China, xn 796
Co-operative Wholesale Society, xn 740
Cooper's Creek, exploration of, xi 795 ; 798 ;
squatters in, xn 619
306
General Index,
Coorg, annexation of, xi 730; 750
Coomheert, Dirk Volkerts, Dutch scholar,
ly 718
Coote, Sir Charles, victory of, at Sligo, vr
629; 532; in Ulster, 534; Athlone sur-
renders to, 535 ; 538 ; in communication
with Monck, 547
Sir Eyre, general, vi 469 ; 548 sq. ;
554 ; and Mir Jafar, 558 ; death of, 577
Sir Eyre (nephew of above), vm
618; IX 358
Cop, Guillaume, royal physician, ii 351
Jean, Canon, ii 351
Michel, Protestant pastor, n 351
Nicolas, Bector of University of
Paris, II 285, 351; rectorial address of
(1533), 354
Cope, Sir John, lieutenant-general, vi 112
sqq.
officer in Indian army, vi 541
Copenhagen, University of, ii 605, 617,
VI 739 ; Herredag of (1530), ii 612 sq. ;
recess of (1536), 620; Palatine agents in,
IV 85, 89 ; abortive expedition of Charles
X against (1658), 432, 541, 560, v 147; at
Charles' mercy, iv 585 ; 587 ; relieved by
Opdam, 588 ; negotiations at, 590 ; Dano-
Swedish treaty signed at, 591; treaties
at (1645), 602, (1660), 621, (1727),
V 551; Estates at, 558; coup d'etat
at, 559 sq.; 561; 581; the plague at,
582 ; 583 ; 610 sq. ; Peter the Great at,
612; VI 36; Bestuzheff at, 313; under
Frederick IV, 737; under Christian VI,
738; Bernstorff at, 740; 743 sq.; 746
sqq.; 754; Conventions signed at (1780),
IX 44; battle of (1801), 49 sqq., 49-50;
effect of the news of, 70; bombardment
of (1807), 236, 298 sq., 305; Congress
proposed at, 287 ; important position of,
296; slow recovery of, after Napoleonic
wars, XI 691 ; port of, xii 291 ; 293
Copernicus, Nicholas, i 638; ii 707; iv
777; v708; 713; vi792; x 137
Coppenole (of Bruges), rebel, i 446, 448 sq.
Coppermine river, exploration on, xii 814
Coppet, retirement of Madame de Stael to,
IX 131 ; brilliant society at, 427
Coppi, Antonio, Italian historian, xii 842
Coram, Thomas, philanthropist, vii 61
Corbeil, taken by Parma (1590), ni 49
Corbet, John, Puritan author, v 331
Miles, regicide, v 149
Corbie, garrison at, ni 672-3
Corbi^re, Comte Jacques-Joseph-Guillaume-
Pierre de, x 47; supports reactionary
measures, 49; 54; and Bichelieu, 57;
61; and the new electoral scheme, 64,
67; Minister of Education, 68; 70;
appointed president of the Council of the
University, 73; 74; 90
Corbon, Claude-Anthime, French pohtioian,
XI 111
Corcelles, Claude-F.-P. Tircuy de, mission
of, to Eome, xi 117
Corday-d'Armans, Marie Anne Charlotte de,
assassinates Marat, vm 346
Cordeliersy Club des, vm 161, 200, 267, 272
Cordier, Mathurin, French Protestant, u
286, 351, 372
Cordilleras, mineral wealth of the, xn 692
C6rdoba. See also Cordova
(Argentina), x 281 ; reactionary move-
ment in, 286; 300; Treaty of (1821), 304
Cordova, scholars of, m 545 ; sack of (1808),
jx 437 ; troops at, xii 261
(C6rdoba), Fernando Fernandez de,
Spanish general, x 237, 239; xi 551;
569
Gonzalo Hernandez de. Prince of
Venossa, Prince of Maratra y Corduba,
♦♦The Great Captain," i 115 sqq.; cam-
paign of, in Naples, 124 sq. ; 132 ; 196 ;
233 ; 361-5 ; iv 78 ; 80 sq. ; 85 ; besieges
Casale, 134 ; Ferdinand II and, 678 ; at
Maestricht, 695
Jos6 de, Spanish admiral, viii 461,
463
or Cordoba, Luis de, Spanish admiral,
VI 376; 379
C6rduba. See Cordova
Corea, China and, xi 802; 824; 844
Corfu, devastated by Turks (1537), iii 114,
117 ; fleet of Triple AlHance at, 135-6 ;
the French in, vm 590, 633 ; Kusso-
Turkish blockade of, 607, 646; re-
victualled, IX 237 ; 239 ; importance of,
to Napoleon, 311 ; a centre of English
commerce, 381 ; discussion of the fate of,
604-5 ; placed under British protectorate,
654
Corinne, Madame de Stael's (1807), ix 131
Corinth, siege of, by Venice (1463), i 79 ;
occupied by the Venetians (1687), v 365
(Mississippi), Confederates at (1862),
vn 496 sq. ; Halleck's advance on, 498
sq. ; battle of (1862), 601
Cork, Spanish design to seize, in 532 ;
trade in, 579; landing of Wolfe at (1561),
592; siege of (1569), 595; O'Donnell
executed at, 596; "undertakers" in, 699;
James II at, v 308 ; taken by Marlborough
(1690), 316; the provision trade of, ti
490 ; Parliamentary reform in, ix 697 ;
705 ; Parnell returned for, xii 77 ; 88 ;
Queen's College, 29, 71 sq.
Kichard Boyle, 1st Earl of, Irish
finance and, iv 517; Wentworth and,
518
Cormatin-Desoteux, Baron Pierre -M.-
Felicit^ de, Chouan leader, vm 379
Cormenin, Louis-Marie de la Haye, Vicomte
de, XI 115
Cormoy, armistice of, xi 541
Cornbury, Edward Hyde, Viscount. See
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of
Corneille, Pierre, v 66 sqq. ; 125 ; xi 528
Cornelio, Tommaso, Cartesian philosophy
and, IV 791
Cornelius, Peter von, German painter, x 161
General Index.
307
Cornet, Comte Matthieu-Augustin, President
of the Commission of the Inspectors, vni
677 sq.
Corneto, Adrian© di, Cardinal. See Castel-
lesi
Cornic-Dumoulins, Pierre-Francois, French
admiral, viii 466
Cornish, Sir Samuel, Vice-Admiral, yi 369 ;
427
Corn-laws, English, of 1815, x 590 sqq.;
Irish, of John Foster (1784), vi 603 sq.
See also Trade
Cornuda, Austrian success at, xi 86; 87
Cornudet des Chomettes, Comte Joseph,
vm 683, 686
Cornwall, rising in (1549), n 485 ; Spanish
expeditions to, ni 321, 673 ; condition
of parties in (1642), iv 305, 314 ; Essex
in, 323; Parliament's hold over, 332;
Fairfax and Hopton in, 334; Duke of
Ormond in, vi 102 ; parliamentary repre-
sentation of, X 608 ; Liberalism in, xii 31
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Earl,
and 1st Marquis, vi 453 ; in India, 475,
564, 568, 577, ix 710-5; vii 212 sq.,
223 sqq.; at Yorktown, 230 sq. ; vm 92 ;
IX 76; Viceroy of Ireland, 702; 704;
death of, 730; x 629; xii 498
Edward, Governor of Nova Scotia, vn
121 sq.
Sir William, Admhral, vm 454, 471 ;
in charge of the English squadron off
Brest (1803), ix 210 sqq.; blockades
Brest, 213 sqq.
Coro, Miranda lands near, x 281; royalist
city, 288
Corocoro, siver mines at, v 682
Coromandel, the Dutch and, iv 711;
the Great Elector and, v 646 ; the Dutch
in, 695, 697 ; coast, the, vi 534 sq. ; 538 ;
547 ; 649 ; dynastic wars on, 551 ; 677
Coron, seized by Andrea Doria, m 108 ;
negotiations for surrender of, 109
Coronel, Pablo, Spanish scholar, ii 400 sq.
Corot, Jean-Camille-Baptiste, painter, xi
528
Corporation Act, of 1661, v 97; terms of
the, 329
Corps Legislatif, formation of, vm 393 sqq.,
Chap. XVI passim
Corpus Christi (Texas), Taylor at (1846),
vn 394
Corpus Christi Day, observation of, ceases
in England, n 503
Corpus Inscriptionum Qraecarutn, xii 821 ;
844
Inscriptionum Latinarum, xii 843
Juris Ganonicif new edition of, ZZ
686; m 742
Misniacum (1569), in 150
Correro, or Cornaro, Giovanni, Venetian
ambassador, in France, ra 275
Correspondant, Le, French journal, x 500
"Corresponding" Princes, in 716 sqq.
Corrichie, battle at, m 268
Corrientes, insurgents in, xn 681
Corro. See Del Corro
Corryarrack, Pass of, vi 112
Corsica, given up by French (1558), n 54;
offered to Cosimo de' Medici, iii 386;
granted to the Genoese, 478; France
and, VI 439, 610, 623 ; Jesuits in, 593 ;
608 sq. ; blockaded by the British (1793),
vm 458 ; evacuated (1796), 461 ; failure to
grow cotton in, ix 125 ; bishops and
priests transported to, 197
Cort, Henry, and iron manufacture, x 733
Corte, Bernardino de, betrays Milan, i 121
Cortenberg, Letter of (1312), i 419
Cortereal, Gaspard, Portuguese explorer,
I 36
Cortes, Hernan, invades Mexico, i 41 sqq. ;
n 101
Cortese, Gregorio, Abbot of San Georgio
Maggiore, Venice, ii 33, 379 ; the Oratory
of Divine Love and, 641 ; church reform
and, 643 ; monastic reforms of, 647
Corti, Count, Italian Foreign Minister, xn
394 ; at Constantinople, 402
Cortina, Manuel, Spanish statesman, xi
551
Cortois de Pressigny, Gabriel, Bishop of
St Malo ; later Archbishop of Besangon,
X 140
Cortona, Silvio Passerino, Cardinal of, ii
56
Corunna, Spanish Armada at, in 310,
606 ; sack of, 318 ; Irish refugees at,
604 ; Irish Catholics at, 629 ; departure
of new Armada from (1696), 529; vi
105 ; blockaded, 125 ; French ships take
refuge at, ix 211 ; Villeneuve reaches,
226; Baird lands at, 443; 444; British
retreat to, 445 sqq. ; battle of (1809), 446 ;
revolt at (1820), x 216; and the West
Indian trade, 275
Corvetto, Count Luigi Emmanuele, French
Minister of Finance, x 47 ; 50
Corvey, Abbey of, ix 90; acquired by
Prussia, 657
Corvinus, Matthias. See Matthias Corvinus,
King of Hungary
Coryate, Thomas, traveller, vi 515
Corzana, Count, Imperial plenipotentiary
at Utrecht, v 439
Cosa, Admiral de, xi 87
Coscia, Cardinal, vi 587; 589
Cosimo I. See Tuscany, Grand Dukes of
Cosin, John, Bishop of Durham, Book of
Devotions, iv 273
Cosmao Kerjulien, Baron Julien-Marie de,
Spanish commodore, ix 233
Cosmati, The, ni 438
Cossacks, rising of, vi 681; 696; Eussia
and, XI 273
Co8s6, Artus de, Comte de Secondigny,
Marshal of France (Marshal Coss^,
brother of Marshal Brissac), in 10 sqq.;
22, 24
Costa, Andrea, Italian socialist, xn 231 sq.
308
General Index.
Costa, Isaac da, Dutch poet, xi 676
de Beauregard, Count Henry of. Tin
780
Costa Bica, zii 672; and the Clayton*
Bulwer Treaty, 686
Coster, Samuel, Dutch dramatist, iv 720
Cotes, George, Bishop of Chester, n 631
Roger, mathematician, v 720
Cotta, Johann Friedrich, Baron de Cotten-
dorf (German publisher), ix 588; x 361
Fran Ursula, Luther and, n 110
Cottbus. See Kottbus
Cotterau (Cottereau), Jean, Chouan leader,
VIII 379
Cotton, Sir Willoughby, General, xi 728
Coucy, Edict of (1535), n 286 sq.
Coulanges, Fustel de. See Fustel de
Coulanges
Coulmiers, German defeat at, xi 603 ;
606
Council, the Great (at Venice), closing of
(1296), I 160, 271 sqq.
of Blood (1567), III 216 sqq.
of the Forty-eight at Florence, in
387-8
of Notables, tiii 66; summoned,
100 sq., assembles (1787), 102 sqq.,
dissolved, 105; reassembled (1788), 116,
dissolved, ib.
of Regency. See Reichsregiment
of Ten (at Venice), i 274 sq.; ni
137-8
of the Two Hundred at Florence,
in 388
of the North, instituted by Henry VIII,
u 448, 471
Counter-Reformation, preparation for the,
see Vol. I, Chap, xviii. Catholic Europe,
pctssim ; growth of the movement, 677 sqq. ;
see Vol. II, Chap, i passim, but more es-
pecially Chap. VI, Social Revolution and
Catholic Reaction in Germany, 174-205 ;
Chaps, vn and vni. Conflict of Creeds,
etc., and War in Germany, 206-79; xn.
The Catholic South, 377-415; xv, Philip
and Mary, 612-49; xviii, The Church
and Reform, 639-89; xix, Tendencies
of European Thought in the Age of
the Reformation, passim, 690-718; in
Switzerland, n 338 ; in Poland, see Vol.
Ill, Chap. Ill, The Catholic Reaction... in
Poland, 73-103; in the Empire, etc., in
Hungary, Bohemia and Austria, under
Ferdinand I, see ib. Chap, v passim, 140-
81; under Maxmilian II, f6. ; in the
Netherlands, and its connexion with the
revolt, 184 sqq. ; in Europe generally,
260 sq. ; and Mary Stewart, Chap, viii
passivi, 260-93 ; in Florence, under Co-
simo de' Medici, 389 sq. ; Chap, xiii,
Rome under Sixtus V, passim, 422-55;
harsh side of, 466; in Ireland, importance
of tbe movement, 587 ; 592 sqq. ; in the
Empire under Rudolf II, Chap, xxi passim,
696-735; and the outbreak of Thirty
Years' War, see Vol. rv, Chap, i passim ;
in re-conquered Bohemia, 73 sq. ; 676 sq.
See also Reformation, Jesuits, etc.
Country, Russian journal, xii 309; 837
Count's War (Grevefeide) (1534), n 280,
614 sq.
Coup d'etat of 18 Fnictidor, vni 509 sq.,
615; of 22 Flor^al, 517; of 18 Brumaire,
678-88
Courbet, Am^d6e-A.-P., French admiral,
captures Foo-chow, xn 131; 132
Gustave, painter, xi 528
Courcelles, French force at, xi 586
Courier de M6r6, Paul-Louis, ix 270 ; x 103 ;
XI 626
Courier de Turin, newspaper provided by
the French Government, ix 397
Courland (Eurland), and Russia, n 144;
a semi - independent duchy, m 73;
Swedish veto upon Danish trade with,
IV 177, 179; and Gustavus Adolphus,
183, 185; Charles X and, 589; v 494;
555; Charles XII in, 692; 594; Swedish
occupation of (1701), 666; Prussia and,
667; VI 302; 317 sq. ; 629; Russian in-
fluence in, 665 sq. ; abolition of serfdom
in, X 427; the Patriotic Society in, 454;
Russian administration of, xn 335 ; 368
Anne, Duchess of . /Se« Anne, Tsarina
Benigna (von Treiden), Duchess of,
VI 302
Ernst Johann Biren, Duke of. See
Biren
Frederick William, Duke of, v 660
Jakob III, Duke of, vi 301
Cowrier, French journal, x 69; 81; 88; 102
dcs Pays-Bas, x 532
frangais, xi 486
Courrieres, Count de, commissioner in
England for Spanish marriage, ii 625
Court, de, French admiral, vi 160; 236
Courteen, Sir William, Assada Association
and, IV 731 ; settlement of Barbados and,
756
Courtenay, Edward. See Devonshire, Earl
of
Courthope, Nathaniel, at Pulo Run, iv 736 ;
745
Courtney, Hugh, arrest of, rv 447
Courtray, battle of (1302), i 426; taken by
the French (1646), iv 598; Spain and,
V 45, 63; taken by France (1667), 199;
416; taken by Marshal Saxe, vi 240;
French victory at, viii 435
Courvoisier, Jean-Joseph-Antoine, x 67
Cousin, Victor, excluded from the Sorbonne,
X 73, 78; restored to his post, 93; 103;
514; XI 23; 36; 120; as a philosopher,
526
Cousin - Montauban, Charles-G.-M.- A.-A.
See PaUkao, Comte de
Cousseau, Ant. Charles, Bishop of Angon-
16me. See AngoulSme
Coutances, A.-F. de Talaru de Chalmazel,
Bishop of, vm 156
General Index,
309
Couthon, Georges, one of the Enrages, viii
213; on Comiti de Salut Public, 343,
345 6q., 351, 364, 368 ; arrest and execu-
tion of, 370 sq.
Coutras, Huguenots' first victory at, in 43
Couza, Alexander John, Prince of Moldo-
Wallachia, xi 644 sq.
Covenant, Solemn League and, adopted by
Parliamentary party (1643), iv 317 sqq. ;
and Westminster Assembly, 358; 488;
National (Scottish), iv 488 sqq. ; character
and early history of, 497 sqq.
Coventry, Mary Queen of Scots, imprisoned
at, ni 282; Cumberland's army at, vi 114
Henry, envoy to Sweden, y 109;
and the Treaty of Breda, 112
Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron, ship-
money and, IV 282
Sir William, Secretary to the navy
under the Duke of York, v 113, 183;
210; 216
Coverdale, Miles, Bishop of Exeter, transla-
tion of the Bible by, ii 465; 501, 539;
assists in Parker's consecration, 572
Coveripak, Clive at, vi 541
Covode, John, American politician, vn
469
Cowell, John, professor of law, vi 786
Cowley, Abraham, succours Crashaw, iv
772; not a Fantastic Poet, 773 sq.; v
129 ; 132 ; and the Philosophical College,
740; 745; vi 791
Hannah, dramatist, x 699
Sir Henry Wellesley, Ist Earl, sent
to Lucknow, ix 724 sq. ; x 37 ; ambas-
sador at Madrid, 211 sq.; ambassador
at Paris, xi 333
Captain, and the Falkland Islands,
VI 373
Cowpens, Tarleton defeated at (1781), vii
227
Cowper, Francis Thomas de Grey Cowper,
7th Earl, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, xn
40; 79; 81
William, poet, VI 79 ; 826; 828; vni
766; X 699; 724
William Cowper, 1st Earl, v 446;
465; 469
Cox, Dr Richard, Bishop of Ely, n 657,
565, 567, 575
English colonel, defends Almeida,
IX 459
Crabbe, George, x 700 sq.
Cracow, Compact of (1525), iii 73; Pro-
testantism in, 74, 78, 84 ; Canons of, 75 ;
76; University of, 77, 87, 102; corona-
tion of Henry of Valois at (1574), 88-9 ;
flight of Henry from, 90; Maximilian II
declared King at (1575), 96; Bathory's
supporters march to, 97; Stephen Bath-
cry's state entry into (1576), 98; Arch-
duke Maximilian defeated at, 450, rv 168 ;
Palatine of, 189; taken by Charles X
(1655), 681; v 480; the Swedes in, 505;
692; Augustus U crowned at, vi 191;
669; Russians expelled from (1794), viii
542; surrenders to Prussia, 546, 648;
ceded to Austria (1795), 649, 662;
Schwarzenberg marches on (1813), ix
611; declared a free city, 598; Republic
of, 599, 647, 655, 670; Province of,
formed, x 449 ; Patriotic Society at, 463 ;
Republic of, 456, 460 sq. ; annexed to
Poland, 461 ; annexed by Austria, xi 39,
46 sq., 250; journal published in, xii
339
Cracow, Franciscus Krasinski, Bishop of,
and Polish Diet (1575), iii 96
Palatine of. See Firlej, Grand
Marshal of Poland
Cradock, Francis, and schemie for a national
bank, v 266
Sir John Francis, 1st Baron Howdon,
commands British troops in Portugal,
IX 448; superseded by Wellesley, 449;
Governor of Cape Colony, 753
Craft-gilds, in Flemish communes, i 428;
13th century importance of, 511-3
Craftsman, The, political journal, vi 71
Craggs, James, vi 41; 181
James, the younger, vi 30; 34; 38;
41; 181; x 625
Craig, Sir James Henry, General, in
Canada, ix 745 sq.; expedition of, to
Cape Colony, 749
John, Scottish Reformer, ii 591 ; iii
275
Craigmillar, Conference at (1666), in 273
Crail, Jacobites at, vi 99
Cramer, Charles Fr^d^ric, Danish writer,
vin 788
Johann Andreas, German divine,
VI 741
Cram pel, Paul, African explorer, xn 130
Cranach, Lucas, German painter, n 159
Cranbome, Lord. See Salisbury, 3rd Mar-
quis of
Cranfield, Sir Lionel See Middlesex, Earl
of
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, I 641; n 26, 49; visits Germany,
219 ; 241 ; 433, 439 sq. ; Anne Boleyn's
trial and, 445; 464, 481, 484; 617, 521;
imprisonment of, 538 ; disputation of, at
Oxford, 539 ; trial of, t&. ; death of, 542
Craonne, Bliicher repulses the French at
(1814), IX 651
Crashaw, Richard, education of, iv 771 ;
characteristics of, 772 sq.
Craufurd, Robert, Major-General, charge
of, at Busaco, ix 461; expedition of, to
Chili, 753
Craven, Charles, Governor of Carolina,
VII 38
Tunis Augustus, American naval
commander, vii 555
Crawford, John Lindsav, 20th Earl of,
VI 116
William Harris, American states-
man, VII 360, 373 sq.
310
General Index,
Crawford, William Lindsay, ISth Earl of,
V 292
Crawfurd, John, envoy to the Court of Slam,
XII 635
Creagh, Bichard, Archbishop of Armagh,
m 593
Creek Indians, The, vn 345
Creevey Papers, The, ix 687
Crefeld, taxation in, vi 221; silk manu-
facture at, X 732
Creighton, Mandell, Bishop of London, xn
841; 847
Crema, the French occupy, viii 585
Cramer, Camille, French ofl&cer, xi 604;
606; 608
Cr6mieux, Adolphe, xi 102 sq. ; Minister of
Justice, 104
Gaston, French politician, xi 503
Cremona, siege of (1526), n 53; raid on,
by Prince Eugene (1702), v 403; Elisa-
beth Famese and, vi 152; 154; Napo-
leon captures (1796), vm 669, (1800),
IX 62; congress at, xii 235
Bishop of, XII 229
Cr^py, Peace of (1544), ii 78 sq., 245, 289,
459, 662, III 465, 477
Cr^quy de Blanchefort et de Canaples,
Charles, Marquis de, Marshal of France,
defeated (1598), in 417 ; at Susa, iv 135 ;
370
Crescentius, Peter, in 471
Crescenzio, Marcello, Cardinal, n 671 sq.
Crespin, Jean, Livre des Martyrs, n 293
Creswell, Father Joseph, m 533
Crete, acquired by Venice, i 255 ; Venetian
colonisation of, 256; Turks in, v 40,
342, 344, 348; pashalik of, x 548; xi
313; 324; the Powers and, 634; dis-
turbances in, 636 ; Constitution for, 637 ;
XII 10; 382; insurrection in, 391; 392;
Treaty of Berlin and, 398 sq.; 406; 415;
affairs in (1878-1908), 418 sqq. ; 422 sqq. ;
Greece and, 427 sq.; 728
Cretet, Emmanuel. See Champnol
Creusot, industries at, x 732, 744, 756;
the Commune at, xi 503
Creutz, Count Philip, Swedish Chancellor,
VI 777
Creuze-Latouche, Jacques-Antoine, mem-
ber of the National Assembly, vm 386,
501
Creuzer, G. Friedrich, writings oi^ xii
821 sq.
Crevecceur, Philip de (des Querdes), rebels
against Maximilian 1, 1 394, 438, 446 ; 451
Crew, Nathaniel, 3rd Baron Crew of Stene,
Bishop of Durham, v 234
Sir Randal, dismissal of, iv 266
Crichton, Father, in 288, 290
Crieff, burnt by Jacobites, vi 102
Crillon, Louis de Berton des Balbes de
Quiers, Duke of, and Duke of Mahon,
at Minorca, vi 379
Crimea, Tartars from, reinforce Imperial
troops. III 107; Eussia and, v 343, 368,
479, 493; vi 305; 307; 634; 648; 651;
Catharine II and, 668, 672; 673; an-
nexed by Russia (1783), 675 sq., vin 311,
314 ; VI 695 ; ceded to Russia, 709 ; 778 ;
vin 308; Stolypin in, xii 377
Crimea, Khan of, V 504; 506; 521; 599
Crimean War, Great Britain and the, Vol,
XI, Chap. XI ; 263; 266; 272; and Moldo-
Wallachia, 284 ; 800 ; causes and results
of, 305 sq.; 325; 346; influence of, on
English literature, 351; Piedmont and,
373; Austria and, 401 sq.; 635; Greece
and, 639; 764; Canada and, 769; 830;
XII 294, 301, 728, 796
Crispi, Francesco, Italian statesman, xx
533; XII 215; Ministry of, 217 sq.; fall
of, 218 ; and African affairs, 239 sqq.
Cristina (Maria Cristina of Naples), Queen
Regent of Spain, x 231 sq. ; policy of, as
Queen Regent, 233 sq. ; and Code of
Cadiz, 237; negotiations of, with Don
Carlos, 239; abdication of, 241; 242;
XI 38; 550 sq. ; and the marriage of
her daughters, 653 sqq.; withdraws to
Paris, 556 ; 557 ; corrupt practices of, 569
sq. ; leaves Spain, 561
Critica Sociale, Italian socialist journal,
xn 231
Crittenden, John Jordan, American poli-
tician, VII 581
Crivelli, Julius Cfesar, Bavarian diplomatic
agent, iv 680
Crnoievid, Stephen, the maker of Monte-
negro, I 74
Croatia, fighting in, during the war of
1809, IX 355; French provinces of, 418;
Marmont's action in, 419 ; revolutionary
movement in, xi 156; 170; Hungary and,
173, 202; 177 sqq.; Diet of, 180; 206;
209 ; reaction in, 217 ; 399 ; xn 180 ; and
the Compromise of 1868, 182, 190, of
1879, 198; 209 sq.
Crocco, Italian brigand, xi 531
Croft, Herbert, Bishop of Hereford, v 331 ;
334
Sir James, heads rebellion against
Mary, ii 526
Croissy, Charles Colbert, Marquis de,
French ambassador in England, v 203
sq.; 209; 211
Croix, La, French journal, xn 120
Croizier, aide-de-camp to Napoleon, vm
606
Croke, Richard, Cambridge Hellenist, 1 580,
645
Thomas W., Roman Catholic Arch-
bishop of Cashel, xn 85; 87
Croker, John Wilson, x 615; 655
Cromarty, George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of,
VI 117
Crome, Edward, Protestant Reformer, n 539
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl, xn 240;
and Egyptian finance, 434; 438; Consul-
General in Egypt, 439 sqq., 446 sq. ; 464 ;
retires, 456
Greneral Index.
311
Cromer, George, Archbishop of Armagh, in
587
Crommelin, Samuel Louis, and the Irish
linen industry, vi 482
Crompton, Samuel, inventor of the spin-
ning-mule, VII 374, IX 372, x 735
Cromwell, Henry, succeeds Fleetwood in
Ireland, iv 538; resignation of, 640
Oliver, Protector, abolition of Epis-
copacy and, IV 292; Remonstrance and,
296; member for Cambridge, 304; with
Essex, 311 ; Ironsides of, 312 ; at Gran-
tham, 313 ; 314 ; victory of, at Winceby,
815 ; 318 ; and toleration, 320 ; Lieutenant-
General, 321 ; at Marston Moor, 322 ; at
Newbury, 324; Self-denying Ordinance
and, 325 sqq. ; at Taunton, 328 ; raid of,
round Oxford, 329; at Naseby, 330; in
Dorset, 332; in Hampshire, 333; at
Bovey Tracey, 334; and Parliament,
337 ; 341 ; and the army, 342 ; mediates
between army and Parliament, 343 ; and
Charles I, 344 sq. ; suppresses mutiny in
army, 346; ajad Charles II, 347; at
Windsor, 348; takes Pembroke, 349; at
Preston, 350; King's trial and, 353; and
Pride's Purge, 354 ; dissolves Rump, 362 ;
Charles X of Sweden and, 429; and
the Commonwealth (1649-53), 434-8;
Protector, 438-48; ecclesiastical policy
of, 453 sq.; revenue and, 456 sq.; militia
and, 458 ; Irish expedition of, 463 ; 469 ;
expedition of Penn and Venables and,
481; service of Shaftesbury under, 485;
ascendancy of, 506; 507; in Edinburgh,
508; army of, in Scotland, 510; in
Ireland, 532 sqq. ; settlement of Ireland
and, 536, 538; death of, 448, 540; policy
of, 543 ; 544 ; Monck and, 545 ; 551 ; and
Spain, 659 sq.; and Conde, 616; and
Mazarin, 619; and East India Company,
746; and Portugal, v 105, 107; and
Mazarin, 106 ; and Dutch Republic, 138,
140 sqq.; and Nieuwpoort, 146; 178;
266 ; and Ireland, 315 ; and the religious
sects, 327 sq. ; 333; and Spain, 372, 375,
378; 386; Elector Frederick William
and, 648; 680; 697; Protestant Scheme
of, VI 614; 795 sq.; 803; 805; 813; and
Acadia, vii 75
Richard, proclaimed Protector, iv
448; Parliament and, 449 sq.; army and,
451; dissolves Parliament, 452; end of
Protectorate of, 453 sq. ; 539 sq. ; Monck
and, 545; 549; intrigue for restoration
of, 553
Thomas, Earl of Essex, ii 432;
becomes King's secretary, 440 sq. ; Vicar-
General, 442; visitation of monasteries
ordered by, 444; fall of, 451; character
of, 451 sq. ; the translation of the Bible
and, 465 sq. ; in 113 ; 737
CrOnica Cientifica y Literaria, x 210; 212
Cronje, Piet Arnoldus, Boer general, xu
642
Cronsbrnch, Caspar Florenz, Baron von,
at Utrecht, v 439
Crook, George, American officer, in the
Kanawha VaUey (1864), vn 516
Cropredy Bridge, Waller defeated at, iv
323
Croquants, The, in 664
Crosa, Marquis, Sardinian envoy, x 109
Crosby, Brass, Lord Mayor of London, vi
444
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, Ist Vis-
count, Home Secretary, xii 30; 481
Crowley, Robert, on agrarian reform, n 490
Crown Point, captured by the colonists
(1775), vn 166
Crowne, John, dramatist, v 126 sq.; 132;
136
Croy, Prince Charles Eugene de, v 369 ; 589
Charles Philip de. See Havr6
William of. Seigneur de Chidvres,
1 369 sq., 452 sqq. ; ii 38, 43
William of. Cardinal, Archbishop of
Toledo, I 370, 379
See also Aerschot
Crozat, Antoine, French merchant, and
Louisiana, vi 172; French financier, vn
88, 92
Cruciger, Caspar, Lutheran Reformer, n
207, 250
Crusenstolpe, Swedish journalist, xi 684 sq.
Gruzaday The, Spanish tax, ii 63
Crynssen, Abraham, captures Tobago, v 152
Csanyi, Laszlo, Hungarian statesman, xi
212; 214
Csokonai, Michael Vit^z, Hungarian poet,
XI 423
Cuba, Spanish colonies in, i 40 sq.; a
Spanish possession, v 687; economic
conditions of, vi 186 ; French in, vn 108 ;
trade of, 327; United States and, 432,
438, 673; insurrections in (1868), 637,
(1895), 674 sqq.; Spain relinquishes, 681
sqq. ; Republic of, 686 ; and Spanish
revenue, x 259; negroes in, 260; the
United States and, 309; industries in,
761; XI 335; 557; proposed American
purchase of, 563; xii 56; rebellion in,
264 sq, ; lost by Spain, 266; 267; 530;
653 sq. ; United States and, 655 sq., 685,
696 sq.
Cubi^res, Amed^e-Louis Despans de, French
general, xi 39
Cuddalore, vi 454; besieged, 677
Cuddapah, Nawab of, vi 541
Cudworth, Ralph, Cambridge Platonist,
Cartesian philosophy and, iv 791 ; v 750
sq.; 753
Cues, Nicholas of. See Cusanus
Ciistrin, Frederick V at, iv 68, 70; 196;
Gustavus and, 197 sqq., 201, 203; Gallas
at, 374; the Great Elector at, v 639; vi
212; arsenal of, 279; bombardment of,
280 ; 282 ; 298 ; Frederick William III at,
1x277; capitulates (1806), 206; evacuated,
318; fortress of, 5U
312
General Index.
Ciistrin. See Brandenburg-Ciistrin
Cujacius (Jacques Cujas), French Hellenist,
I 677 ; HI 68 sq.
Cujavia, Calvinism in, in 75
Stanislas Karnkowski, Bishop of,
III 83 ; 90 ; crowns Stephen B4thory, 99
Culemburg, Count of, iii 217, 222
CuUen, Government force at, vi 116
Paul, Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin,
XII 69
Culloden, battle of, ▼ 326, vi 116, 246
Calmbach, v 622
See Brandenburg-Culmbach
Culmland, The, and Poland, v 629 ; and the
German Order, 630 ; 634
Culmore Castle, surprised by O'Dogherty,
III 613
Culpeper, Lord Thomas, Governor of Vir-
ginia, VII 9 sq., 199
Cultura Sociale, Italian journal, xn 230
Culver well, Nathanael, Cambridge Pla-
tonist, V 752
Cum ad nihil, Bull establishing Inquisition
in Portugal (1631), n 413 sq.
Cumana, Dutch trade with, v 688; war-
ships at, X 290
Cumberland, Prince Charles in, vi 114
George Clifford, 3rd Earl of, and
naval war with Spain, in 319; and the
English East India Company, iv 730
Henry Frederick, Duke of, marriage
of, VI 445
"William Augustus, Duke of, vi 114
sqq. ; at Fontenoy, 242 sq. ; 246 sqq. ;
263; 340 sq.; 405; 408
• EmestAugustus,Dukeof. See'Ernest
Augustus, King of Hanover
Bichard (d. 1718), Bishop of Peter-
borough, V 753
Kichard, and the Gibraltar negotia-
tions (1799), VI 377 sq.
Cumberland Gap, Confederate troops in
(1861), vn 462 sq., (1862), 507
River, trade on, vn 360; Fort
Donelson on, 494
Cunha, Luis da, Portuguese Secretary for
Foreign Affairs, vi 385
Tristao da, Portuguese explorer, i 32
Cuniga. See Zuniga
Cunin-Gridaine, Laurent, x 511
Cunningham, Allan, in Australia, xi 790 sq.
Sir James, and the English East
India Company, iv 730
CuraQoa, ancient Dutch colony, rv 709 sq.,
751; contraband trade at, v 684; 687;
the Dutch in, vi 186; port of, closed
(1804), vn 327 ; English capture of (1807),
IX 240, 368, 750; and the trade of
Venezuela, x 257
Curci, Carlo Maria, Jesuit, xi 715
Cur6, Gustave, French Republican, xi 304
Cur6e, J. F., suggests that Napoleon
should be declared Emperor, ix 31
Cureton, Charles Robert, Brigadier-general,
in India, xi 741
Curie, Marie, and the discovery of radium,
xn 789
Pierre, work of, in radium, xn 789
Curione, Celio Secondo, Reformer, n 382,
386, 391, 716
Curran, John Philpot, Irish Judge, retire-
ment of, IX 700; 702
Sarah, ix 707
Currie, Sir Frederick, Indian official, xi
741
Dr John, of Liverpool, vni 765
Curry, John, historian, x 627
J. L. M., Confederate Senator, vn
605
Curtatone, xi 86; battle of, 94
Curtis, Patrick, Archbishop of Armagh, x
650
Sir Roger, Admiral, vin 479
Samuel Ryan, American general, vn
496
Curtius, Ernst, German historian, xn 844 sq.
Curwen, Dr Richard, preaches before Henry
VIII against Peto, n 438
Curzolari, islands of, in 135
Curzon, Sir Robert, i 474 sq.
of Kedleston, George Nathaniel
Curzon, Lord, Viceroy of India, xn 486 ;
administration of, 488 sqq.; resigns, 496
Cusani, Augustine, Cardinal, m 449
Cusano, Benedetto, Italian Reformer, n 390
Cusanus, Cardinal (Nicholas Krebs of Cues),
I 435, 599, 608, 623; the Dialogue of
Peace, 624; 628 sq., 630 sqq., 689
Cushendun, Shane O'Neill at, in 592
Cushing, Caleb, mission of, to China, xi
810 sq.
William Barker, blows up the Albe-
marle, VII 564
Custine, Comte Adam-Philippe de, com-
mands Army of the North, vm 339,
343, 423, 429; recalled to Paris and
executed (1793), 346, 430; commands
Army of the Vosges (1792), 413 sqq., 417,
422 sq., 775
Renaud-Philippe de, French general,
executed (1794), vin 357
Custom of Paris, in Canada, vn 82
Custozza, battle of, xi 89, 122, 640
Cuvier, Georges-C.-L.-D., ix 133; xn 771
Cuxhaven, Prussia takes possession of (1800),
IX 46
Cuyaba, province of, vi 390
Cuzco, centre of Inca rule in Peru, i 44 sq. ;
the Indians of, x 260, 263 ; Tupac Amaru
marches on, 266 sq. ; revolutionary con-
spiracy in (1814), 299; 301
Cyclades, The, acquired bv Venice, i 255;
X 202
Cyprian (Latin Father), early printed editions
of, I 616-7
Cyprus, Turkish designs on, m 130-3;
troops landed at, 134; taken by Turks,
134, 137, 399, 494-5; xn 33; 239;
British occupation of, xi 324, xn 399,
415; 428; 499
General Index.
313
Cyprus Convention, xn 398 sq.
Czapka, Ignaz, Bitter von Winstetten,
Burgomaster of Vienna, xi 154
Czarniecki, Stephen, Polish general, de-
feated by Charles X, iv 582 sq. ; invades
Jutland, 588
Czarnkowski, Canon of Cracow (1549), in 78
Czarnovo, Bussians retreat from (1806), ix
284
Czartoryski, family of, vi 193; 196; pre-
dominance of, in Poland, 198 sqq.; 354;
666 sq.
Prince Adam George, Polish poli-
tician and general, vin 786 sq. ; ix 35;
246; advice of, to Alexander, 259; re-
port of Austerlitz of, 261; resignation
of, 272; 337; influence of, 483; 485;
at Congress of Vienna, 681; advice of,
592; X 418; curator of University of
Vilna, 430, 459 ; and Polish Constitution,
446; 448; 457; and Polish revolution,
466 sq., 472
Prince Augustus, Prince Palatine, vi
198
Florian, Primate of Poland, vi 198
Prince Michael, Prince Chancellor,
VI 198
Czaslau, Austrian troops in, vi 234
Czechs. See Cechs
Czenstochowa, Polish monastery of, Swedes
fail before, iv 582
Czemovitz, meeting of Emperors at (1823),
X 187 sq.
Czuczor, Georg, Hungarian writer, xi 431
Dabo, Amirs defeated at, xi 737
Dacca, Court of Appeal at, ix 711
Dacia, kingdom of, vi 674; 676
Dacke, Nels, revolts against Gustavus Vasa,
II 627
Dacre, Leonard (claiming to be Lord Dacre
of Gillesland), iii 281 sq.
Thomas, Lord, VSTarden of the
Marches, n 420
Thomas Fiennes, Lord, i 485
William, Lord, trial and acquittal
of, n 441
Dada Kashji, Gwalior Minister, xi 737 sq.
Dadar, General England at, xi 735
Dadizeele, Jan van, Bailli of Ghent, i 443
Daendel«<, Hermann Willem, Dutch general,
VIII 662; 787; ix90; Governor of Java,
754
Daghestan, Bussia and, v 545; annexed to
Bussia, X 413
Dagobert-Fontenille, Luc- Simeon- Auguste,
French general in Spain, vin 439 sq.
Dagonet, French commander in Spain, vm
440
Daguerre, Louis- Jacques-Mand6, and photo-
graphy, X 755; XII 783
Dahlberg, Erik, leads Swedes from Fiinen,
IV 685; V 569; 587
Dahlgren, John Adolf, American admiral,
vn 527 sq.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph, x 370;
drafts Hanover Constitution, 374; 376;
expelled from Hanover, 379 sq. ; xi 49 ;
143; German Constitution of, 162 sq.;
164 sq. ; opposes Malmoe Truce, 168;
195 ; withdraws from Frankfort Assembly,
200; 221
Dahomey, French conquest of, xn 129;
130; 659; explorers in, 807
Daily Telegraphy xii 810
Dain, Olivier le, i 440
Daine, Nicolas, Belgian general, x 541 sq.
Dakkar, French Governor-General at, xn
660
Dakota, North, population of, vii 711;
South, and the currency question, 673
Dakotas, population of the, vii 708
Dalai Lama, of Tibet, xn 490 sq.
Dalayrac, Nicolas, ix 135
Dalberg, Emmerich Joseph, Due de, and
the French regency, ix 558 ; at the Con-
gress of Vienna, 580; 584, 601
John von, Bishop of Worms, i 572,
634, 637
Karl Theodor Anton Maria von,
Elector of Mainz, etc.. Primate of the
Confederation of the Bhine, ix 94; and
the rearrangement of the German States,
202-3 ; 268 ; principality created for, 414 ;
represented at Congress of Vienna, 587 ;
and the Final Act, 659 ; x 6 ; 145
Dale, Sir Thomas, expedition of, to the
Banda Islands, ly 735 sq.; High Marshal
of Virginia, vn 6
Valentine, envoy to French court,
in 27
Dalecarlia, seized by Sweden, n 600; 621,
624
Dales, The, Swedish mining districts, vi 779
Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Bamsay,
1st Marquis of, vi 563 ; and the " railway
mania," xi 4; 329; in India, 730, 740
sqq. ; administrative reforms by, 744 ;
747; 750 sq.; xn 462
Dalkeith, castle of, taken by the Cove-
nanters, IV 502
Dallemagne, Claude, Baron, French general.
Tin 568, 638
D'Allemand, Cardinal, of Avignon, i 623
Dalling and Bulwer, Lord. See Bulwer
Dalmatia, Venetian power in, i 254; lost
by Venice (1381), 264; recovered, 278;
Turco-Venetian war in, in 117; inroads
of the Uskoks in, iv 11 ; Venetian con-
quests in, V 366, 371; Turks in, vi
30; 648; 675; ceded to Austria (1797),
vin 583, 592; demanded from France,
IX 272; France and (1806-9), 396-7,
418; protectorship of Franciscan Order
in, 419; recovered by Austria (1816), 660;
XI 47; 179 sq.; Emperor of Austria in,
xn 382
Duke of. See Soult
Dalny, xn 686; 696; ceded to Japan, 601
Dalreooh, burnt by Jacobites, vi 102
314
General Index.
Dalrymple, Sir Hew Whitefoord, sent to
Spain, IX 440 ; agrees to convention with
Junot, 441; allows French to plunder
Lisbon, i5.; departure of, 442
See also Stair
Dalton (Georgia), Confederate army at, vn
614, 621
Dalton, John, Indian officer, vi 541
John, man of science, xn 730; 769 sq.
Dalwigk, Reinhard Karl Friedrich, Baron
von, Hessian statesman, xi 397
Dalziel, Sir Thomas, at Eullion Green,
V 284; 288
Damaraland, German missionaries in, xn
658; 664
Damascene. See John Damascene
Damascus, pashalik of, promised to Ibrahim,
X 548, 653; Ibrahim enters, 649; revolt
in (1834), 559; 560
Dambray, Charles-Henri, Vicomte, French
Chancellor, ix 563 ; 565 sq. ; 669 ; x 94
Damesme, Edouard-Adolphe-Marie, French
general, xi 113
Damiens, Robert - Francois, attempts to
murder Louis XV, vi 339, 347, vm 50
Damietta, and Suez Canal, xii 431
Darailly, offers to betray Geneva (1586),
m 414
Damjanics, Janos, Hungarian general, xi
207; 214
Dampier, William, seaman, vi 182
Dampierre. See Du Val de Dampierre
A.-H.-M. Picot, Marquis de, vin
428 sq.
Damville, Marshal. See Montmorency
Damvillers, given up by France (1559),
n93
Dan, Greene's march to the, vii 228
Danby, Earl of. See Leeds, Duke of
Danckelmann, Eberhard von, Prussian
Minister, v 647; 658; 662 sq.
Nicolas von, Brandenburg Minister
at Vienna, v 663
D'Audelot et Coligny, Francois, in the
Wars of Religion, ii 93, 294 sq.; iii 2-5, 9
Dandolo, Enrico, Doge of Venice (1192-
1206), I 255
Daneau, Lambert (d. 1595), Calvinist theo-
logian, III 749
Danewerke, The, Danes driven out of,
XI 440
Dangan Hill, Preston defeated at, rv 345,
531
Dangerfield, Thomas, perjurer, y 231
Danican, Auguste, French general, vm 396
Daniel, Francois, Calvin and, n 352 sq.
Samuel, ni 376
Danilevsky, Nicholas, Russian writer, xi 634
Danilo, Prince of Montenegro, xi 277 ; 636
Danilograd, Montenegrin victory at, xn 387
Danneskjold - Samaoe, Count Frederick,
Danish Minister of Marine, vi 739
Danr^mont, Comte Charles-Marie-Denis de,
French general, x 604
Dau-aai, ceded to Great Britain, xu 536
Dante Alighieri, De Monarchia of, n 2;
85, 128; m 456-8, 463, 467; De VulgaH
Eloquentia, 471, 473, 764
Danton, Georges- Jacques, vin 161, 192,
200; Procureur Substitute 225, 228;
character of, 232; 234; Minister of
Justice, 238, 241 sq. ; and September
massacres, 243 sq. ; and National Con-
vention, 246 sq. ; at the King's trial,
260; policy of, 263 sq., 267; on the
Comit6 de Salut Public, 269, 338; wan-
ing influence of, 342 sqq., 347; and
Robespierre, 359 sq., 362; trial and
execution of, 362 sqq.
Danube river, Turkish rule on, in 119; vi
231 sq. ; Charles of Lorraine at, 235;
237 ; 306 ; opened to Russian ships, 648 ;
military operations near (1800), ix 58,
64; Grand Army reaches (1805), 254;
approached by Archduke Charles (May 10,
1809), 350; crossed by French troops
(May 21, 1809), 351, (July 4-5), 352;
Russian conquests on, 389; xi 314;
crossed by Turkish troops, 315, 321 ; 323;
navigation of, 643; xii 388; fortresses
of, 392 ; Treaty of Berlin and, 398
Danubian Principalities {see also Moldavia,
Wallachia), vi 307; 634; Catharine's
designs on, 668 sq. ; 672 ; 731 sq. ; Rus-
sian evacuation of, ix 306; and the
Treaty of Adrianople, x 202 sq.
Dajiubyu, attack on, xi 728
Dan Vila y Coliado, Manuel, historian, xn
842
Danville, vn 539; flight of Jefferson Davis
to, 541
Danzig, revolt of (1526), in 74; surrender
of, to Stephen Bathory (1557), 100; and
the Spanish trade, iv 105 ; Sigismund III
at, 168, 172 ; Gustavus Adolphus at, 183,
186, 193; commercial prosperity of, 420;
Charles X and, 428; the Dutch and, 583,
588; besieged by the Swedes (1656), v
146; Russia and, 611; Brandenburg and,
620; 629; German Order and, 631 ; 634;
and Poland, 636; 638; Treaty of (1716),
611; VI 196; siege of (1733), 196 sq.;
630; 669; 671; Prussia and, 708 sq.,
730; 732 sqq.; vm 293, 330, 333, 523
sqq.; ceded to Prussia (1793), 635, 551;
export duty levied at, ix 24; besieged
(1807), 112, 284-5, 289-90; a free city,
292, 337, 338; French troops in (1808),
315; French army at (1813), 511; re-
covered by Prussia, 647, 666; Prussian
naval station, xi 445
Daoiz, Spanish officer, killed in riot at
Madrid, ix 434
Dara Shekoh, son of Emperor Shah Jehin,
VI 518 sq.
Darboy, Georges, Archbishop of Paris. See
Paris
Darby, George, vice-admiral, vi 452
W. Evans, International Tribunals ^
m 718
General Index,
315
Daroy, Thomas, Lord, n 446
Dard, Henri-Jean-Baptiste, and favours to
emigrSsy ix 570
Dardanelles, passage of, vi 674; British
fleet in (1807), ix 235, 368, 388;
Bussian claim on, 312, 313, 320; Peace
of (1809), 388; Greek ships in, seized by
the Porte, x 185; blockaded by Russia
(1828), 201; Eussia and, 203, 444; 654;
closure of (1833), 555, 564; 672; xi 314
sq. ; Sultan's rights in, 634 ; British fleet
in, XII 387
Dare, Jurien van der (Georgius Aportanus),
Reformer, ii 160
Darfur, annexed by Egypt, xn 439; 449;
660; explorers in, 805, 811, 813
Dargai, heights of, stormed, xii 488 ; 489
Darien Scheme, character and results of,
V 295 sqq.
Company (Company of Scotland
trading to Africa and the Indies). See
under Companies
Darimon, Alfred, French politician, xi
304
Darling Downs, occupation of, xi 790;
795
river, exploration of, xi 792, 795
Darlington, Sophia Charlotte von Kiel-
mannsegge. Countess of, vi 19
Darmstadt, district of, and the Decree of
November 19, viii 300
Darnel, Sir Thomas, case of, iv 267
Damley, Henry Stewart, Lord, n 458; a
claimant for Enghsh throne, 582; iii
269-74, 278
Darth6, Augustin-A.-J., French politician,
VIII 605
Dartmouth, George Legge, 1st Lord,
(2nd cr.), v 262
William Legge, 2nd Earl of^ yi
435; Lord Privy Seal, 447
Daru, Comte Napoleon, French statesman,
XI 491 sq. ; 721
Comte Pierre-Antoine-Noel-Bmno,
becomes Intendant, ix 118 ; Secretary of
State, 141; 145, 307; historical work of,
xii 829
Darwin, Charles, xi 366; The Origin of
Species, xn 772 sq.; 774
Erasmus, vni 765 ; x 699 sq.
Dashkoff, Princess Catharine, vi 661 sq.;
679 ; 697 sq.
Dashwood, Sir Francis. See Le Despencer,
Lord
Dataria, attempts to reform, n 673
Dathenus, Peter, Protestant preacher, in
251, 252
Dati, Agostino, of Siena, i 648
Giuliano, the Oratory of Divine Love
and, II 379
Da Torre, Count, and Pernambuco, iv
708
Daubeney, Giles, 1st Lord, i 469 sq.
Daulat Bao Sindhia, Mah4raja of Gwalior,
XI 726
Daun, Count Leopold Joseph Maria,
Austrian Field-marshal, vi 260 sqq. ; 273
sqq.; at Olmiitz, 277 sq.; 280 sqq.; 287;
at Torgau, 296 sq. ; 299; 325 sq.; 626;
705
Wirich Philipp Lorenz, Count, cap-
tures Naples, V 419; 425
Daunou, Pierre-C.-F., French politician,
vm 386; IX 4; xn 829
Dauphin^, army sent to pacify (1574), in
23; held by Huguenots (1575), 27; here-
tics in, 400, 403 sqq. ; Protestant interest
in, 661; invaded by the Duke of Savoy
(1692), V 60 ; Belleisle retreats to, vi 245;
and Provincial Assemblies, vin 111 sq. ;
spirit of resistance in (1788), 112 sqq.,
116; and States General, 129
Dauvergne, Henri, discovers the source of
the Oxus, XII 802
Davanzati-Bosticho, Bernardo, his Tacitus^
m 471
Davel, and Vaud, vi 625
D'Avenant, Sir William, dramatist, v 125
sq.; 136; 745
Davenport, Puritan minister at New Haven,
VII 20
Daventry, Ingoldsby at, rv 557
Daverhoult, Jean-A., member of Club des
Feuillants, viii 213
David, Jacques-L., French painter, vin 247,
356, 364, 501 ; picture by, ix 60 ; 134,
135; X 103
Pierre-Jean, sculptor, x 103
Davidovich, Baron Paul, Austrian general,
vin 678 sqq.
Davids, precursors of the submarine, vn
564
Davis, Jefferson, vn 403 ; Secretary of War,
426; 447; Confederate President, 461,
462, 622 sq., 603 sq. ; and peace negotia-
tions, 535 sq., 542; 538; captured, 543;
death of, i6., 578; 581; xi337; xn 16
or Davys, John, navigator, and Dutch
commercial jealousy, iv 734; xn 814
Sir John, in 613, 615; Speaker in
Irish Parliament, iv 515 sq.
Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong-
kong, XI 814
Thomas Osborne, and Young Ireland
party, xi 7; 13
Davison, William, in 292
Davitt, Michael, Irish politician, xn 76;
81
Davos, principal seat of the Zehngerichten,
IV 36 sq. ; 41 ; Protestants of, 47 sq. ;
Strafgericht at, 47-8, dissolved, 50 ; dis-
armed by Baldiron, 65; de Coeuvres at,
58
Davout, Louis-Nicolas, Prince of Eckmuhl,
Marshal of France, ix 112 ; 252 ; crosses
the Rhine, 253; 257; at Pressburg, 258;
260 ; commands 3rd corps, 275 ; at Auer-
Btadt, 276-7; marches through Berlin,
278; Kiistrin surrenders to, 280; ad-
vances to Posen, 281 ; 283-4 ; at Eylau,
316
General Index.
286; 335; policy of, 338; 339; com-
mander of French troops in central
Germany, 346 ; 347-9 ; defeats Austrians
near Markgrafen-Neusiedel, 353 ; letter
of Napoleon to (September 2, 1810), 373;
reports of, from Hamburg, 374; com>
mander of the French army in N. Ger-
many, 378; and the Eussian campaign,
488 sqq. ; 508 ; appointed governor on
the Lower Elbe, 515; 520, 625, 530;
plots commanicated to, 572-3 ; in the
War Office, 616; 645
Davy, Sir Humphry, x 741; xn 730; 769;
778
Davydoff, Denis W., Eussian general,
harasses French retreat, ix 497
Dawson, George, x 649
Dax, Bishop of. See Acqs
Day, Francis, builder of Fort St George,
V 698
George, Bishop of Chichester, ii 501,
521
Thomas, writer, viii 755, 765
William E., American Secretary of
State, vn 682
De Aar, the Boers and, xii 642
Deak, Francis, Hungarian politician, xi
172; 181 sq.; 203; and Constitutional
party, 216 ; 400 ; 405 sq. ; writings of,
426 ; XII 178 sqq. ; and Hungarian de-
mands, 182 sq. ; 204 ; death of, 190
De Amicis, Edmondo, Italian writer, xii 231
Deane, Sir Anthony, Commissioner of Eng-
lish navy, v 170 sq. ; 177
Eicbard, admiral, naval administra-
tion and, IV 4«0 ; 480
Silas, American statesman, vii 210
Dearborn, Henry, American general, vu
341
Deasy, Heury Hugh Peter, traveller, xii 804
Debbeh, Eiippell at, xii 806
Debitz, Eric, Swedish commander, iv 244
sq.
Debreczen, Kossuth at, xi 203 ; 204 sq. ;
the Hungarian Diet at, 207 ; 214 ; 425
Debry, Jean- A., member of the Legislative
Assembly, viii 515
Decaen, Cointe, French general, ix 67 ; sails
for the Indies, 209 ; Suchet joins, 479 ;
command of, in 1815, 624
Claude-Theodore, French general
(1870), XI 689 sq.
Decapolis, revolt in (1834), x 559
Decatur, Stephen, American naval officer,
VII 339
Decazes, 6lie, Due, x 13, 20 ; prefect of the
Paris police, 45; Minister of Police, 47;
49 ; 50 ; electoral coup d'etat of, 51 ; 52 ;
54 ; and army reforms, 55 ; 56 ; ministry
of, 57-63 ; and the murder of the Due de
Berry, 63; estimate of, as a statesman,
ib.\ 64; 71; 73
Louis-C.-E.-A., Duo de Gliicks-
berg^ French ambassador at Madrid, xi
556; XII 97; 109; 114
Deccan, The, Aurangzeb and, v 699 ; Vol.
VI, Chap. XV (2) passim ; balance of power
in, IX 722 ; Wellesley in, 726
Decembrio, Pier Candido, Italian writer,
I 542
Deoius, Milanese jurist (1512), ii 30
Decker, Pierre Jacques Francois de, Belgian
statesman, xi 672
Declaratio Ferdinandea, iii 714
Declaration of Independence, American,
Vol. VII, Chap. VI (1761-76), 175-208
of Indulgence, of March, 1672, v 206
sqq.; of April, 1687, 235; character
and effects of, 237 sqq. ; 335 ; reissued
(May, 1688), 336
of Eight. See Bill of Eights
Declaration of Sports revived, iv 279
De dementia, Calvin's Commentary on,
II 352 sq.
Decr^s, Denis, Duke, French Minister of
Marine, ix 213; Napoleon's directions to,
218; advice of, to Napoleon, 228; 237,
311, 616
Decretale, character of, iii 745
Dedel, Dutch envoy in London, x 644
Dederotti, John, of Minden, founder of
Bursfelde Congregation, i 631
De donatione Constantini Magni^ of Lorenzo
Valla, II 694
Dee, Dr John, iii 697
Defermon des Chapelieres, Jacques, In-
tendant-genSral, ix 118
Deffaudis, Baron, mission of, to Buenos
Ayres, xii 681
Defoe, Daniel, v 396; 467; 468 sq. ; vi
815 sqq. ; 833
De Freyne, Arthur French, Lord, xii 89
Degdyeff, Eussian terrorist, xii 311
Deggendorf, attack on, vi 238
Dego, Allies at, viii 561 sq.; surrenders, 506
De Grey, Thomas Philip de Grey, Earl,
Viceroy of Ireland, xi 8
De haeretico comburendo, statute, revived,
11 540
Dejean, Jean-Fran(?ois-Aim6, Comte, ix 9
Dekker, E. Douwes (" Multatuli "), Dutch
writer, xi 676
Thomas, in 376
Delaborde, Comte Henri-Francois, French
general, besieges Toulouse, ix 617
Delacroix, Ferdinand- Victor-Eugene, x 103 ;
XI 528 ; XII 831
■ de Constant, Charles, French Foreign
Minister, viu 507 sq.
Delagoa Bay, Boers at, xi 781 ; 782 ; 789 ;
XII 635; dispute concerning, 270, 635;
640
Del Aguila, Don Juan, ui 532 ; leads in-
vasion of Ireland, 608-9
Delalot, Charles, x 74; 80; 91
Delamere, Henry Booth, 2nd Lord (after'
wards Earl of Warrington), supports the
Prince of Orange, v 246
Delaroche, Hippolyte (Paul), painter, zx
528
General Index,
317
Delauney, commands the Army of the
Moselle, viu 427
Delavigne, Jeau-FranQois-Casimir, poet, xi
528
Delaware, settlement of, vii 40 sqq., 60 sq.;
162 ; constitution of, 237, 242 ; and An-
napolis Convention, 244; and Constitu-
tional Convention, 246 sq., 252, 255, 258,
263 sq., 269, 271, 281 sq., 285 sq.; accepts
Constitution, 302 ; representation of, 306 ;
trade of, 355 ; population of, 359 ; up-
holds Tariff, 381; slavery in, 385, 585;
and secession, 453
river, settlement from Brainford
near, vii 26 ; Swedish colony on the south
bank of, 40 sq. ; Howe's operations on,
213 sq. ; British base at (1813), 341 ;
steamboats on, 351
Thomas West, 3rd or 12th Baron,
Governor of Virginia, vii 6 sq.
Delbecq, Baron P. J. du Chamge, French
commander, viii 439
Delbrel, Pierre, French Commissioner with
the army in Spain, VIII 440; andBrumaire,
682
Delbruck, Martin Friedrioh Rudolf von,
Prussian statesman, xi 394; xn 150;
152; 167
Del Campillo, Don Joseph, Spanish states-
man, VI 157; 159; 166; 362; 382
Delcass6, Th^ophile, French statesman, xn
132
Del Castillo, Hernando, Spanish writer, i
379
Del Corro, Antonio, Spanish Reformer, ii
406
Del Daero, Manuel de la Concha, Marques,
Spanish general, x 242 ; xi 656
Delescluze, Louis-Charles, French revolu-
tionary, XI 106 ; 114 ; 488 ; 502
Delessart, Antoine de Valdec, French
Minister of the Interior, vni 216;
Foreign Minister, 222; arrested, 223
Delessert, Benjamin, industrial experiments
of, IX 377
Fran9ois-Marie, French politician,
XI 127
Delft, William of Orange at, ni 242 ; Act of
Federation signed at (1576), 243 ; William
settles in, 257-9; States of Holland meet
at, 617 ; trading Company at, 632 ; Arch-
bishop Gebbard at, 708 ; Frederick Henry
and, IV 689, 715 ; William II of Orange
and, 725
Delhi, the interregnum at, v 697 ; 701 ; vi
508 ; captured by Bilbar, 509 ; 511 sq. ;
519 sqq. ; seized by Bah4dur Shah, 623 ;
524 sq. ; 568 ; 668 ; capture of, by Moham-
madans (1788), ix 719 ; and the Marathas,
726 ; Bourquin defeated near, 726 ; siege
of, 727 ; Shah Alam at, 730 ; xi 731 ;
746 ; capture of, 747 ; Durbar at, xn 466,
474, 495
Deligrad, Milan IV proclaimed at, xn 386
Delille, Jacques, French poet, vi 827
C. M. H.
Delisle, Leopold- Victor, French medievalist,
xn 834
Delia Casa, Giovanni See Benevento,
Archbishop of
Cisterna, Prince Emanuele, x 114
Pergola, Bartolommeo, ii 386
Porta, Bartolommeo (Fra Bartolom-
meo), Florentine artist, i 168
Egidio, follower of Zwingli, n
381
Giacomo, in 442
Giovanni Battista, v 716 ; 740
Rovere, Francesco. See Sixtus IV,
Pope
Girolamo. See Turin, Arch-
bishop of
Cardinal Giuliano. jS««Juliusn,
Pope
Giulio, Italian Protestant, n
382 sq.
Lavinia, ii 384, 387
Torre, Giulio, Spanish agent, opposes
Henry IV, iv 41
Valle, Andrea, ii 16
Delmas, J.-F.-B., member of the Comite
de Salut Public, vin 269
Delmenhorst, Denmark and, yi 736; 741
sq. ; 744; exchange of, 753
Del Nero, Bernardo, i 164, 173 sqq.
Delolme, Jean Louis, Swiss publicist, ix
427
Del Parque, Spanish general, ordered to
advance into Leon, ix 458; remnants
of the force of, 458
Delphi, excavations at, xn 845
Delphine, Madame de Stael's, ix 131
Del Principe, Island of, seized (1598), in 632
Del Pulgar, Hernando, Spanish chronicler,
I 381
Del Biego, Rafael, Spanish revolutionary
officer, X 215 sqq. ; the hymn of, 218 ;
220 sq. ; and the French refugees, 223 sq. ;
President of the Cortes (1822), 224 ; de-
feated, 228 ; hanged 230
Del Rio, member of the " Council of Blood,"
III 216, 218 sq.
Del Vasco, Alfonso Avalos, Marquis, m
105; sent on an embassy to Venice, 115;
dismi: uj the Signory, 116
Delvig, )n, Russian poet, x 431
Delyannt Iheodore, Greek statesman, at
Berlin, xn 395, 393 ; premier, 408 ; 420 ;
assassinated, 422
Delyanoff, Russian Minister, xn 315
Demarcjay, French Republican politician,
X 478
Dembe Wielkie, Polish success at (1831),
X 470
Dembinski, Henry, Polish general, x 472;
Hungarian Commander-in-chief, xi 206;
207; 210; at SzSreg, 211; 213; at Wid-
din, 215
Dembovski, Leon, and the Polish revolu-
tion, X 467
Demer river, French forces at, vi 246
20
318
General Index.
Demerara, taken by the British (1796), vm
484, IX 750; restored to Holland (1802),
75 ; lost (1803), 240 ; retained by Britain
(1814), 654, 755, x 520, xi 667; strike of
slaves in, 658
river, Dutch on, vi 186
Demerville, Dominique, Jacobin, arrested,
IX 17
Demetrius (Dmitri Samotzvanetz), the First
False Demetrius, claimant of the Russian
throne, and Sigismund, iv 175, v 497
sqq.; 524; 548
the Second False, iv 176 ; coronation
of, 189
Demmin, iv 196; taken by Gustavus
Adolphus, 199
Democracia, La, Spanish journal, xi 567
Democratie, La, French journal, xi 488
Demoivre, Abraham, mathematician, v 716
Demonte, aimexed to Saluzzo, in 419
Den, Russian journal, xi 625
Denain, battle of (1712), v 433 sq.
Denbigh, William Feilding, 1st Earl of, at
La Rochelle, iv 133
Dendermonde, Conference at (1566), iii 210;
taken by Parma, 618 ; captured by Marl-
borough (1706), v 416; and the Barrier
Treaties, 457, 459
Denfert-Rochereau , Pierre-M.-P, -A., Colonel,
defends Belfort, xi 606, 609
Denbam, Dixon, African explorer, xii 807 ;
810 sqq.
Denia, capture of (1708), v 426
Sandoval, Marquis of. See Lerma,
Duke of
Denifle, Heinrich Suso, German medievalist,
XII 848
Denman, Thomas, Lord, x 673 ; xi 9
Denmark
II xvii The Scandinavian North (1), 599-
617
IV iii The Protestant Collapse, (2) The
Lower-Saxon and Danish War
(1623-9), 85-109
V The Vasa in Sweden and Poland
(1560-1630), passim, 158-89
xlii The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), passiniy
387 sq.
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, passim,
395-433
XX The Scandinavian North (1559-
1660), 560-91
v xviii The Scandinavian Kingdoms,
passim, 558-83
xix Charles XII and the Great North-
ern War, passim, 584-615
VI xxi Denmark under the Bernstorffs
and Struensee, 735-57
IX ii The Armed Neutrality (1780-1801),
passim, 34-54
viii The Command of the Sea (1803-
15), passim, 208-43
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), passim, 294-340
Denmark {contd.)
XI xxiv Scandinavia (1815-70), (ii) Den-
mark, (iii) Dano - Norwegian
Literature (1815-65), 691-702
xn xi Scandinavia (1864-1908), 290-93
Denmark, Prince Eoyal of. See Fred-
erick VI
Dennewitz, battle of (1813), ix 529-30
Dennison, William, Governor of Ohio, vn
456
Denny, Sir Anthony, ii 475
Denon, Dominique- Vivant, French anti-
quary, viii 599 ; 605 sq. ; 616 ; ix 134
Denys, Nicholas, Colonial governor and
historian, vn 110 sqq.
Deogaon, Treaty of (1803), ix 726
Depretis, Agostino, Italian statesman, xn
214 sq. ; 217 ; 240
Deptford, Peter the Great at, v 623
De Quincey, Thomas, xi 361 sq. ; 365
Derbent, Peter the Great at, v 544; 545;
evacuated by Russia, vi 304 ; Sir Anthony
Jenkinson at, xn 793
Derby, Lambert's army at, iv 544; Duke
of Devonshire at, v 246 ; Prince Charles
at, VI 114; riots at (1817), x 578
Charlotte de la Tremouille, Coun-
tess of (wife of 7th Earl), holds Lathom
House for the King, iv 321
Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley,
14th Earl of (Lord Stanley), vn 636;
Irish Secretary, x 657 sq.; xn 71; and
the abolition of slavery, x 659; resigns,
662; 663; 666 sq.; 678; War and Colonial
Secretary (1841), xi 2 ; 9 ; and repeal of
the Corn Laws, 10 sq. ; and Protection,
20 ; refuses office, 21 ; Ministry of (1852),
ib.', and France, 308; 309; 320; Ministry
of (1858-9), 328 sqq.; resigns, 331; op-
poses Gladstone's financial scheme, 334 ;
third Ministry of, 340 sqq. ; retirement
of, 342; and Portugal, 574; and the
colonies, 762; and Canada, 771; xn 69
Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl
of (Lord Stanley), xi 330; 345; Foreign
Secretary, xn 30; 32 sq.; and Egypt, 40,
434; 41; 43; 141; 384; and the Eastern
Question, 387; resigns, 394
Edward G. V. Stanley, 17th Earl of
(Lord Stanley), Postmaster-General, xn
55
James Stanley (Lord Strange),
7th Earl of, repulsed at Manchester, iv
305
Dernei, Anton, printer, v 531
D^rouUde, Paul, French politician, xn
121
Derreira, Poncet at, xn 805
Derrinlaur Castle, captured (1674), in
596
Derry, claimed by Tyrone, ni 611; cap-
tured by O'Dogherty, 613; revolt of
(1688), V 307; 308; siege of (1689),
309, 311 sq., 315; George Dawson at, x
649
General Index.
319
Derry, Bishop of. See Bristol, F. A. Her-
vey, 4th Earl of
Derschavin, Gabriel Eomanovich, Eussian
poet, VI 698
Dervies, von, constructs railways in Kussia,
XI 619
Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, 8rd Earl
of, VI 101; 103
Des Adrets, Baron, and massacre at Orange,
ni 3
Desaix {or Dessaix) de Veygoux, L.-C.-A.,
commander in Egypt, vni 600 sqq., 607,
614; IX 62-3
Desalliers, French Minister in Transylvania,
V 696
Desargues, Gerard, mathematician, Pascal
and, IV 794; v 710
Desborough, Major-General John, iv 444;
448 sq. ; Eichard Cromwell and, 451 sq.
Descartes, Bene, ii 690 sq., 710; Christina
of Sweden and, iv 574 sq.; in Holland,
722; see Chap, xxvii, 776-87; influence
of, on French literature, v 64 sqq. ; and
Leibniz, 69; and Catholicism, 72 sq. ;
82 ; and mathematical science, 710 sqq. ;
714 sq.; 719; 723; 733 sq.; 739; 741;
and Queen Christina, 744; 750; 762;
755; viii 5
Deschamps, Antony, x 101
Emile, French poet, x 101; xi 507
Deschanel, Paul, French politician, xii 126
Deseret. See Utah
Des^ze, Eaymond, barrister at Bordeaux,
advocate for Louis XVI, vin 257
Desfieux, FranQois, member of the Com-
mittee of Insurrection, viii 265, 342
Desforgues, Franpois-L.-M. Chenain, Min-
ister of Foreign Afifairs, vin 339
Desgenettes, Baron N.-E.-Dufriche, viii 606
Desgodins, Abb^, in China, xii 797
Des Hayes, Louis, Baron de Courmenin,
IV 90
Desima, Dutch factory in Japan removed
to, IV 712, XII 556
D6sirade, reduced (1808), ix 240
Desjardins, Paul, xii 119
Desmarets, Nicolas, French financier, and
taxation, v 28; viii 69
Desmeuniers, Jean-Nicolas, and the Con-
stitutional Committee, viii 183
Desmond, "undertakers" in, in 599
the clan of, in 529
Eleanor Butler, Countess of, 2nd wife
of Earl Gerald, in 595
Gerald Fitzjames Fitzgerald, 15th
Earl of (1558-83), in 594 sq.
James Fitzjohn Fitzgerald, 11th Earl
of (1520-29), III 581
James Fitzjohn Fitzgerald, 14th Earl
of (1540-58), m 583
James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, 13th
Earl of (1534-40), murdered, in 594
Sir John Fitzgerald, Captain of, in
594 sq.
Sir Thomas of (Thomas Eoe), m 696
Desmoulins, Benoit-Camille, French journal-
ist, VIII 8, 161, 163, 168, 247; Les
Revolutions de France et de Brabant,
329 ; and Le Vieux Gordeliery 360 sq. ;
trial and execution of, 363 sq.
Desmousseaux de Givr6, Bernard-Jean-
Echard, xi 41
Desna river, Lithuanian boundary, v 481
Despena Perros, Vedel sent to secure the,
IX 437
Despinoy, Comte Hyacinthe-F.-J., French
general, vm 574
Desportes, Philippe, in 61, 71, 376
Despr^s-Crassier, E.-Philibert, general in
Spain, VIII 439
Des Querdes. See Cr^vecceur
Dessau, Bridge of, Wallenstein at, iv 95 ;
York at, ix 515; siege of (1813), 532
See Anhalt-Dessau
Dessewffy, Count Emil, Hungarian poli-
tician, XII 176
Dessoles, Jean- Joseph-Paul- Augustin, Mar-
quis, Commandant of the National Guard,
IX 557; 558; President of the CouncD,
X 57; 61; resigns, 62
Destaing, J.-Zacharie, General, at Aboukir,
VIII 614 sq.
Destenave, African explorer, xii 129
Des Touches, French admiral, vi 453
Destournelle, Louis Deschamps, French
Minister, vin 339
Destrem, Hugues, politician, and Brumaire,
VIII 683
Destutt de Tracy, Comte Antoine-C.-V.,
French Minister of Marine, xi 118
Des Ursins. See Orsiui
Detring, official of the Chinese Customs
Service, xn 526
Detroit, settlement at, vii 356
river, Hull crosses (1812), vii 337
Dettingen, George II at, vi 109 ; 238 ; 250
Deutsche Zeitung, xi 62
Deventer, educational work at, i 435 sq. ;
surrender of, in 622; siege of (1691),
626
See Prouninck
Devereux, Captain, murderer of Wallen-
stein, IV 242
Deveria, Eugene, x 103
Devernaki, Ottoman force defeated at (1823),
X 181
Devicota, Indian port, vi 538
Devolution, War of, v 33 ; origin and course
of, 36 sqq. ; 199 sq. ; Brandenburg and,
649 sq.
Devonshire, Hopton in, iv 308, 313; petitions
for a free Parliament, 649
Edward Courtenay, Earl of, n 618;
620; 523-8; 544
Elizabeth (Foster), Duchess of (2nd
wife of 5th Duke), x 138; 151
Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th
Duke of (Lord Hartington), xi 331; xn
23; leader of Opposition, 32; Secretary
for India, 36 ; 43 ; and Home Eule Bill,
20—2
820
General Index.
44; 45; 52; resigns, 54; 80; 83; Secre-
tary of State for India, 472, 476
Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st Duke
(4th Earl) of, v 216; 240; 242; 246
William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of, vi
13
William Cavendish, 4th Duke of
(Marquis of Hartington), vi 75; 404 sq.;
424 sq.; resigns, 428; 431; 489
J)6vot8, The French, 17th century religious
party, v 73
Dewey, George, American admiral, vn 679
Deza, Bishop, massacres the Moors, ni
494
Dezpuch, Ausias, nominated Bishop of
Saragossa, i 658
Dharmsala, death of Lord Elgin at, xi
752
Dholpur, Dadi Kashji at, xi 738
Dhondev Pant. See Nana Sahib
Dhulip Sing, xi 738
Dial, The, Transcendentalism in, vn 739
Dialogue de Manant et Maheustre, in 764
Diamantina river, squatters on, xn 619
Diamond Hill, Botha defeated at, xn 643
Book (Martinique), ix 221 ; 224
Diario de Madrid, x 210; 229
Dias, Bartolomeo, Portuguese explorer, 1 17,
19 ; reaches Cape of Good Hope, 20, 22,
285
Henrique, leader in Brazilian revolt,
V 674
Diaz, Alfonso, murder of Juan Diaz by, n
403
Diniz, explorer of African coast, 1 14
Juan, Spanish Eeformer, murdered,
n 254, 403
Pastor, and Spanish marriage ques-
tion, XI 554
Porfirio, President of Mexican Re-
public, X 305 ; XI 477 ; xn 6 ; 676 sq.
Dickens, Charles, x 724 ; xi 358 sqq.
Guy, British attache at Berlin, vi
212
Dickinson, Daniel S., member of Congress
from New York, vn 398
John, American statesman, vn 179,
182, 203 sq., 234; at Constitutional Con-
vention, Chap. VII passim
Dickson, Major, commander in Spanish
foreign legion, x 227
African explorer, xn 807
Diderot, Denis, v 70 sq. ; vi 165 ; and
Catharine II, 678, 698; 823; 826; 833;
837 ; vm 5, 26 sq., 32 ; xi 528
Diebitsch-Zabalkanski, Ivan K. F. A.,
Comte de Diebitsch and de Narden (Rus-
sian general), ix 611; x 200; advances
upon Constantinople, 202 ; 439 ; mission
of, to Berlin, 465; 468; and the Polish
revolution, 469 sqq.
Dieden, Colonel, takes Wesel, iv 693
Diedenhofen. See Thionville
Diedrichs, German admiral, xn 513
Diehl, Earl, German historian, xn 845
Diemen, Anthoni van, Dutch Governor-
General of the Indies, rv 711; 740
Diepo Negoro, Javanese leader, xi 667
Dieppe, occupied by Ormesby, m 3 ; Henry
IV at (1589), 48; Pennington at, iv 260
sq. ; Duo de Beaufort's fleet at, v 187;
harbour of, xn 102
Dieskau, Baron Ludwig August, vn 125
Diet of the Empire, constitution of, i 290
sq. ; procedure of, 291 ; cities represented
in, 302; proposed annual meetings of,
305, 308 sq. ; meetings of, at Frankfort
(1454), 666, (1485), 302, (1489), t6. ; at
Niirnberg (1491), ib., (1501), 311, (1522),
660; at Worms (1495), 303 sqq., (1497),
306 sq.; at Lindau (1496), 306; at Frei-
burg im Breisgau (1498), 307; at Augs-
burg (1500), 308, (1510), 319; at Cologne
(1505), 316, (1512), 320 sqq.; at Constance
(1507), 317; at Trier (1512), 320. {For
later meetings of the Diet see names of
places)
Diether, Archbishop, of Mainz. See Mainz
Dietrich, Archbishop, of Mainz. See Mainz
Dietrichstein, Sigismund von, councillor
of Maximilian I, i 326; commander
of Bohemian troops against peasants
(1525), n 182, 190
Dietz, the House of Nassau and, x 624,
XI 674
Diez, Friedrich C, philologer, xn 822
Henry Frederick von, Prussian envoy
at Constantinople, viii 316, 330 sq.
Dig, battle of (1804), ix 728
Digby, George, Baron. See Bristol, George,
2nd Earl of
Sir John, Lieutenant of Tower, i
473
John. See Bristol, John, 1st Earl of
Sir Kenelm, negotiates with Pope
Innocent X, iv 338; 529
Digeon, Emile, French politician, xi 503
Digges, Sir Dudley, imprisonment and re-
lease of, IV 265
Digne, provisional Government at, xi 138
Dijon, Parlement of, ni 664, v 4, vm 47;
school of sculpture at, i 414; revolt of
(1595), III 667 ; Napoleon's reserve army
at, IX 66; the Germans at, xi 604, 606;
609
Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth, xn 36; 40;
43
Dill, Sir Samuel, historian, xn 849
Dillenburg, birthplace of William of Orange,
m 189; exile of William of Orange
at, 213, 228, 231-3; part of, added to
grand duchy of Berg, ix 410; House of
Nassau and, x 524, xi 674
Dillingen, Jesuits at, ni 161; Franco-
Bavarian force at, v 408; 410
Dillingen Book, rv 110
Dillon, Comte Arthur de, French general,
vm 412
John, Irish politician, xn 78 ; 80 sq. ;
and the Plan of Campaign, 85
General Index,
321
Dillon, John Blake, and Young Ireland
party, xi 7; 13
Harold Arthur Lee Dillon, 17th
Viscount, XII 89
Dilolo, Lake, Livingstone at, xii 808
Dimitri. See Dmitri
Dinant, sack of, by Charles the Bold, i 422;
captured by French, n 89
Dindings, Great Britain and the, xn 532
Dingan, Zulu chief, xi 782
Dingelstedt, Franz, German poet, xi 60; 413
Ding-hu, Prjevalsky at, xii 798
Dingley, Nelson, American politician, vii
674
Dingolfing, storming of, vi 238
Dino, Dorothea de Courland, Duchesse de
(Gomtesse Edmond de P^rigord), after-
wards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de
Sagan, x 510
Dinwiddle, Kobert, Lieutenant-governor of
Virginia, vii 10, 66, 120, 125
Diodati, Charles, friend of Milton, v 118
General, departs from Pilsen, iv 241
Dippel, Johann Conrad, pietist, v 761
Directory, The French (Nov. 1795— Nov.
1799), formed, vni 393, 397; and the
army, 445 sq.; 472; Chap, xvi; and the
conquest of Italy, 564, 570, 584 sq., 589,
636; and the Egyptian Expedition, 596
sq., 618; and Brumaire, Chap, xxii;
finance of, 701 sq., 707; legislation of,
723 sq. ; policy of, in Switzerland, ix 95
sqq. ; Chap, xvi, 487-520 ; fall of, Chap.
XXII, 665-88
Discours de la M€thode, Vf 11^ ; 781 ; 784 ;
788
Disentis, Catholic commune of, iv 36, 47, 51
Disestablishment, of Irish Church, de-
manded by Gladstone, xi 344 sq.
Dispositio Achillea, i 297; v 624; 656
Disputationes Camaldunenses. See Landino
Disputations, Luther's, with John Eck,
n 135. See also Zurich, Baden, Bern,
Disputations at
Disraeli, Benjamin. See Beaconsfield
Dissenters, in Eussia, and Peter the Great,
V 529; in England, see Nonconformists
Dissertatio de ratione status in imperio
Romano-Germanico, and its effects, iv 384
Distelmeyer, Lampert, iii 153
Ditmarschen, revolt of peasants of, ii 601 ;
expedition of Frederick II against, iv
563 sq.
Divi, ceded to French, vi 539
Divine right of Kings, see Vol. in. Chap.
XXII, Political thought in the 16th century,
736-69 ; also as held by Bossuet, v 76 sq.
Dix, John Adams, American statesman and
general, vii 583, 600
Dixmude, taken by the Allies (1695), v 62
Dixon, Admiral, ix 45
Djezzar, Ahmed, Pasha of Acre, vm 607 sqq.
Djokjokarta, Javanese rising in, xi 667
Djunis, Servian defeat at, xn 386
Dlotovsky, Erast, policy of, xi 629
Dmitri, son of Ivan IV, Tsar, v 495 ; 499
the False. See Demetrius
Dmowski, Eoman, Polish patriot, xn 338
sq.; 372
Dnieper river, v 605; Cossack fortress on,
601; Turkey and, VI 305; 307; 674; 695
Dniester river, Turkey and, vi 304; 307;
676
Doab, the Marathas and the, ix 724 ; Freneh
dominion in the, 725; 727
Dobell, Sydney Thompson, poet, xi 352
Doberschiitz, heights of, vi 290
Doblhoff-Dier, Baron Anton von, Austrian
statesman, xi 176; 182; 186
Dobre, fight at (1831), x 469
Dobrolyiiboff, Nikolai A., Eussian writer,
XII 297
Dobrowsky, Josef, Cech writer, xi 653 sqq.
Dobrudja, The, xn 388; 392; Roumania
and, 397
Dobrzyn, Palatinate of, m 87
Elector of Polish Palatinate of, in
87
Dobsen, Claude-Emmanuel, viii 272 sq.
Doctor Faustus, Marlowe's, in 374
Doctrinaires, of the Restoration, Vol. x,
Chaps, n and xv passim
Docwra, Sir Henry, in 608-9
D6czi, Peter, Hungarian diplomatist, i
343
Doda, Prenk Bib, Mirdite prince, xn 402
Dodds, French native officer in Dahomey,
XII 129
Dodge, Henry, nominated for President
of the United States, vii 399
Dodington, George Bubb. See Melcombe,
Lord
Dodoens, Eembert, botanist, v 734
Dobling, Count Sz^chenyi at, xi 401
Dollinger, Johann Joseph Ignatius, church
historian, xi 708; 717; 719; excom-
munication of, 723; xn 148; 825; 848
Domitz, Ban6r's fight at, iv 366; capture
of fortress of (1809), ix 357
Donhoff, Countess Sophia von, xi 193
Dornberg, Baron W. C. von, ix 356; at
Liineburg, 515 ; negligence of, 626
Dorpfeld, Wilhelm, archaeologist, xn 845
Dogali, Italian defeat at, xn 240
Dogger Bank incident, xn 594; 719; 724
Dohna, Count Achatius von, at Heilbronn,
IV 28
Christoph von, Prussian general, vi
277; 279 sq.; 287; 291 sq.
Count Christopher von, rv 17; and
James I, 24; 29; envoy at the Hague,
V 152 sq.
Fabian von, German general (1587),
in 43
Hannibal von, and George WiUiam
of Brandenburg, iv 92
Dokhturoff, Eussian lieut.-colonel of
Hussars, defends Smolensk, ix 493; at
Malo-Yaroslavetz, 499
Dol, occupied by the Vendeans, vm 366
822
General Index,
Dolben, Sir William, vi 473
Bolder, Landammann, member qi Swiss
Directory, ix 97
Ddle, besieged by Cond^, iv 370 sq. ; Gari-
baldi at, zi 604
Dolet, 6tienne, i 577; n 288; death of,
291
Dolfin, Piero, Venetian merchant in Chios,
I 286
Dolgoruki or Dolgorukoff, family, persecu-
tion of, VI 302
Alexis, Prince, v 655
Catharine, Princess, v 555
George, founder of Moscow, v 477
George, Prince, sent to Berlin, ix
255 ; interview with Napoleon, 259 ; 262
Vasili, Prince, xi 614
Vasily, Prince, Eussian ambassador
in Sweden, v 651
Vasily Lukich, Prince, Russian
statesman, v 553 sq.
Vasily Vladimirovich, Prince, Rus-
sian general, v 554
Princes, xn 333
Dolhain, Adrian de Berghes, Lord of, iii
228 sq.
Dolman, Colonel, envoy in Holland, v 140
Dolmos, Fernam, lord of Terceira and
**Antilha," i 20
Domaine d'Occident, vn 87, 91, 107
Domat, Jean, ix 162
Dombrovski, General John Henry, ix 40;
X 453
Domenichi, Domenico di. See Torcello,
Bishop of
Domenico, Fra, da Pescia, follower of
Savonarola, i 147, 181 sqq.
Fr^, da Ponzo, Franciscan rival of
Savonarola, i 151, 162
Domfront, Montgomery captured at, ni 23
Domhardt, Johann Friedrich von, Prussian
official, VI 733
Dominica, the French and, v 687 ; England
and, VI 185 sq.; 426; 428; 436; taken
by French (1778), 451; 464; French
attack on (1805), ix 221 ; trade of, xn 654
Dominican Observantists, Savonarola's new
Congregation, i 148 sqq.
Dominicans, Order of the, i 145, 149, 626 ;
and the religious revival in Germany, ii
lOfi, 161; expelled from San Marco, iii
390 ; at Nancy, xi 30. See also Religious
Orders
Dominici, Giovanni, and the Renaissance,
II 3
Domitz, fortress of, vi 266
Dommartin, Elz^ard-Auguste, French
general, viii 444; 606
Domokos, XII 391; battle of, 422
Dompierre d'Hornoy, Charles-Marius-Al-
bert, French admiral, xii 108
Domstadtl, Pass of, battle of, vi 278 sq.;
286
Don, river, vi 304 ; Turkey and, 305 ; Cos-
sack district of the, zi 620
Donato, Leonardo, Doge of Venice, i 276
Niccold. See Aquileia, Archbishop of
Donaueschingen, Kray at, ix 57; 58
Donauworth, troubles in (1606), in 723 sqq.;
Gustavus Adolphus before, iv 214; 219;
Horn and Bernard of Weimar near, 227,
229, 231 ; taken by Ferdinand of Hun-
gary (1634), 244; and Thirty Years'
War, 409; battle of (1704), v 409; troops
at, VI 237 ; Grand Ajrmy crosses Danube
near, ix 254; French troops ordered to
concentrate at, 347; Napoleon enters
(1809), 348
Doncaster, Viscount. See Carlisle, James
Hay, Earl of
Doncourt, Germans at, xi 692
Dondukoff-Korsakoff, Prince, Russian Com-
missioner in Bulgaria, xn 403
Doneau, Hugues. See Donellus
Donegal, Spanish schemes in, iii 529, 531 ;
plantation of, 614
Marquis of, and the Steelboys, vi
491
Donellus (Hugues Doneau), French legist,
I 577 ; III 58 sq.
Donets district, factories in, xn 320
Donetz, river, Peter the Great and, vi 305
Dongan, Thomas, Governor of New York,
VII 42 sqq., 48; 88
Dongola, occupied by the Sirdar, xii 447 ;
805
Donker-Curtius, Dirk, Dutch statesman,
XI 663 ; 665 sq.
Donnadieu, Gabriel, Vicomte, general, ix
21; x60; 54; 74; 80
Donne, John, first of the Fantastic Poets,
IV 760 sqq.; Herbert and, 767 sq.; and
Italian poetry, 772 sq.
Donnersberg, part of, ceded to Bavaria, ix
658
Donoughmore, 2nd Earl of. See Hely-
Hutchinson
Doornkop, Dr Jameson surrenders at, xn
641
Doppelgrund, The, Russian army at, vi 285
'•Dopper" Church, in South Africa, xi 786
Doppet, Franpois-Am^dee, French com-
mander in Spain, vni 439
Dopping, Anthony, Bishop of Meath, v
320
Dorat, Jean (Auratus), French Hellenist,
I 577 ; m 64 sq.
Dorchester (Massachusetts), fortified, vn
17; emigrants from, settle in Connecticut,
18
Sir Dudley Carleton, Viscount (Lord
Carleton), in 649; English ambassador
to Paris, iv 263
Sir Guy Carleton, 1st Baron, Go-
vernor of Quebec, vn 171, 214, 216,
308; IX 742; x 687
Dore, Paul-Gustave, French painter, xn
831
Doreslaer, Isaac, v 138
Dorgut, Ottoman sea-captain, in 125
General Index.
323
Doria, Andrea (Genoese admiral), at Mar-
seilles, II 49; and Francis I, 57 sqq., 430;
aids Charles V, 69, 69; 74; at Nice, 77;
at Genoa, 69, 81 sq. ; in 105; seizes
Coron, 107-8; with Charles V on expedi-
tion to Tunis, 111 ; perfidy of, 114 sqq.,
135, 213, 397
Filippino (nephew of above), ii 58
Gian Andrea, admiral (the younger),
ni 486, 541, 668
Giannettino, adopted son of Andrea,
n82
Pietro, Genoese admiral, i 258 sq.
Dormans, fight of (1575), m 28
Dormer, Jane, marries Count of Feria, n
549
Dorner, Isaac August, German theologian,
XII 847
Dorn^s, Auguste, French politician, xi
113
Dorokhoff, Eussian officer, guerrilla warfare
under, ix 497
Doroszenko, Cossack Hetman, v 353 ; 355 ;
699
Dorothea of Denmark. See Palatinate
Dorp, Arend van, in 231 sq.
Dorpat, siege of (1625), iv 185, (1704), v 591;
University of, x 431, xi 267, xn 336
Dorsenne le Paige, Jean-Marie-Frangois,
Gomte, aids Marmont, ix 468
Dorset, "Bloody Assizes" in, v 232;
parliamentary representation of, x 608
Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Ist Duke
of. Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, vi 489
Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquis of, i
367, 480, 482
Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of
(3rd cr.), poems of, in 366 sq., 371
Dorsten, Treaty of (1639), iv 371
Dort, synod at (1586), m 621, (1618), 653,
IV 690, V 742, 744; 753; occupied by
the French (1795), vin 436
Dorth, Colonel Jan van, lord of Horst, at
Bahia, iv 704; death of, 705
Dortmund, compact at (1609), ni 730;
acquired by Prussia, ix 657
Dositheus. See Rostoff, Bishop of
Dossonville, Jean-Baptiste, police-super-
intendent in Paris, viu 612
Dost Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, vi 532 sq.;
535
Mohammad, Amir of Kabul, xi 731
sqq. ; 741 sq. ; and Lord Dalhousie, 744 ;
745 ; xn 458 sq. ; 475
Dostoievski, Feodor, Eussian writer, xi
660 sq.; xn 296
Dotrenge, Theodore, x 626, 529
Douai, and Treaty of Arras, in 251 ; semi-
nary at, 287, 350, 593 ; Archduke Albert's
army at, 673; taken by French (1667),
V 199, (1712), 434; 325 sq. ; besieged by
Marlborough (1710), 428 sq. ; 746; ParU-
ment of, vin 47; Irish scholars at, x
622, 630; lace machine introduced at,
744
Douay, Abel, French general, xi 583 sq.;
586; 598
Doudart de Lagr6e, explores the Mekong,
xn 131
Douglas, castle of, taken by the Covenanters,
IV 502
See Angus, Earl of
See Hamilton, Duke of
See Queensberry, Duke of
Gawain, Bishop of Dunkeld, n 691
Sir George, takes refuge in England,
n 454, 457
Sir Kenneth, lieutenant-general, vin
612
Lady Margaret, niece of Henry VIII,
n 445 ; marries Lennox, 468
Stephen Arnold, American politician,
vn 419, 426 sqq., 430, 435; and the
Illinois election, 436 sq. ; 439 sqq.,
444 sq., 600
Lieut. -general, besieges Athlone, v315
Doumer, Paul, Governor- General of Indo-
China, xii 528
Domnerc, French commissary-general, vni
416
Dourlens, submission of, m 663 ; siege of,
669
Douro, river, Wellesley's passage of, ix 451 ;
and the siege of Oporto, x 328 sqq.;
blockaded (1847), 339
Dover, Charles V at, n 45; Charles II
lands at, v 280; Secret Treaty of (June 1,
1670), V 40 sqq., 191, 204, 207, 210, 212 ;
Second Treaty of ('• traite simulS ") (Dec.
31, 1670), 154, 156, 204 sq., 212
Straits of, vn 327; defence of the,
IX 210; submarine telegraph under, xi
346
(New Hampshire), founded, vn 21
Lord. See Yorke, Sir Joseph
Doveton, Sir John, general, defeats the
Eaja of Nagpur, xi 726
Dovizi, Bernardo di. See Bibbiena
Dowdeswell, "William, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, vi 436; 437
Down, county, Schomberg lands in, v 312 ;
the Steelboys in, vi 491
Downing, Sir George, ambassador at the
Hague, V 107; 148 sq.
Downs, battle of the (1639), rv 700 sq., 707,
708
Downshire, Wills Hill, Marquis of (Viscount
Hillsborough), vi 378; 424; 430; Presi-
dent of the Board of Trade, 437; and
America (Colonial Secretary), 429 sq.,
447, vn 152 sqq. ; and Ireland, vi 498
Downton, Nicholas, iv 732 ; at Surat, 741 ;
745
D6zsa, George, Hungarian rebel, i 337;
historical novel about, xi 427
Dozy, Eeinhart P. A., historian, xn 846
Draga, Queen of Servia, xn 412 sq.
Dragashan, defeat of Ypsilanti at (1821),
X 179
Dragfy, suppresses rebels in Hungary, 1 337
324
General Index.
Drago, L. M., Argentine Foreign Minister,
XII 701
Dragonnades, m 769; invented (1681),
V 24; 87
Dragut, Arraiz, Turkish pirate, n 86,
268
Drake, Admiral Sir Francis, in 296-9;
knighted, 301 ; expedition to West Indies,
301 sq., 304 sqq., 414, 435, 492 sq., 502 sqq.,
641 ; Ti 65 ; expeditions of, vn 2 ; x 265 ;
272
Francis, British agent at Munich
(1803), IX 28; 30, 321
Roger, Governor of Calcutta, vi
652
Drakenberg Mountains, Natal frontier, xi
782; 783
Drakenborg, Lutheran victory over forces
of Charles V at, n 261
Drama (Macedonia), policing of, xn 426
Dramali. See Ali
Draper, Sir William, lieutenant-general,
VI 369; 427
Dred Scott v. Sandford case, vn 434 sqq.,
444
Dreikaiserbund (of 1872), xn 8 sq.
DreikonigsbUndniss (of 1849), xi 220 sqq.
Drente, invaded, v 150, 157
Drenteln, General, Russian police ofl&cial,
xn 306
Dresden, Patkul at, v 586, 594; 602; 620;
VI 231; capitulates, 244 ; 256; 273; 287;
288; occupied by Austrians (1759), 294;
296; Treaty of (1745), 244; 318; occupied
by Bavarian troops (1806), ix 279; Napo-
leon at (1807), 294, (1812), 487, (1813),
518, 524, 526, 530; occupied by the
Duke of Brunswick-Oels (1809), 357;
French troops in, 514; evacuated (1813),
515 ; Allies at, 518 ; Schwarzenberg
marches on, 523 ; battle of (Aug. 26-7),
ib., 525 sqq., 528; 541; proposed con-
ference at, XI 144, 153, 160; Metternich
at, 154; 217; disturbances in, 219; Con-
ferences of, 232 sq.
Dreux, battle of (1562), ii 584; Huguenots
attempt to seize, m 4 ; besieged by Henry
IV (1590), 48
Dreyfus, Alfred, French officer, xn 65 ; 112 ;
120 sq.; 126
Drogheda, Poynings' Parliament at (1494),
I 472; stormed by Cromwell, iv 435;
the Irish rebellion and, 523; siege of,
624, 631 sq. ; surrender and sack of,
533 sq.; WilUam III at, v 261; 309;
314
Dromore, rout of Protestant force at (1689),
V 307 sq.
Droste-Hiilshoff , BaronessAnnette Elisabeth
von, XI 414
Droste-Vischering, Baron, Archbishop of
Cologne. See Cologne
Drottningholm, Treaty of (1791), ix 37
Drouet, Jean-Baptiste, Comte d'Erlon. See
Erlon
Drouot, Francois- Joseph (Lamarche), com-
mands the Army of the North (1793),
viii 429
Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard, French Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs, xi 118 ; 121 sqq. ;
recalls Lesseps, 126; in London, 281;
322; 474; and Convention of Gastein,
479; 480; and Rome, 634; and Syrian
negotiations, 636
Droysen, Johann Gustav, German historian,
XI 160; 164; 195; xn 827 sq.; 845
Drucour, Governor of Louisbourg, vn 133
Drucz, river, Charles XII crosses, ▼ 698
Druey, Charles, Swiss statesman, xi 264
Drumann, Wilhelm, German historian, xn
843
Drumclog, Claverhouse defeated at (1679),
V 285
Drumcree, Peace of (1563), m 690
Drummond, John, English merchant in
Amsterdam, v 432
James, 2nd titular Duke of Perth,
VI 103
James, 3rd titular Duke of Perth,
VI 109; 111 sq.
Lord John, 4th titular Duke of
Perth, VI 109; 116; 117
Thomas, Under-Secretary for Ire-
land, X 677
William, of Hawthornden, denounces
the trial of Balmerino, iv 493
Drumont, Edouard, La France Juive, xn
120
Drury, Elizabeth, and Donne's Anniver-
$aries, iv 765
Sir William, supporter of Queen
Mary, ii 514; in 596, 601
Druses, tribe of Lebanon district, ix 385 ;
and Marouites, xi 276
Dryander, Francis. See Enzinas, Fran-
cisco de
James. See Enzinas, Jaime de
Dryden, John, and Beaumont and Fletcher,
IV 760; and Fantastic Poetry, 776; vl22;
125 ; heroic plays of, 126 sq. ; comedies
of, 129 sq. ; 131 ; poems of, 132 ; prose
writings of, 132 sq. ; satires of, 133 sqq. ;
and Shadwell, 134; religious poems of,
135 ; conversion of, 135, 234 ; 228 ; x 696 ;
714; 724 sq.
Duane, William John, American lawyer,
VII 383
Duarte, Francisoa, iv 720
Du Barail, Francois-Charles, French general
and statesman, xn 108
Du Barry, Marie-Jeanne Gomard de Vau-
bernier, Countess, vi 330; 356; 359; 373;
595
Du Bartas, SaUuste, in 61
Du Bellay, Guillaume, n 284 sqq.; in
64
Jean, Cardinal, n 281, 284, 287
Joachim, m 54 sqq., 71
Martin, in 64
Dubienka, battle of, viii 632
General Index,
326
Du Biez, Oudard, French marshal, be-
sieges Boulogne, ii 460
Dubitza, stormed by Loudon, viii 325
Dublin, siege of (1534), ii442; trade with
Bristol, III 679; Parliament at, 582;
Tyrone submits in, 611; Tyrone and
O'Cahan cited to, 612; County, English
in, ni 580 ; Cromwell at, iv 435 ; Parlia-
ment meets in (July 14, 1634), 518;
Strafiford at, 520 ; rebels fail to capture,
622; defence of, 523; Harcourt at, 524;
return of Ormonde to, 526; Glamorgan
arrested at, 529 ; peace proclaimed at, 530 ;
besieged by the Confederates, 631, 632 sq.;
final settlement and, 636; castle of, sur-
prised, 547; v261; Convention of Estates
at (1660), 301; James II at, 308, 315;
312; 314; William HI at, 316; disturb-
ances in, VI 485, 489, 491; distress in,
495, 503 ; 497 ; Volunteer Convention at,
601 sq.; 504; disaffection in (1792), ix
695; University of, 696; 705; Parlia-
mentary reform in, 697 ; 705 ; Fitzwilliam
in, 698 sq.; mails for, stopped, 701; and
the Union, 704; Emmet arrested in, 707;
discontent in (1808) , 708 ; Catholic traders
in, X 626 ; Association for Catholic relief,
627 sq., 632, 639; O'Connell leaves (1798),
630; XI 7; University of, 9; xii 38;
Trinity College, 29, 71 sq.; Catholic
University at, 71 sq. ; Parnell in, 75; 80;
Phoenix Park murders in, 81; National
Conference at, 82 ; 83 ; 762
Dublin Evening Post, The, x 635
Dublin Society, The, vi 484
Du Bocage, Manuel Maria Barbosa, Portu-
guese poet, VIII 784
Dubois, Guillaume, Cardinal, v 90; and
the negotiations with Great Britain, vi
26 sq.; 29 sq.; in London, 31; 38; 123
sq.; 126; 129 sq.; ministry of, 131; 134;
144; 587; death of, 127, 131; viii 9
Paul -Francois, French publicist,
X 96
Captain of the Paris Watch (1788),
VIII 115 ; Prefect of Police, ix 8; 11, 16,
21; discovers a plot (June, 1808), 137; 141
Duboi8-Cranc6, E. -L.-Alexis, viii 174, 340 ;
at Lyons, 346, 351; 366; Minister of
War, 432, 678
Du Bouchage, Gabriel Gratet, Vicomte, x
47; 64
Du Bourg, Anne, executed, n 296
Antoine, Chancellor under Francis I,
n 286, 296
Dubuisson, French physician, ix 143
Due, Fronton Le (Ducaeus), Jesuit, i 618
sq.; edits St Ghrysottom, iii 61
Du Camp, Maxime, x 616
Du Cange, Charles du Fresne, Seigneur,
III 61
Ducas, Demetrios, Cretan scholar at Alcaic,
II 400
Ducasse, Jean-Baptiste, French seaman,
V 69; 691
Du Cayla, Zo6 Talon, Comtesse, x 69
Du Chaillu, Paul, African explorer, xii 812
Du Chasteler, J. G. J. A., Marquis, sent to
recover Tyrol, ix 355
Duchatel, Charles-Marie-Tanneguy, Comte,
French Minister of Finance, x 497 ; 508 ;
511 ; Minister of the Interior, xi 96
Dutch painter, xii 249
Du Chayla, Abb6, murder of, v 26
Duchd, Jacob, American clergyman, vii
161
Duchesne, Andr6, iii 63
Louis, historian, xii 847 sq.
French general, in Tonkin, xn 131,
526; in Madagascar, 130
Duels, Jean-Fran<?ois, ix 132
Duckwitz, Arnold, German politician, xi
166; 227
Duckworth, Sir John Thomas, admiral,
IX 234; commands expedition to Con-
stantinople, 235; forces passage of the
Dardanelles, 388
Du Clerc, French seaman, v 679
Duclerc, Charles-Th^odore-Eug^ne, French
politician, xi 113
Du Clercq, Jacques, historian, i 430, 433
Ducos, Eoger, vni 669 sq. ; and Napoleon,
676 sq., 679, 683; provisional Consul,
686; IX 1; 6, 8
Theodore, French politician, xi 127
Ducp^tiaux, Edouard, Belgian politician,
X 532; 536 sq.
Ducrest, barber, pension of, viii 73
Ducret, the younger, chemist, ix 133
Du Croc, French ambassador to Mary
Queen of Scots, in 272 sqq.
Ducrot, Auguste-AIexandre, French general,
XI 698; 605 sqq.
Du Daugnon, French naval commander,
holds Brouage, rv 600 sq., 618; 613;
Governor of La Rochelle, 616; defeated
off R6, 617
Duddingston, Prince Charles at, vi 113
Du Deffand, Marquise, vi 767
Duderstadt, Wallenstein meets Tilly at,
IT 97
Dudevant, Amantine-L.-A. See Sand,
George
Dudley, Edmund, Minister of Henry VU,
I 477 sq.
Lord Guilford, marriage of, to Lady
Jane Grey, n 510 ; arrested, 518 ; executed,
528
Sir Henry, ii 505; plots against
Mary, 644
John. See Northumberland, Duke of
John William Ward, British Foreign
Secretary, x 197, 200
Joseph, Governor of Massachusetts,
vii 64 sq.
Lord Bobert. See Leicester, Earl
of
Diinewald, Count Johann Heinrich von,
Austrian general, v 367
Duppel, XI 167 ; capture of, 224 ; 440 sq.
326
General Index.
Diirer, Albreclit, i 323, 325; Triumph
of Maximilian, 326; 683; n 159; and
Erasmus, 167
Duero, Manuel de la Concha, Marques del.
See Del Duero
Diisseldorf, Eeformed congregation at, ni
705; meeting of Estates at, 716; •*Po8.
sessing" Princes in, 730; school of the
Beformed Church at, v 757; reform at,
IX 410 ; 411 ; revolutionary movement at,
XI 219
Du Fargis, French envoy to Spain, and the
Treaty of Monzon, iv 69, 675
Dufaure, J ules-Armand- Stanislas, French
statesman, x 511; xi 98; 115; Minister
of the Interior, 117, 128; 119; 126;
XII 101; 105; supports Thiers, 106 ; 107;
lllsq. ; 115; resigns, 116
Dufferin and Ava, Frederick T. Hamilton-
Temple-Blackwood, Marquis of, xi 636;
xn 23; and Egyptian affairs, 438 sq.,
450 ; Viceroy of India, 477 sqq.
Duffy, Charles Gavan, and the Young
Ireland party, xi 7
Dufour, William Henry, Swiss general,
XI 239 ; 250 sq. ; 255
Dufraisse, Marc, x 485; banished, xi 139
Dugommier, J.-F.-Coquille, French general,
VIII 352, 440
Dugonics, Andrew, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Dugua, Charles-F.-J., French general, viii
601 sq., 614
Duguay-Trouin, Eene, French admiral, v
59; 679; vi 391
Du Haillan, Bernard, French historian,
m 63
Du Hallier, Comte. See L'Hospital
Duhayet, Aubert, French ambassador to
the' Porte, ix 386
Dubesme, Comte Philippe - Guillaume,
French general, at Naples, vin 653; in
Catalonia, IX 239 ; 430,435,439; relieved
by Gouvion Saint-Cyr, 448
Duhot, General, in Paris, xi 100
Duich, Loch, Jacobites at, vi 106
Duisburg, University of, nr 789, 791, v 656
Duivelaud, island of, taken by Spaniards
(1575), III 242
Da Jon, Francois (Franciscus Junius),
Calvinist, at Antwerp, iii 201 ; death of,
647; IV 717
Duka, Count Peter von, Austrian field-
marshal, VIII 575
Dulaney, Daniel, Maryland jurist, vn 59;
legal arguments of. Chap, vi passim
Dulce, Domingo, Spanish general, xi 560;
569; xn 265
Dulcigno, ceded to Montenegro, xn 37;
390; 392; restored to Turkey, 396; 402
Du Luc, French ambassador to Switzerland,
VI 613; 615
Duma, in the early days of the Mus-
covite State, V 484 sq., 491 sq. ; councU
acts as a, 502; Eussian modern scheme
initiated, xn 351 sqq. ; Act establishing
Duma, 356 sqq.; meeting of the first,
364 sqq. ; the second, 372 sqq. ; the third,
375 sq. ; visit of leaders of, to England,
380
Dumanoir le Pelley, Comte Pierre-Etienne-
Een6-Marie, French rear-admiral, ix 54;
234
Dumas, Alexandre, in 548; x 101; 615;
725 sq.; xi 426 sq. ; dramas of, 515;
519
Alexandre, Jils, xi 616 sqq. ; 648
Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie,
French general, holds the S. Bernard and
Mont Ceuis, viii 438
Benoit, Governor of Pondicherry,
VI 533
Comte Matthieu, vin 213, 488, 607
Een6 - Francois, French politician,
executed, vin 371
Du Maurier, French ambassador to Maurice
of Orange, in 653
Dumay, Jean-Baptiste, Mayor of Creusot,
XI 503
Dumbarton Castle, in 282; taken by the
Covenanters, rv 502; vi 92; Bushell at,
107
Dumerbion, Pierre Jadar, French general,
vin 438
Dumfries, Treaty of Union burnt at, v
299
Dumfriesshire, recusants in, v 283
Dumolard, Joseph- Vincent, French deputy,
vm 488, 508
Dumonceau, Jean-Baptiste, General, ix 90
Dumont, Charles - Albert - Auguste - Eugene,
XII 118
Jean, the Letter to an Englishman,
▼ 514 ,
P.-Etienne-L., French publicist, vin
150, 748
Du Moulin, Peter, French divine, and
James I, v 743
Dumoulin, Charles, French legist, ni 59
Dumouriez, Charles - Francois, French
general, vi 355; Foreign Minister under
Louis XVI, vm 223 sq. ; Minister of
War, 227, 406 ; resigns, 228 ; in Paris,
259; at Neerwindeu, 268, 420 sq. ;
negotiates with Austria, 268, 421 sq.,
503; in Belgium, 299, 415 sqq.; at
Valmy, 410 sq. ; in Holland, 418 sq. ;
in Brussels, 420; ix 30
Dun, ceded to France, v 33
Dunajewski, Julian von, Austrian Minister
of Finance, xn 195
Dunainiinde, Swedish victory at (1701),
V 592; fortress of, vi 315
Dunbar, Mary Stewart carried to, ni 374 ;
battle of (1650), nr 435, 510; Cope at,
VI 113
Gawain, Bishop of Aberdeen, n 453
William, poet, n 691
Scottish merchant of Danzig, and
Charles X, rv 680
General Index.
327
Dunblane, Duke of Argyll at, vi 100
Bisliop of, Catholic envoy from Mary
Queen of Scots, m 272, 275
Dunboy, ceded to King of Spain, iii 632
Dunboyne, James Butler, 2nd Lord
(brother-in-law of Gerald, Earl of Des-
mond), III 596
Duncan, Adam, Viscount Camperdown,
vin 453 sq., 479, 481 ; at Camperdown,
482 sq. ; ix 40
major-general, defeated at Fyllebro,
V 669
Duncannon, captured by William III,
V 316
Lord. See Bessborough
Duncker, Maximilian Wolfgang, xi 164;
History of Antiquity^ xii 846
Dundalk, Norris at, iii 606; Mount] oy at,
608 ; Chichester at, 613 ; surrendered to
Inchiquin, iv 532 ; Schomberg at, v 312
sqq.
Dundas, Francis, General, in Cape Colony,
IX 750
Henry. See Melville
Dundee, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
John Graham of Claverhouse, Vis-
count, V 285; 288; 291 sqq.; death of,
312
William Graham, 5th titular Vis-
count of, VI 98
Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl
of, and the Radical movement, ix 688;
in South America, x 291 sqq., 295, 316
Dunes, battle of the (1658). See Dunkirk
Dungannon, vi 499; volunteers at, 501
Hugh, Baron of. See Tyrone
Matthew O'Neill (Pedoragh), Baron
of. See Tyrone
Dungeness, Anglo-Dutch naval action oft,
IV 474 sq., 478; French fleet at, vi 239
Dungern, Baron Emil August von, Nassau
statesman, xi 147
Dunin, Archbishop of Posen. See Posen
Dunkeld, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
Andrew Bruce, Bishop of, iii 267
Dunkirk, sack of, by French (1558), ii 93;
Spanish port, in 507 ; fleet of transports
ordered at, 623; pirates at, 634; Crom-
well and, IV 439; Anglo-French expedi-
tion against (1657), 440, 485; 540 sq.;
taken by the French (Oct. 11, 1646),
698; 611; France forced to abandon,
618; invested, 619; battle of (1658),
660; Dutch expeditions against (1631),
694, (1637), 698; Spaniards retreat to,
700 ; surrender of, to French and Dutch,
703; 706; v 14; 104; transferred to
France (1662), 106; 113; 423; 433; 440;
and Anglo-French Treaty, 442; vi 23;
Old Pretender at, 92 sq. ; 102 ; 110 ; 159 ;
239; and Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249;
331; 340; fortifications of, 345 sq., 429,
436; 464; besieged by English (1793),
vni 431 ; relieved, ih. ; French troops at,
IX 208-9 ; harbour of, xn 102
Dunmore, John, 4th Earl of. Governor of
Virginia, vii 164, 169
Dunning, burnt by the Jacobites, vi
102
John. See Ashburton, Lord
Dunnottar Castle, prisoners in, v 289
Dunois, Francois, Count of, i 393
Dunoyer, Barthelemy - Charles - Pierre -
Joseph, editor of Le Genseur, ix 569
Dunraven, Windham Thomas Wyndham-
Quin, 4th Earl of, xii 89
Dunrobin, Earl of Sutherland at, vi 99
Dunstable, Cranmer tries divorce question
at, II 440
Dupanloup. See Orleans, Bishop of
Dupaty, C.-M. Jean-Baptiste Mercier, ix
169
Du Perron, Cardinal J. D., French diplo-
. matist (1607), iii 684
Dupetit-Thouars, Abel Aubert, French
admiral, xi 35
Duphot, Leonard, French general, vm 637;
assassination of, x 132
Dupin, A.-M.-J.-J., x 91; 487; 489; and
Algiers, 603; and Mol6, 507; 508
Charles, x 493; xi 102; 116; 130
Claude, French farmer-general, viii
71
Du Plan, supporter of Savoy in Geneva,
m 414
Dupleix, Joseph, Governor-general of French
India, vi 533 sqq. ; defends Pondicherry,
638; 639; 641; fall of, 542; policy of,
543 sq. ; character of, 646 ; 546
Duplessis-Mornay. See Mornay
Du Plessis-Praslin. See Choiseul
Dupont, Samuel Francis, American admiral,
vii 654
de I'Eure, Jacques-Charles, x 484;
499; XI 102; 109; 124
de I'Etang, Comte Pierre, French
general, ix 254; ordered to Cadiz, 311;
at Baylen, 315; his armies at Bayonne,
430; corps of, 435-6; attacks Cordova,
437; failure and imprisonment of, 438;
439, 441; Minister of War, 657; 565,
568; succeeded by Soult, 571
de Nemours, Pierre-S., viii 21, 23,
86, 179; and the Court, 216; 488; 501,
515, 715
Duport, Adrien, member of the National
Assembly, vra 131, 174, 182, 187, 200
Duport-du-Tertre, M.-L.-FrauQois, Minister
of Justice under Louis XVI, viii 216,
222; executed, 357
Duportail, Leb^gue, Minister of War under
Louis XVI, vm 216 ; resigns, 220
Duprat, Cardinal Antoine, Chancellor of
France, n 95, 147, 284 sq. ; death of,
286
Pascal, French politician, xi 110;
112; XII 103
Dupuis, explorer, xii 524; 797
Dupuy, Charles-Alexandre, French states-
man, XII 121; 126
328
General Index.
Dupuy, Dominiqne, French general, Tin
603; killed, 606
Duquesne, Abraham, French seaman, v 44 ;
162; 183
de Menneville, Marquis, Governor
of New France, vn 98, 119
Durand, Sir Mortimer, mission of, to the
Amir, xn 482 sq. ; 487
Nicolas (Villegagnon), i 48 sq.
Durand-Maillane, Fierre-Toussaint, French
politician, viii 386
Durando, Giacomo, Italian Foreign Minister,
XI 65, 534
Giovanni, Italian general, xi 84 ; 86
Durandus (Guillaume Durand), French
Canonist, at Council of Vienne, i 620
Durango, Carlist capital, xii 260
Duranton, Antoine, Minister of Justice to
Louis XVI, VIII 223
Duras, Leopold, editor of Le National, xi
127
Due de, VI 334
Durban, capital of Natal, xi 782; Conven-
tion at, XII 646
D 'Urban, Sir Benjamin, Governor of Cape
Colony, XI 780 sq.
Duren, siege and capture of, by Charles V
(1543), n 77, 244
Durham, Catholic Earls in, iii 281
John George Lambton, 1st Earl of,
and parliamentary reform, x 603, 608 sq.,
614, 617 sq.; 655; resigns, 658; 665;
XI 16; and Canada, x 690, 692 sq., xi
755 sqq. ; 762 ; 765 sqq. ; and the West
Indies, xii 656
Durjan Sal, rebel Jat, xi 729
Durnov6, I., Kussian Minister of the In-
terior, xn 313; 326
P., Eussian Minister of the Interior,
XII 360 ; 362 sq. ; 365
Duroc, G.-C. -Michel, Due de Friuli, viii
564, 592, 616; ix 23; 60, 103; Napo-
leon's Grand Marshal of the Palace,
111; receives the Duchy of Friuli, t6.;
at Berlin, 251; 255; interview with
Lucchesini, 278; 301; Napoleon's in-
structions to, 302
Duroveray, Jean, Genevan democrat, assists
Mirabeau, viii 150
Duruy, Victor, French Minister of Public
Education, xi 476; 479; 484; attacked
by the Catholics, 485, 494; xii 93; 118;
131
Du Eyer, Pierre, French dramatic poet, v
68
Dusan, Stephen, of Servia, death of (1356),
I 67
Dusaulx, Jean, French writer and politician,
vm 247
Duschek, Francis, Hungarian Minister of
Finance, xi 212 sq.
Dusentschur, Anabaptist, at Mtinster, n
226 sq.
Dussen, Bruno van der, Dutch diplomatist,
T422; 427 sq.; 439
Dussindale, Ket defeated at, ii 493
Dutch RepubUc. See Netherlands, United
Provinces of the
Eeformed Church, in S. Africa, xi
785
Duteil, Republican politician, xi 137
Du Tertre, Jean-Baptiste, vn 97
Du Tillot, Parmesan Minister, vi 593 sq.
Dutoitspan, discovery of diamonds at, zi
787
Du Tremblay, Francois. See Joseph, P6re
Du Vair, Guillaume, Bishop of Lisieux.
See Lisieux, Bishop of
Du Val de Dampierre, Henri, Comte, com-
mands under Bucquoy, rv 23 ; 31
Duvelaer, Director of the French East
India Company, vi 542
Duvergier de Hauranne, Abb6 de Saint
Cyran. See Saint-Cyran
Prosper, x 95 ; 507 sq. ; xi 116 ;
XII 103
Duverne de Presle, T.-Laurent-M. (Theo-
dore Dunan), viir 505 sq., 511
Duverney, Paris, vi 134; 144
Duveyrier, Honor6-Nicolas-Marie, French
politician, ix 15
Duvivier, Franciade-Fleurus, French gene-
ral, XI 104; 113
Duwall, Swedish general, iv 219 ; Arnim's
Silesian scheme and, 236 ; death of, 247
Dvernicki, Joseph, Polish general, x 469;
471
Dybowski, African explorer, xii 130
Dybvad, George, Danish theologian, loses
his chair, iv 567
Dyevichesky monastery, v 523
Dykvelt, Everhard van Weede, Heer van,
Dutch envoy in England, v 235 ; 240 sq.
Dynter, Edmond of, Flemish historian, i
433
Dyson, Jeremiah, Clerk of the House of
Commons, vi 424 ; 427 ; 438 sq. ; 442
Dzieduszycki, Count Izydor, PoHsh writer,
XI 657
Dzierzgowski, Primate of Poland. See
Gnesen
Dzikowa, partisans of Stanislaus at, vi 197
Earle, Thomas, American lawyer, vn 388
William, General, and the Gordon
relief expedition, xn 442 sq.
Early, Jubal Anderson, Confederate general,
vn 531 sq. ; defeated by Sheridan (1865),
537
East Africa Company (Dutch), v 647;
(German), xn 661
East Anglia, spinning and weaving in,
X 735 sq.
Eastern Association, The, iv 311; 314; 321
Bengal and Assam, province of, xn
495
Question, The (Near), in the 18th
century, the European powers and. Vol.
viii. Chap. XI, 306-37; of early 19th
century, see Vol. x, Chap, vi passim,
General Index,
329
169-204, Chap, xvu, 545-72; of the
middle 19th century, see Vol. xi, Chap.
IX passim, especially 275-85, Chap, xi,
Crimean war, passim, 309-24, also Chap.
xxn passim, especially 635-47; of
late 19th and early 20th centuries, Vol.
xn, Chap, xiv. The Ottoman Empire
and the Balkan Peninsula, 381-428 ; for
Egypt, Chap, xv, 429-56; see also the
Far East
East Friesland, Mansfield in, iv 85 sq. ;
Brandenburg and, v 647; and Hanover,
IX 692, 654, 657
Edzard of, i 453
East India Company (Brandenburg), v 646
(Danish), chartered in 1614, iv 746
(Dutch), in 633 ; 638 sq. ; iv 694 ;
703 ; profits of, 710 ; centres of, 711 ; and
Japan, 712; and Oriental trade, 713;
Peace of Munster and, 716; 729; 731
sq. ; financial position of, 735, 744 sq. ;
agreement of June 1619 and, 737; 738;
740; 742; Joan Maurice of Nassau and,
753; V 138; 149; 693; 702; ti 188;
XX 749; end of, 754
(English), m 562; rival of the
Dutch, IV 713; foundation of, 729 sq,;
first expedition of, 731 ; comparison
between Dutch East India Company
and, 732; financial position of, 735;
agreement of June 1619 and, 737;
738; demands reparation for Amboina
"massacre," 739; 740 sq.; lays founda-
tions of British India, 742 ; 745 ; dependent
on the Crown, 746; v 108; 138; 149;
178 sq. ; 274 ; 692 ; operations and policy
of, 697 sqq. ; establishment of new
Company (1698), 700; union of the two
Companies, 701 ; 704 sq. ; Vol. vi, Chap.
XV (2) and (3) passim; 45; 49; 180;
438 ; 445 sq. ; 465 ; 467 ; 469 ; vii 157 sq. ;
see Vol. rx. Chap, xxui. The British
Empire (1783-1815); x 728; 760; xi
310; 329; 724 sqq.; Crown takes the
place of, 749 sqq.; and China trade,
804 sqq., 822
(French), attempts to organise, ni
694 ; V 12 sq. ; vi 173 sqq. ; Chap, xv (2)
passim ; vn 92 sq. ; Calonne forms a new
(1785-6), VIII 99
East Indies, Spanish navigation to, iv 744 ;
V 107 ; Dutch and English in, 108, 148
sq., 151, 154, 179; vi 57; England and,
248; Jesuits expelled from Portuguese
possessions in, 387; 429; 756; British
trade with, vn 4 ; foreign trade of, xi 15.
See also under Indies
(Dutch), abolition of slavery in, xi
666; 667 sq., xii 668
(French), ix 209; British fleet in,
219; insurance of merchantmen for,
242
Easton, Adam, Cardinal and Bishop of
Norwich, Bible Translations of, x 593,
597
Eastport, captured by the British (1814),
vn 344
East Betford, and the franchise, x 601
Eaton, Theophilus, forms colony of New
Haven, vn 20
Eberach, Henry, scholar at Erfurt, n 111
Peter, scholar at Erfurt, u 111
Eberlin, John, of Giinzburg, ii 159 sqq. ;
Utopian scheme of, 183 sq.
Ebersberg, forest of, and Hohenlinden, ix
67
Ebl§, Comte Jean-Baptiste, French general,
1x501
Eboli, Buy Gomez de Silva, Prince of, m
190; influence of, with Philip II, 476 sq.;
490; death of, 241, 514
Ana de Gomez de Silva Mendoza y
la Cerda, Princess of, and murder of
Escobedo, ni 515
Ebro river, French army of Spain on, ix
430, 441; Spanish armies on, 443
Ebusood El Amadi, m 128
Ecclesiastical Commission, becomes per-
manent in England, x 673 sq.
Court, of James II, v 234
Echagiie, Eafael, Spanish general, xi 569
Echigo, fight at, xi 859
Echizen clan and daimios. Vol. xi. Chap,
xxvm (2) passim
Eck, Dr Johann Maier (called Eck), contro-
versialist, 1 678 ; n 29 ; Obelisks of, against
Luther, 130 ; disputes with Luther, 134
sq. ; 138; 162; Loci Communes of, 172;
212; 240; 326
John (of Trier), n 140
Leonard von. Chancellor of Bavaria,
n 191
Eckeren, the Allies defeated at (1703), y
407
Eckernforde, Danish men-of-war at, xi 224
Eckhart, "Master," of Cologne, German
mystic, i 434
Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius von, German
numismatist, xn 816
Eckmuhl, battle of (1809), ix 349
Ecole des Charles, xn 834
Ecuador, Spanish conquest of, i 45; Re-
public of, formed (1830), x 296; xn 672
sq.; 678; 696; and Panama, 700. See
also under Colombia
Edam, and Act of Seclusion, v 143
Eden, Sir Ashley, envoy to Bhutan, xi 752
Sir Frederick Morton, Tlie State of
the Poor, x 782
Sir Morton, British Ambassador at
Vienna, vin 559 sq., 645, 660
Eichard, American works of, i 52
sqq.
William. See Auckland, Lord
Edgcumbe, Bichard Edgcumbe, 2nd Lord,
n 437
Edgecombe, Sir Richard, i 471
Edgehill, battle of (1642), it 307, 311
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, author, vni
756, 765
330
General Index.
Edgewortli de Firmont, Abbe Henry Essex,
confessor to Louis XVI, vni 261
Edhem Pasha, Turkish commander, zn
421
Edict of Beaulieu, ni 30
of Emancipation (1807), rx330; 331
of January (1562), n 304; ni 1, 2, 26
of July, The French (1661), ii 301
of Nantes, m 675 sqq., 681, 764;
revocation of, v 18, 21 sqq.; England
and, 60; 51 sqq.; 57; 87; 166; James II
and, 233; 654; vi614. >Sfe« ai«o Toleration
of Bestitution, French (1561), ii 303
of Bestitution, Imperial, iv 109-17 ;
233 ; suspended in Peace of Prague, 253 ;
395 ; Bishop of Osnabriick and, 401 ; 411 ;
414 ; 676 sq. ; Maximilian of Bavaria and,
679; Urban YIII and, 688
of Toleration, withdrawn (1588)
through Guise influence, in 511
of Villers-Cotterets (1539), ii 96
Edinburgh, burnt by the English, ii 459,
556; Scottish Reformation Parliament
at, 579; Treaty of (1560), 577, 581, m
266, 282 ; Lords of the Congregation in,
264 ; Town Council of, 268 ; Mary Stewart
at, 274-6 ; castle of, 282 sqq. ; supports
Scottish clergy, 651 ; and English
Liturgy, iv 496 sq. ; and " King's
Covenant," 499; castle of, taken by
Covenanters, 502; "Plotters "imprisoned
in, 505 ; Charles I in, ih. ; Cromwell
in, 508, 510; Dutch naval demonstration
against, v 188; 226; prisoners at, 286;
the Pope's effigy burnt at, 287; execu-
tions at, 287, 289 sq. ; 291 ; 299 ; castle
of, VI 92 ; 94 ; 98 sq. ; Porteous mob in,
108; 111; Prince Charles in, 112 sq.;
114 sq. ; and John Law, 169, 175;
Brougham at, x 665; Allan Ramsay's
theatre at, 701
Edinbargh Review, influence of, ix 687;
Lord Brougham and, x 675; 601; and
Wordsworth and Coleridge, 707; and
Byron, 711; 716; xi 362
Edinburgh, Alfred, Duke of. See Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha, Duke of
Edmunds, George Franklin. American
statesman, vii 653
Edrisi (Sharif al-Edrisi as-Sikilli al-Rod-
jari), Arab geographer, i 9
Education {see Schools and Universities,
hut also for slighter mention), Calvin's
system of, ii 372 sq. ; Zwingli's system
of, 31 8 ; effect of Enghsh suppression of
monasteries on, 468; Edward VI's reign
and, 603; in Austria, Joseph II and, vi
628; of secular clergy, 637; in Bel-
gium, clerical seminary at Louvain under
Joseph II, 649 sqq. ; in Canada, work
of the French and English missionaries
in, vn 101 sqq.; in Denmark, under
Christian VI, vi 739; in New England,
vn 68 sqq. ; in Ottoman Empire,
under Solyman the Magnificent, ni
127 sq. ; in Poland, •'Education Com-
mission" of "Delegation Diet," vi 671;
in Russia, under Catharine II, 692 sq. ;
in United States, unique character of,
VII 750 sq.
Education Acts, English, of 1839, x 679;
of 1870, XI 24 sq., 67 ; of 1902, 57 sqq.
Edward III, King of England, and Venice,
I 257
IV, King of England, i 390, 430,
463 sq. ; iii 738
VI, King of England, i 52 ; birth of,
n 448; reign of. Chap, xiv passim;
Prayerbook of, v 325 ; and Russian
trade, 513
■ VII, King of Great Britain (Prince
of Wales), iUness of (1872), xi 336, xii
46; marriage of, xi 338; xn 14; acces-
sion of, 53; 66; visits Ireland (1886), 82;
and France, 97 sq. ; and Germany, 172 ;
291; receives Duma leaders, 380; pro-
claimed Emperor of India, 495 ; 679 ; 722
Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin, Major-
General, in India, xi 740 sq. ; 744
Edwards, Jonathan, vn 60; theological
works of, 729 sq., 732 sq.
Effiat de Chilli et de Longumkau, Antoine
Coiffier de Ruz6, Marquis de, superin-
^ tendent of finances, iv 130 ; 151
Egalite, La, French journal, xn 123
Eger, Wallenstein murdered at, iv 242 sq. ;
taken by Wrangel, 392; 394
river, attack on, vi 234; 236; 255
Eggenberg, Prince Ulric von. Imperial
councillor, iv 68; 72; Wallenstein and,
94, 100, 105, in Moravia, 212, 238, 240 ;
death of, 252; conversion of, 400
Egidio. See Gil, Juan
Eglinton, Alexander Montgomerie or Seton,
6th Earl of, march of, upon Edinburgh,
IV 608
Egmont (North Holland), Descartes at,
IV 788
Charles of. See Gelders
John Perceval, 2nd Earl of, vi 424 ;
430; 435; 437
Lamoral, Count of, victorious at
Gravelines, n 93, 561 ; embassy to
England of, 525, 530; in 48-9, 184,
188 sqq., 203 sqq., 209 sqq. ; execution of,
and its effects, 220, 228, 511
Sabina of Bavaria, Countess of,
in 189
Egremont, Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl
of, VI 420; 424; 426; 480
Eguia, Francisco Ramon de, Spanish Min-
ister of War, X 209
Eguilles, Alexandre-J.-B. de Boyer, Mar-
quis de, vr 113
Egypt, at war with Turks, i 89; Ottoman
conquest of (1617), 91, in 117; Spanish,
etc. factories in, i 496 ; Leibniz and, v
696; VI 51; French advance into, 350;
the Osmanli Sultans and, 507 ; Napoleon's
Egyptian expedition, Vol. vin. Chap, xix,
General Index.
331
594-619; the struggle for the Mediter-
ranean (1798-9), Chap, xx, 620-32
passim; French designs upon (1801), ix
70 ; English occupation of, 72 ; restored
to Turkey (1802), 74, 78; French and
English withdraw from, 76; Sebastiani's
report on 103 ; French feint upon (1804),
216, 217 ; British defeat in (1807), 235 ;
designs of France and Russia on, 308,
310 sq., abandoned, 316; advance of
Turkish authority in, 387 ; French loss
of, 419; under Mehemet Ali, Vol. x,
Chap. XVII passim; 172; 176; France
and, 512 sq.; (1841-1907), Vol. xii,
Chap. XV ; British occupation of, 3, 40,
240 ; 5 ; 7 ; 34 ; Gladstone and, 49; 65 ;
88; 95; 132; Great Britain and, 161,
658; 428; 499; Concert of Europe and,
728; archaeological work in, 774, 845;
806; 811; 813
Ehlers, Martin, Professor of philosophy at
Kiel, viii 788
Ehrenberg, Philip Adolf von, Bishop of
Wurzburg. See Wiirzburg
Ehrenbreitstein, besieged and taken by the
French (1799), vin 641, 644, 654; ix
659
Ehren8vard,August,Swedi8hnavalengineer,
VI 775
Ehrhard, Albert, German scholar, xu
848
Eichendorff, Joseph von, Baron, German
poet, X 404 sq.
Eichhorn, J. A. F. E., Prussian statesman,
and the Customs' Union, x 373; xi
61 sq.
Karl Friedrich, German legal his-
torian, writings of, xii 818 sqq.; 846
Eichsfeld, The, Catholic reaction in, in
178, 180; Prussian acquisitions in, ix 78
Eickstedt, Hans Henrik, Danish general,
VI 751
Eider river, Prussian troops cross, xi 162 ;
338 ; and the Danish frontier, 693 sq.
Ein Aga, travellers at, xii 805, 813
Einarsen, Gisser. See Skalholt (Iceland),
Bishop of
Ein feste Burg ist unser Gottf Luther's
hymn, ii 201
Einsiedel, Count, Saxon Minister, x 374
Einsiedeln, pilgrimages to, n 105 ; town
of, and Schwyz, vi 625 ; political
meeting at, xi 242
Eisenach, Luther's life at,ii 109 sq.; Bandr
at, IV 372 ; vi 263 sq. ; Prussian force at,
265; 269
Eisleben, Luther born at, ii 109; Tilly at,
IV 204
Ekaterinodar, mutiny at, xii 362
Ekaterinoslaff, Russian military colony,
X 416; rising in, xii 363; 374
Elandslaagte, Boers repulsed at, xii 642
El Arish, fight at, viii 609; Treaty of
(1800), 617
El Aruan, French explorer in, xii 808
Elba, occupied by Cosimo de' Medici, ii 84,
88; Cosimo's schemes in, in 385, 391;
iron worked at, 392; Spanish fortress
in, VI 124; annexed by France, ix 75,
101 ; banishment of Napoleon to, 558-9 ;
Napoleon leaves, 573 ; granted to Tuscany,
654, 661
Elbe river, the Northern Mark and, v 617 ;
618; 627; 646; vi 234; Frederick n
crosses, 241; 242; 244; 257 sq. ; 263;
French troops on, 265 sq. ; crossed by the
Austrians, 296; 298; mouth of, to be
closed to English trade, ix 374; right
bank of, finally abandoned by Napoleon,
531; Allies cross (1813), 532; and
Heligoland, xii 167
Elb6e, M.-L. Gigot de, Vendean leader, vm
266, 353 sq.
Elberfeld, revolutionary meeting at, xi
219; 394
Elbeuf, Charles of Lorraine, Marquis of,
III 663
Ren6 of Lorraine, Marquis of, ii 576
Elbing, "proposition" of Gustavus Adol-
phus from, rv 190; capitulation of, to
Charles X, 428; Treaty of, 583; v 146;
acquired by Poland (1466), 634; 638;
641; 667
El Bodon, fight at (1811), ix 468
Elcho, David Wemyss, Lord, Jacobite,
VI 114
Eldon, John Scott, 1st Earl of, vi 466;
vm 761; ix 683; and Tory party,
686; and Edinburgh Review, 688; and
criminal law, 692; Lord Chancellor,
X 574; 580; and Canning, 591; 601;
618 ; and Catholic Emancipation Bill,
653
Electeur, Le, French journal, xi 488
Electoral College, i 291, 302, 309; the
meeting of six Electors (KurJUrstentag),
291, 311; Electoral Union {KmJUrsten-
verein), 292, 311
Electors Palatine. See Palatinate
El Empecinado (Juan Martin Diez), Spanish
guerrilla chief, x 211
Elena (of Montenegro), Queen of Italy,
consort of Victor Emmanuel II, xn
414
Eleonora (of Austria), daughter of Maxi-
milian I, Queen dowager of Portugal,
Queen of France, n 46; marriage of, to
Francis I, 51, 59, 427; 73; in 182
— — Magdalena, of Neuburg, Empress,
3rd wife of Emperor Leopold I, v 35
Maria, of Austria, Queen of Poland,
consort of Michael Wisniowiecki, v 41;
350 ; married to Charles Leopold, titular
Duke of Lorraine, 354 n.
Elf sborg, fall of, iv 163 ; Sweden compelled
to redeem, 166; deserts Sigismund, 172;
lost to Sweden, 179; in Danish hands,
180, 182
Elfsnabben, Swedish naval base, rv 571
Elgin Oommission (War Office), xn 59
332
General Index,
Elgin, James Bruce, 8th Earl of, Viceroy
of India, xi 752; Governor-general of
Canada, 760 sqq., 766 sqq.; in China,
812, 816 sqq.
Victor Alexander Brace, 9th Earl
of, Viceroy of India, xu 484 sqq.
Countess of, xi 767
El Goleah, railway to, xn 129
Eliaesen, Paul {Povel Helgesen), Danish
reformer and scholar, ii 606, 609, 613
Elias, Ney, explorer, xn 798 sq.
Elibank plot, vi 119
Elie, Jacobites at, vi 99
Elio, Don Francisco Xavier, Governor of
Montevideo, x 285 sq.
Eliot, Edward Granville, Lord {afterwards
3rd Earl of St Germans), x 235
George (Mary Ann Cross), x 724;
XI 360
Sir John, in Parliament, iv 263;
imprisonment and release of, 265 sq. ;
269; Petition of Eight and, 270; Third
Parliament and, 273 ; death of, in prison,
281; 318
John, missionary, vn 100
Eliott, George Augustus. See Heathfield,
Lord
Elizabeth (of Bavaria), Empress of Austria,
consort of Francis Joseph, xi 374 ; 401 ;
xn 175; 181; Andrassy and, 190
Queen of England, n 93, 441,
520, 524 sq., 529 sq. ; (as Princess) at
Hampton Court, 535 ; proposed marriage
of, to Archduke Ferdinand, 537; accused
of plotting, 544; accession and title of,
659 sq.; Paul IV and, 564; 565 sq.;
church settlement and first years, 568-98;
and French Keligious Wars, Vol. ni.
Chap. I passim ; negotiations for a French
marriage, ih.\ relations of, with Henry IV,
666, 670 sqq.; with Netherlands, 184,
Chaps, vn and xix passim; with the
German Princes, 710-1 ; with Mary,
Queen of Scots, and Scotland, Chap, vin ;
with her disaiiected Catholic subjects,
ib.; with Spain, Chaps, ix, xv and xvi
passim; last years of. Chap, x; age of,
in English Literature, Chap, xi; Ireland
under. Chap, xvm; Sixtus V's view of,
435; Bodin's view of, 748; principles of
toleration of, 755; and Erik XIV of
Sweden, iv 161, 163; and literature,
760 sq. ; and religious toleration, v 325,
330; Bull against, 326; vi 701
(of York), Queen of England, consort
of Edward IV, i 464, 466, 474
(Archduchess), daughter of Maxi-
milian II, Queen of France, consort of
Charles IX, marriage of, ni 15, 177;
and Phihp II, 699
(of Bavaria), Queen of Prussia, con-
sort of Frederick Wilham IV, xi 159
Queen of Boumania {*' Carmen
Sylva"), consort of Charles I, xi 646;
xn 414
Elizabeth (of Baden), Tsarina of Eussia,
consort of Alexander I, at Vienna, ix
681; X 436
Tsarina of Eussia, r 643; 647;
652 sq.; vi 143, 200; 240; 252 sq.; 291;
310 sq.; character of, 312; reign of, 313
sqq.; and Frederick the Great, 327; 340;
346; 399; and Prussia, 401; 657 sq.;
660; 741 sq.; Sweden and, 761; death
of, 298, 328, 661; x 426
(of Bourbon), Queen of Spain, con-
sort of Philip IV, betrothed to Prince of
Savoy, m 689 ; marriage of, to Phihp IV,
IV 625, 630
(Farnese), Queen of Spain, consort
of Philip V, the Eegency of, Vol. vi,
Chap, v passim; 25; 35; 67; 60; 65;
and Alberoni, 125; 126; character of,
122, 134 sqq., 167; 137; and the
Italian claims, 138 sq. ; 140 ; and
Eipperda, 142 sq. ; 144 ; and Prag-
matic Sanction, 202; schemes of, in
Italy, 236; and d'Argenson, 245; 249;
361 ; and Charles III, 366 sq. ; 696 sq. ;
death of, 372
(of Valois), Queen of Spain, 3rd
consort of PhiUp II, n 93 sq., 566;
marriage of, m 184, 264, 478, 483 sq. ;
death of, 490
(Stewart), Electress Palatine, ** Queen
of Bohemia," iv 29; crowned at Prague,
30; 67; exile of, 70; 78; devotion of
Christian of Halberstadt to, 79; estranged
from her son, Charles Lewis, 409 ; v 639
sq. ; VI 1
Christina (of Brunswiek-Wolfen-
biittel). Empress, consort of Charles VI,
V 432; 744; vi 143; 147
Elizabeth-Philippine-Marie-HelSne, Prin-
cess (Madame Elizabeth, sister of Louis
XVI), executed, vin 357; burial of, at
St Denis, ix 572
Ehzabeth (of Gorlitz). See Luxemburg
Ellandonan, Jacobites at, vi 105
Ellenborough, Edward Law, 1st Baron,
Lord Chief Justice, included in Cabinet,
IX 685; and criminal law, 692; x 579
Edward Law, 1st Earl of, xi 10;
President of the Board of Control, 328 ;
and annexation of Oudh, 329 sq. ;
Governor-geneial of India, 730, 734 sqq.;
recall of, 738
Ellerker, Sir Kalph, the Pilgrimage of Grace
and, II 446
Elleamere land, exploration of, xu 815
Sir Thomas Egerton, 1st Lord,
afterwards Viscount Brackley, Lord
Chancellor, ni 660
Ellet, Charles, American engineer, vn
499
Ellice Islands, annexation of, xn 667
EUiot, Sir Charles, Admiral, xi 806 sqq.
Sir George, Admiral, xi 808
Sir Gilbert, of Minto, Ti 424 sq. ;
Treasurer of the Navy, 442
General Index,
333
Elliot, Sir Gilbert (eon of above). See
Minto, 1st Earl of
' Hugh, British Minister at Copen-
hagen, VI 780 ; vm 279 sq.; and Mirabeau,
291 sq.
Ellis, George, and the Quarterly Review^
IX 687
Sir Henry, historian, xii 835
William, Indian official, vi 560 sq.
Ellsworth, Ephraim Elmer, assassinated
(1861), vn 464
Oliver, American statesman, at Con-
stitutional Convention (1787), vii 246,
251, 259 sqq., 279, 288, 294, 298
Ellwangen, Vicar-general appointed at, by
King Frederick I of Wiirtemberg, ix 202
Elmina, conquered by the Dutch, rv 751,
759
El Obeid, explorers at, xn 806, 811
Elphinston, John, Russian rear-admiral,
VI 355; 673
Elphinstone, George Keith. See Keith,
Viscount
Mountstuart, mission of, to Afghani-
stan, IX 732; Governor of Bombay, xi
725; 731
William George Keith, Major-gene-
ral, at Kabul, xi 733; 735
Elsass, the "New League" of towns of,
against Charles the Bold, i 295, 307;
the south of, acquired by Charles the
Bold, 390; Austria secures footing in,
in 709 ; French wars in, 712 ; troops
in (1610), 731-2; iv 142; French acqui-
sition of, 148 sq.; 246; France and,
247 sq. ; 251; 368; landgravate of,
assured to Bernard of Saxe- Weimar,
369 sq.; 376; 379; Erlach Governor in
Upper, 382 ; French troops in, 390 ; 392 ;
settlement of, in Peace of Westphalia,
405 sqq., 407, 416; 602; claims of
Spanish Habsburgs upon, 603; Harcourt
Governor of, 618; and Treaty of the
Pyrenees, 620; taken by French, v 44;
47 sq.; Louis XIV and, 165, 338;
413; 416; 420; 423; 425; French troops
in, 431; Peace of Ryswyk and, 453;
VI 123; 141; Austria and, 238 sqq.;
623; Prussians occupy (1793), viii 352,
426; and French Revolution, 398 sq. ;
Custine in, 423; ix 57; Jews of, 204
sq,; proposed cession of, to Germany,
590, 653, 664; the cotton industry in, x
753; 758; xi49; 219; workmen in, 301;
498; French army in, 681 sq.; the war
in, 583 sqq.; ceded by France, 612, xii
91, 96, 135 sqq.; 145; 147; 166
Elsfleth, Duke of Brunswick-Oels embarks
at, IX 357
Elsinore, Gambier appears off (1807), ix
236; British expedition at, 295
Elsintz, General, ix 58; 61-2
Elstowe, Henry, Warden of the Grey Friars,
n438
El Teb, battle of, xn 441
Elten, claimed by Murat, ix 272
El Trab, French explorer in, xii 808
Eltz, Jakob von, Archbishop of Trier. See
Trier
Elvas, Haro defeated at, iv 661 ; garrisoned
by Junot, ix 440
Ely O'Carroll, plantation of, rv 513
Elz, Wallenstein's Chancellor, imprison-
ment of, IV 242
El Zanj6n, Convention of, xn 264
Emancipation {see also Slavery and the
Slave-trade), for the Jews, and the French
Revolution, vm 790; of serfs, in Russia,
and the first edition of the Nakds, vi
689, XI 614 sqq.; xii 294; 300 sq.; of
slaves of French possessions, and the
French Revolution, vm 790 ; of women,
and the French Revolution, 790; of
women in general, movement for, in the
19th and 20th centuries, xn 762 sq.
Embabeh, entrenchments at, captured
(1798), vm 602; flotilla at, burned, 603
Emden, synod at (1571), m 705
Emeric-David, Toussaint-Bernard, ix 133
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, vii 739 sq.
Emery, Jacques-Andr^, member of the
French Ecclesiastical Commission (1809),
IX 196; 198
; Michel, Sieur de. See Particelli
Emigres, French, first flight of (1789),
VIII 165, the second, 185; measures of
the Legislative Assembly against (1791),
218 sqq. ; sketch of the movement, 501
sqq.; Bonaparte and, ix 15; proposed
indemnification for, x 83
Emilia, The, Murat in, ix 621; revolu-
tionary movement in (1830), x 120; xi
386 sqq.
Emilio, Paolo, Veronese historian, in 63-4
Emin Pasha, xn 812
Emly, William Monsell, Lord, xn 29
Emma, Queen of the Netherlands, consort
of William III, xn 245; 247
Emmanuel the Great (Manoel), King of
Portugal, I 31 sqq.; in 499 sq.
Infant of Portugal, vi 195
Philibert, Duke of Savoy. See
Savoy
Emmery, Jean-Louis-Claude, ix 151
Emmet, Robert, and the United Irishmen,
IX 706 sq. ; x 630 sq. ; 715
Thomas Addis, and the United
Irishmen, ix 700 sq.
Emo, Angelo, Venetian admiral, vi 606
Empaytaz, evangelist, and the Tsar, x 8
Empire, the Holy Roman
I ix Germany and the Empire, 288-
328
X Hungary and the Sclavonic King-
doms, passim, 329-46
xiii The Netherlands, passim, 417-62
II ii Habsburg and Valois (i), 36-65
iii Habsburg and Valois (ii), 66-103
m V The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian II, 140-81
334
General Index,
Empire, the Holy Roman {contd.)
in xxi The Empire under Eudolf 11, 696-
735
IV i The Outbreak of the Thirty Years'
War, 1-34
iii The Protestant Collapse (1620-30),
64-117
vi Gustavus Adolphus, 190-222
vii Wallenstein and Bernard of Wei-
mar (1632-5), 223-55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), 364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, 395-
433
V xii Austria, Poland and Turkey,
passim, 338-71
XX The origins of the Kingdom of
Prussia, passim, 616-38
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian King, passim, 639-72
[For the Spanish Succession, the
War of the Spanish Succession,
the Peace of Utrecht and sup-
plementary pacifications, see
also Chaps, xiii and xiv passim,
372-459]
VI xviii Joseph II, 626-56
IX ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
[See also Austria, Germany and
the various Imperial lands, and
the Emperors]
Empson, Sir Richard, Minister of Henry VII,
I 477
Ems, Eesolutions of (1786), x 145, 158;
the King of Prussia and Benedetti at,
XI 463, 578
Emser, Jerome, opponent of Luther, ii
168; translation of the Bible by, 172;
controversy of, with Zwingli, 321
Encina, Juan del, Spanish writer, i 380
Enckenvoert, William, Cardinal, ii 21
Enckhuysen, defeat of Spanish fleet at
(1573), in 287; ship-building at, 631;
and the Act of Seclusion, v 143
Enclosure Commissions, in England, ii 491
Encounter Bay, xi 792
Encyclop6die, The French, viii 1, 5, 26, 56
Endegeest, castle of, Descartes at, rv 785
Enderlin, podesta of Tirano, death of, iv
49
Endicott, Roger, Governor of Massachu-
setts, VII 15 sqq., 25
Enfantin, Prosper, French politician, xi
298
Engadine, The, iv 36 ; 39 ; Protestants of
the Upper, 44, 47 ; and Planta, 48 ; 52 ;
64; Archduke Leopold's claim on the
Lower, 55 ; Baldiron's seizure of the
Lower, f 6. ; 56; 58; 61; Austria and
religious freedom in the Lower, 63
Engel, Theodor, president of Russian
Government in Warsaw, x 474
Engelbrektsson, Olaf. See Trondhjem,
Archbishop of
Engels, Friedrich, socialist, x 757; xii 123;
152; 759
Engen, engagement at (1800), ix 58
Enghien, Anne Benedicta (of Bavaria),
Duchess of, v 349
Fran9ois de Bourbon, Count of,
II 77 sq., 97
Henri-Jules, Due de. See Cond6,
Henri- Jules de Bourbon, Prince de
Louis, Due de. See Conde, Louis II
de Bourbon, Prince de
Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon,
Due de, IX 30-1 ; murder of, 191 ; effect
of execution of, in Russia, 221; 245,
321 ; execution of, defended, 761
England
I xiv The Early Tudors, 463-92
[See also i, ii, xv. Economic
Change, especially 521 sqq.,
xvi especially 580-3 and xvii
passim]
II xiii Henry VIII, 416-73
xiv The Reformation under Edward
VI, 474-511
XV Philip and Mary, 512-49
xvi The Anglican Settlements and
the Scottish Reformation, 550-
98
III viii Mary Stewart, passim, 260-93
ix The Elizabethan Naval War with
Spain, 294-327
[For Elizabeth's relations with
the Dutch Republic, see 617-
23]
X The last years of Elizabeth, 328-
63
xi The Elizabethan Age of English
Literature, 364-82
xvii Britain under James I, 549-78
IV viii The Constitutional Struggle in
England (1625-40), 256-85
ix The first two years of the Long
Parliament (1640-2), 286-301
X The first Civil War (1642-7), 302-
35
xi Presbyterians and Independents
(1645-9), 336-55
xii The Westminster Assembly, 356-
63
XV The Commonwealth and the
Protectorate (1649-59), 434-58
xvi The Navy of the Commonwealth
and the First Dutch War, 469-
85
xvii and xviii passim, Scotland and
Ireland, 486-538
xix Anarchy and the Restoration
(1659-60), 539-59
XXV The transference of Colonial
Power to the United Provinces
and England, 728-59
xxvi The Fantastic School of English
Poetry, 760-75
General Index,
335
England {contd.)
Y V The Stewart Kestoration, 92-115
vi The Literature of the English
Eestoration, including Milton,
116-36
vii The administration of John de
Witt and William of Orange
(1651-88), passim, 137-67
viii The Anglo-Dutch Wars (includ-
ing Naval Administration under
Charles II and James II), 168-
97
ix The policy of Charles II and
James II (1667-87), 198-235
X The Eevolution and the Eevolu-
tion Settlement in Great
Britain [and Ireland], 236-328
xi Eeligious toleration in England,
324-37
xiii and xiv passim, The Treaties of
Partition, War of the Spanish
Succession, and Peace of
Utrecht, 372-459
XV Party government under Queen
Anne, 460-76
xxii The Colonies and India, 673-705
xxiv Latitudinarianism and Pietism,
passim, 742-63
VI i Great Britain under George I, 1-
39
(i) The Hanoverian Succession
(ii) The foreign policy of
George I (1714-21)
ii The age of Walpole and the
Pelhams, 40-89
iii Jacobitism and the Union, 90-119
vi Financial experiments and colo-
nial development, passim, 168-
90
xiii Great Britain (1756-93), 393-478
(1) William Pitt the Elder
(2) The King's friends
(8) The years of peace, and the
rise of the younger Pitt
(1782-93)
xiv [and Ireland], 479-505
XV [and India], 506-85
xxiii English Political Philosophy in
the 17th and 18th centuries,
785-821
ISee also vii, viii, xi, xxiv passim]
VII i The first century of English
colonisation (1607-1700), 1-52
ii The English colonies (1700-68),
63-69
The Conquest of Canada (1744-
61), 114-43
The quarrel with Great Britain
(1761-76), 144-74
and vii. The Declaration and
War of Independence (1761-
88), 175-234
The struggle for commercial in-
dependence and the War of
1812 (1783-1815), 805-48
England
VIII X
IV
VI
XV
xix
XX
xxi
XXV
iii
viii
xn
xiii
XV
xvii
xix
XX
xxi
xxii
xxiii
i
vi
X
xvii
xviii
xix
XX
xxi
xxii
xxiii
xxiv
i
ix
xi
(contd.)
The foreign policy of Pitt to the
outbreak of war with France,
276-305
The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim,
806-87
The General war, passim, 398-
446
The Naval war, passim, 447-86
The Egyptian expedition, 594-
619
The struggle for the Mediter-
ranean, 620-32
The Second Coalition, passim,
633-64
Europe and the French Eevolu-
tion, passim, 754-90
The pacification of Europe (1799-
1802), passim, 55-80
The Command of the Sea (1803-
15), passim, 208-43
The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
The war of 1809, passim, 341-60
The Continental System (1809-
14), 361-89
The Peninsular War (1808-14),
428—82
The War of Liberation (1813-4),
passim, 506-54
The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
6), passim, 576-602
The Hundred Days (1815), passim,
616-45
The Congress of Vienna, II (1815),
passim, 646-71
Great Britain and Ireland (1792-
1815), 672-708
The British Empire (1783-1815),
709-55
The Congresses (1815-22), 2)as«m,
1-39
Greece and the Balkan Peninsula,
passim, 169-204
Brazil and Portugal, passim,
810-39
Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
Great Britain (1815-32), 573-
619
Catholic Emancipation, 620-54
Great Britain and Ireland (1882-
41), 655-84
Canada, 685-95
The Eevolution in English Poetry
and Fiction, 696-726
Economic change, 727-62
The British Economists, 763-84
Great Britain and Free Trade
(1841-52), 1-21
(2) The Levant, passim, 275-85
Great Britain and the Crimean
War (1852-6), 809-24
21—2
336
General Index.
England {contd.)
XI xii Great Britain, last years of
Whiggism, Parliamentary re-
form (1856-68), 325-46
xiii EnglishLiterature (1840-70) , 347-
65
xxii Russia... after the Crimean War,
(1) and (2), passim, 613-47
xxvi India and Afghanistan (1815-69),
724-53
xxvii Great Britain and her Colonies
(i) The new colonial policy
(1840-70), 754-66
(ii) The federation of Canada,
766-78
(iii) The English and Dutch in
S. Africa, 778-89
(iv) The development of Austra-
lasia (1815-70), 789-801
xxviii The Far East (1815-71), jpassim,
802-65
XII ii Foreign relations of the United
States during the Civil War,
passim, 16-22
iii Great Britain, 23-64
xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, passim,
381-428
XV Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan
(1841-1907), passim, 429-56
xvi The British Empire in India,
457-99
xvii The Far East, passim, 500-36
XX The European Colonies, passim,
602-71
xxi The Republics of Latin America,
passim, 672-702.
[See also xxii passim]
xxiii Social movements, passim, 730-65
England, Sir Richard, general, xi 734 sq.
Enke, Wilhelmina, mistress of Frederick
William II, VI 725
Ennis, Parnell at, xii 78
Enniscorthy, Parnell at, xii 77
Enniskillen, Tyrone joins Bagenel at, m
604; taken by Maguire, 605; revolt at
(1688), V 307, 308 sq., 311 sq.
Enns, occupation of the line of the, by
Moreau, ix 68
Enomoto, Japanese admiral, xi 860
''Enrages," French faction, viii 213, 249
Ensalah, Alexander Laing at, xii 808
Enschede, siege of (1597), m 629
Ensenada, Zeno Somodevilla, Marquis of,
Spanish statesman, vi 159; 166; 361 sqq.;
Charles III and, 367; 382
Entente cordiale, between France and
England, after Revolution of 1830, x 29
sqq.; of recent years, xii 55, 98 sq., 172
Entragues, Catherine Henriette de Balzac
de. III 678-9; Marquise de Verneuil,
680-1; 692
Entre Minho e Douro, province of, ix 302
Enzheim, victory of Turenne at (1674),
y 44
Enzinas, Francisco de (Dryander), n 350,
401-3; translates New Testament into
Spanish, 402
J4ime de (Dryander), Spanish
Lutheran, ii 350, 387, 402 sq.
Eoban of Hesse (Helius Eobanus Hessus)
(Koch?), German scholar, ii 111
Eon, Chevalier de, French spy, vi 428
Eotvos, Joseph, Baron, Hungarian politi-
cian, XI 172 ; 177 ; 181 ; 400 ; the writings
of, 426 sq. ; Minister of Education, xii
189 sq.; death of, 190
Eperies, submits to Austria, v 366; 367;
, taken by the Russians, xi 210
^Ipernay, Biron killed at, in 52
Epernon, Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette,
Duke of, Parlement of Bordeaux and, rv
611 ; 614 ; in Burgundy, 618
Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette,
Duke of, III 36 sqq., 661-3, 668 sqq., 690;
and Mary de' Medici, rv 125 sq. ; 127
Ephimieff, Savva, Russian anti-Polish
leader, v 502
Epirus, Greek invasion of, xi 640 ; and the
Greek frontier, xn 37, 403 ; Turkey and,
381 ; insurrection in, 391 ; 392 ; 398 ; the
war in, 421 sq. ; 428
Episcopius, Simon, iii 653; v 744
Epistolae Clarorum (or illustrium) Virorum
(1514), II 696
Obscurorum Virorum^ of Crotua
Rubeanus, ii 32, 696 sq.
Epworth, Wesley at, vi 86
Erasmistas, party of, in Spain, n 401; in
Portugal, 412
Erasmus, Bishop of Strassburg. See
Strassburg
Desiderius (Gerrit Gerritszoon), at
Deventer, i 435, 437 ; 460 ; the Reforma-
tion and, 460-2, 545, 563; the Renais-
sance and, 669-71, 576, 579; studies
Greek, 580 sq. ; and the Fathers, 606-8;
edition of Josephus by, 613, 615; in
England, 491, 580, 625, 637, 642 sq. ;
682; Greek Testament of, 603, 645; in
Rome, 564; Julius Exclusus and, ii 9;
10, 24, 32, 152, 162, 167 sq. ; Praise of
Folly, 280; 307 sqq.; Zwingli and, 314,
316; share of, in Reformation, 342;
residence and death at Basel, 355,
414 ; influence of, in Spain, 400 sq. ;
Annotationes, 694 ; Novum Instrumentum,
697; letters, critical work, and religious
attitude of, 697-700
Erasso, Francisco de, Lord of Mohernando,
Secretary to Philip II, iii 196
Erastianism, and its Anglican interest, n
595 sq. ; in 16th century political thought,
III 742 sqq., 757
Erastus, Thomas of Bale (Lieber), ii 195,
595 sq. ; iii 154, 743, 757
Erd^lyi, John, Hungarian writer, xi 427
Erdmannsdorffer, Bernhard, German his-
torian, XII 829
Erebus, Mount, discovered, xii 815
General Index.
337
Eregli, Prince Mustafa murdered at, in 121
Eretrea. See Erythrea
Erfurt, Luther at University of, n 110
sqq. ; humanists of, 111; meeting of
ambassadors of Protestant Princes at
(1569), III 176; Aldringer at, iv 205;
alliance between Gustavus Adolphus
and the Weimar Dukes at, 207; Ban6r
at, 385; sufferings of, during the War,
420 ; Prussian troops at, vi 265 ; 268 sq. ;
bishopric of, 704; Prussian acquisitions
in, IX 78; Prussian capitulation at (1806),
277; Congress of (Oct. 1808), 137, 294,
810, 317-9, 321, 325, 335, 341, 343, 370,
388, 442 ; district of, 408 ; French troops
at, 515; Napoleon at (1813), 517; Parlia-
ment, XI 222 sq., 228
Erichsen, Mylius, in Greenland, xii 815
Ericsson, John, designer of the Monitor^
VII 550
Erie, Canal, vii 360, 691, 694
Lake, French claim on, vn 119;
operations round, in the war of 1812,
337 sq., 340
Erigena, John Scotus, i 535
Erik VII, King of Denmark, Norway and
Sweden (Erik XIII), n 600
XIV (Vasa), King of Sweden, n 627,
629; policy of, rv 158 sq.; character and
reign of, 161 sqq. ; coinage under, 166 ;
policy of, in Livonia, 590
Eriksson, Gustaf. See Gustavus Vasa,
King of Sweden
Erikszen, Barent, navigator, in 632-3
Eriska, Prince Charles lands at, vi 112
Erivan, province of, ceded to Eussia (1828),
X 444, XI 274
Erizzo, Sebastiano, of Venice (Ericius),
m 468
Erlach, Hans Ludwig von, Swiss general,
Bernard of Saxe- Weimar and, iv 374 sqq. ;
Governor of Breisach, 379; commands
Bernardines, 381 ; 382 ; 392 ; at Lens, 599
Erlangen, students of, x 370; Burschen-
schaft at, 375
Erlau, siege of, by Turks, m 123; cap-
tured by Austrians (1687), v 367
Erie, Thomas, English general, v 421
Erlon, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte de.
Marshal of France, viii 504 sq. ; in the
Peninsula, rx 456 ; plot of, 572 ; and the
Belgian campaign, 625; at Ligny, 628;
at Waterloo, 633 sqq.; x 503
Ermak Timotheevich, rebel Cossack, xii
794
Ermeland. See Warmia
— — (Warmia), Bishop of. See Hosius
Enjeley, Sir Michael, transports Irish
ttoops to England, iv 527
Ernest, Archduke of Austria, son of Maxi-
milian n, candidate for crown of Poland,
III 86 sq., 92 sq., 170; and the Nether-
lands, 519, 627 ; Governor of Upper and
Lower Austria (1576), 698, 701; ad-
ministration of Styria by, 702
Ernest, Augustus, King of Hanover (Duke
of Cumberland), and Orange Lodges,
X 671 sq.; accession of, 674; 681; abso-
lutist action by, 379 sq.; xi 60; 148;
166; and Frankfort Assembly, 200;
secedes from German Union, 222
Casimir. See Nassau-Dietz
Ernoul, Edmond, French politician, xii
108
Ernroth, General, in Bulgaria, xn 405
Errazuriz, Fed., President of Chile, xn 679
Errestfer, battle of (1702), v 590
Errington, Sir George, xn 41
Errol, Francis Hay, 9th Earl of, m 551
Erskine, David, British Minister to the
United States, vii 331 sq.
Ebenezer, Scottish seceder, vi 108
Henry, Scottish advocate, vin 770
John Erskine, 6th Baron, and Earl
of Mar, defends Edinburgh, n 575, 577
Thomas, Baron Erskine, vni 760
sqq. ; Lord Chancellor, and the Libel
Bill, IX 672 ; retirement of, 676
William, historian, vi 607
of Dun, in 263
Erving, George, United States Minister,
X 213
Erythrea (Eretrea) , Italian colony, xn 219 ;
241; 664
Erzerum, taken by Persians from Turks,
in 121 ; war stores at, v 545 ; Treaty of,
XI 276; xn 392; Morier at, 800
Erzgebirge, mines of the, v 738
Esbjerg, port of, xn 291
Escale, French commander at Acre, vm
612
Eschass6riaux, Baron Joseph, member of
the Gomiti de Salut Public, vin 375
Escher, Alfred, and the St Gothard tunnel,
XI 260
von der Linth, Arnold, geologist,
IX 426; XI 260
Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio, Jesuit, v 81
Escobedo, Juan de, ni 497-9, 514; murder
of (1578), 500, 515
Escoiquiz, Juan, Spanish statesman, tried
and acquitted, ix 429 ; x 208 ; 211
Escosura, Patricio de la, Spanish Minister
of the Interior, xi 562
Escurial, Treaty of the (1733), vi 63, 152 ;
of 1790, vm 189
Esher, Eeginald Baliol Brett, 2nd Viscount,
XII 69
Eslava, Viceroy of Cartagena, vi 165
Esnambuc, Pierre Vandrosque Diel de,
colonial settler, vn 74
Espana, Spanish American rebel, x 276
Espaiiola, colonised by Spain, i 40
Espartero, Baldomero, Spanish general and
statesman, x 235 ; 238 ; ministry of,
239 sqq.; and the Queen Eegent, 241;
retires to England, 242; xi 33; 550;
653; returns to office (1854), 660 sq.;
resigns, 662
Espen, Zeger Bernard van, x 167
338
General Index,
Espes, Don Guerau de, iii 280 sq.
Espinosa, Victor defeats Blake at (1808),
rs 443
Diego de, Cardinal, Bishop of Si-
guenza, in 490
Espoz y Mina, Francisco Xavier, Spanish
commander, x 210; 227 sq.; 231 sq.
Espr6m6nil, J.-J.-Duval de, French politi-
cian, vm 110, 159, 172
Esprit des Lois, Le, iv 790
Espronceda, Jos6 de, x 241
Esquivel, Juan de, Jamaica colonised by,
I 41
Essai pour les Coniques (by Pascal), iv 794
Ess6, de. See Montalembert
Essek, Solyman II at, m 107 ; Turks at,
V 359, 363 ; taken by the Austrians (1687),
367; 369
Essen, claimed by Murat, ix 272
Essequibo, Dutch colony of, iv 709 ; English
reduction of (1796), ix 750, 755 ; ceded to
Great Britain, x 520, xi 667
river, the Dutch on, vi 186; the
Venezuelan dispute and, xn 687
Essex, The, and " broken voyages," vii 327
Essex, Lord. See Northampton, Sir William
Parr, Marquis of
Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of (6th cr.),
V 222 ; 224 ; 229 sq. ; Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, 305
Frances, Countess of. See Somerset
Eobert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, in 50,
325 sq., 333 sq., 376; English troops sent
to besiege Rouen under, 512, 516, 521,
523, 573; in Ireland (1599), 607-8
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, iv 290;
commands Parliamentary forces, 301 sq.;
304 sqq. ; occupies Worcester, 307 ; at
Turnham Green, 308; 311 sq.; 313 sq.;
at Newbury, 315 ; Oxford Parliament and,
319; 320; in Cornwall, 323 ; 324 sq.; de-
prived of command, 326 ; 323
Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of (5th
or.). Ill 601
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of. See
Cromwell
Essling, exploits of French infantry at, ix
345 ; Napoleon at, 350 ; Austrians fail to
take, 351 ; taken by the French (May 22,
1809), ib.
Prince of. See Mass6na
Estaing, Charles-Hector Th^odat, Comte
de, French admiral, vi 351; 451 sq.; vn
218 sq.
Estates General, of France. See States
General
Este, family of, in Ferrara, i 260 sq.
House of, IX 603
See also Ferrara and Modena, Dukes
of
Cesar de, loses Ferrara, ni 397
Charles Philibert, Marquis of (S.
Martino), grandee of Spain, in 420
Folco de, heir of Azzo of Ferrara,
1 201
Este, Francesco de, claims to Ferrara of,
I 261
Fresco de, son of Azzo of Ferrara,
I 261
Ippolito de (son of Hercules I), Arch-
bishop of Gran, i 658
Ippolito de. Cardinal of Ferrara (son
of Alfonso I), II 85, 88 ; at Colloquy of
Poissy, 302 sq., 684 ; in 462
Isabella de (daughter of Hercules I),
Marchioness of Mantua, in 458
Lionello de, i 558
Cardinal Ludovico de (son of Her-
cules H), 11x431; 435; 451; and Tasso,
472
Esterhazy, Count Maurice, Austrian states-
man, XII 181
Count Paul, Prince of Galantha,
Palatine of Hungary, v 357
of Galantha, Prince Paul Anton, x
25 ; XI 172 ; 180
Prince Nicholas, Austrian ambas-
sador at St Petersburg, vi 253; 322;
325; 327
Major Count Walzin, xii 120
Esthonia, Russia and, ii 144; and Sweden,
IV 162, 171, 173 ; ceded to Poland, 174 ;
Swedish power restored in, 176 ; Peace
of Stolbova and, 181 ; the Poles and,
189 ; V 614; ceded to Russia, 615 ; Russia
and, VI 206 ; 317 ; serfdom abolished in
(1816), X 427; Russian administration
of, xn 335
Estienne, Henri, printer, i 576, 604, 613;
n 718; m 57
Robert, printer, i 576, 615 ; n 718 ;
m 57
Estourmel, de, surrenders frontier towns of
Picardy, m 662
Estouteville, Cardinal Guillaume de, i 388
Estrades, Comte Godefroi de, and Mazarin,
IV 727 ; French ambassador at the Hague,
vl06sq.; 149; 152
Estr^es, Gabrielle de, in 418, 675, 678,
692
Jean de, Vice-admiral, Marshal of
France, v 165 ; 194 sqq. ; 688
Louis-Charles-C^sar, Due de, Mar-
shal of France, vi 257 ; 339 ; 405 ; 426
Estremadura, the Allies in (1705), v 416, 426;
Spanish battalions in, ix 435 ; Victor
evacuates (1809), 451; Soult enters, 462;
destroys Spanish army of, ib. ; Beresford
marches into, 466 ; Wellington in (1811),
467 sq. ; Wellington marches on (1812),
471 ; freed from the French, 475 ; Carlist
forces in, xn 260
Estrup, Jakob, Danish statesman, xn 293
Etampes, Turenne's victory at (1652), iv
616; German force at, xi 602
Anne de Pisseleu, Duchess of, ii
, 97 sq.
Etaples, Treaty of (1492), i 111, 467 sq.;
harbour of refuge at, ix 212; French
ships at, 214, 215
General Index,
339
"Eternal Edict" (Dutch), of 1G67, v 152;
questionable value of, 155 sq. ; set aside,
157
Etherege, Sir George, dramatist, v 129 sq.
Etienne, Cbarles-Guillaume, x 91 ; editor
, of the Gonstitutionnel, 493
Etiolles, Lenormant de, vi 330
Etropol, monastery of, xii 408
Etruria, kingdom of, ix 69 ; absorbed in
the French Empire, 316 ; Berlin Decree
communicated to, 365; annexed by Napo-
leon, 368 ; 396 sqq.; offered by Napoleon
to Ferdinand, 432
King of. See Parma, Louis, Duke
of
Queen of. See Parma, Marie Louise,
Infanta, Duchess of
Ettenheim, Johann von Werth's defeat at,
IV 374; Due d'Enghien at, ix 30
Eu, Queen Victoria at, xi 33, 37, 553
Gaston, Comte de, xii 675
Isabel, Comtesse de, xn 675
Euboea, island of, and the Powers (1829),
X 202
Eucharist, doctrine of the, discussed by
Luther and Zwingli, n 209 ; at Col-
loquy of Batisbon, 645; at Council of
Trent, 671, 677 sqq. ; decree concerning
(issued by Diet of Speier), 330; Zwingli's
writings on, 332 sq,
Euclid, V 707
Eudes de M6zerai, Jean, Abb6, v 79
Eudists, French order of the, v 79
Eudoxia, Tsaritsa, v 520; becomes "Sister
Elena," 525; 537; trial of, 540; 553
Eugene, Beauharnais, Prince. See Beau-
hamais
Eugene Francois, Prince of Savoy-Carig-
uan, V 61 ; 340 sq. ; 348 ; joins Imperial
army, 360; 366; at Zenta, 370; 401;
in Italy, 402 sqq., 405, 407; 408; joins
Marlborough, 409 ; at Blenheim, 410 sq. ;
in Italy (1705-6), 414 sqq.; at Vienna,
414 ; invades Provence, 418 sq. ; attacks
Toulon, 419; 420; at Oudenarde, 421;
423 sq. ; at Malplaquet, 425 sq. ; 429 ;
431; mission of, to London, 432 sq., 439;
success of Villars against, 433 sq. ; on
the Khine, 434 sq., 451 ; and Peace of
Kastatt, 435, 452; 436; 450; 458; and
Polish throne, 696; vi 14; 29 sq.; 91;
and Kipperdd, 139 sqq. ; 145 ; 198 ; 203 ;
206; 267; xn 400
Eugenie, Empress of the French, xi 293;
307; 384; 468; 474; supports the
Government, 490; 495; acts as Regent,
496; and the peace negotiations, 498;
and the Franco-German War, 583, 595 ;
flight of, to England, 600; xn 433
Eugenius IV, Pope (Gabriele Condolmiero),
I 237, 385 sq., 552, 646, 658; in 738
Eulenburg, Count, mission of, to Japan,
XI 841; 844
Euler, Leonhard, physicist, xi 260
Eupatoria, Russian capture of, vi 673
Eupen, Pierre Jean Simon van, Belgian
leader, viii 329, 335
Euphrates river, mail-route to India by,
x558; Ottoman army crosses (1839), 561
Euphues, Lyly's, in 370
Europe in general
I XV Economic Change, 493-531
xvi The Classical Renaissance,
532-84
xvii The Christian Renaissance,
585-619
xviii Catholic Europe, 620-52
xix The Eve of the Reformation,
653-92
II xix European thought in the age
of the Reformation, 690-
718
in xxii Political thought in the 16th
century, 736-69
IV xxvii Descartes and Cartesianism,
776-99
V xxiii European science in the 17th
and earlier years of the 18th
centuries, 706-41
xxiv Latitudinarianism and Pietism,
742-63
VI xxiv The Romantic movement in
European Literature, 822-
37
vm xi The European Powers and
the Eastern Question, 306-
37
XXV Europe and the French Revo-
lution, 754-90
IX iii The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), 55-80
xix The Congress of Vienna, I
(1814-5), 576-615
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II
(1815), 646-71
X i The Congresses (1815-22), 1-
39
XII i Modern Europe, 1-15
XX European colonies, 602-71
xxii The modern law of nations
and the prevention of war,
703-29
xxiii Social movements, 730-65
xxiv The scientific age, 766-91
XXV Modern explorations, 792-815
xxvi The growth of historical
science, 816-50
Eustatia, in possession of the Dutch, v 687
Eustis, George, secretary to Confederate
States Envoy, xn 18
Eutaw Springs, battle of (1781), vii 230
Euxine. See Black Sea.
Evald, Johannes, Danish poet, xi 697
Evangelical Brotherhood, foundation of,
n 180, 183
"Evangelical Catholics," German sect,
V 743
Evans, Arthur, discoveries of, at Cnossus,
xn 846
Sir George de Lacy, general, x 287
\
340
G-eneral Index,
Evans, Australian explorer, xi 790 sq.
Evdokimoff, Nicholas, Kussian general, xi
633
Eve Demaillot, Antoine-Franpois, ix 137
Evelyn, John, v 124; and Eoyal Society,
740; VI 799
Evenementy Le, French newspaper, xi 127
Evening Post, The, vi 441
Everard, Sir John, Irish Catholic leader,
rv 615 sq.
Everett, Edward, American statesman, vn
391, 491, 744
Evers, Sir Kalph, invades Scotland, ii 460
Evertsen, Cornelis, Dutch vice-admiral, v
183; death of, 186
Cornelis (the younger), Dutch naval
officer, reconquers New Netherland, y
161
Every Man in his Humour, Ben Jonson's,
III 380
Evil May Day (April 30, 1517), riot in
London, i 488
Evora, Spanish defeat at (June, 1663), iv
661, v 34
Evora-Monte, Dom Miguel at, x 336
Evreimoff, Eussian geodesist, v 535
Evreux, Charles-Louis Salmon du Chat^lier,
Bishop of, X 85
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August, x 379;
Histoiy of Israel, xii 846
Ewell, Richard Stoddard, Confederate
general, vii 540
Examiner, The Whig, v 469; The Tory,
started by St John, ib.; under Leigh
Hunt, XI 362
Excelmans, Remy-Joseph-Isidore, Comte,
Marshal of France, affair of, ix 671;
negligence of, 630
Excise Scheme, Walpole's, vi 47 sq.
Exclusion Bill, introduced May, 1679,
v 224 ; later history of, 226 sqq.
Excommunication, Bull of, issued against
Henry VHI, ii 67, 440, 449; against
Martin Luther, 138 sq. ; against Eliza-
beth, m 3i9
Executionsordnung (1555), in 144, 171
Exeter, capitulates to Parliamentarians, iv
335; the Prince of Orange at, v 246
Henry Courtenay , Marquis of, arrested
and executed, ii 449; 523
Exilles, heretics in, in 404; surrender of
(1593), 417; vil59; battle of, 245, 362
Exmouth, Sir Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount,
Admiral, viii 454; blockades Brest, 473;
and mutiny, 631
Exploration, see Vol. i. Chap, i. The Age of
Discovery, 7-36; Chap, ii. The New
World, 37-66 ; late modern, see Vol. xii.
Chap. XXV, 792-815
Exposcit pastoralis officii, the Bull (1550),
II 655
Extreme Unction, Sacrament of, discussed
at Council of Trent, ii 672
Eyck, Hubert and John van, i 433
Eyguenots, of Geneva, n 362
Eylau, battle of (1807), ix 195, 286, 287,
290; Scharnhorst at, 332
Eylert, R. F., Prussian bishop, x 382
Eynard, John Gabriel, and Greek inde-
pendence, XI 239
Eyre, Edward John, Australian explorer,
XI 795; Governor of Jamaica, xii 656
Fabbri, Count Edoardo, papal Minister,
XI 89
Faber, Johann, the Tractatus de Ruine
Ecclesie planctu, i 676 ; opponent of
Luther, ii 168, 212, 233; Vicar-general
of Constance, 316 ; and Zurich Disputa-
tion, 317; at Conference of Ratisbon
(1526), 326
Stapulensis. See Lef^vre d'Etaples
Fabre, Auguste, editor of the Tribune, x
485
Victorin, editor of the Tribune, x 485
d'Eglantine, P.-F.-Nazaire, French
politician, viii 234, 247, 361, 363
Fabrice, Friedrioh Ernst von, vi 20; mission
of, to Sweden, 28, 34
Johann Ludwig von, Hanoverian
councillor, vi 20
Weipart Ludwig von, Hanoverian
judge and councillor, vi 20 ; 28
Fabricius, John Albert, the Codex Apo-
cryphus, i 614
secretary of the Bohemian regents,
IV 20
ab Aquapendente, Hieronymus, ana-
tomist, V 724 ; 726 ; 728 ; 737
Fabro, Antonio (of Amiterno), ii 17
Fabvier, Baron Charles-Nicolas, French
general, joins the Greek insurgents, x
182
Factory Acts, the first English, of 1802, ix
691 sq., X 659 sq.; origins of, xii 746;
movement spreads to Continent, 747;
in New Zealand (1894), 629; in Victoria
(1896), 630
Fadinger, Stephen, Austrian peasant leader,
IV 76
Faenza, surrenders to Cesare Borgia (1600),
I 238; seized by Venetians (1503), 244;
Sanfedists and Carbonari in, x 152
Faerie Queene, Spenser's, iii 373
Fagan, agent of Fouche, ix 140; 371
Fagel, Caspar, Pensionary of Holland, v
156 ; elected Grand Pensionary, 159 ; 164 ;
239; 245
Hendrik, Dutch Minister in London,
x520
Fagg, Sir John, M.P. for Steyning, v 217
Fagius, Paul, ii 265 ; Protestant refugee in
England, 477
Faidherbe, Louis-L6on-C6sar, French gene-
ral, XI 607 sq.; 610; Governor of Senegal,
XII 129
Failly, Pierre -Louis- Charles -Achille de,
French general, xi 485 ; at Rome, 543 ;
in the Franco-German War, 683 sqq.,
596 sq.
I
General Index.
341
Faipoult. See Faypoult
Fair Oaks, Federal repulse at (1862), vii
476 sq.
Fairfax, Ferdinando, 2nd Baron Fairfax of
Cameron, Parliamentary commander in
Yorkshire, iv 308, 313; at Winceby, 315;
at Marston Moor, 322
Sir Thomas, 3rd Baron Fairfax of
Cameron, recaptures Leeds, iv 308 ;
storms Wakefield, 313 ; in Cheshire,
321; at Marston Moor, 322; Com-
mander-in-chief of Parliamentary forces,
326; and New Model army, 329; at
Naseby, 330 ; in the west, 331 ; takes
Sherborne Castle, 332 ; takes Tiverton
Castle, 333 sq. ; surrender of Eaglan
Castle to, 335 ; 339 ; 341 sq. ; Eoyalist
risings and, 348 sq.; at Colchester, 351;
at St Albans, 353 ; and Pride's Purge,
354 ; trial of Charles I and, 355 ; takes
no part in the new government, 437 ;
army and, 446 ; at Nantwich, 527 ; occu-
pies York, 548
Fairman, Colonel, and Orange Lodges, x
671 sq.
Fajardo, Admiral, at Tunis, m 541
Faku, Pondo chief, xi 783
Falari, Duchess of, vi 131
Falconnet, Ambroise, and favours to
emigres, ix 670
Talk, Adalbert, Prussian Kultusminister,
XII 148
Bengt, beheaded, iv 174
Falkenberg, Dietrich von, commander of
Swedish troops in Mecklenburg, rv 196 ;
at Magdeburg, 201 sqq.
Falkenstein, Johann Paul von, Saxon
statesman, xi 149
Vogel von, Prussian general, xi 452 ;
465
Falkirk, march of Scotch army from, rv
436 ; VI 112 ; Jacobite victory at, 115
Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount, sup-
ports Laud, IV 280; Koot-and-Branch
petition and, 292; " Kemonstrance " and,
296; and Puritanism, 306; Charles I
and, 309; death of, at Newbury, 315,
318 ; Irish policy of, 516 sq.; v 745 sq.;
753
— — Lucius Bentinck, 10th Viscount,
Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, xi
759
Isles, VI 373 ; claimed by Spain, 437 ;
443
Falkoping, battle of, ii 600
Falli6res, Armand, President of the French
Republic, xii 113
Falloppio, Gabriele, anatomist, n 386, 395 ;
v724
Falloux, Fr^deric-Alfred-Pierre, Vicomte de,
XI 114 ; French Minister of Education,
118; 119; education scheme of, 120, 126;
130 ; and Pius IX, 121 ; 123 ; 128 ; and
the opposition to Napoleon III, 469 : xii
92; 114
Falmouth (Cornwall), Spanish vessels at,
III 493 ; the third Armada sails for, 529
(Maine), destroyed (1776), vn 169
Faludi, Francis, Hungarian writer, xi 421;
431
Famagosta, siege of, iii 134 ; attacked by a
Tuscan squadron, 399
Family Compact, The (1551), iii 166 ; the
First so-called, namely, the Treaty of
the Escurial of 1733, vi 63 sqq., 152 sq. ;
the Second, namely, of Fontainebleau,
of 1743, 159 sq.; of 1761, 344 sqq.; 368;
of 1765, vni 189, 290 sq.
of Love, III 755
Fanning, Edmund, Secretary of N. Carolina,
VII 145
Fannio or Fannino, Italian martyr, n 387
Fanshawe, Sir Richard, and Portugal, v
105; in Spain, 109
Fantastic Poets, see Vol. iv. Chap, xxvi
Fanti, Manfredo, Italian general, xi 389
Far East, The (1815-71), see Vol. xi.
Chap, xxviii ; Vol. xii. Chaps, xvii, xviii
and XIX. See also China, Japan, Eastern
Question, etc.
Faraday, Michael, and social conditions,
XII 730; 766; 786 sqq.
Fardella, Michel Angelo, Cartesian philo-
sophy and, IV 791
Farel, Guillaume, preacher of Meaux, n
282 sq., 291 sq., 356; and Calvin, in
Geneva, 358, 362 sq., 368, 375
Fargues, Henri, French politician, vm 677,
682, 684
Farinelli (Carlo Broschi), Neapolitan singer,
VI 167 ; 362 ; 364 ; 367
Farini, Luigi Carlo, Minister under Pius IX,
X 157 ; XI 65 ; Minister of Education, 369 ;
371 ; 386 ; and the Consorteria Ministry,
535 ; 536 ; History of the Papal States,
XII 842
Farmer, Anthony, and Magdalen College,
V 238
Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal See Paul HI,
Pope
Alessandro (grandson of Paul III),
Cardinal of Sant' Angelo, Archbishop of
Avignon, etc., Papal legate, ii 255, 662 ;
III 450
Orazio, grandson of Paul III, ii
82 sqq.; 269
See Parma, Dukes of
Faro, Bishop's library at, iii 326 ; occupied
by Palmella, x 333
Faroe Islands, Norway and, xi 683
Farquhar, George, dramatist, v 128; 131
Farragut, David Glasgow, American ad-
miral, VII 498; attacks Vicksburg, 499
sq. ; attacks Port Hudson, 503, 506 ; gains
the battle of Mobile Bay, 522, 554 sqq. ;
at New Orleans, 562 sq., 559
Farrukhabad, General Lake's victory at
(1804), IX 728
Fashoda (Kodok), French expedition at,
XII 133, 448, 662, 813; 454
342
General Index.
Fasting, Glaus, Norwegian writer, xi 700
Fatah Khan, Barakzai Minister, xi 731
Fatehgarh, rebels defeated at, xi 748
Fatehpur-Sikri, Sindhia's victory at (1788),
1x719
Fauche-Borel, Swiss political agent, vni 511
Faucher, L6on, French Minister of In-
terior, XI 118 sq.; 123; and campaign
against Eepublicans, 131 ; 133 sq.
Fauchet, Claude, author, in 62
Claude, Constitutional bishop of the
Calvados, viii 214, 255
Faucigny, participates in Swiss neutrality,
IX 660
Faure, Fran<?ois-F61ix, President of French
Kepublic, xn 98; 112; 121
Fauriel, Claude, ix 24; xii 829
Favera, Guarino di. See Novara, Bishop of
Faversham, James II at, v 248
Favier, Bishop, Eoman Catholic missionary
at Peking, xii 518; 520
Favre, Gabriel-Claude-Jules, French states-
man, XI 123 sq. ; and the Coup d'etat of
December, 136 ; 305 ; 307 ; in opposition,
475, 477; 485; 489; 493; 496; nego-
tiates with Bismarck, 497, 600; 498;
signs an armistice, 499; 500; negotiates
for the capitulation of Paris, 611; 612;
xn 95; 103
Fawcett, Henry, Postmaster-General, xii 41
Faypoult de Maisoncelle, Chevalier G.-
Charles, Minister of Finance, viii 490;
envoy at Genoa, 587; at Naples, 653 sq.
Fazy, James, Genevese radical, xi 248
Febronius. See Hontheim
Fechen, Peter, ii 630
Feckenham, John de, ii 486; becomes
Abbot of Westminster, 543; present at
Elizabeth's coronation, 563, 565
Fedeli, Venetian envoy to Cosimo I, in
389 ; 392 sq.
"Federal Pact," The Swiss (1815), xi 237
sqq.
Federalist, The, Alexander Hamilton writes
in, vn 303
Federation, Act of, at Delft (1576), in 243
Federigo III, King of Naples, i 118, 124,
234, 245
Fehrbellin, Baner at, iv 367; battle of
(1675), V 44 sq., 568; 651
Feijoo, Antonio, Bishop of Maritana,
Eegent of Brazil, x 325
Feitb, Rhijnvis, Dutch writer, xi 676
Fej^rvary, Baron Gaza von, Austrian states-
man, xii 205 sqq. ; 209
Feldkirch, (Swiss) Diet at (1529), n 330
Felix V (Amadeus VIII of Savoy), anti-
Pope, I 623, 688
Felixstowe, Dutch landing at, v 189
Fellenberg, Philippe-Emmanuel de, insti-
tute at Hofwyl of, ix 427
Fellows, Sir Charles, archaeologist, xn 846
Felton, John, murders Buckingham, iv 272
Feltre, Bernardino da. See Bernardino, St,
of Feltre
Feltre, Charles-M. A. de Goyon, Due de,
French general, xi 531
Marshal Clarke, Due de. See Clarke
Thomas Campeggio, Bishop of, u 665
Vittorino da. See Vittorino
Femem, naval battle off (1677), v 570
Fendall, Josias, Governor of Maryland,
vn 33
F^nelon, Franpois de Salignac de la Mothe,
Archbishop of Cambray. See Cambray
Fenestrelles, capture of (1708), v 425;
France and, vi 159
FSnghwangch'^ng, xii 511; Eussian force
at, 585 ; 587 sq.
Fengt'ai, Boxer disturbances at, xn 518
Fenianism, rise of, xi 343 sq.
Fenner, Thomas, in 304 sq., 309
Fenshui pass, Japanese troops in, xn 587
sq.
Fenton, Edward, in 300, 309
Fenwick, Sir John, execution of, v 262
John, settler on the Delaware, vn 47
Ferandina, Pedro de Toledo, Duke of
(Marquis of Francavila), in 470; 686;
Viceroy of Milan, iv 626; 631; attacks
Venice, 632 sq.
Feraud, Jean, French deputy, assassinated,
vin 388 sq.
Fercullen, granted to 0 'Toole, in 583
Ferdinand I, Emperor (King of Hungary
and Bohemia), John Zapolya and, i
97; 343; n 46, 66 sq., 143; Austrian
territories made over to (1521), 149 sq. ;
157; 169 sqq.; Peasants' Eising and,
178, 182, 190, 197; elected King of
Bohemia and Hungary, 61, 198 sq. ;
elected King of the Eomans, 66, 214, 537 ;
201 ; the Turks and, 206 sq. ; 210 sq., 216 ;
attempts to make peace with Turkey, 218,
221, 233 sqq.; treaty of, with Zapolya,
236; 267, 272; at Diet of Augsburg
(1555), 275 sqq., 336, 537; 399; Council
of Trent and, 674 sqq., 681 sq. ; struggle
as King of Hungary and Bohemia with
Solyman II, Vol. in. Chap, iv passim ; as
Emperor, ib. and 146-7; the Empire
under, 140-65; and Archduke Maxi-
mihan, 167 sq. ; and Charles V, 476
sq. ; 699; and Jiilich-Cleves, 716; and
Bohemian religion, 727; death of, 169;
V 339; 366; 625 sq. ; vi 158; 507
II, Emperor, claims Bohemian
throne, iii 568 sq, ; and James I, 572 sq.,
575; 687, 699, 702, 714 sqq., 723 sqq.;
Jesuit influence over, as Archduke in
Styria, iv 5 ; and Venice, 11 ; and the
Protestants, 13; King of Hungary, 14;
and Bohemian succession, 15 sqq.;
position of, in 1618, 23, 26; elected
Emperor, 28; deposed in Bohemia, ib.;
and Bohemian conflict, 31 sqq., 40; 45;
65 sq.; and German Princes, 67 sqq.;
usefulness of Wallenstein to, 72 sq. ;
tribunal of "reformation" instituted by,
74 sqq. ; and Bethlen Gabor, 75; seeks to
General Index.
343
gain time, 77 sqq. ; Palatinate in hands
of, 82; meeting of Princes convened
by, 83; 84 sqq. ; 91 sq.; makes Wallen-
stein Commander-in-chief, 93 sq. ; 98 sqq. ;
Mecklenburg Dukes submit to, 101 ; 103 ;
104 sqq. ; 108 sqq. ; proclaims Edict of
Bestitntion, 111 sqq. ; dismisses Wallen-
stein, 116 sq., 680; relations of, with
Estates of the Empire, 146; at Eatisbon,
197 ; Tilly in command of forces of, 198 ;
Convention of Leipzig and, 200; progress
of the War and, 201-12; Wallenstein
and, 213 sqq. ; negotiations at Niirnberg
and, 218; 220; 238; 241; 246; 249;
Eichelieu and, 250 sq., 679 sq. ; Saxony
and, 252; Peace of Prague and, 253 sqq.,
365 ; 367 ; 369 ; 370 ; Amalia of Hesse-
Cassel concludes truce with, 371; death
and character of, 372 sq. ; and the con-
gress at Cologne, 396; Trautmansdorif
and, 400; Wiirttemberg and, 409; 412;
arbitrary measures of, 414; 676 sq. ;
Mantuan succession and, 115, 678 sqq. ;
tension between Urban VIII and, 681 sq. ;
683 sq.; v 338; 351; xi 45
Ferdinand III, Emperor, crowned King of
Hungary, rv 91; marriage of, v 376;
elected King of the Romans, rv 115, 117,
372, 679; birth of heir to, 238; Wallen-
stein and, 116, 212, 239 sq.; takes
Eatisbon, 244; at Nordlingen, 245, 682;
371 ; accession of, 373 ; 375 ; attempts to
draw over Bernard of Saxe- Weimar, 376 ;
Oxenstierna and, 377; 378; refuses to
ratify Treaty of Mainz, 379; 380 sq. ;
383; loyalty of Kurfiirstentag to, 384;
Diet of Eatisbon and, 384 sq. ; Denmark
and, 387; 389 sqq.; peace settlement
and, 397 sqq. , 602 sq. ; French claim to
Elsass and, 406 sq. ; Maximilian and,
409; religious questions and, 412; terri-
torial rights and, 413 ; relations of Great
Elector with, v 640 sqq. ; and Poland,
344 ; last Diet of, iv 426 ; death of, 427,
429 sqq. ; v 338 ; 340
I, Emperor of Austria, x 378; xi 44 ;
152; and the Vienna insurrection, 153
sq. ; 171 sq. ; and Hungary, 173 ; flight
of, 175; at Innsbruck, 176; returns to
Schonbrunn, 179, 182; at Olmiitz, 186
sq. ; abdication of, 88, 190; 193; 204;
208; 405
II, King of Aragon. (See Ferdinand V,
King of Spain
Prince of Bulgaria, xii 342 ; 410 sq. ;
proclaimed Tsar, 427 ; 578
I, King of Naples. See Ferrante
II, King of Naples. See Ferrante
IV, King of Naples and Sicily. See
Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies
V (the Catholic), King of Spain (H
of Aragon, V of Castile), i 81, 115, 119;
at war with Louis XII, 126 sqq.; 193;
Holy League proposed by, 198; 251; 308,
316; Spain under, 346-68; 379; joins
Breton League against France (1489) , 394 ;
Henrv VII and, 466, 476; Henry VIII
and, *478-9, 483; death of, 368, 486;
656; II 36 sq.; iii 478; 510; 738; v 483;
VI 151; 167
Ferdinand VI, King of Spain, vi 137; 139;
145; 147; marriage of, 166; 249; 342;
reign of, 361 sqq. ; death of, 366 ; 368 ;
597; X 273
VII, King of Spain, vii 362, 365
sqq.; ix 321; arrest of, 429; and
revolution of Aranjuez, 431; Napoleon
refuses to recognise the claim of, 432;
enforced abdication of, 433; release of,
482; relations of, with Napoleon, 622;
revolt against (1821), x 74; seeks aid
of Louis XVIII, 79 ; and Napoleon, 205 ;
returns to Spain (1814), ib.\ reactionary
policy of, 12, 141, 205 sqq.; character
of, 207; political system established by,
208 sq. ; and purchase of Eussian war-
ships, 209; second marriage of, 210;
plots against, i&. ; Louis XVIII refuses
aid of, 211; and Congress of Vienna,
ih.\ and British Government, 212;
and Mora's secret mission, 213 ; restores
the Constitution of 1812, 217 sq.; anti-
constitutional action by, 221 sq. ; seeks
aid of the Allied Powers, 222 sqq.;
French loan to, 225 ; and the Cortes, 227
sq. ; enters French camp, 228; perse-
cution of Liberals by, 229 sq. ; fourth
marriage of, 231; and King Louis-
Philippe, 231 sq. ; and succession to the
throne, 232 sq.; death of (1833), 233;
282; and Spanish America, 283, 285 sq.,
290 sq., 306; seeks aid of the Allied
Powers against American revolution,
308; 316; xi 551
-T — I (IV), King of the Two Sicilies, and
the P'amily Compact, vi 344 sq. ; 366;
368; 594; 597; at Laibach (1821), vii
368; marriage of, vin 79, 555; 573, 649
sqq.; flight of, 652; returns to Naples,
658; 778 sq. ; ix 68; 73, 88, 381 ; restora-
tion of Naples to, 382; proposal of, to
Sicilian Parliament, 383 ; capitulates
to England, 384; compelled to make
way for Joseph Bonaparte, 403; throne
of Sicily guaranteed to, 604; Austrian
alliance with, 648; recognised by the
Powers, 661; restoration of (1815), x
109 sq. ; negotiations with Emperor of
Austria, 110; and revolt of 1820, 112;
accepts Spanish Constitution of 1812,
24, 112; at Congress of Laibach, 29,
69, 113; returns to Naples, 114; and
Ferdinand of Spain, 224
II, King of the Two Sicilies, x
129; XI 18; 68; and Scientific Con-
gresses, 69; 70; and demands for re-
form, 79 sq. ; and Naples Constitution,
87 sq. ; suppresses Sicilian Eevolution,
91 sq. ; and Pius IX, 121; reactionary
policy of, 379 sq. ; death of, 380
344
General Index,
Ferdinand, King of the Eomans (son of
Ferdinand III), death of, ly 426
Archduke, of Austria (son of Ferdi-
nand I), II 537
Archduke, of Styria. See Ferdinand
II, Emperor
Archduke, of Tyrol, m 94, 165; death
of (1595), 699; quits the Landsberg
League, 709; iv 1
Charles, Archduke, of Tyrol, and
Treaty of Westphalia, iv 407, 603; and
marriage of James II, v 211
Charles Joseph d'Este, Austrian
Archduke, Prince of Modena, commands
army of Germany, ix 250; 253, 254 ; in
Bohemia, 257; watched by Bernadotte,
258 ; 275 ; commands an Austrian army,
346; ordered to occupy Warsaw, 347 ; in
western Galicia, 354
Maria, Elector of Bavaria. See
Bavaria
of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, King Consort
of Maria II of Portugal, x 338 sq. ; xi
670 sq. ; acts as Eegent, 573 ; 575
Cardinal Infante of Spain, Arch-
bishop of Toledo, IV 230 ; 239 ; at Nord-
lingen, 244; 246; represents Philip IV
in Flanders, 644 sq. ; sent to Brussels,
698; 699; successes of, 700; death of,
659, 702
Grand Duke of Tuscany. See Tus-
cany
Ferguson, Adam, philosopher, viii 769
Patrick, colonel, vii 225 sq., 233
Eobert, the "Plotter," v 229
Fergusson, Eobert, poet, x 701 sq.
Feria, Gomez Suarezde Figueroa y Corduba,
6th Count and 1st Duke of, Spanish am-
bassador to England, ii 549, 561 sqq.,
666, 573; iii 263 sq.; 283; 477 sqq.
Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y C6rduba,
3rd Duke of, Spanish Governor of Milan,
IV 41; in Milan, 48; and the Valtelline,
49 sqq. ; at Innsbruck, 231 ; at Vienna,
234 sq.; 238; in Elsass, 246; 672
Lorenzo Suarez de Figueroa y C6r-
duba, 2nd Duke of, ambassador to France
and Eome, iii 52; 517
Ferik Suleiman, Pasha of Plevlye, xn
401
Ferishta, Persian historian, vi 512
Fermanagh, plantation of, in 614; Com-
missioners of allotments in, 615
Fermat, Pierre de, mathematician, Des-
cartes and, IV 779; 794; v 711 sq. ; 715;
723
Fermo, Neapolitan defeat at (1798), viii
652
Fermont des Chapellieres, Comte Joseph-
Jacques de, President of the National
Convention, viii 300
Fermor, Count William, Eussian general,
VI 277 ; 279 sqq. ; 322 sqq.
Fernamond, Imperial commander, in the
Valtelline, iv 61 sq
Fernandes, Alfonso, translates Erasmus'
Enchiridion into Spanish, n 401
Fernandina (Florida), captured, vii 552
Fernando, Dom, of Portugal, death of, xi
674
Feron, Eobert, n 442
Ferrand, Antoine-iFranpois-Claude, French
Director- General of Posts, ix 665; 566,
670; and the emigres^ x 42
Ferrante (Ferdinand I), King of Naples
(d. 1494), I 80 sq., 104 sq., 110, 124,
227, 387, 665
II, or Ferrantino (Ferdinand II), King
of Naples (1495-6), i 114 sqq., 231 sq.,
234, 245
Duke of Calabria, son of Federigo III
of Naples, i 124
Ferrar, Nicholas, iv 280
Eobert, Bishop of St David's, ii
538 sq.
Ferrara, Venetian factories at, i 260; war
of succession in, 261 ; Calvin in, n 358,
385 ; the Eeformation in, 384 sqq. ; colony
from, in the Maremma, in 393; condition
of, 401; and Savoy, 415; "the Blind
Man of," 461; royal marriages at (1598),
527 ; duchy of, added to States of the
Church, IV 667, 686; Legation of, held
by French (1796), viii 673; 583, 588;
Austrian garrison at, x 137, 155; xi
71; Austrian occupation of, 77 sq.; the
national movement in, 384
Alfonso I, d'Este, Duke of, i 137,
248 sqq. ; n 43, 54 sqq. ; 60 sq. ; receives
Eeggio and Modena, 67, 384
Alfonso II, Duke of, in 94, 387;
marries Lucrezia de* Medici, 395; death
of (1597), 397, 432
Azzo d'Este, Marquis of, i 261
Borso, Duke of, in 461
Hercules I, Duke of, i 287; in 461
Hercules II, Duke of, n 81, 384 sqq.
Niccolo III (1481), Marquis of, i 558
Een^e of France, Duchess of, i 457,
483; n 358; and the Eeformation, 384,
387; suggested marriage of, to Henry
VIII, 428, 578; in 471
Cardinal of. See Este, Ippolito de
Ferrari, Giuseppe, historian, i 341 ; xn 842
founder of the Barnabites, ii 648
General, xi 86
Paolo, Italian dramatist, xi 548
Ferraris, Count Joseph, Austrian Field-
marshal, VI 652
Luigi, Italian statesman, xn 217
Ferrars, John, and the London Company,
vn 6
Ferr^, Charles-Thdophile, French com-
munist, XI 602
Ferreni, Zaccaria, of Vicenza, n 30
Ferrero, Guglielmo, Italian sociologist, xii
231
Ferretti, Giovanni Mastai-, Cardinal. See
Pius IX, Pope
Ferri, Enrico, Italian socialist, xn 231 sq.
General Index,
345
Ferri^res, peace, negotiations at, xi 497 sq.
Charles- Elie, Marquis de, member
of the States General, viii 146
Ferrol, Fitzmaurice sails from (1579), iii
597 ; fleet equipped at, 606 ; departure of
expedition from (1597), 673; arsenal of,
VI 125; 365; blockade of, ix 213, 217;
Allied force at (1804), 219; Villeneuve
retires to, 226; capture of French ships
off, 234
Ferry, Jules, French statesman, xi 498;
502; XII 109; Ministry of, 112; 114;
policy of, 116 sqq. ; 121; and Tonkin,
131 sq., 527 ; colonial policy of, 159 ; 161
Fersen, Count Axel Fredrik af, Swedish
statesman, vi 763 sqq. ; 768 ; 776 ; 781
Count Axel (son of above), Swedish
ambassador in Paris, vi 783 ; viii 789 ; ix
823
Eussian commander, viii 546 sq.
Fesch, Joseph, Cardinal, ix 107; Napoleon's
Grand Almoner, 111 ; French ambassador
at Rome, 191 ; 193 ; recalled from Rome,
194 ; 195 ; member of Ecclesiastical Com-
mission, 196; 202
Fessenden, William Pitt, American Secretary
of the Treasury, vii 570
Fethard, Reconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Fetherstone, Richard, trial of, with More,
n 443; execution of, 444
Feth Islam, garrison of, xi 647
Feuerbacher, Matem, leader of Peasants'
Rising, II 182 sq., 188
Feuillants, revolutionary club, viii 173,
212 sq., 215 sq.; ruin of, 221; policy
of, 222
Feuille du Village, La, French newspaper,
XI 127
Feuillet, Octave, novelist, xi 522
Feuqui^res, Isaac de Pas, Marquis de,
French ambassador in Sweden, v 566;
668 sqq. ; 573 sq.
Manassas de Pas, Marquis de,
French diplomatist, concludes treaty with
Sweden, iv 142 ; at Heilbronn, 225 sq. ;
Kinsky and, 234 ; and Wallenstein, 236,
240; at the Frankfort Convention, 246
sq. ; 248; Bernard of Weimar and, 249;
diplomacy of, 367
Feversham, Louis de Duras, Earl of, v 232 ;
247 sq.
Feyt, Florentius, Jesuit, ii 631
Fez, Pisan alliance with, in 398 ; xii 132 ;
explorer in, 808
Fezensac, Due de, ix 252
Fezzan, Hornemann in, xn 806
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, viii 775 ; life and
work of, IX 325-8; x 370; philosophy
of, 401, 404, 410; xii 758; 818
Ficino, Marsilio, 1 147, 151 ; and Savonarola,
188; translation of Plato by, 543; and
the Platonic Academy, 559 ; Platonism
of, II 4, 7sq., 16, 701
Ficker, Julius, historian, xn 823; 850
Fickler, C. B. A., Baden radical, xi 164
Ficquelmont, Count Karl Ludwig, Austrian
Minister of Foreign Affairs, xi 155 ; 171 ;
174
Fidei ratio ad Carolum Imperatorerrif of
Zwingli, II 335
Field of Cloth of Gold, ii 42, 417
Fielden, John, x 659 ; 681 sq.
Fielding, Henry, v 131; vi 833; x 718;
723; XI 361
Fields, James Thomas, editor of the
Atlantic Monthly, vii 746
Fiennes, Nathaniel, iv 393
W. See Saye and Sele, Viscount
Fiereck, General, xi 603 sq.
Fieschi, Giuseppe, x 492
Fiasco, Gianluigi, leader of rising in Genoa,
II 81 sq.
Fiesole, Braccio Martelli, Bishop of, n 666,
668 sq.
Fi^v6e, Joseph, ix 137; x 65
Fife, Jacobite successes in, vi 99
Figaro. See Larra
Figner, Vera, Russian revolutionary, xn
311
Russian officer, conducts guerrilla
warfare against French, ix 497
Figueras, captured by the French (1794),
VIII 440, (1808), IX 430; retaken by the
Catalans (1811), 465; besieged by Mac-
donald, 469
Estanislao, Spanish Republican
leader, xii 260 sq.
Figueroa, Don Manuel Ventura, President
of the Council of Castile, vi 374
Fiji Islands, xii 631; annexed by Great
Britain, 666; 667
Filangieri, Carlo, Neapolitan general, xi 91
sq.; 380
Gaetano, the Scienza della Legisla-
zione, vin 729, 747, 777; x 106
Filelfo, Francesco, humanist, Latin letter
writing and, i 544; study of Greek at
Constantinople by, 551; lectures at
Florence by, 654 sq.
Filicaya, Vincenzo da, Italian poet, v 69
FiUpowski, The, iii 75
Fillmore, Millard, vii 399; President of
United States, 404, 432; xi 824; xn 682
Filmer, Sir Robert, iii 750, 763; Patri-
archa, v 228, 254; vi 802 sqq.
Finale, designs of Savoy upon, in 407 ;
promised to Philip III of Spain, iv 14 ;
marquisate of, v 384, 389; Genoa and,
VI 249; 608
Finch, Daniel. See Nottingham, Earl of
Heneage, Earl of Nottingham. See
Nottingham, Earl of
Sir John, in Parliament, iv 273;
flight and impeachment of, 287
Finchley Common, army at, vi 114
Finck, General von, made Commander-in-
chief by Frederick II, vi 293; 294
Findlater, James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of, vi
96
346
General Index.
Fingal, Arthur J. Plunket, 7th Earl of,
and the Irish Catholics, ix 694; 707;
X 629 sqq. ; 634
Fingo tribes, in Queen Adelaide Province,
XI 781
Finkenstein, Napoleon at, ix 289
Count von, Prussian Minister of
Foreign Affairs, vi 265 ; 293 ; 328 ; 706 ;
709
Finland, occupied by Sweden, n 600; be-
queathed to John III, IV 160 ; 162 ; 170 ;
Charles IV in, 172; conquest of, t6,; gov-
ernment of, 175, 181 ; Peace of Stolbova
and, ih. ; Peter the Great in, v 538; 603;
609 ; 614 sq. ; vi 35 ; 37 ; 309 ; Swedish
invasion of, 310; 314; Catharine II and,
694; 760 sq.; 770; 775 sq.; 778 sq.;
Sweden and, 782 ; vm 325 sq. ; after the
Peace of Tilsit, ix 294 ; Eussian invasion
of, 313, 322; grand duchy of, passes to
Russia, 314, 323, 487, 591, x 413; and
Congress of Vienna, ix 668; x 420;
Russian administration of, 433 sqq. ; 440 ;
446; XI 628; 678; 680; xn 11; Scandi-
naviaand, 274sq.; 277; 287; high schools
in, 292; Russian policy in, 334 sq. ;
355; concessions obtained by, 360; 377;
762 sq.
Finlay, George, historian, xi 280; works
of, excluded from Russia, xii 300;
845
Finmark, partition of, xi 684
Finsen, Niels Ryberg, Danish physician,
XII 292
Fiorella, Pascal- Antoine, French comman-
der, viii 575
Firenzuola, Angelo, ni 394, 468
Firlej, Jan, Grand-Marshal of Poland, in
84, 87-9, 96
Firmian, Charles- Joseph, Comte de, Gover-
nor-General of Lombardy, viii 778
Leopold. See Salzburg, Archbishop
of
Firozpur, xi 732 ; 736 ; 738 sq.
Firozshahr, battle of, xi 739
First Booh of Discipline (1560), ii 593
First-fruits, English Act concerning (1532),
II 437, 439
Fischer, Christian A., German traveller,
VIII 783
Emil, German chemist, xii 770
Hannibal, Oldenburg official, xi 151;
and the German fleet, 227
Fischhof , Adolf, AuSfrian politician, xi 153 ;
176
Fish, Hamilton, vn 429 ; American Secretary
of State, 635 sq. ; xii 21 sq.
Fisher, John, Jesuit, v 746
John, Bishop of Rochester^ i 491,
580, 626; ii 428, 431, 433; supports
Queen Catharine, 436 ; the Nun of Kent
and, 441; arrest, trial, and execution of,
443
of Kilverstone, John Arbuthnot
Fisher, Lord, admiral, xn 59
Fisher's Hill, Sheridan's victory at (1864),
vn 532
Fismes, Hocquincourt defeated near (1650),
IV 613
Fitzalan, Henry, 12th Earl of Arundel.
See Arundel
Fitzgerald, Earls of Desmond. See Des-
mond
Edward, poet, xi 354
Lord Edward, Irish insurrectionary
leader, vra 473, 771; ix 701
James Fitzmaurice (cousin of Earl
Gerald), ni 594 sqq.
Sir John, Captain of Desmond.
See Desmond
Sir John Fitzedmund, in 596
Lord Thomas, killed at Stoke (1487),
I 466
Lord Thomas. See Kildare
Sir Thomas, Spanish ambassador in
London, vi 66
Vesey, and the Clare election, x
645 sq.
Colonel, at Blackheath, v 209
Fitzgibbon. See Clare, Earl of
Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, and George IV,
VI 472
Fitzmaurice, Lord. See Lansdowne, 1st
Marquis of
Fitzroy, Sir Charles Augustus, Governor
of New South Wales, xi 795
Robert, Admiral, Governor of New
Zealand, xi 793 sq.
Fitzsimmons, Walter, Archbishop of Dublin,
I 472
Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth
Fitzwilliam, Earl, x 582; 629
W. See Southampton, Earl of
Sir William, Lord Justice in Ireland,
III 594, 596 ; Lord Deputy, 604 ; resigns,
605
William Wentworth Fitzwilliam, 2nd
Earl, VI 478 ; vra 759 ; ix 76 ; Lord Pre-
sident, 674 ; Viceroy of Ireland, 697 sqq.
Fiume, port of, taken from Austria, ix
418
"Five Articles of Perth," iv 487 sq. ; 491
sq. ; abolished, 501
Five Forks, battle of (1865), vn 538
Five Mile Act (1665), v 103, 333
Five Nations, The. See Iroquois
"Five Scholars of Lausanne," execution
of, n 293
Flacius Illyricus,Matthaeus (Mattia Vlacich ) ,
Clavis Sacrae Scripturae, i 609; n 383;
in 150, 162; xn 816
Flacourt, Etienne de, in Madagascar, v
702
Flahaut de la Billarderie, Auguste- Charles-
Joseph, Count de, xi 140
Flaminio, Marcantonio, Italian scholar, i
567; n 17, 379, 389 sq., 398; in 466
Flammock, Thomas, leader of Cornish
rebels, i 469
Flamsteed, John, astronomer, v 721
General Index.
847
Flanders, trade of, with Venice, i 257 ; and
Burgundy, 418; revolts of communes of,
425-9; economic decline of, 429; the
Council of, 431; Treaty of (1490), 449;
(and Artois), ceded to Charles V (1629),
II 60, 102; English commercial truce
with (1528), 430; m 16, 419-20, 435;
Spanish rule in, 465, 476 ; condition of,
495; Don John sent to, 498; return of
Alva to, 500; invitation to Archduke
Matthias to assume the sovereignty
of, 501; and Peace of Vervins, 528;
Archduke Albert of Austria and the In-
fanta assume joint sovereignty of, 524;
after Treaty between Spain and England,
537; Province of, 618; Spanish influence
in, 630; Philip's plans in, 510, 512; iv
639 sq, ; Spain and, 644 sqq. ; Cond^ in,
659; 664; Duke of Orleans in, 597; 598;
618; French advance on, 683; French
in, V 62, 112, 199, 420 sqq. ; French ac-
quisitions in, 153, 373; Marlborough in,
416; 425; and Third Barrier Treaty,
459, VI 640 ; Marshal Saxe in, 240, 243 ;
246 sq. ; 331 ; 644 ; boundaries of, 645 sq. ;
Estates of, vni 39; agriculture in, 61, x
730, 750; campaign in (1793), vin 428;
cotton manufacture in, x 753; xi 670;
anti-French feeling in, 673; education
in, XII 251
Philip, Count of, xi 645
Flaubert, Gustave, novelist, xi 365;
522; 528
Flavigny, French repulse at, xi 590
FMchier, Esprit, Bishop of Nimes.
Nlmes
Flecknoe, Eichard, poet, v 134
Fleetwood, Charles, Lieut. -general, army
and, IV 448; and Wallingford House
party, 449 sq. ; Eichard Cromwell and,
451 sq. ; in Ireland, 535 sqq.; Protec-
torate and, 539; army and, 542, 544 sq. ;
submits to Parliament, 548
Fleix, Peace of, in 34, 37, 665
Fleming, Charles, Jacobite envoy, vi 92
Herman, iv 577; will of Charles X
and, 590
Klas Ericson, Governor of Finland,
attitude of, towards the Swedish Govern-
ment, IV 170, 172; 173
Klas Hermansson, Swedish states-
man, V 573 sq.; 576
Klas Larson, and Oxenstiema, iv
569; death of, 571
Paul, German poet, v 68
"Flemish movement," xi 673, 675
Flemmyng, Eobert, Dean of Lincoln, books
collected by, i 597
Flers, Charles de, French general, vni
420
Flersheim, Colonel von, sent to Paris, iv
381
Flesselles, Jacques de, Prevot des marchands
in Paris, viii 164
Fletcher, Archibald, Eeformer, vni 770
609;
See
Fletcher, Benjamin, Governor of New York,
vn 50 sq.
Giles, envoy to Eussia, v 514
John, HI 381 ; dramatic influence of,
IV 760
Fleuranges. See La Marck, Eobert III de
Fleurus, victory of Mansfeld and Christian
at (1622), IV 81; battle of (1690), v 59,
261, 661, (1794), viii 367, 436 sq.
Fleury, Andr^ Hercule, Cardinal, French
statesman, v 90; 543; vi 69; and the
Jacobites, 109; 131; 134; 143 sqq.; and
Spanish affairs, 148 sqq., 158 sq. ; and
Poland, 152; 154 sqq.; character and
administration of, 161 sqq. ; andLouisXV,
164; and Elisabeth Farnese, 165; and
Pragmatic Sanction, 203; 204; and
Austrian Succession, 228 sq.; 231; 235;
236; and Eussian affairs, 308; 331;
533; death of, 109, 159, 239, 329; vni
15, 33; X 9; 157
Emile-F61ix, French general, xi 134
Joly de, French Comptroller- General,
vm 95
Flinders, Matthew, naval captain and ex-
plorer, capture of, by French, ix 739;
exploration by, 740
Flinders Island, blacks deported to, xi 791
Flocon, Ferdinand, editor of La Reformfi,
XI 25; 99; 101; 109; joins the Socialist
party, 114; 116
Flodden, battle of (1513), i 482
Flood, Henry, Irish politician, vi 492; 494;
497 ; and Irish parliamentary reform,
501 sq.
Floquet, Charles-Thomas, French states-
man, xn 112
Florence, Vol. i. Chap, v (i) Savonarola,
144-89; VI (ii) Machiavelli, 190-218;
the Medici expelled from (1494), 113;
restored (1512), 138; war between the
Visconti and, 279 sq.; cloth industry
at, 496, 512; libraries founded at,
542; Platonic Academy at, 543, 559,
n 702; Council of (1438), i 546; dis-
putes between Papacy and, 661, 666;
the Eenaissance in, ii 3; Platonism in,
4; League of Cognac joined by, 55;
expulsion of the Medici from (1527), 56;
establishment of a Eepublic in, ib.; fall of
(1530), 25, 60, III 53, 465; restoration of
the Medici in, ii 60 ; new constitution of,
m 388-9, 391, 401 ; art in, 394 ; Cosimo's
rule in, 395; rule of Francis in, 396; the
Umidi of, 470 ; iv 143 ^ahd Ferdinand II,
211; John Milton in, v 118; Council
of, 482 sq.; Academies of, 739 sq.;
Don Carlos enters, vi 150; 602; Treaty
of (1801), IX 68, 364; Napoleon controls
policy of the Court of, 398 ; French Pre-
fect sent to, 399; historic dualism with
Siena, 400; Ferdinand IV at, x 114;
scientific and literary society founded at,
128; 132; xi 41; Scientific Congress at,
68;78sq.; Mazzini in, 91 ; theAustrians
348
General Index,
in, 95; reaction in, 377 sq.; 386; be-
comes Italian capital, 539; financial
situation in, xii 214; riots in, 220; 225
sq.; Cardinal Manning at, 230; 824
Florence, Antonino (Sant), Archbishop of,
reforming influence of, i 188, 647, 649,
II 3
— — Archbishop of. See Altoviti, Car-
dinal
Flores, Viceroy of Mexico, viii 290
Florida, discovery of, i 54; expedition of
de Soto to, 54 ; English and French in,
65 sq.; French settlement in, in 492;
VI 347; ceded to Great Britain, 370;
Spanish conquest of, 377; 380 sq.; 428
sq.; 453; 464; Oglethorpe's invasion of,
VII 62 ; loyalist fugitives in, 218 ; Spanish,
French and American claims in, 324 sqq.,
362, 365; secedes from Union, 446, 603;
joins Confederacy, 453; slavery in, 687;
emancipation in, 695; Kepublicans in,
642; the United States and, xii 684;
691
Florida, Confederate cruiser and commerce -
destroyer of the Alabama controversy, vii
565, XII 20
Florida Blanca, Don Jos^ Monino, Count
of, Spanish statesman, vi 374 sq. ; and
Gibraltar, 377 sqq.; 381; reforms by,
382 sq.; viii 292, 782
Floridas, ceded by Spain (1819), x 213,
275; 686
Floriszoon, Pieter, Dutch vice-admiral, v
147
Flotte, Paul-Louis-Ken6 de, French poli-
tician, XI 131; 136
Comte de, Rear- Admiral, hanged at
Toulon, VIII 448
Flottwell, Eduard Heinrich von. Governor
of Posen, X 464
Flourens, Gustave, French politician, xi
498; 502
Floyd, Edward, iii 572
John Buchanan, resigns Secretary-
ship of War, VII 447 ; at Fort Donelson,
495
Flushing, Philip leaves (1559), ni 187;
captured by the Gueux de Mer, 230-1,
233 ; demanded by Elizabeth, 619,
670 sq. ; Austrian vessel stopped at, vi
643; besieged (1809), ix 139, 358; forti-
fications of, destroyed by the British,
359
Flying Fish, British warship, rescues the
Japanese legation in Korea, xii 567
Flysteden, Peter, Lutheran martyr, ii 202
Fock, Russian general, xii 586
Focktchany, conferences at, vi 634
Foere, Abb6 de, x 529
Foersom, Peter Thun, Danish writer, xi
699
Fogarasi, Janos, Hungarian scholar, xi
431
Foggia, and the Apulian aqueduct, xii 238
Fogliani, Neapolitan Minister, vi 597
Foix, Francois Ph^bus, Count of, King of
Navarre. See Navarre
Gaston de, Duke of Nemours, killed
at Ravenna (1512), i 136 sq., 198, 250,
366
Germaine de. See Germaine, Queen
of Spain
Paul de, envoy to England, m 15
sq., 18
Fobmbray, Decrees of (1596), iii 668
Folengo, Giambattista, Italian Reformer,
II 390
Teofilo, III 460
Foley, Sir Thomas, Admiral, vin 626
Foligno, convention of (1801), ix 68 ;
Pius VII at, X 134
Folkestone, action off (May 19, 1652), iv
471
Follen, Karl, revolutionary scheme of, x
364
Fombio, fight at, viii 568
Fominskoie, French army at, ix 498
Fonblanque, Albany, x 656 ; 658 ; 665 ; 674
Fondi, Julia Gonzaga surprised by Turks
at, III 110
Fonseca, Alonso. See Toledo, Archbishop
of
Antonio de, Royalist Captain against
rebel Comuneros, i 373
Diogo da, Damiao de Goes and, ii
415
Manoel Deodoro da, President of
Brazil, xii 675
Rodrigo da, at Oporto, x 332
Fontaine, Pierre-Franpois-Leonard, ix 134
Fran^aise, skirmish at (1595), ni
667
Fontainebleau, Assembly of Notables at
(1560), II 298; Catharine de' Medici at,
ni 1; royal chateau at, 53; Charles
Emmanuel meets Henry IV at, 418;
Biron meets Henry IV at, 680 ; Napoleon's
return to (1809), ix 139; Pius VII im-
prisoned at, 200; Napoleon's policy in
Treaty of, 428; 430; Napoleon at
(1814), 554, 556; Napoleon leaves, 559;
returns to (1815), 574; Pius VII at,
xl33
Treaties of (1679), v 45, 571, (1745),
VI 113, 159, 239, 645 sq., (Nov. 8, 1785),
VIII 281, 312, (Nov. 10, 1785), 283, 321,
(1807), IX 302 sq., 309, 399, 602, x 310,
(1814), IX 558; Edict of (1540), ii 288;
Preliminaries of (1762), vi 299, 346, 428;
Concordat of (1813), ix 200, 203, 207;
Decrees of (Oct. 18 and 25, 1801), 372
Fontana, Domenico, architect of Sixtus V,
m 426, 439 sq., 442 sqq.
Fontane, Theodor, German writer, xi 413 sq.
Fontanes, Louis, Marquis de, vni 515; ix
15; Grand Master of the Imperial Uni-
versity, 128; 132, 136, 139; and the
Restoration, 566; xi 528
Fontenay, captured by the Vendeans, vm
341; higher grade school at, xii 118
General Index,
349
Fontenay, J.-M. C. de. See Bourges, Bishop
of
Fontenay-Mareuil, Marquis de, sent to
Kome by Mazarin, iv 601
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, viii 15
Fontenoy, seized by La None, in 23; by
Montpensier, 25; battle of, vi 111, 242,
247, 250, 331
Fontrailles, Louis d'Astarac, Vicomte de,
follower of Beaufort, iv 596; exile of,
617
Fonzio, Bartolommeo, Venetian reformer
and martyr, ii 381 sq.
Foochow, opening of the port of, xi 810;
captured by the French, xii 131, 527
Foot, Samuel Augustus, American poli-
tician, vn 381
Foote, Andrew Hull, American admiral,
VII 494 sq.
Sir Edward James, vice-admiral,
VIII 657 sq.
Henry S., American Senator, vn
604
Solomon, American statesman, vn
429
Forbes of Pitsligo, Alexander Forbes, Lord,
Jacobite, vi 114 ; 117
Duncan, of CuUoden, vi 107
Joseph, American brigadier-general,
vii 132, 135 sq.
Forbin, Count Claude de, vi 92 sq.
Forbin-Janson, Abb6 C.-A.-M.-J., Comte
de, X 72
Charles -T.-P.-A.-F., Marquis de, xi
122
Forbonnais, Sieur de. See V^ron, Francois
Forcade de La Eoquette, Jean-L,-V.-A. de,
French Minister of the Interior, xi 490
Forckenbeck, Max von, Chief Burgomaster
of Berlin, xii 146
Ford, John, dramatist, m 381; v 126
Patrick, editor of The Irish World,
xn 78; 82
Forde, Francis, captures Masulipatam, vi
548; 556
Forest Cantons, Perpetual League of the
(1291 and 1315), n 305
Foresta, de, Sardinian statesman, xi 869
sq. ,
Forey, Elie-Fr6d6ric, French general, xi
136
Forgacz, Palatine of Hungary, iv 31
Forli, surrenders to Cesare Borgia, i 238;
revolution in (1831), x 155; 156
Forment, Damien, Spanish sculptor, i 382
Formosa, conquered by the Dutch, iv 711,
740; trade of, 712; Chinese rising in, v
696; XII 5; ceded to Japan, 52, 512, 572;
French blockade of, 131, 527; 502; Japan
and, 556 sqq.; progress in, 573
Formula Concordiae, of 1580, ni 704, 708,
712-3
Fom^sy, Henri-Franpois, French com-
mander, vin 565
Fornovo, battle of (1495), i 116 sq.
C. M. H.
Forrest, Sir John, explorer in Australia,
XI 798; XII 018
Nathan Bedford, Confederate cavalry
commander, vii 524
Forster, George, in Central Asia, xn 800
Johann Georg Adam, German travel-
ler, VIII 775
John, biographer and critic, xn 838
Thomas, Jacobite general, vi 101;
103
William Edward, Vice-President of
the Council, xn 23 sq.; Chief Secretary
for Lreland, 36; 38; resigns, 40, 81;
and Parnell, 41; 77 sqq.; 82; 86
Forsyth, Sir Thomas Douglas, mission of,
to St Petersburg, xn 461; 802
Fort Augustus, vi 106 sq.; 112; 116 sq.
Bowyer, captured by the British
(1815), vn 346
Brown (Kio Grande), buUt (1846),
VII 394; attacked, 395
Cataraqui. See Kingston (Ontario)
Donelson, Confederate stronghold on
the Cumberland, vn 494; captured by
Grant, 495, 558, 608, 616
Duquesne, skirmish near (1754), vi
332; attack on (1755), vn 123; 126;
captured (1758), 135 sq.
Edward, English at, vn 125, 127
Erie, captured by the British (1814),
vn343
Fisher, capture of (1865), vn 528,
534, 537, 552, 556 sqq.
Frontenac. See Kingston (Ontario)
Fuentes, built by Fuentes, iv 42 sq.;
promised demolition of, 45, 51
George (Inverness), vi 107; 116
George (Niagara), abandoned by the
British (1813), vn 341
Haake, captured by General Eraser
(1809), IX 358
Henry, Confederate stronghold on
the Tennessee, vn 494; captured by
Grant, 495, 558, 608, 616
James, on the Gambia, v 692, vi 464
Joux, ceded to the Swiss Confedera-
tion, IX 664
Kuropatkin, captured, xn 594
McAllister, Sherman captures (1864),
vn 527
Meigs, besieged (1813), vn 340
Mimms, massacre at (1813), vn 345
Morgan, capture of (1864), vn 554
sqq.
Moultrie, Anderson evacuates (1860),
vn 446 sq.
Nassau (Mouree), erected by the
Dutch, IV 759
Orange. See Albany
Pillow, Confederates evacuate, vn
499, 559; massacre at (1864), 597
Pulaski, captured (1862), vn 552
Randolph, Confederates evacuate, vn
499
St David, siege of, vi 248, 637 sq., 547
22
350
General Index.
Fort St George, foundation of, iv 742;
T 697; surrender of, vi 537; 552
St Louis (Texas), built, vn 362
Sandusky, besieged (1813), vn 340
Sommersohanz, captured, vi 197
Stanwix, St Leger's unsuccessful ex-
pedition against (1777), vii 215
Stedman, captured and recaptured
(1864), VII 534
Stevens, Early at (1864), vii 531
Sumter, Anderson defends (1860-1),
vii 446 sq. ; surrender of, 450, 452, 454,
464 sq ; 545
VVilliam (India), vi 537 ; college at,
IX 728 ; presidency of, xii 495
William (Inverness), siege of, vi
116
William Henry, English at, vii 125,
127; fall of (1757), 129 sqq.
Fortescue, Chichester S. P., Lord Carling-
ford. See Carlingford
Forth, Firth of, Dutch fleet in, v 188 ; vi
92 sq.
Patrick Ruthven, Earl of, Eoyalist
commander-in-chief, iv 308
Fortiguerra, Scipione (Carteromachus), i
563
Fortis, Alessandro, Italian statesman, xii
214; 227
Fortoul, Hippolyte-Nicolas-Honore, French
statesman, xi 135 ; 297
Fortress Monroe, General B. F. Butler at
(1861), vn 464; and Richmond cam-
paign, 472 sq.; Jefferson Davis imprisoned
in, 543 ; fugitive slaves at, 581 sq.
Forty-Two Articles, of Edward VI, ii 508
Forwards, revolutionary journal, xii 302
Foscarari, Egidio, Bishop of Modena, n
398
Foscari, Francesco, Doge of Venice, i 276,
278 sq. ; dogeship of, 281 sq.
Jacopo, son of the Doge, i 282
Foscarini, Antonio, Venetian ambassador
in England, iv 40
Foscolo, Ugo, Italian poet, vi 824 ; 830 ;
X 110 ; 126 ; influence of Byron upon,
725 ; XI 546 ; 549
Fosse, Baron van der, Governor of Brabant,
x534
Fossombroni, Count Vittorio, x 108
Foster, Augustus, British Minister to the
United States, viz 333
John. See Oriel, Lord
Fotheringay, Mary, Queen of Scots, tried
and executed at, in 291-2
Foucault, L6on, physicist, xii 783
Nicolas-Joseph, and the Protestants
of Beam, v 24
Fouch6, Joseph, Due d'Otrante, vin 249,
351; and the Montagnards, 366 sq., 369 ;
Minister of Police, 672 ; and Napoleon,
675, 678; ix 1; 9-11, 14-16, 21, 28-30,
107, 111, 137-40; character of, 141;
180-1, 283, 320; intrigues of, 370, 445;
and the restoration, 565 ; conspiracy of,
572-3; 574; Minister of Police, 616;
treacherous advice of, 642 ; policy of,
645 ; retirement of, x 13 ; 45 sq. ; 48
Foucquet, Jean, French painter, i 414
Fouglres, occupied by the Vendeans, vin
355
Fould, Achille, xi 117; French Minister of
Finance, 129 ; 131 ; 133 ; 297 ; 472 sq.
Foulon, Joseph-FranQois, Minister of the
Household to Louis XVI, vm 163;
murdered, 168
Fouqu^, Baron Friedrich Heinrich de la
Motte, German romanticist, x 404
Baron Heinrich August de la Motte,
Prussian general, vi 279 ; 294
Fouquet, Basile, Abb6, and Mazarin, iv
608, 621
Nicolas, Vicomte de Vaux, and Ma-
zarin, IV 608, 621; fall of, v 6
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine-Quentin, Public
Prosecutor, viii 356 sq., 375
"Four Days' Battle," Anglo-Dutch fight
(1666), v 183 sqq.
Four Elements, English play on the New
World, I 51
Fourcroy, Comte Antoine-Franpoia de,
man of science, viii 433; Minister of
Education, ix 127
Foureau, Fernand, African explorer, xn
812 sq.
Fourier, FranQois-Marie-Charles, ix 133;
XII 296 ; 758
Baron J.-B, -Joseph, vni 606
Fourilles, French cavalry inspector, v 18
Fourmies, strike at, xii 125
Fournier, Claude, revolutionary, viii 228,
232, 243
Captain, convention with China con-
cluded by, XII 526
Sarlovese, FranQois, ix 21
Fourni^re, Eugene-Joseph, French socialist,
XII 123
Fourqueux, de, Comptroller-General under
Louis XVI, VIII 104
•'Fourteen of Meaux," execution of, ii 290
Fourtou, Marie-F.-O. Bardy de, French
politician, xii 106; 111; 114
Fowler, Edward, Bishop of Gloucester, v
752
Sir Henry. See Wolverhampton,
Viscount
Fox, Charles James, vi 380 ; and the Wilkes
case, 441 ; 445 sq. ; 451 ; leads Reform
movement, 455 ; 456 ; Secretary of State,
457 ; and Ireland, 458 ; 459 ; negotiates
for peace, 460 sq.; resigns, 462 ; 463 sqq.;
India Bill of, 466 sq., 581; dismissed,
467 ; 468 sq. ; and Pitt's second India
BQl, 470; 471 sqq.; 475; and Burke,
476; 477 sq.; and Ireland, 500, 504;
501; and Warren Hastings, 581, 584;
vin 284, 303, 759 ; ix 24 ; 245 ; succeeds
Pitt, 264; 265-6; policy with France,
269 ; 270 ; and abolition of the slave
trade, 613; and Whig party, 673 sqq.;
General Index,
351
becomes Foreign Secretary, 685 ; death of
(1806), 271 ; 686 ; and India, 711 ; and
Warren Hastings, 716; x 360; and
Irish Catholics, 631 ; xi 756 sq. ; 766
Fox, George, Quaker, v 328; vi 799
Gustavus Vasa, American naval
officer, VII 549
Henry. See Holland, Lord
Foxe, Edward, at Eome, ii 430
John, I 641; n 633; Booh of
Martyrs, 638
Eichard, Bishop of Winchester, i
469, 471, 620, 645
Foy, Maximilien-S^bastien, French gene-
ral, pursues Mina, ix 476; pursued by
Wellington, 478; x 60; 64; 67; 68;
opposes compensation for the imigreSf
86; death of, 88; 103
Foyle, Loch, Spanish aid to the Irish
Catholics sent to, iii 531, 608
Fracastan, G., Italian scholar, ii 16
Fraenckel, L^on, French politician, xi
503
Fragonard, Jean-Honor^, ix 135
FramUngham, rally of Mary Tudor's sup-
porters at, II 514
Francavila, Marquis of. See Ferandina,
Duke of
Francavilla, Spanish victory at, vi 125
France
I iv Italy and her invaders, passimf
104-43
xii France, 384-415
[See also xv. Economic Change,
passim, but especially 503 sqq.,
525 sqq. ; xvi, especially 575
sqq. ; xvii, xviii and xix pas-
sim]
II ii Habsburg and Valois (i), 36-65
iii Habsburg and Valois (li), 66-103
ix The Eeformation in France, 280-
304
in i The Wars of Religion in France,
1-52
ii French Humanism and Mon-
taigne, 53-72
XX Henry IV of France, 657-95
IV ii The Valtelline (1603-39), passim,
35-63
iv Eichelieu, 118-57
vii (2) Nordlingen and Prague (1634-
5), passim, 243-55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), passim,
364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, passim,
395-433
xxi Mazarin, 592-622
xxiii Papal Policy (1590-1648), passim,
666-88
XXV The transference of colonial
power to the United Provinces
and England, passim, 746-59
xxvii Descartes and Cartesianism, pas-
sim, 776-99
France {contd.)
v i The government of Louis XIV
(1661-1715), 1-31
ii The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-97), 32-63
iii French 17th century literature
and its European influence,
64-71
iv The Gallican Church, 72-91
vii Administration of John de Witt
and William of Orange (1651-
88), passim, 137-67
xii Austria, Poland and Turkey,
passim, 338-71
xiii The Treaties of Partition and the
Spanish Succession, passim,
372-400
xiv The War of the Spanish Succes-
sion and the Peace of Utrecht,
passim, 401-59
xxii The Colonies and India, passim,
673-705
VI iv The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, I (1714-26),
120-44
V The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, II (1727-46),
145-67
vi Financial experiments and colonial
development, passim, 168-90
viii The War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, passim, 201-50
ix The Seven Years' War, passim,
251-300
xi The reversal of alliances and the
Family Compact, 329-60
XV India, passim, 506-85
xvii Switzerland from the treaty of
Aarau to the French Ee volution ,
passim, 611-25
xxiv The Eomantio movement in
European literature, passim,
822-37
VII iii The French in America (1608-
1744), 70-113
iv The conquest of Canada (1744-
61), passim, 114-43
ix The struggle for commercial inde-
pendence (1783-1812), passim,
305-34
VIII i Philosophy and the Eevolution,
1-35
ii The government of France, 36-65
iii Finance, 66-78
iv Louis XVI, 79-118
V The elections to the States
General, 119-44
vi The National Assembly, and the
spread of anarchy, 145-75
vii The constitution of 1791, 176-
210
viii The Legislative Assembly, 211-
44
ix The National Convention to the
fall of the Gironde, 245-75
22—2
352
General Index,
France {contd.)
vrn X The foreign policy of Pitt to the
outbreak of war with France,
passim, 276-305
xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim, 306-
37
xii The Terror, 388-71
xiii The Thermidorian reaction and
the End of the Convention,
372-97
xiv The General war, 898-446
XV The Naval war, 447-86
xvi The Directory, 487-520
xviii Bonaparte and the Conquest of
Italy, 553-93
xix The Egyptian expedition, 594-
619
XX The struggle for the Mediter-
ranean, passim, 620-32
xxi The Second Coalition, passim^
633-64
xxii Brumaire, 665-88
xxiii Kevolutionary Finance, 689-709
xxiv French law in the age of the
Kevolution, 710-53
XXV Europe and the French Kevolu-
tion, 754-90
IX i The Consulate (1799-1804), 1-33
iii The pacification of Europe (1799-
1802), passim, 55-80
iv France and her tributaries (1801-
3), 81-106
V France under the Empire (1804-
14), 107-47
vi The Codes, 148-79
vii The Concordats, 180-207
viii The Command of the Sea (1803-
15), 208-43
ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), 294-840
xii The War of 1809, passim, 341-60
xiii The Continental System (1809-
14), 361-89
xiv The French Dependencies, and
Switzerland (1800-14), 390-427
XV The Peninsular War (1808-14),
passim, 428-82
xvi Eussia and the invasion of 1812,
2}assim, 483-505
xvii The War of Liberation (1813-4),
passim, 506-54
xviii The first Eestoration (1814-5),
555-75
xix The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
5), passim, 576-615
XX The Hundred Days (1815), 616-
45
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (1815) ,
passivi, 646-71
xxiv St Helena, passim, 756-71
France {contd.)
X i The Congresses (1815-22), passim,
1-39
ii The Doctrinaires, 40-70
iii Reaction and Revolution in
France, 71-103
V The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, passim, 131-61
XV The Orleans Monarchy, 475-516
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
xxiii Economic Change, passim, 727-
62
XI ii The fall of Constitutionalism in
France (1840-8), 22-42
iv Italy in revolution (1846-9),
passim, 65-95
V The French Republic (1848-52),
96-141
viii The achievement of Swiss
Federal Unity, passim, 234-
61
X Napoleon III and the period of
personal government (1852-9),
286-308
zi Great Britain and the Crimean
War (1852-6), passim, 309-24
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of
Italy (1849-61), passim, 366-
92
xvii The Liberal Empire (1859-70),
467-506
xviii The reaction against Romanticism
in French literature (1840-71),
507-28
xxi The Franco-German War (1870-
1), 576-612
XII v The Third French Republic, 91-
183
vi The German Empire, passim,
134-72
XV Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan,
passim, 429-56
xvii The Far East, passim, 500-36
XX The European Colonies, passim,
602-71
[See also xxi 680 sqq.]
xxiii Social movements, passim, 730-
65
France, Anatole, French novelist, xn 13
Francesco da Puglia, Fra, opponent of
Savonarola, i 181
Franche Comtd, ceded to Austria (1493),
I 229, 392, 395 ; captured by Maximilian I,
454 ; invasion of, by Henry IV, iii 666-7 ;
French army in, iv 147 sq. ; Cond6 and,
370 sq.; Bernard of Weimar in, 373 sq.,
379 sq. ; 593 ; places in, restored to Spain
by Treaty of the Pyrenees, 620 ; Estates of,
V 4; 36; 38; relinquished by France,
39, 158; 41; 48; ceded to France, 45,
165; 46; 164; 200; 220; 373; 423; 449;
Prussia and, 669 ; vi 141
Franchet, French Chief of Police, x 93
Francia, Jose G. Rodriguez da, dictator of
Paraguay, xii 674
General Index,
353
Francis I, Emperor (Duke of Lorraine,
afterwards Grand Duke of Tuscany),
VI 140 ; 152 ; and Tuscany, 155 sq. ;
elected Emperor, 160; 203; 229; and
War of Austrian Succession, 231 ; 242
sq. ; and Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249 ;
257; and the Papacy, 590 sq.; 600;
death of, 626
II, Emperor {afterwards Francis I,
Emperor of Austria), viii 531, 536, 579,
582, 634, 642; policy of, 644, 650 sq.,
663; declines Napoleon's proposals, ix
56; 63 sqq., 92 sq., 100; policy of, 247;
248; Napoleon's threat to, 251; 256;
armistice proposed by, 257 ; negotiations
of, with Napoleon, 258; interview of,
with Napoleon, 261 ; 262 ; becomes
Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 269 ; 310,
315, 317; advised to go to Erfurt, 320;
342; prepares for war against France,
344 ; letter of, to King of Prussia, 352 ;
truce of, with France, 353; Napoleon
demands abdication of, 359 ; relations of,
with Napoleon, 487; 537, 550, 555; at
Congress of Vienna, 580; 596, 622;
leaves Vienna, 651; feeling of, towards
Napoleon, 654 ; and Holy Alliance,
665; signs Holy Alliance, x 9; at
Aix-la-Chapelle, 14; in Italy, 20; 21;
at Conference of Troppau, 27; 106;
negotiations of, with King of Naples
(1815), 110; at Rome, 137, 145; relations
of Papacy with, 144 sq. ; 146 ; and
the execution of Gregorios, 183; at
Czemovitz, 187; at Aix-la-Chapelle,
353 ; domestic policy of, 355 sqq. ; and
Magyar Diet, 371 ; and Galicia, 461 ;
at Munchengratz, 557; death of, 378;
XI 44
I, King of France, i 43 ; Turkey and,
92 sqq. ; 128, 140 ; victory of, at Marig-
nano, 140 sqq. ; 322; Leo X and, 388 sq.;
395, 458, 484, 490; ii 14, 23, 26, 32,
87 sq., 49, 67, 96 sqq.; struggle between
Charles V and. Chaps, ii, in passim,
36-103 ; defeat and imprisonment of, 423 ;
treaty of, with Charles V, 426; church
policy of, the Concordat and, 281, the
Reformation in France and, 281-92, per-
secution under, 347; meets Henry VIII
(1620), 416 sq., (1532), 439; change of
attitude to Clement VII, 216 sq. ; meets
Clement VII at Marseilles (1533), 68,
220, 285, 440; invades Savoy, 232;
239; death of, 82, 260; effect of, on
French policy, 486; character of, 38;
Calvin's letter to, 356; iii 53, 64, 104
sq. ; and Barbarossa, 110 ; and war with
Charles V, 113; urged by Charles V to
mediate with Sultan (1538), 115; joint
Embassy of, with Charles V to Venice,
115 sq.; 399, 581, 684, 695, 758; v 625
II, King of France, ii 93; reign of,
296-9; 499, 548, 557, 581; Council of
Trent and, 674 sq. ; m 261 sqq., 478, 483 sq.
Francis I, King of The Two Sicilies, ap-
pomted Regent (1821), vii 368; ix 383;
assumes government (Jan. 16, 1812), 384;
X 112; and revolt at Cilento, 119
II, King of The Two Sicilies,
marriage and accession of, xi 380 sq. ;
387 ; flight of, from Naples, 388; 389 sq. ;
469
Infante of Spain, arrest of, ix 433 ;
X 231
Charles, Archduke of Austria, xi 44;
152; and the Austrian Constitution,
174; and the succession, 190
■ Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King
of Hungary, xi 88 ; 190 ; Hungarian Diet
and, 202; and Hungarian campaign, 210,
213 ; pardons Gorgei, 214 ; abolishes
Constitution, 217; and King of Prussia,
224; and Danish succession question,
226; and Hesse-Cassel crisis, 229, 231;
visits Italy, 374, 377 ; at Villafranca, 384 ;
393; 398; visits Hungary, 401; Russia
and, 402 ; resolves on war in Italy, 403 ;
and constitutional changes, 403 sq. ; and
Hungary, 404 sq. ; and Prussia, 407;
and German unity, 408; and Frankfort
assembly of Princes, 435; and Italy,
449; and Napoleon III, 450 sq., 453;
455 ; visits Paris, 484 ; xii 14 ; Glad-
stone and, 37; 116; at Berlin, 139;
character and reign of, 175; 176; and
constitutional reform, 177 sq. ; and
Schmerling, 181; and Hungary, 182 sq. ;
crowned King of Hungary, 184 ; and the
Cechs, 186; 188 sq.; Andrassy and, 190;
192; Taaffe and, 194; 196; 199; 202;
and reform, 206; 209 sq. ; and Bosnia-
Herzegovina, 212 ; and Humbert I, 240 ;
and Galicia, 337 ; 382 ; and Russo-
Turkish War, 389 ; 401 ; and Prince Fer-
dinand of Bulgaria, 427; 433
Alban, Benedictine, v 237 sq.
St, of Assisi, II 2
de Sales (Saint), v 78
Xavier (Saint), n 652; and Japan,
IV 712
Sir Philip, and Warren Hastings,
VI 581, 584; in India, 571 sq.; 574 sqq.;
writer, viii 758, 760; ix 716
Franciscans, in England, contributions of
the Order to learning, i 585-92; great
preachers of, 647, 675; produce leaders
of Protestant Reform, ii 161; reformed
in Spain, 400; in Italy, 647. See also
Capuchins, Grey Friars, Observants,
and Religious Orders
Francisco de Asis, King Consort of Isabel II
of Spain, xi 37 sq. ; marriage of, 554 sq.;
656; and Narvaez, 557; 661; 669
Franck, Sebastian, sectary, ii 223
Francke, August Hermann, and the Halle
Pietists, V 760; vi 226; xi 710
Franckenberg, or Frankenberg, Johann H.
de. Cardinal, Archbishop of Malines,
VI 652; 656; viii 318, 787
354
General Index.
Franco, Joao, Portuguese statesman, xii
271 sq.
Niecolo, ni 468
Franco- German War, Vol. xi, Chap, xxi
Francois, Marie Luise von, German
novelist, xi 412
Franconia, the HohenzoUerns and, i 297
sq. ; conquered by Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 207 ; Horn in, 208 ; Wallenstein and,
216, 218; Bernard of Weimar in, 219;
392 ; ravaged in Thirty Years' War, 418 ;
in War of Austrian Succession, vi 238;
273; and Congress of Vienna, ix 588
Frangipani, Francis, and Hungarian con-
spiracy, v 361 sq.
Franke, Karl Philipp, and Malmoe Truce,
XI 168
Frankenhausen, defeat of Peasants' Eising
at, II 188 sq.
Frankenthal, siege of (1621), ry 78; 82; in
Spanish hands, 83, 603
Frankfort (on-the-Main), Diet of (1454), i
666, (1485), 302, (1489), 302, (1501), 311;
Peace of (1489), 394 sq., 449; meeting of
Schmalkaldic League at, n 217; negotia-
tions with Lutherans at, 238; Diet of
Schmalkaldic League at (1545), 253;
submits to Charles V, 258; Turkish
interpreter at, iii 123; Deputationstag
at (1590), 712; "Corresponding" Princes
at, 717; meeting of Electors at, iv
27 sq.; Christian of Halberstadt at,
79; 81; "Composition "meeting at, 114,
117, 207; and Gustavus, 208; 217;
Heilbronn Alliance at, 243; Bernard of
Weimar at, 244 ; Convention, 245 sqq. ;
Peace of Prague accepted by, 255 ;
occupied by Imperialists, 367; meeting
of Deputationstag at (1643), 385; com-
mercial recovery of, 420; Imperial elec-
tion at, V 431; Diet of (1741), vi 233;
Union of, 240; captured by Houchard
(1792), VIII 414; surrendered, ib.; Diet
of (1806), IX 268; and the Continental
System, 373 sq., 377; grand duchy of,
413-5; Allies at, 542; Dalberg resigns
grand duchy of, 587 ; Catholics and
Jews of, at Congress of Vienna, 588;
Jews of, 650; free city of, 658; Four
Allied Powers at (1819), 666; Treaty of
(1819), X 19, 22, 145; Commission (1819)
of, 148; and Diet of Germanic Con-
federation [Bundestag), 341, 343 sqq.,
362, 366 sq., (1824), 370; revolutionary
plot at, 377 sq. ; and European finance,
743 ; National Assembly at, xi 162,
164, 181, 188 sq., 191, 194 sqq., 227;
Vorparlament at, 144, 163 ; Diet at
(1848), 147, 162, 228; 150; Archduke
John at, 166; riots in (184.8), 168 sq.;
Confederation meeting at, 223; 224; 233;
and German navy, 227 n. ; Bismarck at,
402 sq., 434; assembly of Princes at, 435;
446; 455; Constitution, 198, 200 sq., 218;
Peace of (1871), 612, xii 96; 135; 159
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, retreat of Schaum-
burg's army to, iv 196; Tilly at, 199;
capture of, 201 ; Cartesian philosophy in,
791; University of, v 624, ix 327, x 355;
Bussian and Austrian allies at, vi 292,
324; fair of, x 759
Frankfort (Kentucky), inauguration of Con-
federate governor at (1862), vii 607
Franklin (Tennessee), battle of (1864), vn
624
(Canada), district of, xi 776
Benjamin, and colonial federation,
VI 412 sq. ; 449 ; and peace negotiations,
460 sqq.; vii 69; 123, 145; and the
Stamp Act, 149 sqq., 156 sq., 199, 204
sq. ; 173; negotiates with France, 210;
at Constitutional Convention, 246, 253,
257, 261 sq., 292; 730; character of,
732 sq. ; xn 744 ; 757
Sir John, xii 809 sq. ; 814 sq.
William Buel, American general, vii
469
Franquesa, Pedro, Spanish Minister, ni
545
Franz Josef Land, discovered, xii 795
Franzburg, capitulation of, iv 106
Franzenskanal, xi 182
Franzoni, L. See Turin, Archbishop of
Dr, reports on Basilicata, xn 237
Frascati, Consalvi at, x 131
Eraser, Alexander George, General, captures
Fort Haake, ix 358
Simon, of Beaufort. See Lovat,
Lord
Simon, lieutenant-colonel, vn 214
Fraternities, lay, in Germany, ii 108
Fraticelli, of Monte Amiata, i 151; sup-
pressed by Pius II, 623
Frauenberg (Bavaria), siege of castle of
(1525), II 188; relief of, 190
(Bohemia), surrender of, vi 234
Fraunhofer, Joseph, and spectrum analysis,
XII 782 sq.
Fraustadt, Swedish victory at (1706), v 594
Frayssinous, Denis-Luc, Comte, Bishop in
partibus and Grand Master of the Uni-
versity of France, x 78 ; Minister of
ecclesiastical affairs, 87 ; 93 sq.
Frazer River, discovery of, vii 365
General, at Dig, ix 728
Frederica, settlement of, vii 62
Frederick II, Emperor, Venice and, i 260;
v620; 665
Ill, Emperor, i 76, 104; dynastic
policy of, 294 sq. ; ecclesiastical settle-
ment of, 294 sq. ; acquires Tyrol, 296;
Berthold of Mainz and, 302; Matthias
Corvinus and, 335, 344 ; 390, 442 ; inva-
sion of Netherlands by, 448 sq. ; 687, 689 ;
v623; 634
I (of Schleswig-Holstein), King of
Denmark and Norway, attitude of, to-
wards Lutheranism, ii 169; 224, 228 eqq.,
245; and the Reformation in Denmark,
608-14, and in Norway, 618 sq.; v 635
General Index.
355
Frederick II, King of Denmark, iii 151 ; 157 ;
and Erik XIV of Sweden, iv 162 sq. ; 166 ;
660; Denmark under, 561 sq. ; Sweden
and, 563; death of, 564
Ill, King of Denmark, Bishop of
Verden, iv 89; 91; coadjutor of Osna-
briick, 96; and Peace of Prague, 255;
Archbishop of Bremen, 365; loses Verden,
404 ; commercial treaty between England
and, 439; beginnings of reign of, 573 sq. ;
684 sq.; 587 sq.; 590; v 558; and the
coup d'etat of 1 660, 559 sq. ; policy of,
560; 561; and Sweden, 146 sq., 562; 579;
VI 735
IV, King of Denmark, accession of,
V 580; and anti-Swedish leagues, 580,
587, 602; and the Great Northern War,
580 sqq. ; and Treaty of Frederiksborg,
683; 607; 611 sq.; and Frederick I of
Prussia, 666; vi 23; and Sweden, 28,
37; death of, 735 sq.; 737; 739; 741
V, King of Denmark, vi 739 sqq. ;
death of, 742; and Sweden, 762
VI, King of Denmark (Prince Royal),
VI 188 ; 735 ; birth of, 743 ; 751 ; 753 sqq. ;
and Norway, viii 279 sq. , 788 ; Napoleon's
letter to, ix 296; 297; English alliance
refused by, 299; 300; at the Congress
of Vienna, 582 ; and Schleswig-Holstein,
X 363 ; 370 ; reign of, xi 691 sq.
VII, King of Denmark, xi 161 ; and
Schleswig-Holstein, 225; accession and
reign of, 694 sqq.; death of, 438, 477,
696
VIII, King of Denmark, xii 289;
accession of, 293
Ill, of Naples. See Federigo
I, King of Prussia (Frederick III,
Elector of Brandenburg), v 65 ; supports
William of Orange, 244; 438; claims
Upper Gelders as Duke of Cleves, 448;
449 sq.; 581; and anti- Swedish leagues,
693 sq. ; 602 ; and Schwiebus Circle,
655, 658 sq. ; illness of, 656; and the
Great Elector's will, ih.\ Elector of
Brandenburg, 658; aspirations of, 660;
and expedition of William of Orange,
t6. ; aids Emperor against France and
Turks, 661; and Peace of Ryswyk,
ih.\ negotiates as to a royal crown,
663 sqq. ; coronation of, 665 ; and
Grand Alliance, 666; and Northern
War, 666 sq. ; alliance of, with Sweden,
667; and Poland, ih.\ foreign policy of,
668 sq. ; and Orange inheritance, ib. ;
and the Empire, 669; economic and
intellectual progress under, 669 sq. ;
religious views of, 671; results of his
reign, 672; and Academy of Sciences,
741 ; and Christian Wolf, 760 ; death of,
668; VI 6; 8
II (the Great), King of Prussia, v
643; 671; reign of, Vol. vi, Chap, xx;
and War of the Austrian Succession,
Chap, vin (3) passim \ and Seven
Years' War, Chap, ix passim \ 119;
invades Silesia, 158; 160; 165; 207;
210; and Frederick William I, 211 sq.;
216; policy of, 227; and War of the
Austrian Succession, 310; 314; and
Bestuzheff, 316; and Russia, 317 sqq.,
322 sqq.; 342a sq. (in Vol. xm) ; 344; and
the "Reversal of Alliances," 366 sqq.; and
Treaty of Hubertusburg, 346; 352; and
Poland, 353, 355, 367, 665 sqq.; 358;
398 sqq. ; and Treaty of Versailles, 401
sq. ; and Pitt, 393, 404, 409 sq., 416, 418,
421, 437 ; 405 sq. ; and English alliance,
407 sqq., 422; deserted by England, 427;
and Benedict XIV, 589; and Swiss,
633; and Kaunitz, 629; and Russia,
630 ; and Bavaria, 631 sq. ; meeting of,
with Joseph II, 633; 646; and the
FiJrstenbund, 647 ; 655 ; and Catharine II,
658 sq., 664, 677 sq. ; Peter III and, 661;
673; and Turkey, 675; 696; 699; 763;
and Bernstorff, 740, 744 ; 767 ; death of,
647, viii 282, 286, 314; and Joseph II,
309 ; and Poland, 523 ; and the neutral
flag, IX 42; Napoleon at tomb of, 281;
329; X 342; De la litterature allemande
of, 389; foundry of, 732; xn 136;
828 sq.
Frederick III, King of Prussia and German
Emperor, (as Crown Prince) xi 159,
406 ; and Schleswig-Holstein, 440 ; in
Austro-Prussian War, 452 sq. ; supports
Bismarck, 455 sq. ; and the German
Empire, 465 sq, ; in Franco-German War,
680, 583 sq.; imperial accession and death
of, XII 163 sq. ; 433
I, King of Sweden (Landgrave of
Hesse-Cassel), v 408; 555; vi 37; and
Congress of Brunswick, 39; 742; 761;
death of, 762
I, King of Wiirtemberg, at Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 582 ; marriage of,
265; 268; x 360 sq.
"Hereditary Prince" of Denmark,
son of Frederick V and Queen Juliana
Maria, vi 749 sqq.; 755; viii 279
Prince of the Netherlands, x 535
sqq. ; xii 244
Augustus I, King of Saxony, and
ihe FUrstenhund, vi 708; ix 278-9; 325;
receives duchy of Warsaw, 293; 337-8;
and Congress of Vienna, 582 ; 693 sqq. ;
joins in Treaty of peace (May, 1816),
647
Augustus II, King of Saxony, xi 59 ;
149; 200; and Frankfort Constitution,
218 sq. ; 222
Augustus, Elector of Saxony. See
Augustus, King of Poland
Augustus, Prince, co-Regent of
Saxony, x 374; 643
Charles, Prince (of Prussia), in
Austro-Prussian War, xi 452 ; in Franco-
German War, 580, 585, 689 sqq., 693 sq.,
599, 604, 606 sq., 609 sq.
356
General Index,
Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony.
See Saxony
Louis, Prince of Wales, vi 66; 68 sq.;
72 ; 76 ; 210 ; death of, 740
William I, King of Prussia, v 448;
and Frederick IV, of Denmark, 582 sq. ;
and Peter the Great, 542, 612; 611;
647 ; and Danckelmann, 662 ; 668 ; 671 ;
reign of, Vol. vi. Chap, vin (2); 8; and
Elector George Lewis, 17; 21; 23 sq.;
and Sweden, 35 sq.; 37; and Congress
of Brunswick, 39; and Hanover Alli-
ance, 59; 143; 196 sq. ; and Pragmatic
Sanction, 202; 230; economic policy of,
714 sq., 717 sqq., 722
II, King of Prussia, reign of,
Vol. VI, Chap. XX ; 293; 648; 656; vm
107; accession of, 286, 288, 314; and
Convention of Eeiclienbach, 293; 294;
and the Netherlands, 322 sq.; 330,
333; character of, 400, 408; and Luxem-
burg, 431; and Poland, 529, 543 sq.,
550 sq.
Ill, King of Prussia, vni 520,
634 sq.; ix 41; 46, 56, 73, 92; anti-French
policy of, 249 ; offer of Hanover to, 251 ;
French affront to, 255; 263, 264; re-
lations of, with France, 266 ; with Russia,
ib.; invited to assume title of Emperor,
272; sends ultimatum to Napoleon, 273;
retreats on Weimar, 277 ; peace proposed
to, 278; retreat of, 280; relations of,
with Russia, 282; at Memel, 285; 291;
peace offered to, 287; deserted by
Alexander, 292; 293; and Alexander I,
308 ; Napoleon's demands upon, 317 ;
322 ; and Stein, 329 ; influence of, 331 ;
military reform of, 332 ; 333 ; return of,
to Berlin, 334; ordered to expel Stein,
335; 344; attitude of, to the war of
1809, 352 ; 364 ; accepts Trianon Tariff,
373; relations of, with Napoleon, 487;
508 sqq. ; and Allies' Council of War,
527; at Leipzig, 535; 539, 542; re-
lations of, with Austria, 650; enters
Paris, 555; 556; at Vienna, 580 sq.;
and the Federal Act, 650 ; leaves
Vienna, 651 ; and Holy Alliance, 665 ;
position of, after 1815, x 8; signs Holy
Alliance, 9; at Aix-la-Chapelle, 14; 20;
27; 342; 348; influence of Russia and
Austria upon, 349; 350; Metternich and,
352; and Francis I of Austria, 355;
and Wartburg festival, 36i ; 365 ; con-
ference of, with Metternich at Teplitz,
366; 372; and Protestant Churches,
382; and Posen, 463; and France (1830),
465, 481 ; death of, 382
IV, King of Prussia, (as
Crown Prince) at Conference of Trop-
pau, X 27; 381; at Miinchengratz,
657; accession of, xi 47; ideas and
aims of, 48; first measures of, 49;
religious policy of, 50 sqq. ; constitu-
tional schemes of, 55 sqq. ; 142 ; and
Queen Victoria, 143; and the German
national movement, 63 sq., 144 ; proposes
conference at Dresden, 144, 153; and
Anhalt affairs, 150; 154; and the re-
volutionary movement in Berlin, 166
sqq. ; and German unity, 160 ; 162 ;
and "Dahlmann's Constitution," 163;
165; and Schleswig-Holstein War, 167;
and Auerswald Ministry, 191 ; and
Prussian * ' National Assembly, 192 ; and
Brandenburg- Manteuff el Ministry, 193;
attitude of, towards Austria, 195 sq. ;
chosen German Emperor, 197 sq.; de-
clines Imperial Crown, 199 ; and Frank-
fort Constitution, 200; and Austria,
208, 224; and German Confederation,
218 sqq. ; and Danish succession, 226 ;
and Hesse-Cassel crisis, 228 sqq. ; and
Switzerland, 249; and Neuchatel, 253,
255 sq. ; policy of, 393, 395; and
Kreuzzeitung party, 396 sq. ; succeeded
by his brother, 406 ; and the Papacy, 708
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
(the Great Elector). See Brandenburg,
Electors of
William, Duke of Brunswick-Gels.
See Brunswick-Oels, Duke of
Augustus, Duke of York and Albany,
vin429, 431, 662; ix 440; meets Queen
Caroline, 675; and Catholic Emanci-
pation, 679 ; and the opponents of
Addington, 681 ; onslaught on, 687 ;
relations of, with George III, 688
William Canal, the, v 645
Fredericksburg, Burnside defeated at (1862),
VII 483 sq.
FrM^ricq, Paul, Belgian historian, xii 842
Frederiksborg, royal festivities at, iv 586;
Treaty of (1720), v 583, vi 37
(Slave Coast), Danish station, v 691
Frederikshald, attacked by Charles X, iv
589 ; by Charles XII, v 583 ; death of
Charles XII at, vi 34
Frederikshamn, fortress of, vi 314 ; Treaty
of (1809), IX 323, 487; school of Cadets
at, X 434
Frederiksodde, iv 584 ; stormed by Wrangel,
585
Frederikssten, death of Charles XII at, v
614
Freducci, Ludovico, Lord of Fermo, n 14
Free Bailiwicks, in Switzerland, ii 331
Churches, theory of, ii 200. See
also Lutheranism, etc., and for England,
Nonconformists, etc.
Freeman, Edward Augustus, historian, xi
363 ; xii 390 ; 397 ; works of, 839 sq. ;
845
Freeman's Journal, Irish newspaper, xi 8
Freemasons, growth of, after 1814, x 215
sqq. ; establishment of the comuneros in
opposition to, 221 ; in France, under
Third Republic, xn 115
Freeport (Illinois), Lincoln and Douglas
at, vu 444
General Index.
357
Fr^geville, Charles-L.-J., Marquis de, vni
677; 684
Fregoso, Cesare, French envoy, murdered,
n 76; m 105, 118
Federigo, Cardinal, ii 33; 379;
tracts by Luther attributed to, 380; church
reform and, 643
Gian-Galeazzo, Genoese in Tuscan
service, ni 16
Frei, Felix, Provost of Chapter at Zurich,
n 310
Jacob, and the Beformation at Zurich,
n331
Freiberg (in Saxony), besieged by Ban^r,
IV 387; VI 297; battle at, 299
Freiburg im Breisgau, Diet transferred to
(1498), I 307; University of, 325; taken
by peasants (1525), n 182 ; French
troops in, rv 383; battles near (1644),
388, 597; v 45 sq.; ceded by France, 63;
retaken (1713), 435; restored (1714), 436,
454; VI 241; 637
Freiburg (Swiss Canton), Catholicism in,
in 405 ; and Neuchatel, v 449 ; the patri-
ciate of, VI 624; 625; Swiss Diet meets
at (1803), IX 423; restores its old Consti-
tution (1814), 600; bishopric of, x 149;
XI 234 ; Government of, 235 ; reaction in,
238 ; the Jesuits in, 239 ; 240 ; and the
Aargau monasteries, 247; 251; 257; in-
dustries of, 259
Freiligrath, Ferdinand, German poet, xi
50; 143; 413 sq.
Freinsheim, Johann, Swedish theologian,
IV 787
Freire, Agostinho Jos6, in the Azores, x
327
Fr^jus, Prince Eugene at, v 419; landing
of Napoleon at (1799), vm 663, 674,
IX 41
Fremantle, Australian port, xi 791
Fremont, John Charles, "the Path- finder,"
vn 395, 432 ; major-general of U.S. Army,
459 sqq. ; 475 ; 477, 491, 493 ; and slavery,
583 sq., 599
French Canal Company (Panamd), xn 698
sqq.
"French Fury, The," at Antwerp (1583),
ra 256-7
French Eevolution. See France, Vol. viii
Frenchtown, Winchester defeated at (1813),
vn 339
Frend, William, Unitarian, vni 764, 766
Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward, xii 35 sq.;
465; in South Africa, 636; 638
John Hookham, and The Quarterly
Review, ix 687; x 700
Frfere-Orban, Walter, Belgian Minister, xi
672; XII 251
Fr^ron, Louis Stanislas, vm 247, 349, 352,
368 sq.; UOrateur du Peuple, 374; 378
Freslon, Alexandre, French statesman, xi
115
Fresnel, Augustin-Jean, and the theory of
light, xn 782
Fresnes, de, French diplomatist, ni 684
Fresze, Hermann, Lutheran preacher in
Norway, n 618
Frew, Prince Charles at, vi 112
Freycinet, Charles-Louis de Saulces de,
French statesman, xi 602; 606; 608;
xn 40; 101; premier, 117; 119; 437
Freyre de Andrade, Gomes, Portuguese
general, in Brazil, v 678
Manoel, Spanish general, at San
Marcial, ix 480; at Toulouse, 482
Freytag, Gustav, German writer, xi 414
sqq. ; Pictures from the Past, xn 849
Comte F.-X.-J., French general, vm
431
Friant, Comte Louis, French general, at
Austerlitz, ix 260-1; captures Semenov-
skoie at the battle of Borodino, 495
Friar Bungay and Friar Bacon, Greene's,
ra 375
Frias, Inigo Fernandez de Velasco, 2nd
Duke of, 3rd Count of Haro, hereditary
Constable of Castile (1520), i 374 sq.
Juan F. de Velasco, 5th Duke of,
ambassador to England (1604), ra 536;
667
Fribourg. See Freiburg
Frig, Josef, Memoirs of, xi 656
Frid, Valentine (Paceus), i 614
Fridag, Baron, Imperial ambassador to
Brandenburg, v 663
Fridericia, captured by the Prussians, xi
167; 224, 695
Friedberg, " Corresponding " Estates at,
ra 718
Friedjung, Heinrich, historian, xn 829
Friedlander, Ludwig, historian, xii 849
Friedland (Bohemia), Count Schlick seized
at castle of, iv 71 ; acquired by Wallen-
stein, 73; Wallenstein Duke of, 93
(Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Swedish troops
in, VI 280
Duke of. See Wallenstein
Friedland-on-the-Alle, battle of (1807), ix
290, 297
Friedlingen, Lewis of Baden at, v 406
Friedrich, Johann, History of the Vatican
Council, XII 848
Friedrichsfelde, King Frederick Augustus I
of Saxony at, ix 582
Friedrichsruhe, Bismarck's retirement at,
XII 167
Friedrichstadt, capture of, xi 225
Friedwald, Treaty of (1552), n 271
"Friends of Light," Prussian Church
party, xi 61 sq.
"Friends of the People," English Society
(1792), VI 477; vm 760
Fries, Jacob Friedrich, German philosopher,
x365
Friesland, Dukes of Burgundy and, i
421 ; subjection of, 453 ; annexed to the
Netherlands (1523), n 102; Henry Casi-
mir and, iv 695, 701; and the Eternal
Edict, y 155 sq.; 165 ; socialism in, xn 248
368
General Index,
Friesland, John William, Hereditary Stad-
holder of. See Orange, John William
Friso, Prince of
William Frederick, Hereditary Stad-
holder of. See Nassau-Dietz
West, known as the North Quarter,
m 621-2; discontent in, 634
East. See East Friesland
Friis, Jorgen. See Viborg, Bishops of
Fririon, General, ix 30
Frisch, Austrian diplomatist, vi 346
Frisia, East. See East Friesland
Friuli, Venice acquires (1420), i 278
Froben, John, printer at Basel, ii 308,
355
Frobisher, Sir Martin, m 301; 309; 313;
319
Frochot, Comte Nicolas-Th^r^se-Benolt,
Prefect of the Seine, ix 126; 144
Frobel, Julius, at Vienna, xi 188 sq.
Froding, Gustav, Swedish writer, xii 280
Frohschammer, Jakob, philosopher, xi 712
Frohsdorf, Comte de Paris at, xii 108;
109
Froissart, Jean, i 433; xii 830
Fromentin, Eugene, painter and writer,
XI 525; 528
Fronde, The, causes of, iv 603-4; Declara-
tion of Saint-Germain and, 607 ; 608 sqq.;
Mazarin and the old, 612 sqq.; 617 sq. ;
results of, 621 sq. ; v 1; 21; 76; 83;
VI 130
Fronsac, Armand de Maill^-Br6z6, Duke
of, IV 592
Fronteira, Marquis de, Portuguese general,
V 426
Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, vn
81, 85; work of, in Canada, 89; death
of, 90; 97
Froschauer, printer of Zurich, ii 308, 312
sq., 316, 333
Frosinone, success of the French at, ii 54
Frossard, Charles-Auguste, French general,
XI 583; 585; at Spicheren, 586 sq.; 590
sqq.; at Gravelotte, 593 sq.
Frost, John, Chartist leader, x 683 sq,
Frott6, Comte Louis de, ix 2; 14
Froude, James Anthony, xi 363 sq. ; in
South Africa, xii 636; 839 sq.
Eichard Hurrell, xi 349
Froulay, Bailli de, French diplomatist, vi
343
Fruin, Robert, Dutch historian, xii 249;
842
Frundsberg, Georg von, German condottiere,
II 50, 54, 55, 190, 197
Fry, Elizabeth, visit of, to Newgate, ix
693; visits Denmark, xi 694
Fu»d Pasha, Mehemed, Turkish Foreign
Minister, xi 313; 636 sq.; xn 381
Fuchs, Leonhard, botanist, v 734
Paul von, Brandenburg statesman,
V 655; 663; vi 8
Filhrich, Joseph, German painter, x 161
Fiilek, acquired by Soljnnan II, m 124
Funen (Fyen), iv 561 ; 571 ; Charles X and,
684 ; conquered by the Swedes, 585 ; 589 ;
Swedes expelled from, v 147; serfdom
in, VI 736; Spanish troops in, ix 236
Fuenterrabia, captured by the French (1521),
n 44, 418; recovered by Spain (1524), 44,
46, 423; French defeat at (1638), iv 147,
149; 542, 645; marriage of Louis XIV
at, 620; Franco- Spanish marriages at,
630; captured by the French (1719), vi
34, (1794), viii 440
Fuentes (de Castilla), Pedro Henriquez de
Toledo y de Acevedo, Count of, Spanish
general in Lombardy (1599), in 418 sqq.;
in Netherlands (1593), 519, 522 ; Governor
of Milan (1600-10), 398, iv 41 sqq.;
Venice and, 670
d'Onoro, Wellington's army on the
heights of, ix 466, 468
Fiirst, Baron Karl Joseph Maximilian von,
Prussian High Chancellor of Justice, vi
715; 728
Flirstenberg, Heinrich von. Count, Minister
of Maximilian I, i 323
Wilhelm von, Cardinal, and the
archbishopric of Cologne, v 54 sqq.
Wilhelm von, Count, ii 78
FUrstenbund, of 1785, signed by fifteen
German governments, vi 647; 708;
formation of, viii 281 sqq., 313, 324, 529
Fiirth (on the Cham), Wallenstein at, ly
237
(Franconia), Gustavus Adolphus and
Wallenstein at, iv 216 sqq.; Austrian
allies at, vi 263
Fiissen, Treaty of, vi 242
Fugger, Anton, ii 258
Count Francis, iv 393
Jacob, II 153
the brothers, of Augsburg, finan-
ciers, I 358, 506, 518, 667; ii 40, 63,
127, 153, 265
Fukubari, Ghoshiu councillor, xi 851 ; exe-
cution of, 852; 855
Fulchi, marshes of, v 604
Fulda, Jesuit seminary at, in 178; Catholic
reaction at, 180; bishopric of, granted
to the Prince of Orange (1802), ix 78,
90; French occupation of, 408, 414;
part of, acquired by Prussia (1815), 657;
Prussian troops in, xi 229 sq.
Fulgencio, Fray, Spanish monk, xi 557
Fuller, Nicholas, in 563 sq.
William, iv 320
Chief Justice (U.S.), and the Vene-
zuelan Arbitration Commission, xii 721
Fulta, fugitives at, vi 552
Fulton, Robert, American engineer, vn 351
Fulvio, Andrea, the Antiquitates Urbis
Romae, i 549
Funck, Johann, confessor of Duke Albert
of Prussia, in 153
Furnes, the Barrier Treaties and, v 457,
459; ceded to France, vi 339
Furrah, Sir Henry Pottinger at, xn 800
Gene7'al Lidex,
359
Furrer, Jonas, Swiss President, xi 254
Fusan, Bussia and, xn 507; 556; 581
Fuseli, Jean-Henri, art critic, viii 765
Fushimi, Choshiu warriors at, xi 851
Fusinato, Arnaldo, Italian writer, xi 545
Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis, French
historian, xi 525
Fyen. See Fiinen
Fyllebro, Swedish success at (1676), v
669
Fyzabad, British troops at, vi 579
Gabbard, The, Anglo-Dutch naval action off,
IV 436, 475, 478, 480 sq.
Gabel, Christopher, Danish statesman, v
561
Gabelle, French royal impost, from time
of Philip of Valois, i 405 sq.; iv 153;
conditions for non-payment of, 621 ; viii
70, 91, 692 sq., 696
Gabet, Joseph, in Tibet, xii 797 sq.
Gaboldino, Antonio, Modenese Reformer,
n 386 sq.
Gabriel, Don, Infant of Spain, vi 381 sq.
Gachard, Louis Prosper, Belgian historian,
XII 842
Gacko, Montenegro and, xii 392
Gadd, Hemming. See Linkoeping, Bishops
of
Gadebusch, Swedish victory at (1712), v
682, 608
Gadsden, James, American Minister to
Mexico, VII 426
Gahler, Peter Elias, Danish general, vi 745
Gaertner, Privy-Councillor von, at the
Congress of Vienna, ix 688
Gdrtnerbriider, Protestant sect of Strass-
burg, n 223
Gaeta, captured by Charles VIII (1495),
I 114; recaptured (1496), 118; recovered
under Louis XII (1502), 125; finally lost
by France (1503), 127 ; vi 153 ; surrenders
to Ney, VIII 652; siege of (1806), ix 267,
404 ; surrenders, 270 ; Pius IX and Leo-
pold II at, XI 91 sqq., 121; conference at,
121, 379 ; fall of, 390
Gagarin, Prince, Governor of Siberia, v 535
Paul, Prince, xi 614
Gage, Thomas, Governor of Massachusetts,
VII 159 sq., 163, 165 sq., 168
Gagern, Friedrich Balduin, Baron von, x
376
Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von,
VIII 774 ; and Congress of Vienna, ix
580 sqq.; 610, 646 sq., 652
Heinrich von, xi 60 ; 62 ; Hesse-
Darmstadt Minister, 144 sq. ; 160 ; 162 ;
President of Nationalversammlung , 164 ;
169; 195; succeeds Schmerling, 196;
198; 221
Maximilian von, xi 144 ; 160 ; 162 ;
165
Gages, Jean Bonaventure Dumont, Count,
Spanish general, VI 160; 165; 362; 696;
608
Gainsborough, Manchester at, rv 315 ; flight
of Nonconformists from, vii 12
Gaismayr, Michael, leader in Peasants'
War, II 190 sq.
Galabat, stormed by King John, xn 444
Galaghan, Colonel, Russian officer, v 601
Galata, surrendered to Turks (1453), i 68
Galatea, Antonio, i 624
Galateo, Girolamo, Venetian Reformer, ii
381; the Confession, 382
Galatz, massacres at, x 178
Galdos, Benito Perez, Spanish writer, xn
268
Galen, B. von. See Miinster, Bishop of
Claudius (ancient physician), v 723
sqq.; 737
Galeotti, Leopold©, Italian writer, xi 65
Galgengrund, Russians at the, vi 284 sq.
Galiani, Fernando, Abbe, Italian political
economist, viii 25
Galiano, Alcala, x 210; and the Spanish
revolution, 214 sqq.; and La Fontana de
Oro, 218; negotiates with King Ferdi-
nand, 222; 228; 231
Galicia (Austria), Joseph II visits, vi 626;
648; 669; 703; Frederick the Great
and, 707 ; proposed cession of, to Poland
(1790), vm 293, 330 sq. ; 312 ; ceded to
Austria (1775), 623; boundaries of, en-
larged (1795), 549; Russian troops in,
646 sq. ; extent of, ix 283 ; Austrian army
concentrated in, 354 ; Russian designs on,
691 ; Austria retains eastern, 655 ; the
Germanic Confederation and, x 343 ;
under Austrian rule, 461 sq.; revolt in,
XI 46 sq. ; 152 ; the revolutionary move-
ment in, 156 ; national aspirations in,
171 sq. ; rising in, 174 ; 175 ; 178 ; and
Hungary, 202; 204; 216; bishopric in,
266 ; 898 ; 402 ; massacre in, 658 ; xn
186; Minister for, 189; 195; Count
Badeni's administration in, 200 ; 201 ;
autonomy of, 337 ; 338 sq.
(Spain), Spanish army of, ix 435,
438; delivered from the French (1809),
453 ; Del Parque's army falls back on,
455; revolt in (1820), x 216; MoriUo
capitulates in (1823), 228 ; Portuguese
retreat into (1828), 322 ; rising in, xi 654
Galigai, Leonora. See Concini
Galilei, Galileo, n 707; m 394; iv 677
scientific discoveries of, 777 ; condemna
tionof, 779; 781; 793; vll8; 708; 712
the astronomical work of, 713 sq.; 715
718 ; 723 ; at Padua, 726 ; vi 792 ; monu-
ment erected to, at Pisa, x 129 ; xn 768
Galitzin {or Galitsin) family, persecution
of, VI 802
Prince Alexander, Russian general
under Catharine II, vi 682; 697
Prince Alexander Nicolaievich (d.
1844), Russian Minister of Education
(1816), X 424; dismissed, 425; 431;
437 ; and the succession to the throne,
440
360
General Index,
Galitzin, Prince Alexis, Bussian ambassador
to England, vi 323; 328
Dmitri Michailovich (d. 1738),
Prince, v 553 sq.; 556
Prince Dmitri Alexeivich, Russian
ambassador (d. 1803), vi 697
Dmitri Vladimirovich, Prince (d.
1844), Governor-General of Moscow, xi
270 sq.
Michael, Prince, Russian general, y
654
Prince Sergius, commands a Russian
army against Austria, ix 354
Vasili Vasilevich, Prince, v 518 ; 521
Prince, Russian secret agent at
Madrid (1817), man of letters, x 212 sq.
Gallars, Nicholas de, at the Colloquy of
Poissy, II 302, 592
Gallas, Count Johann Wenzel von, Im-
perial envoy in London, v 432 sq.
Count Matthias, Austrian general,
Mantua taken by, iv 115 ; with Wallen-
stein, 219, 223; succeeds Hoik, 231;
234; at Leitmeritz, 237; 239 sqq.; at
Nordlingen, 244 sq. ; 248 ; 250 ; 367 sq. ;
371 sqq.; driven into Silesia and Bohemia,
378 ; in Saxony, 387 ; resigns command,
388 ; 389 ; death of, 392 ; 571
Gallatin, Albert, American statesman, vii
690
Galle, Johann Gottfried, German astro-
nomer, XII 768
Peter, Swedish divine, n 624 sq.
Galletti, Giuseppe, Italian politician, xi 81
Gallicanism, and Pragmatic Sanction of
Bourges (1438), i 385 sqq.; and Concordat
of 1516, 388 sq.; 662 sq.; old and new,
II 95 ; and Concordat of Francis I, iii
659; v 74 sqq., 85 sq. ; see Vol. vi,
Chap. XVI passim, 586 sqq.; Hontheim
and, X 157 sq. ; reaction against, 159 sqq. ;
and Jules Ferry, xii 116. See also Con-
cordats, Pragmatic Sanction
Gallieni, Joseph-Simon, in Senegal, xii 129
Gallipoli, Turkish arsenal destroyed at, i
80 ; scarcity of food at, xii 238
Gallo, Marzio Mastrilli, Marchese di, Aus-
trian envoy, viii 582 ; Minister at Naples,
650
Niccol6, Italian Reformer, ii 393
Galloway, Joseph, American loyalist, vii
162; legal arguments of. Chap, vi passirn
Galmoy, Pierce Butler, 3rd Viscount, v 309
Gait, Sir Alexander Tilloch, Canadian
Finance Minister, xi 763; 770; 775
Galton, Sir Francis, and heredity, xii 778
Galuzzi, Riguccio, Tuscan historian, vi 150
Galvez, Don Bernardo, Governor of
Louisiana, vi 377 ; 453
Galway, plantations and, iv 520; capitulates
to Coote, 535; v 316 sqq.; Articles of, 321,
323; Queen's College, xii 71
Henri de Massue de Ruvigny, Earl
of (Marquis de Ruvigny), v 23 sq.; 321;
323; in Spain, 416, 419, 426
Gama, Vasco da, i 12 ; discovery of Cape
route by, 24-6; 29, 30, 34, 285; ix 304
Gambetta, L6on, French statesman, xi 485 ;
defends Delescluze, 488; 489; 491; op-
poses declaration of war, 495 ; and Franco-
German War, 497 sqq., 600, 602 sqq.; xn
14; 40; 101; 103; and National Assembly,
105; Thiers and, 106; 109; 111; and
clericalism, 113 ; 114 sq. ; 121 ; 239 ; and
Egyptian affairs, 436; death of, 112
Gambia, Great Britain and, xn 658
river, discovery of, i 15; settle-
ments on, V 691 sq. ; vi 464; trade of,
xii 660 ; exploration on, 805 sq.
Gambier, James, 1st Baron, English ad-
miral, character of, ix 217; attacks
Denmark, 236; attacks Brest, 238
Gamble, H. R., Governor of Missouri, vii
458
Gambron (Bender Abbas), Dutch trading
post at, IV 712
Gaminde, General, commander in Cata-
lonia, XII 260
Gamonal, combat of (1808), ix 443
Gandamak, Treaty of, xn 470 sq.
Gandia, Giovanni Borgia, Duke of, i 179,
233 sq., 620
Gando, Sultan of, xn 659
Gangadhar Shastri, xi 725
Ganges river, the Dutch on, vi 556;
drowning of children in, xi 730
canal, completion of, xi 744
Ganneron, Auguste-Hippolyte, French
financier, x 495
Gansfort. See Wessel, John
Ganteaume, Count Honor^-J.-A. , vice-
admiral, VIII 615 sq. ; ix 53 ; in command
of Toulon squadron, 212-3 ; advice of, to
Napoleon, 214; in command of Brest
squadron, 216; ordered to West Indies,
222 ; blockaded in Brest, 223 ; ordered to
leave Brest, 228; sent to Corfu, 237;
replaced by Allemand, 239
Gap6n, George, Russian priest, xii 331 ;
349 sq.
Garat, Dominique, French politician, viii
746
Dominique Joseph (brother of above),
French Minister of Justice, viii 250;
Minister of Interior, 263, 273 sq., 348,
679; IX 132
Garay, Don Martin de, Spanish statesman,
X 142 ; appointed Secretary of Treasury,
209; 212; 219
Garcia, Carrasco Francisco, Governor of
Santiago, x 287
Juan, Spanish Reformer, ii 408
Fray de, Regius Professor of Divinity,
Oxford, n 541
Garci-Arias, Prior of San Isidro, Spanish
Reformer, n 406
Garda, Lake, Marshal Catinat at, v 402;
Chasteler advances to, ix 355
Gardanne, Antoine, French general, viii
686; IX 14
General Index,
361
Gardes frangaises, viii 162 sqq., 166,
403
nationales, organised by Lafayette,
VIII 166 sqq.; 183 sqq., 191; in 1791,
207; Lafayette resigns command of, 220;
223; reorganised, 232 sq., 236, 243;
numbers of in France, 403; condition
of (1799), 665; under First Empire, ix
115
suisses, vin 162, 235 sq. ; massacre
of, 237, 437
Gardiner, Christopher, adventurer, vn 16
James, colonel of dragoons, vi 112 ;
114
Luke, and Protection in Ireland, vi
502 sq.
Samuel Eawson, historian, xn 840
Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, and
pronunciation of Greek, i 581; n 430,
475 ; resists visitation of 1547, 481 ;
attacks Cranmer's Homilies, ib.; 485;
imprisonment of, 486; Northumberland
and, 497; 501, 517; made Chancellor
by Mary, 520 ; policy and work of, 521-
35; death of, 542; iii 750
William, the Portuguese Index and
the works of, ii 414
Gardner, Alan, 1st Baron, admiral, viii
477; in command of blockade of Brest,
IX 224
naval captain, in Ceylon, ix 733
Garfield, James Abram, President of the
United States, vit 649, 652 sq.
Gargantua, Babelais', ii 287
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, in Kome, xi 94 ; 125 ;
expedition of, to Sicily and Naples, 332;
in London, 351 ; and the unity of Italy,
375; 382; in Sicily, 388; 389; and
Cavour, 390, 392; meets King Victor
Emmanuel, 390 ; 391 ; 462 ; 469 ; invades
States of the Church, 485 ; Eicasoli and,
531; 532; relations of, with Eattazzi,
533 ; wounded at Aspromonte, 534 ; 535 ;
and King Victor Emmanuel, 537 sq. ; 539 ;
and War with Austria, 540 sq. ; marches
against Kome, 542; at Mentana, 543;
645; in France (1870), 604, 606, 608
sq.; 705; xii 216; 681
Menotti, xn 240
Garielevna, Countess Anna, vi 315
Garigliano river, French defeat on (1503),
I 127, 196; fight at (1860), xi 390
Garin, Russian senator, xii 376
Garland, Augustine, rv 443
Garlike, British Minister at Copenhagen,
IX 296 ; despatch of, to Canning, 297
Gamett, Father Henry, Provincial of
Jesuits in England, and Gunpowder Plot,
in 555
Robert Selden, Confederate general,
vn 457
Garnier, Francois, French explorer, xn
131 ; 524 sq. ; ,796
Garnier-Pag^s, Etienne-J.-L., x485; 491;
609
Garnier-Pag^s, Louis-Antoine, xi 26; and
the Revolution (1848), 100 sqq. ; 108 ;
118; 477
Garrard, Thomas, executed, n 451
Garrick, David, and Whitefield, vi 84
Garrison, William Lloyd, publisher of The
Liberator, vn 387, 423
Garth, Sir Samuel, poet, v 70
Garz, taken by Swedes, iv 196
Garzoni, Giovanni, Italian jurisconsult, i
151
Gascoigne, George, ni 367 sq., 371
Gascony, Landes of, rising in, v 9
Gaselee, Sir Alfred, general, relieves Peking
legations, xn 520
Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, novelist, xi
359 sq.
Gasparin, Comte Adrien-Etienne-Pierre de,
French Minister of Interior, x 497
Thomas-Augustin de, member of
Comite de Salut Public, vm 343
Gasparino da Barzizza, Italian Latinist,
I 544, 556, 562
Gasquet, Abbot Francis Aidan, xn 848
Gassendi, Pierre, n 691; iv 779; philo-
sophy of, 792 sqq. ; 798 sq.
Gassion, Comte Jean de. Marshal of
France, at Rocroi, iv 594; killed at
Lens, 598
Gastein, Convention of, xi 445 sq., 448,
450, 479; Bismarck meets Andr&ssy at,
xn 144
Gaston, Vendean leader, vin 266
Gatacre, Sir William Forbes, General, at
Stormberg, xn 642
Gatchina, Tsar at, ix 34, 35, 483
Gates, Horatio, American general, vn 211,
215, 225
Sir John, executed, n 520
Sir Thomas, Governor of Virginia,
vn 5 sq.
Gattamelata, Stefano Giovanni, condoU
tiere, i 280
Gatterer, Johann Christoph, German his-
torian, xn 817
Gattilusio, Nicold, Lord of Lesbos (d. 1462),
I 76
Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio de. Minister
of Charles V, i 371; n 52, 148, 210,
401
Gaudin, Martin-Michel-Charles, Due de
Gaete, Minister of Finance, vm 682,
706, 708; ix 1-2; 10, 25-6; obtains
duchy of Gaeta, 111 ; Napoleon writes to
(Oct. 13, 1807), 368 ; introduces French
fiscal system into Piedmont, 397; liqui-
dation of public debt by, 398; Minister
of Finance, 616
Gaultier, Abb6, in London, v 480
Gaunt, John of, m 358
Gautier, Th^ophile, x 101; xi 509 sqq.
Gautsch, Baron Paul, Austrian statesman,
XII 202 sq. ; 206 ; 208
Gavre, defeat of Ghent by Philip the Good
at (1453), I 426 sq.
362
General Index.
Gavril Pasha. See Krstyovich, Gavril
Gawilgarh, capture of (1803), rx 726
Gawler, George, Governor of South Austra-
lia, XI 792
Gay, John, poet, v 70; x 715
Gayer, Sir John, Governor of Bombay,
V 700
Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis, scientist, xii
769
Gaza, occupied by Ibrahim Pasha, x 649
Theodorus, Greek professor at Fer-
rara, i 642, 646
Gazette de France, La, in Kichelieu's time,
IV 155; after Oct. 1811, ix 130; at war
with the Cabinet, x 94; xi 292
Gebora, battle of the (1811), ix 462
Gedimin, Lithuanian chief, v 480
Gee, Joshua, political economist, vi 50
Geer, Baron Louis de, Swedish statesman,
XI 689 sq.; xn 277
Louis de, munition of, iv 569 ; 571 ;
Swedish trade and, 725 sq.
Geertruidenburg, siege of (1593), iii 627
Gefle, Riksdag at, vi 784
Geibel, Emanuel, German poet, xi 413 sq.;
420; 701
Geijer, Eric Gustav, Swedish historian,
XI 686 sq.; xii 842
Geiler. See Kaisersberg
Geishiu, daimid of, xi 846, 866 sq., 861
Geislingen, Pass of, v 409
Geissberger, Franz, Abbot of St Gall, ii
331
Geistliche Fama, journal of Pietists, v 761
Geitzkofler, Zacharias, Imperial Controller-
General, IV 5
Gelderland. See Gelders
Gelders, acquired by Charles the Bold
(1473), I 390; factions in, 423; English
expedition against (1511), 479; duchy
of, falls to Duke of Cleves (1538), ii 75,
236 ; reduced and annexed by Charles V
(1548), 77, 102, 242, 244; anti-Spanish
plans for, iii 16 ; position of, 618 ;
invaded by Maurice, 673 ; invaded by
French (1672), v 43, 157; 148; and the
Eternal Edict, 155; Prussian garrison
in, 435 ; Peace of Utrecht and, 447 sqq. ;
458 sq.; 658; vi 27; 300; Austria and,
631; Brunswick invades, viii 287; re-
bellion in, 322
Adolf, Duke of, i 424, 441
Arnold, Duke of, i 424
• Charles of Egmont, Duke of, 1 131,
307, 424, 441, 450 sq., 453, 456 sq., 475;
invades the Netherlands, ii 43; 51, 60,
72; death of (1538), 75, 102, 236
Eainald IV, Duke of (d. 1423), i
424
William IX, Duke of (1402), i 423
sq.
William de la Marck, Duke of. See
Jiilich-Cleves-Berg, William V
Gelenius, Sigismund, editor of Philo, i
613, 616 sq.
Gellert, Christian Fiirchtegott, v 68
Gellivare, ore fields of, xn 279
Gelnhausen, meeting of Electors and other
Princes at, i 311, 313; Arnim and Oxen-
stierna at, iv 235
Gelt, battle of the (1569), in 282
Gemaurhof, Swedish victory at (1705), v
694
Gemblours, battle of (1578), ni 249-50
Gembloux, French troops at, ix 630
Genazzano, Frk Mariano da. See Mariano
Gendebien, Alexandre- J. -C. de, x 480; 532;
635 sqq.
Jean-Franpois, x 623
Genebrard, Albert. See Aix, Archbishop of
General Assembly, the Scottish, meeting of
1690, V 293 sq.
Genest, Edmond Charles, Minister from
Kepublic of France to United States,
vn 317, 320
G^nestet, Petrus Augustus de, Dutch poet,
XI 676
Geneva, attack on, by Duke Charles III
of Savoy (1630), ii 70, 330; political
constitution of, under Bishop, 358 sq.;
relations between Bishop of, and Savoy,
361 sq. ; the Reformation in, 362 sq.;
connexion of Calvin with, 358, 363,
368; government of, under Calvin, 366
sqq. ; 370-5 ; Calvin's College and
Academy at, 372 sq. ; heresy in, iii 400
sqq.; Savoy's attempts on, 408, 413, 420
sq., 437, 482, 683; included in Treaty
of Vervins, 674 ; Evangelical Church in,
743 ; and Savoy, iv 673 ; Chouet Professor
at, 791; Milton at, v 118; the bank of,
266 sqq.; 270; Labadie at, 756; vi 617;
party conflicts in, 625; annexation of,
by France, proposed (1792), viii 437;
accomplished (1798), 597, 640; revolt
in (1782), 781; ix 59; excluded from
Swiss Federation (1803), 104; Huguenot
seminary at, 204 ; Swiss manufacture of
clocks and watches in, 425; remains
intellectual centre of French Switzerland,
427 ; cessions to canton of, 660 ; xi 234 ;
236 ; 243 ; radical rising in, 248 ; and
cession of Savoy, 256 ; proposed episcopal
see of, 258 ; 259 ; republican congress at,
485 sq., 668; 630; Alabama arbitration
at, xn 22, 717, 720 sq.; Eussian re-
volutionaries at, 303
Joannes Franciscus of Savoy (the
Bastard of Savoy), Bishop of, ii 361
Pierre de la Baume, Bishop of, n 361
Genga, Annibale della. See Leo XII
Genghis Khan, conquests of, in Central
Asia, I 8, VI 508
Genlis, Jean de Hangest, Seigneur de, in
17 sq., 232
Gennadios, George Scholarios, Patriarch of
Constantinople, i 103
Genoa, the Ottomans and, i 68 ; factions in,
129; captured by the French (1607), 130;
rivalry of, with Venice, 257 ; at war with
General Index,
363
Venio«, 258-9; Peace of (1392), 265;
arms made at, 496; stormed by Im-
perialists (1522), II 45; new Bepublio
established in (1528), 59; Fiesco Con-
spiracy at, 81 sq. ; claimed by Francis I,
III 110; trade of, 392; Savoy and,
400, 407, 411, 413; Spain and, 476;
Eevolt of, 497; Dutch trade with, 631;
Habsburg influence over, 689; and the
Emperor, iv 31 ; French victory off (1638),
147 ; Spain and, 687 ; Spanish protector-
ate over, V 50 ; John Law in, vi 169 ; 243 ;
taken by Austrians, 245; and Corsica,
350, 609 ; siege of, 362 ; and the Jesuits,
593 ; 606 ; affairs in, 607 sq. ; Napoleon's
secret mission to, viii 561 ; French con-
trol of, 587 sq., 663; government of
Eepublic of, 778; fighting near (1800),
IX 58 sqq. ; Eepublic of, 83 ; French an-
nexation of (1805), 141, 247, 249; incor-
poration of, in Sardinia (1814), 599;
retained by Sardinia, 660, 668, 670;
Piedmontese fugitives at, x 117; fete
at, XI 75; 78; 243; Garibaldi's expedi-
tion from, 332; revolt at, 366, 375;
373; democratic congress at, 532; labour
troubles at, xii 223; 225; 227
Genoa, Gulf of, Admiral Mathews in, vi
239
Ferdinand, Duke of, xi 91
Thomas, Duke of, xi 571
Genoude, Antoine-Eug^ne de, editor of
Gazette de France, x 486
Genovesi, Antonio, Neapolitan lawyer, vi
588; 590; 599; viii 777
Gensan, Eussia and, xii 507
Gen8onn6, Armand, Girondist leader, vm
214, 249, 251; at the King's trial, 258;
trial of, 357
Gentil, Emil, African explorer, xn 130;
812 sq.
Gentile, Valentino, Italian Eeformer, ii 393
Gentili, Alberico, De jure belli, xii 707 sqq.
Gentz, Friedrich von, viii 773 sq.; at
Congress of Vienna, ix 580 sqq.; and
the French frontier, 664; influence of,
671 ; on results of Congress of Vienna,
X 2; and de Maistre's Du Pape, 7; 13;
150; 357; 365
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, ix 133
Geography, the science of. Vol. i. Chap, i.
The Age of Discovery, passim, 7-36;
Chap, n. The New World, passim, 37-66.
See also Exploration
George, Lake, French and English at, vn
125, 127; Montcalm at, 129 sq.
I, King of Great Britain (Elector of
Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Liine-
burg), v 359; 403; commander of Im-
perial army, 418; 420; 425; 438; 450;
and Whig leaders, 474; accession of, as
George I, 476; and Sweden, 550; and
the "Hanoverian Alliance," 550; and
Bussia, 543, 551, 555 ; and Great
Northern War, 580 ; and Frederick IV of
Sweden, 582 sq. ; and Peter the Great,
609, 613; forms third anti-Swedish
league, 610 sq. ; and the Hanoverian
Succession, Vol. vi. Chap, i ; character
of, 41 sq.; Walpole and, 42; 43; 57; and
the Earl of Mar, 97; and Spain, 123;
and Gibraltar, 126, 147; and Dubois,
131; 141; 143; and Poland, 193; and
Prussia, 209; 213; 445
George II, King of Great Britain (George
Augustus, Electoral Prince of Hanover),
V 469 ; created Duke of Cambridge, 474 ;
655; VI 2 sqq. ; 10; 12 sqq.; 19; 39 sq.;
character of, 41 sq. ; Walpole and, 42,
395 ; the Civil List of, 45 ; 55 ; 61 ; and
Pitt, 73 sq.; 106; at Dettingen, 109;
143; 147; and Don Carlos, 151; 179;
and Prussia, 209; and War of the
Austrian Succession, 232; 235; 237;
and election of Francis I, 242; 243; and
France, 249; 251 sq.; 260; and Con-
vention of Klosterzeven, 266; 272; and
Hanover, 334, 405; 340; and Prussian
Alliance, 399; and Pitt's accession to
office, 403 ; and Irish affairs, 488 sq. ;
death of, 416
Ill, King of Great Britain, v 462;
VI 117; and Pitt, 346, 419 sq,; accession
of, 416; views of, 417; character of, 423;
425; and Bute, 427; 428; sends for Pitt,
430; and Wilkes, 430 sq., 441 sq. ; and
Eegency Act, 434; 435 sq. ; 443; 445;
and American Colonies, 449, 462 sq. ;
and Eockingham Ministry, 457 sqq.;
463 ; and India Bill, 467, 581 ; dismisses
Fox and North, 467 ; supports Pitt,
469; and Prince of Wales, 472; ill-
ness and recovery of, 473 sqq.; and the
army and navy, 476; and Ireland, 497,
500 ; insanity of, 605 ; and Frederick the
Great, 702; and the Filrstenbund, 708 sq.;
743; and Queen Matilda, 750 sq. ; 819;
VII 307, 330; as Elector of Brunswick-
Liineburg, joins Fiirstenbund, viii 283;
285, 291, 296 sqq., 305; ix 43; 56,
102; Napoleon's overtures to, 221; 244,
245, 262; health of, 264; 266, 297, 309,
321, 367, 673; and Catholic Emancipa-
tion, 678 sq.; insanity of, 689; x 382;
English Catholics and, 625 ; death of, 582
IV, King of Great Britain (Prince
of Wales), Prince Eegent, vi 117; and
India Bill (1783), 467; 471; marriage
of, 472; and Eegency Bill, 473 sq. ;
475 ; Irish Parliament and, 505 ; rela-
tions of, with Count Miinster, ix 587;
supports royal proclamation, 673; mar-
riage of, 675; 687; and Eegency, 690;
Napoleon's letters to, 756 ; 760 ; and
the Holy Alliance, x 10; 32; and
Hanover, 374; attack upon (1817), 577;
the divorce bill of, 583; visits Ireland,
637; and Catholic emancipation, 645,
650, 652; death of, 593; and Sweden,
XI 683
364
General Index,
George I, King of Greece, xi 634; election
of, 641; 642; xn 420 sqq.
Prince of Denmark, v 230; 247;
460; death of, 428, vi 12
Prince of Georgia, son of Heraclius,
annexati'on of territories of, ix 48
Prince, of Greece, xii 420; High
Commissioner in Crete, 423
Prince Eegent. See George IV
Petrovich (Kara George). Bee Kara
of Trebizond. See Trapezuntius
George, David Lloyd, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, xii 62
Henry, and socialism, xii 759
Georgia (Europe), Eussia and, v 545, vi
648, 672, 676 ; Kussia and Turkey in, viii
316; Sultan acknowledges suzerainty of
Kussia over, ix 385 ; annexed by Eussia,
X 413; General Alikhanoff in, xii 363
■ (America), vi 51; foundation of, 54
sq.; 66; the Wesleys in, 82; 83; 149;
settlement of, vii 61 sqq.; 105; 149;
representation of, in Congress, 160, 164,
166; invaded (1778), 218 sq.; Constitu-
tion of, 237; and Constitutional Con-
vention, 246, 252, 258, 263, 268, 277,
281, 283; representation of, 306; cessions
in, 308 ; and the Tariff, 377, 380 ; slavery
in, 386 sq., 587; secedes from Union
(1860), 446; joins Confederacy, 452, 603;
in Civil War, 471, 513, 522 sq.; and
Sherman's march, 533 sq. ; emancipa-
tion in, 595 ; opposition to Confederate
policy in, 608 sq.; blockade-running in,
620; reconstruction in, 633; becomes
Democratic (1871), 642
Georgia^ "commerce-destroyer," vii 565 sq.
Georgian bay, proposed canal to, xu 608
Georgians, The (Caucasus), xn 342
Gerald, Joseph, political reformer, vm 770
Geialdino, Don. See Fitzgerald, Sir
Thomas
G(§rando, Joseph-Marie, Baron de, ix 24;
132 ; member of Extraordinary Junta for
Tuscany, 399
Gerard, Balthasar, alias Frangois Guyon,
III 258 sq. ,
Gerard, Comte Etienne-Maurice, Marshal
of France, and Belgian campaign, ix
625; 627; x 478; 494; 542
Gerbert. See Sylvester II, Pope
Gerbet, Olympe-Philippe, Bishop of Per-
pignan. See Perpignan
Gerhardt, Paul, hymns of, iv 425; v 648;
758
G(5ricault, J.-L.-T.-A., French painter, ix
135; X 103
Geringer, Baron Karl Gabriel von. Gover-
nor of Hungary, xi 216
Gerlach, Leopold von, Prussian general,
XI 51; 191; 396 sq.
Ludwig von, Prussian politician, xi
61 ; 160 ; 192 sq. ; 220 ; and Kreuzzeitung
party, 396 ; 397 ; xn 826
Germ, The, Pre-Eaphaelite organ, xi 357
Germain, George Sackville. See Sackville,
Viscount
Germaine de Foix, 2nd consort of Ferdi-
nand V (II), King of Spain, i 127 ; dowry
of, 363 ; 366, 377
German Order (of Knights), 1 293, 343, 345;
conversion of territory of, into duchy
of Prussia, ii 169; 599, 635; collapse
of, and restoration to Poland of lands of,
m 73; transfer of rights of, in Livonia,
by Kettler, v 493 sq. ; 621, 624 sq.; work
of, in Prussia, 630 sqq.; decline of, 632
sqq. ; 665 ; Grand Master of, and Im-
perial Eecess of 1803, ix 94
Germania, of Valencia (brotherhood of
trade-guilds), rebellion of, i 376 sq.
Germanic Confederation, The, ix 659 sq. ;
667; (1852-62), Vol. xi. Chap, xv (1);
459
Germanos, Archbishop of Patras. See
Patras
Germantown, Washington attacks, vii 213,
217
Germany
I ix Germany and the Empire, 288-
328
XV Economic Change, passim, 493-
531
xvi The Classical Kenaissance, especi-
ally 671-4
[See also xvii, xviii and xix, passim]
II ii and iii, Habsburg and Valois,
passim, 36-103
iv Luther, passim, 104-41
V National Opposition to Eome in
Germany, 142-73
vi Social Eevolution and Catholic
Eeaction in Germany, 174-205
vii Conflict of Creeds and Parties in
Germany, 206-45
viii Eeligious War in Germany, 246-
79
xix Tendencies of European Thought
in the Age of the Eeformation,
passim, 690-718
III v The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian II, passim,
140-81
xxi The Empire under Eudolf II,
passim, 696-735
IV i The Outbreak of the Thirty Years'
War, passim, 1-34
iii The Protestant Collapse (1620-30),
passim, 64-117
vi Gustavus Adolphus, passim, 190-
222
vii Wallenstein and Bernard of
Weimar (1632-5), passim, 223-
55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), 364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, 395-
433
XX The Scandinavian North (1559-
1660), passim, 560-91
General Index,
365
Germany {contd.)
V xiv (i) The War of the Spanish
Succession, (ii) The Peace of
Utrecht and the Supplementary
Pacifications, passim, 401-59
XI The Origin of the Kingdom of
Prussia, 61&-38
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian King, 639-72
xxiv Latitudinarianism and Pietism,
passim, 742-63
VI viii The War of the Austrian Suc-
cession, passim, 201-50
ix The Seven Years' War, passim,
251-300
xviii Joseph II, passim, 626-56
xxiv The Eomantic movement in
European literature, 822-37
viu XXV [The Aufkldrung in Germany],
772 sqq.
IX ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
xix The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
5), passim, 576-602
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (1815),
passim, 647-71
[See also Chaps, iv, xi, xiv, and
Prussia]
z xi The Germanio Federation (1815-
40), 340-82
xii Literature in Germany, 383-412
xxiii Economic Change, passim, 727-62
XI iii Libei'alism and Nationality in
Germany and Austria (1840-8),
43-64
vi The Revolution and the Reaction
in Germany and Austria, I
(1848-9), 142-201
vii The Revolution and the Reaction in
Germany and Austria, II 202-33
XV Austria, Prussia, and the Ger-
manic Confederation
(1) Reaction and Reorganisa-
tion (1852-62), 393-410
(2) German Literature (1840-
70), 411-20
xvi Bismarck and German Unity,
432-66
xxi The Franco-German War (1870-1),
576-612
XII vi The German Empire (1871-1910),
134-73
XX The European Colonies, passim,
602-71
xxiii Social movements, passim, 730-65
[See also the Empire and the
various German States, especi-
ally Prussia]
Germersheim, Mansfeld at, iv 80; 84;
Charles of Lorraine at, vi 240
Geroldseck, Diebold von, controversy be-
tween Zwingii and, n 321; death of,
at Kappel, 337
Gerona, taken by French (1694), v 61,
(1711), 428; fortress of, Duhesme attacks
(1808), IX 439; besieged by Saint-Cyr
(1809), 448, 454-5; fall of, ib., 457
Gerry, Elbridge, Massachusetts deputy at
Constitutional Convention (1787), vii
246, 274 sq., 280, 285, 289, 293 sq., 321
Gerson, Jean, ii 281
Gerst, Republican rising in, xi 137
Gerstenberg, Heinrich Wilhelm von, x 386
Gertruydenberg, peace negotiations at, v
427, 430, 452; captured by French
(1793), vm 419, (1795), 436
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, expelled from
Hanover, x 379 sq.; xi 62; 164; xn
826
Gesenius, F. H. Wilhelm, German Hebraist,
x382; xn846
Gesner, Conrad, bibliographer and natural-
ist, I 611, 615; 618; and botanical
studies, v 734, 736, 738
Jean, Swiss scholar and botanist, vi
625
Gessi, Egyptian officer, xn 439; 441
Gessner, Solomon, Swiss poet and man of
letters, vm 781
Gettysburg, battle of (1863), vn 488 sqq.,
616
Geulincx of Antwerp, at Louvain, rv 789
Gewitsch, Field-marshal Daun at, vi 277
sq.
Gex, Savoy recovers, in 405, 419; ex-
changed for Saluzzo, 677
Geyer, Florian, leader of Franconian
peasants, n 182, 188; death of, 190
Gezzar, kills Sultan's messengers at Acre,
IX 385; death of, 387
Ghadames, explorers in, xii 808
Ghazipur, opium factory at, xii 485
Ghazni, xi 731; captured, 732; 733; 735
Ghent, struggle between Philip the Good
and, I 427 ; gilds at, 428 ; rivalry between
Bruges, Ypres and, 428-9; Peace of
(1492), 450; Charles V and, 458; rebellion
of 1539 in, ii 74 sq., 98, 236; suppressed,
238; Charles V at (1540), iii 114 ; Pacifi-
cation of, 181, 246-7, 250-1; Chapter of
Golden Fleece assembled at (1559), 187;
Egmont and Hoorn imprisoned at, 215,
218; States of Flanders at, 244; Con-
gress at, 245 sq.; Spaniards expelled
from, 248, 250 sqq.; taken by Parma,
618; 630; restored to Spain (1679), v 45;
captured by French (1678), 164, 219,
420; captured by Marlborough (1706),
416 ; 421 sq. ; 457 sq. ; vi 243 ; seized by
Belgians, 652; Peace of (1814), vn
347, 349, IX 622; and the fisheries dis-
pute, vn 362 sqq.; Austrian defeat at
(1789), vin 329; Louis XVIII at, x 44;
industries at, 524, 533; 626; plots at,
539 ; 746 ; and the Liberal cause, xi 67i ;
socialism at, xn 252; 755
Maurice de Broglie, Bishop of, x
625 sq.
23
366
General Index.
Gheria, pirate stronghold, vi 631
Ghiberti, Lorenzo di Cino, Florentine
sculptor, I 548
Ghilzais, The, Afghan tribe, xi 733
Ghislieri, Michele. See Pius V, Pope
Marquis, Austrian ambassador, z
132
Ghulam Kadir, official at Delhi, ix 719
Ghyka, Prince Alexander, Hospodar of
Wallachia, xi 282
Prince Gregory, Hospodar of Mol-
davia, XI 284; 643
Giacinto, Corsican leader, vi 609
Giacometti, Paolo, Italian playwright, xi
548
Giacomini, Antonio, Florentine captain,
I 191, 197
Gialong, King of Annam, xn 523
Giammaria, Count of Verrucchio, n 18
Gianni, Tuscan minister, vi 602
Giannone, Pietro, Neapolitan historian,
VI 588 sq. ; 694
Gibbon, Edward, historian, vi 837; vin 18;
XI 363; xn 817; 845
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, physicist, xn 785
Giberti, Giammateo. See Verona, Bishops of
Gibraltar, Bay of, fleet under Santa Cruz
in, in 500; Spanish fleet attacked at
(1607), 539, 639; scheme for occupation
of, IV 484; capture of (1704), v 413; siege
of (1705), ih., 416; 444; Alberoni and,
VI 31 ; 35 ; 38 sq. ; 57 sq. ; siege of (1727),
59, 145, 342a (in Vol. xiii), 376, 379 sq. ;
452 ; Treaty of Seville and, 60 ; 63 ; 65 ;
British fleet at, 68 ; George I and, 126 ;
Spain and, 138 sqq. ; 147 sqq. ; 157;
Admiral Haddock at, 236; 239; 350;
365 ; 376 ; secret negotiations concerning,
377 sq.; 381; 464; Spanish blockade of
(1781), vn 231; 331; threatened (1779-83),
vm 92; Danish ships searched at, ix
45; Ganteaume passes Straits of, 53;
Saumarez withdraws to, 54 ; strategic im-
portance of, 210; Villeneuve near, 220;
Nelson near, 225; ships despatched to,
229 ; Nelson and, 230 ; a centre of English
commerce, 381; plot at, x 230; General
Prim lands at, xi 569
Gibson, Thomas Milner, and Conspiracy
Bill, XI 328
Gide, Charles, French socialist, xn 124
Gi6, Pierre de Rohan, Marshal de, French
general at Fornovo, i 117
Gielgud, Anton, Polish general, x 472
Gien, Court at, saved by Turenne, iv 616
Gierke, Otto, German historian, xn 850
Giers, Nicholas de, Russian Foreign
Minister, xn 313
Giesebrecht, Wilhelm von, German his-
torian, xn 827
Gieseler, Johann Carl Ludwig, German
historian, xn 846
Gifford, Gilbert, priest, ni 291
William, editor of Quarterly Review ^
1x687; x699
Gil, Juan (Egidio), Spanish reformer, n
404 sq.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, m 300 ; colonisation
projects of, vn 2, 52
Ralegh, expedition of, to New
England, vn 12
Sir Walter Raleigh, lieutenant-
general in India, xi 740 sqq.
William, physician to Queen Eliza-
beth, V 716
Gilbert Island, annexation of, xn 667
Gilds. See Craft-gilds
Giles, Ernest, Australian explorer, xn 618
Gilgit, British agency at, xn 487; 802
Gillot, Jacques, in 70
Gilmore, James Roberts, American author,
vn 578
Gilyan, Russia and, v 544 sq.
Gindely, Anton, on Ranke, xn 827
Ginetti, Cardinal, at Cologne, iv 396
Gingi, fortress of, vi 539
Ginguen^, Pierre-Louis, ix 132
Ginkel, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone.
See Athlone
Gioberti, Vincenzo, n 35 ; x 128 ; writings
of, 166 sq. ; 168 ; Primato, xi 65 sq. ;
Prolegomeni al Primato, 67 sq. ; 70 sq. ;
73; 76; 90; Ministry of, 93, 646 sq.;
and Pius IX, 705; 712
Giocondo, Fra, ii 12
Giori, Valtelline general, at Misox, iv 48
sqq.
Gioia, Melchiorre, Italian writer, x 128
Giolitti, Giovanni, Italian statesman, xn
218 sq. ; 223 ; Ministry of, 225 sqq.
Giordani, Pietro, Italian writer, x 128
Giordano, Italian brigand, xi 531
Giorgio, Domenico, Italian Lutheran, n
387
Giorgione (Giorgio Barbarelli), i 284
Giorgis, de, Italian general, in Macedonia,
xn 426
Giovenale, Latino, the Oratory of Divine
Love and, n 379
Giovio, Paolo (Paulus Jovius), i 545, 560,
568 ; n 15, 21 ; in 114, 394 ; v 512
Gipps, Sir George, Governor of New South
Wales, XI 795
Giraldi, Giovanbattista (Cinthio), ni 467 sq.,
472
Girard, Albert, mathematician, v 710
Gr^goire, Swiss Franciscan friar, xi
239
Baron Jean-Baptiste, French general,
IX 525-6
Philippe-Henri de, inventor of flax-
spinning-machine, IX 125, X 755
Girardin, Emile de, x 492; xi 127; 526;
xn 110
Giraud, Charles, French statesman, xi
135
P.-F.-F.-J., French writer, vra 380
Girodet-Trioson, Anne-Louis Girodet de
Roussy, painter, ix 135 ; xi 528
Giron, Pietro, leader of Gomururos, i 374
General Index,
367
Gironde. See Girondins
Girondins, viii 213, 248 sqq.; failure of,
253 sq., 256 sq.; and the King's trial,
264 sqq., 259, 262 ; responsibility of, for
the King's death, 261 ; Danton and, 264,
267, 269; 270 sq.; fall of, 275, 338 sq.;
346 ; proscription of, 350 ; trial and end
of, 357
Girton College, xn 762
Gislikon, battle at, xi 251
Gistera, Carl, Austrian Minister of Interior,
XII 185 sq.
Gitschin, acquired by Wallenstein, iv 73;
Wallenstein and Bubna at, 234; xi 452 ;
Prussians in, 453
Giudiee, Cardinal, vi 123
Giusti, Giuseppe, poet, x 126 ; xi 68 ; 546
Giustinianl, A., ambassador at Eome (1502),
i240
Lorenzo, 1st Patriarch of Venice,
I 267
Paolo, reformer of the Camaldolese,
n647
Taddeo, i 259
Papal Nuncio, x 142
Giza, Pyramids of, xii 433
Gizzi, Pasquale, Cardinal-Legate at Forli,
X 156 ; Papal Secretary of State, xi 76 sq. ;
703
Gjatsk, Napoleon at, ix 494
Gjoe, Mogens, High Steward of Denmark,
n 611, 614
Gladstone, Herbert John Gladstone, Vis-
count, Governor- General of South Africa,
xn648
William Ewarfc, x 110 ; 655 ; 667 ;
Under-Secretary to Board of Trade, xi
2; 4; and Maynooth College grant, 9;
10; 21; first Budget of, 310 sq.; resigns,
320 ; opposes Divorce Bill, 326 sq. ; 328 ;
330; Chancellor of Exchequer (1859),
331 ; 333 ; financial policy of, 334 sq. ;
337; introduces Eeform Bill of 1866,
339; rivalry of, with Disraeli, 342 sq.;
and Irish Disestablishment, 344 sq. ; 345 ;
and Neapolitan trials, 379; 577; 764 sq.;
and Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce,
470; xii 14; policy of, 23 sq. ; Minis-
try of (1868-74), 23 sqq.; and Disraeli,
30; 31; anti- Turkish agitation by, 32;
34 sq.; Ministry of (1880-5), 36 sqq.;
42; Home Rule BiU of (1886), 43 sq. ;
resigns, 45; Ministry oi (1892-4), 49
sqq.; retires, 61; 61; disestablishes Irish
Church, 66 sq. ; and Irish land question,
67, 70; and Irish education, 70 sqq.; 77;
Irish Land Act of, 79 sq. ; 81 sq. ; resigns
(1885), 83; and Irish Home Rule, 84, 87;
and Germany, 161 ; and Montenegro, 402 ;
and Greece, 403, 408; and Armenian
question, 416, 418; and the "Bulgarian
Atrocities," 384; and Egyptian affairs,
437, 439; and the Sudan, 440; and
Gordon relief expedition, 442 ; 444 ; 458 ;
472; and Free Trade, 743 ; 760
Glamorgan, Edward Somerset (Lord
Herbert), 6th Earl and 2nd Marquis of
Worcester, titular Earl of, iv 328 ; Irish
treaty and, 338; and Ormonde, 628;
arrest of, 629; 630
Gland6ves, naval commander at Toulon,
VIII 448
Glanfynne, lands of, in 613
Glanvill, Joseph, divine, v 762
Glapion, Jean, n 148
Glareanus. See Loriti
Glarus, Zwingli at, n 307 sqq.; manufacture
of cotton goods at, ix 426 ; industrial
legislation in, xi 260
Glasgow, Darnley at, m 273; v 286;
covenanting students at, 287; Union
riots in, 299 ; vi 99 ; Malt Tax riot in,
107; 115; and Irish trade, 496; riot
at (1820), X 682; financial crisis in,
XI 327; University, xn 71
Archbishop of. See Cairncross
Assembly, iv 284; 500 sqq.
Glatz, VI 229; ceded to Prussia, 235, 244;
242 ; and Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249 ;
279 ; capitulates, 294 ; 297 sq. ; regained
by Prussia, 300; 326; 339 sq.; 632
Glauber, Johann Rudolf, chemist, v 731
Glayon, Seigneur de, Dutch Councillor of
State, m 194
Gleichman, Johan George, Dutch Finance
Minister, xn 244
Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig, German
poet, vni 773
Glencaim, Alexander Cunningham, 5th
Earl of, n 558, 673; in 271
William Cunningham, 4th Earl of,
n 466 sqq.
Glencoe, massacre of (1692), v 294
Glenconkein, forest of, in 609
Glenelg, Charles Grant, Lord, influence of,
IX 717; and East India Company, 728
sqq. ; President of Board of Trade, x 645
Glenfinnan, Prince Charles in, vi 112
Glenmalure, battle of (1580), in 598, 602
Glenshiel, Pass of, Jacobites in, vi 106
Glisson, Francis, anatomist, v 729 ; 733
Globe, Le, French journal, x 95; 98; 103
Globig, H. A. F. von, Saxon plenipoten-
tiary at Congress of Vienna, ix 587
Glogau, given to Wallenstein, iv 213 ; taken
by Swedes, 386; v 693; principality
of, 654 ; VI 229 sq. ; Kyau's retreat to,
274; 276; taken by Jerome (1806), ix
281 ; evacuation of, demanded (1808),
318; Reynier at, 612; fortress of, 614
Gloucester, Parliamentary garrison at, iv
314; siege of, 315, 317, v 746
Humphrey, Duke of, i 598
William, Duke of (son of Queen
Anne), v 276; vi 6; 8
William Henry, Duke of, marriage
of, VI 446 ^
Glucksburg, Christian, Prince of, xi 226 sq.
Due de. See Decazes, Louis-C.-:6.-A.
Glutz, Robert, Swiss historian, xi 261
2a— 2
368
General Index.
Gmunden, Treaty of (1514), between Maxi-
milian I and Tsar WasUiei IvanoviS,
I 343
Gneisenau, Augustus Neidhardt, Count,
Prussian Marshal, defender of Kolberg,
IX 291; 328, 332; favours alliance of
Austria with Prussia, 344; in Silesia,
614; character of, 624 ; 542,643; illness
of, 651 ; advice of, 692 ; 631 ; hesitation
of, before Waterloo, 637 ; x 349 ; 365
Gneist, H. Eudolph von, historian, xii
850
Gnesen, Canonry of, in 76 ; shrine at, v
629
Gnesen, Archbishops of (Primates of Po-
land) :—
Jacob Uchanski (1562-81), m 81 ;
84 ; Interrex of Poland, 90, 96
Michael Stefan Badziejowski, Cardi-
nal, V 692
Nicholas Dziergowski (1546-59), m
78
Stanislas Karnkowski (1581-1604)
(Bishop of Cujavia), in 83, 90
Goa, capture of, by Alburquerque, i 31 sq.;
Dutch adventurers at, in 632; Stevens
at, IV 729; Anglo-Dutch expedition to,
738; Portuguese and, 744, ix 717; British
occupy, 731
Gobelins factory, v 11
Gobi, desert of, xn 792; 802; 805
Goch, John of. See Pupper
Godard, F., French advocate, vin 733
Thomas, Indian general, vi 576
Godefroi, Denys and Jacques, m 58
Godeheu, Director of French East India
Company, vi 542 sqq.
Goderich, Viscount. See Eipon, Earl of
Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder of,
V 221 sq., 224, 334
Godolphin, Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of,
V 247 ; and James II, 262 ; 271 ; 274 ;
298; 427; and Marlborough, 428 sq.,
460 sq. ; 440 ; character of, 461 ; and party
government, 463 sqq. ; and Harley, 465 ;
466 ; dismissal of, 469 ; 595 ; 701 ; vi 11
Sir William, English ambassador in
Spain, V 220
Godoy, Manuel de, Duke of Alcudia, Prince
of the Peace and of Bassano, Spanish
statesman, vin 442, 782 ; ix 301-2 ; pro-
clamation of (1806), 428; alarm of, 430;
fall of, 431 sqq.; his rule, 434; and
Spanish arsenals, 435 ; x 207; in Kome,
213
God's World, Eussian journal, xn 313
Godunoff, Boris, Tsar. See Boris
Theodore, Tsarevich, v 499
Godwin, Sir Henry Thomas, commander
in the Burmese War, xi 742
William, writer, vm 761; 766; x
700; 712; 774; PoliticalJustice, yiS^Q,
vm 767 sqq., x 778 sq.
Goben, August von, German general, xi
686 sq.; 610
Gdding, retreat of Eussians and Austrians
to (1805), IX 261
Gohlsdorf, fighting at (1813), ix 530
Gohrde, French defeated on the (1813),
IX 530
Goldli, George, leader of the forces of
Zurich, n 337
Heinrich, Zwingli and, n 307
Gollersdorf, Wallenstein at, it 212
Goens, Eyklof van, Dutch naval com-
mander, V 696
Gorgei, Arthur von, xi 185; career of, 203;
and Kossuth, 203 sq., 212; Hungarian
Commander-in-chief, 205; 206; Minister
of War, 207; defeated at Pered, 210; at
Arad, 211; surrenders to the Eussians,
212 sq. ; interned at Klagenfurt, 214
Gorlitz, VI 264; 268; 274; Austrian army
in, 282; 289 sqq.; Macdonald at, ix 525;
Bliicher at, 631
Gorres, Joseph von, Rothes Blatt, vm 775 ;
IX 91; editor of Eheinischer Merkur^
511, X 352; ix695; x 160; Athanasius,
165; 341; and Federal Diet, 347; 350;
353; 362; 365; recalled by Ludwig I,
371; ecclesiasticism of, 380; 401 sq.;
XI 49; xn 848
Gortz, George Henrik, Baron, Swedish
statesman, v 682; 609; 613 sq. ; vi 26
sqq.; execution of, 34; 104
Johann Eustach, Graf von Schlitz,
Prussian ambassador to the Hague, vm
286 ; at Eastatt, 641
Gorz, the Counts of, Venice and, i 263 sq.
Goes, Damiao de, Portuguese Eeformer, u
414 sq.
Goess, Count, Imperial envoy at the Hague,
V 432
Goesvort. See Wessel, John
Gota canal, xi 684 sq.
Goteborg, Charles IX and, iv 176 sq.;
208; 661; attacked by Christian IV,
571; Charles X at, 686, 589; vi 765;
779 sq. ; port of, vm 280 ; threatened by
the Danes, 325; General Moore at, ix
322; industrial college at, xi 684; 685;
fortifications of, xn 277; University of,
280
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, v 755; 763;
VI 824; 826 sqq.; 832 sqq.; vm 773 sq.;
Napoleon's interview with, ix 319; 335;
X 383; and Herder, 386; Gotz von
Berlichingen, ib., 386 sqq.; Die Leiden
des jungen Werthers, 387 sq. ; 389 ; at
Court of Saxe- Weimar, 389; in Italy,
389 sq.; Schiller and, 390 sqq.; 400; 403
sq.; and Eomantic movement, 407 sqq.;
death of, 410; 411; xi 347; 365; 411
sqq.; 415; 418; 420; 424; 430
Gotter, Baron, Prussian envoy to Vienna,
VI 229
Gottingen, Wallenstein near, iv 94 ; 96 sq.;
evacuation of, vi 426 ; Bemadotte marches
from, IX 263; University of, 329, 411,
X 379; students' disturbance at, 364;
General Index,
369
Hainbund at, 387; historical study at,
xn 817, 823, 827
Gotz, Christian, Austrian general, xi 206
Count von, Imperialist general, de-
vastates Hesse-Cassel, iv 371 ; 375 sq. ;
superseded, 377; 389
Goez, Benedict, in the Pamirs, xn 800;
802
Goezman, Louis - Valentin, and Beau-
marchais, vi 358
Goffe, William, regicide, vn 25
Gogh, Vincent van, Dutch painter, xn
249
Gogol, Nicholas, Eussian writer, xi 262;
649 sq.
Gohad, E^jah of, ix 726 sq.
Gohier, Louis Jerome, Director, vni 669
sq., 675, 678 sqq.
Goislard de Monsabert, French politician,
vm 110
Goito, French force at (1701), v 402;
battle of (1848), xi 86
Gokla, Indian general, xi 726
Golab Sing, ruler of Kashmir, xi 740
Golconda, War of, with Aurungzeb, v 697
sq., VI 622; Shah Jeh4n and, 518; 619
520; 521
Gold Coast, discovery of, by Gomes, i 16
Dutch voyages to, in 631 sq. ; English
forts on, IV 759; settlement on, v 691
trade with, vi 187; Great Britain and,
xn 658; 660
Goldbach, French position along the (1805),
IX 260
secretary to Bestuzheff, vi 317
Goldberg (Silesia), Poles in, in 78
(Mecklenburg), Saxons repulsed at,
IV 366
Golden Book, of Venice, i 273
Bull (1222), V 367, (1356), i 291 sq.
Fleece, Knights of, quarrel with
Maximihan I, i 446; m 698; vi 140
Horn, Eussian warship in, v 527
Goldenberg, assassinates Prince Kropotkin,
xn 306
Goldoni, Carlo, Italian dramatist, vi 606
Goldsborough, Schofield advances on, vn
528; Sherman at, 530
Goldsmith, Oliver, vi 828; 833; x 697;
701; 724
Goletta, captured by Spaniards, n 69
Golfe Jouan, French fleet in, vin 458
Goliad (Texas), massacre at (1836), vn
392
Golokhvastoff, and Eussian reform, xn 313
Golombo, Czarniecki defeated at, iv 582
Oolos, St Petersburg journal, xi 625
Golovin, Alexander, Eussian Minister of
Education, xi 624; xn 295; 299; 315
Count Theodore, Eussian statesman
and field-marshal, v 523; 527; 588
Golovkin, Gabriel Ivanovich, Count, Eus-
sian Grand Chancellor, v 555; vi 303
Count Grigorii, ix 36; 38
Count Jourij, x 427
Golovkin, Count, Eussian ambassador in
Sweden (1728), v 555
Golovnin, Zemstvo president in Moscow,
xn 327; 329; at the Moscow congress,
355 sq.
Goltz, Augustus Frederick Ferdinand,
Major von der, ix 292; concludes alli-
ance between Austria and Prussia (1809),
344; X 346
Count Bernard Wilhelm von der,
Prussian envoy, vin 441
Colmar, Baron von der, German
general (1870), xi 589
Eobert Heinrich Ludwig von der.
Count, XI 396; Prussian ambassador in
Paris, 483
Goluchowski, Count Agenor, Austrian
statesman, xi 404; xn 178; 206; 211
Golymin, battle at (1806), ix 284
Gomarus, Franciscus (F. Gomar), in 646
sq.
Gomes, Femam, explores Gold Coast, i
16, 19
Gomez, Euy. See Eboli, Prince of
Carlist general, x 238
Gomez Labrador, Don Pedro, at the Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 584 ; 589, 602, x 211 ;
and the slave trade, ix 614; 652
Gomperz, Theodor, German historian, xn
845
Gongalvez, Antam, Portuguese explorer, i
12 sq.
Gondar, James Bruce at, xn 805
Gondi. See Eetz
Gondokoro, xn 439; explorers at, 809
Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento d'Acuna.Count
of, ambassador to England, in 559-61;
returns (1620), 567 sq., iv 34; James I
ruled by, in 567 sq., 574 sq., iv 626,
640 sq. ; and Ealegh, 754 sq.
Gondrin, Archbishop of Sens. See Sens
Gonesius, Peter, Polish Eeformer, n
637
Gontaut Biron, Anne-Armand-lElie, Vicomte
de, xn 107
Gonzaga, Marquises and Dukes of Mantua.
See Mantua
Dukes of Nevers. See Nevers
Ercole di. Cardinal of Mantua, at
the Council of Trent, n 394, 676 sqq. ;
death of, 682
Elizabeth di. Duchess of Urbino.
See Urbino
Fernando (Ferrante) di, Count of
Guastalla, Governor of Sicily, n 70,
in 114; of Milan, n 81, in 400; and
Piacenza, ii 83 sqq. ; 88, 268
Julia (wife of V. Colonna),
Duchess of Traietto, n 33, 390 sq. ; in
109; 466
Mary di. See Maiy di Gonzaga,
Queen of Poland
Vincent di, Duke of Guastalla (1702),
V 403 ^
Gonzales, Juan, Spanish Eeformer, n 406
370
General Index,
Gonz&lez Bravo, Luis ("Ibrahim Clarete"),
journalist, x 241; Spanish Minister, xi
650 sq.; 658; 566; 668; Ministry of, 569
Gonzalo de Cordova. See Cordova
Gooch, Daniel W. , American politician, vii
469
Goodman, Christopher, n 685, 691, 696
Goodrich, Sir John, British ambassador in
Sweden, vi 770
Thomas, Bishop of Ely, n 517
Goodwin, John, works of, burnt at Oxford,
VI 807
Thomas, Westminster Assembly and,
IV 319 ; Independent leader, 359
Googe, Barnaby, m 367
Gookin, Daniel, and St Brandan's Isle, iv
766
Gora, taken by Poniatovski (1809), ix 354
Gorani, Count Joseph, Italian publicist,
VIII 778
Gorboduc, by Sackville and Norton, in 367
Gorchak6ff, Alexander, Prince, Kussian
Chancellor, at Vienna, xi 321 ; 434 ; and
Prussia, 456, 577; 628; Asiatic policy
of, 680 sqq. ; and Crete, 634 ; and Poland,
660; 843; and France, xn 97, 141; 138;
343; 387; at Congress of Berlin, 394;
and Russian advance in Asia, 464 ; death
of, 318
Prince, removed from Viatka (1908),
XII 376
Gordon Castle, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
riots, V 337; X 622; 625
Alexander, of Aiichintoul, Jacobite
general, vi 108
Alexander Gordon, 2nd Duke of
(Marquis of Huntly), vi 98; 102
Charles George (" Chinese Gordon"),
XI 821; XII 40; in Egypt, 439 sqq.; in
Khartum, 442 sq.; 444; 812
George Gordon, 1st Duke of, v 290 sq.
Lord George, iii 268, 270; vi 455
Lady Jane, ni 274
John, Colonel, at Eger, iv 242
John B., Confederate general, vii
540 sq.
Lady Katharine, marriage of Perkin
Warbeck to, i 469
Lord Lewis, Jacobite, vi 115
Patrick, in Eussia, v 523
Sir Robert, x 21; 32
Thomas, Jacobite agent in Eussia,
V 643
Thomas, colonel, joins the Greek in-
surgents, X 182
Admiral, at Danzig, vi 197
Gordonsville, Confederate army at (1862),
vn 472
Goree, taken by Dutch (1617), iv 759;
v 60; 179; ceded to France (1678), 692;
retained (1762), vi 347, 428; abandoned
to British (1779), 452; ceded to France
(1783), 464
Goremfkin, Russian Minister of Interior,
xn 326; 328; Prime Minister, 366 sq.; 368
Gorgast, Prussian army at, vi 280
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, and the settlement
of Maine, vn 21 sq.; death of, 24
Ferdinando (grandson of above), vn
27
Gorham, George Cornelius, Vicar of Bramp-
ford Speke, xi 18
Nathaniel, Massachusetts deputy at
the Constitutional Convention (1787), vn
246, 257, 266, 268, 282, 295, 297
Goria, annexed by Eussia, x 413
Goring, George, the elder. See Norwich,
Earl of
Colonel George, Baron Goring, plot
of, IV 289 sq. ; 304 ; surrenders Ports-
mouth, 305; and Puritanism, 306; 319;
321 ; at Marston Moor, 322 ; 324 ; in the
West, 330 sqq. ; in France, 334
Gorka, Andreas, Castellan of Posen, n 636 ;
iu75
Gorky, Maxim, xn 13; 330
Gorst, Sir John Eldon, Under-Secretary
for India, xii 45
Sir Eldon, and Egyptian affairs, xn
450; 456
Gortcbakoff, Pierre, Prince, at Shevardino,
IX 494 ; at Bautzen, 519
Goschen, George Joachim Goschen, 1st
Viscount, xn 23 ; 29 ; 36 ; mission of, to
Constantinople, 37; 43; Chancellor of
Exchequer, 45 sqq. ; First Lord of
Admiralty, 52; 403; and Egyptian
Finances, 434
Goslar, Brunswick-Liineburg Dukes at, iv
408; acquired by Hanover, ix 658
Gospels, The Apocryphal, early printed
editions of, i 613
Gossembrot, Sigismund, of Augsburg, i
324
Gosson, Stephen, in 372
Gotha, army at, vi 265 ; 266 ; 270 ; " Union "
meeting at, xi 221 ; socialist congress at,
XII 153
Gothenburg. See Goteborg
Gothofredus (Denys Godefroy), French
scholar, i 577
Gothus, Laurentius Petri. See Upsala,
Archbishops of
Gotland, iv 561; ceded to Sweden (1646),
572; West, v 569
Goto, Japanese Minister of Public Works,
XI 861; 865
Gotthelf, Jeremias. See Bitzius, Albert
Gottorp, ducal line of, iv 563; 672; and
Denmark, vi 736, 741. See also Holstein-
Gottorp
Gottsched, Johann Christoph, German
critic, V 68; x 384; 396; 406
Gouda, convention at (1610), in 647; the
Princess of Orange arrested near, vm
287
de, papal envoy, m 267
Goudanus (Nicholas Floris), m 149
Goudchaux, Michel, French politician, xi
26; 99; Minister of Finance, 104; 304
General Index.
371
Gough, Sir Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount, in
India, xi 738 sqq., 745
Gouj on, Jean - M. - C. - Alexandre, French
politician, vm 388
Goulard, Marc-Thomas-Eug^ne de, French
Minister of Interior, xn 106
Goulbum, Hemy, x 685 sqq.; 615; Chief
Secretary for Ireland, 637; 642; Chan-
cellor of Exchequer, xi 2; 762; 790
Gourara, French occupation of, xn 129
Gourgaud, Gaspard, Baron, French general,
at St Helena, ix 757; 759; xi 102
Gourmont, Gilles de, French printer, i
676
Gournay, Vincent de, French economist,
vm 22, 24
Gouvion, Jean-Baptiste, French politician,
vm 213
Saint-Cyr, Laurent, French marshal,
vm 638, 659; withdraws from Otranto,
IX 193 ; 254 ; surrender of Eohan to, 258 ;
takes Eosas, 448; besieges fortress of
Gerona, 454; replaced by Augereau,
457; and the Eussian campaign, 488;
499 ; at Berlin, 512 ; 514 ; guards Dresden,
623; 526, 529; holds Erzgebirge, 530-2;
X 20; 54; scheme of, for army reform,
65; 57; 61; resigns, 62
Govea, Andr6 de, at Bordeaux, in 69
Govemolo, occupied by King Charles Albert,
XI 88
Govind E4o (of Gujarat), ix 726
Chandra, Eajah of Kachar, xi 730
Gower, Earl. See Stafford, Marquis of
George Granville Leveson-Gower,
Lord (afterwards Ist Duke of Sutherland),
vm 292, 296; recalled from Paris (1792),
297 sq.
Gowrie, William (Lord Euthven), Earl of,
m 550
Goyon, Charles-M.-A. de. See Feltre, Due
de
Gozzadini, Giovanni, ii 17
Graaf, Eegnier de, anatomist, v 731
Graaff-Eeinet, Boers of, surrender, ix 749 ;
district of, xi 778
Grabovski, Stanislaus, Polish statesman,
X 452
Gradenigo, Pietro, Doge of Venice, i 261,
268, 273
Venetian captain, in 113
Grado, patriarchate of, created, i 267
Gradovsky, Eussian politician, xii 311
Graeff, Cornells de, v 145
Gratz, Imperial Court withdraws to, iv
389; seminary at, vi 637; revolutionary
movement at, xi 155; 187
Graf, Arturo, Italian writer, xn 231
Carl Heinrich, German orientalist,
and Old Testament study, xn 846
Grafenfehde (Grevefeide) (Count's War),
n 230, 614
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke
of, VI 415; 424; 431; 435 sqq.; and
East India Company, 488; 439; 442;
444; resigns, 447; 448 sq. ; Lord Privy
Seal, 467; 459; 463; 467; vn 152, 154,
173
Grafton, Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of,
Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, vi 485
Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of, v 247
Graham, Sir Gerald, in Egypt, xn 441
Sir James Eobert George, and par-
liamentary reform, x 603 ; 614 ; 662 sq. ;
667; 678; Home Secretary, xi 2; and
Corn Laws, 3 sq., 9 sq. ; and Factory
Acts, 4 sq.; 7; and Dublin Universitv,
9; 21; resigns, 320; 765
John, of Claverhouse, Viscount
Dundee. See Dundee
General Thomas. See Lynedoch
Grahovo, Turkish defeat at, xi 636, xn
414
Grain Coast, trade with, vi 187
Gramido, Convention of (1847), x 339
Grammont, Gabriel de. See Tarbes,
Bishop of
West Indian buccaneer, v 691
Gramont, A.-A. -Alfred, Due de. Foreign
Minister, xi 493, 578; 495
Grampound, disfranchisement of, x 601;
605
Gran, captured by Ferdinand, n 207 ; Soly-
man demands keys of, m 108; sur-
render demanded by Solyman from
Ferdinand, 118; taken by Turks, 119;
captured from the Turks (1683), v 363
Peter Pazmany, Archbishop of, iv 75
Granada, conquered by Ferdinand and
Isabella (1492), i 224, 358 sq., 361 sq.;
Treaty of (1500), 124; Moors in, m 493-
4 ; Philip V at, vi 166 ; corps of Sebas-
tiani at, ix 457 ; kingdom of, 469 ; tablets
and parchments of, xi 713
Ferdinand de Mendoza y Talavera,
Archbishop of, i 360; 651
Luis de, n 409
Pedro Guerrero, Archbishop of, at
the Council of Trent, n 676 sq., 680
New. See New Granada
Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, vi
426; 434; Commander-in-chief, 437;
439; 442
Grand Alliance, of 1689, v 35, 57 sqq.;
England and, 249; campaigns of, from
the English point of view, 260 sqq.;
of 1701, formation of, 398 sqq., 403,
▼I 9
Gulf, captured (1863), vn 503; 659
sq.
Eemonstrance, of 1641, rv 295 sqq.
Trunk Pacific Eailway, xn 608 sq. ;
613
Vezirate, growth of power of, i 101
Grandmaison, Michel (Moreau de), French
revolutionary, vm 682
"Granges," American political societies
(1872), vn 646, 706
Granja, La, Queen Isabel at, xi 656
Granson, victory of Swiss at (1476), i 391
372
General Index,
Grant, Charles. See Glenelg
James, General, at St Luoia, vi 451 ;
at Fort Duquesne, vii 136
James, explores the Nile, xii 809
General Sir James Hope, in India,
XI 749
Ulysses Simpson, captures Paducah,
vn 463 ; early services of, 494 ; captures
Forts Henry and Donelson, 495; 499
sqq. ; and Vicksburg campaign, 601 sqq. ;
proceeds to Chattanooga, 610 sqq.; at
Washington (1864), 614 sq.; and cam-
paign in East (1864), 514 sqq.; 527 sq.;
and Bichmond campaign, 581, 633 sqq. ;
in Petersburg, 539; Lee surrenders to,
541; in Washington, 645; President of
United States, 631 sqq.; and San
Domingo, 637, 639; character of, 639;
proposed election of (1876), 644, 652 sq. ;
XII 21; 95; 689
Grantham, Cromwell at, iv 313
Thomas Robinson, Lord, vi 76; 149;
Secretary of State, 462
Grantley, Fletcher Norton, Lord, Speaker
of the House of Commons, vi 443;
455
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, Sieur de,
Cardinal, Bishop of Arras, n 93; ni 34;
114; 134; influence of, in Netherlands,
183 sq., 188, 190-8; 218; 221; 227;
counsels murder of Orange, 253; 265;
477; 481; 489; death of (1586), 514
Nicholas Perrenot, Sieur de, Minister
of Charles V, n 240 sq., 243, 250, 253,
258, 260, 268
Granville (of Potheridge), John, Lord (2nd
son of John Granville, Earl of Bath,
cr. 1702, d. 1707), vii 37
John Carteret, Earl (Lord Carteret),
at Stockholm, vi 36 sq.; 39; 44; 71;
enters the Cabinet, 73 ; 74 sq. ; succeeds
Walpole, 235; 238; 394; 396; 405; 417;
and Pitt, 420; 424; Lord-lieutenant of
Ireland, 485; death of, 428
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl,
diplomatist, at Memel, ix 298; negotia-
tions with Ilussia, 305-6 ; and Corn
Law of 1815, X 771
Granville George Leveson-Gower,
2nd Earl, vii 671; xi 331; 677; and
Afghan frontier, 632; 633; 801; Colonial
Secretary, xn 23; Foreign Minister, 28,
36; 31 sq. ; 40; 161; and Egyptian
affairs, 436, 438, 440 sq., 444
Graspan, Boers defeated at, xii 642
Grasse, Comte de. See Grasse -Tilly
Grassellini, Monsignor, Governor of Rome,
XI 76
Grasse-Tilly, Franpois-Joseph-Paul, Mar-
quis de, French admiral, vi 453 sq.; 462;
vn 231
Grassi, Francesco, n 83
Grassis, Paris de, i 252
Gratius, Ortuinus (Ortwin de Graes), and
Letter* of Obscure Men, i 637 ; n 696
Gratry, Joseph- Alphonse, Oratorian, xi
721; 723
Grattan, Henry, vi 458 sq.; 474; 494;
496; and Irish trade, 497; and Irish
Independence, 498 sqq. ; 502 ; 504 sq. ;
vra 771; and Whig Club, ix 693 sqq.;
retirement of, 700; and Union, 705; 708;
X 674; and movement for Catholic
emancipation, 631, 633 sq., 635 sq.; 657
Graubiinden. See Grisons
Graudenz, Frederick William HI at, ix
280, 281; fortress of, demanded by
Napoleon (1806), 282; investment of
(1807), 284; blockade raised, 285; sur-
render demanded, 291
Gravamina Germanicae Nationis, by Jakob
Wimpheling, n 29
Grave, falls into Parma's hands, in 620;
siege of (1602), 636; French possession,
V 43
Pierre-Marie, Marquis de. Minister
of War to Louis XVI, viii 223, 406
Gravel, Balthasar, Abbot of Fulda, iii 178
Robert de. Seigneur de, v 38
Gravelines, interview between Henry VIII
and Charles V at (1520), n 42, 417;
battle of (1558), 93, 661, m 184;
engagement with Armada off (July 29,
1588), 313, 315, 507; Anglo-French
Treaty and, iv 440; taken by French
(1644), 697; abandoned (1652), 618 sq. ;
ceded to France, 620 ; the Old Pretender
lands at, vi 103
Gravelotte, xi 590; battle of, 593 sqq.,
600 sq.
Graves, Thomas Graves, Lord, Admiral,
VI 453 ; vn 230
Sir Thomas, admiral (nephew of
above), ix 53
Gravina, Charles, Due de, Spanish ad-
miral, joins Villeneuve, ix 223
Papal Nuncio, x 142, 208
Gravosa, Osuna attacks Venetians off, iv
632
Gray, John, economic theories of, x 781
Thomas, poet, vi 825; 828; 830;
X 698 sq.; xi 351; 357
William, Bishop of Ely, collector of
books, I 597
Boston ship-captain, vn 326, 364
Justice (U.S.), xn 714
Gray's Mill, Prince Charles at, vi 112
Graz. See Gratz
Graziosi, Canon, xi 73
Grazzini, Anton Francesco (II Lasca), ni
467 sq., 470
"Great Awakening, The," American re-
ligious revival (1740), vn 737
Great Britain. See England for affairs in
common
Great Contract, The, in 557
Fish River, discovered by Diaz, 1 17;
passed by Gama, 25; vi 189
St Bernard, Napoleon crosses the
(1800), IX 69, 60
General Index,
373
Grebel, Conrad, Anabaptist, opponent of
Zwingli, n 322
Jacob, executed, n 322
Greece, conquest of, by Ottomans, 1 74 ; 79 ;
Venetian successes in, v 365 sq.; in-
fluence of French Revolution in, vin
789; and Congress of Vienna, ix 661;
Vol. X, Chap. VI pas8im\ and Con-
gress of Verona, 33 sq., 39; attitude
of France towards, 91, 506; Palmerston
and, XI 18 ; under King Otho, 277 sqq. ;
Tsar and, 312; 313; military revolt in,
633; Alexander 11 and, 634; and Crete,
ib.j XII 419 sq., 427 sq. ; rupture of,
with Turkey, xi 636 ; misgovernment in,
639 sq. ; succession in, 641 ; new Con-
stitution of, 642; brigandage in, 643;
Eoumania and, 646; xn 10 sq.; 37;
Great Britain and, 43; 304; 381; and
Eusso-Turkish War, 390 sq. ; 393; and
Treaty of Berlin, 394, 398 sq. ; frontier
settlement of, 402 sq.; 406; coast of,
blockaded, 408; and Bulgaria, 411; and
Cyprus, 415; at war with Turkey, 420
sqq. ; and Macedonia, 424, 426 ; and the
European Concert, 728 ; 762 ; researches
in the history of, 821, 842, 845
Greek, controversy as to the pronunciation
of, I 681; Classics, search for mss of,
649 sq. ; Aldine editions of, 662 ; early
French printed editions of, 576 ; Roman
printed editions of, 666; scholarship,
revival of, 540-2. See also Renaissance
Greeley, Horace, editor of New York Tri-
bune, vn 425, 677, 690; Presidential
campaign of, 640, 643 sq. ; death of, 653
Green, John Richard, historian, xii 840
Thomas Henry, teaching of, xn 765
Cay island, xn 20
Ribbon Club, v 218; 228 sq.
'•Greenback" Party, vii 646, 648, 662 sq.
Greene, Nathaniel, American general, vn
223 sqq., 227 sqq.
Robert, dramatist and novelist, in
371, 375
Greenland, fishery disputes in, m 644;
Christian IV and, iv 567 ; whale fisheries
of, VI 49, 181 ; Norway and, xi 683 ; ex-
ploration of, xn 815
Company, America and, iv 749
Greensborough, Jefferson Davis at, vn
542 sq.
Greenshields, James, and Book of Common
Prayer, vi 94
Greenwich, Treaty of (1543), in 261
Greenwood, John, in 333, 345
Greg, S., Russian Minister of Finance,
xn 309
Gregg, William, clerk to Robert Harley, v
465
Gregoire, Ernest, Belgian revolutionary
leader, x 537
Henri, Comte, Constitutional Bishop
of Blois, member of the Convention, vni
249, 382, 501, 733, 790; ix 182; 186;
X 60 sq. ; motion to annul election of,
62; 71; 486; xi 72
Gregorios, Patriarch of Constantinople,
execution of, x 183
Gregorovius, Ferdinand, historian, quoted,
n 19, 25, 28; City of Rome, xn 849
Gregory I, Pope, m 752
VII (Hildebrand), Pope, in 422;
439; 752
IX (Ugolino, of Anagni), Pope, i
260, 666, 668; n 2
XI (Peter Roger de Beaufort), Pope,
opposition to taxation of, i 669
XII (Angelo Correr), Pope, i 268
XIII (Hugo Buoncompagni), Pope,
I 325; Carranza and, n 410; John III
of Sweden and, 631 sq. ; in 18; 20; and
Catholic League, 38 ; 136 ; and Counter-
reformation, 178; attacks Elizabeth,
286 sqq. ; 349 ; 414 ; and Cardinal di
Montalto, 426 sqq.; new Calendar of,
424, 707; 497; and Ireland, 696 sq.;
Concordat of, with Duke William V of
Bavaria, 709; v 494
XIV (Nicolas Sfondrato), Pope, and
the Catholic League, in 50, 659; 442; 710
XV (Alessandro Ludovisi), Pope,
rescues Klesl, iv 22 ; fears Spanish
supremacy in Italy, 53 ; 672 sqq. ; death
of, 57, 674
XVI (Mauro Capellari), Pope, the
pontificate of, x 154 sq.; and Lamennais,
163 sq.; and the Jesuits, 167; and
Prussian marriages controversy, 381;
488; and Guizot, xi 37; 67 sq. ; 71;
condemns Articles of Baden, 246; 703;
and Antonelli, 705; 716; death of, 70,
also X 168
Saint, printing of the works of,
in 445
of Tours (d. 695), i 534
Sir Augustus Charles, in Austra-
lasia, XI 798
James, mathematician, v 721
Greifswald, iv 196; siege of (1631), 199,
203 ; a Swedish possession, 404 ; lost by
the Swedes, v 652; Treaty of, vi 26
Greig, Sir Samuel, Russian admiral, vi
673; vra 325
Greiz, Liberal movement at, xi 149
Gremonville, Nicolas Bretel, Sieur de,
French envoy at Vienna, v 38; 349;
361 sq.
Grenada, the French in, v 687; vi 185 sq.;
346; British occupation of, 426; ceded
to Great Britain (1763), 428; reduced by
d'Estaing, 452 ; retained by Great Britain
(1782), 464; insurrection in (1796), vra
484; negroes in, xn 653; 654; 656
Grenadines, ceded to Great Britain, vi 428
Grenelle, powder factory at, vra 433 ; dis-
affection at (1796), 604 sq.
Grenfell, George, African explorer, xn 811
John Pascoe, captain in the Brazilian
navy, x 316
374
General Index.
Grenier, Cotnte Paul, French general, ix
67; marches towards Berlin, 511
Grenoble, capture of, in 416 sq. ; Parlements
of, 415, V 4, vm 47 ; provincial assembly
at, 91; disturbances in (1788), 112 sq.,
(1816), X 60; IX 196
Grenville, George, statesman, vi 424 sqq. ;
and Prussia, 427; 428; succeeds Bute,
430; 431; 434; and John Wilkes, 441;
442; death of, 443; vn 147 sqq., 152
James, joint Vice-treasurer of Ire-
land, VI 437
Sir John. See Bath, Earl of
Sir Richard, and the Revenge, nr
319 ; expedition of, to Virginia (1585-6),
vn3
Sir Richard, 1st Baronet (grandson
of above), in Munster, iv 624
Thomas, mission of, to Paris, vi 461
William Wyndham, Baron Grenville,
vni 288, 294; Foreign Secretary, 295 sqq.,
301, 303 sqq., 496, 559 sq., 648 sq., 651;
ministry of, ix 288; 291, 299; and
Catholic Emancipation, 678; 680; and
peace, 681; and Pitt, 682; 683; forms
Ministry, 686; resignation of, 686; in-
fluence of, 687; 690; and Ireland, 697
sqq. ; and Canada, 744 ; x 574 ; 580 ; and
the Irish Catholics, 631; 666
(Greenville or Greynvile), Irish
"Undertaker" (1586), m 600
Greppo, Jean-Louis, French politician, xi
124; 136; 139
Gresham College, v 740
Thomas, m 211
Gretser, Jacob, Defensiones, iv 4
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, ix 135; xi 528
Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke, x 587
Grevy, Fran^ois-Paul-Jules, xi 116; 132;
President of the National Assembly,
600; 600; President of the French
Republic, xn 92; 107; succeeds Mao-
Mahon, 112; 116
Grew, Nehemiah, botanist, v 735 sq.
Grey, Lady Catharine, ii 574; in 634
Sir Charles, General, vin 484
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl, vi 472; 476;
VIII 759 sq. ; succeeds Fox in Foreign
Office, IX 271; and reform, 672; 676;
leader of Whig party, 687 ; 690 ; and the
Polish revolution, x 474; and Algiers,
502 ; 574 ; attacks Canning, 691 ; Ministry
of (1830-4), 694, 655 sq.; and parlia-
mentary reform, 599, 603, 607 sq., 610,
612; resigns, 614; recalled to office, 615;
618 ; resigns, 663 ; and dismissal of
Melbourne, 666; 668; and O^Connell,
669 ; 673 sq. ; and Queen Victoria, 678 ;
XI 755
Sir George, Governor of Cape Colony,
XI 784 ; 786 ; in South Austraha, 792, 795 ;
in New Zealand, 794 sqq., 799 sq.
Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl (Vis-
count Howick), X 679 ; xi 10 ; Secretary
for Colonies and for War, 14, 16 ; colonial
policy of, 759 sqq., 763 sqq.; and New
Zealand, 796 sq.
Grey, Lady Jane, marriage of, to Guilford
Dudley, n 510; proclaimed Queen, 614;
arrested, 618, 520 ; executed, 528 ; ra 859
Sir John, General, in Gwalior, xi
738
Lord Leonard (6th son of Thomas,
1st Marquis of Dorset), executed, n 462 ;
471
Sir Thomas, executed, n 528
Thomas, styled Lord Grey of Groby
(son of Earl of Stamford), nr 314
Thomas Philip de. See De Grey
William de. See Walsingham, Lord
de Wilton, Arthur, 14th Baron, Lord
Deputy of Ireland, ni 265, 298, 598, 602
de Wilton, Sir William, 13th Baron,
n 505 sq., 617, 577
Grey Friars Observants, suppression of, by
Henry VIII, u 441
Leagues. See Grisons
Greyerz, and Freiburg, vi 625
Gribaldi, Matteo, Italian Reformer, n 393
Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de,
French general, vi 349
Gribovo, Greeks defeated at, xn 422
Griboyedoff, Alexander, Russian poet, x
431; XI 614
Gridley, Jeremiah, American lawyer, yn
178 sq.
Grieg, Edvard, Norwegian musician, xn
281
Griff enfeld, Count Peter Schumacher von,
Danish statesman, v 560 sqq. ; 571 ; 678
Griffin, Thomas, Admiral, vi 538
Griifith, Maurice, Bishop of Rochester, n
631
Rice ap, disaffection of, ii 471
Grigorovich, Alexander, xi 614
Grijalva, Hernando di, coast of Mexico
explored by, i 41
Grillenzone, Giovanni, founder of Modenese
Academy, ii 386
Grillparzer, Franz, Austrian dramatist, x
407; XI 414 sqq.
Grimaldi, Luciano, Prince of Monaco, holds
Monaco against Genoa, i 129
Napoleone (Genoese admiral, 1380),
I 259
Philip II's agent in Genoa, m 497
Cardinal-Legate at Forli, x 156
Grimaldo, Marquis de, Spanish Minister of
Foreign Affairs, vi 136 sq.; 139; 142;
145; at Paris, 368, 370; 371; retires,
374; 376
Grimani, Marco, Cardinal Legate to Scot-
land, n 458
Cardinal Domenico, n 15
Grimm, Baron Friedrich Melchior, and
Catharine II, vi 678, 698 sq., vm
784 sq.
Jacob, X 379 ; expelled from Hanover,
380; 402; 404; xi 49; 164; xn822sq.;
849
1
General Index,
375
Grimm, William, x 379; 402; 404; xi 49;
xn 822
Grimmelshausen, Christoph von, iv 425
Grimnitz, Treaty of (1529), iv 104
Grindal, Edmund, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, in 340 sq.
Grinevetsky, assassinates Alexander II, xn
310
Gringmuth, Eussian politician, xn 314;
373
Gringore, Pierre, Le Jeu du Prince des Sots
et Mere Sotte, n 281
Gripenstedt, Johan August, Swedish Minister
of Finance, xi 688 ; 690
Grippenberg, General, in the Russo-Japanese
War, xn 696 sq.
Griqualand East, Treaty State of, xi 783
West, annexation of, xn 635
Grisel, Georges, betrays Babeuf conspiracy,
vm 504 sq.
Grisons, The, n 306 ; the Reformation in,
328 ; ra 466, 684 ; Vol. iv. Chap, n passim, ;
129; 373; canton of, vi 614; and France
(1798), vm 640 sq. ; French army in (1800),
1x64, 68; xi234; 236
Gritti, Alvise, ni 109
Andrea, Venetian general, i 87
Lorenzo, ni 115
Grobbendonck, Anthony Schets, Lord of,
siege of Hertogenbosch and, iv 692 sq.
Gaspar Schets, Lord of, in 195
Grochov, battle of (1831), x 469 sq.
Grocyn, William, at Oxford, i 491, 579;
and L. Valla, 602; orthodoxy of, 643
Grodno, Diet of, dissipated, v 555; 594;
Charles XII enters, 597 ; Diet of (1793),
vm 537 sqq. ; province of, x 420 ; 440 ;
Russian administration of, 459 sq. ;
placed under martial law, 469
Groben, Count Karl von der, Prussian
general, xi 221 ; 230 sq.
Groenewegen, Dutch colonial leader, iv
755
Groenloo, attempt to capture, in 628; siege
of (1597), 629
Groll, siege of (1606), ra 638 ; Dutch cap-
ture of (1627), IV 691
Grolmann, Karl Wilhelm Georg von, ix
332 ; XI 50
Gronberg, Imperialist commander, iv 393
Groningen, siege of (1590), ra 626; dis-
content in, 634 ; Henry Casimir and, rv
695, 701; Cartesian philosophy and, 789;
besieged (1672), v 43; and the Eternal
Edict, 155 sq. ; 160 ; 165 ; University of,
1x417
Groot, Hugo de. See Grotius
Pieter de. Pensionary of Rotterdam,
V 156 ; mission of, to Paris, 156 sqq.
Groote, Gerard, founder of fraternity at
Deventer, i 434 sq., 627 sq.
Groote Privilegie, granted by Mary of
Burgundy (1477), i 438
Gropper, Johann, Catholic divine, n 240,
243, 667
Gros, Antoine-Jean, ix 135
Baron Jean-Baptiste-Louis, xi 812;
816 ; 818 ; xn 681
Gross, Russian resident at Berlin, vi 319
Gross-Beeren, battle of (1813), ix 526, 528,
530
Grossenbrode, Danish capitulation at, rv
102
Gross-Enzersdorf, French troops advance
from (1809), ix 352
Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, in-
terest of, in Greek studies, i 537, 585-7,
657
Grosseto, fair at, ra 393
Grossfriedrichsburg (Guinea Coast), v 647 ;
691
Gross-Gorschen, battle of (1813), ix 517
Gross-Hennersdorf, Austrians repulsed at,
VI 244
Gross-Jagerndorf, battle of, vi 264, 322
Gross-Kamin, Prussian troops at, vi 281 sq.;
285 sq.
Grossi, Tommaso, x 126 ; xi 545 ; 648
Grosswardein, Treaty of (1538), n 236, 242 ;
V 61; surrenders to the Turks (1660),
345 ; 348 ; Gorgei at, xi 214
George Martinuzzi, Bishop of, n 242 ;
murder of, 268 sq., iii 122-3
Pasha of, and Tokolyi, v 366
Grosvenor, Lord Robert, xi 339
Grote, George, historian, x 698 ; 655 sq. ;
supports the Poor Law Bill, 662 ; 675 sq. ;
XI 250 ; xn 830 ; 836 ; 844
Baron Thomas von, Hanoverian
envoy in London, vi 14
Grotefend, Georg Friedrich, xn 845
Groth, Klaus, German poet, xi 414; 420
Grotius, Hugo (Huig van Groot), De Jure
Belli et Pads, i 579 ; Mare Liberum
(1609), in 644 ; moves resolution in
States of Holland, 648; 650-2, 655,
740, 763, 767; iv 144; mission of,
to Paris, 250, 369; 389; and Queen
Christina, 575 ; works of, 717 sq. ; r
745; 754; vni 29; and Gentili, xn
707 sq. ; method of, 709 sqq.
Grottammare, birthplace of Sixtus V, iii
425
Grouchy, Emmanuel, Marquis de, Marshal
of France, vra 474, 654; advance of,
on Valence, ix 617 ; commands cavalry
reserve, 625; 627, 630; despatches of,
633 sqq. ; responsibility of, 641 sq. ; at
Paris, 643
Grudzinska, Joanna (Princess Lovicz), x
436; 448
Griin, Anastasius. See Auersperg, Count
Anton Alexander von
Griineberg Manuscript, The. See Konigin-
hof
Griinne, Count von der, Austrian adjutant-
general, XI 398 ; 403
Griisch, Protestant- Venetian party at, rr
52 ; de Coeuvres at, 68
Gruet, Joachim am, n 322, 376
376
General Index.
Gruieff, Bulgarian officer, xn 408
Grumbach, Wilhelm von, n 190, 274; in
161 sq. ; Grumbacfische Handel^ 161, 172
sq.
Grumbkow, General von, Prussian states-
man, VI 210 sqq.
Grundtvig, Nikolai Frederik Severin,
Danish writer, xi 692; 698
Grynaeus, Simon, Orthodoxographa, i 617 ;
II 355
Gryphius, Andreas, German poet, v 68
Guadagni, Abb6, in 24
Guadagnoli, Antonio, Italian writer, xi 645
Guadalajara (Spain), Philip II meets Eliza-
beth of France at, in 483 ; Ripperda at,
VI 139 ; Absolutist force marches on
(1823), X 227
(Mexico), Court established at, x 248
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848), vii
397, 426
Guadarrama, canal of, vi 383 ; pass of, Es-
tremaduran army sent to, ix 444 ; French
troops cross, 445
Guadeloupe, French settlement of, iv 758,
vn 78 sq., 85; failure of English attack
on, v 60; an English possession (1759-
63), vii 96; ceded to France, vi 428;
captured by English (1794), vm 484, ix
749 ; recaptured, ib. ; restored to France
(1801), 75; blockaded (1804), vii 327; re-
duced (1810), IX 240, 752; restored to
France (1815), 653; xii652; France and,
656
Guadet, Marguerite Elie, Girondist leader,
vm 214, 231, 249, 256, 271; executed,
357
Guadiana river, Victor halts in valley of,
IX 450
Guaira, Jesuit government in, x 269 sq.
Gualterio, Cardinal, Jacobite agent at
Eome, VI 97
Gualterotti, Francesco, supporter of Savo-
narola, I 154
Guancavelica, quicksilver mines at, v 682
Guanches, The, of the Canary Islands, i
10
Guanica (Porto Kico), Miles lands at, vn
680
Guarani Indians, in Paraguay, xn 674
Guararapes hills, Dutch defeat in (1647),
V 675
Guaiini, Giovanni Battista, Pastor Fido,
III 467
Guarino (da Verona), humanist, i 543, 546,
550, 558, 562
Guastalla, French victory at, vi 154 ; 366 ;
administered by Moreau de St Mery, ix
398 ; duchy of, assigned to Empress
Marie-Louise, 602, 660; reversion of,
secured to Infanta Marie -Louise (1817),
X 212
Duke of. See Gonzaga, Fernando
de
Vincent di Gonzaga, Duke of. See
Gonzaga
Guasto, Count del. See Vasto
Guatemala, administration of, x 248; in-
dependence of, 306 ; State of, xii 672
Guayaquil, Hollanders defeated at, iv 642 ;
X 273; and Bolivar, 295 sq.
Guben, Frederick the Great at, vi 288
Guchen, caravan route to, xn 793 ; 799 ;
802
Guchk6ff, Bussian politician, xn 360;
375 sq.
Gudmundarsen, David, n 621
Gu6briant, Jean-Baptiste Budes, Count de,
Marshal of France, joins Bernard of
Weimar, iv 375 ; 379 ; 381 sqq. ; 385 sq. ;
difficulties and death of, 388 sq.; 695
Gueffier, French envoy, in Grisons, iv 45
sqq.; Catholics urged on by, 61; 54
Guelders. See Gelders
Guelfs and Ghibellines, revived in Savoy,
m 401, 412; 438
Gu^n^gaud, Henri, Marquis de Plancy,
French Secretary of State, v 5
Glins, defended against Solyman, n 218,
in 107
Giinther, Johann Christian, x 385
Gu6rande, Treaty of (1365), i 393 w.
Guercino, "King of the Campagna," in
431
Guericke, Otto von, and the air-pump, v
715
Gu^rin, Gabriel-Christophe, ix 135
Pierre-Narcisse, Baron, xi 528
Guerra, Italian brigand, xi 531
Guerrazzi, Francesco Domenico, L'Assedio
di Firenze, x 127 ; xi 78 ; and government
of Tuscany, 90 sq. ; 94 ; trial of, 337 sq.
Guerrero, Pedro. See Granada, Archbishop
of
Guesde, Jules, French socialist, xn 119;
123 sqq.
Guest, Lady Charlotte, and Mabinogiorif
XI 352
Giistrow, recovered by Mecklenburg Dukes,
IV 204
Duke of. See Mecklenburg-Giistrow
Guetaria, French naval victory near, rv
147
Gueugnon, feudal Courts in, vm 49
Gueux de Mer, ra 203-4, 206; 229-30,
237, 239-40, 284, 286, 493, 509
Guevara, Dofia Anna de, and Olivares, iv
654
Antonio de, m 548
Louis Velez de, iv 663
Guiana, Ralegh's expedition to, m 562,
IV 754; Dutch trade in, m 633; Dutch
colonies in, iv 709, 756; Harcourt's
colony in, 755; the French in, vn 74,
79, 97, 108, IX 676, 653; Great Britain
and, X 520, xi 667
British, xn 653 sq. ; and Venezuela,
655, 687, 721 ; government of, 656 sq.
French, and Brazil, xn 655
Guibert, Jacques- Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte
de, IX 280
General Index.
377
Guicciardi, The, Valtelline nobles, iv 48
Guicciardini, Francesco, Florentine histo-
rian, I 147, 150, 170, 176, 184, 186, 200,
363, 368; n 1, 9, 21, 23 sq.; in 387 sqq.,
457
Count Francesco, Italian statesman,
xn 228
Piero, 1 169, 176
Guichen, Count de, French naval officer,
VI 453
Guidal, Maximilien-Joseph, French general,
IX 14; 144
Guidi, Carlo Alessandro, Italian poet, v 69
Guidiccioni, Giovanni, Cardinal, and the
Jesuits, n 663
Guidocerius, Agaciua, Boman Hebraist, n
17
Guienne, revolt in, i 396; and the States
General, 399; and the Parlement of
Bordeaux, 401; administration in, 403,
407 sq.; English invasion of (1512), 479
sq.; revolts against the Gabelle (1548),
n 96, 492;, IV 613; and Cond6, 614; re-
stored to Epernon, 618
College of, ni 69
Guieu, Jean-Joseph, French general, vin
582
Guildford, battle of (1781), vn 228 sq.
Guilford, Francis North, 1st Lord, v 232
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of (Lord
North), VI 377 sq.; 380; 427; 431; joint
Paymaster of the Forces, 437 ; Chancellor
of the Exchequer, 438; 439; 442; and
the East India Company, 445, 570 sq. ;
and America, 447; 450; and Ireland, 455 ;
resigns, 466; 457 sq.; 460 sq.; 463;
Home Secretary, 464 ; 465 sq. ; dismissed,
467; 468; and Irish affairs, 495, 498 sq. ;
601; 681; vn 154; American policy of,
157 sqq., 161 sqq., 217
4th and 5th Earls. See North
Guillemot (Chouan), shot (1805), ix 136
Guinard, Auguste-Joseph, x 491
Guinea (Bilad Ghana), i 9, 15, 17; slave
trade in, 10, 14 sq. ; colonising of, 11, 16 ;
V 179 ; Brandenburg trade with, 647; 677;
settlements in, 691 sqq. ; Upper Senegal
united to, xii 130
Gulf of, xn 807; 811
Coast, and the slave trade, vi 187;
Great Britain and, xn 658
. Company (French), v 445; (Eng-
lish), 691; VI 173, 533; x 260
Guinegaste, defeat of Louis XI at (1479),
I 391, 413, 443; victory of Henry VIII
(battle of the Spurs) (1513), 140, 457, 481
Guines, captured by French, n 93, 546;
Treaty of (1520), 416; meeting of Henry
VIII and Francis I at, 417; fall of, ui
670
Adrien-Louis de Bonni^res, Due de,
vin 87
Guipuzcoa, and Spanish Succession, v 884,
389 ; fishermen of, vi 344 ; guerrilla war-
fare in (1794), vin 440
Guirigay, El, Spanish journal, xi 550 sq.
Guise, siege of, ii 92
House of, of Lorraine, Diane de
Poitiers and, n 98; the Beformation in
France and, 296-9; in 2, 16, 25, 33;
characteristics of, 262; power of, 265-6,
289, 451, 483 sqq., 501 sqq., 550, 657
sqq.
Charles of Lorraine, 4th Duke of
(Prince of Joinville), and Catholic League,
ni 45-50; 397; 517; 659 sqq.; 681; at
La Bochelle, iv 183; rebellion of, 150
Charles de, Cardinal of Lorraine
{from 1550), Archbishop of Bheims, n
83, 91, 93, 98, 294, 296 sq., 302, 674; at
Council of Trent, 680 sqq.; death of
(1574), ra 25; 263; 268; 406; 489;
691
Claude of Lorraine, Count of (after-
wards 1st Duke of Guise), n 47; 98
Francis, 2nd Duke of, n 87, pi sqq.,
98, 297; Triumvirate made by, 300;
invasion of Italy by, 545 sq., 674 ; in
1 sqq.; takes Calais, 184; murder of
(1563), n 683, ni 5
Henry of Lorraine, 3rd Duke of,
leader of Catholic League, in 8-44;
murder of (1588), 45, 415, 452, 511;
170; and English plots, 288, 502
Henry II of Lorraine, 5th Duke of,
Naples and, iv 482, 601, 657
Louis the elder, of Lorraine, Cardinal
of, Archbishop of Sens (d. 1578), m 1
Louis the younger, of Lorraine, Car-
dinal of, murder of (1588), ra 45, 452
Guitry, Huguenot commander, in 23 sq.,
27, 52
Guizot, Frangois-Pierre-Guillaume, x 43;
and Louis XVIII, 44; 48; 50; and elec-
toral changes, 51 sq.; and Doctrinaires, 52
sqq. ; 65 ; 64 ; and new electoral scheme,
66 ; 67 ; dismissed from Council of State,
68 ; excluded from Sorbonne, 78 ; restored
to his post, 93; writings of, 102, 613;
103; 167; and Bevolution of 1830, 476
sqq.; 480; supports Casimir P4rier, 487 ;
Minister of Public Education, 489 sq. ;
493 ; 495 sq. ; recalled to office, 497 sq. ;
and Algeria, 503 sq.; and Mol6, 507;
and the coalition against Mol6, 508 sq.;
511; 516; ambassador in London, 565 sq.;
and Turko-Egyptian Question, 566 sqq. ;
Foreign Minister, 570; 672; Vol. xi,
Chap, u passim ; 16 sq. ; and the Jesuits,
67; and the Opposition, 96; dismissal
of, 97 sq.; 118; Education Act of, 130;
131; and Switzerland, 249, 252; 297;
305; and Spanish marriages, 554 sq.;
707; and China, 812; xn 683; writings
of, XI 524, xn 831 sq., 849
Gujarat, landing of Turks at, ra 117;
the Dutch in, v 695; annexed by Em-
peror Akbar, vi 512; Peshwa's rights
in, leased, ix 726; xi 742; Afghans at,
744
378
General Index,
Guldberg, Ove Hoegh, Danish statesman,
VI 735; 749 sqq.; 764; faU of , 755; 756;
vra 279; dismissed, 280
Guler de Weineok, Jean, ly 49; Grisons
under, 50 sq.
Gullberg, Christian repulsed from, iv 179
Gum Coast, trade with, vi 187
Gumble, Thomas, Li/e of Monck, iv 559
Gunfleet, English fleet at the, v 181, 186 ;
183
Gunning, Peter, Bishop of Ely, v 97
Gunpowder Plot, in 555
Gunter, Edmund, mathematician, v 709
Guntersville, Hood at, vn 524
Gunthorpe (Gundorp), John, Dean of Wells,
books collected by, i 597
Gurkhas, treaty with, ix 718; war with,
732
Gurko, General, Governor-general of St
Petersburg, xn 307; 336; 369; 388 sq.;
404
Gumey family, of Earlham, vin 765
Gurzno, victory of Wrangel near, rv 186
Gusinje, xii 392; acquired by Montenegro,
396; 401 sq.
Gustafsburg, Bernard of Weimar in, rv
367
Gustafsson, Gustaf, of Vasaborg, iv 178
Gustavus I (Vasa), King of Sweden, n
228 sq., 245, 615 ; early life of, 603 sq.,
621 ; accession of, 622 ; the clergy and,
624-7; IV 158-61; 166 sq.; 170; 173;
179; V 578; vi 771; 779
II Adolphus, King of Sweden, the
Protestant Union and, rv 12; and Christian
of Anhalt, 17; 26; 65; 68; 71; inherited
wars of, 89 sq,; Danish negotiations of,
92; 99; 100; 103; and Hanse Towns, 105 ;
and Stralsund, 107 sq.; in Pomerania,
114; concludes Truce of Altmark, 115;
117; and Eichelieu, 140 sq.; 159; 171;
174; 176; becomes King, 177; character of,
178 sq. ; Eussian War of, 180 sq. ; Polish
War of, 182 sq.; home government of,
184; Prussian War of, 185 sq.; economic
policy of, 187 sq.; 189; from 1630-2,
see Chap, vi ; 232 sq. ; Bohemian policy
of, 234; 243; 246; Grotius and, 250;
Charles I and, 275 ; 277 ; 364 ; victorious
advance of, 365; officers trained under,
366, 370, 375, 386; arbiter of war in
Empire, 395; 401 sqq.; 410; 415; 418;
427; rivalry between Christian IV and,
560, 566; 570; 574; 575 sqq.; and Urban
VIII, 676, 681 sq.; results of death of,
223 sqq., 568 sq. ; 682, 696 sq. ; Louis
de Geer and, 725; schemes of, in West
Indies, 759; v 338; 562 sq.; 577 sq.;
637; and Elector Frederick William,
639; VI 622; 761; 768
Ill, King of Sweden, Vol. vi. Chap.
xxn; 354; visits France, 358; 676;
marriage of, 741; 753 sqq.; coup d'Stat
of (1772), VIII 309, 315, 325, (1789), 326;
336; 399; murder of (1792), 400; 528;
and French Bevolution, 788 sq.; and
Catharine II, vi 678, ix 37; 43-5, 321;
z 434
Gustavus IV Adolphus, King of Sweden,
vin 789 ; relations of, with Tsar Paul, ix
38, 46, 48, 50; 250; 263; makes war on
Prussia, 266; 289; renews war against
France, 295; sues for armistice, 300;
deposition of, 321; xi 677; 681
V, King of Sweden, xn 288; 290
Gutenberg, Johann, Latin Bible printed
by, I 634, 639; 689
Guthrie, James, Scottish "protester," v
282
Gutierrez, Antonio Garcia, Spanish writer,
X 241
Gutschmid, Alfred von, German archaeolo-
gist, xn 846
Guttstadt, Ney retreats from, ix 290
Gutzkow, E^arl Ferdinand, German writer,
X 410 sq.; xi 411; 414 sqq.
Guy, John, settler in Newfoundland, vii
52, 74
Guyenne. See Guienne
Guyomard, Pierre, French politician, viii
682
Guyon, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte,
v88; 761
Eichard Debaufre, general in the
Hungarian army, xi 215
Guyton-Morveau, Louis-Bernard, French
chemist, vm 269; ix 133
Guzman, A. M., member of the Committee
of Insurrection, vm 265
Doiia Anna or Louise Francisca
de, afterwards Queen of Portugal, iv
651 sq.
Fernando Nunez de. See Pintianus
Gaspar de. See Olivares
Guzman de Alfarache, by Mateo Aleman,
in 482
Gvadanyi, Count Joseph, xi 422
Gwalior, captured (1780), vi 576; State
of, IX 720; surrender of fortress of, by
Sindhia, 726-7; xi 726; Ellenborough's
policy in, 737; 738; 749
Gwyn, Nell, v 205; 266
Gyldenlo ve, Ulrik Christian, Danish admiral,
V 580; 581
Ulrik Frederik, v 561; 569 sq.
Gyldenstjerne, Knud. See Odense, Bishops
of
Gyllenborg, Carl, Count, Swedish Minister
in London, v 612; vi 27; 104; 759
Gyllenhielm, Karl Karlsson, captured by
Poles, IV 174; 185; Oxenstierna and,
569
Gyllenstierna, Christina, defends Stockholm
against Christian II, n 603
Johan Goransson, Swedish states-
man, V 567; 569 sqq.; death of, 571;
and Charles XI, 572 sq.
Gyongyosi, Stephen, Hungarian poet, xi
422
Gyraldus, Lilius, Historia Poetarum, i 567
General Index.
379
Gyulai, Count Franz, Austrian general,
XI 403
Count Ignaz, ix 259
Paul, Hungarian writer, xi 430
Haakon VI. See Hakon
VII, King of Norway (Prince Charles
of Denmark), xn 289 sq.
Haan, Jan de, Dutch vice-admiral, v 162
Johann de, supporter of Oldenbarne-
veldt, ni 651
Haarlem, eiege of, in 235; surrender of
(1573), 236; restored, 248; cloth and
linen trade at, 631; Bemonstrants in,
651 ; William II of Orange and, iv 725 ;
and the Act of Seclusion, v 143
lake, drainage of, xi 664 sq., 668
Haas, de, Dutch painter, xn 249
HabibuUa, Amir of Afghanistan, xn 490
Habington, William, poetry of, iv 760;
768
Habsburg, House of, in 85; 386; 397;
450 ; 678 ; 684 sqq., 717 sq. ; claim of, on
Naples, 465; and Bohemian succession,
IV 15 sq.; 129; 135 sq.; 141; French
policy and, 144 sq., 157, 369 sq., 372 ;
maritime designs of, 190 sqq. ; Spanish
branch of, and Gustavus Adolphus, 208 ;
364; Pope Urban VIII and policy of,
365; 400; and Elsass, 405 sqq. ; Hanse
Towns and, 414; 415; Protestantism
and, 416; 417; 425; 426; Polish ques-
tion and, 429, 433; Mazarin and, 430
sq.; 623 sq. ; 631; 640; 643; 665;
Paul V and, 672; Eichelieu and, 674;
hostility of Urban VIII towards, 676 sq.,
679, 682 sq.; Frederick Henry and, 690;
Spanish branch of, 623-65 ; v 338 sqq. ;
1x248; 253, 309, 315 sqq., 341; Napoleon
and, 505; 591,660
Hacke, Baden Minister, x 344
Hadamar, and Luxemburg, xi 674
Hadden Big, success of the Scots at,
n 455
Haddick, General, ix 61; 62
Haddington, seized by the English (1548),
II 488; recovered (1549), 495; Scottish
Parliament at, ni 262; Cope at, vi 113
Haddock, Nicholas, Admiral, vi 66 sq. ; 157 ;
236
Hadersleben, Prussians at, xi 167
Hadik, Count Andreas von Futak, Austrian
Field-marshal, vi 268 ; 292 sq.
Hadj, pilgrims from the, xn 452
Hadjach, Ukrainian fortress, v 600
Haebelin, leader of the Peasants' Bising,
n 179
Haffelin, Baron Easimir von, Bavarian
Minister in Borne, x 146
Handel, George Frederick, vi 19; 43
Hanlein, von, Prussian diplomatist, x 348
Haring, Wilhelm (Wilibald Alexis), novelist,
XI 417 ; 420
Hausser, Ludwig, German historian, xn 827
Haffs, The, v 629; 652
Hafiz Behmat Khan, Eohilla chief, vi
669 sq.
Pasha, invades Syria, x 561
Hagelanden, Boreel van, Dutch politician,
XI 663
Hagelburg redoubt, vi 197
Hagelsberg, Girard at, ix 526
Hagen, Steven van der, m 638
Hagenau, Compact of (1505), i 127; Con-
ference at (1540), n 645 ; the Compromise
of (1604), in 709 ; Mansfeld at, iv 78, 80 ;
406 ; Allied sovereigns at, x 45
Hagenbach, Peter von, i 390
Hagerup, G. F., Norwegian statesman, xn
286 sq.
Hague, The, Peace Conferences at (1607),
in 540, 558, 640 sq. ; Oldenbarneveldt an
advocate at, 624; Cloister Church at,
seized for Contra-Bemonstrants, 650;
Buckingham at, iv 262; Concert, the
First, 432; Second, t6., 541; missions of
Korfits Ulfeld to, 573 sq.; 587 sq.;
Frederick Henry at, 693; Henrietta
Maria at, 702; 714; Prince William II
at, 726 sq. ; peace negotiations in (1613,
1615), 736; Sir William Boswell at, 749;
Coalition of (1672), v 43; murder of
the brothers de Witt at, ih., 159;
"Association" formed at (1683), 49;
English embassy to, 138; Prince of
Orange at, 156; Treaty of Partition
signed at (1698), 384; Grand Alliance
signed at (1701), 397 sq., 403, 437; peace
negotiations at (1709), 422 sq., 427, 432;
Treaty of Guarantee (1681), 577 ; George I
at, VI 18; 26; 324; conference at (1760),
343; occupied by the French, vni 436;
Treaty of (1794), 543 sqq., 550; Prince
of Orange enters (1813), ix 550; risings
at, X 517; administration at, 525;
Supreme Court of Appeal at, 533 ; treaty
signed at (1842), 544; P6ace Conference
at (1899), xn 133, 247, 715, 719 sq.,
722 sqq. ; Peace Conference at (1907), 1,
4, 56, 133, 701, 716, 719 sq., 723 sqq.,
729 ; Permanent Court of Arbitration at,
12, 289, 617, 695, 723, 725 sqq.
Haguenau, Coigni's troops in, vi 240
Haicheng, Japanese army at, xn 589
Haidar Ali, ruler of Mysore, vi 549 ; 567 ;
576; death of, 469, 577; ix 723 sq.
Haidarabad, kingdom of, founded, vi 524,
632 ; the French at, 540 ; 541 ; Bussy at,
543; 546; 567; xi 734; 736; Outram's
defence of, 737; 743
Nizam of (1766), vi 667
Nizam of (1818), xi 727
Nizam Ali of, relations of, with
Tipu, 1x710; 714; with Cornwallis, 715;
power of, 717; war with the Marathas,
720; power of, 721 sqq.; 731
Haileybury College, closed as Indian Civil
Service College, xi 751
Hainault, Philip the Good accepted by,
I 419 sq. ; Margaret of Valois in, m 34 ;
380
General Index.
and the Treaty of Pyrenees, iv 620;
Louis XIV and, v 36; 50; 200; Estates
of, VI 652 ; Walloons in, x 621 ; agitation
in (1828), 530; agriculture in, 731, 750;
coal-mining in, 755 sq.
Hainault, William VI, Count of {and of
Holland, Zealand and Friesland), 1 418 sq.
Hainkoi, pass of, xn 388
Hainspacii, Prince Henry of Prussia at,
VI 705
Haiphong, captured by the French, xn
525
Haiti. See San Domingo
Hai-Yang, naval engagement off, xn 611
Hajji Dimitr, Bulgarian leader, xi 638
Loja, at Sarajevo, xii 400
HaMm, Mirza, son of the Emperor Hum&.
yun, VI 612
Hakluyt, Kichard, Voyages of, Spanish
influence upon, ni 648
Hakodate, Japanese port, xi 829 sq. ; opened
to foreign trade, 833 ; 841 ; 843
Hakon VI, King of Norway, married to
Margaret of Denmark, n 600
Hal, taken by the French (1691), v 59;
General Colville at, ix 632
Halberstadt, see of, iv 91, 111 sqq., 407;
Wallenstein in, 94 ; 111 sqq. ; 407 ;
bishopric of, v 642 ; taxation in, vi 221 ;
Prussian forces near, 265; 266; 267;
269; 339
Christian, Bishop of. See Bruns wick-
Wolf enbiittel, Duke Christian of
Hald. See Frederikshald
Haldane, Richard Burdon, Secretary for
War, and army reform, xu 60
Haldimand, Sir Frederick, lieutenant-
general. Governor of Canada, ix 741;
747; X 687
Hale, John, Vicar of Isleworth, executed,
n 442
John Parker, American statesman,
vii 399
Sir Matthew, Lord Chief Justice, v
96; 201
Haleby, Ibrahim, Code of Law made by,
I 98
Halepa, Pact of, xn 418 sq.
Hales, Sir Edward, Governor of Dover,
V 233
John, Discourse of the Common WeaL
I 526; u 490 sqq.
John, Canon of Windsor {the Ever-
memorable), Laud supported by, iv 280;
V 332; 744; 747
Halifax, founding of, vn 115, 121 ; Loudon
at, 128 sq.; Boscawen at, 133; Howe
retreats to (1776), 172
Charles Montagu, Earl of (2nd cr.),
and the national finances, v 265 sqq.;
and the currency, 269 ; and the Bank of
England, 270; 274; impeachment of,
275; 461 sq.; 466 sq.; Earl of Oxford
and, 470, 474; 700; vi 12; 45; 56
Charles Wood, Viscount, xi 14 sq.
Halifax, George Montagu Dunk, 2nd Earl of
(3rd cr.), vi 424; 425; First Lord of the
Admiralty, 427; 428; 430; and John
Wilkes, 432; and the Eegency Act,
434; 442; Lord-lieutenant of Ireland,
489, 492; death of, 444
George Savile, 1st Marquis of, v
136; 208; 210; 213; opposes the Non-
resisting Test, 216; 222; 224; and
Shaftesbury, 225; opposes the Exclu-
sion Bill, 226 ; 227 sq. ; and the muni-
cipal charters, 229 ; 230 ; and James II,
231, 262 ; dismissal of, 232, 260 ; Letter
to a Dissenter of, 235, 239, 335 ; Anatomy
of an Equivalent of, 336; 337; and
Dykvelt, 240; and invitation to William
of Orange, 242; at Council of Peers,
247; 249; and Revolution settlement,
249 sq. ; 252 ; 255 sqq. ; Lord Privy Seal,
968; 277
Halil Pasha, x 651
Halim Pasha, proposed as Khedive, xn 444
Halkett, Sir Colin, General, at Waterloo,
IX 639
Hall, Carl Christian, Danish statesman,
XI 696
Charles, Effects of Civilisation, x
780
Charles, American Arctic explorer,
xn 815
Edward, in 374
Floris Adrian van, Dutch Minister
of Finance, xi 662; 665 sq.; 668
Robert, Baptist, vni 764
Hallam, Arthur Henry, xi 350
Henry, historian, xn 834; 836 sq.
Halland, ceded to Sweden (1645), iv 572;
Treaty of Roeskilde and, 586; v 669
Halle (on the Saale), Catholic Confedera-
tion at (1533), n 220, 232; Cartesian
philosophy at, iv 791; League of (1533),
v 626; University of, 670, vi 226, ix
327, 411, X 355; v 760; military drill
at, VI 216; Austrian troops in, 295;
Bliicher at, ix 532; meeting of Old
Liberals in, xi 461
Halleck, Henry Wager, American general,
vn 480 sq., 483 sq.; on the Mississippi
(1861), 492 sq., 495 sq.; transferred to
Washington, 500 sq., 506, 532; 583
Haller, Albrecht von, Swiss scholar, vi
625; 827; xi 260
Berthold, Zwinglian reformer, n 315,
327
Emmanuel de, French commis-
sioner, viii 637
• Karl Ludwig von, Swiss writer, vin
782; political doctrines of, x 160; con-
version of, to Rome, 380; Restoration of
Political Science, 370 ; xn 826
Hallett, Holt S., explores the river Menam,
xn 797
Halley, Edmund, astronomer, v 719; 721
sq.
Hallier, Comte du. See L'Hospital
General Index,
381
Hallom, John, in Pilgrimage of Grace, n
447
Hallue river, battle of, xi 607, 610
Halma, Nicolas, librarian to the Empress
Josephine, xii 829
Hahnstad, Diet at (1678), v 572
Hals, Frans, Dutch painter, iv 723
Ham, given up to France (1559), ii 94;
castle of, in 669 sq., xi 286
Hamah, Turkish defeat at (1832), x 550
Hamann, Johann Georg, x 386
Hambach, revolutionary demonstration at
(1832), X 375, 377
Hamburg, English Merchant Adventurers
at, IV 8; and Christian of Denmark,
89 ; 91 ; neutral, 99 ; and Spanish trade,
105; designs of Christian IV on, 194;
negotiations at, 373, 376 sq., 378, 380,
383, 396 sqq., 402; blockade of (1643),
387; trade of, 419 sq., v 646; ix 41;
Danish forces in, 48 sqq.; seizure of
British envoy at (1804), 249; ceded to
Prussia, 264; Mortier captures (1806),
282; Bernadotte at, 296, 324 ; 364; trade
of, 374, 377 sq. ; municipal patriotism of,
409 ; abandoned by Eugene Beauharnais
(1813), 514; by Walhnoden, 520; isolated,
530; besieged by Bernadotte (1813), 544;
a free city, x 341; and the Customs*
Union, 373; Bank of, 746; cotton
shipped to, 759; revolutionary move-
ment in, XI 151; 227; shipping trade
of, xn 156
Hamelin, Philibert, French reformer, n
292
West Indian buccaneer, v 691
Hameln, siege of, ix 263
Hames, Nicholas de, m 201 sq.
Hami, caravan route to, xn 793 ; 799 ; 802
Hamilton (Lanarkshire), recusants at, v
285
(Ontario), industries of, xn 612
the House of, in 275, 277
Alexander, American statesman and
commander-in-chief, legal arguments of,
Vol. vn, Chap, tl passim-, 231, 244; and
the Constitutional Convention, Chap, viii
passim; 316, 355, 692, 699, 730; x 280
Andrew, colonial governor, vii 48
Anthony, and Charles II, v 124
Emma Lyon, Lady, wife of Sir
William Hamilton, vni 648 sqq. , 659 ; ix
229
Lord George, Earl of Orkney. See
Orkney
Henry, Lieutenant-Governor of the
North- West, vn 222
James, 3rd Marquis and 1st Duke of,
at Stettin, iv 203; 209; 347; Scottish
army and, 349 ; at Preston, 350, 507 sq.
Boyal Commissioner, 498 sq.; presides
over General Assembly at Glasgow, 500
502; 503; "Plotters" and, 505
James Douglas, 4th Duke of, v 297
VI 92 sq.
c. M. H.
Hamilton, John, Archbishop of St Andrews,
n 558, 595
Patrick, Scottish Protestant martyr,
u 555 sq.
Eichard, in Ireland, v 307 sqq.
Sir William, metaphysician, vi 811
Sir William, British Minister at
Naples, vin 621, 631 sq., 650 sqq.,
658 sq.
William Douglas, 3rd Duke of, v
291 sq.
Count, general, in Pomerania, yi
280; 287
Hamilton's Horse, vi 112; 114
Hamm, taxation in, vi 221
Hammer-Purgstall, Baron Joseph von.
History of the Ottomans, xn 829
Hammond, Colonel Robert, Charles I and,
IV 346
Hampden, Henry B. W. Brand, 1st Vis-
count, Speaker of the House of Commons,
xn 38 ; 79
John, IV 266 sq. ; ship-money
and, 283; 287; 289; 291; Eoot-and-
Branch petition and, 292; impeachment
of, 297; 504
John, the younger (grandson of the
above), v 229; 259
John Hampden Trevor, 3rd Viscount,
British ambassador at Turin, vm 559
Renn Dickson, Bishop of Hereford,
XI 18
Hampshire, "Bloody Assizes" in, v 232
Hampton (New Hampshire), founded, vn 21
Court, Elizabeth at, n 535; Treaty
(1543) with Charles V, confirmed at, 457 ;
Treaty of (1562), between Elizabeth and
Cond6, 584; reception of Tyrone by
James I at, m 611
Court Conference (1604), in 553, v
743, vn 12
Roads, the Monitor and the Merri-
mac in, vn 472, 496, 561; 530; peace
negotiations at (1865), 536, 601
Hamsa, General of the Sultan Moham-
med II, I 70
Hamza Pasha, Turkish envoy, i 82
Han river, Japanese gunboat in, xn 558
Hanau, besieged by Imperialists, iv 370
sq. ; Pragmatic army at, vi 238 ; French
occupation of, ix 408; incorporated in
Grand Duchy of Frankfort, 414 ; Liberal
movement at, xi 146 sq. ; 229
Hancock, John, Boston merchant, yn 153
Thomas, n 480
Winfield Scott, American general,
vn 652
Handasyde, lieutenant-general, in Scot-
land, VI 114 sq.
Haner, German reformer, suggests Mar-
burg Conference, n 333
Hangohow, opened to trade, xn 612
Hangest, Charles and Jean de. See Noyon,
Bishops of
Hanikoff, P., Russian admiral, vnx 481
24
382
General Index,
Hauka, Vaclav, 6ech writer, xi 654 sq.
Hankow, captured by rebels, xi 820;
railway at, xn 605, 797; missionaries
murdered at, 508
Hannart, Franz, Chancellor of Charles V,
n 166 sq., 171
Hannecken, General, defeated at Wag-
hausel, xi 221
Hannen, James Hannen, Lord, and the
Behring Sea arbitration, xn 721
Hanoi, xii 131 ; French explorers at, 624 sq.;
796
Hanotaux, Gabriel, French statesman, xn
124; 343; 834
Hanover, Protestant Union in, iv 12;
Louis XIV and, v 42, 54; 432; and
Sweden, 607, 614 sq. ; and the third
anti-Swedish league, 610 sq. ; 612 ; 666 ;
Vol. VI, Chap. I passim ; 73 ; and Mecklen-
burg, 206; 207; 213; and "War of the
Austrian Succession, 231 sq. ; 235; and
Convention of Westminster, 251, 254;
252; 260; and Seven Years' War, 263;
323; French in, 266; 318; France and,
334; Austria and, 339 sq.; 355; 405;
Pitt and, 407 sq. ; George III and, 416 ;
703; Alliance of, 59, 141, 147, 395; Con-
vention of, 243; and the Filrsteribundy
VIII 282 sq. ; Prussifl,n troops occupy, ix
48 ; withdraw from, 50 ; French occupa-
tion of, 244, 249; Prussian desire for,
250; 251, 256, 262, 264; French army in,
252 ; Allies in, 263 ; annexed by Prussia,
265; 266, 270; offered to England, 271;
Mortier invades, 282; seized by Bona-
parte, 364; part of the French Empire,
408-9; British expedition to, 439; and
Congress of Vienna, 587; 592, 697, 609
sqq.; and Federal Act, 650; 654, 657 sq.;
and the Papacy, x 148; and Prussia,
341; connexion of, with England, 343,
354, 379 ; and the Germanic Confedera-
tion, 344, XI 220 sqq. ; political system
of, X 363; and Customs' Union, 373,
379, XI 53, 394; constitutional reforms
in, X 374 ; separated from Great Britain,
ih., 674; revolutionary movements in, xi
60, 148; 167; and Frankfort Constitu-
tion, 218 ; 227 ; and Schleswig-Holstein,
337; 454; and Austro-Prussian War,
452; 456; anti-Prussian feeling in, xn
137; 147
Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-
Liineburg, Elector of, reversion of see
of Osnabriick granted to, iv 408 ; becomes
Elector of Hanover, v 55; 244; 662; vi
2 sqq. ; 6 ; 19
George Lewis of Brunswick-Liine-
burg, Elector of. See George I, King
of Great Britain
Sophia, Electress of, v 251 ; and
Act of Settlement, 275; 298; 474; 662;
and Leibniz, 670; vi 1 sqq.; character
of, 5; and English Succession, 6 sqq.; 12;
death of, 17; 18 sqq.
Hanoverian Alliance (1725), v 550 sq. ;
565
Hanovertown, Grant at (1864), vn 619
Hanriot, Fran<jois, commander of Gardes
nationales, vm 273 sq., cashiered, 342;
361 sq.; arrested and executed, 370 sq.
Hanseatic League, decline of, in late 16th
century, i 292-3; quarrel of, with the
Netherlands, 456 ; settlement of, in
Bergen, 496; in London, ib.; loss of
Novgorod trade to, 502; Protestant ten-
dencies among cities of, ii 160; Eefor-
mation and social and political ferment
in, 227 sqq. ; the supremacy of the Baltic
and, 228 sq., 614; naval rivalry of, with
Denmark, 599; league of Dutch Eepublic
with. III 644 ; decay of, in the early 17th
century, iv 8; 106; concessions to, by
Treaty of Munster, 414, by Treaty of
Osnabriick, ib. ; v 623 ; and the German
Order, 632 sqq. ; 646; coercion of, ix 364;
Hanseatic departments and the French
Empire, 408 sq.; and Zollverein, x 379,
XI 53; X 747; and tariff uniformity, xn
156
Hansemann, David Justus Ludwig, Prussian
statesman, xi 63; 58; at Heppenheim
meeting, 62 sq. ; 159 sq. ; 191
Hansen, Mauritz Christopher, Norwegian
poet, XI 700
Hanyang, captured by rebels (1853), xi
820
Haouran, revolt in the, x 559, 661
Harbarovsk, founded, xi 273
Harbin, railway at, xn 344 ; 678 sq. ; 587
Harbord, Sir William, and the Irish re-
bellion, V 311
Harborne, William, in Turkey, iv 729
Harcourt, Frangois- Eugene-Gabriel, Due
de, mission of, to Gaeta, xi 121 sq.;
126
Henri I, Due de, Marshal of France,
ambassador in Spain, v 382 sq. ; 384 sq.
Henri de Lorraine, Comte de, in
Italy, IV 148; 149; in Catalonia, 699;
611; in southern France, 616;
Breisach, 618
Sir Simon, in Dublin, iv 624
Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount,
Chancellor, vi 16 ; 18
Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl, Lord-
lieutenant of Ireland, vi 494 sq.
Sir William G. G. V. V., Home
Secretary, xn 36; 43; 46; Chancellor
of the Exchequer, 49, 51
Hardee, William J., defends Savannah
against Sherman, vn 527, 629
Hardenberg, Charles Augustus, Prince of,
Prussian Minister, vi 728 ; vin 441, 644 ;
IX 249 sq. ; policy of, 256 ; 263 sqq., 282,
287 sqq., 296, 328, 329, 331; succeeds
Stein at Berlin, 336; policy of, 610;
512 ; signs Treaty of Chaumont, 577 ; at
Congress of Vienna, 680 sqq. ; 648 sqq. ;
proposals of, 663; at Conference of
Lord
General Index,
383
Aix-la-Chapelle, x 14; at Conference of
Troppau, 27 ; 50 ; in Borne (1821), 148 ;
and the freedom of the Press, 347; 349;
political views of, 350 sq. ; 352 sq. ; and
Wartburg festival, 364; and murder of
Kotzebue, 365; and Grand Duke Karl
August of Saxe-Weimar, 366; death of,
ih. ; XI 57 ; 59
Hardenberg, Friedrich Ludwig von (Novalis),
X 160; 398 sqq.; death of, 401; 402 sq.;
405; 407; xi 49
Hardinge, Sir Henry Hardinge, Viscount,
at Albuera, ix 467; x 611; in India, xi
738 sqq.
Sir John, Queen's Advocate, xi 387
Hardouin, Jean, French scholar, xn 817
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, Ist Earl of, vi
75; 404; 407; 424 sqq.; and Prussia,
427; 428; 435
Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of, Viceroy
of Ireland, ix 706
Hardy, Sir Charles, the younger, Admiral,
VI 376; 452; vn 128
J., French general, vni 476
Thomas, shoemaker, vin 760 sq,
Thomas, novelist, xn 13
Sir Thomas Duffus, medievalist, xu
835
Hare, Francis, Bishop of Chichester, v 429 ;
431
Hargraves, Edward Hammond, gold miner,
XI 795
Hargreaves, James, inventor of the spin-
ning-jenny, VII 374; X 735
Hari Bud river, and the Afghan frontier,
XII 477 sq.
Harington, Sir John, m 328, 611
Harkany, defeat of Turks at (1687), v
367
Harlan, Justice (U.S.), xn 721
Harlay, Achille de, ni 59
Harlay-Chanvallon, Francois de. Archbishop
of Paris, v 20, 24
Harley, Bobert, Earl of Oxford. See
Oxford
Thomas, missions of, to Hanover,
VI 13 sqq.
Harm an. Sir John, English admiral, v
192 sq.
Harmignies, William of Orange routed at
(1572), in 232-3
Harnack, C. G. Adolf, German theologian,
xn 847
Harueca, Dutch banking house of, vi 769
Haro, Don Gonzalo Lopez de, Spanish
navigator, vni 290
Inigo de Velasco, Count of. See
Frias, 2nd Duke of
Don Luis de (de la Paz), Duke of
Carpio, iv 660; at Elvas, 661
Harper's Ferry, John Brown seizes (1859),
vn 439 ; burned (1861), 454 ; Confederate
camp at, 464 sq.; 475, 481, 530 sq.
Harpsfield, Nicholas, n 501
Harrach, Baron Charles von, iv 73
Harrach, Ernest Albert von. See Prague,
Archbishop of
Count Joseph, President of Imperial
War Council, vi 204
Count, Imperial ambassador at
Madrid (1700), v 381; 391 sq.
Harrar, annexed by Egypt, xn 439
Harrington, James,Co77imonw?mif/io/ Oceana,
IV 544, VI 796 sq. ; founds Bota Club, iv
546; 556; and Bevolution settlement, v
252 sq.; 264; vi801; 813; 820
William Stanhope, Ist Earl of, at
Madrid, vi 32, 58; 61; 124; 126; 141 sq.;
145; 149
Harriot, Thomas, mathematician, v 709 sq. ;
714
Harris, George Harris, 1st Baron, general,
campaign of, against Tipu, rx 723
George F. B. Harris, 3rd Baron,
Governor of Trinidad, xn 653
Sir James. See Malmesbury, Ist
Earl of
Townsend, American Consul-general
in Japan, xi 831 sqq.; 836; 842; 853
Harrisburg (Penn.), National Convention
at (1827), vn 377
Harrison, Benjamin, President of United
States, vn 660 sq., 665 sqq.
Thomas, regicide, iv 437 ; arrest of,
4i7; VI 799
William Henry, American general,
vn 338, 340, 388; President of United
States, 389 sq.
Harrison's Landing, Federal retreat to
(1862), vn 479, 500; Lincoln at, 480
Harrow School, the New Learning at, i
682
Harrowby, Dudley Byder, 1st Earl of, sent
to Berlin, ix 263; leaves Berlin, 264
Harsch, Austrian Quartermaster-general,
VI 289 sq.
Hart, Sir Bobert, in China, xu 523, 527
Harte, Francis Bret, vn 747
Hartenau, Count. See Alexander, Prince
of Bulgaria
Hartford, meeting at (1814), vn 348
♦* Hartford Wits," The, vn 741
Hartington, William Cavendish, Marquis
of. See Devonshire, 4th Duke of
Lord. See Devonshire, 8th Duke of
Hartley, David, and taxation of the
Colonies, vn 162
Hartwell, Louis XVIII at, ix 501 ; de Blacas
at, 565
Harvard College, vii 727, 744 sq.
Harvey, Beauchamp Bagenal, commands
"Army of the People," ix 701
Gabriel, in 368 sq.
Sir John, Lieutenant-Governor of
Nova Scotia, xi 759
WiUiam, physiologist, v 725 sqq. ;
733; VI 792
Harville, L.-A. Juvenal des Ursins, Comte
de, French commander, viii 416, 421
Harwich, dockyard at, v 169
24—2
384
General Index.
Harwood, Sir Edward, Colonel, iv 696
Hasan, Uzun, Turcoman prince, i 78, 82
sq., 88
Hasanzai tribe, xi 743
Hase, Karl August, German theologian, xn
847
Hasegawa, Japanese general, xn 600
Haslach, Dupont retreats from, ix 254
Hasner, Baron Leopold, Austrian Minister
of Education, xii 185; 187
Hasper, Peter, ix 355
Hassan, Muley, ruler of Tunis, n 69
Governor of Bosnia, slaughtered at
Sissek, m 700
Abyssinian prince, xn 440
Hasselt, the Allies at, vi 246
Hassenfratz, Jean-Henri, French chemist,
vin 606
Hassenhausen, Davout at, ix 276
Hassenpflug, Hans Daniel, Hesse-Cassel
Minister, xi 228 sq. ; 232 sq.
Hastenbeck, battle of, vi 263, 341
Hastings, Francis Eawdon, 1st Marquis of,
in America, vii 229 sq.; in India, xi 724
sqq.; resignation of, 727; 730; 743;
750; 753
Frank Abney, Captain, destroys a
Turkish squadron, x 196
Henry. See Huntingdon
Warren, Governor-General of India,
VI 445; 465 sq.; 471; 559 sq.; 564; In-
dian career of, 566 sqq. ; impeachment
of, IX 715 sqq. ; and Free Trade, 733 ;
XI 731; XII 5; and Tibet, 490; 798
Hastwell, Sir Edmund, English ambassador
in Venice, ii 383
Hatch, Edwin, ecclesiastical historian, xn
847
"Hats and Caps," The, in Sweden, Vol.
VI, Chap. XXII
Hatsiise, Japanese battleship, sunk by
mines, xn 587
Hattem, Pontiaan van, and Spinoza, v
754
Hatteras Inlet, captured by Federals (1861),
VII 552
Hatton, Sir Christopher, ni 332 sq. ; 600
Hattorf, Philip von, Hanoverian Minister,
VI 20
Hatzfeldt, Prince Franz Ludwig von.
Governor of Berlin, ix 281; x 370
Melchior, Imperialist general, at
Wittstock, ly 372; 389; sent to Poland,
429
Hauer, Baron, Governor of Galicia, x 462
Haufif, Wilhelm, German writer, x 406;
XI 417
Haugwitz, Count C. A. H. Kurt von, Prus-
sian Minister, vni 534, 536, 543 sq., 635;
IX 74 ; 249 ; policy of, 255 ; 259, 262 sqq. ;
arrives at Paris, 265-6 ; agitation against,
272; advice of, 282; 329
Count Friedrich Wilhelm, Chancellor
of Bohemia and Austria, vi 639
Hauksbee, Francis, man of science, v 722
Haupt, Moritz, German philologist, xn
823
Hausrath, Adolf, German historian, xn
847
Hausruck, The, ceded to Austria (1815),
IX 658
Haussen, battle at (1809), ix 349
Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugene, Pre-
fect of the Seine, xi 303
Nicolas, French politician, vm 415,
422
Hautefort, Marie de, and Eichelieu, iv
150
Hauteval, French political agent, vn 321
Hautpoul, Alphonse-Henri Beaufort, Mar-
quis de, French general, xi 129
Havana, Spanish ships built in, in 520;
VI 64; 142; 346; capture of, 369, 426;
restored to Spain, 370; 428 sq.; 453;
the U.S.S. Mai7ie at, vn 676, xn 696;
Willaumez at, ix 234 ; naval fortress of,
X 248, 256 ; buccaneers at, 272 ; the trade
of, 275; General Prim in, xi 566; xn 18
Havelberg, fight near (1627), iv 100; taken
by Gustavus, 203 ; by Baner, 366 ; see of,
407, V 618; Peter the Great at, 612;
Treaty of, vi 206
Havelland, drainage of, vi 225
Havelock, Sir Henry, major-general, at
Cawnpore, xi 747 sq.
Haverman, Hendrik J., Dutch painter, xn
249
Haveron, Jean, Eector of University of
Paris, I 636
Havet, Louis, and the Dreyfus affair, xn 120
Haviland, William, general, vn 143
Havlicek, Karel, 6ech journalist, xi 656
Havre, Le, English expedition to (1562),
n 584, m 3, 6 ; Cond6 and, iv 612 ; 613 ;
development of, v 14 ; French troops at,
IX 208 ; trade in, 242 ; xi 15 ; threatened
by the Germans, 607 ; harbour works at,
xn 102
Havre, Charles Philip de Croy, Marquis of
(brother of Aerschot), m 245 sq.
Hawaii, U.S. treaty with (1884), vn 649;
xn 666; and United States, 667 sq.
Hawaiian Islands, the United States and,
vn 667 sq., 673
Hawick, Jacobite force at, vi 101
Hawke, Edward Hawke, Lord, vi 248; 250;
and the naval operations of the Seven
Years' War, 342a sqq. (in Vol. xiii) ; and
the battle of Quiberon Bay, 342c (ib.);
First Lord of Admiralty, 437 ; 444
Hawkes, Thomas, Protestant martyr under
Mary, n 338
Hawke's Bay, Province of, xi 799
Hawkesbury, Lord. See Liverpool, Bobert
Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of
Hawkins, Sir John, relief of Huguenot
settlers in Florida by, i 55; m 295-7;
300; 313 sqq., 492 sq. ; vn 2; x 253
Sir Kichard (son of Sir John), ni
301; VI 516; x 254; 278
General Index.
385
Hawkins, William, Mayor of Plymouth
(brother of Sir John), in 297; 493
William, in India, iv 741
Hawkshaw, Sir John, and Suez Canal,
XI 638
Hawkwood, Sir John, English condottierey
I 265
Hawley, Henry, lieutenant-general, in
Scotland, vi 115
Haworth, fortified, in 282
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, vn 745 sq.
Haxthausen-Abbenburg, Baron August
F. L. M. von, XI 266; 274
Hay, John, Marquis of Tweeddale. See
Tweeddale
John, Lincoln's private secretary, vn
577
Hayd, Khevenhiiller's force at, vi 235
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, painter, x 721 ;
the autobiography of, xi 362
Hayes. See Des Hayes
Rutherford Birchard, President of
the United States, vn 645 sq. ; xii 686
Haymerle, Baron Heinrich Carl von,
Austrian statesman, xii 192; 394
Haynau, Baron Julius Jacob von, Austrian
general, xi 95; 188; in Hungary, 209
sqq.; recalled, 215 sq.
Hayne, Robert Young, American politician,
vn 376, 381, 412, 414, 418
Hayti, attempted occupation of, ix 749;
abandoned (1798), 750; Bolivar in, x
293; Republic of, xn 7
Hay ward, George, geographer, xn 802
Hazara, Sikh possessions in, annexed, xi
740
Hazrat, Russian advance on, xi 630
Head, Sir Edmund Walker, Governor-
General of Canada, xi 768
Sir Francis Bond, Governor of Upper
Canada, x 692; xi 755
♦♦Heads of the Proposals," iv 343 sqq.;
353
Hearne, Samuel, at the Coppermine river,
xn 814
Thomas, antiquary, xn 816
Heath, Nicholas, Bishop of Worcester and
Archbishop of York, n 467; the first
Prayer Book attacked by, 484; 501, 521 ;
made Chancellor, 543; 564 sq., 568,
571
Sir Robert, case of Darnel and, iv
268; vn 34
Heathfield, George Augustus Eliott, Lord,
VI 379 sq. ; 452 ; vn 232
Hebbel, Friedrich, German poet, x 405;
407 ; XI 414 sqq. ; 420
Hubert, Jacques-Ren6, vm 234; Procureur
Substitut, 252, 262; arrested, 272 sq.;
838, 348, 356; executed, 362; Le Pere
Duchesne, 373
Michel-Pierre, French Minister of
Justice, XI 42
Hebrew learning, in England, in the Middle
Ages, I 590
Hecker, Friedrich Franz Karl, Baden
radical, xi 61 sq.; 145; 163
Heckerens, faction in Gelderland, i 423
Heckscher, Johann Gustav Moritz, German
politician, xi 166 ; 168 sq.
Hedenstrom, discovers New Siberia Islands,
xn 795
Hedges, Sir Charles, Secretary of State, v
465
Hedin, Sven, xn 280 ; travels of, 798, 804
Hedio, Caspar, of Strassburg, Zwinglian,
n 207, 328, 333
Hedjaz, pilgrims in the, xn 453
H^douville, Comte Gabriel- Marie- Theodore
de, commander of the ' Army of England,*
attempts to pacify France, ix 3 ; 13 sq.
Nicolas -Jean -Charles, Comte de,
French diplomatist at Frankfort, ix 414
Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp,
Queen of Sweden, consort of Charles X,
IV 578; 690; v 562; 564
Heeckeren, Baron Georges d'Anthds de,
XI 472
Heemskerk, Jacob van, navigator, m 632,
639
Dr J., Dutch statesman, xi 667;
xn 243 sqq.
Heemstra, Baron van, Dutch statesman,
XI 666
Heer, Oswald, German botanist, xi 260
Heeren, Arnold H. L., German historian,
XII 817; 823
Hefele, Karl Joseph von (Bishop of Rot-
tenburg), xi 719; 722; History of the
Councils, xn 848
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, n 714;
VI 827; 836; vm 773; x 361; 374; in-
fluence of, on German literature, 410;
XI 365; xn 135; 155; 847
Karl, German historian, xn 850
Hegius, Alexander, head of Deventer School,
I 435 sq., 461, 634; opponent of Luther,
n 168
Hegner, Ulrich, Swiss novelist, ix 427
Hegyes, engagement at, xi 211
Heiberg, Johan Ludvig, Danish dramatist,
XI 699
Peter Andreas, vm 788
Heidanus, Cartesian philosophy and, rv
789
Heideek, George von, n 270
Heidegger, John Conradin, Burgomaster
of Zurich, vi 615 sq.
Heidelberg, n 238; League of (1553), 274;
surrender of (1622), in 575, iv 80 sqq. ;
Calvinist refugees in, m 703; Univer-
sity and Library of, 713 ; Erastian Con-
troversy in, 758; theologians of, iv 5;
Dohna at, 24; 77; the Catholic League
at, 113; taken by Werth, 248 sq., 367;
Cartesian philosophy in, 786; sacked
(1689), V 56; University of, 628; ceded
to Baden, ix 94; secret clubs at, x 375;
school of romantic writers, 401 sqq. ;
political meetings at, xi 144, 162
386
General Index.
Heidelberg Catechism, The (1564), iii 164,
163, 646 sq., 653
Heilbronn, supports the Protest of Speier,
n 205; meeting of princes at (1594), in
714 sq., 722; Protestant Union at, iv 11
sq., 28, 69 ; Mansfeld at, 67 ; Alliance of
(1633), 142, 225 sqq., 234, 236, 243, 245,
broken up, 246, 247 sqq., 865, 399, 401;
Oxenstierna at, 682
Heiligerlee, battle of (1568), ni 223
Heilmann, Josu6, xi 301
Heilsberg, Charles XII at, v 593; Ben-
nigsen at, ix 290
Heimburg, Gregor, opposition to Rome and
submission of, i 624, 633, 680, 689
Hein, Pieter Pieterzoon, of Delfshaven,
vice-admiral at Bahia, iv 704 sq.; captures
Spanish treasure fleet, 706 ; death of, ib.
sq.; 750
Heine, Heinrich, x 376; 405; 410 sqq.;
influence of Byron upon, 726; xi 411;
ballads of, 413
Heinse, Johann J. W., novels of, x 388;
399; 403
Heinsius, Anton, Grand Pensionary of
Holland, v 257 sq.; 269; and Spanish
Succession, 384 sqq., 432; and accession
of Philip V of Spain, 395 sq. ; and Grand
Alliance (1701), 398; 403; and French
overtures for peace, 417, 422 sq., 427;
and Sweden, 691; vi 31; death of, 32
Daniel, Dutch scholar, i 579; iv
717; V 68
Heintzelman, Samuel Peter, American
general, vii 476
Heke, Maori chief, xi 793; 795
Held, Gustav Friedrich, Saxon Minister,
XI 149
Matthias.Vice-Cbancellorof CharlesV,
II 235 sq., 238
Helding, Michael. See Mainz, suffragan-
bishop of
Helen Glinskaia, consort of Vasili HI,
Tsar of Muscovy, v 487
Helena (Arkansas), Confederate repulse at
(1863), vn 505
Grand Duchess of Russia, xi 617
of Servia, driven out by Mahmud
Pasha (1457), i 70
Helfenstein, Count Ludwig von, killed in
Peasants' Rising, n 187
Helfert, Baron Joseph Alexander von,
German historian, xn 829
Helgesen, Povel. See Eliaesen, Paul
Heligoland, captured by England (1807),
IX 368 ; and the Continental System, 374,
381 ; ceded to Great Britain, 654 ; ceded
to Germany, xii 47, 167
Heliopolis, Turkish defeat at, vin 617
Hellenic movement, of early 19th century,
Vol. X, Chap. VI passim, 169-204. {For
the earlier literary movement see Renais-
sance)
*«Hellaland," discovered by Northmen, i
50
Helmfelt, Simon Grundel, Baron of, Swedish
general, v 669 sq.
Helmholtz, Hermann von, xn 785
Helmont, Jean-Baptiste van, chemist, v
730; 733 sq.
Helmstedt, Calixtus at, iv 424 ; University
of, V 744,
Helsingborg, recovered by Sweden, v 670 ;
Panes defeated at (1710), 581, 603
Helsingfors, vi 761; Gustavus IH at,
778
Heist, Bartholomaeus van der, art of, rv
723
Helvetia, project of kingdom of, ix 425
Helvetic Confederation, recognised at Osna-
brUck and Miinster, iv 410
Confession, the First (1536), n 339 ;
embraced by Lutomirski, ni 74
Republic, viii 639, 646 ; creation of,
IX 96 ; coups d'etat, 97-9 ; dissolution
of, 104; liquidation of debt of, 426;
effects of establishment of, xi 235 sq.
See also Switzerland
Society, vi 625
H^lv^tius, Claude- Adrien, French philo-
sopher, VI 826; viii 9, 24, 26, 29, 32;
farmer-general, 71; influence of, npon
Bentham, x 595
Helvoetsluys, Rupert sails from, iv 463 ;
Tromp sails from, 473; Herbert sails
from, V 245
Hely-Hutchinson, John {afterwards 2nd
Earl of Donoughmore), general, com-
mands in Egypt, vm 617 sq. ; diplomacy
of, IX 288; 693
Hembyze, revolutionary leader at Ghent,
m 248, 250, 252
Hemerken, Thomas. See Kempis, k
Hemmiugsen, Nils, iv 562
H^nault, Charles-Jean-Fran^ois, historian,
XII 817; 829
Henderson, Alexander, Covenant drawn up
by, IV 317 ; at Glasgow, 501
Hendrik of Zutphen, Prior of Dort, i 460
Hendrikszoon, Admiral Boudewyn, at San
Salvador, iv 705
Heneage, Sir Thomas, ni 619
Henley, Joseph Warner, President of
Board of Trade, xi 331
Robert. See Northington, Earl of
Henneberg, Berthold of, Elector of Mainz.
See Mainz
Count William of, accepts the
peasants' Articles, ii 188
H6non, Jacques-Louis, French Republican,
XI 304
•'Henrican Articles," The, iii 86 sqq.
Henrico, settlement of, vn 6
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, con-
sort of Charles I, treaty of marriage of,
in 577; marriage of, iv 129; 131; 258
263; 266; reconciled with the King, 272
Prynne's Histriomustix and, 279; 303
304; 306 sq.; at York, 311 sq.; 319
323; 328; 331; 334; and France, 336,
General Index.
" 387
338; 340; 488; Hyde and, 620; 642; in
Holland, 702; 773; v 93; jointure of,
95; 106; and France, 112
Henrique, of Portugal (Prince Henry the
Navigator), i 10; colonising plans of,
11-5, 17 ; death and will of, 15 sq.
Henriquez, Don Martin, Viceroy of Mexico^
III 296
Henry IV, King of Castile, i 352, 354, 379
IV, King of England, i 10
VI, King of England, i 427, 464, 641
VII, King of England, the Cabots
and, I 33 ; siege of Boulogne by, 111 ;
Italian League joined by, 118 ; Britanny
and, 393-5; 450-5; Chap, xiv passim;
n 555; m 580, 749
VIII, King of England, i 61; Holy
League joined by, 136, 366 ; at war with
France, 140 ; 456 ; Chap, xiv, (ii) passim,
580, 644; u 26; meetings of, with
Francis I and Charles V (1520), 42, 49;
52 sq., 56 sq., 67, 71, 75; invades France
(1544), 77 sq.; 220; allied with Liibeck,
229 ; the Lutheran Princes and, 238 sq. ;
death of, 82, 260; reign of, Chap, xin
passim; will of, ni 266; and Ireland,
680-7, IV 513 sq.
II, King of France, i 396 ; marriage
of, n, 26, 67, 219; royal credit under,
65; 76; 78; accession of, 82 sqq., 86;
invades Lorraine, 87; and the German
Princes, 87, 271; 199, 269; invades Ger-
many, 271 ; the French Protestants and,
292 sqq. ; 486 sq., 492 sq.; Scotland and,
499; 505; Mary Tudor and, 526; 545
sq.; Elizabeth and, 560; death of, 296,
674; Council of Trent and, 670 sq.;
included in peace of 1547, between Em-
peror and Porte, ra 120; 166, 184, 263
sq., 286, 399, 477 sq., 482
Ill, King of France (Duke of Anjou),
projected marriage of, with Queen Eliza-
beth, n 525 ; Duke of Anjou, iii 11 sqq. ;
King of Poland, 85-95 ; King of France,
24 sq. ; 26 ; and Catholic League, 31
sqq., 43 sqq.; 62; 170; 177; 238; 242;
and Emmanuel Philibert, 406 sq.; 414
sq., 430 ; 451 sqq. ; 501 ; 510 ; murder of
(1589), 47, 511; 597, 695, 710 sq.; and
Poland, V 494
IV (of Navarre), King of France, i
625; m 3, 11; heir after the Valois to
the French throne, 15 ; becomes King of
Navarre, 18; share of, in the religious
troubles in France before the death of
Henry III, 19-4^5 passim; Casimir's treaty
with, 711 ; won over by Emmanuel Phili-
bert, 406 ; recognised by Henry III as his
successor, 45 ; contest of, with the League,
47-52, 68, 70, 385, 397 sq. ; and Charles
Emmanuel, 415 sqq., 437; and Sixtus V,
451 sqq., 511 sqq., 540, 558; War of,
with Spain in alliance with the United
Provinces, 627 sqq.; and the Twelve Years'
Truce, 641-2; account of reign, policy
and character of. Chap, xx, 657-95; re-
lations with the Protestant Princes of
Germany, 711 sq., 722 sqq. ; the hero of
legitimism, 751 sq. ; assassination of, vi
2; and the Grisons, 41 sqq.; anti-
Habsburg policy of, 40, 50, 56; 57;
effects of death of, 118 sqq. ; 125 ; 129 ;
131 ; 137 ; accomplishment of designs of,
144; 152; 155; 624 sq.; 667; papal
succession and, 668 ; Paul V, Venice and,
670; V 72; 702; 744; vi 612
Henry I (the Fowler), of Saxony, German
King v, 617; 639
Cardinal, King of Portugal, in 499
sq.
Prince, of Germany, at Peking, xii
604 sq.
Prince Consort of Holland, xn 248
d'Albret, King of Navarre. See
Albret
Prince (of the Netherlands), in
Luxemburg, xi 674 sq.; xn 244; 433
Prince of Prussia, in the Seven
Years' War, vi 262, 267 sq., 277, 279,
287 sqq., 297 sq.; victory of, at Frei-
burg, 299; 324; 326; 357; 632; and
Catharine II, 678; 696; in Saxony, 703;
705 sq. ; 730; at St Petersburg, 668 sqq.,
731 ; 732 sqq.
Prince of Wales (son of James I),
in 558; iv 625
Casimir, Stadholder of Friesland.
See Nassau-Dietz
Frederick, Duke of Cumberland. See
Cumberland
Patrick, Virginian patriot, vn 145,
149; character of, 151; 161, 164; threatens
violence, 169; 303
Colonel, and the Dreyfus affair, xn
121
of Costessey, Commentary on the
Psalms, I 587, 591 sq.
Hentzi, Heinrich, Austrian general, xi 208
Henzi, Samuel, Swiss revolutionary, vi 625
Hepburn, James, 4th Earl of Bothwell.
See Bothwell
Heppenheim, Nationalist assembly at, xi
62, 144
Herat, proposed Franco-Kussian expedition
by way of, ix 48 ; xi 731 ; siege of, 732 ;
733; captured by Persia, 745; Sher Ah
at, xii 459; 465 sq. ; Ayub Khan at,
475 ; 479 ; caravan route to, 793 ; 800 sq.
H^rault, Eepublican rising in, xi 137
de S^chelles, Marie- Jean, member of
the National Convention, vin 249, 342
sq.; trial and execution of, 363; 375
Herbersdorf, Baron Adam von, rv 76
Herberstein, Siegmund, Baron von. Imperial
ambassador at Moscow, v 487 ; 612
Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torrington. See
Torrington
Sir Edward, iv 297
George, IV 280, 760; characteristics
of, 766 sqq.
388
General Index,
Herbert, Henry, Lord (son of Earl of Pem-
broke), marriage of, to Lady Catharine
Grey, n 610
Thomas, Earl of Pembroke. See
Pembroke
WiUiam, Earl of Pembroke. See
Pembroke, 1st Earl of
Sir William, in 600 sq.
Lord (1645). See Glamorgan, Earl
of
of Cherbury, Edward Herbert, Lord,
VI 791
of Lea, Lord (Sidney Herbert),
Secretary of the Admiralty (1841-5), x
667; Secretary at War (1845-6, 1852-4),
Secretary of State for War (1859-61), xi
2 ; 10 ; 21 ; 320 ; and the panic of 1869,
333
Herbom, University of, iv 789, 791
Herbst, Eduard, Austrian Minister of
Justice, xn 185; 201
Herbsthausen, battle of (1645), iv 390, 597
Herculaneum, discovery of, vi 596; 600
Herculano de Carvalho, Alexandre, History
of Portugal^ xn 843
Herder, Johann Gottfried, vi 827; 830;
832 ; vm 773 sq. ; x 383 ; importance of,
in German literature, 385 sq. ; 387 ; 391 ;
396 ; 400 sq. ; 404 ; xi 414 ; xn 817 sq. ;
849 sq.
H^r^dia, Jos6 Maria de, French poet, xi 515
Hereford, surrenders its charter, v 229
Hereros, The, rebellion of, xii 664
Heresbach, Conrad, n 236
Herford, abbey of, Elizabeth Princess
Palatine and, iv 786; Labadie at, v 756
Hergenhahn, August, Nassau politician,
XI 147; 198
Hergenrother, Joseph von, Cardinal, Anti-
Janus, XI 719; xn 848
Hericourt, success of Swiss at (1474), i
390
Herigonus, Petrus, mathematician, v 710
Herjedalen, acquired by Sweden, iv 572
Herman, Jakob. See Arminius
Hermandad, in Castile and Aragon, i 352
sq.
Hermann, Gottfried, philologer, xn 821
sq.
M,-J.-A., President of the Revolu-
tiouaxy Tribunal, vm 356 sq.
Eussian general, vm 662
of Hesse. See Cologne
of Eyswyk, Dutch heretic, i 460
Hermannstadt, xi 173; occupied by Rus-
sians, 206
Hermes, Georg, x 380 sq.
Hermogenes, Patriarch of Moscow, v 501
sq. ; 506
Hermonymus, George, Greek scholar, i 597
Hernad river, Gorgei at, xi 211
Hernandez, Julian, Spanish Reformer, n
406 sq.
Herrasti, Governor of Ciudad Rodrigo, ix
458
Herrenhausen, Treaty of (1725), ▼ 650,
VI 69
Herrezuelo, Spanish Reformer, n 407
Henries, John Charles, x 610
Lord (Sir John Maxwell), 4th Baron,
m 278
Herrnhut, Moravian community in, v 762;
John Wesley at, vi 82
Herschell, Farrer Herschell, Lord, xn 46;
86; 484; 721
Hersfeld, Tilly at, rv 86; Leopold William
secures, 112 ; ceded to Hesse-Cassel, 408 ;
Prussian troops at, xi 230
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of. See
Somerset, Duke of
Francis Charles Seymour-Conway,
3rd Marquis of, ix 270 sq.
Wilham Seymour, 1st Marquis of
{later 2nd Duke of Somerset), Charles I
and, IV 305 ; in South Wales, 308 ; 313
Hertogenbosch, captured by Frederick
Henry, iv 115, 691 sqq. ; 698 sq. ;
captured by Pichegru, vin 436
Hertz, Heinrich, and wireless telegraphy,
xn 787
Henrik, Danish poet, xi 699; 701
Hertzberg, Count Ewald Friedrich von,
Prussian Foreign Minister, vi 346; 648;
707; 709; 734; vm 293, 322 sqq.; policy
of, 329 sq. ; 333 ; and Poland, 525, 529
Hervet, Gentien, French scholar, i 619
Hervey, Frederick Augustus. See Bristol,
4th Earl of
Hervilly, Comte Louis- Charles de, vm
391
Herwarth von Bittenfeld, Karl Eberhard,
Prussian general, xi 452
Herwegh, Georg, German poet, xi 50;
413
Herz, Henriette, vm 773
Herzegovina, i 71; acquired by Turks, 73;
XI 533; insurrection in, 636; xn 3; 9;
rising in, 32 ; 172 ; annexed by Austria,
175 sq., 192, 211 sq.. 378, 400, 427 sq.;
198 ; insurrection in, 382 sq. ; 385 sqq. ;
Austria and, 389, 394; 390; Treaty of
San Stefano and, 392; Treaty of Berlin
and, 396 sq., 399 sq.
Herzen, Alexander, Russian journahst, and
Memoirs of Catharine II, vi 658; and
Kolokol, XI 625 sq.; xn 294; 296; 298;
302
Herzog, Hans, Swiss general, xi 257
Hesdin, surrenders to France, n 72 ;
captured by Charles V, 89; retained by
Spain (1559), 94; siege of, 420
Heselrige, Sir Arthur, impeachment of, rr
297 ; 449 ; Richard Cromwell and, 451 sq.;
army and, 645, 547 ; Parliament and, 548,
550; 557; v 94
Hesse, Brandenburg and landgravate of, v
627 ; and the German Empire, xi 465
Agnes of. See Saxony
Landgraves of, refuse Formula Con-
cordiae, in 704, 715
I
General Indeoo,
389
Hesse, Philip, Landgrave of, n 156, 169,
187; Peasants' Rising and, 189, 191 ; Pro-
testant League formed by, 195 sq.; breach
with Zwingli averted by, 204; Protest
signed by, 205 sqq., 211, 213; at
Schmalkalden, 215, 220 sq. ; invasion of
Wiirtemberg by, 224; 234, 236, 239;
scandal of second marriage of, 194, 240
sq., 241 sqq.; won over by Charles V,
244, 252-9; surrenders to Charles V,
261; imprisoned, 268, 275; 329; Zwingli
and, 333 sqq., 338; leader of Protestant
Princes, iii 157, 163; 193; and William
of Orange, 210, 222
William, Landgrave of, n 270 sq.
Hesse-Cassel, iv 66, 85 sq. ; represented at
Brunswick, 96; v 414; 435; vi 240; 242 ;
Convention of Westminster and, 254;
447 ; included in kingdom of Westphalia,
EC 336; rising in (1809), 356-7; 411;
military life in, 412; subsidy treaty
with, 672; x 343; and Germanic Con-
federation, 344, XI 221 sqq.; x 346;
reaction in, 363; and Customs' Union,
372 sq., 378; constitutional changes in,
374; the revolutionary movement in, xi
146 sq.; crisis in, 228 sqq.; 233; reaction
in, 397; 450; 454 sq.
Amalia Elizabeth, of Hanau, Land-
gravine of, IV 370 ; concludes truce with
the Emperor, 371, 379; consents to
neutrality, 383; 390; 392; and Peace
of Westphalia, 408; death of, ih.
Prince Charles of, vi 743; 756;
779 sq.
Prince Frederick of, xi 226
Hesse-Cassel, Electors of: —
Frederick William I, xi 60 ; 146 sq. ;
228 sq.; 231; 233
William I, receives Mainz territory,
IX 94; 273; deposition of, 278; at Con-
gress of Vienna, 582; 610; x 13; 19;
and the Diet, 346; 374; xi 209
William II, xi 60; 146
Hesse-Cassel, Landgraves of:—
Charles, v 55; 244; 403; vi 28; 59
Frederick I. See Frederick, King of
Sweden
Frederick II, vi 425
Maurice, in 713; and Henry IV,
722; and Protestant Union, 725; and
Gustavus Adolphus, rv 12; 25; at Heil-
bronD,28; 66; 67; 69; and Christian of
Halberstadt, 79; 82; 96
William IV, m 173 sq. ; 241 ; 711 ;
death of (1592), 713
William V, Gustavus Adolphus and,
IV 195; at the Leipzig convention, 200;
204 ; 208 ; friendly towards Sweden, 225 ;
247; 249 sq. ; Peace of Prague and,
255; 365; 368; and France, 370; loses
his landgravate, 371 ; and dies (1637), 401
William VI, joins Rheinbund^ ly
431 sq. ; v 743
William VIII, vi 266
Hesse-Darmstadt, and Protestant Union,
ni 725; and Turkish grant, iv 10; joins
France, ix 253; accedes to Defensive
Triple Alliance, 697; x 343; and Ger-
manic Confederation, 344, xi 221 sqq.;
X 362; and Customs' Union, 372 sq. ;
and Hanover, 380 ; xi 60 ; revolutionary
movement in, 144 sq. ; 163 ; reaction in,
397; 450; 454; and Austro-Prussian War,
457
Prince George of, at Congress of
Vienna, ix 682
Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgraves of: —
Ernest Lewis, v 403
George II, iv 114 ; and Saxony, 211,
252 ; administrator of Hesse-Cassel, 371 ;
and Treaty of Ulm, 391
Lewis V, III 731 ; iv 33 ; and Union,
69; 80; 84
Hesse-Darmstadt, Lewis I, Grand Duke of,
cessions to, ix 658
Lewis II, Grand Duke of, xi 60 ; 145
Lewis III, Grand Duke of, xi 145
Hesse-Homburg, and Germanic Confedera-
tion, X 343
Landgrave Frederick VI of, and
Federal Act, ix 651
Prince Lewis of, ix 638
Hesse-Philipsthal, Louis, Landgrave of,
defends Gaeta, ix 404
Hessels, member of "Council of Blood,"
in 216 sq., 251
Hessus, Helius Eobanus. See Eoban of
Hesse
Hetairia Philike, Greek secret society, x
176; 178 sq.
Hetherington, Henry, x 682 sq.
Hetzendorf, Castle of. Queen of Naples
dies at (1814), ix 384 ; Windischgratz at,
XI 188
Hetzer, Ludwig, German theologian, n
223
Heu, Gaspard de, n 297
Heuglin, Theodor von, African explorer, xn
811
Lutheran martyr, n 202
Heusenstamm, Sebastian von. See Mainz,
Electors of
Heusken, American interpreter, xi 831;
murder of, at Yedo, 841 sq.
Hewett, Dr John, execution of, iv 447
Sir William, Admiral, xn 441; 444
Hexham, General Wade at, vi 114
Heyden, Count, Russian admiral, x 199
Count, and Russian reform, xn 328 ;
365; 360; and the first Duma, 365;
Stolypin and, 369
Heydt, August von der, Prussian statesman,
XI 193; 230
Heylin, Peter, ecclesiastical writer, vi
798 sq.
Heynlin, John, Rector of University of
Paris, I 637
Heyse, Paul, novelist and poet, xi 414 sq. ;
417; 419 sq.
390
General Index.
Heytesbury, William A'Court, 1st Baron,
at Madrid, x 226; at Lisbon, 317, 321;
at St Petersburg, 474; xi 731
Haywood, Thomas, A Woman killed with
kindness, m 380
H^ze, Willem van Hoorn, Baron de, in 245,
251
Hicks, Thomas H., Governor of Maryland,
vn 453
William, general (Hicks Pasha), xn
440; 443
Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael Edward, later
Viscount St Aldwyn, Chief Secretary for
Ireland, xii 45; 46; Chancellor of Ex-
chequer, 52 ; 74 sq.
Hidalgo, Baltasar, Spanish general, xn
259
Manuel, x 303 sq.
Hideyoshi, and Japanese invasion of Korea,
xn 556, 564
Hierapetra, Italian occupation of, xn 423
Hierta, Swedish journalist, xi 685
Higgins, Dr, physician to Philip V of
Spain, VI 145
High Commission, Court of, under Whitgift,
m 342 sqq. ; and Laud, iv 278 sqq. ;
abolished, 291; v 234; revived in Scot-
land (1664), 283. See also Ecclesiastical
Commission
•'Highland Host," in Ayrshire, v 285
Highlands, iv 491 ; royalist rising in,
511
Higo, daimid of, xi 832; 852
Hikon6 clan, xi 851; 864
Hildesheim, see of, ceded to Elector of
Cologne, IV 408; 412; Alliance (1652),
425, 431; designs of Frederick II of
Prussia upon, vi 254 ; bishopric of, ceded
to Prussia, ix 78; acquired by Hanover,
658
Adam Adami, Bishop Suffragan of,
historian of Miinster Congress, iv 401
Hildreth, Kichard, American historian, xn
841
Hill, Benjamin H., Confederate senator, vn
605
General Sir Eowland, Visoount,
ordered to watch Soult, ix 468 ; in Estre-
madura, 471 ; and the bridge of Almaraz,
472; at Madrid, 473-4; ordered to Sala-
manca, 475 ; guards passes of Bonces-
valles and Maya, 479; victory of, at
Saint Pierre, 481
Sir Eowland, and the Post-office, x
679
Hiller, Johann, Baron von, at Eckmiihl, ix
350
Hillsborough, Viscount. See Downshire,
Marquis of
Hilmi Pasha, Turkish Inspector- General,
xn 426
Hilprecht, Hermann von, discoveries of, at
Nippur, XII 846
Himalaya mountains, xii 793 ; exploration
in. 798
Himbercourt, Sire de. Count of Meghem,
I 440 sq.
Himeji, Japanese noble, xi 832
Hinckeldey, Karl Ludwig Friedrich von,
Berlin president of police, xi 395
Hincks, Edward, Assyriologist, xn 845
Hindmarsh, Sir John, Admiral, Governor
of South Australia, xi 792
Hindu Kush mountains, xn 793
Hindustan, growth of trade in, iv 712;
power of Sindhia in, ix 719 ; British in,
726; 727
Hinojosa, Juan de Mendoza, Marquis de La,
IV 626
Hinschius, Paul, and study of Canon Law,
xn 847
Hinterpommern. /S^«e Pomerania, Prussian
Hiogo, port of, XI 833; 841; 853 sq.; 855;
opening of, 856; 859; xii 546
Hipler, Wendel, leader in Peasants' Rising,
n 184, 187 sq.
Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von, German
writer, viii 790
Hippolithus a Lapide, psetid. See Chemnitz
Hiroshima, xi 852; trial of Choshiu at,
854; Japanese army at, xn 610
Hirschberg, linen industry at, vi 721
Hirschfeld, Karl Friedrich von, Prussian
general, ix 526
Karl U. F. W. M. von (son of above),
Prussian general, xi 221
Hirzel, Bernhard, Swiss pastor, xi 246
Hislop, Sir Thomas, General, xi 726
Hispaniola, French in, v 687, 688, 690
Histoire litt^raire de la France, xn 829
Historische Zeitschrift, xn 827
Historisch-politische Zeitschrift, Ranke's, x
376
History, the study and writing of. Intro-
ductory Note, I 1-6 ; modern, sphere and
scope of, lb.; Machiavelli and. Chap, vi
passim, especially 199-218 ; Maximilian I
and, 326 ; in Spain, in the late 15th and
early 16th centuries, 381 ; Lorenzo Valla
and historical criticism, 546, 602; ec-
clesiastical, the Magdeburg Centuriators,
Baronius, etc., 608 sqq. ; indirect effects
of the St Bartholomew massacre on, in
62 sqq. ; Cosimo de' Medici and, 394 ;
influence of the Renaissance on, 473 sq. ;
Gibbon and, vi 837 : American writers,
Irving, VII 741 ; Hickling, Prescott, Mot-
ley, etc., 744 sq. : French, of the Restor-
ation, X 102 sq. ; from 1830-40, 513 sq. ;
in the 19th century, xi 523 sqq. : in
Hungary, 431; Italian, in the middle
19th century, 548 ; in Switzerland, in the
19th century, 261; see Vol. xn. Chap.
XXVI, Growth of Historical Science, 816-
50
Hitotsubashi, Japanese noble. Vol. xi, Chap.
XXVIII (2) passim
Hizen, daimid (Japanese feudal lord) of,
XI 825 ; 832 ; clan of, 863, xn 662
HIawsa, John, Hungarian Reformer, i 340
General Index,
391
Hoadly, Benjamin (Bishop of Bangor and
of Winchester), in 746
John, Archbishop of Armagh, vi
488
Hoang-ho river, exploration on, xii 798 sq. ;
803
Hobart, settlement founded at (1803), ix
740
Eobert, Baron {afterwards 4th Earl
of Buckinghamshire), Governor of Madras,
1X721
Pasha, XI 636
Hobbes, Thomas, ii 691; iii 742; the Le-
viathan, 747 sqq., 762 sqq.; v 254; 331;
661; 751; 753; and Spinoza, 754; Vol.
VI, Chap, xxni passim\ vni 6; xii 711
Hobhouse, Arthur Hobhouse, Lord, and
Sher Ali, xn 467
John Cam. See Broughton, Lord
Hobkirk HiU, battle of (1781), vn 229
sq.
Hobson, William, Captain, Governor of
New Zealand, xi 793
Hoby, Sir Philip, ii 495
Hochberg, Countess von. See Baden
Hoche, Lazare, vra 351, 380, 391; and
the Quiberon expedition, 392 ; commands
the Army of the Moselle, 427 sq., 432 ;
and the invasions of England (1796-7),
472 sqq., 497 sq., 508, 772; death of
(1797), 482, 497, 508 ; at Neuwied, 498 sq.
Hochelaga, settlement of, vn 71
Hochfeld, fight at (1638), iv 378
Hochkirch, vi 271 ; battle of, 289 sqq.
Hochstadt, Styrum defeated at (1703), v
408; 410; French victory gauaed at
(1800), IX 64
Hocquart, Gilles, Intendant of New France,
vn 103
Hocquincourt, Charles de Monchy de, Mar-
shal of France, defeated by Turenne, iv
613; by Cond^ at Bl^neau, 616; 619
Hodges, Sir G. Lloyd, Colonel, commander
of Portuguese force, x 326 sq.; 329
Hodgkin, John, suffragan of Bedford, assists
in Parker's consecration, n 572
Thomas, historian, xii 841
Hodgskin, Thomas, economic theories of,
X 781; xn 758
Hodgson, Bryan Houghton, xn 845
Hodson, William Stephen Eaikes, at Delhi,
XI 747
Hoe von Hohenegg, Matthias, Court-
preacher at the Saxon Court, iv 5 sq. ;
at the Leipzig convention, 200; 204
Hochst, battle of (1622), iv 81; Gustavus
at, 208
Hochstetters, German trading company ol
Augsburg, I 523
Hog, Justus, at Munster, iv 402
Hoeks, supporters of Jacqueline of Hain-
ault, I 420, 423, 445, 449
Holderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich, vm
773; poetry of, X 396; 400; 403
Hoen, Cornelius von, n 332 sq.
Hopken, Count Anders Johan von, Swedish
Chancellor, vi 762
Baron Daniel Niklas von, Swedish
statesman, vi 759
HSrschelmann, Governor- General of Mos-
cow, xn 376
Hoeschel, David, editor of Philo, i 613
Hofer, Andreas, commands Tyrolese army
(1809), IX 355; death of, 356; x 355
Hoffmann, Conrad, u 314, 320
Ernst Theodor Wilhelm (Amadeus),
X 405
Gotthelf, author of the Kutschkelied,
XI 413
John Godfrey, and Congress of
Vienna, ix 585
Weimar official, sent to Bernard of
Weimar, iv 376
Imperial Minister, resident in Eng-
land (1687), V 241; 243; 247 sq.
von Fallersleben, August Heinrich,
German poet and politician, xi 412
Hoffraeus, Paul, in 161
Hofmann, Alois, editor of the Wiener
Zeitung, vin 776 sq.
Melchior, Protestant revolutionary,
n 224 sq., 229, 611
Hofmeister, Zwinglian, preaches at Schaff-
hausen, n 327
Hofwyl, institute of Fellenberg at, ix 427
Hogendorp, Dirk van, reforms suggested
by, IX 754
Hogland, Isle of, battle off, vi 778
Hohenelbe, Austrian army at, vi 706
Hoheuems. See Altemps
Hohenfriedberg, Austrians repulsed at, vi
242
Hohenkrahen, capture of, by Swabian
League (1512), i 321
Hohenlinden, battle of (1800), ix 67-8,
181; Napoleon's account of, 761
Hohenlo, Count, Dutch general (1586), in
622, 625
Hohenlohe, Adolf, Prince von, Prussian
statesman, xi 410
Prince Conrad, Austrian statesman,
xn 203; 208
Georg Frederick von, with Thum,
IV 31; 65; ban pronounced upon, 68;
71
Gustav, Cardinal, xn 148
Hohenlohe -Ingelfingen, Frederick Louis,
Prince of, ix 274; commands Prussian
army, 275 ; at Jena, 276-7 ; at Buppin,
279
Hohenlohe- Kirchberg, Friedrich Wilhelm,
Prince von, Austrian commander, vm
408, 412, 419 sq., 423
Hohenlohe - SchillingBfiirst, Prince Chlod-
wig, Bavarian Foreign Minister, xi 719;
Chancellor of the German Empire, xn
166 sq.; 171
Hohenstaufen dynasty, in Naples, m 464
sq. See also Frederick II, Emperor
Hohentwiel, taken by Bernard, iv 375
392
General Index.
Hohenwart, Count E. de, Austrian states-
man, xn 187 sqq.; 192
Hohenzollem principalities, annexed by
Prussia, xi 227
House of, V 622; and Prussia, 616,
643; IX 330; 334
Anton, Prince von, Prussian states-
man, XI 406
Eitelfritz, Count of, x 323
Frederick of, Burgrave of Niimberg.
See Brandenburg
Hohenzollern-Hechingen, x 343; and the
customs treaty, 373; revolutionary move-
ment in, XI 150
HobenzoUern-Sigmaringen, x 343; and the
customs treaty, 373
Charles, Prince of. See Charles,
Prince of Eoumania
Leopold, Prince of, xi 462 sq. ; 495 ;
571; 578; 646
Hokianga, French mission at, xi 793
Hokutai, captured by the Russians, xu
696
Holbach, Paul Henri Thyry, Baron de,
VI 826; vin 26
Holberg, Ludwig, Baron von, Danish
writer, vi 739 ; xi 697 sq. ; 700
Holburne, Francis, Admiral, 3426 (in Vol.
xin), vn 128
Hoick, Count Conrad, and Christian VH,
VI 744; 746
Holcot, Robert, scholastic theologian, n
251
Holcroft, Thomas, trial of (1794), vm
761
EolJen, William W., vn 605; head of
the peace party (1863), 609
Holdernesse, Robert D'Arcy, 4th Earl of,
VI 406; 409; 417; 425; and Indian
affairs, 542
Holdich, Sir Thomas, xn 722
Holgate, Robert, Bishop of Llandaff, later
Archbishop of York, n 448, 452, 471,
521
Holinshed, Raphael, in 374
Hoik, Count Henry, Imperial Field- Marshal,
at Stralsund, iv 107; near Dresden,
219; 223; 231; 234; raids Voigtland,
235; 237
Holkar, Jaswant Rao, ix 725; war with,
727 sqq.
Malhar R4o, Maharaja of Indore
(1811-33), XI 726
Tukaji, and Indian politics, ix 717-9 ;
720
Hollabrunn, Austrian army at, v 361;
fight at (1805), IX 257
Holland (Province and State, hut see also
Netherlands), Philip the Good and, i
419 ; prosperity of, 420 sq. ; power of
gilds in, 428 ; m 16 ; countship of,
accepted by Orange (1584), 617; im-
portance of, 618, 620, 625; commercial
prosperity of, 630-1 ; 641 ; relations of,
with England, 644; and the exiled " King
of Bohemia," rv 70 ; represented at Miin-
ster, 401 ; admiralty of, 469, 473 ; 691 sq. ;
Frederick Henry and, 694; 697; 700;
Henrietta Maria in, 702; 705; King of
Portugal and, 714 ; and Treaty of Miin-
Bter, 715 sq.; 718; (State of) , philosophy
and art in, 722 sq.; opposed to William
n, 724 sqq. ; hegemony of, 727 ; Descartes
in, 779, 785, 787 sq.; (State of), shipping
and trade of, v 11 sq. ; relations of, with
the States General, 137; States of, and
peace negotiations with England, 140;
and Act of Seclusion, 142 sqq. ; financial
reforms in, 145; 146; and restoration
of Charles II, 148 ; and the young Prince
of Orange, 148, 151 ; the "Eternal Edict"
passed by, 152; 157; William elected
Stadholder of, 157; French Protestant
refugees in, 166; (and Netherlands in
general), and Spanish Succession, 275,
377 sq.; and Scottish exports, 288; 296;
378 ; and Peace of Utrecht, 439 ; (Nether-
lands), rise of Latitudinarianism and
Pietism in, 742, 744, 753 sqq., 757; trade
of, with England, vi 50; and Hanover
Alliance, 59; 60; 124; and the West
Indies, 186; 187; (Netherlands), and the
Powers of Europe, 202; 217; 246; 248;
308; 318; and Brazil, 389; 407; and
American trade, 448; and India, 546; 555
sq.; King Theodore of Corsica in, 609; 640;
703; Prussian intervention in, 709; 724;
773; Goldsmith and, 828 ; Anglo-Russian
expedition in, ix 41; Allied forces in, 56;
relations of, with France, 88-91, 252, 391 ;
annexation of, 141; naval losses of, 243;
Napoleon and, 364, 369 sqq., 416 sq.; the
French abandon, 550; and Congress of
Vienna, 605 ; Belgium incorporated with,
655, 668; 670; Vol. x, Chap, xvijoassim;
agriculture in, 730 ; roads and canals in,
745 ; common lands in, 749 ; emigration
from, 762
Holland, modern Kingdom of, oflScially
Kingdom of the Netherlands, Vol. xi.
Chap. XVI (1), Holland (1839-70), 661-8;
Chap. XXVII (3), The English and Dutch
in S. Africa (1815-70), 778-89; Vol. xn,
Chap. IX, The Low Countries (1870-1905),
243-50; and Siam, 534; historical re-
search in, 816. See also Netherlands
and the Batavian Republic
Henry Fox, Lord, vi 75 ; 403 sqq. ;
423; 424; 428; created Lord Holland,
429; 435
Henry Richard Vassall Fox, 3rd
Baron, vi 472; letters of Fox to, ix
676; X 512; 581 sq.; 600; and the Re-
form Bill, 610; 679
Sir Henry Rich, 1st Earl of, in
Paris, IV 263; and Hull, 294; 349
Holies, Denzil, 1st Baron Holies of Ifield,
IV 281; impeachment of, 297; 343; am-
bassador at Paris, v 109; 112
Hollis, Thomas, vm 755
General Index.
893
HoUond, John, naval writer, iv 462
John, Governor of Madras, ix 710;
715
Holm, Adolf, German historian, xn 845
Holman, James, traveller, xii 794
Holmby House, Charles I at, iv 340,
342
Holmers, Jan Frederik, Datch writer, xi
676
Holmes, Charles, Eear-Admiral, vn 139
Oliver Wendell, vn 746
Sir Bobert, English admiral, v 108;
African expedition of, 149, 179; 206
Theophilus H., Confederate general,
vn 505
Holowczyn, battle of (1708), v 598
Holstein, duchy of, at war with Denmark,
n 599; Christian IV and, iv 86, 97, 109;
invaded by Wallenstein, 101 sq.; Swedes
in, 387, 571 sq., 684; Danish army in,
V 587; 609; vi 736; 744; Bernadotte
in, IX 296-7, 303, 324; and Federal
Act, 650; and Germanic Confederation,
659, X 344, XI 223 ; 224 ; German troops
in, 439; ceded by Denmark, 442; Aus-
tria and, 449; Prussian troops in, 450.
See also Schleswig-Holstein
House of, refuses Formula Con-
cordiae, ni 704
Adolphus, Duke of, ni 151
Frederick I, Duke of. See Fre-
derick I, King of Denmark and Norway
Frederick H, Duke of, administers
the see of Hildesheim, in 157
Holstein-Gottorp, v 403; Charles XII and,
688; 611; Denmark and, 560 sq.; 579
sqq.
House of, and Sweden, v 562; vi
741 sqq., 761 sq.
Holstein-Gottorp, Dukes of: —
Adolphus, at Magdeburg, iv 202;
death of, 205
Adolphus Frederick. See Adolphus
Frederick, King of Sweden
Charles Frederick, v 550 sqq. ; 614 ;
VI 28; 37; 39; 741
Christian Albert, v 568
Frederick IH, iv 98; and the
Emperor, 99; and Torstensson, 387,
671 ; 578 ; King Frederick III and, 584 ;
Treaty of Eoeskilde and, 686 sq.; v 513;
658
Frederick IV, v 579 sqq.; marriage
of, 581, 587; death of, 581, 592
Holstein-Gottorp, Anne (Petrovna), Duchess
of, V 547; 550; 552 sq.; vi 311, 658
Prince Carl August of, vi 657 sqq.
Hedwig Sophia, Duchess of, v 580 ;
687
Princess Johanna Elizabeth of. See
Anhalt-Zerbst, Princess Elizabeth of
John Frederick of. See Bremen,
Archbishop of
Holstein- Sonderburg-Plon, John Adolphus,
Duke of, v569; 579
Holt, Joseph, American Postmaster- General
and Secretary of War, vn 447 sq.
William, ni 287
Irish leader in Wexford, ix 701
Holum, Jon Aresen, Bishop of, leader of
Icelandic revolt, n 621
Holwell, John Zephaniah, Governor of
Bengal, vi 652; 559
Holy Alliance, The, of 1815, ix 664 sqq. ;
X 9 sq. ; 16 sqq. ; 22 ; 39 ; principle of,
repudiated by France (1830), 120;
Cardinal Consalvi and, 136; 188; 195;
and Spain, 211, 226; President Monroe
and, 309; 371; 479 sq.; 725
Brotherhood. See Hermandad
"Holy Discipline," controversy concerning,
m757
Holy League, The (1511), i 198, 319, 366,
479, 486; of Cognac (1526), n 24
Holyoake, George Jacob, and cooperation,
xn 740
Holyrood, Mary Stewart at, m 273-4;
Chapel Koyal of, v 290 sq. ; Catholic
press at, ib.; James VIII proclaimed
at, VI 113
Holzapfel. See Melander
Holzhausen, fighting at (1813), ix 539
Homburg, and Germanic Confederation, xi
223
Home, Duncan, at Delhi, xi 746
Home Government Association, in Ireland,
XII 73
Kule. See Ireland
Eule League, in Ireland, xn 73
Homestead (Penn,), strike at, vii 707
Homonnay, Drugeth de, enters Upper
Hungary with Polish Cossacks, rv 31
Hompesch, Baron Ferdinand de, ix 40
Homs, Turkish defeat at (1832), x 650
Honau, battle at, xi 251
Hondschoote, battle of, vm 431
Honduras, vi 64; disputes in, 66; founda-
tion of, 183; 365; 367; British rights in,
370 ; 377 ; 380 ; 429 ; logwood cutting in,
464, 471 ; xn 672 ; Great Britain and, 686
British, government of, xn 656 sq.
Hone, William, trial of, x 579 sq.
Hongkong, xi 805 sq. ; 808 ; ceded to Great
Britain, 809; 816; 819
and Shanghai Banking Corporation,
xn513
Honoratus, St, and the Insulani, i 534
Honorius III (Ceneio Savelli), Pope, v 629
Hontheim, Johann Nikolaus von (Justinus
Febronius), vi 636; x 6; 145; 148;
doctrines of, 157 sq. ; death of, 158 ; 159
Hood, John Bell, Confederate general, vn
521 sqq.; at Spring Hill, 624; at Nash-
ville, 625
Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount,
Admiral, vi 453 sq. ; occupies Toulon,
vm 348, 457 sq. ; 454
Thomas, poems of, xi 353
Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon, Muiden Circle
and, IT 719 sqq. ; writings of, 721
894
General Index.
Hooft, Dutch politician, v 164
Hoogendorp, Gisbert Charles van, x 517
Bq. ; 622
Hoogerbeets, sent by Holland to support
Utrecht, in 651 sq., 655
Hooghley, factory at, v 698; sack of, vi
532; taken by the English, 552; 556
Hooglide, Austrian defeat at, vin 435
Hoogstraten, Antony van Lalaing, Count
of, ra 194; 204; 210 sqq.; 217 sqq.; died
(1568), 224
Jacob van, Dominican, i 460
Hoogvorst, Emanuel van den Linden,
Baron de, x 535 sqq.
Joseph van den Linden, Baron de,
X 535 sq.
Hook of Holland, vsraterway through, xi 666
Hooke, Nathaniel, French agentin Scotland,
VI 91 sq.
Nathaniel, historian, xn 817
Robert, physicist, v 722; 728; 735;
739
Hooker, Joseph, commands the Army of
the Potomac, vn 484 sqq.; at Chatta-
nooga, 510 sqq.
Sir Joseph Dalton, xn 773
Richard, m 329, 347 sq.; 742; 757;
762; 768; vi 795; 801; xn 707 sqq.
Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester, n 497
sq. ; promoted to see of Gloucester, 502 ;
539 ; trial and death of, 563
Hoorn, shipbuilding at, m 631
Philippe de Montmorency, Count of,
proposes league against Granvelle, m
192; 194; 195; 197; 200 sqq., 215 sqq.;
arrest of, 215 ; trial of, 219 ; execution of,
220, 222 sqq.
Dowager Countess of, m 218, 227-8
Hop, Jacob, Dutch envoy at Vienna, v
389 sq.
van der, Dutch commander, vin 287
Hope, Sir James, Admiral, xi 843
Sir James Archibald, General, ix 358
Hopes, Amsterdam financial house of the,
x743
Hopf, Karl, German historian, xn 845
Hopkins, Stephen, legal arguments of, as
to British and American relations, Vol.
vn. Chap, vi passim
Hopkinson, Francis, American politician,
VII 724
Hopton, Ptalph, Ist Baron, iv 304 ; in Corn-
wall, 308; 311 sqq.; 315; 318; defeated
at Cheriton, 322; at Exeter, 334; v 746
Horatian Ode of Marvell, iv 775
Hori, Japanese Commissioner for Foreign
Affairs, xi 844
Horki, Charles XH at, v 599
Hormuz, commercial importance of, i 28;
Portuguese factory at, 32
Horn, Cape, route discovered, iv 713
Arvid, Count, Swedish statesman,
V 542 ; 555 ; 593 ; Chancellor, vi 759 sq.
Bengt, Swedish general, v 570
Evert, killed at Pskoff, iv 181
Horn , Gustaf Karlsson, Count of B j orneborg,
Swedish general, besieges Dorpat, iv 185 ;
takes Kolberg, 196; 199; in Franconia,
208 ; captures Bamberg, 213 ; 223 ; career
of, 227 sqq. ; in southern Swabia, 238 ; at
Augsburg, 244; at Nordlingen, 245; 387
sq.; 571
Klas Kristersson, death of, iv 163
Home, John. See Tooke, John Home
Robert, Bishop of Winchester, n 568,
686, 593 sq.
Hornemann, Friedrich, African traveller,
xii 806 sq.
Horner, Francis, and Edinburgh Review,
IX 687; and the currency, 689
Horrocks, Jeremiah, astronomer, v 714
Horsens, proposed conference at, nr 567
Horsley, Samuel, Bishop of St Asaph, vin
763 sq.
Horsman, Edward, pohtician, xi 339
Horton, Anne {n6e Luttrell), marries the
Duke of Cumberland, vi 445
- — Thomas, at St Fagan's, iv 349
Horvath, Michael, Bishop of Csanad, xi
209; 214; 431; Hungarian Minister of
Justice, xn 189
de P416c, Adam, Hungarian poet,
XI 422
Hosemann, Andreas. See Osiander
Hosier, Francis, Admiral, vi 60 ; 142 ; 147
Hosius (Oslo) Stanislaus, Cardinal, Bishop
of Kulm and Ermeland (Warmia), n 631,
636 sq.; at Council of Trent, 676, 682;
m 79, 81-4
Hosiwu, engagement at, xn 520
Hostalrich, captured by Augereau (1810),
IX 457
Hoste, Sir William, 1st Baronet, naval
captain, ix 289
Hotel de Rambouillet, iv 777
Hotel des Invalides, established, v 19;
rioters at (1789), vin 164
Hotham, Sir Charles, British envoy at
Berlin, vi 210 sqq.
Sir Henry, vice-admiral, vin 459 sq. ;
1x226
Sir John, secures Hull, rv 299; 301;
arrest of, 313
William Hotham, Lord, admiral, vi
451
Hotman, Charles, m 42, 58 sq.
Francois, Letter sent to the Tiger of
France, n 297, in 70; Franco- Gallia, 62,
760
Hotta, Japanese Councillor of State, xi
831 sqq.; 836; dismissal of, 837
Hottentots, in Cape Colony, xi 780; re-
bellion of, xn 664
Hottinger, Nicholas, n 319
Hottinguer, French political agent, vn 321
Hotze, David van, Austrian general, vm
661
Houchard, Jean-Nicolas, commands the
Army of the North, vm 346; executed
(1793), 357; captures Frankfort (1792),
General Index,
395
414; 424; succeeds Kilmaiue (1793),
430 sq.
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, ix 134
Hough, John, President of Magdalen
College, Oxford, v 288
Houghton, Daniel, African traveller, xii
806
John, Prior of the Charter House,
n 442
Hougoumont, and the field of "Waterloo,
IX 632 sqq.
Houssaye, Henry, French historian, xn
834
Houten, Samuel van, Dutch statesman,
xn 246 sq.
Houtman, Cornelis, in 632; Eastern ex-
pedition of, IV 729
Hoverbeck, Freiherr von, German politician,
xn 146
Howard, family of, in 559-60, 566. See
also Arundel, Carlisle, Norfolk, North-
ampton, Nottingham, Suffolk and Surrey,
Earls or Dukes of
Catharine, Queen of England. See
Catharine (Howard), Queen of England
Charles, Earl of Carlisle. See
Carlisle
Lord Edward, i 479 ; killed in attack
on French fleet (1513), 480 sq.
. Philip Thomas, Cardinal, v 235
Lord Thomas, afterwards Earl of
Surrey. See Norfolk, 2nd Duke of
Lord Thomas (son of 2nd Duke of
Norfolk), attainder and death of, n 445
Lord Thomas, Ist Earl of Suffolk,
1st Baron Howard de Walden. See
Suffolk
William, Viscount Stafford. See
Stafford
of Effingham, Charles, 2nd Lord,
Ist Earl of Nottingham. See Nottingham,
Earl of
of Effingham, Francis, Baron, Go-
vernor of Virginia, vn 9 sq.
of Effingham, William, 1st Baron,
Lord Admiral, n 613 ; Governor of Calais,
517 ; defends London against Wyatt, 528
of Escrick, William, 3rd Baron, v
213; 229 sq.
John, philanthropist, influence of,
IX 693
Oliver Otis, American general, vn
626
Rhode Island loyalist, legal argu-
ments of, as to British and American
relations. Vol. vn. Chap, vi passim
Howden, John Hobart Caradoc, Lord,
mission of, to Buenos Ayres, xii 681
Howe, George Augustus, 3rd Viscount, vii
134 sq.
. John, puritan divine, and Declara-
tion of Indulgence, v 238 ; 332 ; 335
John Grubham, M.P., v 259
Joseph, Nova Scotia statesman, xi
762
Howe, Richard Howe, 1st Earl, English
admiral, relieves Gibraltar, vi 379 sq.,
452; and American War, 448, 451; First
Lord of Admiralty, 468; vii 212; viii
454, 465 sqq. ; and mutiny at Spithead,
476 sqq. ; naval victory of (June 1, 1794),
1X226; 737
Robert, American general, vn 218
William, 5th Viscount, vn 166, 168,
172; character of, 211, and American
campaign (1776-8), 212 sqq., 217
Howick, Viscount (1806). See Grey, Charles,
2nd Earl
Henry George Grey, Viscount (1839).
See Grey, 3rd Earl
Howley, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
x679
Hoya, Count Johann von, commander of
forces of Liibeck, n 230
Hoyos-Sprinzenstein, Count Johann Ernst
von. Governor of Vienna, xi 175
Hrabowsky, Baron Johann, Hungarian
general, xi 180; 184
Hradschin, The (at Prague), m 701
Hsien Fdng, Chinese Emperor, xn 501;
503
Hsiuyen, Chinese retreat from, xn 511;
587
Hua, Eustache-Antoine, French deputy,
viu 213
Huber, Alfons, German historian, xn 829
Aloysius, French revolutionary, x
601; XI 104; 109
Hubertusburg, Peace of, vi 300, 346, 428,
430, 663, 702, 710, 713, 715, 720, 725,
729
Hubmaier, Balthasar, reformer, n 178
Hue, Evariste, in Tibet, xn 797 sq.; 803
sq.; 808
Hudde, Johan, opposes the Prince of
Orange, v 165
Huddersfield, riots at, x 578, xi 2
Huddlestone, John, and Charles II, v
230
Hudelist, Josef von, at Congress of Vienna,
1x583
Hudson, River, fighting on (1776), vn 212;
220; steamboats on, 351 ; 360
Michael, royalist divine, vi 798
Hudson's Bay, settlements on, v 442;
French occupation of, vn 89; railway
schemes and, xn 608
Bay Company, v 63; vi 179; jx 747;
xn 608 sq.
Bay Territory, ceded to Canada,
XI 776; 777
Hu6, French occupation of, xn 526
Hiibner, Count Joseph Alexander von, xi
190; Austrian ambassador at Paris, 381
Hiihnerwasser, Austrian repulse at, xi 453
Hiiningen, French army at, v 406; 425;
besieged by Wrede (1813), ix 544 ; fortifi-
cations of, rased, 664
Huescar, Duke of, mission of, to Paris,
VI 161; 364
396
General Index.
Huet, Peter Daniel {afterwards Bishop of
Avranches), i 616
Hughes, Sir Edward, Admiral, vi 454; 469 ;
677
Thomas, and cooperation, xn 740
Hugo, Gustav, German historian, xn 818
Victor, VI 828; 831 sq. ; 834; x
88; 101 sq.; 130; 499; 614 sq.; and
Sir Walter Scott, 726; xi 24; 127; and
Montalembert, 131 ; 134 ; and Coup d*etat
of December, 136; 365; influence of, on
Hungarian literature, 427; the writings
of, 507 sqq., 515, 519, 522, 528, xn
831
Hugonet, Chancellor (of Mary of Bur-
gundy), 1 440 sq.
Hugue, Clovis, French socialist, xn 124
Huguenin, Sulpice, revolutionary, vm 234
Huguenots, see Vol. n. Chap, ix, The
Eeformation in France, 280-304; 346
sqq. ; see Vol. in, Chap, i, Wars of Ke-
ligion in France, 1-52 ; Chap, ii, French
Humanism, passim, 53-72; Chap, xx,
Henry IV of France, passim, 657-95;
for the theoretical side of the movement
see Chap, xxii especially 760 sqq.;
embassy of, to Germany, 164 sq., 177;
appealed to by William of Orange, 224 ;
265; and Savoy, 404 sq.; 491 sqq., 601
sqq. ; later relations with German Pro-
testants, 710 sqq.; Banke's view of
political position of, iv 691; Eevocation
of Edict of Nantes and persecution of,
V 21 sqq., 233; 74; 116; Bossuet and,
86 sq. ; in the Netherlands, 166; and
England, 233; in Denmark, 679; in
Brandenburg, 646; 685; vi 163; 188;
in America, vii 55, 88, 114 ; vm 52, 56,
108 sq., 141, 194, 734 ; Napoleon I and,
IX 203 sq.
Hueues, Bezanson, Genevese statesman,
II 362
Victor, recaptures Guadeloupe, ix
749
Huguet, Antoine, Constitutional Bishop,
vm 505
Hui-li-chau, Colborne Baber at, xn 797
Hulin, Pierre-Augustin, Comte, General,
IX 31; 144
Hull, the Commons and, iv 294; import-
ance of, 299, 300; Charles I and, 301,
305; Parliamentary stronghold, 313 sqq.;
774; merchants of, ix 375
William, American general, vii 337
sq.
Hulst, siege of (1591), m 626, (1596), 628;
victory of Guebriant at (1642), iv 386;
captured by Dutch (1645), 598
Humanism, rise of, i 532 sq. ; origin of
name, 538 ; 540, 564, 572 ; in Erfurt, n
111; breach between Keformers and, 168;
French, see Vol. m, Chap, ii, 53-72.
See also Eenaissance, the Classical
Humann, Jean-Georges, French Minister of
Finance, x 489
Humayiin, Moghul {or Mongolian) Emperor
of Delhi, m 117; vi 507; 510 sq.; 614
Humbert I, King of Italy, accession of,
xn 216; 219; assassinated, 223; 240
J. - J. - Amable, general, French in-
vasion of Ireland under, vm 476, 772;
lands at Eillala, ix 702
"Humble Advice, The," iv 359 sq.
"Humble Petition and Advice, The," iv
444 sqq.
Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, x 260,
268, 271, 278, 374; xn 797
Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von, vm
711, 773 ; Minister of Pubhc Instruction,
IX 326; 327; at Congress of Vienna, 580;
585, 609; and Germanic Constitution,
648-9; and French frontier, 664 sq.; and
Diet, X 348 sq. ; resignation of, 366 ; 393;
xn822
Hume, Alexander Hamilton, Australian
explorer, xi 790 sq.
David, VI 589 ; 817 ; Essays on
Political Questions, 819 sqq.; vm 769; x
770; xn 817; 836
Joseph, X 656 ; 662 ; and Orange
Lodges, 672; 675; 680; xi 3; and Trade
Unionism, xn 748
Hu-men-chai, Treaty of, xi 810
Humi^res, Jean de, Governor of P^ronne,
m 30
Hummelauer, Baron, mission of, to Eng-
land, XI 88; 92
Hummelberg, Zwinglian reformer at Ravens-
burg, n 160
Hummelshof, battle of (1702), v 690
Humphrey, Laurence, Puritan, n 592
Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson, American
general, vii 538
Hunan, anti-foreign feeling in, xn 616
Hunfalvy, Paul, Hungarian scholar, xi 431
Hung Sin-tsuen, and the "Taiping" re-
bellion, XI 820
Hungary, the Ottoman invasion of (1454),
I 69; (1526), 96; Solyman and, 93, 95
sq. ; internal decay of, 329 ; acquired by
the Habsburgs, ib.; compared with Bo-
hemia, 330 sq. ; provinces annexed to,
331 sq.; political structure of, 332;
mistaken foreign policy of, 343 sqq.;
658; Turkish wars in (1551), n 86,
(1529), 206 sq., (1532), 218 sq.; defeat
of, at Mohacs (1526), 61; causes of
defeat, 197 sq. ; Turkish conquest of
(1541-2), 242; treaty of Ferdinand I
with (1538), 236; Bohemia and, 197-9;
struggle between Austria and Turkey for.
Vol. ra, Chap, rv passim; Bathory's
design to unite with Poland, 103; under
Ferdinand I, 146-7; advance of Pro-
testantism in, 175; under Budolf II,
719 sqq.; Estates of, iv 1; Protestants
in, 2; and Peace of Zsitva-Torok, 8;
Ferdinand II, King of, 14; 23 sqq.;
invaded by Bethlen Gabor, 31 ; Bucquoy
in, 71; sectaries take refuge in, 75; 77;
General Index.
397
Wallenstein in, 98 sq. ; revolt of, against
Emperor Leopold I, v 35 ; and the
Turks, 36, 40, 49; Habsburg rule in,
52, 339 sq.; frontier of, 342; 343;
Turkish invasion of, 346 sq. ; Austria
and, 348; conspiracy in, 350 sqq. ; 355
sq.; conciliatory measures in, 367 sq. ;
Austrian successes in, 366 sq.; 368;
Turkish successes in, 369; and Peace
of Carlowitz, 371; 401; insurrection in
(1703), 407; 432; 435; and Russia, 482 ;
Turks in, 626, 661; religious intolerance
in, 743 sq. ; Hanoverian troops in, vi 4 ;
30 sq.; and Pragmatic Sanction, 201;
204; and Austria, 250; Frederick the
Great and, 277 ; Turkish victories in, 307 ;
507; Joseph II and, 626 sq., 653 sq.; in-
surrection in, 628, 655, 710; viii 293;
hostility to Joseph II in, 327, 329; in-
fluence of French Revolution in, 777;
Austro-Russian army retreats to (1805),
IX 261 ; Archduke John withdraws to
(1809), 355; revolt (1849) in, x 39;
Germanic Confederation and, 343; and
Austria, 356, 371; 382; literature of
(1686-1900), Vol. XI, Chap, xv (3);
Palmerston and, 17; 47; Revolution in
(1848), 93, 95, 152, 155 sq.; 170; Ministry
of, 172; 174; 178; relations of, with
Austria, 179 sqq.; Diet of, 180 sqq.;
Slav invasion of, 183 sq.; Austria
declares war against, 185; and the
accession of Francis Joseph, 190 sq. ;
200; progress of the Revolution in,
202 sqq.; Republic proclaimed in, 207;
and Italy, ih. ; and Russian intervention,
209; suppression of Revolution in, 209
sqq, ; reaction in, 216 ; customs union
with Austria, 223, 394 ; 285 ; Schwarzen-
berg and, 393; Austrian rule in, 398 sqq.;
402 sq. ; effect of "October Charter" in,
404 ; under leadership of Dedk, 405 sq. ;
456; and Italy, 531, 537 sqq.; xn 1;
6 ; 11 ; Chap, vn, Austria-Hungary, 174-
212; 842
Hungary, Palatines of. See under their
names, and compare List 136
Hun-ho valley, xn 593 ; 596 sqq.
"Hunkers," at U.S.A. Democratic Con-
vention (1848), vii 399
Hunsdon, Henry Carey, Ist Lord, in 6;
282; 291
Hunt, Henry, and the Radical movement,
IX 688; X 576 sq. ; 580 sq. ; in prison,
582; and Bentham, 598; 599; 615
James Henry Leigh, and the Re-
gent, IX 690; X 720; writings of, xi
361 sq.
Hunter, David, American general, vn 491,
530, 533, 587 sq.
John, Vice-Admiral, Governor of
New South Wales, ix 738
Robert, colonial governor, vii 49
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, Earl of, n
510; and the succession, 550, 582
C. M. H.
Huntington, Ellsworth, American traveller,
xn 803
Huntly, George Gordon, 4th Earl of, ni
262, 268
George Gordon, 5th Earl of, in 272
sq., 274 sqq.; 551
George Gordon, Ist Marquis of, and
Highland disorder, iv 491; 501 sq.
Marquis of. See Gordon, 2nd Duke
of
Huntsman, Benjamin, and steel manufac-
ture, X 733
Hunyady, John, saves Belgrade from the
Turks (1456), i 69 sq., 72 ; 335
Hurlbut, Stephen Augustus, American
general, vn 510
Hurons, The, Indian tribe, vn 75 sq., 101
Hurst Castle, Charles I in, iv 354
Hurter, Friedrich von, German historian,
xn 829
Hus, John, n 175; and Zwingli, 313;
V 633
Huse, Caleb, Confederate foreign agent, vn
611
Huskisson, William, and the currency, ix
689 ; X 200 ; 573 ; 584 sq. ; and colonial
policy, 585 sqq. ; financial and tariff
reforms by, 688 sqq. ; 593; 602; 618; xi
3; 762
Huss, Magnus, xi 688
Hussein Pasha, Turkish commander-in-
chief, X 549 sq.
Hussey, Thomas, Roman Catholic Bishop
of Waterford and Lismore, vi 377 sq.
inventor of a reaping machine, vn
695
Hussula, Swedish meeting at, vi 778
Hut, Hans, German revolutionary, n 224
Hutchinson (Anne Marbury Wheelwright),
Mrs, in Boston (Mass.), vn 17 sqq., 25
Lucy, Life of Colonel Hutchinson.
V 116
Thomas, Governor of Massachusetts,
VII 148 sq., 154 sqq., 159
Hutten, XJlrich von, and Epistolae Ob-
scurorum Virorum, i 673; attacks the
Papacy, 667; Julius Exclusus attributed
to, n 9; 32, 152, 155 sq., 314, 694, 696;
new edition of the works of, forbidden, x
370
Hutton, James, Theory of the Earth, xn 771
Huxelles, Nicolas du B16, Marquis de,
Marshal of France, v 427; 439; vi 31;
129; 146
Huxley, Thomas Henry, xn 772 sqq.
Huy, allied French and Dutch in, in 628 ;
taken by the Allies (1695), v 62, by
Marlborough (1703), 407, by Villeroi
(1705), 414; capture of (1746), vi 247
Huyghens, Christian, inventions of, iv 722 ;
V 713; Horologium Oscillatorium, 718;
722 sq. ; xn 781
Constantine, career of, iv 720 sq.;
Descartes and, 787; 794; and William
of Orange, v 167
25
398
General Index.
Huysmann, Roelof. See Agricola, Eudolf
Huyssens, tutor of the Tsarevich Alexis,
V 537; 595
Hwayuenk'ow, Japanese force at, xn 511
Hyde, Anne. See York, Anne, Duchess of
Edward, Earl of Clarendon. See
Clarendon
Edward, Governor of N. Carolina,
vn 37
Henry, Earl of Clarendon. See
Clarendon
Laurence, Earl of Rochester. See
Rochester
Lawrence, member of Parliament
(1601), in 357
Nicholas, Chief Justice, iv 266
de Neuville, Jean-Guillaume, Baron,
ix 13 sqq. ; x 91 ; 92
Hyde Park, Reform meeting in, xi 340 sq.
Hydra, Island of, x 196
Hypsilanti. See Ypsilanti
laroslav, Grand Duke of Russia, the Code
of, V 515
laroslavl, annexed by Ivan the Great, v
479; 502; 604
Ibarra, Don Diego de. Secretary in Belgic
Provinces, in 519
Ibell, Charles von, attempted assassination
of, X 366
Iberville, Pierre le Moyne {or Lemoine),
Sieur de, French Canadian, vii 88 sqq.
de, French diplomat, v 472
Ibrahim, Ottoman Sultan, and Rakoczy, rv
389; V 342 sq.; xi 275
Lord of Caramania, i 81 sq.
Lodi, Afghan Sultan, vi 508 sq.
Mameluke Bey, viii 600 sqq., 607 sq.
Pasha of Buda, v 362 sq.
Pasha, Grand Vezir of Solyman the
Magnificent, i 96, 101 ; in command of
Persian expedition (1533), m 104 sq.,
109; 112 sq., 120; fall of (1536), 113
Pasha (of Egypt, 1825), expedition
of, to Greece, x 181, 189 sqq.; and the
battle of Navarino, 196 ; evacuates the
Morea, 201 ; in Syria, 547, 549 sqq., 559,
569, 571; defeats the Turks at Nezib,
562; 565; xn 429; 447
Ibsen, Henrik, Norwegian dramatist, xi
699 ; 701 sq. ; xn 13 ; 281
Iceland, Bristol trade with, i 33; Breton
sailors and, 414; the Reformation in,
n 621; XI 683; Constitution for, 694
early law courts of, xn 712
Ich'ang, opened to foreign trade, xn 502
508
Idaho, and the currency question, vn 673
women's franchise in, xn 763
Iddesleigh, Stafford Henry Northcote, 1st
Earl of. Chancellor of the Exchequer,
xn 30 ; 35 ; Foreign Secretary, 45 ; death
of, 46
Idies Napoleoniennes, Les, ix 758
IdSologites, The, and Napoleon I, x 40 sq.
Idiaquez, Don Juan de, m 514, 626
Idstedt, battle at, xi 225, 695
If, Chateau, in 397; surrendered by Tus-
cany, 674
Ififland, August Wilhelm, German dramatist
and actor, x 388 ; 394
Iganie, Polish success at (1831), x 470
Igelstrom, Count Joseph, Russian general,
vm 541 sq., 645
Igis, Protestants at, iv 62; 61
Iglau, Bernadotte at, ix 258; Haugwitz
at, 259; Bernadotte recalled from, 260;
Archduke Charles withdraws to, 353
Igli, railway to, xii 129
Ignateff, Yakofif, confessor of the Tsarevich
Alexis, V 638; 541
Ignatieff, Count Nicholas Paulo vich, Russian
ambassador at Constantinople, xi 634,
xn 381, 386; Minister of the Interior,
304; 312 sq.; 317
Ignatius, Saint. See Loyola
Iguala, **plan" of, x 304
Iho Chilian, Society of Boxers, xn 517
li Kamon no Kami, daimid, xi 825; 829;
833 sq.; 836 sqq.; murder of, 841; 844
II fermo proposito, Encyclical of Pius X,
xn 230
Ilanz, IV 52; Jenatsch at, 54
Ilbersheim, Convention of (1704), v 411
Ilbert, Sir Courtenay Peregrine, xn 477
lie de Bourbon. See Bourbon, lie de
lie de France, towns recaptured in, iii 47 ;
government of, 668; customs of, v 13;
agricultural population in, vin 61
lie de France (Mauritius). See Mauritius
lie de Saint Jean. See Prince Edward
Island
lie Royale. See Cape Breton Island
Ilerda, Francesco Romolino, Bishop of,
I 184
Ilgen, Heinrich Riidiger von, Brandenburg
Secretary of State, v 602 ; 664 ; 667
Ilha de Villagalhao, French Protestant
colony at, i 48
Ili, Russian expedition to, xi 273
Illeshazi, Stephen, in 701, 721
Illinois, enters the Union (1818), vn 359,
386, 421; and the slavery question, 424,
601; election campaign in (1858), 436;
population of, 444, 695; in the Civil
War, 471; coal in, 704
Illuminati, The, vin 772, 776
Illyria, Napoleon's dealings with, ix 417-9 ;
condition of, 418; kingdom of, 660
Illyricus, Matthaeus Flacius. See Flacius
Thomas, French Reformer, n 291
How, Christian, Freiherr von, and Wallen-
stein, IV 239 sqq.; murdered at Eger,
242
Ilten, Jobst Hermann von, Hanoverian
statesman, vi 20
Imam Baksh, and the Holkar host, xi 736
Ghar, fortress of, xi 736
Imas, Governor of Badajoz, suiTenders, ix
462
General Index,
399
Imbert-Colom^s, Jacques, viii 509, 511
Imeretinsky, Prince, and Poland, xn 337
Imeritia, suzerainty of Kussia over, ix 386 ;
annexed to Bussia, x 413
Imitation of Christ, The, i 628, 641
Immaculate Conception, dogma of, xi 712 sq.
Immensa, Bull remodelling the Inquisition,
n 650
Immermann, Karl Lebrecht, x 412 ; xi 411
Immortale Dei, Encyclical of Leo XIII, xn
118
Imola, attacked by Cesare Borgia (1499), i
238 ; surrendered to Julius II (1503), 196 ;
riots at, x 154 ; Mastai (Pius IX) at, xi
72
Imperial Cameral Tribunal. See Reichs-
kammergericht
Institute, founded to commemorate
Queen Victoria's Jubilee (1887), xn 47
Eecess of 1803, ix 95
Impey, Sir Elijah, Chief Justice of Bengal,
VI 466; trial of, 471; 668; 571; and
Nuncomar, 573, 683
In Coena Domini, Bull, vi 637
Inama-Sternegg, Karl Theodor von, his-
torian, xn 850
Inca, The, natives of Peru, i 44 sq.
Inchbald, Elizabeth, novelist, vi 836
Inchinnan, the Earl of Argyll at, v 289
Inchiquin, Murrough O'Brien, 6th Baron,
1st Earl of, iv 527 ; Presidency of Munster
and, 528; 531; declares for the King,
532 ; 533 sq.
** Incident, The," Scottish conspiracy (1641),
IV 505
Indemnity Bill, The English, of 1660, v
94
Independencia, Peruvian man-of-war, dis-
patched to Japan, xu 555
Independents, English party and sect, rise
of, in 1643, iv 319 sq. ; Chap, xi, Pres-
byterians and Independents (1645-9),
336-55 ; 453-4 ; politically discredited at
the Eestoration, v 99 sq., 103; and the
growth of toleration, 327 sqq. ; and New
England, vn 12, 57 ; difficulties of 1763,
144. See also Nonconformists
Index expurgatorius, of the Sorbonne, n
288 ; to be distinguished from the Index
librorum prohibitorum, 687
librorum prohibitorum, Portuguese,
n 414; papal, history of, 379; 686 sqq.;
Paul IV's, 674 ; revised by the Council of
Trent and re-issued as the Tridentine,
676, 687 sq. ; Canisius' attitude towards,
688; Cassander and, in 164; effect on
literature of, 465; Congregation of the,
and de Thou, 64; and France, v 74
India, Saracens in, i 9; Diaz and the sea
route to, 17; Vasco da Gama reaches,
24 sqq.; trade with, in Middle Ages, 27 ;
Cabral's expedition to, 29; Portuguese
settlement in, 30 sq. ; Dutch, iv 711 ;
British, 740 sqq.; Portuguese, 744; (1650-
1744), Vol. V. Chap, xxn (2); France
and, 13 ; rivalry of England and France
in, 57; Portuguese possessions in, 372;
384 ; Kussia and, 644 ; the Moghul Em-
pire, Vol. VI, Chap. XV (1) ; English and
French in (1720-63), Chap, xv (2); Clive
and Warren Hastings in, Chap, xv (3) ;
51; 299; French and English rivalry
in, 332; 347; 350; Franco-British War
in, 454; 465; Fox's BiU, 466 sq.; Pitt's
first Bill, 468; 469; Pitt's second Bill,
470; 475; 643; French possessions in,
VIII 80; French expedition to (1796), 473;
Napoleon's designs on, 608 sq., 618, ix
47, 70, 80, XI 637; Tsar Paul proposes
to invade, ix 47 ; proposed Franco-
Kussian expedition to, 308; 311, 315,
386 ; products of, 363 ; British Empire in
(1783-1815), 709-35; Eussia and, x 169
sq., 202 sq., 546 ; British trade with, 760;
Adam Smith's views on, 765; (1815-69),
Vol. XI, Chap. XXVI ; United States trade
with, 15; 259; Sepoy Mutiny in, 326;
schemes for the government of, 329; 633;
790; British Empire in (1869-1910), Vol.
XII, Chap. XVI; 5; 7; 32; Eussia and,
66, 343; emigration to Australia from,
625; 657; factory legislation in, 747;
761 sq. ; 792; caravan route to, 793;
800; 803
Indian Civil Service, xii 26
National Congress, xii 494 sqq.
Territory, vii 462
Indiana, enters Union (1816), vii 359, 421;
and the slavery question, 424; popula-
tion of, 695 ; wheat in, 696 sq. ; coal
in, 704
Indianapolis, Conference at (1896), vii
673
Indians (North American), treatment of,
by French, English, and Spanish colonists,
VII 97 sqq.
Indies, The, Spanish treasure and, iii 319
sqq.; trade with, 537, 640,641-2; Dutch
enterprise in, 631, 715, 725; Spanish
policy in, iv 697, 702 sq., 713; 462;
free trade in, 716; Dutch in, 751;
English in, 766 sq. ; French and Dutch
in, 758; West Africa and, 759. See also
East Indies and West Indies
(Spanish), under Charles V, ii 101
Company. See Perpetual Company
Indigirka river, xn 794
Indore, Murray seizes, ix 727
Maharaja of. See Holkar
Indulgences, sale of, in Germany, ii 121;
origin of, 123-6; abuse of, 127; Luther
and, 120 sqq.; Zwingli and, 313
Indus, river, navigation of, xi 736; and
the Indian frontier, xn 489
InfallibiUty, papal claim to, and doctrine
of, opposed to medieval high papaUst
theory, in 744; see Vol. xi, Chap, xxv,
Bome and the Vatican Council, 703-23
Infantado, da Silva, Duke of, tried and
acquitted, ix 429
26—2
400
General Index.
Infessara, Stephano, Italian historian, i
221
Inflation Act, The (1874), vii 643
Ingemann, Bemhard Severin, Danish no-
velist, XI 698
Inghirami, Tommaao Fedra, n 8, 15, 16
Ingle, Bichard, leads a raid into Maryland,
VII 33
Inglis, Sir John Eardley Wilmot, major-
general, at Lucknow, xi 748
Ingogo, battle of, xii 637
Ingoldsby, Col. Bichard, at Daventry, iv
557 ; sent to New York, vii 45
Ingolstadt, University of, founded, i 622;
advance of Charles V on, ii 256 ; Diet of
(1563), III 159 ; Jesuits in, 160; Archduke
Ferdinand at, 699; new Catholic League
at (1614), IV 13, (1632), 210; death of
Tilly at, 214; 366; besieged (1704), v
410; VI 233; 237; fall of (1743), 238;
Moreau besieges (1800), ix 64; surrender
of, 65; Grand Army crosses Danube near,
254
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique, French
painter, ix 135; x 103
Ingria, conquest of, by Sweden, iv 180;
Peace of Stolbova and, 181; v 503;
Bussian invasion of (1699), 588, 590 sq,;
697 ; 614 ; guaranteed to Bussia by Prussia
(1718), VI 206; ceded to Bussia by Sweden
(1721), V 616
Inishannon, Irish retreat to, m 609
Inishowen, disputed overlordship of, ni
589, 691
Inkerman, battle of, xi 319, 364
Inn river, ix 65 ; Moreau occupies the line
of (1800), 68; Austrian troops cross
(1805), 252
Innerrhoden, the Suter affair at, vi 625
Innocent III (Lothario Conti), Pope, i 656;
III 422, 757
IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi), Pope, ni 745 ;
749
VI (Etienne Auber), Pope, taxation
of German clergy by, i 669
VIII (Giovanni Battista Cibo), Pope,
I 86, 104, 221 sqq., 448, 657 sq., 666;
m 128
X (Giambattista Pamfili), Pope, re-
presented by Chigi at Miinster, iv 402 ;
protests against Peace of Westphalia in
Bull Zelo Domus Dei, 415, 688; 529;
600; 687; v 84
XI (Benedetto Odescalchi), Pope,
supports the Emperor, v 61; and Louis
XIV, 52, 65; and Cologne election, 54;
and James II of England, 58, 235,
336 ; 76 ; and the dispute with France,
85; and William of Orange, 244; and
Hungary, 356 ; assists Austria, 359 ; 364 ;
and Spanish Succession, 392 ; xi 713
XII (Antonio Pignatelli), Pope, and
James II of England, v 58 ; 88 ; vi 586
XIII (Michele Angelo Conti), Pope,
VI 131; 687
Innsbruck, Austrian Diet at (1518), i 314,
322; flight of Charles V from, ii 88;
Spanish troops at, iv 32; Alexander be-
headed at, 55 ; Valtelline negotiations at,
62 sq.; Feria at, 231; v407; Charles VI
at, 432 ; vi 37 ; seminary at, 637 ; battles
before (1809), ix 355; re-conquered by
Austria, 356; Emperor Ferdinand at, xi
175 sq.; 180
Innviertel, The, vi 707
Inouy^, Marquis Kaoru, Japanese statesman,
XI 860; 865; visits England, xii 546;
549; 669; administration of, in Korea,
670 sq.
Lieutenant, at Peking, xii 519
Inquisition, the papal, in France, futile
attempts to establish (1555-7), n 294;
in Italy, in Venice in 13th century,
I 269; re-organised and extended over
Italy (1555), ii 33, 381 sqq., 649 sqq. ;
Cosimo de' Medici and, iii 390 ; Emmanuel
Philibert and, 404; Congregation of the,
446 ; general effects on literature of, 465 ;
470 sqq. ; and Giordano Bruno, iv 668 ;
loses censorship of the Press in Tus-
cany, VI 601; in Mexico, Lima (from
1570), and Cartagena (from 1763), x 253
sq. ; in Netherlands, under Charles V,
II 103; under Charles and Philip II,
III 164, 184 sqq., 193, 199, 201 sqq., 630;
in Spain, under Ferdinand and Isabel,
I 356, 359 sq.; 371; 678; 661; later, in
its Spanish form and in Spain, ii 99,
399 sqq.; Bartolom^ de Carranza and,
409 sq.; 650; under Philip II, iii 448,
478 sqq., 487 sq., 491, 495; in Aragoti
less pliant than in Castile, 514; results
of working of, 517 sqq. ; Moriscos and,
543; 545; 743; 769; under Charles II,
V 375; under Charles III reduced in
power, VI 373
Insalah, French occupation of, xii 129
Inshiu, daimid of, xi 832; 834; 846; and
Choshiu, 850; 852; 864
Institute of Egypt, established by Bonaparte
in 1798, viii 605 sq.
Institutio Christianae Religionis, of Calvin,
II 356-7; published in French (1540), iv
778
Institution of a Christian Man. See Bishops'
Book
"Instrument of Government," iv 438
Intendants, French, v 4 sqq.; viii 37 sqq.
Inter innumeras, Encyclical of Leo XIII,
XII 119
Interim, The Augsburg (1548), ii 84; and
its results, 264 sqq.; recognised by Paul
III, 260; the Leipzig, 266
Introduction to Christian Doctrine, by
Zwingh, n 320
Inveraray, Jacobites at, vi 99 sq.
Inverness, Jacobite rising at, vi 98; 100
sqq., 105; Cope at, 112; 115 sq.
Invernizzi, Monsignor, President of the
Bomagna Commission, z 152
General Index.
401
"Invincibles," Irish secret society, xn 81
Ionian Islands, seized by France (1797),
vin 590 sqq., ix 751; conquest of, by
Kussia (1799), 41 ; independence of, recog-
nised (1801), 75; reduced (1809) by the
British, 239; ceded to France (1807),
293, 306; British Protectorate in, 665;
X 173, 176 sq. ; Greece and, xi 280 sq.,
634; 640 sqq.; xii 415
Iowa, and the slavery question, vii 402;
enters Union (1846), 421; population of,
695
Ipek, Patriarchate of, xn 424; 420
Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, ii 434
Iraghticahan, disputed possession of, m
611
Irakli, Prince of Georgia, vi 676
Iranyi, Joseph, Hungarian politician, xi
156
Irbit Fair, x 428
Ireland, Lambert Simnel in, i 465'sq. ; Per-
kin Warbeck in, 468 sqq. ; pacification
of, 471 sq.; monachism in, 534 sq.;
policy of Henry VIII in, ii 471 sq. ;
rebellion in (1543), 442; history of, to
Settlement of Ulster, Vol. iii, Chap.
XVIII ; papal volunteers in, 298; rebellion
in, 286-7, 530-1; Philip IPs designs
upon, 517 sq., 529 sq. ; and Strafford,
IV 285, 288; rebellion in, 295, 297;
Charles I and, 318, 328, 334 sqq. , 345,
347; 350; 501; Cromwell in, 435, 463;
represented in Parliament, 437, 440;
Instrument of Government and, 438;
446; revenue of, 467; 466; Charles II
proclaimed in, 509; from Plantation of
Ulster to Cromwellian settlement, see
Chap. XVIII ; Henry Cromwell and, 540;
(1659-60), 545, 547, 552; 677; (1660-
1700), Vol. V, Chap, x (3); French inter-
vention in, 58 ; and the Kestoration, 103
sq. ; restrictions on the trade of, 104;
260 ; William III in, 261 ; 265 ; in the 18th
century, Vol. vi. Chap, xiv; 52; rein-
forcements drawn from, 99, 100; 455 sq.;
disturbed condition of, 457; Parliament
in, 458 sq. ; 470 ; Regency Bill in, 474 ;
476; settlers from, in America, vii 221;
disaffection in, viii 92; 276, 453 ; French
expeditions to (1796-8), 473, 475 sq., 650;
influence of French Revolution in, 771
sq. ; French designs upon (1801), ix 70;
(1803), 214; (1804), 216, 218; and Re-
gency, 693 ; disaffection in, 695 ; rebellion
in, 701 ; project of Union with, 702 sqq.;
condition of, 708; and movement for
Catholic emancipation, Vol. x, Chap, xix
paisim] (1832-41), Chap, xx passim ^
141; parliamentary representation in,
606 sq., affairs in (1841-8), xi 7 sqq.;
810; Fenianism in, 343; Disestablish-
ment in, 344 sq.; Roman Catholic Church
in, 711 ; and Home Rule Movement, Vol.
xn, Chap, iv, 65-90; 1; 11; Gladstone
and, 24; 27; University Bill for, 29;
and Liberal party, 31; Parliament and,
38 sq.; Phoenix Park murders, 40; 41
sq. ; Home Rule Bill (1886), 43 sq. ; 46;
48; Home Rule Bill (1893), 49 sq.;
Unionist policy in, 61; population of,
63; and co-operation, 741; 751
Ireton, Henry, and Parliamentary army, iv
343; 345; 351; draws up the "Remon-
strance of the Army," 353; 355; Lord
Deputy of Ireland, 435, 534; death of,
535
Irgai, battle of, xi 631
Irish Agricultural Organisation Society,
xn 88
Land League, formation of, xn 86;
38; dissolved, 41; 76 sqq.
National League, xn 41; 82; 84
Reform Association, xn 89
— — Republican Brotherhood, xn 76
Sea, submarine telegraph under, xi
846
Unionist Alliance, xn 89
Irish World y newspaper, xn 78
Irkutsk, post-road through, xn 792; 794
Iron Duke, British warship, at Yokohama,
and Maria Luz traffic in Chinese labour,
XII 664
Iroquois Indians, The, i 38, 44; Dutch
trade with, iv 709; vi 412; vn 39,
42 sq., 69; and the colonists, 76 sqq.,
80; rising of, 89, 116; punitive expe-
dition against, 220
Irrawaddy river, xi 727 ; British expedition
on, xn 479 ; 798 ; 806
Irtysh river, v 495
Irun, Franco-Spanish marriages at, iv 630;
captured by French, 646
Irurzon, Spanish defeat at, viii 440
Irving, Washington, vn 740 sqq.
Isabel, Isabella: —
Queen of Castile (the Catholic), i
126, 316, Chap, xi passim; encourage-
ment of learning by, 379 sq. ; 394, 476,
656; n399; in 478; x 279
(of Castile), Queen of Denmark
(sister of Charles V), n 169, 602
(of Castile), Queen of Portugal, i 362,
453
II, Queen of Spain, x 232 sq. ; 237 ;
242 sq. ; French aid to, 495 sq. ; xi 17 ;
33 ; 37 sq. ; 462 ; proclaimed of age, 650 ;
negotiations for marriage of, 652 sqq.;
marriage of, 654 sq. ; and Serrano, 655
sqq. ; relations of, with her husband,
556; gives birth to a son, 557; gives
birth to a daughter, 559; 560; opposes
sale of Church lands, 561 ; and O'Donnell,
662, 667; character of, 663; and Mexican
affairs, 565 sq.; and Italy, 566; 567;
Pius IX and, 668 ; private life of, ib. ;
569; dethronement of, 570; 576; the
Papacy and, 709; xn 268; 264
(of Braganza), Queen of Spain,
consort of Ferdinand VII, x 210; 212;
231
402
General Index,
Isabel, Isabella {contd.) : —
(of Bourbon), Queen of Spain, con-
sort of Philip IV, and Olivares, iv 649
eqq. ; Regent, 653 ; 654 ; death of, 658
(of Portugal), Queen of Spain, ii
53, 74, 424
Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain, iii
303; 413; 415; 489; 504 sqq., 520 sqq.,
533 sqq.; 627 sqq.; marriage of, 630;
673; 697; at Brussels, iv 78, 81; 83;
99; 230; 644; Frederick Henry and,
694, 696; death of, 697. See also Arch-
dukes, the
Maria, Infanta of Portugal, x 320 sq.
Isabella (Spanish colony in Espafiola),
abandoned, i 40
Isabey, French painter, ix 135
Isandhlwana, battle of, xii 35; 636
Iselberg, battles on the (1809), ix 355-6
Iselin, Isaac, Swiss writer, viii 781
Isenburg, and the "Central administration
of reconquered territories," ix 587
Isernia, fight at, xi 390
Ishak Khan, rebellion of, xii 482
Isidore, Bishop of Seville. See Seville
Island No. 10 (Mississippi), fortification of,
vn 497 ; surrendered by the Confederates
(1862), 498, 559
Islay, Earl of. See Argyll, 3rd Duke of
Isle de Riez, Soubise defeated at, iv 128
of France. See Mauritius
of Pines, Avellaneda meets English
fleet near, in 322
Isly river, French victory on, xi 35
Isly, Due de. See Bugeaud de la Piconnerie
Ismail, Eussians capture (1770), vi 673,
(1790), VIII 336, (1810), ix 485; fort of,
demolished, x 175
1st Shah of Persia (the Sofi), i 88
sq.; at war with Selim I, 90
Ismail Beg, at Fatehpur Sikri, ix 719
Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, xi 637 sq.;
XII 431 sqq. ; deposed, 435 ; Gordon and,
439 sq. ; 446 ; 450 ; 453 ; and education, 454
Ismailia, British fleet at, xii 437
(Gondokoro). See Gondokoro
Ismailovo, Russian royal residence, vi 302
Isnard, Maximin, Girondist, viii 214; 249;
273; 384
Achille Nicolas, economist, experi-
ments of, and beet sugar, ix 377
Isny, joins the League of Protestant cities
(1529), II 205
Isola della Scala, victory of the French at
(1512), I 136
Isolani, Croat cavalry general, iv 371
Ispahan, Russian Minister at, v 544 ;
Morier at, xii 800
Israels, Josef, Dutch painter, xn 249
Issik-Kul, Lake of, xi 273; 631; Prjevalsky
at, XII 799
Issoire, capture of, in 32
Istria, taken by Osuna, iv 631 ; Venetian,
VI 648; gains of Austria in (1797), vni
583, 692
Istiiriz, Francisco Javier de, Spanish states-
man, XI 654 sq.
Itagaki, Japanese Councillor of State, xi
865; Minister, xii 549 sq.
Itakura, Japanese Minister, xi 850
Italy
I iv Italy and her invaders, 104-43
XV Economic change, passim, 493
-531
xvi The Classical Renaissance, pas-
sim, 532-84
xvii The Christian Renaissance,
passim, 585-619
xviii Catholic Europe, passim, 620-
52
xix The eve of the Reformation,
passim, 653-92
[See also Florence, Rome,
Venice]
n i Medicean Rome, especially 27-
35
ii and iii Habsburg and Valois (I)
and (II), passim, 36-103
xii The Catholic South, passim,
377-99
xviii The Church and Reform, pas-
sim, 639-89
xix Tendencies of European Thought
in the Age of the Reformation,
passim, 690-718
ni xiv The end of the Italian Renais-
sance, 456-74
[See also Tuscany, Savoy and
Rome]
IV ii The Valtelline (1603-39), pas-
sim, 35-63
iv Richelieu, passim, 118-57
xxii Spain and Spanish Italy under
Philip III and Philip IV,
623-65
xxiii Papal policy (1590-1 648),666-88
V xiii The Treaties of Partition and
the Spanish Succession,
passim, 372-400
xiv The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession, passim, 401-59
VI iv and v The Bourbon governments
in France and Spain (1714-
46) (I) and {11), passim, 120-
67
xvi Italy and the Papacy, 586-610
vni xviii Bonaparte and the conquest
of Italy, 553-93
xxi The Second Coalition, passim,
633-64
[See also Naples]
IX iii The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), passim, 55-80
iv France and her tributaries
(1801-3), passim, 81-106
ix The Third CoaHtion, I (1805-6),
244-64
xiv The French Dependencies, and
Switzerland (1800-14), pas-
sim, 890-427
General Index,
403
Italy {contd.)
IX xix The Congress of Vienna, I
(1814-6), passim, 676-602
The Congress of Vienna, II
(1815), jpassim, 646-71
[See also the various States of
Italy under their names]
X iv Italy (1815-46), 104-30
V The Papacy and the Catholio
Church, passim, 131-61
XI iv Italy in Eevolution (1846-9),
65-95
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of
Italy (1849-61), 366-92
xix The completion of Italian Unity
(1) The successors of Cavour
(1861-70), 529-44
(2) The Literature of the
Risergimento and after
(1846-70), 544-9
xn viii United Italy, 213-42
[See also Venice, Eome, etc.]
Itamaraca, Dutch victory of (1640), iv 708
Ito, Marquis Hirobumi, Japanese states-
man, XI 848; 860; 865; xii 509; career
of, 646 sq. ; death of, 547 ; 548 sq. ;
Minister-President, 550 sq. ; 570; 672
Japanese admiral, xu 512
Ittig, Thomas, editor of Josephus, i 618
Iturbide, Augustin, Mexican general, x
304
Itzstein, Johann Adam von, Baden poli-
tician, XI 61
luka, battle of (1862), vii 501
Ivan III (Vasilovich) (the Great), Tsar of
Eussia (1462-1506), conquest of Novgorod
by, I 602; v 477 sqq. ; and Lithuania,
481; relations of, with the West, ib.;
marriage of, ih. ; and title of Tsar, 483 ;
484 sq.; policy of, 486; 493; 507; 516
IV (the Terrible), Tsar, in 85 ; treats
for peace with Stephen Bathory (1581),
101 ; IV 164 ; 166 ; annexes Kazan and
Astrakhan, v 479, 493 ; 483 sq.; accession
and reign of, 487 sqq. ; and the Oprich-
nina, 490 sqq. ; and foreign affairs, 493 ;
and Livonia, 493 sq. ; and Siberia, 494
sq. ; 498; 503; 506; 512; relations with
England, 613, 616; xn 793 sq.; death of
(1684), ni 103, 171, v 495
V, Tsar, v 518 sq. ; 523 ; death of,
524; 547; 666
VI, Tsar, accession of, vi 309 ; 311 ;
316
eldest son of Ivan IV, v 495
the Black, of Montenegro, i 74
Ivory Coast, Portuguese explorers and,
I 16; trade with, vi 187; annexed by
France, xii 129; 660
Ivry, battle of (1590), in 48, 454, 611, 668
sqq.
Iwakura, Tomomi, Japanese statesman, xi
858 ; 864 sq. ; envoy to Europe, xii 542 ;
645 sq. ; Minister of Left, 649 ; death of,
650; 657 sq.
lyemitsu, Japanese Shogun, xi 825
lyenari, Japanese Shogun, xi 825
lyesada. Tycoon of Japan, xi 832
lyeyasu, Japanese Shogun, xi 825; 827;
xn 538
Izdbienski, Benedict, Bishop of Caminieez,
later of Posen, ni 75
Izmailoff, Lev, Eussian envoy to Pekin,
V 544
Izquierdo de Eibera y Lezaun, Eugene,
Spanish agent, ix 301 sq.
Jablonsky, Daniel Ernst (Bishop of Bran-
denburg), V 671
Jablyak, xn 392 ; acquired by Montenegro,
396
Jacatra, the Dutch at, iv 736, 742
Jackman, Charles, explorer, xn 795
Jackson (Mississippi), Federals occupy
(1863), vn 504 sq.
Andrew, American general, vn 345,
350, 373 sq. ; President of United States,
378 sqq., 382 sq., 387, 389; significance
of election of, 407 sq., 412, 420 sq.
Claiborne Fox, American statesman,
Governor of Missouri, vn 493
Francis J. , British Minister to United
States, VII 332 ; sent to Kiel, ix 299
Thomas Jonathan ("Stonewall"),
VII 475, 477 ; and the Seven Days' Battles,
478 ; and Chancellorsville, 486 sq.
British Minister at Eome, ix 194
French agent in England and Ire-
land, imprisonment of, ix 697
Jacob of Baden. See Trier, Electors of
of Jiiterbok, at Erfurt, n 111
of Liebenstein. See Mainz, Elec-
tors of
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, German philo-
sopher, vni 773; X 388
Jacobi-Kloest, Baron von, viii 641; Prus-
sian Minister in London, ix 282; at
Congress of Vienna, 585
Jacobin Club, viii 185 sq., 211 sq., 239,
245, 251, 267, 359; closed (1794), 376
sq.; and the army, 404; records of, xn
834
Jacobites, Oxford and St John (Boling-
broke) and, v 472 sqq. ; and Peter the
Great, 543; intrigues of 1713-4, vi 14
sqq.; party of, eclipsed after the rising
of 1715, 21; influence of (1715-21), 43
sq.; in a minority, 69; 71 sq.; the "45,"
74 ; Cbap. in, Jacobitism and the Union.
90-119, 142, 159 sq.
JacobsbrUder, n 105 sq.
Jacoby, Johann, German politician, xi 63 ;
157
Jacquard, Joseph-Marie, inventor of loom.
IX 125
Jacqueline (Jacobaea) of Bavaria, heiress
of Hainault, Holland, etc., i 419 sq..
423 » 1 1
Jacqueminot, Jean - Franpois, Vicomte,
French general, xi 97
404
General Index,
Jacqueminot, Jean-Ignace, ix 150
Jager, Johannes, of Drontheim. See Kube-
anus, Crotus
Jagerndorf, principality of, v 625; 653;
659; duchy of, vi 229; 230
George, Prince of. See Branden-
burg-Ansbach, Margrave George of
George Frederick, Prince of. See
Brandenburg
John George, Prince of. See Bran-
denburg-Ansbach
Jaffa, captured by Bonaparte, vin 609;
Egyptian fleet at, x 649
Jaff6, Philipp, German historian, xii 823
Jagello, Polish House of, succeeds to Hun-
gary and Bohemia, i 331, 336, 344; n
198; m 73; line of, 76; Court of, 88;
unite Lithuania and Poland, v 480; vi
198
Catharine. See Catharine, Queen of
Sweden
Prince of Lithuania, v 480
Jahde, The, closed to English trade, ix 374
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, German publi-
cist, X 365; 370; xii 818
Jaipur, State of, xi 726
Partab Singh, Eajah of, and Sindhia,
IX 719
Jaitpur, annexation of, xi 743
Jajce. See Yaytse
Jakobsson, Peter. See Sunnenvceder, Peter
Jalalabad, xi 733; relief of, 734; 735;
British force at, xii 470
Jalandar, xi 740; mutiny at, 746
Jalapa, American army in (1847), vii 396;
the fair of, x 254
JalSs, federation of (1790), vm 197 sq.
Jamaica, colonised by Esquivel, i 41;
Penn and Venables in, iv 482; seized
by the English (1655), 660, v 680; 34;
Charles II and, 101, 104; 110; contra-
band trade in, 684; 687 sq.; progress of,
689 sq. ; 691 ; smuggling in, vi 64, 351 ;
Maroons of, 185; England and, 186;
379 ; opened to foreign shipping, 436 ;
453 sq. ; development of, vii 78, 108 ;
French designs on, ix 218, 222 ; govern-
ment in, 750; lost by Spain (1656), x
255, 272 ; the negroes in, 260 ; and the
contraband trade in Spanish America,
273; 276; Bolivar in, 290; and the
abolition of slavery, 658 sq., 677 sq.;
and the sugar trade, 761 ; xi 757 ; negroes
of, 761; XII 653 sq.; government of,
657 ,
Jamais, Emile, French politician, xii 124
James, river, Grant crosses, vii 520, 533;
530
I, King of England, and VI of Scot-
land, early life of, in Scotland, Vol. iii.
Chap, VIII prtssim; Elizabeth refuses to
recognise as her successor, 358 sqq., 503,
621, 534 sqq., 642, 644; Britain under,
Chap. XVII ; Ireland under, 609 sqq., 637,
644; resemblance of, to Eudolf II, 697,
731; theories of sovereignty of, 750 sqq.;
Spanish marriage negotiations of, iv 2,
83 sqq., 87 sqq., 625 sq., 640 sq., 673 ;
and Bohemian succession, 17 sq., 23 sq.,
29 sq. ; 67; 77 sqq.; and Denmark,
191; 256; France and, 258; 259 sq.;
274; Declaration of Sports, 279; and
the militia, 304; growth of English com-
merce in the reign of, 466 ; and Scotland,
486 sq.; 488; last years of, 491 sq.;
Scottish ecclesiastical affairs and, 494
sqq.; 608; and Ireland, 514 sqq.; 629;
sides with Venice against Paul V, 670;
733; 745; and the colonies, 748 ; Kalegh
and, 754; methods of government of, in
Scotland, v 279 sqq.; and religious tolera-
tion, 325 ; 743 ; True Law of Free Mon-
archy, VI 803; and Virginia, vn 6 sq. ;
72
James II, King of England, and VII of
Scotland, (as Duke of York), iv 306; sent
prisoner to London, 336 ; escape of, 348;
519; goes to Boulogne, 640; and the
French Protestants, v 24 sq. ; 40 ; 49 ;
supports Louis XIV, 50 sqq. ; flight of,
to France, 66 ; Louis XIV and, 57 sq.,
244 sq. ; and the Papacy, 68 ; and battle
of La Hogue, 69; marriage of, 93; and
Boyal African Company, 108, 113 ; 149 ;
Dryden and, 135 ; and West Indies, 149 ;
163 ; 166 ; and naval administration.
Chap. VIII (1); at battle of Lowestoft,
181; at battle of South wold Bay, 190,
192 sq.; accession, character and poHcy
of, Chap. IX ; Declaration of Indulgence
of, 235, 237 sqq.; and the Universities,
237 sq.; and Parliament, 240; and Prince
of Orange, 240 sq. ; and the Seven
Bishops, 242; brings Irish troops into
England, 243; concessions by, 245; and
landing of William of Orange, 246;
flight of, 247 sqq. ; 250 sq. ; impolicy of,
255; in Ireland, 261; at St Germain,
262 sq.; and Crown of Poland, 263,
354; 264 sq. ; 271 sq.; 277; Scottish
High Commissioner, 286 sq.; accession
of, 288, 334; rule of, in Scotland, 289
sq. ; the Scottish Convention of Estates
and, 291; and Highland chiefs, 294;
and Ireland, 306 sq. ; and Tyrconnel,
307; in Ireland, 307 sqq.; at the siege
of Derry, 308 sq. ; at Dublin, 310 sq. ;
313 ; at the Boyne, 314 ; flight of, from
Ireland, 315; at Versailles, 316; 326;
conversion of, 333 ; and religious tolera-
tion, 335 sq.; Marlborough and, 460 sq.;
Godolphin and, 461 ; and colonial affairs,
690; 757; death of, 275; vi 6; 9; 43;
abdication of, 794 sq., 808; 815; and
New England, vii 28 sq., 69 ; New York
granted to, 38, 41 sqq., 45; claims of, on
New Jersey, 46 sq., 49; and Penn, 60
■ IV, King of Scotland, Warbeck aided
by, I 469; 471, 479, 481; killed at Flod-
dcn, 482; 484; n 653
General Index.
405
JatBes V, King of Scotland, i 485; makes
peace with England (1534), ii 441 ; mar-
ries Madeleine of Valois, 448, 455 ; 453 ;
disputes with Scotch nobles, 454 ; marries
Mary of Guise, 455 ; and England, 456,
655; 553; death of, 456
Francis Edward Stewart, Prince of
Wales (the Old Pretender), birth of, v
241 sq., 290; 246 sqq.; 250; 275; recog-
nised by Louis XIV, 399 ; 423 ; 441 ; and
Peter the Great, 472; 543; vi 6; 15;
21 sq.; 26; illness of, 27; 30; Alberoni
and, 31 ; 57 ; at Saint-Germain, 91 ; sails
from Dunkirk, 92 sq.; 96; relations of,
with the Powers, 97 ; and Earl of Mar's
rising, 98 ; in Scotland, 102 sq. ; in Italy,
104; marriage of, 105; 106; 109 sqq.;
113; 117; Regent Orleans and, 123 ; and
Dubois, 131; 142; 289; death of, 118
Duke of York. See James II, King
of England
Edwin John, barrister, xi 328
Frank, African traveller, xii 813
William, Some Varieties of Religious
Experience, xii 775
of Hereford, Lord (Sir Henry James),
xn 43; 52
Jameson, Leander Starr, and the Transvaal
Raid, XII 53, 641
Jamestown (Virginia), English colony at,
IV 747; settlement of, vn 6; Nathaniel
Bacon in, 9
(St Helena), landing of Napoleon at,
IX 757
Jamet, Ldon, at the Court of Ferrara,
II 384
Jamna river, xi 726
Jamrud, railway to, xn 489
Jan of Leyden. See John of Leyden
Janda Khaur, regent in Lahore, xi 738
Jane (Seymour), Queen of England, 3rd
consort of Henry VIII, n 445 ; death of,
448
Janina, reaction in, x 173 ; Kurshid Pasha
at, 178, 181 ; and the Greek frontier, xii
403; 421
Janissaries, revolt of (1481), i 85; sup-
port Selim I, 89 sq.; organisation of,
99 sqq.; changes in constitution of, v
342; 347 sq. ; at Vienna, 362; ix 386-9;
revolt of the (1826), x 192
Jankau, Swedish victory at (1645), iv 389
Jankoji, Rajah of Gwalior, xi 737
Janovitch (Besme), murderer of Coligny,
III 19
Jansen, Cornelius, and Jansenism, v 82
sqq.
Jansenism, Richelieu adverse to, iv 157;
Pascal and, 794 sqq. ; v 82 sqq., 88 sqq. ;
VI 163; the Parlement and, 347; in
popular movements, French especially,
587 sqq.; 590 sq.; and fall of the
Jesuits, 595 ; results of controversy in
regard to, viii 8 sq. ; 56, 194, 196; and
modern Ultramontanism, z 157
Janssen, Johannes, History of the German
People, XII 848
Jaussens, Jan Willem, Dutch general,
surrender of Cape Town by, ix 752;
surrender of Java by, 754
Janus, Dollinger's, xii 848
Japan, Dutch East India Company in, iv
712; English factory at Firando in, 740;
treaty of the United States with, vn 434 ;
(1842-71), Vol. XI, Chap, xxvin (2);
259 ; 802 ; the Regeneration of. Vol. xii.
Chap, xvm; and the War with Russia,
Chap. XIX ; progress of, 4 sq. ; alliance
of, with Great Britain, 9 sq., 55 sq. ; 14;
and war settlement with China, 52;
342; at war with Russia, 345 sq., 348,
854, 521 sq.; 379; and China, 502; and
Korea, 509 sq. ; at war with China, 510
sqq.; China and, 515, 522; and the
Philippine Islands, 529 sq. ; 609 ; Canada
and, 650; and Hague Court of Arbitra-
tion, 727
Jaquess, James P., United States volunteer
colonel, VII 578
Jarmetz, ceded to France, v 33
Jarnac, battle of, in 11-2, 224
Jaromef , Austrian army at, vi 705 ; Field-
Marshal Benedek at, xi 453
Jaromircz. See Jaromef
Jaroslav, burning of, iv 189
Jarz6, Chevalier de, Cond6 and, iv 612
Jassy, burnt by Solyman II, in 117 ; Peter
the Great at, v 604; vi 308; Treaty of
(1792), 676, vin 289, 295, 337, 530, ix
385 ; Prince Ypsilanti at, x 178 ; entered
by the Turks, 179 ; riot at, xi 283 ; 643
Jaubert, Hippolyte-Franpois, Comte, x 503 j
508
Jaucourt, Arnail-Fran9ois, Marquis de, vui
213
Jaureguy, Juan, m 255, 258
Jaur6s, Jean, French politician, xn 119 sq.;
122 sqq.; and Dreyfus affair, 126 ; 127 sq.
Java, Dutch ventures to, iii 632; spices of,
IV 734 ; agreement of June 1619 and, 737;
English in, 740 ; Dutch in, 742; captured
(1811), IX 240; occupation of, 732; re-
stored to Holland, 735 ; Stamford Raffles
in, 754; rebellion in (1825), x 528; trade
with, 761 ; Dutch rule in, xi 667 sq. ; xn
534 ; trade of, 668
Javogues, Charles, revolutionary, vni 505
Jay, John, American statesman, vi 461;
vn 316, 319 sq., 328
Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
Jeannin, Pierre, President, in 52; envoy
to Holland, 640-2, 685, 691, v 702;
Minister under Mary de' Medici, iv 118
sq. ; superseded, 122, 625
Jebb, John, democrat, vm 765
Jechna Doab, xi 741
Jedburgh, burnt by English (1623), ii 422;
Jacobites at, vi 101
Jedda, disturbance at, xi 635
406
General Index,
Jedrzejow, Diet of (1576), ra 97-8
Jefferson, Thomas, vii 166, 316, 320; Pre-
Bident of United States, 324 sqq., 331,
369, 372 sq.; 407; 730; v 277; x 281;
xn 744; 757
City, governor chased from (1861),
vn 458
Jefferyes, James, Captain, mission of, to
St Petersburg, vi 34
Jeffrey, Francis Jeffrey, Lord, editor of
Edinburgh Review, ix 687; xi 347
Jeffreys, George, Lord Chief Justice, v 230
sqq.; 234; vi 805
Jefremoff, Major-general, at Zorndorf, vi
281
Jehangir, Moghul Emperor, iv 741 ; admits
Dutch traders at Surat, 743; vi 615 sqq.;
death of, 517
Jellachich (Jellacid) von Buzim, Baron
Fran9ois von, Austrian general, ix 255;
surrender of, to Augereau, 258; 347
Joseph, Count, Banus of Croatia,
XI 177; 179; and Croatian Diet, 180 sq. ;
182; invades Hungary, 183 sq.; 185;
marches on Vienna, 187; at Schwechat,
189; invades Hungary, 202 sq.; 206;
209; 211; 217
Jem (son of Mohammad H), conflict with
Bayazid, i 85, 224; imprisoned in Europe,
86, 114; death of, 87, 115
Jemappes, battle of, viii 299, 417, 534
Jemmingen, battle of (1568), iii 223
Jemteland, acquired by Sweden, iv 572
Jena, Prussian army near, ix 274 ; Hohen-
lohe at, 275; battle of (1806), 276 sq.,
326, 329, 331-2, 428, 592 ; University of,
325, X 364, 375, xi 150
Jenatscb, George, Grisons Preachers headed
by, IV 46, 52, 54; escape of, 55; 61 sqq.
Jenckes, Thomas Allen, of Ehode Island,
American politician, vii 635
Jenkins, Sir Eichard, Eesident of Nagpur,
XI 726
Eobert, English mariner, vi 48; 64;
66; 149; 157
Jeukinson, Sir Anthony, in Eussia, xii
793
Charles. See Liverpool, 1st Earl of
Jenner, Edward, discoverer of vaccination,
XII 779
Bernese Federalist, ix 97
Jensen, Adolf, German song- writer, xi
413
Peder, Danish scholar, ii 609
Nicolas, printer at Venice, i 284,
661
Jephson, Major-general WiUiam, iv 443
Jermyn, Henry, Earl of St Albans. See
St Albans
Jerningham, Sir Eobert, ii 429 sq.
Jerome (Hieronymus), execution of, ii 451
Jersey, French attacks on, vi 452
Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of, v 430
Frances (Twysden), Lady, wife of
4th Earl, influence of, ix 675
Jerusalem, occupied by Ibrahim Pasha
(1832), X 649; Protestant bishopric at,
XI 6 ; the Holy Places of, 305, 311, 313,
324, 635
Paisios, Patriarch of, v 508
Jesuits (Society of Jesus), in the New
World, I 62; constitution, organisation,
and spread of, ii 33, 651 sqq. ; at
Council of Trent, 667 sqq. ; learning of,
688; introduced into Switzerland, 341;
in Sweden, under Johan III, 631 sq. ;
in Poland, 637; and the Catholic reac-
tion, III 83 sq. ; Stephen Bathory uses
in education, 102 sq. ; in France, work
of, in the cause of Christian and Eenais-
sance learning, 61 ; and Henry IV, 664,
681; 140; and Ferdinand I, 145 sqq.;
colleges of, at Mainz and Heiligenstadt,
155; in Bavaria, 160 sq.; and Maxi-
milian II, 167, 178; Klesl's work in
Austria, 701 sq.; 723; and the propa-
ganda in England under EHzabeth, 286
sqq., 350 sqq.; in Florence, 389; in
Savoy, under Emmanuel Philibert, 404
sq.; and the Collegium Romanum, 424;
435; and Sixtus V, 447 sqq., 455; in
Ireland, failure of first mission, 585
sq.; second mission and its import-
ance, 592 sqq.; political theories of,
see Chap, xxii, passim, especially 765
sqq.; excluded from Venice, 774; and
Catholic reaction in Empire, iv 4 sqq.;
banished for short time from Bohemia
(1618), 21; in re-conquered Bohemia,
73 sq.; 82; and Scioppius, 113; and
Sigismund III of Poland and Sweden,
170; banished from Venice, 676 sq. ;
Pascal and, 795 sq. ; Gui Patin and,
V 73; 76; methods of, 80 sqq.; and
Jansenism, 81 sqq.; and Popish Plot,
220 sqq. ; 331 ; and James II of England,
335 sq.; and Emperor Leopold I, 341;
and the Eussian Pretender, 497 sqq. ;
504; in America, 676 sqq., 683 sq. ;
743 ; at Oxford, 746 ; and Jean de
Labadie, 755 sq. ; in France, on Louis
XIV's death, vi 121, 127; Frederick
William I and, 208; expelled from
France (1764), 348, 592; rebellion of, in
Paraguay, 364 ; expelled from Spain and
Spanish America (1767), 372; use of
confiscated property of, in Spain, 383;
general attack upon by Carvalho in
America and Portugal, 386 sq. ; in Brazil,
390, 392; the Papacy and, 591 sq.; ex-
pelled from Naples, 593; expelled from
Parma, 594 ; suppressed by Clement XIV,
595; confiscated wealth of, in Poland,
671; Catharine II and, 693; Frederick
the Great and, 721 ; 806 ; in Canada, vn
72, 77, 81, 83 sq., 98 sqq.; in the West
Indies, 96 sq. ; exploration of Marquette,
362; VIII 8, 53, 789; reconstituted by
Pius VII, X 6, 134; in France (c. 1824),
83 sq., 89 sq.; 94, 153, 162; in Modena,
General Index,
407
107; excluded from Bavaria, 147; and
education in Papal States, 152 ; and
Conclave of 1829, 154; attack Gioberti,
166; Gregory XVI and, 167, 381; in
Spain (c. 1815), 141 sq., 207; (c. 1820),
219; again expelled (1835), 236; expelled
from Lisbon (1833), 335; in Spanish
America, 247, 253, 271, 298; Paraguay
missions of, 269 sq, ; English Catholic
Emancipation Act and, 654; in France (c.
1840), XI 23, and Guizot, 34 sqq., 67 sq.;
Gioberti and, 65 sqq.; in Switzerland, 67,
239, 247 sqq.; in Kome, 76, 79, 81; 126;
at Gratz, 155; and the dogma of the
Immaculate Conception, 713 ; the Givilta
Cattolica of, 714 ; decree of expulsion of,
from France (1880), xn 117; excluded
from the German Empire (1872), 148; in
Portugal, 271; in China, 514; in Siam,
634 sq.; in Japan, 542; in Canada, 614;
in Tibet, 797
Jeunesse, La, French journal, xi 486
Jew of Malta, The (Marlowe's), in 374-5
Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury, n 161,
688; Apologia, ni 348
Jewett, William Cornell, adventurer, vn
577
Jews, in Spain, i 359 sq.; in England,
V 328; readmitted to Brandenburg, 648;
in Eussia, attitude of Peter the Great
towards, 529; Indemnity Acts and, vi
44; Frederick William I and, 208; in
Naples, 599 ; in Austria, 686 ; in Prussia,
711; in France, before the Kevolution,
vm 52; and the Eevolution, 732 sqq.,
790; Napoleon I and, ix 204 sqq.; perse-
cution of, in the States of the Church, x
152 ; in Eome, xi 74 ; Hungarian Diet and,
210; in Switzerland, 256; in Moldavia,
283; in Eoumania under Constitution of
1866, 646; in Sweden, 680; in Tuscany,
706 ; in Austria, xii 193 ; in Eussia, 339
sq., 351, 359; in later Eoumania, 397
sqq.; researches in the history of, 846
Jezierski, John, Count, Polish deputy,
X 467; 469
Jhansi, annexation of, xi 743; 746; 749
Jibuti, exploration from, xii 813
Jicin. See Gitschin
Jingo, mythological Empress of Japan, xn
564
Joan of Brabant, i 418, 423
Joanna, Queen of Castile. See Juana
I, Queen of Naples (d. 1382), i 108
II, Queen of Naples (d. 1434), i 108
Queen of Naples, widow of Ferdi-
nand I, I 476
Queen of Naples, widow of Ferdi-
nand II, I 476
Joao (John) I, King of Portugal, i 10
II, King of Portugal, i 16 sq., 20,
24
Ill, King of Portugal, n 172, 412 sq.
Dom, Prince of Portugal, death of,
XI 574
Jochmus, A., German politician, xi 200
Jodelle, Estienne, ni 55
Jodhpur, State of, xi 726
Bijai Singh, Maharaja of, ix 719
Jonsson, Thure, revolts against Gustavus
Vasa, n 626 sq.
Joffrin, French socialist, xn 124
Johannesburg, beginnings of, xn 639 ; rail-
way to, 640
Johannot, Joseph- Jean, French deputy, vni
380, 385
John XXII (Jacques d'Euse of Cahors),
Pope, I 656; v 621
King of Abyssinia, xn 240; 440;
444
II, King of Aragon, i 347
II, King of Castile, i 347, 351,
379
King of Denmark, i 456
V, Cantacuzenus, Emperor of the
East, I 640
II, King of France, i 389
Zapolya, King of Hungary, i 96 sqq.,
317, 336 sq.; leads national party in
Hungary, n 198; defeated by Ferdinand
I, 199; 206 sq., 220, 236, 242; Turkish
vassal, m 106-7; keeps the Hungarian
Grown by the Peace of 1533, 109; death
of (1540), 118; and Transylvania, v 339
d'Albret, King of Navarre. See
Navarre
Albert, King of Poland (1492-1501),
and Wladislav II of Bohemia, i 336;
345
(II) Casimir, King of Poland, arrested,
IV 378 ; sues for aid at Vienna, 427 ; and
Prussian sovereignty, 429; Charles X
and, 679 sqq. ; renounces claim to
Swedish Crown, 590; v 344; 349 sq.;
504; VI 664
Ill (Sobieski), King of Poland, v 41;
49; 341; 350 sq.; defeats Turks, 353
sq. ; elected king, 345 ; 355 ; makes peace
with Turkey, 355; and Louis XIV, 356;
and the Emperor, 356, 362 sq.; aids
Austria against Turks, 359, 361; 364
sq.; death of, 365, 370; 651; vi 105;
191 sq.
IV (Duke of Braganza), King of
Portugal, Eupert and, iv 463 sq. ; pro-
claimed King, 651 sq., 713; Holland
and, 714; and Brazil, 753; v 105; 872:
674; VI 389
V, King of Portugal, death of, vi
384
VI, King of Portugal, marriage of,
VI 381 ; becomes Eegent, 388; rule of, as
Prince Eegent, ix 72, 301 sqq. ; in Brazil,
304, X 310 sq.; succeeds to throne (1816),
311; 312; returns to Lisbon, 313; 317;
and independence of Brazil, 317, 319;
death of, 320
King of Saxony, xi 69; 455
Ill, King of Sweden, n 627, 629-32 ;
candidate for Crown of Poland, in 91, 94;
408
General Index,
policy of, IV 158; Finland bequeathed to,
160; marries Catherine Jagello, 162;
164; revolts, 165; becomes King, ih.\
166 sqq. ; death of, 169, 173
John, Archduke of Austria, ix 65-7 ; 258 ;
commands the army of Inner Austria,
346-7; 353-5; desires renewal of war,
859 ; 580 ; X 357 ; xi 152 ; elected Reichs-
verweser, 165; 166 sqq.; 171; Eegent of
Austria, 176; 178; 189; Frankfort As-
sembly and, 194; 199 sq.; resigns office,
230; 222
Don, of Austria, natural son of
Charles V, II 409 ; ml8; 31; atLepanto,
134 sqq., 494 sq. ; at Tunis, 497 ; sent to
Netherlands, 244 sqq., 286, 302; 490,
498; death of (1578), 499, 500 sq. ; 615;
597
Don, of Austria (natural son of
Philip IV, d. 1679), iv 619 ; child of Seiiora
Calderon, 649; sent to Naples, 667 sq. ;
659 sq. ; in Catalonia, 661 ; Court faction
of, 665; V 34 sq.; 45
of Baden. See Trier
of Bavaria. See Li^ge
Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg.
See Brandenburg
Don, of Brazil, Prince Eegent of
Portugal, demands the retrocession of
Olivenpa, ix 005
of Capistrano, Italian preacher, i 69,
77, 629, 647
Infante of Castile, i 453
son of Frederick I of Denmark, n
229
Damascene, works of, i 686 sq.
Philip, Rhinegrave, in 3, 6; death
of, 13; IV 375
Sigismund Zapolya, crowned as in-
fant, II 242; heir of Hungary, iii 118,
170 sq.; Transylvania adjudged to (1562),
123 ; annexes Szatmar, 125 ; does homage
to Solyman II, 126
of Goch. See Pupper
of Leyden (Jan Beuckelssen), ii 225
sq. ; in 740, 755
of Lorraine, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Rheims. See Lorraine
of Parma, the Blessed, i 663
of Eagusa, Cardinal, i 699
of Salisbury, medieval scholar and
writer, i 536
of Speyer, printer at Venice, i 284,
561
Johnson, Andrew, vii 469, 543 ; President
of the United States, 546, 598; policy of,
625 sqq. ; rupture of, with Congress,
628 sqq.
Joseph, publisher, viii 765
Reverdy, United States Minister to
Great Britain, vii 636; xii 21
Samuel, vi 84; 610; x 697; 701
Samuel (Whig divine), his works
burnt at Oxford, vi 807
Sir William, vii 95, 98, 124 sqq.
Johnson, William Samuel, deputy for Con-
necticut at Constitutional Convention, vii
246, 257, 271
W. H., Indian Survey official, xn
801
Johnston, Albert Sidney, Confederate
general, vii 462; killed at Shiloh, 497
Archibald, of Warriston, afterwards
Lord Warriston, at the General Assembly
at Glasgow, iv 500
Sir Harry Hamilton, xii 811
Joseph Eccleston, vii 452 ; and Bull
Run, 465 sqq. ; 468 ; retreats to Gordons-
ville, 472 ; 474 sqq. ; at Fair Oaks, 476 ;
604 sq. ; succeeds Bragg, 614, 616;
retreats to Atlanta, 521 ; censured, 622 ;
in North Carolina, 529 sq. ; surrender of,
542
Major, in New South Wales, ix 739
Johnstone, George, Commodore, vi 377 sq.;
454; 565
Sir Nathaniel, Governor of Charleston
(Carolina), vii 37
Robert, son of Sir Nathaniel,
Governor of South Carolina, vii 38
Joinville, Guise at, iii 1, 31; treaty at
(1585), 37
Fran90i8-F.-P.-L. -M. d' Orleans,
Prince de, xi 505
J6kai, Maurice, Hungarian novelist, xi
430 sq.
Joliet, Louis, French-Canadian explorer,
VII 362
Jomard, Edme-Franpois, Orientalist, viii
605
Jomini, Baron Henry, Russian general, at
the Congress of Vienna, ix 587
Jonas, Justus, Lutheran theologian, 11 201,
207
Joner, Wolfgang, Abbot of Kappel, n 320,
337
Jones, Griffith, Welsh divine, vi 81
Sir Harford, ambassador to Persia,
XII 800
Col. John, in Ireland, iv 647
John Paul (John Paul), naval ad-
venturer, VI 449; VII 220
Michael, defends Dublin, iv 631 sq. ;
defeats Ormonde at Rathmines, 633;
634
Richard, political economist, x 783
Roger, Lieutenant, burns Harper's
Ferry Armoury (1861), vii 454
Col. Theophilus, iv 647
Sir William, M.P., v 228
Sir William, writer, viii 755
Sir William, Orientalist, xii 845
Jonesborough, Confederates defeated at
(1864), VII 522
Jongestal, Allard Pieter, Dutch envoy to
England, v 141
Jonker-Franzen War (1488-91), i 449
Jonkoping, Assembly at (1699), iv 172;
threatened by Danes, 179; Treaty of
(1809), IX 323
General Index,
409
Jonqui^re, Clement de Taffanel, Marquis
de La, in New France, vii 119
Jonson, Ben, iii 329, 380; it 760; 762; v
745
Jordan, Camille, member of the Conseil des
Cinq-Cents, viii 506 sq. ; ix 24 ; x 42 ; 47 ;
and the Doctrinaires, 62-3; and press
censorship, 64; 65; 66; issues election
proclamation, 67 ; 60 ; 63 ; and new elec-
toral proposals, 66; 67; dismissed from
Council of State, 68 ; 73 ; 103
Sir Joseph, English vice-admiral, v
192 sq.
J. L. von, at the Congress of Vienna,
1x585
Sylvester, Professor at Marburg, x
374; 377
Jos6, Dom, son of Pedro III of Portugal,
VI 388
Joseph I, Emperor, v 47 ; crowned King of
Hungary, 367; 401; and Charles XII,
417, 597; 419; and peace negotiations,
422 sqq., 427, 457; and Clement XI,
454; recognises Stanislaus Leszczynski,
696; and Augustus II, ib.; Treaty of,
with Sweden, 607; death of, 429, 431;
VI 97; 201; 586
II, Emperor, v 455; 516; Vol. vi.
Chap, xvm; 346; 354 sq. ; 470; and
Clement XIV, 694; 600; and Tuscany,
601; 603; and Switzerland, 616; 664;
and Poland, 668 sq. ; and Catharine II,
676, 678, 708; 676; 703; in Bohemia,
704 ; and War of the Bavarian Succession,
706 sq. ; and Austrian Netherlands, 710 ;
731; viii 277, 280 sqq.; invades Holland,
287 ; and Frederick the Great, 309 ; policy
of, 310 sqq.; in Crimea, 315; declares
war on Turkey (1788), 316 sq., 324 sqq.,
524; and Austrian Netherlands, 317 sqq.,
327 sqq. ; and Turkey, ix 385 ; revolt
against policy of, 415 ; x 135 ; 144 sq. ;
and "Punctations of Ems," 158; and
the Church, 357 ; 406 ; and Galicia, 461 ;
520; XI 399; 401; 422; 431; 653; anti-
papal policy of, 708; death of, vi 654,
VIII 292, 332
I, King of Portugal, vi 166; 368;
reign of, 384 sqq. ; death of, 375, 388
King of Spain. See Bonaparte,
Joseph
Archduke, Palatine of Hungary, ix
41; XI 673
Clement. See Cologne, Joseph
Clement, Elector of
le Pere (Fran9ois Leclerc du Trem-
blay), at Eatisbon, iv 115, 138, 141, 680;
Bichelieu and, 123; 135; death of, 149;
notice of, 150; Grotius and, 250; 376
Michael, leader of Cornish rebels, i
469
Josephine, Empress (de Beauharnais, nee
Tascher de la Pagerie), consort of Napo-
leon I, VIII 563; 678; ix 23-4; 32, 107,
113, 139-40
Josephstadt. See Jaromef
Josephus, early printed editions of, i
012 sq.
J6sika, Baron Nicolas, Hungarian writer,
XI 426; 430
Baron Samuel, xi 152; 216
Joubert, Barth^lemy-Catharine, French
general, vm 444, 566, 580, 582 sq., 654;
succeeds Macdonald, 657; killed, 659,
672
French Lutheran, burnt at Paris,
n 284
and Egyptian finances, xii 434
Jouffroy, Theodore- Simon, x 95; 103; 514
Joule, James Prescott, and theory of heat,
XII 784
Jourdan, Comte Jean-Baptiste, Marshal of
France, viii 351 ; commands Army of the
North, 431; and Army of the Sambre
and Meuse, 435 sqq., 442, 497 sq. ;
Fructidorien, 615; at Stockach, 656; in
the Cinq-Cents, 673, 676 sq.; ix 71; 112;
at Talavera, 452; director of King Joseph's
armies, 476; at Burgos, 477; strengthens
garrison of Pampeluna, 478
Mathieu Jouve, Avignon bandit, viii
218
Journal des Bihats, ix 130, 670, x 59, 91,
97, 490, 607, xi 34, 292
de VEmpire, ix 130
de Paris, ix 130
du Peuple, xi 24
Jovanovich, Baron, xii 400
Jove-Llanos, Gaspar Melchor de, Spanish
dramatic poet, v 69; vi 823; vm 782
Jovius, Paulus. See Giovio, Paolo
Joyce, Cornet George, iv 342
Joyeuse, Anne, Duke of, iii 36 sq., 40;
death of, 43
Franpois de, Cardinal, iii 433; 452;
IV 671
Henry, Duke of. Marshal of France,
in 668, 684
William, Vicomte de, Marshal of
France, iii 3, 20 sqq.
Joyeuse Entree, vi 651 sq.
Juan, Jorge, x 273
Don, of Austria. See John
Juana, Princess of Castile {La Beltraneja),
I 352, 363
la Loca, Queen of Castile, i 362-4,
368, 373, 379, 453, 455, 476-7
Dona, sister of Philip II, in 479-80,
484, 490
Juarez, Benito Pablo, Mexican statesman,
x305; XI 476 sq.; 479; and Maximilian,
484 ; 565 ; President of Mexico, xn 676 ;
and Porfirio Diaz, 677
Jub river, Germany and, xii 661
Jub^, Auguste, Baron de La P^relle, Ad-
jutant-general of the Directorial Guard,
vin 677
Jud, Leo, n 316, 318
Judenburg, truce at (1797), vm 682, 585
Jiihlke, African explorer, xn 160
410
General Index,
Juel, Jens, Danish admiral, v 671; 579
Niels, Danish admiral, v 561; 670
Owe, negotiates with Charles X, iv
687
Jiilich, siege of (1610), iv 118; and the
Treaty of Cleves, 409; War of, 426;
433; taken by Archduke Leopold, 624;
acquired by Duke of Neuburg, v 33 ; 350 ;
the Allies at, 409; 627 sq.; 643; and
War of the Austrian Succession, vi 231 ;
339
Jiilich and Berg, Maria, heiress of, marries
John in of Cleves, ii 236, ra 716
— William IV, Duke of, n 236
Jiilich-Cleves, duchy of, n 75, 236, 239,
243 sqq.; the disputed succession in, in
558, 686 sqq., 715 sqq.; siege of Jiilich
by Maurice, 643; taken by Archduke
Leopold, 688 ; Archduke Albert cuts off
access to, 689; Henry IV's designs upon,
687 sqq.; exposed to Dutch immigration,
705 ; " Possessing " Princes in, 730-2 ;
succession in, iv 2, 5 ; 10 ; 12 sq. ; 100 ;
104; and Peace of Westphalia, 408;
France, Brandenburg and, 428; 578; 624
Jiihch-Cleves-Berg, partition of, vi 231
Anna of (daughter of William V),
claim to the duchies, in 716
Antonia (Duchess of Lorraine), 2nd
consort of Duke John William of, iii
722; regent, 729
Jacobaea of Baden-Baden, 1st con-
sort of John William, Duke of, ni 715 sq.
John III (de La Marck), Duke of, ii
75 ; unites the duchies, 236 ; in 716
John William, Duke of, death of
(1609), ni 642, 686, 729;. Bishop of
Miinster, 705; 709; insanity of, 715 sq.;
722
Magdalena of (daughter of William),
in 716
Maria (of Austria), Duchess of,
married to William V, n 244
Maria Eleonora (daughter of William
V), claimant to the duchies, in 716, v
636
Sibylla (daughter of William V), as
possible claimant, in 716; second marriage
of, 729
William V (de La Marck), Duke of
{also of Gelders), n 75 ; submits to
Charles V, 77, 244 sq., i 424; becomes
Lutheran, ii 236 sq., 243 ; excluded from
Schmalkaldic League, 239, 241; 252;
450 sq.; in 156; 172; 705; insanity
of, 715; succession to, 716; v 636
Jiiterbok, Treaty of (1611), m 733 ; Gallas
defeated at, iv 388
Julian the Apostate, ni 752
Juhan, George W., of Indiana, vii 469
Juliana Maria, Queen of Denmark, consort
of Frederick V, vi 746 ; 749 sqq. ; 754 ;
vm 279
Juliers, William IX, Duke of, and of Gelders.
See Gelders
Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), Pope, i
110, 177 ; an enemy of the Borgia, 184 ;
221; Perugia and Bologna attacked by,
128, 245; Venice and, 129-34, 196, 244
sqq., 268 ; and League of Cambray, 131,
246 sq.; War between France and, 135
sq., 197 sq., 248 sqq.; Maximilian I and,
139, 319; Cesare Borgia and, 195 sqq.,
242 sq.; and Holy League, 198, 248 sq.,
366, 479; death of, 139, 252; character of,
243 sq.; Galilean Church and, 388; 491,
548; Church reform and, 620 sq.; 655,
657; a pluralist, 659; 657, 665, 667; 670;
sale of offices by, 672; 690; art under,
n 5-10 ; 30, 281, 426 ; ni 737
Ill (Giovanni Maria del Monte), Pope,
n 85 sqq., 90 ; sends Council back to
Trent, 266; 399; sends Pole to England,
518 sq. ; death of, 534 ; and the Jesuits,
655 ; 663, 668, 670, 672
Julius ExclusuSy attack on Julius II in,
n 9
JuUian, Camille, French historian, xii
834
Jung Bahadur, xi 749
Joachim, naturalist, v 734
Jungbunzlau, school of Bohemian Brethren,
in 703 ; Austrian magazine at, vi 257
Junge Pfalz. See Sulzbach
Jungfernhof, Saxons defeated at (1700), v
587
Jungius, Jacob, rnan of science, iv 425
Jungman, Josef, Cech writer, xi 653 sq.
Junisbeg, Turkish ambassador at Venice,
m 113
Junius, Franciscus. See Du Jon, Franpois
Junius, Letters of, vi 441
Junker, Wilhelm, African explorer, xii
811 sq.
Junot, Andoche, Due d'Abrant^s, French
general, viii 664, 585 sq., 611; ordered
to Lisbon, ix 303-4 ; French in Portugal
commanded by, 343 ; Italian peasant
revolt crushed by (1806), 398; attacks
Lisbon, 428, x 310; in possession of
Portugal, IX 429 sq. ; 435-6 ; and cam-
paign of 1808, 439 ; proposals to British,
440-1 ; 456 ; at Busaco, 461 ; and Russian
campaign, 488 sqq.; occupies Lisbon, x
310
♦* Junto," becomes exclusively Whig (1697),
v 2«74
Jura, Swiss manufactures in, ix 425 ; dis-
turbances in, XI 240 ; 242 ; 246 ; 259
Jureff, Nikita Romanovich, v 496
Jurieu, Pierre, v 76 ; 87
Jurischitz, Hieronymus, in 108 sq.
Nicholas, heroic defence of Giins by,
in 107
Jussieu, lecturer in the French School of
Medicine, excluded, x 78
Jussuf, Grand Vezir (1711), v 606
Grand Vezir (1788), vin 325 sq.
Justamond, John 0., writer, vn 96
Ju^sticia, in Aragon, i 351
General Index.
411
Justification by Faith, doctrine of, at
Trent, n 645, 667 sq.
Justinian, Institutes, xn 704
Jutland, rising in (1534), ii 614 sq.; iv 102
sq. ; restored to Denmark, 109 ; Swedish
reduction of, 387; 561; 567; 571; 584 sq.;
invaded by Frederick William, 588 ; 589 ;
V 607 ; 609 ; agricultural condition of, vi
737 ; XI 167 ; lost by Danes, 441 ; pro-
vincial Diet of, 692
Juusten, Paulus. See Viborg, Ordinary
(and Bishop) of
Juxon, William, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Bishop of London, iv 279 ; Lord
Treasurer, 283
Kaarden, Paul van, in 638
Kabardia (Kabardine district), vi 304; ac-
quired by Russia, 674
Kabeljaauws, party in opposition to Jac-
queline of Hainault, i 419 sq., 423, 445
Kabul, the Emperor Babar at, vi 509; 510;
occupied by Humayun, 511; 512; 517;
Shah Jehan's army at, 518; 524; 627;
XI 731; evacuation of, 733; 735 sq.;
Russian envoy at, xii 34, 469, 801; 37;
459; 466; Cavagnari murdered at, 471;
475; Sir Mortimer Durand at, 483;
caravan route to, 793; 800
Kabylia, rising in, xii 129
Kachar, invaded, xi 727; 730
Kachovski, Peter, Russian officer, x 443
Karst, Julius, German historian, xii 845
Kaser, Leonard, Lutheran martyr, ii 202
Kauffi, Kilian, Abbot of St Gall, ii 331
Kaffa, Crimean port, vi 305
Kaffirs, War with (1834-5), xi 780 ; restored
to their land, 781; War with (1850-3),
784; Transkei, England makes war on,
XII 636
KafEraria, British, xi 786
Kafiristan, valleys of, xn 805
Kaga, daimio of, xi 832
Kagg, Field-Marshal Lars, iv 589
Kagoshima, British squadron at, xi 846;
849; naval expedition to, 853; 864; the
Satsuma clan and, xii 562; 563
Kaim, Austrian general, ix 62
K'aip'ing, xii 505; Japanese army at,
588 sq.
Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, xii 171
Kaisersberg, Johannes Geiler von, i 323;
preaches on Shiy of Fools, 683; ii 29,
106
Kaiserslautem, French in, iv 144 ; taken by
the Imperialists, 367 ; Brunswick at, vin
424; battle of (1793), 427 sq.
Kaiserswerth, siege of (1702), v 406
Kaja, and the battle of Gross- Gorschen
(1813), IX 517
Kakhanoff, Commission of, xii 313; 318
Kakoun, fight at, viii 609
Kalahari desert, xi 783 ; crossed by Living-
stone, XII 808
Kalakaua, King of Hawaii, vii 667
Kalamas river, the Greek frontier and, xn
398, 403
Kalamata, captured by Venetians, v 365
Kalands, The (German associations), ii
108
Kalat, Khan of, and Quetta, xn 467
Kalayeff, murders Grand Duke Sergius, xn
350
Kalb, French agent in America, vi 352
Kalckreuth, Count Friedrich Adolph of,
Prussian envoy, vin 412 ; 415 ; Prussian
Marshal, Governor of Danzig, ix 289;
292, 307
Kalckstein, Ludwig Karl von, Prussian
general, vi 230
Kalgan, xn 792; caravan route to, 793;
796; Younghusband at, 802; 804
Kalgoorlie, gold discovered at, xn 619;
634
Kalinjar, Sher Shah killed at, vi 511
Kalisch, Swedes defeated at (1706), v595;
Convention of (1813), ix 513; 579, 592,
696 ; Kutusoff at, 514-5 ; part of depart-
ment of, ceded to Prussia, 655-6 ; x 449 ;
455
Kdllay, Baron Benjamin von, Austrian
Minister of Finance, xn 199 sq. ; 400
Kalm, Peter, Swedish traveller, vii 102 sq.
Kalmar, Union of (1397), i 293, 502, n 228,
600, IV 170, 561 ; Court of Erik at, 161 ;
Statute of (1587), 168 sq.; taken by
Swedes, 172 sq.; war of (1611), 177, 179,
660, 565 sq.
Kalnoky, Count Gustave, Austrian states-
man, XII 199; 211
Kalpi, rebels defeated at, xi 749
Kaltenborn, Rudolph Wilhelm von, Letters
of an old Prussian Officer, vi 713
Kaluga, retreat to (1812), ix 497-9
Kama river, Russian boundary, v 481
Kameke, General von, xi 586 sq.; 589
Kameniec, taken by Turks (1672), v 353;
354 sq.; 365; restored to Poland (1699),
371
Kamenskoi, Michel F^dorovitch, Count,
Russian Field-Marshal, orders Russian
retreat, ix 284 ; succeeded by Bennigsen,
285
Count Nikolai, and War with Turkey,
IX 485
Kames, Henry Home, Lord, vni 769
Kamienie, plain of, in 86
Kamimura, Japanese admiral, xn 588
Kammergericht, of Frederick III, i 304,
313; of MaximiUan I, 313, 316. See
also Reichskammergericht
Kammermeister, Joachim. See Camerarius
Kampschulte, F. Wilhelm, German his-
torian, XII 847
Karaptz, K. C. A. H. von, Prussian states-
man, X 377
Kamran, son of Emperor Babar, vi 510 sq.
Kamran Shah, ruler of Herat, xi 731
Kamschatka, survey of, v 535; Russian
fortress in, xi 272
412
General Index,
Kanagawa, xi 833; 836; opened to trade,
840; 842
Kanakas, in Queensland, xn 625; 633
Kanaris, Constantine, Greek admiral, x 186 ;
XII 391
Kanawha valley. Crook in, vn516; Hunter
retires to, 531
Kandahar, reduction of, by Babar, vi 509 ;
611; taken from the Persians, 512; 518;
lost to the Moghuls, 519; 524; 527; xi
731; Shah Shuja crowned at, 732; 733
sqq.; relief of, xn 37; 459; 470 sq.;
Eoberts's march to, 475; caravan route
to, 793; 800
Kandy, King of, Dutch treat with, iv 711 ;
British troops in (1803), ix 734
Kanem, the French Congo and, xii 130
K'ang Yuwei, Chinese Keformer, xii 517
Kangaroo Island, xi 792
K'anghsi, Emperor of China, xii 514
Kanhoji, Gaekwar, holds Baroda, ix 726
Kankrin, Count Jegor, Russian Minister
of Finance, x 422 ; 428 ; xi 265 sq.
Kano, explorers at, xii 807 sq.
Kansas, creation of Territory of, vii 427;
the struggle in (1854-6), 430, 434 sq.,
458; refused admission to Union, 435;
in Civil War, 462 ; negro suffrage in, 629 ;
population of, 708, 711
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), vii 427 sqq.,
444
Kan-su, exploration in, xii 797
Kansuh Ghuri, Mamluk Sultan of Syria,
defeated by Selim I, i 91
Kant, Immanuel, writings of, vi 727 sq.;
825 sqq.; 834 sq.; 837; viii 772 sq.; ix
325; 328; Project of a Perpetual Peace,
669; Schiller and, x 391; 393; 400; xii
155
Kapolna, Hungarians repulsed at, xi 205
Kappel, forces of Zurich at, ii 331 ; First
Peace of (1529), 332; battle of, 196, 216,
217, 337; death of Zwingli at, 209, 216;
Second Peace of (1531), 338
Kappeyne, Joannes, Dutch statesman, xii
243 sq.
Kara Sea, exploration of, xii 795
George Petrovich, Servian leader, ix
387; X 172; xi 284 sq.
Ibrahim, Grand Vezir, v 366 sq.
Mustafa, Grand Vezir, succeeds
Ahmad Kiuprili, v 355; 358; marches
against Austria, 359; 360; besieges Vienna,
360 sqq.; retreat of, 363; death of, 364
Osman, Mediterranean pirate, iii 541
Karabusa, retained by Venice, v 349
Karachi, xi 346; 732; capture of, 736
Karageorgevich, Alexander. See Alexander
Peter. See Peter
Karagu6, explorers in, xii 809
Karakorum, ruins of, xii 792
pass, XII 801
Karakozoff, D., attempts to assassinate
Tsar Alexander II, xi 626, 630, xu 295;
298; 303
Karamsin, Nicolai Mikhailovitch, Russian
historian, viii 784; treatise of, ix 487;
X 438; XI 262; xii 842
Karashahr, travellers at, xii 799, 802 sq.
Karatheodori, Alexander, at Congress of
Berlin, xii 394; Provincial Governor of
Crete, 419
Karauli, State of, xi 726
Karaveloff, Regent of Bulgaria, xii 409
Kardis, Peace of (1661), v 344, 505, 562 sq.,
587
Karikal, France and, vi 347, 464, 533
Karim Khan, Pindari chief, xi 725 sq.
Karl, Duke of Sudermanland. See
Charles IX of Sweden
Karlshamn, recovered by Sweden, v 570
Karlskrona, Swedish naval station, v 578;
610 ; VI 28 ; new docks at, 775 sq.
Karlstad, built by Charles IX, ly 176 ; con-
ference at, XII 289
Karlsten, fortress of, v 583
Karman, Joseph, Hungarian writer, xi 423
Karnkowski, Bishop of Cujavia. See Cu-
javia
Karp6vich, Russian student, xn 315
Kars, Turkish army crosses Euphrates near,
III 121; ceded to Russia, xii 342, 398;
389; 392
Karski, John, Polish officer, x 453
Karwonski, family of, iii 75
Kaschan, submits to Emperor Leopold I,
V 366
Kashgar, Russia and, xi 632; xii 343;
caravan route to, 793 ; 796 ; 800 sqq.
Kashgaria, China and, xii 502
Kashirsk iron-works, v 533
Kashmir, under Moghul dynasty, vi 511,
512 ; in 1747, 524, xi 731 ; and the Sikhs,
732, 740; xii 485; 793; exploration in,
800, 802
Kasimbazar, factory of, seized, vi 551;
553
Kasimir IV, King of Poland. See Casimir
Kaskaskia, captured by Clarke (1778), vii
221 sq.; 356
Kassange, Livingstone at, xn 808
Kassassin, Egyptian defeat at, xn 437
Katak, capture of (1805), ix 726
Katharina Alexeievna, Grand Duchess of
Russia. See Catharine II, Tsarina
Katkoff, Michael, Russian journalist, xi
625 sq.; 629; editor of the Moscow
Gazette, xn 296; 298; 300; 311; opposes
Ignatieff, 313; 314
Katona, Joseph, Hungarian dramatist, xi
424; 430 sq.
Kats^na, explorers at, xn 810
Katt, de, reader to Frederick the Great, vi
281; 290
Katte, Hans Hermann von, Prussian officer,
VI 212
Katunga, explorers in, xn 807
Katwijk, naval action off (1653), iv 476
Katzbach, French reverse at (1813), ix 524,
528
General Index.
413
Kaufmann, Constantine von, Governor of
Russian Turkestan, xi 631 sq. ; xii 461 ;
470
Kaulbars, Alexander, Russian general, Bul-
garian Minister of War, xii 405 ; in the
Russo-Japanese War, 597 sqq. ; on the
Pamirs, 802
Nicholas, Russian major-general, in
Bulgaria, xii 409 sq.
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Prince von, Aus-
trian Chancellor, vi 249 ; 252 sqq. ; and
Franco- Austrian alliance, 320, 331, 335
sqq. , 400 sq. ; 341 sqq. ; and Prussia,
398 sq., 647 sq., 656, 702; rejects British
overtures, 427 ; 615 sq. ; and Joseph II,
627; 628; and Russia, 629 sq.; 631; 633;
and Turkish alliance, 634; 635; 639;
and United Provinces, 640 ; and Antwerp,
642; 651; 654 sq. ; 670; and Frederick
the Great, 708; 783; vin 221, 277 sq.,
310, 313 sq., 319, 399; retires (1792),
533; originates idea of the Concert of
Europe, x 3
Kavanaghs, The, in 583
Kawamura, Japanese general, xii 585;
597 sq.
Kawerau, G., German historian, xii 847
Kay, Prussian defeat at, vi 292, 324
John, and the weaver's loom, x
735
Robert, and the weaver's loom, x
735
Kayserling, Count, Russian Minister at
Warsaw, vi 200; 667
Kazalinsk Fort, xi 273
Kazan, annexed to Russia, v 479 ; 502 ; 531 ;
illegal taxation in, x 426 ; University of,
431; student disturbances at, xii 315
Kazembe, embassy to, xii 808; 809
Kazeneck, Count, Austrian Minister, viii
282
Kazinczy, Francis, Hungarian poet, vin
777; XI 423 sqq.; 431
Kazvin, Morier at, xii 800
Keane, John Keane, Lord, British major-
general at New Orleans, vii 345; Com-
mander-in-chief at Bombay, xi 732
Kearny, Philip, American general, vii 395
Kearsarge, The, fights the "commerce-de-
stroyer" Alabama, vii 566
Keate, Robert William, Governor of Natal,
XI 787
Keats, John, vi 830, 834 sq. ; the poetry of,
X 720 sqq. ; xi 350
Keble, John, x 657; and Oxford Move-
ment, XI 348; 354; 711
Kedah, Great Britain and, xii 536
Keeling, William, in India, iv 741
Keely. See Quaelly
Keenan, Augustus H., Confederate Senator,
VII 605
Keene, Sir Benjamin, English ambassador
at Madrid, vi 65 sqq. ; 146 sq.; 149; 155;
157; and Patino, 166; 167; 363 sq. ;
death of, 365
0. M. H.
Kehl, captured by French (1703), v 407;
408; 410; ceded by France, 436; 450;
454
Keigwin, Richard, revolt of, at Bombay, v
698
Keiller, James, manufacturer, xi 684
Keiskama river, xi 780
Keith, George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount,
Admiral, expedition of, to Cape Colony,
viii 484 sq., IX 749; viii 617, 632; ix
51 ; 53, 58 ; defends Straits of Dover, 210
James Francis Edward (Marshal
Keith), VI 105; at Prague, 259; 280;
306 sq. ; death of, 289
Sir Robert Murray, Colonel, English
Minister at Copenhagen, vi 737; 760;
vm 277
Keksholm, ceded to Russia by Sweden
(1595), IV 171, (1721), V 615; iv 176;
Peace of Stolbova and, 181
Kelantan, Great Britain and, xii 536
Kelat-i-Ghilzai, evacuation of, xi 735
Keller, Augustine, and suppression of Aargau
monasteries, xi 246
Count D.-L.-Christophe yon, vin
429
Count Emile, French politician, xi
469; 472
Ferdinand, archaeologist, xi 261
Gottfried, x 405; xi 261 ; 417 sqq.
Count, Russian general, xu 687
sqq.
Kellermann, Franpois-Christophe, Due de
Valmy, Marshal of France, vm 346, 351 ;
commands the Army of the Centre, 409
sqq., 413, 415; and War with Sardinia,
437, 443 sq., 57O
Frangois-Etienne, Due de Valmy
(son of above), French general, at Water-
loo, IX 636 sqq.
Kellett, Sir Henry, Vice-Admiral, xii 795
Kelley, Benjamin Franklin, Federal general,
VII 457
Kellgren, Johan Henrik, Swedish poet,
VIII 789
Kellie, Alexander Erskine, 6th Earl of. vi
117
Kelly, George, Jacobite, vi 111
impostor at Court of Rudolf 11, ra
697
Kelso, attacked by the English (1522), n
420, (1542), 456, (1544), 460; Jacobites
at, VI 99, 101
Kelung, French occupation of, xii 131
Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, xii 784 sq. :
787 ' 1 .
Kemble, John Mitchell, historian, xii 835
Kem^ny, Sigismund, Baron, xi 426 sq.:
430 ^
Kem^nyi, John, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Kempen, Stephen, Reformer, n 161
Kempenaar, de, Dutch Liberal, xi 663
Kempis, Thomas k, the Imitation of Christ,
I 625, 628; v 765
26
414
General Index,
Kempten, abbots of, ii 176; risings of
peasants at (1525), 179; the 14 Protestant
cities joined by, 205
Kempthorne, Sir John, Vice-Admiral, y
192 sq.
Kendal, Jacobite force at, vi 101
Ehrengard Melusina von der Schu-
lenburg, Duchess of, vi 19 ; 484
Kenesaw Mountain, fighting at (1864), vn
521
Kenia, Mount, xii 809
Kenmare, Thomas Browne, Viscount, and
the Irish Catholics, ix 694 ; x 627 ; 640
Kenmure, William Gordon, 6th Viscount,
VI 101; 103
Kennebec river, Popham and Gilbert land
at, VII 12 ; boundary of Acadia, 20, 75, 89
Kennedy, Edmund B., Australian explorer,
XI 795
Kennemer, The (inhabitants of North Hol-
land), I 420
Kenner, Duncan F., Confederate senator,
vn 605
Kennicott, Eobert, in Yukon district, xi
633
Kenninghall, Mary Tudor at, ii 514
Kent, rising in, under Wyatt, ii 527;
Kentish Petition sent from, iv 300;
Koyalist rising in, 348 sq.
Island (Maryland), dispute concern-
ing, VII 32 sq.
Edward Augustus, Duke of, x 674
Victoria Mary Louisa, Duchess of, x
674 sq.
Kentish Knock, victory of Blake off the, iv
436, 473, 478, 480
Kentucky, settlers in, vii 221, 356 sq. ;
trade and manufacture in, 353 sq.; be-
comes a State (1791), 357; population of,
ih., 359, 689; enters Union (1792), 359,
413, 421 ; upholds Tariff, 381 ; resolutions
of (1798), 410 sq. ; and secession, 453,
461,470; invaded by Confederates (1861),
462 sq., 492; Bragg invades (1862), 507;
slavery in, 581, 584 sqq.
Keny6rmez6, defeat of Turks at (1479), i
335
Kenyon, Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron, Chief
Justice, and question of Libel, ix 672;
and Catholic Emancipation, 678
Keogh, John, and the Irish Catholics, ix
694-5, X 627 sqq.
Keon, Myles, and Back-lane Parliament,
X 628
Kepler, Johann, astronomer, ii 690 ; iii
697, 707; v 708; 711; 713 sqq.; 719
Keppel, Arnold Joost van, Earl of Albe-
marle. See Albemarle
Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount,
Admiral, vi 437 ; 450 sq. ; 462 ; resigns,
463; First Lord of Admiralty, 464
Ker, John, of Kersland, vi 92
Kerch, Eussia and, vi 634, 673 sq.
Kerdrel, Vincent-Paul -Marie-Casimir Au-
dren de, French pohtician, xii 106
Kergorlay, Comte Louis-Florian-Paul de,
X 488
Keria, Kussian explorer at, xn 799; 803
Kerjean, de, French officer in India, vi 541
Kern, J. Conrad, Swiss statesman, xi 256
Kerner, Georg, viii 773
K^roualle, Louise de. Duchess of Ports-
mouth. See Portsmouth
Kerry, O'Moores and 0' Conors in, in 688;
"undertakers" in, 599
Kerrykurrihy, granted to Earl of Desmond,
- Ill 594 ; invaded by Fitzmaurice, 595
Kersaint, Gui-Pierre de Coetnempren,
Comte de, French admiral, vm 247, 251,
449; IX 363
Kersausie, Joachim-B.-T. Gaillard de, x
491 sq. ; 499
Kervyn de Lettenhove, Baron J. M. B. C,
XII 848
Keshen, Chinese Commissioner, xi 809
Kesselsdorf, Prussian victory at, vi 244
Ket, Robert, rebellion of, ii 492
Ketteler, Freiherr Wilhelm Emmanuel von,
Bishop of Mainz. See Mainz
Baron von, German Minister at
Peking, xn 520 sq.
Kettenbach, Henry of. Reformer, n 161
Kettler, Gotthard, High Master of the
Teutonic Order, iii 73 ; v 493 sq.
Key West, in the Civil War, vii 552
Keyes, Erasmus Darwin, American general,
vn 476
Keyser, Rudolf, Norwegian historian, xi
701
Kezanlik, Bulgarian raid on, xi 638
Khaibar, Afridis in, xn 488; 489 sq.
Pass, XII 469 sqq. ; 475
Khair Eddin (Chaireddin). See Barba-
rossa II
Khalifa,^ The, xn 443 ; 447 sq.
Klialturin, Russian revolutionary, xn 307
sq.
Khan Jehdn Lodi, Afghan commander, vi
517
Kharaj, The (Turkish capitation tax), i 102
Kharkoff, Russian military colony, x 416;
XII 329 ; peasant disturbances in, 333 ;
376
Kharram, Prince. See Shah Jeban
Khartum, Gordon at, xn 40, 442 sq. ; 41
sq.; 441; fall of, 443; 444; the Khahfa
at, 447; 448; 811
Khatmandu, Ocbterlony at, ix 732
Khelat, English traveller at, xn 800
Kherson, arsenal of, vi 648; Russian
military colony, x 416
Khevenlmller, Count Ludwig Andreas,
Austrian Field-Marshal, vi 233 sqq. ; 236
Khilk6ff, Prince, and Russo-Japanese War,
xn 346; 358
Kbiva, Russia and, v 544; xi 273; Khan
of, and the Tsar, 630 ; Russian conquest
of, 631 sq. ; absorbed by Russia, xn 460;
464; 491; 793; political mission to, 800;
801
General Index,
415
Khoczim, defended by Chodkievicz, iv 189;
the Turks defeated at (1673), v 354, 364;
fortress of, vi 307 sqq. ; fortress of, cap-
tured by Austrians (1788), viii 325, 334
Khokand, principality of, vi 509 ; Khan of,
XI 273; Eussian conquest of, 632; ab-
sorbed by Eussia, xii 460
Kholm, diocese of, xii 339
Khomyak6£f, President of third Duma, xn
375
Khorasan, Eussia and, xii 492
Khoten, Eussian explorer at, xii 799 ; 800
sqq.
Khozhend, taken by the Eussians, xi 631
Khrustaly^ff, Eussian politician, xii 361 sq.
Khuen-H^dervary, Count, Hungarian states-
man, XII 199 ; 204
Khulm, Moorcroft at, xii 800
Khusrev Pasha, x 549; 562; 567
Khusru, son of Emperor Jehangir, vi 515
Kiachta, Eussian army at, xi 816 sq. ; post-
road to, XII 792 ; 795
Kianghung, State of, xii 508
Kiangsu, province of, xi 821; xn 607;
disturbances in, 517
Kiaochow, German occupation of, xii 4,
613; 132; 170
Kibalchich, Eussian revolutionary, xn 304 ;
308; 310; hanged, 311
Kibet, explorer at, xii 811
Kido, Japanese Councillor of State, xi 865 ;
xu 549 sq.
Kieff, occupied by Eussia, v 353 ; 358 ; 477
sq. ; and Lithuania, 480 ; 484 ; ceded to
Eussia (1667), 505; 511; 616; 619; 531;
Eussian retreat to (1706), 594; 595 sq. ;
Eussian administration of, x 459; Uni-
versity of, XI 267; 625; revolutionary
propaganda in, xn 304 ; 305 sq. ; Osinsky
hanged at, 307 ; 358 sq. ; mutiny at, 362
Kiel, University of, vi 753; Jackson sent
to, IX 299; Peace of (1814), 582, 656, x
19, XI 682 sq., xii 281; Provisional
Government at, xi 161 ; 225 ; 445
Kielce, school of mining in, x 449
Kieler Blatter, xi 692
Kielmannsegge, Baroness Sophia Charlotte
von. See Darlington, Countess of
Baron von, Master of the Horse,
VI 20
Kienmayer, Baron Michel de, Austrian
Field-Marshal, ix 254
Kierkegaard, Soren Aaby, Danish writer,
XI 699
Kieser, D. G. von, German professor of
medicine, x 364 sq.
Kikemba, Cameron at, xii 810
Kildare, Enghsh in, iii 580
Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of, i
466, 468, 471-2
Gerald Fitzgerald, 9th Earl of. Lord
Deputy of Ireland, ii 442, 471; iii 581
Gerald Fitzgerald, 11th Earl of, iii 590
Thomas Fitzgerald, 10th Earl of, ii
442, 471; in 681
Kildare, 20th Earl of. See Leinster, 1st
Duke of
Kilia, captured by Stephen the Great, i 83 ;
seized by the Turks (148-1), 84; demo-
lition of forts at, X 169, 175
Kilimanjaro, Mount, xn 809
Kilkenny, Confederation of, in 610; Or-
monde's Treaty at (1649), iv 435, 532;
General Assembly of Confederated Catho-
lics at (1642), 525 ; Einuccini at, 629 sq.;
531; 634; Articles of, 635
Killala, French force lands at, ix 702
Killiecrankie, battle of (1689), v 293; Pass
of, VI 116
Killybegs, arrival of Spanish vessel at, in
608
Kilmacrenan, O'Dogherty killed at, in
613
Kilmaine, Charles-Joseph, French general,
at Arlon (1793), viii 429; succeeds
Custine, 430
Kilmainham gaol, Parnell in, xn 80
Kilmarnock, William Boyd, 4th Earl of,
VI 114; 117
Kilpatrick, Hugh Judson, American general,
vn 527
John, Major, vi 541; at Plassey,
654 sq.
Kilrush, Irish rebels defeated at, iv 524
Kilsyth, Eoyalist victory of (1645), iv 332
Kil warden, Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount, and
Emmet's rebellion, ix 707
Kimberley (S. Africa), foundation of, xi
787; xn 636; Cecil Ehodes at, 638; 639;
siege of, 642
(Australia), gold discovered at, xn
619; 814
John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of (Lord
Wodehouse), xi 343
Kimbolton, death of Catharine of Aragon
at, II 444
Lord. See Manchester, 2nd Earl of
Kim-ok Kiun, Korean rebel, xn 510
Kinbergen, Dutch admiral, viii 295
Kinbuck, Jacobite force at, vi 100
Kinburn, vi 305; acquired by Eussia, 674;
besieged by the Turks (1787), viii 316
Kinchow, occupied by the Japanese, xn
611; 686
Kinder, Claude William, and Chinese rail-
ways, xn 605
Kineyri, fight at, xi 740
King, Philip Gidley, Governor of New
South Wales, ix 738
Eichard, ride of, to Grahamstown,
XI 782
Eufus, Massachusetts deputy at the
Constitutional Convention (1787), Vol.
VII, Chap. VIII passim, 364
William, Archbishop of Dublin, vi
481 sq.; 486 sq.
WiUiam, Chief of the Ngati-Awa,
XI 799
King William Island, explorers at, xn
814 sq.
26—2
416
General Index.
Kinglake, Alexander William, xi 364; xn
439
King'B Book, The, or A Necessary Doctrine
for any Christian Man, u 448
Mountain, Ferguson defeated at
(1780), VII 225 sq.
Kingsley, Charles, writings of, xi 359; at
Cambridge, 363; xii 774
Kingston (Ontario), built, vn 85; lost, 89;
125 ; captured by Bradstreet (1758), 135
sq. ; University of, xi 778 ; industries of,
XII 612
Sir Anthony, plot against Mary by,
n 544
Sir William, Lieutenant of the Tower,
n 435
Kingswood, Whitefield at, vi 83
Kinizsi, Paul, Hungarian general, i 335,
337
Kinker, Johannes, Dutch writer, xi 676
Kinsale, Spanish ships in (1601), in 532,
608; wines unshipped at, 594; Eupert
at, IV 463, 532; James II lands at, v
308
Kinsky, Count Francis Ferdinand, Chan-
cellor of Bohemia, vi 204
Kudolf, Prince, xi 655
Count William, Wallenstein and, iv
233 sq., 236, 240; murder of, 242
Kiong-Lyng, Eussia and, xii 507
Kioto, Vol. XI, Chap, xxviii (2) passim;
Japanese Court at, xii 537; 563
Kirbekan, engagement at, xii 443
Kircher, Athanasius, German scientist and
physicist, v 739
Kirchhoff, Gustav Eobert, German chemist,
XII 783
Eirchner, von, Imperial envoy at Utrecht
Congress, v 439
Kirghiz, The, and Eussia, xi 273; and
the Cossacks, xii 343
Kirkcaldy, Sir William, of Grange, warns
Cecil, III 265; joins the party of Mary,
282 sqq.
Kirke, Sir David, in Newfoundland, vii
52, 74
Lewis and Thomas (brothers of the
above), attack Quebec, vii 74
-^ — Percy, Lieutenant-general, v 232;
243; relieves Derry, 312
Kirkholm, Polish victory at (1605), iv
175, 188
Kirki, battle at, xi 726
Kirk o' field, iii 273-4
Kirkpatrick, Major James Achilles, in
India, ix 722
William, General, mission of, to
Nepal, IX 718
Kirman, English traveller at, xii 800
Kiruna, ore fields of, xii 279
Kirwan, Dean, ix 693
Kisfaludy, Alexander, Hungarian poet, xi
423
Charles, Hungarian poet, xi 424 sq. ;
431
Kishin^flf, pogroms at, xn 340
Kishiu, Prince of, xi 825, 832; 836; heir
to the Tycoon, 837; 852; 855
Kiss, General, execution of, xi 214
Kiss^leff, Paul, Count, Eussian Administra-
tor of Moldo-Wallachia, xi 282
Kitchener of Khartum, Horatio Herbert
Kitchener, Viscount, xii 130; occupies
Dongola, 447; 448; in India, 496; in
South Africa, 642
Kitchin, Anthony, Bishop of Llanda£f, ii
671
Kiu-kiang, captured by the "Taipings,"
XI 820
KiupriU, The family of, v 33, 36
Ahmad, Grand Vezir, v 40; suc-
ceeds his father, 346 ; invades Hungary,
346 sq.; in Candia, 348; 352; invades
the Ukraine, 353 sq.; death of, 355; 366
Mohammad, Grand Vezir, v 40;
343 ; and Transylvania, 344 sq. ; death
of, 346
Mustaf4, Grand Vezir, v 61 ; 368 sq.
Neuman-, Grand Vezir, v 604
Kiutayeh, Egyptian advance to, x 552;
Convention of (1833), 653, 558; Kossuth
at, XI 215
Kizil-Arvat, railway to, xii 801
Kjoge, bay of, v 570
Klagenfurt, Gorgei interned at, xi 214
Klapka, George, Hungarian general, xi 204
sq.; 207; capitulates at Komorn, 213
Klausenburg (Kolozsvar), Montecuculi at,
V 345; 346; xi 173; captured by Bem,
205
Kleber, Jean-Baptiste, French general, vm
353, 355 sq.; at Fleurus, 436, 446; and
the Egyptian expedition, 599 sq., 603,
608 sq., 611 sqq. ; in command, 616 sq. ;
assassinated (1800), 617
Klein, American newspaper correspondent
in Samoa, vii 662
Klein- Schnellendorf, Convention of, vi 232
sq.; 235
Kleist, Heinrich von, German dramatic
poet, VI 827; ix 335; x 402sq.j 407;
XI 415 sq.
von NoUendorf, Emilius Friedrich,
Count, at NoUendorf, ix 528 ; at Leipzig,
535-6; army of, 623
von, of Zeblin, vi 217
Kleist-Eetzow, Hans von, Prussian politi-
cian, XI 160; 192
Klenau, Austrian general, at Leipzig, ix
535
Klesl, Melchior, Cardinal, Bishop of Neu-
stadt and Vienna, iii 701 ; 720; 726 sq. ;
policy of, IV 1, 9 sqq.; arrest and death
of, 22; 25
Klewitz, W. A. von, Prussian financier, x
351
Klimowicze, Eussian military colony, x
416
Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian von, Ger-
man poet, X 386; 388
General Index.
417
Klingsporre, Swedish agent at St Peters-
burg, IX 38
Klissow, battle of (1702), v 581, 592
Klitzing, General von, iv 383
Klondyke, gold discovered in, xii 608;
617
Klopp, Onno, Fall of the House of Stewart,
XII 848
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, German
poet, VI 741; 754; viii 773 sq.; x 384
sqq.
Klostergrab, Protestants in, iv 15, 19
Kloster-Griissau, Silesian army at, vi 280
Klosterzeven, Convention of, vi 263 sq.,
266, 272; battle of, 341
Klutsjino, battle of (1610), rv 176
Knared, Peace of (1613), iv 179 sq., 183
Knajajevats, burned, xii 386
Knesebeck, K. F. von dem, Prussian Field-
Marshal, IX 359; interview of, with Alex-
ander, 513; at Vienna, 585; x 47
Knezevich, attempts assassination of Milan
of Servia, xii 412
Kniazhevich, Alexander, Bussian Minister
of Finance, xi 619
KniSanin, Stephan Petrovich, Serviap
general, xi 211
Knickerbocker Magazine, The, vii 742
Knies, Karl Gustav Adolf, German econo-
mist, XII 850
Knigge, Baron Adolf F. F. Ludwig von,
VIII 772
Knight, Charles, publisher, x 673
William, secretary to Henry VIII,
Bishop of Bath and Wells, ii 429
cashier of the South Sea Company,
VI 181
Knights, The, in the Empire. See
Reichsritterschaft
The German. See German Order
"Knights of Labour," and the American
railway strike, vii 707
Knights' War (1522-3), n 155 sq.
Kniperkrona, Swedish Minister at Moscow,
V 587
Kniphausen, Swedish Marshal, iv 199; in
the Weser lands, 225, 237
Knipperdollinck, Anabaptist, Burgomaster
of Miinster, ii 226 sq., 624
Knobelsdorflf, Baron von, Prussian ambas-
sador at Paris, ix 272
Knockninoss, victory of Inchiquin at (1647),
IV 531
Knodsenburg, siege of (1591), iii 626
KnoUys, Sir Francis, iii 277-8; 591
Francis, the younger, in 301
Knoop, L., and theEussian cotton industry,
XI 272; XII 321
Knoque, the Barrier Treaties and, v 457
sqq.
Knorring, Kussian general, ix 47
Knorringen, Heinrich von. Bishop of Augs-
burg. See Augsburg
Enowles, James Sheridan, dramatist, zi
352
" Know-Nothing " party, vii 425, 431 sq.,
437, 489
Knox, Alexander, Thoughts on the Will of
the People, viii 772
John, influence of Geneva on, n 374 ;
495; bishopric of Eochester offered to,
502; at Frankfort and Geneva, 556-8;
returns to Scotland, 558 sq. ; First Blast
of the Trumpet, 560; in Scotland, 573-7;
591-6; First Book of Discipline, 593;
691; III 262 sqq., 270 sqq., 549; political
theories of, 755-6; and ritual, iv 494 sq.;
497
Indian officer, defeats Shah Alam,
VI 559
Knoxville, Burnside at, vii 508, 510; be-
sieged (1863), 511
Knudson, Karl. See Charles VIII, King of
Sweden and Norway
Knuyt, John van, at Miinster, rv 401, 715
Knyphausen, Baron Dodo Heinrich von,
VI 328; Prussian ambassador in Paris,
338
Baron Friedrich Ernst von, Prussian
envoy at Stockholm, vi 36
Knyvet, Sir Thomas, naval commander, i
480
Kobdo, caravan route to, xii 793; 798
Kob^, occupation of, xi 859; opened to
foreign trade, xii 646; 805
Kobek6, Commission of, xii 358
Koch, Baron, private secretary to Empress
Maria Theresa, vi 254
John Lewis von, ix 201
Kochanovski, Michael, Polish senator, x 467
Kochubei, Count Victor, Eussian Minister,
influence of, on Alexander I, ix 483 ; x
427; XI 264
Kodok. See Fashoda
Kohler, Dutch general, xii 243
Kolcsey, Francis, Hungarian poet, xi 424
Kblner Wirren, and the German Catholics,
X 165
Koen, Jan Pieterszoon, Dutch Governor-
General of the Indies, iv 711
Koniggratz, vi 242; 257; Frederick the
Great at, 279; 705; battle of (Sadowa), xi
340, 453, 457, 480 sq., 483, 494, 540, 576,
XII 182 sq.
Koniginhof, 6ech poems and Griineberg
MS. found at, xi 654
Konigsberg, spread of Lutheranism in, n
160; University of, in 74, 78; Funck
executed at, 153; Treaty of (1656), iv
428, 582 ; foundation of, v 630 sq. ; 634
sq.; Great Elector at, 640; 644; 647;
658 ; Frederick I crowned at, 665 ; Stanis-
laus Leszczynski at, VI 197; 264; ix 280;
threatened by French, 284, 285, 290-1;
Convention signed at (1807), 292 ; Pesta-
lozzian school started at, 326 ; University
of, 327; Tugendbund formed at (1808),
328; Frederick William at (July 18,
1809), 352; political agitation at, xi 53;
54; 157
418
General Index.
Konigsegg, Count Lothar Joseph Georg
von, Austrian Field-Marshal, at Madrid,
VI 142; 145 sq.; 148 sq.; in Italy, 154
Konigshofen, defeat of Peasants' Eising at,
II 190; taken by Gustavus, iv 207
Konigsmarck, Johann Christoph, Count
von, Swedish Field-Marshal, iv 386 sq. ;
390 ; joined by Bernsbrdines, 392 ; attacks
Prague, 393
. Countess Marie Aurora von, v 668;
VI 240
. Count Otto Wilhelm von, v 365;
569 sq.
Konigstein, Frederick Augustus II, King
of Saxony, at, xi 219
Konneritz, Julius Traugott Jakob von,
Saxon statesman, xi 149
Kopenick, Treaty of (1638), v 638, 641
Korber, Ernst von, Austrian statesman,
XII 202 sq.
Korner, Karl Theodor, German poet, ix
335 ; death of, 510 ; x 403 sq, ; xii 818
Kossenick, Brandenburg- Polish treaty at
(1638), IV 378
Kothen, York at, ix 515. See also Anhalt-
Kothen
Kotschenbroda, truce of (1645), iv 390
Koevorden, siege of (1592), iii 626
Koh-i-nur diamond, taken by Ranjit Sing,
XI 732
Koh-Kut, ceded to Great Britain, xii 536
Kohlschiitter, Karl Christian, Saxon privy
councillor, influence of, ix 595
Kok, Adam (II), Griqua leader, xi 783
Jorgen, reforming Burgomaster of
Malmo, II 610
Kokang, ceded to Great Britain, xii 508
Koko-nor, travellers at, xii 797 sqq. ;
803 sq.
Kokoschkin, Russian brigadier, vi 286
Kok6shkin, F., Russian politician, xii 327;
333; 356
Kok6vtseff, Russian Minister, xii 350;
353
Kokura, clan of, xi 849 sq.
Kolaba, xi 743
Kolbe, Johann Casimir. See Wartenberg,
Count von
Kolberg, taken by Gustaf Horn, iv 196;
port of, V 641 ; vi 287 ; captured by the
Russians (1761), 297; 326; 328; besieged
by the French (1807), ix 288, 396; sur-
render demanded, 291
Heath, battle of (1644), iv 387,
571
Kolding, Rigsraad summoned to, iv 101;
Christian IV at, 102
Kolettes, John, Greek statesman, xi 279
Kolhapur, State of, xi 727
Kolima river, xii 794; exploration on,
795
KoHn, battle of, vi 261 sq., 263, 265, 341
Kollar, Jan, Slovak poet, xi 655; xii 842
Kotiataj, Hugo, Polish writer, vi 671
Kolle'r, Colonel, Danish politician, vi 751
Kollontai, Henry, Polish patriot, viii 786
Kolokol (The Bell), Russian journal, xi 625
sq.; XII 296; 298
Kolokotronis, Theodoras, Greek patriot,
VIII 789
Kolowrat-Krakowsky, Johann Karl, Count,
Austrian Field-Marshal, ix 260-1
Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Franz, Count, x
378; XI 44; 152 sqq.; resigns, 155, 171
Kolozsvar. See Klausenburg
Kolych^ff, Russian envoy at Berlin, ix 36;
at Paris, 47
Komburlej, Governor of Volhynia, x 421
Kommissaroff, Russian gendarme, xii 363
sq.; 367
Komorn (Komarom), Emperor Francis
ratifies armistice at (1809), ix 353; 355;
in Hungarian occupation, xi 184 ; 204 sq.;
relief of, 206 ; 210 ; Klapka at, 213 ; 214
Komura, Baron Juichiro, negotiates peace
with Russia, xii 600 sq.
Konarski, Stanislaus, Polish educational
reformer, vi 199
Bishop of Posen. See Posen
Kondratenko, General, in Port Arthur, xii
586, 590, 595
Kong, exploration in, xii 129; 812
Kongeaa, river, Danish frontier, xi 695 sq.
Kongsvinger, fort of, xii 289
Konia, captured by Turks (1473), i 82;
fight at (1559), between sons of Solyman
II, III 124
Konieh, railway at, xii 342
Konoy6, Japanese noble, xi 837; 839; 844
Konstantinovic, Michael, Bosnian historian,
I 72 sq.
Kootenay, mining district of, xii 608
Kopet Dagh, Russia and, xii 343
Kopidlansky, Vladyk of Kopidlno (Bohemia),
I 338
Kopienski, Ilia, Polish printer, v 529
Kopp, Eutychius, Swiss historian, xi 261 ;
XII 843
Koprili. See Kiuprili
Kora, Shuja-ud-dauU and, vi 563; 568; 569
Koraim, Sheikh, at Alexandria, viii 600
Korais, Adamantios, x 174
Korat, railway to, xii 536
Kordofan, Egyptian rule in, xii439; 440;
the Khalifa in, 448; 806
Korea, xii 4 sq. ; Russia and, 345, 507,
521 sq.; relations of, with China and
Japan, 508 sqq.; Japan and, 552, 556
sqq., 561; affairs in (1876-95), 664 sqq.;
Russian aggression in, 576 sq. ; and the
Russo-Japanese War, 579 sqq. ; 600 sq.
Straits of, xii 588
King of, XII 567 sqq. ; 571
Queen of, xii 566; murdered, 570;
571
Koregaon, Peshwa's army repulsed at, xi
726
Korff, Modest, Baron, xi 614
Koriyama, chief of, xi 842
Kormond, Archduke Charles at, ix 258
General Index,
419
Koroly^nko, Vladimir G., Russian writer,
xn 333
Koron, taken by Venetians (1685), v 365
Kororarika, xi 793; burned, 794
Korsakoff, Alexander, Russian general, viii
660 sqq., 674
Korti, Gordon relief expedition at, xii 442 ;
805
Kosa (Kaffirs), and white settlers, vi 189 ;
destruction of, xi 786
Koscielski, Polish political leader, xii 167
Kosciusko, Thaddeus, viii 532, 541 sqq.,
645 sqq., 786; ix 24; 36; meeting with
Napoleon, 283; distrusts Napoleon, 338;
Polish general, x 471
Kosegarten, Ludwig Gotthard, German
poet, X 394
Koser, Reinhold, German historian, xii
829
KosheMfE, Alexander, Russian writer, xi
625; Slavophil scheme of, xii 309
Kosheloff, Ivan, Russian explorer, xii 795
Koslofif, Crimean port, vi 305 sq.
Kosova. See Kossovo
Kosseir, Baird at, ix 734
Kossovo, victory of the Turks at (1389),
I 71, 82, 100; XII 383; 425 sq.
Kossuth, Francis, Hungarian statesman,
XII 207; 209
Louis, XI 18; 162; and the revolu-
tionary movement (1848), 153, 155 sq.;
and Hungarian Ministry, 172; and the
Slavs, 173; 180; financial measures of,
181 sq. ; 183; and Lamberg, 184; 187;
and the siege of Vienna, 188 ; and Gorgei,
203 sq., 212; 205; appointed •'Governor-
President," 207; 209 sqq.; abdication
and flight of, 212; 213 sq.; in exile,
215; England and, 351, 393; 400; 405;
writings of, 426, 431; xii 178; 207
Kostka, Jan, Palatine of Sandomeria, in
87, 90-1, 96
Kostroma, xii 306; trade depression in,
319; 329
Kota, Zdlina Singh, Regent of, ix 727
Kotoshikhin, Grigory Karpov, Russian
traveller, v 513
Kottbus, General Laudon at, vi 282; as-
signed to Saxony (1807), ix 292; circle
of, ceded to Prussia (1815), 656
Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von,
viii 773 ; assassination of, x 21, 352 ; 364
sq. ; 394; 438; influence of, on English
literature, 710; xi 699
KoumoundoAros, Greek statesman, xii 391
Kovno, Napoleon crosses the Niemen at,
IX 490; Murat at, 604; xii 386; strike
in, 350; 373
Kowloon peninsula, England and, xi 813,
xn 614
Kozloff, P. K., Russian explorer, xn 799
Kozminek, Synod of, in 79
Kozodavlefif, Joseph, Prince, Russian Min-
ister of Interior, x 428
Krabbe, Gregers, at Munster, iv 402
Kramer, Heinrich, Malleus Maleficarum, i
642
Kraevsky, Andrew, Russian journalist, xi
625
Kraievski, Alexander, Polish patriot, x 433
Kramarz, Dr, in Poland, xn 378
Krapf, Johann Ludwig, missionary at
Mombasa, xn 809
Krasicki, Ignatius, Polish writer, vi 671
Krasnaia-Pakhra, Russian army at, ix 497
Krasnogura, Victor at, ix 501
Krasnoi, French concentration at, ix
500 sq.
Krasnoiarsk, strike at, xii 331; founded
by Cossacks, 794; 795
Krasnovodsk, railway at, xn 801
Krassow, Ernst Detlof von, Swedish general,
v697; 601; 603; 607
Kratt, ceded to Great Britain, xn 636
Kraus, Franz Xavier, German historian,
xn 848
Krauss, Baron Philip von, Austrian Min-
ister of Finance, xi 187; 190; 217
Kravchinsky, Serge Michaelovich (Stepniak),
xn 306
Kray de Krajof, Paul, Baron von, Austrian
commander, viii 659; ix 56 sqq.; 64-5
Krefeld, silk- weaving in, xi 259
Krell, Nicolas, German Chancellor, in 711,
713
Kremlin, at Moscow, v 482; 493; 519; 557
Kremsier, the Reichstag at, xi 190 sq.,
196
Kreusler, Wolrad, German song-writer, xi
413
Kreuznach, taken by Gustavus, iv 213 ; by
Longueville, 383
Ereuzzeitungy Prussian journal, xi 192 ;
396
Kreyenberg, von, Hanoverian resident in
London, vi 16
Kristersson, Klas. See Horn
Kristianopel, recovered by Sweden, v 670
Kristianshavn, privileges of, v 559
Kristianstad, taken by the Danes, v 569 sq.
Kristich, Servian Minister, xn 407
Kristoffy, J., Hungarian statesman, xn 205
Kriza, John, Hungarian writer, xi 427 ; 429
Krizhanich, luri, Servian scholar, v 516
Kroja, captured by Turks (1478), i 80
Kroky Cech journal, xi 654
Krol^vetz, peasant rising in, xn 301
Kronach, Murat at, ix 275
Kronborg, taken by Swedes, iv 687 sq. ;
Queen Matilda at, vi 750
Krones, Franz X,, German historian, xn
829
Kronstad (Kronslot), built, v 590 sq.; ex-
pedition from, VI 673; occupied by
Russia, XI 206; French fleet at, xn 9,
98; mutiny at, 360; 369
Kropotkin, Prince, Governor of Kharkoff,
xn 306
Krossen, Peter the Great at, v 607
Kroumirs, The, brigandage by, xn 129
420
General Index,
Krstyovich, Gavril, Secretary- General of
Eastern Eumelia, xii 405 sq.
Kriidener, Burkhard Alexis Constantine,
Baron von, ix 41
Julia de Wietinghoff, Baroness von,
1x665; x8; 424
Kriiger, Admiral, and the Odessa mutiny,
XII 355
Krug, Wilhelm Traugott, German philo-
sopher, one of the founders of Tugend'
bund (1808), IX 328
Kruger, Stephen John Paul, President of
the Transvaal, xi 785 sq. ; xii 55 ; 248 ;
640 sq.; death of, 643
Krukoviecki, John, Polish general, x 472 sq.
Krumbacher, Karl, German historian, xii
845
Krumpen, Otte, general of Christian II,
II 603
Krusovac, Turks routed at (1454), i 69
Krzyzak, Felix, in 79
Krzyzanovski, Severin, lieut, -general of
the Polish Guards, x 454; 457
"Ku Klux Klan," American Secret Society
of night-riders (from 1866), vii 641 sq.
Kuban, Russia and, v 343, vi 648 ; v 527 ;
VI 305; 709
Tartars, territories of, vi 304
Kudlich, Hans, Austrian politician, xi 179
Kilbeck, Baron Karl von, Austrian Minister,
XI 155; 182; 217
Kuenburg, Michael von. Archbishop of
Salzburg. See Salzburg
Kuenen, Abraham, Dutch theologian, xii
249; 846
Kiiper, Sir Augustus Leopold, Admiral, xi
846
Kilster, von, Prussian diplomatist, at Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 585
Kiistrin. See Ciistrin
Kufara, Gerhard Eohlfs at, xii 813
Kujo, Chief Minister of the Mikado, xi
837 sqq., 844
Kukawa, explorers in, xii 807, 810
Kulali, hospitals at, xi 321
Kulangsu Island, xi 809
Kuli Khan. See Nadir Shah
Kuliscioff, Anna, and socialism, xii 231
Kulja, Russian occupation of, xi632; China
and, XII 502 sq. ; 796 ; travellers at, 799,
803
Kulm, fighting at, ix 527; battle of (1813),
528, 541
Kulturkampf, in the first years of the
German Empire, xii 147 sqq.
Kumamoto, daimio of, xi 847; 861
Kumassi, mission to, xii 807
Kunduz, Moorcroft at, xii 800
Kunersdorf, battle of, vi 292 sq., 296 sq.,
324 sqq.
Kung, Prince, Chinese plenipotentiary, xi
819; XII 506; 514; and French Treaty
with Annam, 525; 526
Kungura, copper mines of, v 553
Kunishi, Japanese noble, xi 851 sq. ; 855
Kurakin, Boris Ivanovich, Prince, Russian
ambassador, v 543; 555; 611 sq.
Russian diplomatist (1808), ix 317
Kuram valley, British force in, xii 470 sq. ;
489 sq.
Kurbatoff, Alexis, v 526
Kurbski, Prince, v 489 sq.
Kurdistan, Russia and, x 545
Kurdla, battle of (1795), ix 720
Kurile Islands, Japan and, xii 574
Kurla, travellers at, xn 799, 802
Kurland. See Courland
Kurnool, Naw4b of, vi 541
Kuroki, Baron, Japanese general, xii 581 ;
defeats Zasulich, 583 sq. ; 585 ; 587 sqq. ;
at battle of Liaoyang, 591 sq. ; 593 ; 597 ;
at battle of Mukden, 598
Kuropatkin, Alexei Nicolaevich, General,
Governor of Trans-Caspia, xn 344 ; 348 ;
in Russo-Japanese War, 581 sqq., 585
sqq., 589 sqq., 596 sqq.; resigns, 698;
601; on the Pamirs, 802
Kursk, peasant disorders in, xi 268, xn 353
Kurtz, Count, Imperial plenipotentiary,
at Hamburg, iv 383, 396
Kuruman, missionaries at, xn 808
Kurum6, daimio of, xi 846
Kutaitsoft (Kutaisoff), Turkish valet of
Paul I, vin 645, 648; ix 40
Kutch, State of, xi 727
Kutchuk-Kainardji, Treaty of, vi 358, 634,
674, 676, 681, vin 308, 310 sq., ix 386,
X 169, 173, XI 282
Kuttenberg, Diet of (1485), i 340; Prussian
troops in, vi 234
Kutusoff, Michael Larivonovitch Golenit-
chef. Prince of Smolensk, Russian Field-
Marshal, IX 250; at Braunau, 255 sq.;
retreat of, 257 ; defeats Mortier, ib. ; 259 ;
at Slobodzeia, 485 ; and invasion of
1812, 489 sqq. ; Commander-in-Chief of
Russian army, 507; marches on Plock,
611; at Kalisch, 514-5; death of, 516
Kutzdorf, bridge of, destroyed, vi 282;
285
Kutzo-Vlachs, The, in Macedonia, xn 415 ;
424 sqq.
Kuwana clan, xi 851; 858
Japanese noble, xi 832; 854; 859
Kuyper, Abraham, Dutch statesman, xii
243; 246; 248
Kuz6, Japanese statesman, xi 844
Kwang Chow Wan, France and, xn 514
Hsii, Chinese Emperor, xn 502;
504 sq.; and reform, 517; 518; 520;
death of, 523
Kwangsi, outrages in, xn 517; 526
Kwantung peninsula, xn 526; Russian
troops in, 583; 585 sq.
Kwei-hsiang, Chinese general, xn 504
Kwei-hwa-cheng, post-road through, xii
792; 798
Kwo Sungtao, Chinese envoy in London,
xn 501; 503
Kyaikhalo, attack on, xi 728
General Index,
421
Kyau, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von,
Prussian general, vi 274
Kyd, Thomas, m 375
Kykduin, sea-fight at (1673), v 161
Kymmene river, vi 314 ; Finnish boundary,
761; 778
Kyrdjali, ceded to Turkey, xii 408
Kyritz, victory of Torstensson at, iv 367
Labadie, Jean de, v 755 sqq.
Labat, Jean Baptiste, missionary, vii 97,
102
Labatlan, Gregory, Hungarian Minister, i
343
La Baume, Pierre de. See Geneva, Bishops
of
Labbey de PompiSres, Guillaume-Xavier,
French deputy, x 476 sq.
Lab6doySre, Charles - Ang^lique - Francois
Huchet, Comte de, execution of, x 48
La Belle Alliance, and Waterloo, ix 632
sqq.
La Besnardi^re, Jean-Baptiste de Goney,
Comte de, at the Congress of Vienna,
IX 580; 584
Labiau, Treaty of (1656), iv 428, 583
Labiche, Eugene, French dramatist, xi
518
La Bisbal, Jos6 Henrique O'Donell, Conde
de, afterwards Count of Lucena, in
Catalonia, ix 457; and Spanish revolu-
tionaries, X 215 sq.; 227; xi 560 sq.;
Ministry and resignation of, 562; forms
new Ministry, 563; in Moroccan cam-
paign, 564; created Duke of Tetuan, ih.\
and Mexican affairs, 565; resigns (1863),
566 ; and Prim, 566 sq. ; recalled (1865),
567; death of, 568
Laborde, Alexandre de, x 91; 476
Laborie, Fernand-Gustave-Gaston, French
advocate, xii 120
Labouch^re, Pierre-C^sar, Dutch financier,
IX 370
Laboulaye, Edouard-Eene Lefebvre de,
French politician, xii 109 sq.
La Bourdonnais. See Mah6 de la Bourdon-
nais
La Bourdonnaye, Comte Franpois-Eegis de,
x47; 49; and de Serre, 59 ; 60; 80; 91;
97 ; Minister of the Interior, 98
Comte A. - Franpois - Auguste de,
French commander, viii 416
Labrador, de la Eoche and, vii 71; and the
fisheries dispute, 363, 365, 657; under
the Newfoundland Government, x 685
P. Gomez. See Gomez
Labriola, Antonio, and socialism, xii 231
Arturo, Italian socialist, xii 231
La Brosse, French ambassador in Scotland,
II 458
La Bruy^re, Jean de, ii 711; v 67; 71;
79; viii 8, 15
Labuan, ceded to Great Britain, xii 669
La Cadie, French colony of, vii 71
La Calandria, by Bibbiena, u 11, 14
La Cava, Giovanni Tommaso de Sanfelice,
Bishop of, 11 390, 666 sq. ,
Lac^pede, Bernard-Germain-Etienne de la
Ville, Comte de, ix 133
La Chaise, Fran9ois de, confessor of Louig
XIV, V 24 ; 89 ; 221
La Chalotais, Louis-Een^ de Caradeuc de,
Attorney-general of the Parlement of
Eennes, vi 356
La Chapelle, Michel Marteau de (La
Chapelle-Marteau), iii 42, 44-5
La Charity, taken by German troops, iii
12; Huguenot stronghold, 20; granted
to Alen9on, 30 ; siege of (1577), 32
La Chastre, Claude de. Baron de Maison-
Fort, III 662, 665
Lachat, Eugene, Bishop of Basel. See Basel
La Chetardie, Joachim-Jacques, Marquis
de, French ambassador at St Petersburg,
VI 308 sqq. ; 315 sq. ; 761
Lachlan river, exploration of, xi 792
Lachmann, Karl, German scholar, x 404;
XII 823
German Eeformer, ii 160
Laoizi, Paolo, Italian Eeformer, ii 391
La Cloche, James, mission of, to Eome,
V 202
La Colle Mill, British success at (1814), vii
343
La Concha, Jos6 Gutierrez de. See La
Havana, Marques de and Del Duero,
Marques
Lacordaire, Jean-Baptiste-Henri, x 163;
164; and Liberal Catholics, 165 ; 500; xi
23 ; 27 ; 120 ; and opposition to Napoleon
III, 469
La Corona, Mass^na repulsed at (1796), viii
574; Austrian retreat to, 575; French
driven f;-om, 580
Lacoste, Elie, Commissioner to Army of
the Moselle, viii 427 sq.
Baron Jean de, French Minister of
Marine, viii 223
La Cour, Edmond de, French ambassador
at Constantinople, xi 313
Lacretelle, J.-C. -Dominique de, viii 515
Lacroix, J. F. de (d'Eure-et-Loir), French
deputy, VIII 249, 267, 269, 348 ; trial of,
363
Silvestre-Fran9ois, ix 133
Lacu^e, G6rard-Jean, Comte de Gessac, ix
145
La Cuesta, D. Gregorio Garcia de, Spanish
general, reduces his army to order, ix
448; Victor sent against, 449; 450;
Wellesley and, 451 sqq. ; invalided, 455
Lacy, Luiz, Spanish general, leader of in-
surrection in Spain, x 210; 215
Maurice, Austrian Field-Marshal, vi
626; 632; 705
Maurice, Eussian general, withdraws
troops from Naples, ix 263
Count Peter, Eussian general, vi
196; 303; 305; in the Crimea, 306; 310;
322
422
General Index,
Ladakh, xii 800 ; travellers at, 801 sqq.
Ladenberg, Adalbert von, Prussian states-
man, XI 230
Ladenburg, burnt by the French (1689), v
67; 409
"Ladies' Peace," The (1529), ii 25
Ladislaus I (Wladislav), King of Hungary
and Bohemia (Archduke of Austria), i
69 sq. ; ii 198
II, King of Hungary and Bohemia,
I 296, 317 sq., Chap, x passim
Ill, King of Poland and Hungary, x
458
IV, King of Poland, iv 174 ; becomes
Tsar, 176, v 601, 504; retires, iv 189;
Prussian provinces and, 570, v 638, 641;
military successes of, iv 579 sq. ; v
743
Lad jard, Pierre- Auguste de, French Minister
of War, VIII 406
Ladmirault, Louis-Een^-Paul de, French
general, xi 689 sqq.; at Gravelotte, 593
sq.
Lado, leased to King Leopold II, xii 661
Ladoga, canals of, v 548, vi 302
Ladrones, The, and the United States, vn
681 sq.
Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, xii 762
Ladysmith, siege of, xii 642 sq.
Laetus, Julius Pomponius, the Roman
Academy of, i 560; ii 32
Lafargue, Paul, French socialist, xii 123;
125
La Farina, Giuseppe, and the unity of
Italy, XI 375
Lafayette, Louise de, and Eichelieu, iv
150
■ M.-J.-P.-Roch-Yves Gilbert Metier,
Marquis de, vii 211, 230; viii 61, 101, 104 ;
Commandant of National Guard, 165 sq.,
168 sq., 184 sq., 187, 191; commands
Army of the Centre, 220, 222, 405 sqq. ;
at the bar of Assembly, 230 sq., 238;
taken prisoner by Austrians, 239, 409;
IX 137 ; and Le Censeur, 569 ; and
General Excelmans, 571; and Chambers
at Paris, 642 ; x 40 sqq. ; at Hagenau,
45 ; 64 : 56 ; 61 ; and new electoral
scheme, 65; Q6; 68; associated with
military conspiracies, 76; 91; popularity
of, at Lyons, 97; promises assistance to
General Pepe, 119 ; and Polish revolution-
aries, 454, 465, 473; and Revolution of
1830, 478 sq. ; 480; 483 sq. ; at La
Grange, 750
La Fere, siege of (1580), iii 33, (1596), 628,
670; Spanish garrison in, 663
Lafert^-Gaucher, battle at (1814), ix 553
La Fert6-sous-Jouarre, Cond^ at, iii 1
Laffitte, Jacques, x 58 ; 65 ; 67 ; and
Revolution of 1830, 477; 480; resigns,
484 ; and fall of UoU, 510 ; xii 832
La Fin (agent of Biron), in 680
La Fl^che, Descartes at, iv 778, 780 ; mili-
tary school established at, vi 349
Lafoes, Joao de Braganza, Duke of, viii
378
Lafon, Jean-Baptiste-Hyacinthe, Abh6, ix
143
de Lad^bat, Andr^ Daniel, President
of the Anciens, viii 215, 509, 612
La Fontaine, Jean de, v 66 sqq. ; 70
La Fontana de Oro, Madrid patriotic so-
ciety, X 218 ; 220 sq.
La Force, Henri Nompar de Caumont (in
1652), Due de, and Cond6, iv 615
- Jacques Nompar de Caumont, Due
de, Marshal of France, Rhinegrave Otto
Lewis and, iv 248; 251; 367
(Huguenot leader under Henry of
Navarre), in 664, 690
Laforest, French ambassador at the Porte
(1536), III 104
French envoy to Prussia, ix 264;
266
La Forge, Etienne de, French Protestant
martyr, ii 354
La Fuente, Constantino Ponce de, Spanish
Reformer, ii 404 sqq.
Lafuente, Modesto, Spanish historian, xii
842
La Gallissoni^re, Roland Michel Barrin,
Marquis de, vii 93 sqq., 107, 112, 117,
119
Lagarde, Baron Joseph-Jean, Secretary of
Directory, viii 679
Paul de, German orientalist, xii 846
La Garde, Paulin de, French ambassador to
Solyman II, iii 118
■ French ambassador at Madrid, x
225
La Gardie, Jacob de, captured by Poles,
IV 174; in Moscow, 176; in Ingria, 180;
victory of, at Bronitsi, 181 ; 184 sq. ; 669
Count Magnus Gabriel de, and
Queen Christina, iv 575; in Baltic Pro-
vinces, 582; chancellor, 590; policy of,
V 565 sq. ; and Charles XI, 567 ; 568 ; 672
Lagena, Charles XII at, v 588
Lagerlof, Selma, Swedish writer, xii 280
Laghouat, French boundary at, xii 129
Lagny-sur-Marne, Huguenot army at, iii
9; seized by Parma (1590), 49
La Goletta, Charles Vat, mill; 114; taken
by the Turks, 497 ; corsairs destroyed at,
541
La Gorce, Pierre de, French historian, xi
324; XII 834
Lagos, centre of Portuguese Slave Trade,
I 13 ; Napier at, x 333 ; Great Britain
and, XII 658; 660; explorer at, 811
Lagrange, Charles, French politician, xi
110; 136
Comte Joseph, guards Brandenburg,
IX 511 ; at Berhn, 512
Comte Joseph-Louis, ix 133; xu
767
d'Arquien. See Arquien
Lagren^, Th^odore-M.-M.-J. de, mission of,
to China, xi 811
General Index.
423
La Guaira, conspiracy in (1797), x 276;
British frigate at, 283 ,
La Gu6ronni6re, Louis-Etienne-Arthur,
Vicomte de, xi 382 ; 387 ; 467 sq.
La Harpe, Am^d^e Emmanuel, viii 564,
566 sq. ; killed, 568
Fr^d^ric Cesar de, Swiss politician,
vm 639, 646, 781 sq., 785; ix 95, 97;
tutor to Alexander I, 483 ; influence of,
581; at Congress of Vienna, 687; 600;
X 8; 9; 21; XI 239
Jean-Franpois de, French poet, vi
823; VIII 33, 515, 725
La Havana, Jos6 Gutierrez de la Concha,
Marques de, xi 569
La Haye, de, French admiral, v 696; 703
Sainte, and Waterloo, ix 632 sqq.
Sainte-Hilaire, ix 136
La H6ve, settlement at, vii 111
La Hitte, Lieutenant-Governor of Saluzzo,
III 414
La Hogue, battle of (1692), v 59, 261,
263
La Hontan, Baron Armand Louis de Delon-
dar6e, Nouveaux Voyages daris V Am^rique,
vn 104
Lahore, vi 509; 517; 523; Afghan troops
at, 524; xi 731; affairs in, 738; peace
with, 740; 741
La Horie, French chief of staff, ix 144
Laibach, Conference of (1821), vii 368,
X 12, 29-31, 69, and Naples revolt, 113,
116; the Papacy and, 150; and Great
Britain, 186; and south German States,
369; French lycee at, ix 418
Laignelot, Joseph-FranQois, French deputy,
viii 247
Laillier, Jean, heretical writer (1485), i 681
Lain6, Joseph-Henri-Joachim, Vicomte, ix
146; X 44; 47; succeeds Vaublanc as
Minister of Interior, 60; 51; 64; and
Royer-Collard, 65 ; 57 ; 59 ; and expulsion
of Gr^goire, 62; 63; and new electoral
scheme, 64; 67; 68
Laing, Alexander, African explorer, xii 807
sq.
Samuel, Finance Minister in India,
XI 752
Laing's Nek, British repulse at, xii 39, 637
Laiot, Prince of Wallachia, i 83
La Jaunaie, Peace of (1795), viii 381
Lajolais, General, ix 29; 32
Lake, Gerard, 1st Viscount Lake of Delhi
and Leswarree, General, and Irish re-
bellion, IX 700; in Hindustan, vi 525,
IX 726 sqq. ; xi 720
Sir Thomas, in 567
of the Woods, and United States
boundary, vii 364 sq.
La K^tbulle, de, African traveller, xii 812
Lakhta, Peter the Great at, v 648
Lalaing, Count, envoy of Philip II in Eng-
land, II 525
Antony van. See Hoogstraten,
Count of
Lalaing, George, Count of Eenneberg, See
Renneberg
Lalande, Joseph-Jerome le Franijais de,
French astronomer, ix 133
Lallemand, Baron Charles -Francois- An-
toine, French general, plot of, ix 572
Henri -Dominique, Baron, French
general, ix 572
Lally, Thomas Arthur, Comte de, in India,
VI 546 sqq. ; execution of, 549
Lally-ToUendal, Trophime-G6rard, Marquis
de, member of the National Assembly,
VIII 131, 173, 178 sqq.; resigns, 183;
pamphlet of, ix 562
Laloi, Pierre-Antoine, member of the
Comiti de Salut Public, viii 375
La Loo, Antony de, private secretary to
Count of Hoorn, iii 216
Lalor, Peter, Speaker of the Victorian As-
sembly, XI 798
La Loutre, Joseph Louis. Abb6, vii 122
Lai Sing, Sikh chief, xi 734 ; 738 sq.
Lalsot, defeat of Sindhia at (1787), ix 719
La Luzerne, Comte Cesar-Henri de. Minis-
ter of Marine, viii 107 ; dismissed, 163
La Mabilais, Peace of (1796), viii 382,
391
La Mancha, Castano's army in, ix 448 sq. ;
Sebastiani in, 461; Madrid threatened
by army of, 452; Venegas takes refuge
in, 454; occupied by French detach-
ments, 455; freed from French, 476;
Carlist forces in, xii 260
La Marche, Olivier de, Flemish historian,
I 430, 443, 446
Lamarche. , See Drouot, Franpois-Joseph
La Marck, Evrard de (brother of Robert II).
See Li^ge, Bishop of
John de. See Cleves, John III,
Duke of
Robert II de. Lord of Bouillon and
Sedan (d. 1635), ii 43, 60, 89
Robert III de. Lord of Fleuranges
(son of above (d. 1537)), defends Peronne,
n71
Robert IV, Count of (d. 1556), taken
at Hesdin, ii 89
William de. See Cleves, William V,
Duke of
William de. Lord of Lumey, in
229; 233; 236
William de (Aremberg), i 440, 444
Count de, vi 28; 34; French am-
bassador in Spain, 156; 167
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-P.-A. de Monet,
Chevalier de, ix 133 ; xi 365 ; xii 771 sq. ;
776
La Marmora, Alfonso Ferrero, general, xi
366 sq. ; sails for Crimea, 373; 385;
536 ; Ministry of, 639 sq. ; and War with
Austria, 540 sq.
Lamarque, Maximilien, Comte, French gene-
ral, x480; 488
Lamartine, Alphonse de, vi 832 ; x 88 ; 100
sq.; influence of Byron upon, 725; 499;
424
General Index,
and fall of M0I6, 610; writings of, 514
sq. ; XI 32 ; 39 sq. ; and Revolution of
1848, 102 sqq.; foreign policy of, 106,
109 ; and Constituent Assembly, 108 sqq. ;
113; and Eepublican Constitution, 116;
124; 305; 508; Histoire des Girondins,
524; XII 833
La Maurienne, invasion of, in 417
Lamb, William, Confederate colonel, vn
556
Lamballe, M.-T.-L. de Savoie-Carignan,
Princesse de, viii 80
Lamberg, Franz Philipp, Count von,
Austrian Field-Marshal, murder of, xi
184
Lambert, Charles Guillaume, French Comp-
troller-General, VIII 75, 107
FrauQois, Reformer, 11 200
John, major-general, iv 321; in
Yorkshire, 350; and Constitution, 437;
brings forward the " Instrument of
Government," 438; 443 sq. ; dismissed,
447; return of, 539; 540 sq.; 542; 544;
coup d'etat of, 545 sq.; meets Monck,
547 sq.; 551; sent to Tower, 554; escape
and rising of, 557 ; imprisoned, v 94
Commodore, at Rangoon, xi 742
Lambessa, Miot transported to, xi 139
Lambeth, Whitgift's conference at (1595),
III 346; V 227
Lambinus (DenysLambin, 1520-72), French
Latinist, i 577; m 54, 59
Lamboy, William de. Imperial general, in
France, iv 150 sq.; defeated on Rhine,
377; at Hulst, 386; in Hesse, 393; in
Flanders, 598
Lambros, Spyridion, historian, xii 845
Lambruschini, Luigi, Cardinal, Papal Secre-
tary of State, X 156; 157; xi 703
Lambton, John George. See Durham, Earl
of
La Meilleraye, Charles de la Porte, Due de,
Marshal of France, commander under
Richelieu, iv 149 ; Governor of Britanny,
592; in Italy, 601; Controller-General,
606; 613
Lamennais, Hugues-F61icit6 Robert de.
Abbe, X 43-4; 54; Essay on Indiffer-
ence in Matters of Religion, 72; 94;
103; 149; doctrines of, 162-3; founds
VAvenir, 163; and the Papacy, 163-4;
writings of, 499; 500; 514; xi 27; 115;
707; 717
Lamentabili, syllabus of Pius X, xii 230
Lameth, Alexandre, French politician, viii
174, 182, 186 sq., 200
UAmi des Hommes, viii 21
La Mina, Marquis de, Spanish general, in
Paris, VI 155 sqq.; recalled, 158; 165 sq.;
in Italy, 362
Lamoignon, Chretien Francois de, French
Keeper of the Seals, viii 103, 105, 108;
dismissed, 115
Guillaume de, French judge, viii
743
La Molle, favourite of Alengon, in 23-4
Lamoriciere, Christophe-Leon-Louis Ju-
chault de, French general, xi 113 ; 136 sq.:
389
Lamormain, Guillaume Germeau de, Jesuit
confessor of Ferdinand II, iv 74; 111;
113; 212; 238; peace negotiations (1634-5)
and, 252
La Mothe, de, French general, v 422
de Canillac, Vicomte de, v 16
La Mothe-F^nelon, Bertrand de Salignac,
Marquis de, French ambassador in
England, iii 15
La Motte, Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideuc
de Dubois de, French admiral, vii 128
Fouque. See Fouqu^
La Motte-Houdancourt, Philip, Count of.
Marshal of France, in Catalonia, iv 599 ;
653, 658
La Motte P^rouse, French brigadier, vi
197
Rouge, Joseph-Edouard de, French
general, xi 602 sq.
Lamourette, Adrien, constitutional bishop
of Lyons, viii 230
Lampadius, Jacob, at Congress of West-
phalia, IV 401
Lampe, Friedrich Adolf, German theologian,
V 757
Lampedusa, cession of, demanded by Great
Britain, ix 103
Lamprecht, Carl, German History, xii 850
Lanark, cotton- spinning at, x 735
Lanarkshire, insurgents in (1666), v 284
Lancashire, Catholicism in, iii 284 ; Royal-
ist rising in, iv 540; Jacobites in, vi
101, 114; 504 ; parliamentary representa-
tion of, X 608; XII 21; distress in, 730;
744
Lancaster, vi 101; Prince Charles at, 115
Sound, explorers in, xii 814 sq.
James, iv 729; first expedition of
English East India Company and, 731
Joseph, and elementary education,
IX 692
Lan-chau-fu, travellers at, xii.802, 804
Lancius (Jesuit), at Munich, in 161
Landabum, Spanish oiBcer, x 224
Landais, French admiral, viii 466
Landau, threatened by Bernardines, iv 383 ;
taken by French, 389, 597 ; v 63 ; besieged
by the Allies (1702), 406, by Tallard
(1703), 408, by the Allies (1704), 411,
by Villars (1713), 435; ceded to France,
436, 454; 452; Custine retreats to, viii
415, 422 sq.; relief of, 428; acquisition
of, by Bavaria, ix 658-9; fortress of,
transferred to Germany, 664
Lande, French envoy to Grisons, iv 61
Landen. See Neerwinden
Lander, John, African traveller, xii 808;
811
Richard, African traveller, xii 807 sq.;
811
Laudes, The, drainage of, zi 299
General Index,
425
Landfnede, The, i 294, 304
Land Goshen, established by Boers, xii
638
Landguard Fort, Dutch attack on (1667), v
189
Landino, Cristoforo, Italian humanist, Dis-
putationes Camaldunenses, i 559 ; ii 701
Landois, Pierre, executed, i 393
Landor, Arnold, at Lake Manasarowar, xn
798
Walter Savage, vi 834; viii 764,
767; X 709 sq.; 713; 720; xi 350
Landrecies, besieged by Charles V, ii 77,
457; invested by Prince Eugene (1712),
V 433; captured by the Allies (1794), vin
435; recaptured, 436
Landriani, Gherardo, discoverer of Cicero's
rhetorical treatises, i 550
Landriano, defeat of the French at (1529),
II 59
Antonio, treasurer of Ludovico il
Moro, I 121
Landrieux, adjutant-general, viii 572, 585
Landsberg (on the Warthe), vi 281; Eussians
at, 286; 287; 291; capitulates to Gustavus,
IV 200
League, The (1558), iii 1£9, 176,
709
Landshut, Bavarian Diet at (1553), iii 159 ;
taken by Gustavus Adolphus, rv 214 ; fight
at, VI 294, 326 ; Bavarians driven out of,
IX 348; Austrians retire upon, 349
Succession War, The (1504), i 315
Landsknechte, improvement of, by Maxi-
milian I, I 325
Landskrona, v 147 ; captured by Denmark,
569 sq.
Landstad, Magnus Brostrup, Norwegian
writer, xi 701
Laudstuhl, Sickingen besieged in, ii 156
Landucci, Luca, Florentine annalist, i 153,
169, 176, 188
Lane, Kalph, settlement of, in Virginia,
VII 3
Lanfrey, Pierre, French historian, xii 834
Lang, Matthaeus. See Salzburg, Archbishop
of
Philip, favourite of Kudolf II, iii
697
Admiral, commander of the Chinese
fleet, XII 507
Langara, Don Juan de, Spanish admiral,
defeated by Rodney, vi 376 ; viii 457 sq.
Langdale, Marmaduke, Ist Baron, iv 349
sq.
Langdon, John, deputy from New Hampshire
at the Constitutional Convention (1787),
VII 246, 279
Lange, Francois, French jurist, ix 165
John, Erfurt scholar, ii 111 sq.
Langen, Joseph, German historian, xii 848
Rudolf von, German humanist, i 664
Langenau, General von, at the Congress
of Vienna, ix 587
Langensalza, fight at, xi 452
Langeron, Comte Andrault de, Russian
general, character of, ix 524; attacks
Marmont, 539
Langharne, Rowland, in South Wales, iv
348
Langholm, Jacobites at, vi 101
Langlois, Captain, purchases Banks'
Peninsula, xi 793
Jean, heretic (1491), i 681
Langport, Goring and Fairfax at, iv 831
Langres, Allies at, ix 544
Langside, battle of (1568), in 277
Langson, xn 131; French occupation of,
526 sq.
Languedoo, governed by Damville, in 23;
the Estates of, 25 ; held by Montmorency
(Damville), 40 ; the League in, 661, 668 ;
IV 126 ; Rohan in, 127, 132 sq. ; rebellion
in, 135, 139, 153; Intendant retained in,
606; Estates of, v 4, viii 39 sq.; canal
of, V 14; Spanish troops in, vi 159
Languet, Hubert, at Court of Ferrara, ii
384; 578; and William of Orange, in 221
Lan-ho, valley of, Japanese army in, xii
589
Lanjuinais, Comte Jean-Denis, vm 187,
251, 255, 257 sqq., 273, 275; returns to
the Convention (1795), 384, 386, 397;
488; and General Excelmans, ix 571;
President of Chamber, 620
Victor-Ambroise, Vicomte, xi 126 sq.
Lannes, Jean, Due de Montebello, Marshal
of France, vm 668 sq., 606, 608 sq.,
612 sqq.; and Brumaire, 677, 679; ix 60;
62, 252; joins Ney at Stuttgart, 253;
invests Ulm, 254; at Austerlitz, 260-1;
at Coburg, 275; at Jena, 276; at Pots-
dam, 278; at Zehdenick, 279; at Thorn,
281; 283-4; at Friedland, 290; receives
Sievre, 339 ; defends Essling, 351 ; killed,
352; defeats Castanos and Palafox at
Tudela, 443; and Saragossa, 444; 447
Lannoy, Charles de, Prince of Sulmona,
Viceroy of Naples (1522), n 48, 55 sq.
Philip de, Prince of Sulmona (son of
above), Spanish commander in Nether-
lands, III 211-2
La None, Franpois de, iii 9; 13-4; 16;
20 sqq.; 27; 31; 47 sqq., 65; 471
Lansac, the younger, captures English mer-
chantmen, in 32
Lansdowne, Lord Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice,
3rd Marquis of. Chancellor of Exchequer,
1x685; x574; 668; xi309; 320
William Petty, Ist Marquis of (Lord
Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl of Shelburne), vi
380 sq.; 425; President of Board of
Trade, 430; 431; dismissed, 432; 435
sqq.; and East India Company, 438; re-
signs, 439; 445; 450; and Ireland, 455;
457 sqq.; Ministry of, 461 sq.; resigns,
463; 464; 466; created Marquis, 467;
468; 476; 501; and Warren Hastings,
581 ; vm 755, 760 ; and Whig party, ix
674; 676; 710
426
General Index.
Lansdowne, Henry C. K. Petty-Fitzmauriee,
5th Marquis of, xii 39 ; Secretary for War,
62 ; Foreign Secretary, 53 ; and Egyptian
affairs, 456 ; Viceroy of India, 481 sqq. ;
594
Lansing, John, New York deputy at Con-
stitutional Convention (1787), vii 246,
264, 270 sq., 304
Lanskoi, Count Sergei, xi 614 sq.
Lanza, Giovanni, Italian statesman, xi
543
Lanzarote, Portuguese discoverer of Guinea,
I 13 sq.
Laon, siege of (1594), in 663; battle of
(1814), IX 551
La Palice, harbour works at, xii 102
Jacques de Chabannes, Sire de, i
125, 133, 137 sq.
La Palisse, seized by Democrats, xi 137
La Palud, Convention of (1815), ix 617
La Paz, Juan Orendayn, Marquis de, vi
137 sq.; 141 sq.; 145
La Pena, Spanish general, sent to Tarifa,
IX 464
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de, xii 767 ;
770 sq.
Lapland, Sir Hugh Willoughby in, v 512
Laplanders, pasturage privileges of, xii
289
La Plata, trade of, vii 327 ; disaffection in,
rx 752; college for Indian nobles in, x
263 ; administration of, 274 ; governor of,
deposed, 284
La Pr^valaye, Chouan leader, ix 2; 14
Laptieff, Dmitri, Bussian explorer, xii
795
Khariton, Kussian explorer, xii 795
Lapukine. See Lopukhina
La Quadra, Alvaro de. See Aquila, Bishop
of
See Villarias, Marquis of
La Ram^e, Pierre de, ii 710 ; iii 57, 59 ; iv
776
La Ravardi^re, Daniel de la Tousche, Sieur
de, VII 74
La Renaudie, Godefroy de Barry, Seigneur
de, II 297
Larevelli^re-L^peaux, Louis-Marie de, viii
249, 300, 386; Director, 489 sq., 492 sq.,
496, 501, 669
La Reynie, Nicolas-Gabriel de. Lieutenant
of Police, V 16
Larissa, Turkish occupation of, xii 421;
422
La Rive, Arthur Auguste de, physicist, xi
261
La Riviere, Abb^ de, iv 608 ; dismissal of,
612
Larkin, Michael, Fenian, xii 65
Larmor, Sir Joseph, man of science, xii
789
Laroche, Lenoir, Minister of Police, vm
508
La Rochefoucauld, Dominique de, Comte de
gaint-Elpis, Cardinal, vui 158
La Rochefoucauld, Franpois VI, Duke of.
Prince of Marsillac, iv 609; joins the
rebels, 611; 613; 615
d'Enville, Louis-Alexandre, Due de
La Roche-Guyon et de, vm 131, 179,
226
La Rochefoucauld - Liancourt, Franpois-
Alexandre-Fr^d^ric, Due de, vm 179
La Rochejaquelein, Henri- Auguste-Georges
du Verger, Marquis de, xi 469; 472
Comte Henri du Verger de, Vendean
leader, vm 266, 340, 354 sq.; ix 136;
death of, 624
La Rochelle, revolt of (1542), ii 96; fall of
(1628), IV 57, 133-5, 137; 59; significance
of the fall of, 108, 115 ; Huguenot as-
sembly at (1612-3), 119, (1620), 127;
128; 130; 132; English expeditions to
(1627), 266 sq., (1628), 272, 643; 691;
military disaffection at, x 76
La-Roche-sur-Yon (Napoleon- Vendue), town
created by Napoleon, ix 120
La Romana, Marquis de, Spanish general,
in Fiinen, ix 236 ; 322 ; troops of, at San-
tander, 442; rallies Blake's army, 443;
succeeds Blake, 445 ; falls back on Astorga,
446 ; reorganises his army, 448 ; retires
northward, 449; fights with Ney, 451;
455; Wellington borrows troops from,
460
Laromigui^re, Pierre, ix 132
La Rothi^re, battle of (1814), ix 545
La Rovi^re, de, French printer, i 613
Larra (Figaro), Mariano Jos6 de, x 241
Larrey, Baron Dominique Jean, French
surgeon, vm 606, 613 sq.
La Rue, Isidore-Etienne, Chevalier de,
member of Gonseil des Cinq-Gents, vm
506, 512
La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, descent
of Mississippi, vii 87 sq., 118, 362; xii
810
Lasalle, Comte Antoine-Charles-Louis de,
French general, takes Stettin, ix 279
Lasca, il. See Grazzini
Lascaris, Constantine, the Greek grammar
of, I 546
John, Greek scholar, i 543, 563, 566,
575; II 16 sq.
Las Casas, Bartolom6 de, ii 101; v 682
Las Cases, Emmanuel- A. -D.-M. -J., Marquis
de, at St Helena, ix 757 sqq,; x 1
Lasco, John 4. See Laski
La Serna, Jos6 de. Viceroy of Peru, x 293;
295
Lasker, Eduard, German Liberal leader,
XII 146
Laski, Adalbert, Palatine of Siradia, ni 83,
85, 98
Jan (John k Lasco), Polish Reformer,
in England, ii 477, 502, 693, 617; in
Poland, 636 sq., in 74
Las Palmas, English attack on, iii 321
Lassalle, Ferdinand, German socialist, xii
153; 768
General Index.
427
Lassen, Christian, German historian, xn
845
Lasser von ZoUheim, Baron Joseph von,
Austrian Minister of the Interior, xii
188; 192
Lassy, rout of insurgents at (1567), in
212
Last Judgment, The, of Michelangelo, ii 34
Laswari (Leswarree), battle of, ix 726
Laszki, Hieronymus, envoy to the Sultan,
III 118
Latalski, Bishop of Posen. See Posen
Lateran, The, omnium ecclesiarum mater,
III 440; Apostolic palace of, guaranteed
to Pope, XII 229
Council, The (732), i 267; the Fifth
(1512-7), 136 sq., 139, 249, 251, 489, 621,
651 sq., 678, 680, 690, ii 8 sq., 30 sqq.,
639, 641
Lathom House, siege of, iv 321
Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, n
161, 445; sermons of, 490; arrest of,
621; 638; trial and death of, 641
Latin Fathers, The, early reprints of, i
616
scholarship, in Middle Ages, i 536;
progress of, 543-5. See also Benaissance,
the Classical
Latins, intellectually contrasted with
Teutons, ii 692 sq.
Latitudinarianism, English, and growth of
Toleration, v 327 ; among bishops, 467-8 ;
see Chap, xxiv, 742-63
La Tortue, pirates' headquarters at, ▼
691
Latouche-Tr^ville, Louis de, commands
squadron at Toulon, ix 215
La Tour, Charles Saint-Etienne de, in
Acadia, vii 23, 110 sq.
La Tour, General de, Piedmontese com-
mander, X 117
La Tour d'Auvergne. See Bouillon
d'Auvergne Lauragais, Charles,
Prince de, xi 126
La Tour du Pin, Comte de, at Congress of
Vienna, ix 584
du Pin Gouvernet, Jean-Fr^d^ric de
(Comte de Paulin), Minister of War
(1789), VIII 186 sq.
Latour, Count Maximilian Baillet von,
Austrian general, viii 497
Count Theodor Franz Baillet von,
Austrian Minister of War, xi 174; 176;
182; 185; murder of, 186; 188
Latour-Maubourg, Marie-Victor de Fay,
Marquis de, French general, and Kussian
campaign, ix 488 ; Minister of War, x 62
La Tr^mouille, Claude, Duo de, in 665,
670, 674, 679 sqq.
Charlotte de. See Derby, Countess of
Louis de, French general in Italy,
I 116, 122, 126, 139 sq., 394
Lattanzi, Milanese editor, hints at annexa-
tion of Etruria, ix 396
Lauban, Field-Marshal Daun at, vi 292
Laube, Heinrich, German writer, xi 411;
414 sqq.
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
principles of, in 737, 742, 758, 765 ; and
Montague, iv 261, 268 ; Bishop of London,
272; Wentworth and, 277; and Puritan-
ism, 278 ; Archbishop of Canterbury, 279 ;
280; 282 sq.; impeachment of , 287 ; 293;
295; trial and death of, 327; 493; 495
sq.; 504; v 117; 326; 330; 746; and
Massachusetts, vii 17
Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of,
vm 760, 770 ; ix 271 ; and Whig party, 674
John Maitland, 2nd Earl and 1st
Duke of, IV 342; 351; v 198; 201; 204
sq.; created Duke, 207; 209 sq. ; 213;
Secretary for Scottish affairs, 280; and
Earl of Middleton, 282; and Earl of
Eothes, 282, 284; 283; and Scottish
recusants, 284 sq.; 286
Laudon, Baron Gideon Ernst von, Austrian
Field-Marshal, vi 271; 278; 282; 288;
at Kunersdorf, 292 sqq. ; in Silesia, 297 ;
324; 326; 328; 626; 632; 648; in
Bohemia, 704; 705 sq. ; viii 325, 331;
Turks defeated by, ix 385
Laudonnidre, Ren^, French coloniser in
Florida, i 55; vn 71
"Laud's Liturgy," imposed on Scottish
Church (1637), iv 495 sqq.
Lauenburg, Estates of Circle summoned
to, IV 91; Mansfelders at, 95; Wallen-
stein in duchy of, 101; 102; held by
Sweden, ix 266; part of duchy of, ceded
to Denmark, 656, 661 ; to Prussia, 657 ;
joins Germanic Confederation, 659; lost
by Denmark, xi 338, 442; 445; 691;
694; 696
Duke Francis Albert of, and Gus-
tavus, IV 221; 236; 241 sq.
Lauer, Austrian general, ix 65
Lauffeldt, vi 248; battle of, 250, 331
Lauffen, fight at, ii 221
Laugier, Cesare de Bellecour, Comte de,
Italian general, xi 84; 94
French officer, at Acre, viii 611
naval captain, killed at Venice
(1797), vin 686
Laun, arnjistice at (1634), iv 252
Launay, de la Haye de, Chief of Prussian
Customs (1766), vi 712 sqq.; 720; 723
B.-R. Jourdan de. Governor of the
Bastille, viii 164
Gabriele de, General, Sardinian
Minister, xi 366 sq.
Laurel Hill, Garnett retreats from (1861).
vn 457 '
Laurentian Library, The, in 394
Laurentius (the Norwegian), Jesuit, ii 631
Laureo, Vincenzo, Bishop of Mondovi, Car-
dinal and papal nuncio in Poland, in 88
sqq. ; banished from Poland but returns
on death of Maximilian, 99; becomes
Cardinal (1578), 100; sent as nuncio to
Scotland, 272; returns to Italy, 275
428
General Index.
Laurie, Gawen, settler in New Jersey,
vn 47
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, Canadian statesman,
xn 607
Lauriston, Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law,
Marquis de, French Marshal, aide-de-camp
to Bonaparte, ix 75; embarks at Toulon,
218; negotiations of , 498 ; taken prisoner,
540; x68
Lausanne, Treaty of (1564), in 405; French
army leaves, ix 59; advance of Federal-
ists on, 100; International Congress at,
XI 486
Lautour-Boismaheu, Jean-Aim^, aide-de-
camp to Massena, viii 569
Lautrec, Odet de Foix, Vicomte de, n 24,
44 sq., 57 sqq., 97, 429 sq.
Lauzun, Antonin Nompar de Caumont, Duo
de, in Ireland (1690), v 314 sqq.
Laval, University of, xi 778
Laval-Montmorency. See Canada, Bishop of
Lavalette, Pere, Jesuit, vi 348
Antoine-M.-C, Comte de. Napoleon's
aide-de-camp, viii 588, 683 ; disaffection
of, IX 572; X 49
La Valette, Bertrand de, in 415 sq.
Charles- J. -M.-F., Marquis de, xi
474
Louis de Nogaret d'Epernon, Car-
dinal de, commander under Richelieu,
rv 149; at Langres, 251; with Bernard
of Saxe-Weimar, 367 sq., 370 sq. ; in
Catalonia, 645
La Valli^re, Franpoise-Louise, Duchesse
de, v 19; 73; vi 330
Lavardac, rising at, xi 137
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, Swiss physio-
gnomist, VI 625; VIII 781 sq.
Eudolf, Zurich leader at Kappel,
n 337
La Vauguyon, Due de, vi 356
Laveran, Alphonse, and malaria, xn 779
L'Averdy, Clement-Charles-Frangois de,
French Controller-General, vi 356
La Verendrye, Gautier de, vii 94
La vergne, Bernard - Martial - Barthelemy,
French politician, xi 132
L^once de, French politician, xn 110
Lavicomterie de Saint-Samson, Louis de,
French deputy, viii 247
La Vieuville, Charles, Marquis de, French
Minister, dismissed, iv 128 sq. ; Finance
Minister, 615; death of, 618
Lavigerie, Charles-Martial Allemand, Car-
dinal, XII 117
La Ville, Abb^ de, vi 335
La Villeheurnois, Berthelot de, vni 505 sq.,
512
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, French chemist
and farmer-general, viii 71, 695 ; x 755 ;
xn 768
La Vrilli^re, Louis Phelypeaux, Sieur de,
Secretary of State (1661), v 5
Louis Phelypeaux, Due de. Minister
1770 (Count of Saint-Fiorentin), vi 358
Lavroff, Peter, Eussian political writer, xi
630; xn 302 sq.; 307
Law, see Codes; hut also for French law
generally in the age of the Revolution,
Vol. vm. Chap, xxiv, 710-53; and for
international law, Vol. xn. Chap, xxn,
703-29
Jacques - Franpois, surrenders at
Trichinopoly, vi 541 sq. ; 546
Jean, French commander at Kasim-
bazar, vi 553
John, financier, v 705; vi 38 sq.;
128 sqq.; effect of system of, 133;
character of, 169, 177; system of, 169
sqq.; leaves France, 176; 182; and Com-
pany of the Indies, 532 sq.; vn 92; vm
9, 39, 86
William, mystic, author of A Serious
Call, y 751; 759; vi77sq.; 81; 88
Lawes, Henry, musician, v 116
Lawford, Commodore, ix 45
Lawless, John, x 641; at Ballybay, 647
sq.
Lawrence, Charles, General, vn 132
Sir Henry Montgomery, British Re-
sident at Lahore, xi 740; 742; in Oudh,
748
James, Captain of the Chesapeake^
vn 342
John Laird Mair Lawrence, Lord,
Governor-General of India, xi 740 ; 742 ;
744; 752 sq.; xn 457; and Afghan ques-
tion, 458 sqq.; 465; 469; 489
Stringer, major-general, in India,
VI 541 ; 548
Law's Company. See Company of the
Indies
Lawson, Vice-Admiral Sir John, victory
of, off the Gabbard, iv 436; 541; 547;
V 190
William, Australian explorer, xi
790 sq.
Layard, Sir Austen Henry, xn 37; 845
Laynez, Diego (Jacobus), General of the
Jesuits, at Colloquy of Poissy, n 302,
652-7; at Council of Trent, 667 sq., 671,
679 sq.; iii 161, 389, 592; disputation
of, on episcopal rights at the Council of
Trent, 751, 765
Layton, Brian, raids Scotch border, ii 460
Lazarillo de Tormes, in 482, 547
Lazowski, Polish refugee, insurrectionary
Brissotin, vm 228, 232, 265
Lazzarone, Valtelline Chancellor, iv 49
Lea, Henry Charles, American historian,
xn 847
Leach, Dryden, Wilkes' printer, vi 439
Leade, Jane, pietistic writer, v 762
League, Catholic, the French, see Vol.ni,
Chap. I passim, the Wars of Religion,
1-52; and Sixtus V, 451 sqq.; dissen-
sions in, 512; and Philip II of Spain,
517, 522; and French monarchy, 658
sqq.; retains centres in Poitou, etc.
(1598), 674; put down in Anjou and
General Index,
429
Lorraine (1598), 675; original members,
728 sq. ; 732 ; later political theories of,
764 sq.
League, Catholic, the German, proposed, ii
196 ; growth of, iir 729 ; and the outbreak
of the Thirty Years' War, see Vol. rvr,
Chap. I passim; kept alive (1621), 77;
84, 113 sq. ; and Urban VIH, 681
[For the action of the forces of the
League see the various campaigns of
the Thirty Years' War]
of Freedom, in Italy (1525), ii 23
of God's House, The Swiss, n 306
of the Five Catholic Cantons (1524),
II 325
of the Ten Jurisdictions, The Swiss,
n 306
Leake, Sir John, English admiral, v 413;
416; captures Minorca, 426, 444
William Martin, and Greek archaeo-
logy, XII 821
Learmonth, George, xi 649
Leavitt, Humphrey H., American judge,
VII 573
Lebanon, administration of, xi 276; 636
Le Bas, P.-F.-J., French politician, viii
249, 364, 370
Lebeau, Jean Louis Joseph, Belgian Minis-
ter for Foreign Affairs, x 532 ; and elec-
tion of Leopold I, 540; 541 sq. ; xi 669
Leblanc, Nicolas, French chemist, ix 125;
X 755
Lebceuf, Edmond, Marshal of France, xi
495 sq. ; 541; and army reform, 581;
590 sq.
Lebon, Joseph, revolutionary, at Arras,
viii 372
Philippe, inventor of gas-lighting
system, ix 125
Lebrija or Lebrixa. See Nebrissensis
Lebrun, Charles Frangois, Duke of Piacenza,
IX 5 sqq.; Napoleon's Arch-Treasurer,110 ;
receives Piacenza, 111 ; Napoleon's letter
to (Aug. 20, 1810), 373; appointed Lieu-
tenan,t-General in Holland, 416-7
Ecouchard, ix 132
Pierre-H.-H.-M.-Tondu, Minister for
Foreign Affairs, viii 238, 263, 297 sqq.,
302 sq.; suspended, 339; executed, 357
Lebus, see of, v 618
Lebzeltern, Count Lewis, Austrian diplo-
matist, IX 198 ; X 25 ; and Consalvi, 136 ;
183
Le Cap, and Toussaint L'Ouverture, ix 421
Le earlier, M. - J. - F. - Philiberfc, French
commissioner in Switzerland, vm 640
Le Catelet, given up to France (1568),
II 94
Lecce, the Adelfi in, x 111; political per-
secution in, XI 379; xn 236; and the
Apulian aqueduct, 238
Le Censeur, ix 569; 573
Le Chapelier, Isaac-Ren6-Guy, Bennes
deputy to States General, vm 152, 164,
178, 201, 691
L'Echelle, Jean, French general, vm
354 sq.
Le Chevalier, French royalist, ix 136
Lecky, William Edward Hartpole, xii 300 ;
writings of, 840, 849
Le Clerc, Jean (Bussi), ni 42
Leclerc, Jean, burnt at Metz, ii 283
Pierre, French Eeformer, ii 290
Victor Emmanuel, French general,
vm 604, 677; commands expedition to
San Domingo, ix 421
Le Clercq, Chretien, E6collet missionary,
VII 100, 104
Leclercq, Arnoul, hooftman of Ghent, i
449 sq.
L'Ecluse, Charles de, naturalist, v 734
Lecointre, Laurent, French politician, vm
379 sq., 384 ; arrested, 385
Lecomte, Claude-Martin, French general,
XI 501
Leconte de Lisle, Charles-Marie, French
poet, XI 512 ; 514 sq.
Lecourbe, Comte Claude- Joseph, French
general, vm 661 ; in Jura, ix 624
Lecouteulx de Canteleu, Jean-Barth^lemy,
VIII 677
Le Coz, Claude, revolutionary bishop,
protests against reduction of the French
sees, IX 186
Lede, Marquis de, vi 33; 35
Ledeganck, Karel, Flemish poet, xi 676
Ledenburg, secretary of States of Utrecht,
III 652
Lederer, Baron, General, at Pest, xi 180
Ledesma, Spanish envoy, iii 420
Le Despencer, Francis Dashwood, Lord,
VI 424 sq. ; Chancellor of the Exchequer,
427; resigns, 429; x 599
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste, xi 25;
40; 97; 102; Minister of Interior, 103;
106; and the elections, 107; and Con-
stituent Assembly, 108 sqq.; 114; 123;
and Social Democratic party, 124 sq. ;
126; 132
Ledyard, John, in Yakutsk, xii 794; 806
Lee, Arthur, American statesman, vii 59,
210
Charles, American general, vn 211,
217 sq.
Edward, Archbishop of York, i 682 ;
ambassador in Spain, n 426; 452
Henry, American general, vii 228
Nathaniel, dramatist, v 127; 131
Robert Edward, vii 452 ; Confederate
general-in-chief, 455 sqq., 464, 475;
succeeds Johnston, 476; 478; wins the
second battle of Bull Run, 480 ; invades
Maryland, 481; at Fredericksburg, 483;
at Chancellorsville, 485; invades Penn-
sylvania, 486 sq. ; at Gettysburg, 488 sqq. ;
and the campaign in the East (1864),
614, 516 sqq. ; and Richmond campaign
(1864-5), 531 sqq.; evacuates Richmond,
538 sq. ; retreat of, 539 sq.; surrender of,
641 ; services of, to the South, 621
27
430
General Index,
Lee, Boland, Bishop of Coventry and
Lichfield, ii 471
Samuel P., American admiral, vn 576
Leeds, petitions from, ix 369 ; parliamentary
representation of, x 601 sq., 613; pauper-
ism in, XI 2; Gladstone at, xn 80; Uni-
versity of, 763
Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of (Mar-
quis of Carmarthen), vi 468; Foreign
Secretary, vin 277, 282 sqq., 286, 294;
resigns (1791), 295 ; 323 ; ix 673
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of (Ist
Earl of Danby, Marquis of Carmarthen),
Lord Treasurer, v 210; financial policy
of, 214 sq. ; and Non-resisting Test, 216
sq.; 218 sq. ; 221 sq.; fall of (1678-9),
222 sq.; 227; 230; and James H, 231;
and Dykvelt, 240 sq. ; signs invitation
to William of Orange, 242; 246; and
Eevolution settlement, 249 sq.; 255;
President of Council, 259; 260; and the
Bank of England, 268; resignation of,
274; 334
Leeuwenhoek, Antony van, Dutch naturalist,
IV 722; v727; 729; 735; 737
Leeward Islands, settlement of the, iv 756 ;
V 442; 687 sq. ; government of, 690; vi
186 ; XII 653 sq. ; federal constitution of,
656; 657
Lefebvre, Franpois-Joseph, Due de Danzic,
Marshal of France, viii 672, 677 sqq.,
686; IX 14; granted duchy, 112; be-
sieges Danzig, 289 ; 349 ; defeats Blake,
443
Lefebvre - Desnouettes, Comte Charles,
French general, ix 438; captured at
Benavente, 445
Lef^vre, Nicolas, chemist, v 730
Pierre, iii 160
Pierre, first disciple of Loyola, ii
652 sq. ,
d'Etaples (Faber Stapulensis),
Jacques, printer, i 614, 619, 640, 681
sq. ; preacher at Meaux, ii 282; French
translation of the Gospels by, 283 sq. ;
death of, 287
de Saint-Eemy, Jacques, historian,
I 433
Leflo, Adolphe-Charles-Emmanuel, French
general, xi 13G; ambassador at St Peters-
burg, XII 97
Lefort, Fran9ois, Swiss general, and Peter
the Great, v 520; 622 sqq.; 530
Le Franc, Jeanne, mother of Calvin, ii 350
Lefranc, Edouard - Edm6 - Victor - Etienne,
French Minister of Interior, xii 106
Lefrangais, Gustave, French politician, xi
502
Legations, The, in 1814-5, recovered by
the Pope, IX 603; X 132; and the Con-
gress of Vienna, loo; Consalvi's ad-
ministrative scheme and, 136; 155; 156;
XI 71, 74; 468; Garibaldi invades, 485
Legendre, Louis, French politician, vm
228, 247, 340, 362, 366
Legge (Bilson-Legge), Henry, Chancellor of
the Exchequer, vi 425
William, dismissal of, iv 333
Leghorn, failure of Maximilian I at (1496),
I 172 ; trade of, ni 385, 392 ; seized by
Vitelli, 387 ; 397 ; free trade and religion
in, 399; Napoleon at (1796), vm 573;
commerce of, ix 302; reform agitation
at, XI 78; revolt at, 90; the Austrians
at, 95; 378
Legion of Honour, created (May 19, 1802),
IX 20; 110, 112
Legislative Assembly, The (Oct. 1791-Sept.
1792), constitution and powers of, vm
202 sqq., 209 sq. ; Chap, vm passim',
finance of, 701; legislation of, 735 sqq.
Legists, School of, in France, ii 95
Legnago, Austrian retreat to, vm 579;
French occupation of, ix 68; fortress of,
XI 82
Legrand, Antoine, Apologia pro B. Des-
cartes, IV 791
Jerome, French deputy, vm 153
French general, ix 260-1
Le Gray, Gustave, and photography, xii
783
Le Guen de Kerangal, G.-G.-F.-M., French
deputy, vm 715
Lehmann, Max, German historian, xii 829
Orla, Danish politician, xi 167; 693
Lehnin, foundation of, v 620
Lehrbach, Count Ludwig Konrad von,
Austrian envoy at Congress of Rastatt,
vm 641
Lehwaldt, Hans von, Prussian commander-
in-chief, VI 264; 266; 273; 276 sq.
Lehzen, Louise, Baroness, x 674
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, ii 691,
707 ; Cartesian philosophy and, rv 791 ;
and Pascal, 794; v 69; Bossuet and, 87;
and Peter the Great, 532 ; 648 ; influence
of, at Prussian Court, 670 sqq.; Consilium
Aegyptiacum, 696; and mathematical
science, 712, 718; and Newton, 717 sq.;
728; 739; and scientific societies, 741;
744; 758; 760; vi 2sq.; 6; 8; and the
English Succession, 14, 16 sq. ; 19 ; 77 ;
xii 816 sq.
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, n 518;
Queen Elizabeth and, 582; m 17; in the
Netherlands, 37, 290, 502, 619-23; 269,
280; 296; and the Puritans, 491, 500,
710; death of, 332
Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of (4th cr.),
sent to Paris, iv 276
Leichhardt, Friedrich W. L., Australian
explorer, xi 795
Leigh, Charles, and South American coloni-
sation, IV 755
Leighton, Sir Elhs, secretary to the Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, v 305
Alexander, iv 278
Robert, Archbishop of Glasgow, v 281
Leiningen, Charles, 3rd Prince of (d. 1856),
XI 166
1
General Index,
431
Leiningen-Westerburg, Count Charles of,
executed, xi 214
Leinster, rebellion in, iv 523 sqq., 535
James Fitzgerald, Ist Duke of (Earl
of Kildare), vi488; 498
William Kobert Fitzgerald, 2nd
Duke of, and Whig Club, ix 693
Leipheim, Peasants' Eising at (1525), ii
181 sq.
Leipzig, Poles in, in 78; Convention of
Protestant Princes at, iv 195, 197, 200,
204, 205 ; 206 ; 207 ; Wallenstein at, 219,
221 ; 373 ; besieged by Torstensson, 386 ;
the Swedes hold, 390; the War and, 420;
Cartesian philosophy at, 791 ; University
of, V 760 ; Prussian magazines at, vi 267
sq., 273; 721; battle of (1813), ix 201,
425, 534-41 ; Bliicher at, 515 ; Napoleon
occupies, 517; Allies march on, 632;
Napoleon at, 533; Count Kadetzsky at,
583 ; 598 ; and German literature, x 384 ;
fair of, 759 ; xi 59 ; disturbances in, 148
sq. ; 219 ; Reichsgericht moved to, xn 150 ;
Banke at, 824 ; Mommsen at, 844
• Disputation, The, between Luther
and Eck, n 135 sq,
Leipzig Interim. See Interim
Leiria, captured by Saldanha (1834), x 336
Leisewitz, Johann Anton, x 386
Leisler, Jacob, usurpation of, in New York,
vn 44 sq. , 69
Leissdques, Corentin-Urbain-Jacques-Ber-
trand de, French rear-admiral, ix 234
Leith, captured and burnt (1544), ii 459;
fortified, 575; siege of (1560), 577; battle
of (1560), III 483 ; Cromwell in possession
of, IV 510 ; Jacobites at, vi 99 ; 112 ; 116
Sir James, lieutenant-general, at
Badajoz, ix 471
Leitmeritz, negotiations at (1634), iv 243,
252; Austrian magazine at, vi 257
Leitrim, plantation of, iv 513
Leitzkau, Assembly of Clergy at (1512), ii
129
Leix, rebellion in, in 585, 587 ; plantation
of, 588, 599, V 323
Le Jay, Claude, Jesuit Father, ii 652 sqq. ;
HI 160
Lejonhufvud, Axel, imprisonment of, iv
169
Leland, John, antiquarian, n 469
Le Large, Amable, French admiral, viii
466
Lelevel, Joachim, Polish historian, and the
Polish revolution, x 466 sq. ; xi 657 ; xn
842
Le Maire, Isaac, Amsterdam merchant, v
702
James (son of Isaac), voyages of, iv
713
Le Maistre de Saci, Isaac-Louis, iv 795
Le Mans, feudal courts in, viii 49 ; Vendean
defeat at, 355; strike suppressed at, x
491 ; XI 604 ; 607 sqq. ; battle of, 610
Claude d'Angennes, Bishop of, in 46
Le Marois, Comte, French general, ix 196 ;
ordered to Ancona, 400
Lemberg, taken by Turks (1672), v 353;
Polish victory at (1676), 356, 364 ; Russians
advance towards (1809), ix 364; under
Austrian rule, x 461 sq. ; popular council
at, XI 174
Sokolowski, Archbishop of, in 103
Lemercier, Jean-Louis-Anatole, Comte, xi
469
Comte Louis-Nicolas, President of
the Anciens, vin 677
Le M6tre, French engineer, v 601
Lemierre, Antoine-Marin, French dramatist,
VI 831
Lemnos, taken by Venetians, v 342
Lemos, Pedro Fernandez de Castro (Marquis
de Sarria), Count of (son-in-law of Lerma),
IV 629
Pedro A. F. de Castro, 10th Count
of (Marquis of Sarria, Duke of Taurisano),
Spanish Viceroy in Peru, v 681 ; 683
Lena river, xn 794; exploration on, 796
Lenau, Nikolaus, German poet, x 407; xi
411
L'Enclos, Ninon de, vin 4
L^nin, Eussian socialist leader, xn 330 sqq.
Lennep, Jacobus van, Dutch writer, xi 676
Lennox, Esm6 Stewart, Seigneur d'Aubigny,
Duke of, in 287 sq. ; 650
James Stewart, 4th Duke of (1st
Duke of Eichmond), iv 496
John Stewart, 3rd or 11th Earl of,
n 454
Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess
of, n 665; m 269
Matthew Stewart, 4th or 12th Earl
of, II 457 sq., 556 sq. ; ni 274 sq. ; accuses
Mary, 278; Eegent of Scotland (1670),
282; 285; murder of, 649
Leno, Giuliano, architect, ii 12
Lenoir-Dufresne, French cotton manu-
facturer, IX 126
Lenoncourt, Philip de. Cardinal, Archbishop
of Ehehns (d. 1691), in 40
Lens, truce of (1477), i 442; taken by
French, iv 598 ; battle of (1643), 599, 602,
. 606
LenthaU, William, Speaker, iv 344 sq. ; 648
Lenz, Jakob Michael Eeinhold, x 386 sq. ;
396; 400
Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici), Pope, i 32,
92, 113, 139, 163, 260, 323; Concordat
with Francis I, 388; 489, 545, 648, 550;
the Eenaissance and, 565 sq. ; Church
reform and, 621, 678; 661; policy of,
665; sale of offices by, 670, 672; 690;
II 4, 8, 10-19, 27; art under, 12 sqq.,
22, 30 sqq., 40 sqq. ; Indulgences of,
121; Luther's Theses and, 131; Luther
and, 132; death of, 418, 426, 610; pro-
hibited books and, 687; in 128; 468;
470; X 143
XI (Alessandro de' Medici), Pope, iv
669
27—2
432
General Index,
Leo Xn (Annibale della Genga), Pope,
opposes Consalvi, x 139; in Paris, 139 sq. ;
142 ; and Church affairs in Hanover and
States of Upper Ehine, 148 ; and Switzer-
land, 149; election of (1823), 151 sq. ;
and Consalvi, 152 ; reactionary policy of,
152 sq. ; death of, 154 ; and Lamennais,
163 ; Concordat of, with the King of the
Netherlands, 527; xi 72; 716
XIII (Vincent Joachim Pecci), Pope,
and Ireland, xn 48, 82; and France, 118
sq. ; Bismarck and, 152 ; election of, 216 ;
and Italian monarchy, 229 ; and Belgium,
251; 264; 725; death of, 225
Heinrich, German historian, xn 826
the Philosopher, The Art of War,
V 529
Leoben, preliminaries of peace signed at
(1797), vm 498, 653, 582 sq., 591
Leogane (San Domingo), and French Kevo-
lution, viii 193
Leon, Blake's army rallied in, ix 443;
Marshal Soult and, 444; 453; Del
Parque ordered to, 455; guarded by the
French, 458 ; Marmont in, 469 ; Sanchez
in, ib. ; delivered from the French, 473 ;
Graham descends into, 476
Diego, Spanish general, x 242
Fray Luis Ponce de, Spanish Ee-
former, ii 409
Juan Ponce de, Spanish Reformer,
II 406
Ponce de, discoverer of Florida, i 54
L6on y Pizarro, Jos^, Spanish statesman,
x212
Leonard, David, Boston loyalist lawyer,
vn 196
Leoninus, Dr, Dutch politician, ni 237
Leontieff, Abyssinian governor, xii 343
Leopardi, Giacomo, Count, x 127, 725;
21 546; 549
Leopold I, Emperor, elected, iv 430 sq.,
587; 590; 619; and Louis XIV, Vol. v,
Chap. II passim, 364 ; relatives of, 34 sq.,
41, 52, 350, 377, 381, 384; and Turks, 40,
49, 51 sq., 60 sq., 368, 370; and coalition
against France, 43; and Treaty of
Nymegen, 45, 356, 571 ; the German
Princes and, 46 ; and Truce of Ratisbon,
49 sq.; and Augsburg Alliance (1686), 52 ;
and Elector Maximilian Emmanuel of
Bavaria, 52 sq. ; and Cologne election,
64; and Revolution in England, 55, 57
sq.; captures Belgrade, 56; joins Grand
Alliance (1689), 58 ; and the neutralisation
of Italy, 62; and Peace of Ryswyk, 63;
English mission to, 109; and United
Provinces, 157, 161, 164, 166; and
English expedition of William of Orange,
244 ; alliance of, with Brandenburg, 353 ;
and France, 357, 650 sq.; and Hungary,
356 sq., 367, 369 ; and Elector Frederick
Augustus I of Saxony, 369 sq. ; and
Turkish attack on Transylvania, 345;
illness of, 346; 347; marriage of, 349,
377; election of, 338, 644; jurisdiction
of, 339; assists Dutch (1673), 340; ac-
cession and character of, 340 sq. ; 343 ;
and Poland, 344, 349 sq., 354, 356 ; secret
treaty of, with France, 349, 353 ; goes to
Passau, 360; 361; and John IH of
Poland, 362 sq.; signs Holy League
against the Turks, 364; and Queen Maria
Anna of Spain, 381; and Spanish Suc-
cession, 377, 387, 389 sqq., 664; and
accession of Philip V of Spain, 395 sq.,
401; and Grand Alliance, 397 sq., 403;
and Duke of Savoy, 408, 448; Spanish
claims of, 412; and Elector Frederick
William, 652 sq.; and Elector Frederick
III, 661 sq. ; and crown of Prussia, 663
sqq.; and Vienna Academia, 741; death
of, 414; and Elector George Lewis of
Hanover, vi 3 ; 4 ; 6 sq. ; and Switzer-
land, 616; and the succession, 201; ix
328
Leopold II, Emperor (Grand Duke of Tus-
cany), reign of, in Tuscany, vi 600 sqq. ;
645; reign of, 656 sq.; 710; 783 sq.;
vm 778; accession of, 293, 332 sqq.;
and war with France, 218, 221; and
Poland, 628 sqq.; death of, 228, 398,
531 ; makes terms with Turkey, ix 385 ;
X 142
Ill, Duke of Austria, etc. See
Austria
I, King of the Belgians, at Congress
of Vienna, ix 583; and Greek State,
X 203 sq.; 338; 490; 606; elected King
(1831), 540 ; character of, 541 ; and
Dutch invasion, 542; 670; and Queen
Victoria, 674; xi 669 sqq.; death of,
672; XII 160; 225; 718
II, King of the Belgians, xi 645;
accession of, 673; xii 3; 250; 252; and
army organisation, 254 ; and Congo Free
State, 255 sq., 658 sq., 661 sq., 810;
death of, 256
I, Grand Duke of Tuscany. See
Leopold II, Emperor
Archduke (of Tyrol), Bishop of Passau
and Strassburg, Rudolf's vicegerent in
Jiilich, III 558,688, 690, 730 sqq.; iv 24;
and bishoprics of Strassburg and Passau,
III 699, 702, 709 ; 720 ; 728 ; in Bohemia,
733 sqq. ; lessened importance of, iv 26 ;
Ferdinand's vicegerent in Vienna, 27;
31; 55; 57; 80; 84; and Edict of Resti-
tution, 112 sq. ; in Grisons, 673 sqq.
of Coburg, Prince. See Leopold I,
King of the Belgians
of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Prince.
See Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Ignatius, Archduke. See Leopold I,
Emperor
Prince of Palermo, xi 653
William, Archduke, and Halberstadt,
IV 91, 111 sqq.; 376; defeated near Chem-
nitz, 379; 385; at Breitenfeld, 386; de-
fends Upper Austria, 389 ; 391 sq.
General Index,
433
LeopoldiDe Caroline, Archduchess of Aus-
tria, X 313
Leopoldstadt, fortress of, v 350; 359
Lepanto, taken by Turks (1499), i 87 sq.;
battle of (1571), iii 134-5, 137, 170, 294,
315, 391, 410, 486, 495, 540, v 342
Le Peletier, Claude, French financier, v 28
Lepelletier de Saint-Fargeau, F.-L.-F61ix,
Comte, VIII 395 sq., 604
Louis Michel, Jacobin martyr,
VIII 131
Le Pesant, Pierre. See Boisguillebert
Le Play, Pierre-Guillaume-Fr6d6ric, econo-
mist, XII 94
Lepsinsky, Russian trade at, xn 796
Lepsius, Carl Richard, German Egyptolo-
gist, XII 845
Leri, Cavour at, xi 385
Lerida, French defeated before, iv 599;
Spanish defeated before, 653; captured
by Spain, 658 ; captured by Suchet (1810),
IX 457
L^rins, islands of, occupied by Spain, iv
147
Le Riviere (Jean le Map on). Huguenot
pastor, n 293
Lerma, Francisco Gomez de Sandoval y
Rojas, Marquis of Denia, 1st Duke of,
III397; 418-9; favour of, with Philip III,
526-8, 530-1 ; mistaken policy of, 534-8 ;
540-5; iv623sqq.; power of, 626; Philip
III and, 627 sqq. ; disgraced, 629, 633 ;
635 sqq.; 640; 650; coinage and, 656;
670
Pedro de, Spanish scholar, ii 401 sq.
Lermontoff, Michael, Russian writer, xi
648 sq.
Leroux, Pierre, socialist, x 485; 499; xi
24; 108; 110
Lersundi, Francisco, Spanish general, xi
559
Lesage, Alain-Ren^, French novelist, vi
833 ; X 717 sq.
Lesage- Senault, J. H., French politician,
vm 386
Lesbos, annexed by Turks (1462), i 76
Les Cayes, holds out for Rigaud, ix 420
Lescot, Fleuriot, Mayor of Paris, vni 364,
371
Lescun, Thomas de. Count of Comminges,
Marechal de Foix (brother of C. de Lau-
trec), I 393 ; ii 45, 97
Lescure, Louis -Marie, Marquis de, viii 354
Lescuyer, anarchist leader at Avignon, viii
218
Lesdain, Comte de, French explorer, xii
803
Lesdigui^res, Francois, afterwards Due de
Lesdigui^res, Constable of France, Hugue-
not leader, in 41 ; in Savoy, 414-9, 661,
672-3, 690
Francois de Bonne de Crdquy de
Blanchefort, Due de (grandson of above,
son of Charles, Marshal Cr^quy), Marshal
of France, aids Savoy, iv 123, 626;
supports the Court, 127; 128; death of,
131 ; 633 ; V 44
Lesghians, The, and Russia, xi 274
Lesley, John, Bishop of Ross, iii 278 ; 283
Leslie, Sir Alexander, 1st Earl of Leven, at
Stralsund, iv 107, 192 ; in Bohemia, 209 ;
at Hanau, 371; Dunse Law and, 284;
commands Scottish army, 320 ; at York,
321 ; invests Hereford, 331 sq. ; 334 ; 349 ;
at Dunbar, 435 ; 504 ; 510 ; 527
Alexander, general, vii 227
Charles, non-juror and controver-
sialist, III 746; VI 807; 816
David, at Marston Moor, iv 322;
victory of, at Philiphaugh, 332 sq., 506
John, Duke of Rothes. See Rothes
Walter [afterwards Count and Field-
Marshal), at Eger, iv 242
L'Esp^e, Prefect de, killed at St Etienne,
XI 503
Lesseps, Vicomte Ferdinand de, vn 649;
mission of, to Rome, xi 94, 123, 125 sq.;
and Suez Canal, 637 sq., xii 430 sq.;
433; 437; 439
Lessines, Marlborough at, v 420
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, v 69 ; 71 ; 131 ;
VI 713; 823; 827; 832 sq.; viii 772 sq.,
790; X 383; position of, in German
literature, 384 sq. ; 386 ; 389 ; 395 sq. ;
XI 411 ; 415 sq. ; Education of the Human
Race, XII 817
Lessius, Leonard, Jesuit, v 82
Lestock, Richard, admiral, vi 239
L'Estocq, Anton Wilhelm von, Prussian
general, ix 284-5 ; at Eylau, 286 ; 290-1
Lestocq, Armand, French physician, vi 311 ;
316
L'Estoile, Pierre de (Stella), Calvin and, ii
352; m 58
L'Estrange, Sir Roger, v 233; 290; 331
Lestwitz, General von. Governor of Breslau,
VI 274
Leszczynska, Maria. See Maria Lesz-
czynska
Leszczynski, Raphael, iii 76, 79
Stanislaus. See Stanislaus I, King
of Poland
Letcher, John, Governor of Virginia, vn
454
Le Tellier, Franpois-Michel. See Louvois,
Marquis de
Michel, confessor of Louis XIV, v 90
Michel, French Minister of War, iv
593; 699; and Mazarin, 608; 612; 614
sq. ; V 5 sq. ; 17 ; Chancellor of France,
24
Letellier, Barth^lemy's valet, viii 512
de St Just, L., Lieutenant-Governor
of Quebec, xii 614
Lethington* See Maitland
Letort, French general, ix 568
Letourneur, Pierre, French translator, vi
830
C.-L.-F.-Honor6, Director, vm 249,
442; 489, 491, 495
434
General Index,
Letter to Sir Hercules Langrishe, ix 695
Letterkenny, O'Neill defeated at, in 591
Letters from the Cape of Good Hope, ix 761
Letters of Indulgence, in Scotland, First,
1669, Second, 1672, Third, 1679, v 284
sqq.; James II's, 290
Letters of Majesty, of 1609, to Bohemia
and Silesia, in 727-8, 734; iv 2 sq.;
14 sqq. ; 74 sq.
Leu, Joseph, assassinated, xi 247
Leubelfing, page of Gustavus, iv 221
Leuchtenberg, Augustus (Beauharnais),
Duke of, X 338; 539
Nicolas Maximilianovich, Duke of,
XI 641
Leuthen, battle of, vi 275; 277; 280; 282
sq.; 291; 841; 706
Leuzen, Prussian force at, v 666
Levant, Dutch trade with, in 631 ; French
Consuls in trading stations of, 694;
French Company of, v 12; ports of, vi
350; Vol. XI, Chap, ix (2); after the
Crimean War, Chap, xxii (2); Austrian
Lloyd service in, 394
Levasseur, Emile, French economist, xn
850
Levellers, Section of Independents (1647),
IV 345 sqq.
in Ireland. See Whiteboys
Leven, David Melville, 3rd Earl of, vi 92
Earl of. See also Leslie, Alexander
Leventina, Val, and Uri, vi 625
Lever, Thomas, sermons of, ii 490
Le Verger, Peace of (1488), i 394
Leverrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph, xii 768
Leveson, Sir Eichard, iii 327
Leveson-Gower. See Granville
Levin, Rahel A. F. (Madame Varnhagen
von Ense), viii 773
L^vis, Frangois Gaston, Due de. Marshal
of France, vn 126, 129 ; 135, 141 sqq.
Levski, Vasil, Bulgarian patriot, xn 384
Lew, Zdenko, of Eozmital, Bohemian poli-
tician, I 338
Lewal, Jules-Louis, French Minister of War,
XII 96
Lewenhaupt, Adam, Swedish general, v 594 ;
597 sqq.; 603
Carl Emil, Swedish general, vi 760 sq.
Lewis, Jacobites in, vi 105
IV (the Bavarian), Emperor, v 620
sq.
I, the Great, King of Hungary, xi
421; 429
■ n, King of Hungary and Bohemia,
in 105; V 625
• Margrave of Baden-Baden. See
Baden-Baden
. Count of Nassau. See Nassau
Elector Palatine. See Palatinate
Sir George Cornewall, x 676 ; xi 765 ;
and Niebuhr, xn 821
Matthew Gregory, x 698; 710; 716;
718
Meriwether, explorer, vn 326, 364
Lexington, battle of (1775), vi 447, vn 165 ;
captured (1861), 460
Ley den, siege of (1574), ra 239-40, 498;
Separatist Congregation formed at, 346 ;
cloth and linen trade at, 631 ; Remon-
strants in, 651-2 ; University of, iv 717,
789, V 753 sq., ix 417; and Act of
Seclusion, v 143; 639; 734
Jan of. See John of Leyden
Leyrit, de, Governor of Pondicherry, vi
547
Leyva, Alonso de, in 307, 314
Antonio de, Spanish general, n 44,
48; defence of Pavia by, 50 sq.; 53, 68
sq., 70; death of, 72
Lhassa, British expedition to, xn 4, 490;
travellers at, 797 sq.; 799; 803 sq.;
Treaty of, 492
L'Hopital {or L'Hospital), Michel de, Chan-
cellor of France, ii 297, 301, 303, 347;
m 2, 6; and the PoUtiques, 7-8, 11, 21,
67; political theories of, 753; ix 176
L'Hospital {or L'Hopital), Fran9ois de,
Comte du Hallier, Marshal of France,
at Rocroi, iv 594
Guillaume - Francois - Antoine de.
Marquis de Saint-Mesme and de L'Hos-
pital, mathematician, v 718
See also Vitry
L'Hoste, Secretary of Villeroy, in 682
Lhuillier, Louis Marie, French politician,
vni 234, 252
Liancourt, Duo de. See La Rochefoucauld-
Liancourt
Liane, French flotilla in the, ix 228
Liao-Tung peninsula, xn 4; Japan and,
52; 511 sq. ; 576 sq.; ceded to Japan,
601
Liaoyang, xii 346; Kuropatkin at, 581 sqq.;
587; battle of, 591 ; 601
Liapunoii, Prokopi, Russian anti-Polish
leader, v 501
Libau, port of, vi 666
Libel of Reformation, of Emperor Ferdinand
I, n 675, 678, 680
Liber Pontificalis, xi 718
Liberation, Russian journal, xn 333
Liberator, Boston newspaper, vn 387
Liberia, colony of, planted, vn 386; negro
republic of, xii 660
Libertas, Bull of Leo XIII, xn 118
"Libertines" (liberal Calvinists in northern
Netherlands), and William the Silent, in
64G
followers of Montaigne, viii 4
Liberty of a Christian Man, Luther's, n
136
Libraries, services of Benedictines as
guardians of books, i 534 {see also the
monastic schools in general) ; and search
for Mss, 549; Filelfo's Greek library,
551; collection of Niccolo de' Niccoli,
551 sq.; public, Cosimo de' Medici first
great founder of, 552 ; the great libraries
of Florence, ib,; beginnings of Vatican
General Index,
435
Library, 552 sq.; private, of 16th cen-
tury, 653 ; of Christ Church, Canterbury,
at close of 13th or opening of 14th
century, 689 sq. ; of Ramsey Abbey, 690 ;
and the age of collection, 594 sqq.;
Vatican, in the 15th century, 695 sq.;
other Italian of this early period includ-
ing that of San Marco, 696; French, at
St Denis, at Corbie, at Avignon (the
papal), and beginnings of the Biblio-
th^que Nationale of Paris, 697 ; English
collectors and collections, including those
of certain colleges of Oxford and Cam-
bridge, 597 sq. ; of Basel, 599 ; German,
including that of Cues, 699 sq.; in
16th century, 611 sq., 619 ; lending, 639 ;
catalogue of Vatican mss, begun under
Benedict XIV, vi 589 ; American, vn 744
sq. ; Russian, in villages, xii 327
Lihre Parole, La, French journal, xn
120
Libri-Bagnano, G., editor of the National
(Belgian journal), x 532 sqq.
Libussa, Princess, xi 654
Libyan desert, travellers in, xii 813
Licet ah initio. Bull (1542), ii 381, 649
debitum vastoralis officii (1549), n
655
Lichfield, troops at, vi 114
Lichnowsky, Felix, Prince, murder of, xi
169
Lichtenbergers, faction in Utrecht, i 423
Lichtenstein, G. von. Minister of Maxi-
milian I, I 324
Lie, Jonas, Norwegian novelist, xn 281
Lielser, Franz, German writer, xn 820
Liebermann, Felix, xu 850
Liebig, Justus, Baron von, x 741
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, socialist politician,
XII 153
Liebler, Thomas. See Liiber
Liechtenstein, and Germanic Confederation,
XI 223
Prince Charles of, Governor of
Bohemia, iv 71 sqq.
Prince Wenceslas (Wenzel) von,
Austrian ambassador at Paris, vi 228
Prince, Austrian general, ix 260;
sent to Vienna (Sept. 25, 1809), 359
Prince, xii 195 sq.
Liefkenshoeck, fort of, vi 641 sqq.
Li6ge, sack of (1468) by Charles the Bold,
I 389 sq., 422; Charles V and, ii 102;
Prince-Bishopric of, Ernest of Bavaria
elected to (1581), iii 708; taken by Marl-
borough (1702), V 406; 488; siege of
(1746), VI 247; Prince-Bishopric of, 647;
occupied by the French (1792), viii 417;
Prussians at, ix 623; Biilow at, 625;
trade of, x 524; William I at, 531;
Belgian retreat to (1831), 642; the iron
industry of, 755 sq. ; Walloons in pro-
vince of, 621; unrest in (1828), 630;
International Congress at, xi 486;
socialism at, xn 252
Liege, Bishops of: —
i^rnest of Bavaria, in 708
Evrard de La Marck, n 102
George (bastard son of Emperor
Maximilian I), n 102
John of Bavaria (son of Albert of
Holland and Hainault), i 421-2
Louis of Bourbon, i 422, 440, 444
Liegnitz, Saxon victory at, iv 244, 247;
principality of, v 652; 669; Prussia
claims duchy of, vi 229; 275; battle of
(1760), 294 sq., 297, 326
Liers, attacked by the French, vi 247
Liestal, attack upon, xi 245
Lieven, Christoph Andreievich, Prince, x
22; and Greek Question, 186 sq., 190,
193 sq., 197, 199, 202; in London, 474
Life, Russian journal, xn 330
Lifford, stormed by O'Neill, in 591
James Hewitt, Viscount, Lord
Chancellor of Ireland, vi 505
Ligham, Dr, Dean of Arches, n 431
Lightfoot, Joseph Barber, Bishop of Dur-
ham, XII 847
Ligne, Charles Joseph, Prince de, vi 697;
699; IX 680
Eugene Lamoral, Prince d'Aubise et
d'Epinay, Prince de, x 536
Ligny, fight at, iv 81; Bliicher defeats
French at (1814), ix 544; Blucher at,
625; battle of (1815), 627 sqq.
Ligonier, John Ligonier, Ist Earl of, vi 75 ;
114; 248; 424
Ligorio, Pirro, in 442
Liguria, French influence in, ix 69;
nobility of, 397 ; French Concordat and,
401
Ligurian Republic, viii 588, 692, 633; re-
constituted by Bonaparte, ix 83
Ligurio, Alfonso, follower of Servetus, n
411
Li Hungchang, Chinese statesman, xn 601;
railway policy of, 606 sq, ; and Russia,
607; 609; and Treaty of Shimonoseki,
612; at St Petersburg, 513; 520; negotiates
•with France, 526 ; and negotiations with
Japan, 670; death of, 621
Lilbum, John, iv 280
Colonel Robert, iv 449
Liliencron, Baron Detlev von, German
song-writer, xi 413
Liliestr&le, Joachim Vilhelm, Swedish
Vicar-general, vi 774
Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii, vn 667
sq.
Liljencrantz, Johan, Swedish President of
Finance, vi 773 sq. ; 776 sq.
Lille, Treaty of (1613), i 483; taken by
French (1667), v 38, 199; captured bv
Allies (1708), 421 sq.; 447; 467 sq.';
action at, vi 240; siege of (1792), vin
415; 435; peace negotiations at (1797),
IX 39; Drouet at, 572; cotton industry
at, X 753; 758; xi 31; Republican ban-
quets at, 40; 602
436
General Index.
Lillieroth, Baron, Swedish representative
at the Hague, v 591
Lillo, George, dramatist, vi 823
Lilly, William, English Hellenist, i 680,
682
Lima, under Spanish rule, v 681; 682;
684; consulado of, x 247; University of,
i6.; administration of, 248, 250, 276;
clerical disorder in, 253 ; the Inquisition
in, 253 sq. ; Indians in, 263 ; Indian
conspiracy in (1750), 266; 284; San
Martin in, 293; Bolivar in, 295 sq.;
Chilian troops in, xii 679
Limanowski, Polish socialist, xii 337
Limburg, duchy of, annexed to Brabant
(1288), I 419; restored to Spain, v 45;
447; VI 631; frontiers of, 645; 647;
and Decree of November 19, viii 300;
Belgium and, x 605, 542 sqq.; and Ger-
manic Confederation, xi 223; 667; 669;
674
Limerick, "undertakers" in, ni 599 ; Ireton
besieges, iv 534 sq. ; Cromwellian Settle-
ment and, 536 ; besieged by Ginkel (1691),
V 58, 261, 317 sqq.; by William III
(1690), 315 sq.; Treaty of (1691), 319
sqq.
Limoelan, Chouan conspirator, ix 17-8
Limoges, the Commune at, xi 503
Limousin, peasants' rising in, in 664;
Turgot Intendant of, viii 83, 127
Limpopo river, xi 782 ; the Transvaal and,
XII 639
Lin, Chinese Commissioner, xi 807; 810
Linacre, Thomas, English Hellenist, i 491,
563, 579, 582, 643
Linares, Duke of, vi 361
Lincoln, Abraham, vii 436 sq.; President
of United States, 440 sqq. ; early history
of, 443 sqq. ; description of, 449 sq. ; ad-
ministration of, during Civil War, Chaps.
XIV and xv passim; meets Grant, 515;
and peace negotiations, 535 sqq.; at
Eichmond, 544 sq. ; death of, 645 sqq. ;
work of, 547 sq. ; 576 ; and slavery, 580,
583-602; views of, on secession, 625;
XI 336; XII 16
Mrs Abraham (Mary Todd), vii 545
Benjamin, American general, vii 219,
313
Edward Fiennes de Clinton, 1st Earl
of (7th cr.). Ill 18
John de la Pole, Earl of, i 465 sq. ;
killed at Stoke, 467
Eobert Todd, American politician,
VII 545
Lindau, Diet of (1496), i 306; ii 205; and
the TetrapoUtana, 212; Treaty of (1622),
IV 56 sqq., 129
Linden, Wiirtemberg diplomatist, at Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 609
Lindenau, Bertrand at, ix 635; French
retreat through, 540
Lindesay, Thomas, Archbishop of Armagh,
VI 486
Lindet, Eobert, vm 249, 256, 269, 340;
on Comity de Salut Public^ 343 sq.; 368,
385; and Soci€t€ des J^gaux, 504
Lindholm, Treaty of (1393), n 600
Lindley, John, Professor of Botany, xi 10
Lindman, S. A. A., Swedish statesman,
xn 278
Lindner, F. L. L., Manuskript aus SUd-
deutschland, x 369
Lindsay, Sir David, Scottish poet, n 656,
691
William, Earl of Crawford. See
Crawford
Lindsey, Eobert Bertie, 1st Earl of, at
La Eochelle, iv 133; Eoyalist general,
307
Linevich, Lieutenant-general, in the Eusso-
Japanese War, xn 683, 696 sqq.
Ling, Peter Henrik, Swedish poet, xi 686
Lingard, John, historian, xn 836
Lingen, siege of (1597), iii 629; captured
by Spinola (1605), 637; countship of, v
668; IX 410
Lingg, Hermann Ludwig Otto, poet, xi 414
Liniers, J. A. M., Viceroy of Buenos Ayres,
X 281 ; 285 sq.
Linkoping, Treaty of (1598), iv 172;
Swedish Estates at, 173 sq. ; see of, vi
774
Linkoping, Bishops of: —
John Brask, n 603, 622 sq., 624 sqq.
Hemming Gadd, n 603, 607
Martin Olafsson, ii 631
Linlithgow, elections in, vi 93; 115
Linois, Comte Charles -Alexandre -L^on-
Durand de, French rear-admiral, ix 53-4
Linschoten, Jan Huyghen, his ItineraHum,
in 632
Linth, victory of Soult on the, vm 661
Lintin, opium smuggling at, xi 806
Linyanti, Livingstone in, xn 808
Linz, homage of Austrian Estates to Eudolf
at, in 701; meeting of Archdukes at,
719 ; embassy from Union at, 726 ;
assembly of Austrian Estates at (1614),
IV 11; Maximilian at, 64; 76; v 347;
Holy League signed at (1684), 364;
Bavarian troops at, vi 232 sq.; 277;
Napoleon at, ix 257 ; revolutionary move-
ment at, XI 155
Lionne, Hugues de, Marquis of Berny,
and Mazarin, iv 608, 614; dismissed,
616; French ambassador, 686; 688;
Secretary of State, v 1; 5; 39; 102;
153
Liotard, Victor, in Africa, xn 130
Li Pingheng, Governor of Shantung, xn
513
Lippa, on the Marosch, taken by Mohammad
Sokolli, in 122; Turkish garrison de-
parts from, 123
Lippe-Biickeburg, Count William of, vi
369; 387; 426
Lippe-Detmold, the revolutionary move-
ment in, XI 160
General Index.
437
Lippomani, Aloisio (AloysiusLippomannus) ,
the Lives of the Saints, i 610; nuncio to
Poland, II 637, m 80
Lippomano, Nicholas. See Bergamo,
Bishop of
Lipsius, Justus (Joest Lips), Dutch scholar,
I 579; IV 717
Lipski, iron-works at, v 533
Lipstorpius, Daniel, iv 791
Liptay, Baron Anton, Austrian Field-
Marshal, VIII 658, 668, 575
Liria, Duke of, vi 142 ; Spanish ambassador
in Kussia, 145 ; 150 sq.
Lisbon, English repulse at (1589), in 318,
611; Irish refugees at, 504; jealousy
among Spanish officers at, 505 ; departure
of Armada from, under command of
Medina Sidonia(1588), 606 sqq.; organisa-
tion of new Armada at, 629 ; desolation
at, 530; Eupert at, iv 463 sq.; 467;
revolution in, 651, 713; trade and, 728;
VI 155; 369; earthquake at, 385; 388;
a centre of English commerce, ix 302 ;
Junot marches to, 303-4, 428 sq.; 363;
French at (1807-8), 367, 435 sq., 439;
Wellesley sets out for, 440 ; 441 ; Moore
orders a retreat on, 443-4; British at,
448 ; Wellesley at, 449 sq. ; guns from,
459; Mass6na advances on (1810), 461;
retreats from, 462; Cardinal Pacca in,
X 134; revolutionary agents in, 213;
occupied by the French (1807), 310;
revolt at, 312; King John returns to
(1821), 313 sqq.; leaves (1823), 317; Sir
Charles Stuart at, 319; Saldanha
threatens, 320; Dom Miguel at (1828),
322; revolt at, 324; 326; defence of,
against Dom Pedro, 328 ; 330 ; Napier's
advance on (1833), 331 sqq. ; Dom Pedro
in, 334 sqq.; revolution (1836) in, 338;
XI 281; 572; cholera in, 574; xn 270;
King Carlos murdered at, 272
Roderic da Cunha, Archbishop of,
and Portuguese independence, iv 651
Lisgar, Sir John Young, Lord, Governor-
General of Canada, xi 775
Lisieux, Guillaume Du Vair, Bishop of.
La Philosophie Morale des StoiqtteSf in
70, V 72
Lisle, Sir George, death of, iv 351
John Dudley, Viscount. See North-
umberland, Duke of
L'Isle Adam, Villiers de. Grand Master of
the Knights of Rhodes, i 94
Lismanini, Francisco, religious Reformer in
Poland, n 635, 637
Lisola, Baron Franz Paul von, Austrian
diplomatist, iv 427; 429; v 112; 349
648
Lissa, French defeated off (1811), ix 239
naval battle at (1866), xi 541
List, Friedrich, political economist, x 354
and Zollverein, 372; xi 54
Lista, Alberto, x 229
Lister, Joseph Lister, Lord, xn 780
Liston, Sir Robert, British ambassador at
Constantinople, x 175; 177
Lit, van der, Russian ambassador in
London, v 608
Literature (General), effect of the discovery
of the New World upon, i 62 sqq. ; and
the Renaissance, see Chaps, xvi, The
Classical Renaissance, passim, and xvii,
The Christian Renaissance, passim; Ma-
chiavelli in, see Chap, vi, especially 199-
218; political thought in, see Vol. m.
Chap, xxn. Political Thought in the
16th century, 736-69 ; science in, in the
17th and 18th centuries, Vol. v. Chap.
XXIII, 706-41 passim ; the Romantic move-
ment in European, Vol. vi. Chap, xxiv,
822-37 ; ecclesiastical, of the earlier 19th
century, x 157 sqq.; and the Hellenic
movement of the early 19th century,
174 sq.; and Byron, 182; xn 13
English, under Elizabeth, theo-
logical, III 347 sq. ; Chap, xi, The
Elizabethan Age of English Literature,
364-82; see Vol. iv. Chap, xxvi, The
Fantastic School of English Poetry;
Vol. V, Chap. VI, The literature of the
English Restoration, including Milton;
political philosophy in, in the 17th and
18th centuries. Vol. vi, Chap, xxiii, 785-
821 ; the great Reviews, ix 687 sq. ;
Vol. X, Chap. XXII, The Revolution in
English poetry and fiction, 696-726;
(1840-70), Vol. XI, Chap, xin, 347-65;
of late years, xn 64
French, in the 15th century, i
414 sq. ; see Vol. in. Chap, n, French
Humanism and Montaigne, 53-72; Vol.
V, Chap. Ill, French 17th century litera-
ture and its European influence, 64-71;
of philosophy, and the French Revolu-
tion, Vol. vin, Chap, i, 1-35; and the
French Revolution, Chap, xxv, 754-90;
under the First Empire, ix 129 sqq.;
censorship, ib. ; literary men in political
opposition, 130 sqq. ; of the Restoration,
glory of, X 100 sqq.; from 1830-40,
513 sqq.; Vol. xi. Chap, xviii. The
reaction against Romanticism in (1840-
71), 507-28
German, Maximilian I and, i 326;
of the German Reformation, ii 136;
failure of press censorship over the,
168 sqq.; in the age of the Reforma-
tion, Chap, xrx passim; and the Thirty
Years' War, iv 426; at the opening of
the 19th century, ix 336; ecclesiastical
views of the Romantic, x 160 sqq. ; in the
18th and early 19th centuries generally,
see Chap, xn, 383-412; (1840-70), Vol.
XI, Chap. XV (2), 411-20
Hungarian (1686-1900), Vol. xi.
Chap. XV (3), 421-31
Italian, and the greatness of Venice,
I 284 sq.; under Leo X, ii 16 sq.; 27 sq.;
in Tuscany, under Cosimo de' Medici, m
General Index.
394 ; the end of the Italian Renaissance,
Chap. XIV, 456-74; Bomanticism in, x
124 sqq., 166 sqq.; of the Buorgimento
and after (1846-70), xi 544-9
Literature, in the Netherlands nnder the
Burgundian Dukes, i 432 sqq.; transcrip-
tion of Mss and the humanistic scholar-
ship of the Brethren of the Common
Life, 435 sqq. ; (1800-70), xi 675 sq.
Norwegian (and Danish) (1815-65),
XI 697-702; in the later 19th century,
XII 281
in the New England colonies, vn
59 sq.
Polish, and Young Russia, x 432;
(and Bohemian), xi 653-60; journalistic,
XII 339
Russian, Catharine II of Russia and,
VI 698 sq. ; and Young Russia in the
early 19th century, x 431 sq.; (1800-1900),
XI 648-52; journalistic, of the later 19th
century, xii 296 sqq.; recent tendencies
in, 302 sq.; journalistic, 347
Spanish, in the late loth and early
16th centuries, i 379 sqq. ; in the second
half of the 16th and early 17th centuries,
III 545 sqq. ; during the last forty years,
XII 268 sq.
Swedish, in the late 19th century,
xn 280
Swiss, in the early 19th century, ix
427; in the 19th century, xi 261
in the U.S.A., early efforts and
growth in, vii 740 sqq.
See also History, etc.
Lithuania, Grand Duchy of, in 73, 83-5,
87; Russia and, iv 680; Peace of Oliva
and, 591; v 480; and Ivan the Great,
481 ; 485 ; 498 ; Russia and, 504 ; Charles
XII in, 592; 696; German Order and,
632 sq.; vil92; 221; 664; 671; Russian
army iu, viii 531; Russian occupation
of (1794), 546 ; proposed grand-duchy of,
IX 486; forced conversions in, x 425;
the secret societies and, 432, 453; and
Poland, 446, 450 sq.; 464, 467; Russian
rule in, 456 sq., 459 sq.; expedition to
(1831), 472; xi622; repressive measures
in, 629; language movement in, xn 336;
337
Alexander, Great Prince of, v 481
Jagello, Prince of. See Jagello
Litta, Count Giulio, ix 39
Laurent de. Cardinal, papal nuncio
in St Petersburg (1797), ix 39; x 139;
and Irish Catholics, 635
Pompeo, Count, historian, xn 842
Little Gospel, The (German devotional
treatise), ii 107
Littledale, St George, travels of, xn 802
Littler, Sir John Hunter, lieutenant-general,
XI 739
Littleton, Sir Edward, in Bengal, v 700
Edward John, and Irish tithe, x 662 ;
663
Littleton, Sir Thomas, the elder, v 216
Littre, Maximilien-Paul-Emile, French
writer, xn 93
Liu Ming-chuan, Chinese Viceroy, xn 505
Liverani, Eusebio, Monsignor, xi 531
Liverdun, Treaty of (1632), iv 226
Liverpool, and Irish trade, vi 496 ; and the
franchise, x 605 ; the cotton trade of, 759 ;
financial crisis in, xi 327; 336; and
Manchester railway, 4; xn 20; Home
Rule meeting at, 75 ; University of, 763
Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of, vi
424; Treasurer of the Ordnance Office,
427; 429; 437 sq.; Secretary at War,
450; President of the Board of Trade,
VIII 285
Robert Banks Jenkinson (Lord
Hawkesbury), 2nd Earl of, vin 297;
Foreign Minister, ix 71; 100-1, 681;
and Catholic Emancipation, 678; at the
Foreign Office, 681; at War Office, 689;
Prime Minister, 690; and Canada, 746;
and Napoleon, 759; x 194; 674; 584;
589; illness of, 591; and Ireland, 637;
XI 790
Plains (Australia), xi 790
Livigno, and Valtelline War, iv 39, 50,
54, 61
Livingston, Robert R.,UnitedStatesMinister
to France, vii 325
Livingstone, David, in Africa, xn 658, 808
sqq., 812
Livonia, influence of Charles V's policy on,
n 144; ceded to Poland (1582), m 73;
101; and Sweden, iv 162 sqq.; invaded
by Charles IX, 174 sq.; Mansfeld in, 176;
181 sqq.; and Truce of Altmark, 187;
188 sq.; Gustavusand, 191 sqq.; 366; 378;
383; 578; 680 sq.; 683 sq.; confirmed
to Sweden, 690; 591; Charles X and
Polish claim to, 589; Russian conquest
of (1557-60), V 493 sq.; surrendered to
Poland, 494; and Russia, 506, 612, 527;
Swedish rule in, 577; Patkul and, 586;
invaded by the Saxons (1699-1700), 687;
Russian invasion of (1701-2), 690 sq.;
602; 610; 614; ceded to Russia (1721),
615; 630; 652; vi 35; the Treaty of
Havelberg and, 206; 207; 253; 301; 317;
and 1st Partition of Poland, 669; 694;
Sweden and, 778; abolition of serfdom
in, X 427; repressive measures in, xi 629;
Russian administration of, xn 335 ; 363
Knights of, and Lithuania, v 480 sq.
Livomo, prosperity of, vi 600 ; 606 ; closed
to English vessels by Napoleon, ix 398
Livry, Abb6 de, French diplomatist, vi
140
Lizard, Knights of the, v 633
Lizet, Pierre, President of the Ghambre
Ardente, ii 288
Llandaff, Henry Matthews, Viscount, Home
Secretary, xn 45
Llorente, Alejandro, Spanish Minister of
Finance, xi 659
General Index.
439
Llorente, Juan Antonio, Spanish historian,
Till 783; xn 842
Lloyd, Clifford, mission of, to Egypt, xii
444
Loanda, Portuguese settlement, vi 187;
Livingstone at, xii 808
Loano, battle of, viii 444, 558 sq., 562
Loaysa, Garcia de. Cardinal, n 26, 217
Archbishop of Toledo. See Toledo
Lobanoff, Prince, ix 291 ; sent to Tilsit,
292
Prince, Eussian Foreign Minister,
XII 418; and Li Hungchang, 613
Lobanoff -Rostovski, Prince Dmitrij, Russian
Minister of Justice, x 440
Lobau, the French at (May, 1809), ix 350,
352
Comte Georges Mouton de, Marshal
of France, and the Belgian campaign
(1816), IX 625; 627, 633, 641; x 488
Lobeck, Christian August, German scholar,
XII 822
L'Obel, Matthias de, botanist, v 734
Lobengula, King of the Matabele, xii 49;
639
Lobkowitz, August Longin, Prince von.
Governor of Galicia, x 462
Prince George Christian, Austrian
Commander-in-chief, vi 234 sqq.; 241;
308 ; in Italy, 596 sq.
Wenceslas, Prince von, Austrian
statesman, v 341 ; 349 ; 352 sq.
Zdenko von, Bohemian High Chan-
cellor, III 727; IV 16; 18; 19
Prince von, Austrian general (1800),
IX 62
Prince von, Austrian adjutant-general
(1848), XI 182
Lob-nor, caravan route to, xii 793; 799;
802
Lobo de Silveira, Chevalier, at the Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 584
Lobositz, Prussian troops in, vi 255 ; 257 ;
262
Local Government Board, established, xii
27
Loch, Henry Brougham, Lord, in China,
XI 819
Loches, meeting between the Queen-Mother
and Anjou at, iii 28
Lochleven, Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned
at. III 276; her escape from, 277
Lochmaben, the Old Pretender proclaimed
at, VI 98
Loch-na-Nuagh, vi 112 ; Prince Charles at,
117
Loci Communes, of Melanchthon, ii 165,
233; translated into Italian, 380; John
Eck's counter-publication, 172
Locke, John, philosopher, n 691; in 749;
760; 764; 767; v 125; and Revolution
settlement, 252 sqq. ; 264 ; and currency,
269 ; 271 ; theory of government of, 273 ;
275 sqq.; 332; 334; 467 sq.; vi 787; 796;
802 sqq.; 807; 809 sqq.; style of, 811 sq.;
813 sqq.; 817 sq.; 825; scheme of con-
stitution for Carolina (1667) attributed
to, VII 35; viii 6, 7, 10, 757
Lockhart, George, of Carnwarth, vi 106
John Gibson, xi 362
Sir William, envoy in France, iv
439; 640; Treaty of the Pyrenees and,
642
Sir William S. A., general, xn 488
Lockhorsts, faction in Utrecht, i 423
Locle, Le, Republican movement in, xi 253
Locr6 de Roissy, Jean-Guthrum, Baron,
IX 8; 161
Lodenstein, Jodocus van, and Pietism, v
755
Lodge, Sir Oliver, and wireless telegraphy,
XII 787
Thomas, m 371
Lodi, Peace of (1454), between Venice and
the Sforza, i 281; taken by French
(1523), II 48; Elisabeth Farnese and, vi
152; 508; 610; battle of (1796), vin
569 sq.
Lodovisio, Lodovico, Cardinal. See Ludo-
visi, Luigi
Lodz, growth of, xii 337
Loffler, Jacob, Swedish diplomatist, in
Paris, IV 247 sqq.; Heilbronn Alliance
and, 251; and Gustavus, 401
Loscher, Valentin Ernst, and Pietism, v
760
Loevestein, escape of de Groot from (1621),
III 655; Jacob de Witt imprisoned at,
V 138
Lowendahl, General, vi 243; 247 sq.
Lowenhielm, Count Gustaf Karl F., at
Congress of Vienna, rx 586; 661
Lowenorn, Paul Vendelbo, Danish states-
man, VI 738
Lowenwolde, Count Carl Gustaf, Russian
envoy to Warsaw, vi 194; 302
Count Frederick Casimir, Russian
resident at Warsaw, vi 194 sq.
Reinhold, Russian officer, vi 302
Lofft, Capel, writer, viii 758
Lofo, peace negotiations at (1718), v 613
Loftus, Adam, 1st Viscount Loftus of Ely,
Irish finance and, iv 517; 520
Logan, James, in Pennsylvania, vii 51-2
John Alexander, American general,
VII 524
Logique de Port-Royal, iv 790
Logrono, siege of (1521), i 378
LoheUus. See Prague, Archbishop of
Lohmann, Prussian official, xn 165
Loigny, French repulse at, xi 605
Lois Castle, Charles XII at, v 691
Loisel, Antoine, ni 59
Loisy, Alfred, and patristic study, xn 848
Loja, revolt at, xn 267
Lollio, Alberto, founder of Ferrarese
Academy, n 384
Lombard, Johann Wilhelm, Prussian states-
man, Cabinet Secretary, ix 249 ; unpopu-
larity of, 272; 282
440
General Index,
Lombard, French socialist, xii 123
Lombardo-Venetia {see al«o Lombardy), mar-
tial law in, XI 162; 170; political trials
in, 372; under the rule of Radetzky,
376 sq.; 382
Lombardy, Alva raises troops in, iii 8;
and the Duke of Savoy, iv 624, 642;
occupied by the French, v 401 sq.; vi
124; Alberoni in, 125; 154; 159 sqq.;
197 ; war in, 236 ; Charles Emmanuel
and, 245, 249; 601 sq.; Don Philip in-
vades, 608; Switzerland and, 611; over-
run by the French (1796), vrn 553, 779;
556, 688 sq. ; Austrian province, 778;
Napoleon plans to attack, ix 69 ; occupied
by French troops, 62-3; Count Melzi
and, 85; Bonaparte's plans for, 87;
Napoleon assumes the crown of (1805),
247; 397; Austrian designs on, 591;
Austrian rule in, x 104 sqq., 109 ;
conspiracies in, 117 sq.; Church govern-
ment in, 144 sq. ; xi 70; hostility to
Austria in, 75 sq. ; 78; 81; war in,
82, 84 sqq.; union of, with Piedmont,
90; and Austria, 92; 332; 384; 388;
relinquished by Austria, 407; Garibaldi
in, 533
Lombe, Sir Thomas, silk manufacturer, x
733
Lombroso, Cesare, xn 231
Lome, Dupuy de, Spanish Minister to
United States, vii 676
Lom^nie, Louis Leonard de, biographer of
Mirabeau, viii 150 ,
. de Brienne, Etienne - Charles de.
Archbishop of Sens and Toulouse, vni
74 ; and Compte Rendu of 1788, 75, 689 ;
Chief of Council of Finance, 104 sqq. ;
108, 110 sqq., 114; retires (1788), 115;
160; 198
Henri-Louis, Comte de. Secre-
tary of State under Louis XIV, v 6
L. M. A., Comte de (brother
of Archbishop), Minister of War, vm
107
Lomza, Russians retreat to, ix 284
Lonato, battle of, viii 575
Lonck, Hendrik Corneliszoon, iv 707
London, trade of. with Venice, i 257;
literary club formed in (1579), in 368;
gates of, shut on report of Spanish
landing, 531 ; Constable of Castile in,
536 ; estimated growth of trade of (1619),
667 ; offer of Coleraine lands to City of,
615 ; ordered to supply ships, iv 266 ;
272, 278; " Root-and-Branch " petition
and, 291 ; Irish rebellion and, 295 ;
296 sq.; at opening of first Civil War,
302 sq.; 304; 308 sq.; taxation and, 282,
310 ; 311 ; Royalist plot in, 314 ; 315 sqq. ;
323 sq.; 333; 335; Presbyterians and, 337
sqq. ; 342 ; and Parliamentary army, 343
sq.; 347 sq.; 354; Petition of, 356; 443;
605; Commissioners of Solemn League
and Covenant in, 606; 645 sq.; 648; 550
sqq.; 667 sqq.; 736; the plague in, v 110;
the Great Fire of, 110, 303; loan by,
to Charles II, 111; 222; deprived of
its charter, 229 ; captured by the Tories,
ib.; 232; its charter restored, 245; 247;
Prince Eugene in, 432 ; increase of shipping
in, 439; "the Invisible College" in, 740;
entry of George I into, vi 18 ; John Law
in, 169 ; 253 ; 333 ; "No Popery" riots in,
455; flight of Nonconformists from, vn
12 ; merchants of, and the Pilgrim Fathers,
13 ; press-gang in, 328 ; preliminaries of
peace signed (1801) in, ix 75 ; peace re-
ports from, 102; meeting of French
bishops in, 186; alarm in (1805), 223;
225; Count Starhemberg leaves, 309;
320; stores of bullion in, 372; Turkish
embassy established at, 386; deputies
from the Asturias arrive in, 440; mer-
chants of, 676 ; trial of Warren Hastings
in, 716; Cardinal Consalvi in, x 134,
140 sq.; Spanish revolutionary agents in,
213 ; Francisco Miranda in, 280 ; Spanish
American loans raised in, 307; Queen
Maria II of Portugal in, 322, 326;
Pedro I of Brazil in, 326 ; University of,
charter of incorporation, 668; centre of
European finance, 728, 742 sq.; and
development of agriculture, 730; retail
trade in, 759 ; and wool trade, 760 ; peace
negotiations at, xi 224; 300; Orsini in,
308; Orsini Plot in, 327; reform meet-
ings in, 840; Garibaldi in, 351, 538;,
King Victor Emmanuel in, 373 ; Cavour
in, 374; Mazzini in, 376; Exhibition
(1862) at, 486 ; Workmen's International
Association at, ib.; 696; 625; xii 12;
coal dues abolished, 48; legislation for,
61 ; Karl Marx in, 162 ; Armenian meet-
ings in, 416; 480; conferences of colonial
premiers in, 651 ; municipal expenditure
of, 734; 758; 762; 781
London, Treaty of (1518), i 490, (1520), ii
417, (1674), V 197, (1827), x 195, 199,
(1852), XI 696, (1904), xii 132; Con-
ference of (1814), X 519 sq., 523 sq.,
(1827), 194, (1828), 200 sqq., (1830-1),
483 sq., 538 sqq., (1838), 506, (1852), xi
255; Convention of (1814), 778, (1833),
X 543, (1840), 568 sq., (1884), xii 637,
640; Protocol of (1852), xi 226, 436 sq.,
439 sqq., 477, (1877), xn 387; Mexican
Convention in (1861), xi 565; Schleswig-
Holstein Conference in (1864), 441 sq.;
Canadian Conference in (1866), 771;
Luxemburg Conference in (1867), 483,
667, 674; Black Sea Conference in (1871),
634, 639, xii 28, 382; Declaration of
(1909), 729
Company, The, iv 747, vii 4 sqq. ;
extinguished (1623), 7; 72
Corresponding Society, vi 477
County Council, established, xii 48
Missionary Society, xi 779 ; 783 ; xii
808
General Index.
441
London Museum, and the Letters of Junius,
VI 441
Magazine, xi 362
Review, xi 362
Londonderry, 2nd Marquis of. See Castle-
reagh, Viscount
Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-
Stewart, 6th Marquis of, xii 87
Charles William Stewart (Vane), 3rd
Marquis of, at Conference of Troppau, x
27 sq.; at Conference of Laibach, 29 so.;
at Conference of Verona, 34; 45; 611;
667 sq.
Long Parliament, The, of Charles I, etc.,
Vol. IV, Chaps, viii-xii, xix; of Charles
II, Vol. V, Chap. V passim; Chap, ix
passim
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, vn 745 sq.
Longford, plantation of, iv 513
Castle, captured by O'Donnell (1595),
m 605
Long Island, Duke of York and, v 108
Longjumeau, Peace of, iii 10
Longland, John, Bishop of Lincoln, n
433
Longpr^, Biron at, ni 672 ; Spanish attack
on, repulsed, 673 ; Biron's tactics at, 679
Longstreet, James, Confederate general, vii
611, 513, 540
Longuet, Charles, French political writer,
XI 486
Longueville, ducal House of, v 449
Anne-Genevi6vede Bourbon, Duchesse
de, IV 596; 609 sq.; First Fronde and,
611 sq.; 615; 618; v 89
Henry I d'Orleans, Duke of, m 47-8
Henry II d'Orleans, Duke of, iv 119 ;
121; obtains Picardy, 122; 124; 126; at
Breisach, 377; assumes command of
Bernardines, 383 ; at Miinster, 402 ; 602 ;
First Fronde and, 611 sq.; death of, 618
Louis d'0rl6ans, Duke of, captured
at battle of the Spurs (1513), i 481
Longwood, Napoleon at, ix 757 sqq.
Longwy, fall of, viii 241, 409
L6nyay, Meinhard, Hungarian Minister of
Finance, xii 189 sq.
Loo, Provisional Treaty of (1788), vm 289,
324
Lookout Mountain, and Chattanooga, vn
511 sq.
Loos, Admiral, at Pernambuco, iv 708
Loots, Cornells, Dutch writer, xi 676
Lopatin, Eussian revolutionary, xii 311
Lope (Felix) de Vega (-Carpio), Spanish
dramatist, rv 662
Lopez, Francisco, Dictator of Paraguay,
XII 674
Dr Eoderigo, iii 335
Lopukhin, Eussian police ofl&cial, xii 376
Lopukhina, Eudoxia, Tsaritsa. SeeEndoxia,
Natalia, exiled to Siberia, vi 315
Mile, mistress of Paul I, viii 645,
IX 41
Lord, Percival Barton, at Kunduz, xii 800
"Lords of the Articles," the Scottish,
IV 487 sqq.
Loredano, Antonio, Venetian admiral, de-
fends Skutari (1474), i 80; death of, 87
Venetian admiral, at battle of GaUi-
poli (1416), I 278
Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon, Dutch physicist,
XII 789
Loreto (Loretto), Sanctuary of, in 438;
Bishopric created at, ib.; the Madonna
of, sent to France, vin 581; Pius IX
and, XI 706
Loria, Achille, Italian economist, xn 231
Lorient, vi 247; arsenal at, 349; French
fleet at, ix 212; 238; Allemand sent to,
239
Loriol, Due d'Angoul^me defeats imperial-
ists at (1815), IX 617
Loris-Melikoff, Count Michael, General,
Russian statesman, xn 308 sqq.; resigns,
812; 313 sq.; and peasant reform, 317
sq.; 389
Loriti, Heinrich (Glareanus), ii 308, 314
*'Lorme, M. de" (Abb6 Gaultier), v 430
Lome, Archibald Campbell, Lord. See
Argyll
Lornsen, Uwe Jens, Schleswig official, xi 692
Lorraine, iv 132 ; Montague seized in, 133 ;
French invasion of, 139 sqq.; French
conquests in, 146 sqq., 151, 226, 230,
246; 251; 367 sq., 370; 388; 598; Conde
in, 619; Treaty of the Pyrenees and,
620; a desert, 621; v 33, 47; ceded by
France, 62 sq.; suzerainty of, 164; and
Spanish Succession, 391 ; vi 62 ; the Old
Pretender in, 96, 104; 155 sq.; 158; 162;
167; annexed to France, 203; 238 sqq.;
and France, ix 653 ; loss of, 758 ; xi 49 ;
498; French army in, 581 sqq.; the war
in, 585, 587; ceded by France, 612; xii
91 ; Peace of Frankfort and, 95 ; German
annexation of, 135, 137, 145, 147
Bishoprics (Toul, Metz and Verdun),
occupied by France (1552), n 87
Lorraine, Dukes of: —
Anthony, puts down the peasants of
Alsace, ii 190 sq., 195
Charles II, ni 511, 663, 665
Charles III (IV), iv 137; 139; for-
feits his duchy, 142 sq.; Eichelieu and,
147, 226 ; defeated at Pfaffenhofen, 230 ;
at Nordlingen, 245; 248; 250; attempt
of, to recover his duchy, 367 sq. ; 371 ;
defeated at Sennheim, 377; Leopold
William and, 392 ; and Charles II, 535 ;
and Peace of Westphalia, 405, 603 ; 616
sq.; arrest of, 427, 619; havoc wrought
by, 621; v 43; 350; 354
Charles IV (V) (Charles Leopold), v
45; 341; 348; and the PoUsh Crown,
350, 354 ; marriage of, 354 ; campaign of,
against Turks, 360 ; at siege of Vienna,
361 ; 363 sq.; successes of, against Turks,
366; and the Elector of Bavaria, 367 sq.;
goes to the Ehine, 368 ; 661
442
General Index,
Lorraine, Dukes of {contd.) : —
Francis. See Francis I, Emperor
Leopold Joseph Charles, v 389; 454
Nicolas Francis, Cardinal, escapes
to Florence, iv 143
Een6 II (of Vaud^mont), i 391, 393 ;
II 87
Lorraine, Prince Charles of, vi 234; 237;
in Bavaria, 238; 240; at Dresden, 244;
in Netherlands, 246 sq. ; 257 sq.; at
battle of Prague, 259; 262; 264; in
Silesia, 273 sqq.; 277; 646
Cardinal Charles of, Bishop of Metz
(d. 1599, brother of Henry, Duke of Lor-
raine), III 709
Cardinal of. See Guise, Charles of
(Archbishop of Eheims)
Christina of Denmark, Duchess of,
n 87
Christine of, married to Ferdinand
de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in
42; 396; 413
• John of, Cardinal of Lorraine (d.
1550) (son of Ken6 II), holder of pluralities,
I 659; II 98; 281
Margaret of. See Orleans
Mary of. See Mary of Guise, Queen
of Scotland
Nicole, Duchess of, Ist wife of Duke
Charles III, iv 143
Renee of, in 193
Losada, Crist6bal de, Spanish Reformer, ii
406
Los Castillejos, Marquis of. See Prim,
Juan
Los Gelves, captured and lost by Spain,
m 486
Loshnitza, Tchitchagoff advances to, ix 502
Lostwithiel, capitulation of, iv 323, 331
Los Velez, Fernandes Joaquin Fajardo de
Zuniga y Requesens, 6th Marquis of,
commands Spanish army against Cata-
lans, IV 648; defeat of, 649
Pedro Fajardo, 3rd Marquis of, and
the Moriscos, iii 494
Lothar II, Emperor, v 618
Lothringen. See Lorraine
Lotzer, one of the leaders of German
Peasants' Rising, ii 180
Loubet, Emile, President of the French
Republic, xii 112 ; and the Papacy, 119 ;
121 sq.; at Rome, 242
Loudon, James, Governor- General of the
Dutch East Indies, xi 668
Loudoun, John Campbell, 1st Earl of,
Chancellor of Scotland, marches on
Edinburgh, iv 508
John Campbell, 4th Earl of, vi
115 sqq.; 426; and Louisburg, 342& (in
Vol. xiii), VII 126 sqq., 132
Loudun, Conference of (1616), rv 122
Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, Ist
Baron, and 1st Earl of Eosslyn, vi 425 ;
441; 444; 450; and India Bill, 467 ; 478 ;
VII 157 sq. ; and Whig party, rs 673 sq.
Louis, King of Bavaria. See Ludwig
VI (the Fat), King of France, i 384
IX, King of France (St Louis), i 384 ;
xn 705
XI, King of France, Italy and, 1 107
sq., 301; compared with Matthias Corvi-
nus, 335; 362; Chap, xii 'passim (384-
416) ; Mary of Burgundy and, 417, 437-
42 ; Edward IV and, 463 ; 636 ; Pope Paul
II and, 663; ii 36 ; m 695, 738; v 628
XII, King of France (Duke of Orleans),
claims Milan, i 108; 115; accession of,
118 ; occupies Milan, 119-23, 192 ; attacks
Naples, 123-4, 193; Ferdinand of Spain
expels, 125-7, 195; Genoa attacked by,
129-30; joins League of Cambray, 131;
Venice attacked by, 132-3 ; Swiss and,
134, 136, 248 ; Pope Julius n and, 135-6,
198; 190, 192, 194-5, 197, 236, 306, 315,
336, 344, 363, 384; the Church and, 388,
393 sqq. ; reforms of justice under, 403 ;
finance of, 410 sq. ; army of, 413 ; marries
Mary Tudor, 140, 483 ; death of, 458, 484;
II 9, 281, 308; iii 695
XIII, King of France, iii 547, 577 sq.;
IV 53; 58; 87; and Mansfeld, 88; ac-
cession of, 118 sq.; attains majority, 120;
and Luynes, 124 sqq.; subdues B6am,
127; 129 sq.; and the Huguenots, 128,
132 sqq.; character of, 136 ; and Richelieu,
ih. sqq.; and Gaston, 140 sq.; 144 sq.;
148 sqq. ; 153 ; and Sweden, 247 sq. ;
Charles I and, 258, 262 sq., 266, 272,
284; Bernard of Weimar and, 368 sq.,
380 sq., 382; Preliminary Treaty and,
398; and Peace of Westphaha, 404 sqq.;
608; marriage of, 625; Barcelona and,
649, 653; and Urban VIII, 677; and
Duke of Nevers, 678 ; 697 ; death of, 388,
593, 659, 702; v 376; vi 612
XIV, King of France, iii 695; and
Elsass, IV 406; joins Bheinbund, 432;
accession of, 593 ; 604 ; and the Fronde,
608 sqq., 613; majority of, 615; re-enters
Paris (Oct. 21, 1652), 617; authority of
Mazarin and, 618; marriage plans for,
620, 660; and Mazarin's death, 622; 659;
688; Age of. Vol. v; domestic policy of, ib..
Chap. I passim; foreign policy of (1661-
97), Chap. II; and Pope Alexander VII,
76; the religion of, 77; Court preachers
of, 79 sq. ; and the Jansenists, 84, 89
sq.; and religious uniformity, 85; and
Portugal, 105 sq. ; and Charles II of
England, 106, 109, 201, 209, 223;
detaches Charles II from the Triple
Alliance, 154; subsidises Charles II,
212, 214, 217 sqq., 227, 230 ; aids Dutch
against England, 109, 182; joins England
against Dutch, 112 ; and United Pro-
vinces, 152 sq., 156 sqq., 161, 180; makes
proposals for peace, 162; 165; invades
Spanish Netherlands (1667), 199; Triple
Alliance and, 200 ; and Peace of Aachen,
200, 373; and Treaty of Dover, 203 sq.;
General Index.
443
205; 208; and James n, 211, 217, 231,
235, 243 sqq., 260, 262 sq., 275, 308, 399;
and English expedition of the Prince of
Orange, 244; and Ireland, 307 sq., 314,
316; Romanising policy of, 331; 339;
and Austria, 344, 347; and Emperor
Leopold I, 349, 353; and Hungary, 352
sq.; and Poland, 350, 354 sq,; and Queen
Mary of Poland, 356 ; 359 ; and Turkey,
360; 368; and Treaty of Eyswyk, 370;
and Spain, 200, 374; marriage of, 376
sq. ; and Spanish Succession, 380 sqq.,
401 ; and accession of Philip V of Spain,
394 sqq.; Grand Alliance (1701) and, 398,
404; recognises "James III," 399; and
"William III, t&.; 403; alliance of, with
German Princes, 404; 411; and Con-
vention of Milan, 415; makes overtures
for peace (1706-10), 417, 422 sq., 427;
recognises Protestant Succession in
England, 422 ; appeals to France against
the Allies, 424; and peace negotiations
(1711), 430 ; and Peace of Rastatt, 435 sq.,
452 ; and Peace of Utrecht, 434, 439 ; and
Treaty with Great Britain (April 11th,
1713), 441 sqq.; 444 ; and Princess Orsini,
447 ; and Spanish Netherlands, 447 ; and
Sicily, 448; and Neuchatel, 449; and
principality of Orange, ih. ; and negotia-
tions with the Emperor (1713), 450 sq.;
and Peace of Baden, 455 ; and Griffenfeld,
561; and Sweden, 566, 568, 570 sq.,
577; and Charles XI, 573; 596; and
Elector Frederick William, 648 sq. ; 650
sq. ; 659 ; Leibniz and, 696 ; and Brazil,
675; and settlements in America, 684;
and Indian Company, 702 sq. ; estab-
lishes Academie des Sciences, 741; 743;
Sophia of Hanover and, vi 1 sq.; and the
Old Pretender, 9, 17 ; and Great Britain,
22; 25; and the Jacobites, 91 sq., 97,
111, 120 sq.; and Madame des Ursins,
122; 127 sq.; 132; 138; standing army
of, 216; 229; 239; 329; and the Parle-
ment, 347; 391; 586; Clement XI and,
588 ; and Switzerland, 613 sqq.; 624 ; 640 ;
711 ; 718; death of, 97, 120; and Canada,
VII 81, 87 sq.; viii 5 sq.; last years of, 8,
14; power of, 36; 43 sq.; xn 534
Louis XV, King of France, v 31 ; 91 ; 441 ;
543; VI 25; betrothal of, 39; 63; and
the Jacobites, 109 sq., 112 sq.; accession
of, 120 sq.; 126 sq.; 131 sq.; 134; and
the Infanta, 140; marriage of, 143 sq.;
dismisses Bourbon, 144 ; 146 ; illness of,
148; 152; 158; and the Old Pretender,
159; Francis I and, 160; 161; and Chau-
velin, 162 sq. ; character of, 164; 165;
194; and Stanislaus Leszczynski, 196;
and Austrian Succession, 229; 239; and
Maria Theresa, 243, 325, 400 sq.; and
d'Argenson, 247 ; and Frederick the Great,
250, 266, 299, 702 ; and Seven Years' War,
260 ; 262 ; army of, 269 ; 303 ; 323 ; desires
peace, 327; and death of Fleury, 329;
330 ; and Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 331 ;
334; and Treaty of Versailles, 336; 338
sq.; 340 sqq.; and the Parlements, 347,
359; and Choiseul, 349, 352; 351; and
Austria, 353; 356 sqq.; 360; Charles III
of Spain and, 368 ; 411; 546; 588; and
the clericals, 591; and the Jesuits, 592;
and Switzerland, 613 ; 711 ; and Sweden,
768; death of, 359, 616; and French
colonies, vn 117, 119; viii 19, 22, 44,
59
Louis XVI, King of France, vi 144; marriage
of, 356 ; and Switzerland, 616 ; Joseph H
and, 631 ; and Scheldt dispute, 644 sq.;
704; 782; 784; and United States, vii
317; VIII 48; condition of the peasants
under, 62 sq.; and finance, 66, 75;
Chap. IV passim ; and elections of 1789,
123, 127 sq., 132; and meeting of the
States General, 146 sq., 152; holds a
"royal session," 155 sqq.; and National
Assembly, 165, 179, 183; leaves Versailles
for Paris, 185 ; and the Church, 197 sqq.,
219; arrested at Varennes, 200; and Con-
stitution of 1791, 201, 208, 211, 215 ; and
the emigres, 218 sq.; growing unpopularity
of, 219; and mob in Tuileries (June 20),
229 sq.; leaves Tuileries, 236 sq.; in
Temple, 240; trial of, 254 sqq.; execution
of, 261 sq., VI 477; ix 572; x 732; xii
523
XVII, son of Louis XVI of France,
imprisonment of, viii 378; restoration of,
proposed, 387, 3S9; ill-treatment and
probable death of, 389 sq.
XVIII, King of France (' ' Monsieur "),
VI 783 sq. ; and Congress of Troppau,
vii 368; character of, viii 81, 103; flight
of, to Brussels, 200; accused of high
treason, 221; impolitic attitude of , 390 sq.,
394 sq. ; 495 ; and Brottier's conspiracy,
505; 555; at Mittau, 635; and Bona-
parte, IX 18; 28; established at Mittau
by Paul, 40; 138, 143, 181, 186; proposed
restoration of, 560 ; at Hartwell, 561 ;
return of, 562; Ministry of, 565; and
the Church, 569; suspicions against,
672; 573; and Napoleon, 573-4; flight
of, 575; 594; and Order of St John
of Jerusalem, 604 ; army of, 618 ; policy
of, 619; returns to France, 643 sqq.;
and Congress of Vienna, 617, 646, 653,
662-3; and proposed general Alliance,
X 17; 41; 42; at Ghent, 44; at second
Restoration, 44-5; 46; 50; and the
Doctrinaires, 55; and army reforms, ib.;
56 ; 57 ; and Decazes Ministry, 57 ; and
elections of 1819, 60; 62; dismisses
Decazes, 63; ill-health of, 69; 70; 71;
and reaction, 73; 74; 75; and inter-
vention in Spain, 79 ; dismisses Chateau-
briand, 80 ; 81 ; and compensation for the
emigres, 82; death of (Sept. 15, 1824),
85; 87; 96; 97; 140; negotiations of,
with Papacy, 143 sq.; 207; and Spanish
444
General Index,
aid (1815), 211 ; and Spanish affairs, 222
sq., 225 sqq.; 230; xi 174; 681; and
Sweden, 683
Louis 1 (the Great), King of Hungary, i
264, 342
II, King of Hungary and Bohemia,
I 93, 95 ; drowned after Mohacs, 96 sq. ;
831, 837 sqq., 343; ii 66, 198
King of Portugal. See Luiz
King of Spain. See Luis
Archduke of Austria (1836). See
Ludwig
Duke of Burgundy, grandson of
Louis XIV (Dauphin, 1711-2), v 28;
30 sq.; 88; 421; 434; vi 127
Dauphin of France (son of Louis XIV),
V 30; 391; 434
Dauphin, son of Louis XV, vi 144 ;
148; marriage of, 156, 199; 160; and
the Jesuits, 348; death of, 356
Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, ix 267 ;
272; killed at Saalfeld, 275
Louis-Napoleon, Emperor of France. See
Napoleon III
Louis-Philippe, King of the French (Duke
of Chartres, Duke of Orleans), viii 417;
rx 384 ; plot in favour of, 573 ; x 119 sq. ;
and rebellion in Papal States, 165 ; 167 ;
and Ferdinand VII of Spain, 231 sq.; and
Spanish affairs, 235, 237; 382; attitude
of the Powers towards, 465, 481 sq.; and
Portugal, 324 sq.; and ex -Emperor Dom
Pedro of Brazil, 326; offer of Crown
to, 477 sqq. ; character of, 479 ; checks
Kepublican extremists, 480; relations of,
with England, 482; and Belgium, 483,
506, 539 sq. ; foreign policy of, 484;
and Casimir P^rier, 487 ; and republican
revolt in Paris, 488; and Guizot, 489;
attempted assassination of, 492; and
Third Party, 493; 494; and de Broglie,
and Thiers, 495 sq. ; recalls Guizot to
ofltice, 497; and Count Mole, 497 sq.,
607 sq.; and maintenance of peace, 505;
opposition to foreign policy of, 508 sqq. ;
and Soult Ministry, 511; and Egyptian
Question, 512 sq. ; and Thiers Ministry,
513; and the crisis with Great Britain
(1840), 570; and Spanish marriages, xi
17, 5-53 sqq.; 22; 28 sq.; and Tahiti, 35;
and Thiers and Guizot, 37 ; Thiers and,
40 sq.; 73; 81; 96; dismisses Guizot, 97
sq.; and Thiers, 98 sq.; and Kevolution
of 1848, 100 sqq.; abdicates, 101; and
Switzerland, 249; 288; 556; 671; 793;
XII 410
Louis-Dominique, Baron, finance of,
IX 566-7; x 20; 44; appointed Minister
of Finance, 57 ; 61 ; resigns, 62 ; and the
Kevolution of 1830, 478
Louisa, Louise: —
(of Great Britain), Queen of Den-
mark, consort of Frederick V, vi 739
(of Hesse-Cassel), Queen of Denmark,
consort of Christian IX, xi 695 sq.
Louisa, Louise {contd.)-, —
(of Sweden), Queen of Denmark,
consort of Frederick VIII, xn 290
(of Hesse-Darmstadt), Queen of
Prussia, consort of Frederick William II,
VI 726
(of Mecklenburg- Strelitz), Queen of
Prussia, consortof Frederick William IH,
vm 634; influence of, ix 267; 278; re-
treat of, 280; meets Napoleon, 292;
Alexander I and, 308; return of, to
Berlin, 334; influence of, 336; 581; death
of, 836; X 850; xi 151
of Savoy. See Angoul^me, Duchess
of
Dorothea, Prussian Princess, vi 7
Elisabeth, Queen of Spain, consort
of Luis, VI 39; 126; 137; 140
Elisabeth, Duchess of Parma. See
Parma
Juliana, Electress Palatine. See
Palatine
Marie, Queen of the Belgians, con-
sort of Leopold I, XI 671
Ulrica, Queen of Sweden, consort of
Adolphus Frederick, vi 668 ; 671 sq.
Lonisburg, fort of, built, vii 95, 113 ;
capture of (1745), 114 sqq. ; restored to
France, 121; Loudoun and, 128 sq.; the
English attacks of 1757-8 upon, vi 342a
sq. (in Vol. xiii) ; capitulates (1758), t&.,
415, VII 132 sqq.
Louisiana, and French colonisation, v 13;
John Law and, vi 172 sq. ; 183; 352;
troubles in, 373 ; 410 sqq. ; 429 ; Missis-
sippi Company and, 532; foundation of,
vii 70, 114; Crozat in, 88, 92; develop-
ment of, 92 sq. ; ceded to Spain (1763),
VI 347, 370, 422, vii 93, to France (1800),
ih., 324 sq., to United States (1803), 93,
143, 326; enters Union (1812), 359, 413;
slavery in, 361 sq., 386, 590; upholds
Tariff, 381; secedes from Union (1860),
446; joins Confederacy, 453, 603; and
Vicksburg, 502; emancipation in, 595,
698 ; contraband trade in, 620 ; new
government set up in, 625 ; Kepublicans
in (1876), 642; sale of, to United States,
IX 26, 244, 741 ; French colonial expedition
to, 80; purchased from Spain, 419 ; United
States and, xii 684
Louisville, trade of, vii 360; Confederate
headquarters at, 463; Federals occupy
(1862), 507
Louie, Terceira at, x 333
Marquis of, Portuguese statesman,
X 327; 330; xi 571; 574 sq.
Lourdes, miracles of, xi 714, xii 114
Loures, Duke of Cadaval at, x 334
Loustallot Elys^e, Revolutions de Paris^
VIII 168
Louth, English in, m 580; invasion of,
605; election, x 644
Louvain, foundation of University of, r
419, 436, 622; Confession of, enforced by
General Index,
445
Charles V, ii 80; College at, in 593;
opposes William of Orange, 232 ; Univer-
sity of, IV 789 ; Jansenism at, v 82, x 157 ;
siege of, vi 246 ; 248 ; seminary of, 637,
649 sq. ; vm 318, 320, 327 ; University of,
transferred to Brussels, 318; Dumouriez
at (1793), 420 ; doctors of, and Erastian-
ism, IX 415; Collegium Philosophicum
at, X 526; French advance on (1831), 542
Louvel, Louis-Pierre, assassinates the Duo
de Berry, x 23 ; 63 ; 67
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, negro ruler of San
Domingo, vi 185 ; vra 484 ; ix 420 sq.,
750; death of, 422
Louvet de Couvray, Jean-Baptiste, vm 249 ;
accuses Robespierre, 253 ; 384, 386
Louville, Charles-August d'Allonville, Mar-
quis de, French envoy in Spain, vi 123
Louvois, Francois-Michel le Tellier, Mar-
quis de, V 1; 5; 7; rivabry of, with
Colbert, 16 sq. ; character of, 17, 19;
army administration of, 18 sq. ; 20; and
persecution of the Protestants, 24 ; death
of, 28; 39; 43 sq.; and devastation of
Palatinate, 66 sq. ; 59 ; 405
Louvre, Meeting of Estates of France at
(1593), in 517
Lovat, Simon Eraser, 12th Lord Lovat, vi
100 sq. ; 109; 117
Lovedale, Free Church educational mission,
Sir George Grey and, xi 786
Lovejoy's Station, Confederates at, vn 522
sq., 526
Level, Francis, Viscount, flight of, to
Flanders, i 465
Sir Thomas, n 417
Lovelace, Francis, Governor of New York,
VII 41 sq.
Lovicz, Princess. See Grudzinska, Joanna
Low Countries, The. See Netherlands,
Holland, Belgium, etc.
Lowe, Sir Hudson, forced to surrender
Capri, IX 382 ; at St Helena, 760
Eobert. See Sherbrooke, Viscount
Lowell, James Russell, vn 745 sq.
Lower, Richard, physician, v 727 sq. ; 733
sq.
Lower Saxon Circle, and War of 1623-9,
IV 85-109; 567
Lowestoft, battle of (1665). See Southwold
Bay
Lowestoft, The, reaches Quebec (1759), vn
142
Lowicz, Conference at, in 84 ; principality
of, granted to Davout, ix 339 ; school at,
X 449 ; Paskevich at, 472
Lowther, James, Irish Secretary, xn 76
Loyalty Islands, slave trade in, xii 666
Loyola, St Ignatius (Inigo Lopez de Re-
calde), I 651; the Spiritual Exercises,
625; n 401; supports Roman Inquisi-
tion, 650 ; early life of, 651 sq. ; Caraffa
and, 652 sq. ; rule of Order of Jesuits
by, 654-9; the Spiritual Exercises of,
657 sq.; m 425, 585; iv 777
L'Oyseleur, Pierre, Seigneur de Villiers. m
253
Lualaba, river, discovered by Livingstone,
xn 809; 810; 812
Lubecki, Prince Ksavery (Frantisek), Polish
Minister of Finance, x 454 sq. ; and Tsar
Nicholas I's proposed French campaign,
465 ; and Polish revolution, 466 sq., 469 ;
XI 658
Lubienski, Archbishop, Primate of Poland,
VI 354
Lubina, fight at (1812), ix 493
Lublin, Union of, in 83-4, v 480, vi 671 ;
occupied by Poniatovski (1809), ix 354;
Polish province, x 449, 461 ; disorder in,
XII 354
Lubomirski, Stanislas Heraclius, Polish
commander-in-chief, v 350
Lucan, George Charles Bingham, 3rd Earl
of, XI 330
Richard Bingham, 2nd Earl, sur-
prised by Holkar, ix 727
Lucas, Sir Charles, and Royalist rising in
Essex, IV 349; death of, 351
Charles, Irish patriot, vi 492; 494
Frederick, editor of The Tablet, xir
69
William, in Africa, xn 806
Lucca, entry of Charles VIII into, i 113;
the Reformation in, n 391 sq. ; Vermigli
in, ib.; republic of, in 385; Reformers
at, 389; trade of, 392; Habsburg influ-
ence over, 689; vin 778; granted to
Elise Bonaparte, ix 247; creation of
duchies in, 268; Elise Bonaparte and,
398-9; assigned to Tuscany, 602-3; as-
signed to Infanta Marie Louise, 661 ; xi
69 sq. ; national movement in, 75 ; and
union with Piedmont, 84; 88
Don Carlos, Prince of, x 301
Lucchesini, J^rdme, Marquis de, Prussian
Minister, vm 293, 412, 425, 441; am-
bassador in Paris, ix 73 ; 249, 251, 271-2;
interviews Duroc, 278; joined by Zastrow,
281
Lucena, Count of. See O'Donell, Jos6
Enrique
Lucerne. See Luzern
Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, Grand Inquisitor,
rebellion of Cordova against, i 360
Luch Ali, Calabrian renegade, in 497
Luchaire, Achille, French medievalist, xn
834; 850
Luckau, Billow at ix 620
Luckner, Count Nikolaus, French marshal,
vin 222 ; executed (1794), 357 ; commands
Army of the Rhine (1791), 405, 407;
recalled, 409
Lucknow, VI 553; 572; Henry Wellesley
sent to (1801), ix 724; mutiny at, xi 746;
relief of, 748; 749
Lu9on, Vendean defeat at, vni 353
Luddite riots, x 576
Luden, Heinrich, x 364 sq. ; History of
the German people, xn 824
0. M. e.
446
General Index,
Luder, Peter, German humanist, at Erfurt,
n 111
Ludewig, Johan Peter von, anti-papal
Manifesto of, v 666
Ludiana, attack on, xi 739
Ludlow, Edmund, Cromwell and, iv 347,
443, 448 ; leader of Kepublicans, 449 sq. ;
in Ireland, 535 ; 538 ; 645 ; Committee of
Safety and, 546; 547 sq.; 650; 556 sq. ;
657; at Amsterdam, v 110
Ludoviea (of Modena), Empress of Austria,
3rd consort of Francis I, ix 580
Ludovico il Moro. See Milan, Dukes of
Ludovisi, Luigi (nephew of Gregory XV),
Cardinal Archbishop of Bologna, and the
Valtelline, iv 57, 674; and Catholic Be-
action, 672 sq.
Ludwig I, King of Bavaria, as Crown
Prince opposes Montgelas' constitutional
scheme, x 146, 359; 204; opposes Met-
ternich, 368; accession of, 371; en-
lightened measures of, 371 sq. ; and
Ultramontanes, xi 61 sq. ; abdication of,
146 ; and Greece, 278
II, King of Bavaria, xi 397 ; 465 sq.
Archduke of Austria, x 378 ; xi 44 ;
152 sqq. ; retirement of, 171
Ludwig, Otto, German dramatist, xi 415
sqq.; novels of, 419; 420
Liibeck, size and importance of, i 299 ;
struggle of, for commercial supremacy
in Baltic, 456; Schmalkaldic League
joined by, ii 216; municipal revolution
in, 228, 231 ; rivalry between Dutch and,
228; war between Scandinavian North
and, 229 sq. ; declaration of war against
Christian II by, 607, 622; commercial
decay of, iv 8, 420; Denmark and, 89,
91, 98 sq., 163, 561; and Spanish trade,
105; 107; Peace of (1629), 109, 192;
and Sweden, 158; meeting of Hanse
Towns at, 108, 195; congress held at
(1651-2), 578; v 579; and German
Order of Knights, 680 ; taken by Danish
troops (1801), IX 48; 94; captured by
French (1806), 280; Scharnhorst at, 332;
367; annexed to France (1810), 374;
government of, 409; Jews of, 588; free
city of, X 341; the revolutionary move-
ment in, XI 151
Liiber or Lieber, Thomas (Erastus). See
Erastus
Liideritz, Bremen trader in Africa, xii 160
Liiders, Alexandre Nicolaievich von, Eus-
sian general, xi 206; 211; 659
Liidinghausen, Baron Friedrich von. See
Wolff, Father
Liineburg, Estates of Lower Saxon Circle
at, IV 86 ; 91 sq. ; 98 ; convents restored
in, 112; defeat of Morand at (1813), ix
515
Dukes of. See Brunswick-Liineburg
Liitkeman, Archdeacon, at Stockholm, vi
772
Liitzen, battle of (1632), iv 221, 223, 231 sq.
Liitzow, "Free Corps" of, ix 510
Count Budolf von, Austrian Minister
in Kome, xi 71 ; 77
Count von, Imperial Councillor, at
Hamburg, iv 397 sq.
Lugard, Sir Frederick, xn 811
Lugnetz, Catholic commune of, iv 36, 47,
51
Lugo, Soult and Ney concentrate at, ix 461
Lugos, XI 211; fight at, 213
Luis, King of Spain (Don Luis), vi 126;
135 ; accession of, 137 ; death of, ih. ; 138 ;
139; 146
Luitpold, Prince (of Bavaria), xi 146
Luiz I, King of Portugal, xi 634; 570 sq.;
accession of, 574 ; xn 270 sq.
Lujan, Don Francisco de, iii 296
Lukasinski, Valezy, Polish officer, x 453 sq. ;
458; 470
Luk'ou, British officers assaulted at, xii 518
Lulea, railway from, xii 279
Lumbres, Gillain de Fiennes, Seigneur de,
III 229
Lumley, John, 1st Baron (2nd or.), iii 281
Richard, Earl of Scarborough. See
Scarborough
Luna, Alvaro da, Spanish statesman, i 354
Juan de, rising in Siena against, ii
83
Don Sancho de, in 420 sq.
Count di, Spanish ambassador to
Council of Trent, ii 683; iii 168
Lund, dispute concerning Archbishopric of,
II 610 sq.; 616; battle of (1676), v 44,
570; Peace of (1679), 579; Gortz at,
VI 28; University of, xn 273
Lund, Archbishops of: —
Aage Sparre, ii 610
Diederik Slaghoek, and Stockholm
Blodbad, n 603; 604; death of, 607; 610
Gunnar Berger, ii 603, 605, 610
Jorgen Skodborg, ii 610
Lunden. See Lund
Lundi Kotal, British troops in, xii 489
Lundy, Eobert, Governor of Derry, v 308 sq.
Lundy's Lane, battle of (1814), vii 343
Lun^ville, cavalry school at, viii 446 ; Treaty
of (1801), IX 18, 66, 69-71; and Austria,
74, 79 ; and Germany, 81, 92 ; and Switz-
erland, 98, 100; 245; and Bavaria, 253;
rising at, x 492
Lungchow, opened to foreign trade, xn 506
Lunge, Vincent, Norwegian commander, n
618 sqq.
Lunsford, Sir Thomas, Lieutenant of the
Tower, iv 297
Lupetino Baldo, Italian Reformer, n 383
Lupf en. Countess von, Peasants' Rising and,
nl77
Lupset, Thomas, on agrarian reform, n 490
Lusatia, joined with Hungary (1477), i 331;
and Ferdinand, iv 22 sqq. ; 28 ; 32 ;
Saxony and, 34, 75 ; Saxons in, 204, 209 ;
Wallenstein in, 237 ; and Peace of Prague,
252 sq. ; and Brandenburg, v 620 ; vi
General Index,
447
256 sq. ; 262 ; Duke of Bevern in, 264
Austrian forces in, 265 ; 266 sqq. ; 282
291 sq. ; Maria Theresa and, 244 ; 327
Frederick the Great and, 704; 705 sq.
Catharine II and, 707
Luserna, Count of, lu 403
Lusignan, captured by Montpensier, in 25 ;
opposition to Napoleon III at, xi 473
Luther, Hans, father of Martin, ii 109 sq.,
116
Martin, and Indulgences, 1 322 ; 340 ;
influence of, in Hungary, 340; Wessel
and, 437; 638; Deutsche Theologie, 641;
652; translation of New Testament by,
684; II 8, 19, 21; Chap, iv passim;
expresses popular feeling, 147 sq.; 152
sqq. ; activity of, 162 sq. , 174 ; attitude
of, towards Peasants' Kevolt, 192 sqq.,
233 ; comparison between Machiavelli
and, 194 ; 206 ; at Conference of Marburg,
207 sq., 213, 215, 217, 223 ; BuUinger
and, 234; Philip of Hesse and, 241 ; 243;
250 ; death of, 252 ; statue of, at Worms,
208, 309 sqq., 339, 613 ; as a Eeformer,
343 sq.; compared with Zwingli, 208 sq.,
313 sqq., 345 sq. ; with Erasmus, 700;
philosophical ideas of, 713 sqq. ; writings
of, 136, 201; Babylonish Captivity, 148,
158; Karsthans, 159; Neukarsthans, ib. ;
translation of Bible by, 164 ; the hymns
of, 201, 690; Catechism, 201; m 106,
422 ; revolutionary theories of, 736, 738
sqq., 750; Church theory of, 753, 757,
759, 764 sq.; iv 5; v 635; vi 254;
274
Lutheranism, from the time of Luther
himself, Vol. n, Chaps, iv, v, vi, vii
and VIII passim] in the Netherlands,
under Charles V, 103; in France, 286 sq.;
Zwingli and, 319 ; criticism of, 343 sq. ;
in Italy, 380 sqq.; in England, and
Elizabeth, 588 sq.; in Denmark, 611 sqq.;
in Norway, 618 sqq. ; in Sweden, 624 sqq.,
633 ; in Poland, 635 sqq. ; as a system
of thought, 713 sqq.; and Sigismund I,
in Poland, in 74 sqq. ; and the Religious
Peace of Augsburg (1555), 140 sqq. ; in
Transylvania and Hungary proper, 147;
position of, in Austrian Church, Empire,
etc. under Ferdinand I and Maximilian
II, see Chap, v passim ; under Eudolf II,
703 sqq. ; political side of. Chap, xxii,
Political Thought in the 16th century,
736-69 passim; in Empire, iv 3 sqq.;
82 sqq. ; in Sweden, and Upsala Reso-
lution, 170 sqq.; and Peace of Westphalia,
411 sqq. [See also the Lutheran Princes
in the Thirty Years' War and Toleration]
Lutomirski, Stanislas, Canon of Konin, in
74,81
Lutsk, TormassoS at, ix 490
Lutter, battle of (1626), iv 97 sqq., 110
Luttemberg, battle of,- vi 426
Luttrell, Colonel, and John Wilkes, vi 440
Lutzingen, and battle of Blenheim, v 410
Lux, Adam, deputy to the Convention,
VIII 775
Luxemburg, acquired by Philip the Good
of Burgundy, i 421 ; invaded by French
(1542), n 76 sqq., (1552), 87; the
Allies in, in 628, 666; leave granted
for French army to pass through, 690;
rv 369; and Treaty of the Pyrenees,
620; Louis XIV and, v 36, 47, 62, 165;
town of, besieged (1681), 48 sq., 230, 364 ;
restored to Spain, 63; 389; 447; 450;
seminary at, vi 637; 641; 647; Austrian
retreat to, 652 ; defences of, viii 281 ;
Austrian troops in (1790), 329, 335; be-
sieged (1794), 437, 442; ceded to France
(1801), IX 69; devotion to Austria in,
415; the duchy and Federal Act, 650,
659; assigned to King of Netherlands
(1815), 655; and Netherlands, x 343,
354; and Germanic Confederation, 344;
369; Belgium and, 483, 505 sq., 540 sqq.;
assigned to King of Holland, 524, 539;
and Zollverein, xi 53; neutralisation of,
462; France and, 483 ; 580; 667; Belgium
and, 669 ; 674 sq. ; Germany and, xii 95
Alliance, The (1682), v 35
Charles, Duke of. See Charles V,
Emperor
Charles Emmanuel Sigismond, Due
de, viii 158
Elizabeth of Gorlitz, Duchess of,
I 421
Francois-Henri de Montmorency,
Duke of. Marshal of France, v 45; at
Fleurus, 59, 261; 60; death of, 62; 160;
Dutch campaign of (1672), 164 sq.; 256;
262; 340; 405
Francois Louis, Duke of, envoy to
Rome (1589), in 443, 453
John of, and Margravate of Branden-
burg, V 621
Wenceslas of, i 421
Luynes, Charles, Marquis d'Albert, Duke
of. Constable of France, iv 124 sq. ; and
Richelieu, 126; 145; death of, 127, 640
Charles-Philippe d'Albert, Duke of
(d. 1758), VI 165
Marie de Rohan, Duchess of. See
Chevreuse
Luzac, Dutch Liberal, xi 663
Luzan y Guerra, Ignacio de, Spanish writer,
V 69
Luzern, Diet at (1521), n 315, (1524), 324;
Treaty of (1560), in 405; iv 51; Diet
at (1621), 54; and Biindners, 56; and
Neuch^tel, v 449; canton of, vi 613;
625 ; restores its old Constitution, ix 600 ;
and Congress of Vienna, 601; negotia-
tions for a bishopric of, x 149; xi 234;
government of, 235; 237; reaction in,
238; 240; joins Siebnerkonkordat, 242;
244 sq. ; and Articles of Baden, 246 ; and
Aargau monasteries, 247; anti- Jesuit
risings in, ib.; 251
Luzh, Russian geodesist, y 535
28—2
448
General Index.
Luzhenovsky, Eussian official, xn 363
Luzon (Philippines), and United States,
VII 684; American troops in, xii 530;
631
Luzzara, battle of (1702), v 406
Luzzatti, Luigi, Italian statesman, xn 217 ;
225 ; 227 sq. ; debt conversion scheme of,
234
Lybecker, Georg, Swedish general, v 697;
609
Lycia, researches in, xii 846
Lydenburg, district of, xi 785
Lyell, Sir Charles, geologist, xii 730; 771
sqq.
Lyesna, battle of (1708), v 698 sq.
Lyly, John, iii 344, 370-1, 373; Spanish
influence upon, 548
Lyme Eegis, Monmouth lands at, v 232
Lynar, Count zu, Saxon statesman, vi
730
Lynch, Comte Jean-Baptiste, Mayor of
Bordeaux, ix 617
Lynchburg, Federal advance on, vn 630 sq. ;
537; Lee's retreat to, 539 sq.
Lynden van Sandenburg, Count Constantius
Theodorus van, Dutch statesman, xn 244
sq.
Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, 1st
Baron, Lord, Chancellor, x 615; 655;
667; and municipal reform, 671; xi 2
Lynedoch, General Thomas Graham, 1st
Baron, British commissioner at Austrian
headquarters, viii 672 ; at Cadiz, ix 463 ;
sent to Tarifa, 464; in command of a
corps, 476; with Wellington, 477
Lynn Canal, and Klondyke, xn 617
Lyon, George, African traveller, xn 807
Nathaniel, Federal captain, vn 458
sq. ; killed at Wilson's Creek, 460
Lyons, silk trade at, encouraged by Louis XI,
I 414 ; financial centre at, ii 64 sq. ; spread
of Lutheranism in, 291 ; in hands of the
Huguenots, in 3; visited by Charles IX
and his mother, 7; Peace of (1601),
397, 419 sq., 683; Henry III and Navarre
at (1574), 25; trade at, 392; Henry IV
proclaimed at, 417 ; the League at, 661 sq.,
665 sq.; entry of Henry IV into, 668 sq.;
population of, vm 60; disaffection in
(1793), 268, 270, 339 sq. ; open war in,
345 sq., 431 ; fall of, 351 ; massacre at
(1795), 387 ; inhabitants of, declared emi-
gres, 502; Commission meets at (1802),
IX 85; Napoleon at (1815), 574; federes
of, 619; disturbances at (1816), x 50,
(1817), 54; popularity of La Fayette at,
97; revolts at (1831), 487, (1834), 491
sq. ; silk industry of, 754, xi 259;
31; Louis-Napoleon at, 134; 243; 290;
Gambetta at, 498; Commune at, 603;
601; 608 sq.; xii 96; President Carnot
assassinated at, 112, 126; 124; Socialist
Congress at, 127; 236
Pierre d'Espinao, Archbishop of, in
45 sq., 62, 452
Lyra, Nicholas de, Hebrew scholar, i 591 ;
n 111, 694
Lyttelton, Sir Edward, iv 283
George Lyttelton, Lord, vi 71;
434
Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton
Bulwer-Lytton, Ist Baron, x 665; 724;
Colonial Secretary, xi 330; dramas of,
352; novels of, 368
Edward Eobert Bulwer, 1st Earl of,
and Afghan War, xn 34; 36; Viceroy of
India, 460 ; and Afghanistan, 466 sqq. ;
administration of, 472 sqq. ; 476 ; 478 ;
and Indian Civil Service, 480; 482; and
Punjab, 490
Lyveden, Lord. See Smith, Bobert Vernon
Ma, Chinese general, xn 611
Maager, Transylvanian politician, xn 177
Maanen, Cornells Felix van, Dutch Minister
of Justice, X 531 ; 533 sq. ; dismissal of,
635
Maasdam, Van der Duyn van, Dutch
politician, x 617
Maassen, Friedrich, German canonist, xn
848
Karl Georg, and Prussian financial
reform, x 354 sq. ; and tariff reform, 372
sq. ; Minister of Finance, 378
Mabillon, Jean, French Benedictine, v 79 ;
xn 816
Mdbinogion, Lady Charlotte Guest's transla-
tion of, XI 352
Mably, Abbe Gabriel Bonnot de, vm 1,
26, 33 sq.
Macadam, John Loudon, x 738
Macao, Portuguese and, rv 733, 744 ; expe-
dition to (1809), IX 731 ; slavery abolished
at, XI 575; 804; death of Napier at, 805;
806; 810; 819; Portuguese occupation
of, XII 506 sq. ; 554 sq.
Macarthur, Captain John, and Australian
wool, IX 738; xi 791
Macartney, George Macartney, 1st Earl,
Governor of Madras, vi 577; ix 710;
embassy of, to China, 718; Governor of
Cape Colony, 749 ; mission to China, xn
796
Macassar, Dutch and, iv 711; v 146
Macaulay (Catharine Sawbridge), Mrs, vni
755, 758
Thomas Babington, Lord Macaulay,
VI 802 ; 818 ; ix 264 ; x 601 sq. ; and
parliamentary reform, 609, 614, 618;
655 ; enters Melbourne Ministry, 678 ; xi
361 sqq.; 751; xn 837
Zachary, and the slave trade, vi 472,
X 584; 658
MacCarthies, The, of Munster, m 581
McCarthy, J., explores the Menam, xn 797
MacCarthy Mor, ra 607
McCausland, John, Confederaie officer, vn
532
McClellan, George Brinton, General-in-
Chief of the U.S. army, vn 456 sq., 463;
General Index,
449
takes command, 467 sqq.; in Virginia
(1862), 472 sqq.; and the Seven Days'
Battles, 477 sqq. ; in Washington, 481,
493 ; at Antietam, 481 sq. ; relieved of
his command, 483; 579; candidate for
Presidency, 693, 600 sq.
Macclesfield, Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of,
VI 8
McClure, George, American general, vn
341
McCormick, Cyrus Hall, inventor of the
reaper, vn 415, 695
Eichard, and United Irishmen, x
629
McGulloch, Benjamin, Confederate general,
vn 460
Hugh, American Secretary of the
Treasury, vn 631
John Eamsay, economist, x 598 ; on
Irish absenteeism, 776; 784; xn 745; 759
Macdonald, ^neas, Jacobite, vi 111
Alexander, of Glencoe, v 294
Sir Claude Maxwell, and Wei-Hai-
Wei, xn 514; 520
^ir Donald, of Sleat, vi 100
lEtienne - J. - J. - Alexandre, Due de
Tarente, vni 435, 446, 654; and War of
1799, 656 sq. ; and Brumaire, 679 sq. ;
IX 60; 68; receives Taranto, 111; 353;
supersedes Augereau, 457; cooperates
with Suchet, 464 ; departs for Figueras,
465; in Catalonia, 469-70; and Eussian
campaign, 485; 505; relations of, with
York, 510 ; at Danzig, 511 ; 520 ; abandons
line of Katzbach, 524 ; crosses the Bober,
525 ; at Leipzig, 535 sqq.; guards French
frontier, 543; 547; envoy to Alexander,
558; on Council of War, 565; adheres
to Bourbons, 621; x 66
Sir John, Jacobite, vi 111
Sir John Alexander, Premier of
Canada, xi 769 sqq. ; 775 ; xn 605 sqq. ;
614 sq.
of Clanranald, vi 105 ; 111 sq.
of Glencoe, vi 111 sq.
of Keppoch, VI 101 sq. ; 111 sq.
Macdonell of Glengarry, vi 111 sq.
Macdonnel, Scottish general, in Portugal,
X 335
Macdonnell, Antony Patrick Macdonnell,
Lord, xn 90
McDonnell, Aeneas, x 641
MacDonnell, Alaster, with Montrose, rv 527
James, in 591
Sorley Boy (brother to James), m
591 sq.
MacDonnells of the Isles, The, in 591
M<=Dougall, William, Canadian politician,
XI 769; 775
McDowell, Irvin, at Bull Eun, vn 465 sq. ;
469; 473; ordered to join McClellan,
475, 477
Macedonia, insurrection in, x 180 ; xn 10 ;
Austrian trade in, 211; Turkish misrule
in, 342; 381; 391; 393; Treaty of
Berlin and, 896; 398 sq. ; Bulgarian
propaganda in, 410; 411; Kutzo-Vlach
movement in, 415 ; 421 ; affairs in (1878-
1908), 424 sqq.; 428; the Powers and,
728
Macerata, duchy of, incorporated in Italian
kingdom, ix 400
Macfarland, E. J., secretary to Confederate
States envoy, xn 18
MacGahan, Januarius, visits Khiva, xn 801
M<=Gee, Thomas D'Arcy, Canadian politi-
cian, XI 770; 775,
MacGibbon, Maurice, titular Archbishop of
Cashel, in 595
M^Gill University, xi 778
Macgregor {or Drummond), William, of
Balhaldie, Jacobite, vi 109 sq.
Machabaeus (John Macalpine), Scottish
divine, n 555
Machault d'Arnouville, Jean-Baptiste de,
French statesman, vi332; 334 sq.; 348;
vni 25
Machiavelli, Niccold, i 87, 170, Chap, vi
passtw; Cesare Borgia and, 237, 240,
242; eulogies of German cities by, 298
sq.; views of, on trade, 616; 624, 649;
n 5; IZ Principe, 34 sq., 118, m 464-6;
Bacon and, 377; 390 sq.; 456; 742; 762;
766-7; VI 790; 793; 798; 820
Secretary of Margaret, Duchess of
Parma, m 217
Maciejowice, battle of (1794), vm 546
Mack von Leiberich, Baron Charles, Ger-
man general, vin 421, 429 ; Chief of Staff
to Coburg, 435 ; at Naples, 650 sqq. ; ix
248 ; conference of, with Tsar Alexander
I's envoy, 250; advice of, to the Emperor,
253 ; capitulates at Ulm, 254-5
Mackay, Baron Aeneas, Dutch statesman,
xn 245
Hugh, General, v 246; at Killie-
crankie, 293
McKenna, Theobald, Irish Catholic writer,
vm 772
Mackenzie, district of, xi 776
river, exploration on, xn 814
Sir Alexander, explorer, vn 365; ix
748; xn 814
Alexander, Canadian politician, xn
605
Sir George, Jus Regium, vi 800
James Stewart, vi 424; 430
John, missionary, in South Africa,
xn 638
Sir Morell, and Emperor Frederick
m, xn 163
William Lyon, organises rebellion
in Canada, x 692 sq.
British diplomatic agent at Tilsit,
IX 297-8
Mackinaw, on Lake Huron, captured by
the British (1812), vn 337, 343
McKinley, William, vn 664; President of
United States, 673 ; and Cuba, 675 sqq. ;
and Philippines, 684 sq. ; 722
450
General Index,
McKinley Tariff, The, vn 664, 669
Mackinnon, Laird of, vi 105
Mackintosh, Sir James, Vindiciae Gallicae,
VI 477, VIII 758; 762, 774; x 580; 584
sq. ; 601 ; xii 837
William, of Borlum, vi 98 sq. ; 101;
103
Maclaurin, Colin, mathematician, v 718
MacLean, Sir Donald, New Zealand states-
man, XI 799
Maclean, Sir Hector, of Duart, vi 111
McLeod, Alexander, and burning of the
Caroline, vii 390
Maclure, Sir Kobert, makes the North-West
passage, xn 814
MacMahon, Ever, Bishop of Clogher, iv
534
Macmahon, Marie-E.-P.-M., Comte de, Due
de Magenta, Marshal of France, xi 496 ;
582sq.; at Worth, 584 sq.; 586 sq.; forms
army of Chalons, 595 ; marches to Meuse,
596 sq. ; at Sedan, 597 sq. ; 599 sqq. ;
XII 97; succeeds Thiers, 107; 109; 111;
resigns, 112 ; 115 sq. ; and Carlists, 261 ;
and Delagoa Bay dispute, 270, 635
MacMahons, of Monaghan, The, rn 588
Macnaghten, Edward Macnaghten, Lord,
XII 722
Sir William Hay, xi 731 ; 733
Lady, xi 733
MacNeven, William James, and United
Irishmen, ix 700 sqq. ; x 629
Macon, retaken by Koyalists, in 8; ban-
quet to Lamartine at, xi 40
Magon, Jean le. Huguenot pastor. See Le
Eiviere
Macpherson, David, Annals of Commerce,
X 783
James, Ossian, vi 830 sqq., xi 352;
X 698; 710
John, in India, ix 709 sqq.
McPherson, James Birdseye, American
general, vn 503, 520
Macquarie river, exploration of, xi 792
Macquarie, Laghlan, major-general. Go-
vernor of New South Wales, ix 739; xi
789
Macquart, Franpois, French general, vni
443
McQueen, James, geographer, xii 807
McEae, C. J., Confederate foreign agent,
vii 611
Macrae, James, Governor of Madras, vi 532
MacWilliam, Earl of Clanricarde. See
Clanricarde, Earl of
Madach, Imre, Hungarian dramatist, xi
430
Madagascar, Dutch adventurers at, m 632 ;
French in, v 13, 702 sq.; European
pirates at, vi 531 ; 535 ; French colonial
expedition to, ix 80 ; xi 778 ; France and,
xn 3, 47 ; 456 ; Eussian fleet at, 598 ; an-
nexed by France, 130 sq.
Madalinski, Antoine, Polish general, vm
542
Maddalena, French repulse at (1793), vni
456
Bay, Nelson's base on, ix 216, 219
Madden, Sir Frederic, historian, xn 835
Madeira, Portuguese general, x 315
Madeira Islands colonised by Spain, i 40,
49; Breton trade with, 414; handed over
to Britain, ix 236
Madeleine of France and Navarre, sister
of Louis XI, I 366
(of France), Queen of Scotland, con-
sort of James V, n 455
Madier de Montjau, Noel-Franpois-Alfred,
French politician, xi 124; 136
Madison, James, President of United States,
at Constitutional Convention, Vol. vn.
Chap, vni passim; and Federal Repub-
licans, 316 ; President, 331 sqq., 360 ; 369 ;
407 ; and Virginia Eesolution (1798), 410 ;
X 281 ; xn 696
Madox, Thomas, English historian, xn 816
Madoz, Pascual, Spanish politician, xi 651
Madras, V 698 sq. ; 704; vi 248; evacuated
by French, 249; 427; 445; 529; growth
of, 532; 534 sq.; captured by French,
536; restored to England, 538; 539;
French attack on, 547 sq.; 552 sq.;
Haidar Ali at, 567; misrule in, 576;
577; 582; Lord Macartney at, ix 710;
Lord Mornington and, 722; reform in,
728, 732; Pindaris in, xi 725; High
Court of, 751; military system of, 752
sq. ; frontier of, xn 485 ; 496 sq.
Madrid, Philip's return to (1586), m 514;
Perez in, 515 ; disorders in, 518 ; English
enterprise discussed in, 533; transfer of
capital from, to Valladolid, 537; Prince
Charles' visit to, 575-6, iv 641 sq., 673;
222 ; condition of, 630 ; protest of Venice
at, 632, 633; death of Philip III at,
634; 636; 638; poverty in, 644; 650;
651 sqq. ; 658; 661 sq. ; social condition
of, 663; art in, 664; death of Philip IV
at, 665; Clement VIII and Court of,
666, 668; 670; 678; Cabinet of, and
Urban VIII, 681; v 376; occupied by
the Allies, 416, 428 ; the Old Pretender
at, VI 105; 141; 145; decay of, 166;
entry of Charles III into, 366 ; 371 ; the
King and Queen leave (1808), ix 430;
Ferdinand goes to, 431 ; 432 ; insurrec-
tion at, 433; Murat at, 434; stores
of, 435; French forces in, 436; the
French evacuate, 438-9 ; 441 ; Napoleon
captures, 443 sqq. ; Victor and, 451 ;
Venegas and, 452; 453; Areizaga and,
455; Wellington enters (1812), 473; re-
occupied by French, 475 ; evacuated
(1813), 477-8; revolt in (1822), x 79,
224 sq.; recaptured by French, 80, 227;
arrest of Liberal deputies in, 205; im-
provements in, 210; Liberal hopes in,
216; new municipality of, 217; patriotic
societies of, 218; Eiego in, 220; sedition
in, 222; Queen Maria Cristina enters,
General Index,
451
231; disaffection of troops in (1837),
238-9; revolution in (1840), 241; 242;
Central Junta at, 282; revolutionary
risings in, xi 556 sqq. ; martial law in,
559; revolution in (1854), 560, 570;
fighting in, 562; mutinies in, 566 sq. ;
University of, 567
Madrid, Treaties of (1526), u 51, 426, (1617),
IV 11, 38, (1621), 53 sq., (1630), 275,
(1670), X 272, (1721), vi 39, (1801), ix
75, 602
Madrid Gazette, Charles IV's manifesto in
the, IX 429
Madruzzo, Christoforo, Cardinal-Bishop of
Trent, n 661 sqq.
Ludovico, Bishop of Trent. Sec Trent
Madura, Dupleix and, vi 540; administra-
tion of, xn 668 sq.
Madvig, Johan Nikolai, Danish scholar,
XI 699
Maes, Jacques, Pensionary at Antwerp, ni
183
Maestricht, siege of (1679), in 252, 705;
Ban of (1581), 253, 258; besieged by
Frederick Henry, iv 695 sq. ; Thomas of
Savoy at, 697 ; 699 ; a French possession,
V 43; 56; 158; taken by the French
(1673), 161; 164; 455; ceded by France
(1678), 45, 46 ; vi 247 sq. ; Joseph II and,
643 sqq.; besieged (1793), vm 265, 419;
claims of Joseph II to, 277, 281, 312;
Belgium and, x 483, 539 sqq.
Maeterlinck, Maurice, Belgian dramatic
poet, xn 13
Maf eking, siege of, xn 642 sq.
Maffei, Aiinibale, Count, at Utrecht Con-
ference, V 439
Francesco Scipione, Marquis, Italian
poet, V 69
Mafia, The, suspicion of members of, vii
666 ; working of, in S. Italy and Sicily,
xn 239
Magalhaes, Fernao de, i 12; circumnavi-
gates the world, 36
Magallon, Charles, French agent in Egypt,
vin 595
Magdala, storming of, xi 753, xn 664
Magdalen Islands, and the fisheries dispute,
vn 363, 365, 657
Magdeburg, the ''Magdeburg Centuriators "
and their Church history, i 609 ; Synod
of (1451), 631 ; pictures at, seen by Luther,
n 109 sq.; Schmalkaldic League joined
by, 215; question of protectorate of,
252 ; siege of, by Maurice of Saxony, 262,
269; fall of, 270; see of, held by Car-
dinal Archbishop Albert, m 152 ; Protes-
tant Administrator of, and Diet, rv 10;
Christian William of Brandenburg and,
195 sq.; 197; Tilly at, 199; Gustavus
and, 200; siege and fall of, 201 sqq., 214,
217; rebuilding of, 207; Saxony and,
218 ; and Peace of Prague, 252 sq. ; Con-
ference at (1635), 255; Ban6r in, 366;
archbishopric of, and Brandenburg, 407 ;
commercial recovery of, 420 ; archbishop-
ric of, V 623, 626 sq., 642, 644; taxation
in, VI 221; in Seven Years' War, 256,
260, 263, 265 sqq. ; 327 ; 339 ; colonisa-
tion in, 716 ; 718 ; Conference (1688), 4 ;
Prussian retreat to (1806), ix 277; capi-
tulation of, to Ney (1806), 280-2; 292,
337; rising in, 356; 357; chief fortress
of kingdom of Westphalia, 411; new
corps formed at, 514 ; French troops at,
515
Magdeburg, Albert of Brandenburg, Arch-
bishop of, v 625 sq.
Frederick of Beichlingen, Archbishop
of, I 631
Giinther II of Schwarzburg, Arch-
bishop of, V 623
Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg,
Administrator of, in 153, 706, 710, 714
Ludolf, Archbishop of (12th century),
V 620
Magee, John, proprietor of Dublin Evening
Post, X 635
College, Londonderry, xn 71 sq.
Magellan Straits, Chili and, xn 679
Ferdinand, xn 528 sq.
Magenta, battle of, xi 383, 403, 468
Due de. See Macmahon
Magersfontein, British reverse at, xn 642
Maggior Gonsiglio, of Venice, i 272
Maghreb, France and, xn 131 sq.
Magic, in Empire, iv 6 ; after Thirty Years'
War, 423
Magnan, French ambassador at St Peters-
burg, VI 303
Bernard-Pierre, Marshal of France,
XI 134
Magne, Pierre, French statesman, xi 133 ;
297; xn 108
Magni, Joannes (Johan Magnusson). See
Upsala, Archbishops of
Magno, Marcantonio, Italian Keformer, n
390
Magnus, son of Gustavus Vasa of Sweden,
IV 161 ; madness of, 164, 166
Magnus Intercursus, The (1496), i 452, 455,
473 ; m 643
Magnusson, Johan. See Magni, Joannes
Peter. See Vesteras, Bishop of
Magon de Clos-Dor^, Charles-Eene, French
admiral, ordered to sail for West Indies,
1x223
Magrath, Andrew G., Confederate judge,
VII 605
Magruder, John Bankhead, Confederate
general, vn 474
Maguire, Connor or Cornelius, 2nd Baron
of Enniskillen, Irish rebellion and, iv 522
John Francis, Irish politician, xi 344
of Fermanagh, the clan of, m 588,
590
of Fermanagh, Cuconnaught, in 612
of Fermanagh, Hugh, Lord of
Fermanagh, m 603 sqq.; killed (1600),
608
462
General Index,
Archbishop Sharp murdered
with the fiechs, i
Magus Muir,
on, V 285
Magyars, contrasted
330 sq., 332
Mahaffy, John Pentland, historian, xn 845
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, naval historian, xn
842
Maharajpur, British force at, xi 738
Maharashtra, region of, vi 521
Mahdi, the (1881). See Mohammad Ahmad
Mah^, France and, vi 347, 454, 464, 633
delaBourdonnais, Bertrand-Franpois,
French naval officer, vi 535 sqq.; 542;
546
Mahmud I, Sultan of Turkey, vi 304
II, Sultan of Turkey, ix 389; and
Mehemet Ali, Vol. x, Chap, xvii passim'^
512; and Treaty of Bucharest, 169;
disputes of, with Eussia, 175; orders
execution of Gregorios, 182 sq. ; seeks
aid of Mehemet Ali, 189; and revolt
of the Janissaries, 192; declares a holy
war and repudiates Treaty of Akkerman,
198 ; 512 ; death of, 562 ; xi 275 ; 278
Neddim, Grand Vizier, xn 385
Pasha (Beglerbeg of Eumelia), i 70
sqq., 79
Shah, ruler at Kabul, xi 731
Mahon, Barbarossa carries off booty from,
ni 112
Viscount. See Stanhope, 3rd Earl
Mahr, Treaty of (1796), ix 720
Mai, Angelo, Cardinal, historian, xii 842
Maid (Holy) of Kent. See Barton, Eliza-
beth
Maida, English victory at (1806), ix 270,
404
Maid's Tragedy, The, by Beaumont and
Fletcher, iii 881
Maidstone, Fairfax disperses Eoyalists at,
IV 349
Maier {or Mayer), John, of Eck. See Eck,
Johann ,
French politician, vm
the League in, m 663;
r 13; feudal courts in
Hungarian Chancellor,
Hungarian his-
Maignet, Etienne,
372
Mailath, George,
xn 182
Count N. Janos,
torian, xn 842
Mailhe, Jean-Baptiste, French politician,
vm 255
Maillard, Oliver, Franciscan preacher, n
280
Stanislas, leads mob to Versailles
(Oct. 1789), vm 184, 264
Maillebois, Jean-Baptiste -Francois Des-
marets, Marquis de. Marshal of France,
VI 154; 161; 165; 232; retires into
Bavaria, 235; 236; in Piedmont, 243;
245; 362; 608; Napoleon's indebted-
ness to, vm 576 sqq.
Mailly, Louise-Julie de Nesle, Comtesse de,
and Louis XV, vi 164 ; 330
Main, river, British troops on, vi 237 sq. ;
273; 277
Maine (France)
customs of,
vm 49
(U.S.A.), expedition of Popham and
Gilbert to (1607), vn 12; settlement of,
21 sq. ; annexed by Massachusetts, 24 sq.,
27; and the Indians, 28; boundary of,
320, 390 sq. ; conquest of eastern (1814),
344; enters Union, 362; abolition in,
388; State of, xi 777
Maine, U.S.S., blown up at Havajaa, vn
676 sq., xn 696
Maine, Anne-Louise-Ben^dicte de Bourbon,
Duchess of, vi 33; 125; 128 sq. ; and
Cellamare, 130; 132
Charles H, Count of, i 108
Sir Henry James Sumner, vi 814;
821; xn 460; 711; Ancient Law, 850
Louis- Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of,
V 31 ; VI 120 sq. ; 128
de Biron, Franpois-P.-G., xi 526
See also Mayenne
Maintenon, Fran9oise d'Aubign^, Marquise
de, V 19 sqq. ; and Eevocation of Edict
of Nantes, 23 sq.; 31; 77; 87; and Pere
La Chaise, 89; 423; 447; vi 92; 121;
132
Mainville, French officer in India, vi 541
Mainz, and the Eeligious Peace, ni 142-3;
Protestants expelled from, 178; head-
quarters of Gustavus Adolphus, iv 208
sq. ; Bavaria and, 210 ; 211 ; negotiations
at, 216; siege of (1635), 367 sq.; Treaty
of (1638), 379; and Cond^, 389; a French
possession, 597; taken by Germans
(1689), V 57, 661; 409; 435; Pragmatic
army at, vi 238; archbishopric of, 704;
and Decree of November 19, vm 300,
305; surrenders to the Allies (1793), 347,
423, 430; captured by Custine (1792),
414; besieged (1794), 437, 442; captured
by French (1797), 641; French Com-
missioner at, IX 92 ; territory of, 94 ;
reduced to position of a suffragan see,
202 ; Lutheran consistory at, 204 ; maga-
zine formed at, 252; Mortier at (1806),
274 ; Stein at, 329 ; and the Continental
System, 377; French army at (1813),
540; Bavarian designs on, 592; import-
ance of, 596 ; federal fortress of, 659 ;
revolutionary movement at, xi 145; 228;
claimed by France, 457, 483; Napoleon
m and, xn 136
Commission, The, x 367; 369 sq.;
378
Mainz, Electors of: —
Albrecht of Brandenburg, Cardinal,
I 674, 678, 685 ; n 40 sq. ; indulgences
farmed by, 121; Luther's Theses sent
to Eome by, 131 ; 133 ; Luther and, 158,
162 sq., 169; 195, 220, 235, 238, 243;
death of, 251 ; ra 152 ; v 625 sq.
Anselm Casimir von Umstadt, iv 210
sq. ; 218 ; consents to Treaty of Ulm, 391 ;
Maximilian of Bavaria and, 398
Greneral Indeos.
453
Mainz, Electors of {contd.) : —
Berthold von Henneberg, the unity
of the Empire and, i 292; attempts at
governmental reform by, 300 sqq. ; death
of, 316 ; censorship of press and, 685 ; n
142, 149
Daniel Brendel von Homburg, in 176
Diether von Isemburg, i 675, 688 sq.
Dietrich von Erbach, i 631, 633, 688
Emerich Joseph von Breitbach-Biir-
resheim, x 158
Frederick Charles Joseph, Freiherr
von Erthal, vi 708; ix 56
Jakob von Liebenstein, i 316
Johann von Cronenburg, iv 73 ; 81 ;
83 sq. ; 88
Johann Philipp von Schonbom, iv
430; the Rheinbund and, 431; v 43
Karl Theodor A. M. von Dalberg
(last Elector). See Dalberg
Lothar Franz von Schonbom, v 403 ;
VI 202
Phihpp Karl von Eltz, vi 231
Sebastian von Heusenstamm, n 251,
671
Wolfgang von Dalberg, m 706, 731,
734
Mainz, Michael Helding, suffragan Bishop
of, n 264
Wilhelm Emmanuel, Baron von
Ketteler, Bishop of, xi 721
Maipii, battle of (1818), x 292
Maiquez, Isidore, x 210
Maison, Nicolas Joseph, Marquis, Marshal
of France, x 201
Maistre, Casimir, African explorer, xn 812
Joseph-Marie, Comte de, vi 837;
Considerations sur la France, vin 780
sq.; 789 sq. ; ix 133; x 4; Dw Pape, 6;
doctrines of, 43 sq., 161 ; 45; and Eoman
claims in France, 72; 141; and King
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia, 142;
160; 162 sqq.; views of, on the situation
in Italy, 165 sq. ; 167 ; and the Papacy,
XI 707
Maitland, Bear- Admiral Sir Frederick
Lewis, surrender of Napoleon to, ix 243 ;
at Eochefort, 644 ; and Napoleon, 756
Frederic William, xn 841; 850
John, Duke of Lauderdale. See
Lauderdale
Sir Peregrine, General, at Waterloo,
IX 639-40
Sir Thomas, in Portugal, xi 572
Colonel, at Savannah, vn 219
of Lethington, Sir William, n 550,
558, 573, 575 sq., 595; m 263; and Mary
Stewart, 267-8, 273-5, 278-9, 282, 286
Maiwand, British reverse at, xn 37; 475
Majorca, v 446; reactionary excesses in,
X 207
Majuba Hill, battle of, xn 39; 637
MakariefE Fair, x 428
Makaroff, Admiral, at Port Arthur, xn 581 ;
588
Makhran, fight at, xi 632
Makilolo tribe, Livingstone and, xn 808;
809
MaklakofE, Eussian delegate at Prague
Congress, xn 378
Makrinitsa, fall of, xn 391
Maksutoff, Prince, Governor of Alaska, xi
632
Malabar, the Dutch on the coast of, iii 638,
IV 711 ; Portuguese and Dutch in, v 695
sq.
Malacca, outpost of Eastern trade, i 27 sq. ;
Albuquerque in, 31; siege of (1606), m
638; conquered by Dutch (1640), iv 711;
captured by British (1795), vin 484, ix
750, xn 532; 533
Straits of. Great Britain and, xi
667
Malachovski, Casimir, Polish general, x 472
Malaga, Eupert at, iv 464 ; corps of Sebas-
tian! at, IX 457; socialistic riots at, xi
570
Malagrida, Gabriel, Jesuit, vi 387
Malakand, attacked by Swatis, xn 488;
489 sq.
Malakhoff, capture of the, xi 322 sq.
Aimable-J.-J. Pelissier, Due de.
Marshal of France, xi 322; 328
Malalos, captured by American troops, xn
531
Malartie, General, and Tipu, ix 722
Malaspina, papal legate, rv 171
Malassise, Sieur de, m 14, 33
Malatesta, Lamberto, m 430, 432
Frk Sacramoro, and Savonarola, i
188
Sigismondo, Lord of Eimini, i 624
Malaxa, bombarded, xn 420
Malay Archipelago, Dutch trade with, m
632, 638; v 696; Dutch in, x 761, xi
667
Peninsula, xn 4 ; affairs in, 531 sqq.
States (Federated), xn 532 sq.
Malays, in Cape Colony, xi 778
Malby, Sir Nicholas, President of Con-
naught, m 604
Malcolm, Sir John, in India, ix 722; 726;
mission of, to Persia, 732, xn 800; xi 726
Sir Pulteney, British admiral, x 554
''Malcontents," Dutch Catholic party, m
251-2
Maldachini, Donna Olimpia (sister-in-law
of Innocent X), iv 687
Maiden, British post at, vn 337
Malebranche, Nicolas de, n 691; develops
"occasionalism," iv 789; 790; v 65;
78 sq. ; 86
Malesherbes, Chr6tien-G. de Lamoignon de,
vm 24; Minister of King Louis XVI' s
Household, 82, 84, 87 ; resigns, 87 sq. ;
106; 257
Malet, Claude-Franpois de, French general,
conspiracy of, ix 137, 143-4, 504
Sir Charles Warre, resident at Poena,
1x710
454
General Index.
Maleville, Frangois-Jean-L^on de, French
Minister of Interior, xi 118; 127; 133
Jacques, Marquis de, Analyse. ..du
Code Civil, vm 742; ix 150; 160
Malghera, fort of, captured, xi 95
Malherbe, Fran(?ois de, ni 71-2 ; literary
ideals of, iv 777; v 64 sqq. ; 69; xi 508
Malietoa, King of Samoa, vn 662 sq.
Maligny, Jean de, n 298
Malik Ambar, Abyssinian Minister, vi 515
Malindi (port on East Coast of Africa), Da
Gama at, i 25
Malines, Court of Appeal set up at, n 102 ;
surrendered to William of Orange, ra
232-3; plundered by Alva's soldiers, 234;
VI 248 ; seminary of, 651 ; 652 ; seminary
of, closed, vm 327; Pichegru captures,
436; Mainz ecclesiastically subordinate
to, IX 202 ; Catholic Congress at, xi 714
Francois-Antoine, Comte de M6an,
Archbishop of, x 526
Cardinal- Archbishop of. See Franck-
enburg
Malipiero, Domenico, Venetian historian,
I 284, 287
Mallarm^, F.-E.-Auguste, French politician,
vm 368
Mallet du Pan, Jacques, Mercure Britan-
nique, vm 1; 34; 216, 373, 781 sq.
Mallinckrodt, Heinrich von, German poli-
tician, xn 147
Mallory, Stephen Eussell, vn 447; Con-
federate Secretary of the Navy, 605
Mallow, Lord Taaffe defeated at, rv 345
Malmaison, Bonaparte at, ix 24, (181o),
643, 756; Constitution of (1801), 98-9
Malmesbury, James Harris, 1st Earl of,
ambassador at St Petersburg, vi 460;
470; 472; vm 278; at the Hague, 282,
286 sqq., 543 sq.; 322 sq.; at Lille, 494,
498 ; 759 ; ix 43 ; and Whig party, 673
sqq.
■ James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of.
Foreign Secretary, xi 21; 328; 331
Malmoe, Peace of (1512), i457; blockaded
by Horn, iv 387; 560; siege of (1676),
V 570; Truce of (1848), xi 166; 168; 224
Malo, commandant of French dragoons,
vm 505
Maloggia, Pass of, iv 35, 39; Grisons
Preachers cross the, 46; 49
Malon, Benoit, French politician, xi 502;
505; xn 123 sq.
Malone, Anthony, Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer in Ireland, vi 489
Malony, John Baptist, x 621
Malou, J., Belgian statesman, xn 250 sq.
Malouet, Pierre Victor, Baron, Commissioner
in West Indies, vn 97 ; vm 124, 132 ; at
States General, 149, 152; assaulted in
National Assembly, 170, 173, 201; and
the Court, 216
Malo-Yaroslavetz, battle at (1812), ix 499
Malpighi, Marcello, v 727; 729; 734; bo-
tanical studies of, 735 sq.; 737
Malplaquet, battle of (1709), v 425 sq., 436,
668, VI 206
Mais, conference at (1496), i 118
Malseigne, Chevalier Guyot de, and the
mutiny at Nancy, vm 192
Malta, given to the Knights of St John,
n 60, 68; defended against Turks (1565),
m 125, 489, 540 ; Knights of, and Paul V,
IV 669; Knights of, and Turks, v 342;
Great Britain and, 444; Knights driven
from (1788), ix 604; French designs on,
vm 591, 595 sqq.; captured (1798), 598,
621, 623, 645, ix 40, 751; recaptured
(1800), vm 629, ix 41 sq.; Russia and,
vm 645, 648, ix 39, 69, 181 ; restored to
Knights of Malta (1801), 74 sqq., 751;
British retention of, 103, 209; strategic
importance of, 210, 244-5 ; 263 ; a centre
of English commerce, 381 ; cession of, to
Great Britain (1814), 654, 755; vicissi-
tudes of, 751; British fleet at, xi 313;
753; Indian troops in, xn 33, 394, 468;
Mediterranean fever in, 780
Malte-Brun, Conrad, geographer, vm 788
Malters, fight at, xi 247
Malthus, Thomas Robert, vm 768 ; x 598 ;
and Corn Laws, 773 ; writings and
influence of, 774 sqq.; and Godwin's
Political Justice, 778; xn 817
the elder (father of above), vm 768
Maltitz, Johannes von. See Meissen, Bishop
of
Malus, commissariat Staff-officer to Du-
mouriez, vm 416, 419
Malus Intercursus, The (1506), i 454 sq.
Malvasia, surrendered by Venice, ra 116
Malvenda, Fray Pedro de, n 251 ; discussion
with Diaz of, 403
Malvern Hill, Federal victory at (1862), vii
479
Maly, Jakub, Cech political writer, xi
656
Malygin, Lieutenant, Russian explorer, xn
795
Mameli, Goffredo, x 126; xi 545
MamelukeSj rise of, in Egypt, ix 385;
fall of, 387; vm 600
'* Mamelukes," or Savoyard party at
Geneva, n 362
Mamiani, Terenzio della Rovere, Count,
Italian statesman, xi 89; 93
Man, Isle of, reduction of, rv 466; Wesley
in, VI 83
Robert, Admiral, vm 460 sq.
Dr, m 491
Manab^, member of the Council, at Kioto,
XI 837 sqq.
Manahiki Islands, British protectorate over,
xn 667
Manasarowar lake, explorers at, xn 798
Manassas (Virginia), Confederate camp at,
vn 464 ; Federal advance to, 465 ; 472 sq.;
474 sq.
Manass^in, N., Russian Minister of Justice,
xn 316; 336
General Index.
455
Manchester, outbreak of Civil War at, iv
301 ; Strange repulsed at, 305 ; Jacobites
at, VI 101; 114; 496; Badical meetings
at, X 578; "massacre" at, 581; parlia-
mentary representation of, 601 sq., 613;
Com Laws Kepeal Association in, 680;
use of machinery in, 734 sq.; insanitary
state of, XI 1 ; disturbances at, 2 ; Fenians
in, 344 ; murder of Police- Sergeant Brett
at, xn 65, 74 sq.; 73; University of,
763
Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of, com-
mander of Eastern Association, iv 314;
315; on Committee of Both Kingdoms,
320 ; at York, 321 ; at Marston Moor, 322 ;
324 sqq.; Parliamentary army and, 344;
657; V 93; 100
Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of
(Viscount Mandeville) (1620), m 571
Manchuria, xn 4; 56; Bussian occupation
of, 345; 513; 521 sq.; Bussian aggression
in, 576 sq.; Busso- Japanese War in, 578
sqq., 594; post-road through, 792
Mancini, Hortense, Duchesse de Mazarin,
IV 542; V 106
Laure. See Mercoeur
Marie, iv 620 ; and Louis XIV, v 19
Mandalay, British agent withdrawn from,
xn 479; 793
Mandat, Jean-Antoine-Galyot, Commandant
General of the Gardes Nationales, vin
235 sq.
Mandavi, xi 743
Manderscheid, John zu. Bishop of Strass-
burg. See Strassburg
Mandeville, British ChargS d'affaires at
Constantinople, x 552
Manet, Edouard, painter, xi 628
Manetti, Gianozzo, translator of Bible,
I 679
Manfredi, Astorre, Lordof Faenza, murdered,
I 238
Manfredini, Federigo, Prime Minister of
Tuscany, vni 778
Mangalore, Treaty of, vi 577, ix 710 ; French
land at, 721
Mangan, James Clarence, poet, xi 352
Mangascia, Bas, xn 240
Mangin, Etienne, French Eeformer, n 290
Manhattan Island, trading ports on, iv 709
Manhes, Charles- Antoine, Comte, French
general, severity of, in Calabria, ix 406
Manifestdcion, prison of the, m 513, 616
Manila, vi 369; restored to Spain, 370;
373; 427; 430; Dewey captures, vn 679,
681, 683 sqq., xn 530; trade of, x 255;
259; 275
Manin, Daniel, x 111; xi 76; and the re-
volution in Venice, 82; 84; 86; restored
to office, 90; at Venice, 95; 374; and
Italian unity, 375; 488
Lodovico, last Doge of Venice, vm
686, 593
Manique, Portuguese Intendant of Police,
vm 784
Manitoba, La Verendrye in, vn 94; Pro-
vince of, XI 776 sq.; xn 605; 610; pro-
vincial rights of, 614 sq.
Manners, Thomas Manners-Sutton, Ist
Baron, Chancellor of Ireland, ix 707
Manners-Sutton, Charles. See Canterbury,
1st Viscount
Mannheim, surrender of (1622), m 575;
a French possession, rv 144 ; captured by
Bernard (1632), 208; sacked (1689), v 56;
409; 435; Frederick William I at, vi
212; occupied by the French (1794), vm
437, 442; surrendered (1795), 443; ceded
to Baden, rx 94 ; Davout at, 253 ; Kotze-
bue assassinated at, x 365; eSect of the
French Bevolution (1848) in, xi 145 ; 147
Manning, Henry Edward, Cardinal, and
the Syllabus, xi 716; xn 230
Thomas, visits Lhassa, xn 798
Mano Negra, Spanish secret society, xn 267
Manoel. See Manuel
Manrique, Alfonso, Inquisitor-General, n
401
Inigo, Bishop of Sigiienza. See
Sigiienza
Isabella, of Brisegna, u 390
Jorge de, Spanish poet, i 381
Mansdotter, Karin, married by Erik XIV
of Sweden, iv 163 sq.
Mansell, Sir Bobert, m 664, 567
Mansfeld, Luther at, n 109
Countess Agnes von, m 707
Count Albrecht von, n 196, 215, 259,
261
Count Ernest von, English assistance
to, m 573 sq., 577 sq.; serves Bohemian
Directors, iv 24 ; defeated at Zablat, 27 ;
with Christian of Anhalt, 64 sq. ; and
Emperor Ferdinand II, 67; 77 sq.; raids
Darmstadt, 80 ; hesitations of, 81 ; in Low
Countries, 85; in East Frisia, 86; 87 sq.;
English levies of, 92 ; 258 ; summoned to
Paris, 93 ; 95 ; at Dessau Bridge, 97 ; sub-
sidised by Bichelieu, 129; and Bohemian
throne, 233; pursued into Hungary by
Wallenstein, 98; death of, ib. sq.; 101;
128; 243
Count Gebhard von, n 196, 215
Count Gebhard von. Archbishop of
Cologne. See Cologne
Count Peter Ernest von, m 194 sq.,
218, 245, 519, 627; iv 24
Count Philip von. Imperial general,
IV 250
Count Wolf von, iv 377
Count Wolrad von, in 12 sq.
Mansfield, David Murray, 2nd Earl of (Vis-
count Stormont), ambassador at Paris, iv
378; 449 sq.; President of Council, 464
Sir James, Lord Chief Justice (So-
licitor-General), xn 713
William Murray, Ist Earl of (Lord
Mansfield), vi 188; 403; 405; 424; 426;
and Wilkes, 432; 434 sq.; 441 sq.; and
America, 447; 472
456
General Index,
Mansfield, Sir William Eose. See Sand-
hurst
Manso, Giovanni Battista, and Milton, v
118
Manson, Sir Patrick, and malaria, xn 779
Mantegna, Andrea, Italian painter, i 284
Mantes, garrisoned by Montmorency's Com-
pany, m 23; Edict of (1591), 675;
Articles of (1693), 675
Manteucci, Pellegrino, African explorer, xn
811
Manteuffel, Baron Edwin Hans Karl von,
Prussian field-marshal, xi 191 ; 409 sq. ;
mission of, to St Petersburg, 456; in
Franco-German War, 606 sq.; 609 sq.
Baron Otto von, Prussian states-
man, XI 193 ; 198 ; and Hesse-Cassel
crisis, 229 sqq.; at Dresden Conference,
232 sq.; 395 sq.; 403; William I and, 406
Manton, Thomas, Nonconformist divine,
V 201
Mantua, Congress of (1459), i 78, 655, 666,
669; Council of (1535), n 394; ni 401;
476; House of, favourably disposed to-
wards Henry IV, 683; House of Savoy
linked with, 686; succession in, iv 115,
117, 134 sq.; besieged by Colalto (1629),
136, 138 ; 145 ; 148 ; Charles Emmanuel
in, 626; French force at, v 402; 403;
French evacuate (1706), 415; duchy of,
451 ; claimed by the King of Sardinia,
VI 152; 153 sq.; Leopold II at, 656; be-
sieged by the French (1796), vm 553,
556, 572 sq.; siege of, abandoned, 574 sq.;
fall of, 580; surrenders to the Allies
(1799), 659; ceded to France (1801),
IX 69 ; Andreas Hofer shot at, 356 ;
Austrian revenue from, 393; Centri in,
X 111 ; Duke Francis IV at, 120 ; xi 82 ;
investment of, 84; 85 sq.; 88; conspiracy
in, 376 sq.; 384; elections at, xn 226
Benedetto of, n 389
Mantua, Dukes of [di Gonzaga] : —
Charles IV (Duke of Nevers), Man-
tuan claim of, IV 115; 119; in Champagne,
122; 124; becomes Duke of Mantua,
134 sq., 138; death of, 148; hostile to
Austria, 643; 678; alliance between
Bichelieu, Venice and, 679; acknowledged
in Mantua, 680; v 349; 401
Federigo II, Marquis, afterwards
Duke of, n 48, 57, 60; invested with
Montferrat, 68, 72
Ferdinand, Montferrat restored to, iv
626
Francis IV, and Montferrat, iv 626
Vincent n, rv 134, 643; 678
William, in 387
Mantua, Giovanni Francesco Gonzaga, Ist
Marquis of (General of Holy See) , i 280 ;
patron of Vittorino da Feltre, 657
Margaret of Savoy, consort of Francis
rv. Duchess of, Eegent of Portugal, iv
650; Braganza and, 651 sq.; 654
Manucci, Teobaldo Pio. See Manuzio, Aldo
Manuel (the Great), King of Portugal.
See Emmanuel
King of Portugal, xn 272
Jacques-Antoine, x 54; 56; attacks
Government, 60 ; 61 ; 66 ; 68 ; funeral of,
90; 486; xn 832
Don Juan, incites Philip the Fair
(of Burgundy and Castile) against Ferdi-
nand, I 363; Maximilian supported by,
384, 367
Nicholas, n 327, 332
Pierre - Louis, Procureur GSn^ral
Syndic, vm 225; suspended, 230; rein-
stated, t&.; 242, 246 sq.; at the King's
trial, 260; executed (1793), 357
Manuskript aits Suddeutschland, Lindner's,
political importance of, x 369
Manuzio, Aldo (Teobaldo Manucci),
Venetian printer, i 561 sqq.; aided by
the Neacademia of, ih.
Paolo (son of the above), i 563
Manwaring, Eoger, Bishop of St David's,
IV 268 ; impeached and pardoned, 271 sq.;
VI 803
Manwein, Margary murdered at, xn 501
Manz , Felix, Anabaptist opponent of Zwingli,
n 322 sq.
Manzioli, Angelo, Zodiacus Vitae, n 384
Manzoni, Alessandro, Italian writer, vi 831 ;
X 100; 125; writings of, 166; xi 546
sqq.
Maori, The, and the Settlement of New
Zealand, xi 792 sq.; 799 sq.; xn 624
Mar, John Erskine, 17th Earl of (or Ist
of new cr.), Eegent of Scotland, death of
(1572), in 285, 549
John Erskine, 22nd (or 6th) Earl of,
Scottish Secretary of State, v 299; vi
43; 96 sq.; rising of, 98 sqq.; attainted,
103; 106
Mara, William de, early Hebrew scholar,
I 590
Maracaibo, captured by Grammont (1679),
v691
Maradas, Don Balthasar, Spanish com-
mander, IV 65 ; 72 ; in Prague, 209 ; 219
Marajo, French settlement on, vi 389
Maranham. See Maranhao
Maranhao, conquered by Dutch, iv 753,
755; revolt in (1684), v 678; settlement
in, 679; reduced for Pedro I (1823), x
316
and Para Company, vi 385 sq.
Maranhao-Para, State of, vi 389 sq.
Maranoa river, exploration of, xi 795
Maranos, the Crypto-Jews of Spain, i 624
Marans, taken by Mayenne, m 32 ; fortified
by Navarre, 41 ; besieged and taken by
Catholic party (1587), 42
Marass6, Jean Een6 Blandine de, vm 422
Marat, Jean-Paul, publisher of L^Ami du
Peuple, vm 168 sq., 192, 213, 234, 373;
in the National Convention, 239, 243,
247,251, 262; trial of, 271;
346
General Index.
457
Marathas, The, English treaty with (1674),
V 698; rise of, vi 518; 521 sq., 529,
631 sq., 541; defeated at Panipat (1761),
624, 668; defeated by Lake (1803), 525;
546; Warren Hastings and, 567, 669,
582 sq., XI 725; and Emperor Shah
Alam, VI 668; 577 sq.; war of Tipu
against, ix 710; 715, 717; mihtary
power of, 718 sqq. ; and Sindhia, 718 sq.;
at war with the Nizam, 720 sq.; Welles-
ley and, 725 sqq.
Marathon, brigandage at, xi 643
Marbeck, John, musician, n 466
Marbella Point, naval engagement off (1705),
v413
Marbois. See Barb^-Marbois
Marbot, Antoine, French general, vin 672
Marburg, University of, n 201, rx 411 ; Con-
ference of (1529), n 207 sqq., 333 ; the
Articles of, 209 ; Archduke John at, ix
258 ; Savigny's lectures at, xn 822
succession, secured to Hesse- Cassel,
IV 408
Marceau, Frangois-S^verin des Graviers,
French, general, vm 355, 497
Marcel, Etienne, Estates General and, z
399
Marcellus II (Marcello Cervini), Pope, n
90, 534; the Jesuits and, 655, 663 sqq.,
672 sq.
March, Ausias (Spanish poet), i 379
•'March Days" of agitation in Berlin, xi
157 sq.
Marchand, Jean-Baptiste, in Africa, xn 65;
129 sq. ; 343 ; 448 ; 812 sq.
Comte Jean-Gabriel, French general,
meets Del Parque near Salamanca, ix
455
Marchangy, Louis- Antoine-F. le. King's
procurator in France, x 76
Marches, The (Italian), brigandage in, in
430; favours bestowed by Sixtus V on,
438 ; rebellion in, x 165 ; national move-
ment in, XI 384; 387; 390; invasion of,
469; 530; annexed to Italy, 709
Marchfeld, battle fought on the (1809), ix
350
Marohiennes, depot of the Allies, v 433 sq.
Marciano, defeat of Piero Strozzi at, n 88
Marck. See La Marck
Marcks, Erich, German historian, xn 829
Marco y Catalan, Governor of Eome, x 152
Marconi,Guglielmo, and wireless telegraphy,
xn787
Marcora, Giuseppe, Italian politician, xn
227
Marcos de Obregon, by V. Espinel, m 547
Marcoussis, rebel Princes removed to, iv
613
Marcy, William Learned, American Secre-
tary of State, vn 426
Mardefeld, Gustav von, Prussian Minister
at St Petersburg, vi 316 ; 658
Marderfeld, Arvid Axel, Swedish general,
V 595
Mardyk, Anglo-French treaty and, iv 440,
485 ; 598 ; 618 ; handed over to England,
619 ; harbour at, v 442 ; war-port at, vi
23; 26
Mar^chal, Sylvain, French journalist, vm
504
Maremma, The, draining of, in 393, 395,
399, 437-8 ; attempt to colonise, vi 601 ;
603
Marengo, battle of (1800), ix 15-6, 33, 42,
62 sqq., 150, 346
Marescalchi, Ferdinand, ix 84
Maresio, Giulio, Italian martyr, n 397
Maret, Hugues Bernard, Due de Bassano,
French ambassador, vm 299, 302 sq.,
305, 498
Marfori, Carlos, Marquis of Loja, xi 568 sq.
Margaret, Queen of Denmark, i 502;
marriage of, with Hakon of Norway, n
600; becomes Queen of Sweden (1393),
ib.
Empress, consort of Leopold I, v
349; 377
(of Valois), Queen of France, 1st
consort of Henry IV, marriage of, in 15,
18; 22 sq.; 33 sq.; 484; 489; divorce of ,
678
Duchess of Alenpon, and Queen of
Navarre, n 284 sq., 287, 353 ; Mirror
of a Sinful Sml, 354, 384, 426
(Tudor), Queen of Scotland, consort of
James IV, i 484 sq., 488; n 419 sq., 422;
divorce and re-marriage of, with Henry
Stewart, 453 sq.; death of, 455, 565; 560
(of Austria), Queen of Spain, consort
of Philip in, m 527 ; iv 626
Archduchess, daughter of Maximi-
lian II, dies in a Carmelite nunnery, m
699
of Austria and Burgundy, Duchess
of Savoy, i 111, 131; birth of, 443;
marriage of, 446 ; 450 sq., 453; Governor-
General in Netherlands, 465-9, 477;
Henry VIII visits, 479 ; 481, 483 ; n 40,
42, 59, 66, 102, 143, 424
(of Valois), Duchess of Berry, after-
wards consort of Emmanuel Philibert of
Savoy, and humanism, m 58 ; marriage
of, 400 ; 403 ; 406 sq.
Duchess of Parma. See Parma
Margarita, Clemente Solaro della, xi 70 sq.;
75
Margarites, Apostolos, xn 424
Margarot, Maurice, radical, vm 770
Margary, Augustus Kaymond, murdered by
Chinese, xn 500 sq. ; 796
Margate, Spanish designs on, m 308 ; sick-
ness in English fleet at, 316 ; Arthur
O'Connor seized at, ix 701
Margeret, Jacques, French oflBcer in Russia,
v513
Margotti, editor of Unita Cattolica, xi 714 ;
xn226
Marguerite, Jean-Auguste, French general,
XI 698
458
General Index.
Marheineke, P. K., Lutheran theologian,
X 382
Maria, Marie: —
(de' Medici), Queen of France, 2nd
consort of Henry IV, m 544 ; 558 ; 678 ;
appointed Begent, 690, 732 ; iv 34 ; 56 ;
Begent, 118 sq. ; 121 ; and Bichelieu,
123 sqq. ; escapes to the Netherlands,
139 ; death of, ib. ; 141 ; 625 sq. ; 640 ;
in England, 592 ; 645 ; v 72
(Leszczynska), Queen of France, con-
sort of Louis XV, marriage of, vi 143 sq.;
146; 148; 156; 164; 194; 196; 199
Queen of Hungary (sister of Charles V),
Begent of the Netherlands, i 458 ; n 66,
74, 102, 235 ; censured by the Pope, 239 ;
267, 273, 448; resignation of, 537; m
182; 185; 187; 190
(d'Arquien), Queen of Poland, con-
sort of John Sobieski, v 350 ; 354 ; 356 ;
365
(di Gonzaga), Queen of Poland, con-
sort of John Casimir, v 349
I, Queen of Portugal, vi 375 ; 381 ;
388 ; insanity of, ix 301 ; sails for Brazil,
X 310 ; death of, 311
n. Queen of Portugal, x 235 ; 320 sq.;
in London, 322 sq. ; returns to Brazil,
323 ; in England and France, 326 ; 328 ;
in Lisbon, 336 ; marriage and reign of,
338 sq.; xi 572 sq,
(of Bavaria), Queen of the Two
Sicilies, consort of Francis H, xi 380
Amalia (Archduchess), Empress, con-
sort of Charles VH, vi 201
Amalia (of Saxony), Queen of Spain,
consort of Charles HI, vi 156; 367;
596 sq.; death of, x 231
Am^lie (of Naples), Queen of the
French, consort of Louis-Philippe, xi
101
Am^lie, Queen of Portugal, consort
of Carlos, xn 271 sq.
Anna (of Spain), Empress, consort
of Ferdinand III, v 340 ; 376
Anna (of Spain), Queen of Portugal,
consort of Joseph, vi 375 ; 388
Anna (of Austria), Queen of Spain,
2nd consort of Philip IV, marriage of, iv
664 ; faction of, 665 ; v 34 sq.; 45 ; 373
Anna (of Neuburg), Queen of Spain,
2nd consort of Charles II, v 34 sq.; ill-
ness of, 379 ; and the Spanish Succession,
381 ; 385 ; 391 sq.
Antoinette (of Austria), Queen of
France, consort of Louis XVI, marriage
of, VI 356; 616; 644; 783 sq.; character
and influence of, vni 79 sqq.; opposes
Turgot, 87 ; opposes Necker, 90 ; opposes
Calonne, 103; and meeting of States
General, 146 ; in Paris, 185 ; enmity of
Madame Boland against, 214 ; and insur-
rection of June 20, 229 ; quits Tuileries,
236 sq.; trial and execution of, 356 sq.;
burial of, at St Denis, ix 572 ; x 732
Maria, Marie {contd.) : —
Antonia, Queen of Portugal, consort
of John V, Begent, vi 384
Caroline, Queen of Naples. See
Caroline
Casimiria, Queen of Poland, vi 191
Cristina (Archduchess), Queen Be-
gent of Spain, xn 257; 264
Eleonora (of Brandenburg), Queen of
Sweden, consort of Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 29, 68; marriage of, 89, 184; 185;
191; 203; at Mainz, 209; 220; excluded
from government, 224 ; 568 ; v 639
Feodorovna (Sophia Dorothea of
Wiirtemberg), Tsarina of Bussia, con-
sort of Tsar Paul, vi 696; ix 36; Em-
press Dowager, 305 ; and Napoleon, 486 ;
foundress of institutions, xi 263, 625
Frederica Amelia (of Oldenburg),
Queen of Greece, consort of Otto, xi
639 sqq.
Henriette (of Orleans), Queen of
Belgium, consort of Leopold II, xi 673
Josepha (of Bavaria) , Empress, con-
sort of Joseph II, VI 630 sq.
Josepha (Archduchess), Queen of
Poland, consort of Augustus III, vi 201
Louisa Augusta, Princess of Prussia.
See Augusta of Weimar, German Empress
Louise (Archduchess), Empress of
the French (Duchess of Parma), rx 140;
144-5, 147, 360; Napoleon's marriage
with, 369; proposed regency of, 556;
Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla granted
to, 559 ; 573, 581, 602 ; receives Parma,
etc., 660 ; rule of, in Parma, x 107 ; 118 ;
120 ; XI 69
Louise Beatrix (of Este), Empress of
Austria, 3rd consort of Francis H, ix 310 ;
supports Stadion, 341, 359
Luisa (of Parma), Queen of Spain,
consort of Charles IV, v 34 sq.; vm 442,
783 ; IX 431 ; arrives at Bayonne, 432
Luisa (of Savoy), Queen of Spain,
1st consort of Philip V, v 447 ; vi 122
Miloslavskaia, Tsaritsa, consort of
Alexis, V 506
■ Nagaia, Tsaritsa, consort of Ivan the
Terrible, v 495 sq.
■ Pia (of Italy), Queen of Portugal,
consort of Luis, xi 534 ; 574
■ Sophia (of Neuburg), Queen of Por-
tugal, consort of Pedro II, v 35
Teresa (Infanta), Queen of France,
consort of Louis XIV, iv 620 ; 658 ; mar-
riage of, 660 sq.; v 19; death of, 20; 30;
33; and the Spanish Netherlands, 36,
152; 376 sq.
Theresa, Queen of Hungary, Empress,
V 354 ; 543 ; and the War of the Austrian
Succession, Vol. vi. Chap, vm (3) passim ;
and the Seven Years' War, Chap. ts. pas-
sim ; 57 ; 139 sqq. ; 155 ; 159 sq. ; and
acceptance by the Powers of Pragmatic
Sanction, 203; accession of, 204; 310;
General Index,
459
Maria, Marie [contd.)'. —
315 ; and Frederick the Great, 316, 338,
398 ; 317 ; 323 ; and Marshal SoltikofE,
324 ; 325 ; and the Empress Elizabeth,
325, 327 ; 331 ; and Count Kaunitz, 335 ;
336 ; 339 ; 341 ; 343 ; France and, 345 ;
346; and Poland, 355, 630, 669, 732;
366; and the Franco-Austrian alliance,
400 sq.; 427; and Clement XIII, 594;
and the Jesuits, 695; 596; and Naples,
597; 600; 626 sqq.; 632; and Bavaria,
633 ; and reform, 637 sqq. ; and Nether-
lands, 649 ; and Catharine II, 677, 699 ;
707; 724; death of, 634; vm 79 sq.,
277, 309, 311; and Poland, 623; xi
421 sq.
of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I.
See Cleves
Archduchess, consort of Archduke
Charles of Styria, m 699
Infanta, daughter of Philip III, and
Prince Henry, m 559, iv 625 ; Charles I
and, m 575 ; iv 641, 643
of Portugal, marriage of, with Alex-
ander, Duke of Parma, m 200
Grand Duchess of Eussia, daughter
of Paul, at Vienna, ix 581
Amalia, Archduchess, consort of
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, vm 79
Anna (of Bavaria), Dauphine, v 41
Anna Victoria, Infanta of Spain,
betrothed to Louis XV, vi 39, 126;
repudiated, 140, 143
Beatrix of Este (Modena), Arch-
duchess, Duchess of Massa-Carrara, ix
603
Christina, Archduchess, consort of
Albert of ^ Saxe - Teschen. See Saxe-
Teschen
Cristina of Naples. See Cristina,
Queen of Spain
Eleonora of Jiilich-Cleves, consort
of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia. See
Prussia
Francisca of Braganza, consort of
Don Carlos, x 230; and the Spanish
Succession, 231 sq.
Isabel, Princess of Asturias, after-
wards Queen of Spain. See Isabel II
Josephe, Dauphiness, vi 199 ; 338
Louise (of Parma), Princess of Bul-
garia, xn 410
Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany.
See Tuscany
Luisa Fernanda, Infanta. See Mont-
pensier, Duchesse de
Magdalena, Archduchess, consort of
Wolfgang William of Neuburg. See Neu-
burg
Theresa, Order of, ix 604
Theresa, Infanta, Dauphiness (1744) ,
VI 156 ; 160
Th^r^se Charlotte, Madame Eoyale,
daughter of Louis XVI, vm 390, 503 sq.
See also Maiy
Maria a Jesu de Agreda, Philip IV and,
IV 658
da Fonte, revolution of (1846), x
339
Maria LuZy Peruvian ship engaged in the
Chinese labour traffic at Yokohama, xn
554 sq. ; 559
Marialva y Menezes, Antonio Luis, Count
de Castanhede, Portuguese general, v 34
Marian persecution, n 633, 538 sqq.
Mariana, Queen of Portugal. See Maria
Anna
Juan, Jesuit writer, i 360 ; n 659 ;
in 763, 766 ; vm 3 sq.
Mariana Victoria (of Portugal), married to
Don Gabriel, vi 381 sq.
Mariane, French Gharg6 d'affaires in Swit-
zerland, VI 616
Mariano, Fr^ (servant to Leo X), ii 13, 17
da Genazzano, Fra, rival of Savona-
rola, I 147, 150 sq., 174
Maribo, suppression of the convent at (1521) ,
n617
Marie, Alexandre-Thomas, xi 26 ; 39 ; 102 ;
Minister of Public Works, 104 ; 108 ; 118
Marie Galante, reduced (1808) by the
British, ix 240
Marienbourg (Belgium), built by Charles V,
n 102 ; captured by France (15231, 89 ;
restored to Spain (1559) , 93 ; ceded to
France, v 33 ; ceded to Netherlands, x 22,
524
Marienburg (West Prussia), taken by Gus-
tavus Adolphus, iv 207; Treaty of (1656),
428, 583; v 632; siege of (1410), 633;
634 sq.
Marietta, settlers at, vn 357
Mariette, F. Auguste F., French Egyptolo-
gist, XII 845
Marignano, battle of (1515), i 141, 486, vi
611 sq., 621
Gian Giacomo, Medichino, Marquis
of, n 88 ; ra 390
Marigny, truce at, in 28
Marillac, Charles de. See Vienna, Arch-
bishops of
Louis de, Marshal of France, execu-
tion of, IV 138; 155
Michel de, exile of, rv 138
Intendant of Poitou, 1681, and the
dragonnades, v 24
Marinelli, confessor of Pius IX, xu 216
Marino, Giovanni Battista, Crashaw in-
fluenced by, IV 772 sq.
Marion, Francis, American general, vn 226
Mariotte, Edme, physicist, v 715
Maris, the brothers, painters, xn 249
Marischal, George Keith, 5th Earl, m 650
George Keith, 10th Earl, vi98; 103
sqq.
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de,
VI 833; XI 528
Mark, and Treaty of Cleves, rv 409; count-
ship of, added to grand duchy of Berg,
IX 410
460
General Index.
Marklissa, Field-Marshal Daun at, vi 291 ;
292
Markoff, Eussian diplomatist, ix 245
Marlar, Anthony, printer, n 466
Marlborough, Province of, xi 799
George Spencer, 4th Duke of, vi 424 ;
Lord Privy Seal, 430
George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke
of, X 593
John Churchill, Duke of, envoy to
Louis XIV, V 231; at Sedgmoor, 232;
and Prince of Orange, 243, 247; 246;
255 ; and James II, 262 ; 266 ; in Ireland,
316; and religious toleration, 334; and
Grand Alliance (1701), 398; character
and military genius of, 405, 436 sq.,
460 sqq.; in Netherlands (1702), 406 sqq.;
march of, to Danube, 409; at Blenheim,
410 sq. ; 412 sq.; returns to Netherlands,
414; designs of, on Toulon, 412, 414,
419, 426; at Kamillies, 415 sq. ; and
peace negotiations, 417, 420, 422 sq.,
427; visits Charles XII, 417, 596 sq. ;
in the Netherlands, 418; at Oudenarde,
420 sq.; 424; at Malplaquet, 425; de-
clining influence of, in England, 428;
429 ; successes of, against Villars, 431 ;
dismissal of, 431,471; 432; 440; 457 sq.;
and party government, 462 sqq.; created
duke, 463; 465 sq.; Earl of Oxford and,
470 sq.; Peter the Great and, 595; 609;
missions of, to Berlin, 666 sq. ; vi 7 sq. ;
11; 14; 16 sq.; 91; 206; 267
Sarah, Duchess of, v 428; 460;
462; 565 sq.
Marliano, Bartolommeo, XJrhis Romae Topo-
graphia, i 549
Marlowe, Christopher, iii 373 sq.
Marmont, Auguste-F.-L. Viesse de, Due de
Kaguse, Marshal, vni 564; 602, 616; and
Brumaire, 679; ix 60-3; 252; joins
Bernadotte, 253; invests Ulm, 254;
ordered to Salzburg, 256-7; guards Styria,
258; 289, 355; Dalmatia transferred to,
396 ; 419 ; Mass6na superseded in
Portugal by, 466; joins Soult, 467; at
Badajoz, 468; at Leon, 469; 471; falls
back on the Douro, 472; wounded, 473;
at Mockern, 536-7; at Schonefeld, 539;
guards French frontier, 543 ; at Sezanne,
549; defeat of, 552; defends Paris, 553;
surrender of, 557-8; advice of, to Napo-
leon, 574; X 54; 100; and revolution of
1830, 475 sq.
Marmora, Sea of, British fleet in, xn 390
Marmotan, French politician, xi 502
Marnix, John de, Lord of Thoulouse, in
211
Philip de. See Sainte-Aldegonde
Marongio Nurra, Emmanuel, Bishop of
Cagliari, xi 368
Maronites, The, and the Druses, xi 276
Marot, Clement, ii 286 ; in Ferrara, 384 ;
690
Maroto, Rafael, Carlist general, z 240
Marquesas Isles, France and, xi 35; 793;
government of, xn 668
Marquette, Jacques, French Jesuit and
explorer, vn 362
Marramaque, Antonio Pereira, writings of,
n 414
Marrast, Armand, editor of Tribune, x 485;
491 sq.; xi 26; 39; 102 sq.; 108; 110;
and Republican Constitution, 115 ; Presi-
dent of Assembly, 118; 124
Marsaglia, battle of (1693), v 61
Marsala, Garibaldi at, xi 388, 633
Marschalk, Nicholas, first German printer
of Greek, n 111
Marschall von Burgholzhausen, Count
Ernst Dietrich von, Austrian general,
in Lusatia, vi 264 sq.; 268; 278
Marsden, Samuel, in Australia, xi 791,
793
Marseillaise, French journal, xi 492
Marseilles, siege of, by Bourbon (1524), ii
49, 423 ; Conference of, between Clement
VII and Francis I (1533), 68, 220, 285,
440, III 110; troubles at (1591), 397, 410,
416; Spanish designs on (1596), 668,
(1601), 683; the plague at, vi 128; 348;
arsenal at, 349; viii 60; federes from,
232 sq., 252; disaffection in (1793),
268, 270, 340, 348 sq., 431; the Terror
at, 372; the "White Terror" at, 387;
trade of, 488; inhabitants of, declared
emigres, 502; military plot at, x 76;
Mazzini at, 121 ; Duchess of Berry lands
at, 488; rising at, 492 ; xi31; 114; 137;
land-bank at, 298; 302; Commune at,
503 ; working men's Congress at, xii 123 ;
430
Marsh, Francis, Archbishop of Dublin, and
Committee on Irish affairs, v 316
Marshall Islands, Germany and, xu 666 sq.
James, discovers gold in California,
vn 400
John, American jurist, vn 304
Stephen, Presbyterian leader, iv 359
Marsiglio of Padua, and the Papacy, i 655
Marsin, Comte Ferdinand de. Marshal of
France, v 409 sqq. ; 414 ; 416
Jean-Gaspard-Ferdinand, Comte de,
arrest of, iv 612 ; in Catalonia, 615 ; 618
Mars-la-Tour, xi 589; battle at, 590 sqq.;
594 sq. ;
Marston, John, English dramatist, ni 380
Marston Moor, battle of (1644), iv 312, 321
sqq., 327, 506
Marstrand, captured by Tordenskiold (1719),
V 583
Martaban, capture of, xi 728, 742
Martel, Louis- Joseph, Vice-President of the
French Assembly, xn 110
de, French rear-admiral (1673), v
195 sq.
Martell, Liberal Spanish priest, x 219
Martelli, Camilla, and Cosimo de' Medici,
m 396
Martens, Frederick de, jurist, xn 373 ; 721
General Index,
461
Martens, Georg Friedrich von, at the Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 583; 587, 609
Martha, Tsarevna, imprisonment of, v 525
Martignac, Jean-Baptiste-Silv^re-Gaye, Vi-
comte de, x 85; succeeds Vill^le, 92;
career and character of, ib. ; Ministry of,
93-6; 97; 153
Martin V {Otto Colonna), Pope, i 237, 646;
II 29 ; in 439
Alexandre (dit Albert). See Albert
C. E. D., jurist,, x 364
(of Strassburg), Edouard, xi99; 101;
110
Franpois, founder of Pondicherry, v
703
Henri, the History of France, x 514
Joseph, French deputy, vin 155
Josiah, Governor of N. Carolina, vii
173
Luther, Maryland deputy to the
Convention, vii 246, 250, 255, 270, 277,
281, 295, 297
Pierre, Comte, French admiral, vni
458 sq., 466
"Martin Marprelate" Controversy, m 344
sq.
Martineau family, of Norwich, vin 764
Harriet, and women's employment,
xn 762
Martinengo, Abbot, papal nuncio for Eng-
land, n 583, 586
Count Massimiliano Celso, Italian
Beformer, n 391
Sciarra, Savoyard general, in 24, 28 ;
416
Martinet, French infantry inspector, v
18
Martinez de la Kosa, Francisco, Spanish
statesman, X 219 ; 221; 224; Ministry of ,
234 sq. ; 236 sq.
de Campos, Arsenio, Spanish general,
xn 262; 264 sq.
Marina, Francisco, x 206; 219
Martini, Ferdinand Heinrich Wilhelm,
naturalist, vi 626; 635
Martiniana, Cardinal, ix 181
Martinique, settled by French, iv 758, vn
78 sq., 85; failure of English attack on,
V 60; a French possession, 687 sq., vii
96 sq., 107; vi 346; 348; 351; conquest
of (1762), 421, 426; ceded to France
(1763), 428; 453 sq.; and French Kevo-
lution, vm 193; taken by British (1794),
484, IX 749; restored to France (1801),
75; 221 sqq. ; 234; 238; blockade of
(1804), vn 327; reduced by British (1809),
IX 240, 752; restored to France (1815),
653 ; XII 652 sq. ; France and, 656
Martinitz, Jaroslav von, iii 727 ; and Letter
of Majesty, iv 16; Eegent in Bohemia,
18 sq.; the "defenestration" of, 20 sq.
Martinovics, Ignatius Joseph, Slav demo-
crat, vin 777
Martins, Domingues Jos6, revolutionary
leader in Brazil, x 312
Martinsburg, Patterson at, vn 465
Martinuzzi, George. See Grosswardein,
Bishop of
Martyr, Peter. See Vermigli
Peter, of Anghera. See Anghera
Martyrology , Crespin's, n 293
Marvell, Andrew, iv 767 sq. ; literary work
of, 774 sq.; vl32; 216; 218
Marx, Karl, in England, x 757; and early
English socialists, 778, 780, 782; xi 53;
Das Capital, xn 123; 124; 152; 252;
influence of, in Kussia, 329 ; propaganda
of, 758 sq.
Mary of Burgundy, Empress, consort of
Maximilian I. See Burgundy, Mary,
Duchess of
of Burgundy, Empress, consort of
Maximilian II (daughter of Charles V) , m
145; 166 sq.
I, Queen of England, i 53, 488,
489; n 42 sq., 53, 89; marriage of, 92
sq.; 274, 428, 445, 470; Protector
Somerset and, 485; 492, 499, 503; reign
of. Chap. XV passim ; death of, 559 ; m
167, 182, 184, 189, 260, 264, 476-7
II, Queen of England, V 44; 46; 128;
211 ; proposed marriage of, 213 ; marriage
of, 163, 219; and William III, 167;
coronation of, ib.; 239; 243; 249 sq. ;
proclaimed Queen, 251 ; character and
influence of, 258; death of, ib.; 261;
and Scottish Crown, 292 ; 315 ; vi
6 sq.
(of Modena), Queen of England, con-
sort of James II, marriage of, v 211;
232 ; 234 ; gives birth to a son, 241 sq. ;
flight of, to France, 247 sq. ; 255
Queen of Hungary. See Maria
(Tudor) , sister of Henry VIII, Queen
of France, i 456, 477, 481, 483 sq. ; mar-
riage of, with Charles Brandon, Duke of
Suffolk, n 560
(Stewart), Queen of Scotland, u 93;
birth of, 456, 555 ; proposed marriage of,
with Edward VI, 493, 556; 510; and
the English throne, 535; marriage of,
with Francis II, 548, 558; widowed,
580; returns to Scotland, 581, 595; Vol.
ni. Chap, vin, 243, 328, 350, 436, 478,
483-4, 489, 492, 498; recognises Philip
as her heir (1586), 502-3; 591, 760
Princess Eoyal of England (daughter
of Charles I). See Orange
(of Guise or Lorraine), Queen of
Scotland, consort of James V, marriage
of, n 455 ; 457, 486, 548, 555 sq. ; rule
of, 557; 567, 572 sq. ; death of, 577;
policy of, in 261 sqq. ; 266, 268
Mary Rose, The, loss of, n 460 ; and Henry
VIII' s naval policy, 472
Maryland, English colony of, iv 747; Laba-
dists in, v 756; vi 52; trade of, 447;
settlement of, vn 31-4; 53; political
conditions in, 54 sq. ; economic condi-
tions in, 55 sq. ; religious conditions in,
462
General Index,
58; disaffection in, 163; and confedera-
tion, 235; Constitution of, 240; and
Constitutional Convention, 246 sq., 255,
271, 281, 283, 286, 298, 300; and
trade regulations, 310; boundary of, 311;
slavery in, 403; and secession, 453 sq.,
470, 581 ; Lee invades (1862), 481 ; and
emancipation, 685 sq., 598
Masampo, xii 521 ; Japanese naval base at,
599
Masaniello. See Aniello
Mascaron, Jules, French preacher, v 79
Mascov, Johann Jacob, German historian,
XII 817
Masena, Barth at, xn 810
Masham, Abigail (Hill), Lady, v 465 sq,
Mashin, Colonel, Servian conspirator, xii
412
Mashonaland, xii 47; Matabele raids on,
639; 664
Masih Pasha, siege of Khodes by, i 84
Masino, Count of, in 412
Mason and Dixie line, The, vii 361
George, Virginian delegate at Con-
stitutional Convention (1787), Vol. vii,
Chap. VIII passim
James Murray, American envoy to
Europe, vii 470; xi 335; xii 18
Sir John, and Somerset's reforms,
n 496
Captain John (d. 1635), and settle-
ment of New Hampshire, vii 21, 31, 46
John (d. 1672), leader of expedition
against Pequods, vii 19
Masovia (province of Poland), in 76;
Election Diet of 1573 in, 85-7
Conrad, Duke of, v 630
Maspero, Gaston, Egyptologist, xn 845
Mass, abolition of, in Switzerland, n 321 ;
in England, 571; in Scotland, 579;
change of language in, in England, 482 ;
and First Prayer-Book of Edward VI, 484
sq.; discussion of, at Council of Trent, 679
Massa, duchy of, assigned to Este, ix 603
Isaac, Dutch writer on Eussia, v 513
Prince, Neapolitan insurrection and
(1657), IV 657 sq.
Massachusetts, settlement of, vn 13 sqq. ;
charter of, obtained (1629), iv 747, vii
15; control of, over Maine, 22, 24 sq.,
27; regicides in, 26; charter of, annulled,
28; and Governor Andros, 29; new
charter granted to, 30; population of, 54 ;
religious conditions in, 57 ; education in,
58; relations of, with Crown, 64 sqq.;
disaffection in, 152 sqq., 161 sqq.; writs
of assistance in, 177 sqq.; Constitution
of, 239 sqq.; and Constitutional Con-
vention, 245 sqq., 251, 255, 263 sq., 278,
292, 298 sq.; and Constitution, 303;
cessions in, 308; paper money in, 312
sq. ; elections in, for Annapolis Con-
vention, 314; 336; abolition in, 361,
388; manufactures in, 375 sq. ; and the
Tariff, 377; factory legislation in, xn 747
Massachusetts Bay, Assembly of, vi 439;
446 sq.
Company, iv 748, vn 15
Massari, Giuseppe, Neapolitan patriot, xi
536
Massaro, Vincenzio, Como priest, n 381
Mass-book, Swedish lOrdo Missae Sueticae),
n628
Mass^na, Andr6, Due de Eivoli, Prince
d'Essling, Marshal of France, vm 438;
and conquest of Italy, 443, 558, 566,
669, 674 sq., 578, 682; in Kome, 638; in
Switzerland, 661 sq.; ix 21; 47, 67-9,
61-2, 68, 70, 96; created Prince of
Essling, 112; Saint-Cyr joins, 193; 254;
convention proposed by, 257 ; marches on
Naples, 262; on Narew, 289; defends
Aspern against Austrians (May, 1809),
351 ; also (July, 1809), 353; helps Joseph
Bonaparte, 404 ; commands in Spain, 457 ;
army of, 458; besieges Almeida, 459; at
Torres Vedras, 460; occupies Coimbra,
461 ; retreats to Ciudad Eodrigo, 462-3 ;
operations of, 465; at Fuentes d'Onoro,
466
Massenbach, Christian von, Prussian
colonel, IX 279
Massey, Sir Edward, Presbyterian general,
IV 341
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste. See Clermont
Massin, forest of, vi 281 sq.
Massinger, Philip, English dramatist, ni
381
Massmann, H. F. M., at the Wartburg
festival, x 364
Masson, Frederic, French historian, xii 834
Massoneria, secret society in Italy, x 111
Massow, Ludwig Joachim Valentin von,
Marshal of the Prussian Court, xi 191
Massowah, Italian occupation of, xn 240,
444; assigned to Egypt, 439; 805
Mastai, Paolino, Monsignor, and Pius IX,
XI 72
Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria, Cardinal
Count. See Pius IX, Pope
Master, Sir Streynsham, in India, v 698
Masuda, leader of Choshiu warriors, xi
851 sq.; 855
Masulipatam, English factory at, iv 742,
V 703; ceded to the French, vi 539;
546; taken by the EngHsh, 548
Mataafa, King of Samoa, vn 662
Matabele, The, Boers massacred by, xi
781; 782
War, xn 639
Matabeleland, xn 47; 49; Cecil Ehodes
and, 638 sq.
Matamoras (Mexico), captured by Taylor
(1846), vn 394 sqq.
Matanzas, Bay of, Spanish treasure fleet
in the, iv 706; 707
Matari, Napier at, xi 737
Matelief, Cornells, Dutch admiral, ra 638
Math6, Felix, French politician, xi 139
Mathematics, history of. See Science
General Index.
463
Mather, Cotton, vn 726; Magnolia Ghristi
Americana^ 121 sq.; 729
Increase, Independent minister, vn
29, 729
Mathew, Father Theobald, x 677; influence
of, in Ireland, xi 8 ; 12
Mathews, Thomas, Admiral, vi 160; 237;
239
Mathias, Thomas James, poet, x 700
Mathon de La Cour, Charles Joseph, Col-
lection des comptes-rendus, vin 74
Mathy, Karl, Baden statesman, xi 61 sqq.;
145; 164; 166; at Gotha meeting, 221;
446
Matignon, Charles- Auguste de Goyon,
Count of (Comte de Gac6), Marshal
of France, vi 92
Royalist commander in French Ee-
ligious Wars, m 23, 40-1
Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, i 251, 260
Matra, James Maria, and New South
Wales, IX 736
Matricula (Imperial army tax^, i 317 sq.
Matsudaira, Japanese Councillor of State,
XI 832; 834
Matta, Chilian Minister of Foreign Affairs,
vn 666
Mattel, Alessandro, Cardinal, x 132; 139
Matthew of Vendome, on Pope's power, 1 654
Matthews, Henry. See LlandaS, Viscount
Matthias, Archduke, afterwards Emperor,
m 181 ; sovereignty of Netherlands
offered to, 248-9, 501, 687, 704; early
career of, 698, 700-2, 715; heads Arch-
dukes against Rudolf II, 718 sqq., 731
sqq.; crowned King of Bohemia, 734;
elected Emperor, iv 1; rule of, 2 sq.; 9;
and Diet of Eatisbon (1613), 10 sq. ; and
Klesl's policy, 13 sq.; Bohemian Protes-
tants and, 15; at Dresden, 17; in Hun-
gary, 18; 22; death of, 25
Corvinus, King of Hungary, i 70
sqq.; fails against Turks, 73; 81; con-
quests of, in Bohemia and Austria, 293,
335 sq. ; the Papacy and, 658; death
of (1490), 296, 336, 395; character of,
335; n 198; xi 421
Matthys, Jan, Anabaptist, n 225 sq.
Matto Grosso, province of, vi 390
Matun, British success at, xi 728
Maturin, Charles, writer, x 718
Matvieeff , Andrei, Russian envoy in London,
v595; 608
Artemon, Russian statesman, v 516
sqq.; murder of, 519
Matyiishenko, Russian mutineer, xn 355
Matyushkin, General, captures Baku, v 545
Maubeuge, ceded to France, v 45 ; and
Barrier Treaties, 458; siege of (1793),
vni 431 sq.
Mauburnus (Johannes Momboir) of Brother-
hood of Common Life, n 657
Maud, Queen of Norway, xn 290
Maudslay, Henry, and the screw-cutting
lathe, X 734
Mauguin, Francois, French deputy, x 91;
476; 478; 480; and Algiers, 503; 508
Maumee Rapids, Indians defeated on the
(1794), vn 357
Maundsaur, Treaty of, xi 726
Maupas, Charlemagne-lfemile de. Prefect
of Haute-Garonne, xi 134 sqq.; 141;
Minister of Police, 291 sq.
Maupeou , Ren6 - Nicolas - Charles - Augustin
de. Chancellor of France, vi 356 sqq.;
vin 82
Maurepas, Jean-Fr^d^ric Ph^lypeaux, Count
de, French statesman, vi 113; 535; vm
82, 87, 89, 94 sq.; death of, 96
Maurer, George Ludwig von, German
historian, xii 850
Maurevel, Charles de Louvier, Seigneur de,
murderer of Mouy, in 19
Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse- Cassel. See
Hesse-Cassel
Prince of Nassau- Orange. /Sfee Orange
Prince Palatine. See Palatine
of Savoy, Cardinal. See Savoy
Frederick Denison, xn 740
Maurienne, occupied by Lesdigui^res, m
673
Mauritius, vi 133; the French in, 534 sq.;
and French Revolution, vm 194; French
colonial expedition to, ix 80; reduced
(1810) by British, 240, 732, 754; retained
(1814), 564, 576, 735, 755; Tipu's envoys
to, 721
Mauritsstad, Dutch capital in Brazil, iv
708
Maurus, Rabanus, Abbot of Fulda, influ-
ences monastic studies, i 535
Maury, Jean- Siff rein. Cardinal, afterwards
Archbishop of Paris (Abb6 Maury), vm
173, 748; ix 181; member of Eccle-
siastical Commission, 196; and vacant
French sees, 198-9
Mautern, Kutusoff at, ix 257
Mauthausen, Elector Charles Albert of
Bavaria at, vi 232
Mauve, Anton, Dutch painter, xn 249
Mauvillon, Major Jacob, German author,
vin 150
Mavrocordato, Alessandro, Prince, x 181;
506; XI 279
Maxen, Prussian defeat at, vi 294 sq.
Maxim the Greek, v 508
Maximilian I, King of the Romans and
Emperor-Elect, i 92; Chap, iv passim:
failure of, in Italy (1496), 172; Chap
IX passim ; Hungary and, 336, 339
Eastern policy of, 343 sq. ; 363 sq.
marries Mary of Burgundy, 391 sq.:
allied with Britanny, 393 sqq., 442-62:
hostile to Henry VII, 467, 470; Treaty
of, with Henry VII, 475, 477; Henry VIH
and, 481 sqq., 487, 490; the Papacy and,
672, 690; and Council of Pisa, n 29;
death of, 37, 40, 139; 39; 132 sq.,
176, 198; m 716; iv 36; v 487; 624;
635
29—2
46^
General Index.
Maximilian II, Emperor (Archduke of
Austria), n 267, 269, 537, 681 ; ni 15, 20,
91 sq. ; Polish candidature of, 95-101;
treaty with Solyman II, 125, 130-1, 147,
149, 153, 161, 164; character of, 165 sqq.;
religious views of, 167 sqq.; the reign
of, 169 sqq.; death of, 181, 218, 224,
238, 252, 395-6, 698, 703, 706, 716
I (Maximilian Joseph), King of Ba-
varia (1805), vni 648, 776; joins France,
IX 253; recognised as King, 262; 265,
268; at Congress of Vienna, 682; x 359
II, King of Bavaria, accession of, xi
146; 200; and Hesse-Cassel, 229; 397;
XII 827
Emperor of Mexico (Ferdinand Maxi-
milian Joseph, Archduke), Governor of
Lombardo-Yenetia, VII 535 ; xi374; 377;
proclaimed Emperor, 477; 479; death
of, 483 sq. ; 565 ; xn 676 sq.
Archduke, Governor of Tyrol and
Anterior Austria, in 450, 687; early
career of, 698 sqq.; renunciation by, of
claim to Polish throne (1592), 714; 719;
723; 725; 729, 731; iv 1; 10; at the
Reichstag of Linz, 11; 13; 22 sq.; death
of (1618), 26; and Polish succession
(1587), 168
Ernest, Archduke, of Styria, in 719
Henry. See Cologne
Joseph, Elector of Bavaria. See
Bavaria
Maxwell, James Clerk, xn 785 sqq.
Kobert, Lord, invades England
(1542), n 456
Maybach, Prussian Minister of Public
Works, xn 157
Mayence. See Mainz
Mayenfeld, Protestants at, iv 52; 55;
Austrian garrison in, 56; 58
Mayenne, occupied by the Vendeans, vm
355
Charles de Lorraine, Duke of, Gene-
ral of Catholic League, in 32, 36 sq.,
40 sq., 46, 48, 50, 52; and assassination
of Elizabeth, 288 ; 414 sq. ; self-seeking
of, 511 sq. ; 659 ; struggle of, with
Henry IV, 661 sqq.; accepts Henry IV,
668; serves him, 673, 675, 679
Henri de Lorraine, Duke of, iv 119 ;
124; in Guienne, 126 sq., 625
See also Maine
Mayflower, pilgrims of the, iv 747
Mayhew, Jonathan, Boston minister, vn
144
Maynard, Francois, French poet, v 69
Sir John, and the Eevolution settle-
ment, V 249 sq.
Mayne, Cuthbert, in 287
Mayneville, factotum of the Guises in Paris,
ni47
Maynooth, College of, established, ix 700;
XI 9; xn 67; 71
Maynwaring, Bishop of St David's. See
Manwaring
Mayo, County, boycotting in, xn 38; 89
Bichard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl
of, Governor-General of India, xn 458;
and Sher Ali, 460 sq.; rule of, 462;
assassinated, 463; 464; 468; 478; 482
Mayow, John, chemist, v 728; 732
Mayr, Martin, n 29
Mazandevan, ceded to Russia, v 545
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, iv 138; succeeds
Bichelieu, 152, 388, 399; and Civil War
in England, 328; 334; and Charles I,
336; 338; and Bavaria, 391 sq.; 402;
and Treaty of Westphalia, 405 sq.;
426; policy of, 429 sqq.; and Rheinhund,
431 ; Vaudois persecution and, 439 ; 540 ;
542; see Chap, xxi; 656; 658; political
difficulties of, 659; 660; and Anne of
Austria, 702 ; and William II of Orange,
727; 754; and Louis XIV, v 1; 5; and
Fouquet, 6; 14; and marriage of Louis
XIV, 19 ; policy of, 32 ; 106 ; and Claren-
don, 199; and Leopold I, 338; 756; vm
36; IX 93
Michel (brother of the Cardinal), in
Catalonia, iv 600
Mazarini, Giulio. See Mazarin, Jules
Mazar-i-Sharif, death of Sher Ali at, xii
470
Mazarquivir, Spanish possession, vi 380
Mazaruni river, gold discovered in, xn 654
Mazas, prison of, xi 136
Mazeievich, Arseni, Archbishop of Eostov,
VI 679
Mazepa, Ivan, Cossack Hetman, v 596
sqq. ; and Charles XII, 599 ; and Peter
the Great, 599 sqq. ; 601 sqq.
Mazochi, Jacopo, Epigrammata, i 549
Mazza, Antonio, secretary to Venetian
Embassy in England, n 513
Mazzini, Giuseppe, x 106; at Genoa, 117;
and "Young Italy," 121-2; and literary
movement in Italy, 126, 127, 128; 166;
378 ; 483 ; xi 65 ; Giovine Italia, 67, 69 ;
appeals to Pius IX, 78 ; in Florence, 91 ;
in Eome, 93 sq. ; 121 sq. ; and French
intervention, 125; 245; 351; 366; in
Milan, 372; 374; and Genoa rebellion,
375; in London, 376; 377; 380; and
Sicilian Eevolution, 388 sq.; 391 ; Eicasoli
and, 531; 532; and King Victor Em-
manuel, 537 sq.; 539; 542; 547; 705;
xn 214
Mazzolini, Sylvester (Prierias), and Luther's
Theses, n 131, 138
Mazzoni, Giuseppe, Tuscan triumvir, xi 91
Meade, George Gordon, commands Army
of the Potomac, vn 487 sqq.; 510; and
campaign in east (1864), 514, 516 sq.;
at Petersburg, 537
Meadows, Sir William, General, in India,
VI 469; 475
Meagher, Thomas Francis, Irish Nationalist,
XI 13
M^an, Francois- Antoine, Comte de. See
Malines, Archbishop of
General Index,
465
Meath, English in, in 580
Meaux, the preachers of, and the Sorbonne,
n 283 ; execution of the Fourteen of, 290 ;
Cond6 at, in 1; Parma at, 49; conces-
sions granted to, 666; the Enterprise
of, 9
Guillaume de Brigonnet, Bishop of,
I 674 ; II 282 sq.
Jacques-B6nigne Bossuet, Bishop of,
and Montaigne, v 64 sq.; and Descartes,
65; 66; and Cartesianism, 73; 74; 76;
as a preacher, 80; 81; 84; and dispute
with the Papacy, 85 sq. ; writings of,
86; and the Huguenots, 86; 87; and
F^nelon, 88; 90; 743; vin 6; Exposi-
tion de la Foi Catholique, x 160; xn
848
Mecca, i 91 ; pilgrim route to, v 699 ; cap-
ture of (1804), IX 387; taken byMehemet
Ali (1811), X 547; cholera brought by
pilgrims from, xn 439, 452; 806
Mechlin. See Malines
Mechnikoff, Elias, Eussian pathologist, xn
780
Mecklenburg, Gustavus in, iv 196, 199,
204; Peace of Prague and, 253; and
compact at Stuhmsdorf, 366; 374; 378;
claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick, 403 sq. ;
418; V 435; Stenbock in, 608; 610 sq. ;
667; Russian force in, vi 26; 28; 34;
Peter the Great and, 206; 220; 267;
276; Swedish troops in, 280; 742; con-
stitutional system of, x 363; and Zoll-
verein, 379; reaction in, xi 397
Dukes of, on Protestant side, m 157,
^ 704, IV 98 sqq.; 104; 116; 194; 197;
restoration of, 203 sq.; and the Kurmark,
V 618. See also Mecklenburg- Schwerin
and Mecklenburg-Giistrow
Albert, Duke of, n 230, 615
George, Duke of, n 269 sq., 273
Henry, Duke of, n 196, 203
Johann Albrecht I, Duke of, n
270
Mecklenburg-Giistrow, Gustavus Adolphus,
Duke of, V 663
Duke John Albert of, submits to
Emperor Ferdinand H, iv 101
Mecklenburg- Schwerin, becomes Lutheran,
II 238 ; X 343 ; and Germanic Confedera-
tion, 344; and tariff reform, 373; xi 59;
revolutionary movement in, 150 sq.
Duke Adolphus Frederick of, submits
to Emperor Ferdinand II, iv 101 ; obtains
Schwerin and Ratzeburg by Treaty of
Westphalia, 407-8
Catharine, Duchess of, v 550
Elizabeth Catharine Christina, Prin-
cess of. See Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel,
Princess Anna Leopoldovna of
Charles Leopold, Duke of, v 550;
611 sq. ; VI 26
Frederick, Duke of, vi 266
Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of,
X 373
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Frederick Francis
II, Grand Duke of, xi 150 ; in Franco-
German War, 603 sqq., 607, 610
Princess of, proposed as bride of
Gustavus IV Adolphus of Sweden, ix 38
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Swedish troops in, vi
280 ; X 343 ; and Germanic Confederation,
344 ; XI 69 ; revolutionary movement in,
150 sq.
Charles, Prince of, x 350; 376
George, Grand Duke of, xi 151
M^dard, St, miracles of, v 91
Medellin, battle of (1809), ix 450-1
Medemblik, William II of Orange and, iv
725
Medicean conspiracy, The (1497), i 175
sq.
Medici, House of. Vol. n. Chap, i passim \
Florence restored to, n 60
Alessandro de', Duke of Florence, n
25, 60; m 187; murdered (1537), n 72,
in 387
Catharine de'. See Catharine de'
Medici, Queen of France
Cosimo de' C^ Pater Patriae**), con-
vent of San Marco established by, i 145 ;
150, 164 sq.; libraries founded by, 552;
n 3 sq.; Platonic Academy of Florence
and, 702
Cosimo I de'. Grand Duke of Tus-
cany. See Tuscany
Garzia de', death of (1562), m 395
Giovanni de'. See Leo X, Pope
Giovanni de', son of Grand Duke
Cosimo I, Cardinal, early death of, m
390, 395
Giovanni de' (delle Bande Nere), n
44, 48, 50, 54, 61; m 387; iv 36
Giovanni Angelo de'. See Pius IV
Giuliano de' (brother of Lorenzo
the Magnificent) , murder of, i 186, 661 ;
n 22
Giuliano de' (son of Lorenzo the
Magnificent), i 140, 199, 217; n 15
Giulio de'. See Clement VII, Pope
Ippolito de'. Cardinal, n 26
Isabella de', wife of Paolo Giordano
Orsini, murder of, iii 396, 427
Lorenzo de' (the Magnificent), death
of, closes an epoch, i 104, 110; 141;
Savonarola and, 147 sqq.; 158, 176, 217;
Innocent VIII and, 223 sqq. ; Platonic
Academy and, 559, 702; 661; n 3, 8,
22; m 387 sq.; 390; 894; poetry of,
458 sq. ; 470
Lorenzo de' (grandson of Lorenzo
the Magnificent), n 13
Lorenzino de', ni 387
Lucrezia de', daughter of Cosimo I,
m 395
Ludovico de', Duke of Sarto, Nea-
politan statesman, x 143
Piero de' (son of Lorenzo), i 110,
113, 127, 148 sqq., 166, 174, 185, 193,
228, 230
466
General Index,
Medici, Pietro de' (son of Cosimo I), iii
397 sq.
Medicine, science of, in Bussia, under
Peter the Great, v 531; and Surgery,
advance of, xii 778 sqq. See also Science
Medina, capture of (1804), ix 387; taken
by Mehemet Ali (1811), x 547
Medina-Celi, Juan Francisco Tomas de la
Cerda, 8th Duke of, Spanish statesman,
V 35
Luis de la Cerda, 6th Duke of, in the
Netherlands, in 234 ; defeated off Tripoli,
486
Medina del Campo, Peace of (1489), i 467
Sidonia, Alfonso Perez de Guzman,
7th Duke of, commands Armada, in
308-15, 505 sqq., 521; iv 652 sq.
Meditationes de prima philosophia, iv 779 ;
782
Mediterranean Sea, power of the Saracens
in, I 9; Muslim pirates in, n 68 sq.; war
in (1536), 72; Sultan's power in, in
540; French supremacy in, v 44, 53, 61;
British fleet in (1694), 61 sq., 426; Dutch
fleet in, 161 ; England and, 262, 419, 694 ;
the Turks in, 349; France and, 404; the
Allies in, 411 sqq. ; British fleet in, vi 32 ;
239 ; 337 ; 350 ; suppression of piracy in,
381 ; 452 ; British trade with, vii 1 ; cam-
paign in (1792-6), viii 456; the British
abandon (1796), 461, 583, 598, 643; the
struggle for (1798-9), Chap, xx; British
surrender of posts on (1802), ix 77; xii
239; Italy and, 241; 430; 703
Medjerda, valley of, the French in, xii
129
Medun, Turks defeated at, xii 387
Medway, the Dutch in the (1667), v 113,
150 sq., 172, 188 sq.
Meerman, John, embassy of, to England,
V 152
Meerset, Colonel van der, defeats the
Austrians at Turnhout, vi 652
Meerut, mutiny at, xi 746 sq.
Meeus, Ferdinand, x 536
Meghem, Charles de Brimeu, Count of,
m 194 sq.; 203; 206; 211; 213; 223
Mehedia (headquarters of Mediterranean
pirates), captured by Spain (1550), ii 86
M^hee de la Touche, arrives in London
(1803), IX 28
Mehemet, Pasha of Aleppo, x 550
Ali, Pasha of Egypt, Vol. x, Chap.
XVII passim ; 172 ; 176 ; aids Sultan against
Greeks, 180 sq.; 189 ; evacuates the Morea,
201 ; 494 ; 512 sq. ; xi 636 ; xn 429 ; and
railway construction, 430 ; 432 ; 439 ; 451 ;
and education, 453; revolt of, 728
Ali, Ottoman commander, xii 388;
394; murdered, 401
Ruchdi, Grand Vizier, xn 385
Mehidpur, engagement at, xi 726
Mehlen,,Bernhard von, n 623
Mehul, Etienne-Henri, ix 134-5
Meier, family of (in Luzern), vi 625
Meier, Jacob, of Basel, n 334
Sebastian, Zwinglian Eeformer, n
327
Meikle, Andrew, and the threshing-machine,
x741
Meilhan, Senac de, vm 9
Meinders, Franz von, Brandenburg Privy
Councillor, v 663
Meissen, Allies at, ix 518
Johannes von Maltitz, Bishop of, n
238, 243
M^jean, Comte Etienne, sent to help the
Viceroy of Italy, ix 395
Mekong river, exploration of, xn 131, 524,
796 sq.; 485; 536
Mekran, caravan route to, xn 793
Melanchthon, Philip, Discourse, i 574;
at Wittenberg, n 132; 162; 189; Loci
Communes, 165, 233, 380; and Peasants'
Eising, 193; 194, 212; attempts concilia-
tion, 213; at Diet of Ratisbon, 240-4;
250, 265 sq.; French Reformers and, 285
sq.; 402, 698, 713; death of (1560), in
140; influence of, on Elector Augustus of
Saxony, 150; and Flacius, 162; 167; 179;
and exorcism, 711; and monasticism,
741 sq.
Melander, Count Peter von Holzapfel,
Hessian general, in Westphalia, iv 247;
peace policy of, 380 ; 383 ; succeeds Gallas,
392 sq.
Melanesia, partition of, xn 667
Melas, Michael F. Benedict, Austrian
general, vni 558, 659, 663; in Italy, ix
57 sq.; and Marengo, 62 sq.
Melas, Paul, Greek leader in Macedonia,
xn 426
Melbourne, founding of, xi 792; 795; in-
dustries of, XII 623 ; 624 sq. ; University
of, 627
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount, vii
391; X 570; and parliamentary reform,
603; 614; career and character of, 664
sq. ; Ministry of, 664 sqq. ; dismissal of,
666 ; second Ministry of, 668 sqq. ; and
Brougham, 668; 674; and Queen Vic-
toria, 675; resumes oflice (1839), 678;
resigns, 680; and the Queen's marriage,
681 ; and Trades Unions' demonstration,
682; XI 15; 20; 731; xn 734; 736
Melchthal, Arnold von, xi 261
Melcombe, George Bubb Dodington, Lord,
VI 424 sq. ; 427
Meldrum, Sir John, iv 314; at Newark,
321
Melegnano, battle at, xi 383
Melendez, Valdes, Spanish poet, vm 783
Melfort, John Drummond, Earl of, v 289;
308
Melgar, Fadrique Henriquez, 2nd Count
of, hereditary Admiral of Castile (1520),
I 374
Luis Henriquez de Cabrera, Count
of (later Duke of Medina del Rio Seco),
Admiral of Castile, v 35
General Index,
467
Melgar, Juan Tomas Enriquez de Cabrera,
Count of (Duke of Medina del Kio Seoo) ,
Admiral of Castile, v 35
Melikoff. See Loris-MelikofE
Melilla, Moorish attack on, vi 374; Arab
raids near, xi 564
Meline, F61ix-Jules, French statesman, xn
99 ; 119 ; and the Dreyfus case, 120, 126
Jules, French politician, xi 502
Mellifont, submission of Tyrone at, ni
609
Mellini, Celso, n 16
Mello, Francisco de, Portuguese ambassador
to England, v 105
Melo, Francisco de, Spanish general, at
Eocroi, IV 594
Melouna pass, fighting in, xn 421
Melun, Edict of (1533), n 285
Vicomte de, xi 120
Melville Island, xi 790; explorers at, xn
814
Melville, Andrew, n 691; ni 550-1; 743;
757
Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount, vi 465
sq.; Treasurer of the Navy, 468; 581;
Home Secretary, vm 297 sq. ; First Lord
of the Admiralty, ix 217 ; vote of censure
on, 222; resignation of, 223; and Lough-
borough, 673 ; and Catholic emancipation,
678 sq. ; Addington and, 682 ; resignation
of, 684; and India, 710; 716-7, 724, 729;
and Francisco Miranda, x 280
Melzi d'Eril, Francis, Duke of Lodi, vm
779 ; IX 84 sqq. ; 190, 192 ; correspond-
ence of, 393; Napoleon and, 394
Mem el, Swedish possession, rv 186; Truce
of Altmark and, 187 ; Treaty of Konigs-
berg and, 428 ; v 630 ; dues of, 638, 641 ;
VI 264 ; blockaded, 409 ; Frederick Wil-
liam and Alexander I at (1802), ix 256;
285; peace negotiations at (1807), 287;
297 ; 327 ; Edict of Emancipation signed
at (1807), 330; and Milan Decree, 368
Memling, Hans, Flemish painter, i 433
Memmingen, meeting of leaders of peasants
at (1525), n 179 sq.; 205; Tetrapolitana
and, 212; Zwinglian Congress at (1531),
216
Memminger, Christopher Gustavus, Con-
federate Secretary of Treasury, vn 604,
606 sq., 613 sq.
Memphis, Spanish claim to, vn 315 ;
Polk's headquarters at, 458; captured by
Federals (1862), 498 sq. ; Hurlbut at,
510; 551
Menabrea, Federigo Luigi, Italian states-
man, XI 542 sq.
Menam river.blockaded, xn 49 ; 534 ; French
blockade of, 536 ; explored, 796 sqq.
M6nard, Philippe-Komain, French general,
vm 639
Mendel, Gregor, Abbot of Briinn, experi-
ments of, XII 766 ; 776 sq.
Mendel^eff, Dmitri Iwanowitsch, chemist,
xn 770; 790
Mendel^yeff, Eussian writer, xn 321
Mendizabal, Juan Alvarez, Spanish states-
man, X 215 ; 234 ; Ministry of, 236 sq. ;
326; 332; xi 555 sq.
Mendoza, Bernardino de (2nd son of Alonso
Suarez de Mendoza, Count of Coruna),
Spanish ambassador, in France, m 42,
46, 49, 52; in England, 288-91; dis-
missed by Elizabeth, 290-1, 299, 301
Diego Hurtado de, royalist com-
mander against Spanish rebels, i 377
Diego Hurtado de (son of 1st Mar-
quis of Mond^jar), poet and diplomatist,
manuscripts of, i 613; in Italy, n 82
sqq., 88
Francisco Hurtado de (son of 3rd
Marquis of Mond^jar), Admiral of Ara-
gon, m 634; taken prisoner (1600), 636
Francisco Xavier de, Portuguese
statesman, vi 385
Inigo Hurtado de (Bishop of Burgos^,
Imperial ambassador to England (1528),
n 429
Pedro (Pero) Gonzalez Hurtado de,
Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo (d. 1495),
I 355; 651; (Bishop of Sigiienza), 658;
ni 399
P. G. de. Bishop of Salamanca. See
Salamanca
y Talavera. See Granada, Arch-
bishop of
Menelik II, Emperor of Abyssinia, xn 240
sq.; 343
Men^ndez y Pelayo, Marcelino, Spanish
historian, xn 269; 842
Mengaud, A., Swiss patriot, vm 639
M§ng-tzu, opened to foreign trade, xn 506
Menin, Dutch garrison in, v 63 ; surrenders
to Marlborough (1706), 416; the Barrier
Treaties and, 457 sqq. ; Marshal Saxe in,
VI 240; French victory at (1794), vm 435
Meno, Pr^gent, Perkin Warbeck and, i 468
Menot, Michel (Franciscan preacher), n
280
Menotti, Ciro, x 119-20; 126; 483
Menou, Baron Jacques-FranQois de, French
general, vin 389, 396 sq., 599, 603, 616
sqq. ; ix 397 ; and Tuscany, 399 ; capitu-
lates in Egypt, 438
Mensdorff - Pouilly , Count Alexander,
General, Austrian Foreign Minister, xi
444; 448
Menshikoff, Alexander Danilovich, Eussian
statesman and general, v 625 ; 547 ; 549 ;
and the succession to Catharine I, 551 sq.;
administration of, 554; banishment and
death of, 553; 594 sq. ; 597 sqq.; vi
302
Alexander Sergeievich, Prince, xi
306; mission of, to Constantinople, 313
sq., 316; in the Crimea, 817, 319
Maria, v 552; 654
Mentana, Garibaldi defeated at, xx 486 sq. ;
643
Menting, Ludwig, financier, x 607
468
General Index,
Menzala, Lake of, xn 431
Menzel, Saxon official, vi 254
Menzies of Sbian, vi 113
Menzini, Benedetto, Italian poet, v 69
Meppen, Charles Lewis at, iv 378
Mequinenza, captured by Suchet (1810), ix
457
Meran in Tyrol, peasants' parliament at,
n 184
Mercantilism, Walpole and, vi 48 sqq. ; and
English Revolution of 1688, v 264; and
Continental System, ix 361 sqq.; Adam
Smith's criticism of, x 764 sqq. See also
Trade
Mercantini, Luigi, Italian poet, xi 545
Mercator, Gerard, v 716
Mercedes, Queen of Alfonso XII of Spain,
xn 264
Mercer, John, Maryland deputy at Con-
stitutional Convention (1787), vn 246,
278
Merchant Adventurers, The English, i 429,
508
Mercier de Lostende, French ambassador
at Madrid, xi 571
de la Riviere, F.-F.-J.-H., "Econo-
mist," VIII 23 sq.
Mercoeur, Philippe-Emmanuel of Lorraine,
Duke of, a leader of the League, ni 661,
663, 666, 668; holds Nantes, 675
Laure Mancini, Duchess of, marriage
of, IV 609, 612
Louis, Duke of. See Vendome,
Louis, Duke of
Mercy, Field-Marshal Franz von, commands
Bavaro-Imperialist army, iv 388 sqq. ;
597
Count Claude Florimond, Austrian
field-marshal, campaign of 1709, v 425,
VI 615, 623; killed, 154
Mercy- Argenteau, Count Florimond Claude
von, Austrian diplomatist, and Marie-
Antoinette, VI 644; VIII 189
Count Florimond Claude von (brother
of above), Austrian general, vni 558, 565
sq., 572
Mere, Jean Pol trot de, in 5
Mereczko, Peter the Great at, v 596
Meredith, George, xi 361; xii 13
Merezhkovsky, Dmitry S., Russian writer,
xn 333
Meridian (Mississippi), Sheridan's expedi-
tion against, vii 520
Merilhou, Joseph de, x 480
M6rim6e, Prosper, x 101-2 ; xi 520 sq.
M^rindol, Conference of Protestant churches
at (1560), II 297
Merinville, C.-F. de M. de. See Chartres,
Bishop of
Merlin (of Douai), Comte Philippe Antoine,
vni 249, 350, 378, 380 sq. ; Minister of
Justice, 490, 496, 503, 507 sq. ; Director,
510, 669; criminal code of, 746
(of Thionville), Antoine -Christophe,
vni 249, 366, 415, 422
Merlot, Abb^, President of the Commune,
vm 733
Mermillod, Gaspard, cur6 of Geneva, xi
258
Merode, Comte Felix de, x 635 sqq.
Merode, Saverio de, Monsignor, xi 389;
705
Merrimac, The, vn 455; and the Monitor
(1862), 472, 496, 560 sqq.; abandoned,
474; design of, 660
Merritt, Wesley, American general, vn 679 ;
Governor of Philippines, xn 630
Merry, Robert, English dramatist, x 699
British charge d'affaires at Copen-
hagen (1800), IX 45
Mersch, Jean Andr6 van der, Belgian
general, vm 328
Merseburg, Frederick the Great at, vi 270;
271
Mers-el-Kebir, conquered by Spain (1505),
I 365
Mersenne, Father Marin, iv 779
Mertz, Friedrich Wilhelm von, Austrian
field-marshal, xi 184
M^ru, Charles de Montmorency, Seigneur
de, in 22, 25; 29; 32
Merv, XII 343 ; Russian occupation of, 477 ;
793
Merveldt, Maximilian, Count von, Austrian
general, vni 582, 584
Merven, Henry van der, defends Heidel-
berg, IV 82
Mery-sur-Seine, fighting at (1814), ix 549
Mesdag, Hendrik Willem, Dutch painter,
XII 249
Meseritz, General Fermor at, vi 279
Meshcherski, Prince Peter, Procurator-
General of the Synod, x 424
Meshed, caravan route to, xn 793
Mesnager, Nicolas, French diplomatist, v
420; 430; 432; 439
Mesonero Romanes, Ramdn de, x 217 ; 219
Mesopotamia, annexed to Ottoman empire
(1516), I 91; conquered by Selim I, in
117; Russian and British agents in, x
556; Turkey and, xn 4; 774
Mespelbrunn, Julius Echter von. See
Wiirzburg
Messejana, Duke of Terceira in, x 333
Messenger of Europe, Russian journal, xn
298
Messenhauser, Wenzel, commander of the
Viennese National Guard, xi 188 sq.
Messenia, insurrections in, xi 279
Messenius, Arnold, iv 576
Messina, straits of, Barbarossa in, ni 109 ;
fleet of Triple Alliance sails from, 135;
returns to, 136; return of Doria's fleet
to, 541; naval battle off (1675), v 162;
VI 32 sq. ; Spanish occupation of, 153 ;
political feeling at, ix 381 ; rising at,
XI 79 sq. ; 85 ; capture of, 92
Meszaros, Lazar, General, Hungarian
Minister of War, xi 204; 210; 213; at
Widdin, 215
,
General Index,
4G9
Metacam (Philip) , Pokanchet chief, vn 27 sq.
Metaphysical Society, founded, xn 774
Metastasio, Pietro Bonaventura, xi 423
Metaxas, Greek party of, x 506
Metcalfe, Sir Charles TheophUus Metcalfe,
1st Lord, and Eanjit Singh, ix 732; in
India, xi 729, 731; Governor of Canada,
759, 767
Metella, Cecilia, tomb of, in 443-4
Metemma, Gordon relief expedition at, xn
442; 443; 805
Methodists, and Conventicle Act, v 336 sq.;
the Wesleys and, Vol. vi, Chap, n (2)
'passim
Methuen, John, ambassador extraordinary
to Portugal, V 412
Sir Paul, English ambassador to
Spain, v 378; 412
Paul Sanford Methuen, Lord,
general, in South Africa, xn 642
Treaty (1703), v 412; vi 386 sq. ;
vin 284 sq.
Methven, Henry Stewart, Lord, marriage
of, with Margaret Tudor, n 454
Methwold, William, iv 733; 745
Metternich, Melanie, Princess, x 380; xi
154
Metternich-Winneburg, Clement W. N. L.,
Prince of, vm 429, 641; ix 242; 309-10,
316; policy of, 320; 341-3; and war
with France, 344; peace influence of,
359; after Stadion's retirement, 360;
policy of, 507; 521-2, 528, 542-3, 546,
555 ; proposes a congress at Vienna, 564 ;
and Fouche, 573 ; signs Treaty of Chau-
mont, 577; at Congress of Vienna, 580
sqq. ; 646 sqq. ; and Napoleon's envoy,
618 ; and French frontier, 664 ; and Holy
Alliance, 665; Oriental policy of, 668;
671 ; X 7 ; 9 ; and Holy Alliance, 10 ; 13 ;
at Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle, 14 sqq.;
20 ; distrusts Kussia, 21 ; repressive policy
of, 22 sq. ; and the revolts in Spain and
Naples, 23-7 ; at Conference of Troppau,
27 sq. ; influence of, over the Tsar, 34 ;
and policy of Great Britain, 37; and
intervention in Naples, 72, 113; Italian
policy of, 105, 106, 120, 130, 483; and
Count Confalonieri, 118; and Cardinal
Consalvi, 135 sq. ; 151; and the Sanfe-
dists, 135 ; policy of, towards Papacy, 144
sq., 150; in Eome, 145; and ecclesiastical
affairs in Germany, and Bavaria, 145-6 ;
and Congress of Verona, 151 ; and French
intervention in Papal States, 156; and
Italian independence, 165 ; and Greek
revolt, 176, 179, 182 sq., 187 sq., 193
sqq. ; conference of, with Castlereagh, 184 ;
and the independence of Greece, 188, 201,
203; and Spanish affairs, 35, 225, 230,
237; and German unity, 340; and the
Diet, 345 sq., 347; and Prussian politics,
351 sq., 355; and Austrian conservatism,
356 sqq. ; foreign policy of, 358 ; and
France, i&. ; and King Frederick I of
Wiirtemberg, 360; and Baden, 148 sq.,
362 ; 363 sq. ; dominant position of,
365; and murder of Kotzebue, tfe. ; at
Teplitz Conference, 366 ; and Carlsbad
meeting, il. ; and Conference at Vienna
(1819), 367 sq.; height of prosperity of,
370; and Hambach demonstration, 375;
and the principle of intervention, 376;
and Hanoverian absolutism, 380; 382;
and Dom Miguel, 321 ; and Polish revolu-
tion, 473 ; and French revolution of 1830,
481 ; Louis-Philippe and, 494 ; 505 ; and
the French occupation of Ancona, 506;
and Convention of Miinchengratz, 557;
and the Eastern Question, 31 sqq., 563
sq., 572; and Palmerston, xi 17; 39; 41;
44 ; and Prussia, 48 ; 56 ; and Italy, 71 ;
and Pius IX, 75, 77 sq.; fall of, 81;
143; 152; 153; resignation and flight
of, 154; 233; and Bern, 236; and
Switzerland, 244 sq., 249 sq. ; 658; and
Gregory XVI, 703; 708; xn 829
Metz, occupied by the French (1552), n 87,
144 ; siege of, by Charles V, 87, 273 sq. ;
bishopric of, ceded to France, iv 404;
602; Parlement of, v 4, vm 47, 745;
and States General, 125; French army
at (1792), 407, 409; xi 464; Bazaine
in, 496; 580; Napoleon IH at, 582;
French army in (1870), 588 sqq.; German
advance on, 599; capitulation of, 498,
603 ; 604 ; ceded by France, 612, xn 136
Metzenheim, Hans (Bogbinder), adviser of
Christian II, n 604
Metzler, George, leader of Peasants' Eising,
n 182, 187
Metzovo, and Greek frontier, xn 403
Meucci, Filippo, Italian song- writer, xi 645
Meudon, royalists at, ni 657
Meulan, besieged by Mayenne, m 48
Meurs, siege of (1597), ni 629; recaptured
by Maurice (1601), 636
Meurthe, arrests in, xi 138
Meuse river, campaign on, v406 sq.; Charles
of Lorraine at, vi 247 ; 248 ; and Holland,
X 519 ; navigation of, 543 sq. ; xi 589 sqq.;
German army corps at, 594 ; Macmahon's
march to, 595 sqq.
Mevissen, Gustav, German Liberal leader,
XI 53
Mexico, races inhabiting, i 38 sq. ; mineral
wealth of, 40, 518; discovery of, 41
sqq. ; 52 sq. ; religion of, 61 ; Catholic
Church in, 60 sq. ; v 375 ; Spanish rule
in, 681 sqq. ; 688 ; Indian slavery in, 692 ;
VI 183 ; and Napoleon III, 352 ; boundary
of, vn 362; Eepublic of, 368; at war
with United States (1846), 391, 394 sqq.,
406; makes peace (1848), 397; California
and, 402 ; land purchased from, 405, 426;
the French in (1865), 535, 635; city of ,
American march on (1847), vii 396 sq.;
occupied, i&. ; administration in, x 246
sq., 248, 252; University of, 247; the
Inquisition in, 253 sq. ; languages in»
4ro
General Index,
261 ; city of, Indian quarters in, 263, 268 ;
the cmnuladio of, and the mint, 274 sq. ;
revolutions in (1808-22), 302 sqq.; and
Guatemala, 305 ; and Spain, 306 ;
Spanish troops in, 307; independence
of, recognised by United States and
Great Britain (1822), 308 sq. ; xi 447;
Napoleon III and, 476 sq., 479, 481, 484;
554 ; European intervention in, 565 sq. ;
683 ; xn 6 ; French intervention in, 21 sq.;
and Japan, 544 sq.; 672; affairs in, 676
sq. ; United States and, 685; 689 sq.;
development of, 690; 692 sq.; foreign
capital in, 694; 696; Panamerican Con-
gress at, 700; 702; and Hague Court of
Arbitration, 727. See also New Spain
Mexico, Gulf of, vi 350 sq. ; xii 691
Meyer, Conrad Ferdinand, xi 261; 412
■ Eduard, German historian, xii
845 sq.
Gerold, n 337
Hans, of Knonau, ii 313
Dr Martin, Chancellor of Mainz, i
688
Marx, Admiral, of Liibeck, n 229,
614 sq.
Meyerskappel, battle at, xi 251
Mezaros de Szoboszl6, Johann, Austrian
field-marshal, viii 578 sq.
M^zentseff, General, Eussian police official,
XII 306
Mezi^res, French army corps at, xi 598;
600; 609
Miani, British victory at, xi 737
Girolamo, n 648
Miaoulis, Andreas Vokos, Greek admiral,
X 181; 189
Miari, Bailiff of the Order of St John, ix
604
Micara, Cardinal, xi 703
Michael Eomanoff, Tsar of Muscovy, and
Peace of Stolbova, iv 181 ; not repre-
sented at Miinster or Osnabriick, 403;
election of, v 602 ; 503 ; 506 ; 516 sq.
Wisniowiecki, King of Poland, elec-
tion of, v 41 ; 350 sq. ; 353 ; death of, 354 ;
VI 198
Grand Duke of Kussia (General,
1831), X 471; xii 433
Grand Duke of Kussia (son of
Nicholas I), Viceroy of Caucasus (1863),
XI 633
Ill Obrenovich, Prince of Servia, xi
285; 634; 647 sq. ; xii 412
Michalov, added to West Prussia, x 463
Michanowich, Charles XII at, v 598
Michaud, Joseph, historian, viii 515; x 89;
XII 829
Michel de Bourges, French Eepublican
lawyer, x 492; 499; xi 132; 134; 136
Michelangelo. See Buonarotti
Michelbome, Sir Edward, iv 730
Michelet, Jules, French historian, x 102;
516; XI 34; 36; 39; 509; 523 sq.; xn
830 sq.; 833; 838
Micheli, Vitalis, Doge of Venice (d. 1173),
I 255
Micheli, Abraham Ludwig, Prussian am-
bassador in London, vi 402
Sir Francis, iii 570-1
Michelsen, Chr., Norwegian statesman, xn
288
Michiel, Antonio, Venetian merchant, i285
Giovanni, Venetian ambassador in
England, ii513, 529, 534, 536, 542, 547 sq.
Michieli, Joannes, Cardinal, nephew of
Pius II, I 657
Michigan, abolition in, vii 388; enters the
Union (1837), 421; population of, 695,
708
Lake, and the United States boundary,
VII 307, 315
Michillimackinac, Jesuit mission-station at,
VII 84
Michni Pass, under British control, xn 471
Mickievicz, Adam, Polish poet, x 432; 448;
459
Micronesia, partition of, xii 667
Micronius, Martin, Protestant refugee in
England, n 502
Middelburg, Sea Beggars and, m 230,
239; William I of Orange at, 257;
WiUiam III of Orange at, v 155; 756;
capitulates to the British (1809), ix 358
Middlesex, Eeform meetings in, vi 455
Earl of (Sir Lionel Cranfield), m
567-8, 573, 577
Middleton, Admiral Sir Charles. See
Barham, Lord
David, IV 741
John Middleton, 1st Earl of, v
281 sqq.
Thomas, ni 380
Midhat Pasha, xn 383; 385; fall of, 387;
416
Midland Association, The, rv 311; 314
Midleton, Alan Brodrick, 1st Viscount, vi
487
Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount, vi 487
William St John Fremantle Brodrick,
9th Viscount, Secretary for War, xn 53 ;
59
Midlothian, Gladstone in, xii 35 sqq.
Mieroslawski, Ludwig, Polish general, xi
46; in Sicily, 92; in Baden, 221; xn 294
Mietzel river, Eussian army at, vi 281 sq.;
285
Mignet, Francois- Auguste-Marie, x 95; 96;
writings of, 514, xi 524, xn 832 sq.
Miguel, Dom, usurping King of Portugal, x
235; 313; absolutist movement and, 316
sq.; withdraws to Vienna, 317; and the
Portuguese regency, 320 sqq. ; returns to
Lisbon as Eegent, 322 ; proclaimed King
of Portugal, ib.; character of, 323; the
Powers and, 324; popularity of, 324 sq.,
327; 326; and siege of Oporto, 330,
335; and fall of Lisbon, 335; surrender
and exile of, 336 sq.
Infante of Portugal, i 453
General Index.
471
Mikhailofif, Alexander, Eussian revolution-
ary, xn 306
Mikhailovsky, Eussian philosophical writer,
xn 302
Mikhelson, Eussian commander, in Turkey,
IX 485
Mikkelsen, Hans, favourite of Christian II,
II 604, 610
Milan, duchy of, 1 105 sqq.; claim of Orleans
to, 108, 232, 236, 287 ; embassy from, in
Paris, t&., 110; partition of , 120; occupied
by French (1499), 121, 123, 237, 249,
308; and Treaty of Blois (1504), 127,
131; French driven from (1512), 138,
250; Swiss in, 139, 141; French in
possession of (1516), 142; and Venice,
279 sqq.; seized by Charles V (1521), ii
44; siege of citadel of, 53; importance
of, to Charles V, 62; revenues of, 64;
given up by France (1559) , 94; ambassadors
murdered at, ni 105 ; disputed claims to,
116; 386, 465; granted to Spain (1546),
476, 687; Cond6 at, 689; objective of
Duke of Savoy, 690 ; and Valtelline, Vol.
IV, Chap, n passim\ 118; and Savoy,
123 sq.; Spinola in, 136; 145; French
expedition against (1647), 601 ; in Spanish
hands, 666; 672 sq.; 682 sq.; 687; and
Spanish Succession, v 383 sq., 388 sqq.,
398; 402; 407; 417; and Peace of
Utrecht, 450; Convention of (1707), 415;
VI 139 ; 151 sqq. ; 159 ; assigned to
Sardinia, 160 ; 161 ; 167 ; 201 ; evacuated
by the Spaniards, 245; Don Philip at,
608; 617; duchy of, viii 554; Eights
of Man in, 556 sq.; French in (1796),
670 sq., 574, 588 sq.; the Allies enter
(1799), 656; Napoleon at (1800), ix 61,
(1805), 87, 247, (1807), 367 ; Archbishopric
of, offered to Caprara, 189 ; Austrian reve-
nue from, 393 ; Eugene Beauharnais and,
395 ; Cathedral of, 396 ; Austrian govern-
ment in, X 105 ; the Gazette of, 106 ; the
Anti-Eugeniani in. 111 ; Berohet escapes
from, 126; xi 75 sq.; rising in, 79; re-
volution in, 81 ; and Piedmont, 83, 85 sq.;
88 sq.; disturbances at, 152; Austrians
in, 182 ; 243 ; 373 ; 374 ; under rule of
Eadetzky, 376 sq. ; 383; xii 218 sq. ;
riots in, 220; 223; strike at, 225 sq.;
progress of socialism at, 231; bank of,
235; 236
II Obrenovich, Prince of Servia, xi
286
IV, King of Servia, xi 634, 648; xn
385 sq.; 390; 407; abdication of, 411;
death of, 412; 413
Milan, Dukes of: —
Filippo-Maria (Visconti), i 278 sqq.
Francesco I (Sforza), i 105 sq., 109
Francesco II (Sforza), i 486; n 43,
46, 52 sq., 57, 60, 69, 232
Galeazzo-Maria (Sforza), i 106
Gian-Galeazzo (Sforza), i 106, 111;
113
Milan, Dukes of {contd.) : —
Gian-Galeazzo (Visconti), i 108, 265
sq., 278; m 385; and the Valtelline,
IV 35
Ludovico il Moro (Sforza), i 106 sqq.,
109, 115, 122, 156, 171 sqq., 177, 191,
228, 232; expelled from Milan, 236 sq.,
238, 245; imprisoned in France, 308;
and the Valtelline, iv 36
Massimiliano (Sforza), i 138, 142,
251, 486; n 308; and the ValteUine,
IV 36
Milan, Bona of Savoy, Duchess of, i 106
Christina of Denmark (niece of
Charles V), Duchess of, n 69 sq., 87
Isabella of Naples, Duchess of, 1 106
St Carlo Borromeo, Cardinal Arch-
bishop of, II 341, 659, 674, 678, 681;
m 414, 445
Federigo Borromeo, Cardinal Arch-
bishop of, IV 48
Giovanni Angelo Arcimboldo, Arch-
bishop of, and Christian II, n 606
Decree (1807), The, vn 331, 333;
IX 368, 378
Milanese, The, vi 236 ; Don Philip's claims
in, 239; 243; 245
Milano, Agesilao, attacks the King of
Naples, XI 380
Milaslovski, Ivan, and the conspiracy
against Peter the Great, v 622
Milazzo, battle at, xi 388
Miles, Nelson Appleton, American general,
vn 681
William Augustus, diplomatist, vni
291, 303
Mileto, Garibaldi lands near, xi 534
Milhaud, French cavalry officer, at Waterloo,
IX 636; 640
Militia, Ordinances of 1642, rv 300 sqq.;
regulations of 1660, v 97; royal control
of, 252 ; after the Kevolution of 1688, ib.
Miliutin, Nicholas, Eussian statesman,
XI 613 sq.; 621; 629
Mill, James, and elementary education, ix
692; and Eicardo, x 772, 778; and
Bentham's political theories, 597 sq.;
599; Macaulay and, 601; 612; History
of British India, xn 836
John Stuart, in 764 ; vi 814 ; x 600 ;
676 ; and Eicardo, 772, 774 ; and Malthus,
776 ; 778 ; and India, xi 329 ; and Ireland,
343 sq.; autobiography of, 362; xn 66;
works of, excluded from Eussia, 300;
731; and socialism, 759; Subjection of
Women, 762
Millar, John, Professor of Law at Glasgow,
vin 769
Millau, meeting of Protestants at, m 25
Mill borne, Jacob, executed, vn 45
Milledgeville, Sherman at, vn 527
Miller, Johann Martin, German author, x
387
John, Massachusetts clergyman, vn
144
472
General Index.
Miller, Kalph Willett, captain of the Theseus^
vm 610
William, officer of marines, x 292 sq.;
295
Millerand, Alexandre, French statesman,
XII 113 ; 121 ; and socialist movement,
124 sqq.; Minister of Commerce, 127 sq.
Millesimo, Austrians driven from (1796),
vm 566
Millet, Jean-Franpois, French painter, xi
528
Millevoye, Charles-Hubert, French lyric
poet, IX 132
Milliken's Bend (Mississippi), Sherman's
camp at, vn 502 sqq.
"Millions," Spanish excise-tax, rn 505
Millot, French general, in Annam, xn 526 ;
797
Mills, Koger Quarles, American politician,
vn 660
Colonel, and Cromwell's title, iv 444
Mill Springs, Zollicoffer at, vii 462 ; Federal
victory at (1862), 495
Milne, Walter, Scottish Protestant martyr,
n 558; in 264
Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount, xn 641
Dr John, Vicar Apostolic of the West
of England, x 633
Milnes, Lieutenant-Governor of Canada, ix
741; 744
Miloradovich, Michael, General, Governor-
General of St Petersburg, x 440 sq.
Eussian general, and Kussian re-
treat, IX 496 sqq,; 511; at Zeitz, 518
Milosh Obrenovich, Prince of Servia, ix
387; XI 284 sq.; 647
Miloslav, Prussian reverse at, xi 164
Miltitz, Karl von, opponent of Luther,
II 134 sq., 168
Milton, John, in 752-3, 766; change of
temper of towards Church and State,
IV 280; 293; 363; religious toleration
and, 543; 545; opposes Eestoration, 556;
763 sq.; 766; Marvell and, 774; Spanish
translations of, v 69 ; 81 ; 116 ; early
poems of, 117; travels of, 118; prose
works of, 119 sq. ; later poems of, 120
sqq.; Dryden and, 125; 132; 253; 263;
271; political writings of, vi 795 sq.,
803, 807, 813; 831; German controversy
on, X 384; xi 351
Milyukoff , P. N. , Kussian politician, xn 315 ;
333; 348; and Union of Unions, 352 sq.;
355; and Zemstvo Liberals, 357; 360;
and first Duma, 365; and Ship6ff, 368;
372; and third Duma, 375; 377 sq.; at
Mansion House, 380
Milyutin, Dmitry, Eussian general, xn 295;
312
Nicholas, and Poland, xn 336
Min river, French fleet in, xii 131
Mina, San Jorge da, first Portuguese port
on Guinea Coast, i 16
Francisco Espoz y, Spanish guerrilla
chief, in Navarre, ix 469; pursued by
Clausel and Foy, 476; leads force into
Mexico, X 303 sq.
Minadois, Germane, Italian Eeformer, n
390
Minas Geraes, created a captaincy, v 678 ;
gold in, VI 390; centre of Brazilian
separatism, x 314 sq.
Minciaky, Eussian envoy, x 188; 192
Mincio river, crossed by Prince Eugene,
V 402; the Allies cross, vi 154; French
boundary on, ix 63; Austrian retreat
from, 68; French occupation of district
of, 69; XI 85; war on, 86; 89
Mindelheim, Saxony and, vi 632
Mindello, Dom Pedro disembarks at, x 328,
333
Minden, see of, restored to Catholic occu-
pancy, in 709; Tilly master of (1625),
IV 93; bishopric of, 111 sq., 407 sq.,
V 642; French defeat at, vi 342
MinervCf The, conducted by Benjamin
Constant, x 55
Minghetti, Marco, Italian statesman, x 168;
XI 71 ; 81 ; 89 ; and Consorteria Ministry,
535 ; Ministry of, 536 sqq. ; dismissed,
539; xn 214, 216
Mingrelia, suzerainty of Eussia over, ix
385
Minho, insurrection at (1826), x 321; pro-
vince of, occupied by Napier, 336
Minin, Fedor, Eussian explorer, xn 795
Kuzma, Eussian anti-Polish leader,
V 502
Minkin, Nastasia, x 427
Minneapolis, Convention at (1892), vn 665
Minnesota, enters Union (1858), vn 438;
negro suffrage in, 629 ; population of,
702, 708, 711
Mino da Fiesole, n 13
Minorca, surprised by Barbarossa, m 112;
French occupy, v 411; captured by the
Allies (1708), 426; ceded to Great Britain,
444; Sir George Byng at, vi 32; 57; 66;
68; 139 sqq.; 239; seized by Marshal
Eichelieu (1756), 337; 338; 342a (in
Vol. xin); restored to Spain (1763), 347;
365 ; 376 ; captured by French (1782), 379,
vni92; vi380sq.; 403; 428; blockaded,
452; ceded to Spain (1783), 464; offered
to Eussia, vm 278, 314; re-captured by
British (1798), 630; restored to Spain
(1801), IX 75; strategic importance of,
210
Minoz, Sigismundo, Eeformer, n 390
Minsk, district of, vi 669; captured by
Eussians (1812), ix 501; province of,
X 428; Eussian rule in, 459 sq.; martial
law in, 469; labour organisation in, xn
331; 339
Minszka, Maria, consort of the Pretender
Dmitri (the False Demetrius), v 497, 499,
548
Mint, The English. See Coinage
Minto, Gilbert Elliot, 1st Earl of, British
ambassador at Vienna, vm 660 sq. ; 759;
General Index.
478
and Whig party, ix 673 ; 685 ; in India,
731 sqq.; Governor- General, 754; policy
towards Baluchistan, xi 731
Minto, Gilbert Elliot, 2nd Earl of, envoy to
Italy, XI 17, 78
Gilbert J. M. K. Elliot, 4th Earl of,
Viceroy of India, administration of, xn
496 sq.
Miollis, Sextius- Alexandre-Francois, French
general, ix 58; 68; occupies Castle of
Sant' Angelo, 195-6 ; and Pope Pius VII,
401
Miot, Jules-Francois, French Eepublican,
XI 136; 139
Miquel, Johannes, Prussian Minister of
Finance, xii 146; 157; 166
Miquelon, island of, vi 346 ; ceded to France,
428, 464; British capture of (1793), ix
749; XI 776
Mirabeau, Andr6-B.-L. de Eiquetti, Vicomte
de, vm 172
Honor6-Gabriel de Eiquetti, Count,
VI 721; 723; vni 58, 61; and States
General, 133, 149-54, 157 sq., 170;
position of, in National Assembly, 174
sq., 178, 182, 186 sqq.; and Family
Compact, 189, 290 sqq.; death of, 199;
694; on testation, 730; 755
Victor Eiquetti, Marquis de, viii 21
sqq., 27, 50, 71, 735
Mirabilia Romae, medieval guide-book, n
106, 128
Mirabocco, fort of, in 404
Miraflores, Marquis of, Spanish statesman,
XI 554; 566
Miram6n, Miguel, Mexican statesman, xi
565
Miran, son of Mir Jafar, vi 555; 559
Miranda, captured by Spaniards, vi 369
Francisco, Spanish-American general,
serves in French revolutionary army, vin
419, 421, 510; career of, x 280 sq.;
and Caracas revolution, 288 sq.
Sancho Carranza de, attack on
Erasmus by, n 400
Mirandola, siege of, by Julius II (1511),
I 135, 248 sq.; under French protection,
n 72, 78 ; Henry II of France and, 85 sq.;
duchy of, V 451 ; granted to Duke Francis
IV, IX 603
Pico della. See Pico della Mirandola
Mirari vosy encyclical of Gregory XVI, x
164
Mirepoix, Gaston-C.-F. de Ldvis, Due de,
French ambassador in London, vi 333;
542
Mir Jafar, Nawab of Bengal, vi 553 sqq.;
Clive and, 557 sq.; deposed, 559; re-
storation of, 561; death of, ib.
Kasim, Nawab of Bengal, vi 659 sq.;
deposed, 561
Mirko, Prince, of Montenegro, xn 413
Mirom^nil, Armand-T. Hue de. Keeper of
the Seals, vin 82, 87; on Council of
Finance, 96, 101; dismissed, 103
Miron, Henry Ill's physician, in 39
Swiss politician, iv 54
Mirror of a Sinful Soul, of Margaret of
Navarre, n 354
Mirsky, Prince. See Svyatopolk-Mirsky
Eussian revolutionary, xn 306
Mirtschea the Great, Prince of Wallachia,
and the Turks, i 82
Mishchdnko, Eussian general, xn 376 ; 587 ;
589; 596
Mishmee hills, Thomas Cooper at, xn 796
Misiones, f,rontier dispute in, xn 676
Missiessy, Edouard-ThomasBurgues, Comte
de. Admiral in command of Eochefort
squadron, ix 219; sails for Antilles, 221 ;
reaches Martinique, 221; recall of, 222;
replaced by Allemand, 225; 240
Missionary Eidge, vn 511 ; fighting at (1863),
512 sq.
Mississippi, State of, Spanish claims in, vn
315; emigration to, 356; enters Union,
B^9, 413 ; and Tariff, 381 ; secedes from
Union, 446; joins Confederacy, 453; in
Civil War, 462, 522; emancipation in,
695, 626 ; new Constitution in, 632 sq. ;
becomes Democratic (1875), 642
river, vi 183; contraband trade on,
373; Spanish successes on, 377; Treaty
of Paris and, 429; 462; exploration of,
vn 85, 87, 89, 93, 108 sq., 119, 691 ;
navigation of, 232, 303; trade of, 323
sqq. ; British force at, 345 ; steamships
on, 351, 360, 692; survey of, 364; in
Civil War, 452, 458, 462, 470 sq. ; opera-
tions on (1861), 491 sqq., (1862), 501,
(1863), 502 sqq. ; Confederates evacuate,
506, 522, 616; naval operations on, 558
sqq. ; economic importance of, 691 sqq.,
704, 711
Bubble, The, vni 9
Company and scheme, vi 128; 131;
172 sqq.; 532
Missolonghi, defence of (1825-6), x 181,
190; Byron at, 712
Missouri, State of, enters Union (1821),
vn 359, 413, 421; slavery in, 361 sq.,
402; settlers from, in Kansas (1854-6),
430; and secession, 453; in Civil War,
458 sq., 462, 470; and emancipation,
684 sqq., 598; reaction in (1870), 639,
642 ; population of, 695 ; Department of,
created, 491; Compromise (1820), 362,
886, 406, 418; repeal of, 427 sq., 435,
441, 444
river, exploration of, vn 326; trade
on, 360
valley, immigration to, xn 610 sq.
Mitchel, John, Irish Nationalist, xi 13
Mitchell, Sir Andrew, ambassador to
Prussia, vi 284; 321; 338; 401; 409
Sir Thomas Livingstone, Australian
explorer, xi 792; 795
Mitchelstown, affray at, xn 85
Mitford, John Freeman, and Catholic Eelief
agitation, x 626
474
General Index,
Mitford, William, History of Greece, xii 835
sq.
Mito, Prince of, xi 825; 838 sqq.; 847;
849; 852
Mitre, Bartolomd, Constitutional President
of the Argentine Confederation, xn 683
Mitrowitz, Russian consul shot at, xn 425
Mittau, V 556 ; Articles of, 557 ; captured by
Eussians (1705), 594; Louis XVIII at,
vni 635, IX 40, 562
Mittel-Pollnitz, Prussian retreat to (1806),
IX 275
Mittermaier, Karl Joseph Anton, President
of Vorparlament, xi 163 sq.
Mitylene, occupied by the Powers, xn 426
Mitzlaff, Colonel Joachim von, iv 98 sq. ;
in Moravia, 101; 228
Mizen Head, French fleet at, vm 474
Mizon, African explorer, xii 180
Mlodetsky, Russian revolutionary, xii 309
Mniszech, Marina. See Minszka, Maria
Mobile, Spanish capture of, vi 377 ; French
settlement at, vn 362 ; attack on, planned
(1862), 500, (1864), 514, 552; submarines
built at, 564 sq. ; banks of, 618; the
Oreto at, xn 20
Bay, battle of (1864), vn 522, 554 sqq.
Mobillier, Grelle de, visits Russian prisons,
X 422
Mocenigo, Pietro, Doge of Venice, i 80, 279
Mocha, Dutch trade and, iv 712 sq.
Mockel, Swedish agent, at Benfeld, iv 381
Mocquard, Jean-Frangois- Constant, French
politician, xi 135; 387
Modder river. Lord Methuen crosses, xn
642
Modena, captured by Julius II (1510), 1 135,
248; seized and kept by Ferrara (1631),
n 56, 67, 219; the Reformation in, 386
sq. ; favourably disposed to Henry IV, in
683; House of Savoy linked with, 686;
Habsburg influence over, 689; and
Ferdinand II, iv 211; rebellion of, 686
sq.; VI 153; 243; acquired by Maria
Theresa, 246; 586; revolt in (1797), vin
588; military school at, ix 86; prefect
sent to, 394; duchy of, granted to Duke
Francis IV, 603; Austrian influence in,
X 105; under Francis IV, 107; King
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia at, 116;
conspiracy at (1830), 119-20, 126; 123;
155; XI 69 sq. ; national movement in,
75; and union with Piedmont, 83, 386;
84; 88; 381; 468
Giovanni de Morone, Bishop of, n
33, 52; at Conference of Worms (1540),
240; at Modena, 366, 641; 398; im-
prisoned, 399; 645, 660; at Council of
Trent, 661, 682; in 457
Modena, Dukes of: —
Alfonso IV (of Este), rv 620
Ercole (Hercules) III (of Este), vin
654, 571, 583, 592
Ferdinand (of Habsburg), receives
the Breisgau and Ortenau (1803), ix 94
Modena, Dukes of (contd.): —
Francis II (of Este), v 403
Francis IH (of Este), vi 171; 237;
243; 249
Francis IV (of Habsburg), claims
of, at Congress of Vienna, ix 603; re-
storation of, 621 ; X 107 ; and Menotti's
revolutionary scheme, 119 sq.; and
smuggling, 154
Modena, Charlotte - Aglae (of Orleans),
Duchess of, wife of Francis III, vi 133
Mod^ne, Fran<?ois-Charle3 de Raimond,
Count of, French ambassador to Sweden,
VI 765 sq.
Modernism, in Italy, papal attitude towards,
xn 230
Modlin, surrender of fortress of (1831), x 473
Modon, Ibrahim Pasha lands at, x 190
Modrzewski, Polish Reformer, ii 636
Modyford, Sir Thomas, Barbados and, rv
757
Moe, Jorgen, Norwegian writer, xi 701
Mockern, battle of (1813), ix 536-7
Mohler, Johann Adam, Symbolik, xn 847
Mollendorf, Richard J. Heinrich von,
Prussian field-marshal, vni 437, 441 ; in
Poland, 535; 644; ix 277
Moller, Heinrich, of Zutphen, Reformer,
n 160
Morike, Eduard, German poet, x 406; xi
414; 420
Moero, Lake, Livingstone at, xn 809
Mors, countship of, v 668; evacuated by
French, vi 300
Moser, Justus, political economist and
historian, vi 205; vin 773; x 404
Mosskirch, engagement at (1800), ix 58
Moj0fa di Lisio, Guglielmo, x 114
Moffat, Robert, in Africa, xn 808
Moga, Johann, Hungarian general, xi 184;
189; 203
Mogador, bombarded by the French, xi 35
Moghul empire. Vol. vi. Chap, xv (1)
Mogileff. See MohilefE
Mohabat Khan, Moghul general, vi 517
Mohacs, Hungarians defeated by Turks at
(1526), I 96, 338, 345, n 61, 197, in 73,
105; battle of (1687), v 52, 367
Mohammad I, Ottoman Sultan, i 68, 278,
281
II, Ottoman Sultan, Constantinople
taken by (1453) , i 67 ; Servia attacked and
conquered by, 68, 70; Venetian Treaty
with, 69; Hungary and, ib.; Scanderbeg
and, 70 sq.; Bosnia and Herzegovina
taken by, 72 sq. ; conquest of Greece by,
74 sq.; seizure of Trebizond by, 78; at
war with Venice, 79; attacks Italy
(1480), 81; wars of, in Roumania and
Moldavia, 82 sq.; siege of Rhodes by,
84; death of, t6.; in 126; v 361 ; x 171
Ill, Ottoman Sultan, m 700
IV, Ottoman Sultan, v 36; 343;
makes war on Poland, 353 ; and France,
355; and Austria, 359; 364; 367; 369
General Index,
476
Mohammad V, Ottoman Sultan, xn 428
Sultan of Malacca, defeated by Albu-
querque, I 31
Abu Jafar, Imam at Cairo (1516-7),
I 91
Aga of Dorkovo, xn 384
Ahmad (Mahdi, 1881), xn 40, 400
sqq., 447
All, Nawab of the Carnatio (of
Arcot), 1750-95, vi 540; 644; affair of
the debts of, 576, ix 709, 721 ; death of,
724
Mohawk valley, defeat of StLeger in (1777),
vn 215; 356; migration up, 357
Mohawks, The. See Iroquois
Mohileff, Charles XII at, v 598; meeting
of Joseph II and Catharine at, vin 311 ;
captured by Davout, ix 492 ; archbishopric
of, X 424; province of, 459; xn 339;
strike in, 350
Stanislaus Siestrzencewicz, Arch-
bishop of, X 141
Mohl, Eobert von, xi 164 ; Prussian Minister
of Justice, 166
Mohmand tribe, xi 743; raids of, 488
Mohr, Maximilian, Kudolf von Planta and,
IV 46
schoolmaster at Wittenberg, n 166
Mohrungen, engagement at (1807), ix 285
Moir, James, of Stonywood, Jacobite, vi
115
Moira, Francis Kawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl
of, and "Whig party, ix 690; in India,
732 sqq.
Mojaisk, Napoleon at (1812), ix 496; Cos-
sacks threaten, 497; Napoleon's retreat
to, 499
Mola, fight at, xi 390
Moldau river, Austrians cross, vi 257 ; 258
Moldavia, and Turkish Wars, i 83 sq. ;
Solyman's changes in, ni 117; and the
Turks,ivl88sq.,v344; vi307sq.; 672;
674; Joseph II and, vni 324; Eussian
designs on, ix 308, 485 ; ceded to Kussia
(1808), 320; hospodars of, 386; invaded
by Ypsilanti (1821), x 30; and Treaty
of Bucharest, 169; revolt in (1821), 178
sq.; 188; occupied by Eussia (1829),
444 ; Hungarian invasion of, xi 211 ; 281
sqq.; Napoleon III and, 306; Eussian
occupation of (1853), 314, 316 sq., 401;
321; independence of, 323; union of,
with Wallachia, 633, 643 sq. ; xn 392;
395; the Jewish question in, 397. See
also Danubian Principalities
Hospodar of (1711). See Cantemir
and Wallachia, Prince of. See Couza
Mol6, Matthieu, appointment of, iv 615;
621
Comte Louis-Mathieu de, ix 145; x
54 ; and opposition to despotic measures,
81, 87; 478; Minister of Foreign Affairs,
497 sq. ; conciliates Eepublicans and
Catholics, 500 sq. ; 502 ; and Algeria, 504 ;
505; and occupation of Anoona, 506;
character of Ministry of, 507; coalition
against, 508 sq.; defeat of, 510; 511;
XI 33; 98; 130; 133
Molembo, slavery abolished at, xi 575
Molesworth, Sir William, x 655 sq.; and
Orange Lodges, 672; 675 sq.; xi 16; 764
sqq., 976
Moli^re, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin de, ni
548; V 65; 67 sq.; 128 sq. ; xi 516
Molina, Luis, ecclesiastical theories of,
m 757-8, 765
Count of, Spanish ambassador in
England, v 214
Molines, Cardinal, arrested, vi 124
Molinet, Jean, French chronicler, i 417,
433, 447
Molinier, Auguste, French medievalist, xn
834
Molinists, The, vin 9, 12
Molino del Eey (Mexico), Scott's victory at
(1847), vn 396
Molinos, Michael de, and Quietism, v 88
Molins de Eey, Spanish defeat at (1808), ix
448
Molise, peasant movement in, xi 536
Molitor, Comte Gabriel- Jean- Joseph, French
marshal, ix 351; x 80; xi 119
MoUa Khusrev, code of laws, "the Pearl,"
drawn up by, i 98
Mollelos, Viscount de, Portuguese general,
X 333 sqq.
Mollenbeck, Anabaptist, n 226
Molleville, Bertrand de. See Bertrand de
Molleville
MoUien, Comte Nicolas-Frangois, ix 117;
120, 363, 372, 380; x 83
Mollio, Giovanni, Italian Eeformer, n 390
Mollwitz, battle of, vi 230 sqq.
Moltke, Count Adam Gottlob von, Danish
statesman, vi 735 ; 740 sq.; dismissed, 743
Count Christian Frederick von,
Danish grand marshal, vi 749
Count Helmuth K. B. von, xi 406;
mission of, to Florence, 448 ; and Austro-
Prussian War, 452 sq.; 456; and army
reform, 579; plan of campaign of, 580;
conduct of Franco-German War by, 582
sqq.; xn 139
Count Karl, Danish statesman, xi
168; 694 sq.
Moluccas, The, spice trade of, n 101, x 761 ;
Dutch trade with, m 632, 638; Dutch
dominion in, iv 710, 733 sqq.; agree-
ment of June 1619 and, 737 sq. ; war in,
740; Dutch in, v 695 sq. ; revolt in
(1672), 696
Molyneux, William, v 320; and Dublin
Philosophical Society, 740 ; Case of Ire-
land, VI 480, 494; 484 sq.; 491
Molza, Francesco Maria, n 15; m 459,
466
Mombasa, Da Gama at, i 25; railway at,
xn 662; 809; 812
Mombello, provisional treaty signed at
(1797), vra 588
476
General Index.
Momein, caravan route to, xn 793; 796
Mommsen, Theodor, xii 828; 843 sq. ; 850
Mompesson, Sir Giles, iii 570-2
Mon, Alejandro, Spanish Minister of
Finance, xi 551 sq. ; 659 ; 566
Monacacy river, battle at (1864), vn 581
Monaco, siege of (1507), i 129
Monaghan, Catholic demonstrations in, x
647 sq.
Monasteries, suppression of the, in Eng-
land, n 444, 448 sqq. ; results of sup-
pression, 467 sqq.; partial revival of,
in Mary's reign, 543; suppression of, in
the canton of Zurich, 321 ; reform of, in
Spain, 400; spoliation of, in Norway,
618; Swedish, attacked by Gustavus
Vasa, 625 sq. See also Keligious Orders
Monastir, scheme of reform for, xn 425;
426
Monboddo, James Burnett, Lord, viii 769
Moncada, Hugo de, with Armada, in 313
Ugo de, regent of Charles V, n 53;
death of, 58; 197
Moncalieri, proclamation of, xi 367
Moncey, Bon-Adrien Jeannot de, Due de
Conegliano, French marshal, vni 440,
442 ; IX 61 ; receives duchy of Conegliano,
111; occupies Biscay and Navarre, 430;
suppresses riot in Madrid, 433, and see
X 80; IX 435-6
Monciel, A.-M.-Ken6 Terrier de, French
Minister of the Interior, vm 228, 231
Monck, Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Vis-
count, 1st Baron in United Kingdom,
Governor-General of Canada, xi 768 sq.;
775
George, Duke of Albemarle. See
Albemarle
Monckton, Eobert, Lieutenant-general, vi
426
Monclar, J.-P.-F. de Eipert, Marquis de,
VIII 727
Moncontour, battle of, iii 13, 224
Moncorvo, captured by Spaniards, vi 369
Monde {Le), ou Traite de la Lumiere, iv
779
Mondego Bay, British force lands in (1808),
IX 439-40
Mondelheim, Marlborough at, v 409
Mondevergue, Marquis de, in Madagascar,
V 703
Mondovi, University at, m 412
Bishop of. See Laureo, Vincenzo
Mondragon, Christopher, Spanish com-
mander in Netherlands, in 234, 239, 242,
244, 519-20, 628
Monembasia (in the Morea), besieged and
taken by Turks, n 72, 74; surrenders to
Venice (1690), v 365
Monganagh, lands of, iii 613
Monge, Gaspard, Comte de Peluse, viii 238;
Minister of the Navy, 502; 595, 605 sq.,
616, 674
Mongolia, Eussian privileges in, xi 819;
xn 792; Eussian trade in, 796; 803 sq.
Moniteur, French official organ, ix 15;
31, 101, 103, 107, 130, 188, 192, 266;
for May 12, 1811, 418; 670, 574, 580,
589
Ottoman, x 549
Westphalien, ix 412
Monitor and Merrimac in Hampton Eoads
(1862), vn 472, 496 ; 550, 560 sqq., 616
Monjuich, surrendered to French, rv 649;
captured by the Allies (1705), v 416;
prisoners tortured at, xn 268
Monkswell, Eobert Porrett, Lord, xi 337;
XII 29
Monkton, Eobert, Lieutenant-general, vn
137, 139 sq.
Monmouth, .James Scott, Duke of, v 101;
134; 207; 212; banished to Holland,
225; 226; and Green Eibbon Club, 229;
exiled, 229; 230; invades England, 232;
execution of, ih. ; at Bothwell Bridge,
285 sq.; and Argyll's invasion of Scot-
land, 289; 306; 334; 654
Sir Eobert Carey, 1st Earl of, in 361
Monnard, Charles, historian, xi 261
Monnier, Jean-Charles, Comte, French
general, at Marengo, ix 62
Madame, abduction of, by Mirabeau,
vm 149
Monod, Gabriel, French historian, xn 120;
831; 834
Monopolies, under Elizabeth, ni 356 sq.;
under James I, 569 sqq. ; the Monopoly
Act, 577
Monroe, James, vn 316, 320, 325 ; Presi-
dent of United States, 350, 367 sqq.,
373; X 39; 309; xn 687
Doctrine, vn 369 sq., 671 sq. ; xn
684 sq.; 687; development of, 688 sq.;
691; 693 sqq.; application of, 696; 700
Mons, taken by Count Lewis of Nassau
(1572), in 17, 230; besieged by Alva, 17-
18; captured by Alva, 21; besieged by
Don Frederick of Toledo, 231-2; sur-
rendered, 233-4; taken by Duke of Anjou
(1578), 249; besieged by French (1678),
V 45, 164 sq. ; captured by Louis XIV
(1691), 59; recovered by Spain, 63; 422;
captured by the Allies (1709), 425 sq.;
Barrier Treaties and, 458 ; besieged by
French (1746), vi 246; 339; occupied by
French (1792), vm 417; defence of (1815),
IX 623
Monsell, William. See Emly, Lord
Monson, George, member of Indian Council,
VI 571 sq.
Colonel William, advance of, into
Maliva, ix 727
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, French chroni-
cler, I 433; XII 830
Montagu, Charles, Earl of Halifax. See
Halifax
Edward, Earl of Sandwich. See
Sandwich
Sir Edward, Lord Chief Justice, ej
475, 518
General Index.
477
Montagu, Sir Henry. See Manchester,
Earl of
Lady Mary Wortley, vi 175
Ralph, English ambassador in Paris,
V 223
Montague, Sir George, Admiral, vm 467,
470
Henry Pole, Lord, arrest and execu-
tion of, n 449
Richard, case of, rv 259 sqq.; 268;
Bishop of Chichester, 272
Walter, English agent to Savoy and
Lorraine, seized by Richelieu, iv 132 sq.
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, influence
of New World on, i 58; Americans and
Europeans compared by, 59; 63, 577;
n 690, 711 sq. ; m 65, 69, 72; his
criticism of Tasso, 473; 759; iv 777 sq.;
influence of, on French literature, v
64 sqq. ; vm 4, 32
Montalban, Juan Perez de, plays of, iv
662
Montalcino, defeat of Siennese at, n 88;
given to Tuscany (1659), 94; occupied by
Cosimo de' Medici, in 386
Montalembert, Andr^ de. Seigneur d'Ess6,
in 262
Charles Forbes, Comte de, x 163;
164; and Liberal Catholics, 165; 500
sq.; XI 27; 34; Guizot and, 40; 114;
120; and the Pope, 121; 126; 128;
Victor Hugo and, 131 ; and Napoleon HI,
296, 469; 297; 371; 714; and Vatican
Council, 721 ; xn 847
Montalivet, Jean-Pierre Bachasson, Comte
de, French Minister of Interior (1809),
IX 139
Marthe-Camille Bachasson, Comte
de, French Minister of Interior (1830),
X 480; 487; 489; 496; xn 110
Montalto, town of, sacked (1518), ni 425;
bishopric created at, 438
Cardinal Alessandro di, m 38
Montalvo, Garcia Ordonez de, Spanish
author, i 381
Montana, and currency question, vn 673;
population of, 711
Montanaro, xi 86 ; battle of, 94
Montanelli, Giuseppe, Italian politician, xi
65; 69; 90 sq. ; 377
Montargis, d'Andelot brings German rein-
forcements to, III 4 ; force under Martin-
engo cut up at, 28; rising at, xi 137
Montarlot, Cugnet de, x 221 ; 223 sq.
Montauban, resists entry of Joyeuse, m 20;
Calvinists in, 676; besieged (1621), iv
127 sq. ; revolt of, 130, 134 sq.; Pro-
vincial Assembly at, vm 91; conflict
between Catholics and Protestants at
(1790), 197
Charles-G.-M.-A.-A. Cousin-. See
Palikao, Comte de
de, in Madagascar, v 703
Montbazon, Marie de Bretagne, Duchess of,
XY 596; exile of, 617
0. H. R.
Montb^liard (Miimpelgard), ceded to French
(1634), IV 143; added to France (1814),
IX 564, 576
Montberon, Gabriel de, ra 5
Montbrun, Charles Dupuy, Lord of, n 297;
captured and executed, m 27
Montcalm, Gozon de Saint- V^ran, Louis
Joseph, Marquis de, vu 126 sqq., 134 sq.,
137 sqq.
Montcassel, battle at (1677), v 162 sq.
Mont Cenis Pass, captured by Dumas, vm
438; French enter Piedmont by, ix 61;
road over, 119; Tunnel, xi 371
Montchoisy, French general, ix 99
Monte, Giambattista del, nephew of Pope
Julius III, II 85 sq.
Giovanni Maria del. Cardinal. See
Julius III, Pope
Montebello, fight at (1800), ix 62; battle of
(1859), XI 383
Monte Carlo, Gap6n at, xn 350
Caseros, Rosas defeated at, xn 682
Montecuculi, Count Raymond of, Im-
perialist commander, iv 393; 432; v 44;
341 ; defeats Rakdczy, 344 ; campaign of,
against Turks, 345 sqq.; 353; death of,
360; 366; 369
Monte dei Nove, in Siena, n 83
Monte di Piet^, the first established in
Rome (1494), i 647
Montefeltro, Federigo of. See Urbino
Guidobaldo di, Duke of Urbino. See
Urbino
Monteigne, George, Archbishop of York, rv
272
Monteil, African explorer, xn 129
Monte Legino, French success at, vm 665
Monteleone, Marquis of, mission of, to
Versailles and London, vi 138
Montelimar, Due d'Angouleme at (1815), ix
617
Montemar, General, in Italy, vi 153 sq.;
159; 165; 596
Montemolin, Carlos Luis, Count of
(Carlos VI), x 243; xi 553; 564
Montemurlo, fight at, m 387
Montenegro, resists Turks, i 74; Napoleon's
designs on, ix 269; Turkey and, xi 277;
633; disturbances in, 636; xn 37; Italy
and, 242; and Russia, 342; 381 sq.; at
war with Turkey, 383, 385 sqq. ;^ and
Treaty of San Stefano, 392 sq. J^ and
Treaty of Berlin, 396 sq., 399; and
Albanians, 401 sq.; affairs in (1880-
1910), 413 sq.; 427 sq.
Marquis di. Imperialist commander,
IV 87
Montenotte, Austrian repulse at, vm 566,
576
Montereau, defeat of Allies at (1814), ix 549
Monterey (California), Convention at (1849),
vn402
(Mexico), captured by Taylor (1847),
vn 396
Monterotondo, Garibaldi at, xi 542 sq.
SO
478
General Index.
Monte San Giovanni, siege of (1495), i 114
Montes Claros, battle of (1665), v 34, 105
Montespan, Franqoise-Ath^nals, Marquise
de, V 19 sq.; 23; 31
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron
de la Br^de et de, iv 790; v 2; 275; vi
165; 167; and Law, 177; 589; 687
811; vni 1, 14, Lettres Persanes, 17
L' Esprit des Lois, 18; 19 sqq., 36, 137
743 sq.; and Irish Union, ix 702; x 40
XI 524; XII 817; 819
Montesquiou, captain of Anjou's guard, rn 12
Montesquiou-Fezensac, Anne-Pierre, Mar-
quis de, commands Army of the South,
Till 437
FranQois-Xavier-Marc-Antoine, Abb6
de, member of French Provisional
Government, ix 556 ; Minister of Interior,
565; advice of, 574; x 42 sq. ; and the
negotiations with the Papacy, 140
Monteverde, Juan Domingo, Spanish naval
officer, X 288 sq.
Montevideo, founding of, vi 391; British
failure at (1806), ix 753, x 281; held
by Eoyalists, 285 sq.; lost (1814), ib.,
290; 300; Portuguese garrison expelled
from, 316; siege of, xii 680 sqq.
Montez, Lola, xi 61; 145 sq.
Montezuma, v 380
Montfaucon, Bernard de, vi 589
Montferrat, given to Mantua (1559), n 54,
94, III 402; Savoy's designs on, 407-8,
411, 413; war in, iv 134 sqq.; seized by
Savoy (1613), 626; French in, 642;
Charles Emmanuel claims, 678; Nevers
obtains, 680
Boniface, Marquis of, rights of, over
Crete and Salonika, bought by Venice,
I 255
Giovanni Giorgio Palaologus, Mar-
quis of, death of, ii 68
Montfort, Count of, iii 401
Montgelas, Count Maximilian - Joseph
Gamerin von, Bavarian Minister, viii
776; reform of Church under, ix 201-2;
253; policy of, 582; 658; x 146; 343;
policy of, 359
Mont Gen^vre, Lesdiguieres crosses, in 416
Montgomerie, Thomas George, Colonel, and
Tibetan exploration, xii 798
Montgomery (Alabama), Convention at
(1861), VII 447, 449, 471
Comte Gabriel de, kills Henry II of
France, n 296; Huguenot commander,
ni3; 9; 13 sq.; 19 sqq. ; 23 sq.
George, Bishop of Derry, Kaphoe
and Clogher, iii 611
Eichard, American general, vii 170
sq.
Montgon, Charles-Alexandre de, Spanish
envoy to France, vi 146
Montholon, Charles Tristan, Marquis de, at
St Helena, ix 757
French envoy, and Treaty of Madrid,
IV 54
Monthoux, envoy of Savoy, negotiates with
Protestant Union, iv 17
Monti, Antonio Felice, Marquis de, French
ambassador in Poland, vi 193 sq.; 196
sq.
Vincenzo, Italian poet, vi 830 ; Bast-
villiana, viii 778 sq. ; xi 649
Montigny, Floris de Montmorency, Baron
of, m 194 sq.; 205; 207; 217; 227; 251
Montijo, Count, Spanish diplomatist, vi
166
Montils-l^z-Tours, Charles VII's ordinance
of, I 403, 449
Montlosier, Franpois-Dominique de Bey-
naud, Comte de, vni 8; x 90
Montluo {or Monluc), Blaise de. Marshal of
France, defends Siena, n 88; m 14;
64 sq.
• Jean de, Sieur de Balagny. See
Balagny
Jean de. See Valence, Bishop of
Montmartre, Bliicher at (1814), ix 553
Montm^dy, given up by France (1559), n
93
Montmdlian, fortified by Savoy, in 410;
French capture of (1600), 418, 677
Montmollin, George de, Chancellor of Neu-
chatel, V 449
Montmorency, Anne de. Marshal and Con-
stable of France, ii 49, 71; invasion of
Savoy by, 73; 92 sq.; influence and
career of, 97 sqq.; 296; Triumvirate
joined by, 300; 505; 517; captured at
St Quentin, 547; m 4-6, 8; death of
(1567), 9
• Diana of Angouleme, Duchess of
(wife of Duke Francis), in 46
Floris de, Baron of Montigny. See
Montigny
Francis, Duke of, Marshal of France,
m 15 sq., 22; sent to Bastille, 24; re-
leased, 28, 30, 46
• Henry, Count of Damville, Marshal
of France, Duke of, ni 5 sqq.; Governor
of Paris, 20 sqq.; 30; Duke of Mont-
morency, 41; Governor of Lan^aedoc,
406 sq., 413 sqq.; politique, 661; 666
Henri II, Due de, iV 126; seizes B,6
and Oleron, 131; Gaston and, 139 sq. ;
death of, 140; 154 sq., 609
Matthieu-J.-F. de Montmorency-
Laval, Due de, x 34 sq. ; French Minister
of Foreign Affairs, 74; and intervention
in Spain, 79 ; dismissed from office, ib. ;
at Verona, 225
• Philip de, Count van Hoorn. See
Hoorn.
See M^ru and Thor6 (sons of Anne,
Duke of)
Montmorin-Saint-H^rem, Comte Armand-
Marc de, ti'oreign Secretary, viu 104, 124,
132; dismissed, 163; returns to the Foreign
Office, 188, 216; resign^i, 216, 222; 288
Montmors, Claude de, friend of Calvin, n
351
General Index.
479
Montobbio, Castle of, surrendered by the
Fieschi to Genoa, n 82
Montojo, Spanish admiral, vn 679
Montpellier, besieged by Joyeuse, m 3 ;
Calvinists in, 676; Peace of, signed
(1622), IV 56, 68, 130; siege of (1622),
128; 134
Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d' Orleans,
la, Grande Mademoiselle, iv 608; at Orleans,
616 ; battle of Saint- Antoine and, 617 ; v
650
Antoine-Marie-Philippe-Louis d' Or-
leans, Duo de, marriage of, xi 17, 33,
37 sq., 553 sqq.; 101; ordered to leave
Spain, 569; 570
Charles, Count of. See Bourbon
Francis of Bourbon, Duke of, in
51 sq.
Henry of Bourbon, Duke of, m 674,
679
Louis I de Bourbon, Comte de, 1 114,
116 sq.
Louis II de Bourbon, Duke of, ra
11 sq.; 23; 25; 241
Marie de Bourbon, Duchesse de, iv
130
Marie-Louise-Fernande de Bourbon,
Duchesse de, marriage of, xi 17, 33, 37
sq., 553 sq.; 557; and the Mexican throne,
565; ordered to leave Spain, 569
Montreal, trading-post at, vn 76 sq,, 94;
Amherst's expedition against (1759), 137,
139, 141 sqq. ; Montgomery's expedition
against (1775), 170; disaffection at, 337;
Wilkinson's expedition against (1813),
341; British in, ix 747; x 687; 689;
industries of, xn 612
Montr^sor, Claude de Bourdeille, Comte de,
one of les Importants, iv 596
Montreuil, besieged by the English (1544),
n 78, 459
Jean de, agent of Mazarin in Eng-
land, IV 338 sq.
Montrevel, Nicolas-Auguste de la Baume,
Marquis de. Marshal of France, v 26
Montrond, surrendered to the Crown, iv
613; Cond6 at, 615; capitulation of
(1652), 617
envoy of Napoleon, ix 618
Montrose, Jacobite rising at, vi 98;
102 sq.
James Graham, 1st Marquis and 5th
Earl of, plot of, iv 316; victories of, 328,
330, at Kilsyth, 332; defeat of, at
Philiphaugh, 337, 506; Charles I and,
333, 338, 339; at Glasgow, 500; 502 sq.;
••Plotters" and, 505; taken prisoner,
509; 527
Monts, Pierre du Guast, Sieur de. Lieu-
tenant of the King in New France, vn 71
Mont St Jean, Wellington at (1815), ix
631 sqq.
Montserrat, v 110; the English in, 687;
captured by the French, vi 454; 464;
cultivation of limes in, xn 654
Monza, King Humbert assassinated at, xn
223
Monzon, Cortes at (1563), m 488; Philip II
at, 513 sq.; Treaty of (1626), iv 38, 57,
69 sqq., 88, 130, 675 sq. ; Philip IV at,
643; in French hands, 653
Mookerheide, fight at (1514), in 239
Moon, Mountains of the, xn 812
Moor, The (Wolsey's palace in Hertford-
shire), Treaties of (1525), n 425, 427
M6or, Hungarian defeat at, xi 203
Moor, Comeille de, printer of the Spectateur
Beige, x 629
Moorcroft, William, horse-dealer and
traveller, xn 798; 800 sq.
Moore, James, attacks St Augustine
(Florida), vn 36 sq.
Sir John, General, at Goteborg, ix
322; sent to Spain, 440; commander in
Portugal, 442; at Salamanca, 443 sqq.;
campaign of Corunna, 445 sq.
< Thomas, Governor of St Lucia, ix
760
Thomas, poet, lampoons of, on the
Eegent, ix 690; 706; x 669; 715
Moors of Spain. See Moriscos
Mora, Jos6 Joaquin de, x 210; secret
mission of, to Italy, 212 sqq.
Morad, Prince, son of Shah Jehan, vi 519
Morales, Don Juan Ventura, Spanish In-
tendant at New Orleans, vn 325
Morand , Charles - Antoine - Louis - Alexis ,
Comte, French general, defeated at
Liineburg, ix 515
Morard de Galles, J. Bonaventure, French
admiral, vm 450, 465 sq. ; and the
English invasion, 473 sq.
Morat, siege of, by Charles the Bold (1476),
I 391 ; battle of (1802), ix 100
Morata, Olympia, at Court of Ferrara, ii
384, 387
Moratin, Nicolas Fernandez de, Spanish
dramatic poet, v 69
Morato, Fulvio Peregrine, n 384
Moravia in the 15th century, i 329 ; ceded
to Matthias Corvinus, 331 ; Diet of, 335 ;
Estates of, ra 721; ceded to Archduke
Matthias, 726, 733; moderate policy of,
IV 22; revolts, 26, 28, 64; Anhalt in, 65;
Wallenstein in, 72; 74; reaction in, 75;
87; 101; effects of War in, 417, 421;
VI 204; Prussian invasion of, 233 sqq,;
255; 277; Prussian army in, 279; 280;
286; 310; 339; Joseph II visits, 626;
insurrection in, 628; 638; 706 sq.; Su-
v6roff in, IX 41; Napoleon in, 258; xi
171 ; and Hungary, 202 ; Austrian troops
in, 448, 452; electoral parties in, xn
188; 195; 200 sq.
Jodocus, Margrave of, v 621 sq.
Procopius, Margrave of, v 621
Moravian community, at Herrnhut, v 762
sq. See also Pietism
Moray, Alexander Stewart, 5th Earl of,
Scottish Secretary of State, v 290
30—2
480
General Index,
Moray, James Stewart, 2nd Earl of, n 554,
558, 673, 581, 595; relations with Mary,
m 263, 266-8; flies to England, 270 sqq.,
275; Kegent of Scotland, 276 sqq.; as-
sassinated (1570), 282; 549
Morbegno, capital of Squadre, iv 35 sqq. ;
41; Serbelloni at, 62
Mordaunt, Charles, Earl of Peterborough.
See Peterborough
Sir John, supporter of Queen Mary,
n 514
John, afterwards Baron and Viscount,
Boyalist conspirator, iv 447; 540
Sir John, English commander (d.
1780), VI 342& (in Vol. xiii)
Mordvinoff, Count Nicolas, Kussian ad-
miral, X 427; 441
More, Alexander, vi 798
Hannah, vm 763
Henry, Cambridge Platonist, iv 791 ;
V 750 sq.; 754
Sir Thomas, influence of New
World on, i 56; Utopia, 66-8, 491,
626, 641, V 325; n 421, 432; be-
comes Chancellor, 436; resigns oflGlce,
438; Nun of Kent and, 441; arrest and
imprisonment of, 441 sq.; trial and execu-
tion of, 443; character of, ih.
Morea, The, conquest of, by Turks (1462),
I 75 sq., 285; Venetian conquests in,
V 365, 371; vi 4; Turks in, 30; Venice
and, 605 sq. ; 675
Moreau, Jean Victor, French general, vm
435 ; captures the Dutch fleet, 436 ; 497,
509, 511 ; in Italy (1799), 656 sq., 677 sq. ;
and Brumaire, 678, 680; ix 21-2; 29,
32, 57-8, 61, 64, 66-8, 137
de St M^ry, Med^ric-Louis-Elie, Ad-
ministrator of Parma, etc. (1802), ix
398
Moreira, confessor of Joseph I of Portugal,
VI 386
Morel, Francois, French Reformer, n 295,
302, 573
Frederic, editor of Philo, i 613, 617
Gilles, editor of Latin Fathers, i 618
Morellet, Andr6, Abbe, reports on French
India Company, vi 549 sq. ; vni 727, 755
Morelli, Michele, and Neapolitan insurrec-
tion, X 112
Morally, Code de la Nature, vin 16, 32 sq. ;
26
Morelos, Jos6 Manuel, Mexican leader, x
303 sq.
Moreman, English divine, imprisoned, n
601
Moreno, Garcia, President of Ecuador, xii
673
Don Juan, Spanish vice-admiral, ix
54
Moreto, Augustin, plays of, rv 662
Moreton, William, Bishop of Kildare, v 320
Morette, ambassador of Savoy, in 274
Morgan, Sir Charles, Colonel, iv 99 ; defeats
Spanish fleet off Tertolen, 695; 696
Morgan, Daniel, American general, vn 215,
227
Edwin Dennison, U.S. Senator from
New York, vn 599
Henry, Bishop of St David's, n 631
Sir Henry, buccaneer, v 691 ; x 272
Jacques de, discoveries of, at Susa,
xn 846
Thomas, adherent of Mary, Queen
of Scots, m 291
William, New York bricklayer, vn
379
Morgarten, battle of (1316), n 305; French
repulse at (1798), vm 640
Morges de Roux, P. -P. de Sales-D^agut,
Comte de, vin 116
Morgue, Austrian general, ix 62
Morier, James, travels of, in Persia, xn
800
Morigia, founder of the Barnabites, n 648
Morillo, Pablo, Spanish commander, x 227
sq. ; in South America, 290 sqq. ; returns
to Europe, 294; 306
Moriones, Domingo, Spanish general, xn
260
Moriscos, in Spain, persecution of, n 99;
III 105; revolt of, 131; deputation to
Constantinople (1569), 132, 493-4, 496;
Valentian, 542; expelled from Aragon,
Andalusia, Castile, etc., 543-4, 682; ex-
pelled from Spain, v 376
Morison, Eobert, botanist, v 734
Morisson, Charles-F.-G., French advocate,
vin 255
Moritz, Karl Philipp, Anton Reiser, x 388;
399
Morlaix, burnt by the English (1622), n
420
Morley, George, Bishop of Winchester, v
334 sq.
Colonel Herbert, iv 545, 547
of Blackburn, John Morley, Viscount,
Secretary for Ireland, xn 43 sq. ; 46; 49;
87 ; Secretary for India, 496 sq.
Mormons, The, vn 402 sq., 738
Mornay, Philippe de, Seigneur du Plessis-
Marly, in 22 ; leader of stricter Huguenots
at B^arnese Court, 38, 46, 52, 62, 670,
681; probable author of Vindicice contra
Tyrannos, 760 sqq.
Mornington, B. C. Wellesley, Earl of. See
Wellesley, Marquis of
Morny, Charles-Louis- Joseph, Duo de, xi
131; 134 sq.; Minister of Interior, 136
137 sq. ; President of Chamber, 294; 297
299; 327; supports Napoleon HI, 471
472; 482
Moro, Domenico, x 122
Morocco, factories in, i 496; Florentine
trade with, 507; Portuguese invasion of,
m 499; Treaty of Holland with (1609),
645; Ripperdi in, vi 143; xi 16; French
policy in, 35; Spanish War in, 664; 565
sq.; XII 3; 9; 55; 129; later French policy
in, 132 sq. ; Germany and, 171 sq. ; 266;
General Index,
481
misgoverament in, 456; 659; the Powers
and, 660; 664; shipwrecked captives in,
806; 808; 811
Morone, Cardinal Giovanni de. See Modena,
Bishop of
Girolamo, n 23; conspiracy of, 52
Morosini, Francesco, Venetian general, v
348; 365
Jean-FranQois, Cardinal, in 44, 46,
449, 452
Michele, Doge of Venice, i 269
Morozoff, Boris, and Tsar Alexis, v 517
Kussian merchant, xii 346
Morpeth, Lord. See Carlisle, Earl of
Morrill, Justin Smith, Republican poli-
tician, vii 606
Morris, Gouverneur, Pennsylvanian deputy
at Constitutional Convention, Vol. vn,
Chap, vin passim] American Minister at
Paris, 319, 328; vin 34
Thomas A., Federal general, vn
457
William, poet, xi 357
Morrison, Robert, missionary, xi 812
Morse, Nicolas, Governor of Madras, vi
536
Samuel Finley Breese, vn 415
Mortara, Agricultural Congress at, xi 75
Mortemart, Casimir- Louis -V. de Roche-
chouart. Due de, x 484
Mortensen, Klaus, Danish Reformer, n 610
Mortensson, Jens, n 618
Mortier, Edouard-A.-C. -Joseph, Due de
Trevise, Marshal of France, vni 661;
receives Treviso, ix 111; defeated by
Kutusoff, 257; at Vienna, 258 ; at Mainz,
274; ordered to march on Cassel, 278;
takes Hamburg, 282; besieges Kolberg,
288; at Friedland, 290; corps of, 441;
453, 463; left in Moscow, 498; guards
Lindenau, 537; at Bar-sur-Aube, 545;
defends Paris, 553 ; in ofl&ce under
Louis-Philippe, x 494
Morton, James Douglas, 4th Earl of,
Regent of Scotland, ni 271, 279, 285-6;
executed (1581), 287, 549-50
John, Cardinal, i 477
Oliver Perry, Governor of Indiana,
vn 624
Thomas, Bishop of Durham, v 328
Thomas, squatter at Home Bay, vn
15 sq.
— - William Thomas Green, first em-
ploys ether, xn 779
Morveau, Guyton de. See Guyton-Morveau
Morville, Charles-Jean-Baptiste Fleurian,
Count of, French Minister for Foreign
Affairs, vi 146
Morvilliers, J. de, Bishop of Orleans. See
Orleans
Morwen, Dr John, President of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford, imprisoned, n
601
Moryson, Fynes, m 696
Mosoherosoh, Johanu Michael, iv 425
Moscow, origin and growth of, v 477
sqq. ; 480 sq.; 483; Patriarchate of, 484,
506; 487; and Oprichnina, 490; 492;
burnt (1571), 493; 499; besieged (1606),
500 sq.; Poles driven out of, 502; Polish
attack on (1618), 504; 508; foreigners
in, 511, 513, 517; rising in, 515; 516;
education in, 529; improvements in,
530 sq. ; 534; Catharine I crowned at,
548; Peter II crowned at, 554; 556;
587; the Academy of Sciences at, 741;
Tsarina Elizabeth at, vi 311 sq.; 681;
Legislative Commission at, 687; 688;
695; 699; coronation of Tsar at (1796),
IX 36; Eostopchin at, 40; campaign of,
380, 396; march of Grand Army on
(1812), 489 sqq.; French entry into,
496, 506; evacuation of, 498; military
administration of, x 420 ; secret societies
in, 433; Constantine I declared Tsar at,
440; mutiny in, 441; Nicholas declared
at, 442; xi 266; serfs at, 267; 270;
615; 618; local government in, 621;
625; Pan-slavist Congress at, 634, xn
304; 298; 301; revolutionary spirit in,
303, 305 sq., 308; strike in, 319; 320;
325; improvements in, 327; 331; the
Besyeda club at, 333; 346; 348; 350;
353; congresses in, 354 sq., 358; Zemstvo
Congress at, 362; rising at, 362 sq. ; 366;
375 sq. ; Richard Chancellor in, 793
Nikon, Patriarch of, v 503; 506
sq. ; ecclesiastical reforms by, 508 sq. ;
517 sq.
Philaret (I) (Theodore Romanoff),
Patriarch of, v 497 ; 500 ; power of, 502 sq. ,
506; 516
Philaret (II) Patriarch of (1821),
X 423; 437
Moscow, Slavophil journal, xn 298
Gazette, xi 625 sq. ; xn 359
Moselle river, xi 580; the French retire
behind, 588; 589; 592
Moser, Johann Jacob, statesman, historian,
and pietist, v 762
Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von, German
historian, v 760; xn 817
Moshesh, Basuto chief, xi 783; 787
Mosquito Coast, and the Clayton-Bulwer
Treaty, xn 686
♦•Mosquito fleet," The, vn 679
Mosquito Indians, Great Britain and, xn
685
Mossel Bay, Da Gama at, i 25
Mossorin, Hungarian reverse at, xi 211
Mosto, Ca da, Venetian captain, discovers
Cape Verde Is., i 15
Mostovski, Count Thaddaeus, Russian
Minister of Home Affairs, x 449
Motecuhzoma, ruler of Mexico, i 41 sq.
Motien Pass, Japanese troops in, xn 587 sq.
Motley, John Lothrop, American historian,
vn 745; xn 842
Motz, F. C. A. von, Prussian Minister of
Finance, z 372 sqq.; 878
482
General Index,
Moucheron, Balthasar de, and North-West
passage, in 631-3
Moulai-Hafid, defeats Abd-el-Aziz, xn 133
Moulaya valley, French occupation of, xn
133
MoCilins, Jean-F.-Auguste, Director, viii
669 sq., 675, 679 sq.
Moulins-sur-Allier, Assembly at (1566), in
8 ; French opposing armies at, 29 ; Mont-
morency at, 30
Mounet, General, ix 358,
Mounier, Baron Claude-Edouard-Philippe,
X 52 ; created a peer, 58 ; chief of the
Police, 63
Jean- Joseph, French politician, viii
1, 113, 116; and reform, 122, 129; and
States General, 149, 152, 155; and Eight
Centre, 173 ; 178, 180, 182 sq. ; retires to
Geneva, 185
French general, at Naples, vni 653
Mountcashell, Justin MacCarthy, Viscount,
v312
Mountjoy, Charles Blount, 8th Baron, after-
wards Earl of Devonshire, iii 323 ; 533 ;
Lord Deputy of Ireland, 608-9
William Stewart, 1st Viscount, v
309
Mount Lyell, copper discovered at, n 619
Morgan, gold discovered at, xii 619
Mountmorres, William Browne de Mont-
morency, 5th Viscount, xn 38
Moura, Don Cristobal de, in 499, 514, 526,
529
Mousa, Kaimakam, Pasha, Janissaries
helped by, ix 388
Mousehole,in Cornwall, burned by Spaniards,
m321
Mousinho da Silveira, Portuguese states-
man, in the Azores, x 327 ; reforms by,
337 sq.
Moustier, Lionel, Marquis de, French
ambassador at Berlin, xi 403 ; Foreign
Minister, 483
Mouvans, Antoine de, Huguenot leader, n
297 ; m 11
Mouy, Huguenot leader, murdered in Niort,
m 14; 16, 19
Madame de, ni 16
Mowat, Sir Oliver, Canadian politician, xi
769
Moy Hall, Prince Charles at, vi 116
Mozaffar Jang, ruler of the Deccan, vr
539 sq.
Mozambique, Da Gama at, i 25 ; Anglo-
Dutch expedition to, iv 738; xi 574;
European settlement at, 575; 778; xn
3 ; 640 ; Portuguese in, 657, 660 ; 663
Mstislavl, district of, vi 669
Mstislavski, Prince Ivan, v 491 ; 496 sqq.
Muata Yanvo, embassy to, xn 808; 809
"Mud March," Burnside's (1863), vn 484
Mudki, Sikh force at, xi 739
Miicheln, Soubise at, vi 270 sq.
Muffling, Frederick Ferdinand Karl, Baron
von, illness of, ix 551
Miihlbacher, Engelbert, German historian,
xn829
Miihlberg, victory of Charles V at, n 81,
261, m 120; effect of, on French policy,
n492
Miihlhausen (Elsass), annexed to France
(1798), vm 597, 640
(Thuringia) , Miinzer and Pfeiffer in,
nl86; surrendered (1525), 189; Catholic
Princes at, iv 32, 110
Miilheim, Protestant settlement at, rv 11
Miilinen, Grisons commander, iv 50 sq.
Miillenhoff, Carl V., German philologist,
xn 823
Miiller, Adam, x 357; 363; and Prussian
tariff reform, 373 ; conversion of, to
Bome, 380; xn 826
Hans, of Bulgenbach, leader in the
Peasants' Eising, n 178 sq., 182, 190
Johann. See Eegiomontanus
Johannes von, Swiss historian, vi
625 ; vin 781 ; ix 335 ; 425 ; completes
History of Swiss Confederation, 427; xi
261 ; xn 817 ; 843
Otfried, German scholar, xn 821;
824; 844
Miillern, Chancellor of Sweden, vi 34
Miinch-Bellinghausen, Count Joachim von.
President of Federal Diet, x 370
Miinchengratz, Daun at, vi 291 ; Convention
of (1833), X 376, 546, 557, 563, 565;
Austrian repulse at, xi 453
Mtinchhausen, Baron Gerlach Adolph von,
Hanoverian statesman, vi 4
Miinnich, Burkhard Christoph von, Eussian
commander-in-chief, vi 196 sq.; 302 sqq.;
309; arrested and banished, 311 sqq.; 322
Miinsingen, political meeting at, xi 240
Miinster, Anabaptist movement at (1535),
n 103, 222, 224 sqq., in 740; siege
and capture of (1535), n 227; bishopric
of. III 705; Ernest of Bavaria elected
Prince Bishop of, 709 ; Christian of Hal-
berstadt at, iv 79, 86 ; Peace conference
and Treaty of (1648), 146, 398 sqq., 433,
598, 659, 715 sq., 723 sq., 744, 787,
V 52, 166, 675 ; war of, with United Pro-
vinces, 157 sq.; 161; Treaty of, and the
Scheldt, VI 641 sqq., vni 281; Prussian
acquisitions in (1802), ix 78; bishopric
of, 93 ; Prussian portions of, 410
Bishops of: —
Christoph Bernard von Galen, iv
426 ; Rheinbund signed by, 431 ; v 37 ;
and Charles II of England, 109, 111;
invades United Provinces, 109, 150 sq.,
182 ; 187 ; 569 ; and Sweden, 571 ; and
Great Elector, 649, 651
Ernest of Bavaria, in 709
Franz von Waldeck, n 220, 224 sq.
Miinster, Ernst F. H., Count von, Hano-
verian statesman, at the Congress of
Vienna, ix 587 ; 609 sqq., 647 sqq.; x 374
Sebastian, the Biblia Hebraica of,
n 855: v 493
Genei^al Index.
483
Miinzer, Thomas, Anabaptist, ii 166 sq.,
177 ; Peasants' Kising and, 182, 186-9 ;
323 ; in 739
Miirzsteg, programme of, xn 211, 426
Mufti, in Ottoman State under Moham-
mad II, I 101 ; under Solyman the
Magnificent, ni 127 sq.
Muggleton, Lodowick, v 330
"Mugwumps," in Presidential election of
1884, vn 653
Muir, Thomas, advocate, vm 770
Sir William, and Sher Ali, xn 466
Mukden, railway at, xn 344 ; 354 ; Eussian
troops in, 587 ; 591 ; Eussians retire on,
592 ; 597 ; battle of, 598 ; 600
Mukhtar, explorers at, xn 808
Muktija Effendi, xn 400
Mulder, Gerrit-Jan, and Dutch bishoprics,
XI 665
Muldraugh's Hill, Sherman occupies (1861),
vn463
Muley Hassan, Tunis taken from, m 110 ;
reinstated in Tunis, 111
Mulgrave, Lord. See Normanby
Muller, Baron Jacques-Leonard, commands
the Western Army of the Pyrenees, vm
440
Mullingar, Ginkel at, v 317
Mulraj, Governor of Multan, xi 740
Multan, rebellion at, xi 740 sq.
" Multatuli." See Dekker
Multeka-ul-ubhar (Turkish code of laws),
I 98
Mun, Adrien- Albert-Marie, Comte de, xn
94; 115; 119
Thomas, iv 733; in the East, 745
Munch, Andreas, Norwegian poet, xi 701
Peter Andreas, Norwegian historian,
XI 701
Mundinus, physician, v 724
Munglem, State of, xn 508
Munich, Bavarian Diet at (1556), m 159;
Jesuits at, 161 ; Catholic Union formed at
(1609), 728; meeting of Catholic League
at, 732 ; iv 210 ; Gustavus Adolphus at,
215; capitulates, vi 233; 238; 647;
Moreau advances on, vm 497 ; Court of,
IX 202; Bernadotte marches on (1805),
254 ; wedding of Eugene Beauharnais at,
265; Treaty of (1816), 658; Lamennais
at, X 164 ; Gorres recalled to University
of, 371 ; improvements in, by Ludwig I,
372; XI 61; revolutionary movement in,
145 sq.; 712 sq.; Old Catholic Congress at,
xn 148; 847
Munk, Christina, marriage with Christian
IV, IV 573 sq.
Munkacs, v 366 ; surrenders to Austria
(1687), 367; surrenders to the Eussians
(1849), XI 213
Munoz y Sanchez, Agustin Fernando. See
Eianzares, Duke of
' Torrero, Diego, x 219
Munro, Sir George, at Kirkby Lonsdale,
XY 350
Munro, Sir Hector, General, vi 454 ; 561 sq.;
576
Eobert, in Holstein, rv 102; 107;
at Carrickfergus, 524 ; 527 ; defeated by
Owen O'Neill, 530; 531
Colonel, at Fort William Henry, vn
129 sq.
Munster, religious condition of, m 593 ;
Plantation of, 599-601; and rebellion
of 1641-2, IV 523 sqq.; 526; Inchiquin
and Presidency of, 528; 531; 533 sq.;
VI 490 ; agrarian crime in, 504 ; and
Irish rebellion, ix 702
Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (1375), i 67, 99,
258 ; xn 383
II, Ottoman Sultan (1421-51), i 68,
70,74
Ill, Ottoman Sultan, ra 139, 170
IV, Ottoman Sultan, iv 211
V, Ottoman Sultan, xn 383; 385
Mameluke Bey, vm 600 sqq., 607,
614
Murad, Prince, son of Emperor Akbar,
VI 513
Murano, school of painting of, i 284
Murat, Caroline Maria (nee Bonaparte), ix
267; 406
Joachim, King of Naples, Marshal of
France, vm 396, 564, 603, 611, 615 sq.;
and Brumaire, 677, 679, 686; ix 31;
62-8, 87, 110 ; receives Cleves and Berg,
111 ; Napoleon's letters to, 196 ; com-
mander of French cavalry, 252 ; crosses
the Ehine, 253 ; joins Ney at Stuttgart,
ib. ; pursues Austrian army, 255 ; 257 ;
joins Napoleon, 258 ; at Austerlitz, 260-1 ;
receives the grand duchy of Berg, 267;
at Diet of Ehenish Confederation, 268;
claims Essen, Werden, and Elten, 272 ;
at Jena, 274 sqq.; at Weimar, 276; at
Zehdenick, 279-80; enters Warsaw, 284;
advances on Konigsberg, 290; succeeds
Joseph Bonaparte in Naples, 381 ; and
Queen Maria Caroline of Naples, 382 ; in
Eussia, 384; imprisons Pope, 401-2;
prefers throne of Naples to that of
Portugal, 406-7; and the grand duchy
of Berg, 409 sq.; at Burgos, 430; at
Madrid, 431 sqq.; returns to France, 436;
at Paris, 446 ; and Eussian campaign,
488 sqq.; at Posen, 511-2; 533; at
Leipzig, 634 sqq.; and General Excel-
mans, 571 ; in Italy, 598 ; 603-4 ; defeat
of, 621 ; escapes to Toulon, 622 ; declara-
tion of war against, 648 ; x 111 ; and
idea of an Italian kingdom, 165
Napoleon-Lucien-Charles, Prince, xi
119
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio, historian, vi
589 ; 599 ; xi 706 ; xn 816
Muravi^ff, Michael, and the emancipation
of the serfs, xi 614 sq.; in Lithuania, 629
Nicolai, Governor- General of Eastern
Siberia, xi 272 sq.; xn 344
Nikita, Eussian officer, x 432
484
General Index.
Muravi^ff, Count, mission of, to the Porte
(1832), x551sq.
Count, Russian Foreign Minister
(1898), XII 341
Lieutenant, Russian explorer, xn 795
Muravi^ff-Apostol, Hippolytus, x 442
Matthew, x 442
Sergius, Russian lieutenant-colonel,
X 442 sq.; 454
Murchison river, gold discovered on, xii 619
Murcia, lost by the Allies, v 419 ; retreat
of Spanish troops to (1809), ix 456 sq.;
struggle in (1811-2), 470; anarchy in,
xn 261
Mxircielago, El (The Bat), Spanish journal,
XI 559 sq.
Muret, Marc-Antoine (Muretus), ni 55, 69
Murfreesborough, battle of (1862), vn 507
sq.
Murillo, Bartolomeo Esteban, art of, iv 664
Juan Bravo. See Bravo Murillo
Murinais-d'Auberjon, A.-V.- Augustin, Comte
de, French general, vm 512
Murner, Thomas, Franciscan preacher, i
675; II 159 sq., 162, 168, 174 sq., 331;
the Heretics' Calendar^ 334
Miiromtseff, Russian politician, xn 327 ;
356 sq. ; 360 ; President of Duma, 366 sq.
Murphy, Father John, and Irish rebellion,
IX 701
Murray river, exploration of, xi 792, 795
Lord George, Jacobite general, vi
112 sqq.
James, General, Governor of Minorca,
VI 379 ; 452 ; at capture of Quebec, vn
137, 141 sqq.; Governor of Canada, ix
741
John, and Quarterly Review, ix 687
Sir John, General, beats off Suchet,
IX 479 ; sails for Catalonia, t&. ; and the
war with Holkar, 727
• Sir John, of Broughton, vi 109; .111;
114
Robert, and a national bank, v 266
William. See Mansfield, 1st Earl of
Admiral, expedition of, to Chili, ix
753
■ de Melgum, Count Joseph Jacob,
Austrian commander. Governor of the
Austrian Netherlands, vni 319 sq.
Murri, Romolo, and Gultura Sociale, xn 230
Murshidabad, treasury of, vi 555, 558, 568,
582 ; Court of Appeal at, ix 711
Murviedro, xn 257 ; Don Alfonso proclaimed
at, 262
Murzuk, explorers at, xn 806 sqq., 811
Musaffar-ed-din. See Muzaffar-ed-din
Muscat, held by Portugal, iv 744
Muscovy, jealous of annexations of Poland,
m 82 ; Stephen Bathory in, 101 ;
Bathory's designs upon, 103. See also
Russia
Company of England, v 513
Tsars or Grand Dukes of. See
Michael and Alexis Romanoff
Musculus, Wolfgang, editor of Eusebius,
I 616
Music. See Art
Musin-Pushkin, Count Ivan, v 530
Muskeyn, Fleming in the French service,
vm 481
Musquiz, Don Miguel, Spanish Minister of
Finance, vi 371
Musset, Louis-Charles-Alfred de, x 101 ;
516; XI 608; 612; poetry of, 513;
comedies of, 515
Mussi, Muzio, xn 220
Musso, the war of (1531), n 336
Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan, v 369 sq.
Ill, Ottoman Sultan, vi 355
IV, Ottoman Sultan, ix 388
(son of Mohammad II) , defeats Uzun
Hasan, i 82
Prince, murder of, m 121, 124
Lala, in 131, 134
Pasha of Skutari, x 548
Kamel, Egyptian agitator, xn 454 sq.
Mustagh, glacier pass of, xn 802
Musurus, Marcus, printer in Venice, i 562,
565 sq.; n 16
Muthill, burnt by Jacobites, vi 102
Mutianus, Conrad, scholar of Erfurt, i 435,
624
Mutiny, Indian. See India, also Sepoy
Act, English, effects of passing of,
V 259
Bill, Irish, of 1781, vi 499 ; Grattan's
Observations on, ib.
Mutkuroff, Lieut. -colonel, Regent of Bul-
garia, xn 409
Mutsu Hito, Mikado of Japan, accession of,
XI 855 ; 856 sqq, ; xn 539 ; 545 ; 548 sq. ;
grants a Constitution, 551; 556 sq.; and
Saigo, 561; 563
Mutti (Muth), Conrad (Mutianus Rufus),
scholar at Erfurt, n 111
Muzaffar-ed-din, Amir of Bokhara, xi 630 sq.
Shah of Persia, xn 344
Muzzarelli, Carlo, Monsignor, xi 91
Mycenae, excavations in, xn 845
Myconius, the "Reformer of Weimar"
(Oswald Geisshiissler) , n 104 sq., 130,
161 ; at the Conference of Marburg, 207 ;
310, 318 ; in Basel, 355
Myed6, Burmese army at, xi 728
Myers, British officer at Albuera, ix 467
Myle, van der, Dutch ambassador to Venice
(1609), in 645
Myngs, Sir Christopher, English vice-
admiral, V 190
Myroure for Magistrates, A (Thomas Sack-
ville's), ni366
Mysore, vi 540 ; 541 ; Haidar Ali in, 549 ;
567 ; 577 ; campaigns in, ix 715 ; 723 ;
British administration in, xi 730 ; govern-
ment of, xn 476
Mytho, ceded to France, xn 524
Naarden, destruction of (1572), in 234-5;
captured (1673), v 161
General Index,
485
Nabokoff, V., Eussian Minister of Justice,
XII 309; 312; 333
Nacchianti, Jacopo. See Chioggia, Bishop
of
Nachod, Prussian army at, vi 279, 632,
705; XI 452; fight at, 453
Nachtigal, Gustav, traveller in Africa, xn
160; 811
Nadasdi, Th., Hungarian Keformer, i 340
Nadasdy, Franz Leopold, Count, Austrian
field-marshal, vi 273 ; 275 sq.
Francis, and the Hungarian con-
spiracy, V 351 sq.
Nadaud, Martin, French deputy, xi 136
Nadin, surrendered by Venice to Turks, m
116
Nadir Shah (Kuli Khan), and Eussia, vi
304; 307; 524; 527
Nafels, battle of, vi 617
Nageli, Karl Wilhelm, botanist, xi 260
Nagano Shuzen, retainer of li Kamon no
Kami, xi 837
Nagasaki, foreign traders at, xi 823 ; Dutch
factory at, 828, xn 556; xi 830 sq.; port
of, opened, 833; 839 sq.; 843; British
firm at, 846; 848; 859; Eoman Catholic
mission at, 861 sq.; xii 567
Nagera, Duke of, rebels against Ferdinand
of Spain, i 365
Duke of (son of above), viceroy of
Navarre, i 378
N4gpur, position of (1785), ix 719; xi 725
sq.; annexation of, 743
Nagy Sarlo, Austrian defeat at, xi 206
Nagyvarad. See Grosswardein
Naharro, Torres de, Spanish writer, i 380
NahuatlacA, The, of Mexico, i 38 sq., 43
Nairn, the Duke of Cumberland at, vi 116
Nairne, John Nairne, Lord, Jacobite, vi
103; 113
Naissance, La, de la Paix, rv 787
Nakagawa, Prince, the Mikado's chief ad-
viser, XI 849
Nakai, defends British Minister at Kioto,
XI 861
Nakas, The, of Catharine H (1767), vi
686 sqq.
Nakhichevan, ceded to Eussia (1828), x 444,
XI 274
Nal^czy, Joseph, Hungarian writer, xi 422
Naldi, Dionigi di, Venetian general, i 132
Namaqualand, German missionaries in,
xn 658; 664
Nambu clan, xi 859
Namling, visited by Englishmen, xii 798
Namur, county of, purchased by Philip the
Good, I 419; defence of, by Charles V,
n 89; seized by Don John of Austria
(1577), III 247, 499, 501, 515; Thomas
of Savoy defeated near, iv 697 ; captured
by French (1692), v 60, 261; taken by
William HI (1695), 62, 661; 63; 422;
450; Barrier Treaties and, 457 sqq.; siege
of (1746), VI 247; 647; 656; socialism at,
xn 252
Namur, Albert Ludovic de Lichtervelde,
Bishop of, VI 650
Nana Farnavls, and Maratha War, ix 710;
relations of, with Sindhia, 718 sqq.; death
of, 725
Nana Sahib (Dhondev Pant), xi 727; 731;
at Cawnpore, 747 sq.; 749
Nancr^, Marquis de, French envoy to
Madrid, vi 30
Nancy, defeat of Charles the Bold at, i 391 ;
Charles IX at, ra 7; Louis XIII at, iv
140; a French possession (1633), 143;
246 ; 620 ; ex-King Stanislaus at, vi 199 ;
Parlement of, vin 47; mutiny at (1790),
192, 194, 404; Comte d'Artois at (1814),
IX 560; XI 30; political demonstrations
at, 137; 686; 689; German force at,
592
Anne-L.-H. de la Fare, Bishop of,
vm 146, 151, 689
Nanking, British force at, xi 809 ; 813 ; the
"Taipings" at, 820 sq.; Treaty of, 807,
811 ; travellers at, xn 796 sq.
Nanningfu, foreign trade at, xu 506
Nansen, Fridtjof, xn 281; 795; 815
Hans, Burgomaster of Copenhagen,
V 559
Nanshan, xn 585; battle of, 586
Nantes, the Conspiracy of (1560), n 292;
vm 60; assaulted by the Vendeans, 341,
353; Carrier at, 356, 377; the Duchess
of Berry at (1832), x 488, 490; harbour
of, XII 102
Edict of. See Edict
Nantwich, Eoyalist defeat at (1643), iv 312 ;
(1644), 321, 527
Napier, Sir Charles, x 331 ; in command of
Dom Pedro's fleet, 332 sq.; at Lisbon,
334; 335; in Minho, 336; 337; in
the Levant, 669, 571; in Baltic, xi
317
Sir Charles James, Commander in
Sind, XI 735 sqq.; 745
Sir Joseph, Attorney-General for
Ireland, xii 69
Eobert Cornells, Lord Napier of
Magdala, xi 749; 753
Sir William Francis Patrick, as a
historian, xi 364
William John, Lord Napier, mission
of, to China, xi 805; 810
of Merchiston, Francis Napier, Lord,
in India, xn 463
of Merchiston, John, v 708 sqq.
Naples (state and city), in 15th century,
I 104 sq.; French claim to, 108 sq., 287;
Charles VIII at (1495), 115, 231 sq.;
French expelled from (1496), 117; designs
of Louis XII on, 123 ; French occupation
of (1501), 124, 127, 239; Spanish occu-
pation of (1503), 142, 362; academy of,
founded by Pontanus, 560; siege of city
of (1528), n 58 sq.; subsidy voted to
Charles V at, 71; rebellion of (1548),
83 ; the Eeformation in, 387-91 ; ravaged
486
General Index,
fi
by Barbarossa, in 109; brigandage in,
430 ; 454 ; rival dynasties in, 464-5 ;
Philip II proclaimed King of (1554),
476; raided by Turks, 486; revolt at
(1565), 489; Don John in, 497 sq.;
Philip orders ships from, 504; Dutch
trade with, 631 ; expedition of Guise
to, IV 482; Osuna and, 631, 633; revolt
of (1647), 600 sq., 639, 656 sqq. ; 666;
669; Urban VIII and, 682 sq.; 685; 687;
Cartesian philosophy in, 791 ; Louis XIV
and, V 53; Milton in, 118; 402; in-
surrection in (1702), 403; captured by
Imperialists (1707), 419; 450; Tsarevich
Alexis at, 539 ; the Academia Secretorum
Naturae of, 740; (the Two Sicilies), and
Spanish Succession question, 383 sq.,
389; 398; 417, 422; Sir George Byng at,
VI 32; Don Carlos in, 62, 153, 167; 151
sq.; 155; and Pragmatic Sanction, 203;
233; 237; 241; 366; anti-clericalism
in, 588; and Concordat (1741), 590;
594; Genoa and, 607 ; (the Two Sicilies),
139; ceded to Don Carlos, 203; the
Papacy and, 586 sqq.; 597 ; under Charles
III, 596 sqq.; 600; War between France
and (1798), vni 607, 649 sqq.; revolt
in (1798-9), 631; French occupation of
(1799), 653 sq.; liberal ideas in, 777 sq.;
Tsar Paul and, ix 42; 68; evacuated
by French, 75; 88; neutrality of, 193;
guarded by Nelson, 220; Mass^na and,
262; Napoleon and Court of, 262-3;
French troops enter (1806), 267; crea-
tion of duchies in, 268; compelled to
exclude British commerce, 364; Berlin
Decree and, 365; 384; French Monarchy
in, 397; Pope claims suzerainty over,
401; 403; British fleet and, 404; Arch-
bishop of, ib.; taxed by Joseph, 405;
result of French rule in, 406 sq.; Murat
receives crown of, 410, 604; action of
(1815), 621; Austrian troops in, 648;
with Sicily {i.e. the Two Sicilies), and
final decision of Congress of Vienna, 661,
667 sq.; revolution (1820) in, vii 368, x
24, 112 sqq., 120; attitude of the Powers
towards (the Two Sicilies), 25 sqq.; French
intervention in, 69; 72; and restoration
of 1815 (in the Two Sicihes), 109 sq. ; the
Carbonari in. 111 sq.; the Spanish Con-
stitution of 1812 imposed upon, 120; and
the Papacy, 132, 143, 150 sq.; Spanish
Constitution proclaimed at, 223; Metter-
nich's supremacy in, 370; xi 41; 69 sq.;
75; movement for reform in, 79 sq.;
and the war with Austria, 84 sq.; Con-
stitutional regime in, 87 sq.; 89 sq. ;
240; Garibaldi in, 332; 375; reaction
in, 379 sq.; King Victor Emmanuel in,
389 sq., 633 sq.; difficulties of govern-
ment in, 530; 531; brigandage in, 535
sq.; Pius IX and, 706; annexed to Italy,
709; strike at, xn 225; 226; socialism
in, 232; 237 sq.; Ismail at, 435
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, vi 215
sq.; 295; and the Corsicans, 350; 352;
and Prussia, 725; 728; 830; Mexican
schemes of, 352; vn 322; and Louisi-
ana question, 324 sqq.; Decrees of, 330
sqq.; American sympathy for, 335; 336,
348, 366; at Toulon (1793), vin 352;
396 sq.; in Army of Italy, 438; 456 sq.;
and invasion of England, 483, 494 sqq.;
497 sqq.; and Coup d'etat (1797), 508 sq.,
512 ; and conquest of Italy, Chap, xvin,
703; and Egyptian expedition. Chaps, xix
and XX ; in Switzerland, 639; lands at
Frejus, 663, 674 sq.; and Brumaire, Chap.
XXII passim; and French finance, 707 sq.;
and Consulate, Vol. ix, Chap, i passim;
37, 39, 40; attempts to separate Tsar
Paul I from England, 41 sq.; 42, 47,
48 sq., 50; forms flotilla in Channel,
51; war policy of, 55 sq.; plans of cam-
paign (1800), 57 sqq.; schemes against
England, 70 sqq. ; and Peace of Amiens,
74 sqq. ; and Tributary States, 81-
106; and Switzerland, 97-106; friction
between Britain and, 101-4; marriage
of, 107; power of, 108-9; creation of
nobility by, 110-3; army system of,
114-6; and finance, 116-20; economic
policy of, 121-6; and education, 127-9;
and regulation of theatres and newspapers,
129-30; and Chateaubriand, 131; and
the Ideologues, 132; makes changes in
thepersojineZ of government, 136; Spanish
policy of, 137; Spanish visit of, 138;
relations of, with Fouch^, 139; assas-
sination of, attempted, ib. ; divorces
Josephine, 139-40; second marriage of,
141 ; Ministerial changes by, 140-1 ;
internal policy of, 141-2 ; growing un-
popularity of, 142 ; and the invasion of
Kussia, 143 ; reported death of, 144 ;
returns to Paris, ib. ; new Ministry of,
145 ; addresses Legislative Body, 146-7 ;
home policy of. Chap, v ; and the French
Codes, Chap, vi; and Concordats, Chap,
vn; coronation of, 191-2; quarrels with
Pius VII, 193-200; and the German
Church, 201-3; relations of, with non-
Eoman and non-Christian subjects, 203-
6; relations of, with the Churches,
206-7; and prohibition of British trade,
240-3; makes overtures to George III,
244-5; assumes kingship of Italy, 247;
relations of, with Austria, 248; schemes
of, for invading England, 251-2 ; Austrian
campaign (1805), 253 sqq. ; enters Vienna,
257; joins Murat, 258; critical position
of, ib. ; negotiations of, with Eussia, 259 ;
policy towards Prussia, 265-6 ; Italy, 267 ;
Holland, ib.; Germany, 268; Turkey,
269; England, ib.; 270; designs of, on
the Mediterranean, 270 ; on Prussia, 272 ;
Prussian campaign, 274 sqq.; annexation
of territory by, 278 sqq. ; policy of, to-
wards Poland, 281-3 ; peace negotiations
General Index,
487
with Prussia, 281-2 ; attitude of, towards
Great Britain, 283; at Warsaw, 284;
difficulties in 1807, 288; at Friedland,
290; peace negotiations with Eussia, 292;
and Prussia, 292-3; policy of, towards
Denmark, 296 sqq.; Portugal, 300 sqq. ;
Prussia, 307-8 ; 317 sqq.; Eastern schemes
of, 308 sqq.; at the Congress of Erfurt,
318; and War of 1809, Chap, xn passim;
and Continental System, Chap, xni pas-
sim', called to the throne of Italy, 394;
advice of, to Eugene Beauharnais, 395;
builds up " a French Italy," 397 ; controls
Court of Florence, 398; issues Senatus Con-
sultum (February 17, 1810), 402; dealings
of, with Naples, 404-7; with Germany,
407-15; with Belgium, 415-6; with
Holland, 416-7; with Illyrian provinces,
417-9 ; with San Domingo, 419-22 ; with
Switzerland, 422-6; political schemes
of, 428; and Spanish Koyal Family,
429-33; makes Joseph King of Spain,
434 ; army of, in Spain, 435-43 ; attacks
Madrid, 444; pursues Moore, 445-6;
returns to France, 447 ; orders of, to
Soult, 456-7; recalls Augereau, 457;
supersedes Massena, 466; recalls troops
from Spain, 471; 475, 481; sends Soult
to Spain, 478; releases Ferdinand VII,
482 ; and Kussian invasion of 1812, Chap.
XVI passim; influence of, in Eussia,
484 sqq. ; health of, 489 ; march of, on
Moscow, 490 sqq. ; enters Moscow, 496 ;
retreat of, 498 sqq.; reaches Paris, 604;
position of, after Moscow, 507 sqq. ; and
War of Liberation, Chap, xvu passim; at
Gross-Gorschen, 517; at Bautzen, 519;
proposes armistice, 520 sq.; plans of, 522
sq. ; at Dresden, 524 sqq. ; hesitation
of, 529; abandons right bank of Elbe,
531; at Leipzig, 536; retreat of, 540;
terms offered to, 542-3; anxiety of,
about Paris, 549; at Laon, 551; at
Eheims, 552; abdication of (April 6,
1814), 554; deposition of, 556 sqq.;
banishment of, to Elba, 558 sq.; and
the Church, 569 ; landing of, at Cannes,
615; during the Hundred Days, Chap.
XX passim ; at Quatre-Bras, 627 sqq. ;
at Waterloo, 632 sqq.; at Paris, 642;
second abdication of, 643 ; flight of, 644 ;
agents of, at Congress of Vienna, 646;
decrees abolition of slave trade, 662;
schemes of, in the East, 714; abandon-
ment of Louisiana by, 741 ; at St Helena,
Chap. XXIV ; Apologia of, 763 sqq.; death
of, 769; achievements of, ib.; contempo-
rary view of, 770; legacy of, to France,
770-1; ideal of a political system for
Europe of, x 1; 9; 11; and the Ideo-
logues, 40 ; and Necker, 40 ; 42 ; 132 ; and
Cardinal Consalvi, 133; 134; and the
Guelfs, 135; and finances of the Papal
States, 136; and Catholic Church in
France, 139; and unity of Italy, 165;
169; 173; and Ferdinand VII of Spain,
205; in Madrid, 282; Mexico and, 303;
341; 344 sq.; and German States, 359
sq.; and Portugal, 310; and Poland, 445;
and Bank of France, 746; and French
industries, 760, 753; xi 24; and Hel-
vetian Eepublic, 235 sqq.; 259; 287;
292 ; 296 ; 302 ; and Prussian army, 579 ;
and India, 637; and Galilean Church,
707; and Suez Canal, xii 430; and
historical research, 829; 834
Napoleon II, Fran^ois-Charles-Joseph, Duke
of Eeichstadt, birth of, ix 142; 380;
645, 762; x 45; plot in favour of (1821),
76; 488
Ill, Emperor of the French, senti-
ments of, towards America, vii 470;
636 ; IX 410 ; Palmerston and, xi 18 ; 21 ;
24; elected to Constituent Assembly,
110 sq.; 117; elected President, 118;
and Pius IX, 121, 128; 378, 468, 478;
and Italian expedition, 123, 126; 127;
appoints a new Ministry, 129; and
Education Acts, 130 sq.; measures by,
against the Eepublicans, 131 sq.; auto-
cratic aims of, 133 sqq.; and the Coup
d'etat of December, 135 sqq.; promul-
gates the Constitution of 1852, 140;
proclaimed Emperor, 141 ; 246 ; mediates
between Prussia and Switzerland, 255
sq. ; character and aims of, 286 sq. ;
foreign policy of, 287 sq., 305 sq.; ad-
ministration of, 288 sqq.; and imperial
family, 292 sq.; marriage of, 293; and
the Church, 295 sq. ; 297 sqq. ; and
improvements in Paris, 303; attempted
assassination of, 304, 327, 375; 306;
and Great Britain, 307, 328 sqq., 338;
and the French claims in Jerusalem,
311 sq.; and Nicholas I, 312; and the
peace negotiations (1855), 322 sq.; 370;
and Cavour, 371; and Italy, 306 sq.;
373 ; alliance of, with Piedmont, 376, 381
sq.; and War with Austria, 383 sq.; 385;
annexes Nice and Savoy, 386 sqq.; 389;
and kingdom of Italy, 390 ; and Austria,
393, 403, 407; proposes a Congress, 436;
445; meets Bismarck at Biarritz, 446
sq. ; 448; and Italo-Prussian alliance,
449; and Austro-Prussian War, 450 sq.,
453 sqq. ; and Luxemburg, 462, 483, 675;
personal policy of, 467 ; Italian policy of,
468, 474, 478, 484 sq. ; clerical opposition
to, 468 sq.; and Anglo-French Treaty of
Commerce, 469 sq.; continued opposition
to, 471 sqq.; and Poland, 476; and
Mexican affairs, 476 sq., 484, 665 sq.;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 477; and the
North German Confederation, 480; 482;
visits Emperor of Austria, 484; and
army reform, 487, 494; compelled to
grant constitutional reforms, 489 sqq.;
and plebiscite, 493; and crisis with
Prussia, 494 sq. ; deposed, 500; Victor
Hugo and, 510; and Italy, 630 sqq.,
488
General Index.
544; and cession of Venetia, 540; Bis-
marck and, 540; 547; Spain and, 564;
and Spanish Succession, 570 ; humiliates
Portugal, 574; attitude of, towards
Prussia, 576 sq. ; and European situation
in 1870, 577; declares war against
Prussia, 463 sq., 578; plan of campaign
of, 581 sq.; conduct of War by, 583 sqq.;
appoints Bazaine to command, 588; re-
tires to Verdun, 590 ; at Chalons, 594 sq. ;
at Sedan, 496, 597 sq.; 600; Bismarck
negotiates with, 611; and Alexander II,
633; and Suez Canal, 638; and Moldo-
Wallachia, 644; and Charles XV of
Sweden, 690; and occupation of Eome,
706 sq.; and Pius IX, 708; and Victor
Emmanuel, 709; 714; and Vatican, 717;
XII 8; and United States, 21; 93 sq. ;
131 ; and Germany, 135 sq. ; 433
Napoleon, Eug6ne-L.-J. -J., Prince Imperial,
at Saarbriicken, xi 583; xii 92; 108
Louis, Prince Eoyal of Holland.
See Napoleon III, Emperor of the French
Prince. See Bonaparte, Napoleon-
J.-C.-P.
Napol6on-Vend^e. See La-Eoche-sur-Yon
Napoleon ville. See Pontivy
Napoli di Eomania. See Nauplia
Naquet, Joseph- Alfred, French politician,
xii 103
Narbonne, revolt of, in 668 ; Commune at,
XI 503
Comte Louis de, Minister of War to
Louis XVI, vin 220 sqq., 405 sq. ; dis-
missed, 223
Narbrough, Sir John, English admiral, v
171
Nardi, Jacopo, Italian historian, i 200
Narentine pirates, defeated by Venice, i
254
Nares, Sir George, Arctic expedition of, xii
815
Nariaki of Mito, xi 828; 832; opposes
Tycoon, 834; 836 sqq.; death of, 841;
844
Ndrodni Noviny, Cech journal, xi 656
Narodnoye Dyelo, Bussian journal, xi 530
Narragansett Bay, Eoger Williams founds
colony at, vii 17
Narragansetts, The, Indian tribe, vn 19
Naruishkin, Alexis, founder of iron-works
in Eussia, v 533
Naruszewicz, Adam Stanislas, Polish writer,
VI 671
Narva, taken from Eussia (1581), iv 167;
ceded to Sweden, 171 sq.; 180; siege of
(1704), V 537, 591; 547; battle of {1700),
588 sq., 666; 631; British vessels escape
from, IX 46
Narvaez, Eam6n Maria, Duke of Valencia,
X 237; 239; 242 sq.; Ministry of, xi 551
sqq.; 554; returns to office (1847), 556
sq. ; retires, 557; 558; and Bravo Murillo,
558 sq. ; 560; forms Ministry (1856), 562;
dismissal of, 663; Ministry of (1864-5),
566 sq. ; fifth Ministry of, 567 sq. ; death
of, 568
Narvaez, Pamphilo de, in Florida, i 64
Narvik, railway to, xn 279; 289
Naryn, fortress at, xi 632
Naseby, battle of (1645), iv 330 sq., 337, 506
Nash, Thomas, English dramatist and
novelist, m 376-7
Nashville, Johnston at, vn 462 sq. ; evacu-
ated (1862), 495; Eosecrans at, 507;
521, 523; Schofield at, 624; battle of
(1864), 625, 528
Nasi, Miquez, in 131
Italian Minister, xii 239
Nasir Jang, ruler of the Deccan, vi 539 sq.
Nasirabad, mutiny of, xi 746
Nasmyth, James, engineer, x 734
Nassau, sufferings of, during the Thirty
Years' War, iv 418 ; Church government
in, IX 201; and Grand Duchy of Berg,
410; contingent of, with Wellington, 622;
and Prussia, x 341 ; 343 ; and Germanic
Confederation, 344, xi 222; Constitu-
tion (1818) of, X 362; the revolutionary
movement in, xi 144 ; 147 ; and Austria,
450; 454 sq.
(Bahamas), blockade of, vn 552, 620
House of, and principality of Orange,
in 190, V 449; ix 583; 592; xi 674
Adolf, Count of (1481), i 443
Adolf, Duke of, xi 147
Adolf, Count of (1568), in 223
Engelbert, Count of, i 449, 452
Frederick, Duke of, ix 268; 657
Frederick flenry of. See Orange
Henry of (the elder), ni 189 sq.
Henry of (the younger), brother of
William the Silent, m 12, 224, 239
Count John of, in 707; commands
Spanish fleet, iv 694 sq.
Count Justin of, m 309, 313, 507
• Count Lewis of (brother of William
the Silent), in 12 sq.; negotiates with
Charles IX, 16 sq.; and Alen(?on, 22;
supports William, 201 sqq., 209 sqq., 217
sqq. ; and the Compromise, 207; invades
Friesland, 222 sqq. ; in France, 228 sqq.;
238; death of (1574), 239
Count Lewis Giinther of, at the battle
of the Dunes, m 635 sq.
Marie of, ni 213
Prince Maurice of. See Orange
Prince Maurice of. Governor of Brazil.
See Nassau-Siegen, John Maurice
Count Philip of, killed (1595), in 628
Count William of. See Orange,
Prince of
Nassau-Dietz, Albertina Agnes, Countess of,
daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of
Orange, marries William Frederick, iv
701; 9 668
Ernest Casimir, Count of, in 635;
succeeds as Stadholder of Friesland, 655 ;
at Hertogenbosch, iv 693 ; death of (1629),
696
General Index.
489
Nassau-Dietz, Count Henry Casimir of,
IV 695; defeated by the Spaniards, 699;
death of, 701
Henry Casimir H, Prince of, Here-
ditary Stadholder of Friesland, v 150;
164 sq.
John William, Prince of. See Orange,
John William Friso, Prince of
Prince William Frederick of, Here-
ditary Stadholder of Friesland, iv 701;
726; V 143 sq.; 150
William Lewis of, Stadholder of
Friesland, etc., adviser of Maurice, iii
625 sq. ; opposes Oldenbarneveldt, 634,
637, 640; Calvinist, 649; death of (1640),
655
Nassau-Dillenburg, John, Duke of, m 157,
210, 222; 232; 239; 251; 254
Prince William of, vi 247
Nassau-Hademar, Count, afterwards Prince,
John Lewis of, iv 400
Nassau-Orange, House of, v 449
Nassau- Siegen, Prince John Maurice of,
Governor-General in Brazil, iv 708; 714;
751 sqq.; 759; v 150; 153; 674 sq.; vi
389
•♦Nat Turner's Insurrection," vii 387
Natal, ceded to Great Britain, vi 429 ; Boers
in, XI 781 sq.; a British colony, 782 sq. ;
788; self-government granted to, xii 49,
644; development of, 640; and Boer
War, 642; 645; and Union of South
Africa, 646; 648; and native affairs,
649
Natalia, Eepublic of, xi 782
Tsaritsa, v 616 sq. ; 519
Grand Duchess of Russia (sister of
Peter II), v 553; 555
Natalie, Queen of Servia, xii 411 sq.
Natchez, The (Indian tribe), vii 92
Nathanson, Russian politician, xii 322
Nation, The, Irish newspaper, xi 7 sq.
National, Le, French journal, under Carrel,
X 491 ; 499 ; changed point of view of, xi
26 sq.; 34; 36; 42; 96; 99; 102; 127
Belgian ministerial journal, x 532
sqq.
National Assembly (June 1789-Sept. 1791),
vm 153, Chap, vi passim; and the Con-
stitution of 1791, Chap, vn passim;
closed, 201; and army, 403 sqq.; and
navy, 448 sq. ; finance of, 691-701 ;
legislation of, Chap, xxiv passim
Colonisation Society, xi 792
Convention (Sept. 1792-Oct. 1795),
Vol. vm. Chaps, ix, xii and xiii passim ;
closed, 397, 489; and army, 424, 426;
detestation of, 487 sqq.; finance of, 701
sqq., 730; legislation of, 738 sq., 741 sq.,
746, 752
Debt (English), bill for government
loan (1693), v 266
League, in Ireland, xn 48
Liberal Federation, xii 49
Nationalities, modern growth of, see Vol. xi
Nat-padi, capture of, xi 728
Nau, Secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, in
292
Naulin, Marc-Claude, arrest of, vm 367
Naumburg, Lutheran Convention at (1555),
n 276 ; meeting of Protestant Princes at
(1561), ra 163, 168; Austrians in, vi 297;
Prussian troops at, ix 273-4; French at,
275
Nicholas Amsdorf, Bishop of, ii 117,
201, 242 sq.
Julius Pflug, Bishop of, n 240, 242,
264 sq., 667; ra 146; 152
Nauplia, besieged and taken by Turks, ii
72, 74, ra 116 sq.; taken by Venetians
(1686), V 365; fall of (1822), x 185 ; and
piracy, 186 ; Admiral Codrington at, 195 ;
King Otto lands at (1833), 204; French
occupation of, xi 277 ; 278 ; 640
Nauwport, taken by Boers, xn 642
Navagero, Andrea, Venetian Latinist, i 567;
n 16
Cardinal Bernardo, n 682
Navarino, battle of (1827), x 91, 195-7;
effect of, 198, 201, 371, 417
Navarra, Pedro, Count of Navarro, i 125,
137, 140; African expedition and death
of, 365 sq.
Navarre, seized by Ferdinand of Aragon,
I 366 sq.; invaded by Henri d'Albret,
378; France and, in 1558, ii 94; vi 136;
Spain and, 141; occupied by Marshal
Moncey, ix 430; Napoleon's army in,
443, 458; Mina in, 469; occupied by the
Carlists, x 235, xii 260
Antony of Bourbon, King-consort of.
See Bourbon
Catharine d'Albret, Queen of, i
866
Francois Ph^bus (Count of Foix),
King of, I 366
Henri d'Albret, King of, i 378; in-
vades Navarre, n 43, 51
Jean d'Albret, King of, i 366
Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of (wife of
Antony of Bourbon), early betrothed to
William of Cleves, n 75, 239 ; widowed,
m 6; and Moncontour, 11, 13; death of,
17 sq.
Margaret of Valois, Queen of. See
Margaret of Valois, Queen of Henry IV
Navarro, Admiral, vi 160; 236
Navies, Dutch, see Vol. iv. Chap, wipassim,
the first (Anglo-) Dutch War, 466-85;
English, under Henry VIII, ii 472;
under the Tudors, seeYoL ra. Chap. ix,The
Elizabethan Naval War with Spain, 294-
327; administration of, under James I,
564 ; see Vol. iv. Chap, xvi. The Navy of
the Commonwealth and the first Dutch
War, 459-85; Vol. v. Chap, vra. The
Anglo-Dutch Wars, (1) Naval administra-
tion under Charles II and James II, 168-
78; and Admiralty, vi 443 sq.; 448;
British squadrons (1811-5), vn 338;
490
General Index,
during Wars of the French Revolution,
Vol. vm, Chap, xv passim, Chap, xx
passim; in 1803, ix 210 sq. ; Chap, vin
passim; Bill of 1889, xn 48; increased
strength of, 60 sq.; French, under Col-
bert, V 14 sq.; Choiseul's reforms in, vi
348 sq.; disorders in, in 1790, vm 192
sq.; 207; under Louis XVI, 447 sqq. ;
during Revolutionary Wars, Chap, xv
passim, also Chap, xx passim; in 1803, ix
209 sqq.; Chap, vrn passim; German,
late growth of, xii 170 sq.; Italian, of
recent years, 234; Japanese (1904),
578; (1905), 699; Russian, created by
Peter the Great, v 520 sqq.; during
and after the Wars of Revolution, x 417 ;
in the Far East (1904), xn 578 sq. ;
Savoyard, under Emmanuel Philibert, m
410; Spanish, see Chap, ix, The Eliza-
bethan Naval War with Spain, 294-327 ;
of the Spanish Indies, x 256; Swedish,
under Charles XI, v 578; of the U.S.A.,
and the Civil War, Vol. vn. Chap, xvn,
549-67
Navigation Laws (1651), iv 436, 470; re-
enacted 1660, V 94; 103; and Dutch
carrying trade, 139; effects of Act of
1662, VI 52; Constitutional Convention of
U.S.A. and, vn 279, 282 sq. ; and Colonies
(1764), VI 432 sq.; English relaxation of,
X 586; old code of, repealed, xi 15 sq.
Navy Board. See Navies, English
Naxos, held in fief by Nasi, m 131
Nazareth, French success near (1799), vni
611; revolt in, x 559
Neacademia, The, of Aldo Manuzio, i 561,
563
Neale, Edward Vansittart, and co-operation,
xn 740
Neander, J. August W., History of the
Church, XII 846 sq.
Joachim, German pietist, v 757
Michael, i 614
Neave, James, murder of, iv 172
Nebel river, and battle of Blenheim, v 410
Nebenius, K. F., x 354; drafts Baden
Constitution, 362
Nebraska, creation of Territory of, vn 427 ;
population of, 708, 711
Nebrija, Alfonso de, n 400
Antonio. See Nebrissensis
Francisca, Spanish scholar, i 379
Nebrissensis, Antonio Nebrija (Lebrija or
Lebrixa), Spanish Hellenist, i 379, 381,
578
Necessary Doctrine for any Christian Man
(King's Book), n 448
Nechayeff, Russian revolutionary, xn 303
Necker, Jacques, vi 550 ; Gustavus III and,
782; vni 25; and French finance, 45,
66, 71 sqq., 689 sqq.; Compte Rendu of,
74 sq., 77, 94, 97, 690; Director of
Treasury, 89 sqq. ; Administration of the
finances of France, 98 sq.; exiled, 99,
104; Minister of Finance (1788), 115 sqq. ;
122; inaction of, 123 sq., 127 sq., 132;
at States General, 147 sq., 156 sq. ; dis-
missed, 163 sqq.; in National Assembly,
182 sq.; resigns, 194; and Napoleon I,
X 40
Nedlitz, Eugene Beauharnais at, ix 615
Needs of the German Nation, n 185
Neerwinden (Landen) , William III defeated
at (1693), v 61; battle of (1793), vm 268
sq., 420 sq.
Negapatam, Dutch settlement, vi 454;
French and English at, 535; 647
Negreiros, Vidal de, leader in the Brazilian
revolt, V 674
Negri, Francesco, of Bassano, follower of
Zwingli, n 381
Girolamo, n 20
Sembilan, the, sultanate of, xn 632
sq.
N^grier, French general, in Tonkin, xn 131
Negro river, settlements on, vi 390
Negropont, fort of, captured by Turks
(1470), I 79 sq., 286; attacked by
Venetians (1688), v 365
Neile, Richard, Archbishop of York, iv 279
Neipperg, Count Albert Adam von, ix 65;
X 107
Count Wilhelm von, Austrian field-
marshal, VI 230; 232
Neisse, witches burnt in, iv 423; fortress
of, VI 229 sq.; 232 sq.; 278; siege of,
289 sqq. ; conference at, 633 ; 668 ; 703 ;
731
Nejd, Abbas Pasha's troops driven from,
xn 429
Nelidoff, Mademoiselle, mistress of Paul I,
vni 646; ix 36; 40-1
Nelson (New Zealand), xi 793; 796; 799
Horatio Nelson, Viscount, methods
of, vm 454 sq. ; at Cape St Vincent,
461 sqq.; and Egyptian Expedition, 598
sq., 604; and Mediterranean campaign
(1798-9), Chap. XX, 643,648; at Naples,
649 sqq., 657 sqq.; ix 48 sqq.; 73;
French fear of, 209; in charge of Medi-
terranean squadron, 210; Napoleon's
plans to mislead, 214 sqq. ; blockades
Toulon, 216; hampered by Orde in
Mediterranean, 219; despatches for,
captured by Villeneuve, 220; in ignor-
ance of French movements, 223; sails
for West Indies, 224; makes move on
Trinidad, 225; returns to Europe, ib.;
starts for Cadiz, 227; joins fleet, 229;
and battle of Trafalgar, 230 sqq. ; death
of, 233 ; mourning for, 234 ; and Turkey,
386
Nemirofif, Peace Congress at, vi 307
Nemours, treaty at (1585), m 39
Charles- Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of,
IV 615; joins Cond6, 616; killed in
duel, 617
Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, Duke
of, m 661, 666; death of, 668
Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of, i 397
General Index,
491
Nemours, James of Savoy, Duke of, m 12,
19, 406
Louis I d'Armagnac, Duke of, i
124
Louis-Charles-P.-B. d'0rl6ans, Duke
of, and Belgian throne, x 484, 639 ;
in Algeria, 604; xi 32; 101
Marie de Longueville, Duchess of,
V 449
Nenagh, Reconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Neo-Platonists, The, n 701
Nepal, Gurkhas of, ix 718
Nepluyeff (Neplyneff), Ivan Ivanovich,
Russian ambassador to the Porte, v 546 ;
VI 304
Neptune, discovery of, xn 768
N6rac, conferences at (1678-9), m 33;
agreement of, 665
Nerchinsk, silver mines of, v 633; post-
road through, xn 792, 796
Treaty of, xn 795
Neri, Pompeo, Tuscan statesman, vi 602
Nerli, Jacopo, Florentine printer, i 149,
154
Nero, Bernardo del. See Del Nero
Nes, Jan Jansse van, Dutch admiral, v
190
Nesselrode, Charles Robert, Count von,
signs Treaty of Chaumont, ix 677; at
Congress of Vienna, 580 sqq.; at Con-
ference of Aix-la-Chapelie, x 14; 29; 50;
and Eastern Question, 194, 197 sqq.;
376 ; and English intervention in Polish-
Russian affairs, 474 ; and French revolu-
tion of 1830, 481 ; and Dardanelles ques-
tion, 665; XI 633; 828
Nestoroff, Alexis, Russian upper-fiscal, v
535; 646
Nethenus, Samuel, pietist, v 767
Netherlands, the seventeen Provinces of the,
to 1579. [See also Netherlands, United
Provinces of the; Netherlands, Spanish
and Austrian; Netherlands, Kingdom of
the; Holland jyassim; and, for later
periods, the Batavian Republic and
Holland and Belgium, Kingdoms of]
I xiii The Netherlands, 417-62
II ii and iii Habsburg and Valois (I) and
(ITj, passim, 36-103
III vi The Revolt of the Netherlands,
182-220
vii William the Silent, 221-69
Netherlands, the Spanish {afterwards Aus-
trian)
in vi The Revolt of the Netherlands,
passim, 182-220
vii William the Silent (and the
separation of the northern
and southern provinces), _pa«-
sim, 221-59
IV xxi Mazarin, passim, 592-622
xxii Spain and Spanish policy,
passivi, especially 644 sq.,
668 sq.
Netherlands, the Spanish (contd.)
V ii The Foreign policy of Louis
XIV (1661-97), i?a«stm, 32-63
xiii The Treaties of Partition and
the Spanish Succession , 2)as-
sim, 372-400
xiv The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession, passim, 401-69
Netherlands, the Austrian {formerly Span-
ish)
VI viii (2) The War (of the Austrian
Succession), passim, 228-50
xviii Joseph II, passim, 626-66
vm xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim^
306-37
[See also Netherlands, Kingdom
of the, and Belgium]
Netherlands, United Provinces of the
III vi The Revolt of the Netherlands,
passim, 182-220
vii William the Silent, passim,
221-69
xix The Dutch Republic, 617-56
IV xiv The Peace of Westphalia, pas-
sim, 395-433
xvi The Navy of the Commonwealth
and the First Dutch War,
466-81
xxiv Frederick Henry, Prince of
Orange, 689-727
XXV The transference of Colonial
Power to the United Pro-
vinces and England, 728-59
V ii The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-97), passim, 32-63
V The Stewart Restoration, 107
sqq.
vii The administrations of John de
Witt and William of Orange
(1651-88), 137-67
viii (2) The Anglo-Dutch Wars (1664-
74), 178-97
ix The policy of Charles II, pas-
sim, 198-220
xiv The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession and the Peace of
Utrecht, passim, 401-59
xxii The colonies and India, passim,
673-705
VI i (2) Foreign policy of George I,
passim, 21-39
viii (2) The War (of the Austrian
Succession), passim, 228-50
xviii Joseph II, passim, 626-56
vm xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim,
306-37
xiv The general war, passim, 398-
446
XX ii The Armed Neutrality, passim,
42 sqq.
[See also Batavian Republic,
Netherlands, Kingdom of the,
and then Holland]
492
G-eneral Index,
Netherlands, Kingdom of the {i.e. Holland
and Belgium, 1815-30, 1830-9]
IX xix The Congress of Vienna, (I)
(1814-5), 605 sq. and (11)
654 sq.
X xvi The Low Countries, passim,
517-44
li.e. Holland only since 1839]
XI xxiii (1) HoUand (1839-70), 661-8
xxvii (3) The English and Dutch in
S. Africa (1815-70), 778-
89
xn ix The Low Countries [1] (1870-
1905), 243-50
Netherlands, King of the. See William I
Neto, Bras, Portuguese agent in Eome, n
413
Nettement, Alfred, and the opposition to
Napoleon HI, xi 469
Nettuno, the Old Pretender at, vi 105
Neu-Brandenburg, sack of (1631), iv 199
sqq.
Neubreisach, military arrests at, x 76
Neuburg, and the Landshut War, i 315;
religious disturbance in, iii 724; secedes
from the Protestant Union, iv 12; 214;
Gustavus at, 219; obtains Jiilich and
Berg, 409, 428
Counts Palatine of the House of, in
704
Anna, Countess Palatine of, in 716
■ Charles Philip, Duke of, vi 97
John William, Duke of. See Pala-
tinate, John William, Elector Palatine
Maria Magdalena, Archduchess, con-
sort of Wolfgang William, in 398, 733
Philip Lewis, Count Palatine and
Duke of, claim of, to Jiilich-Cleves, in
642 sq., 687 sq., 716, 724 sq. ; 735; v
628
Philip William, Duke of. See Pala-
tinate, Philip William, Elector Palatine
Wolfgang William, Count Palatine
of, II 264; claim oi:, to Jiilich-Cleves, in
716, 729 sq. ; converted to Bome, 733,
IV 5, 10; new Catholic League and, 13;
and possession of Jiilich-Cleves, 408, v
643 ^
Neuchatel (Neuenburg), and Prussia, v 449,
669, 671 ; and Franco-Swiss alliance,
VI 617; ceded to France (1805), ix 262;
canton of, formed, 601 ; ceded to Prussia
(1815), 656; forced into Swiss Confedera-
tion, 668; Frederick William IV of
Prussia and, xi 143, 227, 234, 242, 245;
surrendered by King of Prussia, 255
sq.; rising at, 152; 234; 236; Constitu-
tion of, 238; 242; submits to Con-
federation, 245 ; 250 sqq. ; revolution in,
253; 259
Neue Preussische Zeitung. See Kreuzzeitung
Neuenaar, Count Adolf von, Stadholder of
Gelderland, Utrecht, and Overyssel, ni
620-1, 625, 711
Count Hermann von, m 707
Neufch&teau, French retreat to, xi 585
Franpois de. Minister of the Interior,
vra508; 510, 517, 642, 644
Neugebauer, Martin, tutor of Tsarevich
Alexis, v 537; in Swedish service, 603
Neuhausel, captured by Turks (1663), v
346, 348; 355; 359 sq.; taken by
Austrians (1685), 366
Neuhof, Baron Theodore von, King of
Corsica, ri 609
Neuhuys, Dutch painter, xn 249
NeuUly,, Louis-Philippe at, x 477
Etienne de, one of *' the Sixteen" at
Paris, ni 42
Foulques de, preacher, i 676
Neumann, Baron, Austrian ambassador in
London, x 566
Neumarkt (Upper Austria), victory of
Austrian peasants at, in 702
(Silesia), Frederick the Great at, vi 275
Neu-Ruppin, Swedish troops in, vi 287
Neuss, siege of, by Charles the Bold (1474),
I 295, 390; held by Calvinists, in 450;
captured by Parma, 712
Neustadt (Lower Bavaria), Davout's army
ordered to, ix 349
(Moravia), meeting of Joseph II and
Frederick II at (1770), vi 633, 668, 703
(Pomerania), Ban^r and Wrangel
meet at, iv 374
(Silesia), capture of, vi 242; 731
(Upper Palatinate) , John Casimir at,
ni 703
Neuwied, battle of, vm 498
Neva river, and St Petersburg, v 529, 590;
552; Charles XII and, 596
Nevada, ceded to United States (1848), vn
397; silver mines of, 643
Nevers, Land-bank at, xi 298
Charles di Gonzaga, Duke of. See
Mantua
" Francis I of Cleves, Duke of, m 4;
killed at battle of Dreux, 5
Louis di Gonzaga, Duke of, ni 19-
20, 45, 47, 407, 669
Philippe-Jules-Franpois, Duke of, vi
165
Nevesinye, revolt at, xn 382
Nevill, Surveyor-General for Ireland, vi 488
Neville, Sir Henry, n 505
Nevis, colonised by English, v 687; cap-
tured by French, vi 454; 464
New Amstel, colony established at, vn 41
- Amsterdam. See New York (City)
Newark (England), relieved by Eupert, iv
321; Charles I at, 333 sq. ; 338 sq.;
parliamentary representation of, x 604 sq.
(Canada), burnt by McClure (1813),
VII 341
New Biscay, administration of, x 248
- Brunswick, development of, vn 113;
government of, ix 746 ; x 688 sq. ; timber
trade of, 760 ; xi 757 ; 763 ; union of, with
Canada, 770 sq. ; 777; industries of, xn
611; 615
General Index.
493
Newburn-on-Tyne, Leslie's victory at (1640),
IV 504
Newbury, battle of (1643), iv 316, (1644),
324
New Caledonia, xn 631; France and, 666
sqq.
Newcastle (Australia), xi 790; Labour
unions of, xn 628
(Penn.), Assembly at, vn 51
Newcastle-under-Lyme, Cumberland's army
at, VI 114
Thomas Pelham-Holles, Ist Duke
of (and of Newcastle-upon-Tyne), vi 54;
Secretary of State, 59; Principal Secre-
tary, 61; 62 sq.; and Spain, 65 sqq.;
70; 72 sq.; resigns, 74; Ministry of, 75;
Pitt and, ib. ; 333 ; 346 ; character of, 396
sq. ; 398; 401; Ministry of, 402 sqq.;
405; First Lord of Treasury, 406; 407;
417; 419; retires, 422; 424 sqq.; and
Prussia, 427 ; 428 ; 434 ; Lord Privy Seal,
435 ; 436 ; and Lidian affairs, 542 ; death
of, 442
Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham
Clinton, 4th Duke of, x 604
Henry Pelham F. P. Clinton, 5th
Duke of. Colonial Secretary, xi 763 ; 765 ;
800
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Scottish army at, iv
339 sq. ; Propositions of, 339, 346; Leslie
at, 504 ; 547 sq. ; v 209 ; 238 ; vi 97 ; 113 ;
General Wade at, 114 sq. ; programme,
xn 49
William Cavendish, Earl, later Duke,
of, IV 305 ; repulsed at Bradford, 308 ; at
Newark, 309; 311 sqq.; raises siege of
Hull, 315; 320; in York, 321; leaves
England, 322; v 95
New England, English colony of, iv 747-8 ;
self-government in, 756 sq. ; and British
trade, vi 52 sqq.; vn 10 sqq.; political
conditions in, 54; economic conditions
in, 55 sq. ; religious conditions in, 57 sq.,
144, 726 sq. ; literature in, 59 sq.. Chap,
xxni passim; trade of, 67; currency in,
68; condition of (1748), 118; opposes the
war of 1812, 338, 344, 348; prosperity
of, 350; and slavery question, 386, 424;
fisheries in, 434, 688; ideals of, 726
sqq. ; French Canadians in, xii 611
Company, vn 12, 15, 18
Confederation, vn 23
Newfoundland, Breton fishers and Banks
of, I 414; Verrazzano and, 43; Cabot
and, 50; Gilbert and, vn 2; settle-
ment of, 52 ; 71 ; 79 ; d'Iberville in, 89 ;
England and, v 60, 422, 427, 443; fishery
rights in, vi 344, 367, 370, 380, 465, 494,
vn 232, 363 sqq., 657, ix 75, xi 776;
assigned to England, vi 411, vn 95;
French rights in, vi 464 ; British conquests
in, vin 484; xi 757; 771; government
of, 776 ; xn 47 ; 55 ; Anglo-French agree-
ment and, 456; development of, 611;
fishery dispute in, 617
C. M. H.
New France, discovery of, i 43; v 684 sq. ;
Vol. vn. Chap, m passim
New Gazette, Kussian journal, xn 312
New Granada, discovery of, 1 40 ; viceroyalty
of, V 683; government of, x 248, 267,
273; revolt in (1780), 275; revolution in,
288 sq. ; reconquered by Morillo, 290 sq.;
293; Bolivar in (1819); 294; 297 sq.
See also Colombia
— Granada Confederation, xn 685
— Guinea, Dutch exploration of, rv 713 ;
Germany and, xn 41, 160 sq.; Australia
and, 631; partition of, 666 sq., 668 sq.;
unexplored regions in, 814
— Hampshire, settlement of, vn 20 sq.,
27; and the Indians, 28; population of,
54; disaffection in, 163; writs of assist-
ance in, 181; Constitution of, 241 sq. ;
and Constitutional Convention, 246; ac-
cepts Constitution, 302 ; and trade regula-
tions, VI 447, VII 310 sq., 354; abolition
in, 361, 387; manufactures in, 375
— Harmony, Owen's socialist settlement,
X 780
— Haven, settlement of, vn 20, 22 sq. ;
influence of Eestoration in, 25 sq.; and
Connecticut, 26
— Hebrides, Anglo-French agreement and,
XII 456; 625; Australia and, 631; 666 sq.
— Holland, discovery of, iv 713
— Inverness, settlement of, vn 62
— Jersey, settlement of, vn 41 sq., 46
sqq.; religious conditions in, 57 sq.
education in, 59; and Continental Con
gress (1774), 164; and custom dues, 243
and Annapolis Convention, 244 ; and Con-
stitutional Convention, 245 sqq., 249, 252
sqq., 255, 258, 271, 282 sq. ; trade of, vi
477, vn 355 ; population of, 359 ; abolition
in, 361, 593; manufactures in, 375; urges
protection, 377
Newlands, John Alexander Eeina, chemist,
xn 770
Newlyn, burned by the Spaniards, m 321
New Madrid (Missouri), evacuated by Con-
federates (1862), vn 497
Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, n 34; and
Oxford Movement, xi 5 sq., 710 sq. ;
347 sq. ; influence of, 349; 355; sermon
by, 709; 713; and Syllabus, 716; 721;
XII 71
Thady, in 593
Newmarch, William, completes History of
Prices, x 783
Newmarket, Charles I at, rv 342
New Mexico, vn 394; annexed by United
States (1846), 395 sqq.; slavery in, 399,
401, 416; boundary of, 403 sq.
— Netherlands. See New York (State)
Newnham College, Cambridge, xn 762
Alderman, and Prince of Wales, vi
472
New Orleans, founded, vi 133, vn 92 ; trade
of, 324 sq., 360, 691 sq.; insurrection at,
Ti 373; British attack on (1814), vn
31
494
General Index,
345 sqq.; in Civil War, 471; captured by
Farragut (1862), 498, 552 sq.; banks of,
610, 618
New i?lymouth (America), settlement of,
vn 14 sq., 23; attacked by Indians, 27;
and Governor Andros, 29; incorporated
in Massachusetts, 30
(Australia), province of , xi 796 ;
799 sq.
Newport (Mon.), "Treaty of" (1648), iv
352, 555; 354; Chartist attack on, x
683
(Ehode Island), occupied by British,
vn 218
Mount joy Blount, Baron Mount] oy,
Earl of, IV 297
Pagnell, Rupert at, iv 315
New Eepublic, established by Boers, xn
638
mew Eoad, Eussian journal, xn 333
Newry, death of Burgh at, m 606; Irish
rebels and, iv 522, 524, 533
New Siberia Islands, discovered, xn 795
— South Wales, founding of, ix 736
sqq.; xi 16; British administration in,
789 sq. ; development of, 791 sq, ; 795;
gold in, 796; 797; population of, 799;
development and progress of, xu 619 sqq. ;
634; and Sudan War, 651; and arbitra-
tion, 751
— Spain, I 42; administration of, x
244 sq., 247, 248, 274; Gachupines in,
251 ; trading regulations in, 255 sq. ;
mining in, 258 sq. ; native population of,
261, 268; missions of, 271; chamber of
mining in, 275. See also Mexico
— Testament, The, printed Greek texts
of, I 603 sq.; Erasmian text of, 603, 606,
n 699; translations of, Luther's, 164;
Spanish (by Enzinas), 402; (by Perez,
etc.), 406; Tyndale's, 464 sq. ; Danish
(by Mikkelsen and Pedersen), 610; Ice-
landic, 621; Swedish (by Andreae and
Petri), 625
Newton, Sir Isaac, v 237; and the currency,
269; 712 sqq.; 716; and Leibniz, 717
sq . ; theory of gravitation of, 719 ; Prin-
ci2na, 720, 722; 721 sqq.; vi 19; 826; xn
767; and theory of light, 781 sq.
Newtown Butler, defeat of James' army
at (1689), V 312
New Wordy Eussian journal, xn 313; 330
New York (New Netherlands), State of,
settlement in, iv 709, vn 22, 38 sqq.;
Dutch West India Company and, iv 749 ;
757; seized by English (1664), v 149,
vn 38 sq.; Treaty of Breda and, iv 740,
vn 80; v 151; 161; vn 53; political
conditions in, 54; economic conditions
in, 55; religious conditions in, 57; edu-
cation in, 59; attacked by Frontenac
(1690), 90; by Montcalm (1757), 129;
effect of Stamp Act in, 149 ; and Mutiny
Act, 152; importance of, 164; writs of
assistance in, 181 ; Constitution of, 237,
242; and custom dues, 243; and Anna-
polis Convention, 244; and the Con-
stitutional Convention, 245 sqq., 250,
255, 258, 264, 271 sqq., 286; cessions in,
308; opposes taxation, 309; invaded by
Prevost (1814), 343; migration into, 357;
population of, 359; abolition in, 361,
388; manufactures in, 375; and the
Tariff, 377; Democrats in, 631, 646
New York (New Amsterdam), City of, settle-
ment of, vn 22; captured by English
(1664), V 149, 179 sq., 189, vn 39 sq.;
V 197; 685; Convention at (1690), vn
69; Congress at (1765), 149; Assembly
of, VI 438; Howe at, 451, vn 212;
menaced by French fleet (1781), 230;
a British city, 231, 307; merchants of,
310 sq., 319; chosen as seat of govern-
ment, 314, 316; 321; communication
with, 351, 694; banks at, 352 sq. ; im-
ports of, 355; emigration from, 359;
financial panic in (1837), 385, (1857), xi
327, (1884), vn 647; conscription riots
in (1863), 573; politics in (1871), 639;
literature in, 747; xn 95; municipal
expenditure of, 734
New York Herald, xn 809 sq.
New Zealand, discovery of, iv 713; Con-
stitution of, XI 16, 796; 780; British
rule in, 761; development of, 792 sqq.;
progress of, 799; 801; xn 1; 603;
development and progress of, 618 sqq.,
626 sqq. ; and Australian federation, 631
sq. ; 634 sq. ; and naval defence, 649,
651; 666; and Pacific Islands, 667; local
government in, 734; social movements
in, 747, 751, 753, 755, 763
Association, xi 793
Company, xi 793; 796
Nay, Michel, Due d'Elchingen, Prince de La
Moskowa, Marshal of France, vin 652,
IX 100 sq.; 112, 252; crosses the Ehine,
253; 254; sent to Tyrol, 256; in Carin-
thia, 258; 274, 277; Magdeburg capitu-
lates to, 280; at Thorn, 284; guards
Warsaw, 284; approaches Konigsberg,
285; at Guttstadt, 290; and the Diet
of Fribourg, 423; 441; pursues British,
446-7; holds Galicia, 449; concentrates
at Lugo, 451; 452; evacuates Galicia,
453 ; attacks British, 461 sqq. ; and the
Eussian campaign, 488 sqq. ; on the
lower Main, 516; 518; at Bautzen,
519; resignation of, 520; sent to Berlin,
529; at Dennewitz, 530; at Laon, 551;
at Notre Dame, 561 ; on French Council
of War, 565; joins Napoleon, 574-5;
envoy to Alexander, 558; and the Hun-
dred Days, 621; 625; at Quatre-Bras,
626 sqq. ; at Waterloo, 635 sqq. ; x 49
Napoleon - Henri - Edgar, Comte,
French general, xi 128
Neyen, Father, ra 639, 641
Nezib, defeat of Turks at (1839), x 512,
562
General Index,
495
Ngami, Lake, discovered, xn 808
Ngan-si-chau, travellers at, xn 803
Niagara, fort at, vn 89, 125; Prideaux's
expedition against (1759), 137, 141
intrigue, The, vn 577 sq.
Nibelungenliedf study of the, xn 823
Nicaragua, U.S. Treaties with (1868), vn
637, (1884), 649, 656; 673; xn 672; and
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 686; 699
Niccoli, Niccolo de', collector, i 551, 594
Niccolini, Agnolo, and Savonarola, i 185
Agnolo, Archbishop of Pisa. See
Pisa
Giovanni Battista, patriotic dramas
of, X 125; 128; xi 70; 545; 548
Nice, Truce of (1538), n 73, 235 sq., 288;
siege of, by French and Turks (1543), 77,
m 112; claims of Philip 11 over, 400,
402, 407; Duke of Savoy at, 410, 416;
Guise repulsed from (1600), 418; v 389;
restored to Savoy, 437, 448; regained by
Sardinia, vi 249; occupied by French
(1792), vm 299, 305, 437, 555, 780; xi
88; Great Britain and, 332, 334; ceded
to France, 386 sqq., 468; 577
Nicene Creed, reaffirmed at Council of
Trent, n 665
Nicholai, Bishop, in Yezo, xn 575
Nicholaievsk, port of, xi 272
Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano), Pope, i
663
IV (Jerome of Palestrina), Pope, in
427, 440
V (Tommaso Parentucelli of Sarzana) ,
Pope, I 76 sq., 78; influence on Ee-
naissance of, 546; 552; library of, 594
sqq., 646, 679; m 439, 444, 757
I, Tsar, X 39; and French foreign
policy, 98; and Turkish Question, 191
sqq., 198 sqq.; and Treaty of London,
195 ; and battle of Navarino, 197 ; block-
ades the Dardanelles, 201 ; and Treaty of
Adrianople, 202; Mettemich and, 371;
and Prussia, 372; and navy, 417; 425;
reactionary educational policy of, 430 sq.;
and Finland, 435 sq. ; marriage of, 436;
and succession to throne, 437, 439 sq. ;
accession of, 440; suppresses risings of
December, 441 sqq. ; foreign policy of,
444; and Poland, 448, 456 sqq.; at
Warsaw, 458 sq.; and Lithuanian pro-
vinces, 460; 462; and Polish army, 465
sq. ; and Polish revolution, 467 sqq.,
473 sq. ; and French revolution of 1830,
481; and Louis-Philippe, 482; 505; and
integrity of Ottoman empire, 546; and
Turko-Egyptian Question, 552, 563 sqq.,
570; at Miinchengratz, 557; and Great
Britain, 558; and Gregory XVI, xi 71;
and Mettemich, 154; 189; and Prussia,
200; aids Austria, 208 sqq.; 213; and
Gorgei, 214; and Emperor Francis Joseph,
217; and King Frederick William IV
of Prussia, 224, 395; and Schleswig-
Holstein, 225 sq.; 228; and Hesse-Gassel,
229 sq.; character and policy of, 262 sqq.;
legal reforms by, 264 sq. ; and the serfs,
268 sq.; results of reign of, 274; and
Turkey, 277, 312 sq. ; and Napoleon III,
307, 312; and causes of Crimean War,
314 sqq. ; 321 ; 324 ; and Austria, 402 ;
613 sq.; 622; and Sweden, 684, 687;
death of, 321 ; xn 294 ; 296 ; and Fmland,
334; and the Jews, 339
Nicholas II, Tsar, x 39 ; visits France, xn 98;
225; 247; 315; accession of, 322; 326;
and Finland, 335; 336; visits Warsaw,
338 ; 342 ; 347 ; and reform, 348 sq. ; 350;
and reforms of 1905, 351 ; deputation to,
354; dismisses Tr^poff, 359; and the
Duma, 366 sqq.; plot against, 373; 376;
at Cowes, 380; and King Alexander of
Servia, 412; and Crete, 423; 513; 594;
and the Peace Conference, 723 sqq.
Grand Duke of Kussia, xn 351 ; 373 ;
376; 390
Prince of Montenegro, xn 383; 385
sqq.; captures Nikshich, 389 ; 390; 392;
397; Albanians and, 402; 407; 414;
427
Sir Edward, v 93
of Cusa. See Cusanus, Cardinal
of Trier, finder of the codex of
Plautus, I 550
Nicholls, Sir George, poor law commis-
sioner, X 662; 676
Nicholson, Sir Francis, Lieutenant-Governor
of Virginia, vn 10 ; sent to Carolina, 38 ;
Deputy- Governor of New York, 43 sqq. ;
59; captures Port Eoyal (1710), 112
John, Brigadier-general, at Delhi,
XI 746 sq.
Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich, vin 772 sq.
Swedish resident at Dresden, and
Bohemian malcontents, iv 234
Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris, xn 835
Nicolay, Aymard. See Verdun, Bishop of
Nicole, Pierre, Pascal and, iv 795
Nicolls, Sir Jasper, Commander-in-chief in
Bengal, xi 734
Richard, Governor of New York, v
108; 180; vn 39 sqq.
Nicopolis, victory of Turks at (1396), i 82,
259
Nicotera, Baron Giovanni, Italian states-
man, xn 214; 217
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, historian, vm
773; influence of, ix 326; at Berlin
University, 327-8; Prussian Minister at
Rome, X 147 sq.; 349; 352; 374 sq.; 404;
xn 817 ; work and influence of, 819 sqq. ;
824; 835 sq.; 843
Carsten (father of the above),
Eastern traveller, vm 773, 788
Marcus C. N. von (son of the above),
X 191 ; secretary to Frederick William IV,
396
Nied river, French position on, xi 588
Nieder-Schonfeld, Bavarian army capitu-
lates at, VI 238
31—2
496
General Index.
Niel, Adolphe, Marshal of France, xi 487;
577; 581
Nielly, Baron Joseph-Marie, French ad-
miral, vm 470
Niemcewicz, Julian Ursin, vi 671; x 432;
467
Niemojevski, Vincent, Polish deputy, x 452 ;
455
Niepce, Joseph Nic^phore de, and photo-
graphy, xn 783
Nieroth, Carl Gustaf, Swedish general, v
593
Niese, Benedictus, German historian, xn
845
Nieszava, Statute of (1454), i 345
Nieuport, battle of (1600), ni 535, 635-6;
the First Barrier Treaty and, v 457 ; ceded
to France, vi 339
Nieuwenhuis, Domela, Dutch socialist, xn
245
Nieuwpoort, William, Dutch envoy to
England, v 141; 143; 145 sq.
Nievo, Ippolito, Italian writer, xi 548
Nievre, revolt at, xi 137
Nifo, Agostino, Italian scholar, n 16
Niger river, xii 3; exploration on, 129, 805
sqq., 810 sq.; 658; colonisation on, 659
Nigeria, xii 47 ; 129 ; 456 ; protectorates of,
660; explorers in, 807
Nightingale, Florence, xi 321
Major-general, proposed Governor
of New South Wales, ix 739
Nigra, Cavaliere Constantino, Sardinian
Minister of Finance, xi 369
Nigri, Philip, Commissioner for marriage
treaty of Philip and Mary, ii 525
Nihilism, growth of, in Eussia, xi 629 sq.;
short formulae, and continued growth of,
XII 297 sqq.
Niigata, port of, xi 833 ; 841 ; opened, 863
Nijni-Novgorod, and anti-Polish movement,
V 501 sq.; banishment of Speranskii to,
IX 487; Fair, x 428; conference at, xii
328; 330; 354
Nijo, Japanese noble, xi 834
Nikitenko, Alexander, xi 626
Nikolaieff, Major, Kumelian officer, xn
406
Nikolsburg, Peace of (1621), iv 75, 87, 98;
peace negotiations at (1805), ix 261,
(1866), XI 455 sq., 483; armistice of,
541 ; Convention of, 576
Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow. See Moscow
Nikosia, taken by Turks (1570), in 134
Nikshich, xn 387; captured, 389; 392
Nil Sorski, Russian monk, v 507 sq.
Nile river, French power on, ix 72; battle
of, 209, vin 604 sq., 649; xn 439;
Lord Wolseley on, 442 sq. ; Barrage of,
446; 448 sqq. ; rivalry of the Powers on,
658 sqq.; 662; exploration on, 805 sq.,
809, 811 sq.
the Western. See Senegal
Nilsson, Nils, Swedish finances and, iv
675
Nimes, University of, founded by Margaret
of Navarre, n 291} reverse of Catholics
near, m 3 ; captured by Huguenots, 14 ;
resists Joyeuse, 20 ; holds out for Hugue-
nots, rv 134; conflict between CathoUcs
and Protestants at (1790) , vm 197 ; Due
d'Angoulgme at, ix 617
Esprit F16chier, Bishop of, v 16 ; 79
Ning-hia-fu, Hue at, xn 797; 798
Ningpo, capture of, xi 809; 810
Niiio, Rodrigo, report of Venice (1535) by,
n378
Niort, Huguenot army at, m 11 ; siege of,
raised, 13; Huguenot forces at, 14; La
None fails to take, 27
Nios, surrendered by Venice to Turks, m 116
Nippur, discoveries at, xn 846
Nisard, Armand, French ambassador to
Vatican, xn 122
Jean-Marie-Napol^on-Desir^, x 514
Nish (Nissa), xn 390; assigned to Servia,
392; 396; military conspiracy at, 413
Nishinomiya, town of, xi 855
Nisida, prisons of, xi 379
Nithard, Johann Everard, Cardinal, con-
fessor of Queen Marie-Louise of Spain,
V 35
Nithsdale, William Maxwell, 5th Earl of,
VI 101; 103
Nitti, Francesco Saverio, Italian economist,
xn237
Nitzsch, Carl Wilhehn, German historian,
XII 850
Niuchwang, treaty port of, xn 511; 522;
Eussian troops at, 583
Nive, battles on (1813), ix 480 sq.
Nivemais, The, Huguenots levy contribu-
tions on, HI 30 ; customs of, v 13 ; lawyers
in, vm 49
■ Due de, mission of, to Berlin, vi
334 sq.; in London, 346, 428; 400
Nivi^re-Chol, Mayor of Lyons, vm 340
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Viceroy of Southern India,
VI 524; 532; 539
Nizhny Novgorod. See Nijni-Novgorod
Nizza, captured by Lewis of Baden (1689),
V 368; recaptured by the Turks (1690),
369
Noailles, Adrien Maurice, Duke of, Marshal
of France, vi 128 sq. ; 154; mission of,
to Madrid, 161; 165; 167; 238 sq. ; 411
Alexis, Count de, arrested, ix 197;
at Congress of Vienna, 584; 602
Anne-Jules, Due de, Marshal of
France, v 59 ; 61 ; 428
Antoine de, French ambassador in
England under Mary, n 513, 518, 524 sq.,
536, 541 ; implicated in plots, 544 ; recall
of, ib.
F. de. See Acqs, Bishop of
Gilles de, French ambassador in
England, n 575
L. A. de. See Paris, Archbishop of
Louis-Marie, Vicomte de, vm 179,
692, 715
General Index.
497
Nobrega, Jesuit, founder of Sao Paulo, vi
390
Nocedal, Candido, General, Spanish
Minister of Interior, xi 562 sq. ; xn
258
Nodier, Charles, x 101; xi 507
Nodzu, Count, Japanese general, xn 588 sq.;
at battle of Liaoyang, 591 sq. ; 693
Noel, Sir Gerard Henry Uctred, Admiral,
XII 423
Noldeke, Theodor, German scholar, xn 846
Nordlingen, joins Protestants (1529), n 205;
battle of (1634), iv 50, 60, 143, 244 sqq.,
247 sq., 252, 644, 682 sq.; Tilly at, 208;
220 ; effect of battle of, 276 ; 373 ; taken
by French, 390; 392; French victory of
(1645), 597; conference of Circles at
(1702), V 403
Noteborg, surrenders to Swedes, iv 180 sq. ;
taken by Peter the Great (1702), v 590
Nogara, French retreat to, v 402
Nogaret, Jacques Kamel de, French Minister
of Finance, vni 490, 507 sq., 699, 703 sqq.
Nogent river, Prussian boundary, v 634
Nogi, Baron Ki-Teu, Japanese general, xn
587; 689; at siege of Port Arthur,
590 sq. ; 594; captures Port Arthur, 595;
596 sq. ; at battle of Mukden, 598
Noir, Victor, French journalist, xi 491 sq.
Noircarmes, Philip de, Governor of Hai-
nault, ra 212, 216, 217, 226
Noisseville, French repulse at, xi 599
Nola, revolt at (1820), x 112
Antonio de, discovers Cape Verde Is.,
1 16
Nolcken, Erik Mattias von, Swedish states-
man, VI 311
NoUendorf, fighting at (1813), ix 627; 528
Nombre de Dios, Drake's attack on (1572),
m 298; taken by Drake (1596), 322
No me olvides, Spanish periodical, x 241
Nonconformists, under Elizabeth, in 340
sqq.; and Clarendon Code, v 98 sqq.;
and schemes of 1668, 201 sq. ; and
Declaration of Indulgence of 1672, 207;
and Non-resisting Test, 216 ; and Second
Declaration of Indulgence, 238 sq.; see
Chap. XI passim; and Hanoverian Suc-
cession, VI 21 ; and Indemnity Acts, 44 ;
in American colonies, and outbreak of
War of Independence, vn 144 sq. ; sects
in U.S.A., 738 sq. ; and French Eevo-
lution, vm 763 sqq. See also the various
sects and Toleration
Nonnen, Edward, agriculturist, xi 684
Non-resisting Test, introduced in the Lords
(1676), V 216 sqq.
Noot, Henri van der, Belgian politician, vi
651 sqq.; 656; vm 319 sq., 328 sq., 336
sq., 415, 786
Nootka Sound, discovery of (1778), vn 366;
seizure of British ships in, vi 476, vn
328, vm 188, 289 sq., 448; Convention
at (1790), 292; trading settlement at, iz
748
Norby, Soren, Norwegian admiral, n 608,
623
NordenskjSld, Adolf Erik, Swedish traveller,
xn280; 795
Nordhausen, meeting of Schmalkaldic
League at (1531), n 217
Nordheim, capture of, by Tilly, iv 100
Nordin, Prebendary Carl Gustaf, and Gus-
tavus III, VI 777 sqq.
Baron, Swedish financier, xi 684
Nore, The, mutiny at (1797), vm 476, 479
sq., IX 676
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey
and 2nd (Howard) Duke of, i 471;
victorious at Flodden, 482
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and
3rd Duke of, overcomes Andrew Barton
in the Downs, 1 479 ; made Earl of Surrey,
482; n 45, 47, 78, 417; sack of Morlaix
by, 420 ; invasion of Picardy by, ib. ; in-
vasion of Scotland by, 422, 456; the
Pilgrimage of Grace and, 446 sq. ; 462;
471, 475, 520, 527
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of, n
667; m 278, 280 sq.; executed (1572),
283, 285
(Virginia), burnt (1775), vn 169;
Navy Yard at, seized by Confederates
(1861), 454, 660; abandoned (1862), 474,
552
Island, penal establishment at, xi
791, 794
Noris, Enrico, Cardinal, vi 689
Norman, George, Reformer in Sweden, n
629
Sir Henry Wylie, and Sher Ali, xn
467
Normanby, Constantine Henry Phipps,
Marquess of (Lord Mulgrave), vm 660
sq.; X 677
Normandy, Coligny goes to, ni 5 ; Royalist
army in, 6; cessation of active hostilities
in, 24 ; Duke of Montpensier tries to secure
for Henry IV, 51; Essex leads a small
army to (1590-1), 334; the League in,
661, 663; Parlement of, iv 611; 612;
customs of, V 13 ; 26 ; bread riots in,
VI 144 ; 452 ; 783 ; agricultural population
in, vra 61; disaffection in (1793), 268,
340, 346; visit of Bonaparte to, ix 80
Charles, Duke of. See Aquitaine
Norris {or Norreys), Sir Henry, m 15
(Norreys), Sir John, expedition of , to
Spain, ra 317-8, 511; in Ireland, 600,
605 sqq.
Sir John, Admiral, vi 24; 26; 28;
in the Baltic, 34, 36; 110; 239
Sir William, envoy to India, v 701
Norrkopmg, Diet of (1604), iv 174, 177;
Swedish Riksdag at, vi 766
Norrland, iron ore fields of, xn 289
North, Sir Dudley, the Discourses upon
Trade, x 770
Edward, 1st Lord, n 476
Francis. See Guilford, Lord
498
General Index,
North, Frederick, Lord. See Guilford, 2nd
Earl of
Frederick, Lord {afterwards 4th Earl
of Guilford), and the Quebec Act, x 686
Frederick {afterwards 6th Earl of
Guilford), 1st Governor of Ceylon (1798),
1x734
Roger, IV 755
North American Beview, vn 744
Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st Earl of,
(3rd cr.),ni 559-60
William Parr, Ist Marquis of, n 475 ;
second marriage of, 480, 493, 499; and
the trial of Somerset, 506 sq. ; 517
North Anna river, Lee entrenched behind,
vn 519
Berwick, Jacobites at, vi 99
North Briton, vi 429 sqq. ; 441
Northbrook, Thomas George Baring, 1st
Earl of, xn 34; mission of, to Egypt,
444; Viceroy of India, 463 sqq.; resigns,
466; 472; 476
Northcote, Sir Stafford. See Iddesleigh,
Earl of
North-East Passage, Willoughby and
Chancellor search for, i 53
Northern Star, Chartist newspaper, x 683
Northern War, The Great (1699-1721), see
Vol. V, Chap. XIX passim; Eussia and,
527 sq. ; 580 sqq. ; Brandenburg and,
666 sqq. ; end of, vi 34 sqq.
North German Confederation, xi 220 ; 455 ;
formation of, 457 sqq. ; and southern
States, 464 sq. ; Napoleon HI and, 480;
xn 134 sq.
Northington, Eobert Henley, 1st Earl of.
Lord Chancellor, vi 425 ; 434 sqq. ;
President of the Council, 439
Eobert Henley, 2nd Earl of. Viceroy
of Ireland, vi 464; 501 sqq.
North Island, New Zealand, xi 795 sq.;
799 sq.
Pole, expeditions to, xn 795, 814 sq.
— — Sea, submarine telegraph under, xi
346; XII 171; Dogger Bank incident in,
723 sq.
Sea Convention, xn 290 sq.
Northumberland, Whitecoats raised in, iv
305
Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of, iv 557
Henry Algernon Percy, 6th Earl of,
n 434, 439, 454
Hugh (Smithson) Percy, 1st Duke
(3rd cr.) (and 4th Earl) of, vi424; 437;
492
John Dudley, Duke of (Earl of War-
wick), n 458, 460, 475, 488, 491 sq.; defeat
of Norfolk rebels by, 493; plots against
Somerset, 494 sqq. ; rule of, as Protector,
499-511; foreign policy of, 499 sq. ; pro-
gress of Eef ormation under, 502-3 ; leads
forces against Mary, 515; arrest of, 518;
executed, 520
Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of, in 278,
281
North-West Company, The, rs 747
Frontier Province, Lord Lytton and,
xn 474
Passage, Frobisher seeks, i 53 sq. ;
Dutch attempt to discover (1596), m 632
Provinces, xi 751 ; formation of, xn
495
Territories, xi 771 sqq.; 776 sq. ;
xn 605
Territory, vn 308, 357 ; slavery pro-
hibited in, 386, 406
Norton, Sir Fletcher. See Grantley, Lord
Thomas, in 366-7, 371
Norumbega, settlement of, vn 71
Norway
n xvii The Scandinavian North, 599-602
(2) Norway, 617-21
IV XX The Scandinavian North (1559-
1660), passim, 560-91
V xviii The Scandinavian Kingdoms, pas-
sim, 558-83
[See also ib., 613]
VI xxi Denmark under the Bernstorffs
and Struensee, passim, 735-57
IX xix and xxi The Congress of Vienna,
I and II, passim, 576-615, 646-
71
XI xxiv Scandinavia (1815-70)
(i) Sweden and Norway, 677-
90
(iii) Dano-Norwegian Literature
(1815-65), 697-702
xn xi Scandinavia, 280-90
Norwich, captured by Ket, n 492; and the
First Civil War, iv 302 ; spinning industry
at, X 735
George Goring, Earl of, and the
Eoyalist rising in Kent, iv 349; 351;
recalled from France, 597
Noskowski, Bishop of Plock. See Plock
Nota, Alberto, Italian playwright, xi 548
Notables, Assembly of (1596), m 671
Nothomb, Jean Baptiste, Belgian statesman,
X 532 ; 542 ; XI 669 sq.
Notre Dame, Cathedral of, consecrated to
worship of Eeason, vm 359; Temple of
the Supreme Being, 514
Nott, Sir William, General, Commander at
Kandahar, xi 733 sqq.
Nottingham, King's standard raised at, iv
302; 304 sqq.; Cromwell at, 314; Leven
at, 331; surrenders its charter, v 229;
Luddites at, ix 692; Castle, burnt (1831),
X 613
Charles Howard, Earl of (5th cr.)
(Lord Howard of Effingham), and the
Armada, in 309-11, 313 sqq.; 361; 538;
559; 564; 567
Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of (6th cr.),
V 210; 233
and Winchelsea, Daniel Finch, 2nd
and 6th Earl of, v 243; 247; Secretary
of State, 258; dismissal of, 274; 277;
336 sq.; and the "tack," 464; 471; vi
435
General Index,
499
Nouvelle Minerve, French literary journal,
X 499
Nova Colonia, established, v 680; ceded
to Spain, vi 386
Novaliches, Don Manuel Pavia, Marquis of,
XI 569
Novalis. See Hardenberg, Friedrich Lud-
wig von
Novara, siege of (1495), 1 117; (1513), 139;
Preliminaries of Vienna and, vi 155;
battle of (1849), x 116 sq., xi 93 sqq., 121,
207, 366 sq.
Guarino di Favera, Bishop of, the
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, n 17
Nova Scotia, French settlement in, vn 71 ;
restored to France (1697), v 63; assigned
to England (1713), vi 411, vn 112; the
fall of Louisburg and, 115 sq. ; import-
ance of, 120 sq.; French intrigues in,
121 sqq.; fishery dispute and, 363, 434,
657 sqq.; settlers in, ix 743; x 685;
"Loyalists" in, 687; divided (1784),
688; industry of, 689; xi 757; 759 sq. ;
union of, with Canada, 770 sq. ; in-
dustries of, xn 611 ; 616. See also
Acadia
Zembla (Novaia Zemlia), Dutch ad-
venturers in, in 632; discovery of, xn
793; 795
Nov6ant, German force at, xi 589
Noveschi, Siennese faction, n 83
Novgorod, Treaty of (1611), iv 176; v 477
sq. ; annexed by Ivan the Great, 479 sq. ;
484; massacre at, 488; Sweden and, 501,
502; 588; recruiting in, x 415, 416; 468
Novgorod-Sieverski, annexed to Bussia, v
479
Novgorodtseff, Eussian Liberal, xn 333
Novi, battle of (1799), vm 659; Desaix and,
IX 62-3
Novibazar, Sandjak of, xn 386; 392; 396;
Austrian occupation of, 400 sq.; 424;
evacuated by Austria, 427
Novik, Eussian cruiser, xn 591
Novikoff, Nicolas Ivanovich, Eussian
writer, vi 699; vm 784 sq.
Novion, Nicolas Potier, Sieur de, v 16
Novisima Recopilacidn, x 208
Novo-Archangelsk, Eussian settlement at,
vn 371
Novoberdo, captured by the Turks (1455),
I 69
NovoS Vremya, Eussian journal, xn 314;
331; 346; 376
Novogrod, Eussian retreat to, ix 284
Novorossiisk, mutiny at, xn 362; 363
Novossilzoff, Count Nicolas, ix 246; 248;
expelled from St Petersburg (1807), 306;
influence of, 483; Eussian envoy in
England (1804), x 3; 15; and the pro-
posed Eussian Constitution, 437 sq.; and
Pohsh affairs, 446, 448, 450 sqq., 455;
at Vilna, 459
Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St Paul's, n
585, 592
Nowe-Miasto, Archduke Ferdinand at, nc
354
Noy, William, Attorney-General, iv 281;
and ship-money, 282
Noyers, Sublet de, rival of Mazarin, rv 593
Noyon, Treaty of, between Charles V and
France (1516), i 247, 369, 487; n 39,
143; Calvin born at, 349; besieged by
Henry IV, m 50
Noyon, Bishops of: —
Charles de Hangest, n 350
Jean de Hangest, n 350
Nubar Pasha, xn 434; General Gordon
and, 439; 442; 450
Nueces river, boundary of Texas, vii 394
Numberg, i 299; Council of Eegency at,
310; Diet of (1491), 302, (1501), 311,
(1522), 660, n 152 sq., (1524), 156, 171;
Reichsregiment at (1521), 151, (1524),
156; spread of reformed doctrines in,
170 ; Peasants' Eevolt at, 177 ; the original
Protestants and, 204 sq.; the Augsburg
Confession signed by, 211 ; Eeligious Peace
at (1532), 218, 221, 232; Catholic League
of (1538), 235, 237; quits Landsberg
League, m 709; religious disturbance in,
724; Protestant Union joined by, 725;
meeting of Electors in (1611), 735; Pro-
testant Union at, iv 4, 12, 33; bank of,
7 ; besieged by Tilly, 208 ; and Gustavus
Adolphus, 207; 214 sq.; Gustavus and
Wallenstein before, 216 sqq. ; meeting of
KurfUrstentag at, 384; Treaty of West-
phalia wound up at (June, 1650), 415;
commercial state of, 420; Bavaria and,
V 51, IX 269; v 610
Conrad II, Burgrave of, v 622
Frederick III, Burgrave of, v 622
Frederick VI, Burgrave of. See
Brandenburg, Frederick I, Elector of
Nueva, Joao de, Portuguese explorer, defeats
the Zamorin of Calicut (1600), i 29
Nugent, Count Laval, Austrian field-
marshal, IX 359; XI 84; 86
••Nullifiers," party in S. Carolina (1831)
against the tariff, vn 381 sq,
Nuncomar, Sir Elijah Impey and, vi 471;
and Warren Hastings, 572 sqq.; 583;
IX 715, 716
Nunez, Fernan, Spanish envoy at Lisbon,
VI 377
Nunez, Fernando de Guzman. See Pin-
tianus
B., President of Colombia, xn 673
Nup^, xn 660; Hornemann lost at, 806
Nupieds, rebellion of the, in Normandy,
IV 153
Nur Jehin, wife of Emperor Akbar, vi
516 sq.
Nur Mohammad, Syad, Afghan ambassador,
xn 467 sq.
Nushki-Seistan trade route, xn 492
Nuytz, Canonist, xi 712
Nyangiv6, Livingstone at, xn 809; 810
Nyantics, The, Indian tribe, vn 23
500
General Index,
Nyassa, Lake, xn 661; 663; Livingstone
at, 809
Nyassaland, exploration of, xi 575
Nyborg, Dutch victory at (1659), iv 432,
689, v 147
Nye, Philip, Westminster Assembly and,
IV 319; Independent leader, 359
Nyenskans. See Slottburg
Nykoping, Swedish Estates at, iv 177
Nymegen, Maurice's attempt to capture, in
626; the Allies at, v 406; Peace of (1679),
23, 36, 45 sqq., 49, 52, 63, 162, 165 sq.,
220, 356, 454, 570 sq., 577, 652, 688, vi 4
Nymphenburg, Treaty of, vi 231
Nyon, Treaty of (1564), ra 405
Nyssens, Albert, Belgian politician, xn 253
Nystad, Peace of (1721), v 542, 615, vi 37,
758, 782
O, Franpois, Marquis de, Surintendant, in 47
Oakboy disturbances in Ireland, vi 490
Oastler, Eichard, x 659; 681 sq.
Gates, Titus, v 220 sqq. ; 224 ; 227 ; sentence
on, 231; 306; 334
Ob river, Cossacks on, xn 794; 795
Obdam de Wassenaer. See Wassenaer
Oberberg, Burchard, Bishop of, ni 156
Oberglauheim, and battle of Blenheim, v
410 sq.
Oberhalbstein, Catholic commune of, iv 47
Oberkampf, Guillaume-Philippe, French
manufacturer, ix 125
Oberlander, Martin Gotthard, Saxon Min-
ister, XI 149
Oberlin, Jacobin member of Swiss Directory,
1x97
Oberstein, Count, and the " Spanish Fury"
at Antwerp, in 245
Obok, French colony of, xn 343; 664
Obrenovich, House of, xi 647
Milosh. See Milosh
O'Brien, James (Bronterre), Chartist, x 684 ;
XI 19
Murrough, 1st Earl of Thomond and
Baron Inchiquin. See Thomond
Teig, m 607
William, Fenian, xn 65
William, Irish politician, and Plan
of Campaign, xn 85; 89
• William Smith, Irish Nationalist, xi
8 sq. ; and repeal of Com Laws, 11 ; 13
Obschiitz, French army at, vi 270 sqq.
O'Byrne, Fiagh MacHugh, m 598
O'Cahan, the clan of, in Londonderry, in
588
Sir Donnell, Lord of Iraghticahan,
m 611 sqq.
Oca,na, Duchess of Mantua interned at, rv
654; victory of King Joseph at (1809), ix
455-6; revolt at (1820), x 216
Occasional Conformity Bill, and "tack" of
1704, V 464 ; passed, 471
Ochakoff, fortress of, vi 305; 307; cap-
tured by Russia (1788), 676, vin 292 sqq.,
325, 337,628; razed, 295
Ochiali, Pasha, Ottoman sea-captain, in
125, 135 sq.
Ochiltree, James Stewart, Lord, vn 112
Ochino, Bernardino, Italian Reformer, n
390, 392 sq. ; in England, 477 ; Elizabeth
and, 563; influence in Poland of, 637,
m 80; II 716; Labyrinth, 716
Ochrida, Lake, xn 392
Ochs, Peter, Swiss democrat, vm 639, 781
sq.; IX 96
Ochsenbein, Ulrich, Swiss politician, xi 247
sq. ; 251 ; 253 sq.
Ochterlony, Sir David, in Nepal, ix 732;
at Bhartpur, xi 729
O'Connell, Daniel, and the Irish Union,
IX 707 sq. ; and Catholic Emancipation,
X 141, 629 sqq.; Leo XII on, 153; 593;
and Bentham, 598; election of, for
County Clare, 607, 646 sq., 654 ; career of,
629 sq. ; defence of Magee, 635 ; opposes
Plunket's Bill, 636; policy of, ib.; and
visit of George IV to Ireland, 637; founds
a new Association (1823), 639 sqq. ; 642;
and Goulburn's Act, 643; and Waterford
election, 644; 649; 652 sq. ; in Parlia-
ment, 656; 657 sq.; and Coercion Bill
(1834), 663; Earl Grey and, 664; and
second Melbourne Ministry, 669; and
Lord John Russell, ib. ; and Irish Poor
Law Reform, 676; 677; and Working
Man's Association, 683; Lord Mayor of
Dublin, XI 7; and Young Ireland, 7 sq. ;
and Repeal campaign of 1843, 8; con-
victed of sedition, ib.; 9; death of, 12;
13; XII 72 sqq.; and the Papacy, 82
O'Connor, Arthur, vin 473, 772; and the
United Irishmen, ix 700 sq.
Fergus, Chartist, x 683 sq. ; xi 19
O'Conor, Brian, in 583, 587
Cahir, m 587
Charles, and Catholic Emancipation,
X 627
Octennial Act, vi 493
Oczakoff. See Ochakoff
Odell, Moses F., American politician, vii
469
Odense, Herredag of (1527), n 612 sq.;
Diet of (1657), iv 584
Odense, Bishops of: —
Jens Andersen (Beldenak), n 603 sqq.,
613
Knud Gyldenstierne, n 608, 613 sq.,
616, 619
Odenwald, districts in, ceded to Bavaria, x
346
Oder river, boundary of Mark Brandenburg,
V 618 ; 627 ; and Frederick William Canal,
646 ; VI 274 ; 2*79 ; Russians and Prussians
on, 280; 292 sqq.; 326; French garrisons
on, IX 325
Odescalchi, Benedetto. See Innocent XI
Odessa, vi 676 ; Catharine 11 and, 692 ; the
Hetairia Philike founded at, x 176 ; Gre-
gorios buried at, 183; 554; and wheat
trade, 760 ; local government in, xi 621 ;
General Index,
601
625 ; revolutionary propaganda in, xn 304 ;
305; 307 sq. ; strike in, 331; 340; naval
mutiny at, 355 ; 358 sq. ; 367
O'Devany, Cornelius, Catholio Bishop of
Down and Connor, execution of, rv 515
Odoevsky, Prince, v 534
O'Dogherty, Sir Cahir, Lord of Inishowen,
in 612 sq.
O'Donell, Jos6 Enrique. See La Bisbal,
Conde de
O'Donnell, the clan of, in Tyrconnell, in
589, 601 sq.
Calvagh, m 589 sqq., 602
Con, m 591, 602
Edmund, Jesuit, m 596
Sir Hugh, chief in Tyrconnell, ni
602 sq.
Hugh MacDiaganach, ni 603
Hugh Eoe, chief in Tyrconnell, in
521, 529, 531 sq.; death of (1602), 533,
611; 603 sqq.; 609
Joan, III 603
Manus, chief in Tyrconnell, m 583,
587
Sir Niall Garv, m 608, 612 sq.
Bory, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell. See
Tyrconnell
O'Donoju, Juan, Viceroy of Mexico, x 304
Odowalski, Count, in Prague, iv 393
O'DriscoU, clan of, m 532 sq.
Odyk, William Adrian, Lord of, v 156
Odyniec, Antoni Eduard, Polish poet, xi
658
Oebli, Hans, Landammann of Glarus, n
331 sq.
Oechsli, Zwinglian Keformer, n 325
Oecolampadius, John (Hausschein), Ee-
former, n 155, 161; at Marburg, 207
216, 234 ; and the French Eeformers, 283
and Waldenses, 289; Zwingli and, 316
at Disputation of Baden (1526), 326 sq.
at Basel, 355; 698
Oedenburg, Diet at (1681), v 357, 367
Oeder, Georg Christian, vi 747
Oehlenschlager, Adam Gottlob, Danish
poet, VI 831; xi 692; 698 sq.
Oland, sea-fight at (1676), v 162; 569
Orebro, Synod of (1529), n 628; Charles IX
meets his Estates at (1610), iv 177;
Gustavus holds Diet at (1614), 181 sq. ;
Diet at (1810), ix 324
Oersted, Hans Christii.,n, Danish scientist,
XI 699; xn 786
Oesel, a Danish possession, rv 561; ceded
.. to Sweden (1645), 572
Ostergotland, Duke John of, heir to Swedish
throne, iv 174; 177; death of, 183
Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph, German
metaphysician, v 762
Oettingen, House of, joins the Protestant
Union, in 725
Oettingen-Wallerstein, Ludwig Kraft Ernst,
Prince of, xi 61
Oeyras, Count of. See Pombal, Marquis of
Ofen. See Buda
Oflaly, rebellion in, ni 685, 587, 599 ;
plantation in, 588, v 323
Thomas Fitzgerald, Lord, m 581
Offenburg, Eadical gathering at, xi 62 sq.
Offuz, and battle of Eamillies, v 415
Ogaki, clansmen of, xi 851
Ogasawara, Japanese Minister, xi 848;
850; 854
Ogden (Utah), railroad centre, vn 705
Oge, Vincent, leader of rebellion in San
Domingo, vm 193
Ogeron de la Bou^re, Bertrand Denis de,
vn 86, 91
Ogilvie, William, philosopher, vm 769
General, at Narva, v 591; 594
Ogilvy, James, Earl of Seafield. See
Seafield
Ogle, Charles Chaloner, in Greece, xn 391
Thomas, Episcopacy and, iv 320
Oglethorpe, James, founder of Georgia, vn
61 sqq.
James Edward, Commander of
Wade's Horse, vi 115
Oglio river, French force at, v 402
O'Gorman, Purcell, x 641
Ogow6 river, xn 130; exploration on, 812
O'Hagan, Thomas, Lord, Lord Chancellor
_ of Ireland, xi 8
Ohara, Japanese noble, xi 845 sq.
O'Higgins, Bernardo, x 292
Ohio, encouragement of manufactures in,
vn 354; enters Union (1803), 358, 421;
population of, 359 ; and the slavery ques-
tion, 361, 424; favours protection, 377,
381; militia of , 456 ; and Vallandigham,
574 sq.; negro suffrage in, 629; Demo-
crats in, 646
river, importance of, vn 108 ; expe-
dition to (1749), 119; French on, 131,
136; Clarke's campaigns on, 221 sq.;
steamboats on, 351, 360, 690; settlers on,
357; Grant's operations on, 463; railway
from, to Baltimore, 694
Company, vn 95
valley, colonisation in, vi 183; 462
Ohm, Georg Simon, German physicist, xn
786
Oil river. Great Britain and, xn 659; 660
Ojetti, Ugo, Italian writer, xn 231
Oken, Lorenz, x 364 sq.
Okey, John, regicide, v 149; vi 799
Okhotsk, sea of, xi 272; trade route to,
_ xn 794
Oki of Hizen, Japanese vice-Minister, xi
865
Oklahoma, settlers in, vn 711
Oku, Baron, Japanese general, xn 585 sqq.;
at battle of Liaoyang, 591 sq.; 593; 596
_ sq. ; at battle of Mukden, 598
Okubo, Japanese statesman, xi 861; 864 sq.;
_ xn 549 sq.
Okuma, Japanese Councillor of State, xi
865 ; xn 549 sq.
Olaf, King of Denmark and {later) of
Norway, u 600
602
General Index.
Olafsson, Martin. See Linkoeping, Bishops
of
Olavide, Don Pablo Antonio Jos^, Count of
Pilos, El Evangelio en triumfo, vni 783
Old Catholics, The, and Dollinger, xn 147
sqq.
Old De Beers, diamonds discovered at, xi
787
" Old League," of Swiss Highlanders, r 295
••Old Boman Catholic" Church, the re-
mains of Jansenism in Holland, v 91
Oldenbameveldt, Johan von. Grand Pen-
sionary of Holland, m 540, 621 sqq., 629,
633 sq., 637, 640 sqq.; Remonstrantie of,
651, 652 sq.; execution of (1619J, 654;
character of, 654 sq., 656; and Swedish
alliance, iv 191 ; 690 ; party of, 723 ; policy
of, 729; V 139; 702
Eegnier de. Lord of Groenveld, in
656
William de. Lord of Stoutenburg, iii
656
Oldenburg, Christian of. See Christian I,
King of Denmark
Count Christopher of, leader of
forces of Liibeck, ii 230, 259, 261,
614 sq.
Paul Frederick Augustus, Grand
Duke of, XI 151; 279
Peter I, Grand Duke of, deposed, ix
375
Henry, Secretary of Koyal Society,
v 754
Oldensworth, Stenbock capitulates at (1713),
V 582, 609
Oldenzaal, siege of (1597), ni 629; captured
by Spinola(1605), 637
Oldham, John, poet, v 135
John, trader, murdered by Lidians,
VII 19
Oldmixon, John, vii 108
Olearius, Adam, v 511; 518
Olesnicki, Nicholas, iii 75
Olevian, Caspar, in 154 sq.
Olga Bay, Sir James Hope at, xi 843
Oiler, Jean-Jacques, Abbe, v 78 sq.
Olinda, Dutch at, iv 707, 750; rivalry of,
with Eeciff, v 678; captured by Dutch,
VI 389
Olipbant (Margaret Oliphant Wilson), Mrs,
novelist, xi 360
Oliva, Barbarossa at, m 109; Peace of
(1660), IV 433, 589 sqq., 621, v 344,
349, 563, 593, 643, 649; Cistercian
convent of, 629; 632
Olivares, Caspar de Guzman, Count of
Olivares, Duke of San-Lucar de Barra-
meda, Spanish statesman, ni 540; 575;
IV 82 ; aggressive policy of, 191 ; influence
of, 628 sq.; character and ascendancy
of, 635 sqq.; Buckingham and, 641;
finance and, 642 sq., 656; 644; Cata-
lonia and, 645, 647 sqq.; combination
against, 650; Braganza and, 651 sq. ; in
Aragon, 653; fall of, 654 sq. ; 658; 662
Olivares, Count Henry de Guzman de,
Spanish ambassador, m 46; 289; 430;
434 sq.; 448; 451 sqq.
01iven(?a, ceded to Spain (1801), ix 72,
605; restoration of, to Portugal, 652,
661, 670
Oliver, Peter, Chief Justice of Massachu-
setts, vn 156
Bichard, Alderman of London, yi
444
informer, x 679
Olivier, Fran9ois, Chancellor of France,
n 297
Juste, poet, XI 261
Olkusz mines, x 449
Ollanda, Francesco de, n 34
Ollivier, Emile, French statesman, xi 304;
472 sq.; 475; 480; rivalry of, with
Rouher, 481 sq.; 485; Ministry of, 490
sqq. ; 578 ; retirement of, 588 ; xn 109
Olmutz, Peace of (1477), i 331, 335; taken
by Torstensson (1642), iv 386; vi 233;
siege of (1758), 277 sq., 707; 280; 289;
seminary at, 637; march of Kutusoff
on, IX 257; and Austerlitz, 260-1;
Archduke Ferdinand retires upon, 354;
Metternich at, xi 154 ; 190 ; 217 ; confer-
ences at, 225; the punctation of, 231,
393
Olney, Bichard, American Secretary of
State, vn 671 sq. ; xn 687 sqq.
Olona, revenue raised from, ix 393
Olonets iron-works, v 533; 548
Oloron, Gerard Eoussel, Bishop of, n 282,
284 sq., 287, 353
016zaga, Salustiano de, Spanish states-
man, X 242; XI 550; elected to Cortes,
555 ; 556 ; draws up Liberal Constitution,
561; arrested, 555; 566
Olympia, excavations in, xn 845
Omagh, fort established at, m 609
Oman, the sultanate of, xn 491
Omar Pasha, relieves Corinth (1463), i 79
Pasha, Turkish general, xi 277 ; 283 ;
crosses the Danube, 315 ; 317 ; 636
Omdurman, taken by Lord Kitchener, xii
448
O'Meara, Barry, at St Helena, ix 757;
768
Omichand, and conspiracy against Sir&j-ud-
daula, VI 554 sq.
O'More, Gilapatrick, in 587
Rory, Irish rebellion and, m 588,
ry 522
Omsk, post-road through, xii 792
Onate, Carlist university at, xn 260
Count, Spanish ambassador, after-
wards Viceroy of Naples, rv 22 ; at Vienna,
238; 239 sqq.; 240; 241
Onegha, captured by the French (1792),
vm 457
Oneida, The. See Iroquois
O'Neills, The, of Tyrone, in 680, 688
O'Neill, Sir Art, in 608
Brian, m 589; murdered, 690
General Indeoo,
503
O'Neill, Con Bacach, 1st Earl of Tyrone.
See Tyrone, Earl of
Sir Cormac, in 612
Hugh, Baron of Dungannon, 2nd
Earl of Tyrone. See Tyrone, Earl of
Hugh, joins Ormonde, iv 533 sq.
John. See Tyrone, Earl of
Matthew (Fedoragh) . See Dungannon
Owen Eoe, Irish rebels and, iv 622,
525 ; in Ulster, 525 ; defeat of, at Clones,
526 ; Einuccini and, 530 ; 531 sqq.
Sir Phelim, iv 534
Shane, Earl of Tyrone. See Tyrone,
Earl of
Turlough Luineach, m 590, 601 sqq.
Onondaga, The. See Iroquois
Onslow, Arthur, Speaker of the Commons,
VI 70; 72
Ontario, Hull invades (1812), vii 337; and
Confederation, xi 770 ; 771 ; 774 ; xn 604 ;
industries of, 611 sq. ; railways in, 613;
614
Lake, war on (1813), vn 341
Ootmarsum, siege of (1597), m 629
Opatoff , Archduke Ferdinand withdraws to,
1x354
Opdam, Dutch admiral, succeeds Tromp,
rv 476; relieves Copenhagen, 588
Opechancanough, Indian chief, vn 7 sq.
Opequon, battle of (1864), vn 532
Opie (Amelia Alderson), Mrs, vm 764
Opinion nationale^ La, French journal, xi
487
Opitz, Martin, German poet, v 68
Opium trade. Commission on, in regard to
India, xn 485 sq. ; with China, 516 sq.
Oporto, riots in, vi 386 ; Wine Company of,
385; Soult captures (1809), ix 449 sq. ;
Wellesley at, 451; revolt at (1820), x
312; Saldanha at, 320, 322; Santa
Martha evacuates, 328; siege of (1832),
329 sqq.; raised, 335 ; 336; insurrectionary
Junta at, 339 ; xi 572 ; Kepublican rising
at, xn 270 sq.
Oppede, Jean Meynier, Seigneur de, perse-
cutes the Waldenses, n 290
Oppeln, duchy of, iv 75, 98; principality
of, V 625
Oppenheim, burnt by the French (1689),
V 57
Oppert, Julius, German Assyriologist, xn
845
Opra Pitrachand, Siamese Minister, xn 534
Opressa, Charles XH at, v 600
Oprichnina, administrative expedient esta-
blished by Ivan IV, v 490 sqq., 499 sq. ;
502
Oquendo, Admiral Antonio de, at the battle
of the Downs, iv 700; at Pemambuco,
707 sq.
Miguel de, in 307, 312, 314
Oram Bey, m 137, 138
Oran, conquest of, by Spain (1509), i 365,
(1731), VI 151; 380; revolt in, xn 129
Orange, principality of, v 449 sq.
Orange, House of, and Peace of Miinster,
IV 716; 720
Orange, Princes of: —
Frederick Henry of Nassau, m 637;
644; 649; succeeds to Maurice, 656;
occupies Herford, iv 10; at Worms, 66;
takes Rheinberg, 230 ; 257 ; 311 ; Gu6-
briant and, 386; poUcy of, 401; death
of, 598 ; see Chap, xxiv passim ; v 137 ;
622; 640 sq.; 668
John II of Chalons, (1485-7), i 393
John William Friso (of Nassau-
Dietz), V 425; 668
Maurice of Nassau, m 225 ; 519 sq. ;
533 sqq.; 619 sqq.; military achievements
of, 625-9, 631, 634-8; and the Peace,
640 sqq.; and Oldenbame veldt, 649 sqq.;
death of , 656 ; iv 3 ; and Frederick V,
29, 70; 81; death of, 689; 690; 692;
694; Breda and, 698; 778; v 137
Philibert, n 55 sqq.
Philip William of Nassau, m 190,
653
William (the Silent), of Nassau,
n 71, 78; in France with the German
auxiliaries to the Huguenots, ni 12, 37,
138, 164, 174, 177, 179, 182; early life,
189-204, 206 sqq. ; proposes German
Protestant league, 210; leaves Nether-
lands, 213, 217 sqq.; career of. Chap, vii,
221-59, 290, 498, 501, 618, 621, 704, 708,
710; V 137; 449; 628
William II of Nassau, betrothal of,
IV 290; 468; marriage of, 701; 720; 724;
States General and, 725 sq. ; death of,
466, 727; v 137 sq. ; 642
William III of Nassau. See William
in. King of England
William IV, Stadholder, vm 321
William V, vi 709; viii 106, 276,
286 sq. ; at the Hague (1787), 288, 321
sqq., 429, 787; x 77; 90, 92, 749
William Frederick. See William I,
King of Netherlands
Orange, Amalia von Solms, Princess of,
married to Frederick Henry, m 656;
IV 689 sq.; changes sides, 697; v 107;
144; 151
Anne (of Egmont), 1st consort of
William of, in 190
Anne (of Saxony), 2nd consort of
William of, m 179; marriage of, 193;
222; frenzied, 225; 241
Charlotte (de Bourbon), 3rd consort
of WilHam of, marriage and character
of, m 179, 241; death of, 255
Prince Frederick of, at Hal, ix 632
Louise (de CoUgny), 4th consort of
William of, marriage and character of,
m 256 sqq.; and Arminians, 649; and
Oldenbarneveldt, 653; death of, 655
Mary, Princess of (daughter of
Charles I), iv 290; marries William II
of Orange, 701 sq.; v 107; 144; 148;
151
504
General Index,
Orange, Wilhelmina (of Prussia), Princess
of, consort of William V, vi 709 ; arrest
of, vm 107, 287, 322 sq.
Orange-Chalons, Philibert, Prince of, in
190
Een6 of Nassau, Prince of, n 78;
ra 190, V 449
Orange Free State, founded, xi 784; 786
sqq.; and Confederation, xn 636; 637;
640 sq. ; annexed by Great Britain, 643.
See also Orange Eiver Colony
Eiver Colony, Boer emigration to,
XI 781 sq.; 783; xn 644; and Union of
South Africa, 646; 648
Eiver Sovereignty, xi 783 sq.
Societies, first founded, ix 700;
Lodges, Parliamentary action concern-
ing, X 671 sq.
Oranienburg, castle, v 622; 641
Oratio de Reformandis Moribus, of Pico
della Mirandola, ii 31
Oratory, Congregation of the, welcomes
Cartesian philosophy, rv 789 sq. ; nursery
of clerical scholars, v 78 sq.
of Divine Love, n 379, 640, 647
Orbetello, ceded to Spain, ni 385; Spanish
troops at, VI 159, 236
Orchan, Ottoman Sultan (1326-60), i 67,
99, 101
Oreo, Eemirro de, m 113
Orczy, Baron Laurence, Hungarian writer,
XI 422
Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, American
general, vn 536 sqq.
Orde, Sir John, 1st Baronet, Admiral, in
command off Cadiz, ix 219; nearly cap-
tured by French, 223; removed from
command, 224
Thomas. See Bolton, Lord
Ordener, General, ix 30
Order, Eussian journal, xn 309
Order of the Black Eagle, Prussian, v 665
of German Knights. See German
Knights
of the Sword, collapse of, and
cession of Livonia to Poland, ni 63.
See also Eeligious Orders
Ordinal, The (of 1550), n 503
Ordinaries, The, in Sweden, replace Bishops,
II 629
Ordin-Nashchokin, Athanasius, Eussian
statesman, v 516 sqq.
Ordonnances Ecclesiastiques, Calvin's, n
370 sqq.
Oregon, settlement in, vn 326; British and
American claims in, 364 sq., 391; Eussian
claims in, 370 sq. ; American occupation
of, 393, 398, 406; slavery in, 399; enters
the Union (1859), 438; boundary dispute,
XI 17, 777
O'Eeilly, Alexander, Spanish general, vi
373 sq. ; 382
Count Andrew, Austrian field-
marshal, at Marengo, ix 62
m 603, 605
Or61, disorder in, xn 353
Orenburg, railway to, xi 619, xn 343
Orendayn, Juan. See La Paz, Marquis de
Orense, La Eomana at, ix 448 ; Soult takes
refuge in, 451
Orfa, fortress of, x 560
Orford, Edward Eussell, Earl of. Admiral,
v59; 61; 241; at La Hogue, 261; 262;
274; impeached, 275; 461
Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of, vi 98;
423; 460 sq. ; and Indian Nabobs, 570;
and Benedict XIV, 589; 832; vn 146;
vin 18, 27, 63; x 698; 710; 718; 725;
XI 355
Sir Eobert Walpole, 1st Earl of
(2nd cr.), and party government, v 463;
Secretary at War, 465; 466; 469; 474;
Ministry of (1722-42), Vol. vi. Chap, i
(1); 22; 39; resigns, 72; 109; 157; and
South Sea Company, 179 sqq. ; and
Pragmatic Sanction, 202 ; 235 ; 237 ; 394 ;
Pitt and, 395 sq. ; policy of, i&. ; 417;
and Irish affairs, 485 sq. ; and East
India Company, 530; 809; 817 sq.; vn
58; X 703
Oribe, Manuel, President of Uruguay, xn
680 sqq.
Oriel, John Foster, Lord, and Irish corn
laws, VI 503 sq., xn 67; and Union with
Ireland, ix 704
Orinoco river, gold mine on, in 562;
X 269 sqq. ; Bolivar near, 293 sq.
Oriskany, St Leger's success at (1777), vn
215
Orissa, regained by France, vi 464; British
influence in, 556; 564; famine in, xi 752
Orlmey, Bishop of, in 275-6
Elizabeth Villiers, Countess of, v
257; 274
• Lord George Hamilton, 1st Earl of
(3rd cr.), v 410; 425
Orl^anais, the capitation in the, v 28
Orleans, the Estates at (1439), 1 411, (1561),
II 299 sqq. ; alliance of House of, with
Armagnac (1410) , 36 ; Synod of (1510) , 29 ;
spread of Protestantism in, 291 ; 674 ;
the Ordinance of (1561), 300; siege of
(1562), in 2, (1563), 5; Edict of, 7 sqq.;
League in, 43, 662; concessions granted
to, 666; saved by Mile de Montpensier
(1652), IV 616; xi 602 sqq.; recaptured
by Germans, 605 sq. ; 607
Orleans, Bishops of: —
Arnoul, i 669
Felix- Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup,
XI 118; 120; 296; opposes Emperor,
469; 484; 709; and Syllabus, 716; xn
103; 106; 115
Jean de Morvilliers, in 11
Ludovic-F.-J. de Senao d'Orgeval,
vni 198
Orleans, Dukes of: —
Charles I (of Valois) (d. 1465), i 415
Charles H, invades Luxemburg
(1542), n 76; death of (1645), 80, 461
General Index.
605
Orleans, Dukes of {contd.) : —
Ferdinand-Philippe-Louis, x 483 ;
marriage of, 500; 501; 503; xi 30;
death of (1842), 32
Gaston- Jean-Baptiste, first marriage
of, IV 130 sq. ; character of, 137 ; second
marriage of, 139 sq., 142 sq.; schemes
of , 150 sqq. ; at Court, 592 ; Lieutenant-
general, 593; 596 sqq.; Fronde and, 608;
stands by the Court, 611 sq. ; 613 sqq. ;
joins the rebels, 616 ; Lieutenant-Gover-
nor, 617; death of (1660), 620; lampoons
of, 777
Henry. jS^e Henry II, King of France
Louis, murdered (1407), n 36
Louis (Duke of Chartres) (d. 1752),
VI 134
Louis. See Louis XH, King of France
Louis-Philippe. See Louis-Philippe,
King of France
Louis Philippe Joseph {Egalite), vm
81, 90, 108, 158; conspiracy of, 161 sq.,
184 sq., 247; proscribed (1793), 350;
guillotined, 357
Philip I, V 55 sq.; 106; 162
Philip II, Kegent of France, v 31;
90 ; 419 ; 441 ; Vol. vi. Chap, iv passim ;
25 sqq.; 29 sq. ; Alberoni and, 33; 35;
and Great Britain, 38; and Jacobites,
97, 102; character of, 127; 140; and
Law's System, 169, 172 sq.; Spanish
policy of, 350; 394; death of, 127,
131 sq.; vin 8, 59
Orleans, Duchesses of: —
• Charlotte Elisabeth (Princess Pala-
tine), 2nd wife of Philip I, v 55; 63;
VI 132 sq. ; 164 ; vni 8
H61ene-Louise-Elisabeth of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, wife of Ferdinand-
Philippe-Louis, XI 32; 101
Princess Henrietta of England,
1st wife of Philip I, at Exeter, iv 323 ;
vl06; 198; 203 sq.
Margaret of Lorraine, marriage of,
to Gaston of Orleans, rv 139, 143, 592
Valentina Visconti, wife of Louis I,
I 108, 281
Orleans, Prince Henry of, in China, xn
796; in Central Asia, 803
Orloff, Count Alexei (1796), vi 662 sq. ;
673; 679; ix 35
Aleksei, Prince (1857), xi 614
Prince Alexis Feodorovich, General,
at Constantinople, x 554, 556
Count Gregori, vi 355 ; and Catharine
II, 660,662; 679; 696
Ormea, Charles-Francois- Vincent Ferrero,
Marquis of, Sardinian diplomat, vi 589 sq.
Ormesson, Lef^vre de, French Comptroller-
General, vrn 96 ; elected Mayor of Paris,
252
Ormond, James Butler, 12th Earl, 1st Duke
of, and Confederate Catholics, iv 435,
527 sqq. ; 463 ; 521 sq. ; at Kilrush, 524 ;
at Boss, 526; defeated at Eathmines,
633; 534; Charles II and, 555; v 93;
105; 230; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
302; 304; recalled, 305; reappointed
Lord-Lieutenant, 305 sq.; 310; vi 486
Ormond, James Butler, 2nd Duke of, v 247 ;
412; in Flanders, 433 ; 440; 458; vil4;
18; 97 sq.; 102; and Alberoni, 104 sq.;
expedition of, to England, 125; 142
Mary, Duchess of, wife of 2nd
Duke, V 475
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of, in
590; 594; 596 sq.; 607
Ormonde, Sir James, supporter of Warbeck,
I 470
Ormuz, English capture of (1622), iv 732,
742 sq.
Omano, Jean-Baptiste de, Comte de Mont-
laur. Marshal of France, iv 131
Oropesa, Don Manuel Joaquin Alvarez de
Toledo, 8th Count of. Marquis of Frechilla,
Spanish statesman, v 35; 58; 376
Oroquieta, Don Carlos defeated at, xii 260
Oroshi, burned, xn 402
O'Eourke, Sir Brian, chief of Leitrim, in
604
Brian Oge, m 604-5, 607
Orr, James Lawrence, Confederate Senator,
vn 605
Orrery, Eoger Boyle, 1st Earl of (Lord
Broghill), and Eichard Cromwell, iv
451; and Monck, 638; 547; v 136
Orry de Fulvy, Commissary of Perpetual
Company of Indies, vi 533; 537
Orseolo, Pietro II, Doge of Venice, i 271
Orsini, family of, i 126, 227; war of
Alexander VI with, 233 sq.
(des Ursins), Anne Marie de la
Tr^mouille, Princess, v 447 ; 455 ; vi 122
Felice, Italian revolutionary, xi 291 ;
304; attempts to assassinate Napo-
leon m, 307; 308; 327; execution of,
375; 376
Giovanni, Cardinal, death of, i 240
Ludovico, m 430
Niccold, Count of Pitigliano, Captain-
General of Church, i 114, 117, 133
Paolo, supporter of Medici, i 153
Paolo Giordano, m 396, 427-9
Virginio, advises Piero de' Medici,
I 110; purchases territory from Cibo,
ib., 227; captured by the French, 115;
escapes, 117 ; at war with Alexander VI,
233
Orsova, blockaded by Loudon, vm 326;
ceded to Austria, 334 ; Kossuth at, xi 212
Ortega, Jaime, Captain-General of the
Balearic Islands, xi 564
Ortenau, ceded by Austria to Modena, ix 94
Ortenburg, Joachim, Count of, ni 160; the
" Ortenburg conspiracy," ib.
Orthez, capture of (1569), m 13; battle of
(1814), IX 481, 550
Ortlieb (Freiherr von Brandis). See Chur,
Bishop of
Oruba, the Dutch in, v 687; yi 186
506
General Index.
Oruro, silver mines at, v 682
Orvieto, Pope Clement VII escapes to, n
24, 57, 429; occupied by the Italian
army, xi 389
Orvilliers, Louis Guillouet, Count, French
admiral, vi 376 ; 450 sq.
Ory, Matthieu, Inquisitor-General, n 288;
Een^e of Ferrara and, 386
Orzechowski, Stanislaus, m 75, 79
Osaka, Vol. xi, Chap, xxvin (2) passim\
xn 563
Osborne, Thomas, Duke of Leeds. See
Leeds
Oscar I, King of Sweden, xi 682; 686;
accession and reign of, 687 sq. ; xn 282
II, King of Sweden, reign of, xn 273
sqq. ; and Norway, 280, 283 sqq. ; death
of, 290
Osgoode, William, Chief Justice in Canada,
1x744
O'Shaughnessy, Arthur William Edgar,
poet, XI 365
Osiander (Andreas Hosemann), Keformer, n
169, 207, 265; m 153; v 635
Osinsky, Kussian revolutionary, xn 306 sq.
Oslo, Hans Eeff, Bishop of, n 619 sq.
Osma, Pedro de, Spanish heretic, i 680
Osman Digna, xn 440; 443
Pasha, at Plevna, xn 388
Osnabriick, see of, restored to Catholic
occupancy, m 709; coadjutorship of, iv
89 ; peace negotiations and conference at,
146, 398 sqq., 433; and Louis XIV, v 42;
Treaty of, 596, 641
Bishop of. See Hanover, Ernest
Augustus, Elector of
Osorio, Francisco, Spanish revolutionary
officer, X 216
Ossegg, monastery of, iv 15
Osselin, Charles-Nicolas, French deputy,
vm 247
Ossetian mission in Caucasus, x 422
Ossian, poems of, x 698
Ossory, Piers Butler, Earl of, n 442, 471
Thomas Butler, Earl of (d. 1680),
V 196; 213
Osten, Count Adolphus Sigfried, Danish
Minister for Foreign Affairs, vi 747 ; 751
Ostend, siege of (1601-4), m 535, 636-7;
capitulation of, 537-8; 634-5; captured
(1706), V 416; 422; 457; British head-
quarters at, VI 243 ; 246 ; ceded to France,
339; 644; defences of, vni 281
Company, v 703 sq. ; vi 49 ; 57 sqq. ;
suppressed, 60; 188 sqq., 145 sq. ; 149;
Charles VI and, 182; Spain and, 202;
209
Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Eussian Vice-
Chancellor, v 551 sq. ; and Peter 11, 553;
and foreign affairs, i6. ; 554 sqq.; 613
sq.; Foreign Minister, vi 302 sqq.; 309
sq.; arrested, 311; death of, 312; 313 sq.
Count Ivan Andreivich, vi 682 ; am-
bassador to Sweden, 766 ; Eussian Chan-
cellor, vin 548, 551
Ostermann-Tolstoi, Alexander Ivanovich
Tolstoi, Count, Eussian general, ix 261 ;
492, 527
Osterode, Council held at (1806), ix 282;
French headquarters at, 287
Ostia, reduced (1497) by Gonzalo de
Cordova, i 233 ; Cardinal della Eovere at,
110; to be given up by the Papacy (1527),
n 56; Khair Eddin Barbarossa at, ui
112; seized by Napoleon (1806), ix 194
Ostolaza, Canon, x 209
Ostrolenka, Bennigsen's retreat to, ix 284 ;
battle of (1831), x 472
Ostrorog, John, Polish Eeformer, n 634
Ostroviza, captured by the Turks (1454),
I 69
Ostrovno, fight at (1812), ix 492
Ostrovski, Ladislas, Count, and the Polish
revolution, x 467, 469
Ostrovsky, Eussian Minister, xn 317; 326
O'Sulivan, John, Colonel, Jacobite, vi 111
O' Sullivan, Irish chieftain, relations of,
with Spain, ni 532-3
Osuiia, Pedro Giron, Duke of. Governor of
Naples, IV 631; and Paul V, 632; and
the Venetian plot, 671; 633, 636
Osuna (Ossun), Marquis de, French Minister
at Madrid, vi 343 sq.
Oswald, James, politician, vm 769
Eichard, and the peace negotiations
(1782), VI 461; vn 232
Oswego, fort at, vn 125; captured by
Montcalm (1756), vi 403, vn 126; British
failure at (1814), 343
Otago, province of, xi 796; 799
Otaheite. See Tahiti
Othman, Sultan of Ottomans (1299-1323),
I 99
Otho, King of Greece, x 204; 506; xi 18;
accession and reign of, 277 sqq. ; 533 ;
639 sq. ; deposed, 641
Otis, James, vn 149, 153; and the writs of
assistance, 179 sq., 185; 189 sqq., 193
O'Toole, Turlough, m 583
Otori, Japanese Minister, xn 510
Otranto, captured by Turks (1480), i 81,
104, 286, 666; Saint-Cyr withdrawn
from, IX 193; Straits of, xn 242
Pietrantonio di Capua, Archbishop
of, n 390
Otrepieff, Grishka, and the false Dmitri,
V 497, 499
Otricoli, revolutionary force at, xi 72
Ott von Batorkez, Baron P. C. von,
Austrian general, ix 58; 61-2
Ottawa, seat of Government, xi 769, 773;
conference of colonial premiers at, xn
651
river, xn 604; 608; French popula-
tion on, 611
Ottmachau, taken by Prussia, vi 230
Otto I (the Great), Emperor (936-73), i 536;
V 617 sq. ; 639
(of Bavaria), King of Greece. See
Otho
General Index,
607
otto, Louis Guillaume, Comte de Mosloy,
French diplomatist, ix 71; 101-2
Ottoboni, Pietro. See Alexander VIII, Pope
Ottokar II, King of Bohemia, v 631
Ottoman empire. See Turkey
Ottomond, tomb of, v 416
Otway, Thomas, dramatist, v 127 ; 130 sq.
Ouargla, French boundary at, xn 129
Oubril, Count, Eussian envoy, sent to
London, ix 256; sent to Paris, 270-1;
disgraced, 272
Oudenarde, revolt of (1539), ii 74; restored
to Spain, v 45 ; captured by Marlborough
(1706), 416; battle of (1708), 420 sq., 668
Oudenburg, capture of, in 635
Oudewater, taken by Spaniards (1575), rn
241
Oudh, the Begams of, vi 471, 578 sqq.;
524 sq.; 561; a "buffer" State, 563; 568
sq. ; 570; Hastings' policy in, 582 sqq.;
military defence of, ix 714; exactions
from, 716 ; Shore and, 721 ; Momington
and, 724 sq.; annexation of, xi 329, 743;
British intervention in, 730; 745; 748;
750 sq.; xn 480; combined with North-
West Provinces, 495
Nawab Wazir of, Comwallis and,
IX 714; Momington and, 724
Oudinot, Charles-Nicolas, Due de Eeggio,
Marshal of France, vni 661; receives
duchy of Eeggio, ix 111; at Austerlitz,
260; at Erfurt, 319; 351; and Eussian
campaign, 488; 501 sqq. ; sent to Berlin,
520; 525-6; at Dennewitz, 530; defeat
of, at Bar-sur-Aube, 550 ; x 80 ; in Italy,
XI 94, 122 sq., 125 sq.; 706
Ouessant (Ushant), naval engagement off,
VI 451 sq.
Oultremont, Henriette, Countess de, zi
661 sq.
Our Life, Eussian journal, xii 347
Ourthe river, Sch^rer defeats Clerfayt at,
vm 436
Ouseley, Sir William Gore, mission of, to
Buenos Ayres, xn 681
Outram, Sir James, at Haidar&bad, xi 737;
743; 745; at Lucknow, 748 sq.
Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien, French financier,
IX 116; 140, 371
Ovando, Don Nicholas, Spanish Governor
in West Indies, i 41
Overbeck, Friedrich, German painter, x 151
Overbury, Sir Thomas, m 560; iv 734
Overend and Gumey, bank of, xi 340
Overmaas, France and, v 164
Overton, Major-General Eobert, iv 545
Overyssel, province of, m 618; Eemon-
strants in, 647; invaded by English
(1665), V 37, 43, 150; 155; French in-
vasion of (1672), 157; 161; Eepublicans
in, vm 287
Ovidius Naso, Publius, xi 422
Oviedo, Matthew de (titular Archbishop of
Dublin), m 608
Owari clan, xi 857; 864
Owari, daiviio of, xi 825; 832; 836 sq. ;
expedition of, against Choshiu, 852; 858
Owen, Hew, m 289
John, works of, burnt at Oxford,
VI 807
Eobert, socialist, and Factory Act,
IX 692; X 576; 681 sq. ; 684; 778; the
work of, at New Lanark, 779 sq.; and
social reform, xn 738, 744, 750; and
socialism, 758
Samuel, man of science, xi 684
Oxenden, Sir George, Governor of Bombay,
V 698
Oxenham, John, seaman, ni 298-9 ; x 254
Oxenstierna, Axel, Swedish Chancellor, rv
68; headsHeilbronn Alliance, 142; 143;
178 sq. ; 184 sq. ; administration of West
Prussia and. 186 ; 193 sq. ; at Mainz, 209;
216; at Niimberg, 217 sq.; Gustavus
Adolphus and, 219 sq.; 222; directs
Swedish Government, 223 sq. ; 225 ; and
Heilbronn and Franco- Swedish Alliances,
226 sqq.; 234; at Gelnhausen, 235 sq. ;
240; 243 sqq. ; Louis XIII and, 247 sq. ;
Worms Convention and, 249 ; sends
Grotius to Paris, 250; Treaty of Com-
pi^gne and, 144, 251 ; 252 ; Peace of
Prague and, 254; Magdeburg and, 255;
365 sq.; 369; returns to Sweden, 370;
372 sq.; and France, 377; 381; Christian
IV and, 387, 568; 389; 392; 569 sq.;
makes war on Denmark, 571 sq. ; decline
of supremacy of, 555; 574; Charles X
and, 576; death of, 577; Polish policy of,
678; 682; 697; 718; Louis de Geer and,
726; colonies founded by, 759; v 562 sq.
Bengt, Swedish statesman, v 570;
573; 576 sq. ; and Charles XII, 585; 591
Erik, IV 577; Treaty of Elbing and,
583
Count John, Swedish plenipotentiary
at Osnabriick, iv 402 sq.
Oxford, the New Learning at, i 580; Uni-
versity of, n 468, 503, ra 326, 447, v
238, 246, 254, 334, vi 805; martyrs at,
n 538-42; Lerma detained at, through
plague. III 536; Parliament at (1625),
IV 261, (1644), 319 sq., (1681), v 227;
Laud Chancellor of, iv 278; Eoyalist,
304; 306; Charles I at, 308; negotia-
tions at (1643), 309 sq. ; 312 sq.; 315;
321 sqq. ; negotiations at (1644), 327 sq. ;
329 sq. ; 332 sqq. ; 337 sq. ; surrender of,
to ParUamentary forces (1646), 335, 339;
342; 454; Confederate agents at, 528;
Cartesian philosophy expelled from, 791 ;
V 740; 746; 760; the Wesleys at, vi 82;
807; Toryism in, vm 763; Shelley at,
X 712; Clough and Matthew Arnold at,
XI 354 ; study of history at, 363, xn 820,
834, 839 sq. ; abolition of religious tests
in, 27; 36; 762
Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, xi 357
Oxford Movement. See Tractarian Move-
ment
508
General Index,
Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of (2nd cr.),
V 429 sq.; 462 sq.; Secretary of State,
464; intrigues and dismissal of, 465;
466; forms Ministry, 469 sq.; created
earl, 470 ; character of, ih. ; and fall
of Marlborough, 471; and the Old Pre-
tender, 472; 473; 474; dismissal of
(1714), 476; 595; vill; Lord Treasurer,
12; and Succession, 14 sqq.; dismissal
of, 17; George I and, 18; 96; and South
Sea Company, 177
Eobert de Vere, 19th Earl of, rv
696
Oxley, John, Australian explorer, xi 790 sqq.
Oxus river, Emperor Babar's troops on, vi
508; Eussian advance on, xi 632
Oxyrhynchus papyri, xn 846
Oyama, Marquis, Japanese field-marshal,
defeats Chinese, xn 511 ; 589 ; and battle
of Liaoyang, 591 sq. ; 593 ; 596 sq. ; at
battle of Mukden, 598; 601
Oyse, Francois Ignace de, French engineer
officer, vni 422 sq.
Oysonville, Baron de, at Breisach, iv 382
Ozanam, Antoine-Frederic, French writer,
and religious revival, x 500; xii 847
Ozarowsky, Polish envoy to Paris, vi 197
Ozeroff, Ladislas, Russian poet, vi 830; 832
Ozora, Austrians surrender at, xi 185
Paardeberg, surrender of, xii 642
Paardekraal, Boer rebellion at, xn 637
Pablo de Segovia, rn 547
Pac, Count Ludvik, Polish general, x 467
Pacca, Bartolomeo, Cardinal, ix 96 ; im-
prisoned at Fenestrella, 196 ; 200 ; re-
actionary policy of, X 134-5 ; 139 sq. ;
and Fehronianism, 159 ; xi 703
Pacciotti, Italian engineer, ni 410
Pace, Dr Eichard, secretary to Wolsey, i 486
Pachacamac {or Pumacagua) , Mateo Garcia,
defeated and hanged, x 299
Pache, Jean Nicolas, French Minister for
War, vin 259 sq., 263, 412, 416, 430;
Mayor of Paris, 264, 271 sq., 274, 356,
362
Pachecho, Pedro de Montalvan, Cardinal,
n 656, 668, 670, 673
Italian engineer, m 230
Pacheco, Duarte, "the Portuguese Achilles,"
defeats the Zamorin of Calicut, i 30
Francisco, Spanish politician, xi 554 ;
Ministry of, 555 sq.; expelled from Mexico,
565
Pachobey, Turkish official, x 177
Pacific Islands, xn 631 ; the European
Powers and, 666 sqq.
Pacifico, David, Greek trader, xi 18 ; 280 sq.
Pack, Otto von. Landgrave Philip of Hesse
and, n 201 sq.
Packe, Sir Christopher, rv 443
Padavino, Giovanni Battista, and the Valtel-
line, IV 35, 38, 42 sq.; 45 sq.
Paderborn, see of, restored to Catholic
tenure, m 709 ; Christian of Halberstadt
in, IV 79 ; Friedrich von Spee at, v 768 ;
bishopric of, ceded to Prussia, ix 78
Padilla, Cristbbal de, Spanish Reformer,
n 407
Juan de, leader of rebel Comuneros^
I 372-5
Juan de, report of, on the Lidians in
Peru, V 683
Martin de, Admiral of Castile, m
529-32
Padre Cobos, El, Spanish journal, xi 561
Padua, acquired by Venice (1402) , i 266 ;
siege of, by Maximilian I (1509), 133, 246;
Botanical garden at, m 394, v 734 ; the
Injiammati of, ni 470 ; captured by
Austrians, xi 87 ; 152
Paducah (Kentucky), Grant occupies, vn
463, 494
Paez, Antonio, Governor of Venezuela, x
293 sq.; 296; and Bolivar, 297; 298
Pedro, Portuguese Jesuit, xn 805
Pagan, Burmese defeated at, xi 728
Pagano, Mario, vm 777, 779
Paget, Sir Augustus Berkeley, British
Minister at Copenhagen, xi 337
Sir Henry William. See Anglesey
Sir William Paget, 1st Baron, n
474 sq., 493 sqq.; sequestered, 505 sq.;
516 ; and Spanish marriage, 525 ; 531,
543
William Paget, 7th Baron, v 371
Pagnani, Santi, Latin translation of Bible
by, n 383
Pagnerre, Laurent- Antoine, French politi-
cian, XI 26; 100; 108; 118
Pago Pago, coaling station at, xn 666
Pahang, sultanate of, xn 532 sq.
Pahlen, Count Peter, ix 49-50
Count, Eussian Minister, xn 300;
309
Paine, Thomas, vi 477 ; Rights of Man,
836, vni 758 sqq.; Common Sense, vn
173, 207; vm 762 sq., 765; circulation
of Rights of Man, ix 673 ; x 704
Painting. See Art
Pais, Ettore, Italian historian, xn 842
Paisios, Patriarch of Jerusalem. See Jeru-
salem
Paisley, pauperism in, xi 2
Pakenham, Sir Edward Michael, General,
at Salamanca, vn 345 sq.; at New Or-
leans, IX 473
Pakhoi, opened to foreign trade, xn 502
Paklat, factory at, xn 534
Palacky, Frantisek, Bohemian historian,
XI 46 ; 173 ; at Slav Congress, 177 ; 191 ;
216 ; writings of, 653, 655 sq.; xn 842 sq.
Paladines, Louis-J.-B. d'Aurelle de, French
general, xi 603 sqq.; 608
Palafox y Melzi, Joseph, Saragossa defended
by, IX 438 sq.; 442; withdraws defeated
to Saragossa, 447
Palaiologos, Andrew, v 488
Thomas, v 482
Zoe (Sophia). See Sophia, Tsaritsa
General Index,
509
i
Palais-Royal, and the Revolution, vm 161,
163
Palamos, captured by French (1694), v 61
Palatinate, The, in 568; Spinola sent to,
569 ; feeling of House of Commons to-
wards, 572-3; danger of, in 1621 and
following years, 573 sqq. ; Calvinism in,
710 ; Upper, Lutheran agitation in, 713 ;
Upper, Christian of Anhalt governor of,
717 ; and Protestant hegemony, iv 2, 5 ;
34; and War of 1620-3, 64-84; 86-91,
95 ; army of Bernard of Weimar in, 247 ;
251; Peace of Prague and, 253; 642;
Charles I and, 643, 646 ; Upper, 66 ; 69 ;
78; 82 sq.; Maximilian to keep, 409;
Lower, and Don Carlos, 69; 81 sqq.;
assigned to Elector Palatine Charles Lewis,
409; desolation of, 418; 641; French in
(1674), V 44, (1688), 56 sq.; 418,453; 63;
414 ; persecution of Calvinists in, 664 ;
672; 743; Upper, allied armies in (1742),
VI 235; X 361; Bavarian, 346, 375, xi
221; 218
Palatinate, The: —
Counts JPalatine of Birkenfeld {not Elec-
tors). See Birkenfeld
Counts Palatine o/Neuburg {not Electors).
See Neuburg
Counts Palatine of Zweibriicken {not
Electors). See Zweibriicken ; see also
Sulzbach
Palatinate, The: —
Electors Palatine: —
Charles Lewis, imprisonment of,
IV 148 ; and Heilbronn Alliance, 226 ;
attempts to recover Palatinate, 378, 381;
obtains Lower Palatinate, 409 ; 418 ; and
Imperial succession, 430; v 648; 755;
VI 5
Charles Philip, vi 202 sq.; 231
Charles Theodore, vi 240 ; 246 ; 631
Frederick I the Victorious, i 296, 311
Frederick II, Danish marriage and
clahns of, n 229, 245, 250, 619 ; submits
to Charles V, 258, 262; and Interim,
264
Frederick in, n 595 ; in 164-5, 163-4,
172 sqq., 189, 210, 241 ; death of, 703
Frederick IV, m 687-8, 708 sqq. ;
death of (1610), 734, iv 2
Frederick V, James I and, m 559 ; 668
sq.; guardian of, 734 ; King of Bohemia,
IV 3 ; 6 ; deserted by Union, 12 ; opposes
succession of Ferdinand, 17; 24; 28;
elected King of Bohemia, 29 sq.; 32; and
James I, 33 sq.; and War in Bohemia
and the Palatinate (1620-3), 64-84 ; Gus-
tavus Adolphus and, 90 ; 95 ; 206 ; demand
for restoration of, 215; death of, 224;
414 ; Philip IV and, 640 ; Charles I and,
643; 779
John William (Duke of Neuburg),
V 381; and Grand Alliance, 403; 435;
438; 448; and Peace of Utrecht, 460;
660; 664
C. M. H.
Electors Palatine {contd.): —
Lewis V,n 40; 155; 203; 220; 238;
ml54; 703; 708; 710
Otto Henry, n 244 ; 256 ; m 154
Philip, I 311 ; acquires the Junge
Pfalz, 315 sq.
Philip WilUam (Duke of Neuburg),
IV 426 ; Rheinbund signed by, 431 ; v 33 ;
41 ; 43 ; and Polish Crown, 350, 354; 645
Palatine Princes, etc. : —
Anne di Gonzaga, Princess, and the
Fronde, iv 610, 613 sqq.
Christopher, Count, in 22 sq.; de*
feat and death of, 239, 703
Dorothea, Electress, daughter of
Christian H of Denmark, n 245, 251
Elizabeth, Princess, and Descartes,
IV 779, 785 sq.; 787; v 640; 765 sq.;
VI 6
. Lewis Philip, Prince, iv 226; 247
Louisa Juliana, Electress, wife of
Frederick IV, in 713 ; iv 29 ; Gustavus
Adolphus and, 203 ; v 628
Maria Anna Louisa, Electress, wife
of John William, vi 138
Maurice, Prince (son of Frederick VJ,
IV 304; in Dorset, 313; 321; 335; in
the Mediterranean, 465
Count Philip of (brother of Elector
Otto Henry), n 221
Rupert, Count, the Landshut suc-
cession and, I 315
Rupert, Prince (son of Frederick V).
See Rupert
Pale, The English, m 580, 609-11
Paleario, Aonio, Italian Reformer, n 395 sq.;
m 457, 465
Palen, Constantine, and Emancipation of
Serfs, XI 615
Paleocapa, Pietro, Venetian Liberal leader,
XI 76
Paleologus, Constantine XII, last Emperor
of the East, i 103
Demetrius, tyrant of the Morea, i
74
John VI, Emperor of the East, the
Venetians and, i 258
Manuel II, Emperor of the East, i
541
Thomas, tyrant of the Morea, i 74.
Palermo, the Dutch defeated at (1676), v
162 ; captured by Spain, vi 32 ; 124 sq.;
153 ; Jacobin plot in, vm 556 ; flight of
the King and Queen of Naples to (1798) ,
652, (1805), IX 263; pohtical interests
of, 381; British threaten (1812), 384;
insurrection at, xi 77, 80 ; 92 ; Garibaldi
at, 388, 533, xn 217 ; xi 541
Palestine, archaeological work in, xn 774
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi de, the Missa
di Papa Marcello, n 686
Palestro, battle at, xi 383
Paley, William, theologian, vi 88; Moral
and Political Philosophy ^ vm 763;
Evidences of Christianity, xn 775
82
610
General Index,
Palffy von Erdoed, Count Aloys, Governor
of Venice, xi 82
Palfrey, John Gorham, historian, xn 841
Pal grave, Sir Francis, historian, xn 836
Palikao, Charles-G.-M.-A.-A. Cousin-Mont-
auban. Count de, xi 473; 588; and the
war with Germany, 595 sqq.; flight of,
600
Palissy, Bernard, n 292 ; v 738
Palizzolo, Sicilian criminal, xn 239
Palladio, Andrea, his Caesar, in 471
Palladius. See Sjeelland, Bishop of
Pallavicini della Priola, Emilio, Marquis,
Italian general, xi 534
Pallavicino, Giambattista, Lutheran, n
380 sq.
Giorgio, x 119 ; and Italian unity,
XI 375
Cardinal Pietro Sforza, and Julius II,
n 9 ; and Leo X, 10
Palliser, Sir Hugh, Admiral, vi 451
Palm, Johannes Henricus van der, Dutch
writer, xi 676
Johann Philipp P., Niirnberg book-
seller, murder of, ix 272; 326
Palma, autos de fe at, v 375 ; Gulf of.
Nelson at, ix 220
Estrada, President of Cuba, xn 697
Jacopo, Venetian painter, i 284
[alias Bando), Spanish brigand, xn
259
Palmairas, on San Francisco river, v 677
Palmella, Pedro de Souza Holstein, Duke
of, Portuguese statesman, at Congress
of Vienna, ix 584 ; x 317 ; in London,
322 sqq., 326 ; at Terceira, 324 ; in the
Azores, 327 ; missions of, to London,
330; 331 sq.; at Faro, 333; 335; Minister
of Maria II, 338 ; xi 572
Palmer, gold discovered at, xn 619
Sir Henry, in 309
Boger, Earl of Castlemaine. See
Castlemaine
Sir Thomas, accuses Somerset, n
505 ; execution of, 520
. Thomas Fysche, Anglican clergyman
in Dundee, vni 770
• William, and the Nizam of Haidara-
bad, XI 727
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd
Viscount, VII 391 ; x 156 ; and Greek
Question, 204 ; 232 ; 234 ; and Portuguese
affairs, 326, 330; and Polish revolu-
tion, 474; and Belgian Question, 484,
606, 543 sq.; and France, 495; 505;
and Mehemet Ali, 511 ; and rivalry
with Russia in Central Asia, 556; and
Turko-Egyptian Question, 551, 555, 557,
661 sqq., 566 sqq.; 593; and parlia-
mentary reform, 603 ; 614 ; and Catholic
emancipation, 642 ; 666 ; 675 ; Eastern
policy of, 679 ; xi 2 ; 10 ; Foreign Secre-
tary, 14 ; foreign policy of, 16 sqq. ; dis-
missal of, 18 ; 21 ; Thiers and, 36 ; 37 sq.;
77 ; and Austrian policy in Italy, 92 ;
106; and Hungary, 209; and Switzer-
land, 250, 262; and the Don Pacifico
incident, 281; and Napoleon III, 307;
310; and the causes of Crimean War,
315 sq.; succeeds Lord Aberdeen, 320;
and Crimean War, 321 sqq. ; 325 ; and
Divorce Bill, 326 sq. ; defeat of, 328;
329; returns to office (1859), 331 ; Italian
policy of, 331 sq.; and France, 333; and
Gladstone's financial scheme, 334 sq.;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 224 sq., 337 sq.;
879 ; Schwarzenberg and, 393 ; 470 ; 529 ;
and Spanish marriages, 38 sq., 664 sq.;
and Spain, 656 sq. ; and Persia, 633 ; and
Suez Canal, 638, xn 430, 433; and
Black Sea, xi 639 ; and China, 805, 807
sq., 814 sq.; death of, 338 sq. ; xn 31
Palmier, Pierre. See Vienne, Archbishops
of
Palmieri, Matteo, Italian Renaissance
scholar, i 596
Palmstruch, Livonian banker, iv 678
Palo Alto, battle of (1846), vn 395
Paludan-Miiller, Frederick, Danish poet,
XI 699 ; 701
Palz, John von, professor of theology,
n 114
Pamfili, Giovanni Battista. See Innocent X
Pamiers, Etienne Francois de Caulet, Bishop
of, v 84 sq.
Pamirs, The, frontier settlement in, xn 52 ;
343 ; Russian aggression in, 482 ; 483 ;
485 ; 793 ; exploration in, 800 sqq.
Pampeluna (Pamplona), surrender of, to
Spain (1512), i 366; French in (1808),
IX 430 ; stores of, 435 ; Palafox and, 442 ;
French retreat to, 478; captured by
Wellington (1813), 480; 016zaga arrested
at, XI 555
Pamplona. See Pampeluna
Panama, attack on (1671), v 691 ; and Peru,
X 248 sq.; trade with, 255; burnt by
Morgan (1670), 272; smuggling in, 273;
XII 685 ; and Clayton-Bulwer Treaty,
686 ; Colombia and, 698 ; independence
of, 699 ; United States and, 699 sq.
Canal, xii 698 sq.
Isthmus of, in 322, vn 433, 438, 637
Pancarte, established and abolished, m
694
Pancemont, A. F. X. Mayneaud de. See
Vannes, Bishop of
Panchamal, acquisition of, by Portuguese,
IX 718
Pandolfini, Angelo, and Savonarola, i 147
Panin, Count Nikita Ivanovich, Russian
statesman, vi 662 sq. ; Foreign Minister,
668 sq. ; 678 sq.; 682; and Nakds of
Catharine II, 686; 697; and Poland,
730; 732; 753; 765; and Swedish cmip
d'etat, 772; vin 309 sq. ; ix 40; 43, 49-50
■ Count Peter, Russian general, vi
673; 697
Panipat, vi 509; Marathas defeated at, 524,
568, XI 725
G-eneral Index.
511
Panis, Etienne-Jean, member of Commune,
vra225; 234, 247
Panitsa, Major, court-martial on, xn 410
Panizzi, Antonio, xi 380
Panjab. See Punjab
Panmure, James Maule, 4th Earl of, vi 98 ;
103
Panshino, Eussian army at, v 521
Panslavism, origin of, xi 653 sqq.; 656;
Eussia and, 274, 633 sq. ; Balkans and,
284-5; 638-9
Pantaleoni, Diomede, negotiates with
Cavour, xi 392
Pantano, Odoardo, Italian politician, xn
221 sq. ; 228
Panvinio, Onofrio, work of, on Basilicas,
1 610
Panzani, Gregorio, in England, iv 280 ; 287
Paoli, Pasquale de', Corsican general, vi
350; 439; 609 sq.; vm 352, 660
Paoting Fu, xn 509; outrages near, 518
Papacy, The, and the Papal State. See
Eome, Ecclesiastical State of, and also
individual Popes
Paparrigopoulo, Konstantino, Greek histo-
rian, XII 842
Papillon, Thomas, and East India Com-
pany, V 700
Papineau, Louis Joseph, and French Cana-
dian party, x 693 ; xi 768 ; 775 ; xii 604
Papino, Fra Girolamo, Inquisitor, ii 387
Pappenheim, taken by Horn, iv 229
Count Godfrey Henry zu. Bavarian
general, iv 76; takes Wolf enbiittel, 102;
196; at Magdeburg, 201 sqq.; 204; at
Breitenfeld, 205; at Leipzig, 219; 220
sq.; death of, at Liitzen, 221; 696
Para, commercial monopoly in, v 678 ; 679 ;
seat of Government at, vi 390
Parabosco, Girolamo, Italian novelist, iii468
Paracelsus, P. A. T. Bombast von Hohen-
heim, v 730
Parachin, Prince Milan at, xii 386
Paradol, Provost, French writer, xi 526
Paraguay, Jesuits in, vi 364, 372, 386, 593 ;
administration of, x 249; Indians in,
268 ; missions of, 269 ; independence of,
286; despotism in (1810), 297; xii 674;
Argentina and, 680; 684; 690
Paraiba Company, vi 385
Parana, capital of Argentine Confederation,
xn683
river, Indians of, v 683; Anglo-
French squadron in, xn 681; 682
Paravicini, Giovanni Maria, iv 48 sq.
Paray-le-Monial, pilgrimages to, xn 114
Pardo, The, Convention of, vi 67 sq., 147;
Francisco de Asis at, xi 556
Par6, Ambrose, in 19,
Jules Francois, Minister of the
Interior, viii 348
Parenti, Piero, historian, i 169, 183, 187
Parentucelli, Tommaso. See Nicholas V,
Pope
Pares, Bernard, Eussia and Eeform, xi 625
Parga, surrendered to Ali of Janina (1814),
X 176; placed under British protection,
ib. ; restored to Ali Pasha (1817), 177
Parieu, Marie-L.-P.-F. Esquirou de, French
Minister of Public Instruction, xi 129
sq.
Parini, Giuseppe, Italian poet, viii 778 sqq.;
XI 549
Paris, University of, resists Papacy, i 635
sq., 667; placards of, n 286; Edict of
(1543), 288; Protestant Church organised
at (1555), 293; first Synod at (1559),
295; entered by Guise (1562), ni 1;
assault upon, by Coligny and Cond6, 4;
Massacre of St Bartholomew at (1572),
19; disorder in, 27; return of King
Charles IX to, 29; clergy of, preach a
"boycott" of the Huguenots, 30; in-
trigues of the League in, 39; government
of the "Sixteen" in, 42; Guise master
of, 43-4; receives news of murder of
Guise, 46; invested by army of Henry
III (1589), 47; besieged by Henry IV,
relieved by Duke of Parma, 49, 659
sqq.; the "Sixteen" in control of, 50;
Jesuit conference in, 288 ; revolt of, 452 ;
Catholics in, 510-1; deposes Henry III,
511 ; Perez in, 516 ; murder of Henry
IV in, 690 ; sanitation of, 693 ; meeting
of States General at (1614), iv 120;
assembly of French clergy at, 143;
Buckingham at, 131; alliance with the
United Provinces concluded at (1635),
144; 147; Loffler at, 247; 251; 368;
Bernard at, 369; 371 sq. ; 375; Erlach
at, 376, 379; 381; in revolt, 699; 602;
604 sqq. ; 609 sq. ; and the Court (1649),
611 sqq. ; Cond6 leaves, 614 sq. ; fight in,
617; return of Mazarin to (Feb. 1653),
618 ; 621 ; march of the Cardinal Infante
to, 698; 718; 727; disorders in, v 16;
740 sq.; Peter the Great in, vi 28; 97;
the Young Pretender in, 110; 111; 121;
growth of, 133; disturbances in, 144;
famine in, 162; 169; Law's System in,
175; 308; 315; Count Kaunitz at, 335;
338; Family Compact signed at, 344;
military school at, 349; 368 sq.; 783;
population of, vni 60; disorder in (1787),
106, (1789], 123; elections in (1789),
130 sqq. ; becomes focus of the Eevolu-
tion, 160 sq. ; outbreak of Ee volution in
(July), 163 sqq.; (October 5 and 6), 184
8q.',fedires in (1790), 191; the Church
in, 196; affairs in (1792), 225 sq., 233;
monarchical feeling in, 238; the Septem-
ber massacres in, 242 ; National Conven-
tion in. Chap, ix passim; the Terror in,
Chap, xn passim ; condition of, after the
Terror, 378 sq., 382; the Allies and, 429,
431 sq., 434; royalists in, ix 16; concen-
tration of government at, 33; Baron
Eeuterholm in, 37; German Princes at
(1802), 93; Helvetian Club formed at,
95; improvements in, 120; theatres in,
32—2
512
General Index,
129 ; republican plot in, 137 ; unemployed
in, 143; fraudulent bankruptcy in, 177;
Spina in, 181 ; Napoleon's coronation in
(1805), 191 ; Pope Pius VII in, 192 ; Papal
Legate leaves, 195; chancery of Arch-
bishop of, 197; Congregation of, 197;
action of Chapter of, 198 ; financial crisis
in, 258; Turkish ambassador at, 386;
397; archives of, 411; censor at, 417;
criticism in, 419; representatives from
colonial chambers in, 422; intrigues at,
445; 447; capitulation of (1814), 482;
entry of Napoleon into (1812), 508;
Prussian envoy sent to, 612; Napoleon
leaves, 516; the Allies and, 549 sqq.;
Louis XVm and, 562; Charter of (1814),
663 ; art galleries of, 564 ; Imperial guard
removed from, 567; discontent in, 569,
671-2; flight of Louis XVIU from, 575;
federes of, 619; Allies advance on (1815),
643-4; artistic spoils of, 666; disturb-
ances in (1822), X 76, (1830), 99-100;
Cardinal Consalvi at, 133 sq., 140; Car-
dinal della Genga at, 139; revolution
of 1830 in, 475 sqq. ; riots (1831) in, 484;
insurrections in (1832), 488, (1834), 492;
and development of agriculture, 730;
mechanical industry in, 744 ; the Bourse
of, 748; retail trade in, 759; events in,
during the Eepublic, 1848-52, Vol. xi.
Chap. V passim ; 31 ; 290 ; banks in, 298 ;
300; improvements in, 302 sq. ; 333;
371; King Victor Emmanuel in, 373;
the defence of, 497 sqq. ; political de-
monstration in, 485; 488; Commune
in, 502 sqq.; 578; 580; and War with
Germany, 594 sqq.; investment of, 600
sqq.; bombardment of, 608; the last
sortie from, 611; 851; xii 12; Irish
Eepublican Brotherhood in, 75; Com-
mune in, 91; 93; 95; fortresses of,
96; Universal Exhibition at, 101; 103;
106 sq.; Collectivist meetings at, 125;
126; King Alfonso XII in, 264; Eussian
Liberators in, 347; Armenian meetings
in, 416 ; Dogger Bank arbitration at, 594 ;
Venezuelan Boundary Commission at,
688 ; Behring Sea arbitration at, 721 ;
municipal expenditure of, 734 ; University
of, XI 67, 297, xn 762 ; 792 ; 822 ; 832
Paris, Parlement of, Constitution of, i 401
sq.; (1521), proclamation of, n 283;
the Protestants and (1542), 288; (1555),
refuses to set up the Inquisition, 294;
objects to persecution (1559), 296; de-
clares Huguenots rebels, rn 2 ; demands
modification of Edict of Amboise, 6;
censures Trent Decrees, 7; 662 sqq., 672;
action of, in 1614-5, iv 120 sq. ; 139; on
death of Louis XIII, 593 ; and government
of Mazarin, the Fronde, etc., 604 sqq. ;
V 3; VI 146; in 18fch century, 347 sq. ;
356; vra 47, 66, 73; opposition of, to
Turgot, 87; to Crown, 106 sqq., Ill,
115; 745
Paris, Treaties of (1623), iv 67; (Franco-
Swedish, 1634), 248 sqq.; (1657), 619;
(1778), VI 449; (1787), vm 323; (1806),
IX 265 sq.; (1810), 323; (1814), ix 658, x
9, 519; (1856), xi 276, 808, 323 sqq., 577,
611, 614, 633 sqq., 639, 643, 647, 745,
xn 28, 298, 382, 388, 392 ; Preliminaries
of (1727), VI 146 sq.; Peace of (1763), v
443, VI 346 sq., 349, 422 sq., 428, 430,
vn 70 ; and French colonial possessions,
VI 549, 561, vn 113, 143, x 685; First
Peace of (1814), ix 576 sq., 688, 591, 604,
614, 618, 647, 653, 664 sq.; Second
Peace of (1815), 653, 665, 669, vn 366, x
11, 16 sq., 48, 524; Convention of (1808),
IX 318, (1815), X 177; Congress of (1856),
XI 306, 374, 380, xn 143 ; Conference at
(1858), XI 306, 633, 649; (1869), 634, 636;
Declaration of (1856), xii 16; 18; 715
Paris, Archbishops of: —
Christophe de Beaumont, vi 347;
691
Denis-Auguste Affre, xi 113
Georges Darboy, xi 505; 719; 721
Jean-Baptiste-tfoseph Gobel, vin 158,
359
Jean-S. Maury, Cardinal. See Maury
Louis- Antoine de Noailles, v 89 sq.
Paris, Louis - Philippe - Albert d'Orleans,
Comte de, xi 101 sq.; xn 92; 103; and
Comte de Chambord, 107 sq.; 112; 271
Frangois de, deacon, vin 9
Matthew, evidence of, as to Greek
studies, I 537
George van, execution of, n 501
PMs brothers, French financiers, vi 174
Parisio, legate appointed to open Council
of Trent, ii 661
Park, Mungo, African explorer, vi 188;
xn 806 sqq. ; 811
Parkany, defeat of the Poles at (1683), v
363
Parke, John G., American general, vn 538
Parker, Sir Hyde, British admiral, vi 452 ;
IX 48 sqq.
• Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury,
consecrated, n 571, 576, 597
■ Sir Peter, Admiral, vin 477
Eichard, leader of the Nore mutiny,
vni 454, 479 sq.
■ Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, Descartes
and, IV 791 ; and Nonconformists, v 331 ;
VI 806
Theodore, American clergyman, vn
744
Parkes, Sir Harry Smith, in China, xi 815
sq. ; 819; in Japan, 853, xn 543 sq.
Sir Henry, and New South Wales,
xn 626; 631
Parkman, Francis, American historian, vn
100, 745; xn 841
Parlamento, the Florentine, and reforming
work of Savonarola, 1 155 sqq.
Parlement of Paris. See Paris, Parlement
ol
General Index,
613
Parlemmts, French provincial, v 1 sqq., 74;
vm 47, 65; reinstated (1774), 82, 86 sq.;
and com tax, 85; 100, 104 sq. ; contest
between Crown and (1787), 106 sqq., Ill,
115; unpopularity of, 116, 139; end of,
167, 177; 711
Parliament of Great Britain. See England
Parliamentary Reform, English, and Place-
Bills, V 273; projects of (1766-83), vi
455 sq., 458 sq., 465; motion for, by
Marquis of Blandford, x 593 ; Lord Grey
and, 594; general movement for, 594 sqq.;
passage of Bill (1832), 616; its results,
616 sqq. ; organisation and first action
of Eeform League, xi 340 sqq. ; Reform
Bill of 1867, i6., 345 sq. ; extension of
County franchise (1884), xn 41 sq. ;
Irish, in 1782-3, vi 458 sq., 501 sq., 505,
see also Ireland, Home Rule
Parma, acquired by French (1499), i 121;
annexed by Julius II (1512), 251 ; acquired
by the Papacy (1521), n 44; given to
Pierluigi Famese, 80; disputed between
Paul III and Charles V, 83-6; War of
(1642-4), IV 600; Prince Eugene in, v
403; VI 29; 60; Elisabeth Famese and,
122; 126; claims to, 138; 139; Don
Carlos succeeds to, 149 sqq.; 152; War
in, 153 sq. ; 155 sq. ; 159 ; taken by Spain,
160; Don Philip and, 167, 239, 249 sq.,
608; Treaty of Seville and, 202; taken
by Duke Francis III of Modena, 243;
245 ; relinquished by Maria Theresa, 246 ;
366; the Papacy and, 687, 594; 600;
French annexation of (1808), ix 141, 247,
398; creation of duchies in, 268; Austria
assumes administration of, 647; 652;
assigned to Empress Marie-Louise (1814),
559, 660, X 105 sqq.; Marie-Louise flies
from (1830), 120; Papal territory de-
manded for, 132; revolution in, 155;
and Infanta Marie-Louise, 212; under
Empress Marie-Louise, xi 69 sq.; 75;
union of, with Piedmont, 83, 386 ; 84 ; 88 ;
381; 468; xn 226; socialism m, 232
Parma, Dukes of: —
Alexander Famese (Prince of, after-
wards Duke), marriage of (1565), m 200;
Commander in Netherlands (1578-92),
249 sqq., 289, 503 sq., 618, 620 sqq.;
and EngUsh succession, 358; 385; 423;
450; and invasion of England, 504 sq. ;
attacks Aachen, 705, Neuss, 712, 450; in-
vades France (1590), 49 sqq.; at Rouen,
517; death of (1592), 51, 517
Antonio Famese, vi 138; 147; 149
Charles. See Charles HE, King of
Spain
Ferdinand (of Bourbon), vi 593 sq. ;
vm 79, 555, 570; death of (Oct. 1802),
IX 398
Francesco Famese, vi 35 ; 38 ; 122 ;
125; and Spanish claims, 138 sq. ; 586
Louis, King of Etruria, ix 69; 87,
302. 398. 602
Parma, Dukes of (contd.): —
Odoardo I, and Spain, iv 373;
quarrel between the Barberini and, 685 ;
excommunicated, 686 sq.
Ottavio Farnese, n 72, 75, 83 sqq.,
87, 269; m 187; relations of, with
Charles V and Philip H, 476
PhUip, VI 139; 141; 158; in Italy,
159 sqq., 167; 237; and the Family
Compact, 239, 344 sq., 368; 250; at
Parma, 245 ; 339 ; 363 ; 366 ; the Franco-
Austrian alliance and, 401 ; 597 ; 608
Pierluigi Famese (son of Paul III), n
69, 72, 80, 82 ; murder of, 83, 263 ; in 187 ;
relations of, with Charles V and Philip II,
476
• Rinuccio I, a vassal of Spain, iv 666 ;
and Clement VIII, 668
Parma, Henrietta (of Modena) , Duchess of,
wife of Antonio, vi 147
Louisa Elisabeth (or Marie-Louise),
Duchess of (daughter of Louis XV),
wife of Infant Philip, vi 158
Margaret, Duchess of (daughter of
Charles V), marriage of, to Alessandro de'
Medici, n 25; marriage of, to Ottavio
Farnese, 72 ; Regent of the Netherlands,
678 sq. ; 582, m 187 sq. ; account of her
rule, 191-217 passim; quits the Nether-
lands, 217; 228; 234; 265; 481; 489;
death of (1586), 614
Marie-Louise (Infanta), Duchess of
(Queen of Etruria), ix 88; 398; deposed,
399; Queen Dowager, 684; 602; Lucca
assigned to, 661; provision for, x 212
Pamell, Charles Stewart, xn 36; 40 sq.;
and Lord Carnarvon, 42; 48; and the
•'Manchester martyrs," 65; 74 sqq.; in
America, 77; 78; trial of, 79; and the
Irish Land Act, 80; imprisoned, 80 sq. ;
and the Phoenix Park murders, 81 sq.;
83 sqq. ; death of, 87
Sir Henry Brooke, xi 3
Sir John, dismissed from Exchequer,
IX 703
Thomas, poet, x 697
Paros, surrendered by Venice to Turks, ni
116
Parpaglia, Vincent, appointed Nuncio to
Elizabeth, n 578 ; stopped by Philip, 579 ;
586 sq.
Parr, Catharine. See Catharine
Samuel, vm 763, 765
Parrasio, Gianpaolo, n 16
Parris, Robert, and the purchase of Maori
lands, XI 799
Parry, Sir William Edward, Polar expedi-
tions of, xn 814
Parsdorf, convention at (1800), ix 64
Parsons, Sir Lawrence, and the Irish rebel-
lion, IX 701 ; and the Union, 703
Robert, m 287-90, 360, 353, 528,
533
Sir William, Lord Justice, iv 521;
634
614
General Index,
Parthenay, captured by the Vendeans, vm
340
Parthenopean Eepublie, The, vra 653, 779 ;
fall of, 657. See also Naples
Particelli, Michel, Sieur d'Emery, finances
and, IV 605 ; dismissal of, 606
Partition Treaties, of Poland, the First, vi
630 ; Vol. X, Chap, xx (2), 729-34, 669 sq.;
for the Second and Third, namely, The
extinction of Poland, Vol. vni, Chap, xvn,
521-52
Treaties, of the Spanish monarchy.
See Spain, especially Vol. v. Chap, xiii.
The Treaties of Partition and the Spanish
Succession
Partouneaux, Louis, Comte, surrender of,
IX 503
Party-government, in England, "Peti-
tioners " and " Abhorrers ' ' (1679) , v 226 ;
under Queen Anne, Chap, xv, 460-76;
under Walpole, vi 70 sq. ; under William
III and Anne, 815 sqq. See also Eng-
land, etc.
Paruta, Paolo, historian, in 114, 457
Pas de Calais, coal mining in, xii 100
Pascal, Blaise, n 711; vin 4; life and
work of, IV 794 sq. ; Lettres Provinciales,
795, X 134; Pensees, iv 796; 798; and
Montaigne, v 64 sq.; 73; 84 sq. ; and
mathematical science, 710, 712; 715;
744; 748; x 154; 159; 166; xi 526
Pascendi Dominici Gregis, Encyclical of
Pius X, xn 230
Paschal, Charles, French envoy to the
Grisons, rv 43 sqq.
Pascual, Mateo, Professor of Theology at
Alcala, II 401
Pashek, John, of Wrat, Bohemian poli-
tician, I 338
Pasini, Valentino, xi 76; and the defence
of Venice, 95
Paski^vich, Ivan Feodorovich, Eussian
marshal, x 472 sq. ; Viceroy of Poland,
474; in Hungary, xi 210 sq. ; 213 sq.
Pasolini, Count Giuseppe, Italian states-
man, XI 72 sq. ; 81
Pasquali, Carlo. See Paschal, Charles
Pasquier, Estienne, in 63, 753-4
Etienne-Denis, Due de, ix 141 ; 144 ;
X 48; 50; Chancellor of France (1817),
61; 52; and the Doctrinaires, 54-5; 56;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 62 ; 63 ; and
the new electoral proposals, 65 ; 67 ; 68 ;
urges dissolution, 70; and intervention
abroad, 74 ; 83 ; and the re-establishment
of religious bodies, 84; opposes the "law
of sacrilege," 87; and the revolution of
1830, 478
Pasquier-Brouet, Jesuit, n 652, 654, 656
Passagio, plundered by Venetians, i 80
Passaglia, Carlo, Jesuit, xi 392; 531; 715
Passano, Giovanni Joachino, Seigneur de
Vaulx, in England, n 423 sqq., 427
Passarowitz, Peace of, vi 32; 125; 203;
308; 687; and Venice, 605
Passau, Conference at (1552), n 272 ; Treaty
of (1552), 273, 672, m 141, 718, 724, iv
108, 410; Leopold I at, v 360; taken by
Elector of Bavaria, vi 231 ; 236
Archduke Leopold, Bishop of, in
642, 702
Passerat, Jean, m 69
Passeyer, home of Andreas Hofer, ix 355
Passive obedience, doctrine of, in 752 sqq.
Passos, Manuel, Portuguese statesman, x
338
Passy, Francois, French deputy, xi 98
Hippolyte-Philibert, x 493; 495;
and Algiers, 603; 611; French Finance
Minister, xi 118
Pasteur, Louis, xn 779 sqq.
Paston Letters, The, i 492
Pastor, Ludwig, German historian, xn
847 sq.
Pastor Aeternus, the Bull (1516), n 31
Pastoret, Claude-E.-J.-P., Marquis de, vm
213, 488
Pastrengo, Austrian attack on, xi 84
Pasvan Oglu, Pasha of Widdin, x 172
Patagonia, Magalhaes and the coast of, i
36; Chili and, xn 679; 692
Patarenes, The. See Bogomils
Pater, Adrian Janszoon, at Pernambuco,
IV 707 sq.
Paterno, Pedro, negotiates with Aguinaldo,
xn530
Paterson, Eliza, wife of Jerome Bonaparte,
IX 107 ; 193
James, and the Darien scheme, v
296
William, founder of the Bank of
England, v 267; 271
Patin, Gui, and Cartesianism, v 73; 86
Patino, Don Jos6 de, Spanish statesman,
VI 64 sq.; 126; 142; 145 sqq.; and
England, 151, 155; 157; 159; Elisabeth
Farnese and, 166; 382; death of, 156
Patkul, Johann Keinhold von, Swedish
statesman, v 577; 580; and Charles XI
and Augustus 11, 686; and the league
against Sweden, 686 sq. ; at Moscow,
587; 590; 592 sqq.; execution of, 595
Patna, seizure of, vi 560; 561; Court of
Appeal at, ix 711 ; opium factory at,
XII 485
Patras, taken by Doria, in 108; Turkish
defeat at (1687), v 365; Greek rising at
(1821), X 179; French occupation of, xi
277
Germanos, Archbishop of, x 179
Patrick, Simon, Bishop of Ely, v 763
Patrie, La, French newspaper, xi 123; 292
Patriot King, Bolingbroke's, vi 71
"Patriots," English party of, v 71; theories
of, and the Craftsman, 818 sq.
Patrizzi, Francesco, n 707
Patrocinio, Sor Maria de los Dolores, xi
657; 561
Patterson, Eobert, vn 464; attacks Harper's
Ferry, 466; 466
General Index,
515
Patterson, William, American politician,
Vol. VII, Chap, vni passim
Patton, Philip, Admiral, vm 453, 479
Pau, Parlement of, v 4, viii 47
Paul, St, n 712 sq.
II (Pietro Barbo), Pope, i 71, 80,
560, 624; George Podiebrad and, 655;
taxation of the Church under, 662 ; great
wealth of, 666; in 469
Ill (Alessandro Farnese), Pope, i
567, 662; n 15, 21, 23, 32 sqq., 69 sqq. ;
intrigues of, for Pierluigi Farnese, 80,
83 ; 90 ; attempts reform, 233 ; 235 ; 239 ;
denounces Diet of Speier, 249; sum-
mons Council of Trent, 249, 643, 661;
251, 255, 260; the Interim and, 265;
the Consilium de Emendanda Ecclesia
and, 379; Bull Licet ah initio of, 381;
385 ; the Portuguese Inquisition and, 414 ;
Henry VIII and, 444, 449, 474; Church
reform and, 642 sq., 644; Inquisition set
up in Rome by, 650; the Jesuits and,
653 ; the Council of Trent and, 662-70 ;
elected (1534), in 110; prepared to defend
Eome against Barbarossa, 112; included
in the Peace with Porte (1547), 120,
187; 390; and St Peter's, 442; and the
Inquisition, 446; 465; 479; and Ireland,
585, 592
IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraffa), Pope,
n 33 sq. ; reign of, 89-92; the Oratory of
Divine Love and, 379; proceeds against
reformers, 381 sq., 387; 399; and Spain,
634, 545 ; Pole and, 546 ; Elizabeth and,
564, 636, 640 ; Church reform and, 643 sq.,
648, 673; Loyola and, 652 sq., 655 sq.;
Council of Trent and, 674; the Index
Librorum Prohibitorum, 687 ; ni 6 sq. ;
animus of, against Habsburgs, 123, 145,
168, 476, 479; 186; 191; and Eliza-
beth, 263-4; 390; 425; and Inquisition,
465, 488; death of, 482; iv 683; v 118
V (Camillo Borghese), Pope, i 270,
660; III 440; and the Moriscos, 642;
684; and Spain, 686, 688; 710; and
Matthias, 721, 727; 729; and Venice,
744; and the Emperor, iv 31; 629;
Osuiia and, 632; 643; 669; quarrel of,
with Venice, 670 sq. ; and the ValtelUne
question, 672 ; death of, t&. ; 674
I, Tsar, VI 340; 658 sqq.; 662; 679;
accession of, 681; 696; 700; 743; signs
the Treaty of Exchange, 753; vm 547,
552, 583, 635, 643; policy of, 644 sqq.,
785 sq. ; ix 40 sqq. ; 47 sqq. ; 69 ; assas-
sination of (1801), 70; and Charles
Emmanuel IV King of Sardinia, 71; 181,
297 ; and Turkey, 385 ; and Asia Minor,
386; and the navy, x 417; 423
Paulding, Hiram, American admiral, vu
454
Paulet, or Poulet, Sir Amias, in 31-2,
292
adviser of Henry IV, from whom the
Paulette took its name, m 695
Paulette, The, French tax, m 695; iv 120;
and the opening of the Fronde, 605 sq.
Paulinist Order, in 75
Paulus, Nicholas, German historian, xii 847
Pierre, Dutch politician, vm 787
Pauncefote, Sir Julian, afterwards Lord,
vn 672; xn 687; 699; 723
Paunsdorf, Eeynier at, ix 539
Pauvan, Jacques, preacher of Meaux, n 284
Pauw, Adrian, Lord of Heemsteede, Dutch
representative at Miinster, rv 401, 715;
697; Grand Pensionary of Holland, v
139
Reinier, m 650 sq. ; 655
Pavani, Vicar-General of the Jesuits, x 154
Pavia, Council of (1423), i 677; the battle
of (1525), 94, n 23, 50 sq., 423 sq. ; effect
of, on Peasants' Rising, 181; effect
of, in Switzerland, 326; captured by
Lautreo (1527), 57; Treaty of (1617),
IV 124, 129; Peace between Savoy and
Spain at, 626, 631 ; seminary at, vi 637 ;
riot in (1796), vm 571; military school
at, IX 86; King Charles Albert at, xi 82;
85; riots in (1898), xn 220
Manuel, Spanish Republican general,
XII 261 sq.
Pavilion, Nicolas, Bishop of Alet. See Alet
Pavlovsk, Tsar at, ix 34; railway to, xi
266
Paxton, Charles, Surveyor and Searcher
of the Port of Boston, vn 177
Payan, Claude Francois de, Agent National,
vin 364, 371
Payer, Julius, Austrian explorer, xn 795
Payne, Lewis, attempts to assassinate
Seward, vn 546 sq.
Pays, Le, French newspaper, xi 292
Pays de Gex, persecution in, v 22, 25
Paz, Duarte de, resists the Inquisition, n
413
Pdzhukin, Russian Minister, xn314; 316;
318 sq.
Pazmany, Peter, Archbishop of Gran. See
Gran
Pazzi, conspiracy of the, i 661
Pea Ridge, Federal victory at (1862), vn
496
"Peace of the Church," The, of Clement
IX, an attempt to end Jansenist trouble,
v743
♦'Peace of Monsieur," The, in 30
Peacham, Edmond, m 565
Peachell, John, Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Cambridge, v 237 sq.
"Pearl," Turkish code of laws, i 98
Pearl of the Passion, n 107
Peary, Robert E., Polar expeditions of, xn
815
Peasants' Revolt, The German (1524-6),
origin, course, and results of, n 174 sqq. ;
demands of (1525), 180, 183 sq., 185 sq. ;
results of, 191 sq.
War, The, in the Netherlands (1492),
I 450; in Hungary (1514), 337
516
General Index.
Pe-chi-li, Gulf of, xn 792
Pechlin, Baron Carl Fredrik, Swedish
statesman, vi 763 sq.; 768; 781
Peckham, Sir Edmund, n 644
Sir Henry, plots against Mary, n
544
Pecquet, Jean, anatomist, v 727
Pecquigny, defences of, ni 672
P6cs, Georga Szakmary, Bishop of, i 336
P^czeli, Joseph, Hungarian poet, xi 422
Peddie, Major, on the Nunez river, xn 807
Pedersen, Christian, translator of New
Testament into Danish, n 610
Pedersson, Gebel. See Bergen, Bishop of
Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (Pedro IV of
Portugal), Prince Eoyal, x 313; Eegent
in Brazil, 313 sqq. ; declared Emperor,
316 ; character and policy of, 317 sqq. ;
and the settlement with Portugal, ^9 sq.;
and Portuguese succession, 320; 321;
and Great Britain, 323 ; 324 ; abdication
of (1831), 325; in England and France,
326; in the Azores, 327; lands in
Portugal, 328; besieged in Oporto,
329 sqq.; at Lisbon, 334 sqq. ; and sur-
render of Dom Miguel, 336 ; death of, 337
■ II, Emperor of Brazil, x 325; xn
674 sq.
II, King of Portugal, v 35
in, King Consort of Portugal, vi 388
IV, King of Portugal. See Pedro I,
Emperor of Brazil
V, King of Portugal, x 339 ; xi 573 sq.
Peel, General Jonathan, Secretary for War,
XI 341
Sir Eobert, 1st Baronet, and the
Factory Act, ix 691 ; x 584
■ Sir Eobert, 2nd Baronet, and Canada,
IX 746; X 557; reforms by, 585; 587; and
Canning, 591; 593; and Bentham, 598;
601; and Eeform Bills, 610 sq., 615;
and Catholic emancipation, 634, 642, 645,
650 sqq.; policy of, as Chief Secretary for
Ireland, 636 sq., 655; 657; supports the
Poor Law Bill, 662 ; Ministry of, 666 sqq.;
resignation of, 668; 669; and municipal
reform, 671 sq.; and Dissenters' marriages,
673 ; and Queen Victoria, 678, 681 ; 680 ;
influence of Eicardo on, 773 sq., 777;
Ministry of (1841-6), xi 1 sqq.; resigna-
tion of (1846), 11; 15 sqq. ; 19; death
of, 20 ; and political parties, ih. ; 309 sq.;
320 ; and Colonial dues, 762 ; xii 68 ; 71 ;
and Free Trade, 743 ; 760
Sir Eobert, 3rd Baronet, Irish Secre-
tary, XI 348 ; 529
Sir William, naval captain, at Luck-
now, XI 748
Peele, George, the tragedy of Edward I,
m 375
Peereboom, J. van den. See Van den
Peereboom
Pegram, John, Confederate general, vn 457
Pegu, British annexation of, xi 742, xn 479
Pehtang, American envoy at, xi 817 ; 818
Peiho river, xi 808; 815 sq.
Peirpoint, Francis H., Federal Governor of
Virginia, vn 455 sq.
Peitsang, engagement at, xn 520
Peitz, Danckelmann at, v 662
Peixoto, Floriano, General, Vice-President
of Brazil, xn 675
Peking, Eussian envoy to, v 544 ; mission,
X 422 sq. ; xi 753 ; European representa-
tives at, 802 ; 803 ; Convention of (1860),
812; 813; 815; 817 sq.; 823; establish-
ment of Legations at, 819; 822; foreign
representatives at, xn 501 sq., 504;
railway at, 505 sq. ; science school at,
506; 508; 517; legations besieged at,
519 sq. ; Japanese embassy to, 557 ; the
Boxer movement in, 575; 792; 796;
Central Asiatic routes to, 802 sqq.
Peking Gazette, xn 518
Pelagius H, Pope,^i 267
Pelcl, Frantisek, Cech writer, xi 654
Pelew, Germany and, xn 667
Pelham, battle between Lincoln and Shay's
"Eegulators" at, vn 313
Henry, statesman, colonial policy of,
VI 53 sq.; 71 sq. ; Ministry of, 74 sq.;
396; death of, 402
Sir William, in 597
Pelim, Miinnich banished to, vi 312
P^lissier, Aimable- Jean- Jacques. See Mala-
khoff. Due de
P^lisson, Paul, and the Huguenots, v 22
Pelletan, Eugene, French journalist, xi 487
Pellew, Admiral. See Exmouth, Viscount
Pellican, Conrad, Eeformer, n 161, 356
Pellico, Silvio, x 124; Mie Prigioni, 127;
XI 79; 547
PeUoux, Luigi, General, Italian statesman,
xn 221 sq.
Pelly, Sir Lewis, at Peshawar, xn 467
Pemba island, British protectorate over, xn
661
Pemberton, John Clifford, Confederate
general, vn 504 sq.
Pembroke, town of, taken by Cromwell, iv
349 ; French force lands in (1797), vm 475
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of, v 250
William Herbert, 1st Earl (2nd cr.),
n 475, 495, 499, 505 sq., 517, 530
Penafiel, Miguelist force repulsed at (1832),
x329
Penance, Sacrament of, n 125; considered
at Council of Trent, 672
Penang, British occupation of, xn 532
Penaranda, Count Guzman de, rv 401, 715
Peneios river, Greek frontier and, xn 398
Penjdeh, xn 42 ; 343 ; claimed by Eussia, 478
Penn, Eichard, envoy of American Con-
gress, VI 447
Sir William, Admiral, iv 468; ap-
pointed, 478 sq.; in West Indies, 481
sq.; Gibraltar and, 484; v 190
William, quaker, v 234 sq.; 237;
238; 255; 262; 336; 692; 756; vn 29,
47 sq. ; character of, 49 sqq.
General Index.
.17
Penning, agent of Cardinal Pole in England,
n519
Pennington, Sir John, Admiral, iv 258;
261; imprisoned, 646; at the battle of
the Downs, 700
Pennsylvania, trade of, vi 61 ; 447 ; settle-
ment of, V 685, VII 49 sqq. ; 53 ; political
conditions in, 54; education in, 59; 125;
and Continental Congress, 164; writs
of assistance in, 181 ; General Assembly
of (1765), 183; charter of, 198 sq.;
Constitution of, 239, 241 sq.; and An-
napolis Convention, 244; and Con-
stitutional Convention, 246 sq., 251, 253,
255, 263 sq., 275, 298 sq.; encouragement
of manufactures in, 354 sq. ; population
of, 359; 360; slavery in, 361; coal in,
375; and Tariff, 377, 381; Lee invades
(1863), 487; Confederate raid into (1864),
532; Democrats in, 631; builds Portage
railroad, 695; coal in, 704
Penny, Nicholas, Brigadier-General, in
India, xi 740
Penobscot river, American fleet destroyed
in (1779), VI 449; settlement on, vn 111,
220; British successes on (1814), 344
Penon de la Gomera, captured by Spain
(1508), I 365
de Velez, battle of (1564), m 391;
Moorish attack on (1774), vi o74
Penrith, Jacobite force at, vi 101
Penruddock, John, rising of, iv 441
Penry, John, in 343, 345
Penryn, and the franchise, x 601
Pensacola, ceded to Spain, vi 126; 377;
453 ; Spanish settlement, vn 88 ; British
force at (1814), 345; navy-yard at, taken
by the Secessionists (1860), 446; re-
captured (1862), 652
Pentagouet, French settlement at, vn 111
Pente Pegadia, battle of, xii 421
Penterriedter, Baron von, Austrian envoy
at Hanover, vi 29 sq.
Pentland rising (1666), ▼ 110, 284
Penzance, burned by Spaniards, m 321
People's Business, The^ revolutionary
journal, xn 303
Pepe, Gabriele, x 128
Gugliehno, and the Naples revolt,
X 112 ; defeated by the Austrians, 113-4 ;
and General La Fayette, 119 ; 121 ; 221 ;
XI 85; 87
Pepin, Guillaume, Dominican preacher, n
280
Peplin, convent of, v 632
Pepoli, Giovanni, m 431
Pepperell, Sir William, vn 116
Pepys, Samuel, iv 549 ; the Eestoration and,
554 sq. ; 557; v 124 sq. ; 168 sq.; secre-
tary to the Admiralty Commission, 170 sq.;
and naval administration, 172 sqq. ; 183 ;
190; 195; 248; 266
Pequods, The, Indian tribe, vn 19, 2?
Perak, sultanate of, xn 532 sq.
Perambakam, battle at (1780), ix 714
Perault, Cardinal Baimund, n 112
Perceval, Spencer, Solicitor-general, rx 681 ;
leader of the Tories, 686; 688 sq.; death
of, 690
Perche, customs of, v 13
Percier, Charles, French architect, ix 134
Percy, Henry, Lord, n 559
Hugh {afterwards 2nd Duke of
Northumberland (3rd cr.)), vn 165
Thomas, Bishop of Dromore, vi 830
sq.; X 698; 710; xi 414; 429
Perczel, Moritz, Hungarian general, xi 185 ;
203 sqq.; resumes command, 206; 213;
at Widdin, 215
Pered, Hungarians defeated at, xi 210
Pereira, commissary-general in Ireland, v
314
P^reire, Emile, French financier, xi 298
Isaac, French financier, xi 298
Perekop, lines of, vi 305 sq.; 308; 673
Per^nyi, Emericus, Hungarian noble, i 336
Baron Sigmund von, Hungarian
politician, xi 214
Peres de la Foi, suppressed, ix 190
Peretti, Camilla, m 427
Francesco, m 427
Maria, wife of Fabio Damasceni, ni
421
Perevolohna, Swedish surrender at (1709),
V 602
Pereyaslavl, Lake of, Peter the Great at,
V 520; Treaty of, vi 695
Perez, Antonio, m 113, 407, 498, 500, 514
sqq., 527
Juan, Spanish Eeformer, New Testa-
ment translated by, n 406 sq., 411
Pergola, Bartolommeo deUa. See Delia
Pergola
Perier, Casimir, x 67; opposes Vill61e's
financial scheme, 83; 88; opposes pro-
posed Press Law, 89; 120; sends French
troops to Ancona, 155 sq.; and the PoHsh
revolution, 474; and revolution of 1830,
476, 478 ; Ministry of, 485 sqq. ; foreign
poUcy of, 487 sq.; death of, 488; 489;
496; and Algiers, 502; 506
Perignon, Dominique Catharine, Marquis
de, vm 440
P^rigord, rising in (1575), m 27; peasants'
rising in (1594), 664
Perigueux, seized by the Catholics (1581),
m 37
Perivolakia, conference on the island of,
X 192
Perizonius, Jacobus, Dutch scholar, xn 817
Perm, post-road to, xn 794
Pemambuco, expedition of West Indian
Company to, iv 706 sq.; Dutch and,
750 sq., VI 389 sq.; Spanish expedition
to (1639), IV 708; 714; v 146; civil war
in (1710-1), 678; Company, vi 385; in-
surrection in (1817), X 312; Portuguese
garrison in, 316
Pemau, Erik XIV and, iv 162 ; 183 ; Charles
xn at, V 588; 590; 603
618
General Index,
Femes, Miguelist force defeated at (1834),
X 336
Pemstein, William of, Bohemian politician,
I 338
P^ronne, Treaty of (1477), i 440; siege of
(1536), n 71; granted to Cond^, ni 30;
siege of (1871), xi 610
Perote (Mexico), captured by Scott (1847),
vn 396
Perotti, Nicholas, Latin Grammar of, i
546; 558
Perovski Fort, attack on, xi 630
Perovsky, Count Basil Alexeievich, Go-
vernor-General of Orenburg, xi 273
Sophia, Bussian revolutionary, xn
307; 310 sq.
"Perpetual Edict" (1577), m 247
Perpetual Company of the Indies (French),
VI 533
League, of the Forest Cantons
(1315), II 305
Perpignan, besieged by Francis I, n 76;
Henry IV's designs upon, in 683
Olympe-Philippe Gerbet, Bishop of,
XI 469
Perraudi, Cardinal (Eaymond P^rault or
P^raud), I 311
Perrault, Charles, x 384
Perre, Paulus van der. Pensionary of
Middelburg, v 139; 141
Perr^gaux, Frangois- Alexandre-Charles de,
French general, x 504
Perrenot, Jerome, brother of Cardinal de
Granvelle, m 190
See Champagny, Chantonnay and
Granvelle
Perrinchief, Eichard, royalist divine, v 331
Perron, French officer, and the Maratha
war, IX 720 sqq.
Perrone, Ettore, Italian general, xi 93
Giovanni, theologian, xi 713
Perrot, Sir John, in 595-6, 602-4
Perry, Matthew Galbraith, American com-
modore, negotiates with Japan, vii 434,
XI 824; 827 sqq.; 834; 836; 839; xn
565
Oliver Hazard, American commodore,
vn 340
Perryville, battle at (1862), vn 507
Persia, Turks and, i 88 sq.; War of, with
Egypt (1514), 90 sq.; Turkish Campaign
in (1548), in 120; Bayazid flies to, 124;
in alliance with Spain, 541; Ferdinand's
embassy to Shah of, 118; counter-
move of, against Turkey, 120-1; Dutch
and English in, iv 743; Eussia and,
V 544 sq., VI 672, x 175; under Safevi
kings, VI 607; 508; disturbances in,
512; 524; 627; French Treaty with
(1807), IX 289; and Eussian advance
in Asia, x 203 ; 413 ; Eussian War with
(1827-8), 444; xi 274, 633; Eussian in-
trigues in, x 645; 556; attacks Herat
(1838), 658, XI 732; and Turkey, 276;
733; British War with, 745; xn 4; 34;
56; Eussia and, 343 sq., 378 sq.; 485;
relations of, with Great Britain and
Eussia, 491 sq.; 498; early travellers in,
793; exploration in, 800 sq.
Persia, Shah of, ix 289
Persian Gulf, xn 342; Lord Curzon visits,
491 sq.; 499
Persigny, Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, Due
de, XI 134 sq.; 140; 296; ambassador in
London, 328; 472 sq.; dismissed, 476
Persson, Goran, Ministry of, iv 162 sq.;
164
Perth, Knox' preaching at, m 264; con-
vention at (1569), 279; Pacification of
(1573), 286; Five Articles of, iv 487 sqq.;
march of Cromwell on, 510; taken by
the Jacobites, vi 98; Earl of Mar at,
99 sqq.; 102 sq.; Prince Charles at, 112;
115 sq.
capital of Western Australia, xi 791
titular Duke of. See Drummond
James Drummond, 4th Earl of, Lord
Chancellor of Scotland, v 290
Pertz, Georg Heinrich, German historian,
xn 823; 827
Peru, race inhabiting, i 38, 44 sq.; supplies
of silver from, 40, 618, v 682, x 250 sq.,
258, 268; conquest of, i 45 sq.; Catholic
Church in, 60 sq.; 62; v375; 681; 683;
688; 692; and European trade, 684, vi
183 ; 190 ; 351 ; rebelUon in, 381 ; Eepublic
of, VII 368; under Spanish rule, x 244 sq.,
247, 273; power of Viceroy of, 248 sq.;
trading regulations in, 255 sq. ; native
population of, 261 sqq.; French trade
with, 272, 274 ; chamber of mining in, 275 ;
royalist strength in (1811), 287, 306; 290;
invasion of, by San Martin (1820), 291
sqq.; Bolivar in, 294 sqq.; independence
of (1824), 295 sq.; 297; attitude of the
Indians in, 299; 301; and Japan, xn
554 sq.; coolie trade of, 555; 672 sq.;
Chili and, 677 sqq.; 689; progress of,
690; 692; 696; 718
Perugia, surrender of, to Julius II (1606),
1 128, 245; Cesare Borgia at, 194; Alex-
ander VI at, 232; revolt of (1540), n 75;
University founded at, ix 402; xi 384;
occupied by Italian army, 389
Peruzzi, Baldassare, n 12
Pery, Edmund Sexton Pery, Viscount, vi
494
Pesaro, restored to the Pope, ix 189
Giovanni Sforza, Lord of, husband
of Lucrezia Borgia, i 234
Admiral, in 114
Pescadores, The, xn 131; ceded to Japan,
512, 572
Pescara, Ferdinando Francesco d'AvaJos,
Marquis of, n 23 sq., 44, 48 sqq.,
52 sq.
Vittoria Colonna, Marchioness of, n
23, 33 sq., 390, 393, 398; ra 458
Pescatori, Laura, and Queen Elisabeth of
Spain, VI 122
General Index,
519
Peschiera, Prince Eugene at, v 402; fortress
of, XI 82, 85; siege of, 86; 88; 384
Pescia, Domenico da. See Domenico, Fr^
Peshawar, Persian descent on, vi 524; Dost
Mohammad in, xi 732; 734; Afghan
conference at, xn 467; 488
Pessard, Hector, French journalist, xi 303,
477
Pest, siege of (1542), ii 242; occupied by
Ferdinand's troops, in 118; Ferdinand
sends an army to, 119; seminary at, vi 637;
tumult at, XI 180; murder of Lamberg
at, 184; 188; Austrian troops in, 203;
206; 210. See also Budapest
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, Swiss writer,
vm 781; ix 325-6; schools of, at Burg-
dorf and Yverdon, 427; xi 260
Pestel, Paul, Bussian colonel, x 432 sq. ;
execution of, 443
Pet, Arthur, explorer, xn 795
Petalidi, French force at, x 201
Petau, Denys, iii 61
Peter I, the Great, Tsar, the Turks and,
V 370 ; 371 ; and Denmark, 580 sqq. ; and
Patkul, 586; and league against Sweden,
587; and Great Northern War, 588 sqq. ;
aids Augustus II of Poland, 593; seeks
mediation of the Powers, 595 sq.; and
Mazepa, 599 sq.; at Poltawa, 601 sq. ; and
second anti-Swedish league, 602 ; captures
Riga, 603; and War with Turkey, 604
sqq.; at Krossen, 607; in Holstein, 609;
conquers Finland, ib. ; and third anti-
Swedish league, 610 sq. ; and Mecklen-
burg compact, 611 sq. ; abandons Scanian
expedition, 612 ; alliance of, with Frederick
William I, ih. ; and George I, 613 ; alliance
of, with France and United Provinces
(1717), 613; and Sweden, 613 sq.; and
Peace of Nystad, 615; 477; 484; 510;
515 sq. ; proclaimed Tsar, 517; early
years of, 518 sqq.; marriage of, 520;
Azoff expeditions of, 521 sq. ; conspiracy
against, 522; embassy of, to the West,
523; and revolt of the Strieltzy, 523;
524; and Tsaritsa Eudoxia, 525; in
Amsterdam, ih. ; reforms by, 526, 528,
531 sq., 536, 545 sqq.; makes peace
with Porte, 526 sq.; and War with
Sweden, 528; religious toleration by,
629; promotes education, i6. ; abolishes
Patriarchate, 506, 530; and develop-
ment of trade, 533 sq. ; measures by,
against peculation, 534 sq. ; and his son
Alexis, 537 sqq.; proclaimed Emperor,
542; alliances of, with Sweden, France,
and England, 542 sq.; operations of, in
Asia, 544 sq.; and the succession, 547;
crowns Catharine Empress, 547 sq.;
death of, 548 ; 549 sq. ; and Peter II,
653 ; and Frederick I of Prussia, 667 ; 741 ;
and the Baltic, vi 24; and Sweden, 26,
28, 37; and George I, 27; in Paris,
28; 33 sqq.; 126; 143; and Poland, 191,
193; 200; and Prussia, 206; and the
army, 217; 298; 302; conquests of, in
Persia, 304; 305; 312 sq.; 321; 663; and
Turkey, 672; 677; 681 sq.; Catharine II
and, 691; 693 sq.; 698; 700 sq.; 741;
X 371 ; and the nobles, 429 ; and Eussian
serfdom, 436; xi 264
Peter II, Tsar (Grand Duke), v 538; 547;
649; accession of, 652; education of,
553; 554; and the Dolgorukis, 554 sq.;
death of, 555; vi 303; 311
in. Tsar, VI 252 ; and Frederick the
Great, 298 sq.; 300; accession of, 328,
346 ; and Poland, 353 ; 427 ; marriage of,
658 sq.; 660 sq.; murder of, 662 sq.; 665;
policy of, 679 sqq.; and the nobility,
685; 729; 741 sq.; ix 34; xi 267
I Karageorgevich, King of Servia, xi
648 ; XII 386 ; 407 ; 412 ; accession of, 413
Arbues, St, murdered, i 359
Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
See Leopold II, Emperor
Martyr. See Anghera, Peter Martyr of
Martyr. See Vermigli, Pietro Martire
Peter Plymley^s Letters, ix 690
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl
of, v 211; 416; 432
Peterhead, the Old Pretender lands at, vi
102
Peterhof, Peter II at, v 654; Tsarina Anne
at, VI 309
Petermann, Andreas, iv 791
Peters, Karl, African explorer, xii 160
Petersburg (Virginia) , Manufacturing Society
of, vn 354; Butler advances on (1864),
616; 620; siege of, 531, 533, 637 sqq.;
evacuation of (1866), 539
Petersen, Frederik Christian, Danish philo-
logist, XI 699
Johann Wilhelm, pietist, v 762
Johanna Eleonora, pietist, v 762
Peterwardein, taken by the Turks (1526),
I 96; Sultan Solyman at (1651), m 122;
Austrians capture (1687), v 367; 368 sqq.;
surrenders to Russia (1849), xi 213
Petherick, John, explores the Bahr-el-Gazal,
xn 811
Petiet, Claude, French statesman, vm 608 ;
IX 84
Potion de Villeneuve, J^r&me, vm 174, 186,
188; Mayor of Paris, 220, 225 sq.; and
the insurrection of June 20, 228 sqq. ;
235 sq., 242 sq.; refuses the Mayoralty
(1792), 252; suicide of, 357
Petite RSpublique Frangaise, French
journal, xn 126
Petition of Eight, iv 270 sq.
Petitioners, party of (1679), v 226. See
also Party-government
Peto, William, preaches against Henry VIH,
II 438 ; appointed legate to England, 546
Petofi, Alexander, Hungarian poet, xi 211 ;
423; 428 sqq.
Petrarca, Francesco (Petrarch), i 264, 636
sq., 638 sqq., 649; death of, 653; m
467-8, 463; xi 42S
520
General Index,
Petrashevtsy, The, Eussian socialists, xn
296
Petre, Edward, Jesuit, v 233; 235; 255
William, Lord Petre, v 220
Sir William, Secretary of State, n
480, 495, 525
Dr (Cromwell's deputy as Vicar-
General), n 445
Petri, Henricus, printer, i 617
Laurentius (Lars Petersson). See
Upsala, Archbishops of
Olaus (Olaf Petersson), Swedish
Lutheran, n 624 sq., 628, 630
Petrie, W. M. Flinders, Egyptologist, xn
845^
Petrikow. See Piotrkow
Petrobey, Chief of the Maina, x 185
Petropavlovsk fortress, Decembrists in, x
441, 443; xi 272
Petropavlovsk, Eussian battleship, sinking
of, outside Port Arthur (1904), xn 346;
581
Petrosa, Petrus, iv 175
Petrovich, Bojo, Montenegrin general, xn
386 sq.
Petrucci, Cardinal Alfonso, n 14
Pandolfo, Lord of Siena, i 193
Pe trunks vich, Eussian politician, exiled, xn
306; 322; Ship6ff and, 328 ; 333; 360
Pett, Sir Phineas, English navy commis-
sioner, V 171
Petty, Dr (Sir) William, Irish survey of,
IV 537; V 266; 303; vi 481
Petty-Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry. See Lans-
downe. Marquis of
Peucker, General Eduard von, Prussian
Minister of War, xi 166; 221
Peurbach, George, German astronomer, i
632
Peutinger, Conrad, German humanist, i
323, 325; n 29
Peynier, Comte de. Governor of San
Domingo, vm 193
Peyronnet, Charles-Ignace, Comte de, x 77;
and the Press Laws, 89 sq.; 92; 99
Peyton, Edward, Commodore, vi 535; 537
P^zenas, Damville at, m 24
Pezuela, Juan de la, x 242
Pfafenbrief, The (1370), n 311
PfaSenhofen, Charles of Lorraine defeated
at, rv 230
Pfefferkorn, Johann, attacks Eeuchlin, i
573, u 696
Pfeffinger, Dr, Saxon councillor, n 122
Pfeiffer, Heinrich, revolutionist preacher in
Miihlhausen, n 186; death of, 189
Pfeil, African explorer, xn 160
Pfinsterer, Gulielmus Groen van, Dutch
politician, xn 243
Pfintzing, Melchior, printer of Niimberg,
I 326
Pfizer, Paul, German publicist, x 376
Pfleiderer, Otto, German theologian, xn
847
Pfiug, Julius. See Naumburg, Bishop of
Pfordten, Baron Ludwig Karl Heinrich von
der, XI149; 232; 397
Pforr, Franz, painter, x 151
Pfuel, Ernst Heinrich Adolf von, Prussian
general, xi 158; 164; Ministry of, 192
Pfyffer, Edward, Mayor of Luzem, xi 244
Kasimir, Luzem statesman, xi 243
Ludwig, the Borromean
founded by, n 341
Colonel, m 9
Phalange, French journal, x 499
Phalaris, Epistles of, xn 816
Phalis, Guillaume de, French scholar, i 636
Phanariots, Greek settlers in Constanti-
nople, I 103
Pharsalos, Greeks defeated at, xn 422
Phaulkon, at Court of Siam, xn 534
Phauser, Sebastian, and Maximilian 11, ni
167-8
Ph61ippeaux, Antoine Le Picard de, French
engineer, vm 610, 612
Phelippes, decipherer, m 291
Phelips, Sir Eobert, foreign policy and, rv
261 sq. ; ParUament and, 263
Phelypeaux, Antoine, French Secretary of
State, V 5
See La Vrilliere, also Pontchartrain
Philadelphia, founding of, vn 50 ; 51 ; effect
of the Stamp Act in, 149; Continental
Congresses at, 160 sq., 166, 237; occu-
pied by Howe (1777), 213; quitted by
Clinton, 217; Constitutional Convention
at (1787), 245, 246-304, 314; 268; mer-
chants of, 311 ; chosen as seat of Govern-
ment, 316, 325; communication with,
351; banks at, 352; encouragement of
manufactures at, 353; imports of, 355;
emigration from, 359; manufactures in,
375 ; Anti-Slavery Society in, 387 ; Free-
masons of, and the Carbonari, x 213
Philaret (I), Patriarch of Moscow. See
Moscow
(11), Archbishop of Moscow. See
Moscow
Philaster, by Beaumont and Fletcher, m
381
Philip I (the Fair), Duke of Burgundy, and
King of Castile, 1 119, 126, 303, 306, 316,
318; intrigues in Spain, 362 sqq. ; 434,
446 sqq., 450 sq., 452-5, 458, 467, 473,
475 sqq.
II (Augustus), King of France, i 384
IV (the Fair), King of France, i 384,
404, 407, 411
VI (of Valois), King of France, i 405
II, King of Spain, i 46, 53, 419, 459;
n 75, 84, 89 sqq., 244; and Imperial suc-
cession, 267; and repression of heresy,
409 ; 516 ; arrives in England, 530 ; reign
of, with Mary in England, Chap, xv
passim; EHzabeth and, 535, 544, 561;
Council of Trent and, 676 sq., 677 sq. ;
ni 6-7 ; receives the news of St Bartholo-
mew, 20; formation of French Catholic
League reported to, 31; Treaty with
General Index,
521
League (1585), 37; aoid the French suc-
cession, 49-50; seeks to secure French
throne for Infanta, 52 ; attempts to pro-
cure peace from Solyman, 124 ; conmiands
relief of Malta, 125, 131-6, 138; and
Imperial succession, 145, 165-9, 175-8;
and Netherlands, Chaps, vi and vnpassim,
and 617-30; 260, 263-5, 269-71, 274, 276,
280-3, 286, 288; intrigues in England, 289-
92; the naval war with England, Chap.
IX ; suggested as successor to Elizabeth,
358, 385, 390, 395, 397, 400, 404-5, 408,
413-8, 430 ; relations of, with Sixtus V,
434-6, 448-54; Spain under. Chap, xv;
death of (1598), 525-30, 534, 636, 542,
544, 595, 597, 605-6; relations of, with
Henry IV, 659, 666 sqq., 754-5; Spanish
power at death of, iv 666; 678; Paul IV
and, 683; v 372; 516; 740; vi 152; 389;
effect of, on Belgium, x 522
Philip III, King of Spain, m 397-8, 418-21,
613; Spain under. Chap, xvi, 558-61,
608, 641-2, 665; and the Austrian suc-
cession, 699, 719, 721, 733; iv 2; 3;
represented at Linz Reichstag, 11; 14;
and the Emperor, 31; 53; Spain under
in later life. Chap, xxn passim ; death of,
635; Leo XI and, 669; and Paul V, 670;
V 376; X 269
IV, King of Spain, in 538, 576, 686;
IV 82 ; 104 sq. ; aggressive policy of,
191; Ferdinand II and, 211; Spanish
Netherlands and, 230, 698; sends am-
bassadors to Cologne, 396 ; represented at
the Congress, 401; Spain under. Chap.
XXII ; American dominions of, 703; loses
Portugal, v 34; 36; and Charles 11 of
England, 104; 372 sq.; 376; and the
succession, 377; death of, 34, 37, 109,
182; testament of, 379, 385; 675
V, King of Spain (Duke of Anjou), v
30 sq. ; accession of, 275, 393 sqq. ; 340;
392; Grand Alliance (1701) and, 398;
Emperor Leopold I and, 401; reception
of, m Spain, 404 ; in Italy, 406 ; 412 ; 416 ;
417; and the peace negotiations, 420,
422 sq. ; 427 ; position of, in Spain, 426,
428; renounces his claims on France,
434, 441; 436; and Peace of Utrecht,
440; and Treaty with Great Britain
(1713), 444 sq.; and Sicily, 445, 448;
and the Catalans, 445 sq. ; Princess
Orsini and, 447, 455; and Spanish
Netherlands, ib.; 450; 452; and Peace
of Baden, 455; 591; Vol. vi, Chaps, iv
and V passim (1714-46) ; 25 ; invades
Sardinia, 29; and the "Plan," ib.; 33
sq.; and Quadruple Alliance, 35; 38;
and Gibraltar, 39 ; and Hanover Alliance,
59; 65; and Old Pretender, 105; 110;
and Pragmatic Sanction, 202 ; 350 sq. ;
361; Clement XI and, 586; death of,
161, 249, 597; x232; 272; and Spanish
America, 279
son of Charles III of Spain, vi 366
Philip the Good of Burgundy. See Bur-
gundy, Dukes of
Landgrave. See Hesse
Pokanchet chief. See Metacam
Philip, John, missionary, xi 781
Philip (Filipo) Neri, St, m 425
Philiphaugh, Parliamentary victory of, iv
332 sq., 506
Philipoff, Terty, Eussian writer, xi 625
Philippeaux, Pierre, vni 249, 360 sq, ; trial
and execution of (1794), 363 sq.
Philippeville, fortified by Charles V, n 89,
102; ceded to France, v 33; added to the
Netherlands (1815), x 22, 524
Philippi (West Virginia), Confederates
routed at (1861), vn 456
Philippine Islands, vi 344; lost by Spain,
346; 351; 427; United States and,
vn 679, 681 sqq.; cession of (1898),
684 sqq. ; 750; nominally controlled by
Viceroy of New Spain, x 248; missions
in, 255; affairs in (1520-1905), xn 528
sqq.; AJnerican rule in, 5; 12; lost by
Spain, 266; 666 sq.; 670; acquired by
the United States, 697
Philippopolis (Eumelia), Turkish defeat
near, xn 389; 406 sq.; 426
(South Africa), mission station, xi 783
Philippovich, Baron von, Austrian general,
xn400
Philippsburg, and France, iv 142 sqq.; 147,
246 ; captured by Imperialists, 250 ; taken
by Cond^, 389; 405; ceded to Bishop
of Speier, 407; 416; 597; 602; lost by
France, v 44, 45 ; taken by French (1688),
65; restored (1697), 63; Allies at, 411;
captured by French (1792) , vm 414 ; sur-
render of (1800), IX 65
Philips, Edward, iv 451
Phillip, Captain Arthur, Governor of New
South Wales, ix 737 sqq.
Phillips, Georg, and history of canon law,
xn 848
Wendell, American orator, vn 744
William, General, vn 230
Phillpotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter, x
673; XI 18
Philo, early printed editions of, i 612 sq.
Philosophy. See Political Philosophy, also
Descartes
Philothei, monk of Pskoflf, v 483
Philpot, John, Protestant Eeformer, n 539
Phipps, Sir William, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, vn 64, 89 sq.. Ill
Phoenix Park, murders in, xn 40, 81 sq., 86
Photi&des Pasha, Governor of Crete, xn 419
Photius, Archimandrite, x 423; 424; 452
Phourka pass, Turks in command of, xn
422
Phra Narai, King of Siam, xn 534
Phull, General von, military policy of, ix
490 sq.
Physics, history of. See Science
Physiocrats, The, vm 22 sqq. ; Turgot and,
83; 135, 140
622
General Index.
Physiology, history of. See Science
Piacenza, submits to French (1499), i
121; annexed by Julius H (1512), 251;
added to Papal territory (1521), n 44, 56;
given to Pierluigi Farnese, 80; murder
of Pierluigi at, 83; 84 sq.; agricultural
colony from, in 393 ; Spain and, 476 ; vi
29; Elisabeth Farnese and, 122; 152;
154 sq.; 159 sq.; Spanish defeat at, 161;
Don Philip's rights in, 239; 243; 246
sq. ; acquired by Don Philip, 249; 362;
366; 597; 609; taken by French (1800),
IX 62; French annexation of duchy of
(1808), 141, 247, 398; creation of duchies
in, 268; assigned to Empress Marie-
Louise (1814), 602, 660; x 212
Piaggia, Carlo, African traveller, xn 811
Piagnoni (Savonarolists), i 169 sq., 174,
181 sq., 564
Piale, Pasha, Ottoman sea-captain, ni 125,
131, 138
Pianori, Giovanni, xi 304
Piauhi, conquest of, v 679
Pibrac, Guy du Faur de, ni 59
Picard, Aymon, French Protestant martyr,
I 681
Jean, French astronomer, v 722
■ Louis-Joseph-Ernest, French poli-
tician, XI 305; 475; 485; 488; 493;
member of the Provisional Government,
497 sq.; 612
Picardy refuses to receive Cond^, in 30;
Philip proposes to take, 510 ; the League
in, 661-3; garrisons in, strengthened,
672; Henry IV's recovery of, 674;
Longueville and, rv 122; invaded by
Spanish and Imperial forces, 147, 370
sq.; 606; customs of, v 13; agricultural
population in, vm 61
Piccadilly, riot in, xii 43
Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius. See Pius n,
Pope
. Alfonso, m 430
Ottavio d'Arragona, Prince, Duke
of Amalfi, Austrian field-marshal, at
Liitzen, rv 221; in Pilsen, 239 sqq. ;
in Franconia, 245; at Saalfeld, 383;
385; 393; in Dunkirk, 598
Pichegru, Charles, viii 351, 385; com-
mands the Army of the Ehine, 426 sqq.,
432; commands the Army of the North,
434 sqq. ; commands the Army of the
Ehine and Moselle, 442 sq. ; treachery
of, 442 sq.; member of Council of
Five Hundred, 606; and coup d'itat
(1797), 509 sqq.; transported, 512; and
Cadoudal's conspiracy, ix 29 sqq.
Pichler, Aloys, German historian, xn 848
Pickering, Sir William, agent of Edward VI
and Mary at the French Court, n 518
Pico della Mirandola, Count Galeotto, n
72, 387
della Mirandola, Gianfrancesco, i 678
della Mirandola, Giovanni, i 147,
151, 659, 572, 696, 605, 615, 680; the
platonism of, n 4, 7, 702; and Leo X, 16;
Oratio de refcrmandis moribus, 31; 308;
character and achievements of, 694 sq.
Picquanet, George, hooftman of Bruges, i
449
Picquart, Georges, French officer, xn 120
sq.
Pictet, Marc-Auguste, founds BibliotJieque
hritannique in Geneva, ix 427; at Con-
gress of Vienna, 601
de Eochemont, Charles, ix 427
Picton, Sir Thomas, General, at Busaco,
IX 461; at Badajoz, 471; at Eonces-
vaUes and Maya, 479; at Ligny, 628;
at "Waterloo, 635 ; Governor of Trinidad,
750
Pidal, Pedro Jos^, Marquis of, Spanish
statesman, xi 650; 559
Pie, Monsignor, xi 469; 484
Piedade, battle at (1833), x 334
Piedmont (Italy), and the Wars (1622-9),
n 62, (1636-7), 73; held by France, 89;
relinquished (1558), 94; occupied by
French, m 399, 402, 404 ; Spaniards in,
400; cleared of French garrison, 406;
Cardinal of Lorraine in, ib.\ militia
in, 411; Cardinal Borromeo in, 414;
threatened by Lesdigui^res, 416-7;
Spanish troops in, 419; policy of rulers
of, 423; Louis and Eichelieu in, iv 137
sqq.; 148; Turenne's conquest of, 388;
Mazarin in, 592; 600 sq.; v 61; Duke
Victor Amadeus of Savoy in, 411, 414;
evacuated by the French (1706), 415;
425; VI 237; Franco-Spanish attack on,
241; 243; 245; and Papacy, 589; 608;
liberal rising in (1821) , vii 368 ; and French
(1794), vm 438; 555; Jacobin plot in,
557; French occupation of (1798-9),
654, IX 69; 61; annexation of, 71, 78
sq., 82; organisation of, by Bonaparte,
83, 104; a Franco-Italian province,
397-8, 400; and French Concordat,
401; rising in (1821), x 72, 114-7, 120,
150; the Eestoration in (1814), 108-9;
revolt in, and Count Confalonieri, 117;
pronunciamiento of militia of (1833),
122; conspiracy in army of, 123;
opposition of, to Papal aims, 142; Met-
ternich's supremacy in, 370; (1849-61),
Vol. XI, Chap. XIV passim; situation
in, 70; and the Papal State, 71; national
movement in, 75, 78; 83 sq. ; and Italian
Federation, 89; union of, with Lombardy
and Venetia, 90; 92; defeat of, by
Austria, 93; and Swiss Sonderbund,
249; Napoleon III and, 306 sq. ; sends
troops to Crimea, 322; 332; appeals to
France and England, 367; and union
with central Italy, 386, 388; 403; 468;
alliance of, with Prussia, 479; 635; 706;
the Siccardi Laws in, 708; education in,
xn 237
Princes of. See Savoy, also Sardinia,
King of
General Index,
623
Piedmont (W. Virginia), victory of Hunter
at (1864), vn 531
Pieni V animo, Encyclical of Pius X, xn 230
Pier, the Great, "admiral of the Zuiderzee,"
I 453
Pierce, Franklin, President of the United
States, vn 419, 425 sq.
Piero di Sacco, Alessandro da, Venetian
Eeformer, ii 381 sq.
Pierson, Nicolas Gerard, Dutch Minister of
Finance, xn 246 sq.
Pietermaritzburg, capital of Natal, xi 782
Pieter's Hill, stormed by General Buller,
XII 643
Pietism, in Holland and Germany, Vol. v,
Chap. XXIV passim, 742-63
Pietra Santa, sUver mines of, in 392
Pietro, Michele di. Cardinal, imprisoned,
IX 200; X 133
Pievtsoff, Eussian explorer, xn 799
Pigeau, Eustache-Nicolas, ix 166; 169
Pighino. See Siponto, Archbishop of
Pighius, Albert, n 667, 717
Pignatelli, Antonio. See Innocent XH
Francois, Prince of Strongoli, Go-
vernor of Naples, viii 652
Pigneau de Behaine, Bishop, xn 623
Pigot, George Pigot, Lord, Governor of
Madras, vi 548; 565; 576
Pikhn6, Eussian ofificial, xn 373
Pilat, Austrian publicist, editor of Oester-
reichischer Beobachter, ix 583; x 357
Pilatus, Leontius, Greek teacher of Boccac-
cio, I 541
Pile, Polish journalist, xn 337
Pilgrim Fathers, The, vn 13 sq.
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), n 446 sq.
Pillau, port of Konigsberg, seized by
Gustavus, IV 186 sqq., 193; 194; 197;
Treaty of Konigsberg and, 428; tolls of,
V 638, 641; 647; Eussian magazine at,
VI 297
Pillersdorff, Baron Franz von, Austrian
statesman, xi 155; 170 sq.; resigns, 175;
179; 189
Pillnitz, Convention of (1791), vi 656, vm
296, 399, 530
Pillow, Gideon Johnson, Confederate general,
vn 462, 495
Pilsen, Mansfeld in, iv 24, 65, 67; Wallen-
stein at, 239 sq., 241 sqq.; Treaty of
(1647), 391; surrender of, vi 234; Allies
at (1813), IX 520
Pimentel, Eleonora, vm 779
Pimentelli, Spanish ambassador, and the
conversion of Christina of Sweden, iv
576
Finckney, Charles, American politician, vn
246 sq., 272, 281, 287, 289 sqq.
Charles Cotesworth, American states-
man and soldier, vn 246, 272, 282, 320
sq.; and the Presidential election of 1800,
324, 372; vm 493
Thomas, United States Minister to
Great Britain, vn 328, 372
Pinczow, Calvinist Synod at (1550), ni 79
Pindaris, measures against the, xi 724 sqq.;
753
Pindemonte, Giovanni, Italian poet, vi 835
Ippolito, Italian poet, viii 778
Pinel, Philippe, ix 132
Pinerolo, n 73; retained by France (1558),
94, m 400, 406, 478 ; retroceded to Savoy
(1574), 25; France seizes (1631), iv 60,
115, 138 sq., 405, 679, 685; Fouquet im-
prisoned at, V 6; 415
Pinet, Jacques, Army commissioner, vm
440
Pingone, Emmanuel Philibert, Italian
historian, m 412
Ping-shan, H.M.S. Woodcock at, xn 796
Ping Yang, captured by the Japanese, xn
511
Pinkie Cleugh, battle of (1547), n 487, 556
Pinneberg, taken by Imperialists (1627),
rv 102
Pintianus (Fernando Nunez de Guzman),
Spanish Hellenist, i 379, 578
Pinto. See Serpa Pinto
Pinto-Eibeiro, Joao, Portuguese statesman,
Portuguese independence and, iv 651
Pinturicchio (Bernardino Betti), Umbrian
painter, i 233
Pinzon, Vicente Yanez, discoverer of Brazil,
I 34 sq.
Pio di Carpi, Alberto, Prince of, i 562, 573 ;
n 15 sq.
Lionello, Prince of, i 562
Eodolfo, Cardinal, Bishop of
Faenza, n 656; ra 425
Piombino, n 84, 88; Savoy's claim to, ni
385; 395; alum worked at, 392; 398;
promised to Philip III, iv 14 ; Jacopo VI
of, m 385 ; principality of, ix 661
Piombo, Sebastian del, iii 466
Piotrkow, meeting at (1552), n 636, m 78;
Catholic Synod at (1555), 79; Diet of
(1558), 80; (1562), 82; Augustus II at,
V 595
Piper, Cai-l, Count, Swedish statesman, v
600
Pippin, son of Charles the Great, the
Venetian Eepublic and, i 260
Piraeus, Anglo-French occupation of, xi 640
Pirch, English officer, at Waterloo, ix 638
Pirkheimer, Wilibald, German humanist,
I 325 ; II 138, 160 ; opposes Luther, 168,
698
Pima, negotiations at, iv 252 ; 379 ; vi 244 ;
Saxon army at, 255, 338
Piro, Portuguese conquest of (1791), ix 718
Pirot, Servian victory at, xn 389; 396;
407
Pisa, rebellion of, against Florence, 1.113,
155, 171 sq., 191; besieged by Maxi-
milian I (1498) , 119 ; Council of (1469) , 620,
(Sept. 1511), 249, 251, 479, 651, 677;
Second Synod of (May, 1511), ii 29;
Florentine conquest of, m 385 ; seized by
Vitelli, 387; docks built at, 391-2; School
624
General Index.
of Botany at, 394; botanic gardens at,
V 734; scientific congress at (1839), x
128-9; 131; and the Jesuits, xi 69
Agnolo Niccolini, Archbishop of, m
386, 388
Francesco Salviati, Archbishop of,
m 390
Pisacane, Carlo, Italian revolutionary, xi
375; 380
Pisani, Frederick, dragoman, x 552
Giorgio, Venetian politician, vi 607
St Goard, Marquis de, French am-
bassador at Kome, ni 443, 452, 461
Vettor, Venetian commander, i 258
sq.
Pisania, English factories at, xn 806
Pisareff, Eussian writer, xn 297; 302
Piscataqua river, settlements on, vn 21
Pisek, surrender of, vi 234
Pishin, British retreat to, xi 734; district
of, xn 471
Pistoia, factions in, m 388, 391 ; Diocesan
Synod at, vi 605
and Prato, Scipione Ricci, Bishop of,
VI 603 sqq. ; x 142
Pistoris, Matemus, Italian humanist, in
Erfurt, II 111
Pistorius, Johannes, confessor of Rudolf II,
m 710
Pithou, Pierre, in 59 sq., 63; Satyre M4nip-
pee and, 69 sq.
Pitigliano, Niccold of, iii 386
See Orsini
Pitono, Spanish brigand, xn 259
Pitsani, mounted police at, xn 641
Pitschen, Maximilian defeated at (1588),
IV 168
Pitt, John, in Madras, v 700
Thomas (" Diamond Pitt ") , Governor
of Madras, v 699 sq. ; vi 394
WUliam, Earl of Chatham. See
Chatham
William, the younger, rise of. Vol.
VI, Chap, xin (3); 45; 48; 66; and
Ireland, 503 sq.; and Clive, 561 sq.; and
Warren Hastings, 580; India Bill of,
582 ; and Catharine 11, 677 ; and American
trade, vn 309, 328; foreign policy of
(1783-93), Vol. vin. Chap, x, 322 sq.;
policy of, in the East, 331 sq., 337,
528; and peace with France, 496, 498,
659; 643; and French monarchy, 648;
and the reformers, 759, 761 sq.; ix 41;
retirement of, 71 ; appoints Lord Barham
First Lord of Admiralty, 224 ; 243 ; and
Third Coalition, 245-6; 256, 263, 362;
repressive period of, 672 sq.; resigna-
tion of, 679 sq. ; return of, 683; death
of, 264; 685; and Poor Relief, 691;
and Ireland, 693 sq.; and the Union,
702 sq.; and India, 710; 717, 730, 733;
and Canada, 744 ; x 3 ; 141 ; and Spanish
America, 280 sq. ; 574; 579; 583; and
parliamentary reform, 599; 612; and
Cathohc emancipation, 625, 631, 633;
657; and Canada, 685, 688 sq.; 703;
and Adam Smith, 765, 771
Pittenweem, Jacobites at, vi 99
Pittone, Philip, Baron, Austrian general,
vin 558
Pitt-Rivers, Augustus H. L. Fox, archaeo-
logist, xn 850
Pittsburg, fort bmlt at, vn 120; trade
of, 360, 375, 692; convention of Free-
Soil party at (1852), 419. See also Fort
Duquesne
Landing, Grant moves to, vn 496 sq.,
659; Halleck at, 498
Pitzuwo, Russian troops at, xn 583; 685
Pius n (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini), Pope,
I 72, 76 sqq., 78; goes on crusade, 79,
655 sq.; 92, 145, 285, 387; issues his
BuU for protection of ruins of Rome,
547; 623, 632 sq. ; nepotism of, 647; at
Congress of Mantua, 655; 664, 688; n
29, 355; in 757
in (Francesco Piccolomini), Pope,
I 126, 195, 242
IV (Giovanni Angelo de' Medici),
Pope, n 650, 676, 578 sq.; Elizabeth
and, 683; the Inquisition and, 650; the
Jesuits and, 666; Council of Trent and,
674-86; prohibited books and, 687; m
145, 148, 154, 168-9, 191, 266-7, 270-1,
386, 390, 403, 405, 482, 592; issues BuU
for erection of Catholic colleges in Ireland,
593
V (Michele Ghislieri), Pope, n 33,
397 ; Carranza and, 410 ; 656 ; Congrega-
tion of the Index set up by, 687 ; League
of, against the Turks, m 133, 494; death
of (1572), 18, 136; 172; 175, 178; and
Mary, Queen of Scots, 272, 275-6; and
Elizabeth, 281 sqq., 349; and Cosimo I,
386, 390, 396; policy of, 424 sqq.; 429;
and Sixtus V, 441, 455; and Carnesecchi,
466; 468; v 325
VI (Giovanni Angelo Braschi) , Pope,
m 438; visits Vienna, vi 636; vm 197,
573, 581; deportation of, 636 sqq., 790;
778 ; X 143 ; and Consalvi, 131 ; at Flor-
ence, 132 ; 143 ; 153 ; and Febronius, 158 ;
159
VII (Gregorio Bernabd Chiaramonti),
Pope, IX 88 ; 107 ; and the Concordats with
France, 180-90; crowns Napoleon, 191-2;
quarrel of, with Napoleon, 193-7; im-
prisoned at Avignon, 196; at Savona,
t6.; resistance of, 198; imprisonment of,
at Fontainebleau, 200; reconciliation of,
with Napoleon, ib.; released (1814), 201;
and German Church, 201-3; effect of
imprisonment of, 206-7; character of,
207 ; 400 ; declines to join alliance against
England, 401; declines to recognise
Joseph Bonaparte as King of Naples,
404: 686; and Order of St John of
Jerusalem, 604; restoration of, 621; and
Final Act, 662-3; reconstitutes the
Jesuits, X 6; and Holy Alliance, 10;
General Index,
525
returns to Eome (1814), 131; elected
Pope (1800), 132; Consalvi's influence
upon, 132; 133; at Fontainebleau, ih.\
reinstates Consalvi as Secretary of State,
134; and restoration of Papal govern-
ment (1814), t6. ; 137; 139; and negotia-
tions with France, 140 ; friendly attitude
of, to England, 141 ; and reaction in
Spain, 142 ; and settlement with France,
143-4; and Emperor Francis, 145; and
Bavaria, 146-7; and Prussia, 148; and
States of Upper Khine, 148-9 ; and Nether-
lands, 149; death of, 161; as a lover of
art, ih. ; 153 ; consents to ecclesiastical
taxes in Spain, 209 ; Concordat of, with
Tsar, 424, 449; and Belgian bishops,
526 ; and Irish Catholics, 635 ; xi 72 ; 703
Pius VIII (Francesco Xaverio Castiglioni) ,
Pope, X 139; pontificate of, 154; 381
IX (Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti) , Pope,
definition of Papal attitude in the
Syllabus (1864) of, x 6; 124; 156; 164;
167; election (1846) of, 168; pontifi-
cate of (1846-70), Vol. XI, Chap, xxv
passim; and English bishoprics, 19; 38;
and Guizot, 40; election of, 71; character
and career of, 72 sq. ; Amnesty of, 74;
further reforms by, 76; and Metternich,
77; and Great Britain, 78; and Eome,
79 sqq. ; and War with Austria, 84, 87
sq.; 89; flight of, 91; 93 sq. ; restora-
tion of, 95, 378; and France, 121 sq.,
125 sq.; and Napoleon III, 128, 468,
474, 478; and Piedmontese ecclesiastical
Courts, 367 sq.; 371; reactionary policy
of, 378 ; at Gaeta, 379 ; 387 ; and struggle
for Temporal Power, 389, 391 sq.; 469;
aided by France, 484 sq.; and CEcumenical
Council, 494; hostility of, to Italy, 530
sq. ; publishes Syllabus, 539 ; 541 ; and
dogma of Infallibility, 543; 545; Con-
cordat of, with Spain, 558 ; and Isabel of
Spain, 568; 574; and Holland, 665; xii
93; 103; and Germany, 148 sq. ; and the
Italian monarchy, 229; and Alfonso XII,
263; and Ecuador, 673; and Ultramon-
tanism, 848; death of, 152, 216
X (Giuseppe Sarto), Pope, xn 122;
225
Pi y Margall, Francisco, Spanish Eepub-
lican leader, xn 261
Pizarro, Fernando, Francisco and Gonzalo,
Spanish explorers, ii 101
Francisco, invasion of Peru by (1532),
I 45 sq., 58; death of, ii 101; x 246
Pizzighettone, Bonaparte captures, viii 569
Placards, the Parisian, of 1534, n 285 sqq.
issued by Charles V and Philip II in
Netherlands, against heresy, iii 184 sqq.,
199 sqq.
Place, Francis, and Eadical movement, ix
688; and elementary education, 692; x
598 sq.; 612; and Eeform Bill agitation,
615; 656; xn 734; and Trade Unionism,
748
•'Place of Battles." See Easboieni
Placentia, French settlement in Newfound-
land, vn 52
Placentius, John, nr 791
Plade, Peder (Palladius). See Sjaalland,
Bishop of
Plaswitz, armistice at (1813), ix 608,
520-1
Plague, the bubonic (1896), in India, xn
486 sq.
Planchenoit, Bliicher at (1815), ix 637;
Young Guard at, 641
Planck, Gottlieb Jacob, German Church
historian, xn 846
Planitz, H. von der, Saxon Chancellor,
n 170
Planta, Pompeius von, supports Spanish
party in Grisons, iv 45; 47 sq.; 52
Eudolf von, supports Spanish party
in Grisons, rv 45; 46 sqq.; 65
Plappeville, fort of, xi 591 sq.
Plasencia, Soult's march on, ix 453
Philip Sega, Cardinal Bishop of.
Legate in France, ni 52
Plassey, battle of, vi 554 sq.
Plate river. See Eio de la Plata
Platen, Countess of, vi 19
Platen-Hallermiinde, Count August von,
poet, X 412; xi 413
Plater, Count Louis, x 430; 463
Platina (Bartolommeo Sacchi), i 652, 624
Plato, Eenaissance study of, n 701 sq. ; v
739; 749
Platoff, Count, Hetman of Cossacks, at
Borodino, ix 495; pursues Grand Army,
499 sq.
Platonism, introduced into Florence, n 4;
Platonists, 4, 702
Piatt, Thomas Collier, American politician,
vn 649
"Platte country," vn 427
Platter, Thomas, printer of Basel, n 365
Plattsburg (N.Y.), captured by British
(1813), vn 341
Plauen, list of grievances drawn up at, in
712
Henry of, High Master of German
Order, v 633
Plava, Montenegro and, xn 392, 396,
401 sq.
Playfair, Lyon Playfair, Lord, xi 10
William, writer, vm 771
Plebiscite, see Vol. ix, Chap, i. The Con-
sulate, passim
Plehve, W. K., Eussian statesman, xn 309;
311; 315 sq.; Minister of Interior, 326;
328 sq.; and labour movement, 331;
Secretary of State for Finland, 335 ; and
Armenian Church, 342; assassinated,
346; 376
Pleiade, The, ra 54, 368
Pleissenberg, fortress of, v 593
Plekhanoflf, Eussian socialist, xn 307:
329 sq.
Plempius, Vopisous Fortunatus, iv 789
83
526
General Index.
Plener, Ignatius von, Austrian Minister of
Finance, xn 176
Pleskow. See Pskoff
Plessen, Baron L. E. H. von, at Congress
of Vienna, ix 588
Wolrad von, iv 40
Plessis-les-Tours, Treaty of (1580), m 254
Plethon, Gemistos, Platonist, i 542 ; n 701
Pletinckx, Karl, Belgian revolutionary
leader, x 536 sq.
P16ville Le Pelay, Georges Een6, Minister
of Navy, viii 508
Plevlye, xn 396; Austrian occupation of,
400 sq.
Plevna, xii 32 ; siege of, 388, 391 sq.
Plichon, Charles-Ignace, French politician,
XI 469; 472; Minister of Public Works,
493
Pliusa, truce of (1583), iv 167
Plock, electors of Palatinate of, m 87;
ceded to Poland (1582), 101; Kutusoff
marches on, ix 611; Polish province, x
449 ; martial law in, 469 sq.
Noskowski, Bishop of, iii 83
Plon, Duke of. Bee Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plon
Ploeshti, insurrection at, xi 646
Plombi^res, Napoleon III and Cavour at,
XI 307, 376; 381
Plowden, Edmund, jurist, ii 586
Plunket, Sir Nicholas, iv 535
Oliver, Catholic Archbishop of
Armagh, v 228; 306
William Conyngham, 1st Baron,
and Irish rebellion, ix 701; and the
Union, 703; and Bill for Catholic relief
(1821), x 636; Attorney-General, 637;
642; 677
Plunkett, Sir Horace Curzon, xii 88; 90;
741
Plymouth, seizure of Spanish ships at, ni
225; English fleet at, 309-11, 316;
Flemish ships' cargoes seized in harbour
of (1589), 317; Spanish vessels at, 493;
Anglo-Dutch naval engagement off, iv
472 ; the Mayflower pilgrims at, 747,
VII 13; Franco- Spanish fleet at, vi 376,
452; French ships carried into, ix 234;
Portuguese refugees at, x 322, 324
Company, and North America, rv
747, VII 4, 12 sq.
(Massachusetts) , settlement of Sepa-
ratists in. III 562
(N. Carolina), the Albemarle de-
stroyed off (1864), VII 563 sq.
Po river, Austrian troops on, vi 153 sq. ;
241 ; 245 ; Italian troops cross, xi 84, 86
Pohieda, Eussian battleship, xii 581
Pobyedonostseff, Constantin, tutor of Alex-
ander m, XII 312; Procurator of Holy
Synod, 313 ; 314 sqq. ; 323 ; opposes re-
form, 326, 328 ; 331 ; and Finland, 335 ;
348
Pocahontas, daughter of Indian chief
Powhatan, vn 7
Pocock, Sir George, Admiral, vi 369; 426;
547 sq.
Podewils, Prussian Minister, vi 421; 658
Podgoritsa, Montenegro and, xn 392, 396
Podhorzan, Frederick II at, vi 234
Podiebrad, George, King of Bohemia, i 293,
296, 331, 655, 689; ii 198
Podlasia, Polish Palatinate of, in 87;
province of, x 449
Podolia, incorporated in Poland (1431), in
73; Palatine of, 91; ceded to Turks
(1672), v 353; 355; 365; restored to
Poland (1699), 371; Austria and, vi 630;
Eussian administration of, x 459 sq. ;
martial law in, 469; disorder in, xn
354
Poe, Edgar Allan, vn 742 sq.
Pohlmann, Eobert, German economic his-
torian, xn 845
Poel, claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick, iv
403 sq.
Poltenburg, Baron Ernst von, Hungarian
general, xi 213
Poerio, Alessandro, Italian poet, x 126; xi
645
Carlo, Italian Liberal, xi 379
Giuseppe, x 114
Poggio Bracciolini (Giovanni Francesco),
ItaHan humanist (1380-1459), i 545; his
Urbis Romae Descriptio, 547; 549, 665;
visits England, 598
Poincare, Eaymond, French Minister of
Finance, xn 113; 124
Point Isabel (Texas) , operations near (1846) ,
VII 394 sq.
Levis, batteries erected on, vn 133
sq.
Pointis, Jean-Bemard-Louis Desjean, Baron
de, French seaman, v 59 ; 307 ; 413
Poiret, Pierre, pietist, v 762
Poisseuille, Jean-Louis-Marie, physiologist,
V 727
Poissy, Colloquy of (1561), n 301 sq., 568,
581, vni 68
Poitiers, Synod of French Church at (1561),
n 300; siege of (1569), in 13; submission
of, 663; Edict of (1577), 665; attempt to
seize, 672 ; Mazarin at, iv 616 ; University
of, 778
Diane de, n 97 sq. ; the Guises and,
296; 486; m 263
Poitou, spread of Protestantism in, n 292 ;
the League in, in 661, 663; Protestants
threaten trouble in, 674; Mercoeur's
strength in, 675; and Cond^, iv 122;
123; 126; 128; rebellion of (1636-7),
153; customs of, v 13; 24; scarcity in,
VI 162
Pokanchets, The, Indian tribe, vn 27
Pokrovsky monastery, v 525
Pokz6vskoe, peasant rising in, xn 361
Pola, victory of Genoese at (1379), i 253
sq.
Giambattista Yergerio, Bishop of, n
394
Qeneral Index,
527
Poland
I X Hungary and the Sclavonic
kingdoms, 329-46
II Note on the Eeformation in
Poland, 634-8
III iii The Catholic Keaction, and
the Valois and Bathory
elections, in Poland, 73-103
IV V The Vasa in Sweden and Po-
land (1560-1630), 158-89
vi Gustavus Adolphus (1630-2),
passim, 191 sqq.
xiv The Treaty of Westphalia,
passim, (Treaties of Konigs-
berg, Marienburg, etc.), 427
sqq.
XX The Scandinavian North (1559-
1660), passim, 578 sqq.
V xii Austria, Poland and Turkey,
338-71
xix Charles XII and the Great
Northern War, passim, 584-
615
XX The Origins of the Kingdom of
Prussia, passim, 616-38
VI vii Poland under the Saxon Kings,
191-200
xix Catharine II (of Russia) , passim^
664-701
XX (2) Poland and Prussia, 729-34
[See also 150 sqq., 628 sqq.]
vin X Eussia under Anne and Eliza-
beth, passim, 301-28
xvii The extinction of Poland (1788-
97), 521-52
[See also 786]
Note. For later history of Poland
after the annexations, see ix 337 sqq. ;
485 sq. ; 491, 591 sqq.; 663; Congress
of Vienna and, 655 sq., 667 sq. ; and
Polish revolution. Vol. x. Chap, xiv
passim ; 8 sq. ; Catholic Church in,
141; 164; administration of Prussian,
353; ecclesiastical reaction and, 425;
426 sq. ; literary development of, 432 ;
438; at war (1831) with Russia, 444;
attitude of France towards, 483, 488;
literature of. Vol. xi. Chap, xxii (4) ;
revolutionary movements in, 46 sq. ; 71 ;
France and, 109, 308, 475 sq. ; Vor-
parlament and, 163; Hungary and, 208;
323; Bismarck and revolution in, 434;
436; 456; land tenure in, 616, 628;
622; pohtical parties and Russian con-
cessions in, 657 sq. ; insurrection (1863)
in, 537, 628 sq., 660; xii 1, 11; Germany
and, 139, 162, 167; Sweden and, 274;
294 ; schools in, 299 ; 324 ; Russian policy
in, 336 sqq. ; 351 ; strikes in, 353; agita-
tion and martial law in, 360 sqq. ; and
second Duma, 372 ; 373 ; ideas of 1908 in,
377 sq. ; 842. See also Warsaw, Grand
Duchy of
Poland, primate of. See Gnesen
Polar exploration, xn 814 sq.
Pole, The, journal, xn 339
Pole, Edmund de la. See Suffolk, Earl of
Sir Geoffrey, arrest of, n 449; 523
Reginald, Cardinal and Archbishop
of Canterbury, ii 33, 85, 239, 379, 398
sq., 446-9; 501 ; Papal legate to England,
618 ; unwise advice of, to Mary, 519 sq. ;
522, 525, 629; 532; treatment of Pro-
testants by, 533, 536, 543 ; relations of,
with Paul IV, 546; death of, 549; 641;
Church reform and, 643 ; and Council of
Trent, 660-8; in 466
Richard de la (titular Earl of Suffolk) ,
I 481 ; death of, n 426
WilUam de la, i 505
Polentani, The, Lords of Ravenna, i 281
Polenz, George von. See Samland, Bishop
of
Polianovka, Treaty of (1634), v 504
Polignac, Armand de, ix 29; 32
Auguste- Jules- Armand-Marie, Prince
de. Ministry of, x 97-9 ; foreign schemes
of, 98 ; 475 ; 486 ; and Algiers, 602
Jules de, IX 29; 32
Melchior de, Cardinal, v 427; 439;
VI 191
Yolande M. Gabrielle de Polastron,
Duchesse de, viii 80
Poligny, riot at, xi 137
Politian (Angelo Ambrogini Poliziano), i
18, 545; edits Justinian's Pandects, 546;
Miscellanea, 550; 553-6; Orfeo, 584; ii
16, 18, 701 ; m 458
Politica, Chevalier de, Russian Minister to
the United States, vn 370
Political Philosophy, possibilities of change
in, I 56 sq.. Vol. ii, Chaps, vi, 174-205,
and XIX, 690-718, passim; in the 16th
century, Vol. iii, Chap, xxn, 736-69;
English, in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Vol. VI, Chap, xxin, 785-821 ; Philosophy
and the [French] Revolution, Vol. vrn.
Chaps. I, 1-35 ; xxv, passim, 754 sqq. ;
Vol. X, 40 sqq.
Politique, Liege journal, x 532
Politiques, French, party of the, m 7 sq.,
21 sq., 37, 50, 67-8; political theories of,
753-4, 756
Polk, James Knox, vn 393; President of
the United States, 395, 397, 401
Leonidas, Confederate general, vii
457 sq., 462
Pollard, Edward Albert, editor of the
Richmond Examiner, vn 550, 605, 607
Pollilore, engagement at, vi 577
Pollock, Sir George, Field-Marshal, xr
734 sq.
Polo, Marco, travels of, i 8; xn 793; in
China, 796; 798; 802 sq.
Polock. See Polozk
Polotski, Russian monk. See Sitianovich,
Simeon
Polozk, Peter the Great at, v 594 ; district
of, assigned to Russia, vi 669 ; Saint-Cyr
evacuates (1812), ix 499
33-2
628
General Index,
Polt&va, battle of (1709), v 536, 681, 601
sqq., 607, 667, vi 192, 311; peasant
disturbances in, xn 333
Poly, Fran9oi8-C.-G. -Louis, Baron de, vni
505 sq.
Polynesia, France and, xn 666 sq.
Pomaks, The, xn 406; 408; 426
Pomare, Queen of Tahiti, xi 35
Pombal, Sebastian Joseph de Carvalho e
Mello, Marquis of (Count of Oeyras),
Portuguese statesman, vi 187; and the
Jesuits, 592 ; Ministry of, 384 sqq. ; fall
of, 375, 388; and Brazil, 391 sq. ; and
the Papacy, 694; vin 783; x 311
Cardinal, vi 594
Pomerania, refuses Formula Concordiae^
m 704; iv 104; Imperial troops in, 106;
108; and Gustavus Adolphus, 115, 193
sq., 196 sq., 215 sq., 218, 220, 244;
Treaty of Prague and, 254 sq. ; and
compact at Stuhmsdorf, 366; 374; 378;
claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick, 403 sq.;
and Brandenburg, v 620, 626; Spiel-
hagen's writings on, xi 420. See also
Pomerania, Prussian, and Pomerania,
Western
Eastern. See Pomerania, Prussian
Prussian, passes to Brandenburg
(1648), IV 404, 426; taxation in, vi 221;
263; Swedes m, 266 sq., 280, 287, 295,
409; Bussian troops in, 287, 289, 297,
326; evacuated by Kussia (1762), 298;
economic conditions in, 715
Swedish. See Pomerania, Western
Western, cession of, to Sweden (1648),
IV 404, 429, V 562; Brandenburg and,
IV 430, 432 sq., v 40, 359, 569, 643, 651
sq., 666; and Peace of Saint-Germain,
671, 652; part of, assigned to Denmark
(1715), 582, 611, VI 24; Prussian designs
on (1756), 251; Prussians invade, 276;
Swedish army in, 294; peasant pro-
prietors in, 220; Prussian designs on
(1803), IX 250; part of, evacuated by
Sweden, 300, 322; restored to Sweden
(1810), 323; Swedish army in, 507;
annexed to Prussia (1815), 592, 656, xi
680
Pomerania, Dukes of: —
Barnim (d. 1573), n 170; assists
Christian II, 230; makes peace with
Charles V, 262
Bogislav X (d. 1523), ii 170
Bogislav XIV (d. 1637), iv 104
signs capitulation of Franzburg, 106
108; 194; death of, 366; 404; v 637
641
George (d. 1531), ii 170
Pomerania-Stettin, Otto III, Duke of, v 624
Pomerania- Wolgast, Dukes of, v 631
Duke Philip Julius of, iv 104
Pomerelia, German Order and, v 631
Pomeroon, Dutch settlement on the, iv 755
Pomfret Castle, surrenders to rebels (1536),
II 446
Pommereul, Baron Fran9ois-Ren6-Jean de,
French general, becomes General Censor
(1811), IX 141
Pommersfelden, victory of Albrecht Alci-
biades at, n 275
Pomore, loyalty of the, v 600
Pompadour, Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson le
Normant d'Etioles, Marquise de, vi 164 ;
254; 330; 333; and French politics, 334;
335; and Austrian alliance, 336; and
Count Starhemberg, 338 ; 339 ; 341 ; 348 ;
and Choiseul, 356; 400 sq.; and the
Church, 591 ; 592 ; vra 24, 72
Pomponazzo, Pietro (Peretto), n 4, 702 sq.;
Immortality of the Soul, 704; in 466
Pomponne, Simon Amauld, Marquis de,
French ambassador in Sweden, v 566
Ponce (Porto Eico), Miles at (1898), vn 681
Poncet, Charles, African explorer, xn 805
Jules, African explorer, xn 811
Ponda, acquisition of, by Portuguese, ix 718
Pondicherry, captured by Dutch (1693), v
696; restored to France (1697), 63; 703;
France and, vi 347; 532; French rule
in, 534; 535 sq.; siege of (1748), 638;
639 sq.; Dupleix at, 544 sq.; 547; taken
by British (1761), 427, 549, 577 ; evacuated
by France (1778), 454; regained by France
(1783), 464; recaptured by British (1793),
475, IX 714; retained by Great Britain,
240; French soldiers at, xn 535
Ponet, John, Bishop of Winchester, n 601
Poniatowski, Joseph Antoine, Prince, Polish
general, ix 354; and Eussian campaign,
488 sqq.; drowned at Leipzig, 540
Stanislaus, Count Palatine of Ma-
zovia, V 603 sq.; 606; vi 193; 196 sq.
Stanislaus Augustus. See Stanislaus
II, King of Poland
Ponikau, agent of Bernard of Weimar, signs
agreement at Paris (Oct. 1635), iv 368
Ponsonby, George, leader of Whigs, ix 687;
and Whig Club, 693 ; 698-9 ; retirement
of, 700; and Polish Question, x 446
John, Speaker of Irish House of
Commons, vi 489 ; 494
John Ponsonby, Viscount, British
ambassador at Constantinople, s 612;
554 sqq.; 560; 563; 570
Sir William, Major-General, at Water-
loo, IX 635 ; and Whig Club, 693 ; 698-9
Pont-a-Mousson, German force at, xi 588 sq.;
592
Pontanus, Jovianus (Giovanni Gioviano
Pontano), of Naples, i 560, 624; n 16;
in 470
Pontarlier, Bernard of Weimar at, iv 379 ;
380; 382
Pontchartrain, Louis Phelypeaux, Comte
de, V 28; 30
Pont de Gr^sin, Savoy and, m 419, 420
Pontecorvo, vi 494; restored to Papacy,
595 ; Naples occupies, vm 650 ; princi-
pality of, declared by France to belong
to Church, ix 189 ; granted to Bemadotte
General Index,
629
(1806), 194, 268; resigned by Bernadotte,
324; rererts to Holy See, 652; claimed
by Naples, x 132; revolution in (1821),
150
Pontecoulant, Comte Louis-Gustave Doulcet
de, French politician, vin 515 ; x 45
Ponte Ferreira, fight at (1832), x 329
Lagoscuro, Papal party defeated at
(1644), IV 686
Longone (in Elba), the fortification
of, in 683
Pontenuovo, battle of, vi 350, 610
Pontine marshes, m 437
Pontivy (Napol^onville), town created by
Napoleon, ix 120
Pontoglio, Prince Eugene at, v 402
Pontoise, meeting of Estates at (1561),
n 301 ; acknowledges Henry IV, m 662 ;
Parlement transferred to (1652), iv 617;
VI 130 sq.; Parlement banished to (1753),
347
Pontremoli, occupied by French (1495), 1 116
Pont-Saint-Esprit, captured by de Luynes,
m 32
Ponts de C6, treaty at, in 675
Poona, Maratha insurgents in, vi 524; 575;
French envoy at, 576 ; Malet sent to, ix
710 ; relations of, with the Nizam, 714 ;
Sindhia at (1792), 719 sqq.; Brahman
oligarchy at, 720; capture of (1802), 727;
731, (1817) XI 726
Poor Law, English, Elizabeth's, m 356;
Pitt's suggestions, ix 691; Justices at
Speenhamland, ib. ; Commission of 1832
and its report, x 660 sqq. ; reform of
1834 carried, 662 ; agitation against new
law, 682; Irish, reformed (1838), 676;
extension of functions under, xn 753 sq.
(For the charitable system of the Middle
Ages, see n 108)
Pope, Alexander, Essay on Man, iv 768 ;
v70; 467; vi822; 826; x 696 sqq.; 701;
714 ; 723 ; xi 423
John, commands Army of Virginia,
vn 477 sq., 480, 500, 506; on the
Mississippi (1862), 497 sqq.
Poperinge, ceded to France, v 45
Popham, Edward, admiral, naval ad-
ministration and, IV 460; in Portugal,
464
George, expedition of, to New England,
vnl2
Sir Home Riggs, captures Cape
Colony, IX 235; expedition of, to Cape
Colony, 752 ; expedition of, to Buenos
Ayres, t&. ; x 280 ; expedition of, to the
River Plate, 281
English officer in India, storms
Gwalior, vi 576
Popish Plot, The so-called (1678), v 220 sqq.;
334
Poplawski, Polish publicist, xii 338 sq.
Populaire, French journal, x 491
Population, Malthus on, x 775; lowered
death-rate in, xn 781 ; overflow of, from
Europe, 12; in Empire, especially Ger-
many, after Thirty Years' War, iv 418;
of England, in 1642, 302 ; of England,
Scotland and Ireland, from 1852, xi 70,
346; during last few years, xii 63; in
France, declining birth-rate in, 102 ;
Prussian, Frederick William I's measures
to increase, vi 218 sq.; Spanish, during
earlier 16th century, i 357
Pordage, Samuel, poet, v 132
Porlier, Juan Diaz, Marques de Montarosa,
Spanish guerrilla chief, in Cantabrian
hills, IX 469; X 210
Porro, Luigi, x 124
Porta, Carlo, Italian writer, xi 645
See also Delia Porta
Portal, Gerald, mission of, to Abyssinia,
xn 444
Jos6, organises rising at Seville, xi
657
Pierre-Barth^lemy, Baron, French
Minister of IVIarine, x 57 ; 60
Portalis, Jean-E. -Marie, French politician,
vni 607, 727, 742; k 150 sqq.; 160,
188
Comte Joseph-Marie, x 56; 63; 92
Port Arthur, in the Eusso-Japanese War,
Vol. XII, Chap. XIX passim ; 132 ; railway
to, 344; 345 sq.; taken by Japan, 348,
611 sq.; leased to Russia, 513; 621 sq.;
ceded to Japan, 601
Augusta, projected railway to, xn
634
Dalrymple, settlement founded at,
IX 740
Darwin, founded, xi 798
Egmont, Spanish attack on, vi 373 ;
437; 443
Porteous, Beilby, Bishop of London, viii
763
John, Captain of the Edinburgh City
Guard, vi 48 ; 108
Porter, Sir Charles, Lord Chancellor of
Ireland, v 317; 320 sq.
David Dixon, American admiral, vii
500, 502 sq., 505, 537, 544, 657
Endymion, ni 575
Fitz-John, American general, vn 480
George, and plot against William III,
V 262
George Richardson, political econo-
mist, X 783 sq.
Port' Ercole, France retains, m 385
Porterfield, G. A., Confederate colonel, de-
feated at Philippi (1861), vn 456
Port Essington, Australia, xi 795
Gibson, captured (1863), vn 503
Hamilton, British occupation of, xn
609
Hudson, Federal attack on (1863),
VII 503; surrender of, 506; 659
Portici, conference at, xi 379
Port Jackson, Captain Phillip at, ix 737
Portland, naval battle off (1653), iv 436,
475, 478 sqq.
630
General Indeoc,
Portland, William Bentinck, 1st Earl of,
V 163 ; 167 ; 275 ; ambassador in France,
381 sq.; 397 ; 422 ; 655
William Henry Cavendish Bentinck,
3rd Duke of, vi 431 ; Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland, 458 sq., 500 sq.; 461; resigns,
462 sqq. ; and the Kegency Bill, 474 ;
supports Pitt, 476 ; 478 ; 501 ; vm 759 ;
Cabinet of, ix 299, 301, 439, 688; and
the Whig party, 673 sqq. ; and Catholic
emancipation, 678; Home Secretary, 697
sqq.
Bay, Sir Thomas Mitchell at, xi
792
Port Macquarie, xi 790 sq.
Mahon (Minorca), v 426; 444; vi
342a (in Vol. xm), 350; capitulates, 452
Natal, discovered by Da Gama (1497),
I 25 ; besieged by the Boers, xi 782
Porto, Francesco, Cretan scholar, ii 384
sq.
Bello, death of Drake near, in 322;
and Peruvian trade, v 684; vi 60; cap-
ture of, 72 ; 142 ; pestilence at, x 251,
255; fair of, 272, abolished, 274
Porto- Carrero, Cardinal, v 383 ; 392 sq.
Porto Ferraio, model naval port, in 385,
391, 398; Ganteaume's attempt on (1801),
IX 53 ; ceded to France, 75
Longone, fortified, ni 398
Novo, English victory at, vi 577
Praya, naval engagement off, vi 454
Eico, Drake beaten off, in 321 ; a
Spanish possession, v 687, xn 685, 696;
penal settlement, vi 186; 378; 380;
naval demonstration at (1898), vii 679;
expedition to, 680 sq.; ceded to United
States, 682 ; xn 655, 697 ; emancipation
in, 653; 656
San Stefano, Emperor Leopold II
retires to, xi 91
Seguro (Brazil), discovered by Cabral
(1499), I 35
Port Phillip, discovery of, ix 740 ; xi 790 ;
796
Eoyal (Nova Scotia) . S>ee Annapolis
Eoyal (S. Carolina), captured (1861),
vn 470, 552, 582
Port-Eoyal des Champs, Abbey of, iv 621 ;
Pascal and, 794 sq.; Cartesian philosophy
and, 790; 796; 798; convent of, v 83 sq.;
89
Port Eoyal Sound (South Carolina), French
Protestant colony at, i 60
Said, foundation of, xn 431
Santiago, British occupation of, xn
629
Portsmouth, rv 266 ; Buckingham murdered
at, 272; surrendered by Goring, 305, 308;
323 ; dockyard at, v 169 ; Whig plan to
seize, 225 ; corporation of, x 670 ; Treaty
of (1905), xn 357 ; 574 ; 600 sq.
Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of, v
205; 215
Port Sudan, harbour of, xii 449
Portugal
IV
VI xn
(2)
(3)
IX
21
xn
i The Age of Discovery, passim, 7-36
XV Spain under Philip II, passim,
499 sqq.
xxii Spain... under Philip III and IV,
passim, 623-65
XXV The transference of colonial power
to the United Provinces and
England, passim, 728-59
xiv The War of the Spanish Succession
and the Peace of Utrecht, pas-
sim, 401-59
xxii The Colonies and India, passim,
673-705
(1) Spain under Ferdinand VI
and Charles HI, passim,
361-84
Portugal (1750-93), 384-8
Brazil (17th and 18th cen-
turies), 389-92
The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), passim, 294-
340
XV The Peninsular War (1808-14),
428-82
xis The Congress of Vienna, I, passim,
576-615
X Brazil and Portugal, 310-39
XX The course of revolution in Spain
and Portugal (1845-71), 550-75
X The Iberian Peninsula (1871-1908) ,
269-72
XX The European Colonies, passim,
607-71
Porzio, Simon, Italian scholar, n 16
Posada Herrera, Juan, Spanish politician,
XI 663
Poschiavo, ceded to Bishop Hartmann, iv
36; 39; Spaniards expect attack from,
60
Posen, burning of Hussite preachers at, m
74; Protestant Synod at (1560-1), 81;
Jesuits in, 83, 102 ; seized by the
Swedes, v 605; 594 ; Eussians in, vi 291,
325; 326; 629; Prussia and, 708 sq.;
district of, ceded to Prussia (1793), viii
535; Treaty of (1806), ix 279; Davout
advances to, 281 ; Napoleon at, 284 ;
Murat at, 611 ; Eugene (Beauharnais)
evacuates (1813), 612; part of, ceded to
Prussia (1815), 655, x 445; withdrawn
from the Confederation, 349 ; created a
grand duchy, 353; Freemasons in, 453;
under Prussian rule, 462 sq. ; 473 ; Polish
conspiracy in, xi 46 ; Prussia and, 160 ;
163 ; rising in, 164 ; 192 ; 434 ; German
settlers in, xn 162
Posen, Archbishops of : —
Konarski, in 83
Latalski, in 77
Martin von Dunin, x 381; xi 50
Posse, Count Arvid, Swedish statesman,
XII 277
•' Possessing " Princes, The (Jiilich-Cleves),
in 642-3, 730-3
General Index,
631
Possevino, Antonio, Jesuit, n 631 ; sent as
Nuncio to mediate between Tsar Ivan IV
and Poland, iii 101; second mission to
Poland and Russia, 103; negotiates
Eusso-Polish treaty, v 494; 498
Possiette, Captain, at Nagasaki, xi 831
Post, The, American colonial, question of,
and War of Independence, vii 205 ;
English penny-post created, x 679 ;
Great Elector's system of, in Prussia,
VI 205
Postel, Guillaume, Syriac New Testament
and, I 604 ; the Protevangelium and, 613
Potagos, Papagiotis, African traveller, xn
811
Potchefstroom, Boer government at, xi 782 ;
Grondwet of, 785
Potemkin, Prince Gregori Alexandrovich,
Eussian statesman, vi 352 ; 674 sq.; and
Catharine n, 678 ; 696; and Frederick II,
708 ; 753 ; vm 293, 309, 314 ; at Oczakoff,
325 ; death of, 337 ; ix 34 ; 43
Potenza, Giovanni Francesco di. Nuncio to
Christian II, ii 607
political persecution in, xi 379
Potgieter, Andries Hendrik, Boer leader, xi
782
Pothier, Robert- Joseph, rs 162; 165
Poti, ceded to Russia (1829), x 202, 444,
XI 274
Potocki family, vi 200
Count Ignatius, vni 786
Count Nicholas, vi 197
Count Severin, x 430
Count Stanislaus, Polish Minister
of Education, x 452
Count Theodore, Polish statesman,
VI 193 sqq.; 197
Polish general, defeated by Wrangel
near Gurzno, iv 186
Count, and the Polish National
League (1891), xn 338
Count, Austrian President of the
Council (1870), xn 187; 192
Potomac river, reconnaissance on, vn 468 ;
Confederate batteries on, 469; Federal
troops on, 473 ; operations on (1862) ,
482, (1863), 490; Army of, 467 sq., 472,
480
Potosi, lawlessness in, v 681, x 250 sq. ;
decay of, 255, 259; the mita of, 264 sq.
Potsdam, Edict of (1685), v 646; 667; vi
215 ; the Due de Nivernais at, 335 ; 718 ;
Alexander I at (1805), ix 256, 308; Na-
poleon at, 281
Potter, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi
77
Louis de, Belgian politician, x 532;
537 sq.
Potteries, disturbances in the, xi 2
Pottinger, Major Eldred, at siege of Herat,
XI 732
Sir Henry, British Governor of
Hongkong, xi 807; 809 sq.; Asiatic
travels of, xn 800
Pouance, French Royalist chiefs at, ix 3
Pouilly, de, French historian, xn 817
Poulain, Nicholas, ni 42-3
Poulet, Sir Amias. See Paulet
Poupry, French repulse at, xi 605
PourtalSs, Count Albert, Prussian poli-
tician, XI 396
Count, German ambassador in St
Petersburg (1908), xn 378
Pourtal^s-Steiger, Count Louis August, xi
255
Poussielgue, Jean-Baptiste, Secretary of the
French Legation at Genoa, vin 595
Poussin, Nicolas, French painter, xi 528
Poutrincourt, Jean de Bienville, Sieur de,
in New France, vn 71, 75
Pouyer-Quertier, Augustin-Thomas, French
statesman, xi 470 ; xn 95
Povsinski, Bartolomeus, iv 170
Povyenets, state mines at, v 529
Powell, Mary, wife of John Milton, v 123
Power, Lord, in 596
Powerscourt, Castle of, m 583
Powhatan, Indian chief, vn 7
Powick Bridge, victory of Rupert at (1642),
IV 307
Powis, William Herbert, Ist Marquis of,
V 220
Powle, Henry, opposes Non-resisting Test,
V 216
Pownall, Thomas, Governor of Massachu-
setts, VII 98, 108
Poyer, John, dismissal of, rv 348
Poyet, Guillaume, Chancellor of France,
n 288
Poynings, Sir Adrian, m 3
Sir Edward, Deputy Lieutenant in
Ireland, i 472; 479; in 580
Acts, The, I 472; iv 515; 519; 528;
V 320; 690; considered and repealed in
fact, VI 458 sq.; 493; 499 sq.
Poyntz, Sydenham, Parliamentary general,
IV 329, 332; at Rowton Heath, 333
Pozharski, Dmitri, Prince, v 602
Pozsony. See Pressburg
Pozzo di Borgo, Charles Andr6, Count,
Corsican refugee, ix 283; in Paris, 558;
policy of, 586; x 15; 21; 47; 56; and
the reaction in Spain, 230; and the
Polish Patriotic Society, 454
Prado, Don Juan de, Governor of Havana,
VI 369
Pradt, Dominique Dufour de, Abb6, am-
bassador to Warsaw, ix 338; Chancellor
of Order of Legion of Honour, 568
Praemonstratensian Order, in Branden-
burg, V 619
Praemunire, in 556, 665
Praet, Louis de Flandre, Sieur de. Imperial
ambassador in England, n 424
Pratigau, The, Protestants of, rv 44, 47, 62 ;
55; revolt of, 56; 58
Praga, Polish Diet at, vi 195; in the hands
of the Poles, ix 354; ramparts of, re-
moved, X 449; 468
632
General Index,
Pragmatic Sanction, of Bourges (1438),
I 385 sqq., 671, ii 29; of 1516, i 671, n
32, 281; of St Louis (so-called), i 386; of
Charles V (1549), 459, n 102
Sanction, Austrian, of Charles VI,
Vol. VI, Chap, vm (1); 57; 139; 149 sq.;
152; 155; Augustus III of Poland and,
195; 228 sq.; 310
Prague, Ferdinand I crowned at, n 199;
ratification of Austro-Turkish treaty at
(1562), in 123; battle of, 569; "botanical
and zoological gardens at, 697 ; residence
of Rudolf II at, 701; Archdukes at,
719; advance of Archduke Matthias on,
725-6 ; meeting of Princes with Rudolf II
at (1610), 731; Rudolf II at, 733; riot in
(1611), 733; entry of Matthias into (1611),
734 ; death of Rudolf II at, 735 ; Scultetus
at, IV 6; 15; Christopher von Dohna at,
17; and Bohemian succession, 18 sqq.;
65; 66; 68; Anhalt's papers seized at,
71 : Catholic reaction in, 73 sq. ; 93; 200;
209; WaUenstein in, 101, 213, 215, 221,
223; 241 sq. ; 247; John George in, 252;
negotiations at, 255 ; 393 ; Emperor Fer-
dinand II and, 365; George William of
Brandenburg and, 366, 403; Bernard of
Weimar and, 376, 378; Calvinist Estates
to be admitted to, 379 sq. ; 384, 390, 395,
397, 400, 407, 409 sqq, ; Silesia and, 417;
VI 232; 234 sq, ; fall of (1743), 236; 241;
battle of, 257 sqq.; 283 sq. ; 341; semi-
nary at, 634 ; 721 ; Congress of, ix 288,
577, 583; revolutionary movement at, xi
153, 156; Metternich at, 154; 171; 176;
Slav Congress at, 177, xii 378; insur-
rection at, XI 177 sq.; 187; 203; 216;
Russian influence in, 653; University
of, XII 195
Peace of (1635), iv 144, 146, 243,
252, 364, V 637; (1866), xi 457, 461, 641,
576, XII 139, 290
Prague, Archbishops of: —
Anton Brus, in 147
Ernest Albert von Harrach, and the
Catholic reaction, iv 73
Lohelius, iv 15; banished, 21; re-
turns, 71
Praia, English mercenaries at, x 327
Praise of Folly, by Erasmus, ii 280
Prati, Giovanni, poet, x 126; xi 546 sq. ;
549
Pratica, the Florentine, and Savonarola's
reforms, i 159 sqq.
Prato, captured by Pope's forces (1512), i
199; VI 604; riot in, 605
S. Ricci, Bishop of. See Pistoia
Vecchio, Giovanni da. Finance Minis-
ter of the Medici, i 147
Pratt, Sir Charles. See Camden, 1st
Earl of
Pratteln, engagement at, xi 245
Pravo, Russian journal, xii 347
Prax-Paris, Joseph-Marie-Adrien, French
politician, xii 106
Prayer-Book, English, reformed uses, n 482
sq. ; Edward VI 's First Book of Common
Prayer, 484 sq.; Second Book of Common
Prayer, 608; Elizabeth's Book, 569 sqq.;
587 sqq.; revision of 1661, v 98 sq.
Prazmowski, Andrew, in 75
Pr6ameneu. See Bigot de Pr^ameneu
"Precedence," as system in Muscovite
State of 16th and 17th centuries, v 485
sq., 489
PrSciositS, in French 17th century life, v
73, 79 sq.
Precursore, Italian Liberal newspaper, x
127
Precursors, The, Irish society, xi 7
Pr^cy, Comte Louis F. Perrein de, French
general, viii 345, 351
Predestination, philosophy of, n 717
Pr^gent de Bidoux, French admiral, i 480,
483
Pregnani, Abb6, in London, v 203
Preititz, captured by Ney (1813), ix 519
Prendergast, Sir Harry N. D., general, in
Burma, xii 479
United States naval commander, xn
680 sq.
Prentiss, Benjamin Mayberry, American
general, vn 505
Prenzlau, Swedish capture of, vi 280 ; 287 ;
surrender of Hohenlohe at (1806), ix 279
Preobrazhenskoe, Peter the Great at, v 519
sqq., 524, 587
Presbyterianism, elements and beginnings
of, n 592 sqq. ; Calvin, Knox and, ib. ;
in England, under Elizabeth, in 340 sqq.;
political theory of, 743, 753 sqq. ; in
England in 1643-4, iv 318 sqq.; Chap.
XI, Presbyterians and Independents
(1645-9), 336-55; and Westminster As-
sembly, see Chap, xn passim, 356-63;
at accession of Charles II, v 96 sq., 101
sqq.; and Declaration of Indulgence of
1672, 207 ; opposed to toleration, 326 sqq.;
attitude of, generally, during Restoration
period, 329 sqq. ; in Scotland, at Restora-
tion, 279 sqq.; 290; William's recognition
and establishment of, 292 sqq.; in Ireland,
at Restoration, 304 sq. ; in Ulster, dis-
abilities of, VI 483. See also Noncon-
formists
Prescott, Robert, General, Governor of
Canada, ix 744
William Hickling, historian, vn 745;
xn 841
Presidi, The, vi 162 ; 155 ; ceded to Tuscany,
597
Presidiaiix, The, in France, n 96
Presles, College of, in 58
Prespa, Lake, xn 392
Press and printing, for Renaissance publica-
tions in general, classical, patristic and
other, see Vol. i. Chaps, xvi and xvn
passim ; great influence of, in this period,
684 sqq. ; in Canadian French colonies,
late establishment of, vn 102 sq.; in
General Index,
533
Denmark, under Struensee and later, vi
752, 756; English, Act of 1662, v 98;
freed from censorship, 271 sq. ; results of
this, under Anne, 467; question of the
freedom of, vi 444 ; prosecutions of 1817,
X 580; French, at opening of Eevolution,
vni 122 sq., 168 sq. ; copyright law in
age of Bevolution, 724 sq. ; under First
Empire, censorship of, ix 129 sq.; clerical,
190 ; liberty of, x 59 ; 73 ; legislation for
control of, 77; new Press Law of 1826
withdrawn, 89 sq. ; censorship re-estab-
lished, t&. ; under Napoleon III, xi 291
sq. ; statute of 1868 concerning, 487 sq. ;
the German, under Federal Act, x 347;
early Italian, at Venice, that of Aide
Manuzio and its great publications, i
661 sqq.; other Italian presses, i6. ; at
Bome, 566; and Vatican in 19th century,
XI 714; Japanese, influence of, xii 544,
647; in Kingdom of the Netherlands,
X 529 sqq.; Polish, censorship of, from
1820, 452; Prussian, freedom of, under
Frederick the Great, vi 713 ; Eussian, and
Peter the Great, v 529, 531; censorship
of, in 19th century, xi 267; outbreak
of journalistic activity under Alexander
n, 625; censorship of, 625 sq.; law
of 1865, xn 295; activity of censor-
ship of (1865-79), 300; 312; censorship
of, from 1882, 314 sqq. ; interval in
working of censorship (1904), 346; re-
newed activity of, 349; 353; Witte and,
361
Pressburg, Ferdinand I elected King of
Hungary at, ii 199; Alliance of (1608),
ra 721; iv 21; 31; Diet at (1620), 64;
Habsburgs and, v 339; 346 sq.; 352;
attacked by Tokolyi (1683), 361; 363;
Diet at (1687), 367; coronation at, vini
327, 335; Austrian retreat to, ix 257;
Archduke John retreats to (1809), 355;
King of Saxony at, 582, 599
Peace of (1491), i 344, 395; (1626),
IV 98; (1805), ix 261 sq., 341, 355
Presse, La^ French journal, x 499; xi
127
Prester John, i 8, 14
Preston, battle of (1648), iv 350 sqq., 607;
Jacobites at, vi 101; 102; 114; dis-
turbances at, XI 2
Thomas, and Irish rebellion, iv 625
sqq.; 530; at Dangan Hill, 531
Captain, at Boston, vii 154
Prestonpans, battle of, vi 113
Pretoria, xn 640; Lord Eoberts at, 643;
647
Convention, The, xn 637
Pretorius, Andries W. J., Boer leader, xi
782 sqq.
Marthinus Wessel, President of
Transvaal, xi 785; 788 sq.
Stephan, Lutheran divine, v 758
Preussische Jahrbiicher, xi 451
Preussisclies Wochenhlatt, xi 396
Prevesa, stormed by Tuscan squadron, m
399; captured by the Venetians (1684),
v 365 ; captured by Ali of Janina, x 176 ;
xn 403; bombarded, 421
Prevost, Augustine, Governor of East
Florida, vn 219
Sir George, Governor of Canada, vn
335, 338, 343; ix 746
Johann Baptist (Zambra), iv 46 sq.
J. M., Colonel, vn 219
Provost d'Exiles, Antoine-Fran^ois, French
Abb6, VI 824
Priboy, Austrian troops at, xn 396
Price, John, rv 659
Eichard, philosopher, vm 765 sq.,
764
Sterling, Confederate general, vn
460 sq.
Pride, Colonel Thomas, "Pride's Purge,"
IV 354
Prideaux, John, Brigadier-general, vn 187,
141
Prie, Madame de, vi 134 ; 143 sq.
Pri6, Marquis of, x 114
Priebus, Wallenstein obtains lordship of,
IV 103; Hadik and Laudon at, vi 292
Priepolye, Montenegro and, xn 392 ; 396
Prierias. See Mazzolini, Sylvester
Priesten, fighting at (1813), ix 528
Priestley, Joseph, philosopher, becomes
French citizen, vin 764; nominated for
Convention, 247 ; 755, 758, 765 ; influence
of, upon Bentham, x 595 ; 700 ; discovers
oxygen, xn 768
Prieur, Pierre-Louis {de la Marne), deputy
to National Convention, vm 249, 343, 375
Prieur- Duvernois, Claude- An toine {de la
Cote-d'Or), vm 249, 344, 380; and the
army, 426
Prikazy, machinery of central Eussian ad-
ministration, V 515 sq.
Prim, Juan, Count of Eeus, Marquis de los
Castillcjos, Spanish captain-general, x
242 ; XI 558 ; 563 ; in Moroccan cam-
paign, 564; in Mexico, 565 sq.; declines
office, 566; and O'Donnell, 566 sq.; plots
against dynasty, 566 sqq. ; escapes to
Portugal, 567; retires to Geneva, 568;
669 ; in search of successor to Isabel,
570 sq.; assassinated, 571; xn 259
Primo de Eivera, Fernando, Spanish
general, xn 265
Prina, Comte Joseph, rx 86
Prince, The, of Machiavelli, i 212 sq.
Prince Edward Island, French in, vii 112
sq.; government of, ix 746; ceded to
Britain (1763), x 685; xi 757; 770 sq.;
united to Canada, 776 ; industries of, xn
611
Prince Potemkin, Eussian warship, mutiny
on, XII 355
Principia Philosophiae, iv 779; 786; 793
Prinkipo, British fleet off, xn 390
Prinsterer, Gulielmus Groen van, Dutch
historian, xi 664; 666
634
General Index.
Prior, Matthew, in Paris, v 430; 467; vi
830
Pritchard, Benjamin D., American colonel,
vn543
George, consul at Tahiti, xi 35
Prittwitz, Karl L. W. E. von, Prussian
general, xi 158 sq.
Bittmeister, and Frederick the Great,
VI 324
Priuli, Girolamo, mission of, to France
(1620), IV 60
Luigi, n 379, 398
Lorenzo, ni 425, 428, 432
historian, i 285
Privas, surrender of (1629), iv 135
Privy Council, of Edward VI, composition
of, II 475 ; committee of, for Foreign
Affairs, set up (1625), iv 257; courts of
criminal jurisdiction of, 291; {see also for
criminal jurisdiction of, Star Chamber) ;
of 1660, V 93 ; action of, under Charles II,
Chap. V passim ; reorganised in com-
mittees (1668), 201; reorganisation of
1696 in regard to commerce and colonies,
264 ; constitution and powers of, under
William III, 272 ; 464 ; for later history
of, see England
Six {Heimliche Rath), in Zurich,
II 322
Prjevalsky, Nicolai, travels of, xii 798 sq.;
802 sq.
Probstheida, French at, ix 538
Proctor, Henry A., General, vii 339 sqq.
Vermont senator, vn 676
Prodol, Austrian repulse at, xi 453
Prokesch-Osten, Anton, Count von, x 552
Prokopovich, Theophan, Bishop of Pskoff.
See Pskoff
Proletaire, Le, French journal, xn 123
Proly, P. J. de, Member of Committee of
Insurrection, viii 265, 342
Prome, British occupation of, xi 728 ; 742
Pronchisheff, Kussian explorer, xn 795
Prondzynski, Ignaz, Polish officer, x 468 ;
470 sq.
Pronis, coloniser of Madagascar, v 702
Prony, G.-C.-F.-M. Kiche de, Director of
School of Bridges, etc., ix 120
Propertius, Sextus Aurelius, xi 422
Prossnitz, Prussian army at, vi 278
Protectorate, The, of Oliver Cromwell, Vol.
IV, Chap. XV, 434-58, Chap, xvi, 459-85,
511 sq., 533 sqq.
Protest against decisions of Diet of Speier
(1529) , II 204 ; Signatories of, 205 ; 330
Protot, French politician, xi 502 sq.
Proudhon, Pierre- Joseph, French socialist,
XI 24; 99; 110; 114; 300; 304; 474 sq.;
funeral of, 478
Prouninck, Gerard (Deventer), in 620 sqq.
Proust, Louis-Joseph, French chemist, ix
376
Prout, William, chemist, xn 770
Provana, Andrea, Lord of Leyni, in 401,
410, 412-3
Provence, invaded by Charles V (1536), n
71 ; Epernon appointed governor of , m 40 ;
Savoy's designs on, 415-6, 437, 510 ; the
League in, 661-3 ; taxation of, rv 153 ;
600 sq.; 606; 613; Cond6 claims, 614;
pacified, 620 ; Estates of, v 4, vni 129 ;
invaded by Prince Eugene (1707), v 418
sq.; VI 159; 350; invasion of (1746), 362;
Fouch6 banished to, ix 371
Comte de. See Louis XVIII
Pro vera, Giovanni, Marquis de. General,
vin 557, 566, 580, 636
Providence (Bahamas), relinquished by
Spain, VI 464
(Ehode Island), settlement of, vn
19 sq., 24; occupied by the Americans,
218
Lake, and canal project, vn 503
Plantations (Providence, Portsmouth
and Newport), incorporated, vn 24; trade
of, VI 447
Providien, naval engagement off, vi 454
Provincia Cisplatina, x 316
Provincial Assemblies, The, Turgot and,
vni 86; Necker and, 91, 94; instituted
(1787), 102, 109 sq.; 209
Prozorovski, Bussian commander, in Turkey,
1x485
Prudhomme, Louis-Marie, French writer,
vni 251
Prussia
v xiv The War of the Spanish Succession
and the Peace of Utrecht, passim,
401-59
xix The Great Northern War, passim,
584-615
XX The Origins of the Kingdom of
Prussia, 616-38
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian king, 639-72
VI viii The War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, 201-50
ix The Seven Years' War, 251-300
X Kussia under Anne and Elizabeth,
passim, 301-28
xi The reversal of Alliances and the
Family Compact, passim, 329-60
xiii Great Britain (1756[-63]), ^jassiw.
393-428
xix Catharine II (of Eussia), passim,
657-701
XX Frederick the Great and his suc-
cessor
(1) Home and foreign policy
(1763-97), 702-28
(2) Poland and Prussia (1763-
91), 729-34
vni xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim, 306-
37
xiv The General War, passim, 398-446
xvii The extinction of Poland (1788-
97), 521-52
xxi The Second Coalition, passim,
633-64
General Index.
635
Prussia {contd.)
IX ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
'passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, n (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), passim, 294-340
xvii The War of Liberation (1813-4),
506-54
xix The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-5) ,
passim, 576-602
XX The Hundred Days (1815) , passim,
616-45
xxi The Congress of Vienna, 11 (1815),
passim, 646-71
X i The Congresses (1815-22), passi7»,
1-39
xi The Germanic Federation (1815-
40), passim, 340-82
xiv Poland and the Polish Eevolution,
passim, 445-74
xxiii Economic Change, passim, 727-
62
XI iii Liberalism and Nationality in Ger-
many and Austria (1840-8), pas-
sim, 43-64
vi The Eevolution and the Eeaction
in Germany and Austria, I
(1848-9), passim, 142-201
vii The Eevolution and the Eeaction
in Germany and Austria, 11,
passim, 202-33
XV Austria, Prussia, and the Germanic
Confederation
(1) B-eaction and Eeorganisation
(1852-62), 393-410
(2) German Literature (1840-70),
411-20
xvi Bismarck and German Unity, 432-
66
xxi The Franco-German War (1870-1) ,
576-612
xn vi The German Empire, passim, 184-
73
[See also, especially after 1871,
Germany]
Prussia, East, creation of duchy of, i 293,
II 169; in 74 sq.; the Eeformation in,
153 ; IV 185 ; and compact of Stuhmsdorf ,
366 ; Great Elector and, 581 ; Treaty of
Konigsberg and, 582 sq.; Treaty of Oliva
and, 590 ; vi 217 sq. ; immigration to,
219; 220 sq.; 225 ; troops in, 256 ; Eussians
in, 264; 266; 277; Frederick the Great
and, 294, 300; 297 sq.; Eussian troops
in, 322; 716; 729; 732; revolutionary
movement in, xi 157
West or Polish, surrendered to Poland
(1466), I 293; m 87; and Gustavus Adol-
phus, IV 185; and Great Elector, 428 sq.,
433; and Charles X, 580 sqq.; Treaty of
Oliva and, 590 ; Frederick II and, vi 251 ;
277; 291; taxation in, 712 ; 716; 729 sq.;
733; vm522; annexed by Prussia (1775),
Prussia, Duke of.
Margrave of
Dukes of.
Electors of
Albert of
Grand Master
Duke of,
of Order
See Brandenburg, Albert,
See also Brandenburg,
Brandenburg(-Ansbach) ,
of Teutonic Order, 1st
II 162 ; secularises possessions
169, 635; 198; and Christian
III of Denmark, 230, 611 ; 239 ; 262 ; 270 ;
671; III 73 sqq. ; and Osiander, 153 sq.;
V 625 sq. ; 635 sq.
Albert Frederick, Duke of, ni 716 ;
IV 25; V 636 sqq.
John Sigismund, Duke of. See
Brandenburg, John Sigismund, Elector
of
Dorothea, Duchess of, v 635
Maria Eleonora of Jiilich-Cleves,
Duchess of, in 716, 729; v 636
Prince Henry of, rx 327
Prince William of (son of Frederick
William JI), appeals to Napoleon, ix 307;
at Erfurt, 318 ; proposed as Governor of
Saxony, 594
Prince of. See William I, German
Emperor
Prussian Academy of Sciences, xii 821
Pruth, river, campaign of (1711), T
604 sq.
Prutz, Eobert Ernst, German writer, xi 50
Pruyn, American Consul-General in Japan,
XI 842
Prynne, William, iv 273 ; 278 ; punishment
of, 279 sq.; release of, 291; and Parlia-
ment, 549, 553 ; Eestoration and, 554 ;
the Histriomastix, v 128; writings of,
VI 813
Przeglad Polski (Polish review), xi 660
Przemysl, ecclesiastical seminary of, x 462
Peter, Bishop of, m 77-8
PskolBF, besieged by Stephen Bathory (1581),
ni 101, V 494 ; progress of Swedes arrested
at, IV 180 ; annexed to Eussia, v 478 sqq.;
State of, 484 ; 500 ; 590 ; EumyantsefE's
army at, vi 773
Theophan Prokopovich, Bishop of,
V 536
Psychical Eesearch Society, founded, xn
775
Ptolemy, astronomer, v 707 sq.; xn 812
Public Advertiser, vi 441 ; 444 ; 493 ; 495
Public Weal, the French and Burgundian,
League of, i 389; War of, 396 sq.
Publicius, Jacob, German humanist, n 111
Pucci, Antonio, Cardinal, ii 30, 413
Giannozzo (Medicean partisan), 1 175
Lorenzo, Cardinal, n 413
Puchheim, Imperial general, defeats Ea-
k6czy, IV 389
Puchmajer, Antonin, Cech poet, xi 653
Puchner, Baron Anton von, Austrian
general, xi 206
P'uchiin, Chinese heir-apparent, xn 518
Puebla, captured by Scott (1847), vn 396;
taken by the French, xi 476
636
General Index.
Puerto de Santa Maria, revolutionaries at,
X 215 sq.
Real, Spanish ships destroyed at, m
325
Putter, Johann Stephan, German historian,
XII 817
Pufendorf, Samuel, German historian and
publicist, V 648; 655; 670
Pugacheff, Yemelian, insurrection of (against
Catharine II), v 505; vi 674; 680 sq.;
689 ; 701 ; vin 784 ; xi 263
Puget, Captain, and Brest, ix 217
Pugin, Augustus W. N., English architect,
XI 355
Puglia, Francesco da. See Francesco da
Puglia
Puig Molt6, Antonio, Spanish officer, xi 563
Puisaye, Comte Joseph - Genevieve de,
Chouan leader, vin 379, 391 ; and
Quiberon expedition, 472
Puisieux, Pierre Brulart, Marquis de, iv
127 sq.
Pularoon, English and Dutch claims in,
V 108; 112; 149; 151; 179; retained
by Dutch, 189
Pulci, Luigi, III 458, 460-1
Pulgar, Hernando del. See Del Pulgar
Pulicat, English and Dutch and, iv 737, 743
Pulli, Spanish brigand, xii 259
Pulo Run, IV 736; Treaty of Breda and,
740
Pulo-condore, islands of, ceded to France,
XII 524
Pulszky, Ferencz Aurel, Hungarian leader,
XI 188 ; 204 ; 214
Pulteney, William. See Bath, Earl of
Pultusk, the Jesuits installed at, iii 83 ;
Swedish victory at (1703), v 592 ; Russian
army at, ix 284 ; 290
Punitz, battle at (1704), v 593
Punjab, The, Emperor Babar in, vi 509;
510 sqq.; invaded by Sikhs, 523; Persian
invasion of, 524 ; and Maratha con-
federacy, IX 725; XI 724; 727; 731 sq.;
annexation of, 742; 744; 751; and
north-west frontier, xn 458; 474; 480;
and north-west frontier districts, 489 sq.;
agrarian reform in, 493
Punniar, engagement at, xi 738
Punta del Rey, Dutch trade with, ni 633
Punto Obligado, fort of, xn 681
Pupper, John (of Goch), German theologian,
I 437, 626, 652
Purandhar, Treaty of, vi 575
Purishk^vich, and the third Duma, xii 375
Puritanism, Iseginnings of, and Vestiarian
Controversy, ii 590 sqq.; John Knox and,
ib. ; English Church and, 597 ; under
Elizabeth, in 340 sqq.; under James I,
653 sq.; and 16th century political
thought, 755; and Laud, iv 278 sqq.;
becomes Nonconformist, v 99 ; and New
England, vii 11, 17. See also Noncon-
formists
Pusey, Edward Bouverie, xi 349 ; 711
Pushkin, Alexander, Russian poet, x 431;
XI 262; 648 sq.
Puteo, Jacopo, legate at the Council of
Trent, n 676
Putiatin, Count, Russian admiral, in China,
XI 816 ; in Japan, 828, 830 ; 839
Putiloff factory, strike at, xii 349
Putiloff, Russian general, in the Russo-
Japanese War, xn 593 sq.
Putivl, rebellion at, v 500
Putte, Francis van de, Dutch Colonial
Minister, xi 666; 668
Puttkamer, Robert Victor von, German
statesman, xn 163
Puy-de-Dome, experiment of the, iv 794
Puyrred6n, Juan Martin, x 301
Puys^gur, L. P. de Chastenet, Comte de,
Secretary for War, vin 163
PyasLna river, exploration on, xn 795
Pyat, F^lix, French politician, xi 99 ; 114 ;
502
Pyatig6rsk, rising in, xn 363
Pyeshkoff, removed from Kharkoff, xn 376
Pyhajoggi, Pass of, v 588
Pym, John, iii 574 ; Petition of Right and,
IV 270 ; in the Short Parliament, 284 sqq.;
287 sq.; 289 sqq.; Root-and-Branch peti-
tion and, 292 ; Ten Propositions carried
by, 293; 294 sq.; impeached, 297 sq.;
299 ; 305 ; taxation and, 311 ; 314 ; 316 ;
death and character of, 318 ; 319 ; Eng-
lish West India Company and, 758
Pyramids, battle of the, vin 602 sq.
Pyrenees, The, timber trade of, v 12 ; Peace
of (1659), IV 157, 432 sq., 541, v 33 sq.,
105, 373, 446, provisions of, iv 620, 660
Quadra, Alvaro de la, Bishop of Aquila.
See Aquila
Quadrilateral, The, Austrian army in, xi
82, 84 sq.
Quadruple Alliance, of 1666, v 37, 109;
of 1718, VI 30 sqq., 124; of 1834, x 234,
336
Quaelly (Keely), Malachias, Archbishop of
Tuam, killed at Sligo, iv 529
Quakers (Society of Friends), v 101 sqq.;
and Declaration of Indulgence of 1672,
207; and Second Declaration of Indul-
gence, 238; and principle of toleration,
327; and Labadism, 756 sq.; Indemnity
Acts and, vi 44 ; in New England, vii 24
sqq., 57; in Pennsylvania, 49; and the
Indians, 100. See also Nonconformists
Quam Memoranda, Bull of Pius VII, ix 401
Quanta Cura, Papal Encyclical of 1864,
XI 712 sqq.
Quarantotti, Cardinal, Vice-Prefect of the
Propaganda, x 141; and Ireland, 635
Quarterly Review, The, ix 687; x 716; xi
362
Quatre-Bras, battle of (1815), ix 626 sqq.
Quatrem^re de Quincy, Antoine-Chrysos-
tome, IX 133
General Index.
637
Quebec, fort erected at, v 684, vu 71;
surrender of (1629), 74; 76 sq. ; 81;
attacked by Phipps (1690), 90; 94;
government of, 117; capture of (1759),
VI 342, 342a sqq. (in Vol. xiii), 415,
vn 136 sqq. ; province of, extended, vi
446; government of, 476; Montgomery's
expedition against (1775), vn 170 sq. ;
affairs in, ix 742 sqq. ; boundaries of
province of, x 685; French and English
in, 688; Confederation Convention at,
XI 769 sqq.; 771; 774; 777; xn 604;
606 sq. ; French population of, 611; in-
dustries of, 612; 614
Act, The (1774), ix 743, x 686
Quedlinburg, abbey of, v 668
Queen Adelaide, South African province of,
XI 780; 786
Queensberry, James Douglas, 2nd Duke of,
v 298 sq. ; vi 93
William Douglas, 1st Duke of, v 289
Queen's Colleges, Ireland, established, xi 9
Queensland, xi 761; founding of, 795;
population of, 796, 799; separated from
New South Wales, 798; 801; develop-
ment and progress of, xn 619 sqq. ; con-
stitution of, 632; 666
Queenstown (Niagara), van Bensselaer
attacks (1812), vn 338
Queen's University, in Ireland, xn 71, 75
Quercy, peasants' rising in, in 664
Querdes, Des. See Crevecoeur
Qu^rel, police agent, ix 29
Queretaro, death of Emperor Maximilian
at, XI 483
Querini, Venetian ambassador, vin 592
Querno, Camillo, n 18
Quesnay, Francois, viii 21 sqq. ; teachings
of, IX 362 ; Adam Smith and, x 763, 766,
769; 770
Quesnel, Pasquier, Reflexions, v 89 sq. ;
X 157
Quesnoy, captured by Prince Eugene ^712K
V 433, recovered, 434 ; surrendered (1793),
VIII 431; recaptured (1794), 436
Questenberg, Gerhard von. Imperial am-
bassador, IV 210 ; 238 sq.
Questions of Life, Eussian journal, xn 333
Quetta, British occupation of, xn 460, 467;
470; 489
Quevedo, Francisco Gomez de, factotum of
Osuna, IV 632 ; literary skill of, 633
Quiberon, expedition to (1795), vni 391,
471 sq.
Bay, the battle of, vi 342c sq. (in
Vol. xin)
Quietism, in France, v 88; 761. See also
Quakers, etc.
Quignon, Cardinal, reformed Breviary of,
n 484
Quilimane, Livingstone at, xn 808
Quincy, Josiah, American lawyer, vii 154
Quinet, Edgar, and Napoleon, ix 758; x
102; 481; 492; xi 34; 36; xn 833
Quinipiac river, settlement at, vn 20
Quintana, Juan de, ii 411
Manuel Jose, Spanish poet, vm 783
Quintanghona, French slaver seized at, xi
574
Quiroga, Antonio, Spanish revolutionary
officer, X 216 sq.
Father, Capuchin diplomatist,
Wallenstein and, iv 239
Spanish Index of prohibited books
of, n 687
Quito, V 679; 683; government of, x 248;
insurrection in, 258 ; languages in, 261 ;
revolutionary movement in (1809), 284,
286; royalists in, 290; 294 sq. ; and
republic of Ecuador (1830), 296
Quitzow, family of, v 622
Quod nunquam, Bull of Pius IX, xii 149
Quosdanovich, Peter Vitus von, Austrian
general in Italy, vm 574 sq.
Quotidienne, The, x 80; 94
Eaab, Turkish fugitives at, v 362, 363;
Austrians attack (1809), ix 355, 396;
captured by Austrians (1849), xi 210
river, battle on (1664), v 347 sq.
Eaabe, Wilhelm, German novelist, xi 417 ;
419 sq.
Eabago, Jesuit, confessor of Ferdinand VI,
VI 361 ; 364
Eabah, Zobeir, defeat of, xn 130
Eabaut de Saint-Etienne, J. -P., vni 21,
183; on Commission de Douze, 272;
executed (1793), 357
Eabelais, Frangois, the Gargantua, n 287;
690, 710 sq. ; in 460
Eabenhaupt, Karel, Baron de Sucha, v 160
Eabutin, Frangois de, French historian,
ni 64
Austrian ambassador in Eussia
(1726), V 552
Eaby, Lord. See Strafford, 3rd Earl of
Eacan, Honorat de Bueil, Marquis de,
French poet, v 69
Eacconigi, Count Bernardino de, m 403,
412-3
Eachol, Portuguese conquest of (1791), ix
718
Eacine, Jean, v 65; 68; 125; vi 831
Eacova, Turkish defeat at (1475), i 83
Eaczynski, Count, at Diet of Posen, x 463
Eadak, Prince, of Bosnia, i 73
Eadcliffe, Ann, novelist, vi 832; x 698;
716; 718; 725
Eadetzky, Johann J. W. A. F. Karl, Count
von Eadetz, Austrian field-marshal, at
Congress of Vienna, ix 583
Count Joseph, Austrian field-
marshal, X 357; XI 68; in Italy, 71;
retreats from Milan, 81 sq. ; 84; and
Italian War, 85 sqq.; at Novara, 93;
170; 182; 187; 189; 208 sq.; 357; con-
ference of, with King Victor Emmanuel,
366 ; 374 ; rule of, in Lombardo-Venetia.
376 sq.
Eussian general, xn 389
538
General Index,
Eadevynszoon, Florentius, establishes fra-
ternity at Deventer, i 434 sq., 627
Eadishcheff, Alexander Nikolaevich, Journey
from St Petersburg to Moscow, \i 690 ; 699 ;
Ode to Liberty, vm 785
Eadnor, Sir John Kobartes, Ist Earl of
(Lord Eobartes), v 93; 101; 305
Eadolt, Erhardt, Venetian printer, i 284
Eadom, Confederation of, vi 667; Polish
troops posted near, ix 354
Eadowitz, Joseph Maria von, Prussian
statesman, xi 48 ; 50 sq. ; ambassador at
Carlsruhe, 60; and German national
movement, 63 sq. ; 144; at Vienna, 153;
160 ; 165 ; Frederick William IV and, 191 ;
character of, 220; and Dreikonigsbilnd-
niss, ib.; and Germanic Confederation,
222 sqq. ; and dispute with Austria, 228
sqq.; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 229;
resigns, 230; mission of, to England, ib.;
and Switzerland, 252; 396
Eadstadt, siege of (1526), n 190 sq.
Eadu, Prince of Wallachia, i 83
Eadziejowice, Calvinistic community at,
III 75
Eadziejowski, Cardinal. See Gnesen, Arch-
bishops of
Polish exile, iv 581
Eadzivil (Eadziwill), Anton Henry, Prince
von, Governor of Posen, x 353; 463
Barbara, Queen of Poland, consort
of Sigismund II, iii 76, 78, 82
Prince Bogislav, in Lithuania, iv
580; in Poland, 581
Prince Christopher II, iv 183 ; com-
mands Polish army, 185
Prince Michael (Black Eadziwill),
ni 76, 82
Michael, Prince, Polish commander-
in-chief, X 469 sq. ; xi 277
Eaemond, Florimond de, ii 296
Eaziins, Catholic forces at, iv 51 sq. ; 55
Eaffaelle Sanzio, of Urbino, i 143; made
Inspector-General of Antiquities at Eome,
548 ; II 4 ; the Camera delta Segnatura,
6 sqq.; portraits of Leo X and of Clement
VII by, 12 sqq., 22; 18; 28; in 439
Eaffet, Denis- Auguste-Marie, x 489; xi 24
Eaffles Bay, xi 790
Baffles, Sir Thomas Stamford, Governor of
Java, IX 754; xi 668
Eaffron du Trouillet, Nicolas, French
deputy, VIII 247
Raggi, secret society, in Bologna, x 111
Bagkaves, Alexander, Greek delegate at
Berlin, xii 395
Eaglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset,
Lord, envoy in Spain, x 226; in com-
mand in the Crimea, xi 317 sq. ; 322
Eagnone, Lattanzio, Italian Eeformer, ii 390
Eagusa, seized by Napoleon (1806), ix 269;
271; French occupation of, 306; 418
Duke of. See Marmont
Eaievskii, Eussian officer, and invasion of
1812, IX 492 sq.
Eaiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm, and co-opera-
tive banks, xii 742
Eaimondi, Marcantonio, engraver, n 28
Eain, battle near (1632), rv 214; 219
Eainalaiarivony, Madagascar Minister, ra
131
Eainaldus, Annales Ecclesiastici, m 444
Eainborow, Thomas, Vice-Admiral, iv 347
William, at Sallee, iv 482
Eainer, Archduke of Austria, xi 405
Baja, The, m 129
Eajput clans, vi 508 sq.; 512; 523; 525
Eajputana, Dara Shekoh in, vi 519 ; famine
in, xn 486
Eak6czy, House of, v 339
Princes of Transylvania. See Tran-
sylvania
Eakonitz, iv 65; WaUenstein and Arnim
at, 213, 215
Ealamb, Erik, iv 178
Balegh, Sir Walter, settlers of, m 302;
expedition to Cadiz and, 323 ; 376 ; 521 ;
James I and, 561 sq. ; 600 ; 633 ; second
expedition of, to Guiana, iv 754 ; execu-
tion of, 755; VI 65; and American
colonisation, vn 2 sq.
Ealeigh (N. Carolina), "regulators" at,
VII 145; surrender of Johnston at, 452;
Sherman's march to, 528, 530
Balph Roister Doister, by Nicholas Udall,
III 366, 371
Eamainvilliers, commander of the guard of
the Tuileries, viii 229 sq.
Eambaud, Alfred Nicolas, French historian,
XII 845
Eambeaud, French officer, at Acre, viii
612
Eambouillet, Louis XV at, vi 164; Decree
(1810), VII 332
Hotel de, iv 156
Eamel, Jean-Pierre, French general, vni
505 sq., 509; transported, 512; assas-
sinated, X 46
de Nogaret. See Nogaret, Jacques
Eamel de
Eamezay, Claude de, Governor of Quebec,
VII 141
Eamillies, battle of (1706), v 415 sq., 668,
VI 91
Eammekens, demanded by Elizabeth, iii
619; Dutch force assembled at, iv 698
Eamnagar, battle at, xi 741
Eamond de Carbonnieres, Louis F. E.,
Baron, viii 213
Eamorino, Italian rebel leader, attempts
invasion of Savoy, x 122; at Novara,
XI 366 sq.
Eampolla, Mariano, Marquis del Tindaro,
Cardinal, xii 225
Eampon, Comte Antoine Guillaume, French
general, vni 565
Eampura, capture of (1804), ix 727
Eamsay, Allan, poet, x 701
James, Bishop of Eoss, vi 94
Sir James, at Hanau, iv 370 sq.
General Index,
539
Eamsay, Sir William, xii 770; 790
William Mitchell, xii 847
Kamu, British repulse at, xi 727
Ramus. See La Eamde, Pierre de
Eana Sanga, of Udaipur, vi 509 sq.
Banc, Arthur, French politician, xi 502
Banc^, Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de.
Abbot of La Trappe, v 262 sq.
Band, The, National Union organised on,
XII 640
Bandall, Samuel Jackson, leader of the
Protectionist Democrats, vn 651
Bandolph, Edmund, Virginian deputy at
Constitutional Convention (1787), Vol.
vn, Chap, vin passim
Colonel Edward, in 591
Edward, special commissioner to
New England, vii 28
G. W., Confederate Secretary of
War, VII 605
Sir Thomas, English ambassador in
Scotland, ii 579 sq. ; sent to France, in
30
Bandon, Count Jacques-Louis-Cdsar-Alex-
andre. Marshal of France, xi 135
Eangone, Giulia, Countess, n 384
Rangoni, Papal Nuncio at Moscow, v 498
Eangoon, xi 728; captured, 742
Banjit Singh, relations of, with British, ix
730; XI 731; 732; 736; death of, 738
Banke, Leopold von, n 7; v 373; 384;
639; 662; vi 227; 732; x 374; founds
Historisch-politische Zeitschrift, 376 ; 404 ;
xn 135 ; work and influence of, 824 sqq. ;
843 sq.
Bankine, William John Macquom, and the
theory of heat, xii 784
Bantzau, Count Christoph von, converts
John Frederick of Hanover, , v 744
Daniel, in Smaland and Ostergotland,
IV 164; 179
Johann, general of Christian III, n
230, 615
Josias, Comte de. Marshal of France,
IV 388; imprisoned, 611
Bantzau- Ascheberg, Count Schack Charles,
VI 744 sq. ; recalled, 746; 749 sqq.
Banvier, French politician, xi 502
Eaoul-Duval, Charles-Edmond, French poli-
tician, XII 108
Bapallo, victory of French at (1494), 1 112;
defeat of the French at (1495), 117
Bapidan, river. Confederate and Federal
armies on (1863), vn 491, 515
Eapinat, Commissary in Switzerland under
the Directory, vra 518, 640, 670
Eapp, Comte Jean de, French general, ix
100 ; commands Army of the Ehine, 624 ;
in Strassburg, 645
Bappahannock river, Bumside advances
from, vn 483; Confederate and Federal
armies on (1863-4), 514
Easboieni, victory of Turks at (1476), i 84
Eascia, town of, xn 401
lien. See Vilain
Basin, Sezyma, and Wallenstein, iv 206,
233
Eask, Easmus Kristian, philologer, xi 699;
Icelandic Grammar, xn 822
Raskolniki, The, Eussian schismatics, v
509 sqq.; in Altai mountains, xn 794
Baslawice, victory of Kosciusko at, viii 542
Easpail, Francois- Vincent, x 491; 499; xi
105; 108; 117
Eassam, Hormuzd, imprisoned by King
Theodore, xi 753
Eastatt, Peace of (1714), v 435 sq., 447,
449, 452 sq., vi 614; Congress of (1797),
vin 519, 592 sq., G34, 641 sq., 644, ix
39, 95, 577; murder of French envoys
at, vin 655; xi 50; 219; surrender of,
221
Eastell, William, n 601
Eastoul, French politician, xi 502
Easul, Sikh force at, xi 741
Easumovski, Prince Andreas, Eussian re-
presentative, refused admittance at
Eastatt, IX 39; at Congress of Vienna,
586
Easzyn, Poles defeated at (1809), ix 354
Eathbone, Major H. B., vn 545
Eathenow, Swedes expelled from, v 651
Eathlou, Joachim Otto Schack, Danish
statesman, vi 751
Eathmines, Ormonde defeated at (1649), iv
533
Eatibor, duchy of, rv 75; 98
Batisbon, meeting of Catholic princes at
(1524), II 172, 326; becomes Lutheran,
238 ; Catholic League at, iv 12 ; 82
sqq.; 91; Kurfiirstentag at (1630), 110,
114-7, 138, 141, 150, 197, 679 sq. ; Tilly
at, 198; 213; 217; Bernard of Weimar
in, 231 sq., 235, 237 sq.; 242 sq.;
capitulation of, to Ferdinand of Hungary,
244; 246; Bavaria and, v 52, 407; Truce
of (1684), 49 sqq., 56, 61, 653; vi 237;
and France, 247; Dalberg transferred to
see of, IX 94, 202; granted to Bavaria,
269 ; French army approaches, 347 ;
campaign at (1809), 348-50; 359; part
of Dalberg' s principality, 414
Diet of (1532), n 218, m 107; Diet
or Eeligious Conference of (1541), n 33,
75, 240, 645, 650, 660; (1546), 80, 253;
(1556-7), ni 162; (1576), 177, 180-1;
(1593), 713 sq.; (1597), 715; (1603), 718;
(1608), 724; summoned by Eudolf (1611),
735; (1640), iv 384 sq., 397 sq. ; (1653 ,
415, 426; (1664), v 347; (1675), 651, 743;
(1713), 451; (1801), ix 92 sqq.
Frederick of Niirnberg, Bishop of,
I 669
Philip, Bishop of, in 161
Batmiroff, and plot against Nicholas II,
xn 373
Batona, death of Mansfeld at, iv 98
Eattazzi, Urbano, Italian statesman, xi 366;
370 sq. ; Keeper of the Seals, 372 ; 386 sq.;
the laws of, adopted, 629; Ministry of,
640
General Index,
532 sqq. ; and Garibaldi, 533; resignation
of, 535 ; confiscates church property, 542 ;
and religious Orders, 708 ; xu 213 ; death
of, 214
Batzeburg, bishopric of, rv 112; ceded to
Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 408
Eatzel, Friedrich, German anthropologist,
xn 850
Eauch, Friedrich Wilhelm von, Prussian
adjutant-general, xi 191; 199
Raucourt, Franpoise Clairien, alias Saucer-
otte, alias Raucourt, actress, ix 572
Raule, Benjamin, and Brandenburg navy,
V 646 sq.
■ Jacob, and Brandenburg navy, v
647
Raumer, Friedrich L. G. von, historian,
xn 824
Karl Otto von, Prussian Minister of
Education, xi 395
Rauscher, Joseph Othmar von, Austrian
cardinal, xi 398; 401
Ravachol, French anarchist, xn 125
Ravaillac, Frangois, iii 648, 690; iv 624 sq.
Ravardiere, La. See La Ravardi^re
Ravenna, victory of French at (1512), i 137,
198, 250, 365, 479; occupied by Venice,
281, 287; Inquisition at, x 134; Cardinal
Riverola at, 152 ; 155 sq.
Ravensburg, and Treaty of Cleves, rv 409;
the Great Elector and, v 645
Ravenstein, Adolf (of Cleves) zum, i 439,
441, 449 sqq.
Philip (of Cleves) zum, i 441, 448
sqq., 454
Ravez, Simon, President of Chamber of
Deputies, x 57; 68; 91; 94
Ravina, Amedeo, Canti Italici, x 126
Rawa, Peter the Great at, v 526
Rawal Pindi, Sikhs surrender at, xi 742;
the Amir at, xn 478
Rawdon, Sir Arthur, at Dromore, v 307
Lord. See Hastings
Rawitz, Charles XII at, v 593
Rawka, Polish defeat at, vni 546
Rawling, Cecil Godfrey, in Tibet, xn 804
Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke, xn 460;
801; 845
Ray, John, naturalist, v 734 sqq.
Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Lord, xn
770
Raymond, McPherson occupies (1863), vn
504
George, in the East, iv 729
Michel-Joachim-Marie, French gene-
ral, and Maratha War, ix 720 sqq.
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas Francois, French
historian, vn 93, 96; vni 26 sq.
Rayneval, Alphonse Gerard de, French
diplomatist, xi 121 sq.; 126; Minister for
Foreign Affairs, 129
Comte Frangois-M. Gerard de, x 74
Joseph-Matthias Gerard de, French
diplomatist, vi 380; 461
Raynouard, Fran9ois-Juste-Marie, xn 829
Ray6n, Ignacio Lopez, x 303
Razilly, Claude Delaunay de. Governor of
Acadia, vn 110 sq.
Razin, Stenka, Cossack leader, v 505
Razumoffsky, Count Alexis, husband of
Tsarina Elizabeth, vi 311
R^, Isle of, Buckingham's expedition to,
IV 132, 266 sq.; victory of Vend6me off
(1652), 617
Reaal, Laurens, Governor of Dutch East
Indies, iv 720; Courthope and, 736
Reaction, The, after the French Revolution,
Vol. X passim
Read, George, American statesman, vn 246,
252, 258
Reade, Charles, writings of, xi 359
Reading, Charles I at, iv 308 sq.; taken by
Essex (1643), 312; 315; 324
Reagan, John Henninger, Confederate Post-
master-General, VII 543, 605
R^al, Comte Pierre Franpois, vm 677 sq.;
IX 29; 32, 151
Rebecqui, Franpois-Trophime, French de-
puty, vm 249, 250, 340, 357
Rebmann, missionary at Mombasa, xn
809
Recalde, Juan Martinez de, ni 298; 307;
312
R^camier, Mme Jeanne-Franpoise-J.-A.-B.,
IX 24; 131; X 101; 514
failure of firm of, ix 171
Rechberg, Count Johann Bernard, Austrian
statesman, xi 403; 436; and Schleswig-
Holstein, 437, 439 sqq. ; fall of, 444
Reciff, the Dutch and, iv 750 sq., vi 389;
de With defeated at (1648), iv 753; lost
by Dutch (1654), v 146, 675; 678
R^collets, The Franciscan, in New France,
vn 72, 77
R^csey von Rdcse, Baron Adam, Hungarian
general, xi 185
Recurt, Adrien, French Minister of Interior,
XI 113; 118
Red Book of Sweden (Roda Boken), n 630,
632
River (Mississippi) expedition, vn
520; Farragut at, 559
River (of the North) rebellion, xi
777; Lord Selkirk's colony on, xn 604
River (Tonkin), exploration on, xn
524 sq.; 797
Sea, xn 430; 499; Italy and, 664
Redan, The, British attack on, xi 322 sq.
Redei (Rhedey), Francis, Prince of Transyl-
vania. See Transylvania
Rederijkers (Rhetoricians), in the Nether-
lands, I 434
Redesdale, John Freeman Mitford, 1st
Baron, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, ix
706
Redi, Francesco, naturalist, v 737
Reding, Aloys, Baron de, Swiss patriot, vm
640; IX 99 sq.
Rudolf, Landammann of Schwyz^
VI 621
General Index.
641
Keding, Theodore, Marshal and Grandee of
Spain (brother of Aloys), victorious at
Baylen, ix 437; defeated at Cardadeu,
448; mortally wounded at Vails, ih.
Eedmond, John Edward, Irish politician,
xii 89
Keed, Sir Thomas, General, in India, xi 746
Thomas Brackett, Speaker of House
of Eepresentatives in Congress of 1889,
VII 663
American Minister in China, xi 816
Eeeves, John, legal historian, vni 760
Keff, Hans, Bishop of Oslo. See Oslo
Reflections on the Eevolution in France,
Burke's, ix 716
Eeform Bills, The English, of 1832, etc.
See Parliamentary Eeform
Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum, ii 508 ;
failure of, 589
Eef ormation. The, in Hungary and Bohemia,
1 340 ; preparation for, in the Netherlands,
434 sqq., Chap, xvii, The Christian
Eenaissance,2Ja«sm, Chap.xviii, Catholic
Europe, passim, Chap, xix. The Eve of
the Eef ormation; early ideas of and de-
mand for, II 2, 29; balance of religious
and political forces of 16th century
in, 104; in Germany, 25 sq., 158 sq..
Chaps, iv-vin passim; in France, Chap.
IX passim, also 346-9; in Switzerland,
Chap. X passim, also 362; Calvin and,
Chap. XI passim ; in the South of Europe,
Chap. XII passim; in Venice, 381; in
Ferrara, 384 ; in Modena, 386 ; in Naples,
387 ; in Lucca, 391 ; in Spain, 399-412 ;
in Portugal, 412; in England, 463-8;
under Edward VI, Chap, xiv ; the Scottish
and Anglican Settlement, Chap, xvi pas-
sim; in Denmark, 602-17; in Norway
and Iceland, 617-21 ; in Sweden, 621-33 ;
in Poland, 634-8; connexion of, with
the Peasants' Eevolt in Germany, 175;
European Thought in the Age of. Chap.
XIX passim; connexion and distinction
between the Eenaissance and, 282, 691;
in Austrian lands. Empire, etc., and the
Counter-Eeformation under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian II, Vol. iii. Chap, v
passim, 140-81; in Ireland, 586 sq.; in
Poland, 74 sqq.; influence of, on political
thought, see Chap, xxn passim, Political
Thought in the 16th century, 736-69
Reformation without Tarrying for Any, m
756
Reforme, La, French newspaper, xi 24 ; 27 ;
34; 42; 96; 99; 101
Eeformed Church, The, Calvin and. Vol. n,
Chap. XI passim. See also Eeformation
Regale, The French, v 77, 85
Eegel, Alexander, visits Turfan, xn 802
Eegensburg. See Eatisbon
Eegent Inlet, explorers at, xn 814
Eeggio, duchy of, awarded to Ferrara (1531),
n 67, 219; granted to Duke Francis IV,
IX 603
C. M. H.
Eeggio, Duke of. See Oudinot
di Calabria, Austrian force at, vi 32 ;
rising at, xi 79; 388
nell' Emilia, birthplace of Ariosto
(1474), III 460-1; revolt in (1797), vni
588; XII 226; socialism in, 232, 235
Regimini militantis ecclesiae, Bull consti-
tuting Society of Jesus, ii 653
Eegiomontanus (Johann Miiller), i 571, 632,
638
Eegis, Colonel Michele, x 114; 117
Eegius. See Eoy, Henry de
Urbanus, Eeformer, n 183
Eegnault, Baron Jean-Baptiste, French
painter, rx 135
Eegnier, Claude Ambrose, Duo de Massa,
vm 677 ; ix 9 ; 30, 31 ; granted duchy of
Massa, 111; President of the Legislative
Body, 145 ; 146 ; Joseph Bonaparte aided
by, 404
Eegnier, Mathurin, ni 71; xi 508
Eegulating Act, Lord North's, vi 571 sqq.
Eehbinder, Baron, Eussian Secretary of
State for Finnish affairs, x 433
Eehnskjold, Carl Gustaf, Swedish general,
V 593 sq.; 598; at Poltawa, 601; 603
Eeichard, Christian Gottlieb N., German
geographer, xii 807
Eeichenbach, vi 299; 656; Convention of
(1790), 710, 725, vm 289, 292 sq., 333
sqq.; Treaty of (1813), ix 506, 521-2,
579, 591
Prussian resident in London, vi 210 sq.
Eeichenberg, domains of, iv 73
Eeichensperger brothers, German politi-
cians, xn 147
Reichsdeputationstage, m 143
Reichshofrath, institution of, i 313 sqq.;
in 723, 729-30
Reichskammergericht, institution of, i 304;
opposition to, 305 sq.; 311, 313, 317, 327;
n 149, 151, 153 sq.; reconstitution of
(1531), 214; 217, 221; rejected by Pro-
testants, 222; 232 sq., 243; reconstitution
of, by Charles V (1547), 263
Reichsmilnzordnung (1559), m 142
Reichsregiment (Council of Eegency), insti-
tution of, I 309; 311, 320; n 145, 149
sqq.; revolt of cities against, 153 sq.;
failure of, 156 sq., 222
Reichsritterschaft (Imperial knights), n
154 sq.
Eeichstadt, granted to Empress Marie
Louise, IX 602; agreement of, xii 389,
394, 396
Duo de. See Napoleon II
Reichstag. See Diet of the Empire
Eeid, Thomas, philosopher, vni 769; x
43
Eeille, Comte Honor^-C.-M.-J., Marshal of
France, vin 569; ix 470; and Belgian
campaign, 625 ; at Waterloo, 633 sqq.
Eeimarus, Hermann Samuel, xn 816
Eeims. See Eheims
Eein, Jonas, Norwegian writer, xi 700
34
542
General Index,
Beina (or Reyna), Cassiodoro de, Spanish
Beformer, n 411, 692
Beinach, Joseph, and Dreyfus affair, xn
120
Field-Marshal von, iv 377
Beingoud, Jacques, ni 620 sq.
Beinhard, Anne, marries Zwingli, n 313
Count Charles Frederic, Napoleon's
words to, IX 424
Hans von, at Congress of Vienna,
n 568; 600
Martin, Lutheran theologian, in Den-
mark, n 606
Beinoso, Felix Jos^, and the Colegio de San
Mateo, X 229
Beis, Dragut, Barbary corsair, iii 486
Beitwein, castle of, Frederick the Great at,
VI 293
Beligious Orders, in New World, i 62;
in 15th century Italy, 144 sqq.; and
Universities in pre-Beformation days,
643 sq. ; religious revivals and, 647 sq. ;
gilds and brotherhoods, 648 sq. ; 652;
the older, in Germany, ii 106; religious
confraternities, 108; and Beforming
movement, 161 sq.; drastic reform of, in
Spain, 399 sq.; and Church reform, 646
sqq. ; foundation of new Orders, ih. ;
in Austria, Joseph II 's action towards,
VI 636 sq. ; in Belgium, Joseph II and,
649; in France, and edict of 1765, viii
63; character of, in 18th century, 66;
suppression of (1790), 195; Napoleon I
and, IX 190 sq. ; Vill^le and, x 83 sq. ;
and education, in 19th century, xn
92; attack on Congregations in France,
117, 121 sq. ; and French Schools, 113
sqq.; and policy of Jules Ferry, 117;
in Bussia, numbers enrolled in (1825),
X 422 sq.; in Spain, after Bevolution,
141 sq.; agitation against, in 1834, 236;
in early Spanish America, 252 sq. See
also Jesuits, Theatines, Capuchins, etc.,
and the older Orders individually
B^ly, Jean de, French translator of Bible,
II 283
Bembrandt (Bembrandt Hermanszoon van
Bhijn), art of, iv 722
Bemieulx of Ghent, i 449
Remonstrantie, The (1610), in 647
Bemonstrants, and Contra-Bemonstrants, in
Dutch Beformed Church, iii 647 sqq. ;
and Latitudinarians, v 744
B^musat, Comtesse C. E. J. de, ix 23
Comte Charles de, x 52 sqq.; 59;
95 sq.; Under-Secretary of State for Public
Works, 497; 508; xii 105; 107
Bemyro, Greek emissary of King Ferdinand
(1540), III 118
Benaissance, The, Vol. i passim, especially
Chap, xvi, The Classical Benaissance,
632-84: in Italy, 537-68, 571, 583 sq.; in
Northern Europe, 568-71; in Germany,
571-5; in France, 575-8; in Spain and
Portugal, 578; in Netherlands, 579; in
England, 679-83: Chap, xvn. The
Christian Benaissance, 685-619 : in Italy,
692-6; in France, 597; in England, 585-
92, 597 sq.; in Switzerland, 599; in Ger-
many, 699 sq., see also Bible, Libraries,
etc. and for briefer references to the
movement as a whole. Chaps, xvin.
Catholic Europe, passim, and xix. The
Eve of the Beformation, passim; also
the following: — Maximilian I and, 325
sqq. ; in Hungary, 339 sq. ; in Spain, 379
sqq. ; preparation for, of Brethren of the
Common Life in Netherlands, 436 sq.;
and Erasmus, 460 sqq., 668 sqq.; in Eng-
land, early beginnings of, 491 sq. : Vol. n,
Chap. I, Medicean Rome, pas sivi; Chap.
XIX, Tendencies of European Thought in
the Age of the Beformation, passim; at
Erfurt, lllsq. ; at Wittenberg, 167 sq. ;
in France, 281 sqq., 346 sq. ; and
Zwingh, 308, 345 sq.; at Basel, 356 sq.;
377 sq. ; the French, Vol. in. Chap, n,
French Humanism, etc., 63-72 ; the
English, Chap, xi, The Elizabethan Age
of English Literature, 364-82 ; Bome and,
422, 438 sq. ; the later Italian, Chap.
XIV, The end of the Italian Benaissance,
456-74; Spain and, 546 sqq.; for Be-
naissance influence on Beform movements
in general, see also Beformation and
Counter-Beformation
Benan, Ernest, xi 509; 623 sq.; 627; xn
93; 114; 119; 846 sq.
Benard, Simon, Spanish ambassador in
England, n 609, 513, 616, 623 sq., 633;
ni 197
Benault, Pierre-Hippolyte-Publius, French
general, xi 100
Bendsburg, Christian IV at, iv 101 ; fall of
(1627), 102; fortress of, xi 161 sq.
Ben6, King of Sicily, etc. See Anjou, Ben6,
Duke of
Ben^e of France. See Ferrara, Ben^e,
Duchess of
Beneri, Henry, Dutch philosopher, iv 788
Benneberg, George Lalaing, Count of, m
251-2
Bennefort, Urbain Souchu de, in Mada-
gascar, V 703
Bennes, surrender of (1491), i 460; Parle-
ment of, v 4, vi 130, 348, 356, vm 47;
112; disorder in, 129; "libel plot" at,
IX 21 ; Dreyfus trial at, xn 121
Louis Guido Gu^rapin de Vaur^al,
Bishop of, ambassador to Spain, vi
159 sqq. ; 167
Benouvier, Charles-Bernard, the Manuel
repuhlicain of, prohibited, xi 114 ; xn 94
Benwick, James, Scottish covenanter, v 290
Benzi, Pietro, Italian politician, xi 65; 69
Bepeal Association, founded by O'ConneU,
XI 7 sq. ; 11
Bepnin, Prince Anikita Ivanovich, Bussian
ambassador in Poland (1768), vi 354, 628,
667
i
General Index,
543
Eepnin, Prince Nikita Ivanovich, Eussian
field-marshal (1716), v 612
Prince Nikolai, Eussian envoy, vni
643
Prince Vasily, Eussian general, vi 318
Eepnin - Volkonski, Nicolas - Grigorievich,
Prince, ix 579 ; Governor of Saxony, ib. ;
at Vienna, 586
RSpublique, La, French newspaper, xi 127
Eequesens y Zuniga, Don Luis de. Viceroy
of the Netherlands, in 237 sq.; 240 sqq.;
286; 495 sq.; died (1576), 498
"Eequest," The Dutch (1566), ra 203-4
Eesacade laPalma (Texas), battle at (1846),
vn 395
Eescht, seized by the Eussians (1722), v 545
Eescissory Act, Scottish, of 1661, v 281
Reservatum ecclesiasticum, iii 141-2, 152-3,
162, 180
Eeshid, Mustafa, Pasha, Turkish general, x
181; 549; defeated at Konieh, 551; 559
sq. ; XI 275 sq.
Eestif de la Bre tonne, Nicolas-Edm^, vi 833
Eestoration, The, after the French Eevolu-
tion. Vol. X passim; the English (1660),
Vol. IV, Chap. XIX
Eethymno, Eussian occupation of, xn 423
Eetief, Pieter, Boer leader, xi 782
Eetusaari, island of, v 591
Eetz, Albert de Gondi, Comte de {afterwards
Marshal of France), iii 19; 27
Jean-Franpois-Paul de Gondi, Car-
dinal de, IV 607 sq. ; Beaufort and, 609 ;
joins the rebels, 611 ; 612 sqq. ; and the
Court, 617 sq. ; Memoirs, vi 130
Eetzius, Gustaf, Swedish man of science,
XII 280
Eeuchlin, Johann, German Hebraist, i 572
sq., 605 sq., 637, 684; ii 32, 695 sq., 697;
De Rudimentis Hebraicis, 696
Eeumont, Alfred von, German historian,
n 33
Eeus, revolt at (1843), x 242
Count of. See Prim, Juan
Eeusch, Franz Heinrich, German theo-
logian, xu 848
Eeuss, Princes of, v 633
Henry XX, Prince of, xi 149
Eduard W. E., German theologian,
xn 846
Eeuter, Fritz, German humanist, xi 417;
420
Eeuterholm, Baron, Swedish diplomatist,
banished, vni 789; at Swedish Court,
IX 37-8
Eeutem, Count Michael, Eussian Minister
of Finance, xi 619; xn 319
Eeutlingen, signs the Augsburg Confession,
n 205, 211
Eeval, becomes Swedish, iv 162; 166 sq. ;
John ni and Sigismund at, 169 ; v 534 ;
647 ; British fleet at, 551 ; 590 ; captured
by Eussians (1710), 603; port of, vi 35
sq. ; 680; strike in, xn 350; 379
Reveil, Le, French journal, xi 488
E^veillon, wall-paper manufacturer, attacked
by Paris mob, vni 161
Eevel, Count, Sardinian ambassador in
London, xi 77
General di, xi 541
Eeveni, battle at, xn 421
Eeventlow, Count Christian Ditlev Frederick,
vi742sq.; 746; 756
Count, Danish general, v 581
Eeventlow-Preetz, Count Frederick von, xi
161
Eeverdil, Elias Solomon Francis, Swiss
philosopher, vi 744 ; 746 sqq.
Eeves, Jacques de (Eevius), opposes Des-
cartes, IV 789
Revolution, La, French journal, xn 123
Revue de Paris, xi 485
politique, French journal, xi 487
pour tous, French journal, xi 486
Republicaine, founded by Dupont,
X 499
Eewbell, Jean-Fran<?ois, vin 381, 385, 415,
422; member of Directory, 489 sqq.,
494, 4^6, 517; retires, 519, 667
Eeybaz, Etienne Salomon, collaborator with
Mirabeau, viii 150
Eeydaniya (near Cairo), victory of Turks
at (1517), I 91
Eeynier, Jean L. Ebenezer, Comte, French
general, vni 600 sqq., 608 sq.; defeated
at Maida, ix 270; attacks Wellington's
right centre at Busaco, 461 ; at Warsaw,
611 ; surprised by Eussians, 512 ; at Gross-
Beeren, 526; at Dennewitz, 530; at
Leipzig, 539; 540
Eeynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, v 96
John Fulton, at Gettysburg, vn 488
J., De Justa Reipublicae Christianae
Fotestate, iii 764
Dr Eichard, executed, n 442
Eeynst, Dutch Governor-General in Banda,
English traders and, iv 735
Eeyphins, Belgian deputy, x 526; 529
Eezonville, xi 589; battle at, 590 sq.
Ehaetian Leagues, The, i 308
Ehalles, Greek statesman, xn 421
Ehegas {6 ^epalos), Greek poet, vin 789;
X 174
Ehegenius, Michael, German philosopher,
IV 791
Eheims, Henry HI crowned at (1575), m
26 ; Douay College removed to, 287, 350 ;
the League in, 662 ; attempt to seize, 672 ;
Louis XV consecrated at, vi 131 ; Young's
impressions of, vin 60; Napoleon at
(1814) , rx 552 ; consecration of Charles X
at, X 88; Cardinal Consalvi at, 133;
French army at, xi 595 ; labour congress
at, xn 124
Jean of Lorraine, Archbishop of,
pluralist, i 659
Eheinberg, siege of, by Maurice (1597), ni
629; by Mendoza, 634; recovered by
Maurice (1601), 636; taken by Spinola
(1606), 638, 722; access to Jiilich-Clevea
34r-2
544
General Index,
cut o2 at, 689; occupied by Spanish
troops, 712, 718; captured by Allies
(1702), V 406
Eheinbot, Prefect of Moscow, xii 376
Rkeinbund, The, signed (15 Aug. 1658), iv
431 sq., V 33; Louis XIV fails to prolong
(1668K 38; 42, 46, 351, 644. See also (for
Napoleon's scheme) Ehine, Confedera-
tion of the
Eheinfelden, battles of (1638), iv 375
Rheinische Zeitung, xi 53
Eheinthal, Captain, Eussian traveller, xn
802
Ehenanus, Beatus, German humanist, n 313
Bhenish Mercury, suppressed, x 352
Ehigas. See Ehegas
Ehine river, Dutch privateers on, ni 705;
Lower, foreign invasion upon, 712; war
on (1688), V 55 sqq., 60 sq., 63; cam-
paigns on (1702), 406, (1703), 408 sq.,
(1707), 418 sq., (1713), 451; and Peace
of Utrecht, 438; campaigns on (1727),
VI 59, (1741), 232, (1743), 237 sq., (1744-
5), 240 sqq., (1748), 246, (1758), 277,
(1747), 318, (1784), 645; left bank of,
granted to France (1795), viii 441, (1798),
642; right bank of, French claims on,
644 ; and rectification of frontiers, ix 56 ;
and French Eevolutionary action, 91 sqq.,
278; Congress of Vienna and, 549, 588;
and France, 564, xi 338, 457; Prussia
and, IX 592, 596, 657; xi 49; and
Prussian plan of campaign, 580; 664;
XII 136
Confederation of the, ix 201; 268,
273, 279; Prussia and, 307; 316, 336,
339 ; contingent of, 344 ; 346 ; Princes of,
347; 407, 408, 409, 507; proposal for
abolition of, 521 ; 727
Ehinegrave, Otto Lewis von Kyrburg, Wild-
grave and, and battle of Nordlingen,
IV 248
Ehineland, unhappy state of, i 298 sq., 301 ;
political agitation in, xi 52 sq.
Ehins, Dutreuil de, French explorer, xii 803
Ehode Island, settlement of, vii 20, 23
sq. ; and Quakers, 25; charter of, 26, 31 ;
and Governor Andros, 29; Constitution
of, 54 ; shipbuilding in, 56 ; religious con-
ditions in, 57; education in, 58; 60;
effect of Stamp Act in, 149; disaffec-
tion in, VI 447, vii 163 ; French fleet off
(1778), VI 451, VII 218; Constitution of,
237; declines Confederation, 245 sq. ;
representation of, in Senate, 263, 306;
judges in, 277; accepts Constitution,
302; trade regulations in, 311 sq. ; slavery
in, 361, 388; manufactures in, 375; and
the Tariff, 377
Ehodes, besieged by the Turks (1480), i 84,
(1622), 93 sq. ; capture of, 94, ii 46
Cecil John, xi 788; xii 3; and
British South Africa Company, 49; and
Jameson Eaid, 53; in South Africa,
638 sq., 641; death of, 613; 645; 812
Ehodes, James Ford, American historian,
XII 841
Ehodesia, expansion in, xn 639; 644
Ehodope, The, Turks take refuge in, xn
389 ; Pomaks in, 405 sq. ; 408
Ehone, royalist feeling on the (1815), ix
616-7
Eiall, Sir Phineas, Major-general, vn 343
Eiancey, Henri-L^on Camusat de, French
politician, xi 120
Eianzares, Agustiiji Fernando Munoz y
Sanchez, Duke of, and Queen Cristina, x
241, XI 551 ; 559 sq.
Eiario, Girolamo, Pazzi conspiracy and,
I 661
Piero, Cardinal, i 658 sq.
Eaffaelle Sansoni, Cardinal (of San
Giorgio), imprisoned by Florentines, i
661; II 8, 15, 17
Eiaz Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt, xn
438
Eiazan. See Eyazan
Eibagorza, fief of, in 514
Eibault, Jean, attempts to found Huguenot
colony in America, i 50, 55 ; vn 71
Elbe, Treaty of (1460), xi 693
Elbe, Bishops of: —
Hans Tausen ("the Danish Luther"),
II 609 sq., 611 sq.; the Confession of
Faith of, 613 ; 615 sq.
• Ivar Munk, n 611
Wandel, German Eeformer, n 616
Eibera, Jos6 (L'Espagnolet), in 546; art of,
IV 664
Eibeyrolles, French journalist, xi 25
Eibot, Alexandre -Felix -Joseph, French
statesman, xii 119
Eicardo, David, and currency, ix 689;
X 598; theories and influence of, 772
sqq.; 782; xn 758 sq.
Eicardos, Count Antonio, Spanish general,
vin 439
Eicasoli, Baron Bettino, Italian statesman,
XI 378 ; 386 ; succeeds Cavour, 530 ; policy
of, towards Eome, 530 sq.; resigns, 532;
President of Ministry, 540 ; resigns, 542
Eicci, Giuseppe, Count, x 123
Lorenzo, Jesuit, vi 592 sq.
Matteo, missionary in China, xn 515
Paolo (Lisio Filino, Eeformer), ii
386
• Scipione, Bishop of Prato and Pistoia.
See Pistoia
Eich, Eichard, Lord, ii 475, 506
Sir Eobert, speech of, on foreign
policy, IV 261
Eich Mountain, Federal success at (1861),
vn 457
Eichard II, King of England, m 580; 749
HI, King of England, i 393, 447,
464
Albert, French politician, xi 492
Francois, ix 125
Spanish insurrectionary, attempts to
assassinate Ferdinand VII, x 210
General Index,
545
Eichardet, French deputy, xi 139
Eichardot, Jean, President of Archduke
Albert's Privy Council, iii 640-1
Eichardson, James, African traveller, xu
810
John, and Irish language, vi 487
Samuel, novelist, vi 823 sq. ; x 698;
717 sq. ; 724
American Secretary of the Treasury,
vn 643
murder of, near Yokohama, xi 845 sq.
Eichecourt, Governor of Tuscany, vi 600
Eichel, Bavarian ambassador, correspond-
ence of, with Elector Maximilian I, rv 238
Eichelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Car-
dinal, Duke of, ni 577; rv 50; rise of, 56;
and Valtelline, 58 sqq. ; First Minister,
88 ; 90 ; and Christian IV, 92 ; and Mans-
feld, 93; 99; and Edict of Eestitution,
111; 115; concludes Treaty of Cherasco,
117; Ministry of, see Chap, iv; 192;
and Italy, 194, 198; Gustavus Adolphus,
the German War and, 210 sqq.; 222;
225 sq.; Wallenstein and, 234, 239 sq.;
anxious to avoid war with Austria, 246;
Bernard of Weimar and, 249; 250 sq. ;
makes terms with Spain, 264; 266;
promises toleration to Huguenots, 272;
States General and, 275; England and,
258, 262, 276, 284, 311; anti-Habsburg
designs of, 365; 367 sqq.; 373 sq.; 381;
later German War and, 383; designates
Mazarin as his successor, 388 ; 396 ; 399 ;
D'Avaux agent of, 402; 592 sq.; 595 sqq.;
600 ; 602 ; financial situation at death of,
603; Parlemmt and, 604; 622; 637; and
Austria, 640, 642; Spain and, 643 sq.,
645 ; Catalonia and, 644 sq. ; 648 sq. ;
656 ; and Conseil du Roi, 674 ; and Treaty
of Monzon, 675; concludes Franco-
Hispano-Papal Treaty (1627), 677; and
Mantuan succession, 678 sqq. ; 681 sqq. ;
691 ; and United Provinces, 697 sq. ;
death of, 388, 653, 659, 702; v 3 sqq.;
14; 19; policy of, 32; 72; and the
Church, 75; 331; 338; 373; and Canada,
442; colonial policy of, 702 sq. ; 743;
VI 229; 622; and Canada, vii 73 sq. ;
vni 36, 38
Armand-E.-S.-S. du Plessis, Duo de,
succeeds Talleyrand, ix 664; opposes
contraction of French frontier, 665 ; x 13
sq. ; at Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle,
14 sq.; 18; 25; 38; succeeds Talleyrand,
47; signs Second Peace of Paris (1815),
48; opposes punitive measures, 49; 50;
and electoral schemes, 51; 54 sq. ;
liberates France from army of occu-
pation, 56; resignation of (1818), 57 sq. ;
overtures to, from French government,
61; second Ministry of, 63-70; resigns,
70 ; 71 ; concessions of, to ultra-Eoyal-
ists, 73; foreign policy of, attacked, 74;
resignation and death of, ib.] and the
settlement with Papacy (1819), 143 sq.
Eichelieu, Armand-Jean (de Vignerot) du
Plessis, 2nd Duke of, iv 592 ; Cond6 and,
612
Louis-Fran9ois-Armand du Plessis,
3rd Duke of, Marshal of France, vi 132 ;
239; in Seven Years' War, 263, 265 sq.,
267, 269; 337; 356; vm 59
Eichepance, Antoine, French general, ix 67
Eicher, Edmond, French theologian, v
75 sq.
Eichery, Joseph de, French admiral, vni
473
Eichmond (Surrey), Queen Elizabeth dies
at, m 360-1
(Virginia), cotton-mill at, vii 354;
Confederate capital (1861), 471, 609;
campaign against, ib., 472 sqq. ; Burnside
advances against (1862), 483; Hooker
advances against (1863), 485; Grant ad-
vances against (1864), 514, 516 sqq., 533;
evacuation of (1865), 538 sq., 541; Lin-
coln at, 544 sq. ; railway communication
with, 551
(Yorks), Henry (Fitzroy, son of
Henry VIII), Duke of, ii 427, 445, 470
and Lennox, Charles Lennox, 3rd
Duke of (4th cr.), vi 424; 434; leads
movement for Eeform, 455, x 597; vi
461 sqq.; 465; and India Bill, 467; 468;
vm 294, 297
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of, be-
comes Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, ix 707;
X 635
• Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke
of, X 611, 614 ; resigns, 662 sq.
Duchess of, wife of 4th Duke of,
ball of, on eve of Waterloo, rx 626
Eichter, ^Emilius Ludwig, German canonist,
xn847
Eugen, German politician, xn 146;
157
Johann Paul Friedrich ("Jean
Paul"), VI 824; 833; viii 773; x 388;
394; 411
Eichthofen, Ferdinand von, Prussian geo-
grapher, XII 797
Eicord, Jean Francois, Commissioner, and
Bonaparte, vm 561
Eicotti, Ercole, Italian historian, xi 548
Magnani, Cesare, Italian general, xu
233
Eidley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, ii 484,
501, 503; arrested, 521 ; 538; disputation
of, at Oxford, 539 ; trial and death of, 541
Eidolfi, Cosmo, Marquis de, Tuscan Minis-
ter, X 128; XI 78; 90
Giovanni Battista, Savonarolist, i
169, 183
Niccold, Medicean, i 175
Eoberto, conspirator and Florentine
banker, iii 283-4
Eiebeck (Eiebeek), Antoni van, founds Cape
Colony, IV 713
Jan van, and Cape of Good Hope,
546
General Index,
Eigby,
Ried, Treaty of (1813), ix 687, 591, 658
Eiedberg, castle of Plantas at, iv 47, 52
Eiederer, Galius, iv 52
Eieger, Francis Ladislas, Cech politician,
XI 178; xn 186; 195
Eiego, Eafael del. See Del Eiego
Eiehl, Wilhelm Heinrich von, German
writer, xi 417; 419 sq.; xn 849
Eiel, Louis, Canadian insurgent leader, xi
777; XII 606
Eienzi, Cola di, i 539
Eieti, battle near (1821), x 114, 116
Eietz, Prussian Groom of the Chamber,
VI 726
Eieux, Marquis de, guardian of Britanny,
I 394
Eiezler, Sigmund, German historian, xii 829
Eiga, Jesuits established in, iii 102 ; Charles
IX and, IV 174; trade and, 177; captured
by Sweden (1621), 183; 185; v 570;
attacked by Saxons (1700), 587 sq. ; 590;
694; 597; captured by Peter the Great
(1710), 603; XII 335; strike in, 350
Eigaud, mulatto chief in San Domingo,
IX 420
Eigault, Nicholas, editor of Tertullian and
Cyprian, i 616 sq. ; iii 61
Eaoul, French politician, xi 502
Edward, claims Maine, vii 24
Dr E., traveller in France, viii 60,
63
Eichard, Master of Irish Eolls, vi
424; 439
Right, Eussian journal, xii 346
Eigny, Comte de Henri Gauthier, French
admiral, x 91; 196
Eiley, General, military governor of Cali-
fornia, vii 402
Eimini, captured by Venetians (1503), i
224; XI 65; revolt at, 69; 88
Eimnik, The, Turkish defeat on, viii 326
Ein, William, Flemish rebel, i 446 sq.
Eincon, Antonio, murder of (1541), ii 76;
III 105, 118
Einhuber, Laurence, writer on Eussia, v 513
Eink, Melchior, Dutch Anabaptist, ii 624
Einuccini, Giovanni Battista, Papal Nuncio
in Ireland, iv 338, 529 sq. ; 532
Eio de Janeiro, French attacks on, v 679,
VI 391; 184; 390; Court of Portugal
at (1807), X 310 sq. ; Portuguese troops
in, 312, 314 sq. ; revolutionary outburst
in (1821), 313; Treaty signed at (1825),
319 ; Panamerican Congress at, xii 700 sq.
Eio de la Plata, discovered by Solis (1515),
1 36, 43 ; Spain and, vi 375, 390 ; Popham's
expedition to, x 281 ; Protectorate of, 285 ;
revolution in region of, 287; 290 sq.;
Capitalism and Provincialism in, 298 ;
history of region of, after 1830, 300 sq. ;
xn 267; Dom Pedro II and, 674; 682;
684
Eio Grande (del Norte), French claim to, vii
362; Texan boundary, 394, 397, 403 sq.,
406: 470
Eio Grande do Sul, city of, vi 891 ; revolt
in, XII 675
Eions, d'Albert, Comte de, French naval
commander, viii 192, 448
Eios Eosas, Antonio de los, Spanish
politician, xi 562; 568
Eiou, Captain Edward, at battle of Copen-
hagen, IX 52
Eioult, Louis-Edouard, French painter, xi
511
Eio Verde, victory of Moors at (1501),
I 361
Eipley, EleazarWheelock, American general,
VII 343
Eipoli, taken by the French (1691), v 69
Eipon, Frederick John Eobinson, Viscount
Goderich, 1st Earl of, and the Eastern
Question, x 197 ; 198 ; 584 ; 588 ; raised to
House of Lords, 591 ; succeeds Canning,
592; and parliamentary reform, 603;
645; resigns, 662 sq. ; xi 3; 792
George Frederick Samuel Eobinson,
1st Marquis of, Viceroy of India, xn 36 ;
475 sqq. ; 494
Eipperda, Jan Willem, mission of, to
Vienna, vi 139 sq.; created Duke, 141;
fall of, 142 sq.; 145 sq. ; Elisabeth
Farnese and, 166
Eipperda, Captain, defender of Haarlem,
in 235 sq.
Eiquet, Pierre-Paul, Baron de Bonrepos,
V 14
Risorgimento, Italian paper, xi 83
Eisquons-Tout, French revolutionaries at,
XI 671
Eist, Johann Georg, Danish diplomatist,
VIII 788
Eistich, Jovan, Servian statesman, xii
411
Eitchie, Charles Thomson Eitchie, Lord,
Chancellor of Exchequer, xn 54
Joseph, African traveller, xii 807
Eitschl, Albrecht, History of Pietism, xn
847
Eitter, August Heinrich, and history of
Greek philosophy, xii 822
Carl, German ethnologist, xn 850
Moriz, German historian, xn 828
Ritterschaft, the German knightly order.
See Reichsritterschaft
Eiukiu Islands, Japan and, xn 655 sqq.
Eivadavia, Bernardino, x 301
Eivarol, Antoine, French writer, viii 8
Eivarola, Cardinal, Papal legate, x 134;
139; 152
Eivarolo, Corsican refugee, vi 609
Eivas, Angel de Saavedra, Duke of, x 241
Rive Gauche, La, French journal, xi 486
Hi vera, Jos6 Fructuoso, President of
Uruguay, xn 680
Elvers, Anthony Woodville, Earl, i 441
Eichard Savage, Earl, vi 12 sq.
Eivet, Jean -Charles, French politician, xn
103; 105
Eiviera, the Allies on the, yi 243
General Index.
547
Eivi^re, Charles-Fran<?ois de Eiffardeau,
Marquis, afterwards Due de, ix 29; 32
French commandant in Annam, xn
131; 625
See Mercier de la Eivi^re
Eivoli, Marshal Catmat at, v 402 ; battle of
(1797), Tin 580
Eizzio, David, n 595; ni 271 sqq.
Eoanoke Island, Amidas and Barlow land
at, vn 3; captured by Burnside (1862),
483, 552
Eobartes, Sir John, Earl of Eadnor. See
Eadnor
Eobecchi, Luigi, African traveller, xn 813
Eoberjot, Claude, French envoy, vin 655
sq.
Eobert, Pierre-F.-J., French deputy, vm
234, 247
Eoberts, Eichard, machinist, x 734 sq.
Colonel, in India, ix 722
of Kandahar, Frederick Sleigh
Eoberts, Earl, at Kandahar, xii 37 ; 39 ;
59 ; in Afghanistan, 470 sq. ; 482 sq. ;
in South Africa, 642 sq.
Eobertson, William, historian, xn 817
Eoberval, Gilles Personne de, iv 779
Jean Francois de la Eoque, Sieur de,
attempts to establish colony of ''New
France" (1542), i 44, 50, vn 71 sq.
Eobespierre, Augustin, viii 247, 370 sq.
Maximilien Marie Isidore, vni 20,
82, 34; in National Assembly, 174, 186,
188; 234; character of, 239 sq., 747;
and Commune, 239 sqq. ; and National
Convention, 246 sq., 250 sqq. ; Louvet's
attack on, 253; at Louis XVI 's trial,
255 sq., 258; 271; policy of, 343, 345,
347, 358, 364 sq.; and Danton, 359
sqq. ; supremacy of, 364 sqq. ; coalition
against, 367 sqq. ; arrest and execution
of, 370 sq.
Eobethon, Jean de, Hanoverian councillor,
VI 14; 20
Eobilant, Count di, Italian Minister of
War, xn 240
Count di, Italian officer, in Mace-
donia, XII 426
Eobinson, Frederick John. See Eipon,
Earl of
Henry Crabb, viii 768
John, Bishop of Bristol [and after-
wards of London), at Utrecht, v 438; in
Sweden, 586
Mary, poet, x 699
Thomas, Lord Grantham. See
Grantham
Eobortellus, Francesco, Hellenist, i 567;
n 391
Eobsart, Amy, death of, n 582
Eobustelli, of Grossotto, Valtelline leader,
IV 48 sq.; 54; 58 sq.
Eoca, Julio A., General, President of the
Argentine Confederation, xn 679; 683
Boccasecca, defeat of French at (1503), i
126
Eocca Sparviera, annexed to Saluzzo, in
419
Eocci, Papal Nuncio, at Eatisbon, iv 679 sq.
Eochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de
Vimeur, Count of. Marshal of France,
VI 453; commands Army of the North,
vni 222, 405
Eochdale, cooperation in, xn 738 sq.
Eoche, Ernest, French socialist, xn 123
Father Philip, and the Irish rebel-
lion, IX 701
Marquis de la. See Eoberval, Jean
Eochefort, development of, v 14 ; expedition
against, vi 3426 (in Vol. xiii), vn 132;
French ships at, ix 211 sqq. ; Allemand
sails from, 225; returns to, 234; 238;
Napoleon escapes to (1815), 644, 756
Henri, xi 488 sq. ; 491 ; arrested,
492; 600
Eochelle, Huguenot stronghold, ni 10-11;
siege of, 20-1, 32; Edict of, 21; 22 sqq.;
retained by Huguenots (1598), 676
Eochester, James II at, v 248
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of, v 124 ; 132
' Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of (2nd cr.),
V 231; dismissal of, 234; 235; and
William IH, 275; 464; yi 11
Sir Eobert, n 525
Eochford, George Boleyn, Viscount, trial
and execution of, n 445
William Henry Zuylestein, 4th Earl
of, VI 439; 443; 447
Eochussen, Charles, Dutch painter, xn 249
Jacob Jan, Dutch statesman, xi 666
Eockhill, Woodville, in Tibet, xn 804
Eockingham, Charles Watson- Wentworth,
2nd Marquis of, vi 424 ; 428 ; 434 ; First
Lord of the Treasury, 435; 438; and
Chatham, 442; 444 sq. ; 448; 450; and
Ireland, 455; 456; Ministry of, 457 sqq. ;
501; and Warren Hastings, 581; death
of, 460 sq., 466, 501; vn 147, 149
Eocky Mountains, United States boundary
and, VII 326, 364 sq. ; 395
Eocquebertin, deputy-governor of Genoa
(1506), I 129
Eocroi, victory of Enghien at (1643), rv
388, 594, 599, 659 sq., 702; and Treaty
of the Pyrenees, 620
Eoda, Jerome de, in 244
Eodach, Protestant Conference at (1529),
n 206
Eodbertus, Johann Karl, Prussian econ-
omist, XI 218
Eode, Henne, and the Eucharistic con-
troversy, II 332
John, German Eeformer, i 631
Eodez, Saignelay- Colbert de Castle Hill,
Bishop of, vin 156
Eodich, Baron, Austrian statesman, xn 383
Eodicheff, Eussian barrister, xn 322; 333
Eodney, George Brydges Eodney, 1st Baron,
Admiral, vi 342d (in Vol. xni) ; 376 sq. ;
379; conquers Martinique, 426; 452; in
the West Indies, 453 sq., 462; vn 231
548
General Index.
Eodrigues, Olinde, x 485
Bodrigues, Simao, Jesuit, n 415, 652
Eodrigues Gra^a, Joaquim, occupies Angola,
XI 575
Eoe, Sir Thomas, iv 192; at Hamburg,
378 ; 734 ; and English East India Com-
pany, 737 ; ambassador to Great Moghul,
741 sq.; v 698; vi 515
Boebuck, John Arthur, x 656; 675; 676;
and Crimean War, xi 320; 764
Boederer, Comte Pierre Louis, vni 8, 66,
236, 667 ; and Brumaire, 676, 680 sq. ;
IX 4; 12, 390; improves Neapolitan
finance, 405
Boell, Jonkheer Johan, Dutch statesman,
XII 247
Boelofs, Willem, Dutch painter, xii 249
Bomer, Friedrich, Wiirtemberg politician,
XI 62; 148
Olaus, Danish astronomer, v 715
Bcemond, Elorimond de, ii 296
Boennov. See Boskilde, Bishops of
Bontgen, Conrad Wilhelm, discoverer of
X-rays, xii 788 sq.
Boer river, Coburg defeats French at,
VIII 419; the Austrians driven across,
436
Boermonde, taken by William of Orange
(1572), III 232 sq. ; taken by Marlborough
(1702), V 406; Austria and, vi 631; pro-
posed bishopric of, xi 665
Boeskilde, Treaty of (1568), iv 166, 429,
541, 585 sqq.; (1658), v 147, 558
Boust, Diethelm, Burgomaster of Zurich,
n 327
Marcus, Burgomaster of Zurich, n
315, 318, 322
Bogeard, Louis-Auguste, French journalist,
XI 486
Boger II, King of Sicily, ,i 9
du Nord, Comte Edouard, French
politician, xi 186
Bogers, James Edwin Thorold, economist,
xii 850
John, Protestant martyr, ii 533,
538
John, arrest of, iv 447
Bobert, vii 127
Boget, French nationalist, xii 121
Boggenburg, stormed by peasants, ii 181
Bogier, Charles, Belgian statesman, x 532 ;
535 sqq. ; xi 670 sq. ; returns to of&ce,
672; policy of, 673; 674
Bohan, Armand - Gaston - Maximilien de.
Cardinal, vi 131
Henri, 1st Duke of, iv 41 ; Valtelline
campaign of, 59 sqq.; 683; rising of,
115; leader of Princes, 122; 124; in
Poitou, 126 sq.; 130; 132 sqq.; 148 sq. ;
at Bheinfelden, 375
Hercule, Duke of, iii 690
Jean, Sire de, i 394
Marguerite de Bethune, Mme de.
Messieurs du Marais at house of, iv
156
Bohan, Prince de. Grand Master of Knights
of St John, IX 39-40
Bohan-Chabot, Louis M. Bretagne Domi-
nique, Duke of, vin 751
Bohan - Guemen^, Charges - Alain - Gabriel,
Due de Montisazon, Austrian general,
surrender of, ix 258
Bohault, Jacques, French Cartesian philo-
sopher, IV 791
Bohilkhand, vi 524; campaign in (1774),
569 sq.; danger of, to Oudh, ix 724;
campaign in (1858), xi 749
Bohillas, The, vi 569 sq. ; 572; 582 sq.
Eohlfs, Gerhard, African explorer, xn 811 :
813
Bohrbach, Jacklein, leader in Peasants'
Bising, II 182 sq., 187 sqq.
'*Roi Soleil," The, iii 769
Bojas, Fray Domingo de, Spanish Beformer,
II 407 sq., 410
Fernando de, Celestina, i 380
Bokelle river, exploration on, xn 807
Boland, Philippe-Laurent, French sculptor,
IX 134
Camisard leader, v 26
de la Platiere, Jean-Marie, Minister
of Interior to Louis XVI, vin 223 sq.,
227, 231, 238; arrest of, 242, 244; in
National Convention, 250 sq. ; at King's
trial, 256; resignation of, 263; death of,
357
de la Platiere, Madame Manon
Jeanne, viii 213 sq., 249; arrest of, 274;
death of, 357
Eolandis di Castel-Alfeo, di, leader of
Jacobin plot in Bologna, vin 557
Boli9a, Wellesley attacks (1808), ix 440
lioll, Zwinglian theologian, ii 327
Schultheiss, of Solothurn, vi 615
Bollin, Charles, French historian, xn 817
Boma, Jean de, persecution of Waldenses
by, n 289
Bomagna, Cesare Borgia and, i 238, 242,
n 1; Julius II and, i 128, 246; brigand-
age in, III 430, 432; Legation of, ceded
to Venice (1797), viii 583; revolutionary
movement in (1830), x 120, 122, 123, 150;
rebellion in (1831), 155; freebooters in
(1843), 153; Precetto Politico in, 168;
national movement in, xi 384; 386; 388;
annexed to Italy, 709; socialism in, xii
232
Bomagnosi, Gian Domenica G. G., x 124;
128
Bomaine, William, popular preacher, vi
79
Eoman de la Rose, i 415
Bomanin, S., Italian historian, xii 842
Bomano, Haddick at, ix 61
Francesco, Italian Austin friar, ii
391
Giulio, Italian painter, ii 13, 28
Paolo, Italian sculptor, ii 13
Bomanoff, House of. See Bussia, and the
Tsars under their several names
General Index,
549
Eomanoff, Alexis, Tsar. See Alexis
Michael, Tsar, See Michael
Theodore. See Philaret
Romanovsky, Dmitry, Eussian general, xi
631
Romans (Dauphine), Assembly at (1788),
vni 116 sq., 129
Romantic movement in European literature.
The, Vol. VI, Chap, xxiv ; and the French
Revolution, vin 776 ; Vol. x. Chap, xxn,
The Revolution in English poetry and
fiction, peissim. See also Literature
Romanzoff, Count Nicholas, Russian
Minister of Foreign Affairs, ix 305;
policy of, 307; 311, 312; at Erfurt, 319;
321
Rome, The ecclesiastical state of
I vii Rome and the Temporal Power,
219-52
xviii Catholic Europe, passim, 620-
52
xix The Eve of the Reformation,
passim, 653-92
[See also xvi and xvii. The Classi-
cal and Christian Renaissance]
II i Medicean Rome, 1-35
[See also xii and xviii, The
Catholic South and The
Church and Reform, passim]
m xiii Rome under Sixtus V, 422-55
IV ixiii Papal Policy, 666-88
VI xvi Italy and the Papacy, 586-610
IX vii The Concordats, 180-207
xiv The French Dependencies, 400
sqq.
xix and xxi The Congress of Vienna,
passim, 576-615, 646-71
x iv Italy, passim, 104-30
V The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, 131-61
XI iv Italy in Revolution (1846-9),
passim, 65-95
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of
Italy (1849-61), passim, 366-
92
xix The completion of Italian Unity
(1846-70), passim, 529-49
XXV Rome and the Vatican Council
(1846-70), 703-23
xn V [and] The Third French Re-
public, passim, 91-133
viii United Italy, 229 sq.
xxii The modem Law of Nations and
the prevention of war, passim,
705 sqq.
Rome, city of, entered by Charles VIII
(1494), I 114, 230; Vatican Library at,
552; Academy of, founded by Laetus,
560; sack of (1527), 567, ii 24, 28, 33,
55 sqq., in 466 sq., 470; under Medici
Popes, Vol. II, Chap, i; Charles V
in, 29; attack on, by Colonna (1526),
54; Luther summoned to, 132; Luther
in, 117 sq. ; University of, 16 sq. ; in
447, 454, X 137; Charles V's troops in.
III 105, 454; alarmed by approach of
Barbarossa, 112; League against Turks
formed in (1538), 114; seminary at, 287;
394; under Sixtus V, Chap, xni passim;
James I sends agent to, 555; influence
of Charles Emmanuel at, 686 ; Richelieu
in, IV 123 ; 592 ; 601 ; De Retz and, 615,
618 ; threatened, 686 ; Milton in, v 118 ;
740; Jacobites in, vi 110, 113; Alberoni
at, 125; 586; Jesuits in, 595; 626; risuig
in (1797-8), vni 637; ix 42; French
influence in, 69; condition of, under
Pius VII, 88; negotiations in (1801),
183; annexed by Napoleon (1809), 196-7;
return of Pius VII to (1814), 201, x 131;
French occupation of, ix 343, 390, 400,
X 132; MioUis' troops in (1808), ix 401;
second city in French Empire, 402;
King and Queen of Spain in, 433 ; Murat
occupies (1815), 621; street lighting in,
abolished, x 13; interregnum (1814) in,
134; Francis I in, 137; brigands in,
138; executions in, 152; Bonaparte plot
in, 154; Mettemich in, 365; 1846-70,
Vol. XI, Chap. XXV passim; Nicholas I
at, 71; government reform in, 79; 80;
the situation in, 84; Republic in, 91,
93 sq.; French intervention in, 94 sq.,
121 sqq., 125 sqq.; Lombard Legion
in, 367 ; reaction in, 378 ; French troops
in, 384, 462, 494, 530, 538; evacuated
by the French, 485, 541; 387; as
capital of Italy, 391, 539; 392; 469;
Napoleon III and, 478; second French
expedition to, 485 sq. ; policy of Ricasoli
towards, 530 sq. ; policy of Rattazzi to-
wards, 534; Garibaldi marches against,
542; reunited to Italy, 544; xii 115;
first Italian parliament at, 213 ; riots at,
217 ; democratic demonstrations in, 219 ;
225 sq. ; Pius IX and, 229; 230; socialist
congresses at, 231 sq.; President Loubet
at, 242; 820; 824; Archaeological Insti-
tute of, 843
Rome, "King of." See Napoleon II
Romeo and Juliet, ni 378
Romero, Julian de, ni 233; 520
Romilly, Sir Samuel, vin 149, 755; be-
comes Solicitor-General, rx 685; and
criminal law, 692; 396; x 598; 604
Romme, Gilbert, French deputy, viu 388,
784
Romney, Henry Sidney, Lord Sidney and
Earl of, V 242; Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
land, 320 ; VI 493 sq.
Romny Fair, x 428
Eomolino, Francesco, Bishop of Herda. See
Ilerda
Romont, lost by Savoy, in 405-6
Count de, ally of Charles the Bold,
I 390, 446
Romorantin, Edict of (1560), n 298
Roncali, Federico. See Alcoy, Count of
Roncesvalles, French attack (1813), ix 479
sq.
660
General Index.
Bonciglione, the Barberini and, iv 685
Eoncourt, French force at, xi 592
Bondeau, Claudius, English political agent
in Bussia, v 555 sq. ; vi 306 ; 308
Eondinelli, Fra, Franciscan opponent of
Savonarola, i 181
Eonge, Johannes, religious Beformer, xi 52 ;
146
Bonnow, Charles of Lorraine at, vi 234
Bonquillo, Don Pedro, Spanish ambassador
in England, v 217
Bodrigo, Spanish judge, i 373
Bonsard, Pierre de, m 54-6 ; 61 ; 71 ; 376 ;
467; and Malherbe, v 65; 68
Eonsin, Charles-Philippe, Bepublican gene-
ral, VIII 360, 362
P^re, Jesuit, x 72; 94
Booke, Sir George, Admiral, v 411 sqq.
Boon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Count von,
Prussian field-marshal. Minister of War,
XI 406 sq. ; 409 sq. ; and Schleswig-
Holstein, 440; 449; 456; 579; xii 149
Boos, Lord (John Manners). See Butland
Boosebeke, battle of (1382), i 425 sq.
Boosevelt, Theodore, President of United
States, XII 531
*'Boot-and-Branch" Petition and Bill, iv
291 sqq.
Boper, Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas
More, II 443
Bopscha, murder of Peter III at, vi 662 sq.
Boquefeuil, Count de, French naval officer,
VI 110; 239
Borke's Drift, defence of, xii 636
Bosaeus, iii 648
Bosas, capitulation of, to French (1645), iv
699; Old Pretender at, vi 105; taken
by Saint-Cyr (1808), ix 448
Juan Manuel, Argentine dictator,
rule of, X 301 ; xii 674 ; 680 sq. ; defeat
of, 682; 683
Juan Martinez de, x 278
Boscher, Wilhelm, German economist, xn
850
Boscoe, William, viii 765
Boscrea, Beconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Bose, George, Secretary to Treasury, ix
679; 682
Sir George Henry (son of above),
British Minister to the United States,
vii 332 sq.
Sir Hugh Henry. See Strathnaim,
Lord
Sir John, and Alabama controversy,
VII 636
Bosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th
Earl of, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, xii
43, 49; Ministry of, 51 sq.; 87 sq. ; and
Chitral, 487
Bosecrans, William Starke, victory of, at
Bich Mountain (1861), vii 457; succeeds
Buell, 507 sqq.; at Chickamauga, 509
sq.; 578
Eosen, Baron, Eussian general, x 468 ; 470
Bosenberg, Peter of, Bohemian politician,
I 338
Bosenbliit, Hans, German poet, n 175 sq.
Bosenburg, Count, Austrian envoy to St
Petersburg, vi 317
Prince, defeated by Davout (1809), ix
853
Bosendal, compromise of (1503), i 451
Bosenkampff, Gustav, Baron, and codifi-
cation of Bussian Laws, x 418
Bosenkrans, Olaf, author of Apologia nobi-
litatis Daniae, v 579
Bosenkrone, Baron Marcus Gerhard, Danish
Foreign Minister, vi 754
BosenroU, Christopher, iv 52
Bosenthal, Nedermeyer van, Dutch poli-
tician, XI 662
Boses, Wars of the, i 309, 463
Bosetta, Dugua occupies, viii 601, 606;
British defeat at (1807), ix 235
Bosicrucians, Society of, iv 4 ; and Frederick
William H of Prussia, vi 725 sqq.
Bosily, French admiral, supersedes Ville-
neuve, ix 229
Boskilde, Bishops of: —
Joachim Boennov, n 614, 616
Lage Ume, ii 609, 613
Bosmini, Antonio, ii 35 ; writings of,
X 128; and Church reform, 168; and
Italian Federation, xi 89 sq. ; and Pius
IX, 705
Bosne, Seigneur de, French refugee and
Spanish commander in Netherlands, in
628; League captain, 663, 670
Bosny. See Sully, Duke of
Bospigliosi, Giulio. See Clement IX
Boss, victory of Ormond at (1643), iv 526
Bishop of. See Lesley, John
Alexander Stewart, Duke of, i 485
■ Sir James, Polar expeditions of, xn
814 sq.
Sir John, Arctic expedition of, xn
814
Bobert, British general, vn 344 sq.
Bonald, Major, and malaria, xii 779
Major, in New South Wales, ix
737
Bossbach, battle of, vi 270 sqq., 280, 286,
290, 295, 299, 408
Bossem, Martin van, invades Netherlands
(1542), n 76 ; commands troops of Cleves,
242
Bossetti, Christina Georgina, xi 354
Dante Gabriel, xi 351; 353; the
poetry of, 357; 365
Gabriele, Italian poet, x 112; 126;
XI 545
Bossi, Ernesto, Italian actor, xi 548
Cav. Giovanni Battista de, Italian
archaeologist, xii 847
Count Pellegrino Luigi Odoardo, x
165; French ambassador at Bome, 167;
XI 68 ; 74 ; 81 ; the administration of,
90; murder of, 91, 117; 93; 705
Pietro de', Italian general, i 262
General Index.
651
Eossignol, Jean-Antoine, vni 228, 234; in
Vendee, 346, 353, 360; and Babeuf con-
spiracy, 504
Eossini, Gioacchino, x 103, 129
Bossitz, League at (1607), m 721
Rosslyn, Earl of. See Loughborough
Rostock, congress summoned to (1563), iv
163; 196; 204; capitulates to Tott (1631),
207
Rostoff, annexed by Ivan the Great, v 479
R6stoff-on-the-Don, murders in, xn 305;
332; 363
Bostopchin, Count Feodor Vasilievitch, ix
35 ; 40 sqq. ; plot of, 487 ; Governor of
Moscow, 496
Rostov, Archbishop of. See Mazeievich
Dositheus, Archbishop of, v 540
Rostovtseff, Jacob, xi 614 sq.
Rota Club, founded by Harrington, iv 546
Rothembourg, Count of, French ambassador
at Madrid, vi 146 sq.; 150; 155
Bothenburg, joins Evangelical Brotherhood,
II 188; recovered from peasants (1525),
190; Meeting of the Protestant Union
at (1608), ni 726; (1611), iv 2; (1619),
29; Austrians at, vi 292
Bothenthurm, French repulse at (1798),
VIII 640
Bothes, John Leslie, 7th Earl and 1st
Duke of, V 282; 284
Eothschild, House of, x 357; 369
Lionel Nathan de, Baron Rothschild,
XI 330; 345
Nathan, financier, x 742 sq.
Nathan Meyer Rothschild, Lord, xi
330
Rotrou, Jean, French dramatic poet, v
68
Botteck, Karl Wenceslas Bodecker von, x
351; 361; 377; Universal History, xii
826
Botterdam, Oldenbameveldt Pensionary of,
ni 624; trading companies at, 632;
Contra-Bemonstrants driven from, 648;
Bemonstrants driven from, 652; "anti-
synod" at, 653; interests of port of,
IV 466 ; favours the Stadholder, viii 287 ;
occupied by the French, 436; jealousy of
Antwerp against, x 533; and Eastern
trade, 761 ; port of, xn 249
Bottman, Bernard, Beformer of Miinster,
II 224 sq.; theocratic ideas of, iii 755
Rottweil, Gu6briant wounded at, iv 388
Roubaix, socialism at, xn 125
Roucoux, battle of, vi 247, 331
Bouen, bourse started at, ii 65; Lutheran-
ism in, 291; siege of (1562), ni 3;
Assembly held at (1563), 6; Archbishop
attempts to address Protestant congre-
gation at, 30; besieged by Essex (1591),
50-1, 612; relieved by Farnese (1592),
617, 626, 659-60; acknowledges Henry
IV, 663, 665-6, 672; Parlemmt of,
661, 664, 672, v 4, vi 348, viii 47 sq. ;
and Canada, vn 71, 77; Bepublican
banquets at, xi 40; 114; 602 sq.; the
Germans in, 606 sq. ; 610; xn 101;
harbour of, 102
Eouget • de L'Isle, Claude- Joseph, and
French Bestoration, rx 565
Bouher, Eugene, French Minister of
Justice, XI 129; 131 sqq.; 140; and
Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce, 470;
Minister of State, 477; 480; rivalry of,
with Ollivier, 481 sq.; 485; President of
Senate, 490; 492; 543; xn 106 sqq.
Eouill^, Antoine-Louis, French Minister of
Foreign Affairs, vi 333; 335; 338
Bouland, Gustave, French statesman, xi
478
Boumania, Napoleon III and, xi 306, 308 ;
formation of, 633; Constitution of, 646;
Germany and, xii 166; Eussia and, 305;
381; insurrection in, 384; and Turkey,
388; 392; 394; and Treaty of Berlin,
395, 397 sqq.; affairs in (1881-1907),
414 sq.; and Kutzo-Vlachs, 424; 428;
762
Boumans, i 83; in Hungary, xi 173, 180,
207; rising of, 202; 217
Boumelia, Eussian designs on, ix 306;
Eastern, xn 3 ; union of, with Bulgaria,
43, 341, 406, 408; Treaty of Berlin and,
395 ; 399 ; government of, 405 sq.
Boundway Down, battle of (1643), iv 313,
316
Bous, Francis, Provost of Eton, y 763
Sir John, vi 456
Bousseau, Jean-Baptiste, xi 423
Jean-Jacques, ni 747, 765, 767; v
70 sq.; 277; vi 165; 796; writings
of, 823 sqq., 828 sq., 834 sq. ; influence
of, in America, vn 174; vni 1 sqq.;
Contrat Social, 7, 29 sq., 173 sq., 177,
180 sqq., 208; 15, 26, 27-32; 136;
teachings of, ix 361-2; influenced by
English writers, 427 ; x 8 ; 40 ; 698 ; 710 ;
725; XI 423; 608; 619; 628; xn 744;
767 sq. ; 8I7
Pierre-Etienne-Th^odore, painter, xi
628
Boussel, Gerard. See Oloron, Bishop of
Eousselin. See Saint-Albin
Boussillon, ceded to Spain (1493), i 111,
229, 362; 366; French occupation of
(1542), II 76; Edict of, in 7; French
in, IV 147 sq., 645, 647; lost to Spain,
650, 653, 662; Peace of the Pyrenees
and, 660, v 33; Spain and, vi 141;
Spanish troops occupy (1793), vm 432
Boussin, Albin-Eeine, Baron, French ad-
miral, in the Tagus, x 325 sq. ; ambas-
sador at Constantinople, 512, 652 sq.
Eoux, Jacques, Eevolutionary, vni 342
Eovere. See Delia Bovere.
Eov^re, J. - S. - Franpois - Xavier, French
deputy, vm 340, 512
Boveredo, Austrian defeat near (1796), vni
678
BoviSre, de La. See La BoyiSre
552
General Index.
Eovigo, taken by the Austrians, xi 87
Bovuma river, Livingstone on, xii 809
Bow, John, IV 491
Eowton Heath, battle of (1645), iv 333
Eoxburghe, John Ker, 1st Duke of, vi 107
Eoxo, Cape, Portugal and, xn 660
Boxolana, in 121; procures murder of
Ahmad Pasha, 124
Boy, Comte Antoine, French Minister of
Finance, x 62; opposes compensation
for the €migres, 83
Henry de, iv 788
Pierre Le, m 69-70
Boyal African Company, formation of, v
108; 149; 178 sq.; 689; 692 sq.; vil87sq.
Niger Company, xii 3; 659 sq.
Society of London, v 124 ; 132 ; 740
sq. ; 752 ; 754 ; and Maltese fever, xii 779
Boyer-Collard, Pierre-Paul, ix 133; x 42
sqq. ; 47; supports Eichelieu and the
Crown, 48 sqq. ; electoral plan of, 51 sq.;
and the Doctrinaires, 52 sq. ; 54; defends
army reform proposals, 55 ; and the pro-
posed Concordat, 56; 57 sqq. ; resignation
of, 60; declines office, 61 sq. ; 63 sq. ; and
new electoral proposals, 65 sqq. ; and
de Serre, 67 sq. ; dismissed from Council
of State, 68; 69 sq. ; 73; opposes new
Press Law, 77; President of Chamber,
93; and Polignac Ministry, 98; 102;
opposes Doctrinaires, 492; 502; and fall
of Mol^, 510
E6zanoff, Russian writer, xii 333
Eozhdestvensky, Zinivy Petrovich, Russian
admiral, xii 594 sq. ; 598 sq.
Buamps, Pierre- Charles, French politician,
VIII 388
Eubeanus, Crotus (Johannes Jager of Dront-
heim), Epistolae Ohscurorum Virorum
and, I 573, 684, ii 696 ; scholar at Erfurt,
111
Rub-el-Khali, desert of, xii 805
Rubi, Marquis of, Governor of Madrid, vi 382
Rubino, Joseph, Roman historian, xii 843
Rucellai, Bernardo, Api, iii 468, 470
Tuscan Minister, vi 602
Rucherath, Johann. See Wesel, Johann
Rudbeck, Glaus, v 576; 728
Thure, Marshal of Swedish Diet, vi
764; 776
Rude, Francois, x 103
Rudini, Marchese di, Italian statesman, xii
217
Rudiszcze, Charles XII at, v 600
Rudolf, Lake, discovered, xii 813
I (of Habsburg), Emperor, v 622
II, Emperor, in 161 ; becomes King
.of Romans and of Hungary, 179-80;
Sixtus V and, 449-50, 519 ; and Henry IV,
687-8; the Empire under. Chap, xxi;
death of, iv 1 ; 9 ; privilege granted by,
as to Bohemian forfeitures, 72; 79; 624
Crown Prince of Austria, xn 175
Budolff, Christoff M., German mathe-
matician, V 709
Rue, besieged by Parma, m 61
Biichel, Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp
von, Prussian general, ix 274-5; 282
Eiickert, Friedrich, German poet, and
national feeling, ix 335
Bueda, Lope de (1550), Spanish playwright,
I 380
Biidiger, Count FedorWassiliewich, Bussian
general, xi 213
Riigen, iv 104; 106; Wallenstein on, 107;
192 ; allotted to Sweden, 404 ; defence of
(1676), V 569; 570; 579; Swedes in,
608; 611; lost by Swedes (1678), 652;
Sweden and, vi 37; 276; Lord Cathcart
at (1807), IX 289, 295; ceded to France,
300; restored to Sweden (1810), 323;
ceded to Prussia (1815), 656; Spielhagen's
writings on, xi 420
Rueil, French Court at, iv 607 ; Treaty of
(1649), 611
Rtippell, Wilhelm Eduard, German traveller,
XII 806 ; 810 sq.
Riitimeyer, Ludwig, Swiss zoologist, xi 260
Ruffo, Fabricio Denis, Cardinal, Neapolitan
general, vin 631 sq., 657 sq., 779; x 135
Rufus, Mutianus. See Mutti, Conrad
Ruga, Milanese advocate, one of Cisalpine
Triumvirate, ix 84
Ruge, Arnold, German democrat, xi 50
Ruhl, Phihppe-Jacques, viii 300, 388
Ruiz del Padrdn, Antonio Jos^, x 219
Rukavina, Georg, Baron von Widovgrad,
Austrian general, viii 558
Rullion Green, Pentland rising suppressed
at (1666), V 110, 284
Rullo, Donate, at Viterbo, n 398
Rumbold, Sir George, ix 249
Richard, and Rye House plot, v
229 sq.
" Rumes " (or Rumi), general Eastern name
for European traders, i 27
Rumpf, Wolfgang von, in 697
Rumsey, John, Colonel, and Rye House
plot, V 229
Rumyantseff, Count, Russian statesman, ix
485
Alexander, Russian general, v 639;
VI 307
Peter, Russian general, vi 280; in
Pomerania, 286 sq. ; 328; 647; 697; 773
Runeberg, Johan Ludwig, Finnish poet,
X 434
Rupert, Count Palatine. See Palatinate
Prince Palatine, iv 304; at Powick
Bridge, 307; sacks Brentford, 308; 312;
storms Bristol, 313; 315; 319; relieves
Newark, 321; at Marston Moor, 322,
324; 329; at Naseby, 330; 331 sqq.; in
Ireland, 463, 532; at Lisbon, 464 sq. ;
467 sq. ; at battle of Lowestoft, v 181 ;
in naval campaign of 1666, 183 sqq. ;
190; in naval campaign of 1672-3, 194
sqq.; 210
Rupert's Land, Canada and, xi 771
Rupp, Julius, German theologian, xi 61
General Index.
653
Euppa, Wenceslas William von, provisional
rule of, in Prague, iv 21; 28; 66; 71
Euppin, Hohenlohe at, ix 279
Euremonde. See Eoermonde
Bus, Eussian journal, xii 309; 354
Eusca, Nicholas, Archpriest of Sondrio,
killed, rv 46 sq. ; avenged, 49
Eusconi, Antonio, Cardinal, x 150
Eusdorf, Johann von, and Palatine family,
IV 70; 90; 209
Eush, Eichard, United States Minister to
Great Britain, vn 369
Eushe, Sir Francis, ni 613
Euskin, John, xi 355 sq.
Eussell, Edward, Earl of Orford, Admiral.
See Orford
John. See Bedford, Earl of
. Earl (Lord John Eussell), vii 636;
X 512; 593; and parliamentary reform,
600 sqq., 609 sq.; and Eeform Bills,
610, 613 sq., 617 sq.; 655; and Irish
Tithe Bill, 662, 668; 663; 666; Home
Secretary, 669; and O'Connell, ib.\ and
municipal reform, 670 sq. ; 672 ; and
Dissenters' marriages, 673; and Queen
Victoria, 678; Colonial Secretary (1839),
679; and Free Trade, 680; 683; and
Canada, 692; xi 10; Ministry of (1846-
52), 11 sqq. ; and Palmerston, 18 ; resigns,
21 ; and Aberdeen Ministry, 309 sq. ;
and Eussia, 312 ; and causes of Crimean
War, 316; resigns, 320; at Peace Con-
ference, 321 sq. ; 325; 328 sq. ; Foreign
Secretary, 331 ; Italian policy of, 331 sq. ;
333; and Alabama incident, 337, xii 720 ;
and parliamentary reform (I860) , xi 339 ;
defeat of, 339 sq. ; 529 ; and Morocco,
564; and the colonies, 758 sq., 762, 764
sq. ; and China, 815 ; and United States,
XII 19, 21; 31; 69
Lord Odo. See Ampthill, Lord
Thomas, organises revolt in Ulster,
IX 706 sq.
Thomas Wallace, Irish politician, xu
89
Sir William, Lord Deputy of Ireland,
ni605
William, Lord Eussell, v 216; 222;
and Exclusion Bill, 226 ; 239 ; execution
of, 230; 259
Lord William, and Dom Pedro, x
335
Colonel, imprisonment of, iv 447
Russia
IV V The Vasa in Sweden and
Poland, passim, 158-89
XX The Scandinavian North, pas-
sim, 578-91
V xii Austria, Poland, and Turkey,
passim, 338-71
xvi Eussia (1462-1682), 477-517
xvii Peter the Great and his pupils
(1689-1730), 518-57
xix Charles XII and the Great
Northern War, 584-615
Russia {contd.)
VI vii Poland under the Saxon Kings,
passim, 91-200
ix The Seven Years' War, passim^
251-300
X Eussia under Anne and Eliza-
beth, 301-28
xviii Joseph II, passim, 626-56
xix Catharine II, 657-701
XX (1) Frederick the Great and his
successor. Home policy, 702-
28
XX (2) Poland and Prussia, passim,
729-34
xxii The Hats and Caps and Gus-
tavus III, passim, 758-84
VIII X The foreign policy of Pitt,
passim, 276-98
xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim,
306-37
xvii The extinction of Poland (1788-
97), passim, 521-52
xxi The Second Coalition (against
the French Eevolution) , pas-
sim, 633-64
XXV Europe and the French Eevo-
lution, 784 sqq.
IX ii The Armed Neutrality (1780-
1801), passim, 34-54
iii The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), passim, 55-80
ix The Third Coalition , I (1805-6) ,
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition,n (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
xi The Napoleonic Empire (1807-
9), passim, 294-340
xiii The Continental System, pas-
sim, 361-89
xvi Eussia under Alexander I, and
the uavasion of 1812, 483-505
xvii The War of Liberation (1813-4) ,
passim, 506-54
xviii The First Eestoration (1814-5),
passim, 555-75
xix The Congress of Vienna, I
(1814-5), passim, 576-602
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II
(1815), passim, 646-71
X i The Congresses (1815-22),
passim, 1-39
vi Greece and the Balkan Penin-
sula, passim, 169-204
xiii Eussia, 413-44
xiv Poland and the Polish Revolu-
tion, passim, 445-74
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
XI ix Eussia and the Levant
(1) Eussia under Nicholas I,
262-74
fQ) The Levant, passim, 275-
85
xi Great Britain and the Crimean
War {1852-Q), passim, 309-24
554
General Index,
Russia [contd.)
XI xxii Eussia and the Levant after
the Crimean War
(1) Eussia and the period of
reform, 613-34
(2) The Balkan Lands, 635-
47
(3) Eussian Literature (1800-
1900), 648-60
xxviii The Far East (1815-71), 802-65
xn vi The German Empire, passim,
134-73
xii Eeaction and Eevolution in
Eussia, 294-345
xiii The Eeform movement in
Eussia, 346-80
xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, passim,
381-428
zvi The British Empire in India,
passim, 457-99
xvii The Far East, passim, 500-36
xix The Eusso-Japanese War, 576-
601
Eussia, Little, v 504 sq. ; 596; Catharine II
and, VI 693 sqq. ; land tenure in, xi 616 ;
xn339
Eed, ra 73; VI 630; 669
White, V 504 sq. ; vi 630; 669 sq.;
XII 337; Poles in, 339
Eussian Academy of Sciences, vi 697
American Company, xi 632
Company, in Berlin, vi 324
Emsian Courier, journal, xii 312
Gazette, xii 314
Messenger, xi 625
Review, journal, xn 314
Word, suppressed, xn 295; 297
Eusso, Vincenzo, vm 779
Eustchuk, Eussian capture of (1810), ix
485; Turkish troops at, xi 283; Midhat
Pasha at, xn 383; 409
Eustem Pasha, Grand Vezir, and Peace
of 1547, III 120 ; conspires for murder of
Prince Mustafa, 121 ; replaced in office
of Grand Vezir, 124
Euthenes, The, Count Stadion and, xi
175
Euthenia, forced conversions in, x 425
Eutherford, Ernest, and radio-activity, xn
790
Eutherglen, rising of recusants at (1679),
V 285
Euthven, Eaid of, iii 288, 550
Patrick, 3rd Lord, in 271
William. See Gowrie
Rutland, Charles Manners, 4th Duke of,
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, vi 468, 503;
Lord Privy Seal, 468; death of, 474,
505
John Manners, Lord Eoos, 1st Duke
of, V 212
Eutledge, John, deputy for South Carolina
at Constitutional Convention (1787), vn
246, 265, 267, 281, 284, 290, 296, 302
Eutledge, Walter, Jacobite, vi 111
Euuth, Eric, Swedish President of Finance,
VI 777 sq.
Euvigny, Henri de Massue, 1st Marquis de,
French ambassador in England, v 211;
217 sq.
Henri de Massue, 2nd Marquis de.
Earl of Galway. See Galway
Euwenzori, Mount, discovered, xn 812
Euysbroeck, Johannes (Eusbroek), Flemish
mystic, i 434, 627
Euysch, Frederik, anatomist, v 738
Nicolas, Secretary to the States
General, v 145
Euyter, Michael Adriaanzoon de, Dutch
admiral, victory of, off Plymouth, rv
472 ; 473 ; 476 ; 478 ; 589 ; seizes Swedish
ships in South, 591; v 43; on coast of
Guinea, 108, 149, 179; m Medway, 113,
150 sq., 188; blockades Swedish fleet,
147; at Southwold Bay, 158, 192 sq.; at
Schooneveld, 161; in Mediterranean, 161
sq.; 178; 181; at Bergen, 182; in naval
campaign of 1666, 183 sq. ; 186 sq. ; 189;
in naval campaign of 1672-3, 194 sqq. ;
death of, 44, 162
Eyazan, annexed to Eussia, v 479; 500 sq.;
Milyuk6fE banished to, xn 315
Stephen Yavorsky, Archbishop of, v
530; 535 sqq.; 547
Eybinski, Michael, Polish general, x 473
Eydberg, Viktor, Swedish writer, xn 280
Eye House plot, v 229 sq. ; 259
Eyer. See Du Eyer
Eyhove, in 248, 250
Eyland, George, secret mission of, from
Canada, ix 746
Eyleieff, Condratij, Eussian poet, x 431 sq.;
and December insurrection, 440 sqq.;
execution of, 443
Eymer, Thomas, author, v 133
Eysakofif , attempts to assassinate Alexander
II, xn 310
Eyswyk, Contra-Eemonstrants at, in 648
Peace of (1697), v 32 sq.; 45; 62 sq.
274; 370; 374; and Spanish Succes
sion, 379 sq.; 382; 397; 399; 450; 453
Sweden and, 584; and Hispaniola, 688
691 ; 703 ; vi 12 ; 32 ; 151 ; and Acadia,
vn 90, 111 ; vm 15, 68
Ezevuski, Henryk, Polish novelist, xi 658
Saadat Ali, Wazir of Oudh, exactions from,
IX 721
Saale river, Soubise at, vi 268, 270 sqq.;
297
Saarbriicken, engagement at, xi 583, 585 sq.
Saardam, Peter the Great at, v 523
Saargemiind, French force at, xi 586
Saarlouis, retained by France, v 63 ; fortress
of, transferred to Germany, ix 664
Saba, captured by English (1665), v 110;
in possession of Dutch, 687
Sabaeus, Faustus, of Brescia, librarian of
Vatican, i 617
I
General Index,
^b^
Sahara, discovery of gold at, vi 390
Sabathier, Abb6, and Etats GSneratix, vrn
106, 108
Sabina of Bavaria. See Egmont
Sabinus, Petrus, lecturer in Academy of
Eome, n 17
Sable, Abel Servien, Marquis de, French
plenipotentiary at Miinster, iv 402 sqq. ;
at the Hague, 602; and Mazarin, 608;
612; 614 sq.; death of, 621
Sabran, Madame de, vi 134
Sabugal, defeat of French at (1811), ix 463;
Wellington at, 468
Sabfiroff, Russian Minister of Public In-
struction, XII 309; 312
Sacchi, Bartolommeo. See Platina
Ettore, Italian statesman, xn 225;
228
Sacheverell riots, v 337
Henry, v 429; 467 sqq.; vi 47; 78;
80; 815; 817
William, v 216; 222
Sachs, Hans, Wittenbergische Nachtigall, n
159
Sa-chu, travellers at, xii 799, 802 sq.
"Saci, M. de." See Le Maistre de Saci
Sacile, Franco-Italian army defeated at
(1809), IX 355
Sack, Samuel Gottfried, Prussian Bishop,
X 382
Sacken, F. G. von der Osten, Prince,
Eussian general, in Poland, ix 514, 524 ;
at Leipzig, 539; at La Fert6, 547
Baron von, Saxon ambassador to
Eussia, VI 704
Sackett's Harbour, British repulse at (1813),
vn 341, 343
Sackville, George Sackville Germain, Vis-
count (Lord George Germain, formerly
Sackville), vi 377 sq.; 435; 447; 449;
vn 211, 214, 231
Lionel Sackville Sackville- West, 2nd
Baron, British Minister to United States,
vn 660 sq.
Thomas. See Dorset
Saco (Maine), settlement at, vii 22
Sacramento, capture and restoration of,
VI 370; 374 sq.
river, gold discovered on, vn 400
Sacraments of Penance, and Indulgences,
n 125 sq. ; discussed at Council of Trent,
with Extreme Unction, 672; of Orders,
680, 683; of Matrimony, 683
Sacred College, The, in 446, 449-51, 453
Promontory, town founded by Dom
Henrique on the, i 11, 12
Sacy, Baron Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de, xii
846
Sa da Bandeira, Bernardo de Sa Nogueira,
Viscount de, Portuguese statesman, x
328; Ministry of, 338 sq.
Sadiya, caravan route to, xn 793; 796
Sadler, Michael Thomas, x 659 sq.
Sir Ealph, English ambassador in
Scotland, n 458, 574
Sadoleto, Jacopo, Cardinal-Bishop of Car-
pentras, i 560, 564, 605; n 8, 15 sqq.,
20, 24, 28, 30, 33; Oratory of Divine
Love and, 379, 640; 386; Catholic re-
form and, 397 sq.; 449, 641 sqq., 660
Sadolin, Jorgen, Danish Eeformer, n 610,
613
Sadowa, battle of. See Koniggratz
Sadras, vi 454; conference at, 542
Sadulapur, battle of, xi 741
Sadusain, battle at, xi 740
Saez, Spanish Minister, x 229 sq.
Safafik, Paul Josef, Bohemian historian,
XI 46; 654; xn 842
Safifi, Aurelio, Triumvir in Eome, xi 94 ; xn
214
Saffron Walden, Parliamentary army en-
camped at, IV 341
Saftingen, vi 642; Austrian vessel stopped
at, 643; 645
Sagallo, fort of, xn 343
Sagan, principality of, iv 103
Sagasta, Praxedes Mateo, Spanish premier,
vn 675 ; xn 263 sq.
Saghalin, Russia and, xn 344; Japan and,
574; 577; 591; 601 sq.
Sagredo, Venetian historian, in 114
Sagres, Drake at, in 305
Sagunto, battle of (1811), ix 470
Sahagun, Moore at, ix 445
Sahara, The, France and, xn 47, 129;
travellers in, 807 sq. ; 812 sq.
Sahuguet, French general, ix 53
Sa'id Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt, xi 638; xn
430 sq.; 433 sq.; 434
Saida, revolt in (1834), x 559
Saigo Kichinosuk^, Japanese politician, xi
838; 865
Takamori, Japanese Minister, xn
549 sq.; 561 sq.; rebellion of, 563; 564
Saigon, occupied by French, xn 4, 131,
524; 525; 796
Sailor's Creek, Confederate force captured
at (1865), vn 540
St Albans, council of ofl&cers at, iv 353
Earl of. See Bacon, Francis
Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of (2nd cr.),
V 112
St Alban's Head, action with Armada off
(July 23, 1588), in 312
Saint-Albin, A.-C. Omer Eousselin de Cor-
beau, Comte de, journalist, vm 367
St Amand, storming of (1815), ix 627
Saint- Andr^, Jean Bon, vin 249, 343 sq.,
375, 449 sq. ; at Brest, 465
Count, Austrian general, vi 281
St Andr^ d'Albon, Marshal of France, joins
(Guise) Triumvirate of 1561, ii 300; 303;
ni 4-5
St Andrews, Castle of, siege of, n 462
St Angelo, Castle of, i 233, 242; n 24,
64 sqq.; Clement VII in, 428; in 428
sqq. ; occupied by French, ix 195
St Angelo in Malta, holds out against
Turks, m 125
556
General Index,
Saint-Arnaud, Jacques -Achille Leroy de,
Marshal of France, xi 133 sqq. ; in
Crimea, 317 sq.
St-Amoul, besieged by Huguenots, m 4
St Aubin du Cormier, battle of (1488), i
394, 466
St Augustine (Florida), captured (1862), vii
552
St Bartholomew, island of, vni 280
■ Massacre of (1572), 1 56; iii 7, 19-20,
59, 61-2, 86, 177, 232, 257, 285, 404,
406, 550, 696, 753, 760; v 326
St Bartholomew's Day (Aug. 24, 1662), and
English Nonconformists, v 99
St Baseul, Council of (992), i 669
St Bernard Pass, captured by Dumas, vin
438; 443 sq.
St Bris, Conference of, in 42
St Castein, Baron de, vii 89, 111
St Catherine's, action with Armada off
(July 25, 1588), iii 312
St Chaumont, Marquis de, at Hamburg,
IV 377
St Christopher's. See St Kitt's
St Clair, Anglo -Polish adventurer, and
"Pomak Kepublic," xii 406
Saint-Cloud, royal army at, iii 47, 657, 660 ;
Declaration of (1589), 664, 675; Bonaparte
at, IX 24; Senate goes to, 32; Council of
State at, 172; 177; treaty constituting
Bhenish Confederation at (1806), 268;
Napoleon IH at, xi 286; 611; higher
grade school at, xii 118
St Croix, sold by France, vi 738
Saint-Cyr, military school at, ix 127, 410,
5G8
Laurent. See Gouvion
Saint-Cyran, Duvergier de Hauranne, Abb6
de, and Eichelieu, iv 123; v 82 sq.; x 159
St Denis, Greek learning at the Abbey of,
I 588 ; Huguenot forces at, ni 9 ; League
attempts to recover, 50; Henry IV hears
mass at (1593), 52; coronation of Maria
de' Medici at, 690; burial of Louis XVI
at, IX 572
St Denys, battle of (1678), v 45, 165
St Dizier, siege of (1544), n 78, m 190;
captured by Charles V (1544), ii 245, 459;
attack on (1814), rx 545
St Domingo. See San Domingo
St Dominique, France and, vi 351 sq.
St Donats, miracle of, in 284
Ste Aldegonde, Philip de Marnix, lord of,
III 201-2 ; advocate for William of Orange,
231, 233; 237; 241; 755
Sainte-Aulaire, Louis-Clair de Beaupoil,
Comte de, x 47
Sainte-Beuve, Charles -Augustin, and Napo-
leon's writings, ix 762; x 101; 516;
XI 365 ; 525 sq. ; 548 ; xii 832 ; 849
Ste Catherine, fortress of, in 415 ; destroyed
(1600), 418, 677
Sainte-Croix, battle at (1814), ix 553
Ste Foy, assembly of 1594 at, in 675
St Ehno (Malta), taken by Turks, in 125
St Elmo (Naples), Tsarevich Alexis at
fortress of, v 539
Sainte Marie aux Chines, xi 593
Sainte Marthe, Charles de, French Keformer,
n 292
Sainte-Menehould, negotiations at (1614),
IV 120
Saint-fitienne, rising at, x 492; the Com-
mune at, XI 503; labour congress at,
XII 124
St Eustatia. See St Eustatius
St Eustatius, captured by British (1665),
v 110 ; VI 186 ; 448 ; captured by French,
454
Saint-Evremond, Charles de Marguetel de
Saint-Denis, Seigneur de, v 70; 74; 126
sq. ; letters of, 132 sq.; 136; viii 4
St Fagan's, Horton's victory at (1648), iv 349
Saint-Florent, Stofflet at, vin 382
St Foy, battle of (1759), vn 142
Saint-Fremont, General, defeat of, v 402
St Gall, II 205; joins Christian Civic
League, 329; riotous proceeding at, 331
cotton manufacture in, ix 425; xi 234
236; 240; joins Siebnerkonkordat, 242
243; and Articles of Baden, 246; 248
259; and insurance against unemploy-
ment, XII 755
Abbots of, n 307, 331, vi 614 sq.
St George, Knights of (of Swabia), i 292
St Germain, Comte Claude Louis de, French
general, vi 742 sq. ; 745; Minister for
War, vin 82, 88; 400
St Germain-en-Laye, Conference at (1562),
n 303; Peace signed at (1570), in 14;
Edict of (1594), 675 ; Declaration of (1648),
IV 607, 610 sq. ; Peace of (1632), and
New France, vn 74; Treaty of (1679), v
45, 571, 647, 652, 660; peace conference
at (1668), 153; Old Pretender at, vi 91;
military school of, ix 410, 568
St Gilles, fight at (1815), ix 624
St Gothard (Hungary), battle of (1664),
V 40, 347 sq., 350
Saint Gothard (Switzerland), Pass of, ix
59, 61; road over, xi 239; tunnel, 259
St Helena, mutiny at, v 698 ; Napoleon at,
IX 428, 756 sqq.
St Helen's, Prince Eupert at, v 184
St Helens, Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron, vi
380; vm 278, 292; ix 50
Saint-Hilaire, Barth^lemy, French Foreign
Minister, xn 403; 436
Gilbert de, iv 27
L.-V.-J. Le Blond, Comte de, ix 260
Saint-Huruge, Marquis, leader of Paris
mob, vm 228
St Jacob on the Birs, battle of, vi 612
St James^ Chronicle, vi 440
St Jean d'Angely, besieged by Anjou, in 14;
surrender of a621), iv 127
St Jean-de-Losne, relief of, iv 371
St Jean de Maurienne, Treaty between
France, Venice and Sweden at (1630),
IV 679
I
I
General Index,
657
St Jean Pied-de-Port, siege of (1516), i 369;
capture of (1521), 378
Saint John (tie de Saint Jean). See Prince
Edward Island
St John (New Brunswick), social and com-
mercial centre, x 689
river (Canada), boundary of Quebec,
X 685; settlements on (1778), 687
Knights of, besieged at Rhodes by
the Turks, i 84; treaty with Turks, 86,
224; see also Ehodes; established at
Malta and Tripoli, n 60 ; 69, 451 ; Tsar
and, IX 39 sqq., 69, 73; 94; 604; 654
Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke. See
Bolingbroke
Oliver, Chief Justice, envoy at the
Hague, V 138
Sir Oliver, afterwards Viscount Gran-
dison, Irish policy of, iv 516
William Paulet, Lord. See Win-
chester, Marquis of
St John's (Quebec), fort of, captured (1775),
vn 170
(Newfoundland), capture of, vi 426
river (Florida) (the Eiver of May),
French settlement at (1564), i 55
St Julien, Treaty of (1603), in 421
Saint Julien, Count, ix 63; Austrian repre-
sentative in Paris, 65
Saint-Just, Antoine-L.-L^on de, vni 249,
255, 271 ; on the Comiti de Salut Public,
843, 345, 351, 361 sqq., 368 sqq. ; arrest
and execution of, 370 sq. ; 426 ; ix 362
St Kitts, French settlement of, rv 758 ; v
110; ceded to England (1713), 442 sq. ;
687 sq. ; British fleet at, vi 452; 454;
464; settlements on, vn 74, 78
Saint-Lambert, Jean-Franpois, Marquis de,
poet, VI 827; ix 132
St Lawrence, Indian revolt at, xii 606
Gulf of, attempts to explore, i 44;
fishing rights in, vi 428, vn 657 sq.
river, the French on, v 684 sq., vi
183, VII 71, 108 sq., 117; British expedi-
tion up, 90; defence of, 95; navigation
of, XI 776, xn 612
St Leger, Sir Anthony, Lord Deputy of
Ireland, n 471, 496, in 582, 584-6
Barry, expedition of, against Fort
Stanwix, vii 215
Sir Warham, in 608
St Louis, Lewis and Clark start from, vn
326; trade of, 360; in Civil War, 458,
471; Halleck at (1861), 493; Republican
National Convention at (1896), 672; 691
Saint-Luc, Frangois d'Espinay, Seigneur
de, holds Brouage (1585), in 41; 673
Fran9ois d'Espinay, Marquis of, iv
616
St Lucia. See Santa Lucia
St Luke, Academy of, vi 589
St Luziussteig, the French hold the, iv 58, 61
St Malo, English attack on (1692), v 261;
the Old Pretender at, vi 102; 342& (in
Vol. xiii)
C. M. U.
St Mand^, socialist meeting at, xn 127
Saint-Marsan, French ambassador at Berlin,
IX 512
St Martin, French and Dutch in, v 687;
reduced (1810), ix 240
Louis-Claude de, ix 133
St Mary's (Maryland), seized by Clay borne
and Ingle, vii 33
St Maur les Fosses, Treaty of (1465), i 389 ;
treaty between Henry III and the
Leaguers at (1585), iii 89
St Maur-sur-Loire, Benedictines of, xn 816
Congregation of (1627), v 79
St Michel, Fort, holds out against Turks,
in 125
St Nazaire, harbour works at, xn 102
St Omer, Iconoclastic riot at (1566), m 208;
failure of siege of, iv 147 ; France and, v
89, 44 ; 45 ; 162 ; 220 ; Dutch claims on,
422; Charles X at, x 90; O'ConneU at,
630
Saintonge, peasants' rising in, m 664
St Ouen, Louis XVIII at (1814), ix 562
Saint-Paul, Governor of Champagne for the
League, ni 669
St Paul's Cross, Whitgift's sermon at, m
342
School, the New Learning at, i
682
St Peter's, at Rome, the rebuilding of, n
5 sq., 10, 12, 32
St Petersburg, origin of, v 529, 590 ; 531 ;
633 sqq. ; 542; death of Peter the Great
at, 548; Peter II and, 555; Charles XII
and, 591, 596; 595; 597; 605; 609;
Academy of Science at, 741; British
mission to (1718-9), vi34; 197; Stanis-
laus Poniatowski at, 200; 253; Russian
Court moved to, 303; 812; 314; Bofcta-
Lopukhina conspiracy at, 315 sq. ; 318;
the Marquis de Chateauneuf at, 322; 324;
326 sq. ; 657 sq. ; revolution in, 662;
Prince Henry of Prussia at, 668, 731;
669; the centre of government, 682; 688;
the Russian capital, 700 ; 732 ; 778 ; Free
Economic Society of, 689; Stanislas in,
IX 86 ; Gustavus IV's visit to, 88 ; British
diplomacy at, 39; Count Litta at, 39;
Bavarian representative at, 40; Court
Gazette of, 46; Gustavus IV again at,
46 sqq. ; Prussian declaration sent to,
266 ; change of Ministry at, 272 ; Savary
at, 305; deputation of Finns to, 314;
Frederick William HI of Prussia in (1809),
344; Speranskii in, 484; Protocol of
(1826), X 191 sqq., 202; Public Library
of, 431; University of, ib., xi 624; secret
society in, x 432 sq. ; 484; Nicholas I
married at, 486 ; military insurrection at
(1820), 488; December insurrection at
(1825), 440 sq.; local government in, xi
263, 621; 266; industrial policy at, 270;
321 ; 615 ; reforms in, 618 ; 625 ; incen-
diary fires in, 627 ; demonstration in, xn
295; 301; 803; revolutionary propaganda
8d
558
General Index,
in, 304 ; 306 sq. ; student disturbances
in, 315; trade depression in, 319; 321;
325; strike in, 330 ; 332; Finnish deputa-
tion at, 335; 337; the Jews in, 341;
Ferdinand of Bulgaria at, 342; 346; po-
litical conference in, 347; 348; Gapon's
demonstrations in, 349 ; Union of Unions
Congress at, 355; 360; martial law in,
362; 365; 368; Anglo-Eussian Chamber
of Commerce at, 380 ; 478 ; Li Hungchang
at, 513
St Petersburg, Convention of (1755), vi
320; (1780), ix 44; Treaty of (1747), vi
318; (1772), 630; (1801), ix 73; (1805),
246; (1826), xi684; Conference of (1824),
X 189; Congress of (1794), vra 548; 551
Saint-Pierre (Basses-Pyrenees), battle of
(1813), IX 481
(Newfoundland), vi 346; ceded to
France, 428, 464; captured by British
(1793), vm 484, ix 749; and fishery dis-
pute, XI 776
Abb6 Charles-Irenee Castel de, vi
702, vm 15; %he Projet de...lapaix per-
petuelle of, x 2 sq.; 9
Jacques-Henri Bemardin de, vi 827;
vin 501; xi 528
St Polten, Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria
at, VI 232
Saint-Pol, Francois de Bourbon, Count of,
II 58 sq.
Comte Louis de, executed by
Louis XI, I 415
Saint-Priest, Emmanuel-Louis-Marie Gui-
gnard, Vicomte de, x 486
Frangois-Emmanuel Guignard, Comte
de, vin 163 ; French ambassador at Con-
stantinople (1768-76 and 1778-85), 595
St Privat, xi 592; battle at, 593
St Quentin, battle of (1557), n 91 sq., 294,
547, in 184, 399 sq. ; seditious attempt
on (1597), 672; returned to France (1559),
n 94 ; captured by the Germans, xi 610
Saint-Quentin, French general in Italy
(1500), I 123
Saint-Rejant, Ghouan conspirator, ix 17-8
St Roch, affair of Church of, ix 572
St Ruth, General, in Lreland, v 316 sqq.
St Sacrament, colony of (in Uruguay), v 456
St Saphorin, British Minister at Vienna, vi
80; 39
St Sauveur, settlement at, vn 72; destroyed,
ih.
Saint-S6verin, French plenipotentiary at
Aix-la-Chapeile, vi 331
Saint-Simon, Comte Claude-Henri de,
French socialist, vi 836 ; vm 8 ; ix 133 ;
XI 526; in 93; 758
Louis de Rouvroi, Duke of, v 25;
86; VI 127 sq.; 132; 135 sq.; publication
of Memoires of, xi 623
St Stephen, Order of, m 391-2
Saint-Sulpice, seminary of, v 78 sq.
St Thomas, taken by the Danes (1671), v
St Thome, captured by the Dutch (1675), T
696 '
St Trond, meeting ai (1566), in 207
St Ursula's Schiffiein, German religious
association, n 108, 122
St Venant, captured by the Allies (1710), v
429
St Venceslas, Treaty of (1517), i 338
St Vincent, Cape. See Cape St Vincent
island of, claimed by French, v 687
VI 185; 332; capture of (1762), 346
426; assigned to Great Britain, 428
reduced by d'Estaing (1779), 452; 464
captured by British (1796), nn 484; xn
654; government of, 656
John Jervis, Earl of, vm 454, 460
sq. ; in West Indies, 484 ; 498 ; 620 sq. ;
First Lord of Admiralty, ix 210; 217,
681, 684; and slave trade, 751
St Vincent de Paul, Society of, xi 473
Sakai, massacre at, xi 859
Sakhar, English troops at, xi 734 sq.
SakharofE, General, killed, xn 363
Sala, Giuseppe Antonio, Cardinal, x 163;
168
Salabat Jang, Subahdar of Deccan, vi 540 ;
546; 549
Saladin, J.-B.-Michel, French deputy, vm
488
Salahiyeh, fight at, vm 604
Salamanca, Treaty of (1505), i 364; Uni-
versity of, in 447, 593; Vend6me at, v
428 ; Moore's army at (1808), rx 443, 445 ;
Soult marches from (1809), 453 ; Dorsenne
joins Marmont near, 468; fall of, 471;
siege of (1812), 472; battle of, 472-3;
Wellington retires from, 475
Jose de, Spanish Minister of Finance,
XI 555 sq. ; 559 sq.
Cardinal Pedro Gonzalez Hurtado de
Mendoza, Bishop of (d. 1574), n 677
Salamis, naval revolt at, xn 422
Salamonius, m 737
Salandra, Antonio, Italian statesman, xn
227
Salas, Montealgro di, Neapolitan statesman,
VI 596 sq.
Salasco armistice. The, xi 89 sqq. ; 93
Salbai, Treaty of (1782), vi 576 sq., ix 710
Salces. See Roussillon
Saldanha, Cardinal, and the Jesuits, vi 386,
592
de Gama, Count of, Portuguese
plenipotentiary at Congress of Vienna,
IX 584; X 222
Oliveira e Daun, Joao Carlos, Duke
of, Portuguese statesman, x 320; 322;
leaves England, 324; 327; at defence of
Oporto, 331 sq. ; and defence of Lisbon,
335; 336; Minister of Maria H, 338;
insurrection by, 338 sq. ; head of the
Ministry, 339; Minister of War, xi 572;
Prime Minister, t6. ; and Thomar, 672
sq.; fall of, 573 sq. ; returns to Portugal ,
675
General Index,
559
Saldem, Caspar von, and Sclileswig-Hol-
stein question, vi 753
Sale, Sir Eobert Henry, at Jalalabad, xi
733; 734; 739
Salem (Mass.), Roger Williams at, vn 17;
Congress at (1774), 163; skirmish at
(1775), 165; and "broken voyages," 327
(New Jersey), fomided, vn 47
Salem6 river, Andr6 Brue on, xn 806
Salerno, revolt in (1828), x 119
Ferrante Sanseverino, Prince of, ni
471, 472
Salicetti, Christophe, French politician, vin
352,564,570,573; ix 83
Salinguerra, Taurello, holds Ferrara against
Venice, i 260
Salis, Grisons family, iv 42
Hercules von, at Venice, iv 50
Salisbury, royal army at, v 246
James Cecil, 3rd Earl of, v 218
Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of,
n 447, 449; execution of, 452; 523
Sir Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of (5th cr.),
Minister of Elizabeth, ra 332, 354, 356 ;
and James I, 534 sqq. ; 737 ; 755 ; rv 256
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil,
3rd Marquis of (Lord Cranbome), vn 661,
671; XI 340; and Disraeli's Reform BUI,
341 sq. ; xn 11 ; 14 ; Secretary for India,
30; 33; Ministry of (1885-6), 42; 43;
Ministry of (1886-92), 45 sqq.; Ministry
of (1895-1902), 52 sqq.; death of, 54;
83; and Irish Home Rule, 84 sq. ; 87;
and Tunis, 239; and Portugal, 270; at
Congress of Berlin, 394 sqq.; 400; and
Bulgaria, 406; and Armenian question,
418; and Egyptian question, 445, 447;
and Afghanistan, 465 sq. ; and India,
473; and Chitral, 487; and China, 604,
506; and Venezuelan dispute, 687; and
arbitration, 727 sq.; 734; 782
(South Africa), fort at, xn 639
Salis-Soglio, Ulrich von, commander of the
Sonderbund forces, xi 250 sq.
Salkeld, Philip, at Delhi, xi 746
Sallee, blockaded by Rainborow (1637), rv
482
Salles, Jean-Baptiste, French deputy, vin
357
Salmasius (Claude de Saumaise), m 752;
and Christina of Sweden, iv 675 ; vi 798
Salmeron, Alfonso, Jesuit, n 391, 662, 654;
at Trent, 667, 671; m 160; 585; 592
Salmer6n, Nicol&s, resigns professorial
chair, xi 567; President of Republic in
Spain, xn 261
Salo, fight at, vra 585
Salomon, Rabbi, ni 137-8
Salonika, acquired by Venice, i 265; con-
traband in, IX 389 ; consuls murdered at,
xn 385; Austria and, 401 ; 425 sqq.
Salsette, island of, British occupation of,
VI 576; 676
Salutati, Coluccio de', Chancellor of Flo-
rence (1376), I 644
Saluz, Philipp, iv 36
Saluzzo, seized by France (1548), n 84;
retained by France (1559), 94; French
claim to, in 397, 402, 478; flight of dis-
senters to, 404; Savoy's designs on, 407
sq., 411, 413, 437; seized by Savoy, 414
sq., 674; attacked by Lesdiguieres, 417;
kept by Savoy, 419, 677
Louis II, Marquis of, i 118
Salvador!, Milanese democrat, viii 585
Salvandy, Narcisse-Achille, Comtede, x 59;
XI 36
Salvati, Giuseppe, and Naples revolt, x 112
Salvatierra, Pedro de Ayala, Count of, i
375
Salverte, Anne-Joseph-Eusebe Baconniere,
French deputy, x 476 sq.
Salviati, Archbishop of Pisa. See Pisa
Alamanno, Savonarolist, i 169
Jacopo, Savonarolist, i 169
Lucrezia (de' Medici), i 175
Salvini, Tommaso, Italian actor, xi 648
Salvius, Johan Adler, conducts Swedish
diplomatic affairs, iv 373, 396 sqq., 402
Salvotti, Anton, x 118
Salwey, Richard, iv 648
Salwin river, exploration of, xn 797 sq.
Salza, Hermann von, High Master of Ger-
man Order, v 630
Salzburg, Peasants' Revolt in, n 190;
Jesuits in, m 161 ; Ferdinand (H) meets
Doncaster at, iv 27 ; 393 ; religious intoler-
ance in, V 743; emigration from, vi 218;
647; annexed to Austria (1797), vm 633,
642; archbishopric of, obtained by Tus-
cany (1803), IX 94; Bernadotte advances
on, 256; annexed by Austria (1805), 262;
General Jellachich's army at (1809), 347;
Austria's gains in (1815), 65b; Austria's
appropriation of, x 346; Napoleon III at,
XI 484
Salzburg, Archbishops of: —
Ernest of Bavaria (the elder), m 161
Johann Jakob Kuen von Belasy,
n 681 ; ra 161
Leopold, Count Firmian, v 743;
VI 218
Michael von Kuenburg, ra 161
Matthaeus Lang, Cardinal, i 184,
323 sq.; n 29, 147; Peasants' Rising and,
184
Salzwedel, Torstensson quartered at, iv 386
Sam, Conrad, Zwinglian Reformer, n 333
Samara, bacteriological institute in, xn 327
Samarin, George, and emancipation of serfs,
XI 615, 622 ; Frontiers of Russia^ xn 298
Samarkand, captured by Russians, xi 631;
632; xn 343; Russian occupation of,
459; 801
Sambaji, Maratha chief, vi 621 sq.
Sambalpur, annexation of, xi 743
Sami Bey, envoy of Mehemet Ali, x 567
Samland, George von Polenz, Bishop of,
n 160, 162
Samoa, affairs in (1886-9), vn 661 sqq.;
36—2
560
General Index,
U.S. Treaty with (1878), 649; Germany
and, xn 41, 160; Australia and, 631;
666 sq.
Samogitia, German Order and, v 633
Samori, The. See Zamorin
Samoyede mission, x 422
Sampson, Thomas, English Puritan, n 592
William Thomas, American naval
officer, vn 679 sq.
Samson Bemardin, and Zwingli, n 313
San Bonifazio, Austrian army at, xi 86
San Caetano, Ignacio de, Grand Inquisitor
of Portugal, VI 388
San Carlos de la Eapita, Ortega lands at,
XI 564
Sancerre, refuge for Protestants of central
France, iii 20
Count of, French general, surrenders
St Dizier, n 78
Sanchez, Francisco, Spanish Latinist, i 578
Juan, Spanish martyr, ii 408
Julian, Spanish guerrilla chief, in
Leon, IX 469
San Cristovao (Cape Verde Islands) dis-
covered, I 15
Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, V 234; 242; deposed, 259; 330;
336; VI 798
Sanctae Inquisitionis artes aliquot detectae,
n 406
Sanctis, Francesco de, Italian writer, xi
548 sq.
Sand Eiver Convention, xi 784 sq., xn
39, 41
Sand, George (Amantine-L.-A. Dudevant),
X 102; 411; 499; 515; xi 112; 139 sq. ;
the writings of, 519 sq. ; 522
Karl, X 22 sq.; assassinates Kotzebue,
365
Sande Bakhuysen, Julius J. van de, Dutch
painter, xii 249
Sandepu, fighting at, xn 597
Sanders, Dr Nicholas, in 285-6, 597-8
Sanderson, Sir William, historian, vi 807
Sandhurst, Sir William Kose Mansfield, 1st
Baron, Commander-in-chief in India, xi
752
Sandor, General, hanged, xi 214
Sandomeria, Palatine of. See Kostka, Jan
San Domingo, foundation of, i 40; attacked
by Penn and Venables, iv 482, 660
failure of British attack on, v 60; 684
687; Eepublic of, vi 189; French in, vn
86; Company of, vi 173, 533, vn 91
prosperity of, 96 sqq.; press in, 103
104; 107; disorder in (1790), vm 193
216 sq. ; Spain receives part of (1795)
442; 484; revolutionary armies sent to
(1801), IX 20; French fleet at, 209:
British blockade of (1803), 211; 219;
French at (1805), 221; independence of
244; produce of, 372; Napoleon and
419-22; ruled by Toussaint L'Ouverture
420-1; French expedition to (1801), 422
Spanish portion of, restored (1814), 576
proposed annexation of, by United States,
vn 637; and Caracas, x 248; criminals
migrate to, 257; French houcanien of,
272; independence of, 276; trade with,
686 ; 761 ; a Spanish colony, xi 566 ; and
Haiti, xn 652, 655; 695
Sandomir, Consensus of (1570), n 637, in
83; Bolcosz of (1606), iv 189; Austrian
and Prussian claims to, vni 548 ; occupied
by Poniatowski (1809), ix 354; province
of Poland, x 449; annexed to Poland, 461
Sandoval, Prudencio de, in 106
Sandwich, Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of,
joins Blake, iv 483 ; 484 sq. ; Charles II
and, 540; 641; 552; v93; 105 sq.; 181;
in command of English fleet, 182; 183;
192
John Montagu, 4th Earl of, at
Aix-la-Chapelle, VI 331; 424; 430; First
Lord of Admiralty, 430; 431; 443 sq. ;
456
Sandys, Edwin, Archbishop of York, n 567
Sir Edwin, and London Company,
vn 6
Samuel Sandys, Lord, vi 425
Sanfelice, Giovanni Tommaso. See La
Cava
San Fernando (Spain), revolt at (1820), x
216
(Venezuela), captured by Bolivar
(1818), X 293
San Fernando de Omoa, vi 378
San Filippe (Cape Verde Islands) discovered,
I 15
San Francisco river, v 677 sq.
Sangallo, Antonio, n 12 sq. ; ni 442
San Gennaro, Order of, vi 598
Sangha river, France and, xn 130
San Giacomo, captured by the Allies (1795),
vni 444
San Gil barracks, xn 259
Sangster, Scottish officer in service of
Sindhia, ix 718
Sanhedrin, the Grand, ix 205
San Ildefonso, Philip V at, vi 134, 137,
146; 166; Family Compact ratified at,
344; 361; 391; Treaty of (1795), ix 217,
420; (1796), vm 460; Secret Treaty of
(1800), vn 93, 324 sq.
Sanitation, science of, in Bussia, under
Peter the Great, v 531; progress of, in
general, xn 780 sq.
San Jacinto, battle of (1836), vn 392
San Jacinto, United States ship of war,
the steamer Trent and, xn 18
Sanjaks, Turkish, in Hungary, in 119
San jo Saneyoshi, Japanese statesman, xi
837; 839; 849 sq.; 863 sq. ; 865; xn
549 sq.
San Juan (Porto Bico), blockaded (1898),
VII 680
Island, acquired by United
States, XI 777, xn 28
Fernando de, Spanish Reformer,
n406
General Index,
561
San Juan, Spanish general, murder of, ix
448
de Lua. See San Juan d' UUoa
de Nicaragua river, xii 686
d' Ulloa (Mexico), attack on
Hawkins at, in 295 sq., 492; captured by
Scott (1847), vn 396
San Lazzaro, Order of, in 410
San Louren90, Count of, x 331
San Luis, Count Luis Jos^ Sartorius of,
XI 559 sq.
San Marcial, Soult repulsed at (1813), ix
480
San Marco, friars of, ejected, in 390;
Cosimo's gardens near, 394
San Martin, Jos6 de, career of, x 291 sq. ;
in Peru, 292 sqq. ; retirement of, 295;
302; 306
San Martino, battle at, xi 383
Count Ponza di, Viceroy of Naples,
XI 536
San Marzano, Count Carlo di, x 114 sqq.
San Maurizio, Order of, m 410
Sanmen, Italy and, xn 514
San Miguel, Evaristo, Spanish officer, x
215; 226 sqq.
Sannazaro, Jacopo, n 16; m 458, 462, 470;
Arcadia, x 718, 724
Sannikof, Jacob, explorer, xn 795
San Paulo, v 676; discovery of gold in,
678 sq. ; settlement at, vi 390 ; a centre
of Separatism, x 314; 315
San-po river, xn 798; explored by Sven
Hedin, 804
Sanquhar, Cameronians at, v 286
San Kemo, Emperor Frederick III at, xn
163
San Eoman, Francisco de, Spanish Re-
former, n 403
Sansac, L. Pr^nst, Sieur de, m 13
San Salvador, State of, xn 672
(Bahia). See Bahia
Sansanding, explorers at, xn 807
San Sebastian, captured by French (1719),
VI 34, (1794), vm 440; siege of (1813),
IX 239, 478, 480; governor expelled from,
430; stores of, 435; Queen Isabel at, xi
569
San Severino, Francesco. See Caiazzo,
Count of
Galeazzo di, i 120 sqq.
Stanislao, Cardinal, x 150
Sanseverino, Frederic, Cardinal, i 250
Sanson, executioner of Louis XVI, vin 261
Sansovino, Andrea, n 12 sq., 15; m 471
Sanssouci, Frederick William IV at, xi
159
San Stefano (Tuscany), falls to Philip II,
in 385
(Turkey), Russian headquarters at,
xn 390; Treaty of, 33, 142, 391 sqq.,
398, 400 sq.
Neapolitan Minister, vi 596
Santa Agueda, C&novas murdered at, xn 266
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, Mexican
general and politician, vn 392, 396, 406,
426; X 304
Santa Catarina, heights of, stormed by
Allies (1707), v 419
Santa Catharina, island of, captured by
Spain, VI 375, 391
Santa Coloma, Spanish Viceroy of Eous-
sillon, IV 647 sq. ; death of, ih.
Santa Cruz (Teneriffe), Blake at, iv 484
(West Indies), Dutch in, iv 758; in
French occupation, v 687; Danes in, vi
186; and emancipation, xn 652
Islands, annexed by Great Britain,
XII 667
Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis of, ni 294,
300, 302, 305-6, 308, 500; defeats Don
Antonio's ships, 501; urges a strong
naval policy on Philip, 502-3; fleet of,
in the Tagus, 504; death of (1588), 505
Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis of, succeeds
Spinola (1630), iv 644
de Marzenado, Alvar de Navia Osorio,
Marquis de, Spanish general, vi 151
Marquesa de (1843), xi 550
de, Spanish priest, xn 260
Santa F6, captured by Kearny (1846), vn
395 ; and the Spanish American frontier,
x269; 300
Santa Lucia (Verona), King Charles Albert
at, XI 85
(West Indies), France and, v 687,
VI 185; 186; 332; 347; British occupa-
tion of, 426; assigned to France, 428;
451; 464; taken by British (1794), vm
484, IX 749; recaptured (1795), vin 484,
IX 749; retaken by British (1796), vm
484; (1803), ix 240, 244; retained by
England, 564, 576; cultivation of cocoa
in, XII 654
Bay, annexed by Great Britain, xn 636
Santa Marta, Royalist port, at war with
Cartagena, x 290
Santa Martha, Portuguese general, x 328
sqq.
Santa Maura, seized by Turks (1479), i 81;
captured by Venetians (1684), v 365
Santander, Spanish squadron at, vi 125;
disturbance in, ix 315; La Romana's
troops at, 442; Mass^na retires to, 462
Sant' Antonino. See Antoninus, Archbishop
of Florence
Santarem, French and (1810), ix 462-3;
466; Macdonnel besieged in (1833), x
335; Dom Miguel at, 336
Santarosa, Pietro di, Sardinian Minister,
XI 369
Santa Severina, Cardinal Santoro di, m 443
Santerre, Antoine- Joseph, vni 228, 232;
Commandant of the Gardes Nationalea,
257, 260
Santhi^, exchanged for Vercelli, m 400;
evacuated by Philip, 407
Santiago, Order of, i 11, 353
de Chile, Council formed at, x 285 ;
287
562
General Index.
Santiago de Cuba, i 41 ; taken by English
(1662), V 105 ; capture of (1898), vn 680
sq., xn 697
de Ids Caballeroa (EspanolaJ, i 41
Island (Cape Verde Islands), dis-
covered, 1 15; passed by Da Gama (1497),
25
Santo Domingo. See San Domingo
Santorre di Santarosa, x 114 ; 116 sq.
Santo Stefano, prison of, xi 380
Santucci, Vincenzo, Cardinal, xi 392
Sant' Uffizio. See Inquisition
Sanudo, Marino, the Diarii, i 284; n 380
Saorgio, Sardinian camp at, vni 437 sq.
Sapieha, Casimir, Grand Hetman of Lithu-
ania, VI 192
Leo, commands Polish army, iv 185
Sapienza, island of, xi 280 sq.
Saracco, Giuseppe, President of the Italian
Senate, xn 222 sq.
Saracenus, Johannes, Abbot of Vercelli,
I 588
Sarafoff, Boris, President of the Macedonian
Committee, xii 425
Saragossa, burning of Aragonese at, iii 516 ;
Los Velez sent to, iv 648 ; battle at (1710),
V 428; disturbance in (1808), ix 315;
326; campaign centred at, 438; Palafox
defends, 443 ; Lannes sent to, 444 ; 447 ;
Blake's defeat before (1809), 454 ; Suchet
retires to (1810), 457; Ferdinand VII at,
x205; revolt at (1820), 216; 293; rising
at, XI 559
Sarajevo, siege of, xn 400
Sarakhs, Boundary Commission at, xn 477
Saratoff, strike in, xn 350; 363; 366
Saratoga, battles of (1777), vn 215 sq. ;
surrender of Burgoyne at, 216
Sara via, Hadrian, Protestant refugee in
England, n 597
Sarawak, Sir James Brooke in, xn 669
Sardinia, Spanish invasion of, vi 29 ; 35 sq.;
124; transferred to Victor Amadeus, 126,
V 437, 445; vi 139; 154; and Prag-
matic Sanction, 203 ; 213 ; and Austrian
Succession, 228 sq.; 239; and Lombardy,
245; and Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249;
250; and Great Britain, 477; and the
Papacy, 589 sq., 594; Naples and, 597;
608; and Corsica, 609 sq. ; 623; declares
war on France, vin 437, 442, 456, 559;
under Victor Amadeus III, 555; army of,
557; neutrality of (1796), 567; makes
peace, 569; interest taken by Tsar Paul
in, IX 42; strategic importance of, 210;
and Defensive Triple Alliance, 597; in-
corporation of Genoa in (1815), 599, 615,
660, 667; xi 209; 244; and Switzerland,
249, 252; and Treaty of Zurich, 385;
and Crimean War, 373; 468; socialism
in, xn 232. See also Piedmont
King of. See Savoy, Victor Ama-
deus n and Victor Amadeus III, also
Victor Emmanuel I
Sardou, Victorien, dramatist, xi 518; 548
Saris, John, and expedition to Japan, iv
740
Sarmatia, the "iron-bastion" of Christen-
dom, ni 94
Sarmiento d'Acuna. See Gondomar, Count
of
Samen, League of, xi 242 sqq. ; dissolved,
245
Samico, Graribaldians imprisoned at, u 533
Saros, county of, vi 703
Sarpi, Pietro (Fra Paolo), Pope Paul V and,
I 270, IV 671; n 10 sq., 644; m 744;
VI 594
Sarrans, Bernard, French politician, xi 125
Sarria, Marquis of, Spanish general, vi 368
Sarrien, Jean - Marie - Ferdinand , French
Minister of Justice, xn 113
Sarsfield, Patrick, titular Earl of Lucan,
V 313; 315 sq.; 318
Spanish general, x 215 sq.
Sartines,Antoine-K.-J.-G.-Gabrielde,Comte
d'Alby, French Minister of the Navy,
vm 82, 94
Sartorius, Georg (Baron von Walters-
hausen), German historian, ix 595; 612;
xn 824
Sir George Eose, in command of
Dom Pedro's fleet, x 326 sqq. ; and the
defence of Oporto, 331 sq.
Luis Jose. See San Luis, Count of
Sarzana, surrendered to Charles VIII (1494),
I 113, 153
Sarzec, Ernest de, discoveries of, at Tello,
xn 846
Sasawa river, Prussian troops at, vi 241;
259
Sasbach, death of Turenne at, v 44
Sas de Ghent. See Sas-van-Gent
Sasebo, Japanese troops embarked at, xn
580
Saskatchewan, district of, xi 776; xn610;
province of, 615
river, La Verendrye at, vn 94; xn
606; 609
Sassari, Alexander Dominic Varesini,
Bishop of, XI 368
Sasselti, Filippo, iii 474
Sastrow, Bartholomew, n 262
Sasun, massacres in, xn 416
Sas-van-Gent, landing of Maurice at, ni
635; taken by Dutch (1644), iv 597
Satanovski, Arsenius, translator of Bussian
Bible, V 516
Satara, annexation of, xi 743
Eajah of, Sindhia and the, ix 718
Sat-Cho combination, The, in Japan, xn 551
Sathas, Constantine N., historian, xn 845
Satlaj river. See Sutlej
Satschan, Lake of, and Austerlitz, ix 261
Satsuma, daimio and clan of. Vol. xi, Chap.
xxvm (2) passim ; xn 551 sq. ; Saigo and,
561 ; rebellion of, 562 sqq.
Sattler, Philip, envoy of Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 194, 216
Satyre Menippie, La (1593), m 69-70, 661
General Index.
56S
Saugnier, captive in Africa, xn 806; 808
Sauli, Marquis, Sardinian Minister in
Vienna, xi 75
Sault Ste Marie, Jesuit mission station at,
vn 84; and home trade, 718
Saulx, Comtesse de (1591), in 416
Saumaise, Claude. See Salmasins
Saumarez, James Saumarez, Baron de,
British admiral, vni 454; k 54; com-
mander in the Baltic (1810), 379
Saumur, remains loyal, ni 46; Huguenot
Assembly at (1611), iv 119; captured by
Vendeans, vm 341 ; military plot at, x 76
Saunders, Sir Charles, Admiral, First Lord
of Admiralty, vi 437; at Quebec (1759),
vn 138
Thomas, Governor of Madras, vi 541
Saunier, Antoine, Calvin and, n 372
Sauret, French commander, vin 674
Saurin, William, Attorney - General of
Ireland, ix 707
Sauroren, battle of (1813), ix 480
Saussure, Horace - B6n6dicte de, Swiss
physicist, ix 427; xi 260
Sauvage, Jean Le, Chancellor of Charles V,
I 370, 371
Sauve, Madame de, in 27
Sauveur, Joseph, French mathematician, v
722
Sauzet, Jean-Pierre-Paul, French jurist, x
493; 495; xi 101
Savage, conspirator under Babington, in
291
Savannah, captured by British (1778), vn
219; besieged, ib.\ siege of, abandoned,
ib. ; French fleet repulsed at, vi 452 ;
evacuated by British (1781), vn 231, 307 ;
346; and the campaign in west (1864),
620; Sherman captures (1864), 527 sq.;
552
Savanore, Bussy at, vi 646
Nawab of, vi 541
Savary, Anne- Jean-Marie, Due de Eovigo,
French general, ix 31-2 ; receives Eovigo,
111; succeeds Fouch6, 141; imprisoned,
144; at St Petersburg, 305; interviews
Ferdinand VII, 432; takes Marat's place,
436; sends reinforcements to Dupont,
437; evacuates Madrid, 438; 441; x 503
Daniel, French commodore, vm 478
member of Swiss Directory, ix 97
Savello, Duke of, Imperialist general, at
Wittenweier, iv 376; 380
Savenay, Vendean defeat at (1793), vm 356
Saveme. See Zabem
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von, professor of
jurisprudence at Berlin University, vm
776, IX 327; x 374, 404; xn 819 sq. ;
822; 827; 835
Savile, Sir George, and Act of 1778, vi 464 ;
X 625
Sir George, Marquis of Halifax. See
Halifax
Thomas, Viscount {afterward* Earl
of Sussex), IV 305 sq.
Savoja, Italian humanist, n 15
Savona, meeting at, between Kings of France
and Naples (1507), 1 130; Savoy's designs
on, m 407 ; Maillebois' forces at, vi 245 ;
de Vins repulsed at, vm 444; Napoleon
at, 561; Pius VH and, ix 196 sqq.; 201
Savonarola, Girolamo, Vol. i. Chap, v
jpassim\ character of , 145; Apology, 178;
Triumphus Grucis, 179; 233; ideas and
visions of, 649 ; methods and disciples of,
650 ; attitude of, towards Kenaissance, n
2 sqq.; 5, 29; m 389; v 508
Savomin-Lohman, Alexander Frederick de,
Dutch politiciaja, xn 246
Savoy, importance of, to France, n 62;
invaded by French (1536), 70, 232;
(1537), 73; 89; given up by French
(1559), 94; m 260; under Emmanuel
Philibert [q.v.] and Charles Emmanuel
[q.v.], 399-421; 478; Henry IV's policy
toward, 683; French alliance with, 688;
and Valtelline, Vol. iv. Chap, n passim ;
and Peace of Monzon, 88 ; 95 ; conquered
byKichelieu,115; 123 sq.; 130; 132sqq.;
138 sq. ; 145; invaded by French, v 59;
and Spanish Succession, 389; 422; peace
negotiations and, 429 sq. ; and Peace of
Utrecht, 439 sq.; 448; Quadruple Alliance
and, VI 31, 124; 139; 149; France and
152; 158 sq. ; regained by Sardinia, 249
and Genoa, 608; and Switzerland, 623
invaded by Sardinia (1793), vm 437
French in (1792), 555; enfranchisement
in, 720; influence of French Revolution
in, 780; and Treaty of Frankfort, x 22;
attempted invasion of, by Ramorino, 122;
France and, xi 88, 376; the Lyonnais
in, 106; Polish invasion of, 245; ceded
to France, 256, 386 sqq., 468; Napoleon
m and, 332, 334 ; 577. See also Piedmont
and Sardinia
Conference (1661), ▼ 97; 330
House of, and Geneva, n 358-62;
marriage alliances of, with Modena and
Mantua, m 686
Savoy, Dukes of: —
Amadeus VI, i 264
Charles HI, n 60, 70, 73
Charles Emmanuel I, m 7; 25; 397;
birth of, 406; accession of, 412; policy
of, 412-21, 437; son-in-law of Philip II,
610 sq., 613, 673 sq.; at war with France,
679; negotiates with France, 683, 686
sqq., 689 sq.; iv 17; and the Imperial
succession, 18; allows Mansfeld to enter
Bohemian service, 24 ; 27 ; veers towards
Catholic coalition, 34; 40; failure of am-
bitions of, 118; 119; 129; renews claim
to Montferrat, 134 sqq. ; death of, 138
and Lombardy, 624; and Spain, 626
631; 642 sqq.; 666; Paul V and, 669
673; alliance between Spain and, 678 sq.
683; alliance between France and, 687
Charles Emmanuel H, and Treaty of
the Pyrenees, iv 620
564
General Index.
Savoy, Dukes of {contd.): —
Charles Emmanuel HE, King of
Sardinia (Prince of Piedmont), v 432
Emmanuel Philibert, n 89, 92; m
131, 134, 182-4, 187, 385, 387; work of
reconstruction of, 399-408; policy of,
409-11; character of, 412
Francis Hyacinth, death of, iv 148
Philibert U, the Fair, i 455
Philip II, de Bresse, i 118
Victor Amadeus I, iv 678
Victor Amadeus II (King of Sicily,
afterwards King of Sardinia), v 58; 60
sqq.; and Grand Alliance, 370, 408; and
Spanish Succession, 380, 388, 393; 401;
and Louis XIV, 404; and War of the
Spanish Succession, 411; 412; 414 sq.;
419; 425; and Sicily, 427, 445, 448;
meeting of Emperor Charles VI with,
432; 434; and Peace of Utrecht, 437;
VI 30; 32 sq.; 124 sq.; 169; and Clement
XI, 587; 589 sq.
Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia,
vm 555, 559, 780
Savoy, Duchess Anna Maria of, vi 8
Beatrice (of Portugal), Duchess of,
n 70
Bona of. See Milan, Duchess of
Catharine (Infanta of Spain), Duchess
of, ra 25, 513
Princess Clotilde of, marriage of, to
Prince Napoleon, xi 376, 381
Louise of. See Angouleme, Louise,
Duchess of
Margaret (of Austria and Burgundy),
Duchess of. See Margaret
Maurice of, son of Charles Emmanuel
I, Cardinal, m 686
Yolande (sister of Louis XI), Duchess
of, I 390 sq.
Savoy- Carignan, House of, vi 6
Prince Eugene of. See Eugene
Eugenio, Prince of. See Carignano
Prince Thomas of, and France, rr
593, 600 ; returns to Piedmont, 601 ; 656 ;
697
Savoy-Nemours. See Nemours
Sawbridge, John, Lord Mayor of London,
VI 465; VIII 755
Saxe-Altenburg, Frederick William, Duke
of, III 712, 714
■ George, Duke of (1848-53), xi 150
Joseph, Duke of (1834-48), xi
150
Saxe-Coburg, Princes of, x 343
Prince Augustus of, xii 410
Saxe-Coburg- Gotha, and Prussia, xi 228;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 438
Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh,
Duke of, and Greek throne, xi 641; xn
408; 467
Ernest I, Duke of, at Congress of
Vienna, ix 583
Ernest II, Duke of (bom 1818), xi
143; 224; 397
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Ferdinand, Prince of
(bom 1816). See Ferdinand
Leopold, Prince of (bom 1824), xi
33 ; 653 sqq.
Leopold, Prince of (born 1790). See
Leopold, King of the Belgians
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Ferdinand, Prince of,
at Congress of Vienna, ix 583
Prince Frederick Josias of, vm 268,
325 sq. , 347, 415 ; defeats French at the
Roer, 419; at Neerwinden, 420 sq. ; at
Valenciennes, 429 sq. ; at Fleurus, 435 sq.
Saxe-Gotha, extinction of line of, x 343
John Frederick, Duke of, ni 150;
and Grumbach troubles, 151, 163
Saxe-Hildburghausen, Prince Joseph of, vi
263 sq.; 265; 267 sq.
Saxe-Lauenburg, Duke Frederick of (d. 1586),
III 708
Duke Henry of, Archbishop of Bre-
men. See Bremen
Saxe-Teschen, Albert Casimir, Duke of, vr
649; Viceroy of Austrian Netherlands,
VIII 318 sq. ; 415 sqq.
Duchess Maria Christina of (wife of
above), vi 649; 651; vm 318 sq.
Saxe-Weimar, Duke Bernard of, and Mar-
grave George Frederick of Baden, rv 80 ;
102; in Netherlands, 103; taken into
French pay, 148; 197; at Leipzig Con-
vention, 200 ; 204 ; 206 ; takes Mannheim,
208 ; holds Swabia, 216 ; 219 ; commands
Gustavus' army, 221 ; later years of, tee
Chap, vn; 365; 367; compact between
French and, 368 sq. ; 370 sqq.; 373 sq.;
before Breisach, 375 sqq. ; 378 sq. ; death
of, 380 ; army of, 381 sqq. ; 392 ; 418 ;
682; 686
Prince Bernard of, at Frasnes, ix
626-7; at Waterloo, 632
Duke Ernest the Pious of, iv 80;
acts as Regent in Franconia, 229
Duke Frederick of, with Mansfeld,
IV 80; prisoner at Stadtlohn, 86
Duke John of, sons of, iv 80; and
Gustavus Adolphus, 195, 207
Duke John Ernest of, in the Nether-
lands, IV 80, 96; joins Mansfeld, 97 sq.;
Bernard and, 376; 381
Duke John Frederick of, insane, iv
227
John William, Duke of, m 10, 173,
179
Karl August, Grand-Duke of, x 343 ;
and Diet, 346 sq.; and University of Jena,
364; liberalism of , 366 ; and tariff reform,
373; 389; xi 150
Duke William of, with Mansfeld, iv
80 sq. ; under Christian of Halberstadt,
86; at Leipzig Convention, 200; 207;
217; 219; and John George, 230; 247;
Peace of Prague and, 255; 365; joins
the Imperialists, 366; 381
Saxony, n 237, 252; (Ernestine), invaded
by Maurice and Ferdinand (1546), 257;
General Index,
565
III 142; troubles in, 712; Jesuits in,
723; Ernestine line of, 704; claim of, on
Jiilich-Cleves, 716; iv 4; and Protestant
hegemony, 5; 10; 12 sqq.; and Peace
of Prague, 253, 255, 417; sufferings of,
during War, 418 sq.; native industries
in, 421; and Austria, 430; alliance of,
with France, v 33; Swedish army in,
417 ; 420 ; and Great Northern War, 586
sqq.; Denmark and, 609; and the third
anti- Swedish league, 611; and Branden-
burg, 618 sq., 623, 627; 666; 743; and
Seven Years' War, Vol. vi. Chap, rs
passim ; 33 ; and War of the Polish Suc-
cession, 196 sq. ; under Count von Briihl,
198; 206; army of, 213; and Pragmatic
Sanction, 228, 310; and War of the
Austrian Succession, 231,250; 235; 243;
Eussia and, 315; Frederick the Great
declares war against, 317; 318; 320;
Prussian invasion of (1756), 321, 326,
338 sq., 403; 632; and Polish Succession,
665, VIII 522, 527, 529; later relations of
Prussia and, vi 703 sqq. ; and Peace of
Teschen, 707; 720; 725; 734; makes
peace with France (1795), vm 442; Prus-
sian troops in, rr 273 ; Kottbus assigned
to, 292; French troops in, 347; invaded
by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Oels,
357; possibilities in (1813), 482; Metter-
nichand, 507 ; protection of, by Napoleon,
516; proposed Prussian annexation of,
579; 593 sqq.; and Congress of Vienna,
687; 609, 615; duchy of, acquired by
Prussia, 657; 667; kingdom of, and
Germanic Confederation, x 344; Grand-
ducal and Ducal Houses of, ib. ; and
Prussia, 353; constitutional system of,
863; 364; constitutional reforms in, 374;
and the Zollverein, 373, 378 sq., xi 54,
443; industrial undertakings in, x 732,
744, 751, 753 sq., 757; banking in, 746;
agriculture in, 750; political conditions
in, XI 59 sq.; revolutionary movement
in, 148 sq.; 160; tumults in, 192; 200;
and Frankfort Constitution, 218; 219;
and German union, 220 sq., 408; and
Schleswig-Holstein, 337 ; reaction in, 397 ;
and Austro-Prussian War, 452; 454 sq.;
and Austro-German Alliance, xn 145;
150
Saxony, Dukes of: —
Albert of Meissen (founder of the
Albertine line), i 297, 449 sq., 452 sq.
George (son of Albert of Meissen,
d. 1639), I 453; 475; n 135, 148, 156,
163, 169, 170, 186, 195, 201, 215, 220;
joins League of Niimberg, 235 ; death of
(1539), 237; 252
Henry (d. 1541), n 237, 252
Henry the Lion, v 618; vi 2
Henry the Proud, v 618
Saxony, Electors of: —
Augustus, II 275 ; v 627
Saxony, Electors of {contd.) : —
Ernest (founder of the Ernestine
line), I 297
Frederick I the Valiant, i 297
Frederick IH the Wise, i 297, 310,
316, 321; n 41, 116, 121, 132, 147, 155
sqq., 158, 166, 169, 186, 189, 194
Frederick Augustus I. See Augustus
II, King of Poland
Frederick Augustus II. 5ee Augustus
III, King of Poland
Frederick Augustus III. See Frede-
rick Augustus, King of Saxony
Frederick Christian, vi 199
John, n 169, 186 ; Peasants' Kising
and, 189 ; Protest signed by, 205 ; at
Augsburg, 211, 213; at Schmalkalden,
215
John Frederick, the Magnanimous,
n 211, 233-45; draws up "Wittenberg
Eeformation," 250; 253, 257; defends
electorate against Maurice, 258 ; successes
of, 259 ; taken prisoner at Miihlberg, 260
sqq.; 286
John George I, iv 2 sq.; 9; agrees to
succession of Ferdinand H, 17; 22; 28
sq.; joins Ferdinand, 33 sqq.; 68; 73; 83;
92 ; mediator at Brunswick, 96 ; 110 ; and
Edict of Restitution, 111 sqq.; quiescence
of, 195, 197 sq.; Convention of Leipzig
and, 200; 201; Magdeburg and, 202; 204
sqq.; and Gustavus Adolphus of, 205 sqq.;
in Bohemia, 209 ; 211 ; 213 ; 215 ; 220
sq.; Oxenstiema and, 224 sq.; Heilbronn
Alliance and, 226 ; 230 ; 232 ; 233 ; 234
sqq.; at Leitmeritz, 243; makes peace
with Emperor Ferdinand II, 251; at
Prague, 252 ; Peace of Prague and, 254
sq., 395; 366; at Wittstock, 372; and
French, 390 ; and Treaty of Westphalia,
408, 410
John George III, v 55 ; 244 ; 359 ; in
Vienna, 362
Maurice, n 86, 241 sqq., 252-75;
invades Electorate, 257 ; deserts Charles V,
269 ; death of, 275 ; v 627
Saxony, Agnes (of Hesse), Duchess of (con-
sort of Maurice of Saxony), n 252
Prince Antony of, at the Congress of
Vienna, ix 582
Duke Augustus of. Administrator of
Magdeburg, rv 407, v 644
Duke Frederick of (d. 1511), v 634
Maria Antonia Walpurgis, Electress
of, VI 199
Princess Mary of, vi 316
Maurice, Count of (Maurice de Saxe),
Marshal of France, v 655 ; vi 110 sq.;
232 ; in the Low Countries, 239 sq., 242,
246 sqq.; 318; 362; 640
Sibylla (of Cleves), Electress of, n
237
Prince Xavier of, vi 354
Say, L6on, French politician, xn 107; 112;
130
566
General Index.
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Vis-
count, refuses shipmoney, iv 283 sq.;
V 93 ; land in New England granted to,
TO 18, 21
Sayers, Dr Frank, nonconformist, and
French Eevolution, vin 764
Sayf ad-Din, Sultan of Egypt, i 89
Sayle, William, Governor of South Carolina,
vn36
Sayn- Wittgenstein, Count John von, repre-
sentative of Frederick William of Branden-
burg at Congress of Miinster, iv 401
Louis Adolph. See Wittgenstein
Saz6noff, assassinates Plehve, xn 346
Scala, Antonio della, Lord of Verona, i 265
Can Grande della. Lord of Verona,
I 262
Martino della. Lord of Verona, i 262
Scales, Edward Woodville, Lord, i 394, 466
Scaliger, Joseph, n 718 ; ni 59 sq.; iv 717 ;
xn816; 844
Scalvini, Giovita, x 126
Scanderbeg (George Castriotes), Albanian
chief, I 70 sq., 100
Scandinavia, Vol. iv. Chap, xx; (1815-70),
Vol. XI, Chap. XXIV ; (1872-1909), Vol.
xn, Chap. xi. See also Norway, Sweden,
and Denmark
Scania, iv 560 sq.; the Swedes and, 571;
Treaty of Eoeskilde and, 586; 590 sq.;
war of (1675-9), v 562, 569 sq., 578 sq.;
under Swedish rule, 577; 583; Danish
invasion of (1709), 603; 610; 612; Den-
mark and, VI 735 ; Swedish troops in, xi
683
Scarborough, British vessels captured by
Paul Jones off (1778), vii 220
Eichard Lumley, 1st Earl of (Lord
Lumley), v 242
■ Eichard Lumley-Saunderson, 4th
Earl of, VI 431
Scariffholis, O'Neill's army destroyed at
(1650), IV 534
Scarlett, Sir James Yorke, general, xi 319
Scarron, Madame. See Maintenon, Mar-
quise de
Paul, V 20
Schack- Staff eldt, Adolph Wilhelm, Danish
poet, XI 697
Schadow-Godenhaus, Friedrich W., German
painter, x 151
Schaffle, Albert Eberhard Frederic, xii 155 ;
Austrian Minister of Commerce, 187
Schaep, Gerard, Dutch envoy to England,
vl39
Schaepman, H., Dutch politician, xii 246
Schiirtlin zu Burtenbach, Sebastian, com-
mander under Schmalkaldic League, n
255 sq., 270
Schassburg. See Segesvar
Schaufelein, Hans Leonard, German en-
graver, I 326 ^
Schafarik. See Safarik
Schaffgotsch, Hans Ulrich, Freiherr von,
general, imprisonment of, rv 242
Scha£fhausen, joins Swiss Confederacy
(1501) , 1 308 ; IX 57 ; rising at, 95 ; Canton
of, XI 234 ; 240
Schanj&g, Catholic district of, iv 43
Schappeler, Christoph, Zwinglian preacher
at Memmingen, n 160, 177, 179
Scharding, Austrians defeated at (1703), v
407; Bavarian repulse at, vi 233; 236
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von,
Prussian general, vra 774 ; ix 275 ; 328 ;
reforms of, 331-2; life of, 332 sqq.;
favours Austrian alliance, 344 ; recall of,
510; in Silesia, 514 sqq.; death of, 523 ;
XI 579
Schatzlar, Pass of, Prussian army at, vi 242
Schaub, Sir Luke, diplomatist, vi 30 sq.
Schauenburg, Count Anton von, in 155
Schaumann, Eugene, assassinates B<Sbri-
koff, xn 335
Schaumberg, Count Adolf of, n 259
Schaumburg, Haimbald von, Imperial com-
mander at Garz, iv 196 ; 199
Schaumburg-Lippe, Georg, Prince von, x
373
Schawli, Alexander and Frederick William
at, IX 291
Scheele, Karl Wilhelm, and photography,
xn 783
Scheffel, Joseph Victor von, German poet,
XI 414 ; 417 ; 420
Scheffer, Count Carl Fredrik, Swedish
statesman, vi 762 sq.; 767
Friedrich H. E. L., Hesse-Cassel
Minister, xi 146
Scheldt river, vi 247 ; 470 ; navigation of,
641 sqq.; 652; Joseph II and opening
of, vm 277, 279, 281, 312, 318; the
French and opening of, 300 sqq., 304;
British expedition to (1809), ix 358;
Peace of Paris and, 614-5; opened to
Belgian trade, x 522, 542, 745; blockaded
(1832), 543; xi 669; abolition of tolls on,
672
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm von, n 714;
vm 773 ; x 382 ; 401 ; 404 ; 410 ; 706
Schenck von Nydeggen, Martin, m 711 sq.
Schenectady, fortified, vn 42 ; massacre at,
45 ; destroyed by the French (1690), 90
Schenk, Burchard von, n 380
Schenkendorf, Max von, x 403
Schepper, Cornelius, Ferdinand's ambas-
sador in Constantinople, m 108-9
Scherbatojff, Prince, vi 688
Prince, Governor-General of Moscow,
XI 270
Scherenburg, Eudolf von. Bishop of Wiirz-
burg. See Wiirzburg
Sch^rer, Barth^lemy-L.-J., vm 436, 444;
Minister of War, 508, 518; commands
the Army of Italy, ib., 562 sqq.; and the
war of 1799, 656, 670
Scherer, Edmond-Henri-Adolphe, xi 525
Scherpe Resolutie, The (1617), ra 650
Schets, Caspar, Seigneur de Grobbendonck.
See Grobbendonck
General Index,
567
Soheuchzer, Jean-Jacques, naturalist, v 738
Scheurer-Kestner, and the Dreyfus affair,
xn 120
Scheurl, Christoph, German priest, n 134
Scheveling, Eberhard, iv 791
Scheveningen, naval action off (1653), iv
476, 480 sq.; Charles II sails from, v
148
Schiedlow, Austrian forces near, vi 292
Schieringers^ The, Frisian faction, i 421
Schifer (Severus), ni 166
Schill, Friedrich von, patriotic attempt of
(1809), ix 335 ; in Westphalia, 337 ; 356 ;
takes Stralsund, 357
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von,
VI 827; 830 sq.; 834; vm 773 sq.; x
100; Italian translations of dramas of,
124; 383; Die Rduber, 386, 388 sq. ;
Dtn Carlot, 389 sq. ; the poetic develop-
ment of, 390 sq. ; and Goethe, 390 sqq.;
400; 407 sq.; 411; 706; 710; xi 411;
413; 415 sq., 423 sq.
Schimmelmann, Henrik Karl, Baron, vi
751
Schimmelpenninck, Roger Jean, Count,
Grand Pensionary of Holland, vin 787,
IX 267; Dutch ambassador, 77; xi 663
Schinner, Matthias, Cardinal of Sion, 1 135,
138, 141,487; n 309, 315
Schippenbeil, Convention of Bartenstein
signed at (1807), ix 287
Schism Act, Bolingbroke's (1714), v 474 sq.
Schlachter's Nek, affair of, xi 779
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von, German
critic, IX 427; x 398 sqq.; in Austria,
406; 407; xn 818
Elias, X 396
K. W. Friedrich von, vra 776, 790 ;
X 357; 363 ; conversion of, to Rome, 380 ;
396; 398 sqq.; 403; 407; 410 sq.; xi49;
XII818; 845
Schleiermacher, Frederick Ernest Daniel,
vni 776; teacher of theology at Berlin
University, ix 327; x 370; 382, 401, 404
Sehleiz, Prussian defeat at (1806), ix 275
Schleswig, iv 101 sq.; restored to Denmark,
109; Denmark and, v 550 sq., 582 sq.,
VI 37, 736 ; 661; 743 ; xn 290 sq.
Christian, Duke of. See Christian III
of Denmark
Schleswig-Holstein, Frederick II and, rv
662; question of, 563 sq.; Denmark and,
v53sq.,579; 581; 610; vi741sq.; 753;
union of, with Denmark, x 343, 354 ;
dispute of, with the King of Denmark,
363, 370; xi 38; Prussia and, 64, 160
sqq.; anti-Danish rising in, 161 sq.; the
Vorparlament and, 163 ; the National
Assembly and, 167 ; 194 ; the war in,
224 sq., 440 sqq., 695; and the succes-
sion question, 226 sq.; 231 sqq.; Great
Britain and, 337 sq.; 412; the Powers
and, 436 sqq.; new Constitution for,
437 sq.; ceded by Denmark, 442, 696;
Austro-Prussian administration of, 442
sqq.; 454; 477; 479; 537; the national
movement in, 692 sqq. ; Mommsen and,
xn 844
Schleswig-Holstein, Paul, Duke of. See
Paul I, Tsar
Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenbnrg, Prince
Christian Augustus of, ix 323
Schleswig-Holstein-Noer, Frederick, Here-
ditary Prince of, xi 161
Schlettstadt, ceded to the French, iv 143 sq.
Schley, Winfield Scott, American commo-
dore, vn 679 sq.
Schleyer, Johannes von, Wiirtemberg states-
man, XI 148
Schlick, Count Heinrich, captures Danish
horse, iv 102; Wallenstein and, 238; 392
Count, defeats General Meszaros
(1849), XI 204; 205 sq.
General, defeated at Scharding (1703) ,
v407
Schliefif, Colonel Anton von, imprisoned,
IV 242
Schliemann, Heinrich, researches of, xii 845
Schlippenbach, General, defeat of, v 590
Schlitz-Gortz, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm
von, Hanoverian statesman, vi 20
Schlozer, August Ludwig, German historian,
vm 772 sqq.; xii 817
Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph, German
historian, xn 826 sq.; 849
Schliisselburg, v 553; capture of (1702),
590; prison of, vi 660 sq.; 680; fortress,
Lukasinski imprisoned in, x 454
Schlumberger, Gustave L., historian, xn 845
Schmalkalden , meeting of Protestant Princes
at (1530), n 214 sq.
League of, n 26, 67; formed (1532),
215 sqq.; power of, in N. Germany,
217 sq.; Diet of (1535), 233, 235, 256;
split in, 242; Henry of Brunswick and,
243 ; 251 ; internal weakness of, 252 ; Diet
of (1545), 253 sq., 255; War of (1546),
256 sq., m 145, 147, v 626 ; in 741
Schmalz, T. A. H., Rector of Berlin Uni-
versity, IX 327; X 352; 364
Sehmedding, John Henry, ix 201
Schmerling, Anton, Baron von, Austrian
statesman, xi 155 ; 162 ; 166 ; 171 ; 188 ;
and the execution of Blum, 189 ; and
the Frankfort Assembly, 196; Ministry
of, 404 sq. ; and German unity, 408 ;
Minister of the Interior, 444 ; xn 178 ;
and Hungary, 180 sqq.; resigns, 182;
184 ; 188 sq. ; 192 ; electoral system of,
196 sq.; 205
Schmettau, Privy Councillor von, v 661
Schmid, Felix, Burgomaster of Zurich, n
322
Schmidt, Michael Ignaz, German historian,
xn817
Austrian general, vm 655
Lieutenant, and Sevastopol mutiny,
xn 362
Schmitt, President of Austrian Beichstagt
XI 178
568
General Index,
Schmoller, Gustav, German economist, xn
155; 850
Schmottseifen, Prussian camp at, ti 292
Schnaebele, arrest of, xn 112
Schneckenburger, Max, Die Wacht am Rhein,
X 379 ; XI 49 ; 412
Schneider, John George (Eulogius) , vni 775
Schnepf, Erhard, Lutheran theologian, n
234 ; driven into exile, 265
Schoelcher, Victor, French politician, xi
136
Schon, Theodor von, vi 209; ix 330-1;
Chief President of East Prussia, xi 53
Schonbom, John Philip von. See Mainz
Schonbrunn, attempt to assassinate Napo-
leon at (1809), IX 139; Imperial decree
issued from, 196; Napoleon takes up
residence at, 257; receives Haugwitz
at, 262; Peace of, or of Vienna (1809),
337, 339, 356, 359, 486; discussions at
(1805), 364; xi 179; 182; the Emperor
leaves, 186; Jellacic at, 187; 188
Schonefeld, Marmont at (1813), ix 539
Schonfeld, Prussian general, vi 656
Schonwalde, Frederick William II at, vin
293
Schofield, John McAllister, American
general, vn 520, 524, 528, 530
Scholastic Philosophy, decline of, i 532;
influence of, in 13th century, 536
Schomberg, Charles de, Duke of Hallinn,
Marshal of France, in Catalonia, iv 600
Frederick Herman, Duke of, Marshal
of France, in Portugal, iv 661 sq. ; v 34;
in England, 209; 244; 246; in Ireland,
312 sqq.; death of, 314; 655; 660
Comte Henri de. Marshal of France,
defeats Gaston in Lorraine, iv 140
Nicholas von. See Capua, Arch-
bishop of
Schoockius, Martin, iv 788
Schools, monastic, in general, i 633 sqq.;
of Charles the Great, 535 sq. ; of Brethren
of the Common Life {especially Deventer),
and of Windesem Congregations, 435 sqq. ;
627 sqq. ; the Eenaissance and. Chap, xvi,
The Classical Eenaissance, passim, es-
pecially 556 sqq., 574, and for English
schools, 581 sq.; German, in the pre-
Beformation period, 637 sq.; Italian, of
the same period, 649; later: — Belgian,
religious instruction in, xi 669 sq., 671
sq.; attempt to secularise education in,
sii 251 sqq. : in Canada, x 695 : in China,
XII 522: Danish, spread of, 292: Egyptian,
and Mehemet Ali, 453 sq. : English, asso-
ciations for the advancement of elementary
education (1810-13), ix 692; and Educa-
tion Acts of 1870-2, XII 24 sq., 733; Act
of 1902, 57 sqq. ; better administration
of, 752 sq. : in Empire, after Thirty
Years' War, iv 424 sq. : French, under
First Empire, ix 126 sqq.; law of 1833
concerning, x 490; struggle concerning,
from 1840, xi 26 sqq. ; and the ♦♦ Falloux'
Act," 129 sqq. ; under Napoleon III, 297 ;
and clerical reaction, xn 114; and policy
of Third Kepublic, 117 sq. : in India,
under Lord Ripon, 476 : Irish, Act of 1831,
71: Polish, after 1815, x 449; under
Eussia, after 1863, xii 336 sq. ; Polish lan-
guage in, 353: Prussian, under Frederick
William I, vi 225: Eussian, founded
under Peter the Great, v 529; from
1802-3, X 430; under Alexander II, xi
624 sq.; and Count Dmitry Tolstoi, xn
298 sq. ; 315 sq. ; and Provincial Zemstvo
Board of Moscow, 327; and Zemstva
generally, 330; in Baltic Provinces, 336;
for Jews, 340: in Spain, just before
absolutist reaction, x 229: Swiss, of
Pestalozzi, ix 427; of 19th century, xi
260 sq.
Schooneveld, sea-fight at (1673), v 161, 194;
195
Schoonhoven, taken by the Spaniards
(1575), in 241
Schooten, Franciscus van, v 711
Schopenhauer, Arthur, x 410
Schoppe, Caspar, and Giordano Bruno, n
708; attacks the Jesuits, iv 113
Schorch, Grisons leader, at Innsbruck, iv 62
Schorlemer, Freiherr von, German politi-
cian, xii 147
Schott, Andreas, editor of Bibliotheca
Patrum, i 618
Schouten, Willem C. van, voyages of, iv
713
Schouwen, island of, taken by the Spaniards
(1575), m 242, 244
Schrader, Clemens, and Syllabus, xi 715
Hanoverian envoy to Sweden, vi 34
Schroder, Andreas, Baron von, Eussian
ambassador at Dresden, xi 232
Schroeder, General, defeated at Turnhout,
VI 652
Schroderheim, Elis, Swedish vicar-general,
VI 776
Schrotter, Prussian Minister, ix 334
Schubart, Christian F. D., poet,vm 772 sq.
Schiipfheim, fight near, xi 251
Schiirer, Emil, German historian, xn 847
Schiitte, Anton, Austrian agitator, xi 174
Schutz, Baron Georg Wilhelm Helvig von,
Hanoverian envoy in London, vi 15 sq.
Baron Ludwig Justus von, vi 4;
Hanoverian envoy in London, 9; 12
Schulenburg, Friedrich Albrecht, Count von
der, at Congress of Vienna, ix 587
■ Ehrengard Melusina von der. See
Kendal, Duchess of
Count Matthias Johann von. General,
in Poland, v 594
Schulm, Johann Sigismund, Danish states-
man, VI 740; 742
Schulte, Johann Friedrich von, German
canonist, xn 848
Schulz, General, defeats Tokolyi, v 366
Schulze-Delitzsch, Franz Herman, German
economist and politician, xn 146; 742
General Index,
569
Schumacher, Peter. See Griff enf eld
Schurf, Jerome, ii 117
Schurz, Carl, American statesman, vn 653
Schusterinsel, occupied by French, vi 623
Schutt, island of, Montecuculi in, v 346
Schuurman, Anna Maria van, iv 720; V
756
Schwabach, Protestant Congress at (1529),
II 207; Articles of (1529), 209 sqq.
Schwach, Konrad Nicolai, Norwegian poet,
XI 700
Schwabisch Hall, meetings of Union at,
III 689, 730, 731
Schwan, Theodore, American general, vn
680
Schwarz, Danish missionary, influence of,
IX 724
Schwarzach, battle at (1553), n 275
Schwarzburg-Eudolstadt, and Germanic
Confederation, x 344; 373
Schwarz burg- Sondershausen, and Germanic
Confederation, x 344 ; tariff-treaty of, with
Prussia, 372 ; the revolutionary movement
in, XI 149
Giinther, Prince of, xi 149
Schwarzenberg, Count Adam zu, Branden-
burg Minister, iv 100, 201, 366; death of,
384; v637; 640; 642
Charles, Prince, xi 217
Felix, Prince, Austrian Foreign
Minister, xi 92; 95; 183; Ministry of,
189 sq. ; and Frankfort Assembly, 196 sq.;
200 ; 206 ; and Russian intervention,
208 sq.; 216 sq. ; and Prussia, 218, 220;
and Germanic Confederation, 222 sq. ;
224 ; and Prussia, 227 sqq. ; and Hesse-
Cassel crisis, 228 sqq. ; at Dresden Con-
ferences, 232 sq. ; reactionary policy of,
393 sq.; 395; 398; and Hungary, 398 sq.;
death of, 215, 394
Frederick, Prince, xi 249
Karl Philipp, Prince von, ix 344;
commands Austrian troops, 488; retires
to Brest, 499 ; at Warsaw, 511 ; in Silesia,
514; in Bohemia, 523; 525; at Dresden,
526-7; effect of Kulm on, 528; hesitation
of, 531 sqq.; at Leipzig, 536 sqq.; 543;
and invasion of France, 545 sqq. ; in
Paris, 556; xll6; 357
Otto Henry, Count of, m 252
Schwarzwald, desolation of the, rv 418
Schwechat, battle at, xi 189, 202 sq.
Schwedt, Gustavus Adolphus at, rv 199;
occupied by Russians, vi 280, 286
Schwegler, Friedrich Carl Albert, German
historian, xii 821; 843
Schweidnitz, siege of, vi 264; 273; 275 sq.;
297; 299; 328
Schweinfurt, Gustavus Adolphus at, iv
213
Schweinfurth, Georg, African explorer, xn
811
Schwendi, Lazarus, Baron von (com-
missioner of Charles Y), n 272; m
170
Schwerin, bishopric of, recovered by Rome,
IV 112; ceded to Mecklenburg- Schwerin,
408
Count Henry of, ii 599
Count Kurt Christoph, Prussian
field-marshal, vi 227; 248; 256 sqq.;
death of, 259
Count Maximilian von, Prussian
statesman, xi 58; 159; Minister of the
Literior, 406
Freiherr Otto von, Brandenburg
statesman, v 642; 655
Count Otto von (the younger), v 649
sq.
Duke of. See Mecklenburg- Schwerin
Provost, Swedish financier, xi 684 sq.
Schwiebus Circle, Elector of Brandenburg
and, v 654; 655; 658 sq.
Schwyz, canton of, rises against Louis XH,
I 136; dissatisfaction in, 141; vi 613;
in 1766, 625; revolt in (1798), viii 640;
government of, xi 238 ; 239 ; disturbances
in, 242; 243; reunited, 245; and the
Aargau monasteries, 247; 251
Science, in general, effect of discovery of
New World upon, i 62 sq. ; under Cosimo
de' Medici, iii 394 ; Spanish contributions
to, in late 15th and early 16th centuries,
648; advance of, in early 17th century,
IV 777 sqq.; Descartes and, 778 sqq.;
Vol. V, Chap, xxiii, European Science
in the 17th and earlier years of the 18th
centuries; in France, under the First
Empire, ix 133; in Italy, after the French
Revolution, x 128 sq. ; scientific Con-
gresses from 1839-47 and political propa-
ganda, XI 68 sq. ; in Switzerland, in 19th
century, 260 sq. ; Hungarian Academy
of (1825), 425 sq.; Vol. xn. Chap, xxiv,
766-91
Scilly Islands, reduction of, iv 466; Wesley
in, VI 83
Scio, Turkish defeat off, vi 673; massacre
at (1822), X 185, 186
Scioppius. See Schoppe, Caspar
Sclopis, Count Federigo, History of Legis-
lation^ XII 842
Scodra. See Skutari
Scolnek, taken by Turks (1552), in 123;
acquired by Solyman II, 124
Scone, Charles II crowned at (1651), iv
610
Scory, John, Bishop of Chichester, n 490,
502, 621, 567, 572
Scot, Thomas, Secretary of State, iv 548;
556 sq.
Scotland [for affairs of Great Britain in
common tee England], and England, n
419-22; 453-62, 548; attempted union
of 1547, 487; France and, 499, 574 sq.;
the Reformation in. Chap, xvi passim-,
condition of, in 1560, 651; rebellion in
(1559), 572 sq. ; Calvinism in, ni 260 sqq. ;
Catholicism in, 262 sq., 271, 492; and
Mary Stewart, Chap, vni passim ; Guise's
670
General Index,
scheme of invasion of, 603; Kirk of,
549 sqq. ; political and ecclesiastical
changes in, 550 sqq. ; and England, 549,
555 sq. ; see also James YI of Scotland
and I 01 England ; zv 283 sqq. ; and
Strafford, 288; Charles I in, 298 sqq.;
297; 301; 315; Parliamentary negotia-
tions with, 316 sq. ; Solemn League and
Covenant and, 318; 357; 327 sq.; 333;
and France, 338; 342; Koyalism in, 349;
Cromwell in, 350; Church of, 359;
Charles 11 proclaimed in (1649), 435;
subjugated by Monck, 436 ; representation
of, 437, 440; "Instrument of Govern-
ment" and, 438; 446; revenue of, 457;
from accession of Charles I to Bestora-
tion, see Chap, xvn; 522; opposes army,
545; Monck and, 546 sq., 552; 554;
1660-1707, Vol. V, Chap, x (2); and the
Eestoration, 103; effect of Dutch War
in, 110; risings in, 187, 225; James 11
and, 312; 465; 474; 612; Jacobitism
and Union in, Vol. vi. Chap, in passim \
34; Wesley in, 83, 86; 169; Jacobite
rising in, 243; 469; 476; intellectual
activity of, vm 769 sqq. ; parliamentary
representation in, x 606 sq. ; municipal
reform in, 670; vernacular poetry of,
701; agriculture in, 739 sq. ; banking
in, 744; Disruption in, xi 5 sqq., 18;
xn 1; Education Act (1872) in, 25; 27;
Liberalism in, 31; parliamentary repre-
sentation of, 42 ; Secretaryship for, estab-
lished, ib. ; and disestablishment, 49 ;
Unionist majority in, 53 ; 762 sq.
Scott, Edmund, iv 734
John, Earl of Eldon. See Eldon
Sir John, Judicial Adviser in Egypt,
XII 450
Eobei-t Falcon, Antarctic expedition
of, XII 815
Sir Walter, vi 831 sqq. ; and Edin-
burgh Review, ix 687; x 102; literary
influence of, 402; 708; poetry of, 716 sq.;
novels of, 717, 719, 724, xn834; x 722;
influence of, upon continental literature,
725 sq.; xi 355; 358; 361; 426; in-
fluence of, on French literature, 519,
523; QuentinDurward,xu 824; Ivanhoe,
830
■ Sir William. See Stowell, Lord
Winfield, American general, in
Mexico, vn 396 sq., 419; 447, 455 sq.,
465, 467; retirement of, 468; 477
Colonel, at Nagpur, xi 726
Scotti, Marquis, Parmesan envoy to Spain,
VI 139
Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Colin, and the Nile
Barrage, xn 446
Scribe, Augustin-Eugene, dramatist, xi
615 sq.
Scriptoris, Paul, professor at Tiibingen, r 682
Scripture and tradition, discussed at the
Council of Trent, n 665 sq. See also
Bible, New Testament, etc.
Scroggs, Sir William, Lord Chief Justice, v
225
Scrooby, flight of Nonconformists from
(1606), vn 12
Scrope, George J. Poulett, x 655
Scud^ry, Madeleine de, x 718; 724
Scully, Dennis, and the movement for
Catholic emancipation, x 629 sq. ; 631 sq.
Scultetus, Abraham, iv 5; at Prague, 6; 31
Scutari. See Skutari
Seabury, Samuel (Bishop of Connecticut),
legal arguments of, Vol. vn. Chap, vi
passim
Seafield, James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of, Lord
Chancellor of Scotland, v 299
Seaforth, William Mackenzie, 6th Earl of,
VI 100; 102 sq.; 105
Sebald, Carl Fredrik, Gustavus III and, vi
769
Sebastian, King of Portugal, m 499
Sebastiani , Fran<?oi8-Horace-Bastien,Comte,
Marshal of France , ix 103 ; reports on Egypt ,
211 ; brings about rupture between Eussia
and Turkey, 281; at Constantinople, 388;
and La Mancha, 449; defeats Cartaojal,
450 ; and Victor, 451 ; and Venegas, 452
sqq.; at Granada and Malaga, 457 ; x 120 ;
476; 478; supports Louis-PhUippe, 480;
489; and Algiers, 502; ambassador in
London, 565
Jean-Andr^-Tiburce, Vicomte, French
general, xi 97 ; 100
Sebottendorf van der Eose, Karl Philipp,
Baron, Austrian lieutenant field-marshsS,
vm 558, 568 sq.
Sechelles, Conde's envoy in England, n 584
Seckendorf, Friedrich Heinrich, Count von,
Austrian field-marshal, vi 210 sq.; 236;
238; in Bavaria, 241 sq.
Secretan, Louis, ix 97
Sects, growth and persecution of, in Ger-
many, n 223 sq. See {for England),
Nonconformists, also Vaudois, etc.
Secus, Frederic, Baron de, x 536
Sedaine, Michel- Jean, French dramatic
poet, V 70; VI 823; vm 725
Sedan, Bouillon retires to, m 681; Elector
Palatine at, iv 81; 150; compensation
for, 616; French army at (1792), vm 238,
407, 409 ; capitulation of, ix 758 ; xi 465 ;
battle of, 496, 544, 595, 597 sq., 600 sq.,
612, xn 91, 187, 191, 213
Seddon, James A., Confederate Secretary of
War, vn 605
Sedgrnoor, battle of (1685), v 232
Sedlnitzky, Josef, Count, chief of police in
Vienna, x 357; xi 154
Seebohm, Frederic, historian, xn 835; 850
Seelmufen, The (bands of rebellious peasants) ,
nl79
Seeley, Sir John Eobert, historian, xi 363;
writings of, xn 840 sq.
S^ez, Jean Bertaut, Bishop of, ra 71
Sega, Philip. See Plasencia, Bishop of
battle of, XI 211. 428
General Index.
671
Segovia, Philip at, in 208; Montigny im-
prisoned at, 228; depopulation of, v 376;
Eipperda at, vi 143 ; Estremaduran army
sent to, rx 444
Martin Perez Ayala, Bishop of, n 680
Siguier, Antoine-Jean-Matthieu, Baron, ix
166
Antoine-Louis, Freijch advocate-
general, in 59; vni 106
Pierre, President of the Parliament
of Paris, n 294; m 59
Pierre, Chancellor of France (1643),
IV 593
S^gur, Louis-Philippe, Comte de, French
ambassador at St Petersburg (1768), vi
697
Louis-Philippe, Comte de, Grand
Master of Ceremonies (1805), es 111
Philippe-Henri, Marquis de, Minister
of War, vm 95 sq., 107, 402
Segur d'Aguesseau, Joseph-Paul-Louis, xi
474
S^gur-Pardailhan, emissary of Navarre, m
36, 708, 710
Sehested, Hannibal, Norway under, iv 572;
573 sq.
Seicentisti, The, and French influence in
Italy, V 69
Seignelay, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (the elder).
Marquis of. See Colbert
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (the younger),
Marquis of, French Minister of Marine,
v 59; vii 87, 109
Seistan, Sher Ail and, xn 464; Bussia and,
492; 800
Seklucyan, Jan, in 74
Selangor, sultanate of, xn 532 sq.
Selborne, Eoundell Palmer, 1st Earl of,
Lord Chancellor, xn 27
William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd
Earl of, in South Africa, xn 644
Selden, John, case of Darnel and, iv 267;
281 ; Eoot-and-Branch petition and, 292 ;
VI 800
Self-denying Ordinance, The, iv 325 sqq.
Selim I (the Great), Ottoman Sultan (1512-
20), I 84; conquests of, 90 sq., m 17;
becomes Caliph, i 91; death of, 92, m
126; X 648
n, Ottoman Sultan, in 124, 127-8,
130 sqq., 136; death of (1574), 139, 170
ni, Ottoman Sultan, vm 294, 326;
declares war on Eussia, ix 235; 289, 293,
306; accession of, 385; organises his
forces, 386-7; deposes the hospodars of
Moldavia and Wallachia, 388; appeal
of Tipu to, 723; x 171
Prince. See Jeh^ngir, Moghul
Emperor
Selim6, travellers at, xii 805; 813
Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of,
settlements in Bed Eiver valley attempted
by, 1x747, xn604; x 691
Sella, Quintino, Italian statesman, ii537;
Finance Minister, 643 sq. ; xn 213 ; 216
Seller, Abednego, History of Passive
Obedience, vi 807
Selling {(yr Sellyng), William Tilley of,
Prior of Christchurch, Canterbury, i
491, 579, 598, 643
Selmer, Christian August, Norwegian states-
man, xn 283 sq.
Selz, conferences at (1798), vm 642, 644
SemljlenQay, Jacques de Beaune, Sieur de,
French Minister of Finance, i 409 sq. ;
II 95 sq.
Semendria (Smederevo), besieged by the
Turks (1454), i 69; captured (1458), 70,
72 ; reduced by Loudon, vm 326 ; garrison
at, XI 647
Semigallia, recognised as Polish fief, m
73
Semirechensk, province of, xi 631
Semler, Johann Salomo, New Testament
studies of, xn 816
Semliki river, exploration on, xn 812
Semlin, taken by Solyman the Magnifioent
(1521), I 93; m 125
Semmes, Eaphael, Confederate naval com-
mander, vn 565 sq.
S^monville, Charles-Louis Huguet, Marquis
de, IX 89-90
French politician, vm 677
Sempach, battle of, vi 617
Sempill, Francis, Jacobite, vi 109 sqq.
Senaf^, Italian success at, xn 240
Senarcleus, Claud de, n 403
Louis de, Eeformer, n 403
Sdnart, Jules, xi 110; 118; 123
Sendai Bay, xi 860
Sendai, clan, xi 859
— - daimio of, xi 836
Seneca, The. See Iroquois
Senece, Baron de, m 45
Seneff, battle of (1674), v 44, 161
Senegal, reconquered by France (1694), v
60 ; France and, vi 347 ; 428 ; 452 ; ceded
to France, 464; Company of, 173, 633;
gum trade of, vn 327; lost by France
(1809), IX 240; xn 95; French adminis-
tration in, 129; 130; 448; 812
river (Western Nile), discovery of,
I 14; French settlements on, v 691 sq.;
France and, xn 658 sq. ; 805 sq.
)ia, the English in, vi 187
Jean Soanen, Bishop of, v 90
Captain, in Yunnan, xn 524
Senfft von Pilsach, Baron, xi 51
Seniavia, Eussian admiral, ix 235; 304
Senior, William Nassau, x 660 sq. ; economic
principles of , 784 ; xi 1 ; and social reform,
xn745
SenMs, Council of (1240), i 668; Treaty of
(1493), 111, 392, 451; fight at (1589),
m 47
Sennar, Egyptian rule in, xn 439; 805 sq.
Senneterre, Count, French diplomatist,
VI 35
Sennheim, Charles of Lorraine defeated at
(1638), IV 377
672
General Index.
Sens, Provincial Synod of (1528) suppresses
heresy, ii 284; slaughter of Huguenots
at, ni 1; Coss^ at, 14; concessions of
Henry IV to, 666
Louis-Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin,
Archbishop of, v 22
Archbishop of. See Lomenie de
Brienne
Seoul, Russia and, xn 507; 567; Chinese
influence in, 670; 671; occupied by the
Japanese, 580; 681
Sepoy rebellion, xi 745 sqq.
Septizonium, The, of Severus, destroyed by
Sixtus V, in 443-4
Septuagint, Eoman edition of, n 688; pub-
lication of, by Sixtus V, m 445
Serafino, Fra, of Ferrara, n 386
of Aquila, ni 458
Seraphim, Archbishop of St Petersburg, x
423 sqq. ; 452
Serbelloni, commands Spanish troops in
Valtelline, iv 58, 61 sq.
Austrian general, vi 257; 260; 277
Serbs, xi 179; rising of, 180; 182; 206;
217; 285; and Austria, 399
Sercey, Pierre-C.-C.-Guillaume, Marquis
de, French admiral, viii 466
Sercognani, General, xi 72
Seres, policing of, xii 426
Sergent, Antoine-Franpois, member of the
Commune, viii 225, 234, 300
Sergius, Grand Duke of Russia, xn 331;
murdered, 350; 376
Seringapatam, attack on (1792), vi 475;
captured (1799), ix 723
Seripando, Girolamo, Cardinal, n 676 sqq.;
at the Council of Trent, 667 sq.
Sermoneta, Michelangelo Caetani, Duke of,
XI 79
Serpa Pinto, Alexandre Alberto de la Rocha,
Portuguese explorer, xii 663 ; 811
Serra, Correa da, botanist, viii 783
de Pilar, and the siege of Oporto,
X 328 sqq.
Serrano, Francisco, Duke of La Torre,
Spanish statesman, xii 260; 262
Bedoya, Spanish general, xi 569
Serrano Dominguez, Francisco, Duke of La
Torre, and Queen Isabel, xi 555 sq.;
Captain - General of Granada, 556;
banished, 568 sq. ; elected Regent, 570
Serre, Comte Pierre-Fran? ois-Hercule de,
X 47 sq.; supports Government, 49 sq.;
President of Chamber, 51 ; and electoral
schemes, 51 sq.; and Doctrinaires, 52 sq.;
55; 57; Minister of Justice (1818), 57;
and electoral proposals, 58, 60 sq.; 59;
and Decazes Ministry, 61 sq. ; health of,
breaks down, 62; 63 sq. ; defends new
electoral proposals, 65 sqq.; and Royer-
Collard, 67 sq. ; 69; 70 sq.; 73; 103
Serres, Olivier de, i 525; ra 70; his work
on agriculture, 694
Serristori, Battista, Savonarolist, i 176
Sertini, agent of Italian Carbonari ^ x 213
S^rurier, Jean-M.-Philibert, French mar-
shal, vra 443 sqq., 564, 567, 656, 685
Servan de Gerbey, Joseph, Minister of War
to Louis XVI, vm 227, 406 sq.; recalled,
238, 412, 439
Servatus, Lupus, Latinist, i 535
Servetus (Miguel Serveto y Reves), n 375,
411 sq., 716; ra 756; v 726 sq.
Servia, under Stephen DuSan, i 67; Mo-
hammad I attacks, 68 sq.; conquest of,
by Turks, 70; reconquered by Turks
(1690), V 61; 367; Austrian invasion of,
368 sq.; Tartar invasion of, vi 673;
675; Joseph II and, vin 324; claimed
by Russia, ix 312 ; and Treaty of
Bucharest, x 169 ; gains autonomous
government, 172; (1858-69), xi 647 sq.;
284 sq.; Russia and, 312, 634, xn 342,
378; XI 533; 636; xn 10; 32; 381; at
war with Turkey, 383, 385 sqq.; 389;
coalition Ministry in, 391; 392; and
Treaty of Berlin, 396; at war with Bui-
garia, 406 sq. ; affairs in (1888-1906),
411 sqq.; 421; and Macedonia, 424;
427 sq.; Ranke's History of, 824
Alexander Karageorgevich, Prince of,
XI 285; 647
Milan, Prince of. See Milan
Milosh Obrenovich, Prince of. See
Milosh
Servicio, Spanish tax, n 99
Servien, Abel. See Sable
Seslavin, Russian officer, guerrilla warfare
of, IX 497
Seso, Carlos de. Reformer, n 407 sqq.
Sessa, fight at, xi 390
Luis de Corduba, Duke of, Imperial
ambassador in Rome, n 21
Duke of, ni 454
Sestri Levante, Alberoni at, vi 125
Seton Castle, Jacobites at, vi 99
Seton, John (Gardiner's chaplain), n 501
Settele, Giuseppe, Italian astronomer, x
137
Settembrini, Luigi, Protesta del popolo
delle due Sicilie, xi 69, 79; 87; 380
Settimo, Ruggiero, resigns ofSce, ix 384;
Sicilian leader in 1848, 385; xi 80
Settle, Elkanah, English dramatist, v 134
Seume, Johann Gottfried, German humour-
ist, X 403
Seurre, allotted to Mayenne, ni 668
Sevastopol, vi 648; port of, 675 sq.; de-
fences of, viii 295, 313; 315; xi 316 sq.;
siege of, 318 sq. ; fall of, 322; 323; naval
mutiny at, xn 362 ; 382
"Seven Days' Battles," The (1862), vn
478 sq.
Seven Pines, Federal repulse at (1862), vn
476 sq.
Years' War, The Northern (1563-70),
IT 163 sqq.
Years' War, The (1756-63), Vol. vi,
Cbap. IX, 251-300; results of, vra 51,
307
I
General Index,
673
Severia, Swedish army in, v 598
Severoli, Cardinal, x 139
S^ves, Octave-Joseph-Anthelme (Suleiman
Pasha), French colonel, x 548; 569
Sevign^, Marie de Eabutin-Chantal, Mar-
quise de, V 7; 9
Seville, has monopoly of colonial trade, n
100 ; silk industry of, ih. ; Beformation
in, 404-7 ; defence of, in 324 ; trade
of, 492, 496; Philip m, 494; seizure of
private property by Government at, 512;
depopulation of, v 376; 684; Spanish
Court at, VI 166 ; Dupont sent to reduce
(1808), IX 436 sq.; Victor and, 449; taken
by French (1810), 456; Soult and, 468;
Junta of, 438, 448, 451-2, 455; Free-
masons of, X 215; Cortes at, 227 sq. ;
239; the consulado of, 247; and Indian
trade, 254 sqq.; and slave trade, 260;
Junta of, 282, 285; capture of, by French
(1810), 286; Junta of, and Mexico, 308;
rising at, xi 557
Treaty of (1729), v 555, vi 60 sq.,
64, 149, 202
Caspar de Zuniga, Cardinal Arch-
bishop of. See Zuniga
Fernando de Valdes, Archbishop of,
n 405, 408 sq.
Isidore, Bishop of (d. 636), i 534
Don Enrique, Duke of, xi 553 sqq. ;
cashiered by Narv&ez, 557
Sevres, Austro-French negotiations at, vi
335; normal school at, xn 118
Seward, Anna, vm 767
William Henry, "Higher Law"
speech of, vn 403, 428 sq., 440, 445;
Secretary of State, 450, 479, 536 ; attack
on, 545 sq.; 575; 589 sq., 592; foreign
policy of, 635 sqq., 653; xn 16 sq. ; 19;
21 ; and Mexico, 676 ; and Alabama dis-
pute, 720
Sext, The, m 745. See also Codes
Sextus Empiricus, n 712
Seydlitz, Friedrich Wilhelm von, Prussian
general, vi 265; 270 sqq.; 283 sqq.
Seymour, Charles, Duke of Somerset. See
Somerset
Sir Edward Hobart, Admiral, in
China, xn 519 sq.
Francis, on foreign policy, iv 261 ; 263
Sir George Hamilton, British am-
bassador at St Petersburg, xi 312; at
Lisbon, 573
Lord Henry, m 309, 313
Horatio, Governor of New York, vn
632
Jane. See Jane, Queen of England
Sir Michael, Admiral, xi 325
Sir Thomas, Lord Seymour of
Sudeley, Lord High Admiral, n 242,
477; plots and execution of, 488
Sezanne, skirmish at (1814), ix 547;
Bliicher defeats Marmont at, 549
Paul Victor de, French deputy, vm
488
Sfondrato, Francesco, Cardinal, n 670
Sforza, Francesco, Galeazzo Maria, Gian
Galeazzo, Ludovico Maria, Massimiliano.
See Milan, Dukes of
Cardinal Ascanio, i 110, 123, 177,
196, 226
Bianca Maria, consort of Maximilian
1, 1 106, 111
Caterina, i 113, 238, 624; ra 387
Giovanni. See Pesaro
Shabatz, garrison of, xi 647; King Peter
proclaimed at, xn 412
Shackleton, Sir Ernest, Antarctic expedition
of, XII 815
Shadwell, Thomas, dramatist, v 127; 130;
133 sq.
Shafiroff, Peter Pavlovitch, Baron, Kussian
Vice-Chancellor, v 546; negotiates with
the Porte, 605 sqq.; 612 sq.
Shafter, William Rufus, American general,
VII 680
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st
Earl of, and Cromwell's title, iv 443;
485; V 93; 101; Otway's caricature of,
131; Dryden's satire on, 134; and
French Alliance, 191; 198; 201; Lord
Chancellor, 207; 208 sq.; and the
Test Act, 210 ; dismissal of, ib. ; and
the Prince of Orange, 213; opposes
Non-resisting Test, 216 sq. ; as leader of
Opposition, 218; sent to Tower, ib.;
opposes the Duke of York, 222 sq.;
President of Privy Council, 224; 225
sqq.; accused of high treason, 228; 229;
Locke and, 253; 274; 306; and Treaty
of Dover, 333 ; and succession, 334 ; 336 ;
death of, 230; vi 808; land in New
England granted to, vn 34
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of,
X 659,sq. ; 681 ; xi 5 ; 353 ; xn 744
Shah Alam, Moghul Emperor, vi 524;
invades Bengal, 559 ; 561 ; 563 ; and
Marathas, 568; 569
Jehan, Moghul Emperor, vi 515;
517 sq.; deposed, 519; 520
Sha-ho river, Russo-Japanese War on, xii
592 sqq.
Sha-ho-pu, captured by Japanese, xn 593
Shahryar, son of Emperor Jehangir, vi
517
Shakespear, Richmond, in Afghanistan,
xii 800
Shakespeare, William, ni 547, 553 ; Lessing
and, X 385 ; Herder and, 386 ; Schlegei's
translation of, 399; xi 353; 415; 421;
in Hungarian literature, 424 sq., 429 sq.;
Danish translation of, 699
Shakhovsk6y, Prince D., xn 333
Shakir Pasha, and the Armenian massacres,
xn 417
Shalavroflf, Russian explorer, xn 795
Shalderque, William, United States agent
in Leghorn, x 213
Shales, Henry, Commissary-general in Ire-
land, V 313 sq.
C. M. H.
674
General Index.
Shami], surrender of, xi 633
Shanghai, xi 807; capture of, 809; 810;
816; attacked by "Taipings," 821;
Kim-ok Kiun murdered at, xii 510 ; 512 ;
526 sq. ; Court of Appeal at, 541 ; 796
Shan-hai-Kwan, projected railway to, xn
505
Shannon, Henry Boyle, Earl of, vi 448 sq.;
494
Shantung, Germany and, xn 171; 512;
517
Shapuri island, British occupation of, xi
727
Shari river, discovered, xn 807; 811 sq.
Sharington, Sir William, frauds on the
Mint by, ii 488
Sharp, Granville, and abolition of slavery,
VI 188; 472; vm 755
James, Archbishop of St Andrews,
v 281 sqq. ; 284; murder of, 285
John, Dean of Norwich, v 234
Sharpe, Sir Alfred, xii 811
James, Eestoration and, iv 553 sq.
Shashih, opened to trade, xii 512
Shaw, Lemuel, Chief Justice of Massa-
chusetts, VII 735
Eobert, Indian tea-planter, xii 801
William, Irish politician, xii 77
Shawia, French occupation of, xii 133
Shawnee, The (American Indians), vn
337
Shaxton, Nicholas, Bishop of Salisbury, n
467
Shayevich, organises strike at Odessa, xn
331
Shays, Daniel, leader of "Eegulators," vn
313
Shchepkin, at Moscow Congress, xn 356
Shcherbatdff, Prince, xn 327
Sheares, Henry, and Irish rebellion, ix
701-2
John, and Irish rebellion, ix 701-2
Sheb, travellers at, xn 805, 813
Sheerness, fortification of, v 112 ; de Euyter
at, 188; flight of James II to, 247
Sheffield, steel manufacture in, x 733;
University, xii 763
Edmund Sheffield, Lord, n 475
Sheikh-ul-Islam, The, position of, i 101;
(1644), XI 275
Shell, Eichard Lalor, x 634; 637; and
new Catholic Association, 639 sq., 641;
643; 649; and Coercion Bill, 657
Shein, Alexei, Eussian general, v 522 sq.;
525
Shelburne, 2nd Earl of. See Lansdowne,
1st Marquis of
Shelby ville (Tennessee), Confederate retreat
to (1862), vn 508
Sheldon, Gilbert, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, V 100; 331; 753
Shellabargar, Samuel, Eepublican leader,
vn 628
Shelley, John, Treasurer of Household, vi
437
532;
ir's,
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, vi 825; 828 sqq.;
834 sq. ; vm 768 ; x 580, 709 sq. ; the
poetry of, 712 sqq.; and Byron, 713 sqq.;
722 sqq.; xi 350 sq.; 362
Shelton, John, Colonel, defeated by Afghans,
XI 733
Shemak, Eussian agent at, v 544; 545
Shenandoah, The, "commerce destroyer,"
bought in England, vn 565 sq. ; question
of, xn 20
Shenandoah Valley, Stonewall Jackson
in, vn 475, 477; Sigel in (1864), 516;
importance of, 530 sq. ; Early in,
Sheridan in, ib. sq.
Shendy, travellers at, xn 805 sq.
Shenstone, William, poet, vi 830; x
Shepheards Calender, Edmund Spens
in 366, 369-70
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus, and Transvaal,
XII 35, 636
Sher Ali, Amir of Afghanistan, xn 459 sqq.;
relations of, with England and Eussia,
464 sqq.; 471; 475; death of, 470
Sher Shah, Afghan chief, vi 510 sq.
Sher Sing, Sikh rebel, xi 741
Sherborne Castle, stormed by Parliamen-
tarians, IV 332 sq.
Sherbrooke, Eobert Lowe, Viscount, xi 339
sq.; 764 sq.; Chancellor of Exchequer,
xn 23; 29
Sheremetieff, Boris Petrovich, Boiar, Eus-
sian field-marshal, v 524; suppresses
revolt at Astrakhan, 531; 588; defeats
the Swedes, 590; captures Dorpat, 591;
594; 598; campaign of, against Turks,
(J04 sq.
Sheridan, Philip Henry, American general,
VII 518 sq. ; in Shenandoah Valley,
532 sq., 537; at City Point, 537; in
pursuit of Lee, 539 sqq.
Eichard Brinsley, vi 462
Treasurer of Navy, 464; viii 298,
IX 102 ; 439 ; and Whig party, 676 ;
peace, 681 ; 685 ; and Eegency, 690 ;
Warren Hastings, 715
Sir Thomas, Jacobite, vi 111
Sherif Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt, xn
435
Sheriffmuir, battle of, vi 100; 102
Sherman, John, American Secretary of the
Treasury, vn 643, 653, 668
Eoger, deputy at Constitutional Con-
vention, Vol. VII, Chap. VIII passim
William Tecumseh, vn 463, 466;
at Shiloh, 497; captures Jackson, 505;
510 sq. ; at Chattanooga, 511 sqq. ; and
campaign in the West (1864), 514, 520
sq. ; captures Atlanta, 522 sq. ; marches
to sea, 526 sqq., 533 sq. ; at City Point,
537; and peace negotiations, 542; 683
Act, The, vn 668
Shiel, Loch, Prince Charles at, vi 112
Shigatse, travellers in, xn 798, 803 sq.
Shiites, The, persecution of, by Selim I,
I 90
sq.;
760;
; and
; and
General Index.
675
Shikarpur, occupation of, xi 736
Shiloh, battle of (1862), vn 497
Shimada Sakon, retainer of the Kwam'baku,
XI 837
Shimadzu Saburo, Japanese statesman, xi
844 ; mission of, to Yedo, 845 ; 846 ; 851 ;
864 ; XII 549
Shimidzu, Japanese noble, xi 825
Shimoda, Japanese port, xi 829 sqq.; opened
to foreign trade, 833
Shimonoseki, naval expedition to, xi 848;
853; bombardment of, xn 546; Treaty
of, 345, 512 sq., 572
Straits of, xi 848; 851
Sbinshiu, disturbances in, xi 864
Ship of Fools, The, of Sebastian Brant,
I 683; II 280
Shipka Pass, xn 388 sq.
Ship-money, levy of (1628), iv 268, 282 sqq.
Shipdff, Dmitry, and Russian reform, xii
327 sqq.; 347; 352; 354; and Count
Witte, 360; 365; invited to form a
Cabinet, 368; Stolypin and, 369
Shipoff, Colonel, captures Rescht, v 545
Shippen, William, Jacobite, vi 395
Shir6 river, xn 660; Livingstone on, 809
Shirley, Sir Anthony, in 541
James, English dramatist, m 381
Sir William, Governor of Massachu-
setts, vn 69, 115 sq., 124 sq.
Dr, Chancery action by, v 217
Shirwa, Lake, discovered, xn 809
Shishkoff, Alexander, Russian admiral,
Secretary of Council of State, n 488;
Minister of Education, x 425
Sholingar, English victory at, vi 577
Shonai clan, xi 859
Shore, Sir John, Lord Teignmouth, and
Bengal, ix 713; Governor-General of
India, 717 sqq.
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, Admiral, v 412;
416; 419
Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of,
V 240 sq. ; and invitation to William of
Orange, 242; 255; Secretary of State,
258; 259; and James II, 262; 274; 430;
and Peace of Utrecht, 440; Lord Cham-
berlain, 469; influence of, in 1714, 475;
Lord Treasurer, 476
George Talbot, 4th Earl of, puts
down Pilgrimage of Grace, n 446; 513,
517
Shuiski, Princes of family of, v 487, 491,
496
Andrew, murder of, v 487
Prince Skopin, v 500 sq.
Vasili. See Vasili IV, Tsar
Shujah, Prince, son of Shah Jeh^n, vi 519
Shuja-ud-daul4, Nawab Wazir of Oudh,
VI 555; 561; 563; and Hastings, 569;
and Rohillas, 570; 678 sq.
Shuldham, Thomas, Colonel, xi 728
Shumacher, family of, vi 625
Shumla, Turkish force at, x 202; Kossuth
at, XI 216
Shungaku, Prince of, xi 844 ; President of
Council, 845; at Kioto, 847; 850; 851
Shurur, victory of Turks over Persians at
(1502), I 88
Shuvaloff, Alexander, vi 311
Peter, vi 311
Peter, Count, Russian ambassador
in London, xi 631 sq. ; xn 142, 394 ;
and Poland, 337
Siam, Dutch trade with, in 638, iv 711;
China and, xi 802; xn 4; and France,
49, 132; Anglo-French agreement and,
456; 498; 508; affairs in (1511-1907),
534 sqq.; 797
Si-an-fu, Chinese Court at, xn 520
Sibbem, Norwegian Minister, xi 690
Sibbes, Richard, iv 279
Siberia, Russian acquisitions in, v 494 sq.;
531 ; banishments to, 552, 554, vi 312,
315, 690, XI 628; v 595; Orthodox mis-
sion of, X 422; XI 270; population of,
273; newspapers in, 625, 651; xn 4;
emigration to, 318; 321; development
of, 344 sq. ; 373 sq. ; opening up of,
794
Siberian Railway, xn 324; 326; 331; 844
sq. ; 362 ; and Russo-Japanese War, 578,
592, 600
Sibi, district of, xn 471
Sibir, Tartar capital, v 494 sq.
Sibthorpe, Robert, iv 268; vi 803; 807
Siccardi, Giuseppe, Sardinian politician,
XI 367 sqq.
Laws, Cavour and, xi 367 sqq.; 708
Sich, community of, vi 695
Sicily, visit of Charles V to (1535), n 70;
the Emperor unable to defend against
Barbarossa, in 110; independence of,
476; raided by Turks, 486; Don John
at, 497; Philip orders ships from, 504;
Mazarin bom in, iv 592 ; disaffection of,
600; 626; French in, 601; 666; Louis
XIV and, v 53, 417, 422; Dutch fleet
at, 161; 427; ceded to Duke Victor
Amadeus of Savoy (1713), 437, 445, 448;
with Naples (the Two Sicilies), and the
Spanish Succession question, 383 sq.,
389, 398, 417, 422; vi 29; Spanish
attack on, 32 sqq.; 38; Spain and, 124
sq. ; transferred to Emperor Charles VI,
126; 151 sqq.; 596; with Naples (the Two
Sicilies), 139; ceded to Don Carlos, 167,
203 ; the Papacy and, 586 sqq.; 597 ; under
Charles III, 600; Constitution forced on
(1820), vn 368 ; Napoleon's designs on, ix
270; 272; importance of, to Napoleon,
311; 321; departure of British forces
from, 367 ; a centre of English commerce,
381 ; British in, 382 sqq. ; Joseph Bona-
parte and, 405; Murat's invasion of,
406; guaranteed to Ferdinand IV, 604;
and Naples (i.e. the Two Sicilies) and
Congress of Vienna, 603; 661, 667-8;
Church government in, x 143; Palmer-
ston and, xi 18; 69; 76; movement for
36-2
576
General Index.
reform in, 79; revolution in, 80; and
War with Austria, 85; 88 sq.; revolu-
tion in, suppressed, 91 sq. ; Garibaldi's
expedition to, 332; 380; revolution in
(1860), 388, 469; votes for annexation,
390; 531; 634 sq. ; annexed to Italy,
709; xn 214; insurrections in, 218;
socialism in, 232; condition of, 238
sq.
Sicily, Crown Prince of. See Francis I,
King of Naples and Sicily
Sickel, Theodor von, German historian,
xn 823; 829
Sickingen, Franz von, attacks Worms, i
821 sq.; n 41, 43; feud of, with Trier,
154 sq. ; m 739
Siculus, Marineus, and Geraldino, Italian
scholars, i 379, 381
Siddi, Moghul admiral, vi 531
Sidgwick, Captain Robert, vn 111
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Baron, ix 71 ;
77 sqq. ; proposal of, for war contribution,
677; Prime Minister, 679 sqq.; resigna-
tion of, 683 ; re-enters Cabinet, 690 ;
Home Secretary, x 578 sq.; 584
Sidney, Algernon, ra 749; Charles X and,
IV 541; at Amsterdam, v 110; 229;
execution of, 230; 259; writings of, vi
791, 803 sqq., 815, 818
Sir Henry, n 505; Lord Deputy of
Ireland, iii 591, 594, 609-10
Henry, Earl of Eomney {Viscount
Sidney). See Eomney
Sir Philip, in 18, 369, 371 sq., 376,
622; V 116
Sidon, fall of, to Crusaders, i 254
Siebenpfeiffer, P. J., German journalist, x
375
Siecle, Le, French newspaper, ix 758; xi
127; 292; 487
Siegen, town, under rule of two sovereigns,
X 362; relinquished by William I (1815),
524; and Luxemburg, xi 674
Siegwan-Miiller, Constantin, Mayor of
Luzem, xi 247 sq.
Siem-reap, ceded to France, xii 536
Siena, Council of (1423), i 657; (1424), 677 ;
revolt in (1545), ii 83; revolt against
Spain and conquest of (1552-5), 88 ; ceded
to Savoy, ra 385-7, 395, 397-8 ; Reformers
in, 889; conquest of, by Spain, 465, 476-
7; Intronati of, 470; granted to Medici,
478 ; claims to, vi 138 ; 152 ; and Florence,
IX 400 ; Leopold H at, xi 91 ; and Clement
VII, xn 705
St Bernardino of. See Bernardino
Sieniawska, Pani, marries Prince Augustus
Czartoryski, vi 198
Sieniecki, Grand Marshal of Diet of Warsaw
(1575), ra 97
Sierck, taken by French, rv 595
Sierra Bullones, Marquis of. See Zabala
Leone, Great Britain and, xn 658;
660; 807; 812
. Leone Company, vi 188, ix 751
Sierra Morena, defence of, rx 437 sq. ;
Cartaojal takes shelter in, 450; Areizaga's
army in, 455; Soult and, 456
Parda, Diaz at (1486), i 17
Siete Iglesias, Rodrigo Calderon, Marquis
de, rules Spain, iv 626; 628 sq. ; execu-
tion of, 636
Sievers, Count Johann Jakob, Russian
Minister, vi 683 ; 692 ; plenipotentiary in
Poland, viii 537 sqq.
Sievershausen, battle of (1553), n 275
Sieverski, v 500; retained by Poland, 504
Siewakowski, Jan, iii 83
Sieyes, Comte Emmanuel- Joseph, Abbe,
viii 2, 20, 122 sqq. ; and States General,
132 sq., 149; and National Assembly,
153 sq., 158, 176, 178, 182; on Consti-
tutional Committee, 183 ; and Brissotins,
213 sq.; in National Convention, 249;
Montagnard, 366 ; Independent, 378 ; 381 ;
and Directory, 489, 507, 515; elected
Director, 519 sq., 668; and Brumaire,
675 sq., 679 sq., 683; provisional Consul,
686 ; IX 1 sqq. ; 17, 21 ; x 41 ; 85
Sigbrit, "Mother," favourite and adviser of
Christian II, n 604
Si gel, Franz, commands in Shenandoah
Valley (1864), vn 516, 533; Baden revo-
lutionary (1849), XI 221
Sigismund of Luxemburg, Emperor, i 289
sq., 297, 424; v 621; 623; 632
I, King of Poland, i 343, 345; n
198, 632; in 74 sqq.; v 635
II Augustus, King of Poland, n 270,
635; Reformation and, 636 sq.; ra 76;
relations of, to Reformed Catholic reaction
in Poland, 78-84; iv 162 sq. ; v 354;
494; 636
Ill, King of Poland and Sweden, loses
Sweden, n 632; in 450, 698 sq., 714; iv
23; elected King of Poland, 168; 169
sqq. ; King of Sweden, 170 sqq. ; and
Charles IX, 173 sq. ; Charles and Tsar
Basil allied against, 176; 177; and
Gustavus Adolphus, 179; 180 sqq.; and
Turks, 183 ; 185 sq. ; makes peace with
Sweden, 187; rule of, in Poland, 188;
Rokosz of Sandomir and, 189; 192; v
343; 498; invades Russia, 500; 501;
death of, 504; 636
Archduke, Duke of Tyrol, i 294 sq.;
Nicholas of Cusa and, 632 sq., 689
Signory, the Florentine, and reforming
work of Savonarola, i 155 sqq.
the Venetian, ni 114-6; cautious in
regard to Henry IV, 689
Sigiienza, Inigo Manrique, Bishop of, i 658
Mendoza, Bishop of. See Mendoza,
Pedro Gonzalez Hurtado de
Sikhs, The, in Punjab, vi 523; 524; wars
with, XI 731; 739 sqq.
Si-kiang river, xn 796
Sikkim, Tibetan invasion of, xn 490;
travellers at, 798, 803
Siku arsenal, captured, xn 619
General Index.
577
Silesia, becomes part of Bohemian king-
dom, I 329, 331; meeting of Estates of
(1608), with Pressburg Allies, in 721;
and Letters of Majesty, tv 2; Diet of,
17; 22; 26; 33; occupied by Saxons,
34; sends troops to Bohemia, 22; and
Ferdinand, 28, 64; Frederick V in (1620),
68; 75; Christian of Halberstadt in, 86;
97 sqq.; subdued by Wallenstein, 103;
200; 206; controlled by Leslie, 209; 216;
237; 240; 242; Swedish troops in, 247,
370; 253 sq. ; 374; 378; 386; and
Treaty of Westphalia, 403, 412 sq, ;
effects of the War upon, 417, 421;
Brandenburg and, v 359, 624; Bohemia
and, 621; 625; 644; Great Elector and,
€54; and War of Austrian Succession,
Vol. VI, Chap, vni (3) passim] effects of
Frederick II's attack on, 158; 197; 204;
206; 209 sq. ; acquired by Prussia, 250;
276; 280; 288; Austrians in, 289; 310;
316 sqq.; Soltikoff in, 325 sq. ; 327; 338
sq.; Treaty of Hubertusburg and, 346;
352; 398; 401; Prussian army in (1790),
vm 293; 308; levy on, ix 307; con-
nexion with Prussia threatened, 308,
336; Napoleon's troops in (1808), 316;
Prussian forces in, 514; Eussian forces
in, 516; defence of, 620; campaigns in
(1813), 522 sqq.; freed, 525; 642; defeat
of army of (1814), 548; industries in,
X 732, 751, 754 sqq.; sheep-breeding in,
750 ; unrest in, xi 52 ; 171 ; 460 sq. ; xn
136; Catholic party in, 147; 201
Austrian, insurrection in, vi 628
629; Prussian army in (1778), 704 sq.
707; 709; industries of, 718 sq. ; 721
724; economic conditions in, 715 sq.
729
George, William, Duke of, v 652
Silhouette, Etienne de. Commissary of
French India Company, vi 542
Silistria, Eussian capture of, ix 485 ; fortress
of, xn 397
Silla, Mungo Park at, xn 806
Sillery, Nicolas Brulart, Marquis de,
Secretary of Henry III, in 40 ; Chancellor
of France, iv 118; superseded, 122; 127
sq.
Silva, Frey Diogo da, Inquisitor-General in
Portugal, n 413
de, Spanish ambassador in Scotland,
m 272-5, 280
Silvaplana, Grisons leaders at, rv 62
Silvela, Manuel, Spanish statesman, xi
570
Silverton, gold and silver at, xn 619
Silvester I, Pope, v 484
monk, favourite of Ivan IV, v 489;
515
Simanca, Spanish Papalist, m 757
Simancas, murder of Montigny at, in 228;
death of Hugh O'Donnell at, 533 ; archives
from, at Paris, ix 120
Simbach, surrender of, vi 238
Simcoe, John Graves, Lieutenant-Governor
of Upper Canada, ix 746
Simeon, Comte Joseph- J6r6me, vm 607,
609; IX 153; Minister of the Interior, x
63
Simla, treaty at (1838), xi 732; Afghan
conference at, xn 464; 494
Simnel, Lambert, imposture of, i 465; de-
feated at Stoke-upon-Trent (1487), 466;
in 579
Simon, Antoine, French politician, viii 234,
356, 371
■ Heinrich, German politician, xi 52;
200
Jules, and Education Commission,
XI 120; 127; 475; 485; and defence of
Paris, 497; xn 111 sq.; 114 sq.
P6re Eichard, French theologian, v
79; 87; Hebraist, xn 816
French general, ix 21 ,
Simoneau, Louis, Mayor of Etampes, vni
225, 227
Simonetta, Cicco, Milanese Minister, i 106
Luigi, legate at Council of Trent,
n 676-82
Simplon, Pass of, ix 59; road over (1807),
119, XI 239
Simpson, General Sir James, xi 322
Sir James Young, and the use of
chloroform, xn 779
Simson, Eduard, President of Frankfort
National Assembly, xi 196; 198 sq.
Si-nan-fu, Eichthofen at, xn 797
Sinapius, Johann, court physician at
Ferrara, n 384
Kilian, in Ferrara, n 384 sq.
Sinclaire, Baron Malcolm, murdered, vi 309
Sind, Emperor Humayun in, vi 611; 512;
XI 724; 727; annexation of, 731; 732;
734; war with, 736 sq.
Sindhia, Daulat Eao, position of, ix 720;
725; defeat of, 726
Madhoji EAo, power of, ix 714 sqq. ;
death of, 720
Singapore, acquired by Great Britain, xi
667; 727; Great Britain and, xn 532;
536
Sinigaglia, capture of (1502), i 195, 240;
Pius IX at, XI 71 sq.
Si-ning-fu, travellers at, xn 804
Sinn Fein, xn 90
Sinope, surrenders to Turks (1457), i
285; Turkish fleet destroyed at, xi 306,
315 sqq.
Sinsheim, victory of Turenne at (1674).
V 44 ^ '
Sintius (Sintheim), Johannes, i 436
Sinzendorf, Count Philipp Ludwig von,
Imperial ambassador at the Hague, v 439
sqq. ; 432; and the Utrecht negotiations,
450; 451; 457; vi 139 sq.; 204; 229
Sipalm, Turkish cavalry, i 99 ; changes in
the constitution of, v 342
Siponto, Sebastiano Pighino, Archbishop
of, n 671
578
General Index.
Sipyagin, Russian Minister of Interior, xn
314; 326; 329; 376
Siraj-ud-daula, Nawab of Bengal, vi 551
sqq.; death of, 555; Clive and, 556 sq.
Sir Darya, Russia and, xi 273; 630 sq.
Sirhind, Emperor Hum&yiin at, vi 511
Sirleto, Cardinal, in 450
Sirmond, Jacques, in 61
Sismondi, Jean-Charles-L^onard Simonde
de, IX 132 ; 427 ; x 40 ; xi 261 ; xn 830
Sisophon, ceded to France, xn 536
Sissek, slaughter of Hassan and his troops
at, ni 700
Sistine Chapel, decoration of, by Michel-
angelo, II 6, 14, 34
Sistova, Peace of (1791), vi 656, vm 277,
289, 293, 295, 334, ix 385; xn 388;
Bulgarian Assembly at, 405
Sitabaldi Hills, xi 726
Sitia, French occupation of, xn 423
Sitianovich, Simeon (Polotski), Russian
monk, V 516 sq.
Si Tlemcen, revolt of, xn 129
Sittard, victory over Imperialists at (1543),
n 242
Sittich, Mark, of Ems, Vogt of Bregenz,
n 329
Situ. See Chitu
Sivaji, Maratha leader, v 698; vi 621
Siverson, Captain, at Bantam, iv 734
Siwa, subdued by Ibrahim Pasha (1820), x
548; Hornemann at, xn 806
"Six Acts," The English, of 1819, x
581 sq.
"Sixteen," The, revolutionary government
of, in Paris, in 42, 50, 659, 661-2
Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere), Pope,
I 80, 108; nepotism of, 221, 237; Venice
and, 268; Spain and, 359; 387; the
Vatican Library and, 552; 560; Mat-
thias Corvinus and, 658; Pazzi con-
spiracy and, 661 ; Indulgences issued by,
662; war of, with Naples, 666; sale of
offices by, 670; the press and, 685;
Spanish Inquisition and, ii 650; pro-
hibited books and, 686; m 439-40,
444
V (Felice Peretti), Pope (Cardinal di
Montalto), Inquisition and, ii 650; Con-
gregation of the Council of Trent estab-
lished by, 686; succeeds Gregory XIII
(1585), in 38, 40 sq., 46 sq., 50; and
attack on Elizabeth, 289, 303, 349; and
Geneva, 414; 415 sq.; Rome and, Chap,
xm ; character and achievements of, 455 ;
promises money for Philip's invasion of
England, 504 sqq. ; 710; 764; death of,
IV 666; treasure of, 681
of Siena, the Bibliotheca Sancta,
I 611
Sjeelland, Peder Plade (Palladius), Bishop
of, n 616
Skaleni, Greeks defeated at (1821), x 179
Skalholt (Iceland), Gisser Einarsen, Bishop
of, n 621
Skalieh, charlatan at Prussian Court, m
153
Skalitz, fight at, xi 453
Skara, Vincent Bellenack, Bishop of, exe-
cuted in Stockholm Blodbad, n 604
Skeffington, Sir William, Lord Deputy of
Ireland, n 442
Skelton, John, Poet Laureate to Henry VHI,
n423
Skiernewicze, the three Emperors at, xn
158; 162
Skippon, Philip, iv 804; Major-general,
326; 341; 349
Skipworth Moor, muster of rebels on (1536),
n446
Skirving, William, Secretary of Edinburgh
Convention, viii 770
Skobeleff, Michael, Russian general, xi 632;
xn 313 ; 389 ; 581
Skodborg, Jorgen. See Lund, Archbishops of
Skovronskaya, Martha (Catharine I). See
Catharine I
Skram, Peder, Danish admiral, ii 230, 615
Skrzynecki, John, Polish commander-in-
chief, X 470 sqq.
SkuratoS, Lieutenant, Russian explorer, xn
795
Skutari (Bosporus), Florence Nightingale
at, XI 321
Skutari-in- Albania (Scodra), besieged and
taken by Turks (1474), i 80 sq. ;
abandoned by Venice (1479), 74, 286;
Pashalik of, ix 418; x 202; Convention
of, XI 636; Prince Nicholas at, xn 390
Lake of, xn 414
Skyros, surrendered by Venice to Turks,
m 116
Skytte, Benedict, v 656
John, tutor of Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 178; 182
Sladen, Sir Edward Bosc, on Chinese
frontier, xn 500
Slaghoek, Diederik. See Lund, Archbishops
of
Slatin Pasha, and Sudan, xn 447
Slave Coast, settlements on, v 691
Trade, movements for abolition of,
VI 188; legislation on, 472 sq.; regulated,
ib.; and Peace of Ghent (1814), vn 347;
at Congress of Vienna, ix 662; British
Abolition Act, 751 ; and Conference of
Aix-la-Chapelle, x 19 ; with Spanish
America, review of, 259 sq.
Slavery, in the U.S.A., and question of
representation, vn 266 sqq. ; 281 sq. ;
struggle in Republic concerning, 361 sq.;
Chap. XII passim ; for the great struggle,
Civil War, and emancipation. Chaps,
xiii-xix, 405-621; state of affairs after
the War, Chap, xx fassim-, in Spanish
America, x 260; British movement for
abolition of, 658 sqq. See also Slave
Trade and Emancipation
Slavinetski, Epifany, translator of the
Russian Bible, v 516
General Index,
579
Slavonia, v 352; Austrians in, 366; xi 170;
Hungary and, 173; 177 sqq.; disturbances
in (1848), 182; 202; 206
Slavs, in Germany, v 617; and Liberal
movement, xi 46; Hungary and, 173;
Slav Congress at Prague, 177; 178 sq. ;
207 ; 399 ; 404 ; Vol. xn, Chaps, vii and
XIV passim
Slawata, Count William, in 727; and the
Catholic party in Bohemia, iv 16 ; regent,
18 sq. ; "defenestration" of, 20 sq. ; 72
Sleeman, Sir William Henry, Indian official,
XI 743
Slidell, John, Confederate States envoy to
Europe, vii 447, 470; xi 335; xn 18
Sligo, surrenders to James (1689), v 309;
lost by James, 312; recovered, 313;
Castle, taken by O'Donnell (1595), ni
605
0' Conor, ni 604-5, 607
Slingelandt, Govert van, Pensionary of
Dort, V 145
Slingsby, Sir Henry, execution of, rv 447
Slivnitsa, battle of, xn 407
Slobodzeia, Turks surrender at (1811), ix
485
Slocum, Henry Warner, American general,
vn 526
Slottburg, captured by Eussians (1703),
V 590
Slough ter. Colonel Henry, Governor of New
York, vii 45
Slovaks, at Croato- Slavonic Diet, xi 179;
202; 399; Slovak writers, 654 sq.
Slovenes, xi 173 sq.; at Croato- Slavonic
Diet, 179
Slovenia, a proposed kingdom of, xi 174
Sluys, siege of (1492), i 449 sq. ; taken by
Protestants (1604), ni 535, 538, 637;
taken by Parma (1587), 623; taken by
French, vi 247
Smerwick, so-called Papal volunteers land
at (1580), ni 298 ; Fitzmaurice en-
trenched at, 597; surrender of (1580),
598
Smet de Naeyer, Comte de, Belgian states-
man, XII 253 sqq.
Smeton, Mark, execution of, n 445
Smidt, Senator, at Congress of Vienna,
IX 588
Smirnoff, Eussian general, in Port Arthur,
XII 586
Smith, Adam, political economist, v 689;
VI 45; 51; and Colonial System, 56;
vn 83; vin 71, 276, 769; advocates
Irish Union, ix 702; x 354 sq.; The
Wealth of Nations, 763 sqq.; 782; xi
311; xn 817
Caleb B., Secretary of Interior, vn
450
Donaldson, African explorer, xn 813
Edmund Kirby, Confederate general,
VII 507 ; surrender of, 543
Erasmus, Irish educationist, xn 71
Goldwin, historian, xn 839
Smith, Sir Harry George Wakelyn, xi 739;
Governor of Cape Colony, 783 sq.
James, of Deanston, x 741
John, Cambridge Platonist, v 750
John, and Virginia, vn 4, 7
Sir Lionel, General, xi 726
Dr Eichard, n 501
Eobert Vernon, Lord Lyveden, xi 329
Southwood, and social questions, xn
750
Colonel Spencer, English agent at
Strassburg, ix 28; 30
Sydney, Noodle's Oration, ix 686;
and Edinburgh Review, 687; epigrams
of, X 665; 673; 679
Sir Thomas, English statesman and
scholar, i 680 sq. ; n 484, 495; Somerset
and, 496; ambassador to France, in 8,
16-17, 748; iv 735; and Virginia Com-
pany, 748
William, Liberal M.P., vra 302
William, palaeontologist, xn 771
William Farrar, American general
and engineer, vn 511
William Henry, Leader of House of
Commons, xn 46 sq. ; death of, 48;
Irish Secretary, 84
William Eobertson, Semitic studies
of, XII 846
Sir William Sidney, British admiral,
vin 609 sqq. , 615, 617, 629 ; with squadron
in Tagus, ix 303-4; 382; and Congress
of Vienna, 662; x 547
Canadian Chief Justice, protest of,
IX 743
— — American Secretary of Interior, re-
signs (1896), VII 673
Smith Sound, exploration from, xn 815
Smolensk, annexed to Eussia, v 479 sqq. ;
493; retained by Poland, 504; restored
to Eussia (1667), 505; 531; Catharine II
and, VI 694; siege of (1812), rs 492 sqq. ;
French retreat to, 498 sqq.
Smolenski, Colonel, Greek officer, xn 421
sq.
Smolka, Frantisek, Polish politician, xi 660
Stanislas, Polish historian, xi 660
Smollett, Tobias George, vi 79; x 718
Smolna, school at, vi 692
Smorgonie, Charles XH at, v 597 sq. ;
Napoleon at, ix 504
Smyrna, burnt by Venetians, i 80; Anglo-
Dutch convoy from, v 262; British and
French fleets at, x 195; xii 37; 402
Smyth, Sir Jeremy, English naval officer,
V 183; 186
American general, invades Canada
(1812), vn 338
Snell, Willebrod, geometrician, v 715
Snellman, Finnish writer, x 434
Sniadecki, Jan, Eector of University of
Vilna, X 459
Soanen, Jean, Bishop of Senez. See Senez
Sobat river, Marchand on, xn 813
Sobdar Ehan, xi 736
680
General Index,
Sobieski, James, and Polish Crown, v 370,
TI 191
John. See John III, King of Poland
Maria Clementina, marries Prince
James Stewart (the Old Pretender), vi 37,
105
Soboleff, Russian general, in Bulgaria, xn
405
Sobor, The, Muscovite assembly under
Ivan IV, V 492 sq. ; 497; 501 sqq.
Sobraon, Sir Harry Smith at, xi 739
Sochi, rising in, xn 363
Social movements. Vol. xn, Chap, xxin,
730-65
Socialism, growth of modem movement of,
xn 758 sqq.; in Belgium, from 1896,
253 sqq.; Danish, 292; and French
Revolution, vin 790; in France, in late
19th century, xn 126 sqq.: in Germany,
Social-democratic party and Bismarck,
152 sqq.: in Holland, 248: in Italy, in
late 19th century, 231 sq. : Polish, from
Limanowski (1868), 337; Russian, xi 627
sq.; repression of, xn 296 sq.; sociological
individualism of Mikhailovsky, 302 sqq.;
and Karl Marx, 329 sqq. ; action of, in
1905, 350; 353; in Universities, 358;
Finnish, 377 ; in Spain, government
action towards, 267: Swedish, gains a
footing in Diet, 276
Societe des Amis de la Presse, x 61
des Droits de V Homme, x 489; 491
Society for commemorating the Revolution,
VI 477
for Constitutional Information, vi
477
for the Propagation of the Gospel,
founded in 1701, vn 57; attacks on, in
Massachusetts (1763), 144
■ Islands, France and, xn 666 sq.
of the Bill of Rights, vi 477
Society of United Irishmen, founded, vm 771
Socinians, origin of, in Poland, n 637 sq.
Socinus. See Sozzini, Fausto and Lelio
Socorro, revolt in (1780), x 275
Sodalitas Staupitiana, at Niimberg, i 683
Soddy, Frederick, and radio-activity, xn 790
Soderini, Cardinal Francesco, i 150; n 22
■ PaoP Antonio, i 156, 160, 169
Soderkoping, Swedish Estates at (1595),
r^ 171
Sodermanland, assigned to Charles (IX),
IV 160
Soest, occupied by Spanish garrison, iv 10
Sotern, Philip Christopher von. See Trier
Sofia, Solyman H at, m 125; xn 384; cap-
tured, 389; 407; revolution in, 408 sq.;
409 sq.; Macedonian Committee at, 425
Sohr, Prussian victory at, vi 242
Soiron, Alexander von, Baden politician,
XI 163; 165; 221
Soissons, allotted to Mayenne, m 668;
Congress of, vi 147
Charles de Bom'boa, Count of, ni
674
Soissons, Louis de Bourbon, Count of, ly
131; at Sedan, 150; death of, 151
Sokalnitz, Russian attack on, ix 260
Sokolli, Mohammad, commands the Turkish
army against Ferdinand I, ni 122; be-
comes Grand Vezir (1665), 125, 128, 130-3,
136-9; death of, 139
Sokolowski, Archbishop of Lemberg. See
Lemberg
Sokoto, xn 659; explorers at, 807
Solano, Jos6, Spanish admiral, n 377; 453
Solari, Pietro Antonio, Milanese architect,
V 482
*' Solemn League and Covenant," it 506
Solferino, battle of (1796), vm 575, xi 383
sq., 403, XII 176
Solignac, Jean-Baptiste, French general, at
Oporto, X 331 sq. ; 488
Solimoes river, Jesuits on, vi 390
Solingen, Clauberg bom at, iv 789
Solis, Juan Diaz de, reaches the Plate River
(1515), I 36
Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, Pius VH's
Bull, X 6
Sollogub, Count Vladimir, xi 625
Solms, Count Albert von, at Prague, it 24
Amalia von. See Orange
Count Emest of, m 628
Count Philip Reinhard of, envoy
of Gustavus at the Saxon Court, rv 213
Count Victor Friedrich of, Prassian
diplomat, vi 732
Solms -Braunf els, Count Heinrich Maast-
richt of, V 315
Solomon Islands, xn 666; Germany and,
667; 668
Solothum, and Neuchatel, v 449; canton
of, VI 612; 625; xi 234; government of,
235; reaction in, 238; 240; joins Siebner-
konkordat, 24,2 \ 246
Solovetski monastery, v 509, 511
Solovieff, Sergyei Mikhailovich, Russian
historian, xn 842
Solovy^ff, A., attempts to shoot Tsar
Alexander II, xn 306
Soltikoff, Nicolai Ivanovitch, Prince, x 8
Count Peter, Russian commander-
in-chief, VI 291 sqq.; 297; 323; at
Kunersdorf, 324; 325; superseded, 326
Solway Moss, battle of (1542), n 456
Solyman, Sulayman, Suleiman. See
Suleyman
Somaglia, Giulio Maria della. Cardinal,
X 139; 152
Somaliland, xn 3; 241; Indian troops in,
493; 659 sq. ; division of, 664; explora-
tion in, 813
Somers, Sir George, in Virginia, vn 5
■ Henry, American statesman, vn 234
John, Lord, and Revolution settle-
ment, V 249 sq.; 253; 255; and currency,
269; 271; Lord Keeper, 274; impeach-
ment of, 275, 397; 277; Lord President
of Council, 465; 466 sq. ; 469; Earl of
Oxford and, 470, 474
General Index,
581
Somerset, "Bloody Assizes" in, v 232
Anne Stanhope, Duchess of, liberated
by Mary, n 521
Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of, v
476
Lord Charles, Governor of Cape
Colony, XI 780
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford
and Duke of, ii 82; invades Scotland,
459 sq. ; 474; becomes Protector, 476;
character of, 476 sq.; foreign policy
of, 486 sq.; agrarian policy of, 489-92;
negotiation of, with Charles V, 493 ; plots
against, 494; fall of, 495 sq.; release of,
504; alleged plot of, 505; trial and death
of, 506 sq. ; Scottish policy of, 556 ; m 262
Lord Fitzroy. See Eaglan, Ist Lord
Frances (Countess of Essex), Countess
of, m 559-60
Eobert Carr, Earl of, m 559; Lord
Chamberlain, 660 sq., 566
Lord Eobert Edward Henry, with
Horse Guards at Waterloo, ix 635
Somerville College, Oxford, xii 762
Sominario delta Santa Scrittura, n 386
Sommariva, Giovanni Battista, and Cis-
alpine Eepublic, ix 84
Somnath, the (spurious) gates of, xi 735
Somosierra, Pass of, forced by Napoleon
(1808), IX 444
Son of the Fatherland, Eussian journal,
xn 347
Sonderhund, The Swiss, xi 237; 248 sqq.
Sondrio, capital of the Terzero di Sotto,
IV 35 ; 37 ; 39 ; 41 ; Eusca archpriest of,
49; 58; Eohan at, 63
Sonino (Sonnino), a stronghold of robbers,
X 139
Sonnenfels, Joseph von, vi 635; vin 776
Sonnenstein, fortress of, v 594
Sonnino, Baron Sidney, Italian statesman,
xn 221 ; Ministry of, 227 sq. ; 232 ; 238
Sonora, Joseph de Galvez, Marquis de,
Spanish general, vi 382
Sonoy, Stadholder of West Friesland (the
North Quarter), in 621-3
Sontai, taken by French, xn 525
Soochow, opened to trade, xn 512
Sophia, Tsarevna, Eegent of Eussia, v 518
sqq.; and conspiracy against Peter the
Great, 522; 523; 525
Tsaritsa (Zoe , daughter of Constantino
Palaiologus), v 482 sq.
Archduchess of Austria, xi 154 ; 171 ;
and Camarilla, 175, 182; 190; 398; and
Alexander Bach, 401
Electress of Hanover. See Hanover
Queen of the Netherlands, consort
of William HI, xn 244
Charlotte, Queen of Prussia (Elec-
tress of Brandenburg), 2nd consort of
Frederick I, v 662 sq. ; 665 ; 670 sq. ; death
of, 667; 741; vi 2; 8; 205
Dorothea, wife of George I, King of
England, vi 3
Sophia, Dorothea, Queen of Prussia, consort
of Frederick William I, vi 2 sq. ; 210
Magdalena, Queen of Denmark, con-
sort of Christian VI, vi 738 sq.
Magdalena, Queen of Sweden, consort
of Gustavus in, VI 741
Sopoto, ceded to Turks, in 137
Soranzo, Giacomo, Venetian ambassador
in England, n 513, 529, 544
Vittorio. See Bergamo, Bishop of
Sorbonne, The, condemns Luther's writings,
n 283; attacks Calvin's Institutio, 288;
issues Index Expurgatorius, 288; m 46,
447, 657; submits to Henry IV, 663; v
78; Turgot at, vm 83
Sorel, Albert, French historian, xn 833 sq.
Soriano, Antonio, n 26
Sosnofski, Colonel, in Central Asia, xn 799,
802 sq.
Sostegno, AljSeri di. See Alfieri
Sotin de la Coindidre, Pierre-J.-M., Minister
of Police, vm 508
Soto, Hernan de. Governor of Cuba, expe-
dition to Florida of, i 54
Juan de, secretary of Don John of
Austria, m 497
Fray Pedro de (confessor of Charles V) ,
n 250; 402, 526; Professor of Hebrew
at Oxford, 541
Sotomayor, Duke of, Spanish statesman,
XI 555
Soubirous, Bernadette, of Lourdes, xi 714
Soubise, Benjamin de Eohan, Seigneur de,
IV 127 sq.; defeated off La Eochelle,
130
Charles de Eohan, Prince de. Mar-
shal of France, vi 263 sqq.; 269 sqq.;
at Eossbach, 272, 341; 274; 426
Michelle de Saubonne, Madame de,
n 384
Souches, Ludwig Eaduit de, Austrian field-
marshal, V 347
Souham, Comte Joseph, French general,
vm 435; succeeds Clausel in command,
EC 474; combines with Soult, 475; at
Versailles, 558
Soulier, French officer, ix 144
Soult, Nicolas- Jean-de-Dieu, Due de Dal-
matia. Marshal of France, vm 661; ix
58 ; receives Dalmatia, 111 ; 252 ; crosses
Ehine, 253; invests Ulm, 254; 257, 260;
at Baireuth, 274; pursues Hohenlohe,
277; pursues Bliicher, 280; 284; guards
Warsaw, 285; at Allenstein, 285; at
Eylau, 286; 335; sent to Leon, 444;
on the Carrion river, 445; pursues
Moore, 447; and French invasion of
Portugal, 449 sqq. ; marches on Plasencia,
453; 456; besieges Cadiz, 457-8; takes
Badajoz, 462 sqq. ; 466 ; at Albuera, 467 ;
at Badajoz , 468 ; unable to quit Andalusia,
469; Napoleon's directions to, 471; in
Andalusia, 473; his force at Valencia,
474; summoned to Germany, 475; sent
to reorganise army in Spain, 478 ; resumes
682
General Index.
offensive, 479; repulsed at San Marcial,
480; foiled at Saint Pierre, 481; retreat
of, 482 ; Minister of War, 571 ; dismissed,
574; and Belgian campaign, 625, 634;
Ministry of, x 489; 494, 510 sqq. ; and
Algiers, 503; and Turko-Egyptian Ques-
tion, 562, 565; 570
Soumet, Alexandre, x 88
Sound Dues, The, Swedish exemption from,
VI 37 ; abolished, xi 687 ; 693
Soupire, de, French commander in southern
India, vi 547
Sourdis, Charles d'Escoubleau, Marquis de,
commands reserve force at Langres, iv
251
Henri d'Escoubleau de. See Bor-
deaux, Archbishop of
Sousa, Francisco de, Portuguese ambassador
at the Hague, rv^ 401
Martim Affonso de, Viceroy of Portu-
guese India, i 49
Sousa Coutinho, Francisco de, Portuguese
diplomat, vi 375
South African Kepublic, xn 245
Southampton, Spanish vessels at, in 493;
Treaty of (1625), iv 262, 739; and South
America, xii 684
Henry Wriothesley , 3rd Earl of, m
572; and the London Company, vii 6
Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of
(2nd cr.), n 475 sq., 488; plots against
Somerset, 494 sq. ; Warwick and, 497 sq.
Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of, v
93; 106
William Fitzwilliam, Earl of (1st
cr.). Lord High Admiral of England, n
472
South Beveland, General Hope takes island
of (1809), IX 358
"South Carolina Exposition," The, vn 380
Southesk, James Carnegie, 5th Earl of, vr
98; 103
Southey, Eobert, writings of, vi 832, 836,
X 708 sq., 720; undergraduate at Oxford,
VIII 764, 766 sqq.; and child labour
question, x 659 ; career of, 708 sq. ; 722
South Island, New Zealand, xi 795 sq. ; 799
Southland, province of, xi 799
South Pole, expeditions to the, xn 815
Sea Company (British), v 445; vi 39;
41; 45; 61; Spain and, 64 sqq.; 146;
151; 157; origin and history of, 177 sqq.;
363 ; 530 ; and the slave trade, x 260
Sea Company (Swedish), iv 759
Seas, German trade in, xn 160
Southwark, Jacobite trials at, vi 117
Southwell, Wolsey at, n 434; Charles I at,
IV 339, 507
Sir Eichard, ii 497
Sir Robert, English envoy in Portu-
gal, V 105, 109
Lady, in 361
Southwold Bay, English victory at (battle
of Lowestoft, 1665), v 110, 181; Dutch
victory at (1672), 43, 158, 192 sq.
Soutzo, Alexander, Greek poet, xi 278
Sovana, annexed by Cosimo de' Medici, m
386
Soyejima, Japanese Foreign Minister, xii
657
Sozh river, Lithuanian boundary, v 481
Sozzini, Fausto (Socinus), in Transylvania,
n 393 ; founder of Unitarians in Transyl-
vania, 637 sq. ; m 80, 390
Lelio (Socinus), Italian Keformer, n
393, 637, 716; in 390
Spa, death of Parma at, ni 627
Fields riot (1816), x 577 sq.
Spada, Bernardino, Cardinal, rv 686
Spaen, Baron van, Dutch plenipotentiary at
Congress of Vienna, ix 586
Spaight, Richard D., deputy for North
Carolina at the Constitutional Convention
(1787), vn 246
Spain
I i The Age of Discovery, passim,
7-36
ii The New World, passim, 37-66
xi The Catholic Kings, 347-83
[See also xv. Economic change,
especially 518 sqq., xviii,
Catholic Europe, and xix.
The Eve of the Reformation,
passim]
Habsburg and Valois (I) , passim ,
36-65
Habsburg and Valois {IT}, pas-
sim, 66-103
The Catholic South, especially
399-411
The Church and Reform, pas-
sim, 639-89
The Revolt of the Netherlands,
passim, 182-220
William the Silent, passim,
221-59
The Elizabethan Naval War
with Spain, passim, 294-327
Spain under Philip II, 475-525
Spain under Philip III, 526-47
Britain under James I, passim,
549-78
The Valtelline (1603-39), pas-
sim, 35-63
The Protestant Collapse, (1) the
Palatinate War (1620-3), 77
sqq.
Richelieu, passim, 118-57
The Peace of Westphalia, pas-
sim, 395-433
Mazarin, passim, 592-622
Spain and Spanish Italy under
Philip III and IV, 623-65
Papal policy (1590-1648), pas-
sim, 666-88
The transference of Colonial
Power to the United Provinces
and England, passim, 728-59
The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-97), passim, 32-63
u
xn
xvni
vn
XV
xvi
xvii
ii
m
iv
xiv
XXI
xxii
I
General Index.
683
Spain {contd.)
V xiii The Treaties of Partition and
the Spanish Succession, 372-
400
xiv The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession, 401-59
xxii The Colonies and India (I) , pas-
sim, 673-94
VI iv The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, I (1714-
26), 120-44
V The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, II (1727-
46), 145-67
vi Financial experiments and Co-
lonial development, passim,
.168-90
viii The War of the Austrian Suc-
cession, passim, 201-50
xi The reversal of alliances and
the Family Compact, 329-60
xii Spain and Portugal (1746-94)
(1) Spain under Ferdinand VI
and Charles III, 361-84
xvi Italy and the Papacy, passim,
586-610
vn ix The struggle [of the United
States] for commercial inde-
pendence (1783-1812), 305-34
xi The growth of the nation
[United States] (1815-28),
passim, 349-77
xxi The United States as a World-
Power (1885-1902), 674-86
DC viii The command of the sea (1803-
15), passim, 208-43
XV The Peninsular War (1808-14),
428-82
xix The Congress of Vienna, I
(1814-5), passim, 576-615
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II
(1815), passim, 646-71
X v The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, passim, 131-68
vii Spain (1815-45), 205-43
viii The Spanish Dominions in
America, 244-79
ix The establishment of indepen-
dence in Spanish America,
280-309
xxiii Economic Change, passim, 727-
62
XI XX The course of revolution in
Spain and Portugal (1845-71),
550-75
XXV Eome and the Vatican Council,
passim, 703-23
xn X The Iberian Peninsula, 257-69
XX The European Colonies, passim^
607-71
xxi The Kepublics of Latin America,
passim, 672-702
Spalatinus. See Burkhardt, George, of Spelt
Spandau, secured by Gustavus, iv 201, 203;
surrender of (1806), ix 278; 514
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb, Moravian
Bishop, V 762
Spanheim, Ezechiel, Brandenburg ambassa-
dor at Paris, v 654
Spanish America, Spanish Colonies. See
America, Spanish
"Spanish Fury, The," at Antwerp (1576),
m 246
Spanish Netherlands. See Netherlands,
Spanish
Succession. See Spain, and especially
Vol. V, Chaps. XIII and xiv
Spark (Ishra), Bussian journal, xn 331
sq.
Sparre, Aage. See Lund, Archbishops of
Erik, Swedish noble, iv 165; consti-
tution drawn up by, 167; 168 sq.; flight
and execution of, 172 sq.
Ernest George, Imperialist general,
at Niirnberg, iv 218; Saxony and, 225
Baron, Swedish Minister in Paris,
VI 104
Sparta, excavation in, xn 845
Spaventa, Silvio, Neapolitan politician, xi
379
Speckbacher, Tyrolese leader, ix 355
Specx, Jacob, Dutch Governor-General of
the Indies, iv 711
Spee, Friedrich von, Jesuit, iv 425; v 758
Speenhamland, meeting of Berkshire justices
at, IX 691
Speier, Congress of Cities at (1523), n 153;
Council of (1524), 173; Diet of (1526),
196; recess of tnis Diet, t6., 203 sq.;
Diet of (1529), 61, 203 sq., 206, 330;
(1542), 242; (1544), 77, 244, 661; secret
understanding of Lutheran princes at
(1529), 204, 206; Diet of (1570), m 173,
177; Deputationstag at, 718; under
French protection, iv 597; bishopric of,
407 ; V 56 ; occupied by the French, 435 ;
captured (1792), vra 299, 413; evacuated
(1793), 415; Soult crosses the Rhine at,
IX 253 ; Baden and the bishopric of, x 361
George von Schwalbaeh, Bishop of,
I 573
Philip Christopher, Bishop of. See
Trier
:e, John Hanning, in Africa, xii 439;
Spence, James, Confederate foreign agent,
vn 611
Thomas, viii 761 ; The End of Op-
pression, 769; X 684; 576
Spencer, George John Spencer, 2nd Earl,
VI 478; and the Whig party, ix 673;
accepts Privy Seal, 674; Secretary for
Home Department, 685; 698-9
Herbert, vi 821 ; xn 300 ; 772 sq. ;
776
John Charles (Viscount Althorp),
3rd Earl, x 593; 603; and the Reform
Bills, 609 sqq. ; 614 ; 655 ; 657 ; emanci-
pates the Crown slaves, 659; and the
Factory Act, 660; and the house-tax, »&.;
584
General iTidex.
and the Poor Law, 662; resigns, 663 sq.;
takes office in the Melbourne Ministry,
664; succeeds to the earldom, 665; and
municipal reform, 670; 673; 676 sqq. ;•
3tl 3
Spencer, J. Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl, Lord-'
Lieutenant of L*eland, xn 40; 43; 81 sq.
Governor of Bengal, vi 558
Spencer's Gulf, settlement of, xi 792
Spener, Philipp Jacob, founder of th^
Pietists, V 671; 759 sq.; 762; vi 226;
XI 710
Speng, Jakob, n 403 sq.
Spengler (German Eeformer), n 138
Sir James, at Stockholm, iv 89 sq.
, Edmund, m 299, 366, 370, 600;
VI 829 sq.
Speranski, Count Michael, Eussian states-
man, character of, ix 484; fall of, 487;
Secretary of State, x 413 ; 417 ; 419 ; and
Eussian serfdom, 427 ; and the December
rising, 441; 443; xi 264
Speratus, Paul, Eeformer, n 160
Sperlette, John, Professor at Halle, iv 791
Speroni, Sperone, m 466; Ganace, 467,
472
Spes, Gerau de, m 492-3
Speult, van, Dutch Governor of Amboina,
the "massacre" and, rv 739
Speyerbach, French victory at (1703), v 408
Speziale, Pietro, of Cittadella, De Gratia
Dei, n 380; 394
Spezzia, island stronghold of, x 196
Sphakianakes, Dr, in Crete, xn 423
Spicheren, battle of, xi 586 sq., 589
Spiegel, Lorenz Pieter van de, Grand Pen-
sionary of Holland, viii 288
Spieghel, Hendrik Laurenszoon, iv 718
Spielberg, castle of, x 118; 127, xi 75
Spielhagen, Friedrich, German novelist, xi
417; 419 sq.
Spielmann, Baron Anton, Austrian envoy to
Prussia, viii 333, 536
Spiera, Francesco, Italian Eeformer, n 394'
sq.
Spiibergen, George van, voyages of, iv 713
Spina, Cardinal, Archbishop of Corinth,,
Papal diplomatist, ix 181-3 ; 195, 198 ; at
Laibach and Verona, x 150
Spinalonga, retained by Venice, v 349;:
French occupation of, xn 423
Spinola, Ambrogio de, Marquis of, succeeds-
to the Marquisate, m 535, 537, 539, 569,
636-8, 640, 643, 655, 722, 733; iv 3; 32;
^6 sq.; recalled to Low Countries, 78;
81; captures Breda, 88, 642, 691, 698;
105; in Milan, 136, 679; and Palatinate,
34, 641, 673; death of, 138, 644
Federigo, Marquis of, killed at sea,
m 535
■ Papal Legate in Eomagna (1838-43),,
X 156
Spinoza, Baruch {called also Benedict), n
691, 708 sq. ; iv 722 ; 789 ; v 744; 754 sq.
Spion Kop, British forces at, xn 642
Spirid6nova, assassinates Luzhenovsky, xn
363
Spiring family, Great Elector and the,
V 641
Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius Loyola's, n
657 sq.
Spithead, French fleet at, v 177 ; mutiny at
(1797), vm 476 sqq.
Spittler, Baron Ludwig Timotheus von,
German historian, xn 817; 846
Spitzbergen, fishery disputes at, in 644;
discovery of, xn 795
Spizza, fortress of, xn 387; 390; 392;
ceded to Austria, 396 sq. ; 428
Spoleto, Mastai-Ferretti (Pius IX) at, xi
72
Sponneck, Count Wilhelm Karl Eppingen
von, Danish Minister of Finance, xi 225
Sporades, The, acquired by Venice, i 255
Sporck, Johann, Count von. Bavarian
officer, rv 391
Spotswood, Alexander, Lieutenant-Governor
of Virginia, vii 10
Spotsylvania, battle of (1864), vn 517 sq.
Spottiswoode, John, Archbishop of St
Andrews, iv487; 489; Lord Chancellor,
493; flight of, to England, 497; Charles I
and, 503, 512
Sir Eobert, iv 501
Spragg, Sir Edward, Admiral, v 189; 192
sq. ; and Prince Eupert, 194, 197; 195 sq.
Sprat, Thomas, Bishop of Eochester, v 126;
132 sq. ; 234
Spree district, acquired by Brandenburg,
V 620
Spremberg, Hadik's troops near, vi 292
Sprenger, Jacob, Malleus Malejicarum, i
642
Sprengporten, Eussian general (1800), ix 42
Sprengtporten, Baron Jakob Magnus,
Colonel of the Nyland Dragoons (1772),
VI 770
Spring Hill, battle at (1864), vn 524
Springfield (Illinois), growth of, vn 444;
Lincoln buried at, 546
. jMass.), battle at (1787), vn 313
(Missouri), Lyon at, vn 460
Spuj, acquired by Montenegro, xn 396
SpuUer, Eugene, French poUtician, xii 119
Spynie, Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Baron, at
Stralsund, iv 107
•'Squatter sovereignty," vn 427 sq., 430
Squillaci, Marquis of, Spanish statesman,
VI 367; 370 sq.
Staaff, K., Swedish statesman, xn 278
Stackelberg, Count Ernest, Eussian chief of
Finance Ministry (1857), xi 618
Count, Eussian Minister at Stock-
holm, IX 38; at Vienna, 586
Eussian general, in Eusso- Japanese
War, XII 587 sqq., 593
Stade, English Merchant Adventurers at,
IV 8; captured by Danes (1712), v 582,
607; Danish occupation of, vi 23; 24;
263; 266; 272
General Index.
685
Stadion, Count Francis von, Austrian states-
man, XI 156; 171; and Galicia, 174, 178;
187; Minister of Interior, 190, 398; re-
tirement of, 216; 403
Johann Kaspar, Baron von, iv 238
Johann Philipp Karl Joseph, Count
von, IX 259; replaces Cobenzl, 262; policy
of, 288; advice of, 316; 341-3, 359;
retirement of, 360
Stadt en Landen, ni 627
Stadtlohn, battle of (1623), iv 86, 91
Stafa, agitation at, vi 625
Stagemann, Friedrich August, Prussian
statesman, at Congress of Vienna, ix 585
Stael, Madame de. See Stael-Holstein
Stael [-Holstein], Anne-Louise-Germaine n€e
Necker, Baroness of, vi 836; vin 220,
507; IX 21 sqq. ; 130-2; society assembled
by, 427; and Constitutionalists, 569;
571, 575; x40; 41; 52; 53; 100; 102;
DerAllemagne, 401; 514; xi507; 519
Baron Eric Magnus de, Swedish
ambassador in Paris, vni 789
Stampfli, Jakob, Swiss politician, xi 256
Stafford, Cumberland's army at, vi 114;
496
Edward, m 34
Sir Edward William, in New Zealand,
XI 799
• Granville Leveson-Gower , 1st Marquis
of (2nd Earl Gower), vi 424; President of
Council, 439, 468; 450; 457; 464; and
Pitt Administration, 467
George Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd
Marquis of (3rd Earl Gower), recalled
from Paris, vi 477
Thomas, rebellion of, against Mary,
n 546
William Howard, Viscount, v 220;
execution of, 227; 231
Staffordshire, condition of miners in, xi 1
Stagefiihr, Dr, Cologne Beformer, n 613
Stahl, Friedrich Julius, Prussian Conserva-
tive leader, xi 223 ; 395 sqq. ; xn 826
George Ernest, physician, v 732;
734; XII 768
Stair, Sir James Dalrymple, Viscount,
President of Court of Session, v 287
Sir John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of,
Lord Advocate, v 292 ; 294 sq.
John Dahymple, 2nd Earl of, vi 38;
70; 237
Stakh6vich, Kussian politician, xn 365 sq.
Stalarm, General, in Finland, iv 172; 174
Stalluponen, Kussians at, vi 264
Stalmann, agent of Christian William of
Brandenburg, in Magdeburg, rv 195
Stambul, vi 305 ; peace negotiations at, 308
Stambuloff, Stepan, Bulgarian Minister, xn
342; 406; 409 sqq.
Stamp Act, the American impost, of 1765,
VI 433 sqq., vn 148 sqq., 159 sq., 184
sqq., 194, 204 sq.
Acts, English, proposal to reduce
(1834-5), X 673
Stampalia, surrendered by Venice to the
Turks, in 116
Stancari, Francisco, leader of the Polish
Unitarians, n 637
Stanczyki, in Galicia, xn 337
Standen, Anthony, m 18
Standish, Henry, Bishop of St Asaph, n
431
Stang, Emil, Norwegian statesman, xii
285 sq.
St&ngebro, Sigismund defeated at (1598),
IV 172
Stanhope, Alexander, English envoy to
Madrid, v 374 sq. ; 380 ; 384
Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl (Viscount
Mahon), vi 467
Charles, and the South Sea Company,
VI 41, 181
Lady Hester L., ix 685
James, 1st Earl Stanhope, in Spain,
v 376; captures Minorca, 426, 444; 466;
VI 13 ; 21 ; Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs, 22; mission of, to Vienna, 23;
26 sq.; 29 sq.; and Quadruple Alliance,
31; 35; and Spain, 33, 38 sq.; 41; 104;
207
Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl,
xn 840
William. See Harrington, Earl of
Stanislaus (I) Leszczynski, King of Poland,
v693; 595 sqq.; and Mazepa, 600; 601;
603; 605; recognised by Great Britain,
608 ; recognised by Prussia, 667 ; vi 143 ;
152; 155 sq.; 192; and Polish Succession,
193 sqq.; re-elected King, 195; abdicates,
197; at Nancy, 199; 303; 310
(H) Augustus Poniatowski, King of
Poland, VI 200; 354; 628; election of,
666 sq.; 671; 729 sq.; 765; vm 308,
Chap, xvn passim; ix 36
Stankar, Francis, ni 80
Stanley Pool, explorer at, xn 812
Arthur Penrhyn , Dean of Westminster,
xn 774
Hans, British envoy at Paris, vi 343;
345; 418; 420
Sir Henry Morton, xn 159; 167;
256; 658; finds Livingstone, 809; 810
sqq.
Owen, Captain, at Banks' Peninsula,
XI 793
Sir William, assists Warbeck and is
executed, i 468 sq.
Sir William, adventurer, m 622
See Derby, Earls of
Stanton, Edwin McMasters, American Secre-
tary of War, vn 472, 572, 624, 630, 653
Stanyhurst, Richard, m 369
Stanz, Swiss defeated at (1798), vm 640 sq.
Stanza della Segnatura, wall-paintings of
Eaffaelle in the, n 14
Staphylus (Stapellage), of Osnabriick, m
161
Stapleton, Colonel, Governor of the Lee-
ward Islands, v 690
686
General Index,
Staps, Friedrich, attempts to assassinate
Napoleon, ix 139
Star Chamber, Court of, i 465; under
Elizabeth, ni 292, 342 sqq.; under James I,
561, 567, 571; and Laud, iv 278 sqq.;
abolished, 291 ; suggested revival of, v 98
Stara Serbia, Austria and, xn 396
Zagora, Russian defeat at, xn 388
Stargard, taken by Gustavus Adolphus (1630) ,
IV 196; Wittgenstein at (1813), ix 511
Starhemberg, Count George Adam, vi 140 ;
Imperial ambassador at Paris, 252, 254,
335; and Treaty of Versailles, 337 sqq.;
341 sq. ; 400
Count Guidobald von, Austrian field-
marshal, V 408; in Spain, 426, 428; 434;
435; 446
Gundacker, Austrian Minister of
Finance, vi 204
Prince Ludwig Joseph Max, Austrian
envoy, in Antwerp, vin 429; in London,
643; recalled (1808), ix 309; returns
(1809), 344, 357
Count Eiidiger, Governor of Vienna,
V 361
Staring, Antoni, Dutch writer, xi 676
Stark, John, guerrilla leader, vii 127
Starke, John, American general, vn 215
Starkey, Thomas, on agrarian reform, ii 490
Stary-Borissoff, Partouneaux at, ix 603
Stasyul^vich, Russian journalist, xn 298
Staszic, Stanislas, x 432; 449
Xavier Stanislas, Polish writer, vi 671
States of the Church. See Rome and Le-
gations
General, of France, at Tours (1484),
I 399; at Orleans (1439), 411, (1561), n
674; at Blois (1576), ni 31, 44-5; at
Paris (1593), 52; meeting of 1614, iv 120
sq.; of 1789, vni 66, 87; meeting of,
demanded by Parlement, 73, 97, 106;
108, 110, 113; meeting of, summoned,
114 sqq. ; elections to, 118, Chap, v, 119-
44; meeting of (1789), Chap, vi, 145 sqq.;
Third Estate of, becomes the National
Assembly, 153 ; finance of, 689 sqq. See
National Assembly
The, of the Netherlands, n 74,
102
Statius, Achilles (Achilla Estapo), Portu-
guese scholar, i 578
Stauffenberg, Franz von. Liberal leader in
Germany, xn 146
Staunton, Federal advance on, vn 630;
Sheridan at, 537
Francis, French officer, repulses the
Peshwa's army, xi 726
Staupitz, Johann von, i 460; Luther and,
682; works of, 683; Vicar-General of
Augustinians, n 115-8, 168
Stavuchanak, battle of, vi 307 sq.
Stayner, Sir Richard, Admiral, destroys
Spanish Plate fleet, iv 484, 660; v 372
Stazio, lays foundation for Bibliotheca
Vallicelliana, ni 444
Steczyc, Diet of, ni 91-2
Steelboy rising in Ireland, vi 491
Steele, Sir Richard, v 128; 467; 474
Thomas, x 227
Steen, Johannes Vilhelm Christian, Nor-
wegian statesman, xn 285 sq.
Steenwyk, siege of (1592), ni 626
Stefan6vich, Russian revolutionary, xn 307
Steffens, Henry, philosopher, vm 788; pro-
fessor of physics at Breslau, ix 327-8;
philosophy of, xi 697 sq.
Stegeborg, Sigismund victorious at (1598),
IV 172
Steigentesch, Baron, ix 352
Steiger, Jakob Robert, Swiss statesman,
XI 247
Stein, Albrecht von, of Bern, n 315
Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Freiherr
vom und zum, Prussian statesman, vi
728; vm 773; ix 272; 282; intercepted
letter of, 317; 328; life of, 329-35;
favours Austrian alliance, 344; adviser of
the Tsar, 613; schemes of, for Germany,
580; at Congress of Vienna, 586-8, 592,
598, 601, 609 sqq., 653; x 135; and
German unity, 340, 345; 348 sqq.; retire-
ment of, 352; excluded from Nassau
Diet, 362; 365; 370; xii 820; 823
Heynlin von, opponent of Lutheran
reforms, n 168
Marc Aurel, in Central Asia, xn 803
Steinau, Prussian force at, vi 230
Steiner, Jakob, mathematician, xi 260
Steinheil, Baron Thaddaeus, Governor-
General of Finland, x 435
Steinkirke, battle of (1692), v 60, 261,
263
Steinmetz, Karl Friedrich von, Prussian
general, xi 580; 585 sq. ; at Spicheren,
587; at Gravelotte, 593 sq.; 606
Steinsiedel, fighting at (1813), ix 517
Steinwich, burgomaster of Stralsund, rv 106
Stellaland, established by Boers, xn 638
Stellenbosch, surrender of district of, ix
749; XI 778
Stelvio Pass, xi 243
Stenay, iv 612 sq. ; Cond^ and, 615, 619;
ceded to France, v 33 ; German occupation
of, XI 596 sq.
Stenbock, Count Magnus, Swedish general,
V 581 sq.; 603; 608 sq.
Stendhal. See Beyle, Marie-Henri
Stensen, Nicolaus, v 729; 731 sqq.; 738 sqq.
Stenzel, Gustav Adolf H., German his-
torian, xn 824
Stephen, Archduke of Austria, Palatine of
Hungary, xi 155; 181 sqq.
(the Great), Prince of Moldavia, and
the Turks, i 83 sq.
B^thory, Prince of Transylvania,
King of Poland, encouragement of Soci-
nians by, ii 638; ni 91, 94; election
and reign of, 97-103, 170; 180; and
the Pope, 450; death of, 698; iv 167;
v 344: 494: 498; 504
General Index,
68r
Stephen Bocskai, King of Hungary and
Voivod of Transylvania, in 700; x 421
Cmoievic. See Cmoievio
Dushan, Tsar of Servia, xn 401
Thomas, King of Bosnia, i 71 sqq.
Tomasevic, King of Bosnia, i 72 sq.
Stephen, James, Master in Chancery, and
the abolition of slavery, x 659
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, Confederate
Vice-President, vii 522, 536, 576, 581,
603 sq . ; opposes Confederate policy , 608 sq .
James, Fenian leader, xi 343
Joseph Eayner, x 659; 682 sq.
Stephenson, Eobert, engineer, in Egypt, xn
430
Stepney, George, envoy to Brandenburg,
V 662; VI 8
Stepniak, Sergius. See Kravchinsky
Sterbini, Pietro, Boman revolutionary, xi
91; 93
Stembald, Franz, x 403
Stemhold, Thomas, composes metrical ver-
sion of the Psalms, n 482
Steterburg, battle at (1553), n 275
Stettin, Peace of (1570), iv 166 ; and Sweden,
194, 196, 199, 203, 404, 427, 432; and
Brandenburg, 430; restored to Sweden,
V 45, 652; siege of (1676-7), 569 sq.,
652 ; the ' • sequestration "of, 609 ; 610 sq. ;
VI 24; 36; 39; acquired by Prussia,
206 sq., 209, v 615; vi 218; 266; 298;
shipbuilding at, 718; Hohenlohe retreats
to, IX 277; capitulation of (1806), 279;
negotiations concerning, 318; 514
Steuart, Sir James, Principles of Political
Oeconomy, x 770
Steudner, Hermann, African explorer, xn
811
Stevens, Alfred, nc 416
Thaddeus, American statesman, yn
624 sq., 628, 653
Thomas, English Jesuit, it 729
Stevenson, William, iii 372
Stevinus, Simon, mathematician, y 709 sq. ;
712
Stewart, Alexander, Earl of Moray. Set
Moray
Lady Arabella, in 358, 534
Archibald, Provost of Edinburgh, vi
112 sq.
Charles Edward, the Young Pretender.
See Charles Edward
Charles William (Vane), Lord. See
Londonderry, 3rd Marquess of
Sir Donald Martin, Field-Marshal, in
Afghanistan, xii 470 sq.; 475
Dugald, vm 770
Esme, Lord of Aubigny, Duke of
Lennox. See Lennox
Henry. See Methven
Henry Benedict, second son of the
Chevalier St George, Cardinal of York,
VI 113; 117; x 132
Sir Herbert, General, and the Gordon
relief expedition, xn 442 sq.
Stewart, James (Prince of Wales), the Old
Pretender. See James Francis Edward
James, Earl of Arran. See Arran
Lord James. See Moray, Earl of
John, Jacobite, vi 109
Colonel 0. H., in Egypt, xn 440 sq. ;
murder of, 442
Sir Robert, defeats O'Neill, iv 526
William, Viscount Mount joy. See
Mount joy
of Ardshiel, vi 111 sq.
Steyer, armistice at (1800), ix 68
Stiemhielm, George, Swedish man of
science, rv 575
Stiemh66k, Swedish man of science, rv
575
Stillingfleet, Edward, Bishop of Worcester,
V 749
Stirbey, Barbe, Hospodar of Wallachia, xi
284; 643
Stirling, and English Liturgy, iv 497; vi
92; Jacobite advance on, 99 sq. ; 102;
Gardiner's Horse at, 112; 115
■ Sir James, Captain, Governor of
Western Australia, xi 791
Sir William Alexander, Earl of, poet,
grant of Nova Scotia to, vii 75, 110 sqq.
Stirlingshire, Jacobitism in, vi 93
Stith, William, vii 60
Stoakes, Captain John, iv 485
Stockach, battle of (1799), vin 655 sq.;
engagement at (1800), rx 58
Stockdale, John Joseph, publisher, x 680
Stockhausen, August Wilhelm Ernst von,
Prussian Minister of War, xi 229
Stockholm, marriage of Gustavus Adolphus
at, IV 68; 89; 161; Estates at (1563),
162; 164 sq.; Diet at (1582), 167; 170
sq. ; and Charles IX, 172, 174 sq. ;
Christian IV at, 179 ; 195 ; 209 ; Descartes
dies at, 779 ; 787 ; bank of, v 268 ; 566 ;
Estates at (1680), 573; Diet at (1682),
576; Riksdag at, 585; Patkul at, 586;
591 ; VI 36 ; Hat party at, 308 ; Prince
Henry of Prussia at, 668 ; 740 ; 760 sq.;
765 sq.; conspiracy at, 771 ; 775 ; 778 sq.;
780 ; Gustavus III assassinated at, 784 ;
Golovkin sent to, ix 36 ; Reuterholm re-
turns to, 37 ; Stackelberg at, 38 ; Gus-
tavus IV at, 322-4 ; agitation in, xi 684 ;
685 ; University of, xn 280
Truce of (1641), v 641; Treaty of
(1719), 614 sq., vi 106, (1720), v614sq.,
(1724), 542 ^'
Stockholms Blodhad (1520), n 604
Stockmar, Christian Friedrich von, Baron,
and Queen Victoria, x 674 sq. ; xi 160 ;
166; Frederick William IV and, 191-
192 '
Stockton,
395 sq.
Stoczek, fight at (1831), x 469
Stoddart, Charles, in Afghanistan, xn 800 ;
801
Stocker, German Court-Preacher, xn 156
Eobert Field, in California, vn
588
General Index.
Stoessel, Bussian general, in the Busso-
Japanese War, xn 583; 585 sq.; 689;
surrenders Port Arthur, 595 sq.
Stofiiet, Nicolas, Vendean leader, vm 266,
355, 382; executed, 395
StoianoS, Unionist leader in Eastern Ba-
melia, xn 406
Stoiloff, Bulgarian Minister, xn 411
Stokes, Sir George Gabriel, xn 782
Stokesley, John, Bishop of London, n 433
Stoke-upon-Trent, battle of (1487), i 466 sq.
Stolberg, Count Anton, xi 51
Count Friedrich L. von, German
poet, vni 773 sq.; 776; x 160
Juliana von, m 190
Stolbova, Peace of (1617), iv 181 sq., v 503,
610
Stoletoff, General, Bussian envoy to Kabul,
xn 469 sq.
Stolhofen, Lewis of Baden at, v 407 sq.;
taken by the French, 418
Stolpen, camp of, vi 288; 289
Stolypin, Peter, Bussian Minister of the
Interior, xn 366 sq. ; Prime Minister,
368; policy of, 369 sqq. ; and the third
Duma, 375 sq.; 377
Stommelin, Christine de, correspondence
of, I 626
Stone, Andrew, Under-Secretary of State,
VI 488
George, Archbishop of Armagh
(brother of above), vi 488 sq.
William, Governor of Maryland, vn
33
Captain, killed by Indians, vn 19
Miss, captured by brigands, xn 425
Stony Point, captured by Wayne (1779), vn
220
Storch, Nicholas, Anabaptist, n 166 sq.
Storkyro, battle of the (1714), v 609
Siorm, Lambertus Dominicus, Dutch
politician, xi 663
Theodor Waldsen, German writer, x
405 ; XI 412 ; 414 ; 417 sq. ; 420
Stormberg, taken by the Boers, xn 642
Stormont, Viscount. See Mansfield, David
Murray, 2nd Earl of
Stomoway, Jacobites at, vi 105
Story, Dr John, n 474, 685
Stosch, Albrecht von, Prussian general, xi
456
Stourdza, Alexander, Bussian diplomatist
and writer, x 21; pamphlet of, circulated
by the Tsar, 364 sq.
Michael, Hospodar of Moldavia, xi
282 sqq.
Stowe, Hai-riet Elizabeth Beecher, Uncle
Tom's Cabin, vn 440, 746
Stowell, Sir William Scott, Lord, ix 45;
xn 713 sqq.
Strachan, Captain Sir Richard, ix 234 ; 239 ;
and the British expedition to the Scheldt,
358
Strachey, Henry, at Lake Manasarowar, xii
798
Strachey, Sir John, xn 460; 462; and
Indian famine, 472 ; and Indian finance,
473, 476
Sir Bichard, General, xn 462; and
the Indian Famine Commission, 472 ; 798
Strachwitz, Count Moritz von, German
poet, XI 413 sq.
Strada, Famianus, m 213
Stradella, Prince Eugene at, v 415
Pass, seized by Sardinians, vi 246
Strangnas. See Strengnaes
Straeten, van der, Belgian writer, prose-
cution of, X 530
Strafford, Frederick Thomas Wentworth,
Earl of, vni 294
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of, m
610, 737; early career of, iv 263 sqq.;
home policy of, 269 sq.; 272; 276 sq.;
Lord Deputy of Ireland, 278; 283 sq.;
impeachment and trial of, 287 sqq.;
death of, 290 sqq.; 295 sq.; 303; 316;
318; Irish policy of, 517 sq.; "Graces"
and, 519; 520 sq.; vi 786
Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of
(Lord Baby), v 431 sq.; 438 sq.
Straits Convention, xi 30
Settlements, Crown colony of, xn
532
Stralen, Antony van, in 216, 225
Stralsund, iv 105 sq.; siege of (1628), 106
sqq.; Sweden and, 186, 191 sqq.; 195;
219 ; restored to Sweden, v 45 ; besieged
(1676), 569; 603; (1712), 682, 607;
608; Charles XII at, 610 sq.; lost by
Swedes (1678), 652; vi24; faU of (1715),
25; 37; 276; blockade of, 277; 279;
Bussian troops at, ix 251, 263; siege
of (1807), 288-9, 295, 300, 368, 396;
Clinton at, 297; 337; falls into Schill's
hands (1809), 357
Strange, Lord. See Derby
Strangford, Percy Clinton Sidney Smythe,
6th Viscount, at Lisbon, ix 301
Straparola, Gianfrancesco of Caravaggio,
HI 468
Sti-assburg, n 87 ; Swiss religious influence
on, 160; 205; rejection of Schwabach
articles by, 210 ; the Tetrapolitana and,
212; surrenders to Charles V (1547),
258; 328 sq.; joins Schmalkaldic League,
336; Calvin at, 363; withdrawal of
Archbishop Gebhard to, ni 708; schism
of, 709 ; ecclesiastical difficulty in, 712,
715, 717, 718; Protestant Union jomed
by, 725 ; troops levied in, 731 ; Spanish in,
IV 129 ; French in (1633), 144 ; 209 ; 368 ;
405; 407; occupied by French (1681),
V 48, 50, 63, 230, 357, 364; 422; and the
Peace of Utrecht, 436, 450; Villars at,
435, 452; 653; University of, 628; vi
123; Austria and, 141; 144; 238; and
the States General, vni 125; Due
d'Enghien at, ix 30; 57; Lutheran
consistory at, 204 ; magazine formed at,
252; Napoleon at (1805), 253; Berthier
General Index,
589
at (1809), 347; Jews of, 588; Kapp in
(1815), 645; bishopric of , x 361; xi 31;
political demonstrations at, 137 ; 243 ;
464; 576; 580; siege of, 588; fall of,
600, 604 ; and insurance against un-
employment, xii 755
Strassburg, Erasmus, Bishop of (1541), in
158
John zu Manderscheid, Bishop of,
III 158
Stratford de Kedoliffe, Stratford Canning,
Ist Viscount, at Congress of Vienna, ix
585; 600; at St Petersburg, x 189 sq.;
191; at Constantinople, 549; 551; in
Turkey, xi 275 sqq.; 306; and causes
of Crimean War, 313 sq., 316; 320; and
Suez Canal, 638
Strathallan, James Drummond, 5th Vis-
count, VI 117
Strathcona, Donald Alexander Smith, Lord,
XI 774
Strathnaim, Hugh Henry Eose, Lord, at
Constantinople, xi 313; in India, 749
Stratimirovic, George, Serb leader, xi 180
Stratton, victory of Hopton at (1643), rv
313
Straubing, French army at, vi 236 sq.
Straudenz, Prussian army at, vi 242
Strauss, David Friedrich, theologian, ii 697 ;
X 382 ; XI 246
Jacob, Eeformer, n 160, 183
Strawberry Hill, xi 355
Strengnaes, Diet of (1523), n 622; free
school of, IV 187
Bothvid, Bishop of, n 629
Matthias Gregory, Bishop of, killed
in Stockholm Blood Bath, n 604
heretic Bishop of, crowns Sigismund,
IV 171
Strickland, Francis, Jacobite, vi 111
Walter, at the Hague, v 138
Strieltsy, Eussian arquebusiers, v 484 ; 578
sq.; at Azoff (1695), 521; revolt of the
(1698), 523 sqq.
Strindberg, August, Swedish writer, xn 280
Strobach, Anton, Vice-President of the
Austrian Reichstag, xi 178
Strode, William, iv 281; impeached, 297
Stroganoff, Gregory, Eussian colonist, v 494
Count Paul, Eussian Minister, vni
784, 786; ix 306; influence of, 483
Stromboli, naval battle off (1676), v 44,
162
Stroppiana, Langosco di, m 401
Strousberg, Bethel Henry, German banker,
XI 646
Strozzi, Carlo, member of Florentine
Pratica, i 176
Filippo (Giambattista), of Florence,
n 26 ; 72
Filippo (grandson of above), French
general, ordered to raid Spanish coasts,
ni 16; refused entrance by Eochelle, 20;
sent to treat with La Noue, 24, 300, 303,
387, 501
C. M. H.
Strozzi, Francesco, the Thucydides, in 471
Piero, n 77 sq., 88
Struensee, Charles Augustus, vi 747
John Frederick, Count, Danish
statesman, VI 735; 744; 746 sqq.; exe-
cution of, 750; 751; 756
Strutt, Eobert John, and radio-activity, xii
790
Struve, Gustav von, Baden politician, xi
61 sq.; 145; 163 sq.; imprisoned, 192
Eussian Liberal, xn 330 ; 333 ; 375 ;
378
Stryeshneff, Peter, uncle of Peter the Great,
v521
Strzygowski, Josef, xii 845
Stuart, Sir Charles, Colonel, vii 230
James Ewell Brown, Confederate
general, vn 478; killed (1864), 519
Sir John, in Calabria, ix 270; in
Sicily, 382; victory of, at Maida, 404
John MacDouall, Australian explorer,
XI 798
Villiers, elected for Waterford, x 644
Colonel, in Ceylon, ix 733
de Eothesay, Sir Charles Stuart,
Baron, x 98; and Portuguese affairs,
312, 319 sqq.
Stubbs, William, Bishop of Oxford, xi 363;
historical works of, xii 835, 839, 850
Studer, Bemhard, Swiss geologist, xi 260
Studianka, French cross the Berezina at,
IX 502
Stiibner, Marcus, Anabaptist, n 166 sq.
Stiihlingen, beginning of Peasants' Eising
at (1524), n 177 sq.
Stuhlweissenburg, coronation of Ferdinand I
at, I 97; Zapolya crowned at, n 198;
Ferdinand I crowned at, 199; deputation
from Diet of Poland to Bathory at, m
97; siege of (1543), 118
Stuhm, Swedes at, iv 187, 192
Stuhmsdorf, negotiations at (1635), iv 365
sq., 577, V 638
Stukeley, Sir Thomas, in 286, 597
Stuniga, Diego Lopez de. See Zuniga
or Zuniga, Lope de, Spanish poet,
I 379
Stupan, Domenic, iv 52
Sture, Erik, murder of, iv 164
Nils, stabbed in prison by Erik XIV,
IV 164
Sten (the younger), n 601, 603 sq.,
621
Svante, administrator of Sweden
(d. 1512), n 603
Count Svante, murder of, iv 164
Sturm, Beata, Pietist, v 762
Jacob, German Eeformer, n 204, 258
John, Professor at Paris, ii 286
Sturt, Charles, Captain, Australian explorer,
XI 792 ; 795
Sturzl, Dr Jacob, n 329
Stuttgart, siege of (1525), by XJlrich of
Wiirtemberg, ii 181 ; meeting of Pro-
testant Princes at (1607), in 724 ; (1609),
37
590
General Index,
730; Prince Eugene at, v 452; 762;
Ney at (1805), ix 253; Napoleon confis-
cates stores at, 373 ; disturbances in, xi
61 ; Eussian Liberal journal published at,
xn333
Stuve, Johann Karl Bertram, Hanoverian
statesman, xi 148; 220
Stuyvesant, Peter, Governor of New Nether-
lands, vn 22 ; 39 sq.
Styfel, M., German Keformer, n 160
Styria, transferred to Ferdinand I, n 150 ;
overrun by Turkish horsemen, m 107;
Protestantism in, 702; Estates of, 728;
Austria and, vi 204 ; 628 ; revolutionary
movement in, xi 155; and German unity,
173 ; 179 ; 184 ; and Hungary, 202 ; 399
Styrum, Hermann Otto, Count of Limburg-
Styrum, Imperial field-marshal, v 407
sq.
Suakin, assigned to Egypt, xii 439; 440
sqq. ; Indian garrison at, 447 ; 806 ; 811
Suard, J.-B.-Antoine, vm 512, 515
Suarez, Franciscus, ni 744, 746 ; statements
in, 757, 765, 767 ; xn 708
Prussian Privy Councillor, vi 728
Submission of the Clergy in England, The
(1532), n 438
Suboff, Plato, and Catharine II, vi 696
Suchet, Louis Gabriel, Due d'Albufera, ix
61 ; receives Albufera, 111; defeats Blake
before Saragossa, 454 ; repulsed at Va-
lencia, 457; cooperates with Macdonald,
464 ; ijesieges Tortosa, 465 ; 470 ; direc-
tions of Napoleon to, 471 ; at Valencia,
473 sqq.; Soult joins, 482 ; 624, 645
Suchow, captured by "Taipings," xi821;
xn 793; travellers at, 799, 802
Suchtelen, Count Jan Pieter, Eussian
Minister in Stockholm, xi 679
Suckling, Sir John, plot of, iv 289 ; v 745 ;
747
Sucre, revolutionary leader and President
of Bolivia, x 295 sqq.
Suczawa, seized by Solyman II, iii 117
Suda, fortress of, retained by Venice, v 349
Bay, Ibrahim Pasha at, x 189; xn
420; Turkish fort in, 423
Sudan, the Egyptian (1841-1907), Vol. xii.
Chap. XV ; 3; Great Britain and, 40 sq. ;
55; France and, 129; 132; 240; 343; 658
sq. ; rivalry of the Powers in, 660 ; 662 ;
664; 812 sq.
Sud^ikin, Eussian Chief of Detective Depart-
ment, xn 306 ; 311
Sudermania, Duke Charles of. See Charles
XIII of Sweden
Sudzha, protest by agricultural committee
in, xn 329
Sue, Eugene, French novelist, xi 131; 427
Suet river, Marchand on, xn 813
Suez, Turkish fleet leaves, for India (1538),
ni 117; Isthmus of, vni 597; Napoleon
at, 607; xi 346
Canal, xi 637 sq., 788 ; Disraeli and,
xn 32 ; 390 ; 430 sqq. ; opening of, 433 ;
and Egyptian question, 445 ; and Indian
trade, 463; 499
Suez Canal Convention, xn 456
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, i 484;
n 47; invades France, 421 sq., 425, 446,
660; ni 360
Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset,
created Duke of, n 505; 510, 516 sq.;
618-28
Edmund de la Pole, Earl of, i 452,
474 sq., 481
Eichard de la Pole, titular Duke of.
See Pole, de la
Henry Howard, Earl of, vi 448 sq. ;
450
■ Thomas Howard, Earl of, m 323;
559 sq.; 567; 571
(Mass.), significant political meeting
at (1774), vn 161, 163
Suflfren de Saint-Tropez, Pierre-Andr6 de,
French admiral, vi 454; 469; 677
Sugiyama, Japanese attache at Peking, xn
520 sq.
Suhm, Peter Friderik af, Danish historian,
VI 750
Suiva river, Eussian fleet built on, v 591
Sujah, or Shuja, Shah, Amir of Afghanistan,
1x732; xi731sq.; 734; 736
Sukhiim, rising in, xn 363
Suleyman (Solyman), the Magnificent, Ot-
toman Sultan, I 92 sq. ; Hungary invaded
by (1521), 93, 96 sq., 337; capture of
Ehodes by (1522), 93 sq. ; Francis I and,
94 sq. ; victory of, at Mohacs, 96 sqq. ;
invades Hungary (1529), n 206; (1532),
67, 218 sq.; (1538), 242; (1543), 77;
Vol. ni. Chap, iv passim', at Bagdad
(1535), 113; resolves on war with Venice
(1537), 114, 115-6; takes field against
tributary Prince of Moldavia (1538),
117; campaigns of, in Hungary, 118-9;
keeps his conquests at Peace of 1547,
120 ; begins new campaign against Persia
(1548), 120; confers lordship of Tran-
sylvania upon Zapolya's widowed Queen,
122; peace with Ferdinand (1562), 123;
the maritime struggle with Spain, 124;
despatches a fleet to Malta (1565), 125;
death of (1566), in camp before Szigeth,
126; the re-organisation of Ottoman
State, 127-30, 169-70; v 341; 347; vi
507; X 171
(Solyman) H, Ottoman Sultan, v
367; death of, 369
Pasha, Governor of Eumelia, 1 80 sq.
Pasha. See Seves
Pasha, xn 388 sq.
son of Zobeir Pasha, xn 439; 441
Snlkovski, Prince, at Diet of Posen, x 463
Sullivan's Island, bombardment of (1776),
vn 173
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Baron de
Eosny, Duke of, i 625 sq., m 12, 41,
398, 536, 664-5, 671, 673, 677-8, 681-2;
financial administration of, 693 sqq.;
General Index,
691
and Turks, iv 8 sq. ; retires to Bastille,
118; 122; religious freedom and, 624;
625
Sully-Prudhomme, Een^-Franpois-Armand,
XI 515
Sulpicians, French order of the, v 79
Sulz, Alvig von, in Engadine, iv 66
Count Kudolf von, n 329
Sulzbach, and Landshut War, i 315
House of, VI 231
Count Palatine Augustus of, at
Dresden, rv 215 sq.
. Charles Theodore, Count Palatine of.
See Palatinate (Electors Palatine)
Philip of, in Fiinen, iv 589
Sumatra, Dutch trade in, rv 711, 740;
Great Britain and, vi 429; Dutch su-
premacy in, XI 667; Dutch War in, xii
243; 669
Summa Doctrinae Christianae, by Canisius,
II 682
Sumner, Charles, American statesman, vii
429, 624 sq., 628, 636 sq. ; and reaction,
640; 653; 744; xn 21
Edwin Vose, American general, vn
476
Sumter, Thomas, American general, vii
225 sq.
Sumter, Confederate man-of-war, xn 17
Sumy, peasant rising in, xii 361
Sunda, Eajah of, and the Portuguese, ix 718
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of,
V 461; Secretary of State, 465; 466; 469;
vi40sq.; 70; 181
Bobert Spencer, 2nd Earl of. Secretary
of State, V 224; 226; 230; and James II,
231 ; 233 sqq. ; and William of Orange,
243; dismissal of, 245; 255; 271; 273;
and William III, 274; 307; 461
Sundgau, French claims to the, iv 602
Sungari river, navigation of, xi 273
SunnenvEBder, Peter (Jakobsson), n 623
Sunnites, struggle between the Shiites and
the, I 90
Suok, caravan route to, xn 793; 798
Superior, Lake, navigation of, xn 612
Supernae dispositionis arbitrio, Bull, n 31
Supremacy, Act of (1559), iii 284
Surat, the English and Dutch at, iv 741
sqq. ; the Dutch in district of, v 697 ;
698; 703; regained by France, vi 464;
521 ; Treaty of, 575 ; Mornington's policy
in, IX 724
Suresnes, Conference at, m 52 ; Truce of,
417
Surhud, English traveller at, xn 800
Surian, Michiel, n 373, 547
Surinam, English colony at, rv 755; the
Dutch in, v 110, 151, 161, 688; 154;
189; exchanged for New York, vn 80;
taken by British (1799), vm 484; reduced
(1804), IX 240, 750
Surji Arjangaon, Treaty of, ix 726
Surlet de Chokier, Baron, Eegent of Bel-
gium, X 539 sq.
Surman, embassy of, to Delhi, v 701 ; vi 559
Surraino, Michele, ni 169, 188
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of (by courtesy),
in 365, 367; executed, n 462
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of. See
Norfolk, 2nd Duke of
Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of. See
Norfolk, 3rd Duke of
Susa (Turin), acquired by France, iv 134
sq.; Treaty of (1629), 275
(Susiana), archaeological discoveries
at, xn 846
Suso, Heinrich, mystic, v 758
Sussex, Sir Thomas Eadcliffe, 3rd Earl of,
Lord Deputy of Ireland, ni 278-9, 282,
588, 590
Sussy, Collin de, ix 142
Sutherland, John Gordon, 15th or 16th
Earl of, VI 99 sqq.
1st Duke of. See Gower, G. G.
Leveson-Gower, Lord
Sutlej river, boundary of Sikh kingdom,
XI 731 ; 735 ; 738 ; 740 ; exploration on,
xn 798
Sutter, John Augustus, Calif omian settler,
vn 400
Sutter's Fort, built, vn 400
Sutton, Charles Manners-. See Canterbury,
Viscount
Thomas Manners-. See Manners
Sir Eobert, and the Peace of Passaro-
witz, VI 32; at Paris, 38
Sutzo, Michael, x 179
Suvorin, the Novoe Vremya, xn 314
Suv6roff, Alexander Vasilievich, Eussian
field-marshal, vi 697; vm 316, 326, 336;
in Poland, 546 sq. ; arbitrarily disgraced,
646; commands Austro-Euseian force
(1799), 654, 656 sq., 659 sqq,; ix 41; 49,
57 ; Turks defeated by, 385 ; x 431
Suys, Baron de, Wallenstein and, iv 237
Suzannet, Chouan leader, ix 2; 14
Svane, Hans, Bishop of Zealand. See
Zealand
Sveaborg, Finnish fortress, vi 770; 775;
779; Swedish fleet shut up in, vin 325;
armed rising at, xn 369; 377
Svenskund, battle of, vi 782
Sverdrup, Johan, Norwegian statesman, xn
283 sqq.
Svoboda, Vaclav, Cech writer, xi 654
Svyatopolk-Mirsky, Prince, xn 346 sq. ; 350
Svyesti Krest, evacuated by Eussia, vi 304
Swabia, Bernard in, rvr 216 ; Gustavus and,
219; ravaged in the War, 418; French
invasion of, v 418 ; 622 ; Austria and, vi
204; 238; and the Congress of Vienna,
IX 588
Frederick (of Hohenstaufen), Duke
of, v 630
Swabian League, The, Knights of St George
in, I 292, 296; Swiss refuse to join,
307, 321; n 41, 146; joins in crushing
Franconian Knights (1524), 156 sq., 178.
181, 220, 224
37-2
592
General Index,
Swallow Islands, annexation of, xn 667
Swammerdam, Jan, iv 722; v 727; 737
Swan river, exploration on, xi 791
Swatis, The, attack British posts, xn 488
Swaziland, the Transvaal and, xn 640
Sweating Sickness, The (1485), i 488
Sweden
n xvii The Scandinavian North (III),
599-602, 621-33
IV V The Vasa in Sweden and Po-
land (1560-1630), 158-89
vi Gustavus Adolphus (1630-2),
190-222
vii Wallenstein and Bernard of
Weimar (1632-5), passiniy
223-55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years' War (1635-48), pas-
sim, 364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, pas-
sim, 395-433
XX The Scandinavian North (1559-
1660), 560-91
V ii The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-97), iJassim, 32-63
xviii The Scandinavian Kingdoms,
558-83
xix Charles XII and the Great
Northern War, 584-615
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian King, passim, 639-
72
VI ix The Seven Years' War, passim,
251-300
X Eussia under Anne and Eliza-
beth, passim, 301-28
xxi Denmark under the Bernstorffs
and Struensee, passim, 735-
57
xxii The Hats and Caps under Gus-
tavus III (1721-92), 758-84
vin xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim,
306-37
IX ii The Armed Neutrality (1780-
1801), passim, 34-54
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9) , passim, 294-
340
xiii The Continental System (1809-
U), passim, 361-89
xix and xxi The Congress of Vienna,
I and II (1814-5), passim,
576-602, 646-71
XI xxiv Scandinavia (1815-70)
(1) Sweden and Norway,
677-90
xn xi Scandinavia (1872-1909), 273-
90
Sweelinck, Dirk, iv 720
Swellendam, surrender of, ix 749
Swieten, Geraard van, vi 635; x 159
van, Dutch general, xii 243
Swi^tochowski, Polish publicist, xn 337
sq.
Swift, Jonathan, v 70; 458; 467; 469; 471;
Drapier's Letters, vi 485
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, xi 367 sq. ;
365
Swiss Leagues, The, and Pope Julius II,
I 135 sq., 137; and France (1516), 142;
293, 295; 307 sq. ; n 306, 320, 324, 341;
mercenaries of, in French and Imperial
armies, 44 sq.; treaty of, with France
(1522), 62; and Neuchatel, v 449. See
also Switzerland and the various Cantons,
etc.
Switzerland
n X The Helvetic Eeformation,
305-41
xi Calvin and the Eeformed
Church, passim, 342-76
VI xvii Switzerland from the Treaty
of Aarau to the French Re-
volution, 611-25
VIII xxi The Second Coalition, passim,
633-64
IX iv France and her tributaries
(1801-3), passim, 81-106
xiv The French Dependencies, and
Switzerland, 390-427
xix and xxi The Congress of Vienna,
I and II (1814-5), passim,
576-615, 646-71
X X Economic Change, passim,
727-62
XI viii The achievement of Swiss
Federal Unity, 234-61
xn xxiii Social Movements, passim,
730-65
ISee also Swiss Leagues, Hel-
vetic Eepublic, Grisons and
the several Cantons]
Sword, Order of the, m 73, 82; v 630
Sybel, Heinrich von, German historian, xi
231; xnl46; 827 sq.
Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thom-
son, Lord, Governor-General of Canada,
XI 758 sqq.; 766 sq.
Col. William, expelled from Parlia-
ment, IV 548
Sydney (New South Wales), colony estab-
lished at, IX 737; xi 790; and Victoria,
792; 794 sq. ; industries of, xn 623;
University of, 627; 628; Federal Conven-
tion at, 631; 634; 666
(Ontario), xn 612
Henry, Earl of Eomney. See
Eomney
Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount,
VI 462; 468; and New South Wales, ix
736
Sykes, Moles worth, in Persia, xii 801
Syllabus, The Papal, published (1864), xi
539; 712 sqq.
Sylvester II (Gerbert), Pope, i 536
Sylvius (de La Bo6), Francis, physiologist,
V 730 sqq.; 734
Symonds, John Addington, Renaissance in
Italy, xn 849
General Index,
593
Syracuse, citadel of, vi 153
Syria, Ottoman conquest of, i 91 ; Spanish,
etc. factories in, 496; the Osmanli
Sultans and, vi 507; Napoleon's expedi-
tion against, viii 607 sqq. ; Mehemet All
and, X 512 ; invaded by Ibrahim Pasha,
547, 549 sq.; 553; 559 sqq.; 566; 569;
671 ; XI 276; Napoleon III and, 476; 634;
France and, 636 ; Turkey and, xn 4
Syrokorenie, Ney crosses the Dnieper at,
IX 501
Szabacs, on the Save, captured by Corvinus
(1476), I 81; taken by Solyman the Mag-
nificent (1521), 93
Szakmary, George. See P^cs, Bishop of
Szalankemen, battle of (1691), v 61, 369
Szalay, Ladislas, Hungarian historian, xi
431
Szapary, Count Julius, Hungarian states-
man, XII 199
Szasz, Charles, Hungarian writer, xi 430
Szatmar, annexed by John Sigismund Za-
polya, in 125
Szczaniecki, Ludovic, Polish colonel, x
453
Sz^chenyi, Count Stephen, Hungarian
patriot, viii 777; x 371; xi 155; 172;
183 ; 205 ; Survey ^ 400 sq. ; writings of,
425 sqq., 431
Szech'uan, xii 502; disturbances in, 515;
793; travellers in, 796 sq.; 805
Sz^csen, Count Anton, Hungarian states-
man, XI 404; XII 177
Szegedin, Diet of (1458), i 72; Ferdinand
defeated at (1552), ra 123; xi 210; fight
at (1849), 211
Szeklers, The, and Hungary, xi 202
Sz^ll, Koloman, Hungarian statesman, xn
191; 204 sq.
Szemere, Bartholomew, President of Hun-
garian Ministry, xi 207; 210; 212 sq.
Szent Tomasch, Hungarian repulse at, xi
182
Szerenes, Diet at (1605), m 701
Szigeth, besieged by Solyman, in 126;
taken by the Turks (1566), 130, 170
Szigligeti, Ede, Hungarian dramatist, zi
427
Szilagyi, Alexander, Hungarian historian,
XI 431
D., Hungarian Minister of Justice,
xn 199
Szimanski, Polish socialist, xn 337
Szlachta, Polish gentry, elevation to power
of, ni 76 sqq.
Szon, Peace of, iv 192
Szoreg, battle of, xi 211
Szony, engagement at, xi 206
Szujski, J6zef, Polish historian, xi 660
TaafEe, Count Eduard von, Austrian states-
man, xn 186 sq. ; 192 ; Ministry of, 193
sqq. ; 199 sq.
Theobald, Earl of Carlingford. See
Carlingford
Taaffe, Count, Governor of Galicia, x 462
Table Bay, Dutch East India Company
and, IV 713
Tablet, Catholic newspaper, xn 69
Tabley, de, John Byrne Leicester Warren,
Lord, English poet, xi 353
Tabor, Austrian army in, vi 233
Taborberg, Austrian force on, vi 257
Taborites, Hussite sect, ii 186
Taboureau Desr^aux, Louis-Gabriel, French
financier, vni 89
Tabriz, arrival of Turkish army at (1534),
III 112; taken by Solyman II, 120;
Morier at, xn 800
Tachard, Father, Jesuit missionary in Siam,
xn 534
Tachau, General Bellegarde's Bxmj at, jx
347
Tach6, Sir Etienne Pascal, Premier of
Canada, xi 769; 775
Tachenius, Otto, chemist, v 731
Ta-chien-lu, travellers at, xn 797, 803
Tacitus, works of, published by Beroaldus,
n 16
Tadcaster, Catholic Earls at, m 281
Tafel, Julius, German chemist, xn 770
Tafilet, French explorer at, xn 808
Tafna, Treaty of the (1837), x 504
Taft, William Howard, Governor of the
Philippines, xn 531
Taganrog, founded, V 522; 527; 605; razed
by Peter the Great, 606; ix 47; death of
Alexander I at, x 190, 439
Tagliamento river, French advance on
(1800), IX 68; Archduke Charles at, 258;
Austrian advance on, xi 86
Tagus river, Santa Cruz's fleet in, m 504;
British force in, ix 303-4; Russian
squadron in, 367; Spaniards rally behind
(1809), 448, 450; Soult marches on,
453; Wellington fortifies mouth of, 459;
Mass^na withdraws to, 462; Marmont in
the valley of, 468 sq. ; boat-bridge on,
destroyed, 472; Portuguese royal family
sails from, x 310; 317; French fleet in
(1831), 325 sq.; defence of, 328; Portu-
guese fleet sails from, 333; Napier enters
(1833), 334 ; French men-of-war in, xi 574
Tahiti, xi 16; 35; annexed by French,
793; xn 668
Tahmasp, Shah. See Tamasp
Taille, French hearth-tax, account of,
I 406; IV 120, 152 sq.; at opening of
the Fronde, 606; 621; v 8 sq.; on eve
of <3he Revolution, viii 67
Taine, Hippolyte-Adolphe, historian, vm
53,64,78; xi523sq.; 527; xn93; 114;
831; 833 sq.
**Taiping" Rebellion, xi 820 sq. ; xn 502
T'aitsung, Emperor of China, xii 509
Taitzu-ho river, xn 691 ; fighting on, 692 ;
593; 697
T'aiwen Kun. See Tai Won Kun
Tai Won Kun (T'aiwSn Kun), The, father
of King of Korea, xn 609; 667; 670 sq.
594
General Index.
Takadzukasa, Japanese noble, xi 834;
837 sqq.
Takasugi, Choshiu leader, xi 852
Taku, projected railway to, xn 505; 514;
618 sq. ; 621; Japanese force at, 575;
796
forts, capture of, xi 812; 817 sq.
Takushan, Japanese troops land at, xn 585
Tak van Poortvliet, J. P., Dutch statesman,
XII 244; 246 sq.
Talabot, Paulin, French politician, xi 298
Talamone, retained by Philip, in 385
Talana Hill, Boers repulsed at, xn 642
Talavera, Synod of (1498), i 651; Vendome
at, V 428; ix 443; Victor's headquarters
at, 451; campaign of (1809), 452 sqq.
Ferdinand Mendoza de. Archbishop
of Granada (d. 1607). See Granada
Talbot, Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury. See
Shrewsbury
Sir Gilbert, envoy to Denmark, v 109
Peter, titular Archbishop of Dublin,
V 305
Earl of Tyrconnel. See
Eichard,
Tyrconnel
Thomas,
William,
"William
X 691
Bishop of Salisbury, vi 43
Henry Fox, and photo-
graphy, xn 783
Talienwan, Japanese occupation of, xii 511 ;
589
Bay, European force at, xi 818
Ta-li-fu, XII 500; caravan route to, 793;
796 sq.
Tallard, Camille d'Hostun, Comte de,
Marshal of France, ambassador in
London, v 382, 385 sqq., 430; in cam-
paign against the Allies, 407 sqq.
Talleyrand-P^rigord, Charles Maurice de.
Prince of Benevento, vii 321, 324; viii
102, 159, 178; and Constitution of 1791,
183; 191, 198; and Church property, 195,
694; and diplomatic relations of, with
Great Britain (1792), 296, 298; Minister
of Foreign Affairs, 493 sq., 508; 507, 596,
667 sq. ; and Napoleon, 675, 680; ix 1;
4; eludes Napoleon's domination, 10; 30,
47, 65, 75-6, 101 ; leader of a peace party,
103; 107; Vice-Grand Elector, 110; 136;
Grand Chamberlain, 111 ; receives Bene-
vento, ib.\ 138, 194, 268-9; and Con-
cordats, 180-4, 189; 194; retirement of,
195; 252, 259, 262; and Prussia, 265-6;
268-9; policy of, towards England, 270;
288, 296 sqq., 320, 342; and Biblio-
theque hritannique, 427; concerned in
intrigues at Paris, 445; interview with
Alexander, 556; 558; and Bourbons,
559 sqq. ; and Ministry of Louis XVIII,
565; advice of , 567; and Due d'Orl^ans,
573; services of, 575; and First Peace
of Paris, 576; and Congress of Vienna,
579, 684, 647, 652-3, 667; and slave
trade, 662; and the peace negotiations,
664; X 4; doctrine of Legitimacy of, 5;
retirement of, IB ; 41 ; recalled to office,
44; 45; resigns, 46 sq. ; opposes com-
pensation for the Emigres, 83; and
Algerian expedition (1830), 98; and
negotiations with the Papacy, 140; and
revolution of 1830, 477; French ambas-
sador in London, 482 sq. ; and Belgian
question, 483 sqq.; 487; and Thiers,
495; and Algiers, 502
Tallien, Jean Lambert, vra 234, 249, 265;
and fall of Eobespierre, 366; 369 sq. ;
at Bordeaux, 372; on Coniite de Salut
Public (1794), 375, 377 sq., 392; joins
the Montagnards, 397; 615
Talmash, Thomas, lieutenant-general, v 246
Talon, Jean, Canadian Intendant, vn 72,
80 sq.
Omer, iv 621
Talsy, interview between Cond^ and Catha-
rine de' Medici at, in 2
Tamai, battle of, xn 441
Tamames, skirmish at (1809), ix 465
Tamarit, Catalan chief, and Louis XIU,
IV 649
Tamasese, King of Samoa, vn 662
Tamasp, Shah of Persia, in 124; vi 607;
611 sq.
Tamaulipas, Mexican State, vn 394
Tamboff, xn 327; 329; action against
Liberals in, 349; 363
Tamhurlaine, Marlowe's, m 374
Tamerlane. See Timur
Tammany Hall, vii 639, 645
Tanaro, the Allies on the, v 408
Tanchelin, Flemish sectary (c. 1100), i 626
Tandy, Napper, Irish patriot, vm 772
Taney, Koger Brooke, American jurist, vn
383, 435, 575
Taneytown, Meade at, vn 488
Tanezruft, explorers in, xn 808
Tanganyika, Lake, xn 661 sqq.; discovered,
809; 810
Tangier, v 61; ceded to England (1661),
105, 106 sq.; 113; 178; bombarded by
French, xi 35; Emperor William H at,
xn 132; 133
Tan-ho river, fighting on, xn 591
Tan j ore, Momington's policy in, ix 724;
disputed succession in, vi 638; 540 sq. ;
bombardment of, 547; 548
Sarboji, Kijah of, ix 724
Tanlongo, Director of Banca Eomana, xn
218
Tann, Baron Ludwig von der, Bavarian
general, xi 602 sq.
Tannenberg, Polish victory at (1410), v 633
Tantia Topi, Brahman officer, xi 738 sq.
Tanucci, Bernardo, Marquis di, Neapolitan
statesman, vi 592 sq. ; and Papacy, 594;
597; 599; vin 778
Tao, Chinese general, xn 511
Tao Kwang, father of Prince Ch'xm, xn
501
Taormina, capture of, xi 92
Tapanuli, ceded to Great Britain, vi 429
General Index.
595
Taranaki, xi 793; native troubles at, 799;
800
Taranto, threatened by Barbarossa, in 112 ;
ceded to France (1801), ix 69; evacuated
(1802), 77; French occupation of, 245
Tarapaca, province of, ceded to Chili,
XII 679
Tarbagatai mountains, xn 793; exploration
in, 799
Tarb6, Louis Hardouin, Minister of Finance
to Louis XVI, vni 216, 222
Tarbes, Gabriel Grammont, Bishop of, n
427 sq.
Target, Gui-J.-B., French politician, vin
132, 154, 183, 691, 715; ix 175
Paul-L^on, French politician, xn 108
Targowice, Confederation of (1792), vm
531 sq., 536 sq., 540
Tarifa, Spanish force sent to (1810), ix 464;
469
"Tariff of Abominations," vii 377
Tariffs, Colbert's, v 10 sqq. ; in the U.S.A.,
the demand for Protection and its intro-
duction, vn 355 sq. ; struggle and revision
of tariffs, 375 sqq.; 382; after Civil War,
635; 650 sqq.; Chap, xxi (1885-1902)
jpassim; and economic development, 698
sqq., 722; English, Walpole's policy in
regard to, vi 49 sq. ; the Trianon (1810),
IX 372 sq. ; influence of, in Europe, in
the early 19th century, x 752; later
English, Huskisson and, 588 sq. ; Mr
Chamberlain and, xn 54 ; Canadian, 606 ;
Chap. XX, European Colonies, jjassim, 602-
71; the German, of 1879, Bismarck's
later policy in regard to, 154 sqq., see
aUo Z Oliver ein; Eussian, of Witte, 325;
Swedish, in the late 19th century, 277
Tarim river, exploration on, xn 802
Tarleton, Sir Banastre, General, vii 224 sq.,
227
Tarlo, Adam, Palatine of Lublin, vi 194;
197
Tarnopol, acquired by Kussia (1809), x 413;
restored to Austria (1815), 445, 461
Tamov, ecclesiastical seminary of, x 462
Tamowski, Jan, Castellan of Cracow, in 79
Count Stanislaus, Polish writer, xi
660
Tarragona, and Catalan revolt, iv 648 sq. ;
Beding's army in, ix 448; besieged by
Suchet (1811) ,465 ; taken, 470 ; abandoned
(1813), 479
Tartars, Eussia and, v 477 sqq., 484;
invade Lithuania, 481; vi 305; 674;
rising of, 681; in China, xi 803; in
the Caucasus, xn 342; 343
Tartary, Crimean, vi 634
Gulf of, XI 272, 819
Tarutino, Eussian retreat to (1812), ix 497-8
Tarvis, Austrians cross Italian frontier at,
IX 355
Ta-shih-chiao, battle of, xn 589
Tashkent, captured by Eussians, xi 631;
railway at, xn 343; 344
Tasman, Abel, voyages of, rv 713
Tasmania, discovery of, rv 713;
exploration of, ix 740 ; transportation to,
XI 784, 794 sq. ; separated from New
South Wales, 789; 790 sq. ; population
of, 796, 799; 797; xn 619; 621; 624
sq.; political development of, 626 sq.;
University of, founded, 627; 630; and
federation, 631
Tassino, favourite at Court of Milan, 1 106
Tassis, Juan de, Count of Villamediana,
ni 536
Tasso, Bernardo, m 471-2
Torquato, in 434, 455, 457, 466-7,
471-4
Tassoni, Alessandro, m 461
(il Vecchio), evidence of, concerning
Eeformation in Italy, n 386
Tast, Hermann, Danish Eeformer, n 160,
611
Tata, acquired by Solyman n, ni 124;
attacked by Maximilian's troops, 125
Giovanni, Orphanage of, xi 72
Tataraimaka, the Maori and, xi 799 sq.
Tatar-Bazardjik, insurrection at, xn 384
Tatarsk, Charles XII at, v 598
Tate, Nahum, English dramatist, v 134
Colonel, American in the French
Service, vni 475
Tati, discovery of gold at, xi 787
Tatistcheff, Dmitri Pavlovitch, Eussian
ambassador to Spain, vn 366; x 21, 209,
211 sq.
Tattenbach, Count Hanns Erasmus von,
and Hungarian conspiracy, v 351 sq.
Tauenzien, Bogislav F. E., Count von
Wittenberg, Prussian general and Minister,
vni 548 sq., 551; retreats before Berna-
dotte, IX 275; at Jena, 276; 525 sqq.
Tauler, Johann, German mystic, i 434;
V 755
Taunton, during Civil War, iv 313, 328
sq., 331
Tauria, acquired by Eussia, vi 675
Taurida, Catharine II visits, vni 315
Tauroggen, Convention of (1812), ix 505
Tausen, Hans, '* the Danish Luther." See
Eibe, Bishops of
Tausenau, Karl, Austrian Eadical, xi 185
Tavannes, Gaspard de Saulx de, Marshal
of France, m 10 sqq., 19, 21
Jean de Saulx, Vicomte de. Marshal
of France, in 672
de Saulx, Comte de, in Burgundy,
IV 612 sq. ; in command of Cond6
regiments (1650), 614 sqq.
Tavanti, Tuscan Minister of Finance, vi 602
Tavieres, and battle of Eamillies, v 415
Tavira, occupied by Napier (1833), x 333
Tavora, Marquis of, vi 386
Marchioness of, vi 386
Tayasu, Japanese noble, xi 825
Tayler {or Taylor), John, English ambas-
sador in France, n 427
Taylor, Annie, traveller, in Tibet, xn 804
596
General Index,
Taylor, Brook, mathematician, v 717; 722
Brooke, British Minister at Copen-
hagen, IX 297
Sir Henry, dramas of, xi 352 sq.
Sir Herbert, secretary to William IV,
X 615
Jeremy, Bishop of Down and Connor,
V 119; 304; 321; 326; 328; hxberiy of
Prophesying, 329, 332; 748 sq.
John, hymn- writer, vni 764
Eichard, Confederate general, vii
524; surrender of, 543
Eowland, Protestant Keformer, n 539
Tom, dramatist, xi 352
William, man of letters, vin 764
Zachary, commands army in Texas
(1845), vn 394 sqq., 399; President of
United States, 400; death of (1850), 404;
416
Tazzoli, Enrico, Italian priest, xi 376 sq.
Tchernitchefif, Russian general, and Napo-
leon, IX 487; crosses the Oder, 514; at
Liineburg, 515
Tchesme, vi 355; 633; battle of, 673
Tchitchagoff, Paul Vasilievitch, Russian
admiral and general, commands Army
of the Danube, ix 489 ; defeats Sehwarz-
enberg, 499; marches to Berezina, 501
sqq.; joins Wittgenstein, 511; at Brom-
berg, 512
Tebaldeo, Antonio, of Ferrara, in 458
Tecklenburg, countship of, v 668, ix 410
Tecpanecs, The (Mexican tribe), i 39
Tecumthe, Shawnee chief, vn 337, 341,
345
Teelinck, Wilhelm, Dutch mystic, v 754
Tegerrie, British explorers at, xii 807
Teglio, Valtelline district, iv 35; 37;
massacre in, 49
Tegn^r, Esaias, Swedish poet, xi 686 sq.
Teheran, French officers sent to, ix 289;
French ambassador at, 308; British
representative at, xii 492; 793; Morier
at, 800
Tehuantepec, and Panama Canal, xii 686
Teignmouth, burnt by French (1690), v 261
Teisserenc de Bort, Pierre-Edmond, French
politician, xii 99
Teixeira, Gaspar, Portuguese general, x
329 sq.
Tej Sing, commander of Khalsa troops, xi
738 sq.
Teleki, Michael, leader of Hungarian rebels,
V 353; 355; 358
Samuel, African traveller, xii 813
Tel-el- Amarna tablets, xii 846
Tel-el-Kebir, battle of, xii 40, 437 sq. ; 441
Telesio, Bernardino, ii 706
Telford, Thomas, engineer, x 738 sq. ; 744
sq. ; XI 684
Telissu, battle of, xii 587
Tell, William, the legend of, xi 261
Telles-Jordao, Portuguese general, x 334
Tellnitz, Russian attack on (1805), ix 260
Tello, archaeological discoveries at, xii 846
Temesvar, besieged by Mohammad SokoUi,
III 122; captured (1552), 123, 124; con-
gress at, V 346; 370 sq.; Banat of, vi
626; Austrian retreat from (1788), vin
325; evacuated by Turks, »&. ; xi 184;
battle of, 211
Tempest, The, and Shakespeare's progressive
quality, in 378
Templars, Order of the, v 630 sq.
Temple, George Nugent-Temple- Grenville,
Earl. See Buckingham, Marquis of
Sir John, iv 534
Sir Richard, xii 460; 462; and
Indian famine, 472
Richard Temple Grenville, Earl, vi
419; 424; resigns, 426; 430 sq. ; dis-
missed, 432; 434 sqq. ; and the Letters of
Junius, 441 ; 442
Sir Thomas, vn 75, 111
Sir William, and Triple Alliance,
V 119 sq., 153, 191; 201; and Prince of
Orange, 213; 224; 265
Temporal Power of the Papacy. See Rome,
the ecclesiastical state
Temps, Le, French journal, xi 487; xii 97
Ten, Council of. See Council of Ten
Ten Articles, The (1536), n 446
Tenant-Right League, in Ireland, xii 69
Tenasserim, capture of, xi 728; lost by
Burma, xii 479
Tencin, Pierre Gu^rin de, Cardinal, vi 110;
239
Tenczyn, Count of, in 90
Tenczynski, Jan, Palatine of Belz, in 96, 99
Tenda, purchased by Savoy, in 407
Tendilla, Inigo Hurtado de Mendoza, 2nd
Count of, Captain-General of Granada, i
360 sq.
Tenedos, lost by Venice (1381), i 264;
temporarily recovered, v 342
Teneriffe, Nelson repulsed at, viii 464
Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, V 753
Tennessee, settlers in, vn 221 ; enters
Union (1796), 357, 413; population of,
359, 689; in Civil War, 462, 471, 581;
campaign in (1864), 523 sqq. ; peace in,
544; emancipation in, 587, 598; new
government set up in, 625
East, Confederates in, vn 463, 500;
Burnside in, 508
river, settlers on, vn 357; operations
on (1861-2), 463, 494, 496 sq., (1863),
508 sqq.
Tennhart, Johann, Pietist, v 761
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, poems
of, XI 350 sq.; and Browning, 352; 353;
364 sq.; 701
Tenos, island of, devastated by Turks
(1570), m 134
Tenot, Eugene, Paris in Deeemher 1851, xi
488
Teplitz, Austrian magazine at, vi 257;
flight of Louis Bonaparte to (1810), ix
371; retreat of Allies to (1813), 627;
J
General Index.
597
Treaty of (1813), 579; meeting at (1819),
X 366 sq. ; Conference at (1831), 376;
meeting of the Emperor of Austria and
the King of Prussia at, xi 224
Te Eauparaha, Maori chief, xi 793; 795
Terceira, island of, Spanish defeat of French
fleets off, ni 294, 299, 302, 501 ; reception
of Don Antonio at, 501 ; Constitutionalists
in, X 323 sq.; Villa Flor in, 326; Dom
Pedro at (1832), 328
Antonio Jos6 de Sousa Manuel, Duke
of, Count of Villa Flor, x 322 ; 324 ; at
Terceira, 326 sq. ; in Portugal, 328 sq. ;
created Duke, 330; 332 sq. ; captures
Lisbon, 334; 336; Minister of Maria II,
338; insurrection by, 339; Ministry of,
ih.
Terdshan, victbry of Turks at (1473), i 82
Teresa, St, accused of heresy, n 409
Te Rewi, Maori chief, xi 799 sqq.
Tergoes, taken by Spaniards (1572), in 234
Termes, Marechal de, n 93
Ternate, Dutch trade at, m 638, iv 733,
742
Ternay, Admiral, vi 453
Terni, Neapolitan defeat at (1798), vm 652
Terouanne, capture of, by English (1513),
1 140, 481 ; captured by Charles V (1533),
n 89, 274; restored to France (1558),
94
Terracina, Concordat concluded at (1818),
X 143
Terranova, Duke of, ni 252-3
Terray, Joseph-Marie, French statesman,
VI 356 sq.; 359; vm 25, 74, 82, 99
Territories, The. See Delaware, State of
"Terror," The, Vol. vm, Chap, xn, 338-71,
also Chap, xni passim] the so-called
"White," 387
Terry, Alfred Howe, American general, vn
629, 557
Terserus, Professor, Swedish finances and,
IV 575
Tertre, Jean Baptiste du. See Du Tertre
Tertullian, early printed editions of, i 616
Teschen, Treaty of (1779), vi 632 sq., 677,
707, vm 309 sqq., ix'39; 93
Tess6, Mans-Jean-Baptiste-Ren6 de Froulay,
Comte de. Marshal of France, v 402;
416; 419; ambassador in Spain, vi 137;
140; 165
Tesselschade, Maria. See Vischer
Tessin, and Congress of Vienna, ix 587
Count Carl Gustav, Swedish states-
man, VI 759 sqq.
NicodemuB, Swedish architect, vi
759
Test Act, The, passed, v 210; James II
and, 232 sqq., 239 sq. ; 333 sq.; Lord
John Eussell procures the repeal of (1828),
X 593
Teste, Charles, x 485; 491
Jean-Baptiste, French statesman, xi
39
Testi, Fulvio, Count, Italian poet, v 69
Tetrapolitana, The (Confession of the four
Cities), n 212; drawn up by Bucer and
Capito (1530), 335 sq. ; Leagiie of Schmal-
kalden joined by the four Cities, 215 sq.
Tetschen, the Preliminaries of BreslaU and,
VI 235
Tettenbom, Russian general, crosses the
Oder, IX 514; enters Hamburg, 515
Tetuan, occupied by the Spaniards, xi 564
Duke of. See O'Donnell, Enrique
Tetzel, John, n 121, 130, 134, 204
Teusin, Peace of (1595), iv 171
Teutonic Order of Knights. See German
Order
Tewfik (Tawfik) Pasha, Khedive of Egypt,
xn 40 ; accession of, 435 ; 436 sqq. ;
Turkey and, 444; death of, 454
Texas, French and Spanish claims in, vn
362 ; annexation of, 390 sqq. ; becomes
an independent State (1836), 392, 406;
admitted to Union (1845), 394, 413; 397
sq. ; boundary of, disputed, 403 sqq. ;
and secession, 446; joins Confederacy,
453, 457; blockade-running in, 620;
slavery abolished in, 626; reconstruction
in, 632 sq.; becomes Democratic (1874),
642 ; population of, 696, 711
Texel, action off (1653), iv 436, 476, 478;
V 181; battle off (1673), 195 sq.; Dutch
fleet captured at, vm 436; blockaded
(1797), 481; captured (1799), 483; 662;
Allied force at, ix 219
Tezcucans, The (Mexican tribe), i 39
Thacher, American lawyer, vn 179, 185
Thackeray, William Makepeace, x 724; xi
358 sq.
Thackwell, Sir Joseph, lieutenant-general
in India, xi 741
Thames, The, de Ruyter's fleet in, v 37, 113 ;
Dutch fleet off, 182, 189; the Great Seal
recovered from, 247
(Ontario), battle of the (1813), vn
341, 389
Thana, Danglia imprisoned at, xi 725
Theatines, origin of Order of the, n 23,
379, 648
Theden, Johann Christian Anton, Prussian
surgeon-general, vi 725
Theiss river, war on, xi 204 sq., 210 sq.
Theisz, French politician, xi 502
Thelwall, John, Reformer, vm 761
Themptander, O. B., Swedish statesman,
xn 277
Theodore, Emperor of Abyssinia, xi 752 sq.;
xn 664
King of Corsica. See Neuhof
I (Ivanovich), Tsar, v 495 sq. ; death
of, 497; 514
Ill or II (Romanoff), Tsar, v 486;
516 sqq.; death of, 519; 524; 741
Godunoff, Tsarevich, v 499
of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury,
I 535, 598
Theodosia, daughter of Theodore I, Tsar, v
496
598
General Index,
Theophilantliropists, French religious sect,
under the Directory, vin 501
Theophrastus, and sexuality in plants, v
736
Th^ot, Catharine, arrest of, vm 366, 370
Theot6kes, Greek statesman, xii 422
Therisso, insurgents at, xn 423
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, by Guarino di
Fa vera, n 17
Theses, Luther's, n 123, 128-32; Zwingli's,
321 ; theses of Zwingli, Haller and Eoll,
327
Thessaly, insurrection in (1821), x 180;
Greek invasion of, xi 639 sq. ; and the
Greek frontier, xii 37, 403; insurrection
in (1877-8), 391; 392; war in, 421;
Turkish evacuation of, 422; 428
Theux de Meyland, Barth^lemi Theodore,
Belgian statesman, xi 669 sq.
Thevenot, Melchisedec, traveller, v 740
Thiard, Comte Henri-Charles de, vm 112
Thibaudeau, Comte Antoine-Claire de, vni
386, 397, 488, 507, 515; ix 151-2
Thibault, cure of Souppes (Nemours), vin
179
Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, jurist, xn
819
Thibaw, King of Burma, xn 479
Thibet. See Tibet
Thi6bault, Paul-C.-F.-A.-H.-D., French
general, vm 653
Thielmann, J. A., General, and the Belgian
campaign, ix 631; at Waterloo, 637
sqq.
Thiene, Count Gaetano da (founder of the
Oratory of Divine Love), ii 23, 379, 640,
648
Thierry, Amedee-S.-D., French historian,
XII 830
Baron Charles de, in New Zealand,
XI 793
Jacques- Nicolas -Augustin, x 102;
514; XI 523; xn 830 sq.
Thiers, Louis- Adolphe, x 95 sq. ; Spanish
policy of, 237; 379; and the revolution
of 1830, 477; supports Casimir Perier,
487; Minister of Interior, 489 sq. ; 492;
494 ; foreign policy of, 495 sq. ; and
Algeria, 503 sq. ; 505 ; and opposition
to Mole, 507 sqq.; Ministry of, 513;
and Turko-Egyptian Question, 566 sqq. ;
resignation of, 570; (1840-8), Vol. xi.
Chap. II passim; 16; 96; Ministry of
(1848), 98 sq.; elected to Constituent
Assembly, 110; 114; 119; President of
Education Commission, 120; 128; 131;
opposes Louis-Napoleon, 133; arrested,
136; 467; in opposition, 475, 477; 479
sqq.; opposes declaration of war, 495;
mission of, to European Courts, 497, 611 ;
498; and peace negotiations, 500, 612;
501 ; and Paris Commune, 503 sqq. ; 506;
XII 91 sqq.; 95; President of French
Eepublic, 103 ; 104 sqq. ; and Mon-
archists, 107; succeeded by MacMahon,
108; 110; death of , 111; 114; 135; 140;
and Eanke, 825; writings of, x 514, xi
624, 832 sqq.
Thijssen, Vice-Admiral Martin, rv 707 sq.
Thile, Ludwig Gustav von, Prussian general
and statesman, xi 51
Thionville, captured by Guise (1558), n 93,
361 ; restored by France (1559) , 93 ; siege
of (1643), IV 595; ceded to Germany, xn
95
Thirlby, Thomas, Bishop of Norwich and
Ely, n 475; First Prayer-Book and,
484; 502, 513, 643
Thirlwall, Connop, Bishop of St David's,
xn 836
Thirty Years' War, The, in 181, 395 ; char-
acter of, 568; 696; see Vol. iv, especially
Chap. I, The Outbreak, 1-34; Chap, n.
The Valtelline (1603-39), |?assim, 35-63;
Chap, ra, The Protestant Collapse (1620-
30), 64-117 ; Chap, iv, Richelieu, passim,
129-50; Chap, vi, Gustavus Adolphus
(1630-2), 190-222; Chap, vn, Wallen-
Btein and Bernard of Weimar, 223-55;
Chap. XIII, The later years of the War,
364-94 ; Chap, xiv. The Peace of West-
phalia, 395-433; also Chaps, xxi and
xxin passivi; v 339; 341; 348; 372;
637 sq.; 645; 657
Thirty-Nine Articles, The (1563), n 587;
ni 740 ; and the Westminster Assembly,
IV 358-9. See also Prayer Book
Thistlewood, Arthur, x 576 sq. ; 582
Tholen, defeat of John of Nassau near
(1631), IV 695
Thomar, oath of allegiance of Portuguese
Cortes to Philip at (1581), iii 500
Costa Cabral, Count of, Portuguese
statesman, x 339 ; xi 572 ; takes refuge
in Spain, 573; 574
Thomas, Charles, editor of the National,
X 499
Clement, French general, xi 109;
501
George Henry, vii 463, 495 ; at
Chickamauga, 509 sq., 523; succeeds
Eosecrans, 510; and campaign in west
(1864), 520; and the campaign in Ten-
nessee, 523 sqq., 528
Jean- Jacques, French deputy, vm 247
Pierre-Emile, French politician, xi
111
William, execution of, n 528
Thomasius, Christian, philosopher, v 758;
760
Thom^, Thomas, grenadier, vin 687
Thomond, Donough O'Brien, 4th Earl of,
III 604
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of.
Baron Inchiquin, in 583 sq., 587
Thompson, David, New England settler,
VII 21
Jacob, VII 447
Joseph, African traveller, xn 658;
812
General Index.
599
Thompson, Perronet, and working classes
of Bolton, XII 730
William, economic theories of, x
780 sq.
Thomsen, Vilhelm, Danish philologist, xn
292
Thomson, James, poet, VI 77; 823; 827 sq.;
830 ; X 698 ; 724
Sir Joseph John, physicist, xn 788 ;
790
Thorbecke, Johan Eudolf , Dutch statesman,
XI 662 sq.; Ministry of, 664 sq.; returns
to office, 666 sq.; death of, 667; 668;
XII 243
Thor6, William de Montmorency, Seigneur
de, ni 22 sq., 26, 28, 32
Thoreau, Henry David, vii 739, 745 sq.
Thorild, Thomas, Swedish poet, vin 789
Thorkildsson, Olaf. See Bergen, Bishop of
Thorn, Peace of (1411), v 633; the Second
Peace of (1466), i 293, v 634 ; capitulates
to Charles X (1655), iv 428; Treaty of
(1709), V 602, 604; 638; siege of
(1703), 592; Prussian League and, 634;
♦• Charitable Conference " at (1645), 743 ;
captured by Eussia, vi 196; 291; 669;
671; Prussia and, 708 sq.; 734; Prussia's
designs on, viii 293, 330, 333, 523 sqq.;
ceded to Prussia (1793), 635, 551; Ney
and Bemadotte at, ix 284 ; French base
at (1807), 287; Archduke Ferdinand and,
354 ; fortress of, 511 ; ceded to Prussia
(1815), 598, 655, x 463
Thomdike, Herbert, of Cambridge, mss by,
I 616 ; V 331
Thornton, Sir William, lieutenant-general,
vn346
•' Thorough," breakdown of Charles and
Wentworth's policy of, iv 285; Boling-
broke's policy of, v 474
Thorpe, Benjamin, historian, xii 835
Thorwaldsen, Albert Bertel, sculptor, and
Pius Vn, X 151 ; XI 692
Thou, Franpois-Auguste de, executed, iv 151;
156
Jacques- Auguste de (Thuanus), in 64
Thouars, customs of, v 13; captured by the
Vendeans, vm 340
Thouret, Jacques-Guillaume, French poli-
tician, vin 183
Thouvenel, Edouard-Antoine, French
Foreign Minister, xi 387; 474; 634;
xn 19
Thouvenot, Pierre, French general, vm 417,
419
Thrace, conquered by Turks, i 67; xii 381;
393; Treaty of Berlin and, 398; 428
Three Rivers, trading-post at, vii 76 sq., 94
Throckmorton, Francis, iii 290; 301
Sir Nicholas, plot of, against Mary,
n 644 ; ambassador in France, 673, 576 ;
ni 2, 264, 276
Throgmorton. See Throckmorton
Thucydides, Hobbes' translation of, vi 792
Thiingen, General, at Speyerbach, v 408
Thugut, Baron Franz Maria, Austrian
statesman, vi 634; vm 419, 429, 536,
644 ; and Partition of Poland, 548 sqq. ;
and Great Britain, 559, 583, 642 sq.;
634, 643, 645; and Second Coalition,
660 sq., 664; attitude of, towards re-
form, 777 ; IX 56 ; 65 ; Foreign Minister,
248; 315, 591
Thumery, Marquis de, ix 30
Thun, military school at, xi 239
Thunberg, Daniel af, Swedish architect,
VI 775
Thun-Hohenstein, Count Francis, Austrian
statesman, xn 202 sq.
Count Leo, xi 177 sq. ; Austrian
Minister of Education, 401; 656; xii
176
Thurgau, The, disputed jurisdiction in, i
308; added to Swiss Confederation, n
306; canton of, vi 613; xi 236; 240;
joins Siebnerkonkordat, 242; 243; and
Articles of Baden, 246
Thuringia, Baner in, iv 366 sq., 372, 383;
Gu6briant in, 385 sq.; Prussian army in,
VI 264, 268 ; 269 ; 274 sq. ; revolutionary
movement in, xi 149 sq.
Thuringian States, and Customs' Union,
X 372 sq., 378; support Hanoverian
opposition, 380
Thuriot de la Eosi^re, Jacques Alexis, vin
213, 343, 350 ; on the Comite de Salut
Public, 375
Thurloe, John, Secretary of State, letters
of, IV 443, 448 ; Bill of, 449 ; 451 ; v 146
Thurlow, Edward Thurlow, Lord, Lord
Chancellor, vi 443 sq. ; 450; 457 sq. ;
462; 464; and India Bill, 467; 468;
and Eegency Bill, 474; and Libel Bill,
IX 672; X 625
Thurman, Allen Granbery, American states-
man, vii 653
Thum, Count Francis, m 93
Georg von, Austrian general, xi 86
Count Matthias, in 734; and the
Bohemian succession, iv 15 sqq., 19 sqq.;
commands forces of Bohemia, 21 sqq.;
and Imperial election, 28; and Bethlen
Gabor, 31; 65 sq.; 70 sq.; in Danish
service, 102; in Stockholm, 195 ; 206 sq.;
209; at Niirnberg, 218; Swedish com-
missioner in Silesia, 224, 233; and
Wallenstein, 213, 234 sqq.; imprisoned
and liberated, 237
and Taxis, Prince Maximilian
Charles I (d. 1831), at Diet of Posen
(1827), X 463
and Taxis, Maximilian Charles II,
Prince of, general (1850), xi 230 sq.
and Taxis, Prince of, hereditary
postal administration of, xi 460
Thurot, Frangois, French naval commander.
VI 489
Thusis, IV 37; 41 ; Strafgericht at, 46 sqq.;
51 sq.; 55
Tiagya, Seraskier, defends OchakofE, vi 307
600
General Index.
Tian Shan mountains, 3Ui 793; 804
Tibaldi, Paolo, xi 304
Tibesti mountains, exploration in, xn 811
Tibet, China and, xi 802 ; xii 4; 34; Great
Britain and, 56, 490 sq.; 485; 492; ex-
ploration in, 792 sq., 797 sqq., 802 sqq.
Tichbome, Sir Henry, vf 531
Tichelaer, Willem, and the murder of the
brothers de Witt, v 159
Ticino, canton of, xi 236; 239 sq.; 244;
Eadical agitation in, 246 ; 251
river, crossed by Piedmontese troops,
XI 82; 89
Ticknor, George, vii 745
Ticonderoga, French at, vn 125, 127, 129 ;
Abercrombie attacks (1758), 132, 134 sq.;
Amherst attacks (1759), 137; captured
by colonists (1775), 165 ; evacuated (1777),
214
Tidikelt, French occupation of, xn 129
Tidone, battle on the, vm 657
Tidor, Dutch trade with, in 638 ; attacked
by the Dutch (1605) , iv 733 ; xn 669
Tieck, Ludwig, German poet, x 398 sq.;
and Romantic School, 401 sqq.; 405;
407 sq.; xi 411; 417; xn 818
Tiedge, Christoph August, German poet,
X 394
Tiefenbach, Field-Marshal von, iv 199; 209
Tieken de Terhove, de, Belgian general, x
541 sq.
Tielemans, editor of Le Beige, x 532
Tiding, occupied by Japanese, xn 598
Tienhoven, Cornells van, Dutch statesman,
xn 246
Tientsin, massacre at, xi 804, 814; 812;
817; occupied by Allies, 818; 819 sq.;
railway at, xn 505 sq.; 509; 515; foreign
settlements at, besieged, 519 ; 520 ; 526 ;
567 ; Boxer movement at, 675
Treaty of (1858), xi 807, 817, xn
485, 500, 523, 796; (1884), 131; (1885),
132
Tiepolo, Bajamonte, conspiracy of, i 261,
273
Giovanni-Battista, Venetian artist,
I 284
Jacopo, Doge of Venice, i 269
Tiemey, George, leads opposition, ix 676,
681, X 574; 580; joins Canning, 591
Tierra del Fuego, boundary question in,
XII 679
Tietzen, General von, enters Cassel, xi 230
Tifernas, Gregory, Greek lecturer in Paris,
1575
Tifiis, Russia and, x 175
Tigri, Italy and, xn 241
Tilburg, death of William II of Holland
at, XI 664
Tilbury, camp ordered at, in 530
Tilden, Samuel Jones, Governor of New
York, vn 645
Tilley, Canadian politician, xi 775
Tillot, Guillaume Leon du. Marquis de
Felino, Minister at Parma, vin 778
Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury,
V 332 ; 334 ; 752 sq.
Tilly, Count Claude van, v 159
Count John Tzerklaes von, m 573 ;
enters Upper Austria, iv 34; and the
b.attle of Prague, 65 sq.; 71; 78 sq.;
victories of, at Wimpfen and Hochst,
80 sq.; takes Heidelberg, 82; 85 sq.;
remaining campaigns of, 91-102, 115,
214 ; besieges and takes Magdeburg, 201
sqq.; Imperial plenipotentiary at Liibeck,
108 sq.; 208; driven into Bavaria, 213 ;
death of, 214 ; 642
Tilsit, Peace of (1807), ix 195, 235, 292-9,
304, 329, 340; secret articles of, 304 sqq.;
Turkey and, 308, 311, 385, 485; Prussia
and, 327, 508; Poland and, 337; and
Continental System, 364, 366, 379, 428;
return of Napoleon from, 136, 237; Russian
army crosses Niemen at, 291; Queen
Louisa of Prussia at, 292, 308, 336 ; Con-
ference at, 388
Timasheff, A., Russian Minister of the In-
terior, XII 298; 300
Timbuktu, the English and, iv 759 ; xn 3 ;
French occupation of, 129, 659 ; 805 sqq.;
Alexander Laing at, 808 ; Barth at, 810 ;
812
Times, The, x 365 ; opposes Poor Law Bill,
662 ; 666 sqq.; and Parnell, xn 86
Timiryazeff , Russian Minister of Commerce,
xn 380
Timmerman, Franz, in Russia, v 520
Timok river, and the frontier question,
xn 407
Timotheevich, Ermak, Cossack chief, v 495
Timur (Tamerlane), Mongol conqueror, v
479 ; VI 506 ; 509
Ting, Chinese admiral, xn 612
Tinn^, Alexine, African traveller, xn 811
Tinta, Indian revolt in (1780), x 266
Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti), i 284
Tippecanoe, Indians defeated at (1811), vn
389
Tipperary, "undertakers" in, m 599
Catholic demonstrations in, x 648 sq.
Tipu, Sultan of Mysore, vi 469; 475 ; 677
vin 608 ; rx 363 ; relations of, with the
Nizam, 710; 714 sqq.; with Sindhia, 720
power of, 720 sqq.; death of, 723
Tirah valley, campaign in, xn 488 sq.
Tirano, iv 35 sq.; strategical importance
of, 39 ; 41 ; massacre in, 49 ; 50 sq.; 58 ;
Rohan at, 61
Tirard, Pierre-Emmanuel, French states-
man, XII 119
Tiris, Spain and, xn 660
Tirlemont, engagement near (1705), v 414;
Austrians repulsed at (1793), vin 420
Tirso de Molina (Gabriel Tellez), iv 662
Tiryns, excavations in, xn 845
Tissot, Pierre -Francois, excluded from
College of France, x 73
Tisza, Koloman, Hungarian statesman, xu
190 sq.; Ministry of, 197 sqq.; 203 sq.
General Index.
601
Tisza, Count Stephen, Hungarian stafes-
man, xn 204 sq.; 207
Titelman, Peter, iii 194
Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) of Cadore, i 284
Titicaca, Lake, Peruvian settlements round,
I 45
Tiumen, founded by Cossacks, xii 794
Tizin, Afghans defeated at, xi 735
TkachefP, Eussian revolutionary, xn 303
Tlaxcallan (settlement of the Nahuatlacd),
I 39, 41 sq.
Tlaxcaltecs, The, join Cortes as allies,
I 42
Tobago, the Earl of Warwick and, iv
758; captured by English (1665), v
110; Dutch in, 151, 687; captured by
French (1677), 688; vi 185 sq. ; 322;
assigned to Great Britain, 428 ; reduced
by de Grasse (1781), 453 ; restored to
France (1783), 464, ix 748; proposed
cession of, to Great Britain, viii 297 ;
captured by British (1793), 484, ix 749;
again reduced (1803) , 240 ; retained by
Great Britain, 564, 576, 755; government
of, XII 656 sq.
Tobolsk, V 494; iron mines of, 533; founded
by Cossacks, xii 794
Tocco, Neapolitan family of (rulers of
Cephalonia, etc.), i 81
Tochi valley, rising in, xii 488 sq.; 490
Tocqueville, Alexis-Charles-Henri Cl^rel de,
quoted, viii 8, 21, 41, 46; writings of, x
514; XI 96; 112; 115; 125 sqq.; and
Louis-Napoleon, 133 sq.; 524; xii 833
Todd, Elliott D'Arcy, British Besident at
Herat, xi 733
Todleben, Franz Eduard Ivanovich, Eussian
general at Sevastopol, xi 318
Todtleben, Eussian general (1760), vi 326
Tokolyi, Count Emeric, leader of the
Hungarian revolt, v 35; 352; 355 sqq.;
marriage of, 358; revolt by, ih.\ 359;
attacks Pressburg, 361 ; 363 ; visits Sultan
Mohammad IV, 364; in Transylvania,
369; defeat of, 366; 371
Stephen, v 351 sq.
Tonning, v 580; captured by Danes (1714),
582; Stenbock in, i6., 609
Topfier, Eodolphe, Swiss writer, xi 261
Toplitz. See Teplitz
Torok, Valentine, Hungarian Lutheran, i340
Torring, Count Ignaz Felix von, Bavarian
general, vi 233
Toggenburg, the Empire and, vi 613 sqq.
House of, IV 36; 55
Togo, Heihachiro, Japanese admiral, xn
522; at Port Arthur, 580 sq., 585 sq. ;
589 sq.; 595 sq.; defeats Eozhdestvensky,
599; 600 sq.
Togoland, Germany and, xii 3, 160, 659
sq.
Toiras, Jean de Saint-Bonnet, Seigneur de,
Marshal of France, at E6, iv 132
Tokar, capitulates, xii 441; 443
Tokat, Armenian massacres at, xn 418
Tokay, attacked by Maximilian's troops,
ni 125; submits to Emperor Leopold I,
V 366
Tokio {see also Yedo), xi 862 sqq.; Kim-ok
Kiun at, xii 510; 543; 545; National
Council at, 547; 548; 560; 563
Tokmash, Shah of Persia, v ^44
Tokugawa dynasty, in Japan, xn 538
family, xi 825
Tolain, Henri-Louis, French politician, xii94
Toland, John, in Hanover, vi 8
Tolbooth, Town Council of Edinburgh
confined in, ni 268
Toldy, Francis, Hungarian writer, xi 426;
431
Toledo, Parliament in, in 485; depopulation
of, V 376; 381; French troops in (1808),
IX 435; re-occupied by French (1812),
475; evacuated (1813), 477; 478
Toledo, Archbishops of: —
Archduke Albert, in 699
Alfonso Carillo d' Acuna, i 355, 651
Bartolom^ Carranza, n 377, 404;
the Inquisition and, 409 sq. ; in 426; 480
Alonso Fonseca, n 401
Loaysa, ni 526
Juan Martinez Siliceo, i 657
See also Ximenes, Cardinal, and
Mendoza, Pedro Gonzalez de. Cardinal
Toledo, Eleanora de. Duchess of Florence,
n 72
Fadrique de, at Bahia, rv 704 sq.
Francisco, Viceroy of Peru, x 244;
and the mita of Potosi, 264
Frederick of, in 18, 215, 231, 234-7,
520
Garcia de. Viceroy of Sicily, m 125,
489
Juan de. Cardinal, n 85
■ Pedro de (d. 1553). See Villafranca,
Marquis of
■ Pedro de, Governor of Milan. See
Ferandina
Father, ra 445, 448
Tolentino, Treaty of (1797), vm 581, 637,
1x603, X 132; battle of (1815), ix 621
Toleration, influence of discovery of New
World upon, i 47 sqq.; in pre-Ee-
formation period, of free discussion,
etc., 624 sqq.; and the Politiques, in
7 sq.. Chap, i. The Eeligious Wars in
France, 1-52 passim ; and the Eeligious
Peace of Augsburg (1555), 140 sqq.,
754 sq.; Bacon's plea for, 347; the
Vaudois question and, 403 sqq.; WHliam
of Orange an advocate of, 238, 244;
rejected by both parties in the revolt of
the Netherlands, 251 ; attitude of Dutch
Church parties towards, 646 sqq.; and
Edict of Nantes, 675 sqq.; as conceived
by Henry IV, 692; character of English
Toleration Act, 754; in 16th century
political thought generally, see Chap.
XXII, passim, especially 740, 753 sqq.:
m the Empire, no real or integral part of
602
General Index,
the Treaty of Westphalia, rv 410 sqq.; in
England, and Cromwell, and Instru-
ment of Government, etc., 453 sqq.; in
France, under Eichelieu, 156-7; in Bran-
denburg, under Great Elector, v 648;
in 17th century England, Chap, xi, Eeli-
gious Toleration in England [see England] ;
also ib. 96, 98 sqq.; Charles II and,
201 sq.; 209; James 11 and, 234 sq.,
237; Act of 1689, 259, 336 sq.; William
III and, 277; changed feeling in France
in regard to (1655-85) , 21 sqq.; in Hungary,
357; in Eussia, under Peter the Great,
529; in Scotland, vi 94 sqq.; the Act of
1712, 95; in early 18th century, 79 sqq.;
in Prussia, under Frederick William I,
226; and Eoman Catholic relief, 454
sq.; and Protestant dissent, 455; in Ire-
land, in late 18th century, 489; in
Austria, Joseph II's views in regard to,
628; Patent of Tolerance, 635 sq. ; in
Belgium, Joseph II's Patent of Tolerance
(1781), 649; in Eussia, Catharine 11 and,
693; Locke on, 813 sq.; of 18th century
France, vin 56; French law in regard to
heretics in age of Eevolution, 727 sq.,
732 sqq. ; of Irish Catholics and the
Union, ix 678 sqq., 693 sqq., but see
Chap, xxn passim; in Great Britain,
Catholic Belief Bill passed, x 593; see
Chap. XIX, 620-54
Toll, Johan Kristoffer, Swedish statesman,
VI 770 ; 776 sqq.
General von, advice of, ix 492; 497,
499
ToUens, Hendrik, Dutch poet, xi 676
Tolosa, captured by French (1794), vm
440
Tolstoi, General A. I. See Ostermann-
Tolstoi
Count Fiodor, x 427
Count Lyof, Eussian writer, xi 650
sqq.; xn 13; 317
Count Peter Alexandrovich, Eussian
ambassador, ix 308-9; 316, 320
Count Peter Andryevich, and Tsare-
vich Alexis, v 539 sq. ; 549; 552 sq.; at
Stambul, 593; 603 sq.; 612; vi 302
Tolstoi, Count Dmitry, Eussian Minister
of Public Instruction, xii 295; 298 sq. ;
dismissed, 309; Minister of Interior,
313 sqq. ; and peasant administration,
318 sq.; 320; 376
Toltecs, The (Mexican tribe), i 40
Tomasevic, Stephen. See Stephen Tomas-
evic, King of Bosnia
Tomkins, Thomas, chaplain to Archbishop
Sheldon, v 331
Tommaseo, Niccol5, x 126; xi 76; release
of, 82; 83; writings of, 545
Tomory, Paul, Archbishop of Kalocsa, de-
fence of Hungary against Turks by,
1 96 sq., 339
Tompa, Michael, Hungarian poet, xi 428;
430
Tomsk, emigration to, xi 273; post-road
through, XII 792; 794
Tone, Theobald Wolfe, vm 475 sq., 498,
771 sq.; pamaphlet of, ix 694; 697; death
of, 702; founder of United Irishmen,
X 628; 631
Tonga, British protectorate over, xn 667 sq.
Tong-Haks, The, Korean rebels, xn 510
Tong Kingsing, and Chinese railways, xn
505
Tonk State, The, xi 725
Tonkin, France and, xn 131 sq., 503, 506,
523 sqq. ; rivers of, explored, 797 ; 803
Tonnage and Poundage, levy of, under
Charles I, iv 266, 271, 281; BiU for
regulating, 291
Tonnay-Charente, taken by Mayenne, in 32
Tooke, John Home (John Home), vi 441;
444; vin 755; trial of, 761; 765; member
for Old Sarum, ix 681
Thomas, and free trade, x 771 ; career
and writings of, 783
Toombs, Eobert, vn 603; Confederate Secre-
tary of State, 604
TopchibashefE, Eussian Mussulman, xii 344
Topete, Juan Bautista, Spanish admiral,
XI 569 sq.
Torbay, William of Orange lands at, v 246
Torcello, Domenico di Domenichi, Bishop
of, I 647, 674
Torcy, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de,
French Secretary of State, v 394; and
the peace negotiations, 417, 422 sq., 427,
430, 440; 472; vi 98
Tordenskiold, Peter, Danish admiral, v 583
Tordesillas, Treaty of, vi 390
Torell, Otto, Swedish man of science, xn
280
Torelli, Giuseppe (Ciro d'Arco), Italian
writer, xi 65
Lelio, m 388
Toreno, Jos^ Maria Queipo de Llano, Conde
de, Spanish statesman, x 219; 221; 234;
236 sq.
Torfou-TiSauges, battle of, vin 353
Torgau, Philip of Hesse and Elector of
Saxony at, n 195; Formula, in 179;
conference at (1576), 704; alliance of,
712-3; John George and, iv 204; 211;
Ban^r at, 373 sq.; 390; vi 265; 267 sq.;
273; battle of, 296; surrender of (1813),
IX 518; ceded to Prussia (1815), 598
Tormassoff, Eussian general, commands
reserve (1812), ix 489; at Lutsk, 490;
commands main army, 497 ; 501 sqq.
Tormes river, British army on, ix 475
Tomabuoni, Lorenzo, Medicean partisan,
I 175 sq.
Toro, battle of (1476), i 352
Toronto, captured by Americans (1813),
VII 341 ; failure of Mackenzie's march on,
X 692; University of, xi 778; industries
of, xn 612
Torquemada, John of, De Potestate Fapae^
in 736 sq., 744
General Indeoc.
603
, Tomas de, Grand Inquisitor
I 359 sq., 649; ii 650
Torquemada
in Spain,
Torre, Count da, at Pemambuco, iv 708
Giulio della. See Delia Torre
Torrecusa, Marquis of, at Monjuich, rv 649
Torrens, Sir Eobert Richard, xi 797
Torres, Lozano de, Spanish Secretary of
Justice, X 212
Yedras, lines of, ix 456, 459; Mas-
sdna at, 460; rebels defeated at, xi 572
Torresano, Andrea, of Asola, Venetian
printer, i 284
Torricelli, Evangelista, experiments of, iv
794; V 715
Torrigiani, Cardinal, Minister of Clement
Xm, VI 592
Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of,
Admiral, v 242 sq. ; 245 ; 261
George Byng, Viscount, in Baltic,
VI 28; annihilates Spanish fleet, 32 sq.,
104; 93
Torstensson, Lennart, Count of Ortala,
Swedish general, iv 366; at Kyritz, 367;
at Wittstock, 372; in command, 386;
invades Denmark, 387; 388 sqq.; Oxen-
stiema and, 569 ; 571 ; Charles X and,
676, 582; 584 sq.; v 609
Torti, Giovanni, x 126
Tortona, occupied by French (1499), 1 121;
VI 155 ; MaiUebois' forces at, 245 ; occupied
by French (1796), vm 667
Tortosa, captured by Philip IV (1650), iv
661; Franco- Spanish capture of (1708),
V 426; French attack upon (1810-1), ix
464-5
Tosa, daimio and clan of, Vol. xi, Chap.
xxvm (2) passim; xn 662
Toscanelli, Paul del Pozzo, Colombo and,
I 20 sq.
Toski, dervishes defeated at, xii 443
Toth, Kalman, Hungarian poet, xi 430
Totleben , Governor- General of Odessa (1879) ,
xn307
Tott, Baron Frangois de, in Turkey, vi
355
Swedish general, at Rostock, iv 207 ;
220
Touaregs, The, attack French outposts, xn
129
Touat, French occupation of, xn 129
Touchet, Marie, in 14
Toul, occupied by Henry II (1552), n 87,
144; bishopric of, and France, rv 404,
602 1 XI 592; captured by the Germans,
600
Toulon, Christian slaves sold at, n 77;
Eupert and Maurice at, iv 465; develop-
ment of, V 14; Tourville at, 61 sq.; 183;
Marlborough's designs on, 412, 414; 413;
attacked by Prince Eugene (1707), 419;
426; the plague at, VI 128; 160; 236 sq.;
239; fortifications at, 350; French fleet
intercepted at, vii 132; riot at, viii 192,
448; surrenders to English (1793), 348,
431, 437, 467 sq.; recaptured, 352 sq.,
458; "White Terror" at, 387; blockaded,
460; French and Spanish fleets at, 461;
Napoleon sails from (1798), 697, 620;
Eussian expedition fitted out at, ix 40;
French fleet at, 53; 210, 212; British
blockade of 1803, 211, 214 sq. ; Nelson
and, 216 ; French ships at, 219 ; Allemand
at, 237; British at (1809), 238-9; Murat
escapes to, 622; Lowe at, 760; xi 117;
137 ; French expedition leaves for Greece,
313; 485; Eussian fleet at, xn 9, 98
Toulouse, bourse started at, n 65 ; Edicts of
(1538-42), 288; University of , 95; Parle-
ment of, in 6, v 4, vni 47; the League
and, ni 661, 664, 668; battle of (1814),
IX 482; royalists in (1816), 617; Com-
mune at, XI 603
Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon (son of
Louis XIV and Mme Montespan), Count
of, VI 129 sq.
Countess of, vi 164
Archbishop of. See Lom^nie de
Brienne
Touraine, customs of, v 13
Tournay, surrendered to England (1513),
I 481, 483; captured by English (1521),
n 44, by Imperialists (1521), 102, 419;
Parlement of, v4; 48; taken by French
(1667) , 199 ; captured by Allies (1709), 424
sq.; 428; 434; Barrier Treaties and, 457
sqq.; fall of (1745), vi 242
Toiirnebus. See Turnebus
Tournebut, royalist sympathy at, ix 136
Tournon, Francois de. Cardinal, Minister
of Francis I, n 97, 288, 290, 293
Tours, Synod of French clergy at (1510),
I 135, n 29; Estates of (1484), i 387,
399, 403 ; silk trade of, 414 ; Henry IV
withdraws to, in 48; Parlement of, 659,
663; tax collectors imprisoned in, v 8;
XI 498; army corps organised at, 602
Tourville, Anne-Hilarion de Costentin,
Comte de, French admiral, v 68 sq.;
61 sq.; 261; 412 sq.
Toussain, Jacques, ni 53
Toussaint, Anna Louise Gertrude, Dutch
novelist, xi 676
Toutsch, Bonaventura, rv 52; death of,
56
Tovar, de. Governor of La Goleta, m 114
Towerson, Gabriel, r/ 739
Townley, Francis, Jacobite, vi 114
Towns, the Flemish, decline of, in 15fch
century, and its causes, i 428 sqq. ; Ger-
man, development of, under Maximilian I,
327; and modern trade routes, 502;
and capitalists, 506; and development
of mining in Germany, 506 sq. ; the
Italian, and modern economic changes.
Chap XV, Economic Change, passim, and
especially 515 sq. ; reasons for decline of
certain great cities of the Middle Ages,
629 sq. ; Congress of cities at Speier, n
152 sq. ; decay of German, 279. See Han-
seatio League, Bheinbund, etc., and
604
Creneral Index.
individual place names, but also for later
modem conditions, Vol. xn, Chap, xxin,
Social Movements, passim, 730-65
Townshend, Charles Townshend, 2nd Vis-
count, V 422 sq.; signs first Barrier
Treaty, 424; 427; 432; and Whig party,
466; VI 16; 18; Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, 22; dismissed, 27; 39;
41 ; 57 ; and Gibraltar, 58 ; forms Hanover
Alliance, 59; dismissed, 60; 61; and
Jacobite rising, 102; 417; vn 147
Charles, VI 430; 435; Chancellor of
the Exchequer, 436 ; 437 ; death of (1767),
438; VII 152, 154
George Townshend, 4th Viscount and
1st Marquis, vi 438; 440; 464; Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, 492 sqq. ; vii 137,
141
Thomas, Viscount Sydney. See
Sydney
Tractarian movement, x 657 ; xi 5 sq. ;
reflected in literature, 348 sq. ; 354;
results of, 709 sqq.
Tracton, stormed by Fitzmaurice (1569), ni
595
Tracy, Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de,
vn 80 sq.
Antoine-Louis-Claude Destutt, Comte
de, IX 132
Trade and Industry, Arabian, the Asiatic
trade, i 27 sqq.
Austro-Hungarian, recent arrange-
ments in regard to, xii 204
the Baltic commerce, vi 24
Belgian, effect of English use of
machinery on, xi 670; in recent years,
XII 255 sq.
in Brandenburg, under the Great
Elector, v 646 sq.
Chinese, i 27 sqq. ; Vol. xi. Chap.
xxvni, 802-23 passim; Vol. xn, Chap,
xvii, 500-22 passim
Danish, under Christian VI, vi 738
sq.; under Struensee, 748; 752; in the
late 19th century, xii 291 sq.
Dutch, first in the world at close of
the great war with Spain, in 630 sqq.;
in 1652, IV 467 sq. ; colonial, in the
earlier half of 17th century, 703 sqq.;
of recent years, xn 249
in the Empire, in the early 17th
century, iv 7 sq. ; after the Thirty Years'
War, 417 sqq.
English, extension of, in the New
World, I 33 sq., see Chap, ii; for the
break-up of the medieval systems of, see
Chap. XV, Economic Change, passim, but
especially 521 sqq.; and the dissolution
of the monasteries, n 468 sq. ; in the
time of Edward VI, 489 sqq. ; under
Elizabeth, in 355 sqq. ; trading voyages
under Henry VIII and Elizabeth, 294 sqq.;
commerce and colonisation under James I,
562; growth of, as shown in revenue,
667; 569 sq.; 1652, iv 467 sq.; colonial.
English and Dutch especially. Chap, xxv
passim, The transference of Colonial
Power to the United Provinces and Eng-
land, 728-59; Council of Trade formed
(1660), V 107; commercial negotiations
with Portugal, ib. ; and the Revolution of
1689, 263 sqq. ; Board of Trade constituted
with permanent staff, 264; under Wal-
pole, VI 44 sqq. ; in the English colonies
in America, vn 56, 67 sq. ; trade regula-
tions in, 104 sqq. ; external trade and
English regulation, 182 sqq., 204; treaty
with France (1786), vin 284 sqq. ; factory
legislation and distress in (1802-12), ix
691 sq. ; in India, under Wellesley, 729;
after Wars of the Revolution, x 575 sqq. ;
with colonies in the early 19th century,
586 sqq.; in general, 588 sqq., see also
Colonies; Chap, xxin passim, 727-62;
Chap. XXIV, The British Economists, ^^a*-
sim, 763-84 ; Vol. xi. Chap, i, GreatBritain
and Free Trade (1841-52), 1-21; and
Gladstone's financial policy, 311; Cob-
den's commercial treaty with France,
333 sq.; colonial, 762 sqq., 776, 787 sq.,
795 sqq.; with China and Japan, see
Chap. XXVIII passim; Employers' Liability
Acts, Unemployed Workmen's Act, etc.,
XII 61 ; growth of trade in recent years,
63; in Malay States, 533; with Siam,
535 ; the principle of cooperation in, 739
sqq.; with her colonies, Chap, xx, 602-71
Trade and Industry, European in general,
world-wide extension of, in Africa, the
East, and to America, by Genoese, Portu-
guese, Spanish, English, and French, Vol.
I, Chap. I, The Age of Discovery, 1-36,
and Chap, n, The New World, 37-66;
from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Chap.
XV, Economic Change, 493-531 ; and the
colonisation of the chief European na-
tions, see Vol. V, Chap, xxii passim; Vol.
X, Chap, xxin passiin, 727-62 ; and China
and Japan (1815-72), see Vol. xi. Chap,
xxviii passim; xn 12 sq.; Chap, xvii. The
Far East, 500-33; Colonial in general,
Chap. XX passim, 602-71
Flemish, decline of, in the 15th
century, i 429
Florentine and Tuscan, under
Cosimo de' Medici, iii 392 sq.; under
Ferdinand de' Medici, 398 sq.
French, extension of, in the New
World, Vol. I, Chap, n ; revival in, after
English Wars, 414; for the break-up
of the medieval systems of, see Chap, xv.
Economic Change, passim, but especially
503 sqq., 525 sqq.; under Henry IV, in
694; under Richelieu, iv 153; under
Colbert, v 10 sqq. ; French Canadian, vi 85
sqq., 90 sqq.; trade regulations, 104 sqq.;
under Choiseul, 350 sq. ; treaty with
England (1786), viii 284 sqq.; Napoleon's
economic policy, ix 120 sqq.; 142 sq.;
375 sqq.; see also Continental System;
General Index,
605
from 1830, x 493 ; under Napoleon III, xi
299 sqq.; and Cobden Treaty, 470 sq.;
of recent years, xn 100 sqq.; with Siam,
536
Trade and Industry, German, and new
imperial taxation (1522), n 152 sq. ;
struggle for commercial supremacy in
Baltic, 227 sqq. ; and Bismarck, xii 152
sqq.; since 1870, 168 sqq. See also
Zollverein
Indian, internal trade (1717-62), vi
659 sq. See also East India Company
Irish , ni 579 ; for the ' ' land ' ' question ,
plantations, etc., Chap. xvni ^jassiw; linen
industry ruined by English legislation, v
264 sq. ; Irish woollen industry likewise
crippled, 322 sq.; effects of the destruction
of the woollen industry, vi 482 sqq.; linen
industry, »&.; distress of 1776, 495; pro-
posals to meet it and indignation in
England, 496 sq.; withdrawal of oppo-
sition, 498; trade distress, 502 sq.; Pitt's
project of Commercial Union, 503 sq.
Italian in general. Vol. i. Chap, xv.
Economic Change, 'passim, hut especially
515 sqq. ; under Cavour's administration,
XI 371 ; and the Minghetti Ministry, 638 ;
of recent years, xn 235 sqq.
Japanese, Vol. xi. Chap, xxvni, 823-
65 passim
in Netherlands generally, at close of
the Middle Ages, i 420; from 14th to
16th centuries, see Chap, xv. Economic
Change, passim, but especially 507 sqq.,
521
Norwegian, in late 19th century,
xn 280 sq.; and Swedish, the freeing of,
XI 688
in the Papal States, under Consalvi,
X 136 sq.
Polish, in 16th century, i 346; after
1815, X 449
Portuguese, enormous extension of,
in Africa and America, see Vol. i. Chaps, i
and II, The Age of Discovery and The
New World; see also Chap, xv. Economic
Change, passim; since 1871, xii 269
Prussian, under Frederick William I,
VI 224 sqq.; under Frederick the Great,
715, 719 sqq.; legal reforms affecting, ix
330 sq.
Eussian, under Peter the Great, v
633 sq., 543 sq. , 549, 555 ; under Catharine
II, VI 691 sq. ; in 19th century, xi 269
sqq. ; from 1858, xn 301 ; from 1880, 319
sqq.; in Siberia, 345; England and, 380
Savoyard, at the accession of Em-
manuel Philibert, in 400; under his
policy, 409 sq.
Spanish, enormous extension of,
especially in the New World, see Vol. i.
Chaps. I, The Age of Discovery, and n, The
New World ; home products and home and
foreign trade at the close of the 15th cen-
tury, 356 sqq.; Saracen industry in Spain,
G. M. H.
383 ; see also Chap, xv. Economic Change,
passim, but especially 518 sqq. ; under
Charles V, ii 100 sq. ; in New World,
suffers from English seamen under Henry
VIII and Elizabeth, in 294 sqq.; under
Philip II, 481 sq.; English and French
smuggling in Spanish America, 492 sq.;
effects of Philip's policy on, 495 sq.; 519;
under Philip III, 528, 587; and expul-
sion of the Moriscos, 543 sq.; and the
alcabala, iv 627; under Philip IV and
Olivares, 655 sq. ; in 17th century, v 376;
commercial intercourse with England and
Holland, 378 sq. ; Spanish American,
from 16th century onward, x 254 sqq. ;
growth of, in late 18th century, 275; of
recent years, xn 267 sq.
Trade and Industry, Swedish, under Gus-
tavus Adolphus, iv 187 sq. ; under
Charles XI, v 577 ; xi 688 ; xn 278 sq.
Tuscan, under Peter Leopold, ti
603
of the United States, Vol. vii. Chap, ix,
the struggle after the Kevolution for com-
mercial independence, 305-34 ; after Peace
of Ghent (1814), 350 sqq.; 375; Chap, xn
passim ; 567 ; crisis after Civil War (1873) ,
642 sq.; recovery, 647; Chap. xxii2>a««tm,
687-722
Venetian, Vol. i, Chap, vm passim^
especially 277 sq., 283 sq.; see also Chap.
XV, Economic Change, passim; decay of,
VI 606
Trade Unionism, English, development of,
xn 748 sqq.
Tradition and Scripture, authority of, dis-
cussed at Council of Trent, n 665 sq.
Trafalgar, battle of (1805), ix 193, 210,
230 sqq. ; significance of, 243
Square, demonstration in, xn 43,
47
Trdgala, Spanish patriotic song, x 218
Traherne, Thomas, poet, iv 771
Traietto, Duchess of. See Gonzaga, Julia
Traite de Vhomme, iv 790
simwZe, drafted (1670), V 204 sq.; 212.
See also Dover
Tranent, Cope at, vi 113
Tranquebar, Danish fort at, rv 746
Tranquillo, Andronico, in 118-9
Translations and Translators. See Litera-
ture and the Eenaissance
Transvaal, The, xi 781 sq.; Eepublic of,
785 sq.; discovery of gold in, 787; and
Delagoa Bay, 789; (1877-1906), xn 635
sqq.; 35; War in (1880-1), 39; Jameson
Eaid in, 53; annexed by Great Britain,
54 ; Holland and, 245 ; and Union ques-
tion, 646
Transylvania, the Unitarians of, n 393;
Stephen Bdthory, Prince of, in 91 sqq. ;
Christopher Bathory, Vice-Eegent of, 97;
100 ; John Zapolya's widowed Queen ban-
ished to, 118 ; under Zapolya's Queen and
Martinuzzi, 122; claimed by Ferdinand I,
606
General Index,
123; adjudged by Solyman to Zapolya's
son, %h.\ Beformation in, 147; Archduke
Matthias empowered to act in, 720; and
Turkey, v 36, 40, 344 sqq. ; and the Habs-
burgs, 63, 339 sq. ; precarious independ-
ence of, 339; 352; Duke Charles IV of
Lorraine in, 367; Tokolyi in, 369; 371;
German Order in, 630; 744; Estates of,
X 356; 382; xi 173; Hungary and, 180,
202; Bem in, 204 sqq.; 207; 209;
Austro-Eussian forces in, 211; 213; 215;
reaction in, 217; 399; 538; xiilSO; re-
incorporated into Hungary, 190; 198 sq.
Transylvania, Princes of: —
■ Michael Apaffy, V 345 sq.; 348; and
Hungarian conspiracy, 351 ; 353 ; treaty
of, with France, 354; 355; 367; death
of, 368
Achatius Barczai, v 345
Gabriel Bathory, rv 10
Stephen Bathory, Prince of, and King
of Poland. See Stephen Bathory
Stephen Bocskai, and King of Hun-
gary. See Stephen Bocskai
Bethlen Gabor, Turkish designs con-
cerning, IV 10; established in Transyl-
vania, 11; 24; 26; and Hungary, 28 sqq.;
advance into Hungary and retreat of, 30
sq.; elected King at Pressburg, 64; 66;
68 ; 71 ; makes peace with Emperor, 75 ;
85; 86; in Moravia, 87; 88; marriage
of, 91 ; 96 sqq. ; and Sigismund HI, 189 ;
death of, 194; and Bohemian throne,
233; V 339; xi 421
John Kem^nyi, v 345 sq.
Francis Kak6czy H, v 351 sq. ; 358;
596 ; VI 31 ; 197 ; xi 421
George Rakoczy I, iv 387; 389;
Mazarin and, 602; v 339; 344
George Rakoczy H, repulsed by
Hatzfeldt, iv 429; Charles X and, 580,
583; V 339; 344 sq,; 351
Francis Eedei, named and deposed,
V 344
John Zapolya, King of Hungary.
See John Zapolya, King of Hungary
John Sigismund Zapolya, King of
Hungary. See John Sigismund Zapolya
Trant, Sir Nicholas, brigadier-general in
Portuguese army , occupies Coimbra, ix 461
Trapani, Charles V at, iii 111; citadel of,
VI 153
Count of, XI 553 sq.
Trapezuntius, Georgius (George of Tre-
bizond), translator of Eusebius, i 542,
558, 595, 601
Traquair, Charles Stewart, 4th Earl of, v
290
Charles Stewart, 5th Earl of (succ,
1741), VI 109; 111
Sir John Stewart, 1st Earl of,
Charles I and, iv 498; royal com-
missioner, 503
Trarbach, captured by Marlborough (1704),
v 411
Tras-os-Montes, Wellington sends troops to,
IX 476; risings in (1823), x 316, (1826),
321
Traun, Count Otto Ferdinand, Austrian
general, vi 163; 237; on Rhine, 240;
241
Trautmannsdorff, Prince Ferdinand von,
Minister Plenipotentiary in Austrian
Netherlands, vi 651; viii 320, 329
Count Maximilian von, sent to Wal-
lenstein, iv 238 sqq.; at Pirna, 252;
Imperial plenipotentiary at Miinster, 400,
412
Travail^ L«, French journal, xi 486
Travanoore, vi 475 sq.; attacked by Tipu
(1789), IX 714, 717
Traventhal, Peace of (1700), v 581, 688
Travers, Walter, in 757
Traversari, Ambrogio (d. 1438), i 586;
translations by, from Greek, 595, 601
Trczka, Count Adam Erdmann, Bohemian
politician, and Wallenstein, iv 213, 234;
dismissal of, 240 sq.; murdered at Eger,
242
Treason Act, English (1549), n 496 sq.;
of 1795, IX 675
Treatise of Civil Power , The, rv 643
Trebbia river, battle on (1799), viii 657
Trebizond, fall of (1461), i 78, 103;
surrendered to the Turks, 285; ix 385;
xii 392 sq. ; Armenians massacred at,
417
Treiden, Benigna von, Duchess of Courland.
See Courland
Treilhard, Comte Jean-Baptiste, vni 196
sq., 249, 269; on Comite de Salut Public,
375; Director, 517; at Eastatt, 641, 669;
IX 163 sqq.
Treitschke, Heinrich, German historian and
politician, XI 448; xii8; 146; 828
Treitzsaurwein, Max, Weisskunig, i 326
Trelat, Ulysse, x 485; 492; 501; Minister
of Public Works, xi 111 sq.
Trelawny, Charles, major-general, v 243
Trelaz6, insurrection at, xi 304
Tremaine, secret agent between France and
Elizabeth, ii 576 sq.
Tremblay, Francois du. See Joseph, P^re
Tremellius, John Emmanuel, Italian Pro-
testant refugee in England, ii 391, 477
Tremouille, Louis de La See La Tremouille
Trengganu, Great Britain and, xn 536
Trenholm, George A., Confederate Secretary
of Treasury, vn 604, 613
Trent, Vendome at, v 407 sq.; French army
at (1800), IX 68; Austria receives bishopric
of (1803), 94; Bishop of, deported, 202;
regained by Austria (1815), 660
Council of (1545-63), i 235, 621,
625, 652, 691; ii 33, 77-87; Indulgences
and, 127 ; 168 ; 251 ; removed to Bologna,
260; Queen Elizabeth and, 583, 586
sq.; 661-84; procedure of, 664; Spanish
Bishops at, 665; ni 6 sq. ; Catholic re-
action in Poland and, 81, 83; 126, 145,
General Index,
607
159; significance of, for Catholicism, 162
sqq.; 198 sq., 271, 390; decrees of, 389,
404, 466; v 742; ix 193
Trent, British Mail Steamer, xi 335 sq.
Trent, Bishops of: —
Christoforo Madruzzo, Cardinal-
Bishop of. See Madruzzo
Ludovico Madruzzo, ii 676, 684
Trenton, captured by Washington (1777),
VII 213
Tr^poff, Dmitry, General, xn 295; 305;
Chief Police-Master of Moscow, 331;
Governor-General of St Petersburg, 350 ;
and Moscow Congress, 355 sq.; 358;
dismissed, 359; 362; 368
Tresckow, Hans Ludwig Udo von, German
general, xi 604
Trescorre, Garibaldi at, xi 538
Treslong, William de Blois of. See Blois
Treuenbrietzen, and the False Waldemar,
V 621; Imperial army in, vi 296
Trevelyan, Sir George Otto, Secretary for
Ireland, xii 40; 43 sq. ; 46; Early Life
of Charles James Fox, 841
Treves. See Trier
Trevett, John, and the Force Act, vn 318
Treviso, armistice at (1801), ix 68; xi 86;
captured by the Austrians, 87
Marshal Edouard-A.-C.-J. Mortier,
Due de. See Mortier
Trevor, Sir John, diplomatist, v 153
See Hampden, J. Hampden Trevor
Treworgie, John, Commissioner of New-
foundland, vn 52
Tr6zel, Camille-Alphonse, French general,
X 603 sq.
Trianon, The, Tariff of (August 5, 1810),
IX 372; 375; Napoleon at, 373; Louis
XVm at, 572
Tribune, La, French journal, xi 487
Trichinopoly, vi 540; besieged, 541; 542
Tricou, French Minister at Shanghai, xii
526
Tridon, French politician, xi 602
Triebel, Werth at, iv 392
Triennial Act, repealed (1664), v 98; passed
(1694), 273
Bill (1640-1), IV 290
Trier, Diet of (1512), i 320; siege of (1522),
II 155; and Keligious Peace, iii 142;
Eeformation in, 155; lost by France
(1675^, V 44; occupied by Marlborough
(1704), 411; cessions to Prussia in, ix
657; the "holy coat" of, xi 62
Trier, Electors of: —
Clement Wenceslas, Prince of Poland,
vin 220 sq. ; X 158
Francis George von Schonbom, vi
231
Francis Lewis, Palatine of Neuburg,
VI 202
Jacob of Baden, i 316
Jakob von Eltz, m 155
John of Baden, i 316
John of Isenburg, n 671
Trier, Electors of (contd.) : —
John von der Leyen, in 142; 155;
176, 178; appointed to Commission at
Aachen, 706
John of Metzenhausen, n 220
John Hugo von Orsbeck, v 403
Philip Christopher von Sotem,
IV 84; accepts French Protection, 141
sq.; 144; 210; secures "neutrality,"
215; appeal of, to France, 226, 230;
246; carried off by Spaniards, 251; re-
instated at Peace of Westphalia, 409
Eichard of Greifenklau, war of, with
Sickingen, ii 155 sq.
Trier, Wilhelm Arnoldi, nineteenth century
Bishop of, XI 52
Trieste, vi 153; and Mediterranean trade,
606; 639; retained by Austria (1805),
IX 261; port of, annexed by France
(1809), 418; regained by Austria (1815),
660; Sardinian squadron at, xi 87; 394
Trikoupes, Charilaos, Greek statesman, xii
403; 408; 420; 422
Trimbakji Danglia, Poona Minister, xi 725
Trincomali, captured by Dutch (1673), v
696; VI 454; taken by French, 469
Trinidad, founding of, iv 758 ; the Spaniards
in, V 687; cocoa plantations of, vi 186;
taken by British (1797), viii 484, ix 750;
vni 498; Nelson moves on, ix 225; re-
tained by Great Britain, 75, 77, 752; x
276; Miranda starts from, 281; xu 653
sq. ; government of, 656 sq.
Trinity College, Dublin, foundation of Uni-
versity of, III 611
Trinomali, Haidar Ali defeated at, vi 567
Triple Alliance, The (May 20, 1571), of
Spain, the Pope and Venice against Turks,
m 134; of 1668, formation of, v 38 sqq. ;
ephemeral character of, 153 sq.; and
Holland, 200 sq. ; of 1717, vi 27; of
1788, and its results, vni 288 sq. ; 324;
of 1815, IX 597; of 1872, xi 634; of 1882,
between Germany, Austria, and Italy, xii
240 ; renewed (1887) , 341 ; renewed (1902) ,
242
Triploe Heath, army at, rv 343
Tripoli, given to Knights of St John, ii 60,
68; Turkish capture of (1551), 86, 268;
captured by Barbary corsairs, in 486;
Spain and, vi 381; Denmark and, 756;
Ganteaume off coast of, ix 53; xn 4;
Italy and, 241; 428; exploration from,
806 sqq.; 810 sq.
Tripolitza, storming of (1821), x 180
Trissino, Giovan (Gian) Giorgio, Italian
Keformer, n 395; in 469, 471
Tristam, Nuno, Portuguese explorer of
African coast, i 13
Tristany, Benito, Spanish priest, xi 556
Trithemius, Johannes (von Trittenheim), i
323, 325, 611; n 29
Triumphus, Augustinus, m 744, 753
Triumvirate, The French so-called (of
1661), n 300
38—2
608
General Index.
Trivulzio, Agostino, n 16
Gian Giacomo, 1 114, 118; Governor
of Milan, 121 sqq. ; 135 sq., 198, 249
Teodoro, n 57
Trnovo, xn 404 sq. ; captured, 388; 410;
427
Trochu, Louis- Jules, General, Military
Governor of Paris, xi 497 sqq.; 600;
605 sq.; 608; 611
Troestra, van, Dutch socialist, xn 248
Troezen, Greek National Assembly at, xi
277
Trogoff, Comte Jean-Honor6 de, French
admiral, viii 457
Troia, Carlo, Neapolitan statesman, xi 85;
90
Troibreze, Colonel, at Eatisbon, iv 231
Troitsa monastery, v 501, 508
Trolle, Erik, Administrator of Sweden, n
603
Gustaf . See Upsala, Archbishops of
Henrik af, Swedish admiral, vi 775
Trollope, Anthony, novelist, xi 360 sq.
Tromp, Cornells,.. Dutch admiral, v 161;
victory of, at Oland, 162; in the Four
Days' Battle, 183 sq. ; 186 sq. ; 190;
195 sq.
Lieut. -admiral Martin Harpertzoon,
naval victories of, iv 147; 311; action off
Folkestone and, 471 ; 472 sq. ; victory of,
off Dungeness, 474; defeat of, off Port-
land, 475 ; 476 sqq.; Eesolutions of (1652),
479; at Dunkirk, 598, 703; 646; at the
battle of the Downs, 700; engagement
of, with Blake, v 139; 140
Tronchet, Frangois-Denis, vin 183, 257,
488, 742, 746; ix 150
Tron(?on - Ducoudray. See Tronson du
Coudray
Trondhjem, Treaty of Eoeskilde and, iv
586; restored to Denmark (1660), 591;
Charles XIV in, xi 681
Olaf Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of,
n 618 sqq.
Tronson du Coudray, Guillaume- Alexandre,
French politician, viii 507, 512
Troplong, Eaymond- Theodore, French
statesman, xi 140
Troppau, the Preliminaries of Breslau and,
VI 235; Conference of (1820), vn 368, x
12, 27-9; 69; 113; the Papacy and,
150 sq.; attitude of Great Britain at,
186; 194; and Spanish revolution, 223;
Protocol, 28 sq., 39
Trotter, Paymaster-General, under Mel-
ville, IX 684
Troubridge, Sir Thomas, Admiral, vm 454;
at Cape St Vincent, 462; at Naples,
657 sq.
Trouv6, Baron Charles- Joseph, Commis-
sary at Milan, vin 518
Troy, excavations in, xn 845
Troya, Carlo, the "Neo-Guelf," x 128; xn
842
Troyes, peace with England concluded at
(1564), ni 7; taxation remitted at, 666;
nuns in, vin 53; stormed by Napoleon
(1814), IX 549
Troyon, Constant, painter, xi 528
Trubetskoi (Trubetsk6y), Prince Eugene,
xn 360
Prince Nikita, vi 312
Prince Sergius, xn 354; 357
Prince Sergius, Eussian colonel, x 441
Prince, and Ivan IV, v 491
Truchsess von Waldburg. See Waldburg
Trudaine de Montigny, Jean-C.-P., vm 22,
24
True Law of Free Monarchy, m 751
Truguet, Comte L.-J.-F., French admiral,
vm 456; Minister of Navy, 490, 607 sq. ;
in command of Brest squadron, ix 212;
dismissed, 216
Trumbull, Lyman, Eepublican leader, vn
628, 640
Trutvetter, Dr Jodocus, censor of the Press,
I 685
John, "the Erfurt Doctor," n 112
Truxillo, destroyed by Dutch, iv 751
Try, member of French Commission on
Civil Procedure (1802), ix 166
Try on, William, Governor of North Caro-
lina, vn 145
Tsailan, Prince, sentenced to death, xn 521
Tsana, Lake, in Abyssinia, xn 805; 808
Tsarskoe Selo, church of, vi 322; Tsar at,
IX 34; railway to, xi 266
Tschernembl, Baron Erasmus von, Pro-
testant leader in Austria, m 721, 726;
TV 16; 21
Tseng, Marquis, Chinese ambassador in
London, xii 503 sq. ; 507
Tseng Kuotsuan, Chinese general, xi 821
Tsinan Fu, railway to, xu 513
Tsingtao, German occupation of, xn 513
Tsungli Yamen, The, xn 500 sqq.; 504;
and Great Britain, 508; and war loan,
513; and orphanages, 515; 516; and
Boxer movement, 518, 520; 521; 525;
527
Tsushima, Japanese port, xi 841; 843;
battle of, XII 354, 599 sq.
Tsuyama, daimid of, xi 832
Tsze-Kwang-Ko, Chinese reception pavilion,
xn 504
Tuam, Cathedral of, m 593
Tuan, Prince, and Boxer agitation, xn 518;
521
Tuckie, James, on the Congo, xn 807
Tuckney, Anthony, and Whichcote, v 750
Tucuman, administration of, x 249; insur-
rection in, 267; junta in, 269; 286 sq.
Tudela, Spanish defeat at (1808), ix 443-4
Tiibingen, University of, m 723; opposed
to Heidelberg, rv 5; Spener at, v 762;
theological faculty of, and dogma of
Immaculate Conception, xi 713 ; historical
study at, xii 847
Tiirkenglocke, The, m 700
Tugela river, Sir Eedvers Buller at, xn 642
General Index,
609
Tugendbund, formed at Konigsberg, ix 328 ;
X 135
Tuileries, The, the mob in (June 20), vin
228 sqq. ; defence of, 235 sq. ; meetings
at, IX 9; new Court formed at, 23;
marriage of Napoleon at, 140; welcome
to Louis XVIII at, 562; proposed assault
on (1815), 572; tricolour hoisted on,
575; Napoleon at, t&., 616; Louis XVIII
returns to, 645
Tula, revolutionaries at, v 500; iron- works
at, 533; province of, famine in, xn 315
Tulchan Bishops, ni 550
Tulczyn, secret society in, x 432
Tullibardine, William Murray, Marquis of,
VI 98; 103; 105 sq.; Ill
Tullin, Christian B., Norwegian writer, xi
700
Tuln, allied army at (1683), v 361, 362
Tulsk, battle of, m 604
Tumanbeg, Sultan of Egypt, i 91
Tumen river, Eussian activity on, xn 576
T'ung-Chih, Emperor of China, xii 501 sq.;
504; 518; 557
T'ungchow, xii 505; evacuated by the
Chinese, 520
Tung Fuhsiang, Chinese general, xn 518;
620
Tunis, European factories in, i 496; sack
of, by Charles V (1535), n 69, ni 105,
111 ; seized by Barbarossa, 110 ; offered by
Charles V to Barbarossa, 114; retaken by
the Turks (1574), 136; captured by Don
John (1573), 497; assault upon, 541;
dealings of Blake with, iv 483; French
expedition against, vi 350; Spain and,
381 ; Venice and, 606 ; French occupation
of, xn 3; 9; 158; 217; Italy and, 239;
France and, 129; 132
Tunisia, xii 98; a French protectorate, 428
Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of Durham, n
148, 432, 448, 471, 482, 484, 501; de-
privation of, 507 ; restored by Mary, 521 ;
Elizabeth and, 563; 571
Tupa Catari (Julian Apasa), x 267
Tupac Amaru (Jos6 Gabriel Condorcanqui),
VI 381; X 267 sq.; 275; 299
Tupi-Guarani, The, of Brazil, i 38, 44, 59
Tupper, Sir Charles, Prime Minister of Nova
Scotia, and Canada, xi xi; 769 sq.;
774 sq.
Tura river, Cossacks settle on, xii 794
Turati, Filippo, Italian socialist, xn 225
sq. ; 231
Turberville, George, writer of verse, m 367
Turcoing, French victory at, vin 435
Turco- Venetian treaty (1540), in 116-7
Turenne, Henri Vicomte de. See Bouillon,
Henri de la Tour-d'Auvergne, Duke of
Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vi-
comte de. Marshal of France (Marshal
Turenne), trained in wars of Louis XIII,
IV 149; 368; wounded at Zabem, 370
376 sq. ; on the Ehine, 388 sqq. ; 392 sq.
and James U, 540; account of, 595
597 sqq.; and the Bemardines, 595, 610;
joins first French rebellion (1649), 611
sqq.; concludes treaty with Spain, 613;
615 sqq.; 659; conversion of, v 22; 43
sq.; Bossuet and, 86; 160; 199; death
of, 217; 232; 340; 372; 651; Napoleon's
recollection of, ix 93
Turf an, explorers at, xn 802
Turgenieff, Ivan, Kussian writer, xi 614;
650; xn 297
Nicholas, Eussian Councillor of State,
x 432
Turgot, Anne-Eobert- Jacques, Baron de
I'Auhie, VI 830; vni 3, 14, 17, 24 sq. ;
Comptroller-General, 37, 44, 66, 74, 77,
82 ; administration of, 83 sqq. ; dismissed,
88; X 729; Reflexions, 770; Discourse
at the Sorbonney xn 817
Turin, n 70 sqq. ; retained by France
(1559), 94, ra 400; Henry III at, 25;
ceded to Savoy, 406-7; fortification of,
410; printing in, 412; v 408; siege of
(1705), 414 sq.; 668; vin 567; French
troops in (1798), 644, 654; Allies enter
(1799), 656; emigres in, 780; Melas
marches on (1800) , ix 61 ; to be gallicised,
397; Victor Emmanuel I in (1814), x 13,
108 ; the Spanish Constitution proclaimed
at, 116; appointment of a Nuncio at,
refused, 142 ; xi 41 ; 78 ; death of Kossuth
at, 215; 366; attacks on clerical party in,
368; 373; patriotic monument in, 374;
381 ; meeting of parliament at, 390 ; 535 ;
massacres in, 539 ; strikes at, xn 224 sq.
Peace of (1381), i 264, (1601), ra419,
(1703), V 448; Treaty of (1733), vi 152
sqq., (1860), xi 388, 469
Girolamo della Eovere, Archbishop
of, ni 404
Luigi Franzoni, Archbishop of, xi
368 sq.
Turini, Baldassare, da Pescia, n 13, 16
Turkestan, Eussia and, xi 631; xn 95;
exploration in, 792; 796
Afghan, rebellion in, xn 482
Chinese, xi 819; xii 4, 792; 794;
exploration in, 799 sq., 802, 804
Eussian, xn 801
Turkey
I iii The Ottoman Conquest, 67-103
[For early struggles with Venice,
see Chap, viii passim, 253-87]
m iv The height of the Ottoman power,
104-39
[For struggles with Spain, see also
Chap. XV, 475-520 passim, and
for Turkish relations with
Eudolf II, 700 sq.]
V ii The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-97), passim, 32-63
xii Austria, Poland, and Turkey, 338-
71
xix Charles XII and the Great
Northern War (1709-13), passim,
603 sqq.
610
General Index,
Turkey {contd.)
VI X Eussia under Anne and Elizabeth,
•passim, 301-28
xi The reversal of Alliances and the
Family Compact, passim, 329-
60
[See also Chaps, xviii and xix
passim]
vni xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, 306-37
IX xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height, passim, 294-340
X vi Greece and the Balkan Peninsula,
passim, 169-204
xvii Mehemet All, passim, 545-72
XI ix [Eussia and] the Levant, passim,
275-85
xi Great Britain and the Crimean
War (1852-6), passim, 309-24
xxii Eussia and the Levant after the
Crimean War, passim, 633-47
XII xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, 381-428
XV Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan
(1841-1907), passim, 429-56
Turkey Company, complaints of, against
Dutch, V 108
Turkheim, fight at (1675), v 651
Turkmanchay, Treaty of (1828), x 444, xi
273
Turnebus (Adrien Turn^be), French Hel-
lenist, I 576 sq., 613; iii 53
Turner, Sir James, in Scotland, v 284
Joseph M. W., artist, xi 356
Samuel, visits Tibet, xn 798
Turnham Green, Charles checked at (1642),
IV 308 sq.
Tumhout, fight of (1597), m 629; Austrian
defeat at (1789), vi 652, vm 329; canal
at, XI 670
Turoczi, Benedictus, Minister of Matthias
Corvinus, i 343
Turreau de Lini^res, Baron Louis-Marie,
Commissioner, vm 562; General, 379,
439; IX 61
Turriani, Giovacchino, General of the
Dominicans, i 183
Turton, Thomas A., xi 766
Tusanus. See Toussain, Jacques
Tuscany, Elba and Piombino occupied by,
II 84; 94; Siena acquired by, 88; 396 sq.;
under Cosimo, Francis, and Ferdinand de'
Medici [q.v.] , Grand Dukes of. Vol. in,
Chap. XII, Tuscany and Savoy, 383-99;
415, 423, 430, 436, 438, 451-3, 666 sq.,
674, 683; Habsburg influence over, 689;
and Spain, iv 666; and War of the
Barberini, 686 sq. ; and the Spanish
Succession, v 384, 389; vi 29; Spain
and, 60; Elisabeth Farnese and, 122;
124; 126; Don Carlos and, 138, 150;
139; 152; 155; succession in, 156; 158;
167 ; Treaty of Seville and, 202 ; clerical
domination in, 590; 597; under Grand
Duke Leopold, 600 sq.; 655; France
makes peace with (1795), vni 381 ;
government of, 778; ix 57; Austrians in,
63; French in, 68-9; condition of, 87;
French annexation of, 114;, 398 sqq. ;
grand duchy of, given to Elise Bona-
parte, 399 ; and Congress of Vienna, 602 ;
X 105; under Ferdinand III, 107 sq. ;
literary and scientific movement in, 127
sqq. ; relations of Papacy with, 142 sq. ;
road-making in, 729 ; xi 68 sqq. ; national
movement in, 75; a Constitution pro-
claimed in, 80; and the Italian Eevolu-
tion, 83 sq.; the situation in (1848), 89
sqq. ; Constituent Assembly in, 91 ; re-
storation of Leopold II, 94 ; 259 ; reaction
in, 377 sq.; and War with Austria, 383;
385 sqq.; 468; 531; disorder m (1898),
xu 220; 842
Tuscany, Grand Dukes of: —
Cosimo I (Medici), ii 72, 81 sqq. ; in
384-91; 399; economic policy of, 392 sq. ;
patron of art, 394; character of rule of,
395; death of, 396; and literature, 466,
470; V 739; vi 138; 152
Cosimo II (Medici), iv 31
Ferdinand I (Medici), Cardinal, in
390; 394; accession of, 396, 450; policy
of, 397 sqq.; 419; and Sixtus V, 430;
attitude of, towards Spain, iv 666
Ferdinand II (Medici), neutrality of,
IV 600; V 740
Ferdinand III (Habsburg), vin 554;
IX 92; 94, 602; and the Final Act
of the Congress of Vienna, 660; x
128
Francis I (Medici), m 395-6, 399,
427, 430, 432, 450
Francis H (Habsburg). See Francis I,
Emperor
Giovanni Gastone de' Medici, vi 138 ;
147; 156
Leopold I. See Leopold II, Emperor
Leopold II (Habsburg), x 128; and
the Scientific Congress at Pisa, 128-9 ; xi
68 sq. ; 78 sqq. ; and War with Austria,
83 sq.; and Italian Federation, 89; re-
tires to Gaeta, 91, 379; 93; restoration
of, 94 sq., 377 sq. ; 383; revokes Statute
of 1848, ,706
Tuscany, Elis^, Grand Duchess "of. See
Bonaparte, Elise
Prince Leopold of, brother of Grand
Duke Ferdinand II, Cardinal, v 740
Maria Louisa, Grand Duchess of,
VI 601
Tuscarora Indians, The, vii 37 sq.
Tuscumbia, Hood at, vii 524
Tushino, Eussian Pretender at, v 500
Tutbury, Mary Stewart at, in 281
Tuttlingen, victory of Imperialists at (1643),
IV 388 '
Tutuila, acquired by United States (1899).
VII 663, XII 667 v /»
Tuyl, Baron de, Eussian Minister to United
States, vn 371
General Index,
611
Tver, annexed by Ivan the Great, v 479;
address to Tsar Alexander II from, xn
306, 322; 327
Tweeddale, John Hay, 2nd Marquis of,
V 298
Twelve Years' Truce, The (1609), ni 641-2,
728-9
Twiggs, David Emanuel, American general,
VII 455
Two Sicilies, The. See Sicily and Naples
203 Metre Hill, xii 594 sq.
Tyard, Pontus de, in 55
Tyler, John, vii 388 sq. ; President of
United States, 390, 392 sqq.
Wat, II 175
Tyndale, William, translates Bible, n 464-
5; the Obedience of a Christian Man
(1528), ni 752
Typaldos, Greek naval oflScer, xn 422
Tyrconnel, Eory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of,
III 611 sq.
Eichard Talbot, Earl of, v 233 sq. ;
305; Viceroy of Ireland, 306 sq.; and
James II, 308; 310 sqq.; and siege of
Limerick, 315 sq. ; visits France, 316 ;
death of, 318
Tyrconnell, invaded by O'Neill, ra 591 ; Sir
Niall Gurv claims lordship of, 613
Tyre, capture of, by Crusaders, i 254
Tyrell, James, Patriarcha non Monarcha,
VI 803
Tyrnau, Peace of (1615), iv 11
Tyrol, acquired by Frederick III, i 296;
II 150; Peasants' Eevolt in, 182; loyal
to Ferdinand, iv 23; under Archduke
Leopold, 26; 35; 39; Planta's posses-
sions in, 46; Austrian power in, 54; 61
sq. ; V 401 sq. ; Elector of Bavaria in,
407; the French in, 408; 414; Austria
and, VI 204; 243; rising in (1797), viii
683; French army on frontiers of (1800),
IX 64; French conquests in, 68; plan of
Allies in (1805), 250; Ney sent to, 256;
ceded to Bavaria, 262 ; patriotic rising in
(1808-9), 341, 355 sqq.; Austrian cam-
paign in, ib. ; acquisition of, by Austria
(1815), 658; Church government in, x
145; lost by Bavaria, 146; Lombard
volunteers in, xi 85; Estates of, 178;
457
Tyrone, invaded, in 591; plantation of,
614; resists English allotment, 615
Con Bacach O'Neill, 1st Earl of,
in 584-90
Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Baron of Dun-
gannon, 2nd Earl of, in 521, 529, 531 sqq.,
590, 601 sqq., 611 sq.
John O'Neill, titular Earl of, death
of, IV 522, 649
Shane O'Neill, Lord of, in 589 sqq. ;
death of (1567), 592 sq. ; 610
Tzarevo-Zaimische, Barclay at (1812), ix
494
Tzschirner, Samuel Erdmann, Saxon poli-
tician, XI 219
Tz'ii An, Chinese Empress, xn 501 sq.;
death of, 503
Hsi, Empress Dowager of China, xn
14; 501 sqq.; and currency, 506; 507;
resumes power, 517; 518; flight of, 520;
526; death of, 522
Ubaghs, Gerard Casimir, philosopher, xi712
Ubanghi river, xn 130; exploration of,
811 sq.
Uceda, Cristoval Gomez de Sandoval y
Eojas, Duke of, at Court, iv 628 sq. ;
at Burgos, 630; 631 sqq.; Olivares and,
635 sq.
Uchanski, J., Primate of Poland. See
Gnesen
Uckermark, Swedish troops in the, vi 280,
287, 294, 296
Udaipur, State of, xi 726
Eana of, joins Sindhia, ix 719;
condition of, 730
Udali, John, m 345
Nicholas, editor of Erasmus' Para-
phrase, n 481
Uddevalla, Convention at, vi 780
Udine, Austrian army at, xi 84
.^ Giovanni da, artist, n 13
Uberlingen, placed in Swedish hands, rv 391
Uffizi gallery, Cosimo's collections the
nucleus of the, ni 394
Uganda, British protectorate in, xn 49;
Germany and, 167 ; settlement of frontier
of, 449; 661 sq. ; explorers in, 809;
missionaries in, 810; 812
Ugarte, Antonio, x 208 sq.
Uglich, Tsarevich Dmitri sent to, v 496
Uhland, Johann Ludwig, German poet, x
361, 405 sq.; xi 164; 195; 413 sq.
Uhlich, Leberecht, German theologisin, xi
51
Uhrich, Jean- Jacques- Alexis,French general,
XI 588
Uitenhage, district of, xi 778
Uj-Besce, JellaSid at, xi 211
Ujiji, Livingstone and Stanley at, xn 809
Ujlaky, Lawrence, supporter of John Za-
polya, I 336 sq.
Ukhtomsky, Prince, xn 315; 345
Ukraine, swept by Tartar horde (1575), ni
92 ; and Treaty of Oliva, iv 591 ; v 349 ;
Turks in, 353 ; 355 ; abandoned by Turkey,
358; revolt in (1648), 504 sqq.; 596 sq. ;
Swedish army in, 598, 600; Mazepa and,
699 sq.; partisans of Stanislaus in, vi
197; 302; lines of, 305 sqq.; 324;
Catharine II and, 695
Ukraintseflf, Emelyan, Eussian plenipoten-
tiary in Turkey, v 527
Uleaborg, occupied by.Eussia (1808), ix 314
Ulema, in Ottoman State under Moham-
mad II, I 101; in time of Solyman the
Magnificent, m 127 sq., 132
Ulfeld, Korfits, Christian IV and, iv 572;
at the Hague, 573 sq. ; 684 sq. ; Treaty
of Eoeskilde and, 686; v 558, 660
612
General Index,
"Ulfeld, Leonora Christina, marriage of, iv
573
Uliassutai, caravan route to, xn 793; 798
Uliungar, Kussian explorers in, xn 799
Ulloa, AJatonio de (Spanish explorer and
scientist), economics of, vi 157; Governor
of Louisiana; secret report of, x 250,
273
Don Osorio de, in 242
XJlm, Protestantism in, n 161, 205; rejects
Schwabach articles, 210; submits to
Charles V, 258; religious disturbance
in, in 724; Protestant Union joined by,
725; Union at, iv 34; Treaty of (1620),
125; 209; 214; 220; Truce of (1647),
391; capture of (1702), v 406; 407;
409; Kray shelters in, ix 58; besieged
by Moreau (1800), 64; surrender of, de-
manded by Napoleon, 65; magazine
formed at, 252; capitulation of (1805),
254-5, 258; fortifications at, xi 60
Ulric of Denmark. See Schwerin
Ulrica Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, consort
of Charles XI, v 571 sq. ; 595 ; 614
Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (sister
of Charles XII), vi 28; 761
Ulrich of Wiirtemberg. See Wiirtemberg
Ulster, disaffection in, iii529; O'Neill in,
689-91, 611; plantation of, 614, 616,
IV 513; Calvinism in, m 616; iv 520;
rebellion in, 522 sq. ; 524 sqq. ; 531 sq. ;
Cromwell's campaign in, 534; restora-
tion of Episcopacy in, v 304; vi 482;
Presbyterians of, 483, ix 696; disturb-
ances in, VI 490; 491; 495; Volunteers
of, 499 ; Orange Society of, ix 700 ; and
rebellion (1798), 702; and the Union,
707-8; land tenure in, xii 70
Ultramontanism, as opposed to Gallicanism,
Vol. V, Chap, rv passim, 72-91; origin
of modern, x 157 sqq. ; spread of, in
early 19th century, 159 sqq. ; great writers
of, 161 sqq. ; in Prussian Rhine Pro-
vince, XI 53; Chap, xxv, Rome and the
Vatican Council, j^assiw, 703-23; French,
of the 19th century, and de Maistre, 707;
development of, in general, 716 sqq.; in
France, and decrees of 1870, xii 92 sq.;
after 1871, opponents of, 93; defeat of,
in 1879, 116 sq.; and *' Dreyfus affair,"
121 ; Catholic historical scholarship and,
848
Ulundi, Zulus defeated at, xn 35, 636
Umbria, rising in (1798), viii 638; revolu-
tionary movements in (1830-1), x 120,
155; national movement ^.n, xi 384; 387;
390; invasion of, 469; 530; annexed to
Italy, 709
Uminski, General, and Polish Patriotic
Society, x 453
Unam Sanctam, Bull of Boniface VIII, con-
firmed, n 31 ; m 757
Undertakers, the Irish, of Archbishop
Boulter, vi 487 sqq.
Ungaba, district of, xi 776
Ungebauer, General, x 553
Uniformity. See Act of Uniformity
Unigmitus, Bull (1713), v 90 sq.; vi 131;
163 ; promulgated by Clement XI, and its
results, 588 sqq.; Benedict XIV and, 591;
637; results of, in France, vni 9
Union, of the British Islands, attempts of
Henry VIII in relation to Wales and
Ireland, n 470 sqq.; of England and
Scotland, Somerset's scheme for, 487;
mooted by James I, in 556 sqq.; final
accomplishment of, v 297 sqq. ; the Act
itself, and Jacobitism, Vol. vi. Chap, in,
90-119; between England and Ireland,
the 18th century preparation therefor.
Chap. XIV passim ; ix 702 sqq. ; Chap, xxn
passim. See also Act of Union
of Evangelical Estates (German Pro-
testant), m 687 sq.; Congress of, at
Schwabisch Hall, 689 sq.; rise of, 725
sqq. ; and outbreak of the Thirty Years'
War, Vol. IV, Chap. i^Jasnm; dissolution
of, 69
Union, La, French newspaper, xi 292
Liberals, La, French newspaper, xi
123; 127
Unions, Micoud de, work at Li^ge of, ix
416
Unita Cattolica, Italian journal, xi 714
Unitarians, in England, and growth of
toleration, v 327; in Transylvania, see
Sozzini, Fausto
United Irish League, xn 89
United Irishman, newspaper, xi 13
"United Irishmen," Society of, started
by Wolfe Tone, vin 771 sq. ; x 628 sq.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland. For affairs in common, see
England
• Provinces of the Netherlands. See
Netherlands, United Provinces of the
United States of America, The
vn i The first century of English
colonisation (1607-1700), 1-
52
ii The English Colonies (1700-63),
53-69
iii The French in America (1608-
1744), 70-113
iv The Conquest of Canada (1744-
1761), passim, 114-43
v The quarrel with Great Britain
(1761-76), 144-74
vi The Declaration of Independ-
ence (1761-76), 175-208
vii The War of Independence
(1776-83), 209-34
The Constitution (1776-89),
235-304
The Struggle for Commercial
Independence (1783-1812) ,
305-34
The War of 1812-5, 335-48
The Growth of the Nation
(1815-28), 349-77
viu
General Index,
613
United States of America, The (contd.)
vn xii Commerce, expansion and
slavery (1828-50), 378-404
xiii State Eights (1850-60), 405-42
xiv The Civil War, I (1861), 443-
71
XV The Civil War, II (1862-3),
472-513
xvi The Civil War, ni (1864-5),
514-48
xvii Naval operations of the Civil
War (1861-5), 549-67
xviii The North during the War
(1861-5), 568-602
xix The South during the War
(1861-5), 603-21
XX Political Reconstruction (1865-
85), 622-54
xxi The United States as a World-
Power (1885-1902), 655-86
xxii Economic Development of the
United States, 687-722
xxiii The American Intellect, 723-
51
XI xii Great Britain (1856-68) , passim,
325-46
xxvii Great Britain and her Colonies
(1840-70) , (ii) The Federation
of Canada, passim, 766-78
xxviii The Far East (1815-71), pas-
sim, 802-65
xu ii Foreign relations of the United
States during the Civil War,
16-22
XX The European Colonies, pas-
sim, 602-71
xxi The Republics of Latin America,
passim, 672-702
[See also Chaps, xxii and xxiii
passim]
Univers, Le, French journal, political
work of, X 500; xi 27; 292; 296; sup-
pressed, 469; 707 sq.; 721
Universities, in Australia and New Zealand,
XII 627 : Canadian, Laval, McGill, Kings-
ton, Toronto, xi 778 : Danish, Copenhagen
becomes important under Christian II, n
605, 617 ; refounded by Christian VI, vi
739 : in Empire, Maximilian I and those
of Vienna, Freiburg in the Breisgau, etc.,
I 325; in 17th century, iv 424 sq.; xi 169
sq.; Prague, xn 195: English, Oxford and
Cambridge and Renaissance, i 579 sq.; in
1542-8, n 468; James II's attack on, v
237 sq.; in 18th century, vni 763 sq. ; see
also Oxford and Cambridge ; the modem,
London, x 668, Manchester, Liverpool,
etc., xn763: French, Nimes, ii291; Paris,
1 635 sq. ; 667 ; and the Renaissance,
675 sq. ; Paris, Poitiers, etc. and Holy
See, 635 sq., 667; Paris, condemns
Luther, n 283; state of, in 1523, 350;
Nicolas Cop's rectorial address to, 285,
354; XI 67, 297, xn762; Poitiers, iv778;
ToulousBf legists at, n 95; the Imperial
University of France (with Paris as its
centre), founded by Napoleon, ix 127 sqq. ;
under Louis XVIII, x 73; xi 67; under
Napoleon III, 297; and education of
women, xn 762 ; see also Paris : German
(including Prussian), and the Renaissance,
I 574; and the Holy See, 636; great
growth of, in the pre-Reformation period,
637 sq. ; Berlin, ix 327, xii 820 sq. ;
Breslau, ix 327 sq., x 355; Duisburg, rv
789 ; Erfurt, in Luther's days, ii 110 sqq.;
Frankfort-on-Oder, v 624, ix 327, x 355;
Herborn, iv 789, 791 ; Ingolstadt, i 622 ;
Jena, ix 325, x 364, 375, xi 150; Kiel, vi
753; Kimigsberg, m 74, 78, ix 327;
Leipzig, v 760; Wittenberg, in Luther's
days, n 116 sqq. ; and the progress of
Reform, 165; «ee aZ«o Wittenberg ; founda-
tion of Marburg, 201 ; ix 411 ; German in
general, agitation in, after 1815, x 363:
in India, and Lord Curzon, xn 494 : Irish,
in 19th century, 29 ; 71 sq. ; Dublin,
IX 696, XI 9; Trinity College, ra 611,
XI 9 ; Italian, Bologna, ni 447 ; ix 86 ; x
137 ; Perugia, tx 402 ; Pisa, under Cosimo
de' Medici, m 392; Rome, founded (1513),
n 16 sq.; see also Rome: in Nether-
lands, Grontngfen, IX 417 ; Louvain, i419;
and its studies, 436; 636; theological
seminary established in, by Joseph II,
VI 649 sq. ; vra 318; ix 415; Leyden
and Renaissance, i 579; iv 717; 789;
V 753; IX 417: Polish, Cracow, in 16th
century, iii 77 sq. ; and neglect of educa-
tion in Poland, ib. ; Stephen Bathory and,
102 sq. ; foundation of Warsaw, x 449, xi
629 : Russian, from 1804, x 430 sq. ; in
19th century, xi 267 ; under Alexander H,
624, 627 ; and Count Dmitry Tolstoi, xn
298 sq.; reformed (1863), 294 sq. ; revo-
lutionary character of, 303 sq. ; protests
of, against government repression, 315
sq.; Borpat, 336; closing of (1905), 350;
claim of self-government for, 353 ; political
action of, 357 sq. : Spanish, Alcald, i 380 ;
fostered by Ximenes, 400; and Renais-
sance, 678: Swedish, XII 280, 273: Swiss,
Geneva, prospers under Calvin, n 372 sq.;
Bern, xi241; Zurich, 241, xn 303, 762;
in 19th century, xi 260 sq.: in the United
States, Harvard, vn 744. See also under
names of cities
Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of (1833), x 494,
505, 512; Austria and, 546; significance
of, 555 sqq., 562; 564; 572
Untereyk, Theodor, Pietist, v 757
Unterwalden, canton of, vi 613; revolt in
(1798), vm 640; xi242; 245; andAargau
monasteries, 247; 251
Upper Peru. See Bolivia
Upsala, battle of (1520), n 603; Constitu-
tion (1562), IV 161 sq.; 164; Resolution
of, 170, 176; 171 sq. ; 184; University of,
187, 578; consultation at (1629), 193;
207; 787; Estates at (1675), v 668
614
General Index,
Upsala, Archbishops of: —
Gustaf Trolle, n 603 sq., 614 sq.,
622 sq.
Joannes Magni (Johan Magnusson),
n 622-7
Laurentius Petri (Lars Petersson),
II 624; translator of Bible, 625; 628,
630
■ Laurentius Petri Gothus, n 630 sq.
Upsala-mote, The (1593), Swedish religious
settlement at, ii 632 sq.
Upshur, Abel Parker, American Secretary
of State, vii 391 sqq.
Uraga, American expedition at, xi 824,
828 sq,
Urals, iron industries of, xi 618
Urana, surrendered by Venice to the Turks,
m 116
Urban II (Eudes de Chastillon), Pope, n
126
IV (J. Pantaleon), Pope, m 464
VIII (Maffeo Barberini), Pope, and
Valtelline, iv 57 sq., 129 sq. ; and Treaty
of Monzon, 60, 675 ; 74 sq. ; 84 ; and
House of Habsburg, 88, 365; and Edict
of Bestitution, 113; espouses cause of
Nevers, 115, 678 sq. ; 143 ; and Bichelieu,
156 ; 211 ; 367 ; 373 ; and Treaty of West-
phalia, 396 sqq.; 668; 674; 676; Galileo
and, 677; European policy of, 680 sqq.;
internal government of, 684 sq. ; war of
the Barberini and, 686; 687 sq. ; xi 713
Urbino, Cesare Borgia and, i 194, 240;
Papacy and State of, in 385; brigandage
in, 430; Habsburg influence over, 689;
Court of , under Guidobaldo of Montefeltro,
462, 471 ; duchy of, Urban VIU and, iv
684, 686; duchy of, incorporated in
Italian kingdom (1808), ix 400
Elizabeth di Gonzaga, Duchess of
(d. 1526), culture of the court of, iii 462
Federigo di Montefeltro, Duke of
(d. 1482), library of, i 553
Francesco Maria I della Kovere,
Duke of, general for Julius II, i 136,
138; attacked by Leo X, ii 14; general
for Clement VII, 53 sq., 56, 58; attacked
by Paul III, 69
• Francesco Maria II, Duke of, de-
pendent on Spain, iv 666
■ Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of
(restored, 1503-8), i 244 sq. ; culture of
Court of. III 462
Urbiztondo, Antonio de, Spanish Minister
of War, XI 563
Urga, XII 792; trade route from, 795 sq. ;
Prjevalsky at, 798 sq. ; 804
Urgel, La Seo de, seized by insurgents
(1822), X 225
Uri, canton of, vi 613; rising against, 625;
revolt in (1798), vni 640; xi 237; 239;
242; and Aargau monasteries, 247; 251
Uriu, Sotokichi, Japanese admiral, xu 522 ;
680
Urne, Lage. See Boskilde, Bishops of
Urquiza, Juste Jose de, President of Argen-
tine Confederation, xii 682 sq.
Ursek Ujvar. See Neuhausel
Ursel, Due d', Belgian statesman, x 625;
536
Ursins, Princesse des. See Orsini
Ursinus, Zacharias (Beer), German theo-
logian, in 154
Urslivenus, German theologian, xi 61
Uruguay. See Banda Oriental
Urumtsi, Mark Bell at, xn 802
Urusoff , Prince, Eussian Minister, xn 360 ;
363; resigns, 364; 367
Usbegs, VI 508 sq. ; besiege Kabul, 517;
518; 525
Usedom, Gustavus Adolphus lands on, iv
191, 193, 197
Baron Karl G. L. G. von, Prussian
diplomatist, xi 163; 165 sq.
Uskoks, in Carniola, Croatia, and Dalmatia,
rv 11; 40; and Archduke Ferdinand,
45
Uskub, Servia and, xn 424; 426
Usora, battle at (1415), i 71
Uspensky Cathedral, v 604
Russian monk, xn 343
Usselincx, Willem, ni 633; and Dutch
West India Company, rv 703, 750; Gus-
tavus and, 759
Ussher, James, Archbishop of Armagh, v
238; 745
Usson, de, French officer, in Ireland, v
316 sqq.
Ussuri river, Eussian advances on, xi 273 ;
819 ; XII 792 ; ceded to Eussia, 796
Ustariz, Jerome, Spanish economist, vi
157
Uster, great political meeting at, xi 240
Usteri, Martin, ix 427
Paulus, Swiss politician, xi 239
Usupoff, General, and Empress Anne, v 557
Utah, ceded to United States (1848), vii
397 ; admission of, to Union, 403 sq. , 417 ;
slavery in, 416; and currency question,
673; women's franchise in, xn 763
Utenhove, Charles, Protestant refugee in
England, n 477, 592
Utopia, Sir Thomas More's, n 183, 490
Utraquists, in Bohemia, spread of Lutheran
doctrines among, in 147 sq.
Utrecht, Burgundian power in, i 423 ;
annexed to Netherlands (1527-8), n 102,
144; see of, secularised by Charles V,
212; transferred to Burgundian circle,
263; William of Orange at, in 211-2;
refuses to pay Alva's tax, 226; Gueux
de Mer seize, 229-30, 233, 248; Union
of (1579), 251-2, 646, 704; province of,
618, 650; democratic party at, 620-1;
Deventer at, 623 ; Eemonstrants in, 647 ;
Commission sent to, 651 ; province of,
ravaged, iv 693 ; negotiations at Miinster
and, 715; Academy founded at, 717;
Union of (1579), 723, v 448; invaded by
French (1672), 43, 157; and Eternal
General Index.
616
Edict, 155; 161; 458; Gisbert Voet at,
753 ; favours Stadholder, viii 287 ; French
lycee at, ix 417; proposed archbishopric
at, XI 665
Utrecht, Peace (or Treaty) of (1713), Vol. v,
Chap. XIV (2); 30; 399; 431; 432 sqq. ;
Brandenburg and, 658; Prussia and, 668;
and Brazil, 679; and Spanish America,
684; and West Indies, 688; 693; Both-
mer and, vi 13; Handel and, 19; and
Dunkirk, 23, 464; 49; 58; 60; 63 sq. ;
and Old Pretender, 96; 97; 104; 121 sq.;
Bipperda, of service in, 139; and Spain,
151, 167, 249; 153; 159; 178; 181; France
and, 194; 313; 331; 391; and America,
411 ; 428 ; and Papacy, 587 ; and Venice,
605; confirms English claim to New-
foundland, vn 52 ; and New France, 70 ;
vm 281 ; x 2 ; 31
David, Bishop of, i 423; 435; 437;
445; 460
Engelbert of Cleves, Bishop of, i 445
(Transvaal), district of, xi 785
Uttenheim, Christopher von. See Basel,
Bishop of
Uwajima, daimio of, xi 825; 836 sq.; 851
sq.; 856
Uxbridge, negotiations at (1645), iv 327 sq.;
343
Sir H. W. Paget, 2nd Earl of. See
Anglesey, Marquis of
Uyeno, fight at, xi 859
Uyesugi, Japanese noble, xi 850
Uyttenbogaert, Johannes, in 646-8, 652
Uz6s, H.-B.-J. de Bethizy de M6zi6res,
Bishop of, vra 179
Uz^s, Duke of, in 26
Vaal Kranz, British forces at, xn 643
Vacherot, ifetienne, French philosopher, xn
99
Vachott, Alexander, Hungarian writer, xi
426
Vacquerie, Auguste, French journalist, xii
94
Vadian (von Watt), of St Gallen, Zwinglian,
n 315
Vadier, Maro-G.-A., French deputy, vin
380, 384
Vadstena, iv 165 ; constitution promulgated
at, 167; 169; 172
Varala, Peace of, vi 676, 782, vm 295,
336, IX 37
Vaster&s. See Vesteras
Vastergotland, and Danes, rv 180
Vaillant, Edouard, French politician, xi
502 sq.
Jean - Baptiste - Philibert , Comte ,
Marshal of France, xi 125; 322
Valais, The, Alliance of, with Savoy, in
405-6, 411, 421; French army enters
(1800), IX 59; proposed separation of,
98; 99; excluded from Federation, 104;
French annexation of (1810), 141; Ee-
publio of, 374 ; formal absorption of, 424 ;
forms Swiss canton (1814), 601; xi 234;
236; Jesuits in, 239; 244; and Aargau
monasteries, 247; civil war in, ib.; 251
Valaze, Charles-Eleonore Dufriche de,
French deputy, vra 214, 254, 357
Valckenier, Gillis, opposes de Witt, v 154,
156; 164; death of, 165
Valdemar. See Waldemar
Valdes, Alfonso de, Spanish follower of
Erasmus, ii 388
Diego Flores de, Spanish admiral,
m 307
Fernando de. See Seville, Arch-
bishop of
Francisco de, besieges Ley den, in
239
Juan de, Spanish Beformer in Naples,
n 387-90; writings of, 388 sq. ; 410;
scholar, in 466
Pedro de, Spanish commander, in
807, 312
Spanish colonel, x 230
Val de Travers, Bepublican movement in,
XI 253
Val di Noce, bay of, xn 402
Valdivia, and Peru, x 248 ; capture of (1820),
292
Valdore, Lally at, vi 549
Valecilla, Portuguese vice-admiral, ly 708
Val6e, Comte Silvain-Charles, Marshal of
France, x 504
Valeggio, Imperial victory at (1630), iv
679
Valenpay, Ferdinand VII imprisoned in,
IX 433; released, 482; Treaty of (1813),
X 205
Valence, Pius VI removed to, vin 638
Jean de Montluc, Bishop of, n 297
sq., 300, 303
Comte Cyrus M. A. de Timbrune de,
commands Armj of the Ardennes, vin
416, 419; deserts to Austria, 422; 429
Valencia, condition of, in Middle Ages,
I 352; revolt of the Germania in, 376 sq.;
expulsion of Moriscos from, in 541 sqq.;
Cortes of, rv 628, 643; the Allies in, v
416; lost (1707), 419; 426; liberties of,
VI 136; rising in (1808), ix 434; 435;
Moncey fails to capture, 436; Suchet
defeated at (1810), 457; surrender of
Blake in (1812), 470 ; French at, 473 sqq.;
Ferdinand VII at, x 205 ; risings in (1822),
224; Carlist forces in province of, 239
sq. ; Moderate Ministry appointed in, 241 ;
military plot at, xi 568; clerical influence
in, xn 258 ; 259 ; 263
the Cardinal of. See Borgia, Cesare
Duke of. See Narvaez
de Alcantara, taken by British
troops, VI 426
Valenciennes, captured from the Spaniards
(1572), ni 17, 230-1 ; siege of (1567), 212 ;
Turenne defeated at (1656), iv 619, 659
sq.; taken by French (1677), v 44; 45;
422; and Barrier Treaties, 457 sq.; and
616
General Index,
states General, viii 125 ; Coburg captures
(1793), 347, 429 sq. ; claimed by Austria,
430; recaptured by France (1794), 436;
Treaty of (1794), 655
Valengin, Prussia and, v 449, 669
Valentin, Marie -Edmond, French Ee-
publican, xi 136
Valentine, Basil, alchemist, v 730 sq.
Benjamin, imprisonment of, iv 281
Valentino, Bonifacio, Modenese Reformer,
n 387
Filippo, Modenese Reformer, n 387
Valentinois, Duke of. See Borgia, Cesare
Valenza, occupied by the French (1499), i
121; taken by the Allies (1705), v 416
Valenzuela, Fernando de, Spanish states-
man, V 35; 45
Valer, Eodrigo de, Spanish Reformer, ii 404
Valera, Cipriano de, Spanish Reformer, n
406, 411
Valeriano, Giampetro Bolzani, De Liter a-
torum Infelicitate, i 567, ii 15; i 612
Valetta, vin 696; surrenders to French
(1798), 598, 645
Valiant, Thomas, Brigadier, at Karachi,
XI 736
Valla, Lorenzo, De Elegantiis Latinae
Linguae, i 545; criticisms of, on Dona-
tion of Constantine, 546, 602, 608, 664;
565; and on Dionysius the Areopagite,
602; Voluptas, ii 3; De Donatione Con-
stantini Magni, and its influence on the
Reformers, 694; in 456
Valladolid, the Reformation in, n 399, 404,
407 sq.; auto de fe at, iii 480, 482; v
220; rising in, 376; 428; advance of
Dupont to (1808), ix 430; Moore and,
444; Mass^na and, 457; rising at (1854),
XI 560
Vallandigham, Clement Laird, American
politician, vii 573 sqq., 579 sq.
Valle, Andrea della. See Delia Valle
Joseph de, Spanish general, vi 381
Vall^, French soldier executed for con-
spiracy, X 76
Vall^s, Jules, French political writer, xi
486
Valley, Count von. See Kurtz, Baron
Forge, Washington at, vii 217
Vails, Reding defeated at (1809), ix 448
Valmy, battle of, viii 251, 299, 410 sq.
Valois, House of, m 18. See also Henry II,
Francis H, Charles IX, Henry III, etc.
Adrien de, in 61, 63
Charlotte- Aglae de. See Modena,
Duchess of
Francis of. See Anjou, Duke of
Valona, Italy and, xii 242
Valori, Francesco, Savonarolist, i 169 sq.,
172; death of, 181; 183
Count de, French ambassador at
Berlin, vi 338
VtJparaiso, bombardment of, xi 567; xii
G78
Count of, VI 364
Valromey, ceded to France, m 419, 677
Valtelline, The, gained by Grisons, n 309;
closed to Spain, iii 684 ; Vol. iv. Chap, n ;
Richelieu and, 123, 141, 148, 642; 129
sq. ; 136 ; Philip HI and, 634 sq. ; 640
eq. ; Protestant massacre in, 672 sq. ;
Gregory XV and, 674; Urban VIII and,
675; seized by Rohan, 683; annexed to
Cisalpme Republic (1797), vni 689, 692;
annexed by Austria (1814), ix 601,
660
Valutina-Gora, fight at (1812), ix 493
ValiiyefE, Russian Minister of the Interior,
xn 295; 298 sq.; 308
Vambery, Arminius, xi 431; in Central
Asia, xii 801
Van, surrendered to the Turks, m 120;
Armenian massacres in, xii 417, 419
member of Congress (1775), vn 166
Vanbrugh, Sir John, v 128; 130 sq.
Van Buren, Martin, President of United
States, vn 385, 388 sq. ; and annexation
of Texas, 392 sq. ; 399
Vance, Zebulon Baird, Governor of N.
Carolina, vn 605, 609
Vancouver, British possession, vn 398;
united to Canada, xi 776; 777
George, explorer, voyage of, ix 748
Vandal, Albert, French historian, xn 834
Vandamme, Dominique-Ren^, Comted'Une-
bourg, French general, vni 435 ; ix 260 ;
commands in Bremen, 515; at Pima,
626-7; at Priesten, 528; and the Belgian
campaign, 625 ; 627
Vandeleur, Sir John Ormesby, General,
cavalry brigade of, at Waterloo, ix 639-40
Van den Peereboom, J., Belgian statesman,
xn 254
Van der Heist, Bartholomaeus. See Heist
Vandervelde, Emile, Belgian socialist, xn
253
Van Diemen, Anthoni. See Diemen
Van Diemen's Land. See Tasmania
Vane, Sir Henry, the elder, at Mainz, iv
209; 220; witnesses against Strafford,
289; abolition of Episcopacy and, 292
Sir Henry, the younger, at Leith, iv
317; 322; and Cromwell, 448; 451;
foreign policy and, 541 sq. ; and re-
ligious toleration, 543; Committee of
Safety and, 546; expelled from Parlia-
ment, 548; execution of, v 94; Governor
of Massachusetts, vn 17 sq.
Sir Walter, at Berlin, v 109
Vanini, Cesare, rv 777
Vannes, A. F. X. Mayneaud de, Bishop of,
IX 188-9
Peter (Pietro Vanni), English ambas-
sador, in Venice, n 513, 626
Vannicelli, Cardinal, x 156
Vannucci, Atto, x 109
Van Rensselaer, Solomon, American general,
vn 338
Vansittart, Henry, Governor of Bengal, vi
658 sqq.
General Index.
617
at
of
Vansittart, Nicholas (Lord Bexley), Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, x 574 sq. ;
687 sq.
Vanstabel, Pierre- J., French admiral, vni
466
Varanger Fiord, Eussia and, xi 687
Varax, Spanish general, in 629
Varberg, capture of (1565), iv 163; re-
covered, 166
Varchi, Benedetto, in 394, 472
Varennes, the flight to, vi 477, 783, vm
200, 215
French charge d'affaires at Constan-
tinople, X 551
Varesini, Alexander Dominic. See Sassari,
Bishop of
Vargas, Alonso de, in 516
Francisco, Minister of Charles V
Council of Trent, ii 264
Juan de, in 216 sqq.
Fray Martino de. Reformer
Spanish Cistercians, n 399
Dr, Spanish Reformer, n 267, 405
Varignano, Garibaldi at, xi 534
Varignon, Peter, mathematician, v 718
Varlet, C.-Z.-J., French deputy, vin 342
Varlin, Eugene, French politician, xi 492;
502
Varna, French and English forces at, xi
317 sq. ; harbour of, xn 395
Vambiiler, John Conrad, Protestant pleni-
potentiary at Congress (1645-8), iv 401;
409
Varoux, attacked by French, vi 247
Varzin, Bismarck's negotiations at, xn 152
Vasa, House of, see Vol. iv. Chap, v
See Gustavus, King of Sweden
Vasaborg, Count Gustaf Gustafsson, iv
408
Vasari, Giorgio, m 394, 457; Lives of the
Painters, 473-4
Vasconcellos, Miguel, rule of, in Portugal,
IV 650 sq. ; killed, 652 ; 654
Vasilohikoff, Illarion, Prince, Russian
general, x 439
Vasili (Wasilei) HI, Tsar, i 343 ; v 479 ;
481; reign of, 487
IV, Tsar, election of, v 499;
alliance with Charles IX of Sweden, iv
176; reign of, v 500 sq.
Vasily Island, Peter II at, v
Vasquez, Mateo, in 514-5
Rodrigo, m 518
Vassian, pupil of Nil Sorski,
Vdssos, Colonel, Greek officer
Vassy, massacre of, n 584, ni 1
Vasto, Alfonso d'Avalos, Count del, n 53,
55, 72, 77
Vasvar, Truce of (1664), v 40, 348, 350,
358
Vatable, Francois, French Hebraist, n 282
Vaterlandsvereine, German political club,
XI 149
Vatican, The, Codex B of, i 695; library
of, founded by Nicholas V, 595 sq. ; ui
654
508
xn420; 422
444 sq. ; Catalogue of mss begun, vi 589;
museum of, i 547; palace of, enlarged
and decorated by Julius II, ii 5, 12;
guaranteed to the Pope, xii 229
Vatican Council, The, and the Lanza Minis-
try, XI 543; Chap, xxv, Rome and the
Vatican Council, especially 717 sqq.; xn
92 sq. ; Germany and, 147 sq. ; DoUinger
and, 848
Vatimesnil, Antoine-F.-H. Lefebvre de, x
92
Vatke, Wilhelm, Semitic studies of, xn 846
Vattel, Emeric de, xn 714
Vauban, S^bastien le Prestre, Seigneur de,
Marshal of France, v 15 ; 25 ; 29 sq. ; 429 ;
vn 113; vni 8; Dime Royale, 15; x 47
Vaublanc, Comte Vincent-M.-Vi6not de,
French politician, vm 213; Minister of
the Interior, x 47 ; electoral proposals of,
49-50; retires, 60; and policy of ViU^le,
80
Vaubois, Claude-Henri Belgrand, Comte de,
French commander, vni 578
Vaucelles, Treaty of (1556), n 89-92, 644
sq.. Ill 184; rupture of, n 92
Vauchamp, Napoleon attacks Bliicher at
(1814), IX 548
Vaucoulleur, French economist, vi 699
Vaud, Davel and, vi 625; risings in, ix 95,
100 ; and Congress of Vienna, 687 ; 600 ;
XI 234; 236; 240; 244; anti- Jesuit rismg
in, 247; 259
Vaud^mont, Louis, Count of, n 55
Louise de, becomes Queen of Henry
HI (1576), ra 26
Ren6 de. See Lorraine, Dukes of
Vaudois, The, heresy among, m 400,
402; rebellion of, against Savoy, 403,
417; persecution of, iv 439
Vaudoncourt, French refugee in Spain, x
221; 224
Vaudreuil, Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de,
Governor of Canada (1703-25), vn 90
Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (son of above), Pierre
Francois de Rigaud, Marquis de. Governor
of Canada (1755-60), vn 125, 129, 138,
143
Vaugelas, Claude Favre de, iv 166
Vaughan, Henry, religious attitude of, iv
766; and nature, 770; 772; 774
Richard, Earl of Carbery. See Car-
bery
Vaulabelle, Achille Tenaille de, French
statesman, xi 115
Vaulgrenant, French ambassador in Spain,
VI 156
Vaulx, Seigneur de. See Passano
Vauquelin, Louis-Nicolas, excluded from
the Sorbonne, x 78
Vaur^al, Louis Guido Gu^rapin de. See
Rennes, "Bishop of
Vaux, Lawrence, in 284
Noel de Jourda, Comte de. Marshal
of France, reduces Corsica, vi 350; at
Grenoble, vm 113
618
General Index,
Vavasour, Sir Charles, iv 526
Vay, Baron, Hungarian Conservative, xi
184
Vazerol, Bund of 1471 at, iv 36
Vecchio, Geronimo, iv 789
Veche, popular assembly of Novgorod the
Great and of Pskoff, v 479, 484
Vedel, French general, sent to secure the
Despena Perros, ix 437; conduct of, 438
Vega, Garcilasso della, Spanish secretary
at Eome, seized by Paul IV, n 91
Veiga, Alves, Portuguese Republican leader,
xn 271
Veit, Philipp, artist, x 151
Vela, Pedro Nunez, Spanish Eeformer, n
404
Velabrum, The, in 443-4
Velarde, Spanish officer, killed in riot at
Madrid, rx 434
Velasco, Don Luis, Spanish officer, vi 369
Martino, agent of Charles V at the
Council of Trent, n 264
Velasquez, Diego, Governor of Cuba, i 41
Velasquez de Silva, Diego Rodriguez, por-
traits by, IV 637, 658, 687; Philip IV
and, 664
Veldencze, fight at, xi 184, 203
Velestino, battle at, xn 422
Velez, Pedro Fajardo de los, 3rd Marquis,
m 494
Velez Malaga, naval fight off (1704), v 413
Velichevo, French at, ix 499
Velletri, and War of Austrian Succession,
VI 241; 596; Cardinal Mattel at, x 139
Vellingk, Count, Swedish Governor of Bre-
men, VI 28
Vellore, mutiny at, ix 731
Velly, Paul-Franpois, French historian, xii
829
Veltwyck, joint ambassador of Charles V
and Ferdinand I to Poland, iii 120
Venables, General Robert, expedition of,
to West Indies, iv 481 sq.; in Ulster, 534
Venaissin, v 449; united to France (1791),
vra 217; Pius VII and, x 144
Vence, French admiral, viii 471
Vendee, The, insurrection in (1793), vni
265 sqq., 270, 340 sq., 345 sqq., 353 sqq.,
379, 381; renewed hostility in (1795),
391; end of struggle in, 395, 497, 500;
insurrections in (1814-5), ix 564, 617,
624
Venden, the Russians overthrown at (1578),
IV 167
Vendome, French retreat to, xi 607
Antoine, Duke of, invades Artois
(1542), II 76
Cesar, Duke of, ra 675; iv 119;
expedition against, 120; 124; 126; im-
prisoned, 131; family of, 609; 617
Charles de , Cardinal (from 1590 known
as the young Cardinal de Bourbon). See
Bourbon
Louis, Duke of, and Duke of Mer-
cceur, supports Mazarin, iv 609, 612, 618
Vend6me, Louis-Joseph, Duke of. Marshal
of France, captures Barcelona, v 62; in
Italy, 405 sqq.; 414; replaces Villeroi in
Netherlands, 416; 418; 420; defeated
at Oudenarde, 421; 422; in Spain, 428
Philippe de, Grand Prior of France,
V 414
Vendramin, Lorenzo, translations by, from
Cicero, in 471
Venegas, Spanish general, ordered against
Madrid, ix 452; defeated at Almonacid,
454-5
Venero, Antonio de, m 255
Venetia, and Austria, ix 247 ; ceded to Italy
(1805), 261, 267; creation of duchies in,
268, 400; and Italian Concordat, 401;
Austrian designs on, 691; Austrian rule
in, X 104 sqq.; 109; conspiracies in
(1820-1), 117; Church government in,
145 sq.; hostility to Austria in, xi 75 sq.;
78 ; 81 ; and union with Piedmont, 84,
86, 90; 87 sq. ; and negotiations with
Austria, 92; 448; 479; ceded to Italy,
' 480, 540 sq. ; King Victor Emmanuel
and, 631. See also Venice
Venetz, Ignace, Swiss man of science, xi
260
Venezuela, dispute between Great Britain
and the United States over, vii 670 sqq.;
trade of, x 257; government of (1731),
274; 276; 288; invaded by Bolivar, 289;
290; struggle in (1816-30), 293 sqq.;
separates from Colombia, 296; under
Paez, ib.; and Bolivar's scheme of federa-
tion, 297; municipalities suppressed in,
298; royalists in, 306; seeks British aid,
307; dispute of, with Great Britain,
XII 52, 56, 687 sq., 721; 655; 672 sq. ;
690; 692; naval demonstration against,
695, 701; 696
Venice, the Turks and, i 68; wars of (1463),
76, 285 sq., (1470), 79, (1499), 87; loss of
Negroponte by, 79 sq.; Peace of, with
Turks (1479), 81, 286, (1503), 88; league
against France joined by (1494-5), 118,
362; attacks Julius II (1503), 244; de-
signs against, and League of Cambray,
130 sq., 246; War of the League, 132-4,
246; peace, 134, 247; Chap, viii passim;
trade of, in 14th century, 494; manu-
facture of glass and silk at, 496, 512;
library of San Giorgio founded at, 552;
Aldine press, 562; Neacademia, 561, 563;
disputes between the Papacy and, 657 sq.,
660 sq., 662; n 60; the Mediterranean
War and, 72; desire for reform in, 378;
the Reformation in, 381-4; iii 48; joint
embassy to, of Charles V and Ferdinand I,
115 sq.; and the Peace of 1540, 116; and
Peace with the Porte (1547), 120 sq.;
War of, with Selim II, 130 sqq.; battle
of Lepanto and the Peace, 135 sqq.; 390,
395, 406, 415, 423 sqq., 430 sqq., 450 sq.,
465,494; 497; trade of , with East Indies,
499 ; 541 ; relations of Holland with, 645 ;
General Index,
619
allied with Grisons, 684; and France,
686; Henry IV fails to win, 688; signifi-
cance of struggle of, with the Pope, 744;
and Styria, iv 11, 123; and Bohemia, 23;
and Valtelline, Chap, ii passim; the
Emperor's campaign against, 73 ; 75 ;
and Teace of Monzon, 88; 95; 98; 119;
league of, with France, 130; 134 sq.;
action of Seigniory of, 396, 398; and
Savoy, 626, 631; conspiracy against, 632
sq.; 639; 643; 666; Paul V and, 669
sqq.; 673; Treaty of Monzon and, 675;
Treaty between France, Sweden and, 679;
roused to rebellion, 686 sq.; and Turks,
V 40, 842, 359, 368; bank of, 266, 268,
270; and the Peace of Carlowitz, 371;
joins Holy League, 364; 365; 402; and
Eussia, 482 ; Galileo at, 713 ; Brunswick-
Liineburg Dukes and, vi 5; 30; 124;
149; John Law in, 177; and Austrian
Succession, 228; and Clement XI, 687;
and Benedict XIV, 590; Clement XIV
and, 594 ; 605 ; decline of, 606 sq. ; 675 ;
796; 812; Austro-Eussian designs on
(1795), VIII 441, 508, 550 ; government of,
655, 778; and Peace of Leoben, 583 sqq.;
fall of, 587; ceded to Austria (1797), 590
sqq.; government of Eepublic of, 778;
surrendered (at Campo Formio), ix 82;
commercial decline of, 87 ; 396 ; and the
kingdom of Italy, 386 ; Austrian dominion
over, 599; x 105; the Gazette of, 106;
Consalvi at, 132 ; Germanic Confederation
and, 843; xi 70; scientific congress in,
76; 81; the Eevolution (1848) in, 82 sq.;
and Salasco armistice, 89 ; and union with
Piedmont, 90; fall of (1849), 95; dis-
turbances at, 152; 874; 377; 884; 449;
Napoleon IH and, 450; ceded by Austria,
453 sq.; 457; Garibaldi and, 588; strike
at, XII 225; 227; 829. See aiso Venetia
Venier, Sebastian, in 135
Veniz^los, Cretan politician, xii 423
Venloo, falls into Parma's hands, iii 620;
surrender of William of Cleves at (1543),
II 244; besieged by Marlborough (1702),
V 406 ; ceded to the United Provinces, 459
Venner, Thomas, Fifth Monarchy preacher,
V 100; 118; 829
Venosta, The, Valtelline noble family, iv
48
Ventura, Gioacchino, Italian priest, xi 122 ;
712
Vera Cruz, trade of, v 684, vii 827, x 254,
256, 274; captured by Scott (1847), vii
896; English captives at (1567), x 253;
and slave trade, 260; sacked (1683), 272;
English trade to, 273; riot at (1808), 303;
General Prim lands at, xi 565; French
squadron at, xii 676
Verboczy, Stephen, Hungarian statesman,
I 337, 339
Vercelli, claimed by Spain, iii 400-1;
fortifications abandoned at, 410; Savoy
defeated at, iv 626
Verchni Udinsk, founded by Cossacks, xn
794
Verden, iv 390; bishopric of, claimed by
Sweden at Osnabriick, 403 sq.; duchy
of, included inHildesheim Alliance, 425;
432; 584; Sweden and, v 562; 613;
Hanover and, 650, 611, 615; Swedes ex-
pelled from (1676), 569, 652; occupied
by the Danes (1712), 582, 607, 610; vi
21 ; annexed to Hanover, 28 sq. , 36 ; 28 ;
34; 39; Sweden and, 104
Bishop of. See Frederick III, King
of Denmark, also Wartenberg
Verdi, Giuseppe, music of, x 130; xi546;
549
Verdier, French general, and Aragon, ix
438-9
Verdugo, Spanish commander, in 520; 626;
death of, 628
Count, Imperialist officer, iv 66
Verdun, occupied by Henry II (1552), n 87;
144; bishopric of, ceded to France, rv
404; 602; capitulates (1792), viii 242,
409 ; French retreat to, xi 589 ; Napoleon
III at, 590; 591
Aymard-C.-F.-M. de Nicolay, Bishop
of, VI 356
Vere, capitulates to British (1809), ix 858
Sir Francis, m 681, 668, 626,
635-6
Sir Horace, Baron Vere of Tilbury,
leader of English volunteers for Germany,
IV 34; 77 sq.; 82; killed, 693
Vereeniging, peace negotiations at, xn 643
Verelst, Harry, Governor of Bengal, vi 557
sq. ; 566
Verevkin, Colonel, xi 630
Vergara, agreement between Espartero and
Maroto at, x 240 sq.
Juan de, ii 400 sq.
Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count of,
French ambassador in Constantinople, vi
355; in Sweden, 358, 768; 379 sq.; and
American Peace, 461 sq.; 644; vii 210;
French Minister for Foreign Affairs, viii
82, 87, 281, 283 sq.; on the Council of
Finance, 96 sqq,, 101; death of, 102,
314, 323; policy of, in East, 810; in
United Provinces, 821, 823; ix 362
Vergerio, Pietro Paolo. See Capo d'Istria,
Bishop of
Vergerius, Pietro Paolo (the elder), De
Ingenuis Moribus, i 556
Vergil, Polydore, imprisoned by Wolsey,
I 489
Vergilius Maro, Publius, xi 422
Vergniaud, Pierre- Victurnien, viii 214, 223,
228, 237; in National Convention, 242,
249, 251; at King Louis XVI's trial,
258 sq.; 271, 274; trial and execution
of, 857
Verhoeff, Hendrik, and murder of the
de Witts, V 159
Verino, Ugolino, Florentine humanist, i
183
620
General Index,
Vermigli, Pietro Martire (Peter Martyr), at
the Colloquy of Poissy, n 302 ; 390, 391
sq., 393; in England, 477; 502, 608,
563, 589
Vermont, jurisdiction of, vn 300; 337;
encouragement of manufactures in, 354;
356; upholds Tariff, 381; abolition in,
388
Vermorel , Auguste - Jean - Marie , French
journalist, xi 486; 502
Vemadsky, Eussian politician, xn 348
Vernet, Horace, ix 135
Verneuil, Marquise de. See Entragues
Verney, Sir Edmund, iv 304
Verni, fort at, xi 273
Vernier, Comte Theodore, President of the
National Assembly, vrn 388
Verninac Saint-Maur, Eaimond, ix 99
Vernon, Sir Edward, Admiral, vi72; 454;
X 273
V^ron, Francois, Sieur de Forbonnais,
French writer, viii 70, 73
Jean, Protestant refugee in England,
n 477
Verona, restored to Venice (1516), i 487;
surrender of, by Maximilian I, ii 39;
revolt in (1797), viii 583 sqq. ; French
occupation of (1800), ix 68; Massena
at (1805), 258; xi 82; and War of
Independence, 85; 86; Eadetzky at, 88;
384
Congress of (1822), vn 369; x 31,
33-7; 79; Papacy and, 150 sq. ; 184;
186; and Spanish Question, 225 sq.; and
Spanish America, 308; xi 239, 682
Verona, Bishops of: —
Giammateo Giberti, ii 23, 33, 60,
398; Oratory of Divine Love and, 399;
640 sqq.; church reform and, 643 sqq.;
660; III 457, 459
Lippomanno, Luigi, and the Society
of Divine Love, ii 379 ; papal representa-
tive at the Council of Trent, 671
. Bernardo Navagero. See Navagero,
Cardinal
Verona, Guarino. See Guarino
Veronese, Paolo, Venetian painter, i 284
Verrazzano, Giovanni da, exploration of
coast of N. America by, i 36, 43 sq., 50
Verri, Count Pietro, Milanese economist,
vni 777 sqq.
Versailles, v 15; 17; James II at, 316;
Louis XV at, vi 132, 164; lit de justice
at (1787), VIII 106, (1788), 110; States
General at (1789), 145 sqq.; attack on
(Oct. 1789), 184 sq.; cavalry school at,
446; Museum of, x 494, 509; xi 498;
National Assembly at, 501 sqq., xii 91;
Germans at, xi 606, 609 ; 611 ; proclama-
tion of German Emperor at, 466, 612
first Treaty of (1756), vi 251 sqq., 320
sq., 336, 345, 400 sq., viii 314; second
Treaty of (1757), vi 262, 339, viii 308;
third Treaty of (1783), vi 342, 549, 677,
697, XI 776; (1870), xii 134
Versen, Major von, mission of, to Spain,
XI 571
Vershoor, Jacob, and Spinoza, v 754
Vertus, Holy Alliance announced at, x 9
Vervins, Peace of (1598), in 418, 420, 523
sq., 534, 540, 629, 674, 678, 682
Vesalius, Andreas, Belgian anatomist, in
394 ;,v 723 sqq.
Vesc, Etienne de, French printer, 1 109, 117
Vesoul, German force at, xi 609
Vespasiano da Bisticci, Florentine dealer in
Mss (1421-98), I 561 sqq.
Vespucci, Amerigo, i 24, 34 sq., 67
Guidantonio, Florentine lawyer, i
169, 176, 222
Vesselenyi, Francis, Palatine of Hungary,
V 351 sq.
Vesteras, Diet of (1527), n 625; Eecess of
(1627), 626; Ordinances of {Vesteras
ordinantie) , ib.; free school of, rv 187
Peter Magnusson, Bishop of, n 623
"Vestiarian Controversy," n 490
Vesuvius, eruptions of, vi 600, xn 228
Vetkoopers^ The, Frisian party, i 421
Vetter, Anton, Hungarian commander-in-
chief, XI 205
Vettori, Francesco, Florentine historian,
I 200; n 22 sq., 26
Veuillot, Louis, editor of L' Univers, xi 27 ;
34; 121; 286; 296; opposes Napoleon
III, 469; 626; 707; 714; and the
Syllabus, 716
Vial, Honore, French general, vm 601 sq.
Viale-Prela, Michele, Papal Nuncio in
Vienna, xi 77
Viana, Manoel Nunes, leader of Forasteiros,
V 679
Vianna, Nunez, Brazilian rebel leader, vi
390
Viasemski (Viazemsky), Prince, Eussian
statesman (1764), vi 682; 687; 693 sq.;
697
Prince Paul, censor, xi 625
Prince Peter, Eussian poet, x 431;
438 sq.
Viatka, annexed by Ivan the Great, v 479;
improvements in, xii 327; 376
Viau, Theophile de, French poet, iv 777
Viazma, Napoleon at, ix 499-500
Vibera, Leonor de, Spanish Eeformer, n
407 sq.
Viborg, Eusso-Swedish Alliance at (1609),
IV 176; captured by Eussians (1710), v
603 ; 614 ; ceded to Eussia, 615 ; province
of, added to Finland (1811), x 433 sq.;
meeting of ex-members of Duma at, xn
368; 374
Viborg, Bishops of : —
Jorgen Friis, n 610, 613
Paulus Juusten (Ordinary), n 629
Viborg, Jens, Lutheran preacher in Norway,
n 618
Vic, Dominique de, sent to Cambray (1696),
m 669
M^ry de, envoy to Grisons, iv 41 sq.
General Index.
621
490,
499
sqq.;
Vicalvaro, fight at, xi 560
Vicente, Gil, Spanish writer, i 380
Vieenza, siege of, by Carrara (1402), i
taken by Austrians, xi 86 sq.
Vichy, Huguenot forces at, in 29
Vicksburg, surrender of (1863), vn
505, 616; Farragut attacks (1862)
sq.; campaign of (1862-3), 501
551; naval operations against, 559 sq.
Vico, Giovanni Battista, iv 791; vni 777;
XII 817
Victor, Claude Perrin, Due de Belluna, ix
62 ; receives Belluna, 111 ; sent to Spain,
441; defeats Blake at Espinosa, 443;
and French invasion of Portugal, 449 sqq.;
at Cadiz, 456 sqq.; 464; and Eussian
campaign, 488 sqq.; at Laon, 551 ; adheres
to Bourbons, 621; x 74; 80
Victor Amadeus. See Savoy, Dukes of
Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia, rela-
tions of Austria with, ix 599 ; resignation
of territory by, 601
of, 108; and revolt
abdication of, 116 ;
Papacy with, 142 ;
lutionaries, 213
Emmanuel II, King of Italy, acces-
sion of, XI 93; and peace negotiations
(1849), 366 sq.; and Cavour, 369; 371;
and the clericals, 373; visits Paris and
London, ih. ; 374 ; alliance of, with
Napoleon III, 381, 478; and
with Austria, 383 sq. ; and
gotiations (1859), 384 sq.; 386;
cession of Nice and Savoy, 387;
in Naples, 389 sq. ; King of Italy, 390;
446; and Venice, 531; calls Kattazzi to
office, 532; and Garibaldi, 533; schemes
of, against Austria, 537 sq. ; 539; and
War with Austria (1866), 540; 541
544 ; 571 ; marriage of daughter of, 574
705; 708 sq. ; xn 14; and France, 116
at Berlin, 139; 213 sq. ; and Pius IX,
229; death of, 216
Emmanuel III, King of Italy, xn
122; accession of, 223; 225; and the
Papacy, 229; 414; 722
Victoria, colony of, created, xi 16; explora-
tion of, 792; gold in, 796, 798; 797;
population of, 799; development of, xn
620 sq. ; 623 sq. ; and immigration, 625 ;
626 sq.; labour parties in, 629; social
reforms in, 630 sq. ; 747 ; 751
(South Africa), fort at, xn 639
Falls (Zambesi river), discovered, xn
808
Lake, John Wood at, xn 801
Land, discovery of, xn 815
Nyanza Lake, discovery of, xn 439;
661 sq.; 809 sq.; 812
Empress of Germany, consort of
Frederick I, xn 163; 341
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,
accession of, x 674 ; and Lord Melbourne,
675; and Sir Eobert Peel, 678, 681;
C. itt. H.
X 13; restoration
in Piedmont, 114;
117 ; relations of
and Spanish revo-
War
ne-
and
388;
marriage of, ib.\ xi 10; and Spanish
marriages, 17, 33, 553; and Palmerston,
18, 320, 331; at Eu, 33, 37, 553; King
Frederick William IV and, 143; 214;
and Danish succession question, 226;
and Napoleon III, 308; and Lord Aber-
deen, 309; sends for Lord Derby, 328;
and death of Prince Consort, 336; and
Schleswig-Holstem, 338; 340; and Moldo-
Wallachia, 644; and Leopold I, 673;
787 ; xn 14 ; proclaimed Empress of
India, 32, 466, 474; 36; and electoral
reform, 42; Jubilee of, 46 sq. ; and
France, 97 ; and relations with Germany,
141 ; 266 ; 393 ; and King John of Abys-
sinia, 444; 503; and Siam, 535; death
of, 53
Victoria, Queen of Spain, consort of Alfonso
XIII, xn 266
iPrincess of Schaumburg-Lippe, xn
163
Victorius, Petrus (Pietro Victorio), Variae
Lectiones, i 567; 615
Victory, Nelson's flagship, at Trafalgar,
IX 229 sqq.
Vida, Marco, Poetica, i 564; n 15
Vidal, Franpois, French politician, xi 131
Portuguese leader in Brazil, revolt
of, against Dutch, iv 714
Vidin, XII 388; siege of, 390, 407
Vieira, Antonio, Jesuit, in Brazil, vi 390
Femandes, leader of the Portuguese
revolt in Brazil, iv 714; 753; v 674 sq.
Vielhorski, Count Joseph, Polish general,
X 451
Vielopolski, Alexander, Marquis, Polish
statesman, xi 628 sq.; 658 sqq.; xn 311
Vien, Joseph Marie, ix 135
Vienna, Hungarians expelled from (1490),
I 296 ; 314 ; University of, 325 ; captured
by Matthias Corvinus (1485), 335; Con-
gress of (1515), 344; besieged by Turks
(1529), 97 sq., n 61, 207; threatened
by Solyman the Magnificent (1532), 67,
(1543), 77; Polish embassies to, in 97-8;
cause and results of Solyman's siege of,
104-6; Turkish agent at, 108; Digby
sent to, 572; Fynes Moryson at, 696;
meeting of Archdukes at, 720, 735 ; em-
bassy from Union to, 726 ; Catholic party
in, IV 11; 22; Thurn at, 25, 27 sqq.;
31; march of Bohemian army on, 64;
71; Caraffa at, 73; University of, 77;
92; 94; 98; 100; 108; 114; Kichel's
correspondence and, 238; 240 sq. ; in
danger from the Swedes, 389; 391; 427
sq. ; Imperial succession and Court of,
429; 678; Cabinet of, and Urban VIH,
681; besieged by Turks (1683), v 41,
49, 340 sq., 360 sqq., 366, vi 4; v
347; 358; Prmce Eugene at, 370, 414;
threatened by Villars, 407 sqq.; 411;
417; the plague at, 451; flight of the
Tsarevich Alexis to, 539 ; 653 ; scientific
societies at, 741; vi 30; Eipperda's
622
General Index.
mission to, 139 sq. ; 151; and War of
Austrian Succession, 231 sqq. ; 240
276; 315 sq.; Pius VI at, 636; 637
Allies meet at (1822), vii 368 sq.
approach of Moreau to (1800), ix 68
Napoleon's advance on (1805), 256-8
269, 275, 317; convention with Prussia
concluded in (Jan. 1809), 344; attacked
by Napoleon (May, 1809), 350; Turkish
embassy at, 386; centre of government
for Lombardy and Venetia, x 106 ; Count
Confalonieri at, 118; Dom Miguel at,
317, 321; ministerial conferences at
(1834), 378; Galician students at, 462;
death of Duke of Eeichstadt at, 488;
Bank of, ix 415, x 746, xi 181 sq. ;
Liberal movement in, 45; revolution
(1848) in, 81, 88, 93, 151 sqq.; situation
in, 169 sqq.; 178 sq. ; insurrection in,
185 sq. ; investment of, 187 sq. ; capture
of, by Windischgratz, 189; 192; 206;
208; the Court at, 215; 284; 314;
316; peace conference at, 321; Imperial
Council at, 404; Burgtheater at, 416;
King William I of Prussia and, 455 sq. ;
Austro-Italian peace signed at, 541;
financial crisis in, xn 189; 202; 824
Vienna, Preliminaries of, vi 146 sq., 155;
Treaty of (1606), in 720 sq., 726; (1719),
VI 33; (1725), 57 sq., 141, 160, 202;
(1731), 60, 149, 202; (1805), ix 262 sq.,
265 sq.; (1815), v 620, x 9, 11, 16, 17,
203, XI 674; (1864), 442; Peace of (1738),
V 437; (1809), see Schonbrunn
Congress of, proposed, ix 564 ; Chaps.
XIX and xxi paHsim; position in Europe
after, x 1 sqq. ; slave trade condemned
by, 19; 44; effect of, upon Italy, 104,
111, 130; Consalvi at, 184 sq., 141; and
ecclesiastical affairs in Germany, 145;
and Bavaria, 146 ; and Eastern question,
175; and Spain, 211; and Germanic
Confederation, 343 sq.; 369; and Poland,
445 sq., 457, 473 sq. ; and republic of
Cracow, 460 ; and Galicia, 461 ; and grand
duchy of Warsaw, 463 sq. ; and Nether-
lands, 524; XI 236 sq., 244, 691
Conference (1819-20) of, Final Act
(1820), X 22; 366 sqq., 372
Anton, Bishop of, Wallenstein and,
IV 238; 240
Melchior Klesl, Bishop of Neustadt
and. See Klesl
(nearWashington), Federals fired on,
at (1861), vn 464
Vienne, Council of (1311), i 537, (1313),
V 631
Vienne, Archbishops of: —
J.-G. Lefrane de Pompignan, vni
116, 156, 186
Charles de Marillac, n 297 sq.
Pierre Palmier, n 411
Vierklosterstreit, The, in 718
Vierkdnigshiindniss, The, xi 223
Viervoet, fight at, xi 784
Vierzehnheiligen, French occupation of
(1806), IX 276
Vieta, Francis, mathematician, v 709 sq.
Vieusseux, Pietro, at Florence, x 128; and
scientific congress at Pisa, ib.
Vigamy, Philip de, Spanish sculptor, i 382
Vigevano, armistice concluded at, xi 89
Viglius, President of Privy Council of
Netherlands, ni 188, 191-2, 198-9, 226
Vignale, conference at, xi 366
Vignerte, French republican, x 491
Vignier, Nicolas, French historian, m 63
Vignola, Giacomo Barozzio da, one of the
architects of St Peter's, m 441
Vigny, Alfred de, French poet, vi 832; x 101
sq.; 514 sq.; influence of Byron and Scott
upon, 725 sq. ; xi 508; character and
poetry of, 512; 514 sq. ; 519; historical
novels of, xn 831
Vigo, French fleet destroyed at (1702), v
412; capture of, vi 35; 125; Allemand
puts into, IX 225; Villeneuve retires to,
226, 251; French ship taken at, 238
Vigodet, Gaspar, Captain-general of Madrid,
x222
Vilagos, Hungarian surrender at, xi 213
Vilain, Adrian, Lord of Kasenghien, i 447
Vilate, Joachim, French political agent,
vra 367
Villach in Carmthia, Charles V in, u 87,
272
Villadarias, Marquis of, at Gibraltar, v 413
Villa-de-Conde, Dom Pedro's fleet at, x 328
Villa Flor. See Terceira, Duke of
Villafranca, Philip II's power in, ni 400;
Emmanuel Philibert surprised at, 410;
Treaty of, xi 331 sq. ; 384 sq., 468
Pedro de Toledo, Marquis of, Viceroy
of Naples, ii 70 sq., 81, 88
Villa Gandolfo, Papacy and, xn 229
Villalar, rout of the Comuneros at (1521),
I 375, n 42
Villanova d' Asti, retained by France, n
94, in 400
Villanueva, Joaquin L., x 219 sq.
Villanuova, retained by France (1559), n 94
Villarejo de Salvanes, General Prim at, xi
567
Villaret, J. Chrysostom de. See Casal,
Bishop of
Villaret-Joyeuse, Comte Louis-Thomas,
French admiral, vm 391, 466 sqq.; and
invasion of England, 473 ; at Martinique,
IX 221
Villari, Pasquale, Italian historian, xn 217;
232; 842
Villarias, Marquis of, Spanish statesman,
VI 65 sqq.; 156; 159; Elisabeth Famese
and, 166; 361
Villars, Claude - Louis - Hector, Duke of.
Marshal of France, v 26; 52; 67;
threatens Vienna, 407 sq. ; recall of,
408; 414; 416; captures Stolhofen, 418;
423 sq. ; defeated at Malplaquet, 425 sq. ;
428; success of Marlborough against,
General Indeoo.
623
431; at Denain, 433 sq.; on the Rhine,
435; and Peace of Bastatt, 435, 451
sq.; VI 146; 152 sqq.
Villars, League commander, defends Eouen
(1591-2), in 51; Governor of Kouen,
663, 669, 675
Villa Ruffi, political arrests at, xn 214
Villastellona, Prince Eugene at, v 416
Villavelha, capture of, vi 426
Villa Viciosa, besieged (1665), v 34; battle
at (1706), 428; Godoy prisoner at, rx
431
Villebon, Governor of Acadia, vn 111
Villedeuil, Laurent de, French Comptroller-
General, vni 104; resigns, 107
Villegagnon. See Durand
Vill^le, Jean-Baptiste-G.-M.-S.-J., Comte
de, X 31; 35; 47; electoral proposal of,
49 sqq.; 54; 56 sqq.; attacks Decazes
Ministry, 60; 61 sq. ; and new electoral
scheme, 64; 67 sq.; succeeds Richelieu,
70, 74; 73; policy of, 75; Ministry of
(1821-7), 75-91; financial schemes of,
82 sq., 85 sq. ; resignation of, 91; and
Martignac, 92 ; 94 ; and elections of 1827,
95; 96 sq. ; and Spanish affairs, 224
sqq.
Villemain, Abel-Franpois, French politician,
z 59, 89, 93, 102 sq.; and revolution
of 1830, 476 sq.; 508; 511; writings of,
514; 516; xi 34 sq.; succeeded by Sal-
vandy, 36; 525
Villeneuve, Pierre-C.-J.-B.-Silvestre de,
French admiral, vm 480; in command
of Toulon squadron, ix 218; sails for
West Lidies, 219; captures Nelson's
despatches, 220; sails for Cartagena,
220; ordered to attack India, 222;
ordered to Martinique, *6.; sails for
West Indies, 225; returns to Ferrol,
225; retires to Corunna, 226-7; con-
centrates at Cadiz, ib.\ 228; ordered
to Channel, t&.; 229; at Trafalgar, 230
sqq. ; retires to Vigo, 251
Marquis de, French ambassador in
Turkey, vi 304
Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Turenne at, r?
617
Villeneuve-sur-Lot, rising at, xi 137
Villequier, member of Henry Ill's Council,
in 26
Villeroi (Villeroy), Francois de Neufville,
Duke of. Marshal of France, v 262; in
Italy, 402 sq.; in Netherlands, 408;
joins Tallard in Alsace, 410; 411; op-
posed by Marlborough, 414 ; at Ramillies,
415 sq.; vi 131; 144
Nicolas de Neufville, Seigneur de,
French Secretary of State, m 43, 62,
661-5; 691; iv45; 118; superseded, 122
Nicholas de Neufville, Seigneur de,
ambassador in England, i 489
Villers-Cotterets, Edict of (1539), n 96,
IX 164; 169
Villersexel, engagement at, xi 609
Villetaxd, Comte Alexandre-E.-P., vm 677
Secretary to Embassy at Venice,
vra 586
Villiers, Charles Pelham, and Com Laws,
XI 9; 21
Christopher, m 570
Edward, Earl of Jersey. See Jersey
Sir Edward, ra 570
Elizabeth, Countess of Orkney. See
Orkney
George, Duke of Buckingham. See
Buckingham
Hyde, x 660; 680
du Terrage, R. B. de, vm 605
Villingen, v 407 ; attacked by Tallard, 410
Villon, Francois, i 415
Vilmanstrand, Swedish defeat at, vi 310,
760; 314
Vilna, Jesuits established in diocese and
town of, m 83, 102; Palatine of, 88;
capital of Lithuania, v 480; Russians
expelled from (1794), vra 542; reoccu-
pied, 546; captured by French (1812),
rx 490; Napoleon at, 491; Murat at, 509;
proposed appointment of Metropolitan at,
X 141; University of, 430 sq., 459, xr
267; X 440; Patriotic Society in, 454;
Russian administration of, 459 sq. ; 468 ;
xn 336; strike in, 350; 373
Constantino Brzostowski, Bishop of,
VI 192
Vilvoorde, taken by Parma, in 618 ; Prince
Frederick at, x 535 sq.
Vimiero, British attacked by French at
(1808), IX 440-1
Vindver, Russian politician, xn 341
Vincennes, plot at, m 23-4; escape of
Beaufort from, rv 609; rebel Princes
imprisoned at, 612; Castle of. Due
d'Enghien at, ix 31; xi 100; revolu-
tionaries imprisoned at, 110
(Indiana), captured by Hamilton
(1777-8), vn 222; recaptured by Clarke
(1778), i6.; 356
Vincent, Fran?ois-Nicolas, revolutionary
agent, vm 360, 362, 424
Henry, political agitator, x 682 sq.
Freiherr Karl von, Austrian general,
ambassador at Paris, ix 320; at Brussels,
x520
Colonel, sent to Paris by Toussaint
L'Ouverture, ix 421
Vincent de Paul, Saint, iv 156; 621; v 78;
80
Vinci, Leonardo da, n 13 sq.; v 724;
738 sq.
Vinciguerra, Antonio, ra 459
Vincke, Georg von, Prussian statesman,
XI 58; 158; 165; 195; and Frankfort
Constitution, 218; 397
Ludwig, Baron von, x 353
Vindicice contra Tyrannos (probably by
Duplessis-Momay), ra 760-4, 769
Vinegar Hill, captured by Lake (1798), ix
702
39—2
624
General Index.
"Vineland," discovered by Northmen, i
19 sqq., 33, 50
Vinet, Alexandre Bodolphe, Swiss critic
(d. 1847), XI 261; 525; xii 114
Vinius, Andrei, v 525
Vinje, Aasmund, Norwegian poet, xi 702
Vinkovo, Murat defeated at (1812), nc 498
Vinogradoff, Paul, Bussian historian, xn
315; 333; 850
Vinoy, Joseph, French general, xi 499;
597; 600
Vintimille, Pauline-F^licit^, Marquise de,
and Louis XV, vi 164; 330
Vinuesa, parish priest of Tamaj6n, the
murder of, x 223
Vio, Tommaso de (Cajetan), Cardinal, n
16, 20, 28, 30, 132, 138, 641; in 737
Viollet, Paul, French jurist, xn 850
Vionville. See Mars-la-Tour
Virag, Benedict, Hungarian writer, xi 422
Virarajendra Wodiyar, Bajah of Coorg, xi
730
Viret, Pierre, ii 293, 368
Virginia, named in compliment to Queen
Elizabeth, in 333; attempt to colonise,
662; province of, rv 747; Dutch for-
bidden to trade in, 470; Charles II
and, V 101; vi 52; 187; trade of, 447;
vn 2-10, 11 ; 53 sq. ; economic condi-
tions in, 55 sq. ; religious conditions in,
58, 145; taxation in, 66 sq.; 68; and
Boston, 160; disaffection in, 164, 169,
730 ; writs of assistance in, 181 ; charter
of, 198 sq. ; British raid into (1779),
220 ; Constitution of, 237 sqq. ; and
Annapolis Convention (1786), 244; and
Constitutional Convention, 246 sq., 249,
251 sq., 255, 263 sq., 275, 278, 281 sqq.,
286, 298 sqq., 302; opposition to the
Constitution in, 308 ; representation of,
306 ; cessions in, 308 ; trade regula-
tions in, 311 sq.; encouragement of
manufactures in, 354 ; and Tariff, 381 ;
slavery in, 386 sq., 401 sq., 439, 587;
statesmen of, 407; white population of
(1860), 415; and secession, 453 sqq.,
581, 603; McClellan in (1862), 472 sqq.;
emancipation in, 595; contraband trade
in, 620; reconstruction in, 625, 632 sq. ;
Army of, 477
West, State of, admitted to Union
J1863J, vn 456; Federal conquest of
(1861), 457, 470; and emancipation,
593 sqq. ; becomes Democratic, 642
Company, iv 748, vn 12 sqq., 73.
See also London Company and Plymouth
Company
Virginian Convention (1775), The, vii
164
Viru6s, Fray Alonso, Spanish Beformer, n
401
Viry, Count of, Sardinian envoy to England,
VI 424
Visch, ex-Procurator, hanged at Ghent, m
251
Vischer, Peter, Maximilian I's tomb at
Innsbruck and, i 326
Visconti, Dukes of Milan. See Milan,
Dukes of
Bemab6, murder of, iv 35
Bianca, married to Francesco Sforza,
I 281
Carlo, at Council of Trent, n 679
Ennio Quirino, Italian archaeologist,
xn 842
Giammastino, and the Valtelline, rv
35
Giulio, Viceroy of Naples, vi 153
Valentina. See Orleans, Duchess of
Milanese advocate, one of Cisalpine
Triumvirate, ix 84
Visconti-Venosta, Emilio, Marquis, Italian
Foreign Minister, xi 543; xn 215
Vishnegradsky, Bussian Minister of Finance,
xn320; 323
Vishnyakoff, Bussian resident at Stambul,
VI 306
Visions of Philander, iv 425
VisitaUhog, The, by Peder Plade, n 616
Visotsk, military colony in, x 416
Visscher, Anna, iv 718; 720; poetry of,
721
Maria (Tesselschade), iv 718; corre-
spondence of Hooft with, 720; poetry of,
721
Boemer, and Dutch letters, rv 718
Vistula river, bridged at Warsaw, in 86;
V 597 ; meeting of Tsar Peter I and
Augustus II on, 602 ; 629 ; 631 ; 634 ; vi
196; French reverses on, 197; 304; 322;
326 ; 328 ; fortifications on, 729 ; 732 sq.
Vitebsk, district of, vi 669; Bagration at,
IX 491; 498; Bussians capture (1812),
500; Bussian administration of, x 459;
469; xn 339; disorder in, 354
Vitelli, Alessandro, Imperial general, in
387
Paolo, condottiere, i 192
Vitellozzo, Cesare Borgia and, 1 193,
195, 673
Viterbo, rising at, x 156
Vitovt, Prince of Lithuania, i 345
Vitrier, Jean, heretical preacher at Toumay,
I 681
Vitrolles, Eug^ne-Franpois-Auguste d'Ar-
naud. Baron de, French royalist emissary
to Tsar, ix 555; 560-1; advice of, 574;
besieged in Toulouse, 617 ; x47; 56; 65;
476
Vitry, Napoleon at, ix 554
Nicolas-Marie de I'Hospital, Marquis
de, French envoy in Poland, v 359 sq.
Vittoria, occupied by French (1795), vm
441 ; Joseph Bonaparte at, ix 477 ; battle
of (1813), 478, 521
Vittorino da Feltre, humanist and educator,
I 543, 556 sqq.
Vittsjo, Gustavus surprised near (1612), iv
179
Vivarais, revolt in, v 9
General Index,
625
Vivarino, Luigi, Giovanni Antonio, and
Bartolommeo, Venetian painters, i 284
Vives, Luis, Spanish humanist, i 879
Vivian, Sir Eichard Hussey, 1st Baron,
lieutenant-general, cavalry brigade of, at
Waterloo, ix 739-40
Viviani, French socialist, xn 127 sq.
Vivien, Alexandre-Frangois-Auguste, French
politician, xi 115
Nicolaas, Pensionary of Dort, v 145;
155
Vivier, Nicolas- Joseph, French Communist,
vm 371
Viviers, C. de la Font de Savine, Bishop of,
vni 198
Vizille, irregular assembly of Estates of
Dauphin^ at, vin 113, 116
Vizthum, Count, chamberlain to Augustus
II, V 602
Vlacich, Mattia. See Illyricus, M. Flacius
Vlad IV, Prince of Wallachia, resists the
Turks, I 82 sq.
Vladimir, trade depression in, xn 319
Vladimir I (the Saint), Tsar, v 477; 483 sq.
II Monomakhos, Tsar, v 484
Vladivostok, founded, xn 344; 362; railway
to, 507, 521; 577 sq.; Eussian ships at,
579; 582 sq.; 589 sq.; 596; 599 sq.; post-
road to, 792, 794; ceded to Eussia, 796
Vlie, Dutch vessels destroyed in the (1666) ,
v 187
Vlytingen, British force at, vi 248
Vodzicki, President of the Eepublic of
Cracow, x 460
Vorosmarty, Michael, Hungarian poet, xi
425; 427; 430 sq.
Voet, Gisbert (Voetius), theologian, iv 788;
V 82; 753 sqq.; 757
Vogel, Eduard, travels of, in Africa, xn
810 sq.
Vogelsberger, Sigismund, n 268
Vogorides, Alexander (Aleko Pasha),
Governor-General of Eastern Eumelia,
xn 405
Vogt, Karl, German zoologist and politician,
XI 200; 260
Vogii^, Vicomte E. M. de, xn 119
Voice, The, journal, xn 309; 312; 338 sq.
Voigt, Johannes, German historian, xn 824
Voigtland, The, raided by Hoik, iv 235
Voigts-Ehetz, Constantin Bernard von,
German general, xi 590
Voirol, French general, in Algeria, x 503
Voisin, Daniel-FrauQois, Chancellor of
France, vi 121
Voiture, Vincent, iv 156; v 70
Volga river, Bashkir rising on (1707), v 597 ;
peasant settlements on, vi 690 ; navigation
of, xn 491 ; 793
Volhynia, Swedish army in, v 594 ; vi 198 ;
Austria and, 630; Grand Priory of
Knights of St John at, ix 39; Eussian
army in (1812), 490; Patriotic Society
in, X 453 sq.; Eussian administration of ,
459 sq.; 469; Polish raid in, 471
Volkovisk, Eussian army at, ix 490
Volmar, Isaac, iv 400
Volney, Constantin Francois Chasseboeuf,
Comte de, ix 132
Vologda, military centre at, v 500
Volta, Count Alessandro, xn 786
Voltaire, Franpois-Marie Arouet de, v 69 sq.;
VI 79; and Fleury, 162; 165; and
Frederick the Great, 267, 298 ; 416 ; 589 ;
and Catharine II, 657, 664, 678, 686,
698; 724; and Eousseau, 825 sq.; 833;
vin 4, 7; Letters on the English, 9 sq.;
Dictionary, 11; 12 sqq., 25, 28, 32,
35; in exile, 56; 71; pamphlet of, in
favour of Turgot, 87; and Penal Code,
743 sq.; ix 169; xi 421; 424; historical
works of, 523; 524; 526; xn 767; 817;
849
Volterra, Pius IX educated at, xi 72
Voltri, French brigade sent to, vm 565
Voltumo, battle of, xi 536
Voluinsky, Artamon, Eussian Minister at
Ispahan, v 544
Volunteers, the Irish, rise of, vi 496 sqq.;
English movement which founded the,
XI 332 sq.
Vonck, Francis, Belgian politician, vi 652
sq.; vra 786
Vondel, Joost van den, dramatic works of,
IV 718 sq.; 720 sq.; xi 676
Voniza, Ali of Janina captures, x 176;
meeting at, xi 641
Vonkassowitch. See Vukassovich
Voorstonden, van, Dutch plenipotentiary at
the Congress of Vienna, ix 586
Vorarlberg, Kray tries to reach, ix 58;
Moreau and, 64; Allies in (1804), 250;
retreat of Jellachich to, 255; ceded to
Bavaria (1805), 262; Austrian acquisition
of (1815), 658
Voronezh, fleet built at, v 521 sq.; 600; xn
327; 329; disorder in, 354; 362
Voronicz, John-Paul. See Warsaw, Arch-
bishop of
Vorontsoff, Elizabeth, mistress of Peter III,
VI 660 sq.
Count Michael, Grand Chancellor of
Eussia, VI 311; 322; 327
Vorontzdff-Dashkoff, Count, Viceroy of the
Caucasus, xn 353
Vorpommem. See Pomerania, Western
Vorstius (Everard van Voorst), iv 717
Vos, Jan, Dutch dramatist, iv 720
Vosges mountains, evacuated by Prussians
(1794), vra 437; xi 580; 582; 585; 604;
xn 159; and German frontier, 136; 159
Voss, Johann Heinrich, vni 773; poetry
of, X 387; 396
Vossem, Peace of (1673), v 650
Vossius (Gerard John Vos), Dutch humanist,
I 579; n 718; iv 717; 720
Vota, Charles Maurice, Italian Jesuit. ▼
663
Vougiers, German army at, xi 597
Voysey, John, Bishop of Exeter, n 601
626
General Index,
Voysin, Daniel-Frangois, French Secretary
of State, V 2
Vranya, Servian victory at, xn 390; 396
Vries, Gerrit de, Dutch statesman, xn 243
Vrioni, Omar, x 185
Vronchenko, Eussian Minister of Finance,
XI 266
Vuchidol, Turks defeated at, xn 387
Vucovics, Sabbas, Hungarian Minister of
Justice, XI 212
Vukassovich, Baron Joseph Philip von,
Austrian commander, vm 666; ix 61
Vukcic, Stephen, Voivod of Herzegovina,
I 71 sq.
Vulgate, Trent publication of, by Sixtus V,
m 445
Vulliemin, Louis, Swiss historian, xi 261
Vulpius, Grisons leader, escape of, iv 65
Vuyst, Dutch Governor of Ceylon, v 696
Vylezynski, Thaddaeus, Polish colonel, x
467; 469
Vysocki, Peter, Polish officer, x 464; 466
Waag river, Imperial fortress on, v 348,
350; Hungarian force on, xi 210
Waardgelders, Dutch troops raised in 1616,
ra 649, 650-2
Wachau, Napoleon at, ix 535
Waohtmeister, Hans, Swedish statesman
and officer, v 573 sq. ; 578 ; 582
Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich, x 398 sq.;
401; 403; 407
Wadai, xn 130; Vogel in, 810
Waddington, William Henry, French states-
man, supports Thiers, xn 107; 113; 239 ;
Foreign Minister, 394; at the Berlin
Congress, 898
Wade, Benjamin Franklin, American states-
man, vn 429, 469, 624, 653
■ George, Field-Marshal, vi 107; 114;
240
Sir Thomas Francis, ambassador to
Peking, xn 501 sq.
Wadi Haifa, defence of, xn 447; 448
Wadi-Ras, fighting at, xi 564
Waerdenburgh, Colonel Diederik van, iv707
Wagener, Hermann, editor of Neu£ Prems-
ische (Kreuz-) Zeitung, xi 192; 396
Wager, Sir Charles, British admiral, v 551 ;
VI 60; 145; 147; 150
Waghausel, engagement at, xi 221
Waghom, Thomas, and the overland route
to India, xn 430; 439
Wagner, Adolf, German economist, xn 155
Gabriel, rv 791
Heinrich Leopold, x 386
Richard, operas of, xi 415; xn 14
Wagram, battle of (1809), ix 239, 353 sq. ;
"grand battery" of, 345; conduct of
Austrians at, 346; Archduke John and,
355; 359
Wahabi, State of, regains independence, xn
429
Wahabites, ix 385; successes of, 387
Wahlkapitulation, m 143, 180
Waiblinger, Wilhelm Friedrich, German
poet, X 406
Waidhaus, Mansfeld dislodged from, iv 78
Waikato district, the Maori in, xi 799
Wairau valley, xi 793
Waitangi, Treaty of, xi 793, 800
Waitara, the Maori and, xi 799 sq.
Waite, Sir Nicholas, at Bombay, v 700 sq.
Waitz, Georg, German historian, xi 164;
xn 827; 850
Waitzen, occupied by Ferdinand's troops,
in 118 ; Hungarian army at, xi 204 ; 206
Wake, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
VI 78
Wakefield, Captain Arthur, in New Zealand,
XI 793
Edward Gibbon, colonial statesman,
XI 16; 765 sq.
Gilbert, vm 764 sq. ; letters of Grey
to, IX 676
William Hayward, in New Zealand,
XI 793
Wakeman, Sir George, physician, v 220",
224 sq.
John, Bishop of Gloucester, n 467
Walachs. See Roumans
Walaeus, Dutch preacher, m 654
Walcheren, Calvinist attempt on, m 211;
captured by Sea Beggars, 230, 498;
communication with, cut off, 242; the
Treaty of Dover and, v 154, 204 ; British
expedition to (1809), is. 139, 238-9, 343,
357 sqq., 369, 688; annexed by Napoleon
(1810), 370
Waldburg, George Truchsess von, invades
Wiirtemberg, n 181 ; suppresses Peasants'
Rising, 182, 189 sq.
Otto Truchsess von. Cardinal Bishop
of Augsburg. See Augsburg
Waldeck, revolutionary movement in, xi
150
Benedikt Franz Leo, Prussian politi-
cian, XI 193
Count Franz von. See Miinster,
Bishop of
■ Prince George Frederick of, and
Frederick William of Brandenburg, iv
426 sqq., 430; passes into service of
Sweden, 429; v 59; 151; 160; 167;
and Bmndenburg, 642 sq., 655 ; 661 ; vi 4
Waldeck - Rousseau, Pierre - Marie - Ren4,
French statesman, xn 113; 121; 127
Waldegrave, James Waldegrave, 1st Earl,
VI 63; 162
Maria, Countess Dowager, married
to the Duke of Gloucester, vi 445
Waldemar II, King of Denmark, v 620
Ill (Atterdag), King of Denmark,
u 600
the Victorious, King of Denmark
(1204-41), n 599
(the False). See Brandenburg
■ Prince, of Denmark, xn 409
Waldenses, massacre of (1545), n 289 sq.
Waldkirch. Provost of. n 203
General Index.
627
Waldmann, Hans, Swiss statesman, n
311 sq.
Waldmtinchen, Anstrians in, vi 240
Waldorfer, Venetian printer, i 284
Waldshut, Peasants' Eising at, n 178,
190 ; the Christian Union established at,
330
Wales, Eoyalist rising in North, iv 640;
rising in South (1648), 348 sq.; agri-
culture in, X 740; Liberalism in, xn 31;
and disestablishment, 49, 51 ; University
of, 763
Walewski, Alexandre-Florian-Joseph Co-
lonna, Comte, French Foreign Minister,
XI 327 sq. ; dismissal of, 387; and Napo-
leon's Italian policy, 468; 482; mission
of, to Buenos Ayres, xn 681
Waif art und Strasse zu Sant Jacob, pilgrims'
guide-book, n 106
Walfisch Bay, British occupation of, xn
638; 659
Walke, Henry, American admiral, vn 497
Walker, David, writes Walker's Appeal, vn
386 sq.
Francis Amasa, American statistician,
vn 703
Wall, Richard, Spanish Minister of Foreign
Affairs, vi 344; 364 sq.; 367; retires,
370
Wallace, Alfred Russel, xn 772
Sir Donald Mackenzie, xi 274; 617
Lewis, American general, vn 631
Thomas, Baron Wallace, Vice-
President of Board of Trade, x 586
Wallachia, and Turkish struggle, i 82 sqq.;
Transylvania and, v 339, 344; vi 630;
Turkey and, 634 ; 648; 672; 674; Joseph
II and, vm 324; Russian annexation of,
IX 308, (1808), 320, 485; hospodars of,
386; and Treaty of Bucharest, x 169;
suppression of the revolt in, 179; 188;
occupied by Russia (1829), 444; rising in,
SI 206 ; 276 ; 281 sqq. ; Napoleon III and,
306; 321; independence of , 323 ; Russian
occupation of (1853), 314, 316 sq., 401;
union of, with Moldavia, 633, 643 sq. See
also Danubian Principalities
Hospodar of (1709), v 601
and Moldavia, Prince of. See Couza
Wallenstein (Waldstein), Albrecht, Graf von
{afterwards Duke of Mecklenburg and
Prince of Friedland), iv 26 sq. ; 71 sqq.;
81; 87; 92; Prince of Friedland, 93;
in Lower Saxony, 94; at Dessau Bridge,
95 sqq.; sends an agent to Brunswick
(1626), 96; 98 sqq.; at height of his
power, 103; Duke of Mecklenburg, 104;
105 sq. ; besieges and fails before Stral-
sund, 107 sqq.; and Peace of Liibeck, 109
sq. ; and Edict of Restitution, 111 sqq.;
dismissal of, 114 sqq.; character of,
117; return of, 141; 195 sq.; 198; army
of, 200; 203 sq. ; negotiations between
Gustavus Adolphus and, 192, 206; 207;
; 212 ; takes possession of Prague,
213; 214 sqq.; campaign before Niim-
berg of, 217 sq. ; 219 sq. ; at battle of
Liitzen, 221; 222; end of, see Chap, vn;
277 ; 364 ; 372 ; would-be arbiter of peace
in Empire, 395; 400; 680; murder of,
143, 276, 683; v 338; 372; 638
Wallenstein, Maximilian von, rv 242
Waller, Edmund, Royalist plot of, iv 314;
343; poetry of, v 70, 132; 210
Sir Hardress, in Ireland, iv 647
Sir William, iv 304 ; at Portsmouth,
805; 312; defeated at Roundway Down,
313; 314 sq.; member of Committee
of Both Kingdoms, 320; victory of, at
Cheriton, 322; invests Oxford, 323; 324
sq.; at Taunton, 328; imprisonment of,
447
Wallhof, Swedish victory of (1626), iv 182,
185
Wallingford, William KnoUys, Viscount
{afterwards Earl of Banbury), m 567
Wallis, canton of. See Valais
John, mathematician, v 710 sq.;
713
Count Olivier, Austrian commander,
vm 444 sq.
Wallmerode, Count, and Wallenstein, iv241
Wallon, Henri- Alexandre, French politician,
xn 110
Wallop, Sir John, n 457
Wallqvist, Olaf. See Wexi5, Bishop of
Walmer, Melville at, ix 682, 684
Walmoden-Gimbom, Count Johann Ludwig
von, Field-Marshal, vm 431
L. G. T., Count von, abandons
Hamburg, ix 620; in Hanover, 530
Walpole, Horace, Earl of Orford. See
Orford
Sir Robert, Earl of Orford. See
Orford
Sir Spencer, historian, xn 841
Spencer Horatio, Home Secretary,
XI 331
• of Wolterton, Horace, 1st Baron,
English ambassador at Paris, v 656; vi
27; 54; 148; 308
Walsh, Anthony, Jacobite, vi 111
Peter, Irish Franciscan, v 304
William J., Roman Catholic Arch-
bishop of Dublin, xn 85
Walsingham, Sir Francis, ra 15-17, 20, 34,
291, 331, 600, 502
William de Grey, Lord, Attorney-
General, VI 437; 441
Waltensburg, Grey Leaguers of, rv 36
Walter (a Water), John, of Cork, supporter
of Warbeck, i 470, 473
Sir John, suspension of, iv 281
Walters, Lucy, v 226
Walton, Colonel Valentine, army and, rr
545, 647
Walzmiiller, Martin, of St Di^ in Lorraine,
printer (1507), i 35
Wana, included in the frontier province.
xn 490
628
General Index,
Wandesforde, Sir Christopher, Strafford's
deputy, IV 621; death of, ib.
Wandiwash, battle of, vi 548
Wangenheim, Freiherr Karl August von,
Wiirtemberg statesman, x 343; 360 sq.;
362; opposes Mettemich, 368; 369
Baron von, Hanoverian Minister, xi
220
Wangting, Great Britain and, xn 508
Wapowski, Castellan of Przemysl, ni 89
•'War of the Three Henrys," in 40 sqq.
Wara, Vogel murdered at, xn 810
Warbeck, Perkin (the pretended Duke of
York), I 451 sq., 468 sqq., 472 sq.; m
579
Warburton, William, Bishop of Gloucester,
VI 78; 431
Ward, Artemas, American general, vn 168
John ("Captain Ward"), pirate, m
541
William George, theologian, and the
Oxford Movement, xi 349; 716
United States Minister in China, xi
817; 821
Warde, Luke, m 309
Warden, Major, repulsed by the Basutos,
XI 784
Wardle, Gwyllym Lloyd, and the army
commissions scandal, ix 688
Wardship, finally abolished as a feudal
incident, v 94
Ware, Sir James, historian, vi 800
Wargaon, Convention of, vi 576
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, I 491, 612, 644; n 428, 436, 439
Wark Castle, siege of (1523), n 422
Warkworfch, the Old Pretender proclaimed
at, VI 98
Warmia (Ermeland), m 83; and Gustavus
Adolphus, IV 186; and Treaty of Konigs-
berg, 428; bishopric of, v 634, vi 669;
Prussia and, v 667; vi 730 sq.
(Ermeland), Andrew Chrysostom,
Bishop of, V 663
Warnemlinde, Peter the Great and, v
611
Warner, Thomas, at St Kitts, iv 758;
VII 74
Warneton, ceded to France, v 45; and
Barrier Treaties, 459
Warnsfeld, death of Sidney at, m 622
Waroux, The, faction in Li^ge, i 422
Warrego river, exploration of, xi 795
Warren, Sir Charles, General, in South
Africa, xn 638
Kemble,
■ Gouverneur
general, vn 538
James, of
161
American
Boston, vn 146, 151,
Sir John, rx 234
Sir John Borlase, commodore, vin
472, 476; ix 234
Sir Peter, Vice- Admiral, vi 248 ; vn
115 sq.
Warrington, Boyalists at, iv 540
Warsaw, rivals Cracow, in 76; Edict
of (1557), 80; national convention at
(1573), 84; Compact of, 85-7; Stephen
Bathory enters, 99; banished Nuncio
returns to, 100; battle of (1656), iv 428;
Swedish expedition to (1655), 581 sqq. ;
seized by Sweden, v 505 ; Charles XH at,
692; seized by Augustus (1704), 693 sq.;
VI 152; Stanislaus in, 195 ; 196; Kussian
agents in, 667; 670; Eussians evacuate
(1794), vin 642; Prussians attack, 546;
Eussians capture, 547; Louis XVHI at
(1803), IX 28; Davout advances on, 281;
Bennigsen occupies (1806), 283; Na-
poleon at, 284--5; French troops in,
315-6; Archduke Ferdinand occupies
(1809), 354; Decree of Napoleon from
(1807), 366; duchy of, formed, 293-4,
336-40; frontier of, 325; Austrian de-
signs on, 346-7, 353-4, 486; suggested
abolition of, 521; partition of, 679, 591
sqq.; grand duchy of, x 353, 413, 430,
445 sqq.; primacy of, established, 424;
Zaluski library removed from, 431 ; 439 ;
taken by Eussia (1831), 444, 473; city
improvements in, 449 ; Archbishopric of,
t&. ; University of, ih. ; Nicholas I in,
458 sq.; Land Bank in, 462; secret
association in, 464 ; 465 ; rising (1830) in,
466 sqq.; Eussian government in, 474;
meeting of the Emperors at, xi 210 ; 229 ;
266; insurrection in, 434, 475; Council
of State at, 628; University of, 629;
659 ; growth of, xn 337 ; Nicholas H at,
338; 360
Diets at (1556), in 80, (1573), 86 sqq.,
(1574), 90 sq., (1577), 101, (1733), vi 194,
(1736), 197, (1788), vm 524 sqq., (1812),
IX 491, (1818), X 428, 450, (1825), 435,
455, (1830), 458
John Paul Voronicz, Archbishop of,
X 449; 452; at coronation of Nicholas I,
458
Wartburg, Luther at the, n 141, 163;
festival, the (1817), x 364
Wartenberg, Count Francis William von.
Bishop of Osnabriick, etc.. Cardinal, iv
96; 112; representative of Electoral
College (1645-8), 400 sq.; expelled from
bishopric of Verden, 404
Johann Casimir Kolbe, Count von,
V 664 sq. ; 671
Wartenburg, Bertrand retreats from (1813),
IX 631, 532
Wartensleben, Count, Danish envoy, iv 233
Wartha river, and the New Mark, v 618;
VI 279; Cossacks on, 281; 288; 291; 717
Warton, Joseph, x 698; 710
Thomas, writings of, vi 830, x 698 ;
710
Warwick, disturbances at, xi 2
Ambrose Dudley, Earl of (6th or.),
evacuates Havre, n 518, 584; m 3, 6
John Dudley, Earl of . /Sec Northum-
berland, Duke of
General Index,
629
Warwick, Jolan Dudley, Lord Lisle and Earl
of (eldest son of Duke of Northumber-
land), II 504, 518
Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, i 465,
473
Eichard Neville, Earl of (the King-
maker), I 464
Sir Eobert Eich, 2nd Earl of (7th cr.),
Admiral of the fleet for Parliament, iv
301, 826, 351, 460; and Trinidad, 758
Sir Philip, iv 307
Warwyck, Admiral, ni 638
Washington, City of, planned, vn 316;
chosen as seat of government, 325;
captured (1814), 344, 348, 352; Boundary
Treaty concluded at, 367 ; peace conven-
tion at (1861), 448; Federal concentration
at (1861), 464, 470 sq., 473; Early
threatens (1864), 531 sq. ; Treaty of
(1871), 658 sq., xi 776, xii 22, 28, 617,
717, 720 sq. ; Arbitration Treaty signed
at (1897), vn 672; xn 12; Venezuelan
Commission at, 695; Panamerican Con-
gress at, 700
George, vn 120, 123 sqq., 136, 146;
commander-in-chief, 167, 172; evacuates
New York (1776), 212; captures Trenton
(1777), 213; 216 sq.; at Yorktown, 230
sq. ; becomes President (1789), 303, 315
sqq., 322, 328; resigns (1796), 372; 407;
and Francisco Miranda, x 280
Wasilei Ivanovi6, Tsar of Eussia. See
Vasili III
Wassenaer, Jacob, Baron van (of Obdam),
Dutch admiral, v 146 sq. ; death of (1665),
181
Jacob van (of Obdam), Dutch
general, v 382; 407
Twickel, Carel Georg, Count of (son
of following), Dutch ambassador to
Vienna (1782-5), vm 281
Unico Willem, Count of, Dutch
envoy to Paris (1746), vi 246
Waterboer, Andries, Griqua leader, xi 783 ;
787
Waterford, trade in, m 579 ; " undertakers "
in, 599; meeting of clergy at, iv 530;
534; aiid the Act of Satisfaction, 536;
captured by William III (1690), v 315;
election at, x 643 sq.
Henry de la Poer Beresford, 2nd
Marquess of, x 643 sq.
Waterloo, battle of (1815), ix 632 sqq.;
Napoleon's account of, 761
Waterston, physicist, xn 785
Watken, Privy- Councillor, at Congress of
Vienna, ix 583
Watson, Charles, Eear- Admiral, in India,
VI 531; 552; and Clive, 553; 554; 556
James (the elder and younger),
agitators, x 577; 579
Joshua, and elementary education,
IX 692
Eichard, Bishop of Llandaff, vm 763 ;
x704
Watson, Thomas, n 501
Thomas, poet, in 376
William, conspirator, in 554
Watt, James, vm 765 ; inventions of, ix 372,
X 733 sq.
Watteau, Jean-Antoine, painter, xi 528
Watteville, de, Swiss Landammann, letter
to Napoleon of, ix 424
Wattignies, battle of, viii 351, 432
Wattli, Melchior, n 316
Watts, Isaac, x 699
Eesident at Murshidabad, vi 554 ; 556
Wauthier, major-general. City Comman-
dant of Brussels, x 534
Wavre, Prussian retreat to (1815), ix 628,
630; advance from, 637; Grouchy
marches on, 641
Waxhaws, Buford annihilated at (1780), vn
224
Wayne, Anthony, American general, vn
220, 357
Wealth of Russia, journal, xn 313
Weaver, James B., Populist candidate for
President, vn 665
Webb, Daniel, Colonel, vn 126, 129 sq.
John Eichmond, General, v 422
Weber, Wilhelm, x 379
Webster, Augusta, poetess, xi 353
Daniel, and nullification debate, vn
381, 412 sqq.; 390 sqq.; "Seventh of
March" speech of, 403; 404; death of,
418; oratory of, 743 sq.
John, m 381; v 126
Webster- Ashburton Treaty (1842), vn 391,
XI 17
Wedderburn, Alexander. See Loughborough
Wedel-Jarlsberg, Count Hermann, xi 680 sq.
Wedell, Carl Heinrich von, Prussian general,
VI 287; 292; 324
Wedgwood, Josiah, vm 765; x 736
Thomas (son of above), influence of
Godwin on, vm 768
Weeden, Newport butcher, and U.S. money
of 1786, vn 313
Weekly Political Register, The, x 577
Weert, de. Vice- Admiral, m 638
Wegscheider, J. A. L., x 382
Wehe, Jacob, leader in Peasants' Eising,
II 181 sq.
Wehlau, Treaty of (1657), iv 429, 685
Weichselmiinde, port of Danzig, vi 197
Weigant, leader of Peasants' Eising, n 184
Weigel, Valentin, theologian, v 759
Wei-Hai-Wei, xn 52; 132; Chinese man-
of-war at, 510 ; captured by the Japanese,
512 ; leased to Great Britain, 514
Weil, Gustav, German historian, xn 846
Weiland, Ludwig, at Jena, x 364
Weimar, league between Hesse and Saxony
at (1528), n 202; vi 267; Frederick the
Great at, 268 ; Murat at, ix 276 ; Prussian
retreat on (1806), 277; Napoleon at, 278;
admitted to Confederation of the Ehine,
279 ; Lord Morpeth at, 282 ; rising at, xi
150 ; historical research at, xn 825
630
General Indeoo,
Weimar, Karl August, Duke of, ix 277;
280 ; in Netherlands, 550 ; at Congress of
Vienna, 583; 594
Weingarten, Abbey of, given to Prince of
Orange (1801), ix 90
Weinsberg, massacre of, by peasants, n 187
Weishaupt, Adam, German author, vni 772
Weisse Berg, at Prague, Frederick the
Great at the, vi 257; 259
Weissembourg. See Weissenburg
Weissenburg, captured by French (1705),
V 414; King of Poland at, vi 143; de-
fences of, vm 423; French retreat to,
425 sq. ; fighting at, 428; armistice
signed at (1795), 443; French reverse at,
XI 583 sq.
Weissenfels, headquarters of Imperialists,
IV 220
Weissenstein, taken by Ivan (1573), iv 166;
174
Weiszacker, Carl von, German historian,
xn 847
Weitzel, Godfrey, American general, vn
639, 544
Wekerle, Alexander, Hungarian statesman,
xn 198 sq. ; 206 sq. ; 210
Welcker, Friedrich Gottlieb, German
scholar, xn 822
K. T., Professor, and Frankfort plot,
X 377; XI 61; 63; 164; 198
Welden, Baron Franz Ludwig von, Austrian
general, xi89; 207
Welhaven, Johan Sebastian, Norwegian
poet, XI 701
Welland Canal, xi 763
Wellby, Montagu Sinclair, in Tibet, xn 803
Welle river, discovered, xn 811
Welles, Gideon, American Secretary of
Navy, vn 450, 589
Wellesley, province of, xn 532 sq.
Sir .^thur. See Wellington, Duke of
Henry. See Cowley, Henry Wellesley,
1st Baron
Bichard CoUey Wellesley, Earl
of Momington, Marquis, work of, as
Governor-General of India, ix 721 sqq. ;
conquest of Mysore, 722 sq. ; policy of,
724 sqq.; annexes Gwalior, 727; recall
of, 728 sq. ; Foreign Secretary (1808),
689 ; Viceroy of Ireland, x 637 ; and the
Coercion BiU, 663; 668; xi 724; 730
Wellhausen, Julius, Semitic studies of, xn
846
Wellington, xi 793; 796; 799; capital of
New Zealand, 800
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, in
Peninsular War, Vol. ix, Chap. xv^Jassiw;
lands in Portugal, 235; complains of
navy, 239; 257; effect of victories of,
369; 370, 384, 440; commander-in-chief,
441 ; in Portugal, 449 sqq. ; Junta and,
455; prepares for defence of Portugal,
456 sqq.; Torres Vedras, 459 sq.; 463;
besieges Almeida, 465 ; losses of, at
Fuentes d'Ouoro and Almeida, 466; in
Estremadura, 467; fails at Badajoz and
Ciudad Rodrigo, 468; offers battle at
Sabugal, ib. ; takes Ciudad Rodrigo and
Badajoz, 470-1 ; wins battle of Salamanca,
472 ; enters Madrid, 473 ; at Burgos, 474
sqq. ; wins battle of Vittoria, 477 ; before
Pampeluna, 480 ; at Bayonne, 481 ; wins
battle of Toulouse, 482 ; in France, 542-3;
at Orthez and Bordeaux, 650; opinion
of Louis XVni of, 662; 566; succeeds
Castlereagh at Congress of Vienna, 585;
602 ; Belgian campaign of, 622 sqq. ; at
Quatre-Bras, 626 sqq. ; at Waterloo, 631
sqq.; marches on Paris, 643; opposes
diminution of French territory at Con-
gress of Vienna, 653 ; and First Peace of
Paris, 664 ; called to Canning's post, 689 ;
resigns, 690; commands in India (1803),
726 sq. ; victories of, at Assaye and Ar-
gaon, 726; and Napoleon's captivity, 759;
at Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle, x 14
sq.; 18; at Congress of Verona, 33 sqq.;
attitude of, on Spanish Question, 35 sq.;
and second Restoration in France, 44;
60 ; and evacuation of France, 66 ; 181 ;
mission of, to St Petersburg (1826), 191
sq. ; and Turkish Question, 193 sq. ; suc-
ceeds Canning as Premier, 198; policy
of, towards Greek Question, 199 sqq.;
and Treaty of Adrianople, 203; and
Spanish affairs, 207, 225 sq. ; 281 ; 290;
at Verona, 308; and Portuguese affairs,
322 sq. ; and Prussia, 349; and Orleans
Monarchy, 482; and Eastern Question,
557; 673; and Canning, 591; and the
Corn Law, 591 sq.; Ministry of, 692 sqq.;
and parliamentary reform, 601, 603; fails
to form a Ministry (1832), 615; and
opposition to Reform Bill, 615 sq. ; and
Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 645.
650 sqq. ; supports Irish Church Bill
657; supports Poor Law Bill, 662; 666
Minister for Foreign Affairs, 667; 674
678; and Peel's Ministry (1841), xi 2
10; 340; and Lord Ellenborough, 734,
736; 758; 795 sq. ; and relations with
China, 805 sq.
Wells, Horace, dentist, xn 779
Wels, death of Maximilian I at (1519),
I 322
Welsers, The, of Augsburg, financiers, i
506 sq., 518
Welsh Copper Company, vi 179
Welti, Emil, Swiss statesman, xi 257
Wemyss, meeting of Mary Queen of Scots
and Darnley at, in 269
Wenceslas of Luxemburg (1356), i 419;
marries Joan of Brabant, 421
n, King of the Romans and Em-
peror, I 105; deposed (1399), 292; 294,
421
Wenchow, opened to foreign trade, xn 602
Wends, subjugation of, v 617; 618 sq.
Wentworth, Peter, in 358
Thomas, Baron, n 499
General Index.
631
Wentworth, Thomas, Earl of Strafford.
See Strafford
William Charles, Australian explorer,
XI 790 sq.
Wenyon, Charles, Asiatic traveller, xn 793
Weraroa, capture of, xi 800
Werben, Gustavus Adolphus at, iv 203 sq. ;
Ban6r at, 366, 372
Werden, claimed by Murat, ix 272
Werdenberg, rising in, vi 625
Count Felix von, n 190
Werder, Count August von, German general,
XI 588; 604; at Dijon, 606; 609
WerelS,. See Varala
"Werff, van der, m 240
Wergeland, Henrik, Norwegian writer, xi
700 sq.
Werklein, Baron, rule of, in Parma,
X 107
Werkmeister, Benedict, ix 201
Wemburg, Charles XII at, v 688
Wemeck, Austrian general, ix 254; sur-
render of, 255
Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias, Ger-
man dramatic poet, x 402
Werth, Johann von, iv 223; at Ratisbon,
231; 244; at Nordlingen, 245; at Heidel-
berg, 246, 248 sq. ; takes Speier, 250 ; in
Picardy, 371 ; 374 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; havoo
wrought by, 621
Wertheimer, Eduard, German historian,
xn 829
Wertingen, engagement at (1805), ix 254
Wesel, taken by Spaniards (1598), ni
634, 717; centre of Dutch immigration,
705; occupied by Spinola (1614), 733;
captured by Dieden (1629), iv 693; Dutch
troops at, IX 274; ceded to France (1808),
410
Johann (John Rucherath of Ober-
wesel), German humanist (d. 1481), i 626,
652, 680
Wesembeke, Jacques de, ni 227, 231
Weser river, closed to English trade, ix
374; and Heligoland, xn 167
Wesley, Charles, v 759 sq. ; vi 82 ; 87 ; 89 ;
in Georgia, vn 63 ; x 698 sq.
John, V 759 sq. ; vi 40; 77; 80 sqq.;
in Ireland, 489 ; death of, 86 ; in Georgia,
vn63
Wessel, Johan Herman, Norwegian writer,
XI 700
(Wesselus Gansfortius) of Goesevort
and Groningen, Johann, German human-
ist (d. 1489), I 437, 460, 624, 626, 636 sq.,
652, 680; n 111
Wessenberg, Bishop Ignatius Henry Charles
von, at Congress of Vienna, ix 587-8;
and Germanic Constitution, 649; x 6;
and ecclesiastical affairs in Germany,
145 sq.; 148; 362; and German Catholic
Church, 380
Baron John von, at Congress of
Vienna, ix 580 sqq. ; 648 sq. ; and
Second Peace of Paris, 665
Wessenberg -Ampringen, Baron Johann
Philipp, Austrian Foreign Minister, xi 88 ;
92; 176; 183; 186 sq.
Wessprim, taken by Turks (1552), m 123;
attacked by troops of Maximilian II, 125
West, Nicholas, Bishop of Ely, i 482
Westermann, Francois -Joseph, French
general, vin 232, 237, 353 sqq. ; trial and
execution of, 363 sq. ; 412
Western Port, convict settlement at, xi 790
West India Company (Dutch), iv 694;
formed (1621), 703; at San Salvador, 703
sqq.; 706; Pernambuco taken by, 707;
709 sq.; Peace of Miinster and, 716 ; 728 ;
American coast and, 749; in Brazil, 750
sq.; Joan Maurice of Nassau and, 762 sq.;
in South America, 755; and Providence
Island, 758; v 146, 674 sq., 691; vi 389;
vn 22, 39 sq., 86
India Company (French), reconsti-
tuted, IV 759; V 692
liidia and Guinea Company (Danish),
VI 738
Indies, Prince Rupert in, iv 465;
the French in, v 12 sq. ; 104 sq. ;
English, French, and Dutch in, 110,
112, 149 ; Peace of Breda and, 151 ; 179 ;
English and French in, 189, 442 ; 378 sq.;
the Grand Alliance (1701) and, 398; 679
sq.; decline of Spanish power in, 684;
English policy in, 686; European com-
petition in, 687 sqq. ; English government
in, 690 ; piracy in, 691 ; 694 ; slave trade
in, VI 25; and British trade, 52; 60 sq.;
65; smjiggHng in, 152; 168; 177; 183;
economic conditions in, 184; European
Powers in, 185 sq.; 189; 236; 248;
France and, 327, 346 sq. ; 350; Choiseul's
schemes in, 351 ; Spanish losses in, 369 ;
Franco-Spanish expedition to, 379; Pitt
and, 414 sq. ; 449 ; 451 ; Franco-British
war in, 452 sqq.; Denmark and, 756;
Spain, England and, rv 439; vn 70;
settlements in, 74, 78 sq.; Colbert's
policy in, 85 sq.; 91; prosperity of, 95
sqq.; Rodney in, 231; French fleet in,
233; trade in, 309, 316, 318 sqq., 358,
363, 688; French ships captured by
American squadron in, 322; American
trade with, 350; French trade with, vm
60 ; and the Revolution, 193 ; mutiny in
(1797), 480; operations in (1793-1800),
484 sq.; French fleet in (1803), ix 209;
French designs on, 217 sqq. ; British fleet
in, 219; French invasion of (1805), 219-
23; Nelson sails for, 224; insurance of
merchantmen for, 242; affairs in (1793-
1807), 748 sqq. ; Spanish trade in, x 276;
Spanish troops in, 306 sq. ; pirates in,
308; trade with, 658, 761; xi 16; trade
of, with Canada, 777 ; xn 21 ; affairs in,
after 1815, 652 sqq.; 670. See also under
Indies
(Danish), American annexation
of, vn 637, 673
632
General Index.
Westland, province of, xi 799
Whigs, Scottish recusants in south-
west, V 283, 287 sq.
Westmeath, Eichard Nugent, 2nd Earl of,
IV 635
Westminster, conference concerning Mary
Stewart at (1568), m 278; and the fran-
chise, X 605
Assembly, in 758 ; Vol. iv, Chap, xn
Treaty of (1527), n 66 sq.; the
Colloquy of (1559), 568; Treaty of (1655),
IV 619, V 162; (1674), vn 41; (1677-8),
VI 449; (1716), 26, 29 sq., 104; (1756),
251 sq., 254, 320, 334, 399 sqq., 403, 407
Westmoreland, John Fane, 10th Earl of
(2nd cr.), and Catholic emancipation, ix
678-81 ; Viceroy of Ireland, 693 ; and the
Catholics, 695 sqq.
Charles Neville, Earl of (1568),
in 278, 281
Weston, Kichard [afterwards 1st Earl of
Portland), Wentworth and, rv 272;
character of, 278; 281 sq.
Eobert, Irish Lord Chancellor, a
Lord Justice in Ireland, in 594
Westphal, Joachim, ii 588
Westphalen, Ferdinand 0. W. H. von,
Prussian Minister of Interior, xi 395
Westphalia, invaded by Maurice, m 673;
condition of towns of, iv 420 sq. ; and
the Old Mark (Brandenburg), v 619;
iron industry in, vi 719; Prussian gains
in (1803), IX 94; Napoleon's designs on,
278; kingdom of, 293-4, 336, 408 sqq.;
Stein and, 335; Miiller in, 335; insurrec-
tion in (1809), 357; Prussian accessions
in (1814), 592; 596; acquired by Prussia
(1815), 657-8; Church affairs in, x 147
sq.; and Hesse-Cassel, 346; Vincke's
administration in, 353; 355; religious
question in, 380; agriculture in, 731;
roads in, 745; industries in, 756 sq.;
revolutionary movement in, xi 157; the
Catholic party in, xn 146
Peace of (1648), due to Richelieu,
IV 141, 157; and events in England, 352;
see Chap, xiv; 421; triumph of Mazarin's
policy, 602; 603; 607; 620; 688; 702;
V 46 sqq., 338, 373, 450, 453 sq., 577;
Brandenburg and, 641, 643 sq.; 652; 659;
743; VI 2; 252; 273; and Switzerland,
612, 614, 622
West Point (New York), surrender of (1780),
vn 226; 474, 476
Westport, Pamell at, xn 76
West river (China), trade on, xn 606
Wetstein, John Rudolf, burgomaster of
Basel, at Congress of Miinster, rv 401
Wette, W. M. L. de, x 370
Wetter, family of, vi 625
Wetterau, The, and the War, iv 418 ; and
Congress of Vienna, ix 588
the Counts of, m 704, 715
Wettin, House of, v 660; vi 704; rr 693.
See also Saxony
Wetzlar, Kammergericht fixed at, i 317;
acquired by Prussia (1815), ix 657
Wexford, captured by Cromwell, iv 436;
plantation of North, 613; 525; sack of
(1649), 534; and Act of Satisfaction,
636; captured by William III (1690), v
315; rebellion in (1798), nc 701 sq.
Wexio, Olaf Wallqvist, Bishop of, vi 777
sq. ; 780
Weyer, SUvain van de, Belgian politician, x
632; 636 sq.; 640; xi 670
Weyler, Valeriano, Spanish general, vn 675 ;
xn 266
Weymouth, parliamentary representation
of, X 613
3rd Viscount. See Bath, 1st Mar-
quis of
Weyrother, Franz von, Austrian officer, vni
576; IX 259; 260
Whalley, Edward, major-general and regi-
cide, IV 329; vn 26
Whampoa, opium smuggling at, xi 806;
815
Whamcliffe, J. A. Stuart-Wortley-Macken-
zie. Lord, x 610
Wharton, Philip, Lord Wharton, v 218
Philip Wharton, Duke of, vi 142
Sir Thomas, n 455 sq., 515
i— Thomas, 1st Marquis of Wharton, v
243; 274; 466
Thomas, physician, v 729; 731
Whately, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin,
X 676; XI 794
Wheatstone, Sir Charles, and telegraphy,
XII 786
Wheeler, Sir Hugh Massy, Major-general,
at Cawnpore, xi 747
Wheeling, trade of, vn 360 ; Convention at
(1861), 455
Wheelwright, John, preacher in Massachu-
setts, vn 17 sq.
Whetham, Nathaniel, rv 547
Whewell, William, xn 711
Whichcote, Benjamin, and ^Cambridge
Platonists, v 750
Whig Examiner, The, v 469
Whish, Sir William Sampson, Commander
of the Multan field force, xi 741
Whitbread, Samuel, politician, protests
against war, ix 618; resolutions of, 684;
and the Whig party, 687-91
Whitby, captain of the Leander, vn 328
White, Sir George Stuart, General, at
Lady smith, xn 642
John, Bishop of Lincoln, n 631
John, settles in Virginia, vn 3
• John, incumbent of Dorchester, vn
15
Sir William, xn 393
Whiteboy disturbances in Ireland, vi 484,
490
Whitefield, George, Methodist, vi 81 sqq. ;
vn 57, 737
Whitehall, Elizabeth at, m 367
White Hill, battle on the, m 669
General Index.
633
White Lake, monastery of the, v 507
Whitelock, Bulstrode, and Cromwell's office,
IV 443 ; and Eichard Cromwell, 448 ; 450 ;
548
Whitelocke, James, m 564
John, lieutenant-general, in La
Plata, IX 753, x 281
White Sea, v 512; visited by Peter the
Great, 520 ; 552 ; Eichard Chancellor at,
XII 793; 795
Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canterbury,
n 161, 592, 597; in 341-8, 554
Whiting, Eichard, the last Abbot of Glaston-
bury, n 450
Whitman, Walt, vn 747
Whitmore, Edward, General, vn 132
Whitney, Eli, inventor of the cotton-gin,
vn 351, 374, 688
Whitshed, Irish Chief Justice, vi 485
Whittier, John Greenleaf, vn 746
Whit- Wednesday (The Terrible), revolt in
Flanders (1438), i 427
Whitworth, Charles Whitworth, Baron, vi
28; 35
Sir Charles, Earl, British ambassa-
dor at St Petersburg, vm 646 sqq., 654;
IX 28, 37, 39; sent to Copenhagen, 45;
102 sqq.; and Napoleon, 208; 209
Sir Joseph, x 734
Wiapoc river, France and, v 679
Wicklow Hills, Emmet escapes to, ix 707
Wiclif , John, n 175 ; the De Ecclesia, 313 ;
the Bible of, 464; v 633
Wicquefort, Abraham de, xn 710
Widdin, destroyed by Hunyady (1454), i 69;
captured by Turks (1690), v 61, 369;
368; IX 385; Hungarian refugees at, xi
215
Widdrington, William Widdrington, 4th
Lord, VI 101; 103
Widmanstetter, Johann Albrecht, Syriao
New Testament of, i 604
Wied, Count Frederick von, ni 156, 172
Hermann von. See Cologne, Arch-
bishop-Elector of
Wieland, Christopher Martin, vni 774;
Napoleon's interview with, ix 319 ; 335 ;
X 385; 387 sq.; xi 411; 428
Wielicz, ceded to Poland (1582), in 101
Wielun, Edict of (1424), in 74
Wiesbaden, revolutionary movement at, xi
147
Wieselgren, Peter, Canon, xi 688
Wiesensteig, Saxony and, vi 632
Wiesloch, Mansfeld at, iv 80
Wieuwerd, the Labadists at, v 756
Wigan, Government force at, vi 101
Wiggens, Joseph, navigator, xn 795
Wight, Isle of, Spaniards reported in, m
531; Charles I in, iv 346, 507; Dutch
fleet at, v 206 ; threatened invasion of, vi
376
Wightman, Joseph, major-general, vi 106
Wigtownshire, recusants in, v 283
Wiju, xn 583; Japanese force at, 584
Wilamowitz-Mollendorff, Ulrich von, his-
torian, xn 845
Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, xi
326
William, and the abolition of slavery,
IX 614; VI 188; 472; 475; vin 763;
supports censure of Melville, ix 684 ; and
India, 733; x 658; xn 806
Wilchingen, revolt at, vi 625
Wildenberg, Planta's fortress at, rv 46 sq.
Wildenbruch, Major von, xi 162
Wilderness, The (Virginia), battle of (1864),
VII 516 sqq.
Wildhaus, Zwingli born at, n 306
Wildman, Sir John, and Eye House plot, v
229
Wilford, Ealph, pretended Earl of Warwick,
I 473
Wilhelm, Karl, German composer, xi 412
Wilhelmina, Queen of Holland, xn 245;
247 sq.
Princess of Prussia. See Branden-
burg-Baireuth, Margravine of
Wilhelmstein, military school at, ix 332
Wilhelmsthal, battle of, vi 426
*• Wilhelmus van Nassouwen'* (patriotic war-
song), ni 231
Wiliczka, salt mines of, assigned to Austria,
IX 655
Wilken, Friedrich, German historian, xn
823
Wilkersdorf , Prussian army at, vi 282 ; 286
Wilkes, Charles, American admiral, cap-
tures Mason and Slidell, vn 470; xi
335 sq. ; xn 18 sq.
John, and the North Briton, vi 429
sqq.; returns to England, 440; 441 sq.;
444; takes his seat in Parliament, 446;
460; and Eeform, 465; x 599
Sir Thomas, diplomatist, m 26
Wilkins, John, Bishop of Chester, v 332
sqq.
Wilkinson, James, American general, vn
341, 343
Willach-Laibach, Austrian invasion of Italy
from, IX 347; Archduke John retires to
(1809), 355
Willaumez, Comte Jean-Baptiste-Philibert,
French rear-admiral, attacks British mer-
chantmen, IX 234 ; sails from Brest, 238 ;
replaced by AUemand, ib.
Willcocks, W., and irrigation in Egypt, xn
446
Willebroek, conference at (1567), in 213
Willekens, Jacob, takes San Salvador, rv
750
Willems, Jan Frans, Flemish writer, xi 673;
676
William HI, King of England, Scotland,
and Ireland, and Prince of Orange: (1)
Prince of Orange: birth of, iv 701, 727;
720; proclaimed Stadholder of Holland
and Zeeland, v 43, 157; 44; at battle
of St Denys, 45; 46; and French
siege of Luxemburg, 48 sq.; alliance of,
634
General Index.
with the Great Elector, 52; 63 sq.;
guardianship of, 107, 148, 151; Act of
Seclusion and, 141 sqq.; 153; character
of, 164 sq., 166 sq.; and States of
Zeeland, 155 sq.; 157; policy of, 158,
162; and downfall of de Witt, 159 sq. ;
successes of, against French, 160 sq.;
increased power of, 161; at Seneff, %b.\
relations of, with England, 162 sq.; mar-
riage of, 163, 213 sq., 219; relieves Mons,
164 sq.; opposition to, 165; forms an alli-
ance against France, 166; and Queen
Mary, 167, 258; 197 sq.; and Treaty
of Dover, 204; 208; and Charles 11,
230; and Duke of Monmouth, 232; and
James II, 235, 238 sqq.; attitude of, to-
wards England (1687-8), 241; and in-
vitation from England, 242 sq.; attitude
of the Powers to, 244 ; sails for England,
65, 245; landing of, 246; 247; and
flight of James II, 248; opposition of,
to Louis XIV, 349; and Austria, 359.
(2) King of England, Scotland, and
Ireland: accession of, 56 sq.; coronation
of, 167 ; recognised by Emperor Leopold I,
68; 59; and the Revolution settlement,
249 sq.; proclaimed King, 251; 252 sq.;
cautious policy of, 255; character and
aims of, 256 sqq.; Parliament and, 259;
and the Act of Grace, 260 ; at Steinkirke,
60; at Neerwinden, 61, 262; and France,
62 sq.; in Ireland, 260 sq.; plot to assas-
sinate, 262; and War with France, 262
sq. ; and English attitude towards the
war, 263; 264 sqq.; and currency, 269
sq.; and executive government, 272 sq.;
and legislature, 273 ; and the Whigs, 274 ;
275 sq.; political action of, in England,
276 sq. ; influence of, upon European
polity, 277; and Scotland, 290 sqq.; and
Tyrconnel, 307 ; and Louis XIV, 308 ; 399 ;
and Grand Alliance, 311, 398 sq.; 403;
in Ireland, 313 sqq.; and capture of
Athlone, 317; and Ireland, 320 sqq.;
and religious toleration, 336 sq. ; 340 ;
and the Emperor Leopold I, 368 sq. ; and
Spain, 374, 437; and Spanish Succession,
379, 381 sqq.; difficulties of, in England,
386 sq.; and accession of Philip V of
Spain, 395 sqq.; supported in England,
397, 400; and Partition Treaties, 384,
389 sq.; and Philip V, 401; and Marl-
borough, 405; and Mediterranean, 411;
429; foreign policy of, 440; 449; 461;
sends fleet to Baltic, 588; and Sweden,
691 ; 654 ; and the Elector Frederick III,
660 sqq. ; 688; and colonial affairs, 691 ;
and East India Companies, 701; death
of, 276, 668, VI 9 ; 4 ; 6 ; and succession,
7 sq.; 31; 586; 808; 815; and New
England Colonies, vn 30; vm 321
William IV, King of Great Britain, and
Hanover, x 374, 379; 482; 557; Lord
High Admiral, 591 ; succeeds to throne,
693; and Reform Bills, 609 sq., 614 sq.;
dissolves Parliament, 610 sq. ; calls Lord
Melbourne to office (1834), 664; and
Brougham, 665; dismisses the Melbourne
Ministry, 666; and Peel Ministry, 666
sqq. ; and second Melbourne Ministry,
669 sq.; and Orange Lodges, 672; death
of, 674
William I, German Emperor (Prince of
Prussia to 1861), xi 56; 158 sq.; and
German National Constitution, 163 ; 199 ;
in command of Baden expedition, 221;
229 ; 231 ; opposes the Government, 396 ;
policy of, as Regent, 406; accession of,
ib. ; and Austria, 407 sq. ; and army
reform, 408 sq., 432; struggle with
Parliament, 410; founds Schiller prize,
416; and Tsar, 434; and the Frankfort
assembly of princes, 435 ; and Schleswig-
Holstein, 440, 445; 442; and the war
with Austria, 448, 451, 455 sq.; President
of North German Confederation, 459 ; and
Spanish succession, 462 sq.; at Ems, 463,
578; proclaimed Emperor, 465 sq., 612;
and Luxemburg, 483 ; and peace negotia-
tions, 495, 498; 540; 578 sq.; and
Franco-German War, 580; and Papacy,
708; 777; xn 28; 97; 116; and Bismarck,
137, 162; 138 sqq.; 141; and Russo-
Turkish War, 142; 143; and Austro-
German Alliance, 144 ; 152 ; attempts on
life of, 153; death of, 163
II, German Emperor, xn 14; 55;
at Tangier, 132; accession of, 165;
policy of, 166 sqq.; 379; and Greece,
421
I, King of the Netherlands, at Erfurt,
IX 277; (Prince of Orange) deprived of
his German possessions, 278; Prussian
envoy in Austria, 352 ; enters the Hague,
550; King of the Netherlands, 654; at
Congress of Vienna, 586, 605, 667;
engagement of, to Princess Charlotte,
690; and Belgium, x 376, 480, 488 sq.,
505 sq.; accepts sovereignty of Holland
(1813), 517; character of, ib,; 518; and
union of Holland and Belgium, 519
sqq.; enters Brussels, 524; territories of,
ib. ; and Catholic clergy, 526 sq. ; and
a national language, 527; and national
finances, 528; policy of, towards Belgium,
529 sqq.; and the Belgian revolution, 535
sqq.; and the Powers, 538 sqq.; and the
settlement with Belgium, 543 sq.; xi 661 ;
abdication of, 662; death of, ib.; 673;
and Luxemburg, 674
n, King of the Netherlands, x 521;
in Brussels (1830), 535; 537; invades
Belgium, 541 sq.; accession of, xi 662 ; and
constitutional reform, 663; 668; and
Luxemburg, 674 ; and Japan, 823 ; death
of, 664
. ni. King of the Netherlands, acces-
sion of, XI 664; 665; 667; and Luxem-
burg, 674 sq.; xn 244 sq.; death of,
246
General Index,
635
William I, King of Wiirtemberg, x 36; 361 ;
and Mettemich, 368; and Frankfort plot,
377 ; XI 61 ; 148 ; and Frankfort Assembly,
200; 223; and Hesse- Cassel, 229
Prince (of Denmark). See George I,
King of Greece
the Silent. See Orange, William
(the Silent) of Nassau, Prince of
Prince of Orange (son of William III,
King of the Netherlands), xn 244
of Gap, Abbot of St Denis, brings
books from Constantinople, i 588
of Malmesbury, i 698
Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, British
ambassador in Eussia, vi 200; 334
David, and the Theophilanthropists,
vin 501
Helen Maria, ix 24
John (Baron Williams of Thame),
n 496
John, Archbishop of York, Dean of
Westminster, in 560; Bishop of Lincohi,
673; Lord Keeper, rv 258; persecution
and, 260; before Star Chamber, 280;
Episcopacy and, 292; impeached, 297;
356
Boger, tract of, iv 320; minister of
Salem (Mass.), vn 17, 19, 25; sent to
England, 24
Thomas, American general, vn 502
Williamsburg, British victory at (1813), vn
341 ; battle of (1862), 474 sq.
Williamson, Hugh, deputy for N. Carolina
at Constitutional Convention (1787), vn
246, 255, 267, 287, 290
Sir Joseph, Secretary of State, v 210
Willinger, Achatius, iv 76
Willis, Sir Kichard, iv 540
Thomas, physician, v 733 sq.
Willisen, Baron Wilhelm von, Prussian
general, xi 164; 225; 227
Willock, John, ••Superintendent" of Glas-
gow, n 591
Willot, Comte Am6d6e de, on the Conseil
des Cinq-Cents, vm 509, 512
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, search for North-
East passage by, i 53, v 512, xn 793 sq.
of Parham, Charles Willoughby, 2nd
Baron, m 48
of Parham, Francis Willoughby, 6th
Baron, at Gainsborough, iv 314; 321; in
the Downs, 350; at Surinam, 755;
Governor of Barbados, v 189; 688
of Parham, William Willoughby, 6th
Baron, Governor of Barbados, v 690
Wills, Sir Charles, General, vi 101
William John, Australian explorer,
XI 798
Willughby, Francis, naturalist, v 736 sq.
Wilmington (N. Carolina), loyalist attempt
on (1776), vn 173; Comwallis at, 229;
captured by Federals (1865), 534; railway
communication with, 551 ; importance
of, 552, 556 sq.; blockade-running at,
620
Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Earl of, vi
71; 73
Wilmot, David, American politician, vn 397
••Wilmot Proviso," vn 397, 399, 403 sq.
Wilna. See Vilna
Wilson, Andrew, smuggler, vi 108
Sir Archdale, General, at Delhi, xi
746 sq.
Sir Charles Eivers, and Egyptian
Finance, xn 434
Sir Charles William, General, and
the Gordon relief expedition, xn 443
Henry, of Massachusetts, vn 399
James, Pennsylvanian deputy at
Constitutional Convention (1787), Vol.
vn, Chap, vm passim
James H., American general, vn 680
James, financial member of Council
of India, xi 752
John, playwright, v 130
John ("Christopher North"), xi 362
Sir Kobert Thomas, General, at
St Petersburg, ix 305; British com-
missioner in Eussia, 499; and Spanish
foreign legion, x 227
William Lyne, American statesman,
vn 669
Dr, trial of, ii 443 sq.
Wilson Bill, The, vn 669
Wilson-Gorman Bill, The, vn 669
Wilson's Creek, battle of (1861), vn 460
Wilton, Lord Grey de. See Grey de Wilton
Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, n 429,
433 sq., 445
. William Paulet, Lord St John, Earl
of. See Winchester, Marquis of
Wimbledon, Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount,
attack of, upon Cadiz, iv 642
Wimpfen, battle of (1622), iv 80 sq.
Wimpffen, Emmanuel - Felix de, French
general, xi 597 sq.
Wimpheling, Jacob, scholar, career of, i
634 sq. ; 690 ; the Gravamina Germanicae
Natimis, n 29; 32, 160
Wimpina, Conrad, answers Luther's Theses,
n 130
Winceby, fight at (1643), iv 315
Winchelsea, D. Finch, Earl of. See
Nottingham
Winchester, James I's audience to Lerma
at, m 536
Charles Paulet, 7th Marquis of {and
2nd Duke of Bolton), v 321
John Paulet, 5th Marquis of, iv
315
William Paulet, Lord St John, Earl
of Wiltshire and Marquis of, n 496, 499,
505, 517, 570
James, American general, vn 339
(Virginia), General J. E. Johnston
at, vn 465, 467; Early at, 531; Early
driven from, 532
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, x 385;
390; 396; xn 817
Windau, port of, vi 666
636
General Index,
Windebank, Sir Francis, Panzani and, iv
280; flight of, 287
Windelin of Speier, printer at Venice
(1469), I 284
Winder, William H., American general,
vn 344
Windesem Congregations, in the Nether-
lands, I 435
Windham, William, statesman. Secretary
to Viceroy of Ireland, vi 464; 478; vm
759 ; and Whig party, ix 673 ; Secretary
for War, 674; 685, 698; and recall of
Fitzwilliam, 699
Windischgratz, Alfred, Prince von, Austrian
field-marshal, xil54; 170 sq.; 176; quells
Prague insurrection, 177 sq.; 182; besieges
Vienna, 187 sqq. ; 190 ; in Hungary, 202
sqq. ; recall of, 206 ; 208 sq. ; 501
Windsheim, one of the fourteen Protestant
cities, II 205
Windsor, Treaty at, between Charles V
and Henry VIII (1522), n 45, 419; iv
348; Charles I at, 354; Charles II at,
V 225; 227
Windthorst, Ludwig, German politician,
XII 147; 149
Windward Coast, Portuguese on, vi 187
Islands, v 687 sq. ; government of,
690; English and French in, vi 184
sqq.; French in, vn 96; xii 653 sq. ;
government of, 656 sq. ; annexed by
France, 666
Wingate, Alfred Woodrow Stanley, in
China, xii 796
" Sir Francis Eeginald, Sirdar of
Egyptian army, xn 448 sq.
Wingfield, Sir Anthony, ii 496, 499
Sir Kichard, English ambassador,
I 486
Marshal, ni 613
Winnington Bridge, Booth deieated at
(1659), IV 541
Winnipeg, La Verendrye at, vn 94 ; xn 608 ;
industries of, 612
Wins, Baron Joseph de, Austrian general,
vm 444, 558
Winslow, Edward, and the Pilgrim Fathers,
vn 13
John, in New England, vii 30
Winter, John William van. Count of
Huessen, Dutch admiral, vm 481 sqq.
William. See Wynter, Sir William
Winterfeldt, Johann Carl von, Prussian
general, vi 256 sq. ; 264
Winterthur, industries of, xi 259
Wintber, Christian, Danish writer, xi 699
Winthrop, John, Governor of Massachusetts,
vn 15 sq., 21
John (son of above), Governor of
Connecticut, vn 18; in England, 26
Wintoun, George Seton, 5th Earl of, vi 101 ;
103
Wintzingerode, Baron Ferdinand von,
Russian general, ix 250; marches on
Dresden, 514; in Holland, 650
Wintzingerode, Heinrich Karl F. Levin,
Count, IX 609; X 36; 369
Winwood, Sir Ralph, Secretary of State
(1614-6), ra 660
Wirsberg, F. von. See Wiirzburg, Bishop of
Janko and Livin von, German
sectaries (1466), i 623
Wirsung, Johann Georg, German anatomist,
V 729
Wirth, J. G. A., German journalist, x
375
Wisbech Castle, leaders of the English
mission in, m 353
Wischau, French outposts driven from,
IX 260
Wischegrad, occupied by Ferdinand's troops,
ni 118; taken again by Turks, 119
Wisconsin, enters the Union (1848), vn 421 ;
and the slavery question, 424; negro
suffrage in, 629; population of, 695,
702
Wishart, George, n 461; burning of, 656;
m 262
Sir James, English admiral, v 446
Wisin, Russian dramatist, vi 698
Wismar, Gustavus and, rv 191; 204;
claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick, 403
sq.; 407; commercial prosperity of, 420;
Treaty of (1636), 370, 373; taken by
Danes (1675), v 569; 579; 603; Swedish
army at, 608; Hanover and, 610; Russia
and, 611; capitulates (1716), 612
Wisniowiecki, Michael Korybut. See Mi-
chael, King of Poland
Wissenberg, city of, joins Protestants (1529),
n 205
Wissmann, Hermann von, African explorer,
xn 811
Withers, George, English Puritan exile, at
Heidelberg, n 596
Major-general, at Malplaquet, v 425
Witsen, Nicolaes, opposes Prince of Orange,
V 165
Witt, John de, statesmanship of, iv 727;
V 110; Pensionary of Dort, 138; Grand
Pensionary of Holland, 36 sq., 139; and
the negotiations with England, 113, 140
sqq. ; marriage of, 144 sq. ; financial
reforms by, 145 ; and Portugal, 146, 148 ;
and struggle in Baltic, 146 sq.; and
restoration of Charles II, 148; and the
young Prince of Orange, t&. ; 149 ; and
War with England, 150; and Peace of
Breda, 151; forms a coalition against
France, 152 sq. ; and Peace of Aachen,
153 sq.; opposition to, 154, 156; sim-
plicity of life of, 155 ; and Eternal Edict,
155 sq.; and designs of Louis XIV, 156 sq.;
popular hatred of, 158 ; resigns the office
of Grand Pensionary, 159; 179 sq. ; 185;
and the war with England, 187 sqq.,
191 sq.; 197; and Triple Alliance, 200
sq.; 206; murder of, 43, 159, 208
Cornells de, v 138; 145; 158; murder
of, 43, 159, 208
General Index,
637
Witt, Jacob de, imprisonment of, iv 726;
V 137 sq.; 145
Witte, Count Sergius Julievieh de, Eussian
Minister of Finance, xn 323 sqq. ; agri-
cultural committees of, 328 sq. ; 330;
and reform, 348; 350; 358; adminis-
tration of, 359 sqq.; dismissed, 365;
376; 379; negotiates peace with Japan,
600 sq.
de With, Vice- Admiral Witte Come-
liszoon de, succeeds Van Tromp, iv 473 ;
in the Texel, 476 ; 478 ; Christian IV and,
572; at the battle of the Downs, 700;
703; 726; defeat of, at the Eeciff, 753;
V 147
Wittelsbach, the House of, the anti-national
policy of, 1 296 ; disputes between branches
of, 315 ; V 621 ; nc 582. See also Bavaria
and the Palatinate
Wittenberg, Luther in, n 117-23, 167;
•♦Wittenberg Concord" (1536), 234, 339;
•'Wittenberg Eeformation," 250; sur-
render of (1547), 261; University of,
founded (1502), 117; v 624, 670, x 355;
Stanislaus Orzechowski at University of,
m 67 ; Poles at, 78, 723 ; iv 201 ; Swedes
advance to, 204; vr 265; 273; Frederick
II and, 704; Napoleon's decree from
(1806), IX 278; Schill at, 357; Eugene
at, 514
Arvid, marches towards Warsaw,
IV 681 sq.
Wittenweier, battle of (1638), iv 376 sq.
Wittgenstein, Louis Adolph, Prince of
Sayn, Eussian field-marshal, ix 601;
pursues Grand Army, 511 sqq. ; at
Gross-Gorschen, 517; at Bautzen, 518;
replaced by Barclay, 520; at Liebert-
wolkwitz, 634
Wilhelm Ludwig Georg, Prince of
Sayn, Prussian statesman, x 360; 352;
366; 377
Witthoft, Eussian admiral, at Port Arthur,
xn 588 sqq.
Wittstock, victory of Ban^r at (1636), iv
372, 374
Witu, Germany and, xn 167; 661
Witwatersrand, mines of, xn 639
Witzleben, Job von, Prussian general, y
350; X 350
Wladislav. See Ladislaus
Wobersnow, General von, vi 291
Wodehouse, Lord. See Kimberley, Earl of
Wodzieki, Count Ludwik, Polish writer,
XI 660
Wohler, Friedrich, German chemist, xn 770
Wolfiin, Heinrich(Lupulus), Swiss human-
ist, u 307
Wollner, Johann Christoph von, Prussian
statesman, vi 726 sq.
Woerden, attack on (1672), v 160
Worth, Allies at (1793), vm 425; evacuated,
427 sq.; battle of, xi 584 sq., 687, 595
Wohlau, principality of, v 662; 659; duchy
of, VI 229
C. M. H.
Wohlgemuth, Baron Ludwig von, Austrian
general, xi 206; defeats Gorgei, 210; in
Transylvania, 215, 217
Wolf, Frederick Augustus, German philo-
loger, influence of, ix 326 ; 327 ; xn 819
sqq.; 823
Eudolf, Swiss astronomer, xi 260
Wolfe, David, Irish Jesuit, n 583 ; in 592 ;
arrives at Cork, 593
James, General, vi 342& (in Vol.
xm); vn 132 sq., 137
Wolfenbiittel, defence of , against the Schmal-
kaldic League, n 243 ; rv 70 ; Christian IV
at, 96 sq.; 102; Imperialists at, 386 sq.
See also Brunswick- Wolfenbiittel
Wolff, Christian, expelled from Halle, v
760; vm 772; x 384; 410
Sir Henry Drummond, British
Minister at Teheran, xn 45, 492; in
Egypt, 446
Joseph, at Bokhara, xn 801
Julius, German poet, xi 413
Father, Jesuit (Baron F. von Liiding-
hausen), v 663; 665; 671
Wolfgang of Bavaria. See Bavaria-Munich
Wolgast, V 611; the Great Elector at,
639
WoUaston, William Hyde, man of science,
XII782
Wollemborg, Leone, and Casse Ruralit xn
237
Wollstonecraft (Godwin), Mary, vin 758,
766, 790; Vindication of the Rights of
Women, xn 762
Wolmar, Melchior, Lutheran, n 291, 351,
352
Wolowski, Louis - Franpois - Michel - Eay-
mond, French politician, xi 109; 111
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph Wolseley, Vis-
count, in Canada, xi 777; in Egypt, xn
40, 437, 442; 441
William, Brigadier-general, v 313
Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal and Archbishop
of York, I 323 sq., 336; Chap, xiv, ii
passim, 645 sq.; n 22, 42-5, 147, 416-
85; fall of, 432; death and character
of, 435; 490; m 737
Wolverhampton, Henry H. Fowler, Viscount,
xn 493
Wongrowa, Polish malcontents at, vi 195
Wood, Anthony, antiquary, vi 797
Benjamin, rv 729
Sir Charles. See Halifax, Viscount
Fernando, American politician, vn
676
Sir Henry Evelyn, Sirdar of the
Egyptian army, xn 440; 447
John, Asiatic traveller, xn 800 sq.
Eobert, Under-Secretary of State, vi
432
William, Survey of Trade, v 378
William, and Irish coinage, vi 47;
80; 484 sq.
Woodfall, Heniy Sampson, printer of
Letters of Junius, vi 441
40
638
General Index.
Woodford, General, U.S. Minister to Spain,
vn 677 sq.
Woodville, Lord. See Scales, Lord, and
Bivers, Lord
Woodward, John, geologist, v 738
Wool, John Ellis, American general, vn
396, 455; occupies Norfolk (Virginia),
474
Wooler, Government force at, vi 101
Thomas J., political writer, x 679
Woolwich, defence of, v 189
Woosung, capture of, xi 809
Worcester, occupied by Essex, iv 307 ; King
at, 323; 331 sq.; 335; victory of Cromwell
at (1651), 436, 510
Worden, John Lorimer, American admiral,
VII 561 sq.
Wordsworth, William, vi 824 sqq.; 833 sq.;
836 sq. ; viii 641, 765 sq., 768; x 703 sqq.;
713 sq. ; Keats and, 720 sq. ; 722 sqq. ; xi
347 sqq.
Working Man's Association, x 682 sq.
Worms, Diet of (1495), i 303 sqq., (1497),
306 sq. ; Edict of, 305 sq. ; Diet of (1521),
11 42, Luther at the, 139 sq., 146 sq.,
reforms instituted at the, 149, 151 sq.,
the Edict of, 158; Vergerio's oration at
(1540), 394; (1545), 80, 250, 662; printing
press establisned in, 139 ; statue of Luther
at, 208; Conference at (1540), 239, 645;
Colloquy of (1557), 568, in 162-3; Depw-
tationstag at, 704; forces of Union at,
IV 66 sq.; 84; Convention (1635), 249;
Oxenstierna at, 251 ; captured by Turenne,
389; 597; sacked (1689), v 56; Pragmatic
army at, vi 238; Treaty of (1743), 239;
608; occupied by the French (1792), vin
414; evacuated (1793), 415; Brunswick
evacuates, 428
Woronzoff, Count Michael, Eussian am-
bassador, VIII 283
Count Simon, Eussian diplomatist,
IX 256; 270
Wotton, Sir Henry, v 118
Dr Nicholas, secretary to North-
umberland, II 496; 513, 518, 526, 630,
571, 580
Wrangel, Count Friedrich von, Prussian
general, xi 162 ; 167 ; 188 ; occupies Berlin,
193 ; in Schleswig-Holstein, 440
Hermann, Swedish Marshal, in
Prussia, iv 186; invades Brandenburg,
372 sqq.
Karl Gustaf, Count of Sylfnitzburg,
Swedish general, iv 386 ; carries on Danish
War, 388 ; succeeds in Swedish command,
390 sqq.; at Kolberg Heath, 571; captures
Bornholm, 672; 580; in Denmark, 584
sqq.; 591; v 147; 568
Swedish general (1740), vi 760
Island, discovered, xii 795
Wratislaw, Count Johann Wenzel, Austrian
ambassador at the Hague, v 398 ; 432
Wrede, Karl Philipp, Prince von, Bavarian
field-marshal, ix 355; near Hanau, 540;
besieges Hiiningen, 644 ; at La Eothi^re,
546 ; at Congress of Vienna, 687, 697, 609
sqq.; unpopularity of, 658; x 146; 343
Wrede, Karl Theodor, Prince, xi 146
Wren, Sir Christopher, v 713
Matthew, vi 797
Wrexham, Eoyalists at, iv 640
Wright, Abraham, vi 798
Horatio Gouvemeur, American
general, vn 531, 638
Captain John Wesley, ix 29 ; death
of (1804), 761
Wriothesley, Thomas, Earl of Southampton.
See Southampton
Wrisberg, Christopher von, ii 261, 261
Wuchang, captured by the "Taipings," xi
820
Wurgen, Charles XH at, v 692
Wiirtemberg, Habsburgs driven out of
(1634), II 68; religious disturbances in,
m 723 sq.; iv 4; depopulation of, 418;
agricultural conditions in, 419; govern-
ment of, 424; French invasion of (1707),
V 418; 762; and Austrian Succession,
VI 228; and Treaty of Fiissen, 242; 246;
and Diet of Eatisbon (1803), ix 94; the
Church in, 201; joins France (1806),
253; 262; proposals of Mettemich to,
607; and Congress of Vienna, 587; 609
sqq., 649, 651; appeals to the Tsar
Alexander I, x 22; relations of Papacy
with, 148 ; and German unity, 342 sq. ;
and the Germanic Confederation, 344, xi
222 sq.; and the Liberals, x 347, 358;
constitutional concessions in, 360 ; re-
actionary policy of William I in, 361 ; and
Conference at Vienna (1819), 368; and
the Triasidee, 369; and the Congresses,
ib. ; and the customs treaties, 372 sq., xi
462 ; X 374 ; supports Hanoverian opposi-
tion, 380; literature in, 406; xi 60 sq.;
revolutionary movement in, 148, 152;
and Frankfort Constitution, 218; 221;
and Austro-Prussian War, 457 ; and North
German Confederation, 460, 464 sq. ; and
Franco-German War, 464; and Papacy,
708
House of, in 704; and Peace of
Westphalia, iv 409
Christopher, Duke of, n 220, 266,
276, 587 sq. ; m 154, 158-9, 162, 164,
167-8, 173, 210
Duke Eberhard of, at Strassburg, iv
245; and the Peace of Prague, 264
Duke Eugene of, ix 60; 275; 277;
at Priesten, 528; at Leipzig, 635-6
Duke Ferdinand William of, in
Ireland, v 314, 316
Frederick I, Duke of, in 714, 725
■ Frederick II, Duke of (Elector since
1803), recognised as King (Frederick I,
1806), IX 262
Duke John Frederick of, iv 67;
agrees to abandon Frederick of Bohemia,
69; 80
General Index,
639
Wiirtemberg, Duke Magnus of, with Mar-
grave George Frederick of Baden, iv 80
Sophia of. See Maria Feodorovna
Uh'ic VI, Duke of, 1 321 sq. ; evicted,
n 41 ; attempts to recover his duchy, 146,
181; 169, 177; Peasants' Rising and,
220 ; restoration of, 221 ; 234, 241 ; sur-
renders to Charles V (1547), 258, 323-
35
Duke Ulric of, march of, on Paris
(1652), IV 617
Ferdinand, Prince of (1815), x 462
William, Crown Prince of, at Mon-
tereau, ix 549; at Sainte-Croix, 653;
affianced to Grand Duchess Catharine
of Russia, 581; patriotism of, 582; at
Congress of Vienna, 610
Wiirzburg, surrender of (1525), n 190; the
see of. III 709; Catholic League at (1610),
729, IV 32, 100; Tilly repulsed at, 208;
civil administration of, 208; Horn at,
213; capitulation of, 245; Jourdan cap-
tures, VIII 497 ; Jourdan repulsed at, t&. ;
magazine at, rx 252 ; Elector of Bavaria
at, 253; Bemadotte marches to (1805),
i6. ; feudal rights in, relinquished by
Austria, 262; acquisition of, by Bavaria
(1815), 658
Wurzburg, Bishops of: —
Conrad III von Thuenguen, attacked
by peasants, ii 188
Frederick von Wirsberg, in 161
Julius Echter von Mespelbronn,
176, 709, 729
Melchior von Zobel, in 151
Philipp Adolf von Ehrenberg,
210, 423; v 758
Rudolf von Scherenburg, i 675
Wuhu, opened to foreign trade, xn 502
Wulffen, Luben von, and peasant tenures
in Prussia, v 670
Wullenwever, Jiirgen, of Lubeok, n 228-31,
614 sq.
Wurmb, Prussian Privy Councillor, vi
721
Wurmser, Count Dagobert Sigmund von,
Austrian field-marshal, viii 415, 419,
423 sqq., 428, 442 sq.; in Italy (1796),
572 sqq., 578 sq.
Wurzach, defeat of peasants at (1525), n
182
Wusung river, Japanese vessels on, xii 512
Wyatt, Sir Thomas (the elder), ambassador
in Spain, n 449 ; in 365
Sir Thomas (the younger), n 618;
heads insurrection against Mary, 527;
execution of, 628
Wyburd, Lieutenant, at Bokhara, xn 801
Wych, Sir Cyril, English Minister at St
Petersburg, vi 315
Wyeherley, William, dramatist, v 128; 130
Wyel, Alard, of Cologne, editor of the
Magna Bibliotheca, i 618
Wyke, Sir Charles Lennox, British envoy
in Mexico, xi 665
m
IV
Wylie, James, physician to the Tsar, at
Tilsit, IX 298; X 439
Wyndham, George, Secretary for Ireland,
xn 61; 90
Sir William, v 475; vi 71
Wynendael, French defeated at (1708), v
422
Wynn, Charles Watkin Williams, x 574
Wyoming, part of, ceded to the United
States, vn 397; women's franchise in,
xn 763
valley, punitive expedition to, vn
220
Wynter, Edward, ra 801
Sir William, English admiral, in the
Forth, n 576; in 265; 298; and the
Armada, 309, 313
Wyse, Bonaparte, and the Panama Canal,
xn 698
Thomas, of Waterford, x 627
Wysocki, Joseph, Polish general, xi 207
Wyttenbach, Thomas, Swiss Reformer, ii
307, 327
'♦X, Y, Z despatches," The, vn 321
Xanten, Treaty of (1614), ra 643, 733, rv
10, 13, V 637
Xavier, Candido Jos^, x 327; 330
Francis. See Francis Xavier (Saint)
Ximenez, Francisco Ximenez de Cisneros,
Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, i 355;
360 sqq., 380, 578, 625, 650 sq. ; ecclesi-
astical reforms of, ii 399 sq., 646; as
Inquisitor, 660
Y, estuary of the, xn 249
Yadkin, Greene crosses the, vn 228
Yaguzhinsky, Paul Ivanovich, Russian
Procurator-General, v 646; 649; 556;
Russian ambassador at Berlin, vi 302
Yahuarpampa, victory of Peruvians at, i
45
Yakub Khan, Amir of Afghanistan, xn 466 ;
470 sq.; 602 sq.
Yakushkin, Ivan, Russian officer, x 432;
442
Yakutsk, xn 794; explorers at, 795
Yale College, vn 741
Yalu river, xn 510 ; Chinese retreat across,
511 ; 622 ; 576 sq. ; Russo-Japanese War
on, 580 sq., 583 sqq.
Yamagata, Choshiu leader, xi 852; 865
Yamaguchi, fortress of, xi 852
Yamassee Indians, The, vn 38
Yamuish, Lake, Russian expedition to, v
544
Yanaon, France and, vi 347
Yancey, William Lowndes, Confederate
senator, vn 605
Yandabu, Treaty of, xi 728
Yangtsun, Boxers at, xn 519 sq.
Yang-tsze-kiang river, xi 809; xii 505; 512;
Great Britain and, 514; 617; 596;
exploration of, 797 sqq. ; 803
Yanza river, hospital on, v 631
640
General Index.
Tar Mohaminad, intrigues with Persia, xi
733
Yara, rising at, xn 264
Yarkand, caravan route to, xn 793 ; travellers
at, 800 sq.
Yarmouth, troops at, v 194 sqq.; mutiny
at (1797), vin 479; English fleet at, ix
51; Gambler sails from, 236
Amalie Sophie Marianne Wallmoden,
Countess of, vi 42 ; 76 ; 403
Lord. See Hertford, Francis Charles
Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquis of
Yates, Eobert, New York deputy at Con-
stitutional Convention, vn 246, 264
Yavorsky, Stephen, Archbishop of Eyazan.
See Eyazan
Yaytse (Jajce), captured by Turks (1463),
I 73; retained by Hungary (1464), i6. ;
captured by Turks (1628), 97; captured
by Austrians, xn 400
Yeardley, George, Governor of Virginia,
vn 6
Yedo, Vol. XI, Chap, xxvni (2) passim
Yeh, Commissioner at Canton, xi 815 sq.
Chinese general, xn 511
Yeh-ho-na-la, Chinese Empress, xn 504
Yellow Sea, engagement in, xn 580
Yelverton, Barry. See Avonmore, Viscount
Yemen, accepts Solyman's overlordship, ni
117
Yenikale, Eussia and, vi 634, 674
Yenisei river, xn 794; exploration on, 795
Yeniseisk, founded by Cossacks, xn 794
Yenishehr, victory of Selim I over Ahmad
at (1513), I 90
Yeo, Sir James Lucas, British naval captain,
vn 341
Yermoloff, Alexis Petrowitch, Eussian
general, at Borodino, ix 495; attacks
French, 503; x 441
Yermoloff, Eussian Minister of Agriculture,
xn 351
Yezd, English travellers at, xn 800
Yezo, island of, seized by rebels, xi 860;
Eussia and, xn 674 sq.
Yilgarn, gold discovered at, xn 619
Yingkow, xn 511 ; 686 sq. ; secured by the
Japanese, 589 sq.; 596
Ymuiden, harbour of, xi 666
Yokohama, American expedition at, xi 829 ;
833; opened to trade, 840 sq.; 842;
845; 848; port of, 850 sq., 859; foreign
residents in, xn 542 ; the Maria Luz at,
554
Yola, Barth at, xn 810
Yon^zawa clan, xi 859
Yonge, Charlotte Mary, novelist, xi 360
Sir George, in Cape Colony, ix
750
Yonne, Paul Bert elected for, xn 105
Yoritomo, xi 826
York, conference on Mary Stewart's case at
(1568), m 278; Council of Peers at (1640),
IV 285; 301; 311; Newcastle at, 308,
315, 321; V 229; taken by Earl of
Danby (1688), 246; Jacobite trials at,
VI 117
York, Anne Hyde, Duchess of, v 211
Frederick, Duke of. See Frederick
Augustus, Duke of York and Albany
James, Duke of. See James H, King
of England
Bichard Plantagenet, Duke of, i 465
Cardinal of. See Stewart, Henry
Benedict
Governor of Zutphen (1586), in 622
von Wartenburg, Hans David Ludwig,
Count, Prussian field-marshal, ix 332;
concludes Convention of Tauroggen, 505 ;
commander of Prussian corps, 610 sqq. ;
Governor- General of East and West
Prussia, 513; marches on Magdeburg,
614; at Bautzen, 518; relations of, with
Bliicher, 524 ; at Mockem, 537 ; at Leip-
zig, 639; harasses French retreat, 540;
at Ch&lons, 647; at Laon, 551
(Maine), settlement at, vn 22
Yorke, Charles, Lord Chancellor, vi 435 sqq.;
443
Sir Joseph (Lord Dover), major-
general, VI 278 ; British Minister at the
Hague, 343, vn 234
Yorkshire, conspiracy in (1541), n 452;
Charles I in, iv 305; attitude of, towards
Civil War, 308; 313 sq. ; 320 sqq. ; 332;
Eoyalist risings in, 441, 548; General
Wade in, vi 114; Eeform meetings in,
455; 504; spinning and weaving in, x
735 sq.
Yorktown (Virginia), capitulation of (1781),
VI 456, vn 230 sq., vin 92; capture of
(1862), vn 474 sq.
Yoshimune, Prince of Kishiu, xi 825
Youghal, duty on wines unshipped at, m
594; sacked by Desmond (1579), 697
Young, Arthur, observations of, in France,
vm 21, 40, 53, 57, 60, 62sq., 170; Travels,
756; 762; and English food supply, ix
691 ; and Irish Union, 702 ; the writings
of, X 782 sq.
Edward, poet, vi 828; x 697 sq.;
XI 422
Sir John. See Lisgar, Lord
Thomas, and the theory of light,
xn 782
Thomas, Egyptologist, xn 845
Young Italy, aims and methods of the
union of, x 121-2; journal, 127
Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward, mission
of, to Tibet, xn 490; in Central Asia,
798, 802 sqq.
Youri, explorers at, xn 807 sq.
Youssouf Izz-ed-din, xi 637
Ypres, growth of industrial importance of,
I 425 ; Calvinists at, m 205 ; iconoclastic
riot at (1566), 208; ceded to France, v
45; 63; captured by French (1678),
164, 219; Barrier Treaties and, 457
sqq.; taken by Marshal Saxe, vi 240;
839; capture of (1794), vm 435
General Index.
641
Ypres, Bishop of, in 219 sq.
Ypsilanti, Prince Alexander, ix 681; rela-
tions of, with Alexander I, 654 ; invades
Moldavia, x 30 ; rising and defeat of, 178
sq.
Demetrios, x 181
Yssel river, abolition of tolls on, xi 664
Ystad, Danish force lands at, v 569
Yuan Shikai, Chinese commander, xn 523
Yucatan, reached by Spaniards, i 41, 43;
peninsula of, v 687 ; administration of, x
248
Yukon district, xi 633, 776
Yunnan, opened to French traders, xn 132
Mussulman rebellion in, 500, 502; 506
French exploration in, 524; 526; 536
caravan route through, 793; travellers
in, 796 sq., 803
Yuriev. See Dorpat
Yuste, Charles V retires to, n 90
Yverdun, Pestalozzi's school at, ix 326,
427
Zaandam, first saw-mill erected at (1596),
m 631
Zabala, Juan de, Marquis of Sierra Bul-
lones, Spanish general, xi 569
Zabergrund, ravine of, vi 283 sqq.
Zabern, captured by peasants (1525), n
182 ; occupied by French, iv 144 ; Gallas
m, 368; siege of (1636), 370
Zablat, Mansfeld routed at (1619), iv 27
Zaccaria, Antonio, founder of Bamabites,
n 648
Zacharia von Lingenthal, Carl Eduard, xn
845
Zacharias, Pope (741-52), uss of, in Vatican
Library, i 552
Zagreb. See Agram
Zaikonnospasky monastery, v 519
Zaimes, Cretan High Commissioner, xn
424
Zaisan lake, explorers at, xn 799
Zajechar, Servian check at, xn 386
Zakrevski, Arsenij, Governor-General of
Finland, x 435
Zalaszowska, Catharine, m 74
Zaluski, Andrew Chrysostom, Bishop of
Warmia. See Warmia
Joseph, Bishop of Kijow, and
Andreas, Bishop of Cracow, library of,
X 431, 449
Zaman Shah, leader of Afghans, ix 724
Zambesi river, Portugal and, xn 3; 663
sq.; Livingstone on, 808
Zambolim, acquisition of, by Portuguese,
IX 718
Zamboni, Luigi, leader of Jacobin plot in
Bologna, viii 557
Zambra. See Prevost
Zamora, Alonzo Osorio de Acuna, Bishop
of, leads revolt of Comuneros, i 374
Alfonso de, Hebraist, n 400
Zamorin, The, of Calicut, Da Gama and,
I 26, 29 sq.
Zamosz, stormed by Poniatowski ^1809),
IX 354; surrender of fortress of (1831),
X 473
Zamoyski or Zamoiski, Count Andrzej
(Andrew), xi 628; writings of, 657, 659
Jan, Chancellor of Poland, m 85
sqq., 99, 101; arrests Samuel Zborowski,
102, 698; election of Sigismund and, iv
168 ; 174 ; conquers Moldavia, 188 ; death
of, 175, 189
Zanardelli, Joseph, Italian Minister of
Public Works, xn 214; 222 sq.; 225
Zancani, Andrea, Venetian envoy to Turks,
1 87
Zanchi, Girolamo, Italian Reformer, n 391,
716
Zanella, Giaoomo, Italian poet, xi 547
Zanivki, Napoleon at, ix 503
Zante, returned to Venice by the Turks
(1485), I 81
Zanzibar, xn 47 ; annexed by Great Britain,
130; Germany and, 166; Great Britain
and, 658; 660; partition of, 661; 662;
explorers in, 809; 812
Zapata, Francesco, m 586
Zapoli, negotiations between Muscovy and
Poland at (1581-2), in 101
Zapolya, John. See John Z^polya, King
of Hungary
John Sigismund. See John Sigis-
mund Zapolya
Stephen, i 336
Zaporogia, Russia and, v 506
Zara, recovery of, by Venetians, i 255
Zariategui, Juan Antonio, Carlist general,
X 239
Zarubeieff, Russian general, defeated at
Ta-shih-chiao, xn 589
Zarutski, Cossack leader, v 502
Zasius, Ulrich, German jurist, i 637
Zastrow, Heinrich Adolf von, German
general, xi 587
Prussian general, ix 281-2, 287,
289
Zasulich, Vera, attacks General Tr^poff,
xn 305
Zasulich, lieutenant-general, in Russo-
Japanese War, xn 583 sqq., 587
Zayonch, Joseph, general. Viceroy of
Poland, X 448
Zbaski, Abraham, in 74
Zborowski, House of, opposes Stephen
Bathory, in 101 sq.
Christopher, banished (1586), ni
102
Peter, Castellan of Sandomir, m 84
Samuel, m 89; tried and executed
(1584), 103
Marshal, in 102
Zealand, Torstensson in, iv 387; 561;
struggle between Danes and Swedes in,
584 sq., 587, 589; Charles XII invades
(1700), V 581; Russo-Danish army in
(1716), 612; British operations m (1807),
IX 236, 299-300
642
General Index,
Zealand, Hans Svane, Bishop of, v 659
Zeehan, silver discovered at, xn 619
Zealand, growth of towns of, i 420 ; revolt
in, in 230, 242; Act of Union between
Holland and (1576), 243; Countship of,
accepted by Orange (1584), 617; Province
of, 618; wealth of, 620; freed from
Spaniards, 629; condition of, 630-1;
trading companies of, 632-3; 642, 644;
represented at Miinster, iv 401, 716;
473; 691; 694; naval enthusiasm of,
700; William II of Orange and, 724;
French force defeated in (1672), v 43;
148; and Eternal Edict, 155 sq.; William
ni of Orange and States of, 156 sq. ;
VI 247; serfdom in, 736; Province of,
proposes separation, viii 286
Zehdenick, French army at, ix 279
Zehngerichten, iv 35 sq. ; votes for the
Venetian alliance, 42; 65
Zeissberg, Heinrich, Eitter von, German
historian, xii 829
Zeitz, Austrians in, vi 297; Miloradovitch
at, IX 518
Zekki Pasha, and the Armenian massacres,
XII 416
Zekko, Mollah, Albanian leader, xii 425
Zelanti, The, in Conclave of 1740, vi 589;
attacks Napoleon's Concordat (1814), x
139 sq.
Zell, Matthew, German Beformer, n 160,
162
Zeller, Christopher, iv 76
Eduard, German historian, xn 845
disciple of Pestalozzi, starts school
in Kbnigsberg, ix 326
Zellweger, family of, vi 625
Zelo domus Dei, Innocent X's Bull, iv 415 ;
688
ZemsJichina, Eussian administrative sphere
instituted by Ivan IV, v 490 sq.
Zemstva, Eussian County Councils, created
(1864), xn 295; begin work, 299; Con-
ference of 1878, 306; 311; see Chaps, xn
and xiii passim, 294-380
Zevistvo, Eussian journal, xii 309
Zenete, Marquis of, suppresses revolt in
Valencia, i 377
Zeno, Antonio, Venetian commander in
Greece, v 365
Carlo, Venetian admiral, i 259
Eenier, iv 40
Zenta, battle of (1697), v 61, 370
Zentner, Freiherr G. F. von. Bavarian
Minister, x 359; opposes Metternich,
368; 370
Zerafshan, ceded to Eussia, xi 631
Zerbold, Gerard, of Zutphen, Dutch mystic,
I 627; n 657
Zerboni di Sposetti, Joseph, Governor of
Posen, X 463 sq.
Zernez, the Preachers at, iv 46; 68
Zerotin or Zierotin, Karl von, iii 721,
726; moderate policy of, iv 22; debt of
Habsburgs to, 28; 74
Zeta valley, Turkish reverse in, xn 389
Zeuss, Johann Caspar, German philologer,
xn 822
Zevenbergen, Maximilian von, Minister of
Charles V, n 145 sq.
Zhelyaboff, Eussian revolutionary, xn 307
sq. ; 310 sq.
Zhukovsky, Vasili, tutor to Tsar Alexander
II, XI 613
Zicher, Eussians at, vi 284
Zichy-Vasonykeo, Count Ferdinand, Mili-
tary Commandant at Venice, xi 82; 203
Ziegler, Jakob, Lutheran scholar, ii 380
Swiss Federal officer, xi 251
Ziericksee, siege of, by Mondragon (1575-6),
III 242, 244 ; retaken from the Spaniards
(1577), 247; capitulates to the British
(1809), IX 358
Ziethen, Hans Joachim von, Prussian
general, vi 261; 296
Count Hans Ernst Karl von, general,
retreat of, ix 625-6; 631; at Waterloo,
638, 640
Zinzendorf, Count Nicolas Ludwig von,
V 762
Zips, The, vi 630; Austria and, 669 sq. ;
730
Ziska, John, leader of the Hussites, i 331 ;
n 175
Ziskaberg, Austrian force on, vi 257
Zittau, Austrian force at, vi 262
Zittel, Karl, Baden politician, xi 60
Znaim, Wallenstein at, iv 212 sq. ; Austrian
army in, vi 233 sq.; retreat of Kutusoif
to (1805), IX 257; fighting at (1809), 353;
armistice of, 354 ; 356-7
Zobeir Pasha, xn 439 ; Gordon and, 441 sq.
Zobel, Melchior von, Bishop of Wiirzburg.
See Wiirzburg
Zodiacus Vitae, by Angelo Manzioli, n 384
Zollner, Prussian Court Chaplain, vi 727
Zola, Emile-E.-C.-A., xn 120; 126
Zolkievski, Polish commander, iv 176;
expels Cossacks from the Ukraine, 188;
death of, 189
Zollern, Counts of, v 622
Zollicoffer, Felix Kirk, vn 462 sq., 495
Zollverein, The (German Customs' Union),
beginnings of, x 372 sq. ; transformation
of, from Prussian into German, 378 sq. ;
752; and trade with Great Britain, xi
15; 28; 47; accession of Luxemburg
and Brunswick to, 63 sq. ; in Saxony,
69; 63; progress of, after 1848, 393 sqq.;
443; renewed (1864), 444; and Italy,
447; North German Confederation and,
461 sq.; and China, 819
Zorbas, Colonel, and Greek "Military
League," xn 422
Zorndorf, vi 281 sq.; battle of, 283 sqq.,
290, 292, 295, 322
Zornosa, battle of (1808), ix 443
Zorrilla, Jos6, x 241
- Euiz, Spanish statesman, xn 259 sq.
Zoutman, Admiral, in North Sea, vi 452
General Index,
643
Zoutpansberg, Boers at, xi 781; 785; 787
Zrinyi, Countess Helen, marriage of, v
351, 358; 367
Nicholas,, defends Szigeth (1566),
ra 126
Count Niklas, Ban of Croatia, v
347; 351
Count Peter, and Hungarian con-
spiracy, V 351 sqq.
Zschinsky, Ferdinand von, Saxon states-
man, XI 219
Zschokke, Johann Heinrich Daniel, ix 427 ;
XI 239
Zsitva-Torok, Peace of (1606), ra 701, 720
sq., 726, IV 8, 11, v 342
Zubatoff , Moscow police official, xn 331 ; 349
Zubiaur, Spanish vice-admiral, rn 532-3
Zuboff, Nicholas, ix 35, 49 sq.
Platon, IX 34-5, 49-50
Ziillichau, Prussian army at, vi 291 sq.
Zug, canton of, vi 613; town of, 625; xi
234; 244; and the Aargau monasteries,
247; 251
Lake, French routed at (1798), vin
640
Zuiderzee, The, Spaniards in, m 626;
trade of, 631 ; department of, ix 417
Zulfikar, Abdurrahman and, xn 478
Zululand, xii 636; Boers in, 638; 640;
annexed to Natal, 645
Zulus, XI 781 ; defeated by Boers, 782 ; war
of, with Great Britain, xii 35, 636
Zumalacarregui, Tomds, Carlist general, x
234 sq.
Zumel, Dr, proctor of Burgos, leader of
Cortes, I 370, 374
Zuniga, Baltazar de, at Linz, iv 11; and
Madrid negotiations (1620), 53; 637 sq.
Caspar de, Cardinal Archbishop of
Seville, ra 283
Don Diego de, ambassador to France
(1572), ra 20
Diego Lopez de, theologian, attacks
Erasmus, n 400 sq.; 699
Zurara, Gomez Eaunes de, Portuguese
chronicler, i 15 sq.
Zurawna, Treaty of (1676), v 41, 45, 355 sq.
Zurbano, Martin, Customs Inspector at
Barcelona, x 242
Zurbaran, Francisco, art of, iv 664
Zurich, the Peasants' Eising and, n 179;
Chap. X 'patiim\ Reformation in, 313;
First Disputation at (1523), 317; Second
(1523), 319; Conference of Reformers at,
359; heresy in, in 402, 405; 408; and
Spanish Alliance, iv 45; appeal of the
Bwnd to, 50; 52; canton of, vi 613 sqq.,
619, 622; town of, 625; battle of (1799),
vra 661, 663, 674, ix 96; Federation of,
100 ; 105 ; Fichte at, 325 ; dissatisfaction
in (1804), 424; manufactures of, 425;
Diet at (1813), 426; Society of Public
Utility founded at, 427; and Congress
of Vienna, 600-1; xi 234; Federal Pact
confirmed at, 236; 237; reaction in,
238; 240; joins Siebnerkonkordat, 242;
University of, 241, xn 303, 762; xi 242;
Federal Diet at, 243 sq. ; Protestant rising
in, 246 ; 247 ; and the Sonderbund, 248 ;
254 ; 257 ; industries of, 259 ; 260 ; Treaty
of (1859), IV 63, XI 385
Zurlauben, family of, vi 625
Zurleder, Bernese deputy at Congress of
Vienna, ix 600
Zurlo, Giuseppe, President of Neapolitan
Feudal Commission, ix 406
Zusmarshausen, death of Melander at, iv
393
Zutphen, acquired by Charles the Bold,
I 390; cession of the county of, to
Charles V, ii 77; sack of (1572), in
234-5; Parma at, 257; surrender of,
622; siege of (1591), 626
Zuylen van Nyevelt, Baron Jacobus Petrus
van, Dutch statesman, xi 666
Zweibriicken, House of, Charles X heir of,
IV 578
Adolphus John, Count Palatine of.
See Adolphus John
Charles (H) Duke of (of Birkenfeld),
VI 631; 633; and exchange of Bavaria,
647; 703; vin300; 539
John I, Count Palatine and Duke of,
ra 687, 712, 714, 716
John n. Count Palatine and Duke
of, claimant for Jiilich-Cleves succession,
ra 725, 730, 734
John Casimir I, Count Palatine of
(d. 1592), ni 10, 26, 29 sqq., 173 sqq.,
249 sq., 703-4, 707-8, 710-2 ; death of, 713
John Casimir II, Count Palatine of,
IV 182; at Stockholm, 191; 568; 575 sq.;
Oxenstiema and, 577
Magdalena, Countess Palatine and
Duchess of, ra 716
Wolfgang, Count Palatine and Duke
of, in 12
Zwettel, taken by Thum, iv 25
Zwillmg, Gabriel, Reformer, n 161, 165, 167
Zwingli, Bartholomew, n 307
Huldreich, n 160, 179, 216, 306; at
Conference of Marburg, 207-10, 333 sq. ;
statement of belief by, 212 ; education of,
307 sq.; poems of, 309; visits Italy, 309;
comparison of, with Erasmus and Luther,
309 sq.; at Zurich, 310-5 ; Archeteles,S16;
other writings of, 318 sq., 320 sq.; diffi-
culties of, with Anabaptists, 322 sq.; at
Disputation of Bern, 327 ; 332-40 ; Fidei
Ratio, 335 ; contrast between Luther and,
345 sq.; 715; death of, at Kappel, 216,
337; IV 36; vi 619
Zwinglians, Vol. n, Chap, x. The Helvetic
Reformation, passim, 305-41; distribu-
tion of, in modem Switzerland, zi 234.
See also Zwingli
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