Full text of "The Canadian Almanac and Directory 1897"

FIFTIETH YEAR OF PUBLICATION. 




THE 



CANADIAN ALMANAC, 



AND 



v/y 



irertorg, 



FOR THE YEAR 



1897, 



3 

BEING THE FIRST YEAR AFTER LEAP YEAR. 

CONTAINING FULL AND AUTHENTIC COMMERCIAL, STATISTICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, 
DEPARTMENTAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, EDUCATIONAL, FINANCIAL, AND 



GENERA L T NFORMATIOK 



THE ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE EXPRESSLY FOR THIS 
PUBLICATION AT THE MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY IN TORONTO. 




TORON TO : 



THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED. 



Entered according to Act of Parliament in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, by 
Tim COPH, CLARK COMPANY (LIMITED), in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



[1897 



MPERIAL BANK OF CANADA 

CAPITAL AUTHORIZED, $2,000,000, CAPITAL PAID-UP, $1,963,600. 

REST, $1,156,800. 
Directors : 

H. S. ROWLAND, President. T. R. MERRITT, Vice-President 

St. Catharines. 

WILLIAM RAMSAY. ROBERT JAFFRAY. HUGH RYAN. 

T. SUTHERLAND STAYNER. HON. JOHN FERGUSON. 



HEAD OFFICE 



TORONTO. 



D. K. WILKIE, General Manager. 



ESSEX 
FERGUS 
GALT 
INGERSOLL 



BRANCHES IN ONTARIO: 

TORONTO, 34 We lgton St .E. 
do. Cor. Yonge & Queen 
do. Cor. Yonge & Bloor 



NIAGARA FALLS 
PORT CO I. BORNE 
RAT PORTAGE 
SAULT STE. MARIE 



ST. CATHARINES 
ST. THOMAS 
WELLAND 
WOODSTOCK 



Branches in Manitoba, North- West Territories and British Columbia : 

PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, MAN. 
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK. 
VANCOUVER, B.C. 



WINNIPEG, MAN. 
CALGARY, ALBTA. 



BRANDON, MAN. 
EDMONTON, ALBTA. 



Agents in Great Britain: -LLOYD S BANK, (Lim.) 

Drafts on NEW YORK and STERLING EXCHANGE Bought and Sold. DEPOSITS receiued and interest allowed. 
MUNICIPAL and other BONDS and DEBENTURES Purchased. 

PROflPT ATTENTION PAID TO COLLECTIONS. Agents in Canada for the CHEQUE BANK, Ltd. 



THE CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE 



ESTABLISHED 1867 
HEAD OFFICE - TORONTO 



CAPITAL, SIX MILLION DOLLARS, $6,000,000 



REST, $1,000,000 



HON. GBO. A. COX, President. 

W. B. HA.MIWON, ESQ. 

JAMBS CRATHERN, ESQ. 

B. E. WALKER, GENERAL MANAGER. 

J. H. PLUMMER, ASST. GENERAL MANAGER. 



^Directors : 



ROBERT KILGOUR, Esq., Vice-Pres. 

M. LEGGAT, ESQ. J. W. FLAVELLE, ESQ. 

JOHN HOSKIN, ESQ., Q.C. LL.D. 

A. H. IRELAND, INSPECTOR. 

G. H. MELDRUM, ASST. INSPECTOR. 



3Btancbes : 

TORONTO 

Head Office 19-25 King Street W. 
City Branches 

268 College Street (cor. Spadina) 

712 Queen Street East 

544 Queen Street West 

450 Yonge Street (cor. College) 

791 Yonge Street 

399 Parliament Street 

163 King Street East 

New York ALEX. LAIRD AND WM. GRAY, AGENTS, 16 EXCHANGE PLACE. 

BANKERS AND CORRESPONDENTS 

Great Britain The Bank of Scotland. India, China and Japan. Chartered Bank of India, Australia and 
China. Australia and New Zealand Union Bank of Australia. South America British Bank of South 
America ; London and Brazilian Bank. Mexico Banco de Londres y Mexico. West Indies Hank of Nova 
Scotia, Kingston, Jamaica ; Colonial Bank and Branches. Bermuda Hunk of Bermuda, Hamilton. South Africa 
Standard Bank- of South Africa. Bank of Africa. France Credit Lyonnais, Paris. Messrs. Lazard, Freres 
& Cie, Paris. Germany Deutsche Bank. Belgium Messrs. J. Matthieu & Fils, Brussels. New York The 
American Exchange National Bank of New York. Chicago -The American Exchange National Bank of Chicago. 
San Francisco The Bank of British Columbia. British Columbia The Bank of British Columbia. 

Maritime Provinces The Bank of Nova Scotia. 



Ayr 


Gait 


St. Catharines 


Waterloo 


Barrie 


Goderich 


Sault Ste. Marie 


Windsor 


Belleville 


Guelph 


Seaforth 


Winnipeg 


Berlin 


Hamilton 


Simcoe 


Woodstock 


Blenheim 
Brantford 
Cayuga 


London 
Orange ville 
Ottawa 


Stratford 
Strathroy 
Thorold 


MONTREAL 

Main Office, Cor. St James 


Chatham 


Paris 


Toronto June. 


and St. Peter Streets 


Collingwood 
Dundas 


Parkhill 
Peterboro 


Walkerton 
Walkerville 


City Branch 


Dunnville 


Sarnia 


Waterford 


19 Chaboillez Square 



1897J 



INDEX. 



3 



Acts Passed, Parliament Canada 108 

Admiralty Division 200 

Agriculture, Department of 108 

Agriculture Dept. of Out 125 

Agriculture Dept. of Quebec . . 130 

Alma College 249 

Albert College, Belleville 247 

Alumni Assn. Victoria University 197 
Ancient Order United Workmen 199 

Anniversaries 13 

Appeal, Court of 201 

Area of Canada 42 

Assumption College, Sandwich . . 248 
Astronomical & Physical Soc y... 196 

Astronomical Calculations 13 

Asylums for the Insane 124 

Attorney-General, Ontario 123 

Attorney -General, Quebec 130 

Auditor-General s Office 107 

Banks and Branches 69 

Banks, Foreign Agents of 72 

Baptist Ministers 169 

Barometer, Average Height of . . 41 

Barristers and Solicitors, Ont. .. 221 

Benchers, Law Society, Ont 195 

Bishop Bethune College 251 

Bishop s Col. Medical Faculty . . 254 

Bishop s College School 244 

Bishops of B. N. A 136 

Bishop Strachan School 250 

Board of County Judges 202 

Board of Health, Ontario 124 

Board of Health, Quebec 130 

Book Post 257 

Brantford Young Ladies College 250 

British Columbia, Province of . . 133 

British Empire, Population of. . . 42 

British Meth. Episcopal Church 167 

Cabinet, Dominion 96 

Caledonian Society 199 

Calendar 16 

Calendar, 1897-1898 12 

Calendar, Explanat n of Articles 13 
Canadian Order of Foresters .... 199 

Canada Business College 254 

Canada, History of 46 

Canadian Institute 195 

Canadian Military Institute .... 196 
Can. Order of Chosen Friends . . 199 
Canadian Press Association .... 196 
Canadian Protective Association 199 
Canadian Wheelmen s Assoc n.. 197 

Census of Canada 45 

Central Business College 253 

Chancery Division, High Court. . 268 

China Inland Mission 168 

Chronological Cycles 13 

Church of England in Canada . . 136 
Ch rchSch l forGirls,Winds r,NS 251 

Circuits of the Courts 201 

Cities, Towns and Villages 213 

Civil Service Examiners 107 

Clergy of Canada 1 36 

Clerks of the Courts, Quebec.. 219 

Close Season for Fish 237 

Close Season for Game 237 

Coinage in Canada 194 

Colonies, British, Population of. 42 

Collectors of Customs 104 

Collegiate Institutes, Ontario . . 238 
Commerce, Dominion of Canada 43 
Commercial Trav. Association . . 198 
Com ers Affidavits Sup. C rt..l08, 202 

Commons, House of 98 

Congregational Denomination.. 142 
Conservatory of Music, London 254 
Consuls, Foreign, in Canada. . . . 335 
Controverted Elections Court . . 201 

Coroners, Quebec 219 

Counties in Ontario -20f) 

bounties in Quebec i&gt;is 

County Court Clerks, Ontario. . . 204 

County Courts 201 

County Court Terms -XTI 

County and Judicial Officers 205 



County Judges Criminal Court. 202 
County Registrars, Manitoba . . 219 

County Registrars, Ontario 204 

County Registrars, Quebec .... 218 

Courts of General Sessions 202 

Courts, Officers of 201 

Courts, Officers of, Quebec 218 

Courts of Revision 202 

Crown Land Agents, Ontario . . 125 
Crown Lands Dep t, Ontario .... 124 
Crown Lands Department, Que. 130 
Crown Timber Agents Dominion 105 
Crown Timber Agents, Ontario. 125 
Crown Timber Agents, Quebec.. 130 

Customs Department 103 

Customs Revenue, cost of col 
lecting 67 

Customs, Tariff of 52 

Dairymen s Assn. West. Ontario 197 

Dalhousie College and University 245 

" Medical Faculty 254 

Debt of Canada 44 

Demill Residental Academy .... 252 

Demill Ladies College 252 

Districts & Registrars, Manitoba. 219 

Division Courts 202 

Division Court Clerks, Ontario.. 206 

Division Court Inspector 206 

Dominion of Canada 96 

Dominion Lands Agents 105 

Dominion Rifle Association 196 

Dominion Cattle Breeders Assn 197 

Dominion Sheep Breeders Ass n 197 

Dominion Swine Breeders Ass n 197 

Eclipses 14 

Eclipses, Planetary conjunctions 29 
Eclipses of Jupiter s Satellites . . 30 
Education Department, Ontario. 125 

Educational 238 

Educational Institutions of Can. 256 
Educational Institutions, Total 

Number . 238 

Educational Museum 238 

English Church Union, The 196 

Entomological Society 197 

Epochs 13 

Evangelical Association 151 

Evangelical Lutheran New York 

Ministerium 168 

Evangelical Lutheran Synod. ... 151 

Examiners, Legal 195 

Examiners, Masters and Mates. . 107 

Exchequer, Court of 200 

Excise Tariff 66 

Exports and Imports, Dominion. 45 

Festivals, Fixed and Movable . . 13 

Finance Department 104 

Fisheries, Dept. of 107 

Fisheries Protection and Marine 

Service of Canada 260 

Foreign Consuls in Canada 335 

Foreign Money Orders 260 

Foreign Coins, Value of 68 

Forms of Government through 
out the world 74 

Freemasons, Grand Lodge of .... 189 
Free Meth. Church of Canada . . 168 
French Treaty 67 

Game Laws, Ontario 237 

Gazetteer Post Office Dominion . 264 

Geological Survey Dept 106 

Geological Society of America.. 197 

Good Roads Association 197 

Governor-General and Staff .... 96 

Grand Council Royal Arcanum . . 199 

Grand Lodge, Freemasons 189 

Grand Lodge Orangemen 198 

Gregg s Shorthand Academy . . . 253 

Guelph Business College 253 

Guild of Sculpture, Ontario 329 

Halifax Medical College 254 

Hamilton Business College 253 

Harbour Commissioners 107 



Head Masters Co. High Schools. 239 

Heir and Devisee Court 201 

Hellmuth Ladies College 251 

High Commissioner for Canada. 96 

High Constables, Quebec 219 

High Court of Justice, Ont 200 

High School Inspectors 238 

History of Canada 46 

Historical Events 175 

Historical Diary for 1895-1896 . . 177 

House of Assembly N. B 131 

House of Assembly, Manitoba . . 132 
House of Assembly, Ontario .... 126 
House of Commons 98 

Immigration Agents 106 

Imperial Garrison at Halifax .... 18 

Imports and Exports 45 

Independent Order of Foresters 199 
Independent Order Oddfellows . . 329 
Indian Affairs, Department of . . 106 

Indian Agents 106 

Inland Revenue Department . . 104 

Insane Asylums 124 

Insps. of Boilers and Machinery 107 
Inspector of Division Courts. . . . 124 

Inspectors of Fisheries 107 

Inspectors Inland Revenue 104 

Inspectors, Post Office 105 

Inspectors, School 238 

Interior, Department of 1C5 

Intestates Estates, Law of 233 

Japan 187 

Jewish Calendar 15 

Junior Judges, Ontario 207 

Justice, Department of 103 

Jupiter s Satellites, Eclipses of.. 30 

King s Loyalists, The 172 

Knights of St. John and Malta . . 199 
Knox College 246 

Lake St. John Territory 329 

Land Agents, Dominion 105 

Land Board, Winnipeg 105 

Land Registration Dist sN.W.T. 207 

Landmarks of History 175 

Land Surveyors, Ontario 196 

Land Surveyors, Quebec 130 

Laval Normal School, Quebec . . 248 

Laval University, Quebec 243 

Law List, Ontario 221 

Law School 195 

Law Society of Ontario 195 

Legal & Judiciary, Ontario 200 

Quebec 202 

N. Brunswick 203 

Manitoba 203 

Nova Scotia.. 203 

N. W.T 203 

P. E. Island . . 203 
B. Columbia. 203 

Legislative Assembly, B.C 133 

Legislative Assembly, Ontario . . 126 

Legislative Assembly, N.S 134 

Legislative Assembly, Quebec . . 129 
Legislative Assembly, N.W.T.. 135 

Legislative Assembly, P.E.I 135 

Legislative Council, Quebec 128 

Legislature of Manitoba 132 

Letter Rates 257 

Life Insurance 331 

Lundy s Lane Historical Society 253 

McGill Normal School 247 

McGill University, Montreal 241 

McMaster University -n~A 

Manitoba, Province of 132 

Marine and Fisheries Departm t 107 

Marine Court, Ontario 201 

Mars and Venus, Discs of 14 

Masonic Lodges 189 

Mathematical and Physical Soc y 197 

Mean places of Stars . 32 

Medical Institutions 254 

Memoranda for 1897 15 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



[1897 



P. CORRIDI 

PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT, AUDITOR 

9 TORONTO STREET, TORONTO 



SPECIAL AUDITS UNDERTAKEN. 

Boohs designed to suit the special requirements of 
Business. Statements of affairs prepared. 

Books of Joint Stock Companies and incorporated 
institutions audited quarterly, monthly or annually. 



J. H. CHEWETT, B.A. Sc. 

Mining Engineer 

. . Assoc. MEM. CAN. Soc. C.E. . . 



CONSULTATION, REPORTS, DEVELOPMENT 



83 YORK STREET 
TORONTO, = = CANADA 



The London Guarantee & Accident Co., Ltd. 



OF LONDON, ENGLAND 



ESTABLISHED 1869 



Head Office for Canada, 

Capital . . . % 

Funds over 

Dominion Government Deposit . 



TORONTO 



$1,250,000.00 

1,500,000.00 

74,387.94 



FIDELITY BONDS The Bonds pf this Company are extensively issued to all 
departments of the Dominion and Provincial Governments, also to railways, banks, 
loan and savings companies, etc., etc. 



INSURANCE 



Employer s Liability, Workmen s Collective 
ELEVATOR and PERSONAL ACCIDENT 



Your attention is called to the advantage of securing an independent Suretyship,. 
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A. I. HUB BARD, 



PARIS. 1878: 1889 



GOLD MI DAL 




351, 352, 382, 4O4, 729, 3O3, 17O, 166, 5, 6, 292, / = 
293, 291 (Mapping), 659 (Drawing). 

and 1045 & 1O46 for Vertical Writing. 




1897] 



[NDEX Continued. 



Meteorological Averages 217 

Meteorological Register, 1895 . . 40 
Methodist Church in Canada . . 143 
Militia and Defence Department 105 
Militia, List of the Dominion . . 109 

Artillery, Field 110 

Garrison 110 

Royal Regiment 110 

Cavalry, Corps of 110 

School Corps 110 

Command in Chief 109 

Department of Mil. and Def.. 109 

Engineers, Corps of 113 

Infantry & Rifles, Battalions . . 113 
ludep tCo s 122 

Royal Regiment 110 

Royal Military College 110 

Staff, District 109 

Head-Quarters 109 

Militia, Strength of 122 

Miscellaneous Societies 195 

Model Schools, Ontario 239 

Money Orders 259 

Money Orders, Foreign 259 

Montreal Theological College . . 246 

Moon s Phases 28 

Moon, Times of Rising and Setting 16 

Morrin College, Quebec 246 

Moulton Ladies College 243 

Mount Allison Ladies College . . 250 
Municipal Information, Ontario. 208 
Municipal Statistics, Ontario. ... 33 
Municipalities in Manitoba .... 216 

New Brunswick, Province of. ... 131 

New Jerusalem Church 157 

Newspapers, Rates of Postage . . 258 
Ninmo & Harrison Bus. College. 253 

Normal College, Ontario 238 

Normal and Model Schools 238 

North-West Mounted Police 125 

North-West Territories 135 

Notaries in Quebec 234 

Nova Scotia, Province of 134 

North American & West Indian 

Squadron 188 

North America St. George s Union 199 

Occupations of Stars 28 

Ontario Agricultural College 125& 247 
Ontario Archaeological Museum . . 197 

Ontario Business College 253 

Ontario College of Pharmacy . . 254 
Ontario Educational Association 196 
Ontario Institute for the Blind.. 247 
Ontario Inst. for Deaf and Dumb 247 

Ontario Ladies College 251 

Ontario, Province of 123 

Ontario Society of Artists 196 

Ontario Undertakers Association 197 
Ontario Veterinary Association . . 197 

Ontario Veterinary College 255 

Orange Body 198 

Ottawa Auxilliary B. & F. Bible 
Society . 196 

Parcel Post 258 

Parliaments of the Dominion ... 95 

Patrons of Industry 199 

Peel Pioneer s Soci ety 198 

Pioneer and Historical Associa n 198 

Planets 31 

Planetary Conjunctions 29 

Pole Star, Upper Transit of 1C 

Police Magistrates, N.W.T 203 

Police Magistrates, Ontario .... 217 
Polytechnic School, Montreal. .. 252 

Population of Canada 42 & 45 

Postal Information 257 

Post Office Department 104 

Post Offices, List of 264 

Poultry Association 197 

Premiums, Life Insurance 333 



Presbyterian Church in Canada. 152 

Presbyterian College, Halifax... 247 

Presbyterian College, Montreal. 246 

Presbyterian Ladies College. . . . 253 

Prince Ed. Island, Province of. . 135 
Prince of Wales College, Char- 

lottetown, P. E. I ............ 247 

Principals of Model Schools ____ 239 

Printing & Stationery, Dept. of. 107 

Principals High Schools ........ 239 

Privy Council ............ . . . 96 

Prohibited Imports ............ 67 

Protestant Churchmen s Union.. 199 
Provincial Normal School, Truro, 

N. S ............. ........... 248 

Provincial, Normal and Model 

Schools ...................... 238 

Provincial Secretary, Ontario . . 123 

Provincial Secretary, Quebec. . . 130 

Public School Inspectors ...... 238 

Public Instruction Dept. of Que. 130 

Public Schools, Montreal ....... ^49 

Public Schools, Ontario ........ 238 

Public Works, Department of . . 104 

Public Works Department, Ont. 123 

Public Works Dept. of Que ____ 130 



Quebec, Province of ............ 128 

Queen and Royal Family ...... 94 

Queen s Bench Pro. of Quebec.. 202 
Queen s University Kingston. . . , 241 

Railways and Canals, Dept. of . . 105 
Railway Statistics .............. 33 

Railroads in the Dominion ...... 262 

Railroads and Steamship Lines.. 261 
Rain, Total Amount of, 1895 ____ 41 

Rain and Snow Principal Cities 217 
Receipts and Payments Canada 44 
Reformed Episcopal Church .... 167 

Registrars, Admiralty Districts. 203 
Registrar General, Ontario ...... 123 

| Registrar Provincial, Quebec .... 130 

Registrar Provincial, Ontario.. . . 123 

Registrars, County, Ontario ____ 204 

Registrars, County. Manitoba. . . 219 
Registrars, County, Quebec ____ 218 

Registrars, N.W.T ............. 106 

I Registration Divisions, Ontario. 204 
j Registration of Letters ........ 257 

Religious Statistics of Canada . . 171 
Ridley College, St. Catharines. . 329 
Rising, Southing and Setting of 
Planets ...................... 31 

Roman Catholic Church ........ 158 

Royal Family .................. 94 

Royal Military College ........ 110 

Royal Military College Club ____ 196 

Royal Society of Canada ........ 195 

Royal Templars of Temperance . 199 

Sabbath School Association ---- 196 

School of Dentistry ....... 255 

School of Mining and Agricul 

ture, Kingston ............... 247 

School of Practical Science .... 247 

Secretary of State, Canada ...... 107 

Select Knights ................ 199 

Semi-Diameter of the Sun&Moon 33 
Senate of Canada .............. 97 

Senior School, Montreal ........ 249 

Sheriffs, Ontario .............. 205 

Sheriffs, Quebec ................ 219 

Sheriffs, N.W.T ............... 203 

.Shingwauk Home for Indian 

Children .................... 252 

Ships, H.M.S. on our Coasts ____ 188 

Shipping, Tonnage of .......... 43 

Sittings of the High Court of 

Justice ............... 201 and 220 

Societies, Miscellaneous ........ 195 

Solicitors & Barristers, Ont ____ 221 



Sons of England 199 

Sons of Ireland Protestant Ass n. 199 

Stanstead Wesleyan College 247 

Star Table 14 

Stars, Mean places of 32 

Steamship Lines in the Dominion 261 

St. Andrew s Society 198 

St. George s Society 198 

St. Hilda s College 250 

St. Jerome s College 248 

St. Michael s College 248 

Sundays in 1897 15 

Sun on Meridian 16 

Sun, Times of Rising and Setting 16 

Sun s Declination 16 

Sunshine, hours of 40 

Supreme Court of the Dominion 200 
Sup. Court of Judicature, Out.. 200 
Surrogate Courts 202 

Tariff of Customs 52 

Tariff of Excise 59 

Temperature, Average 41 

Temperature at Principal Cities 217 

Thunder Storms, Number of 40 

Time at Various Places 14 

Tide Tables, Halifax 35 

Tide Tables, Quebec 38 

Toronto Church School 248 

Toronto College of Music 254 

Toronto Collegiate Institute 248 

Toronto Conservatory of Music. 254 

Toronto Humane Society 197 

Toronto School of Languages . . . 329 

Towns and Officials of 213 

Township Municipalities 208 

Trade and Commerce, Dept. of. . 108 

Trades and Labor Council 198 

Treasurer, Provincial, Ontario.. 124 
Treasurer, Provincial, Quebec . . 130 

Treasurers, County, Quebec 218 

Trinity College School 248 

Trinity University 242 

Trinity Medical College 255 

United Brethren in Christ 157 

United Empire Loyalists 172 

Universalist Church 151 

University of Acadia College. . . . 245 
University of King s College, 

Windsor 245 

University of Bishop s College 

Lennoxville 244 

University College Corporation 240 
University of Mt. Allison College 246 

University of Manitoba 245 

University of New Brunswick.. 244 

University of Ottawa 244 

University of Toronto 240 

Upper Canada Bible Society ... 196 

Upper Canada Tract Society 196 

Upper Canada College 248 

Upper Transit Polar Star 16 

Value of Foreign Coins 68 

Veals , Miss, School 249 

Venus and Mars, Disc of 14 

Victoria University 243 

Villages and Officials of 213 

Wentworth Pioneer & His. Soc. . 198 

Wesley College, Winnipeg 245 

Wesleyan Ladies College 252 

Wesleyan Theological College . . 246 
Western Ontario Shorthand Aca 
demy 253 

Western University and College 

London 246 

Woodstock College 243 

Wycliffe College^ 246 

York Pioneers 198 

Young Men s Christian Associa 
tion 196 



SST FOR INDEX OF ADVERTISERS, SEE PAGE 351 



6 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



[1897 



SHEWN E. TfllflNSEND 

Public Accountant, Auditor, Assignee 



Chambers 

YONGE STREET - - TORONTO. 



Telephone Office, 1641. Cable Address, "SEYMOUR, 
Residence, 1971. 



PATENT OFFICE 

MONTREAL 

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Associate of Canadian Society of Civil Engineers 

ADVOCATE AND PATENT AGENT 

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Advertisements placed in American and Canadian Newspapers and Periodicals 
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1897] ADVERTISEMENTS. 




ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA 



INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 



THE ANNUAL EXAMINATION for Cadetships in the Royal Mili 
tary College will take place at the Headquarters of the several 
Military Districts in which candidates reside, in June, 1897. 
Intending candidates who have matriculated in Arts, within 12 months 
previous to the Examination, in any chartered university of the 
Dominion of Canada, will be exempted from passing the obligatory or 
preliminary examination. 

In addition to the facilities the College affords for an education in 
Military Subjects, the course of instruction is such as to afford a 
thoroughly practical, scientific and sound training in all departments 
which are essential to a high and general modern education. 

The Civil Engineering Course is complete and thorough in all 
branches. Architecture forms a separate subject. 

The course of Physics and Chemistry is such as to lead towards 
Electrical Engineering, Meteorological Service, and other departments of 
applied science. 

The Obligatory Course of Surveying includes what is laid down as 
necessary for the profession of Dominion Land Surveyor. The Volun 
tary Course comprises the higher subjects required for the degree of 
Dominion Topographical Surveyor. Hydrographic Surveying is also 
taught. 

Length of Course four years. 

Five Commissions in the Imperial Regular Army are at present 
awarded annually. 

Board and instruction $200, for each term, consisting of ten months 
residence. 

For further information apply to the Deputy-Assistant-Adjutant- 
General of Militia, Ottawa, before 15th May. 

DEPARTMENT OF MILITIA AND DEFENCE, 1896. 



8 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



[1897 



THE MOST COMPLETE BIBLICAL COMPILATION OF THE 19th CENTURY." 







CONTAINING THE 

CELEBRATED OXFORD HELPS TO THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE. 



FIVE NEW EDITIONS OP THE AUTHORIZED VERSION JUST ISSUED, 

three on Oxford India Paper, and two on Rag-made Paper. 

Giving Bold Type in Small Volumes. 



Specimen of Type, on Oxford India Paper, LONG PRIMER, 8vo. (7f x 5 x 1| inches.) 

Sundry prayers, praises, PSALMS. and professions oj obedience. 



PSALM 119. 

Sa iidry prayers, praisea,andprofessions ofobedience. 
N ALEPH. 

BLESSED are the 2 undefiled in 
the way, b who walk in the law 
of the LORD. 
2 Blessed are they that keep his 
testimonies, and ilmt seek him with 


"Ps. 39. 8. 
2 or, perfect, 
or, sincere. 
6 Ps. 128. 1. 
c ver. 15. 
&lt;*ver. 77,92. 
Heb. 
men of my 
counsel . 
e lJohn3.9. 


22 a Remove from me reproach and 
contempt ; for I have kept thy tes 
timonies. 
23 Princes also did sit and speak 
against me: but thy servant did 
"meditate in thy statutes. 
24 Thy test monies also are my 
delight and 3 my counsellors. 



Specimen of Type, EMERALD, i6mo ; and on Oxford India Paper, Emerald, i6mo, THIN. 

Sundry prayers, praises, PSALMS. and professions of obedience. 



PSALM 119. 

Sund ry prayert t pr(i -ses,and profession* of obedience. 
N ALEPH. 

"DLESSED are the 2 undefiled in 
-D the way, c who walk in the law 
of the LORD. 

2 Blessed are they that keep his 
testimonies, and that seek 



Ps. 143. 11. 

2 or.pt rfert, 
or, sincere. 

&lt; Ps. 23. 4. 

A 27. 11. 

* &G. 11. 
Ps. 123. 1. 
.( Ps. 14.-). 5. 
Ps. 107. 26. 

3 Heb. 



"quicken thou me according to thy 
word. 

26 I have declared my ways, and 
thou heardest me : * teach me thy 
statutes. 

27 Make me to understand the way 
of thy precepts : so shall I talk of 



Specimen of Type, RUBY, 24mo ; and on Oxford India Paper, 
Ruby, 24mo; THIN. 



Sundry prayers, praise*. 



FSAL3IS. and professions of obedience. 



PSALM 119. 

Sundry prayeri, praises, a ndprofiasiontofobeditnce. 
H ALEPII. 

BLESSED are the 2 U ndefiled in 
the way, c who walk in the law 
of the LORD. 

2. Blessed are they that keep his 
testimonies, and that seek him with 
the whole heart. 

3 /They also do no iniquity: they 
walk in his ways. 
4 Thou hast commanded us to keep 



" Pa. 44. :.J. 
IPi. 143. 11. 

- or,perfe -t, 
or, mi , 1 re. 

fa. 128. 1. 

d 1 s. Jo. 1. 

4 27. 11. 
& 80. 11. 

Ps. 145. 5, 6. 
/I John 3. 9. 

4 5. 13. 
&gt; Ps. Ib7. 26. 

3 Heb. 
droopeth. 

4 Job -Ji 2(5. 
UolKrl.ii. 

ver. 171. 



1 DALETH. 

25 "My soul cleaveth unto the dust : 
quicken thou me according to thy 
word. 

M I have declared my ways, and 
thou heardest me: d teach me thy 
statutes. 

21 JNlake me to understand the way 
of thy precepts : so c shall I talk of 
thy wondrous works. 

24 ; Mysoul a melteth forheavinesr, : 
strengthen thou me according unto 
thy word. 



The Oxford Bible for Teachers issued in 20 sizes, and in over 10O Styles. 
SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 

Oxford University Press 
, Warehouse. 



London: HENRY 




1897] 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



9 





aim, tohctt besigning the becor- 
ation for a presentation Jlb- 
bress, is not merelg to attra ct 
the outtoarb ege t but al$o to aypeal to 
the minb ; to illustrate anb gibe abbi- 
tional point to the subject matter, bg 



means of symbolical ornament, appro- 
priate emblems anb miniature pictureg 
en crust eb in the initials, or toooen into 
the borbenncfs ; so that eucrp bcsign 
bcribcs a peculiar oalue, from the fact 
that it coulb not, toithout jibsurbjtB, be 
reprobuccb on ant) other abbress. 



10 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



[1897- 



Webster s International 

Dictionary 



The One Great Standard Authority, 

So writes Hon. D. J. Brewer, 
Justice X . S. Supreme Court. 




A THOROUGH REVISION OF THE UNABRIDGED, 

The purpose of which has been not display nor the provision of 
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IT IS THE BEST FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES, BECAUSE 
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and because excellence of quality rather than superfluity of quantity characterizes 
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INTRODUCTION. 



HE first issue of THE CANADIAN ALMANAC was published in the year 1847, by 
Scobie & Balfour, Toronto. It contained 104 pages, and according to advertise 
ment on the title page, was sold for 7|d. or 5s. per doz. The next year the 
ALMANAC only contained 88 pages, some of the information given in the first 
issue being dropped. In 1850 the size was still further reduced to 80 pages, but since 
then the contents have steadily been increased, and the ALMANAC for 1897 contains 
354 pages. 

It is with some little pride that the publishers point to an unbroken history of 
fifty years of progress. And every Canadian should take pride in the history of our 
country from 1847 to 1897. It is the fashion some times to talk of Canada as unpro- 
gressive and slow. No doubt Canada has shared in the world- wide depression of the 
past decade, but if we look back fifty years, which is but a moment in a nation s 
life, we will see how great has been the development of our country, and find much 
reason to thank God and take courage. 

In 1847 there was no Grand Trunk Railway, it was not commenced until 1852, 
while as for the Canadian Pacific Railway it was not even dreamed of. The Great 
North West was thought to be a barren wilderness, useful only as a hunting ground 
for the fur trade. 

In 1848 the St. Lawrence canals were opened for navigation, and in 1850 work 
was begun on the Northern Railway, which was opened for traffic from Toronto to 
Bradford on 13th July, 1853, this being the first locomotive railway in Upper Canada. 
In 1895 there were 15,977 miles of railway in operation in Canada, a growth in 42 
years that is simply marvellous. Turning now to the question of population, we find 
that in 1851 the population of Upper Canada was 952,004 ; Lower Canada, 890,261 ; 
New Brunswick, 193,800, and Nova Scotia, 276,354, making a total of 2,312,419. The 
population of the Dominion in 1891 was 5,034,650, and we have reason to believe that 
it is much larger now. 

In 1851 the Postal system was transferred from the British Government to the 
Provincial Government. The use of postage stamps was introduced, the rate being 
3 pence per ^ oz. It was not until the year 1858 that the decimal system of currency 
was adopted. 

Many other evidences of progress can be gleaned from a fyle of the CANADIAN 
ALMANAC, and much encouragement for the future. We have a country of great 
resources, a healthy climate, a law-respecting people, and the freest government under 
the sun. 

With reference to the future, the publishers desire to improve and enlarge the 
ALMANAC each year, and are glad to receive suggestions from their correspondents 
to that end. Great effort is made to have all the information given accurate. When 
ever possible, official records are used, but in spite of every care errors will sometimes 
creep in. If our subscribers will advise us of any inaccuracy it will be corrected in the 
next issue. 

The Editor wishes to give his hearty thanks to the many friends throughout the 
Dominion who have so kindly assisted in revising the information from year to year, 
and to all correspondents as well as all readers of this book, Publishers and Editor 
unite in wishing a Happy and Prosperous New Year. 

TORONTO, November, 1896. 

[11] 



E^l^^^zilsSS 


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ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATIONS 

MADE EXPRESSLY FOR THIS PUBLICATION AT THE MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY IN TORONTO, 

FOR THE YEAR 1897. 



Chronological Cycles 



Golden Number. 

Epact 

Solar Cycle 



17 

26 

2 



Dominical Letter C- 

Roman Indiction 16 

Julian Period 6610 



Epochs. 



The year 5658 of the Jewish Era begins Sept. 27. .. 1897 
The year 1315 of the Mahommedan Era begins on 
June 2 1897 



The 61st of Queen Victoria s Reign begins June 20, 1897 
The 31st of the Dominion of Canada begins July 1, 189T 
The 122nd of the Indep. of the U. S. begins July 4, 189T 



Fixed and Movable Festivals and Anniversaries. 



St David March 1 

Ash Wednesday March 3 

St. Patrick March 17 

Lady Day March 25 

Good Friday April 16 

Easter Sunday April 18 

St. George April 23 

Birth of Queen Victoria May 24 

Holy Thursday May 27 



Whitsunday June 

Midsummer Day June 

Dominion Day July 

Labour Day Sept. 

Michaelmas Day Sept. 

Birth of Prince of Wales (1841) Nov. 

St. Andrew Nov. 

Christmas Day (Saturday) Dec. 



6 
24 

1 

6 
29 

9 

30 
25 



Explanation of the Articles in the Calendar 

These pages are calculated for Toronto, Quebec and Winnipeg, and for ordinary purposes will serve with sufficient 
accuracy for every city in the Dominion of Canada. For Latitude and Longitude of Observatory see page 16. 

NOTE Standard times* are given in all columns headed Toronto, Quebec and Winnipeg. 

The times* of the SUN S RISING AND SETTING! are given for the upper limb, and are corrected for refraction for 
Toronto, Quebec and Winnipeg. 

The standard times* both for the rising and setting of the Moon s centre are given for every day for Toronto,. 
Quebec and Winnipeg. 

The column, SUN OK MERIDIAN, gives the time that a watch keeping local mean time should show when the 
shadow of a sun dial is on the noon mark. 

MOON S AGE. This column shows to the nearest tenth of a day the Moon s age at Toronto mean noon. 

The column, UPPER TRANSIT OF POLE STAR, shows for every day the mean time* at which the Pole Star makes- 
its upper transit across the meridian of longitude 4h. 46m. W. It passes the meridian twice on October 11. 

The time at which the lower transit of the Pole Star occurs may be found by adding llh. 58m. 2s. to the time of 
the preceding upper transit. 

The seven last columns are calculated for Lat. 45, Long. 4h. 46m. W., but will serve with sufficient accuracy for 
the whole of Canada. 

GREATEST ELONGATION OF THE POLE STAK. This column gives the greatest azimuth of the Pole Star east or 
west from the meridian as observed at a place in latitude 45. When the greatest elongation correspondiug to any 
other Latitude is required, the number given in the column should be corrected by means of the following Table. 



Latitude 


42 


43 


44 


45 


46 


47 


48 


49 


50 n 


1st Correction for Degrees 
2nd Correction for each minute 
of latitude 


5 10" 
+ 1".6 


8 32" 
+ 1".7 


1 49" 

+ 1".8 


00" 

+ 1".9 


-H 55" 
+ 2".0 


+ 3 55" 
+ 2".l 


+ 6 3" 

+ 2". 2 


+ 8 17" 

+ 2". 4 


-1-10 39" 
+ 2".6 























The 1st correction for the degrees of latitude is to be subtracted from the greatest elongation given in the 
calendar or added to it, according as the degrees of latitude are less or greater than 45. 

The 2nd correction, which is always additive, is found by multiplying the number given in the third line of the 
Table by the number of minutes in the latitude. 

Thus for latitude 43 20 . . 1st correction = 3 32" 2nd correction + 1 . 7 X 20 = + 34" 

" " 47 40 .. " " = -)- 3 55" " " -f 2.1 X 40 = -f- V 24" 

" " 45 10 .." " = 0" " " + 1.9 X 10 = + 19" 

MOON S PHASES. This Table gives the times (standard 75th meridian)* when the Moon passes the geocentric 
longitudes of 0, 90, 180, and 270 east of the sun. It gives also the times of her greatest and least distance 
from the earth. 

From the time of the upper transit of the Pole Star may be found the time of its greatest western or eastern 
elongation, by adding or subtracting the constants given in the annexed Table. 



Latitude 


42 C 


43 


44 


45 


46 


47 


48 


49 


50 




h m s 
5 54 31 


h in s 
5 54 21 


h m s 
5 54 11 


h m s 
5 54 1 


h m s 
5 53 50 


h m s 
5 53 39 


h m s 
5 53 27 


h m s 
5 53 16 


h m s 
5 53 3 


Difference for 10 of latitude. 


1.7 


-1.7 


1.7 


1.8 


1.8 


1.8 


2.0 


2.2 





* In the present Almanac, the hours are numbered from (midnight) to 23. 

f Although these times are calculated for Toronto, Quebec and Winnipeg only, the standard times at other places 
not differing much from them in latitude may be obtained with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes, by 
adding four minutes lor every degree west, and subtracting four minutes for every degree east of these places- 

[13] 



14 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



.[1897 



Star Table. 

From the times of the upper transit of the Pole Star may be derived, with the aid of the following- Table the 
times of culmination, and of the rising- and setting- of the principal fixtfd stars, as seen from the parallel of 45 
north latitude. 

To ascertain when any star found in the following- Table will be on the meridian, add the number in the left- 
hand column of figures to the preceding- meridian transit of the pole star given in the calendar. To find the time 
of rising- of the star, subtract the number opposite to it in the right-hand column of figures from the time of its 
meridian passage. For the settinp of a star, add the same number to the time of its meridian passage. Those 

stars marked ( ) revolve in a circle of perpetual apparition, and do not rise or set at places in and to the north 

of latitude 45. 



NAME OF STAR. 


On 
Meridian. 


and Sets. 


NAME OF STAR. 


On 
Meridian. 


Rises 

and Sets. 


a Andromedse 


h. m. 

22 38 


h. m. 

8 10 


o Ursae Majoris 


h. m. 

9 OK 


h. m. 


IT Pegasi (Algenib) 


22 43 


6 59 


ft Leonis . . 


Ifl 91 


*7 9 


a Cassiopeise 


23 10 




ft Corvi 


nft 




ft Ceti 


23 14 


4 40 


a Virginis (Spica) 


11 57 


51ft 


ft Arietis 


28 


7 25 


i? Ursae Majoris 


12 9 1 




a Arietis 


40 


7 39 


a. Bootis (Arcturus) 


1 9 AS 




a Ceti 


1 36 


6 13 


ft Ursaa Minoris . 


13 28 




a Persei 


1 56 




ft Librae . 


i Q 40 


500 


a Tauri (Aldebaran) 


3 9 


7 7 


a Coronas Borealis 


Id 7 


89 


&lt;r Aurigse (Capella) 


3 47 




a Serpentis. 


14 16 


6 CM 


ft Orionis (Rigel) 


3 48 


5 25 


ft Scorpii . . 


14 36 


A Qfl 


ft Tauri 


3 58 


8 10 


a Scorpii (Antares) 


IK A 




f Orionis 


4 5 


5 57 


a Herculis. . . . 


15 46 


6^0 


&lt; Orionis 


4 9 


5 54 


ft Draconis .... 


16 5 




a Columbse 


4 14 


3 9 


y Draconis 


16 31 




a Orionis 


4 29 


6 29 


a Lvrse (Vee-a} 


17 in 


9m 


a Canis Majoris (Sirius) 


5 20 


4 50 


o Aquilae (Altair) 


18 22 


6 33 


Canis Majoris 


5 33 


3 46 


a Cvg-ni . 


19 14 


U99 


a*Qeminorum (Castor) 


6 6 


8 34 


a Cephei 


19 52 




a Canis Minoris (Procyon) 


6 12 


6 21 


ft Aquarii 


20 2 


5 34 


ft Geminorum (Pollux) 


6 17 


8 9 


a Aquarii .... 


20 36 


5 55 


a. Hydrae 


8 


5 26 


a Piscis Aust (Fomalhaut) 


91 97 


3Qfi 


o Leonis (Begulus) 


8 41 


6 50 


a Pegasi 


91 ^ 


7 ft 


y Leonis 


8 52 


7 26 


1 







Table showing the Illuminated Portions of the Discs of Venus an.d Mars. 



1897. 


Venus. 


Mars. 


1897. 


Venus. 


Mars. 


January.. 15 


0.656 


0.951 


July 15 


537 


0.957 


February . 14 
March ... 15 
April .... 15 
May 15 
June 15 


0.523 
0.337 
0.059 
0.088 
0.356 


0.910 
0.898 
0.904 
0.920 
0.939 


August . . 15 
September 15 
October .. 15 
November 15 
December. 15 


0.675 
0.783 
0.865 
0.928 

0.968 


0.974 
6 988 
0.996 
1 000 
0.998 



Eclipses. 

In the year 1897 there will be two eclipses, both of the sun : 
I. An annular eclipse of the sun, February 1st, invisible in Canada. 

II. An annular eclipse of the sun, July 29th, visible in Canada as a partial eclipse. 

TORONTO The eclipse begins 8h. 46.2m.; middle of eclipse 9h. 49.1m.; ends at lOh. 56.2m. 
N point of sun towards the east at the beginning 251 and ending 154 for direct image, 
(sun s diameter = 1) 0.362. 

WINNIPEG The eclipse begins 7h. 53.8m.; middle of eclipse 8h. 35.7m.; ends at 9h. 19.3m. 
N point of sun towards the east at the beginning 233 and ending 164 for direct image, 
(sun s diameter = 1) 0.178. 



Angle from 
Magnitude of eclipse 

Angle from 
Magnitude of eclipse 



Twelve O clock Noon Toronto Standard Time (1V42 Mean Time) Toronto Standard Time 17m. 34 m 6s. 
fast of Mean Time, as compared with a Clock shewing Mean Time at the following places : 





MEAN TIME. 




MEANTIME. 




MEANTIME. 


Athens 


h. m. 
6 35 p 


Lisbon 


h. m. 
4 23 p 


Rome 


h. m. 
5 50 p 


Berlin . 


5 54 p 


London, Eng 


5 OP 


Rotterdam . 


18 p 


Bombay . 


9 51 p 


Madras 


10 21 p 


San Francisco 


8 50 a 


Boston . . 


15 p 


Madrid 


4 45 p 


St Petersburg 


7 lp 


Calcutta 


10 54 p 


Melbourne, Aust 


*2 40 a 


St. John s, Newfoundland 


1 29 p 


Cape of Good Hope 


6 14 p 


Montreal 


6 p 


Suez . 


7 10 p 


Chicago 


11 10 a 


Moscow .... 


7 30 p 


Sydney Aust 


*3 5 a 


Constantinople 


6 56 p 


New York 


4 p 


Vienna 


6 S p 


Dublin 


4 35 p 


Paris 


5 9 p 


Vancouver . .... 


8 48 a 


Edinburgh 


4 47 p 


Philadelphia 


11 59 a 


Victoria, B.C 


8 47 a 


Glasgow 


4 43 p 


Pekin China . . 


*0 46 a 


Winnipeg 


10 32 a 


Jerusalem 


7 21 p 


Quebec 


15 p 







h Of following day. 



1897] 



MEMORANDA 1897-8 JEWISH CALENDAR 5657-8. 



15 



MEMORANDA FOR TH.E YEAR 1897. 



JANUARY. 



1. Friday, Circumcision 

6. Epiphany 

FEBRUARY. 

1. Monday 

14. Septuagesima Sunday 

21. Sexagesima Sunday 

28. Quinquagesima Sunday 

MARCH. 

1. Monday, St. David 
3. Ash Wednesday 

7. Quadragesima. 1st Sunday in 

Lent 

14. 2nd Sunday in Lent 
17. St. Patrick 
21. 3rd Sunday in Lent 
25. Annunciation. Lady Day 
28. 4th Sunday in Lent 



APRIL. 

1. Thursday 
4. 5th Sunday in Lent 
11. Palm Sunday 

16. Good Friday 
18. Easter Sunday 
23. St. George 

25. Low Sunday 

MAY. 

1. Saturday 

23. Rogation Sunday 

24. Birth of Queen Victoria 

27. Ascension Day. Holy Thursday 

JUNE. 

1. Tuesday 

6. Pentecost. Whit Sunday 
13. Trinity Sunday 

17. Corpus Christi 

20. Accession of Queen Victoria 
24. St. John Baptist. Midsummer 



JULY. 
1. Thursday, Dominion Day 

AUGUST. 
1. Sunday 

SEPTEMBER. 

1. Wednesday 
6. Labour Day 
29. St. Michael. Michaelmas Day 

OCTOBER. 
1. Friday 

NOVEMBER. 

1. Monday 

9. Birth o f Prince of Wales, 1841 
28. 1st Sunday in Advent 
30 St. Andrew 

DECEMBER. 

1. Wednesday 
21. St. Thomas 
25. Christinas Day. Saturday 



Jewish Calendar (A..D. 1897, A..M. 5857-58). 
The year 5657 commenced Sept. 8th, 1896. 



January 

February 

a 

March 



April 

(t 

it 

( i 
it 

May 

(4 

June 
n 

ii 

Julv 



4 New Moon 
3 New Moon 

16 Klein Purim 

5 New Moon 

17 Fast of Esther 

18 *Purim 

19 Schuscham Purim 
3 New Moon 

17 *Festival of Passover 

18 * " " 2nd day 

23 * " " 7th day 

24 * " " ends 



Sebet 
Adar 



1 
1 

" 14 
Vedar 1 
13 
14 
15 

Nisan 1 
15 
16 
21 
22 
Yiar 1 



3 New Moon 

20 Festival 33rd day of Omer " 18 

1 New Moon Sivan 1 

6 *Festival of Weeks Pentecost " 6 

7 * " " 2nd day " 7 



1 New Moon 
18 Fast of takingof Temple 



Tamuz 1 

18 



July 
August 

5658 
September 



on IMT 



November 

December 

December 

1858 

January 



30 New Moon Ab 1 

8 *Fast for burning of Temple " 10 

29 New Moon Elui 1 

27 *First day of New Year Tisri 1 

28 *Second Feast for New Year 2 

29 Fast of Guedaliah 3 
6 *Fast of Reconciliation 10 

11 *Feast of Tabernacles 35 

*Second feast of Huts ie 

17 Feast of Palms Hosana Raba 21 

18 *End of Congregation Feast 22 

19 *Rejoicing of the Law 23 
27 New Moon Marchesran 1 
26 New Moon Chislew 1 



20 Consecration of Temple 
26 New Moon 

4 Fast for siege of Jerusalem 



" 25 
Tebet 1 

10 



Those marked (*) are to be strictly observed. 
All the Jewish Sabbaths, Festivals and Fasts commence on the previous evening at sunset 

MEMORANDA FOR THE YEA.R 1898. 



JANUARY. 

1. Circumcision. Saturday. 
6. Epiphany. 

FEBRUARY. 

1. Tuesday. 

6. Septuagesima Sunday. 
13. Sexagesima Sunday. 
20. Quinquagesima Sunday. 
23. Ash Wednesday. 
27. Quadragesima. 1st Sun. in Lent. 

MARCH. 

1. Tuesday. St. David. 

6. 2nd Sunday in Lent. 
13. 3rd Sunday in Lent. 
17. St. Patrick. 
20. 4th Sunday in Lent. 
25. Annunciation. Lady Daj - . 
27. 5th Sundav in Lent. 



APRIL. 

1. Friday. 

3. Palm Sunday. 

8. Good Friday. 
10. Easter Sunday. 
17. Low Sunday. 
23. St. George. 



1. 



. 

29. 



MAY. 



. Sunday 
15. Rogation Sunday. 
19. Ascension Day. Holy Thursday. 
24. Birth of Queen Victoria. 
Pentecost. Whit Sunday. 



JUNE. 

1. Wednesday. 

5. Trinity Sunday. 

9. Corpus Christi. 
20. Accession of Queen Victoria. 
24. St. John Baptist. Midsummer D. 



JULY. 
1. Friday. Dominion Day. 

AUGUST. 
1. Monday. 

SEPTEMBER. 

1. Tuesday. 
5. Labour Day. 

29. St. Michael. Michaelmas Day. 

OCTOBER. 

1. Saturday. 

NOVEMBER. 

1. Tuesday. 

9. Birth of Prince of Wales, 1841. 
27. 1st Sunday in Advent. 

30. St. Andrew. 

DECEMBER. 

1. Thursday. 
21. St. Thomas. 
25. Christmas Day. Sunday. 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



[1897 



THIRTY-ONE DAYS. 



897. 



ARY, 



JA 



FIRST MONTH. 



ALL CANADA. 



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1897] 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



17 




18 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



[1897 




THIRTY-ONE DAYS 



897. 



ARC 



THIRD MONTH. 



ALL CANADA. 



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1897 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



19 



THIRTY DAYS. 



897. 



APR 



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CANADA 



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THE CANADIAN" ALMANAC. 



[1897 




05 



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1897] 



THE CANADIAN" ALMANAC. 



21 




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22 



THE CANADIAN" ALMANAC. 



[1897 



THIRTY-ONE DAYS 



897. 



JULY, 



ONTH. 



SEVENTH 



fe.-e 3 
8.1s 
g-gji 
PH? 



CANADA. 






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CM CM CM (M CM CM (M CM 



ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

-c? (M C-) C-) C-t C-l &gt;) !M "M M "I CI C-a iM (M C-l IM (M &lt;M &lt;M IM Ol OJ O) 



&gt;n o r - 1^ (x&gt; as o i c-i ce -* o 



t cf&gt; cs &lt;M re -* 



GO cs c-i ro 



o 

X 



O 



O 



CN- f r-i CO (M 
r I "MiMfrlMeO 



i X ot (M O O OO C5 l^ 5 O OD -t&lt; --O 1- 



s i&lt;N-fcoi l 



H eo -N oo 
10010 



t&gt;. 00 O r-H &lt;M W 



t^ OD OS Q Q P -H &lt; 

i Ol (M iM 7) CJ 



1-4 &lt;J1 *VO^ CO 

C-) (M C-] rN CM 



S &lt;N &lt;N (N r-Hr 



OCJOOt- iC 



ffl 

n 



CO 
Oi 
h 

r 
O 
J5 



O 

-- 
C 

g 

i 

X 

43 

3 



1C JO IQ 1C 1C O O 



.cocnO -iCM-#oor-a&gt;O} oiro-* 

^H^,rt_rt--&lt;r-H^.--,CMCNCMC-) 



Oi 



OO5^"CMCO -OCOOlOl- tCOOr-OCMGO -^HOiaOi 

* roioi"* 1 r-(Ttircro-* CNCCTJ-IO ^H^^-I^ 



Tt&lt; CM * i i CC 






-OOr i 



t OOCJ C-irC-^iOtOt^cCCOCiOOO 



i CM re - 






rt e&lt;j i i ic -^ 

OO 1 i 






cS 

s 



1 



c5 

a 



CC 

s 



71 7) 71 O CM M Cl 71 CM 71 




JO . 






jo 



CM CM CM CM 7) O4 7" CM CM 74 CM CM CN 



1897] 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



23 



THIRTY-ONE DAYS. 



897. 



AUGUST, 



EIGHTH MONTH. 



A LI, CANADA 



I J -^- 
LON 



\ \ 



2 
pa 
a 
p 

0" 



-t - 



H 

X 



O 
H 



&gt;.s s 
Sj 3 



ee OQ eo oo PO oo c ab--co a) ec OQ eo op c oo eo oo eo oo ee oo cc co c-i 



UOOVJ ~ 



Ot GCCiO 



pppppppppppppppppcp3 .p~ 
^ , i ^ F^ M X. 71 71 71 7l 71 71 71 71 71 TJ * 



c &lt;-HCCOCC *iOt--!MOCOQO *O(NO i 



O 3 

3 o 



= a 



i O 71 CO 
71 71 71 71 



O O 10 * - 

o ^ tM 10 co t &gt;H 



t- -- f O t CC O O CO C5 r -O CO S5 CO CJ ff. O C-) GO O &lt;M CO 
C&lt;5 M CO ^ C-l C-l i i lOiOidt-^^rCCOCOfM 



"OOiO i 

O O 10 * -^ Tjn C&lt;5 M CO ^ C-l C-l i i lOiOidt-^^ 

co t rH us o&gt; eo r p^ &lt;4&lt; QO c &lt;D o -41 oo ex co o 

COCC-*^^OiO -l^^&lt;NO&lt;C*COCO^*l 
00 CO 00 00 OO O&gt; O OXOS O O&gt; O&gt; OS OS O&gt; O&gt; O&gt; OS O&gt; O&gt; O O O O O O O O O O O 



O W O 

O O 



O Ol -t&lt; O O 



C5 -H Ci -^ ?7 C5 



&lt;M ^1 ?! Cl C&gt; C-l IM IM &lt;M (M (M C1 ! CJ 71 



O iO O * t &gt;-&gt; TJH 53 OO O C-l 

iOW&lt;MO"*fO IIT3COC-J 

iMC^iMIM^-Hi lOOOO 
71 71 71 71 C^ iM 71 71 71 71 &lt;M 



oo 

OS 

S* 

I 

a 



&gt; 
o 
S3 

s 



g 

gjl 



lO CO i 



CO lO fC 7^1 



-*71 



,-, m , i ec IM 

7&lt;|i iOC5COCO&gt;OCO 
11007^^71 -*(M 



o 





CO-H 



i rt i 71 71 cc 



i 71 rt Tf iT3 O * 71 O 7} "* ^ 






: -^ (M C-l iO Ci ^ t^ t^ CO 

CCiOi-HSCO 7ICC^^ &lt; 

OOO5-HG^COicOl&gt;"GOCiCiCiOOOO -H ^1 CC 



t- ^ O ^ O O CO LO Ci 71 
rji CM CC O C-l lO C^ ^ 



C Ci L- O CC t * O 



X 

7. 



s, 
5 



. I 

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I 



=: 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 



BB 



5- o 



10 ic o 10 10 



10 1 



71 71 7-1 71 71 71 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^t&lt; T}&lt; Tf&lt; 



-2 

B 
QQ 



co 



i7i-r 
-tiro 



&lt;* o i i so 1 



O O I ^ 71 71 07 









co lot T)&lt;GOt-c icoino o o 
^7^coeo-*-*-^ &lt; co7JiC7 &gt; iini-HC:iC -Hrc 

JO i71CO"*in--OOt^t^GOOOCOC5CJ 



-^ o 



0) 
QQ 



i -^ * co 

71CCCO 



in rt&lt; cc 10 -o o 71 o in is o 

71 C7O iCOiCi (CO 1C 71 



GO -- &lt;ai 



71 



OSOOO 71T-1CO O-HCO- 



_ ^ ^ ^ inicooicinT^^Tf-^-fcocococococooioi 

OSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOSOOJOOOOOOOOOOOOflOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



9 

:lj 

s 



as 



=; id l^ GO 



O 74 CO -t 1C t^ SO Cl O 71 C7 -f&lt; &lt;C l^ CO O i 71 CC in O t~- O5 O &gt; i CC 



I SX&gt;O"*CO-.O~. -71 GO 35-f t^-l--*OOOOlSm"-3Ow5C!^OeClCOSt^. 

O 71 71 CO -O-H7-1COOO1 COO5O71C7-t | iOiCCOt--l&gt;-GOGOC5O5ClO 
= 717171717171 ~ ,__*,-_-__ ^ rt _ 7 , 



* nM&lt;p"5i&gt; OO"*raoaoosi iaoot"-C&lt; 

71^00^71^71-* 71-* -iCO -iT}&lt;CO 



to w 



71COIO 



-. C5OOO i 71 71 CO -O^&lt; 
i 71 71 71 71 -I 71 71 71 



E 



-^COCOCOCOCOfCr7;771747J71747171-^i i i -^ i c i t 



St^-GOClO 71CO-*! 

-fSicic ic ic ic ic &gt;n m in in ic ic &gt;c &gt;-~ m &gt;~ ic ic ic ic 



O 71 C7 -f ^ t^ GO 35 O i i 71 ** O to I CO ~ ~ 
71 7-1 71 71 71 71 71 71 7-1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -* 



4 

3 

Jl 

I 



in 



in in in m ic m &gt;c ic 







JO 





r-i i _. i 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 C7 CC CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO "T * -* 1- 
71 7) 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 74 71 71 71 &lt;N 71 71 7) 



24, 



V &lt;x 




00 




^ 




4 




P 




M 


&lt; 


H 


^ 



i i 


3 




a 

H 


i 

o 




ij 




J 




&lt; 


h^ 




O) 




00 






CO t~ 
IO 


of 


5 c 


HI 




en 




^ 


O 


KB 


K 


LU 


~ 


1- 


K 


Q_ 


1 4 


LU 






CO 


bo c 
H&gt; 




1^ 



&lt;- 





w 









H 




13 




O" 


w 




M 
a 


O5 &gt;* 

CO OJ 





CO C5 


2 


,, 


M 


^^ 


M 
55 


^-^ 

o 

H 
SB 









3J 




g 


o &gt;*"" *\ 









THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



[1897 



^&lt;M(NC^&lt;M(M&lt;M(NiM&lt;M&lt;M(M 



i O O O O 



uoo\{ J g, -ptppototpotpooO5p-ptpcpoptptptp^cptOtO tb""co" 

.uooit I -3 ,I&lt;,-H_I,^! ii^H^e^frifrj c4 CM (M CM IM c-4 1&gt;5 " 






C "tS 

o ~ 



i (M C^ &lt;M &lt;N W 



f. a l 

2 ^ 



Su 
on 
rid 






,OOOO-^^^ ta Hf^ ^&lt;^^^F^^H-^i^rHrH ) ^ ^^^C^lC&lt;IC&lt;l NC lOlC ; lC^7^C^ 




COCCCOC^ 



CO 



O 3 "O IO 



"OCC 



&lt; CC CO CO &lt;M (M &lt; I-H -H O O O OO --H -H rt C&lt;l O) 00 



o 
o 



re &lt;M ro (M 3 O - 



t-- t^ &gt;O GO (M CO O cc &gt;O O cc C&lt; t CO C^ * r- 
r-H(MciJCOJ&lt;5-HOCN &lt;* (M rfi 10 i T*H FH iO 



=:"OGOt^ t OO M-tC5i^O-tC&lt;7(MCOt-lOiC;CO 
C-) CCiO &lt;M-*iiC^^^5iO(N IOO 

COt--Ir 1-GOCOOOCBC5O5CJO M^-&lt;(M 



2 

0) 

OD 



CC ^ O 
OOSO^OiCiOiXlGCCOCOCCCOCOOOGOCCCOOOOOCOQCCOCOCOCOCOCOaOCOOO 



icicicico-^i-^iTf-^ccoicccococ^olcNO-j I-H. 



&lt;* -* ^ 



GO O co ^f "-C r^- Ci 

-* ic iC 1C O O iC 1C 



ecnt oooso 



CM &lt;M CN (M &lt;N CM 



CD CO 





o 



Q 
DO 



" 

CO 



O O i IN W 



IO L^CC: v :CC-FrC-*C;fOCC-H-*CO^iMr- 
i-&gt;&lt;N&lt;NCi5e9C4*-&lt;iO(N&lt;S -ira&gt;O -ciB -*&lt;&gt;J 

O i&lt;MOO-&lt;*i&gt;*&gt;O&gt;COCOOt~t--COCOC3 



S 



-H CO i-H 



IIMIMIJ1 (N 



\ * &&amp;gt; & 4 



iCiCiCiC!C-&lt;l&lt;Tti-ti *-*fOc(5COMCCiMCM 



i C5 -H CM CO ^ tO I 



coo oacc-ttor^coo 
i I-H &lt;M&lt;MCMCNcM&lt;M&lt;N&lt;;MfC 



jocofOfOfocofo-^iThTti 



a 

a 



&gt;O C, O 1C 



1C 1C 1C 1C 1C 1C &gt;C IS 1C 1C 1C 



B 
DC 



C5 1- -- 



O (M 



M 



-tMr~ *lCOOOdOOO OSOOO C 
iC&gt;C- *C&lt;0 ( -^ i i * C 1 ! C -&lt; 1C (?) i &lt; 

iC&lt;ICO-&lt;*iCiCOCOI&gt;l&gt;-l~-GCCOO5 



O 



a i co .-c 

^ CNTj&lt; 



cc ci o O3 r- en c-^ c-t ic 01 oo -* -* - 



i^ ic to t- 35 c ec oo i o-i 

C^COTflC ICCIC&gt; ICC 



CM CM C^ Cl d 



S^OlO 
"iClC C 

cocooc 



cotOiCCO c: 
^rtiT^TH-^ CC 

cocoooeoooco 



re ~ I - O fO &lt;M c-.i- t-ftMOc 
CCCCC^CNtNIMtMfM 11 i i i i i . 

cooococoGOoooooocoaococococococ/scoaoxco 



"^i ^t* ^n 

: ic ic ic 



*& * -^ -* 1 o ic 

1C 1C 1C 1C l-C 1C 



1C 1C &gt;O 1C 1C C 1C 

1C 1C 1C 1C 1C 1C 1C to to to to to 



-O CO O - 



- 

T3 

B 

e 

I 






s 












JO .(T!( I 



- 
&lt; &lt; i ^J C-l ~1 C-) C-I CM C-4 



jo 



(N fM 



&gt;C &gt;C 1C 
C4 (M (M Cl C&lt; (M 



1C 1 



iCtOI^.GOC5O C-l 
1C 1C 1C 1C "O O tC 1 CO 
&lt;M IM 0-1 C^l O) &lt;M Cl C-] 



t* 1C to I~- OOC5O 
CO --O O CO O --3 t^ t^ 
O) CM 51 Ol C) (M iM C-) 



1897] 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



25 



THIRTY-ONE DAYS. 



897. 



OCTOBER, 



CC CO - 



O"*S3CCt -- iLIGJ 



S CO 



OOOOOOOOOO " fC 
i_ln (M &lt; 



(N C^J C) (M !M C-J Tl C) (M OJ &lt;N C^ 



!M &lt;M 



9*17 S.UOOJt i " 



p i , --- 1 Cl O4 C-l Ol OJ ?1 IM ^1 Ol C-l 



3N P 



CANADA. 



If 

"" M 



C-l &lt;N &lt;N Cl CI 



--HC5 &lt;iOOOi i t 
&lt;H-^C4&lt;N*itOS&gt;) 

OO&lt;-&lt;C409T(l&lt;4liOtOtoaOQOO&gt;O-^CiCQ 4&lt;iO&lt;0C 



AL 



o - 
*"S 3 







^ J = * 

,"3 

^ 



85 



rCt O 



Sun 
on 

criilian 




-_.s c 
= 3.2 
fi|1 



v o : 

o CC! 

02 



C0 



00 CO 



CO t F-( 



Ok O O O &lt;i *&lt; 



CQ CO 



*AT. 
ON 



VtJTPr^ 
NNIPLG 



O 

1 



01 



O N CO ** &gt;O 5O OO O O &gt; C&lt; W CO 



O O t- 1- 00 O&gt; -^ d 







* c-i o oo cc ~ -t c i o co ^o -t o o x - -c * IM 

iOOOiO-^-^ H t-* *CCCCCCfOCC(MCN(N(M(M 




BB 

5 



O CI CO O O O f^l C^ 1C l&gt;- C^ ^ ^1 "^ O !&gt; CC O 

CCCCiCCCCCCCC-*-*-* *Tt&lt;TflC OlCUCOO 



i cc ^r t- ~. o c-j -* --O oo 



H MONTH. 



TE 



&gt;fl V) 
rp 



O 
H 
CQ 

a 

o 

0" 



o 



rtCC-tiO i F^ CI i ^HO^Tpi iCCOi-iM (Mi i O) CC 1C 

o--&lt;&gt;iJCTfcor~cooo-&lt;&lt;N&lt;McccciTf&lt;-t&lt;-t&lt;io&gt;. ico-.rjt^cos-. o 




3 




^^rfT^ ^O O OOmO O O 
-c^ C; O 1C; *O *O *O *O *O *O *O *C 1C 



CN CI iM CI CI Cl 




i s^oi^-oocsO-^ccic-ot^ooci icc-t&lt;ioor-cocr. O &lt;c 

^-^^Hf-Hp-iC-liM MClCIClCaclCCCCCCCCCCCCCCjCC-^-rfT 



10 -.^ x cr. o ~ i -t 
TJ&lt; -t ~r ic 10 i-t 



M 



2^ | S^^ C-S 1 S^J-C^ gj ^^ C- 
fecCQ.^ F2 M ^ ^ ^H^CCZ/Z^r^ ^r-faK 



3 



^-c- S 
c-iri */: 02 



jo , 



?1 C) Cl CI CI O) CJ CJ CC CC 



JO 



ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci 01 01 CM ci ci ci ci ci ci o ci ci ci ci ci cc re cc cc cc 



26 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



[1897 



THIRTY DAYS. 



897. 



OVEMBER 



H MONTH. 



ELEVE 





CANADA 



NNIPEG 



H55 

&lt;o 

w J 





pq 



o- 



~~ ~. 

-r ;- 
H X 



H 

S5 





. 

SQ 



co 



IC5COC5 &lt;TjHCOfCC5lO i !&gt;. CC !&gt;. O I OS !O IM tO -^ 



CO (N i i 



00 

C: 



i O I i (M CO O i 
(N &lt;M CM &lt;M &lt;M 



c 

a&gt; c 

O * F- 



00 ^f OS 



OO ^ O &gt;O O 



O &gt;O i 



- 

s 



C-l 






&lt;M 



^ "* i.O &gt;O &gt;O to to to I 






OOGOOOOCC5C5OiO5OOOOO 

(r^^rt-H^H^^C^CqCNtMC-l 



CM &lt;M Cl O) C-) 



o 
o 



" 
aS 



: Ci i^ oo ci O O o O5 
&gt;!&lt; ( OJ rt&lt; O 



oo ~ ~i ~. 



O oc o Ci t&gt;- o " cc 
-^ CO(M&lt;NTfir-ifOO 



O i &lt;N 



CO 



e-&lt; IM IM 



-o &lt; 



oo os o -H &lt;M 



| ~j -^ CO rt O GO t-- l 



O op p T(( eo d &lt;-&lt; o O&gt; oo t p o * co e&gt;3 ctN i i o Q 



c^ 






MO 



CO i 



I CM (M -^ 

O iCJic 



CM -* 



CO 



I 



~ C-4 CM &lt;N OJ (N (M &lt;M 



O 10 w 



-^cc i e&lt;5 &lt; sc to M 
!&lt;:N&lt;MCOCOC C M T|H i 



iOr-OfO^C-1 -^OOC-OCC)OC5 
&lt; IMIO -H 1 * iiO-* * 1 C^ CC O iC 









.&lt;M 



i (M W (N 



OO 






c3 

Q 



^ 
5 
^ 


co 
o 



ira &gt;c o o 



itNlMCNCNiMINiMiMCNC 1 ! 



to &gt;o to to to 



H1UOHJ JO 



.I138X JO 



OOOOO (-H i _&lt; ( 



1897] 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



27 




THIRTY-ONE DAYS. 



897. 



DECEMBER, 



CANADA 



-.e =3 

flj /&gt; 
P* Q 

A e3 oj 



: COCO&C^?4^Hr^^ OiCO^-tfCOCCCCC^tM 

: &lt;M&lt;M(MC^C^fMC^C^C&lt;lC^ i-H^pHi-4-H^H-H^H^ 



US US US f -J&lt; CO 



uoosj 



-HC &gt; ieO^ &lt; usoi&gt;.ooO 



IP 



~J1 

3 -S 
2. = 

" 32 



9^ c 

5 5 
sis 

tc^^ 



=: 
^g 

J-O 
&gt; S 



s " .2 

B|? 



CO i 



i I&lt;M&lt;N&lt;M&lt;NIM 



-HtT(ft-eooeooeoosONOsus MOius(Mius OO 



GOGOOOCCGOQOCOGCCOGO 





IjAT - 4 

LON. 9 



MN 



-4 



: IT- ^ i CCOc 
5&lt;JCC tO&gt;O 



&lt;M US i i CO US 



CO - 



i-Hi &lt;-^&lt;MiM&lt;MCOeO-^lOCOt~O5Oi iCO 



-C3C 
r i 

O 



S 

* ^-l 



C-)-^cO 

co 10 i 



eo &lt; 



IM eo us 






^C^1CNC&lt;&lt;C-)C^C^C&lt;IC^C^(&gt;IC&lt;IC^C-JC-I&lt;?4&lt;NC^C^I^) ?(C-1C^C4?)CCCOCOCOCOCCC&lt;7 



tO t^ CO Oi O N CO 

COCOCOCOOOCOOCOOOOOOCDQOODOOQOCCCOGOOCa)CCiOOCOQOCOOOCOQOQCGOa5 



ust-aooi &lt;i-ifrieo-*-*iO5O | Xit t t-^t aoao 

^( rt ^ ^H IM C4 C-l 05 11 iM ^ !M (M !M C4 C^ 7^1 C-4 5^1 ?M 



--T) rj"i TJ 
&lt;M (M ?! 



H MONTH. 



TWEL 



D 
H 
PQ 

H 

5 

o* 



a 

VI 



cc-*TjHious 
O 1 iC^CO-rfi 



us i i * 



t- 

-eo 



(M 



OO 



i CO - 



CO US CO i i 



OO 
--&lt;(M 



C&lt;lCO-&lt;t 



(MC^C JCOCOCO-^itS^I 00 C5 O -&lt; (M ec 



IM^ C-)CO(N CO &lt;C -^ 

i (&lt;MCOUSOt-0(OC5CiOlO 



t-- *eo 
CO US i i 

OO -&lt; 



^H 4-i rt f Ai ^^ I-H FH (M C&lt;1 (N C-J m C-l C-] ffl IM C-) C4 C-J 0&lt;l C-1 (M CC CO CO CO CO CC M 









39 
24 



LAT " 
LON 



RONTO 

} 



oo eo t-* O eo eo 10 as 

i i &lt; &lt;N (M (M O i i 



**!*&gt;&gt;* o (N eo 



ao &lt;O o o w co Q *H &lt;N eg -&lt; 

lO Tj&lt;iM&lt;MCCO -iCO-&lt;ruS 



Oi CO CO O US US O (M CC SI O * &gt;-i O CO i i 71 00 
TJ&lt; (?l US --i * &lt;N UST^USO i-i -ff^COTti 



t O O 



O CO S5 O i i CO 
(N * -^ eo US 



,(Meoeoeo-*-J&lt;uso&lt;oi&gt;&gt;ooos-&lt;(Neo -Oi-iiM^uscot-oocsooo i i &lt; 



y. 

a 
12 



S CO CO CO C-l (M (M -H i -H !M C1 !M C-J 



(?1 CO CO CO * 



lO US O O 



OD C3 O C-l 



S OA CO ~f 



5 




10 



Cl 11 Ol O-l Ol 



C 1 ! CC CO 



JO 



cococococccocococccocococococccococococococotccococcc&lt;trccococo 



28 



MOON S PHASES OCCULTATIONS OF STARS. 



[1897 



NjOON S PHASES FOR THE YEAR 1897, EASTERN STANDARD TIME. 



New Moon. 


First Quarter. 


Full Moon. 


Last Quarter. 


Apogee. 


Perigee. 


D. H. M. 

Jany.. 313 
Feby.. 1 15 13 
March. 3 6 56 
April.. 1 23 24 
May .. 1 15 46 


D. II. M. 

Jany . . 10 16 46 
Febv . . 9 14 25 
March. 11 10 28 
April.. 10 3 27 
May . . 9 16 37 


D. H. M. 

Janv . . 18 15 17 
Feby.. 17 5 11 
March. 18 16 28 
April.. 17 1 25 
May .. 16 8 54 


D. H. M. 

Jany . . 25 15 9 
Feby.. 23 22 44 
March. 25 7 
April.. 23 16 48 
May . . 23 4 34 


I). H. 

Jany .... 1115 
Feby.... 8 12 
March ... 87 
April .... 4 21 
May .... 2 2 


D. H. 

Jany.... 25 10 
Feby.... 20 8 
March ... 20 7 
April 17 16 
May. ... 16 2 




May .. 31 7 26 
June.. 29 21 55 June.. 822 
July .. 29 10 58| July .. 7 8 32 
Aug . . 27 22 29 Aug . 5 13 24 
Sept .. 26 8 46,Sept .. 3 18 13 


June . . 14 16 2 
July . . 13 23 52 
Aug .. 12 9 23 
Sept . . 10 21 12 


June.. 21 18 24 
July . . 21 10 8 
Aug .. 20 3 29 
Sept . . 18 21 51 


June.... 25 17 
July .... 23 10 
Aug .... 20 4 
Sept .... 16 23 


June.... 13 10 
July.... 11 12 
Aug ... 7 16 
Sept .... 1 17 
Sept.... 28 19 


Oct .. 25 18 28 
Nov . . 24 4 20 


Oct.... 3 31 
Nov. .. 1 9 37 


Oct ... 10 11 42 
Nov . . 9 4 50 


Oct. . 18 16 9 
Nov... 17 9 2 


Oct .... U 17 
Nov .... 11 4 


Oct 26 22 
Nov .... 24 9 


Deo .. 23 14 55 


jNov... 30 22 15 
Dec .. 30 14 27 


Dec .. 8 23 54 


Dec .. 16 23 22 


Dec .... 86 


Dec .... 22 22 



OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY THE MOON, 1897. 

The time given for the disappearance and reappearance is the eastern standard time of the Washington 
occurrence, the hours being numbered from (midnight) to 23. 



Date. 


Name. 


Magnitude. 


Immersion 
E. Standard 
Time. 


OH 
fc 

a 

h 

*- 

_ 
"si 

&lt; 


Emersion 
E. Standard 
Time. 


PH 
ti 

I 
o&gt; 

"So 

&lt; 


Date. 


Name. 


Magnitude. 


Immersion 
E. Standard 
Time. 


h 
fc 

1 
e 



"So 

9 


Emersion 
E. Standard 
Time. 


- 
fe 

B 
S. 

+4 

a&gt; 
"Si 

-&lt; 

202 
238 
246 
199 
236 
226 
248 
234 
217 
213 
221 
228 
221 
261 
281 
214 
286 
214 
221 
284 
179 
208 
250 
235 
256 
245 
229 
260 
334 
258 


Jan. 13 
19 
Feb. 13 
14 
14 
15 
16 
Mar. 14 
15 
22 
24 
April 5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
11 
12 
16 
19 
May 3 
8 
June 1 
13 
17 
July 27 
Aug. 6 
6 
9 
9 
f- 15 


18 Tauri .... 


6 

4 
7 
6 
6 
7 
7 
6 
4 
6 
6 
6 
5 
7 
5 
7 
6 
6 
6 
5 
6 
4 
5 
5 
4 
3 
6 
3 
5 
5 
4 


h. m. 
18 42 
6 41 
11 59 
19 37 
22 9 
21 34 
19 20 
20 23 
2 3 
23 35 
5 7 
19 59 
19 59 
20 21 
20 22 
20 24 
34 
1 39 
20 54 
4 14 
19 25 
17 6 
20 7 
1 40 
23 39 
3 17 
17 19 
19 8 
29 
21 34 
31 


67 
80 
85 
69 
103 
108 
138 
38 
82 
72 
71 
143 
94 
76 
121 
82 
163 
93 
10S 
45 
108 
78 
118 
66 
118 
71 
148 
54 
89 
119 
42 


h. m. 

20 20 
7 24 
14) 1 5 
20 41 
23 29 
22 53 
20 20 
20 36 
2 50 
(23) 25 
6 26 
20 35 
21 1 
21 21 
21 13 
21 25 
1 17 
2 28 
21 58 
4 57 
20 23 
18 8 
20 57 
2 38 
(18) 25 
4 10 
18 25 
20 2 
1 31 
!&gt; 2f 
1 1 51 


251 
350 
320 
326 
310 
311 
271 
19 
332 
328 
289 
210 
259 
278 
233 
272 
255 
320 
321 
331 
265 
344 
263 
304 
196 
288 
257 
330 
239 
205 
238 


Aug. 20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
Sept. 4 
18 
20 
Oct. 3 
6 
8 
12 
13 
13 
13 
15 
17 
27 
Nov. 1 
5 
8 
10 
10 
10 
10 
16 
29 
Dec. 5 
12 
27 


U Pleiadum . . . 
19 Tauri 


6 
5 

7 
5 
7 
5 
5 
6 
7 
6 
5 
5 
7 
4 
6 
6 
6 
3 
6 
7 
6 
5 
3 
4 
6 
6 
7 
6 
6 
4 


H. M. 

3 19 
3 32 
4 3 
4 3 
4 6 
17 26 
23 25 
5 33 
20 3 
19 24 
21 10 
20 15 
19 53 
20 3 
20 7 
22 21 
22 18 
16 13 
20 38 
22 48 
18 46 
4 2 
4 27 
5 28 
5 24 
4 30 
15 54 
19 56 
20 12 
18 2 


113 

78 
74 
119 
83 
135 
100 
150 
93 
74 
60 
82 
101 
60 
41 
129 
82 
157 
73 
3 
128 
143 
103 
121 
100 
175 
59 
40 
50 
30 


H. M. 

4 19 
4 58 
5 33 
5 1 
5 35 
18 25 
(19) 20 
6 35 
21 10 
20 41 
22 32 
21 16 
20 43 
21 
21 
23 44 
23 13 
16 47 
21 46 
23 42 
19 15 
4 42 
5 36 
6 22 
6 27 
5 20 
19 21 
21 18 
20 48 
19 8 


S Cancri 
B. A.C. 2363.. 
7 Cancri 
ju. 2 Cancri 
68 Cancri .... 


21 Tauri 


"0 Tauri 


22 Tauri 
3 Sagittarii . . . 
139 Tauri 


35 Cancri 
8 Cancri 


w Geminorum. 
53 Sagittarii... 
B. A.C. 7774.. 
2 2 Piscium. . . . 
E Arietis 
26 Tauri 


B. A.C. 5347.. 
43 Ophinchi. . . 
g Pleiadum. . . 




27 Tauri 




28 Tauri 


22 Tauri 


125 Tauri 
58 Geminorum 
TT Scorpii 
29 Capricorni . 
45 Piscium. . . . 
ft. Arietis .... 
03 Tauri 


TT Cancri 
7T 2 Cancri 
75 Virginia. . . . 
b Scorpii 
X Tauri 


5 Cancri 
139 Tauri 
6 Scorpii 


t] Tauri 


27 Tauri 




6 Capricorn! . . 
e Geminorum 
4 Scorpii 
w Scorpii 
B. A.C. 6194. 
* Sagitarii. . . 
A Piscium. . . . 


0- Cancri 
50 Capricorni . 
26 Arietis . . . . 


Aquarii 





The disappearance always takes place on the right hand side of the moon, and the reappearance on tl 
when viewed through an inverting or astronomical telescope. 



1897] 



THE CANADIAN ALMANAC. 



29 



Eclipses, Planetary Conjunctions, etc., \r\ the Year 1897. 

















January. 




May. 




September. 




1 


D. 


H. 


D. 


H. 


D. 


H. 


1 


69dd 9022S 


2 


17 $ d d ^1 S 12 N 


4 


13 g d d g 8 S 


3 


llgdd g 2 6 S 


2 


17 b d i h 6 58 N 


6 


11 g Great, elong. E. 19 9 


4 


19 ID d d ID 5 14 S 


8 


21 g Stationary. 


6 


149dd 9378 


7 


17 &lt;5 d &lt;J 22 N 


11 


22 g Great. Hel. Lat. S. 


10 


1 g in ft. i 10 


5 g Stationary. 


11 


23 9 in ft. 


13 


g Stationary. | m 


15 Tl 6 i Tl 3 20 N 


13 


1 11 d . 


14 


16 g in Perihelion. 


16 


10 g in ft. 14 


22 W D . 


14 


22 d d d 1 42 S 


16 


12 # d d 5 7 N 18 


14 If d d Ip 4 48 S 


15 


11 15 d d It 5 50 S 


16 


14 h d d h 7 11 N 


22 


7 g d Inferior. 


16 


2 &lt;j Stationary. 


17 


13 # 8 


22 


14 enters =a= Autumn com. 


21 


16 Tl d d 7/ 3 46 N 


17 


21 9 Stationary. 


23 


21 9 d d 9 2 48 N 


22 
24 


10 g d Inferior. 
23 g Great. Hel. Lat. N. 


18 
21 


b 8 
1 g d Inferior. 


25 
25 


3 ID Stationary. 
19 Tl 6 d 11 5 27 N 


27 


7 d d $ 5 29 N 


21 


19 9 in ft. 


25 


22 g d d g 2 35 N 


27 


9bdd h 7 19 N 


21 


23 ii n 


27 


18 d d d 5 6 44 N 


30 


6 9 in ft. 


22 


&lt;j in Aphelion. 


27 


18 g d 11 g 2 17 S 


31 


4 g d d g 5 11 N 


25 


7 &lt;J d r, Cancri d 2 S 


30 


1 $ d d 4 68 N 






26 


15 g in Aphelion. 


30 


3 h d d h 6 86 N 




February. 


28 
30 


6 9 d d 9 6 32 S 

7Sdd B827S 


30 
30 


12 8 Stationary. 
23 g in ft. 


D. 


H. 










1 


Eclipsed, invisible. 




June. 




October. 


2 
5 
11 
11 
15 
16 
17 


23 g Stationary. 
18 9 A d 9 3 48 S 
15 $ & d &lt;J 1 51 S 
19 01 d d 4! 5 53 S 
23 g Great, elong. W. 26 23 
2 9 Great, elong. E. 46 39 
2 H n (Ti 


D. 

i 

2 
4 
5 
7 
10 


3 ID d d lt 56S 
7 g Stationary. 
9 Qreatest brilliancy. 
6 6 d &lt;J 1 49 N 
27/dd 7/3 43 N 
12 IH d 


D. 

5 
6 
7 
15 
15 
15 


n. 
13 g in Perihelion. 

21 y Great, elong. W. 18 t 
13 9 in Perihelion. 
21 g Great. Hel. Lat. N. 
22 ID d d * 4 35 S 


17 
17 
18 
19 


* v i i i -^/. 
10 g in ft. 
19 Tl d d 7/ 3 33 N 
15 h D 

16 d d ID &lt;j 4 2 N 


12 
12 
15 
16 


21 Ijl d d 5 12 N 
22 b d d b 7 15 N 
19 g Great, elong. W. 23 4 
g Great. Hel. Lat. S. 


19 
23 
23 

25 


16 9 i U 9 28 N 
16 Tl 6 (. 11 5 55 N 
23 9 d d 9 6 39 N 
8gdd- g657N 


22 


9 TL 8 


18 


20 b d ID b 2 3 N 


26 


10 d d d 6 6 12 N 


23 

23 
26 

27 


13 ^ d d 5 27 N 
16 h d d b 7 19 N 
4 ID Stationary. 
15 gin Aphelion. 


20 
25 
26 

28 
28 
29 


23 enters 25 Sum. com. 
3 9 m Aphelion. 
1 9 d d 9 8 58 S 
7gdd S 5 11 S 
11 ID d d ID 5 3 S 
12 g d it g 14 N 


27 
27 
31 


12 d d 4 44 N 
16 b d d b 6 14 N 
9 &lt;J in ft. 

November. 




March. 






D. 


H. 








July. 


6 


11 9 Great, Hel. Lat. N. 


D. 


H. 


D. 


H. 


8 


8 d Superior. 


1 


8gdd g!57S 


1 


21 in Aphelion. 


8 


8 g in ft. 


3 


10 %t Stationary. 


3 


21 $ 6 d (J 3 21 N 


12 


3*d( *4S7S 


4 


20 9 in Perihelion. 


4 


14 Tl 6 d 11 * 10 N 


12 


14 g d d g 22 S 


7 


8 9 d d 9 1 25 S 


5 


8 in ft. 


16 


78d 814S 


7 


14 re n 


7 


23 9 Great, elong. W. 44 44 


18 


13 g in Aphelion. 


9 


22 b. Stationary. 


9 


14 g in Perihelion. 


18 


19 8 d b S 2 54 S 


11 


4 ID d d ID 5 45 S 


10 


4b.dd b718N 


20 


11 71 6 d 11 6 24 N 


11 


19 &lt;J d 1 6 1 34 S 


10 


5 M d d M 5 18 N 


21 


3 $ d . 


16 


23 I/ d d 11 3 15 N 


15 


17 g d Superior. 


21 


4o"d# (J024S 


18 


17 &lt;$ n 


17 


16 9 Great. Hel. Lat. S. 


21 


7 d A - 


20 


g Great. Hel. Lat. S. 


19 


22 i Great. Hel. Lat. N. 


22 


21 9 d d 9 6 39 N 


20 

21 


3 Enters T Spring com. 
22 9 Greatest brilliancy. 


25 
25 


10 i A Tl &lt;S07S 
12 9 d d 9 6 44 S 


24 
24 


4(Jdd &lt;544N 


22 


19 d ( 3 18 N 


25 




24 


7 b d (J b. 5 57 N 


22 

26 


23 b, d d h 7 15 N 
18 9 Great. Hel. Lat. N. 


28 
28 


Eclipsed, visible in Can. 
16 9 d * 9 1 21 S 


24 
25 


21 8 d ( S 2 ON 

1 b d 






28 


20 b Stationary. 


27 


13 &lt;j d h J 2 2 S 




April. 


30 


20 g d d g 3 18 N 
















December. 


D. 


n. 




August. 






1 

2 


22 g d Superior. 
5 g d ( g 5 54 S 


D. 

1 


6 Tl 6 1 H 4 36 N 


D. 

8 


H. 

99d 9047N 


4 


19 9 d T 9 1 35 N 


1 


11 d d d &lt;J 4 41 N 


8 


21 8 Great Hel. Lat. S. 


6 

7 


23 9 Stationary. 
12 !t&lt; d d ID 5 29 S 


2 
6 


20 H Stationary. 

10 h d d b 7 13 N 


9 
12 


8 * &lt;J ff * 4 26 S 
15 9 d b 9 6 S 


8 


1 g in ft. 


6 


11 $ d d 5 19 N 


12 


15 * 8 


8 
9 


9 dEGeminorum^O 2 S 
4 d d ( d 50 S 


12 
13 


9 g in ft. 
1 8 d 11 S 1 14 S 


18 
20 


27/dd 7/6 50 N 
12 8 Great, elong. E. 20 3 


12 


15 g in Perihelion. 


16 


2-2 b n 


21 


8 enters v3 Winter com. 


13 


6 Tl d d 11 3 8N 


17 


14 $ D 


21 


15 Ijl d ( ^ 4 34 N 


16 


20 &lt;J Great. Hel. Lat. N. 


22 


6 ID d d ID 4 58 S 


21 


23 b d d h 5 47 N 


17 


4gd9 g513S 


22 


14 g in Aphelion. 


22 


17 9 d d 9 3 40 N 


19 


3 ijl d d H 6 8 N 


24 


13 9 d ( 9 2 31 S 


23 


Oddd &lt;J226N 


19 


6bdd b710N 


25 


19 b d $ h 1 48 N 


25 


g d ( g 24 S 


22 


23 g Great. Hel. Lat. X. 


26 


17 g" Great. elong.E/27 18 


27 


23 g in ft. 


26 


11 TI Stationary. 


28 


23 71 d d 11 5 2 N 


28 


2 B Stationaiy. 


28 


10 g Great, elong. E. 20 43 


30 


2gdd 8150N 


30 


14 n n . 


28 


13 9 d Q Inferior. 


30 


2&lt;Jdd ,J5 32 Nl 30 


18 9 d d 9 40 N 



30 



ECLIPSES OF JUPITER S SATELLITES. 



[1897 



ECLIPSES, Etc., OF JUPITER S SATELLITES, 1897. 

In eastern standard time (Oh.-23h.) tr in, denotes transit of satellite ; tr eg, transit egress ; sh in, shadow in 
gress ; sh eg, shadow egress ; ec dis, disappearance of satellite behind planet ; oc dis, disappearance of satellite in 
planet s shadow. 



January. 


February. 


D. H. M. 


D. H. M. 


D. H. M. 






26 1 30 IV ec re 


27 32 1 tr in 


27 23 1 1 tr eg 


D. H. M. 


D. II. M. 


1 48 11 tr in 


1 16 1 sh in 


28 11 1 sh eg 


1 23 44 1 ec dis 


1 1 43 1 ec dis 


1 55 11 sh in 


2 51 1 tr in 


21 17 1 ec re 


2 10 11 ecdis 


2 3 IV tr eg 


4 39 11 treg 


2 59 111 oc dis 


30 22 51 11 tr in 


32 1 ocre 


4 31 1 oc re 


4 48 11 sh eg 


3 35 1 sh eij 


31 1 16 11 sh in 


5 9 11 oc re 


4 56 11 xh in 


26 19 52 1 treg 


21 39 1 oc dit 


1 44 11 treg 


23 14 1 sh eg 


6 1 11 tr in 


19 57 1 sh eg 


28 41 1 ec re 




3 16 1 tr eg 


22 58 1 sh in 


27 20 46 11 oc din 


18 59 1 tr in 


May. 


23 41 11 tr eij 


23 29 1 tr in 


23 49 11 ec re 


19 44 1 sh in 




23 52 111 sh eg 


2 1 18 1 sh eg 




21 18 1 tr eg 


1 20 56 111 oc dis 


4 27 111 trin 


1 48 1 tr eg 


March. 


22 3 1 sh eg 


2 31 111 oc re 


3 56 111 tr eg 


20 50 1 ec dis 




29 19 9 1 ec re 


1 56 111 ec dis 


7 42 IV oc dis 


22 57 1 oc re 


2 3 23 111 tr in 


23 58 11 trin 


23 11 11 ec re 


4 56 IV oc re 


23 54 11 ec dis 


4 1 111 sh in 


30 1 33 11 shin 


3 21 18 IV ec dis 


8 4 19 1 sh in 


3 3 42 11 oc re 


3 3 32 1 oc dis 


2 50 11 tr eg 


4 1 13 1 oc di* 


5 18 1 tr in 


19 46 1 sh eg 


61 1 ecre 


19 57 111 sh in 


1 21 IV ec re 


6 39 1 sh eg 


20 14 1 tr eg 


4 51 1 tr in 


20 17 111 tr eg 


22 34 1 tr in 


9 1 35 1 ec dis 


4 21 6 11 sh eg 


13 1 sh in 


23 29 111 sh eg 


23 47 1 sh in 


2 46 11 ec dis 


21 59 11 tre;i 


3 10 1 tr in 


31 1 27 IV oc dis 


5 53 1 tr eg 


4 49 1 oc re 


5 2 9 111 ec dis 


3 22 1 sh eg 


19 4 11 oc dis 


19 42 1 oc di* 


22 48 1 sh in 


7 6 23 I shin 


21 58 1 ocdis 


23 31 11 ec re 


23 12 1 ec re 


23 44 1 tr in 


8 3 36 1 ec dis 


5 29 1 ec re 




6 20 35 1 sh eg 


1C 1 8 1 sh eg 


6 15 1 oc re 


4 1 11 tr in 


April. 


8 1 23 11 tr in 


22 1 tr eg 


8 19 41 111 sh eg 


4 30 11 sh in 




9 46 111 oc dis 


23 11 11 tr in 


21 3 111 tr eg 


19 17 1 tr in 


3 2 19 1 tr in 


20 29 11 oc dis 


23 16 1 oc re 


9 52 1 sh in 


19 32 1 sh in 


3 10 1 sh in 


11 20 1 11 sh eg 


11 10 11 sh eg 


1 13 1 tr in 


21 27 111 ec re 


23 24 1 oc dis 


11 21 15 IV tr eg 


C 13 111 sh in 


3 8 IV ec dis 


21 36 1 treg 


4 2 35 I ecre 


12 26 1 tr in 


2 1 11 tr eg 


3 12 1 sh eg 


21 51 1 sh eg 


20 46 1 tr in 


19 53 111 sh in 


3 50 3 11 sh eg 


3 32 1 tr eg 


6 2 14 IV trin 


21 39 1 sh in 


21 35 1 oc dis 


4 111 tr in. 


22 5 1 ec dis 


4 37 IV sh in 


23 5 1 tr eg 


23 21 111 sh eq 


14 21 14 111 ocre 


10 41 1 oc re 


18 58 1 ecre 


23 58 1 sh eg 


13 20 11 1 sh in 


22 41 IV sh in 


2 30 11 ec dis 


23 1 11 oc dis 


5 21 4 1 ecre 


21 14 1 tr eg 


15 3 23 IV sh eg 


5 59 11 oc re 


7 2 25 11 ec re 


6 2 19 11 tr in 


22 30 1 sh eg 


15 6 13 1 sh in 


19 20 11 sh in 


8 20 11 treg 


20 13 111 tr in 


16 23 2 11 oc dis 


6 58 IV tr in 


19 39 1 tr in 


20 39 11 sh eg 


23 47 111 tr eg 


18 19 48 11 sh in 


16 3 28 1 ec dis 


21 40 1 sh eg 


10 5 16 1 oc dis 


23 56 111 sh in 


20 7 11 treg 


5 22 11 ec dis 


21 58 1 tr e/i 


11 2 35 1 tr in 


7 3 27 111 sh eg 


22 38 11 sh eg 


6 35 1 oc re 


11 19 7 1 ocre 


2 58 1 sh in 


21 25 11 oc dis 


19 22 1 6 111 tr eg 


17 42 1 sh in 


20 47 11 sh in 


4 54 1 tr eg 


8 2 7 11 ecre 


23 29 1 oc dis 


1 32 1 tr in 


21 22 11 tr in 


5 17 1 sh eg 


21 1 IV sh eg 


23 52 111 sh in 


321 sh eq 


23 40 11 sh eg 


23 42 1 oc dis 


9 20 18 11 sh eg 


20 20 49 1 tr in 


3 51 1 tr eg 


12 13 11 tr eg 


12 2 23 1 ec re 


11 1 14 1 oc dis 


22 6 1 sh in. 


21 56 1 ec dis 


6 8 111 ec dis 


20 15 111 oc dis 


22 34 1 tr in 


23 8 1 treg 


23 50 11 sh in 


13 19 6 11 oc re 


21 1 1 tr in 


23 34 1 sh in 


21 25 1 sh eg 


18 1 2 1 oc re 


15 5 30 1 ec dis 


21 26 1 sh in 


12 53 1 treg 


21 31 1 ec re 


1 30 11 tr in 


20 4 111 sh in 


23 20 1 tr eg 


1 53 1 sh eg 


25 19 51 11 tr in 


2 43 11 sh eg 


20 51 111 tr in 


23 45 1 sh eg 


19 41 1 oc dis 


22 25 11 sh in. 


4 11 111 sh in 


23 39 111 sh eg 


13 1 25 111 ec re 


22 59 1 ec re 


22 44 11 tr eq 


4 21 11 treg 


16 20 111 tr eg 


20 52 1 ec re 


13 19 21 1 tr eg 


26 22 39 111 tr in 


21 30 1 sh eg 


2 46 1 sh in 


14 1 17 11 oc dis 


20 22 1 sh eg 


27 20 14 11 ec re 


22 17 1 tr eg 


2 57 1 tr in 


5 1 11 ec re 


23 46 111 tr in 


22 44 1 tr in 


19 23 6 11 oc re 


56 1 sh eg 


19 28 IV ec re 


14 23 49 11 oc dis 


28 1 1 sh in 


22 40 111 oc re 


5 16 1 tr eg 


15 19 23 11 tr in 


16 20 3 11 sh in 


19 54 1 oc dis 


23 5 21 1 ec dis 


17 2 25 1 oc re 


20 22 11 sh in 


20 48 11 tr eg 


22 42 IV sh in 


24 2 35 1 sh in 


4 6 11 ec dis 


22 15 11 tr eg 


21 30 IV oc re 


23 26 1 ec re 


3 18 1 tr in 


21 23 1 tr in 


23 14 11 sh eg 


22 54 11 sh ect 


29 20 48 1 sh eg 


4 55 1 sh eg 


23 35 1 sh eg 


18 4 20 1 tr in 


17 21 19 111 ec re 


30 21 12 111 ec re 


5 36 1 tr eg 


23 42 1 tr eg 


4 52 1 sh in 


19 24 1 tr in 




23 49 1 ec dis 


18 20 50 1 oc re 


19 4 17 1 ec re 


1 29 1 sh in 


June. 


25 2 22 11 sh in 


23 21 11 sh in 


22 46 1 tr in 


2 42 1 tr eg 




2 47 1 oc re 


23 35 11 tr in 


23 21 1 sh in 


21 31 1 oc dig 


1 22 30 11 tr in 


3 47 11 tr in 


19 2 14 11 s/t e.&lt;/ 


23 35 111 oc dix 


20 53 1 ec re 


3 22 49 11 ec re 


5 16 11 sh eg 


2 26 11 tr eo 


20 1 5 1 tr eg 


19 57 1 sh in 


4 21 50 1 oc di* 


6 38 11 tr eg 


20 21 21 11 oc re 


1 39 1 sh eg 


21 10 1 tr eg 


5 20 24 1 gh in 


21 4 1 sh in 


23 2 111 sh in 


19 54 1 oc dis 


22 16 1 sh eg 


21 12 IV oc dif 


21 44 1 tr in 


6 111 tr in 


22 46 1 ec re 


21 19 22 1 ec re 


21 28 1 tr eg 


25 23 24 1 sh eg 


3 37 111 xfi. e&lt;7 


21 3 34 11 oc din 


22 2 15 11 oc dis 


22 43 1 sh eg 


26 2 1 tr e&lt;t 


3 37 111 tr ("i 


1!) 32 1 tr eg 


23 20 26 11 tr in 


6 20 20 111 oc re 


26 21 13 1 oc re 


4 40 1 sh in 


20 1 1 sh eg 


22 39 11 sh in 


21 55 111 ec di* 


21 17 11 ec dis 


4 41 1 ; in 


22 21 4 IV treg 


23 15 11 tr eg 


10 20 12 11 oc dis 


27 1 25 11 oc re 


24 1 49 1 oc dis 


21 40 11 tr in 


24 1 30 11 sh tfl 


12 21 6 1 tr in 


28 22 11 111 ec ill* 


48 -1 oc re 


22 37 IV A in 


20 46 111 oc re 


22 19 1 sh in 


29 4 2 111 oc re 


23 7 1 tr in 


22 58 11 sh in 


21 57 111 ecdis 


13 20 53 111 oc dis 


31 4 29 1 all in 


23 9 1 sh in 


23 32 11 tr eg 


23 43 IV tr in 


21 45 1 ec re 


52 1 tr in 


25 1 26 1 treg 


1 50 11 sh eg 


25 1 17 111 ec re 


14 20 47 IV sh eg 


6 49 1 xfi &lt; &lt;! 


1 28 1 sh eg 


3 5 IV sh eg 


20 36 11 ec re 


17 22 52 11 oc &lt;//.- 


21 18 IV sh eg 


20 15 1 oc din 


19 31 111 sh eg 


26 2 14 1 tr in 


19 20 8 11 tr eg 


21 50 IV tr in 


20 35 IV oc dis 


24 20 55 11 ec re. 


27 20 42 1 tr in 


22 23 11 sh eg 




22 35 1 ec re 


26 3 13 1 oc dix 


21 52 1 sh in 


21 21 1 1 sh eg 



1897] 



RISING, SOUTHING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS. 



31 



ECLIPSES, ETC., OF JUPITER S SATELLITES Continued. 



D. H. M. 


October. 


D. H. M. 


D. H. M. 


D. H. M. 


22 20 48 IV oc re 




12 5 27 1 sh eg 


4 6 12 1 ec dig 


18 6 55 11 tr eg 


26 20 11 tr in 


D. H. M. 


6 21 1 tr eg 


5 3 19 1 sh in 


20 4 27 1 ec di* 


22 12 11 sh in 


15 5 24 11 sh in 


13 3 42 1 oc re 


4 27 1 tr in 


21 1 33 1 sh in 


11 -2-2 13 1 oc dis 


19 5 55 1 ec dis 


15 3 19 111 sh in 


5 35 1 sh eg 


2 10 111 sh eg 


28 20 37 1 sh in 


20 5 18 1 sh eg 


6 25 111 sh eg 


6 43 1 tr eg 


2 44 1 tr in 


21 50 1 tr eg 


5 54 1 tr eg 


16 4 15 11 tr in 


643 1 oe re 


3 50 1 sh eg 




22 5 17 11 sh in 


4 59 11 sh eg 


8 3 15 IV oc dis 


4 11 111 tr in 


July. 


27 4 55 1 ah in 


18 5 3 1 sh in 


4 29 IV oc re 


51 1 tr ej 




5 36 1 tr in 


63 1 tr in 


9 4 14 11 ec dis 


6 55 111 tr eg 


5 21 30 1 trin 


28 5 15 1 oc re 


23 4 53 11 sh in 


10 5 24 111 ec dis 


22 2 22 1 oc re 


12 20 22 11 ocdis 


5 37 111 ec dis 


25 3 47 11 oc re 


11 1 58 11 sh eg 


25 4 25 11 sh in 


21 5 111 ec re 


31 6 14 11 oc re 


26 4 39 111 oc re 


4 17 11 tr eg 


6 58 11 tr in 


13 20 43 1 ocdis 




27 4 19 1 ec dis 


12 5 11 1 sh in 


27 3 44 11 oc re 


14 20 18 1 tr eg 


November. 


28 2 30 1 tr in 


6 22 1 tr in 


6 20 1 ec din 


21 12 1 sk eg 




3 42 1 sh eg 


13 2 34 1 ec dis 


28 3 5 111 sh in 


17 20 15 IV tr in 


4 3 44 IV ec dis 


4 44 1 tr eg 


5 59 1 oc re 


3 26 1 sh in 


21 20 49 1 sh in 


4 11 1 ec dis 


29 4 43 IV sh in 


14 1 57 1 sh eg 


4 40 1 trin 


22 20 18 1 ec re 


5 4 23 1 tr eg 




2 51 111 tr eg 


5 35 1 sh eg 


28 20 33 11 tr in 


7 4 39 11 ec dis 


December. 


37 1 tr eg 


6 6 111 sh eg 




8 5 54 111 tr eg 




16 6 49 11 ec dis 


6 55 1 treg 


August. 


9 4 9 11 treg 


2 6 29 11 oc re 


18 1 52 11 sh in 


29 4 15 1 oc re 




11 6 4 1 ec dis 


3 4 20 111 ec re 


4 21 11 tr in 


30 1 24 1 tr eg 


6 19 43 111 sh in 


12 4 4 1 trin 


5 59 111 oc dis 


4 32 11 sh eg 





RISING, SOUTHING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS, 1897. 





Mercury 9 


Venus ? Mars i 


Jupiter n |j Saturn T, 


Rises 


S uths 


Sets. 


Rises. 


S uths 


Sets. 


Rises. 


S uths 


Sets. 


Rises. 


S uths 


Sets. 


Rises. 


S uths 


Sets. 




H. M. 


H. M. 


II. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


II. M. 


II. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


II. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


1 


8 5t 13 23 


17 52 


10 


15 


20 1 


14 1 


21 56 


5 57 


21 22 


4 


10 41 


4 7 


8 52 


13 45 


Jany 11 


8 33 13 21 


18 10 


9 45 


15 5 


20 25 


13 17 


21 12 


5 11 


20 40 


3 19 


10 1 


3 33 


8 17 


13 8 


21 


7 24 12 17 


17 11 


9 28 


15 8 


20 48 


12 38 


20 33 


4 31 


19 57 


2 37 


9 21 


2 57 


7 41 


12 31 


1 


6 8 ;10 53 


15 39 


9 6 


15 8 


21 11 


12 1 


19 56 


3 54 


19 8 


1 50 


8 35 


i 2 17 


7 


11 51 


Feby 11 


5 49 10 29 


15 9 


8 43 


15 6 


21 29 


11 30 


19 27 


3 25 


18 22 


1 6 


7 54 


1 41 


6 23 


11 13 


21 


5 50 


10 33 


15 16 


8 19 


15 3 


21 46 


11 4 


19 1 


3 


17 36 


22 


7 12 


1 3 


5 45 


10 35 


1 
Mar 11 


5 54 
5 55 


10 45 
11 6 


15 37 
16 16 


7 59 
7 32 


14 58 
14 48 


21 56 
22 5 


10 44 
10 22 


18 42 
18 21 


2 42 
2 21 


16 59 

16 13 


23 46 
23 2 


6 38 
5 56 


32 
23 49 


5 14 
4 35 


10 4 
9 25 


21 


5 53 


11 30 


17 8 


7 2 


14 33 


22 5 


10 3 


18 1 


2 1 


15 28 


22 19 


5 14 


23 9 


3 55 


8 45 


1 


5 45 


12 4 


18 22 


6 25 


14 6 


21 47 


9 44 


17 41 


1 40 


14 39 


21 32 


4 28 


22 24 


3 11 


8 1 


Apr 11 


5 42 


12 40 


19 37 


5 43 


13 27 


21 11 


9 29 


17 24 


1 20 


L3 57 


20 50 


4 48 


21 44 


2 30 


7 20 


21 


5 40 


13 10 


20 39 


4 58 


12 33 


20 9 


9 16 


17 7 


1 


13 16 


20 10 


3 7 


21 


1 48 


6 40 


1 
May 11 
21 


5 32 
5 10 
4 32 


13 16 
12 50 
11 55 


21 1 
20 30 
19 19 


4 14 
3 36 
3 5 


11 82 
10 37 
9 56 


18 51 
17 38 
16 46 


9 4 
8 44 
8 44 


16 51 
16 35 
16 19 


40 
19 
23 54 


12 36 
11 59 
11 23 


19 30 
18 52 
18 15 


2 29 
1 49 
1 11 


20 18 
19 35 
18 52 


1 10 

28 
23 42 


5 59 
5 17 
4 36 


1 
June 11 


3 49 
3 19 


10 57 
10 29 


18 4 
17 39 


2 38 
2.16 


9 25 
9 8 


16 12 

15 59 


8 35 

8 27 


16 2 
15 46 


23 29 
23 5 


10 45 
10 12 


17 36 
17 1 


30 

23 49 


18 4 
17 22 


22 55 
22 13 


3 50 
3 8 


21 


3 4 


10 29 


17 53 


1 58 


8 57 


15 56 


8 20 


15 30 


22 40 


9 40 


16 26 


23 13 


16 35 


21 27 


2 24 


1 
July 11 


3 12 
3 55 


10 55 
11 44 


18 38 

19 33 


1 44 
1 33 


8 52 
8 51 


16 
16 9 


8 13 
8 7 


15 14 
14 58 


22 14 

21 49 


9 8 
8 38 


15 53 
15 20 


22 37 

22 1 

*- 


15 58 
15 17 


20 50 

20 y 


1 46 
1 5 


21 


5 3 


12 35 


20 7 


1 27 


8 53 


16 20 


8 


14 41 


21 22 


8 8 


14 47 


21 26 


,14 37 


19 29 


25 


1 

Aug 11 


6 13 

7 2 


13 14 
13 33 


20 15 
20 5 


36 
1 31 


8 59 
9 7 


16 23 
16 43 


7 53 
7 47 


14 23 

14 7 


20 53 

20 27 


7 36 

7 8 


14 12 
13 40 


20 47 
20 12 


13 54 

13 15 


18 46 

18 7 


23 38 
22 59 


21 


7 35 


13 40 


19 45 


1 42 


9 15 


16 49 


7 41 


13 51 


20 


6 40 


13 8 


19 37 


12 37 


17 29 


22 21 


1 
Sept 11 
21 


7 50 
7 25 
6 7 


13 32 
12 59 
11 54 


19 14 
18 33 
17 41 


2 
2 19 
2 42 


9 26 
9 35 
9 43 


1(1 51 
16 50 
16 44 


7 35 
7 30 
7 26 


13 33 

13 17 
13 2 


19 31 
19 5 

18 39 


6 8 
5 41 
5 13 


12 33 
12 2 
11 31 


18 59 
18 24 
17 50 


11 57 
11 21 
10 46 


16 47 
16 11 
15 35 


21 88 
21 1 
20 23 


1 
Oct 11 
21 


4 43 
4 36 
5 18 


10 54 
10 46 
11 4 


17 6 
16 56 
16 50 


3 5 
3 30 
3 54 


9 50 

9 57 
10 3 


16 35 
16 24 
16 11 


722 
7 18 
7 15 


12 48 
12 34 
12 21 


18 14 
17 49 
17 26 


4 44 

4 ](&gt; 

3 48 


11 

10 28 
9 56 


17 15 
16 40 
16 5 


10 11 
9 37 
9 3 


14 59 
14 23 
13 48 


19 47 
19 10 

6 :M 


1 
Nov 11 
21 


6 14 

7 3 
7 52 


11 29 
11 52 
12 16 


16 44 
16 41 
16 41 


421 
4 48 
5 15 


10 10 
10 16 
10 25 


15 58 
15 45 

15 :!4 


7 13 
7 10 

7 8 


12 7 
n :.&lt;; 
11 46 


17 2 
16 42 
16 23 


3 16 
2 46 
2 16 


9 21 

8 48 
8 15 


15 26 
14 51 
14 15 


8 25 
7 52 

7 18 


13 9 

12 35 
12 


17 54 
17 19 
16 42 


1 

Dec 11 
21 


8 33 
9 
9 5 


12 45 
13 11 
13 26 


16 56 

17 21 
17 47 


5 42 
6 9 
C. 34 


10 35 
10 47 
11 


15 "27 
15 24 
15 2fi 


7 7 
7 4 
7 1 


11 37 

11 28 
11 21 


16 6 
15 52 
15 40 


1 44 
1 12 

39 


7 42 
7 7 
6 32 


13 39 

13 3 
12 26 


6 46 
6 12 
5 39 


11 27 

1(1 52 
10 18 


16 7 
15 32 

14 57 



MEAN PLACES OF STARS. [1897 


MEAN PLACES OF 142 STABS FOB JANUABY, d 62. 


Name of Star. 


s* 
&lt;s 

s 


Right 
Ascensi ii 


Ann a 
Variat. 


Declina tn 


An l 
Var. 


Name of Star. 


si 

c3 

55 


Right 
Ascensi ii 


Ann a] 
Variat 


Declinat E 


An l 
Var. 


a AndromedoB... . 
y Pegasi Alyenib. 
i Ceti 


2-1 
2-8 
3-6 
6 
2-3 
2 
4 
2-2 
3-6 
2 
37 
4 
3-6 
2-8 
2 
2 
3-4 
5-5 
4-5 
2 
4-3 
3 
5-4 
4 
1 
3 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3-2 
1 
2 
3-4 
3 
2-3 
1 
5 
2-1 
4-5 
2 
3-4 

r; 

2-1 
1 
1-2 
5 
4-3 
6 
3 
4 
2 
3 
3 
1-2 
2 
4 
4 
5 
5 
2 

5 
2-3 
5 
3-4 
5-4 
2 
2-3 
3; 

H 


h m s 
3 3-7 

7 55 * 
14 10-fi 
24 46-fl 
34 39-7 
3825-2 
57 35-S 
1 3 57-8 
18 52-5 
21 19-0 
25 58-2 
39 57"2 
46 22-6 
48 56-9 
5734-5 
2 1 22-0 
37 57-8 
45 48-3 
3 544-1 
16 58-1 
19 16-1 
4121-6 
58 36-3 
4 13 55-9 
30 0-6 
5017-1 
5 9 4-8 
935-2 
19 46-8 
2644-6 
30 59-2 
42 52-3 
49 35-7 
51 58 4 
6 8 39-7 
16 43-8 
31 45.7 
40 36 6 
5213-9 
54 34-7 
59 00-4 
7 412-2 
13 58-3 
21 34-0 
28 1-8 
33546 
39 0-8 
57 11-6 
8 10 55-8 
26 45"2 
52 9 4 
52 44-7 
9 22 31 6 
25 58-1 
40 0-3 
10 2 53.2 
14 177 
21 6-6 
27 23-3 
43 50-7 
55 8 2 
57 22-4 
59 42-3 
11 837-9 
22 38-4 
25 17-3 
31 40.5 
43 48-4 
48 24-9 
12 449.6 
14 38.2 


I 
+ 3-09 
3-08 
3-05 
3-06 
3-38 
3-01 
3-11 
3-35 
3-00 
24-45 
3-20 
3-16 
2-96 
3-30 
3-66 
337 
3-10 
3-30 
3-42 
4-26 
3-22 
3-56 
3-54 
3-41 
3-44 
3-90 
4-43 
2-88 
3-79 
3-06 
304 
2-84 
3-25 
4-40 
. 3-62 
3-63 
3-47 
2-64 
2974 
2-36 
2-71 
2-44 
3-59 
3-26 
3-84 
3-14 
3-68 
3-69 
3-26 
3-48 
4-13 
3-29 
2-95 
4-04 
3-41 
3-20 
3-31 
2-90 
3-16 
3-16 
3-10 
374 
3-10 
3-20 
3-09 
3-62 
3-07 
3-06 
3-18 
3.08- 
3.07;- 


/ // 

28 31 18-3 
14 36 39-3 
- 9 23 42-8 
- 4 31 34-9 
55 58 20-5 
-1833 7-5 
7 20 8-0 
35 4 27-8 
- 8 42 53-5 
88 45 30-3 
14 48 53-4 
8 38 20-7 
-10 50 42-2 
20 18 16-1 
4150 7-4 
22 58 31-1 
2 48 5-8 
14 39 26-9 
19 19 46-1 
49 29 29-8 
8 39 58-5 
23 47 11-2 
21 48 0-4 
15 22 43-7 
16 18 7-5 
33 10-3 
45 53 34-7 
- 81914-8 
8 31 12-9 
-022 31-9 
- 1 16 4-2 
-942 22-8 
723 157 
44 56 12-0 
22 32 11-4 
22 33 58-3 
16 29 13-3 
-16 34 29-8 
87 12 34-1 
-28 49 55-7 
-15 28 52-5 
-26 13 46-7 
22 10 18-5 
8 29 48-0 
32 6 52-1 
5 29 19-7 
28 16 29-4 
28 4 59-5 
930 10-0 
20 47 27-3 
48 26 45-3 
12 15 23-9 
- 81244-0 
52 8 47-7 
24 14 54-2 
12 28 14-0 
20 21 45-1 
-16 18 39-2 
9 50 11-5 
11 5 24-6 
4 10 13-5 
62 18 25-4 
7 53 34-0 
21 5 16-6 
3 25 24-3 
69 53 58-2 
- 15 18 6 
15 S 52-0 
54 16 2-3 - 
-22 2 48.9 - 
- 5 40.2 - 


n 

19-9 
20-0 
20-0 
19-9 
19-8 
19-5 
19-4 
19-2 
18-7 
18-8 
18-7 
18-2 
17-8 
17-7 
17-4 
17-2 
15-3 
15.0 
13-8 
13-1 
12-9 
11-4 

10-1 

8-9 
7-5 
6-0 
4-0 
4-4 
3-4 
2-9 
2-5 
1-5 
0-9 
0-7 
- 0-7 
- 1-6 
- 2-8 
- 4-7 
- 4-6 
- 4-7 
- 5-1 
- 5-5 
- 6-3 
- 7-0 
- 7-6 
- 9-0 
- 8 4 
- 9-8 
-10-9 
-12-0 
-13-9 
-13-7 
-15-5 
-16-2 
-16-4 
-17-5 
-18-1 
-18-3 
-18-4 
-19-0 
-19-3 
-19-4 
-19-4 
-19.7 
-19.8 
-19.8 
-19.9 
-20.1 
-20.0 
-20.0 
-20.0 


B Corvi 


2-3 
3-2 
3 
3 
!-2 
4-5 
1 
2 
3 
3-4 
1 
4-3 
2-3 
2-3 
2 
3 
2 
2 
2-3 
3-4 
4-5 
2 
3 
3 
1-2 
3-2 
4-5 
2-3 
3-4 
3-2 
2-3 
2 
3 
3-4 
2-3 
4-5 
4 
3 
3 
1 
4 
4 
3 
3-4 
3 
1-2 
4 
3-4 
4 
2-1 
4-3 
5-6 

J 
3 
3-2 
3 
3 
2-3 
3 
3 
1-5 
-3 
-3 
-4 
4 
.-2 
2 

-5&gt;. 
1-4 
-5 


h m 8 
12 28 58-E 
36 26-5 
50 24-1 
51 12-7 
57 3-C 
13 437-C 
19 45-8 
43 29-0 
49 46 -S 
14 1 36-1 
10 57 -fe 
27 23-5 
40 29-4 
4510-7 
51 0-2 
58 4-0 
15 11 27-8 
30 19-6 
3911-6 
45 40-9 
47 44-2 
59 26-8 
16 8 56-8 
17 22-4 
23 5-5 
3725-5 
56 31-4 
17 428-2 
957-0 
28 6-3 
29 56-3 
30 9-2 
38 29-2 
42 25-6 
54 12-9 
18 531-3 
7 36-2 
15 58-8 
21 36-8 
33 27-1 
46 16-6 
54 56-7 
19 40-6 
20 18-3 
41 21-8 
45 45-5 
50 15-2 
20 12 20-4 
28 17 -6 
37 55-2 
42 5-9 
50 10-2 
21 8-9 
21 2 16-7 
. 833-1 
16 7-3 
26 8-2 
27 19-8 
39 7-6 
4] 21-3 
22 29 6 
11 23-9 
16 20-1 
30 3-8 
36 19-5 
47 14-5 
51 57-6 
59 37-8 
!3 34 39-1 
35 6-9 
43 33-7 


s 
3-14 
3-04 
3-02 
2-81 
2-99 
3-10 
3-15 
2-37 
2-86 
1-62 
2-73 
2-59 
2-62 
+ 3-31 
0-23 
+ 2-26 
3 22 
2-54 
2-95 
+ 2-99 
2-25 
+ 3-48 
3-14 
2-64 
3-67 
+ 2-26 
6-31 
+ 3-43 
2-73 
1-35 
4-30 
2-78 
2-96 
2-34 
+ 1-39 
19-48 
+ 3-59 
3-10 
3-70 
2-03" 
2-21 
2-72 
2-76 
3-02 
2-85 
2-93 
2-95 
3-33 
2-87 
2-04 
3-25 
2-55 
3-37 
2-68 
2-55 
1-44 
3-16 
0-79 
2-95 
3-32 
3-08 
3-17 
3-10- 
3-08- 
2-99 
3-13- 
3-32 - 
2-98 
3-08 
2-42 
3-13- 


/ // 

-22 49 38 -C 
- 53 o5-] 
3 55 24-7 
38 52 28-4 
1] 30 45-7 
- 4 59 21-1 
-10 37 25 6 
49 49 37-9 
18 54 50-5 
64 52 4 7 
1943 7-0 
30 49 24-3 
27 30 30-1 
-15 36 49-6 
743435-0 
40 47 48-1 
- 9 10-5 
27 3 40-6 
6 4 58-5 
4 47 16-2 
78 6 40 7 
-19 31 24 8 
- 3 25 44-6 
19 25 2-2 
-26 12 12-2 
31 47 12-2 
82 12 23-9 
-15 35 50 6 
14 3(1 27-8 
52 22 38 9 
42 55 38-9 
12 38 6-0 
4 36 36 6 
27 46 50-8 
51 30 3 2 
86 36 46-2 
-21 5 8 5 
- 2 55 30-7 
-25 28 43 7 
3841 15-6 
33 14 34 -fi 
14 55 I2 3 
13 42 37"2 
2 54 33 9 
10 21 44-0 
8 35 46-4 
6 857-9 
-12 51 50-6 
1057 11-8 
44 54 43-7 
- 9 52 32-4 
27 39 56-6 
-17 39 50-4 
38 14 33-9 
29 48 15-5 
62 8 56-7 
-61 277 
70 6 30-4 
9 24 9 8 
-16 35 30-9 
- 49 13-0 
- 8 17 46-3 
- 1 54 23-0 
- 38 54-2 
10 17 37-2 
- 8 7 39-5 
-30 10 5-3 
14 39 3-6 
5 4 48 
77 326-5 
-28 41 58-9 


n 

-20-0 
-19-8 
-19-6 
-19-5 
-19-4 
-19-3 
-18-9 
-18-1 
-18-1 
-17-3 
-18-8 
-15-9 
-15-3 
-15-1 
-14-7 
-14-3 
-13-5 
-12-3 
-11-5 
-11-0 
-10-9 

-10-1 

- 9-5 
- 8-6 
- 8-3 
- 6-7 
- 5-5 
- 4-7 
- 4-3 
- 2-8 
- 2-6 
- 2-8 
- 1-7 
- 2-3 
- 0-5 
+ 0-6 
0-7 
0-7 
1-7 
3-2 
4-0 
4-7 
5-1 
7-0 
8-6 
9-3 
8-8 
10-9 
12-1 
12-7 
13-0 
13-5 
14-1 
17-5 
14-6 
15-2 
15-7 
15-8 
16-4 
16-2 
17-4 
17-8 
18-0 
18-5 
18-7 
19-1 
19-0 
19-3 
19-5 
20 1 
19-9 


y Virginis 




12 Ceti 


a CanumVenatic r 


a Cassiopeioe 


8 Ceti 




e Piscium 


a Virginia (Spiea) 
T) Ursse Majoris. . . 


Andromedoe 
9 Ceti 


a UrsseMin.Poia .s 
T) Piscium ... 


a Draconis . . 


a Boo tis(.4/-rf ur n) 


o Piscium 


Ceti 




/3 Arietis 


a? Librse 


y Andromedoe .... 
a Arietis 


B Ursse Minoris. . . 
B Bootis 


7 Ceti 


B Librse 


&lt;r Arietis 




S Arietis 




a Persei 




o Tauri 


Ursae Minoris. . 


TI Tauri 


A Tauri 




y Tauri 




a. Ta,\iriAldebaran 
i Aurigae 


a Scorpii Antares 


a Aurigse Capella. 
/3 Orionis Riijel. . . 
3 Tauri 


e Ursae Minoris. . 
T) Ophinchi. 




S Orionis 




e Orionis 




K Orionis 




a Orionis 




(3 Aurigae 




T) Geminorum .... 
fi Geminorum. . . . 
y Geminorum .... 
a CanisMaj.Si rtMs 
51 Cephei Hev .... 
.e Canis Majoris . . 
y Canis Majoris . . 
S Canis Majoris . 
S Geminorum . . . 
Canis Minoris . . 
a 2 Geminor Castor 
a. CanisMin. Pocy n 
B Geminor Pollux 
6 Cancri 


y Draconis . 


S Ursse Minoris. . . 
/x^ Sa^itbarii 


T) Serpentis. 


A Sagittarii . 


ct Lyra Vega. 


B 1 Lyrae 


e Aquilae 


&lt;J Aquilae 


S Aquilae 


y Aquilse 


a Aquilae A Itair . . 
B Aquilie 




B Cancri 




TJ Cancri 
t Ursfe Majoris. . . 
a Cancri 
* Hydrse 


a Cygni 


6 Aquari . 


32 Vulpeculae. 




9 Ursa} Majoris. . . 
e Leonis 


61 Cygni . . . 


Cvtrni.. 


a Leonis Regulus. 
y Leonis 


a Cephei 


B Aquari 


H Hydrse 


B" Cephei 


p Leonis 




t Leonis 




a Leonis 




a Ursae Majoris . . 
X Leonis.. 


6 Aquarii 




S Leonis 




T Leonis 




A Draconis 




v Leonis.. 


a. PisA.\isFoma/li t 
a. Pegasi Markab. 
i Piscium .... 4 


B Leonis . 


y Urase Majoris. . . 
c Corvi 




rj Virginus 


S Sculptoris . 





The Dominion Of Canada has an area of about 3,315,647 square miles, or, including its water surface, 
3,456,383 square miles, is about 3,500 miles from east to west and 1,400 miles from north to south, and consists of 
the provinces of Ontario and Quebec (formerly Upper and Lower Canada), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, 
British Columbia, Prince Edward Island and the North-west Territories (which latter contain the vast territory 
formerly tinder the control of the Hudson s Bay Company). It therefore comprises the whole of the northern 
half of North America, with the exception of the United States Territory of Alaska on the west, and Labrador, 
which is under the control of the Government of Newfoundland, on the east. It is bounded on the north by the 
Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Territory of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the United States, 
and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. 



1897] SEMI-DIAMETER OF SUN AND MOON MUNICIPAL STATISTICS. 



33 



SEMI-DIAMETER OF THE SUN AND MOON. POLAR DISTANCE AND GREATEST ELONGATION OF a UR.S 
MINORIS ON THE 1st, 11th AND 21st OF EACH MONTH, 1897. 







Semi-Diameter. 


Pole Star. 






Semi-Diameter. 


Pole Star. 


Month. 


;? 








Greatest 


Month. 


c? 








Greatest 




o 


Sun. 


Moon. 


Polar 


Elongation 




Q 


Sun. 


Moon. 


Polar 


Elongation 










Distance. 


Lat. 45. 










Distance 


Lat. 45. 






/ ,/ 


i rr 





, 






/ II 


&lt; 


o ; 





January. 


i 


16 18 


16 15 


1 14 3 


1 44 44 |j Julv. 


1 


15 45 


15 12 


1 14 33 


1 45 27 




11 


16 17 


14 48 


1 14 2 


1 44 43 




11 


15 46 


1C 27 


1 14 33 


1 45 2(i 




21 


16 17 


16 


1 14 2 


1 44 43 




21 


15 46 


14 52 


1 14 32 


1 45 24 


Feb. 


1 


16 15 


15 36 


1 14 2 


1 44 43 


Aug. 


1 


15 47 


15 48 


1 14 30 


1 45 -2-2 




11 


16 13 


15 1 


1 14 4 


1 44 45 




11 


15 49 


15 58 


1 14 28 


1 45 19 




21 


16 11 


16 18 


1 14 5 


1 44 47 




21 


15 51 


14 51 


1 14 25 


1 45 16 


March. 


1 


16 10 


15 23 


1 14 7 


1 44 50 


Sept. 


1 


15 53 


16 13 


1 14 22 


1 45 11 




11 


16 10 


15 


1 14 10 


1 44 54 




11 


15 55 


15 17 


1 14 19 


1 45 6 




21 


16 4 


16 3-2 


1 14 13 


1 44 57 




21 


15 58 


15 16 


1 14 15 


1 45 1 


April. 


1 


16 1 


14 53 


1 14 16 


1 45 2 


Oct. 


1 


16 1 


16 15 


1 14 12 


1 44 57 




11 


15 58 


15 34 


1 14 19 


1 45 (i 




11 


16 4 


14 55 


1 14 8 


1 44 51 




21 


15 56 


16 11 


1 14 22 


1 45 10 




21 


16 6 


15 43 


1 14 4 


1 44 45 


May. 


1 


15 53 


14 43 


1 14 25 


1 45 15 


Nov. 


1 


16 9 


15 47 


1 14 


1 44 40 




11 


15 51 


16 1 


1 14 28 


1 45 19 




11 


16 11 


14 44 


1 13 36 


1 44 34 




21 


15 49 


15 45 


1 14 30 


1 45 -1-1 




21 


16 13 


16 25 


1 13 53 


1 44 30 


June. 


1 


15 47 


14 51 


1 14 32 


1 45 24 


Dec. 


1 


16 15 


15 23 


1 13 50 


1 44 25 




11 


15 46 


16 31 


1 14 33 


1 45 26 




11 


16 16 


14 51 


1 13 47 


1 44 21 




21 


15 46 


15 1 


1 14 33 


1 45 9ti 




21 


16 17 


15 39 


1 13 45 


1 44 18 



RAILWAY STATISTICS OF CANADA, 1875-95. 



YEAR ENDED 30rn 
JUNE. 


MILES 

IX 

OPERA 
TION. 


TRAIN 
MILEAGE. 


Xl MBKR OK TONS OK 

I ASSKNOERS. FREIGHT. 


EARXIXGS. 


WORKING 

EXPENSES. 


PROPOR 
TION OF 
EXPEN S 
TO RE 
CEIPTS. 


1875 


4.856A 


17 680,168 


5 190 416 5 670 836 


SI 9 470 539 


15 775 532 


81" 


1876 


5,1571 


18,103,628 


5,544 814 6 331 757 


19 358 085 


15 80 721 


82 


1877 


5,574} 


19,450,813 


6,073,233 6 859 796 


18 74 053 


15 290 091 


82 


1878 
1879 


6,143* 

6,484A 


19,669,447 
20,731,689 


6,443,924 7,883,472 
6,523,816 8 348 810 


20,520,078 
19 925 066 


16,100,102 
16 188 102 


78- 
81- 


1880 


6.891J 


22,427,449 


6,462,948 9 938 858 


23 561 447 


16 840 705 


71 


1881 


7,260 


27,301,306 


6,943 671 12,065 323 


27 987 509 


20 121 418 


79- 


1882 


7,530 


27,846,411 


9,352,335 13,575,787 


29 027 790 


22 390 709 


77- 


1883 


8 726 


30 072 910 


9 579 948 13 266 255 


33 ?44 585 


94 691 6Q7 


74 


1884 


9,575 


29,758,676 


9,982,358 13,712,269 


33 421,705 


25 595 341 


77- 


1885 .... 


10,150 


30,623 689 


9 672 599 14 659 271 


32 227 469 


94 015 351 


75" 


1886 


10,697 


30,481,088 


9 861 024 15 670 460 


33 389 382 


4 177 582 


72 


1887 


11,691 


33,638,748 


10 698 638 16,356,335 


38 84 9 010 


27 6 9 4 683 


TI 


1888 


12,163 


37,391,206 


11,416 791 17,173,759 


42 159 153 


30 652 048 


TS" 


1889 


12 628 


38 819 380 


12 151 051 17 9 9 8 6 9 6 


42 149 615 


31 038 045 


74- 


1890 


13 256 


41,849 329 


12 821 262 20 787 469 


46 843 826 


32 913 350 


W- 


1891 


14 009 


43 399 178 


13 22 568 21 753 021 


48 192 099 


34 960 449 


73- 


1892 


14 588 


44 448 468 


13 533 414 22 189 923 


51 685 768 


36 488 228 


70 


1893 


15 020 


44,385 953 


13 618 027 22,003,599 


52 042 397 


36 616 033 


70 


1894 


15,6 7 


43,770,029 


14 462 498 i 20,721,116 


49 55 9 528 


35 218 433 


71" 


1895 


15,977 


40,661.890 


13,987.580 21,524,121 


46,785,487 


32,749,669 


70 



During the period covered by the table the train mileage increased 130 per cent.; the number of passengers 
carried 169 per cent., and the tons of freight transported 280 per cent. The earnings increased in the same 
period 140 per cent., and the working expenses, instead of keeping pace with the earnings, increased only 107 pet- 
cent. The last column in the table shows the proportion of expenses to receipts year by year. Taking 1895, there 

previous year. The 
. ts was 70 per cent., 
being 1 per cent, lower than in 1894. 

MUNICIPAL STATISTICS, ONTARIO. 




Year. 


Population. 


Total 
Assessment. 


Taxes Imposed for all 
Purposes. 


Bonded Debt. 


Floating 
Debt. 


Interest 
Paid on 
Loans and 
Debentures. 


Total. 


Rate 
per 
Head. 


Mills 
on the 
Dollar 


Total. 


Kate 
per 
Head. 


1893 ... . 


1,910,059 
1,909,527 
1,922,121 
1,917,544 

1 .906,901 
1,880,145 
1,848,457 
1,328,495 


.-825,530,052 
825,211,127 
818,847,394 
798,616,271 
761,905,816 
748,654,570 
717,311, 938 
694,380,659 


112,522,660 

11,803.570 
11,767,748 
10,897,485 
10,248,198 
0,019,962 
9,300,113 
9,009,385 


36 56 
6 18 
6 12 
5 68 
5 37 
5 28 
5 03 
4 93 


15.17 
14.30 
14.37 
13.65 
13.45 
13.25 
12.97 
12.97 


*48,083,243 
47,166,962 
43,888,853 
40,720,985 
38,988,332 
34,729,527 
81,943,320 
29,924,863 


J28 17 
24 70 
22 S3 
21 24 
20 44 
18 47 
17 28 
16 37 


$6,796,422 
6,469,899 
7,629,730 
8,387,186 
6,493,519 
6,437,363 
5,645,208 
4,841,717 


$2,508,691 
2,482,156 
2,498,294 
2,240,692 
2,057,938 
1,999,760 
1,820,590 
1.715,620 


1892 


1891 


1890 


1889 


1888 . . . 


1887 


1886 



The population and assessed values remain almost the same as compared with 
creased at the rate of 38 cents per head of population over 1892, or an advance of 
The debenture debt shows an increase of 7,362,268 in the past three years. Over 
this item since 1886. The interest charges are equivalent to one-fifth of the taxes 



1892, but the tax bills have in- 
S1.63 or 33 per cent, since 1886. 
60 per cent, has been added to 
imposed. 



34 



TIDE TABLES FOR HALIFAX AND QUEBEC. 



[1897 



TIDE TABLES FOR HALIFAX AND QUEBEC, 1897. 



These Tide Tables, with Tidal Differences for other places, are supplied by the Tidal Survey Branch of the- 
Department of Marine and Fisheries of the Dominion of Canada. They are based upon direct observation of the 
tides obtained by means of self-registering tide-gauges which are kept in continuous operation day and night 
throughout the year. The records are reduced by the latest methods of analysis ; and the computation ol 
tables is made by Mr. E. Roberts, F.R.A.S., of the Nautical Almanac Office, London. 

The THML DIFFERENCES, when applied to the Tide Tables, give the time of high and low water at other place- 
in Standard Time. The differences applicable to the Halifax Tables are derived from the Establishments given ii 
the Admiralty list. They will therefore be correct at full and change of the moon, and approximate only at other 
times of the month. The differences for places above Quebec are derived from simultaneous observations at 
seven points during two complete months, taken by Mr. R. Steckel of the Department of Public Works, 
differences are correct while the water in the River St. Lawrence is at its ordinary level; but the times of t, 
which they give may be slightly early or late respectively, at the seasons when the water is unusually high o 
low The differences below Quebee are based upon direct simultaneous observations from the tide-gauges a 
Quebec Father Point, and Anticosti, taken throughout the course of the year 1895; and compared with the 
differences of Establishment for intermediate points as given in the Admiralty list. These observations show tl 
time of the tide as given by these differences, and will be correct throughout the course of the month. 

(Signed) DAwgoN) WM p AKOTMOH) 

Engineer in Chanje. Chief Engine*. 



HALIFAX TIDE TABLES. QUEBEC TIDE TABLES. 

TIDAL DIFFERENCES/OF the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia ,, TIDAL DlFrEBENCES for the St. I awrence. 

These differences when applied to the Halifax Tide j Thege differences when al) p lied to the Quebec 
Tables, give the time of High and Low Water at the places Tables, give the time of High and Low Water at the ] 



Tide 



named in Intercolonial Standard Time for the 60th m 
which is four hours slower than Greenwich Mean Time. 


laineci, in eastern scanuaru J.IIIK: 
except where otherwise indicated. 


LOCALITY. 


Correction 
to Halifax 

Tables. 


RANGE. 


LOCALITIES. 


Difference to be added 
to Quebec Tables. 


Mean 
Range of 
Tide. 


H. Water. 


L. Water. 


Springs. 


Neaps. 


fAbin-f Quebec. J 


H. M. 

4 45 
4 12 
3 41 
2 44 

2 20 
2 06 
1 41 
35 
00 


H. M. 

6 15 
5 33 
4 51 
3 50 
3 19 
2 51 
2 11 
35 
00 


Feet.. 

ro 
2-0 
2-5 

4 8 
6 9 
7 5 
12 2 
14 2 
14-8 


H. M. 
Cape Sable, Clarke Ha r Add 1 17 
Shelburne " 22 


Feet. 
11 
7 
8 
7 
7J 
7 
6 
4 
4 
61 
6i 
61 
6i 
6^ 
6b 
5 
6 
5 
5 


Feet. 
9 
B| 

5 
6 
6^ 
6 
5 

5 
44 
4i 

Si 

41 
4i 
4 
4 
4 
4 
I 


Three Rivers 










06 

" 08 






Point Platon 


Mahone Bay Sulit. 01 


St. Nicholas 
QUEBEC 


St. Margaret Bay 
HALIFAX HARBOUR.. 
Sable Island, N. Side.. 
Sable Island, S. Side.. 
Jeddore Harbour 


". 00 
" 00 
Subt. 33 
1 33 
06 
Add 13 
" 05 
Subt. 16 
Add 02 
23 
" 11 
Subt. 30 
03 
Add 13 


(Btlmo Quebec.) 


3iffer ce to 
je subtra&lt;- d 
for HW&LW 


RANOE OF TIDE. 


Springs. 


Neaps. 


H. M. 

1 31 
1 42 
3 07 
3 46 
4 05 
4 04 
4 16 
4 21 
4 25 
3 36 
4 26 


Feet. 
19 

18 

171 
16} 

16 
17 
14 
14 
13r, 
5" 
6 


Feet. 
13 
13 
13 
10* 
9| 
10 
8} 

f 
3 
4 




L Islet 


Liscombe Harbour 




Riviere du Loup 
Green Island 
Tadousac 






iBic Island 




Father Point 


St Peter s Bay 


* Gaspc Basin 
S.\^. Point, Anticosti 


Louisburg Harbour 


* In Standard Time for the 60th meridian. 





NOTE -A comprehensive survey of the tides and currents of the Gulf ami Atlantic coast of the Dominion 
is now bein. prosecuted by the Department of Marine and Fisheries. Tide gauges are in operation at seven mam 
stations : Quebec, Father Point, South-west Point of Anticosti, Forteau Bay, St. Paul Island, Ha .tax. and St. 
John, N.B , and when sufficient records have been obtained ami reduced, these mam stations will be used as 
bases of comparison for other places in their respective neighbourhoods. 

The permanent ami tidal sets of currents in various parts of the Gulf are being accurately measured by 
Mr Dawson engineer in charge of the survey. The results hitherto obtained have been published, and cop.es of 
these publications may be had, on application, from the Department of Marine and Fisher.es, Ottawa. 



1897] 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX. 



35 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX, 1897. 



JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


S 

- 

G 


& 
Q 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


CD 






&gt;. 

1 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. |H t. 


i Time. 


H t. 

F t. 
2 3 
21 
2 
2 
21 
2 2 
2 3 
2 5 
2 6 
2 6 
2 5 
2 3 
2 

2-4 
2 
17 
1 4 
1-2 
1 2 
1-3 
1 4 
1-6 
1 9 
2 
2 
1 9 


Time. 


H t. 

F t. 
1-4 
1 4 
1-5 
17 
1 9 
21 
2 4 
27 
2 9 
3-0 
31 
3 
2 8 
17 
1-4 
11 

i-o 

9 
I O 
1 3 
1 6 
2 
2 4 
2 6 
2 8 
2 8 
2 6 
1 8 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
n 

!L 

i:: 
11 
15 
16 

17 
18 

I .. 

I M 
L l 

L L 

33 

L 4 

2G 
36 

L 7 
38 
39 
30 
99 


F. 

Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tn. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 


H. M. 

5 58 
6 52 
7 43 
8 31 
9 17 
10 02 
10 46 
11 29 

I 

6 40 
1 23 
2 10 
3 01 
3 55 
4 52 
5 50 
6 44 
7 34 
8 20 
9 05 
9 51 
10 38 
11 26 

6 44 
1 37 
2 33 
3 33 
4 38 
5 42 
6 38 


F t. 
6 8 

;- 

&gt;:&gt; 
6 9 
6-8 
6 7 
6 4 
61 

6 6 
5-9 

5 8 
5 8 
5 8 
5 9 
61 
6 3 
6 5 
67 
6 8 
6 7 
6 6 
6 4 

6 5 
6 3 
6 2 
61 
61 
6 2 
6 3 


H. M. 

18 48 
19 39 
20 26 
21 11 
21 55 
22 38 
23 19 
23 59 
12 13 
12 58 
13 45 
.4 37 
15 48 
16 53 
17 52 
18 45 
19 32 
20 16 
20 59 
21 42 
22 26 
23 10 
23 55 
12 17 
13 14 
14 17 
15 24 
16 33 
17 40 
18 38 
19 27 


Ft. 

&gt;: L 

i,:; 

6 1 
6 5 
6 5 
6 4 
6-3 
6 2 
5 8 
5 5 
5 3 
51 
5 ! 
51 
5 3 
5 5 
5 8 
61 
6 3 
6 5 
6 7 
67 
6 6 
61 
5 8 
5 6 
5 3 
5 4 
5 5 
5 8 
6-0 


H. M. 

i 

40 
1 34 
2 27 
3 19 
4 10 
5 00 
5 49 
6 39 
7 30 
8 22 
9 13 
10 04 
10 56 
11 46 

6 34 
1 26 
2 14 
3 00 
3 47 
4 36 
5 28 
6 24 
7 24 
8 25 
9 27 
10 30 
11 31 

6 43 


F t. 

2 4 
2 3 
2 3 
2 3 
2 3 
2 3 
2 4 
2 6 
27 
2 8 
27 
2 6 
2 4 
2 2 

2-8 
2 6 
2 4 
2 2 
2 
1 9 
1 9 
1 9 
1"9 
1 9 
1 9 
1 8 
17 

2-4 


H. M. 

12 36 
13 29 
14 19 
15 07 
15 54 
16 39 
17 23 
18 08 
18 52 
19 36 
20 21 
21 07 
21 56 
22 47 
23 40 
12 34 
13 20 
14 04 
14 46 
15 27 
16 10 
16 56 
17 44 
18 36 
19 33 
20 33 
21 36 
22 40 
23 44 
12 29 
13 22 


F t. 
1 4 
1-3 
1-3 
1-3 

1-3 
1-5 

17 
2-0 
2 3 
2 6 
2 8 
2 9 
3 
3 
2 9 
1 9 
17 
1-4 
1 3 
1-3 
1 3 
1 4 
1 6 
1 9 
2 2 
2 4 
2 6 
27 
2 6 
1 5 
1 4 


i 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

to 

ii 
12 

i. 

i! 

15 

16 

17 
is 
19 

L 
L l 

L L 

L :; 

24 
35 

L"; 

L 7 
38 


M. 

Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
11 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 

Sa. 

Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 

Th. 
F. 

Sa. 
Su. 


H. M. 

7 31 
8 19 
9 04 
9 47 
10 28 
11 07 
11 45 
02 
41 
1 25 
2 24 
3 34 
4 43 
5 38 
6 29 
7 18 
8 Co 
8 51 
9 36 
10 22 
11 09 
11 58 
15 
1 10 
2 14 
3 24 
4 36 
5 43 


F t. 
6 4 
6 5 
6 5 
6 4 
61 
5 9 
5 6 
5 9 
5 8 
5 6 
5-5 
5-5 
57 
6-0 
6 3 
6 6 
6 9 
7 
7 
6 8 
6 6 
6 2 
6 5 
6 2 
5 9 
57 
57 
5 8 


H. M. 

20 10 
20 51 
21 31 
22 10 
22 48 
23 25 

12 26 
13 13 
14 08 
15 21 
16 40 
17 42 
18 29 
19 14 
19 57 
20 38 
21 19 
22 01 
22 44 
23 28 

12 51 
14 01 
15 16 
16 30 
17 38 
18 31 


F t. 
6-2 

6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 2 
6 

5 4 
51 

4 9 
4 9 
5-0 
5 3 
57 
6 2 
6 5 
6 8 
7 
71 
7 
6 8 

5 8 
5 4 
5 2 
5 2 
5 5 
57 


H. M. 

1 36 
2 24 
3 09 
3 51 
4 31 
5 08 
5 44 
6 23 
7 14 
8 18 
9 28 
10 32 
11 28 

6 26 
1 13 
1 59 
2 44 
3 28 
4 13 
5 00 
5 51 
6 51 
8 03 
9 14 
10 24 
11 26 

1 


H. M. 

14 10 
14 53 
15 32 
16 07 
16 39 
17 10 
17 44 
18 22 
19 09 
20 16 
21 33 
22 42 
23 36 
12 16 
13 00 
13 42 
14 23 
15 03 
15 44 
16 26 
17 11 
18 02 
19 03 
20 16 
21 32 
22 42 
23 47 
12 22 









^fKLL,. 


s 

- 

- 
1 

X 

1 



4 

C 

I 

6 
7 
- 
9 
Id 
!! 
12 
13 
11 
L6 
16 
17 
LS 
19 
20 

L l 
L L 

L :: 

L ! 

25 

36 

L 7 
28 
29 
30 

:;! 


nj 

3 

a 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


-. 

r 
- 

1 
1 

i 
6 

7 
fi 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
It 
15 
16 
17 
Lt 
L9 

L U 
L l 

L L 

L :; 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


&gt;, 

.-3 
fi 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon 


Afternoon. 


Time. 


H t 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time 


H t 


Time 


H t. 


Time 


H t 

Ft 
2 
1 9 
1-9 
1 9 
2 
21 
2 2 
2 3 
2 4 
2 4 
2 3 
2 2 
1 9 
17 
1 6 
l - 2 
9 
07 
8 

ro 

1 3 
1 6 
1 9 
2 2 
2 3 
2 4 
2 4 
2-5 
3 
2 2 


Time 


H t 


M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. I 


H. M. 

6 38 
7 26 
8 10 
8 51 
9 27 
"10 02 
10 36 
11 12 
11 50 

6 36 
1 34 
2 48 
4 02 
5 08 
6 08 
7 03 
7 53 
8 39 
9 23 
10 06 
10 51 
11 40 

6 50 
1 52 
3 06 
4 30 
5 40 
6 31 
7 16 


F t. 
6 
6 2 
6 3 
6 3 
6 2 
6 
5 8 
5 6 
5 4 

57 
5 6 
5 5 
57 
6 
6 4 
67 
7-0 
71 
71 
7 
67 
6 3 

6 2 
5 8 
5 6 
5 5 
5 6 
5-8 
6t) 


H. M. 

19 16 
19 55 
20 32 
21 08 
21 42 
22 15 
22 48 
23 22 
23 57 
12 33 
13 28 
14 40 
16 02 
17 04 
17 57 
18 46 
19 32 
20 15 
20 57 
21 40 
22 23 
23 08 
23 56 
12 36 
13 43 
14 56 
16 21 
17 32 
18 18 
18 58 
19 32 


F t. 
6-0 
6 2 
6 3 
6 4 
6 3 
6-2 
61 
(5-0 
;V!l 
5 2 
5 
5-0 
5 2 
5 5 
6 
6 5 
i;-,i 
7 3 
7 4 
7 4 

r-3 

7-0 
tVt; 
5-9 
5-6 
5 4 
5 4 
5 6 
5 :&gt; 
61 
6 3 


H. M. 

43 
1 30 
2 12 
2 50 
3 24 
3 54 
4 23 
4 56 
:, 36 
6 23 
7 19 
8 32 
9 44 
10 43 
11 35 

50 
1 37 
2 21 
3 05 
3 50 
4 38 
5 32 
6 35 
7 46 
8 59 
10 06 
11 09 

6 30 
1 15 


F t. 
2 4 
21 
2 
1 9 
1-9 
1 9 
2-0 
21 
2 3 
2 4 
2 5 
2 5 
2 4 
21 
17 1 
2 2 
17 
1 3 
I O 
8 i 
0"8 I 
I O ! 
1-3 1 
1 6 
1-9 
21 
2 2 i 
21 

2-3 
2J 


H. M. 

13 11 
13 54 
14 32 
15 04 
15 33 
16 01 
16 30 
17 01 
17 34 
18 11 
19 18 
20 40 
22 00 
23 06 

12 24 
13 10 
13 54 
14 37 
15 19 
16 00 
16 43 
17 39 
18 51 
20 15 
21 31 
22 40 
23 39 
12 04 
12 51 
!.;. ; 


F t. 
17 
1-6 
1-6 
17 
1 9 
21 
2 3 
2 5 
2 8 
3 
3 2 
3 2 
3 
27 

i 4 
1 2 
11 
I O 
1 2 
1-4 
1 8 
2 2 
2 6 
2 9 
2 9 
2-8 
3 6 
2 1 
2-0 
L -() 


Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 


H. M 

7 54 
8 29 
9 02 
9 35 
10 09 
10 44 
11 23 

6 "4 

1 3 

2 13 
3 29 
4 41 
5 43 
6 37 
7 27 
8 15 
9 1 
9 47 
10 36 
11 28 

6 28 
1 31 
2 44 
4 09 
5 16 
6 6 
6 51 
7 31 


F t 
61 
61 
61 
6-0 
5 9 
57 
5 6 

5 9 
5 8 
57 
5 8 
61 
6 4 
67 
7 
71 
71 
7 
6 8 
6 5 

6 3 
V9 
5 6 
5 5 
5 6 
57 
5 8 
5 9 


H. M 

20 05 
20 37 
21 09 
21 40 
22 12 
22 45 
23 21 
12 10 
13 08 
14 14 
15 21 
16 23 
17 20 
18 09 
18 55 
19 40 
20 24 
21 10 
21 57 
22 45 
23 35 
12 23 
13 24 
14 33 
15 48 
16 53 
17 43 
18 25 
19 03 
1938 


! . 
6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 3 
6 2 
61 
;,-;, 
5-4 
5-4 
5 6 
5-9 
6 4 
6 8 
7 2 
7 5 
77 
7-c, 
7 4 
71 
67 
6-2 
5 9 
57 
57 
5 8 
6 
6 2 
i 3 
6 4 


H. M 

1 53 
2 24 
2 54 
3 23 
3 54 
4 27 
5 04 
5 47 
6 39 
7 48 
9 01 
10 09 
11 04 
11 52 
24 
1 09 
1 53 
2 37 
3 26 
4 20 
5 19 
6 24 
7 29 
8 33 
9 36 
10 36 
11 30 
05 
50 
1 30 


H. M 

14 07 
14 35 
15 01 
15 25 
15 53 
16 25 
17 03 
17 50 
18 51 
20 09 
21 27 
22 36 
23 36 

12 37 
13 21 
14 06 
14 52 
15 40 
16 33 
17 34 
18 44 
19 58 
21 10 
22 18 
23 15 

i2 ie 

12 57 
13 32 


F t. 
21 
2 2 
2 3 
2 4 
2 6 
2 8 
3 
3 2 
3 3 
3 2 
3 
2 6 
21 

1-5 
1-4 

1 4 
1 5 
1 8 
21 
2 5 
28 
2 9 
2 9 
2 8 
2 6 

2-5 
2 5 
2 6 




_L. 






36 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX. 



[1897 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX-o" *- 



MAY. 


JUNE. 


& 

- 

- 


A 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


1 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


Forenoon. 


Liternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


i 

I A 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon- 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Time. ] 


I t. 1 


rime. I 


I t. 


Time. I 


rt. 


rime. I 


I t. f 


Time. H t. 


rime. H t. 


Time. 1 


I t. 


lime. ] 


Tt. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 


7 

- 


LI 
L] 
L! 

11 
i; 
i, 
i; 
LI 
:. 
21 
2 
2i 

a 

: - 

- 

J7 
. - 
-: . 

9 

31 


Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 


H.M. 

8 07 
8 41 
9 15 
9 49 
10 25 
11 04 
11 50 

6 40 
] 47 
2 56 
4 04 
5 06 
6 05 
7 01 
7 54 
8 45 
9 34 
10 24 
11 15 

6 12 
1 07 
2 08 
3 18 
4 27 
5 32 
6 24 
7 03 
7 39 
8 14 


F t. ] 
5 9 
5 9 
6 
5 9 
5 9 
5 8 
5 8 

6 i 
6 
5-9 
61 
6 3 
6 6 
6 8 
6 9 
6 9 
6 9 
6 8 
6 6 

6-3 
5-9 
5 6 
5 4 
5 4 
5 4 
5 4 
5 5 
5 6 
5 7 


I. M. 1 

20 10 
20 41 
21 12 
21 44 
22 19 
22 58 
23 44 
12 44 
13 41 
14 40 
15 38 
16 33 
17 27 
18 20 
19 12 
20 03 
20 53 
21 42 
22 30 
23 19 
12 08 
13 02 
13 57 
14 54 
15 53 
16 50 
17 40 
18 22 
18 59 
19 35 
20 13 


? t. 
3-5 
5-5 

3-5 
i 4 
6 3 
6 2 
5 8 
5 9 
61 
6 3 
6 6 
7 
7 3 
7 5 
7 6 
7 6 
7 4 
71 
67 
6 4 
6 2 
6 
5 9 
5 9 
5 9 
6-0 
61 
6 2 
6 3 
6 4 


H. M. ] 

2 05 ! 
2 36 
3 06 
3 35 
4 06 
4 42 
5 25 
6 15 
7 13 
8 20 
9 26 
10 22 
11 15 

6 44 
1 33 
2 22 
3 13 
4 08 
5 06 
6 07 
7 06 
8 03 
8 58 
9 52 
1042 
11 28 
12 
57 
1 36 
2 10 


ft. 

2 
2 
2 
21 
2 2 
2 2 
2 3 
2 3 
2 2 
21 
1-9 

9 
8 
8 

i-o 

1-9 

2 2 
2 4 
2 6 
27 
2 8 
2 4 
2 3 
2-2 
21 


H.M. ] 

14 02 
14 28 
1455 
15 26 
16 03 
16 46 
17 38 
18 39 
19 52 
21 04 
22 06 
23 03 
23 54 
12 04 
1252 
13 40 
14 30 
15 23 
16 22 
17 30 
18 38 
19 39 
20 37 
21 34 
22 30 
23 23 

12 08 
12 44 
13 19 
13 54 


? t. 
27 
27 
2 8 
2 9 
3 
31 
3 2 
3 2 
31 
2 8 1 1 
2 4 I 
2 ] 
1-6 1 
1-8 1 
1-8 1 
1-8 1 
1-9 
2 
2 2 
2 5 
2 6 
27 
2 8 
27 
2 6 
2 5 

2 9 
2 9 
2 9 
2 9 


1 Tu. 
2 W. 
3 Th. 
4 F. 

5 Sa. 
6 Su. 
7 M. 
8 Tu. 
9 W. 
Th. 
1 F. 
2 Sa. 
3 Su. 
4l M. 
5 Tu. 
6 W. 
17 Th. 
18 F. 
19 Sa. 
20 Su. 
21 M. 
22 Tu. 
23 W. 
24 Th. 
25 F. 
26i Sa. 
27 Su. 
28 M. 
29 Tu. 
30 W. 


H.M. ] 

8 50 
9 29 
10 11 
10 55 
11 41 

6 27 
1 27 
2 30 
3 34 
4 37 
5 38 
6 36 
7 32 
8 26 
9 18 
10 08 
10 56 
11 43 

6 4i 

1 37 

2 38 
3 40 
4 40 
5 35 
6 25 
7 12 
7 55 
8 36 


F t. 
5 8 
5 9 
6-0 
6 
61 

61 
6 
5 9 
5 9 
6 
61 
6 3 
6 5 
6 6 
6 6 
6 6 
6 5 
6 4 

5 9 
5 5 
5 2 
5 
5-0 
5 
51 
5 3 
5 5 
57 


H. M. 1 

20 50 
21 26 
22 04 
22 45 
23 32 
12 29 
13 20 
14 14 
15 10 
16 06 
17 02 
17 56 
18 49 
19 41 
20 32 
21 22 
22 11 
22 59 
23 49 
12 30 
13 18 
14 11 
15 08 
1604 
1553 
17 36 
18 18 
19 00 
19 43 
20 26 


n. 

5 5 
5-5 

3 5 
5 4 
6 3 
61 
6 2 
6 3 
6 5 
6 6 
6 8 
7 
7 2 
7 2 
7 2 
71 
6 9 
6 6 
6 3 
6 2 
6 
5 9 
5 8 
57 
57 
5 8 
5 9 
61 
6 2 
6 3 


H.M. 

2 42 
3 14 
3 48 
4 27 
5 10 
5 57 
6 48 
7 44 
8 43 
9 40 
10 35 | 
11 32 
26 
1 17 
2 08 
3 00 
3 53 
4 46 
5 39 
6 33 
7 27 
8 20 
l 9 12 
10 03 
10 51 
11 33 
31 
1 07 
1 40 
2 14 


F t. 
2 

1-8 

1-8 
1-9 

2 
21 
2 2 
21 
21 
1-2 

ro 

9 

9 

i-o 

1 2 

2 
2 3 
2 6 
2 8 
2 9 
3 
2 3 
21 
1-9 
17 


H.M. 

14 30 
15 09 
15 51 
16 37 
17 29 
18 26 
19 30 
20 40 
21 42 
22 38 
23 33 

12 28 
13 23 
14 17 
15 12 
16 09 
17 08 
18 09 
19 09 
20 07 
21 04 
22 02 
22 59 
23 49 

12 12 
12 52 
13 33 
14 15 


F t. 
2 9 
2 9 
2 9 
2 9 
2 8 
27 
2 6 
2 4 
21 
1-8 

2-i 

2-0 
2 
21 
21 
2 2 
2 3 
2 4 
2 5 
2 6 
2 6 
2 5 
2 4 

3 b 
2 9 

2 8 
27 


JULY. 


AUGUST. 


C 

-* 


3 * 

* A 


HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


1 S 

A 


HIGH WATER. Low WATER. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. &lt; Afternoon. Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Time. H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. H t. Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


1 Th. 
2 F. 
3 Sa. 
4 Su. 
5 M. 
6 Tu. 
7 W. 
8 Th. 
9 F. 
10 Sa. 
11 Su. 
12 M. 
13 Tu. 
14 W. 
15 Th. 
16 F. 
17 Sa. 
18 Su. 
19 M. 
20 Tu. 
21 W. 
22: Th. 
23! F. 
24 Sa. 
25i Su. 
26 M. 
27 i Tu. 
28: W. 
29 Th. 

so ; F. 

31 1 Sa. 


H. M. 

9 16 
9 55 
i 10 34 
11 14 
11 57 
10 
1 02 
1 58 
3 03 
4 16 
5 23 
6 21 
7 15 
- in 
8 54 
9 41 
10 27 
11 12 
11 58 
I 12 
1 OC 
1 49 
2 41 
3 45 
4 5C 

5 se 

6 4E 
7 2 
8 OS 
8 5( 
9 3( 


Ft. 

5 9 
6 
6 2 
6 3 
6 3 
61 
5 9 
5 7 
5 6 
5 5 
5 6 
5 8 
6 
6 2 
6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 3 
61 
5 7 
i 5 3 
5 
tt 
4 7 
4 7 

5 5 
i 5 E 
1 5 S 
) 6 ] 
) 6 C 


H.M. 

21 10 
21 53 
22 37 
23 22 

12 43 
13 32 
14 25 
15 26 
1630 
17 32 
18 29 
19 22 
20 12 
21 01 
21 49 
22 36 
23 24 

12 43 
13 29 
14 16 
15 06 
1600 
16 56 
17 50 
18 40 
19 26 
20 10 
20 53 
21 36 


F t. 
6 4 
6 5 
6 4 
6 3 

6-4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 4 
6 5 
6 6 
67 
6 8 
67 
6 6 
6 4 
61 

5 9 
57 
5 6 
5 5 
5 4 
5 E 
57 
5 9 
6 2 
6 4 
6 5 

e-e 


H. M. 

2 50 
3 28 
4 07 
4 47 
5 30 
6 17 
7 10 
8 08 
9 09 
10 09 
11 10 
05 
1 00 
1 53 
2 44 
3 33 
4 21 
5 08 
5 54 
6 39 
7 23 
8 09 
8 56 
9 50 
10 50 
11 47 
34 
1 12 
1 49 
2 25 
3 03 


F t. 
1-5 

1-9 
21 
2 2 
2 3 
2 3 

11 

i-o 
i-o 
i-o 

11 

1-3 

re 

2t 
2 c 
2 f 
2 J 

2 ! 
1 ! 
I 1 
1 * 
11 

r 


H. M. 

14 57 
15 40 
16 24 
17 11 
18 03 
19 00 
20 03 
21 09 
22 10 
2309 

12 16 
13 09 
14 07 
15 03 
15 57 
16 50 
17 41 
18 30 
19 19 
20 10 
21 06 
22 04 
23 00 
2351 

i2 35 
13 18 
14 00 
14 41 
L 15 21 


"t. 
2 6 
2 4 
2 3 
2-2 
21 
21 
2 
1-9 

1 5 

2 2 
21 

2 

1 9 

2 
21 
2-3 
2 4 
2 5 
2 5 
2 4 
2 2 

2 8 
2 6 
2 3 
2 


1 Su. 
2 M. 
3 Tu. 
4 W. 
5 Th. 
6] F. 
7 Sa. 
8 Su. 
9 M. 
10 Tu. 
11 W. 
12 Th. 
13 F. 
14 Sa. 
15 Su. 
16 M. 
17 Tu. 
18 W. 
19 Th. 
20 F. 
21 Sa. 
22 Su. 
23 M. 
24 Tu. 
25 W. 
26 Th. 
27 F. 
28 Sa. 
29 Su. 
30 M. 
31 Tu. 


H.M. 

10 10 
10 51 
11 34 

6 45 
1 40 
2 48 
4 04 
5 08 
6 07 
6 59 
7 45 
8 30 
9 14 
9 57 
10 38 
11 17 
11 55 
17 
59 
1 48 
2 51 
4 07 
5 16 
6 08 
6 56 
7 40 
8 20 
8 59 
9 40 
10 22 


F t. 
6 5 
6 6 
6 5 

5-9 
5 6 
5 3 
5 2 
5 3 
5 6 
5 8 
61 
6 3 
6 4 
6 4 
6 3 
61 
5 9 
5-4 
51 
4 S 
47 
4 g 
5 C 

I l 

6 1 
6 ! 

7i 


H. M. 

22 21 
23 07 
23 55 
12 20 
13 09 
14 02 
15 06 
16 13 
17 18 
18 21 
19 15 
20 02 
20 47 
21 31 
22 14 
22 56 
23 37 

12 34 
13 15 
14 03 
15 04 
16 12 
17 17 
18 13 
19 04 
19 51 
&gt; 20 36 
! 21 20 
) 22 05 
) 22 51 


F t 
6 6 
6 4 
61 
6 5 
6 4 
6 2 
61 
6 
61 
6-2 
6 3 
6 4 
6 5 
6 4 
6 2 
6 
57 

57 
5 6 
5-4 

5-; 

5 E 
5" 
61 

6-; 

6 : 
6" 


H.M. 

3 43 
4 25 
5 10 
5 57 
6 47 
7 45 
8 49 
9 57 
11 04 
02 
56 
1 43 
2 28 
3 12 
3 54 
4 33 
5 08 
5 41 
6 15 
6 54 
7 51 
9 00 
10 07 
11 07 
) 
! 41 
&gt; 1 1 23 
i 2 02 
5 2 40 

r i 3 19 

5 4 01 


ll 

1-9 

2 2 
2 4 
2 5 

2 4 

1-3 
1-2 
13 

2 2 
2 5 
2 8 
3 
31 
31 
2 9 

1-6 

11 
11 
1-3 


H.M. 

16 03 
16 48 
17 38 
18 34 
19 36 
20 44 
21 54 
23 01 

12 09 
13 10 
14 05 
14 54 
15 39 
16 22 
17 03 
17 42 
18 21 
19 07 
20 04 
21 04 
22 06 
23 03 
23 54 
12 01 
12 51 
13 37 
14 19 
14 59 
15 42 
16 29 


F t. 
It 

1 6 

1-6 

2-3 
21 

1 9 

17 

1-9 

21 
2 2 
2 4 
2 5 
i 2 5 
2 4 
2 2 

2 6 

2 2 

It 



Time 



TIM lS ed is Intercolonial Standard, for the 60th meridian ; or four hours slower than Greenwich Mean 
It is counted from to 24 hours, from midnight to midnight. 



AdmSy Datum, deduct 1-5 feet from the height above given. 



1897] 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX. 



37 



TIDE TABLES, HALIFAX- 



-Continued. 



SEPTEMBER. 


OCTOBER. 






HIGH WATER. Low WATER. 






HIGH WATFR. 


Low WATER. 


CJ 


hi 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. | Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


- 


^ 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


a 


a 
Q 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


- 
- 


s 
ft 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 






H. M. 


Ft 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H.M. 


F t. i H. M. 


F t. 


H.M. 


F t. 


i 


W. 


11 06 


6 9 


23 39 


6 3 


4 45 


1 5 


17 22 


1-3 


1 


F. 


11 29 


6 9 




5 14 


2 3 


18 06 


17 


2 


Th. 


11 53 


6 6 






5 33 


1 9 


18 20 


1 5 


2 


Sa. 


19 


6 2 


12 26 


6 6 6 24 


2 6 


19 16 


1 9 


3 


F. 


30 


5 9 


12 44 


6-4 


6 24 


2 2 


19 27 


17 


3 


Su. 


1 20 


5 9 


13 29 


6 2 


7 39 


2 9 


20 25 


21 


4 


Sa. 


1 28 


5 6 


13 43 


61 


7 31 


2 5 


20 36 


1 9 


! 


M. 


2 26 


5 8 


14 40 


6 


8 51 


3 


21 30 


2 2 


5 


Su. 


2 32 


5 4 


14 46 


5 9 


8 46 


27 


21 43 


2 


:, 


Tu. 


3 36 


57 


15 49 


5 9 9 58 


2 9 


22 31 


2 3 


6 


M. 


3 46 


5 3 


15 55 


5 8 


10 00 


2 8 


22 46 


1 9 


6 


W. 


4 41 


5 9 


16 54 


6 10 58 


27 


23 26 


2 3 


7 


Tu. 


5 00 


5 5 


17 04 


5 9 


11 09 


2 6 


23 43 


1 8 


7 


Th. 


5 36 


81 


17 51 


61 H 51 


2 5 






8 


W. 


6 01 


57 


18 01 


61 




.. 12 06 


2-4 


8| F. 


6 23 


6 3 


18 39 


6 2 13 


2 2 


12 39 


2 3 


9 


Th. 


6 49 


6 


18 53 


6 2 


033 


17 


12 56 


2 2 


9l Sa. 


7 04 


6 5 


19 23 


6 3 54 


2 2 


13 22 


2 2 


10 


F. 


7 30 


6 2 


19 42 


6 3 


1 18 


17 


13 41 


2 


10 Su. 


7 41 


6 6 


20 03 


6 3 1 30 


2 3 


14 00 


21 


11 


Sa. 


8 09 


6 4 


20 28 


6 4 


2 00 


17 


14 23 


1 9 


11 


M. 


8 15 


6 6 


20 40 


6 3 2 03 


2 4 


14 34 


21 


12 


Su. 


8 47 


6 5 


21 10 


6 3 


2 38 


1 8 15 01 


1 9 


12 


Tu. 


8 48 


6 6 


21 16 


6 2 2 35 


2 6 


15 06 


2-2 


13 


M. 


9 24 


6 4 


21 49 


6 2 


3 13 


1 9 15 36 


1 9 


13 W. 


9 20 


6 6 


21 52 


61 3 08 


27 


15 40 


2 3 


1 1 


Tu. 


10 00 


6 3 


22 25 


6 


3 46 21 16 10 


2 


14 


Th. 


9 53 


6 5 


22 29 


5 9 3 42 


2 9 


16 17 


2 4 


L5 


W. 


10 35 


6 2 


23 02 


5 8 | 4 16 


2 3 


16 47 


2 2 


13 


F. 


10 27 


6 4 


23 09 


5 8 : 4 17 


31 


16 57 


2 5 


L6 


Th. 


11 09 


6-1 


23 42 


5-5 


4 48 


2 6 


17 28 


2 3 


L6 


Sa. 


11 03 


6 2 


23 56 


57 4 55 


3 3 


17 41 


2 6 


17 


F. 


11 46 


5 9 






5 24 


2 9 18 14 


2 5 


17 


Su. 


11 49 


61 




5 38 


3 4 


18 33 


27 


|,s 


Sa. 


26 


5 3 


12 26 


5 8 


6 08 


31 


19 09 


2 6 


IS 


M. 


48 


5 6 


12 46 


6-0 6 37 


3 5 


19 38 


2 8 


19 


Su. 


1 16 


5 1 13 12 


57 


7 03 


3 2 


20 11 


27 


19 


Tu. 


1 47 


5 6 


13 53 


5 9 7 50 


3 5 


20 46 


27 


20 


M. 


2 18 


51 14 20 


5 6 


8 20 


3 3 


21 25 


2 6 


L l) 


W. 


2 51 


5 8 


15 06 


6 i 9 06 


3 3 


21 51 


2 5 


L l 


Tu. 


3 33 


5 2 15 36 


57 


9 36 


3 2 


22 2V 


2 3 


23 


Th. 


3 55 


61 1 16 13 


6 2 10 10 


2 9 


22 42 


2 3 


22 


W. 


4 41 


5 5 


16 46 


5 9 


10 42 


2 9 


23 18 


21 


22 


F. 


4 51 


6 5 


17 14 


6 5 11 09 


2 5 


23 29 


21 


23 


Th. 


535 5-9 


17 46 


fi 2 


11 36 


2 5 






23 


Sa. 


5 41 


6 9 


18 09 


6 8 11 56 


2 






24 


F. 


6 21 


6 4 


18 37 


6 6 


03 


1 8 


12 25 


2 b 


24 


Su. 


6 28 


7 3 


19 02 


7 12 


1 9 


12 4i 


1-6 


25 


Sa. 


7 03 


6 8 


19 23 


6 9 


44 


1 5 


13 09 


1 6 


25 


M. 


7 15 


7 6 


19 53 


7 2 i 53 


1-8 


13 26 


1 3 


26 


Su. 


7 44 


71 


20 08 


71 


1 24 


1 4 


13 52 


1 3 


26 


Tu. 


8 01 


7 8 


20 41 


7 3 ! ! 1 36 


17 


14 12 


11 


27 


M. 


8 25 


7 4 


20 53 


71 


2 05 


1 3 


14 36 


11 


27 


W. 


8 46 


7 8 


21 27 


7 2 : 2 22 


1 8 


14 59 


11 


28 


Tu. 


9 07 


7 5 


21 40 


7 


2 48 


1 4 


15 22 


I D 


28 


Th. 


9 32 


77 


22 14 


7 3 11 


2 


15 48 


1 2 


29 


W. 


9 50 


7 4 


22 30 


6 8 


3 33 


1-6 


16 10 


11 


29 


F. 


10 20 


7 4 


23 04 


6 8 4 04 


2 3 


16 42 


1 5 


30 


Th. 


10 36 


7 2 


23 23 


6.5 


4 21 


1-9 


17 02 


1-4 


30 


Sa. 


11 12 


71 




.. 5 06 


2 6 


17 45 


1 8 






















31 


Su. 


00 


6 6 


12 07 


67 6 18 


2 9 


18 54 


21 


NOVEMBER. 


DECEMBER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 






HIGH WATER. Low WATER. 


- 


bl 


Forenoon 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


5 


&gt;L 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon . 


- 
- 


ce 
ft 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


- 
- 


a 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 






H.M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H.M. 


F t. 


1 


M. 


58 


6 3 


13 06 


6-4 


7 26 


3 


20 03 


2 3 


1 


W. 


1 33 


6 4 


13 59 


61 


8 14 2 8 


20 38 


2 5 


2 


Tu. 


1 59 


6 2 


14 12 


61 


8 32 


3 


21 06 


2 4 


2 


Th. 


2 34 


6 3 


15 05 


5 9 


9 15 


2 8 


21 33 


27 


. , 


W. 


3 03 


6 2 


15 24 


6 


9 35 


2 9 


22 03 


2 5 


3 


F. 


3 32 


6 3 


16 08 


5 8 


10 11 


27 


22 25 


2 8 


4 


Th. 


4 04 


6 3 


16 33 


6 


10 36 


2 8 


22 57 


2 6 


4 


Sa. 


4 26 


6 2 


17 08 


57 


11 04 


2 6 


23 14 


2 9 


;. 


F. 


5 01 


6 4 


17 32 


61 


11 32 


2 6 


23 46 


27 


r&gt; 


Su. 


5 15 


6 3 


18 05 


5 8 


11 52 


2 6 


23 58 


3 


6 


Sa. 


5 52 


6 5 


18 24 


61 






12 22 


2 5 


(i 


M. 


5 58 


6 4 


18 49 


5 8 






12 36 


2 5 


7 


Su. 


6 36 


6 6 


19 09 


6 2 


6 29 


2 8 


13 05 


2 4 


7 


Tu. 


6 38 


6 4 


19 25 


5-9 


6 35 


3 i 


13 15 


2 4 


8 


M. 


7 12 


6 6 


19 46 


6 2 


1 05 


2 9 


13 39 


2 3 


8 


W. 


7 16 


6 5 


19 59 


5 9 


1 08 


3 2 


13 48 


2 3 


9 


Tu. 


7 43 


67 


20 20 


6 2 


1 34 


3 


14 09 


2 3 


9 


Th. 


7 53 


6 5 


20 32 


6 


1 41 


3 2 


14 20 


2 3 


in 


W. 


8 15 


67 


20 53 


6 2 


2 01 


31 


14 38 


2 3 


10 


F. 


8 29 


6 5 


21 08 


61 


2 16 


3 2 


14 53 


2 2 


11 


Th. 


8 49 


6 6 


21 29 


61 


2 31 


3 2 


15 10 


2 4 


11 


Sa. 


9 05 


6 6 


21 49 


61 


2 53 


3 2 


15 30 


2 2 


12 


F. 


9 24 


6 6 


22 08 


6 


3 04 


3 3 


15 45 


2 4 


12 


Su. 


9 43 


6 5 


22 32 


6 2 


3 33 3 2 


16 10 


2 2 


13 


Sa. 


10 01 


6 5 


22 50 


6 


3 42 


3 4 


16 24 


2 5 


13 


M. 


10 25 


6 5 


23 16 


6 2 


4 18 


3 2 


16 53 


2 2 


11 


Su. 


10 40 


6 4 


23 35 


6 


4 27 


3 4 


17 09 


2 6 


11 


Tu. 


11 10 


6 4 






5 07 


31 


17 38 


2 3 


15 


M. 


11 24 


6 3 






5 19 


3 5 


18 02 


2 6 


15 


W. 


[.V "( 


fi . !! 

(i ( J 






5 58 


3 


18 25 


2 3 


L6 


Tu. 


24 


6 


i2 ie 


6 2 


6 18 


3 5 


18 59 


27 


n; 


Th. 


48 


6 4 


12 5i 


6 2 


6 52 


2 9 


19 16 


2 4 


17 


W. 


1 15 


61 


13 14 


6 2 


7 22 


3 4 


1957 


2 6 


17 


F. 


1 37 


6 5 


13 55 


61 


7 56 


27 


20 11 


2 4 


L8 


Th. 


2 08 


6 3 


14 20 


6 2 


8 30 


31 


20 56 


2 5 


is 


Sa. 


2 29 


6 6 


15 02 


61 


9 03 


2 4 


21 09 


2 5 


19 


F. 


3 06 


6 5 


15 28 


6 3 


9 38 


2 8 


21 52 


2 4 


111 


Su. 


3 25 


6 8 


16 08 


6 2 


10 04 


21 


22 08 


2 4 


20 


Sa. 


4 04 


6 8 


16 35 


6 5 


10 37 


2 3 


22 44 


2 3 


2(1 


M. 


4 24 


7 


17 10 


6 3 


10 59 


1 8 


23 06 


2 4 


21 


Su. 


5 00 


7 2 


17 36 


67 


11 28 


1 9 


23 34 


2 2 


21 


Tu. 


5 22 


7 2 


18 08 


6 5 


11 53 


1-5 






22 


M. 


5 53 


7-5 


18 32 


6 9 






12 17 


1 5 


22 


W. 


6 18 


7 4 


19 04 


67 


01 


2 3 


12 46 


i-2 


23 


Tu. 


6 44 


7 7 


19 26 


71 


6 23 


21 


13 05 


1 3 


23 


Th. 


7 12 


7 5 


19 57 


6 9 


54 


2 2 


13 38 


11 


24 


W. 


7 34 


7 8 


20 18 


7 2 


1 13 


21 


13 53 


11 


24 


F. 


8 05 


7 5 


20 49 


7 


1 46 


21 


14 30 


11 


LV. 


Th. 


8 23 


7 8 


21 09 


7 2 


2 04 


21 


14 42 


11 


_ .) 


Sa. 


8 57 


7 4 


21 39 


7 


2 40 


21 


15 23 


11 


y, 


F. 


9 11 


77 


21 59 


71 


2 57 


2 2 


15 33 


1-2 


LV, 


Su. 


9 48 


7 2 


22 27 


6 9 


3 37 


21 


16 17 


1 3 


27 


Sa. 


10 00 


7 4 


22 48 


7 


3 53 


2 4 


16 27 


1-4 


27 


M. 


10 38 


6 9 


23 14 


6 8 


4 36 


2 2 


17 12 


1-5 


28 


Su. 


10 52 


71 


23 39 


6 8 


4 54 


2 6 


17 26 


17 


28 Tu. 


11 27 


6 6 






5 36 


2 3 


18 08 


1-8 


29 


M. 


11 50 


g-8 






6 01 


27 


18 32 


2 


29 


W. 


01 


6 6 


12 17 


6 3 


6 37 


2 4 


19 03 


21 


30 


Tu. 


34 


6 6 


12 53 


6 4 


7 09 


2 8 


19 38 


2 2 


M 


Th. 


50 


6 4 


13 10 


5 9 


7 36 


2 5 


19 57 


2 4 






















:\\ 


K. 


1 42 


6 2 


14 12 


5 6 


8 34 


2-1; 


20 51 


27 



The TIME used is Intercolonial Standard, for the 60th meridian ; or four hours slower than Greenwich 
Mean Time. It is counted from to 24 hours, from midnight to midnight. 

The HEIGHT is measured from a datum plane about 1 foot inches below the level of low water at 
Ordinary Spring Tides; which is the Datum of the Admiralty Charts. Hence to obtain the heights above the 
Admiralty Datum, deduct 1 5 feet from the height above given. 



38 



TIDE TABLES, QUEBEC. 



[1897 



TIDE TABLES, QUEBEC 



APRIL, 


MAY. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 







Forenoon. Afternoon. I 


Forenoon. Afternoon. 







Forenoon. . 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. , 


Afternoon. 


ft 


a 


Time. I 


I t. 1 


rime. H t. 


Time. 


I t. - 


Time. 


I t. 


1 

ft 


s 
ft 


Time. I 


I t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. ] 


I t. 


lime. H t. 






H M 


F t 1 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 






H.M. 


F t, 


H. M. 


F t. 


H.M. 


F t. 


H.M. 


F t, 


1 


Th 


5 46 1 


5 9 


18 4 1 


5-8 


31 


i 8 


12 48 


1-6 


1 Sa. 


5 55 17-5 


1823 


,5-7 


37 


27 


13 9 


21 


9 


F 


6 22 1 


6 fi 


18 43 1 


5-8 


1 7 


1 8 


13 29 


V4 


9 Su. 


6 30 ]17 8 


19 1 


L5 5 


1 15 


2 8 


13 53 


2 3 


3 


Sa 


6 57 17 -n 19 21 1 


V6 


1 42 


19 


14 9 


1-6 


3 M. 


7 4 17-8 1 


19 40 


L5-2 


1 53 


3 i 


14 36 


2 6 


t 




7 33 1 


7 2 19 59 ] 




2 16 


2 2 


14 48 


2-0 


4 


Tu. 


7 39 17 8l 


20 20 


14-8 


2 32 


3 5 


15 18 


3-0 


E 


M 


8 9 1 


7-3 20 38 1 


4 9 


2 51 


2 6 


15 29 


2-5 1 


5 


W. 


8 17 


7 6l 


21 2 


14-4 


3 10 


3-8 


15 59 


3 b 


fi 


Tu 


8 46 ] 


7 3i 21 20 14 3 


3 28 


31 16 12 


3-1 


6 


Th. 


8 57 


7 3 


21 47 


14-0 


3 49 


4-2 


16 39 


4 




W 


9 25 ] 


6 9 22 9 


3 6 


4 9 


3 6 


16 58 


3 7 


7 F. 


9 40 


6 9 


22 35 


13-6 


4 28 


4 5 


17 20 


4 4 


8 


Th 


10 08 ] 


16-31 23 6 


3 


4 53 


41 


17 47 


4 4 


8 Sa. 


10 28 |16 4 


23 29 


13 4 


5 10 


4 8 


18 3 


4 8 


g 




10 57 " 


L5 6 . . . 




5 39 


4*7 


18 40 


5-0 


9 


Su. 


11 31 |15 7 






5 56 


b O 


18 52 


5 1 


10 


Sa 


12 


L2 5 12 10 


4 9 


6 29 


5-2 


19 44 


5 2 





M. 


36 


I3 5 


12 50 


IS 3 


6 51 


5 2 


19 46 


b O 


11 
12 


Su. 
M 


1 26 
2 33 


L2-4 13 27 
?-n 14 41 


t47 
15 


7 27 
8 40 


b 4 
5-2 


20 45 
21 41 


4-6 


.1 


Tu. 
W. 


1 44 
2 42 


14 
15-0 


14 1 

15 3 


15-3 
15 6 


7 54 
9 6 


b O 
4 6 


20 45 
21 46 


47 
4 2 


13 
14 


Tu. 
W 


3 26 14-1 15 38 
4 10 15 2 16 25 


15-6 
16-3 


9 48 
10 46 


4 
3 6 


22 32 
23 19 


3 9 
3 2 


13 
14 


Th. 
F. 


3 31 16 2 
4 14 17 3 


15 58 
16 48 


16-0 
16 3 


10 14 
11 16 


37 
2 9 


22 41 
23 30 


3 o 
3-0 


15 


Th 


4 50 16 4 17 8 


167 


11 36 


2 b 






I. 5 


Sa. 


4 55 18 1 


17 33 


16"3 






12 12 


2 2 


16 


F 


5 27 17-3 17 48 


16-8 3 


2 6 


12 24 


2-0 


IB 


Su. 


5 36 187 


18 16 16 


14 


27 


13 2 


1 8 


17 

11 


Sa. 
Su 


6 03 
6 40 


18-1 18 29 16 7i 
18 6 19 12 16-3: 


44 
1 24 


2 3 
21 


13 11 
13 59 


V5 


17 

IS 


M. 
Tu. 


6 18 
7 1 


18 9 
18 8 


18 59 
19 43 


15M 


59 
1 47 


2 b 
2-6 


13 50 
14 37 


17 

1-8 


10 


M 


7 19 


18 8 19 57 


15-7 


2 5 


21 


14 48 


T6 


19 


W. 


7 45 18 4 


20 30 


14 b 


2 36 


2 8 


15 23 


21 


20 


Tu. 
W 


8 01 
8 46 


18 6 20 44 |15 0; 
18 1 21 34 14-2 


2 48 
3 35 


2-3 

27 


15 38 

16 29 


2-0 

2 6 


20 
21 


Th. 
F. 


8 30 17 9 
9 18 17 1 


21 20 
22 14 


14-0 
13 6 


3 27 
4 19 


3-5 


16 11 
17 1 


2 6 
31 


22 
23 
21 


Th. 
F. 

Sa 


9 35 

10 32 
11 45 


17-3 
16 2 

15 2 


22 31 
23 42 


13 4 

12-7 


4 24 
5 17 
6 18 


3 3 
4-0 

4 6 


17 22 
18 18 
19 19 


3 3 
4-0 
4 4 


22 Sa. 
231 Su. 
24 M. 


10 14 16 1 
11 21 15 2 
27 13 4 


23 20 
12 36 


13 4 

14 ; 4 


5 12 

6 6 
7 2 


3 9 
4 4 
4 8 


17 53 3 7 
18 47 4 2 
19 43 4 4 


25 


Su. 
M 


1 05 
2 14 


12 6 
13 2 


13 10 

14 27 


14-5 

14 5 


7 25 4 9 
8 33 4 8 


20 24 
21 29 


4 5 


25 


Tu. 
W. 


1 31 13 9 
2 28 14-6 


13 48 
14 52 


14" 
14-4 


8 6 
9 11 


4 8 
4-5 


20 42 
21 40 


4 4 
41 


27 
2 


Tu. 
W 


3 12 
3 58 


14-2 15 27 
15 2 16 16 


14-8 


9 43 4 2 
10 47 3 4 


22 28 
23 16 


3 5 
3-0 


27 
28 


Th. 
F. 


3 18 
4 3 


15 6i 15 46 14- 
16 4 16 33 15-0 


10 14 
11 10 


3 8 
31 


22 33 
23 21 


37 

3 4 


29 

2 


Th. 
F. 


4 39 
5 18 


16-2 17 1 
17 17 43 


15 6 
15 8 


11 38 


27 




23 58 
12 24 


27 
2-2 


29 
30 
31 


Sa. 
Su. 
M. 


4 45 
5 24 
6 


17-1 

17 5 
17 6 


17 18 15- 
18 1 15-1 
18 42 14- 


6 6 
48 


3 ; 3 
3 4 


12 3 u b 
12 52 2 4 
13 35 i 2 5 


JUNE. 


JULY. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 






HIGH WATER. 


LOW WATER. 






Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon 


S 




Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


i 

Q 


ft 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t 


3 

a 


d 

ft 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


1 

2 

! 

r 

L 

1 

i 

i 

li 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
! 
1 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 


Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 

Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 


H.M. 

6 35 
7 12 
7 51 
8 32 
9 16 
10 4 
10 58 

6 48 
1 53 
2 54 
3 49 
4 40 
5 27 
6 10 
6 51 
7 32 
8 15 
9 1 
9 51 
10 46 
11 57 
41 
1 39 
2 35 
3 28 
4 17 
5 1 
5 41 
6 20 


F t. 

17 6 
17 5 
17 4 
Il7 3 
17 
16-6 
16-0 

15-; 

J17 S 
17 S 
is-: 

17-E 
17;( 

lo i 
14* 
14 ( 

14-: 

14 ( 
1.V 
15" 

16-: 

16&lt; 
16 i 
16 i 


H.M. 

19 21 
19 59 
20 38 
21 18 
22 1 
22 50 
23 47 
12 
13 15 
14 28 
15 35 
16 29 
17 18 
18 5 

18 51 

19 35 
. 20 18 
) 21 2 

[ 21 47 

&gt;j 22 36 

! 23 40 

1 


F t. 
14-5 
14-3 
14-2 
14-2 
14-2 
14-3 
14 5 
15-4 
|14 9 

14-9 
lo l 
15 1 
14-8 
14 5 
14 3 

14 
13-9 

140 


H. M. 

1 29 
2 9 
2 48 
3 26 
4 3 
441 
5 22 
6 10 
7 16 
8 30 
9 45 
10 51 
11 49 

6 44 
1 34 
2 22 
3 9 

3 56 
4 44 
5 33 
6 26 
7 27 
8 33 
9 42 
; 10 46 
j 11 43 

6 22 
1 5 

1 


F t. 
3 6 
3 8 
3 9 
4-0 
4-0 
4-0 
4-1 
4 2 
4 2 
41 
3 6 
2 9 
2 2 

2-4 
2 3 
2 3 
2 4 

27 

3 4 
3 9 
4 2 
4 2 
3 8 
3 2 
2 6 

3 3 
3 2 


II M 
14 15 
14 53 
15 30 
16 6 
16 42 
17 21 
18 4 
18 52 
19 49 
20 52 
21 58 
22 57 
23 52 
12 44 
13 35 
14 22 
15 7 
15 52 
16 36 
17 19 
18 4 
18 52 
19 47 
20 45 
21 44 
22 41 
23 34 
12 32 
13 14 
13 53 


F t 
27 
3-0 
3-3 
3 6 
3 8 
3 9 
4-0 
4-0 
4-0 
3 8 
3 5 
3-0 
2 7 
1-6 
1-4 
1-4 
1-6 

2-3 
2-8 
3-3 
37 
4-0 
4-0 
3 9 
3-6 
3-4 
2 3 
2-2 
2 3 


i 

2 

: 

! 

," 
i 
7 
8 
9 
LI 
11 
15 
13 
14 
IE 
1( 
17 
li 

2 
21 
L : 
2: 
2 
oc 

2( 
25 
2S 
21 
3( 
31 


Th. 
F. 

Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 


H.M. 

6 58 
7 35 
8 11 
8 49 
9 30 
10 16 
11 16 

i 4 

2 15 
3 17 
4 12 
5 2 
551 
6 33 
7 23 
8 6 
8 48 
9 32 
10 21 
11 18 


F t. 
16 8 
16-8 
16 8 
16-7 
16 5 
15 8 
15-0 

is : 5 

115-8 
16-3 
16-7 
il6 9 
16 9 
16-7 
Hi -4 
16 C 
15-C 
15-1 
14 4 

m 


H.M. 

19 40 
20 15 
20 49 
21 24 
22 3 
22 50 
23 49 
12 34 
14 3 
15 10 
16 13 
17 7 
17 52 
18 35 
19 17 
19 58 
21) 38 
21 19 
22 2 
22 50 
23 44 
12 24 
13 32 
14 40 
15 42 
16 35 
17 21 
! 18 2 
1 18 37 
19 10 
19 42 


F t. 
13-9 
14-1 
14-5 
14 9 
15-3 
15-4 
15 4 
14-1 
13-5 
13-4 
113-5 
13 7 
13 8 
13 8 
13 9 
14 
14-2 
U &lt; 

14 7 
14-6 
12i 

12 : 

12 6 
13 ! 

13" 
14 ] 
14 ( 


H.M. 

1 46 
2 25 
3 3 
3 40 
4 18 
4 58 
5 44 
6 51 
8 10 
9 28 
10 38 
11 39 

6 29 
1 20 
2 9 
2 56 
3 41 
4 25 
5 12 
6 2 
6 56 
7 56 
9 9 
I 10 22 
11 19 

36 
1 19 
&gt; 2 


I t 
3 2 

3 
2 8 
27 
2-6 
2-8 
3-2 
3-4 
3 2 
2-6 
1-8 

2 V 
1-6 
1-4 

17 
2-0 
2-4 
3 
3 6 
3-8 
3-8 
3 3 
2 6 

2 7 
2-5 


H.M. 

14 30 
15 6 
15 40 
16 13 
16 45 
17 20 
18 8 
19 14 
20 21 
21 28 
22 34 
23 34 
12 34 
13 24 
14 10 
14 53 
15 33 
16 12 
16 50 
17 29 
18 12 
19 
20 2 
21 9 
22 9 
23 3 

[ ll49 
13 27 
14 2 
14 36 


F t. 
2 4 

2 6 
2 6 
2 5 
2 6 
2 8 
3-0 
3 2 
3-2 
2-8 
2 4 
1-2 
! 0-8 
8 
9 

2-0 
2 
2 5 
3-0 
3-5 
3 9 
4 
3 8 
3 4 

Ul 
1-9 

17 


! 13 9 
&gt; 14 14 
, 15 14 
16 9 
! 16 58 
i 17 43 
! 18 24 
! 19 3 


13 5 
13 3 
13-4 
13 7 
13-9 
14 
13 9 
13-9 


6 45 
1 53 
2 56 
3 51 
4 39 
5 23 
6 3 
6 39 
7 13 


14 
14- 
14 J 
15 5 

i,y. 

16M 

16 ] 



The TIME used is Eastern Standard, for the 75th meridian ; or five hours slower than Greenwich Mean Time. 
It is counted from to 24 hours, from midnight to midnight. 

The HEIGHT is measured from the level of low water at Ordinary Spring Tides ; that is, from the same datum. 
as used for the Admiralty Chart of Quebec Harbour. 



1897] 



TIDE TABLES, QUEBEC. 



39 



TIDE TABLES, QUEBEC-Continued. 



AUGUST. 


SEPTEMBER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


&lt;D 




Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


o5 




Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. Afternoon. 


a 


S 

a 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


Ht. 




& 
P 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


Ht. 


Time. 


H t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t 


H. M. 


F t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t, 


1 


Su. 


7 47 


16-3 


20 15 


15 2 


2 38 




15 9 


T6 


1 


W. 


8 44 


15 6 


20 57 17-2 


3 34 


0-9 


15 48 


TO 


2 


M. 8 23 16-4&lt; 20 50 


15-8 


3 15 


T6 


15 42 


T5 


2 


Th. 


9 30 


14-8 


21 44 16 9 


4 20 


T2 


16 31 


T3 


3 


Tu. 94 16 0| 21 28 


16-2 


3 54 


T4 


16 16 


T4 


31 F. 


10 26 


13-7 


22 40 16 2 


5 11 


T8 


17 20 


T9 


1 


W. . 9 51 15-4 22 15 


16-2 


4 36 


Tfi 


16 54 


T6 


4 Sa. 


11 34 


12 5 


23 46 15 2 


6 12 


2-6 


18 17 


27 




Th 10 50 14 3 93 V* 


15 8 


5 26 


2 


17 QO 


2 


5l Su. 






13 1 117 


7 22 


31 


19 26 


3"3 


6 


F 


12 6 




6 31 


2-6 


18 37 


2-6 


6 M. 


1 14 


14 5 


14 33 1T6 


8 39 


31 


20 45 


3 4 


7 


Sa. 


27 15-4 


13 28 


12-3 


7 42 


3-0 


19 46 




7 Tu. 


2 42 14 4 


15 40 12 3 


10 


2 5 


21 57 




- 


Su. 


1 44 15 1 


14 50 12-1 


8 58 


3-0 


21 4 


3-2 


8 W. 


3 49 J14-8 


16 33 13 1 


11 3 


T6 


23 2 


2 


9 


M. i 257 15-2 


16 2 


12-4 


10 16 


2 4 


22 15 




9| Th. 


4 41 15-1 


17 18 13-9 


11 54 


TO 


23 58 


T3 


LO 


Tu. 4 2 15-6 


16 56 


13-11 


11 23 


T5 


23 14 


2-0 


10 F. 


5 27 15-3 17 57 14 5 






12 40 


6 


LI 


W 


4 58 15-8 17 41 


13-4 






12 18 


0-8 


11 


Sa. 


6 9 IS 3 1 18 33 l.VO 


46 


o -a 


13 21 


6 


12 


Th. 


5 46 15 9 18 20 


i.rs 


9 


T4 


13 2 


0-4 


12 Su. 


6 48 15 2 


19 7 15-5 


1 30 


O fi 


13 57 


0-8 


13 


F. 


6 28 15-8! 18 57 


14 2 


1 


TO 


13 42 


0-4 


13 M. 


7 26 15-0 


19 40 15-9 


2 12 


0-6 


14 32 


11 


i i 


Sa. 


7 7 


15-6 19 33 


14-5 


1 48 


0-8 


14 20 


0-6 


14 Tu. 


8 3 14 7 


20 14 


16 1 


2 54 


0-8 


15 8 


T4 


15 


Su. 


7 44 


15-4! 20 9 


14 9 


2 32 


0-8 


14 57 


0-8 


15 W. 


8 42 14-4 


20 51 


16 2 


3 37 


T2 


15 45 


T8 


16 


M. 8 23 15-0 


20 45 


15 2 


3 13 9 


15 35 


11 


16 Th. 


9 25 13 9 


21 33 


16-0 


4 21 


T9 


16 23 




17 


Tu. 


9 5 14-6 


21 23 


15 4 


3 56 


T3 


16 15 


1-5 


17 


F. 


10 15 13-1 


22 21 


15 fi 


5 6 


2-6 


17 4 


2 9 


- 


W. 


9 52 


14-U 


22 5 


15 4 


4 42 


1-8 


16 56 




L8 


Sa. 


11 15 12-4 


23 20 


14-8 


5 55 


3-3 


17 50 


3 6 


I . 


Th. 


10 44 


13 2 


22 53 


15-0 


5 30 




17 39 


2 6 


19 


Su. 






12 25 


1T7 


6 51 


3-9 


18 42 




20 


F. 


11 44 


12-4 






6 22 


3 ?, 


18 26 


3-3 


20 


M. 


28 


ii-i 


13 37 


11 5 


7 52 




19 50 


4 6 


2] 


Sa. 





14-4 


13 2 


117 


7 26 


3-7 


19 22 


3 9 


21 


Tu. 


1 40 13 9 


14 44 


1T9 


9 3 


4-0 


20 58 


4 5 


22 


Su. 


1 10 


14 


14 16 


1T6 


8 38 


3-8 


20 32 4 2 


22 W. 


2 51 14-1 


15 46 12 7 


10 9 


3 5 


22 


3-8 


23 


M. 


2 20 


14 1 


15 21 


11-9 


9 49 




21 40 I O 


23 Th. 


3 48 14-6 


16 33 13-6 


11 5 


2-9 


22 56 




_; 


Tu. 


3 23 


14-4 


16 15 


12-5 


10 50 


2 9 


22 40 


3 5 


24 


F. 


4 34 !l5 2 


17 10 il4 4 


11 46 




23 46 


2 4 


25 


W. 


4 17 


14-9 


17 


13 1 


11 40 


2 3 


23 32 


9,-9 


25 


Sa. 


5 14 


15-6 


17 42 15 3 






12 21 


2 


26 


Th. 


5 3 


15-3 


17 38 


13-7 






12 18 


T9 


26 


Su. 


5 52 


15 8 


18 13 |16 1 


34 


TS 


12 55 


11 


-. 


F. 


5 41 


15-6 


18 10 


14-2 


16 


fl 4 


12 52 


17 


27 


M. 


6 29 15 9 


18 45 16 8 


1 20 


T3 


13 29 


T5 


28 


Sa. 


6 16 


15 9 


18 40 


14-8 


56 




13 25 


T6 


28 


Tu. 


7 7 -15 8 


19 19 17-5 


2 3 


TO 


14 4 


T3 


29 


Su. 


6 51 


16-0 


19 10 


15-6 


1 35 


T5 


13 59 


T4 


29 


W. 


7 46 15 6 


19 56 |17 8 


2 43 O S 


14 42 


1-9 


30 


M. 


7 27 


16 1 


1942 


16-3 


2 13 


T2 


14 33 


T2 


30 Th. 


8 28 15-0 


20 37 17 8 


3 25 I O 


15 23 


T4 


31 


Tu. 


8 4 


16 


20 17 


16-91 


2 52 


I O 


15 9 


11 






1 


1 






OCTOBER 






NOVEMBER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 






HIGH WATER. 


Low WATER. 


. 




Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 






Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 


Forenoon. 


Afternoon. 














- 












Q 


i 

a 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H. 1. 1 


Time. I H t 


Time. 


H t. 


d 
- 




Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 


Time. 


H t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. F t. 


H. M. 


F t. 






H. M. 


F t. 


H. M. 


F t 


H. M. 


F t 


H. M. 


F t 


i 


F. 


9 15 


14 2 


21 22 


17 3 


4 11 


1-4 


16 10 


1-8 


1 


M. 


11 12-5 


23 4 


15-0 


5 46 


2 6 


17 49 




2 


Su. 


10 8 


U 2 


22 13 


16 3 


5 2 


2 


17 3 2-4 


2 


Tu 






12 27 




6 46 




18 56 


O.-7 


3 


Su. 


11 22 


12-3 


23 28 


15 3 


6 5 27 


18 8 


3 1 


3 


W. 


28 


14-0 


13 39 


12-5 


7 50 


3 3 


20 6 


3 8 


5 


M. 
Tu. 


6 59 


14 : 2 


12 50 
14 12 


117 
1T9 


7 16 3 2 
8 25 3 3 


19 18 
20 26 


37 
3-8 


4 Th. 
5 F. 


1 52 13 7 
3 2 13-8 


14 43 

15 34 


13 2 
14-2 


8 53 
9 51 


3 2 

9, -a 


21 16 

22 22 


3 4 

9-8 


6 


W. 


2 24 


14 


15 17 


12 8 


9 30 2 9 


21 33 3 2 


6! Sa. 


3 55 


14 1 


16 18 


15-2 


10 41 


9-4 


23 18 




3 

8 


Th. 
P. 


3 23 J14 3 
4 16 14-6 


16 8 
16 51 


13 "/ 
14-6 


10 29 
11 19 


2 2 
17 


22 38 
23 36 


2-4 
1-6 


7 Su. 
8 M. 


4 42 14 3 
5 24 14 5 


16 58 
17 36 


15-9 
16-5 


11 26 
6 


T5 


12 16 


9-0 


9 

in 
11 


Sa. 
Su. 
M. 


5 4 

5 46 

6 26 


14 9 
15 -0 
14 9 


17 29 15 4 
18 4 16 

18 38 16-4 


6 26 
1 11 


ID 

9 


12 3 
12 42 
13 19 


T3 
1-3 
1-4 


9 

in 
11 


Tu. 
W. 

Th. 


6 4 14-4 18 13 
6 43 14-3! 18 49 
7 23 14-1 19 24 


16 8 
17 
16-9 


52 
1 36 
2 18 


1 2 
T5 


12 53 
13 35 
14 16 


2-0 
2-2 
8 5 


L2 
L3 


Tu. 
W. 


7 5 14 S 19 11 !16 7 
7 43 14 4 19 46 16 8 


1 53 
2 33 


TO 
T2 


13 57 
14 36 


11 

2-0 


12 

13 


F. 

Sa. 


8 3 (13-8 20 1 16-8 
8 44 113-41 20 40 16 5 


2 58 
3 38 


1-8 


14 56 
15 35 


2-8 


1 1 
15 
L6 
H 
18 


Th. 

"El 

Sa. 
Su. 
M. 


8 22 
9 3 
9 48 
10 40 
11 42 


11 1 
13-7 
13 2 
12-6 
12-2 


20 23 ;i6 8 
21 3 J16-5 
21 48 il5 9 : 
22 38 J15 2 
23 36 14 4 


3 14 
3 57 
4 42 
5 29 
6 19 


21 
27 
3 3 
3-8 


15 16 
15 57 
16 39 
17 23 
18 10 


2 4 
2-8 
3-3 
3-8 
4-4 


1 l 

i:, 

L7 
L8 


Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 

Th. 


9 27 
10 14 
11 8 

6 15 


13 2 
12-9 
12-7 

14 : 3 


21 22 
22 10 
23 6 
12 12 
13 19 


161 
15-6&gt; 

14-8J 
12 8 
131 


4 19 
5 1 
5 44 
6 30 

7 20 


2 6 
3-0 
3 4 
3 8 


16 15 
16 56 
17 41 
18 32 
19 32 


3-4 
37 
4-0 
4 2 
4-9 


19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
P. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 


i 2 

2 17 
3 14 
4 1 
4 45 

5 27 
6 7 
6 47 
7 28 
8 11 
8 57 
9 53 


14-0 
W2 
14-5 
15-0 
15 4 
15-6 
15 6 
15 4 
15 
14 4 
13 8 
13 


13 
14 10 
15 6 
15 51 
16 31 
17 8 
17 43 
18 17 
18 54 
19 35 
20 20 
21 9 
22 2 


12 4 
13 2 
14-3 
15-4 1 
16-3 
17-2 
17 8 
18-2 
18-2 
17-9 
17-2 
16-2 


7 13 
8 14 
9 11 
10 3 
10 51 
11 35 
6 
53 
1 38 
2 23 
i 3 10 
3 59 
1 4 50 


4 2 
4 3 
3 9 
3 4 

2 8 

T8 

11 
I O 

1.5 

2-0 


19 9 
20 15 
21 21 
22 21 
23 16 

12 17 
12 57 
13 38 
14 21 
15 7 
15 57 
16 51 


4-7 
4-6 
4-1 
3-3 
2-5 

2 b 
17 

T6 

T8 
2-1 
2-6 


ra 

20 
21 
22 
23 

^ 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 
W. 
Th. 
F. 
Sa. 
Su. 
M. 
Tu. 


1 28 
2 36 
3 34 
4 25 
5 9 
5 50 
6 32 
7 16 
8 3 
8 53 
9 46 
10 44 


14-0 
14-2 
14-5 
14-8 
14-9 
14-8 
14-5 
14-2 
13 8 
13 4 

12 8 


14 20 
15 8 
15 51 
16 32 
17 12 
17 53 
18 36 
19 20 
20 6 
20 55 
21 48 
22 47 


13 8 
14-8 
15-91 
16-8 
17-5 
17-9 
18 
17 8 
17-4 
16 6 
15-7 
14-7 


8 16 
9 13 
10 9 
10 59 
11 46 
31 
1 21 
2 10 
2 58 
3 46 
4 35 
525 


3 8 
34 
3 
2 4 
2-0 
13 
TO 
8 
I O 
T3 

2-0 


20 40 
21 48 
22 49 
23 41 

12 33 
13 21 
14 9 
14 58 
15 48 
16 39 
17 32 


4-0 
3 4 

2 6 

1-8 
1-6 
T6 
17 
2-0 
2 3 
2 8 



The TIME used is Eastern Standard, for the 75th meridian ; or five hours slower than Greenwich Mean Time 
anted from to 24 hours, from midnight to inidni-nt. 

The HEIGHT is measured from the level of low water at Ordinary Spring Tides ; that is, from the same datum 
as used for the Admiralty Chart of Quebec Harbour. 



40 



METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. 



[1891 



GENERAL METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR 1895. MAGNETICAL OBSERVATORY, TORONTO, ONTARIO. ,, 

Latitude 43 39 4 N. Longitude 5h. 17rn. 34 65. Elevation above Lake Ontario, 108 feet Elevation above the Sea, 35&lt; 


a 

00 

I-H 


C&gt;4 CM O 

O JO O 


: ; 

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CO CO 
rH &lt;N -SJH *M &lt;N 

CO i-H CO CO t- 

co o TO !- &lt;n 

S+ii^- 1 


X rH 


CO 
t^ IO 
CN 
CO 
O-* 


C-l rH 

cpo 

00 


f* O CS 
"* rH OS 


l-Hi~CS 
. . rH 
CO * rH 
CO _^_ 


CO CS 
CM 

71 m m 

1C rH 


OS X 

10 CO 

II 


l&gt;- CO 
X 

rH 


I-H CO 


CO CO 

CS ^ 

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+ 1 1 


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1C 
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iC O 1 

to o co Cc i~- 

CS i O 00 rH 
(M "TCO CO 


1C CM 

1 


r- 

CO 
CO 

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OS C-l 

&gt;0 

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l&gt; CO CO 

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CO CO 

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CO O rH 
CM | 


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o t 
i&gt;- o m i 


CO O 

CS CO 


X&lt;M 

rH i-H 
CM 


2S 


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_\ 


rH C-l CO CO 1^ 
OS TS rH CO 


l-H 


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CO ** Ttl 


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CO I-H 1C -^ ! H 
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OS j_O 00 rH 
CO T CO CO 


t- O 


t- 10 

CO 
CO 

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r-0 

cc o 
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m js 

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CM CO 

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ss 


CO C 
CO CS 
l-H 


28 


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00 


CO I- CS 
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CS rH CO 1 -* 

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1 


CM CO 

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"CO O t~ CO t- I-H t- CO 
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CS 
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CO CO 

T* 1C CO 1C rH 
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CO O iC O * 

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l- 

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in CM 


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CS 
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cocS"" 


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CS O CS rH 
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CO 


SCO t-- "* 7-1 fM 
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co cs cc in i- ic 7-1 co 

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CS i O CS O 
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CS _[_ Ct Ct O 
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po c. 7-1 O 7-1 


6- 


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l-H 10 


=5+^=5^ 


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1 rH r- CS I CO 

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170 rH ^f &gt;C CO r^ rH C-l 


T-H i 

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1 - * 


rf 

O OS 


2 

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7 


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I-H CO 


ca 

W 


1C -* L 


^ ^ OS rH OO 


^ 
1C 

S 


r? OS CO CO 

o t -^ co 
5 c: i- co 

I O CO i--* 
1 CO 71 


l-H O 

00 


O 1C 

1 


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b 


f CC Cl 

--* ^ 9 

l~- 10 00 


J. 

1 i 


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7 


rH 

1 


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rH 


OC 


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l-H CM 


CO 10 t 
rH 


:5SSc^rHg 


4 


CO C-l JO CO -f GO ^ 


i t 

-j- ic c; r-i x 
co x ic r- X 

1C O rH i-- CO 

OS ! O X i-( 


CO O 
00 


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rH 


CM C-l 

o 


r^ 1C O 

&lt;M rH 

00 
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! CO 


!!* 


10 00 rH 

CO rH 


rH OS 
rH 


rH 
1-H 


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rH r 
1 


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- -! :! 

] 1 




; ; 




Average height of bar. at 32 Fah .... 
Difference from average (54 years). . 
Highest barometer 
Lowest barometer 
Monthly and annual ranges 


Average humidity of the air 
Difference from average 


Average elasticity of aqueo&lt;is vapour. 
Average temperature of dew point . . 


Average of cloudiness 
Difference from average (41 years). 




Resultant direction of wind 
Resultant velocity of wind 
Average velocity (miles per hour). . . . 


Total amount of rain in inches 
Difference from average (55 years).. 
*Number of davs of rain 


Total amount of snow in inches 
Difference from average (55 years).. 
* Number of days of snow 


Number of fair days 
Number of days completely clouded.. 


Number of auroras observed 
Possible to see aurora (No. of nights 


Number of thunderstorms 
Number of fogs 


Number of hours of bright sunshine. 
Number of hours of possible sunshine 


Average temperature 
Difference from average (55 years 
Tbermic anomaly (Lat 43 40 ). . 
Highest temperature 
Lowest temperature 
Monthly and annual ranges 
Average maximum temperature 
Average minimum temperature. 
Average daily range 
Greatest daily range 



1897] 



METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. 



41 



TEMPERATURE. 


WIND. 




1895. 


Ext 




mot; Average 
95&gt; 17 Years 


Extremes. 


Average tempera 
ture of the year. 

Wannest month . . 
Aver. temp, of the 
warmest month . 
Coldest month .... 
Aver. temp, of the 
coldest month . . 
Diff. betw. temp, 
of the warmest & 
coldest month . . 
Aver, of deviations 
of monthly means 
Month of greatest 
deviation . 


44-28 
June 

67-90 
Feb. 

16-85 

51-05 

2-85 
Feb. 

:V74 
June 2 

80-90 
6 Feb. 

10-77 
May 30 

93-4 

Feb. 6 

21-2 
114.6 


44-20 
July 

67-64 
Jan. 

22-44 

45-20 
2-71 
Jan. 
4-11 

77-73 

2-08 
90-92 

12-12 
103-04 


47-09 

in 1878 
July, 68 

75-80 
Feb., 75 

10-16 

3-62 

Feb., 75 

12-53 
July 14, 
1868 
84-50 
Feb. 6, 
1855 
Jan. 22, 
1859 
14-33 
Aug. 24, 
1854 
99"2 
Jan. 10, 
1859 
26-5 
118-2 


40-77 
in 1873 
Aug., 60 

6446 
Feb., 48 

26-00 

July 31, 

1844 
72-75 

Dec. 22, 
1842 

9 57 
Aug. 19, 
1840 
82-4 
Jan. 2, 
1842 
1-9 
87-0 


Resultant direct n 
Resultant velocity 
in miles 


S. 78 W 
1-36 
5-60 
Jan. 
8-10 
Aug. 
2-72 
Jan. 27 
40-87 
Aug. 9 

0-67 

Dec. 31 
8-9 a.m. 

64-0 


N. 61 W 
2-51 
9-64 
March 
11-49 
July 
7 56 

28-98 


10-54 
in 1880 
Apr., 80 

13-88 
July, 78 
5-93 

Nov. 17, 
1870 
41-67 


8-32 
in 1878 
Dec., 75 

10-42 
July, 81 
8-43 

Feb. 10, 

1885 
22-79 


Av. velocity with 
out reg. to direc. 
Month of greatest 
average velocity 
Greatest monthly 
average velocity 
Month of least av. 
velocity 


Least month!} av. 
velocity 


Day of greatest av. 
velocity 


Greatest daily av. 

velocitv . 


Correspond magni 
tude of deviation 
Wannest day 


Day of least aver. 
velocitv 


Aver. temp, of the 
warmest day .... 

Coldest day 


Least daily aver. 


Hour of greatest 
absolute velocity 

Greatest velocity . . 


I 

45-67 


April 20 
1893 
8-9 a.m. 
60-0 


Jan. 17, 
1885 
10-llam 
39-0 


Av. temp, of cold, d 
Date highest temp. 

Highest temperat. 
Date lowest temp. 

Lowest temperat . . 
Range of the year. 




RAIN. 


1895. 


Average 
55 Years 


Extremes. 


BAROMETER. 


Total depth of rain 
in inches 


22-531 
113 

Nov. 
4-055 

July 
14 

Nov. 25 
i-180 


27-404 
114 

Sept. 
3-290 

Oct. 
13 

1-937 


43-555 
in 1843 
145 in 90 

Sep., 43 
9-760 

Jan., 69 
Oct., 90 

23 

Sep., 14, 
1843 
3-455 


17-574 
in 1874 
80 in 41 

June, 87 
2-655 

May, 41 
11 

Sept. 14, 
1848 
1-000 


Number of days on 
which rain fell . . 
Month in which the 
greatest depth of 




1895. 


Average 

54 Years 


Extremes. 


Aver. pres. of year 

Month high. av. p. 
Highest mon. av.p. 
Month lowest av. p. 
Lowest mon. av. p. 
Date of the highest 
pressure in year. 
Highest pressure. . 
Date of lowest pres 
sure in the year. 
Lowest pressure . . 
Range of the year. 


29-6171 

Nov. 

29-7202 
Aug, 
29-5422 

11 April 

30-240 

21 Feb. 

28-746 
1-494 


29-6190 

Sept. 
29-6671 
June 
29-569(5 

30-365 

28-697 
1-668 


29-6779 
in 1849 
Jan., 49 
29-8046 
Mar., 59 
29-4143 
Jan. 8, 
1866 
30-940 
Jan. 2, 
1877 
28-166 
2-240 
in 1893 


29-5602 
in 1864 
June, 64 
29-6525 
Nov., 59 
29-5886 
Mar. 7, 
1878 
30-139 
June 2, 
1894 
29-035 
1-303 
in 1845 


Greatest depth of 
rain in one month 
Month in which the 
days of rain were 
most frequent . . 
Greatest riumberof 
rainy days in one 
month 


Day in which the 
greatest amount 
of rain fell 


Greatest amount of 
rain in one day. 


SNOW. 


RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 




1HQ1 Average 
l95 1 54 Years 


Extremes. 




1895. 


Average! Fvt rpmpq 
52 Years 


Av. humid, of year 
Month of greatest 
humiditv . 


75 

Dec. 
84 
Apr, Jne 

& July 
67 


77 

Jan. 

83 

} May 

70 


82 in 51 

Jan., 57 
89 

Feb., 43 

58 


73 in 58 

Dec., 58 

81 

Apr., 49 
76 


Total depth of snow 
in inches 


54-8 
76 

Jan. 

35-8 

Jan. 
20 

18 Jan. 
10-5 


68-5 
66 

Jan. 

17-0 

Jan. 
15 

....{ 

8-9 


122-9 
in 1870 
87 in 59 

Mar. , 70 
62-4 

Dec., 72 

24 
Feb. 5, 
1863 
Mar. 27, 
1870 
16 


34-6 
in 1888 
33 in 48 

Dec., 51 
10-7 

Feb., 48 

8 

4-6 Jan. 

1888 

3-0 


Number of days in 
which snow fell. 
Month in which the 
greatest depth of 
snow fell 


Gr st. av. mon. hu. 
Mon. of least hu. -j 
Least av. mon. hu. 


Greatest depth of 
snowinonenion. 
Month in which the 
daysof snow were 
most frequent . . 
Greatest number of 
days of snow in 
one month 


EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED. 




1895. 


Average 
42 Years 


Extreme?. 


Av. cloud, of year. 

Most cloudy month 
G st monthly aver. 
Least cloudy mon. 
Least mon thl v av. 


0-57 

Dec. 

0-80 
June 

0-38 


P-61 

Dec. 
076 
July 

0-49 


0-66 in 

69, 76 

0-89 

0-29 


0-57 
in 1856 

0-73 
6.50 


Day in which the 
greatest amount 
of snow fell 


Gr test fall of snow 
in one dav. . 



42 



AREA AND POPULATION. 



[1897 



AREA AND POPULATION. 

DOMINION OF CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND, ETC. 



PROVISOES, DISTRICTS, TERRITORIES. 


Entered Confederation . 
or Organized. 


SQUARE MILES. 


Popnlat n 
Census 
1891. 


Land. 


Water. 


Total. 


Manitoba Province 


Entered Confederation 1870. 
Organized 1882 ". 


65,000 
101,400 
89,650 
859,600 
103,300 
105,850 
382,300 
219,650 
28,100 
20,550 
2,000 
227,500 
352,300 
300,000 
267,000 

194,300 


9,000 

7,000 
550 
46,400 
1,200 
250 
1,000 
2,350 
100 
50 


74,000 
108,400 
90,200 
906,000 
104,500 
106,100 
383,300 
222,000 
28,200 
20,600 
2,000 
228,900 
358,000 
300,000 
282,000 

196,800 
47,400 


152,506 

^ 

V 98,967 

98,173 
2,114,321 
321,263 
450,396 
109,078 
1,488,535 
Unknown 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 






Do. 








Organized, 1882 




Do. 




Entered Confederation 1871 . 
Entered Confederation 1867. 
Do. 
Do. 
Entered Confederation 1873. 
Entered Confederation 1867 . 












1,400 
5,700 




Islands in Arctic Ocean & Hudson s Bay 




Organized 1876 


15,000 
2,500 

47,400 


Territory east of Keewatin and south of 




Great Lakes and River St. Lawrence ease 

to Long. 06, and portions within United 




Totals 








3,318,500 


139,900 


3,458,400 

40,000 
42,734 


4,833,239 

4,000 
187,411 
10,000 

5,034,650 










Do. French Shore, from Cape I 
NOTE. The population of the Doni 
foundland, is estimated to be now 5,083,- 


lay to Cape St. John sav 


inion of Canada, exclusive of Labrador and New- 
124. 



here g 



THE UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH POSSESSIONS. 

For the purpose of comparison, the areas of other portions of the British Empire and foreign countries are 
j given. For convenience, the population and density of population are also given. 



COLONY. 




Area in 
Square 
Miles. 


Popula 
tion. 


Per 
sons 
o the 
Squ re 
Mile. 


COLONY. 


Area in 
Square 
Miles. 


Popula 
tion. 


Per 
sons 
;o the 
Squ re 
Mile. 


Europe 


120,979 
2 
119 


39,134,166 
20,416 
168,105 


323 
10,208 
1,413 


America 


20 
3,456,383 
7,500 
109,000 
7,562 
162,200 
4,466 
4,424 
166 
701 
784 
1,868 


15,640 
5,083,424 
1,900 
289,900 
32,900 
207,000 
50,700 
686,200 
186,000 
127,800 
146,800 
243,000 


782 
1 4 
0-2 

3 

4 
1 
11 

155 
1,120 

182 
188 
130 




Canada 


Mal^a and Gozo 


Falkland Is. & S. Georgia. 




121,100 


39,322,687 


325 


British Honduras 




Newfoundl d & Labrador . 
West Indies, Bahamas . . . 
.lainaica and Turk s Is ... 


British India 


1,0(58,314 
731,944 


221,172,952 
66,050,479 


207 
90 






1,800,258 


287,223,431 


160 


Leeward Islands 


Asia 
Aden and Perim 


Windward Islands 


80 
25,365 
29 
30 
1,472 


41,910 
3,008,466 
221,441 
5,853 
540,000 


524 
119 
7,636 
195 
367 


Trinidad and Tobago 
Total America 


Ceylon 
Hong Kong 


3,755,074 


7,071,264 


2. 


Labuan 


Australasia 
Fiii 


8,045 
88,460 
310,700 
104,471 
668,497 
903,690 
26,385 
87,884 
975,876 


121,900 
350, 000 
1,251,500 
686,100 
445,200 
348,000 
157,500 
1,179,000 
82,100 


15 
4 
4 
6 
0-65 
0-38 
6 
18 
0-08 




&gt; \e\v (iiiiana 


26,976 


3,817,670 


141 


New South Wales 








35 
10,293 
202,000 
705 
20,460 
47 

2,700 
15,000 
1,071 
15,000 


140 
218,900 
1,772,000 
376,220 
544,000 
3,900 

13,060 
1,500,000 

100,000 

74,900 


1 
21 
6 
584 

27 
83 

5 

100 
93 

fj 


Queensland 




South Australia 




Tasmania 




Victoria 


Natal 


Western Australia 


St. Helena 
West African Colonies 


Total Australasia .... 


3,174,008 


4,621,300 


1-04 


Protectorates 
Asia 


120,400 
2,120,000 


1,200.000 
35,000,000 
10,000 


18 
16 


rf^nlH Pnact 


Africa 


Lagos 


Pacific 




Total Protectorate*. . 
Total British Empire. 


2.240,400 


36,210,000 


16 




357,311 


4,603,120 


13 


Total African 


1 11, 475,127 


382,869,319 


88 



Every race and every religion are represented in the British Empire, 
there are about 50,000,000. There are 54,865,000 Christians; 83,283,000 Mohammedans; 232,646,000 Buddhists. 
Hindus and Confucians, and 31.570,000 heathen in the Empire." Ravenstein makes the population of the Eraplr 
over 402 000,000. The figures in this table, with exception of Canada, are from the Statesman s Year-K 



1897] 



COMMERCE SUMMARY BY PROVINCES. 



43 



COMMERCE, DOMINION OF CANADA. 

Statistical View of the Commerce of the Dominion of Canada during fiscal year ending 30th June, 1895. 



COMMERCE. 



SHIPPING. 



COUNTRIES. 


Exports. 


Ent d for 

Consump 
tion. 


Duty. 


Tonnage of British 
und Canadian Vessels. 


Tonnage of Foreign 
Vessels. 


Total. 


Entered 
Inwards. 


Entered 

Outwards. 


Entered 
Inwards. 


Entered 

Outwards. 


British Empire, viz. : 
Great Britain .... 
British E. Indies . . 
British Guiana . . . 
British Honduras. 
Bri. Poss. in Africa 
British \V. Indies . 


1 

61,856,990 
4,132 
346,430 
1,923 
72,910 
1,857,017 
2,027 
417,124 
.5,7(50 
12,903 
1,837,990 
11,143 


$ 
31,131,737 
319,033 
162,176 


$ c. 
7,006,676 58 
67,318 23 
68,744 74 


Tons. 

N 

-3,117,561 


Tons. 
2,930,687 


Tons. 
2,458,096 


Tons. 
2,470,485 

1 


Total of Sea-going vessels Inwards 5,575,657 
Total of Sea-going vessels Outwards 5,401,172 
Vessels of the Inland Waters l&gt;etween Ontario, Quebec and the U. S. . . 8,124,134 g 

Grand Total, Inwards and Outwards, Exclusive of coasting vessels 19,100,963 


95,843) 2-2 60 
1,244,384 101,056 00! 


Australia 


113,242 


7,248 29 


Gibraltar 


Hong Kong . . 


2,377 
739,850 


754 70 
1,053 95 


Newfoundland. . . . 

New Zealand 


Total Brit. Empire . . 
Argentine Republic. 
Austria 






66,426,355 
502,520 


33,808,642 
23,604 
172,398 
441,617 

91,548 


7,252,875 09 


55,558 85 
93,303 46 
5 22 


Belgium 


251,402 
612,639 
64,509 
115,133 
367,853 
16,345 


Brazil 


Gen. Am n States . . . 
Chili 







Ohina 


960,856 
4,848 
361,113 
2,585,174 
244 
4,794,159 
77,352 
15 
243,900 
381,594 
1,567,558 
319 
51 
43,511 
173 
57.140 
4,635 
4,118 
13,829 
402,479 
423,792 
139,102 
54,634,521 


162,891 41 
419 00 
29 65 
985,945 87 
206 07 
892,847 04 
37,648 01 


Denmark 


Dutch East Indies. 


France 


335,282 


French Poss., Africa. 
Germany 


626,976 
87 
200,167 
140,264 
34,325 
10,307 
12,525 
48,026 
65,551 
9,434 
58,781 
42,967 
209,114 
46,017 
34,101 
15,810 


Greece 


Hayti 


Holland 


755,251 48 
46,697 12 
67,999 00 
174 47 
7 65 
6,609 08 
36 85 
24,361 92 
307 35 
1,845 00 
207 03 
184,788 45 
18,695 39 
31,887 23 
6,897,395 04 


Italy 


Japan 


Madeira 


Mexico 


Norway and Sweden. 
Peru 


Portugal 


Russia 


St. Pierre 


Sandwich Islands . . . 
Spain 


Spanish Possessions . 
Turkey 


United States . . . 


34,164,567 
19,202 
44,455 
47,401 
18,139 
1,453,368 
91 
19,681 


U. S. of Colombia . . 
Uruguay 






W. Indies Danish. . 
do. French . 
do. Spanish . 
Venezuela 


11,714 
4,475 
3,531,292 
191,671 

275,067 


642 40 

108 37 
279,108 98 


Other Countries 

Total all other Coun. 
Coin and Bullion . . . 
Estimated amount 
short 


75,193 34 




es given in this table show the 
he shipping which arrived at and 
ious ports in the Dominion during 
th June, 1895. The total shows a 
ear of 1,000,000 tons. The number 
89, manned by a crew of 815,616 
itv of freight carried was 5,391,358 
135,914 tons measurement. 


39,587,039 
4,325,319 

3,300,090 


71,443,869 


10,619,870 73 


registered tons of 1 
cleared from the va 
the year ending 30 
decrease from last j 
of vessels was 60,2 
men, and the quan 
, tons weight, and 2,J 






Additional Duties 




14,523 65 

17,887,269 47 


Grand totals 


113,638,803 105,252,51 1 



No. 2. SUMMARY BY PROVINCES DURINC THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING 30th JUNE, 1895. 



PROVINCES. 


Total 
Exports. 


Total 
Imports. 


Entered for 
Consumption. 


Duty. 


Ontario 


si:; 096 181 


41 9 97 141 


vjn *.(;} (:QJ 


^7 l w&gt; 8 74Q 04 


Quebec 


50 601 504 


48 46 282 


4 j 6 9 033 


6 &lt;)(}y 9^ 03 


Nova Scotia 


11 7 - 3 534 


9 270 414 


8 991 559 


1 160 101 08 


New Brunswick 


6 36 8 657 


4 503 7 5 


4 5 ? 8 564 


942 S10 40 


Manitoba . . . 


1 611 003 


2 191 710 


9 1QO ^7O 


ivj. or.i KO 


British Columbia 


9 121 098 


4 379 611 


4 366 0^2 


1 ncq fjqi 1 ^ 


Prince Edward Island. 


1 039 4 ). 5 


524 133 


530 713 


i Qft i -? 7 r; 


North-west Territories 


77 333 


153 366 


153 366 


1 3 AKi t^O 












Totals . . 


Sll 3.638.803 


S110.781.682 


.siof) .&gt;:&gt;&gt; 511 


S17.SS7 9fiQ d.7 



44 



CONSOLIDATED FUND PUBLIC DEBT. 



[1897 



RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS, CANADA. 

Statement of the Receipts and Payments from the Consolidated Fund for the year ending 30th June, 1895. 

The receipts from the sources of the ordinary revenue of the country are paid into what is called the Con 
solidated Fund, and payments therefrom are made to cover the ordinary expenses. These receipts and payments, 
therefore, constitute what may be considered as the regular income and expenditure of the country ; receipts 
from and expenditure out of loans and all other extraordinary transactions being excluded. 



RECEIPTS. 



Customs 817,585,741 00 

do Chinese Immigration 54,725 00 



Excise $ 7,706,086 12 

do methylated spirits.. 99,64659 



Post Office 

Public Works 

Minor Public Works 

Railways 

Canals 

Interest on Investments 

Patent Fees 

Casual 

Ordnance Lands 

Fines and Forfeitures 

Premium, Discount arid Exchange . . . 

Mariners Fund 

Electric Light Inspection 

Steamboat Inspection 

Gas Inspection 

Weights and Measures 

Cullers Fees 

Law Stamps 

Penitentiaries 

Insurance Inspection 

Fisheries 

Modus Vivendi 

" Canada Gazette " 

Superannuation Fund 

Lighthouse and Coast Service 

Dominion Steamers 

Military College 

Militia 

Civil Service Examination Fees 

Supreme and Exchequer Court Reports . . 
Dominion Lands 



Deficit. 



817,640,466 00 



7,805,732 71 

2,792.789 64 

109,995 83 

13,814 03 

3,127,989 84 

339,889 72 

1,336,046 94 

94,603 17 

89,145 34 

22,645 97 

22,469 39 

18,875 86 

42,715 08 

291 25 

25,092 61 

17,142 25 

39,433 29 

7,106 57 

6,408 60 

24,623 84 

9,793 70 

89,150 42 

5,819 62 

4,297 29 

63,274 88 

4,815 33 

9,534 74 

19,274 05 

20,170 98 

3,055 00 

3,795 95 

167,869 58 



PAYMENTS. 



33,978,129 47 
4,153,875 58 



838,132,005 05 



Interest on Public Debt 

Charges of Management 

Sinking Funds 

Premium, Discount and Exchange 

Civil Government 

Administration of Justice 

Dominion Police 

Legislation 

Penitentiaries 

Arts, Agriculture and Statistics 

Immigration 

Quarantine 

Pensions 

Superannuation 

Militia f 

Mounted Police 

Public Works Income 

Railways and Canals Income 

Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions 

Ocean and River Service 

Lighthouse and Coast Service 

Fisheries 

Geological Survey 

Scientific Institutions 

Subsidies to Provinces 

Indians 

Government of the North-west Territories 
Miscellaneous 



Collection of Revenue. 

Customs 

Excise 

Weights, Measures and Gas 

Post Office 

Public Works 

Railways and Canals 

Dominion Lands 

Miscellaneous 



$10,466,294 44 
162,590 31 

2,002,311 36 
116,359 91 

1,422,227 97 
755,082 97 
21,943 13 
941,570 41 
449,599 81 
216,740 30 
195,652 97 
101,320 11 
84,349 36 
260,385 77 

1,574,013 76 
646,125 17 

1,742,316 89 
252,716 00 
513,268 03 
205,092 65 
475,903 32 
443,822 95 
68,151 41 
77,241 56 

4,250,674 46 
1)55,403 77 
303,626 74 
292,203 04 



917,632 39 

471,864 90 

91,814 90 

3,593,847 47 

151,698 22 

3,704,126 48 

129,727 51 

68,904 61 



38,132,005 05 



PUBLIC DEBT OF CANADA. 



Year. 


Total Debt. 


Total Assets. 


Net Debt. 


Interest 
paid 
on Debt. 


Interest rec d 
from 
In vestment. 


Rate of 
Interest 
paid on 
Gross Debt. 


Rate of 
Interest 
rec d from 
Irives ent. 


Net Rate 
of Interest 
paid. 


1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1 S95 


$93,046,051 73 
96,896,656 20 
112,361,998 39 
115,993,706 76 
115,492,682 76 
122,400,179 36 
129,743,432 19 
141,163,551 33 
151,063,401 62 
161,204,687 86 
174,675,834 97 
174,957,268 96 
179,483,871 21 
194,634,440 68 
199,861,537 51 
205.305,251 97 
202,159,104 30 
242,482,416 21 
264,703,607 43 
273,164,341 11 
273,187,626 43 
284,513,841 89 
287,722,062 76 
286,112,295 10 
289,899,22!) &lt;&gt;2 
2!C), 333,274 10 
300,054,524 74 
.!JS,023 96 
318.048.754 K7 


$17,317,410 36 
21,139,531 46 
36,502,679 19 
37,783,964 31 
37,786,165 11 
40,213,107 32 
29,894,970 55 
32,838,586 91 
35,655,023 60 
36,653,173 78 
41,440,525 94 
34,595,199 05 
36,493,683 85 
42,182,8i2 07 
44,465,757 11 
51,703,001 1!) 
43,692,389 84 
60,320,565 95 
68,295,915 29 
50,005,234 02 
45,872,850 99 
49,982,483 73 
50,192,021 11 
48,579,083 33 
52,090,199 11 
54,201,839 66 
58.373,485 13 
&lt;&gt;2.1C&gt;4,994 48 
64 973 827 78 


875,728,641 37 
75,757,134 74 
75,859,319 20 
78,209,742 45 
77,706,517 65 
82,187,072 04 
99,848,461 64 
108,324,964 42 
116,008,378 02 
124,551,514 08 
133,235,309 03 
140,362,069 91 
142,990,187 36 
152,451,588 61 
155,395,780 40 
153,661,650 78 
158,466,714 46 
182,161,850 26 
196,407,692 14 
223,159,107 09 
227,314,775 44 
234,531,358 16 
237,530,041 65 
237,533,211 77 
237,809,030 51 
241,131,434 44 
241,681,039 61 
246,183,029 48 
, . , 074.927 09 












$4,501,568 33 
4,907,013 71 
5,047,054 24 
5,165,304 24 
5,257,230 64 
5,209,205 97 
5,724,436 31 
6,590,790 19 
6,400,902 07 
6,797,227 25 
7,048,883 55 
7,194,734 14 
7,773,868 75 
7,591,144 88 
7,740,804 47 
7,668,552 89 
7,700,180 61 
9,419,482 19 
10,137,008 66 
9,682,928 87 
9,823,313 00 
10,148,931 97 
9,656,841 16 
9,584,136 74 
9 ,763,978 34 
9,806,888 45 
10,212,596 i:: 

10.4(56.294 44 


$126,419 84 
313,021 20 
363,955 91 
554,383 72 
488,041 54 
:i!Hi 403 94 
619,863 00 
840,886 65 
798,905 95 
717,684 31 
605,774 22 
592,500 04 
834,792 67 
751,513 4!) 
914,009 27 
1,001,192 96 
986,698 37 
1,997,035 51 
2,299,078 91 
990,886 69 
932,025 35 
1,305,392 25 
1,082,271 36 
1,077,228 14 
1,086,419 93 
1.150,166 51 
1,217,808 97 
1,136,046 94 


4-64 
4-36 
4-35 
4-47 
4-29 
4-01 
4-05 
4-34 
3-97 
3-89 
4-02 
4-00 
8-flfl 
3-79 
376 
8-79 
3-17 
3-55 
3-71 
3-54 
3-45 
3-52 
3-87 
3-35 
3 30 
3 26 
8-81 
3-29 


59 

85 
96 
1-46 
I M 

1-32 
1-85 
2-35 
2-17 
1-73 
1 -75 
1-62 
T97 
J-69 
1-76 
2-29 
i &lt;;:; 
2 92 
4-59 
2-16 
1-86 

2-eo 

2-23 
2-07 
2-00 
1-97 
1-96 
1-75 


4-51 

4-08 
4-02 
3-99 
3-89 
3 70 
3-61 
3-78 
3-47 
3-47 
3-68 
3-67 
3-56 
3 42 
3-32 
3-29 
2-76 
3-80 
2-86 
3-18 
3 12 
3-07 
2-99 
2-93 
2-93 
2-88 
2-91 
2-93 



1897] 



EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, CANADA CENSUS OF CANADA. 



45 



EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, DOMINION OF CA.NA.DA.. 

Statement of the Aggregate Value of the Imports (including Coin and Bullion), and Exports into and from 

Canada, of Goods entered for Consumption, and of the Customs Duties collected, during each 

Fiscal Year ending 30th June, from 1868 to 1895, inclusive. 



Year. 


IMPORTS. 


Exports. 


Total 
Imports 
Exports. 


ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION. 


Duty 
Collected. 


Dutiable. 


Free. 


Total. 


Dutiable. 


Free. 


Total. 


1868.. 
1869 
1870 
1871 


A 

V 

45,256,538 
44,085,833 
48,669,64-2 
70,299,276 
72,426,774 
74,432,622 
77,073,783 
81,507,398 
58,799,826 
63,989,566 
61,703,740 
57,055,218 
68,895,483 
85,516,908 
93,339,930 
100,827,816 
88,349,492 
79,614,108 
75,536,758 
85,479,400 
77,784,037 
80,059,966 
86,258,633 
81,286,372 
81,190,844 
77,378,091 
73,341,506 
64,064,587 


t 

28,203,106 
26,329,332 
26,144,697 
25,793,695 
39,003,753 
53,578,659 
51,139,799 
41,562,885 
34,410,520 
35,338,396 
31,378,047 
24,909,209 
17,594,264 
19,813,932 
26,079,570 
31,426,206 
28,047,5.-)! 
29,327,378 
28,887,803 
27,412,836 
33,110,593 
35,164,965 
35,599,608 
38,681 ,266 
46.215,224 
51,696,177 
50,133,434 
46,717,095 



73,459,644 
70,415,165 
74,814,339 
96,092,971 
111,430,527 
128,011,281 
128,213,582 
123,070,283 
93,210,346 
99,327,962 
93,081,787 
81,964,427 
86,489,747 
105,330,840 
119,419,500 
132,254,022 
116,397,043 
108,941,486 
104,424,561 
112,892,2:;ii 
110,894,630 
115,224,931 
121,858,241 
119,967,638 
127,406,068 
129,074,268 
123,474,940 
110,781,682 


8 
57,567,888 
60,474,781 
73,573,490 
74,173,618 
82,639,663 
89,7S9,922 
89,351,928 
77,886,979 
80,966,435 
75,875,393 
79,323,667 
71,491,255 
87,911,458 
98,290,823 
102,137,203 
98,085,804 
91,406,496 
89,238,361 
85,251,314 
89,515,811 
90,203,000 
89,189,167 
96,749,149 
98,417,296 
113,963,375 
118,564,352 
117,524,949 


| 

131,027, 53-2 
130,88l,!40 
148,387,829 
170,266,589 
194,070,190 
217,801,203 
217,565,510 
200,957,262 
174,176,781 
175,203,355 
172,405,454 
153,455,682 
174,401,205 
203,621,663 
221,556,703 
230,339,826 
207,803,539 
198,179,847 
189,675,875 
202,408,047 
201,097,630 
204,414,098 
218,607,390 
218,384,934 
241,369,443 
247,638,620 
2^.999,889 


ft 
43,661,839 
41,073,612 
45,131,517 
60,098,415 
68,549,939 
71,413,128 
76,235,853 
78,141,432 
60,243,346 
60,919,960 
59,776,589 
55,430,012 
54,182,967 
71,620,725 
85,757,433 
91,588,339 
80,010,498 
73,269,618 
70,658,819 
78,120,679 
69,645,824 
74,475,139 
77,106,286 
74,536,036 
69,160,737 
60,873,571 
62,779,182 


$ 
28,323,467 
26,328,558 
26,106,086 
26,849,067 
39,159,177 
56,101,466 
51,168,316 
41,477,225 
34,489,872 
35,3SO,f&gt;-23 
31,422,988 
^19,633,466 
17,599,382 
19,990,879 
26,891,494 
31,548,680 
28,170,146 
29,440,401 
28,943,875 
27,518,749 
33,201,276 
35,198,308 
35,659,298 
38,809,088 
47,818,206 
51,831,459 
50,314,811 
46,694,856 


| 

71,985,306 
67,402,170 
71,237,603 
86,947,482 
107,709,116 
127,514,594 
127,404,169 
119,618,657 
94,733,218 
96,300,483 
91,199,577 
75,063,478 
71,782,349 
91,611,604 
1] 2,648,927 
123,137,019 
108,180,644 
102,710,019 
99,60-2,694 
105,639,428 
102,847,100 
109,673,477 
112,765,584 
113,345,124 
1 16,978,943 
121,705,030 
113,093,983 
105,252,511 


f 
8,819,431 63 
8,298,909 71 
9,462,940 44 
11,843,655 75 
13,045,493 50 
13,017,730 17 
14,421,882 67 
15,361,382 12 
12,833,114 48 
12,548,451 09 
12,795,693 17 
12,939,540 66 
14,138,849 22 
18,500,785 97 
21,708,837 43 
23,172,308 97 
20,164,963 37 
19,133,558 99 
19,448,123 70 
22,469,705 83 
22,209,641 53 
23,784,523 23 
24,014,908 07 
23,481,069 13 
20,550,581 53 
21,161,710 93 
19,379,822 32 
17,887,269 47 


1872 
1873 


1874 


1875 


1S76. 


1877 . 


1878 
1879 


1880 


1881 


1882 . . . 


1883.. .. 


1884 
1885 


1886 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


1894 


1895 


113,638,803 


224,420,485 


58,557,655 





*$5, 278,130 less than shown in Trade and Navigation Return, 
goods entered for consumption. 



Value of re Exports erroneously included with 



CENSUS OF CA.NADA,. 

No. 1. POPULATION OF CANADA, 1871, 1881 AND 1891. 



PROVINCES. 


1871. 


1881. 


Increase 
Per cent. 


1891. 


Increase 
Per cent. 


Ontario 


1 620 851 


1 926 922 


18 6 


2 114 3 1 


Q-7Q 


Quebec 


1 191 516 


1 359 o-&gt;7 


14"0 


1 488 535 


9 53 


Nova Scotia 


387 800 


440 572 


13 6 


450 396 


2 23 


New Brunswick 


285,594 


321 233 


12 4 


321 63 


!)(){) 


Manitoba 


18,995 


*62 260 


247 2 


152 506 


144 95 


British Columbia 


36,247 


49 459 


36 4 


98 173 


98 49 


Prince Edward Island 


94,021 


108,891 


15 8 


109 078 


17 


The Territories 




56,446 




98 967 


75 33 














Total . . 


3 635 024 


4 324 MO 


18 97 


4 833 39 


11 ~(i 
















* 65, 954 originally ; 3,694 were taken off and added to Ontario when the boundary was changed. 
No. 2. BIRTH-PLACES OF THE PEOPLE IN CANADA, 1881 AND 1891. 



PROVINCES. 


1861. 


1891. 


Born in 
Canada. 


Born in other 
Countries. 


Born in 
Canada. 


Born in other 
Countries. 


Ontario 


1,496,744 
1,282,225 
412,589 
289,965 
45,757 
34,957 
99,369 
53,886 


430,211 
76,802 
27,960 
31,268 
16,503 
14,492 
9,522 
2,560 


1,708,702 
1,406,514 
423,890 
299,154 
108,017 
56,851 
102,652 
80,097 


405,619 
82,021 
26,506 
22,109 
44,489 
11,822 
8,426 
18,870 


Quebec 


Nova Scotia 


New Brunswick 


Manitoba 


British Columbia 


Prince Edward Island .... 


North-west Territories ....... 


Canada 


3,715,492 


609,318 


4,185,877 


647,362 






46 



SHOUT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



[1897 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 

The following brief resume of the principal events in the history of our country is taken from the Statistical 
Abstract for 1895, and will be found of interest. The history of the year 1895-96 is given in another portion of the 
Almanac. It is noteworthy that it was in 1497, just 400 years ago, that the first portion of Canadian soil was dis 
covered by Cabot. 

CHR.ONOLOCICA.L LANDMARKS IN THE HISTORY OF CANADA. 



1497 June 24. Cabot discovered Cape Breton. 

1500 Gasper Cortereal entered the Gulf of St. Law 
rence. 

1517 -Sebastian Cabot discovered Hudson Bay. 

1524 A errazano explored the Atlantic coast of Nova 
Scotia. 

1534 July 1. Landing- of Jacques Cartier at Esqui 
maux Bay. First landing on Canadian soil. 

1535 July. Second visit of Cartier. 

August 10. Cartier anchored in a small bay at 
the mouth of the St. John River, which, in 
honour of the day, he named after St. Law 
rence. The name was afterwards extended to 
the gulf and river. 

1540 Third visit of Cartier. 

1542-43 -The Sieur de Roberval and his party wintered 
at Cap Rouge. 

1598 The Marquis de la Roche landed 40 convicts on 
Sable Island, where they were left for five 
years without relief, only twelve being found 
alive at the end of that time. 

1603 First visit of Samuel de Champlain to Canada. 

1605 -Founding of Port Royal (Annapolis), Acadia (de 
rived from an Indian word "Cadie," a place 
of abundance), by the Baron de Poutrincourt. 

1608 Second visit of Champlain. Founding of Quebec, 
the first permanent settlement of Canada. 
The name is said to be an Indian one, "Kebec," 
a strait. 28 settlers wintered there, including 
Champlain. 

1611 Establishment of a trading post at Hochelaga. 
Jesuits arrive in Port Royal, Acadia. 

1613 St. John s, Newfoundland, founded. Ottawa 
River discovered by Champlain. (Champlain 
sailed up the Ottawa River, crossed Lake 
Nipissing, and descended French River into 
Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, returning by 
Lake Ontario.) 

1617 Canada invaded by the Iroquois. 

1620 Population of Quebec, 60 persons. 

1621 First mention of the name "Nova Scotia" in a 
grant of the Province to Sir W. Alexander by 
James I. First code of laws promulgated at 
Quebec. 

1624 Nova Scotia first settled by the English. 

1625 Jesuits first arrive in New France. 

1627 Canada granted to the Company of "100 Asso 
ciates" by the king of France. Feudal system 
established in Canada. 

1629 July. Capture of Quebec by the English under 
Sir David Kirke. 117 persons wintered there. 

1632 Canada, Cape Breton, and Acadia restored to 
France by the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye. 
First school opened in Canada at Quebec. 

1634 July 4. The town of Three Rivers founded. 
August 13. Fort Richelieu (Sorel) founded. 



1635 Sillery founded Jesuits College in Quebec. Lake 
Michigan discovered by Nicolet. December 
25. Death of Champlain at Quebec. 

1639 Ursuline Convent founded at Quebec. 

1640 Lake Erie discovered by Chaumonot and Bre- 
boeuf. 

1642 May 18. Ville Marie (Montreal) founded by 
Maisonneuve. 

1642-1667 Frequent and serious wars between jthe 
French and the Iroquois Indians. 

1647 Lake St. John discovered. 

1651 Expedition to Hudson Bay. 

1654 Acadia taken by the English. 

1659 M. de Laval, first Roman Catholic Bishop of 
Canada, arrived from France. Lake Superior 
discovered by French traders. 

1663 Company of " 100 Associates" dissolved. Royal 
government established. First courts of law. 

1664 Seigniories granted. 

1667 Acadia restored to France by Treaty of Breda. 
White population of New France, 3,918. 

1670 May 13 (n.s.). Hudson s Bay Company founded. 

1672 Count de Frontenac appointed governor. Popu 
lation, 6,705. 

1673 June 13. Cataraqui (Kingston) founded. 

1 674 Iroquois established at Caughnawaga. 

1689 August 5. Massacre at Lachine by Indians. 

1690 Capture of Port Royal by Sir William Phipps, 
and unsuccessful attack upon Quebec. 

1692 -Population of New France, 12,431. 
1695 Iberville took English forts in Hudson Bay. 
1697 Treaty of Ryswick. Mutual restoration of places 

taken during the war. 

1698 Death of Frontenac. Population, 13,355. 
1701 August 4. Ratification of a treaty of peace with 

the Iroquois at Montreal. Canadians granted 

leave to manufacture. 

1709-10-11 Canada invaded by the English. Port 
Royal (Annapolis) taken by Nicholson (1710). 

1713_Treaty of Utrecht, by which Hudson Bay and 
adjacent territory, Nova Scotia (Acadia) and 
Newfoundland were ceded to the English. 

1715 First ships built at Quebec. 

1719 First government founded by the English in 

Nova Scotia. 
1720 Population of New France, 24,434, and of St. 

John s Island (Prince Edward Island), about 

100. Fort of Louisburg built. 
1721 January 27. Mail stages established between 

Quebec and Montreal. 
1722 Division of settled country in Canada into 

parishes. 
1739 Population of New France, 42,701. First forge 

erected in Canada at St. Maurice. 
1745 Louisburg, Cape Breton, taken by the English. 



1897] 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



1747 Militia rolls drawn up for Canada. Courts of 

Justice constituted in Nova Scotia. 
1748 Restoration of Louisburg to the French in 
exchange for Madras, by the peace of Aix-la- 
Chapelle. 

1749 June 21. The city of Halifax founded by Lord 
Halifax ; 2,544 British emigrants brought out 
by the Hon. Edward Cornvvallis. 
1752- March 23. Issue of the Halifax Gazette, the first 

paper published in Canada. 

1755 Expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia. 
About 3,000 were deported at the request of 
the New England colonists. 
1758 First meeting of Nova Scotian Legislature. 

July 26. Final capture of Louisburg- by the 

English. 

1759 July 26. Capture of Fort Niagara by the Eng 
lish under General Prideawx, who was killed 
during the assault. 

July 25. Commencement of the siege of Quebec. 

September 12. Battle of the Plains of Abraham 

and defeat of the French by General Wolfe, 

who was killed on the field. Loss of the 

English, 700 ; and of the French, 1,500. 

September 13. Death of General Montcalm, 

commander of the French forces. 
September 18. Capitulation of Quebec to Gen 
eral Townsend. 

1760 April. Unsuccessful attack on Quebec by Gen 
eral de Levis. Capitulation of Montreal and 
completion of the conquest of Canada. Popu 
lation of New France, 70,000. 
1762 British population of Nova Scotia, 8,104. First 

English settlement in New Brunswick. 
1763 February 10. Treaty of Paris signed, by which 
France ceded and guaranteed to his Britannic 
Majesty in full right Canada with all its 
dependencies." 

Cape Breton annexed to Nova Scotia. 
1764 June 21. Issue of the Quebec Gazette. In this 
year Pontiac, chief of the Ottawas, organized 
a conspiracy for a simultaneous rising among 
the Indian tribes, and a general massacre of 
the British. The plan was successfully car 
ried out in several places and all the inhabi 
tants put to death, but finally the Indians 
were forced to succumb, 
1768 General Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, 

appointed Governor-General. 

1769 St. John s Island (Prince Edward Island) made 
into a separate province, with Walter Patter 
son for the first governor. The first meeting 
of an elected House of Assembly took place 
in July, 1773. 

1774 The "Quebec Act" passed. This Act gave the 
French Canadians the free exercise of the 
Roman Catholic religion, the enjoyment of 
their civil rights, and the protection of their 
own civil laws and customs. It annexed! 
large territories to the Province of Quebec 
and provided for the appointment by the 
Crown of a Legislative Council, and for the 
administration of the criminal law as in use in 
England. North-west coast of British Colum 
bia explored by Vancouver and Cook. 



1775 Outbreak of the American Revolution and inva 
sion of Canada by the Americans ; every place 
of importance rapidly fell into their hands, 
with the exception of Quebec, in an attack 
upon which General Montgomery was defeated 
and killed on 31st December. 

1776 Reinforcements arrived from England, and the 
Americans were finally driven out of Canada. 

1777 Order of Jesuits abolished by Papal decree and 
consequent escheat of their estates in Canada 
to the Crown. 

1778 June 3. First issue of the Montreal Gazette. 
This paper is still published. 

1783 September 3. Signing of the Treaty of Ver 
sailles and definition of the boundary line be 
tween Canada and the United States, viz., 
the great lakes, the St. Lawrence, the 45th 
parallel of north latitude, the highlands divid 
ing the waters falling into the Atlantic from 
those emptying themselves into the St. Law 
rence and the Ste. Croix river. 

1784 Population of Canada, 113,012. (United Empire 
Loyalists in Upper Canada not included.) 
Fredericton, N.B., founded. Cape Breton 
separated from Nova Scotia politically. 
British population of Nova Scotia, 32,000 (about 
] 1,000 Acadians not included). 

1784 About this time began the migration into 
Canada and Nova Scotia of the United Empire 
Loyalists, as they were called that is, of 
those settlers in the American States who had 
remained faithful to the British cause. This 
migration lasted for several years, and thougli 
it is not possible to arrive at any exact 
figures, it is probable that the number alto 
gether was not less than 40,000. The Loyal 
ists were well treated by the British Govern 
ment, and large grants of land were made to 
them in various parts of the country. The 
banks of the St. Lawrence and the shores of 
Lake Ontario, in particular, were settled by 
about 10,000 persons, on lands allotted to 
them by the Government. 

1785 May 18. Date of charter of St. John, N.B., the 
oldest incorporated town in Canada. Sydney, 
C.B., founded by Lieutenant-Governor Des- 
barres. 

August 16. New Brunswick made a separate 
province ; population, 11,457. Reintroduc- 
tion of the right of habeas corpus. 

1787 First Colonial See established in the British Em 
pire in connection with the Church of Eng 
land, in Nova Scotia. 

1788 Western Canada (now Ontario) divided into five 
districts, and English law introduced. King s 
College (N.S.) founded. 

1791 Division of the Province of Quebec into two 
provinces, viz., Upper and Lower Canada. 
Each province to have a lieutenant-governor^ 
and a legislature composed of a house of 
assembly and a legislative council. The 
members of the council were to be appointed 
by the lieutenant-governor for life; those ,&gt;t 
the assembly to be elected by the people for 



48 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



four years. Population of the two provinces, 
101,311. 

1792 September 17. First meeting of the parliament 
of Upper Canada at Newark (Niagara), under 
Lieutenant-Governor Sinicoe. The House of 
Assembly consisted of sixteen members. 
December 17. Opening of the Legislature of 
Lower Canada, at Quebec, by Gen. Clarke. 
The house of assembly consisted of fifty 
members. 

1793 Abolition of slavery in Upper Canada. Upper 
and Lower Canada separated from the Church 
of England See of Nova Scotia, and founded 
into a separate See. Toronto founded as 
York. Rocky Mountains crossed by Mac 
kenzie. Public accounts first published. 

1796 --The seat of government of Upper Canada re 
moved from Niagara to York (Toronto). 

1798 The name of St. John s Island changed to that 
of Prince Edward Island, in honour of the 
Duke of Kent, the change to take effect in 
1800. Population, 4,500. 

1799 Education Act passed in Upper Canada. 

1800 Jesuits estates taken possession of by the Gov 
ernment. King s College (N.B.) granted a 
royal charter. 

1805- -January 1. Founding of the Quebec Mercury. 

1806 November 22. Issue of Le Canadien, the first 
newspaper printed entirely in French. Popu 
lation of Upper Canada, 70,718, and of Lower 
Canada, 250,000. 

1807 Grammar schools founded in Upper Canada. 
1809 First steamer on St. Lawrence river. 
1811 Judges excluded from parliament. 
1812 War declared between Great Britain and the 
United States. 

July 17. Mackinaw surrendered to the British. 

July 18-20. Americans repulsed at River 
Canard. 

August 5. Tecumseh defeated Americans at 
Brownstown. 

August 16. Surrender of Detroit by the Ameri 
cans under General Hull to General Brock. 

September 16. Americans repulsed at Pres- 
qu Ile. 

September 21. Gananoque raided by Ameri 
cans. 

October 12. Americans defeated at Queenston. 

November 10. Kingston bombarded by Ameri 
cans. 

November 20. Americans repulsed at Odell- 
town. 

November 28. Americans repulsed near Fort 

Erie. 

1813 January "22. Americans defeated at French- 
town. 

February 6. Brock\ ille raided by Americans. 

February 22. Ogdensburg taken by British. 

May 5. Americans defeated before FortMeiirs. 

May 29. Americans defeated at Sackett s Har 
bour. 

June 5. Americans defeated at Stony Creek. 

June 19. American stores captured at Great 
Sodus. 



June 24. Americans surrendered at Beaver 

Dam. 
July 4. Americans made prisoners at Fort 

Schlosser. 

October 1. Americans repulsed at Four Corners. 
October 26. Americans defeated at Chateau- 
guay. Defeat of three thousand Americans 
under General Hampton by Colonel de Sala- 
berry and four hundred French Canadian 
militia. 

November 11. Americans defeated at Chrysler s 
Farm. Defeat and rout of Gen. Wilkinson 
and the Americans by the Canadian militia 
under Col. Morrison. 

December 19. Fort Niagara captured by British. 
December 19. Lewiston destroyed by British. 
December 31. Black Rock captured by British. 
1814 March 30. Americans repulsed at La Colle Mill. 
May 6. Oswego captured by British. 
July 19. Prairie du Chien surrendered to 

British. 

July 25. Americans defeated at Lundy s Lane. 
August 12. Americans defeated near Fort Erie. 
September 17. Americans repulsed at Fort 

Erie. 
December 24. War terminated by the Treaty 

of Ghent. 
Population of Upper Canada, 95,000, and of 

Lower Canada, 335,000. 

1816 Common schools established in Upper Canada. 
1817 First treaty with the North-west Indians; the 
Earl of Selkirk signing on behalf of King 
George HI. First banks opened in Montreal 
and Quebec cities. 

1818 October 30. Convention signed at London re 
gulating the privileges of Americans in the 
British North American fisheries. Halifax 
and St. John, N.B., made free ports. 
1821 Commencement of the Lachine canal. (First 

vessels passed through in 1825.) 
Amalgamation of the Hudson Bay Co. and the 

North-west Trading Co. 

1825 Great fire in the Miramichi district of New 
Brunswick. Five hundred lives estimated 
lost. Three million acres of forest destroyed. 
1827 Guelph founded by John Gait. Treaty of Lon 
don. McGill College received its charter. It 
was founded in 1811. King s College, Toron 
to, founded. 
1828 Saguenay district explored. Pictou and Sydney 

made free ports. 

1829 Upper Canada College opened. 
1831 Population Upper Canada, 236,702; Lower 

Canada, 553,134. 

1833 August 5. The steamer " Royal William " left 
Quebec for Pictou, N.S., discharged cargo and 
coaled, leaving Pictou on 18th August for 
Gravesend, England, at which port she arrived 
after a stormy passage, during which she 
disabled one of her engines. The boat was 
built at Quebec during 1830-31, and was the 
first steamer that ever crossed the Atlantic, 
the motive power of which was entirely 
steam. 



1897] 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



49 



1836 July 21. Opening of the railway from Laprairie 
to St. Johns, the first railway in Canada. 

1837-38- Outbreak of rebellion in both provinces. It 
was suppressed in Upper Canada by the 
militia, and in Lower Canada by the British 
troops. 

1840 Death of Lord Durham, to whose exertions the 
subsequent union of the provinces was mainly 
due. Quebec and Montreal incorporated. 
Montreal daily Advertiser founded ; first daily 
journal in Canada. 

1841 February 10. Union of the two provinces under 
the name of the Province of Canada, and 
establishment of responsible government. 
The legislature was to consist of a legislative 
council and legislative assembly, each pro 
vince to be represented by 62 members, 42 
elected by the people and 20 appointed by 
the Crown. 

Population of Upper Canada, 455,088. 
May 17. Land slide from the Citadel rock, 

Quebec ; 32 persons killed. 

June 13. Opening of the first united parlia 
ment, at Kingston, by Lord Sydenham. 

1842 August 9. Settlement of the boundary line 
between Canada and the United States by 
the Ashburton Treaty. 

1843 Victoria, B. C., founded by James Douglas. 

1844 Population of Lower Canada, 697,084. 

1845 Large fires in the city of Quebec ; 25,000 people 
rendered homeless. Wetland canal opened. 

1846 Oregon Boundary Treaty. 

1847 Grand Trunk Railway begun. Navigation laws 

repealed. 

Electric telegraph line established between 
Quebec, Montreal and Toronto. 

1848 The St. Lawrence canals open for navigation. 

1849 April 25. Riots in Montreal over the passage of 
the Rebellion Losses Bill, and burning of the 
parliament library at Montreal. 

185O The first sod of the Northern Railway turned 
by Lady Elgin. The road was opened from 
Toronto to Bradford on 13th June, 1853, and 
was the first locomotive railway in operation 
in Upper Canada. The Robinson Treaties 
with the Indians of the northern shores of 
Lakes Huron and Superior concluded. The 
main features of these treaties, viz. : Annu 
ities, reserves of land and liberty to fish on 
the domains of the crown not alienated 
have been followed in the subsequent treaties. 

1851 Transfer of the control of the postal system 
from the British to the provincial govern 
ments, and adoption of a uniform rate of 
postage, viz. ; 3 pence per ^ ounce. The 
use of postage stamps was also introduced. 
Population of Upper Canada, 952,004 ; of Lower 
Canada, 890,261 ; of New Brunswick, 193,800, 
and of Nova Scotia, 276,354. 
Young Men s Christian Association organized in 
Montreal ; first in America. 

1852 Commencement of the Grand Trunk Railway. 
Trinity College, Toronto, and Laval Uni 
versity, Quebec, opened. 



1853 The number of members in the legislative 
assembly was increased from 84 to 130, being 
65 from each province. 
May 9. First ocean steamer arrived at Quebec. 

1854 January 27. Main line of the Great Western 

Railway opened for traffic. 

Abolition of Seignorial Tenure in Lower Canada, 
and settlement of the Clergy Reserve ques 
tion. 

June 5. Reciprocity Treaty with the United 
States signed at Washington. It provided 
for mutual rights of fishing in certain 
Canadian and American waters, for free in 
terchange of the products of the sea, the 
soil, the forest and the mine ; it allowed 
Americans the use of the St. Lawrence river 
and Canadian canals on the same terms as 
British subjects, and gave to Canadians the 
right to navigate Lake Michigan. The Treaty 
was proclaimed by the President of the 
United States on 16th March, 1855, on which 
date it came into operation. It was to last 
ten years. 

First screw steamer from Liverpool to the St. 
Lawrence river. 

1856 The Legislative Council of the province of 
Canada was made an elective chamber. Allan 
steamship line commenced regular fortnightly 
steam service between Canada and Great 
Britain. 

1857 March 12. Desjardins canal railway accident ; 
70 lives lost. 

1858 Adoption of the decimal system of currency. 
Selection by the Queen of the City of Ottawa 
as the capital of the Dominion and perma 
nent seat of Government. Atlantic cable 
laid between England and Nova Scotia. 
April. Gold found in British Columbia. 
September. Gold found in Tangier river, Nova 
Scotia. 

1859 New Westminster founded by Colonel Moody. 

1860 Winnipeg founded. 

First Provincial Synod of the Church of Eng 
land held in Montreal. 

August 25. Opening of the Victoria Bridge by 
the Prince of Wales. This bridge crosses the 
St. Lawrence at Montreal, on the line of the 
Grand Trunk Railway. It is the largest iro 
tubular bridge in the world, is 60 feet high in 
the centre, and nearly two miles in length. 
September 1. Laying of the corner stone of the 
Dominion buildings at Ottawa by the Prince 
of Wales. These buildings, together with the 
departmental buildings, have been erected 
at a total cost, up to 30th June, 1894, of 
84,979,242. 
Art Association founded in Montreal. 

1861 Population of Upper Canada, 1,396,091 ; of 
Lower Canada, 1,111,566; of New Brunswick, 
252,047 ; of Nova Scotia, 330,857 ; of Prince 
Edward Island, 80,857 ; of Vancouver Island, 
exclusive of Indians, 3,420. 

1862 Conference at Charlottetown re Confederation. 
Manitoulin Island Treaty with Indians ar 
ranged by Hon. William Macdougall. 



50 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



[1897 



1864 Quebec Conference held. Resolutions passed in 
favour of Confederation of British North 
American provinces. Raid from St. Albans 
into Canada. 

1866 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick accept Con 
federation with Canada. 
Great fire in Quebec, 2,129 houses burned in St. 

Roch s and St. Sauveur suburb. 
March 17. Termination of the Reciprocity 
Treaty, in consequence of notice given by the 
United States. It lasted 11 years. 
June 1. Invasion of Canada by Fenians. Battle 

of Ridgeway, and retreat of the volunteers. 
June 3. Withdrawal of the Fenians into the 

United States. 

June 8. First meeting of Parliament in the new 
buildings at Ottawa. At this meeting the 
final resolutions necessary on the part of the 
Province of Canada to effect the Confedera 
tion of the provinces were passed. 
November 17. Union of Vancouver Island and 

British Columbia proclaimed. 
1867 February 10. The British North American Act 

passed by the Imperial Legislature. 
July 1. Union of the provinces of Canada, 
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick under the 
name of the Dominion of Canada. The names 
of Upper and Lower Canada were changed to 
Ontario and Quebec respectively. 
Lord Monck was the first Governor-General of 
the Dominion, and the first Parliament met 
on the 6th November, Sir John A. Macdonald 
being Premier. 

1868 April 7. Hon. T. D Arcy McGee, M.P., mur 
dered at Ottawa. 

July 31. The Rupert s Land Act passed by the 
Imperial Government providing for the ac 
quisition by the Dominion of the North-west 
Territories. 
Uniform rate of 3 cents for letters throughout 

the Dominion adopted. 

1869 June 22. Bill passed providing for the govern 
ment of the North-west Territories. 
October 29. Hon. Win. McDougall appointed 
Lieutenant-Governor. Red River Rebellion. 
November 19. Deed of surrender signed, Hud 
son s Bay Company to Her Majesty. 
1870 March 4. Thomas Scott shot at Fort Garry. 

September 24. Arrival at Fort Garry of the 
expedition under Colonel (now Lord) \Vol- 
seley, when the rebels were found to have 
dispersed. 

May 25. Fenians crossed the frontier at Trout 
river, in Quebec, but were driven back by the 
volunteers. 

July 15. Addition of the North-west Terri 
tories to the Dominion and admission of the 
Province of Manitoba into the Confederation. 
This province was created out of a portion of 
the newly acquired territory. 

1871 Pacific railway surveys begun. Post cards 
issued. Stone fort and Manitoba Post Indian 
Treaties (Nos. 1 and 2) negotiated. 
May 8. Signing of the Treaty of Washington. 



July 20. Admission of British Columbia into- 

the Confederation. 
Population of the four provinces, 3,485,761 ; of 

Manitoba, 18,995 ; of British Columbia, 36,- 

224, and of Prince Edward Island, 04,021. 

Total, 3,635,001. 
November 11. The last regular troops left 

Quebec. 
1872 Abolition of dual representation. Dominion 

archives established. 



1873 May 20. Death of Sir George E. Cartitr, ii&gt; 
London. North-west Anglo Indian Treaty 
(No. 3) signed by Hon. Alex. Morris. 
July 1. Admission of Prince Edward Island 

into the Confederation. 

November 7. McKenzie administration formed. 
Island of St. Juan awarded to the United 
States by the Emperor of Germany. 
1874 Qu Appelle Indian Treaty (No 4) signed by Hon. 

A. Morris. 

1875 Rupert s Land and North-west Territories placed 
under jurisdiction of a lieutenant-governor 
separate and distinct from Manitoba. Lake 
Winnipeg Indian Treaty (No. 5) signed by 
Hon. A. Morris and Hon. J. McKay. 
Presbyterian Church in Canada formed by the 

Union of all the Presbyterian churches. 
1876 Opening of the Inter colonial railway from 
Quebec to Halifax. Forts Carleton ami Pitt 
Indian Treaty (No. 6) signed. Canadians 
awarded 300 prizes at Exhibition in Phila- 
delphia, U. S. A. 

June 5. Supreme Court of Canada first session. 
Legislative Council of Manitoba abolished. 
District of Keewatin created by Act of Parlia 
ment. 
1877 Mav. Medical Council of Great Britain decided 

to recognize Canadian degrees. 
June 20. Great fire in St. John, New Brunswick. 
September. First convention of Dom. Y. M. C. 

Association in Quebec. 
October. First exportation of wheat from 

Manitoba to Great Britain. 

November 23. Award by Halifax Fisheries 
Commission of the sum of $5,500,1X10 to be 
paid by the United States to the Imperial 
Government. Treaty with the lilackfeet 
Indians (No. 7) signed by Hon. David Laird. 
1878 Conservatives win in general election. Cana 
dians awarded 225 prizes at Paris Exhibition. 
1879 Adoption of a protective tarriff, otherwise culled 

the "National Policy." 
1880 -Death of the Hon. George Brown. 

All British possessions on North American con 
tinent (excepting Newfoundland) annexed to 
Canada b\ Imperial Order in Council from 
1st Sept., 1880. The Arctic Archipelago 
transferred to Canada by Imperial Order in 
Council. 
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts founded by 

the Marquis of Lome. 

October 21. Contract signed for the construc 
tion of the Canadian Pacific railway. This, 
contract was subsequently ratified by 44 Vic., 
chap. 1 (1881). 



1897] 



SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA. 



51 



1881 April 4. Population of the Dominion, 4,324,810. 

Royal Society of Canada founded. 
May 2. First sod turned by the Canadian 

Pacific Railway Company. 
1882 May 8. Provisional districts of Assiniboia, Sas- 1891 

katchewan, Alberta and Athabaska created. 
May 25. First meeting of the Royal Society of 

Canada in Ottawa. 

June 22. Constitutionality of the Canada 

Temperance Act confirmed by Privy Council. 

August 23. The new seat of Government for 

North-west Territories received name of Regina 

1883 Methodist churches in Canada formed into one 

body The Methodist Church in Canada. 
First congress of the Church of England in 

Canada opened in Hamilton. 

1884 Boundary between Ontario and Manitoba settled 
by decision of Judicial Committee of English 
Privy Council and confirmed by Her Majesty 1892 
in Council, August 11, 1884. 

1885 March 26. Outbreak of Rebellion in North-west; 
commencement of hostilities at Duck Luke. 
April 2. Massacre at Frog Lake. 

April 14. Fort Pitt abandoned. 1892 

April 24. Engagement at Fish Creek. 
May 12. Battle of Batoche, and defeat of the rebels. 
May 26. Surrender of Poundmaker. 
July 1. Termination of the fishery clauses of 1893 

the Washington Treaty by the United States. 
July 2. Capture of Big Bear, and final suppres 
sion of the rebellion. Total loss of militia 
and volunteers under fire ; killed, 38 ; wound 
ed, 115. The rebel loss could not be ascer 
tained. 

November 7. Driving of last spike of C. P. R. 
November 16. Hanging of Kiel. 
1886 May 4. Opening of the Indian and Colonial 

Exhibition in London. 

June 13. Town of Vancouver totally destroyed 
by fire: 4 houses left standing ; 50 lives lost. 
First through train left Montreal for Van 
couver. First Canadian Cardinal, Archbishop 
Taschereau. 

1887 Intel-provincial Conference held at Quebec. At 
this conference Sir Oliver Mowat was presi 
dent. Twenty-one fundamental resolutions 
were passed one declaring in favour of un 
restricted reciprocity in trade with the U. S. 
April 4. Important conference in London 1894 
between representatives of the principal 
colonies and the Imperial Government. 
Canada was represented by Sir Alexander 
Campbell and Mr. Sandford Fleming. 
June 14. First C. P. R. steamship arrived at 

Vancouver from Yokohama. 
November 15. Meeting of the Fisheries Com 
mission at Washington. 

1888 Feb. 15. Signing of Fishery Treaty at Washington. 
August. Rejection of the Fishery Treaty by 

the United States Senate. 1895 

1889 September 19. Landslide (second) from Citadel 
Rock, Quebec ; 45 persons killed. Boundaries 
of Ontario confirmed by Imperial statute. 

1880 May &lt;&gt;. Longue Pointe Lunatic Asylum, near NOTE 
Montreal, destroyed by fire ; over 70 lives portion 



lost. The buildings had been erected at a 
cost of $1,132,232. 
October 6. McKinley Tariff Bill came into 

operation in the United States. 
April 6. Population of the Dominion, 4,833,239. 
Power given by Parliament to the Government 
to refer to the Supreme Court of Canada for 
its opinion important questions of law or fact 
touching provincial legislation or the appel. 
late jurisdiction as to education and any 
other matters. 

April 29. The first of the new C. P. R. steamers 
arrived at Vancouver from Yokohama, beat 
ing the record by over two days. The mails 
were landed in Montreal in three days and 17 
hours from Vancouver. 
June 6. The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, 

G.C.B., Premier of the Dominion, died. 
April 17. Death of Hon. Alexander Mackenzie. 
May 24. Death of Sir Alexander Campbell, 

Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. 
September 28. Legislative Council of New 

Brunswick abolished. 

December 5. Resignation (from ill-health) of 
Sir J. J. C. Abbott, K.C.M.G., Premier of the 
Dominion. Sir John S. D. Thompson called 
upon to form a Government. 
Legislative Council and Assembly of Prince 

Edward Island merged into one body. 
April 4. The Court of Arbitration, respecting 
the seal fisheries in Behring Sea, which met 
formally on 23rd March, began its session. 
Arbitrators : Baron de Courcel (Belgium), 
Lord Hannen (Great Britain), Sir John 
Thompson (Canada), John M. Harlan and J. 
P. Morgan (U. S.), Marquis Visconti Venosta 
(Italy), and M. Gram (Norway and Sweden). 
October 30. Death of Hon. Sir J. J. C. Abbott. 
June 8. First steamer of the new Australia- 
Canada line arrived at Victoria, B.C. 
Title "Honourable," as conferred by the Queen 
in the Duke of Buckingham s despatch, No. 
1&lt;&gt;4, of 24th July, 1868, explained by Earl 
Ripon to extend to all parts of Her Majesty s 
Dominions. See Official Gazette (Canada) 
August 5, 1893. 
Canadians awarded 2,126 prizes at Chicago 

Exhibition. 

June 28. Opening at Ottawa of the Colonial 
Conference to discuss matters of interest to 
the Empire. The Imperial Government, New 
South Wales, Cape Colony, New Zealand, 
Victoria, Queensland and Canada represented. 
July 23. Canadian readjusted customs tariff 

asM-iiU d to by Governor-General. 
August 27. U. S. Congress Tariff Bill becomes 
law without signature of President Cleveland. 
December 12. Death of Right Hon. Sir John 

Thompson in Windsor Castle. 
October 2. Proclamation giving to the un 
organized and unnamed portions of the 
North-west the following names: Ungava, 
Franklin, Mackenzie and UUon districts. 
The events of 1895 !H&gt; are given in another 
of the Almanac. 



52 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[189^ 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 

NOTE. AC the next Session of Parliament changes will probably be made in the Tariff of Customs, so the 
following- list will not be reliable after February, 1897. 



$ c. ad :al. 
Absinthe, $2.25 per Imp. Gal. 

Acetate of Lime 20 

Acetate and Nitrate of Lead, 

not ground Free 

Acid, Acetic and Pyroligneous, 
n. e. s., and vinegar, of any 
strength not exceeding a 
strength of proof, and for each 
degree of strength in excess 
of the strength of proof an 
additional duty of two cents 

and 15c. per. gal. 

Acid, Acetic and Pyroligneous 
of any strength, when imported 
by dyers, calico printers or 
manufacturers of acetates or 
colours, for exclusive use in 
dyeing or printing, or for the 
manufacture of such acetates 
or colours, in their own factor 
ies, 25 per cent 

Acid, Muriatic and Nitric, and 

all mixed acids 20 

Acid, Oxalic and Boracic Free 

Acid, Phosphate 2c. per Ib. 

Acid, Sulphuric . . T V cent per Ib. 
Acids used for medicinal, chemi 
cal or manufacturing purposes, 
not specially provided for in 

this Act.... Free 

Aconite Root Free 

Acorns as Nuis ... 2 cts. per Ib. 
Advertising Bills, Stickers, and 

Folders . . 15 cents per Ib. and 25 
Advertising Pamphlets, Pictures 
and Pictorial Show Cards, illus. 
Adv ng Periodicals, Illus. Price 
Lists, Adv ng Calendars, Adv ng 
Almanacs, Tailors and Mantle- 
Makers Fashion Plates .. 6 cts. 

per. Ib. and 20 

Agaric Free 

Alabaster, Spar, Terra Cotta or 

Composition Ornaments 35 

Ale, Beer and Porter, in Bottles 

(6 q. or 12 p. to Imp. gal.) 24c. 

Imp. gal. 

Ale, Beer and Porter, in Casks, or 

otherwise than Bottles.. ..16c. 

Imp. gal. 

Albumenized and other papers 
chemically prepared for photo 
graphers use 30 

Albums, insides of paper Free 

Albums or books of views with 
out reading matter, 6 cts. per 

Ib. and 20 

Ale, Ginger 20 

Alkanet root, crude, crushed or 

ground Free 

Almonds, shelled, 5 cents per Ib. 

not shelled, 3 cents per Ib. 
Almond Paste as Confectionery. 35 

Aloes, unground Free 

Alum, in bulk only, ground or 

unground Free 

Alum, burned or calcined 20 

Aluminum, or Aluminium and 
Alumina and Chloride of Alu 
minium orChloralum, Sulphate 
of Alumina and Alum Cake . . Free 

Chloralum , .Free 

Ambergris Free 

Ammonia, Sulphate of Free 

Anatomical Preparations and 

Skeletons or parts thereof Free 

Anchors Free 

Animals living, n.e.s 20 

Animals, for improvement of 
Stock Free 



$ c. ad val- 

Animals, live hogs, lie. per Ib . . . 
Animals brought into Can. temp. 
& for a period not exceeding 3 
months, for the purpose of ex 
hibition Free 

Aniline Dyes and Coal Tar Dyes, 
in bulk or packages of not less 
than one pound weight, includ 
ing Alizarine and artificial 

Alizarine Free 

Aniline Oil, Crude Free 

Aniline Salts, and Arseniate of . . Free 
Annato, liquid or solid and seed. Free 
Antimony not ground, pulverized 
or otherwise manufactured. . . Free 

Antiquities, collections of Free 

Anvils 27 

Apricots, green 20 

Apparatus arid Philosophical 
Instruments, imported by and 
for use of Colleges, Schools, 
Scientific, and Literary Socie 
ties, such as are not manu 
factured in Canada Free 

Ap atus for Colleges and Schools, 

which are manufactured in 

Canada, to be rated according 

to material. 

Apparel, wearing, and other per 
sonal and household effects 
(not merchandise) of British 
subjects dying abroad, but 

domiciled in Canada Free 

Apples, including the barrel 

40c. per barrel. 

Apples, dried 25 

Apple trees of all kinds . . 3c. each 

Argols, not refined Free 

Artist color boxes Japanned .... 25 
Arms, including Muskets, Rifles 

and other fire rrms, n.e.s 20 

Army and Navy and Canadian 
Military Arms, Clothing, Mus. 
Instruments for Bands, Mili 
tary Stores and Munition of 

War Free 

Arrowroot 20 

Artificial Flowers 25 

Arsenic Free 

Arseniate of Aniline Free 

Articles for the use of Governor- 
General Free 

Articles imported by and for the 
use of the Dominion Govern 
ment or any of the Depart 
ments thereof, or by or for 
the Senate or House of Com 
mons Free 

Articles for personal use of Con 
suls-General, who are natives 
or citizens of the country they 
represent, and who are not 
engaged in any other business 

or profession Free 

Articles ex- warehoused for ship s 

stores Free 

Asbestos, in anj form other than 
Crude, and all manufactures 

thereof 25 

Ashes, Pot and Pearl, in pack 
ages of not less than twenty- 
five pounds weight Free 

Asparagus 25 

Asphalt or Asphaltum, and Bone 

Pitch, Crude only Free 

Awnings and Tents 25 

Axle Grease 25 

Babbit Metal 10 

Bacon and Hams, Shoulders and 
Sides 2 cents per Ib. 



$ c. ad val. 
Bagatelle Tables or Boards, with 

Cues and Balls 35 

Baggage, Travellers Free 

Bags, Cot., Seamless 20 

Bags, Cotton, made up by the 

use of the needle 32J 

Bags, Carpet Bags 30 

Bags, paper seed bags, illustrat 
ed 6 cents per Ib. and 20 

Bags, paper 25 

Bags, Jute or Hemp 20 

Baking Powders. .6 cents per Ib. 

Bamboos, unmanufactured ....Free 

Bamboo Reeds, not further 

manfd. than cut into suitable 

lengths for Walking Sticks, or 

Canes, or Sticks for Umbrellas, 

Parasols, or Sunshades Free 

Barilla Free 

Bark, Oak and Tanners Free 

Barley 15 cents per bushel 

Barometers 25 

Barrels, Can. manuf.,exp. filled & 
ret d empty, under such reg na 
as the Min. of Cus. shall direct. Free 
Barrels, cont. Petroleum, or its 
products, or any mixt.of which 
petroleum is a part, when such 
contents are chargeable with a 

specific duty 20c. each 

Beads and Bead Ornaments .... 35 

Beans 15 cts. per bush. 

Bean, Tonquin, Vanilla & Nux 

Vomica, crude only Free 

Bed Comforters, or Quilts of 

Cotton, white 25 

colored 30 

Beef, salted in barrels, the barrel 
containing the same to be free 

of duty 2c. per Ib. 

Bees Free 

Belladonna Leaves Free 

Bells, when imported by and for 

the use of churches Free 

Bells, n e s 25 

Belts, leather 30 

Belts, silk 30 

Belts, cotton 30 

Belting of leather or other ma 
terial, n.e.s 20 

Benzole, n.e.s., 6c per Imp. gal. 
Berries for dyeing, or used for 

composing dyes Free 

Bicycles, Tricycles or Velocipedes 30 
Billiard Tables, with or without 
pockets, and bagatelle tables 
or boards, cues, balls and cue 

racks 35 

Billiard Balls, papier mache, 

when imported separately 35 

Billiard Balls, bone or ivory, 

when imported separately .... 35 
Billiard Balls celluloid, when im 
ported separately 35 

Birds, Canary Birds and n.e.s 20 

Birds Skins, for taxidermic pur 
poses Free 

Birdcages 35 

Biscuits of all kinds, not sweet 
ened 25 

Biscuits, sweetened 27 

Bismuth, Metallic in its natural 

state Free 

Bitters (n.e.s.), $2.25 per Im. gal. 
Blacking, Shoe and Shoemakers 
Ink, shoe, harness and leather 
dressing, and harness-soap .... 25 
Black Lead, plumbago manufac re 25 

Black Book Muslin 30 

Blackberries, gooseberries, rasp- 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



53 



$ c. ad val. 

berries, strawberries, cherries 
and currants, n. e. s. the 
weight of the package to be 
included in the weight for 

duty 2c. per. Ib. 

Bladders 20 

Blanketing and lapping, and discs 
or mills for engraving copper 
rollers, imported by cotton 
manufacturers, calico printers 
and wall paper manufacturers, 
for use in their own factories 

only Free 

Blood albumen, tannic acid, an 
timony salts, tartar emetic and 

grey tartar Free 

Blueing, Laundry, of all kinds.. 25 

Blue Vitriol Free 

Bolting Cloth, not made up Free 

Bone Dust and Ash for manuf. 

of Phosphate and Fertilizers . . Free 
Bone Dust, unmanufactured. . . . Free 

Bone Black Free 

Bones, crude, not manuf., burnt, 
calcined, ground, or steamed. Free 

Bones, burnt, calcined 20 

Bone, manufactures of, fancy. .. 35 
Bone, manufactures of (n.e.s.). 20 

Bone Pitch, crude only 20 

Bone, Cuttle Fish Free 

Bonnets, n.e.s 30 

Booklets, printed on paper, 

etc 6c. per Ib. 

Book Covers, illustrated paper, 

6 cents per Ib. and 20 

Books (n.e.s.), printed in two 
languages, one of which is 
English or French. . .60 per Ib. 
Books, printed in an}- of the lan 
guages or dialects of any of 
the Indian tribes of the Do 
minion Free 

Books, Printed Periodicals and 
Pamphlets.n. e. s. , not being for 
eign reprints of British Copy 
right works, nor blank ace. bks. 
nor copy bks. nor bks. to be 
written or drawn upon, nor 
Bibles, Prayer Books, Psalm, 
and Hymn Books. ..tic. per Ib. 
Books, Bibles, Prayer Books, 
Psalm Books and Hymn 

Books Free 

Books, imp. for the use of schools 
for the deaf and dumb, and 
blind, and embossed for the 

blind Free 

Books, not being printed or re 
printed in Canada, which are 
included and used as text 
books in the curriculum of any 
University or incorporated Col 
lege in Canada for the use of 

students thereof Free 

Books, British Copyright works, 

reprint of 6c. per Ib. and 12 

Books, printed by any Govt.or by 
any Scient. Ass. and supplied 

gratuitously, not for trade Free 

Books specially imported for use 
of public free libraries, not 
more than two copies of one 
book : and books which shall 
have been manufactured more 
than twelve years, bound or 

unbound Free i 

Books, Blank Books, Account 
Books, Copy Books or books to 

be drawn or written upon 35 

Book Binders Cloth Free 

Book Binders tools and imple- 

ments,includ. Ruling .Machines 10 
Boots and Shoes, Leather or 

Rubber 25 

Boots and Shoes, Rubber with 
tops or uppers of cloth, etc ... 30 



&lt;P c. ad val 
Boot and Shoe Counters, made 

from Leather Board 20 

Boot and Shoe Dressing 25 

Boot, Shoe and Stay Laces, of 

any material 30 

Botanical Specimens Free 

Borax, ground or unground, in 
bulk of not less than twenty- 
five pounds onty Free 

Box Wood Rules 25 

Boxes, paper boxes labelled, 

empty 15 cents per Ib. and 25 

Boxes, paper boxes, empty, plain . 35 

Boxes, cash 25 

Boxes and Writing Desks, fancy 

and ornamental 35 

Braces or Suspenders and parts 

thereof 35 

Braids of all kinds 30 

Bran, Mill Feed 20 

Brass, drawn, plain and fancy 
tubing not bent or otherwise 
manufactured in lengths not 

less than six feet Free 

Brass, old, scrap, and in sheets 

or plates Free 

Brass Bars & Bolts, drawn, plain 

and fancy tubing Free 

Brass Cups, being- rough blanks, 
for the manufacture of brass 
and paper shells and cartridges 
for use in their own factor 
ies Free 

Brass Wire 10 

Brass, ribs of iron or steel, run 
ners, rings, caps, notches, fer 
rules, mounts and sticks or 
canes in the rough or not 
further manufactured than cut 
into lengths suitable for um 
brellas, etc., imported by manu 
facturers of umbrellas, para 
sols and sunshades for use in 
their factories in the manufac 
ture of umbrellas, etc., onlv. .Free 

Brass Pumps 30 

Brass, twisted Brass and Copper 
Wire, when imported by manu 
facturers of boots and shoes 

for use in their factories Free 

Brass, in strips, for printers 

rules, not finished Free 

Brass and copper nails, rivets 

and burrs 30 

Brass tubing, cased 30 

Brass, manufactures of, n.e.s... 30 
Breadstuffs, Grain and Flour, 
and Meal of all kinds, when 
damaged by water in transitu, 
upon the appraised value .... 20 

Brick, hollow and porous 20 

Brick, Building 20 

Brick, Bath Brick 20 

Brick, Fire Brick, not to include 

stove linings Free 

Brimstone, crude or in roll or 

flour Free 

Brim Moulds, for gold beaters .. Free 
British Gum, Dextrine, Sizing, 
Cream and Enamelled Sizing. 10 

Bristles Free 

Britannia Metal in pigs and bars Free 
manufactures of, if not plated. 25 
manufactures of, if plated .... 30 

Bromine Free 

Brooms 20 

Brushes ," 25 

Broom Corn Free 

Bronze or Dutch Metal 30 

Buckskins, tanned or dressed 

(Glove leather) 10 

Bronze Statuettes 35 

Buckwheat lOc. per bushel 

meal or flour ^ c. per Ib. 

Buchu Leaves Free 

Buckles, tin, for suspenders. .... 35 



&lt;P c. ad val. 
Buckram, for the manufacture 

of hat and bonnet shapes Free 

Builders Hardware 32 

Bulbs, Flower Free 

Bullion, gold and silver, in bars, 

blocks or ingots and bullion 

fringe Free 

Burr Stones, in blocks, rough 

unmanufactured, riot bound 

up or prepared for binding 

into mill stones Free 

Burgundy Pitch Free 

Butchers Steels 35 

Butter 4 cents per pound 

Butter Triers 35 

Butterine, or other substitute for 

Butter, importation prohibited. 
Buttons of Vegetable Ivory, Pearl 

or Horn 8c. per gross, and 20 

Buttons of hoof, rubber, vulcanite 

or composition . . 4c. per gr. and 20 
Buttons, Pantaloon, and all 

other, n.e.s 20 

Button, Shoe, papier mache ... Free 

Cabinet of Coins, collection 
of medals and other antiqui 
ties, including collection of 

Postage Stamps Free 

Cabinet Ware or Furniture (wood 

or iron) 30 

Calcareous tufa Free 

^alumba Root Free 

Camwood and Sumac, and Ex 
tract of, for dyeing or tanning.Free 

Bandied Peel, lemon, orange and 
citron c per Ib. and 35 

Candles, Tallow 25 

handles, Paraffine Wax,4c per Ib. 

Candles and Tapers, all others, 

including Sperm 25 

andle Wick and Lamp Wicks. . 25 
ane or Rattan, split or other 
wise manufactured 17J 

Canton Flannel, white 25 

Canton Flannel, printed or dyed 30 

Canvas for manuf. of Floor Oil 
Cloth, not less than 45 in. wide, 
& not pressed nor calendered. Free 
anvas, "Jute," when imported 
by manufacturers of Floor Oil 
Cloth, for use in their factories. Free 

Canvas of flax or henip and sail 
twine, to be used for boat and 
ship sails 5 

Caoutchouc, unmanufactured. ..Free 

Caplins.unfinished Leghorn hats. Free 

Caps, Hats and Bonnets, n.e.s.. 30 

Caps, Percussion, for guns, rifles 
and pistols 30 

Caps, Percussion Copper for 
blasting 3 

Capsules for Bottles, to be rated 
according to material 

Carbons, $2.50 per 1,000 of 12 
inches less in proportion .... 

Cardboard 35 

Cards, show cards, 6 cents per 
Ib. and 20 

Cards, for play ing, 6cts. per pack. 

Carpet Bags, Trunks, and 
Valises 30 

Carpet, treble ingrain, three-ply 
and two-ply carpets, composed 
wholly of wool, 5c. per sq. yd. 
and 25 

Carpets, two-ply and three-ply 
ingrain carpets, of which the 
warp is composed wholly of 
c tton or other material than 
wool, worsted, the hair of the 
Alpaca goat, or other like 
animal, 3c. $er sq. yd. and 25 

Carpets, Brussel, tapestry, Dutch, 
Venetian and damask ; carpet 
mats and rugs of all kinds. 



54 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[1897 



$ c. ad val. 

n.e.s.; and printed felts and 
druggets and all other carpets 

and squares n.o.p 30 

Carpets, Smyrna mats and rugs. 30 
Carpeting, Matting and Mats of 
Hemp, Cocoa, Jute and Stair 

Pads 25 

Cartridges, for guns, rifles and 

pistols, and Cartridge Cases . . 30 
Carriages, Buggies and Pleasure 
Carts, and similar vehicles, 
n.e.s., costing not more than 

|50, $5 each and 25 

Costing more than 50 35 

Farm & Freight Wagons, Carts, 
Drays and similar vehicles. ... 25 
Carriages, Children s Carriages 

of all kinds 35 

Carriages, parts of, or other 
manufactured articles, shall be 
charged with same rate of 
duty, on a proportionate valu 
ation, as that chargeable upon 
the finished article. 

Carriage Hardware 32y 

Carriages of travellers, and Car 
riages laden with merchandise, 
and not to include circus 

troupes or hawkers Free 

Cash Boxes 25 

Casts, as models for the use of 

schools of designs Free 

Catgut Strings, or Gut Cord for 

Musical Instruments Free 

Catgut or Whipgut, unmanufac 
tured Free 

Caustic Soda Free 

Cases, for jewels, watches, silver 
and plated ware, cutlery, and 
other like articles of any ma 
terial 5 cents each and 30 

Celluloid, Xylonite or X3 olite, in 
sheets, lumps, balls, or blocks, 

in rough Free 

Celluloid moulded into sizes for 
handles of knives and forks, 
not bored nor otherwise manf. 10 
Celluloid balls and cylinders, 
coated with tinfoil, or not, but 
not finished or further manu 
factured 10 

Celluloid Collars 24 cts. per doz. 

and 25 

Cuffs, 4 cts. pair, and 25 

Cement, Hydraulic or Water- 
lime, ground, Portland or Ro 
man, including barrels, 40 cts. 

per barrel 

Chalk stone, china or Cornwall 
stone, felspar, and cliff stone, 

ground or unground Free 

Chalk, manufactured 20 

Chamomile Flowers Free 

Chamomile Flowers, powdered. . 20 

Chamois Skins 17 j 

Charts, admiralty, Free. Other 20~ 

Charcoal 20 

Cheese, 3 cents per Ib 

Cheese Cloths, white 25 

coloured 30 

Cheques, pro. notes and drafts, 

printed 35 

Cherry Trees, 3 cents each 

Chewing Gum, if sweetened, ic. 

per Ib. and 35 

Chewing Gum, not sweetened . . 20 
Chicory, raw or green, 3c. per Ib. 
Chicory, dried roasted or ground, 

4 cents per Ib 

China Clay, natural or ground. .Free 
Chloralum or Chloride of Alum.Free 

China and Porcelain .Ware 30 

Chloride of Barium 20 

Chloride of Lime Free 

Chronometer Clocks, as Clocks . 25 
Chronometer Watches 25 



$ c. ad val. 
Chronometers and Compasses for 

Ships Free 

Chronics, Chromotypes, Oleo 
graphs, and other cards, pic 
tures, or artistic works of simi 
lar kinds, produced by any 
process other than hand paint 
ing or drawing whether for 
business or advertising pur- 
posesornot,printed orstamped 
on paper, cardboard, or other 
material, n.e.s, 6c. per Ib. and 20 

Church Vestments 20 

Churns, brooms, pails, tubs, 

pounders and rolling pins 20 

Cider, not clarified or refined, 5 

cents per im. gallon 

Cider, clarified or refined, lOcents 

per im. gallon 

Cigars and Cigarettes, $2 per Ib. 

and 25 

Cinchona Bark Free 

Cinchona Bark, powdered 20 

Cinnabar Free 

Citrons, rinds of, in brine Free 

Citric Acid Free 

Clays Free 

Cliff Stone, unmanufactured Free 

Cliff Stone, manufactured 30 

Clocks, and clock cases of all 

kinds 25 

Clock springs and clock move 
ments other than for tower 
clocks, complete or in parts . . 25 
Clothes Wringers. . 25c each and 20 
Clothing, Cotton, Silk and Linen 32i 
Clothing, readj -made, and wear 
ing apparel of ever} descrip 
tion, composed wholly or in 
part of wool, worsted, the hair 
of the alpaca goat or other like 
animal, n.o.p. 5c. per Ib. and. 30 
Clothing, donations of, for chari 
table purposes Free 

Clothing, imported by and for 
use of army and navy, or for 
Canadian Militia. Dutiable ac 
cording to material. Duty re 
funded upon reference to De 
partment 

Coal, and Coal Dust, Anthracite. Free 
Coal, Bituminous, per ton of 

2,000 Ibs 60 

Coal Dust and Slack, Bituminous 20 

Coke Free 

Coal Tar and Coal Pitch Free 

Cobalt, ore of Free 

Cochineal Free 

Cocoa Mats and Matting 25 

Cocoanuts, imported from place 

of growth by vessel direct to a 

Canadian port. . . .50c. per 100. 

Cocoanuts, not imported direct, 

81 per hundred. 

Cocoa Paste and Chocolate Paste, 
Cocoas and Cocoa Butter, 4c. 

per. Ib 

Cocoa Shells and Nibs, Chocolate 
and other preparations of 

cocoa 20 

Cocoanut, dessicated, sweetened 

or not, o cents per pound 

Cocoa Beans, not roasted, 

crushed or ground Free 

Coffee, Green, n.e.s 10 

Coffee, Green, imported direct 
from the country of growth 
and production, or purchased 
in bond in any country where 
coffee is subject to customs 

duty Free 

Coffee roasted or ground, when 
not imported direct from the 
country of growth and produc 

tion, 2c. per Ib. and 10 

Coffee, roasted or ground, and 



$ c. ad val. 

all imitations of and substi 
tutes for, n.e.s., 2 cts. per Ib. 
Coffee, extract of, or substitutes 
for, of all kinds . . 3 cts. per Ib. 

Coffee and Milk 30 

Coffee Mills or Roasters 27i 

Coffins and Caskets, of any ma 
terials 25 

Coins, Silver Coins from the U.S. 26 
Coins, Gold and Silver, except 

U.S. silver coins Free 

Coir and Coir Yarn Free 

Collars of linen, cotton, celluloid, 
xylonite, or xyolite, 24c. per 

doz. and 25 

Collars, lace collars 30 

Collodion, 20c. per I. G. and 20 
Cologne water, alcoholic per 
fumes, and perfumed spririts, 
bay rum, and lavender waters, 
hair, tooth and skin washes 
and other toilet preparations 
containing spirits of any kind, 
when in bottles orflasks weigh 
ing not more than 4 oz. each . . 50 
When in boitles, flasks, or 
other packages weighing 
more than 4 oz. each. $2.25 

p. gal and 40 

Combs, dress and toilet, all kinds 35 
Combs, curry combs, as Sad 
dlers hardware 32J 

Commercial blank forms 35 

Communion Plate imported by 

and for use in Churches Free 

Composition Metal for the manu- 
f cture of filled g ld watch-cases. 10 

Compasses for ships Free 

Composition Nails, Spikes and 

Sheathing Nails 15 

Composition Fuel, in blocks 20 

Concentrated Lye 20 

Condensed Coffee 30 

Condensed Milk 3} cents 

Confectionery and Sugar Candy, 

sC. per Ib. and 35 

Copper, old and scrap in pigs, 
bars, rods, bolts, over six feet 
in length, ingots and sheating 
not planished or coated, and 
copper seamless drawn tubing Free 

Copper Wire "15 

Copper Wire twisted for manu 
facture of boots and shoes . . Free 
Copper Rollers, for use in calico 
printing, when imported by 
calico printers for use in their 
factory in the printing of calico 
and for no other purpose, such 
rollers not being manufactured 

in Canada Free 

Copper, in sheets Free 

Copper Bath, finished 30 

Copper,all manufactures of,n.e.s. 30 
Copper, precipitate of, crude ..Free 

Copperas, Sulphate of Iron Free 

Copy Books 35 

Copying Presses 30 

Cords and Tassels of silk or any 

other material 30 

Cordage, Cotton, of all kinds . . 25 
Cordage, n.e.s. IJc per Ib. and . 10 
Cordials (see Spirituous Liquors) 
Corduroy, white, 25 per cent. 

colored 30 

Corn, Indian 7ic. per bush. 

Cornmeal 40c. per bbl. 

Corks and manufactures of Cork 
wood or Cork -bark 20 

Cork-wood or bark, unmanufa..Free 
Corkscrews and Cork Drawers.. 27J 

Cornice Poles 30 

Corsets 32J 

Corset clasps, spoon clasps or 
busks, blanks, side steels and 
other corset steels, whether 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



55 



$ c. ad vol. 

plain, japanned, lacquered, 
tinned or covered with paper 
or cloth; also back, bone or 
corset wires, covered with paper 
or cloth, cut to lengths and 
tipped with brass or tin, or un- 
tipped, or in coils, 5c. p. Ib. and 20 
Cottolene, sub. for lard, 2c. p. Ib. 

Cotton, rajv Free 

Cotton covered Wire 30 

Cotton Seed in bulk 10 

Cotton Bed Quilts, white 25 

Cotton Quilts with woven col d 

border 30 

Cotton Belting- 20 

Cotton and J ute Tapestry 30 

Cotton and Linen Damasks 25 

Cottons, grey or unbleached, 

Fabrics 22 

Cotton fabrics, white or bleached 

n.e.s 25 

Cottons, Fabrics, printed, dyed, 

or colored 30 

Cotton, Linen and Silk Clothing, 
Corsets and other articles 

made from cotton fabrics 32J 

Cotton Handkerchiefs,printed or 

plain 30 

Cotton or Linen Shirts, costing 
more than 3 per dozen. 25 per 
cent., and a specific duty of 

$1 per dozen 

Cotton Shirts, n.e.s 35 

Cotton Undershirts and Drawers 

knitted 35 

Cotton-covered flat steel, cut to 
lengths, with brass on ends 5c. 

per Ib. , and 20 

Cotton warps and cotton yarns, 

dyed or undyed, n.e.s 25 

Cotton Yarns, number forty and 

fl ner Free 

Cotton Lamp WicK s 25 

Cotton or Linen Collars, 24 cts. 

per doz. and .... 25 

Cotton Parasols and Umbrellas. . 35 

Cotton Prunella Free 

Cotton Pillow Cases 32i 

Cotton, seamless bags 20~ 

Cotton, sewing thread, in hanks, 
black, bleached, or unbleach 
ed, three and six cord 12J 

Cotton, sewing thread, and crochet 

cotton on spools or in balls 25 

Cotton thread, all other, n.e.s .. 25 

Cotton Twine 25 

Cotton Towels and shawls 25 

Cotton Velveteens, Cotton Vel 
vets and Cotton Plush 30 

Cotton Fire Hose, lined with 

rubber 301 

Cotton wadding, batting, batts 

dyed or not 22 J 

Cotton warps and cotton yarns, 

dyed or undyed, n.e.s. . . 25 

Cottons, Jeans and G otitilles, for 
corset and dress stay makers, 

for use in their factories 25 

Cottons, manufactures of, n.e.s. 

See Cotton fabrics. 
Cotton Waste and Cotton Wool.. Free 

Cotton Seed Cake Free 

Cow Hair, unmanufactured Free 

Cow Hair manufactures, n.e.s ... 20 

Cracked Corn and Wheat 20 

Cranberries, plums and quinces 25 

Crapes, black 20 

Crocus, Compositon 25 

Crocks, earthenware, per gallon 

holding capacity 3 cts. 

Crop end of steel rails for the 

manuf . of steel, $4 per ton 

Crowbars 30 

Cream of Tartar in Crystals .... Free 

Cream of Tartar, other, n.e.s 20 

Crucibles of Plumbago Free 



$ c. ad val. 

Crucibles, Earthenware 30 

Cucumbers 25 

Cuffs, of Paper 35 

! Cuffs of Linen, Cotton, Celluloid, 

Xylonite or Xyolite, 4 cts. per 

pair, and 25 

Cultivators and parts thereof ... 20 
Cups or other prizes won in 

bona fide competitions Free 

Curry Cards and Combs 32i 

Curry Powders & 

Curling stones of granite Free 

Curtains, trimmed or untrimmed 30 
Cutlery : Knives, wholly or in 

part plated 35 

Cutlery, not elsewhere specified. 25 
Cut Flowers 20 

Damask of Cotton, or 

linen 25 

Decalcomanie, or transfer pict s. 

Cc. per Ib. and 20 

Deer, (glove leather) tinned or 
dressed, colored or not colored 10 

Deer Hair Free 

Degras 20 

Degras and Oleo-Stearine, when 
imported by manufacturers of 
leather for use in the manu 
facture of leather in their 

factories Free 

Dental instruments, of all kinds. 15 

Diamonds, set 25 

Diamonds, unset, dust or bort, 

and black Diamonds for borers. Free 
Diamond drills for prospecting 
for minerals, not to include 

motive power Free 

Dice, Ivory or bone, fancy 35 

Dogs . .... 20 

Doors, for safes and vaults, of 

iron or steel 30 

Door Knob Tops 32 

Dragon s Blood Free 

Drain pipes, sewerpipes. chimney 
linings or vents, and inverted 
blocks glazed or unglazed, and 

earthenware tiles 35 

Draughts and Chessmen of Ivory 

or bone, fancy 35 

Drawing Paper, mounted 30 

Drawings, n.e.s 20 

Dried Flowers 20 

Dried Roots, n.e.s Free 

Dried Vegetables 25 

Druggets (dyed cotton) 30 

Drugs, in a crude state, used in 

dyeing or tanning Free 

Dryer s Japan, 20e. per gal. and.. 20 
Dualin, Dynamite, Giant Powder 

and Nitro 4c. per Ib. 

Duck, for belting and hose, when 
imported by mfrs. of rubber 
goods for use in their factories. Free 

Dutch Metal or bronze 25 

Dye Wood, ground logwood and 

fustic Free 

Dyes, patent prepared Free 

Dyes, Aniline, and coal tar dyes, 
in bulk or packages of not less 
than 1 Ib. weight, including 
alizarine and artificial aliza 
rine Free 

Dyes, Aniline, n. e. s., less than 

1H&gt; 20 

Dye, jet black Free 

Dyeing or Tanning Articles in a 
crude state, used in dyeing or 
tanning, n.e.s Free 

Earth Closets 30 

Earthenware Tiles 35 

Earthenware Drain Tiles, not 

glazed 20 

Earthen ware an&lt;l Stoneware 

Demijohns or Jugs, Churns 



$ c. ad val. 
and Crocks, per gal. holding 

capacity, 3 cents per gal 

E a r t h e n ware and Stoneware, 
brown or col d, and Rocking- 
ham ware, white granite, or 
iron stoneware and C.C. ware, 
decorated, printed or sponged, 
and all earthenware n.e.s.... 30 

Eggs 3c. per doz. 

Elastic Rubber Thread Free 

Electric and Galvanic Batteries. 25 
Electric Lights, apparatus, parts 

of, when imported separately. 25 
Electro-plated Ware, wholly or 

in part electro or gilt 30 

Electrotypes, Stereotypes, and 
celluloids of books and bases, 
and copper shells for the same, 
whether composed wholly or 
in part of metal or celluloid . Free 
Electrot.vpes, Stereotypes, and 
celluloids for almanacs, calen 
dars, illustrated pamphlets, 
newspaper advertisements or 
engravings, and all other like 
work for commercial, trade or 
other purposes, n.e.s. ; and 
matrices or copper shells of the 

same 2c. per. sq. in. 

Electrntypes,Stereotypes,andcel- 
luloids of newspaper columns, 
and bases for the same, com 
posed wholly or partly of metal 
or celluloid, gc. per sq. in., and 
matrices or copper shells of the 

same 2c. per sq. in. 

Embalming Boards 30 

Embossed Paper, extra heavy, 
for cracked and damaged walls 35 

Embroideries, n.e.s 30 

Emery in bulk, crushed orgroundFree 

Emery and Sand Paper 20 

Emery Wheels 25 

Enamelled Iron Hollowware 35 

Engines, Locomotives 35 

Engines, Fire 35 

Engines, Fire, Chemical 35 

Engines, steam, of ships or other 
vessels built in any foreign 

country, etc 25 

Engines, all others, and boilers. 

n.e.s 27i 

Engravings and Prints 20 

Entomology, specimens of Free 

Envelopes, paper, of all kinds. . . 35 

Ergot Free 

Esparto, or Spanish Grass, and 
other grasses and pulp of, in 
cluding fancy grasses, driei I , but 
not colored or otherwise mf d.Free 
Essences or Extracts, mixed with 

spirits 2.25 peV I.G., and 30 

Essential Oils 10 

Ether, Sulphuric 5c. per Ib. 

Excelsior for Upholsterers use. . 25 
Extract of Logwood, fustic, oak, 

and of oak bark Free 

Extract of Malt, for medicinal 

purposes, n.e.s 25 

Extract of Fluid Beef, not medi 
cated 25 

Eyelets of Brass Free 

Eye glasses, finished 30 

Eye glasses, unfin d, and parts of 20 

Fancy Grasses, dried, but not 
colored nor otherwise mf d. . ..Free 

Fancy workboxes, writing desks, 
glove - boxes, handkerchief 
boxes, manicure cases, per 
fume cases, toilet cases and 
fancy cases for smokers seta, 
and all similar fancy articles 
made of bone, shell, horn, 
ivory, wood, leather, plush, 
satin, silk, satinette, or paper; 



56 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[189" 



$ c ad val. 

dolls and toys of all kinds, 
including sewing machines, 
when not more than 2 in 
value ; and toy whips, orna 
ments of alabaster, spar, am 
ber, terra cotta or composition 
statuettes and bead ornaments 

n.e.s 35 

Fans, to be rated accor. to mat. 

Farina lc, per Ib. 

Feathers, Undressed 2 

Feathers, n.e.s 30 

Feather Beds, Bolsters and 

Pillows 30 

Felt, pressed of all kinds, not 
filled or covered by or with 

any woven fabrics ^7j 

Felt, adhesive, for sheathing 

vessels Free 

Felt, printed as carpets 30 

Felt, Roofing, tarred or coated 25 

Felt Roofing, not tarred 25 

Felt Cloth, n.e.s., 5 c. perlb. and 25 
Ferro - manganese and Ferro- 

silicon 5 

Fertilizers, Artificial and Mineral 10 
Fibre, Mexican, Tampico orlstle.Free 
Fibre Ware, indurated fibre ware, 
vulcanized fibre ware and all 

articles of like material . . 25 

Fibre, vegetable, for manufactur 
ing purposes Free 

Fibrilla Free 

Filberts 2 cents per Ib. 

Files and Rasps 35 

Fillets of Cotton and Rubber not 
exceeding 7 inches wide, for 
manufacture of card clothing. Free 

Firearms 20 

Fire Bricks, for use exclusively 
in processes of manufactures, 
not to include stove linings. ..Free 

Fire Clay gas logs 2 

Fire Clay gas retorts 2 

Fire Clay retorts, crucibles 30 

FireClay Free 

Fire Works 25 

Fire Hose, of cotton or linen, 
lined with rubber, or of rubber 3 

Fire Dogs, iron 27 

Fish, and the products thereof, 

from Newfoundland Free 

Fish Skins and fish offal Free 

Fish. Mackerel, fresh, Ic. p. Ib. Free 
Herrings, Pickled or Salted, 
J cent, per Ib 

Salmon, pickled or salted, 
Ic. per Ib. 

Salmon, Fresh Free 

All other Fish, pickled or 
salted, in bbls. . . Ic. per Ib. 
Foreign caught fish, import 
ed otherwise than in bbls. 
or half bbls.,whetherfresh, 
dried, salted or pickled, 
n.e.s , 50 cents per 100 Ibs 
Smoked and Boneless Fish, 

1 cent per Ib 

Anchovies and Sardines, 
packedin oil or otherwise, 
in tin boxes, measuring 
not more than 5 in. long, 
4 in. wide, and 3J in. deep, 

5c. per box 

In half boxes, measuring not 
more than 5 in. long, 4 in. 
wide, and If deep 2Jc. 

per half box 

In quarter boxes, measuring 
not more than 4J in. long, 
3 in. wide, and 1J deep, 

2c. per quarter box 

Imported in any other form. 30 
Fish preserved in oil, except 

Anchovies and Sardines . . 30 
Salmon and all other fish pre- 



20 



3$ c. ad val. 
pared or preserved,includ- 

ing oysters, n.e.s 25 

Oysters shelled in bulk, 10 

cents per gal 

Oysters, canned, in cans not 
over one pint, 3 cents per 
can, including the cans . . 
Oysters in cans,over one pint 
and not over one quart, 5c 
per can including cans. . . 
Oysters in cans exceeding 
one qt., 5c. for each qt or 
f ractAon of a qt. of the capa 
city including the cans 5c. 

per quart 

Oysters in the shell 25 

Oysters Seed and Breeding 
imported for the purpose 
of being planted in Cana 
dian waters Free 

Packages containing Oysters 
or other Fish, not other 
wise provided for 25 

Oils, spermaceti, whale and 
other fish oils, and all 
other articles the produce 

of the fisheries, n.e.s 

Cans or packages made of 
tin or other material, con 
taining fish of any kind 
admitted free of duty un 
der any existing law or 
treaty, not exceeding one 
qt. in contents, lc. on each 
can or package, and when 
exceeding one qt. an addi 
tional duty of lie. for each 
additional qt. or-fractional 

part thereof 

Fish hooks, nets, seines, lines 
and twines, not to include 
sporting fishing tackle or hooks 
with flies, or trolling spoons, 
or threads or twines commonly 
used for sewing or manufac 
turing purposes Free 

Fish Hooks, n.e.s 27J 

Fish Nets, Seines 3 

Fishing Rods 3 

Fishing Hooks, with Flies 30 

Flagstones, sawn or otherwise 

dressed 30 

Flannels, of every description, 
n e s. (wool), 5c. per Ib and 25 

Flax, fibre Free 

Flax, tow of Free 

Flax Seed Free 

Flax Sail Twine 5 

Flax, manufactures of, n.e.s 20 

Flint, flints and ground flint 

stones Free 

Floor Earthenware Tiles 35 

Florist Stock, viz., palms, or 
chids, azaleas, cacti and flower 

bulbs of all kinds Free 

Flour, Buckwheat or Meal, Jc. 

per Ib 

Flour, of Corn He. per Ib. 

Flour of Rye 50c. per bbl. 

Flour of Wheat 75c. per bbl. 

Flour of Rice or Sago 25 

Fluting Machine, Iron 27J 

Fly Paper 35 

Fog Signals, detonating 30 

Folding Machines 10 

Folia Digitalis Free 

Food, Milk, and all similar prep. 30 
Foot Grease, refuse of cotton 
seed but not when treated 

with alkalies Free 

Forks, table cast iron, not 
handled nor ground, or other 
wise further manufactured .. 10 

Fossils Free 

Fowls, domestic, pure bred, also 
Homing or messenger pigeons, 



$ c. ad val. 

pheasants and quails for im 
provement of stock Free 

Fowls, other 20 

Frames, Clasps and Fasteners, 
for purses and chatelaine bags 
or reticules, not more than 7 
inches in diameter, when im 
ported by the manufacturers 

of same in their factories 2 

Fringes 30 

Fruit Syrups, Lime-juice, and 

fruit juices, n.o.p 8i&gt; 

Fruits dried, dessicated, or evap 
orated, Apples, Dates, Figs, 
and other dried, etc., fruits, 

n.e.s 2& 

Fruits, dried, Raisins, Currants, 

and Prunes, 1 ct. per Ib 

Fruits, Bananas, plantains, pine 
apples pomegranates, guavas, 
mangoes, and shaddocks ; wild 
blueberries, strawberries, and ^ 

raspberries Free 

Fruits, green, Grapes, 2c. per Ib. 
Fruits, Green, Blackberries, 
Gooseberries, Raspberries, 
Strawberries, Cherries, and 
Currants. The weight of the 
package to be included in the 
weight per duty. 2c. per Ib. 

n.e.s 

Fruits in air-tight cans or other 
packages. The weight of the 
cans or packages to be included 
in the weight for duty, 2J cts. 

perlb 

Fruits preserved in brandy and 

other spirits $2. 00 per I.G. 

Fuller s Earth Free 

Fuller s Earth, prepared 30 

Furniture, of wood, iron or any 
other material, for house, 
cabinet or office, fin. or in parts, 
including hair and spring and 
other mattresses, bolsters and 

pillows 30 

Fur Skins, of all kinds, not 

dressed in any manner Free 

Fur Skins, wholly or partially 

dressed 15 

Fur hats, caps, muffs, tippets, 
capes, coats, cloaks and other 
manufactures of fur 25&gt; 



Galvanized Nails and 

Spikes, wrought and pressed. 30 
Galvanized sheet iron, number 

17 gauge and thinner 

Galvanic Batteries 25 

Game 20 

Gannister Free 

Gas and Coal Oil, or Kerosene 

Fixtures, or parts thereof 27J 

Gas Coke Free 

Gas Meters 86 

Gas, for dentists and others 2 

Gelatine 25 

Gentian and Ginseng Root Free 

German spirits of nitrous ether 
(sweet nitre), $2. -25 imperial 

gallon, and 30 

German and Nickel Silver, manu 

factures of, not plated 

German and Nickel Silver, plated 

n.e.s 30 

German Silver, and Silver in 

sheets Free 

Giant powder, dualin, dynamite 

and other explosives 4c. per Ib. 

Gilling Twine, imported for the 

use of the fisheries Free 

Gilling Twines, linen thread 20 

Gilt ware, of all kinds, except 

jewellery 30 

Gin. See Spirituous Liquors . . . 
Ginger, Preserved 3 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



57 



$ c. ad val. 

Glacier, window decorations 

6c. per Ib. and 20 

Glass, crystal and decorated 
table-ware, made expressly for 
mounting with silver plated 
trimmings!, when imported by 
manufacturers of plated ware. 20 
Glass, ornamented, figured, and 
enamelled colored glass; paint 
ed and vitrified glass ; figured, 
enamelled and obscured white 
glass; and rough rolled plate 

glass 25 

Glass Stained Windows 30 

Glass, Carboys and Demijohns, 
empty or filled bottles and de 
canters, flasks and phials . . 30 
Glass, Flasks and Phials. Tele 
graph and Lightning Rod In 
sulators, Jars and Glass Balls, 
and cut, pressed or moulded 

tableware 30 

Glass, Lamp, Gas and Electric 
Light Shades, Lamps and Lamp 
Chimneys, side lights and head 
lights, Globes for Lanterns, 
Lamps.Gas and Electric Lights, 

n.e.s 30 

Glass bulbs for electric lights ... 10 
Glass, common and colorless 
window glass ; and plain color 
ed, stained, tinted or muffled 

glass in sheets 20 

Glass, imitation porcelain shades, 

and colored glass shades, not 

figured, painted, enamelled or 

engraved 30 

Glass and Emery Paper 20 

Glass, Plate, not coloured, in 
panes of not over 12 square 
feet each, 4 cts. per square ft., 
and when bevelled, 2 cts. per 

sq. ft. additional 

Glass, German looking glass, un- 

silvered 17J 

Glass, Plate, not coloured, in 
panes of over 12 and not over 
30 sq ft. 6c. per sq. ft., when 
bevelled, 2c. per sq. ft. add l . . 
Glass, Plate, in panes over 30 
under 70 sq. ft., Sc. per sq. ft, 
when bevelled, 2c. per sq. ft. 

additional 

Glass, Plate, in panes over 70 sq. 
ft. 9c. p. sq. ft., when bevelled 

2c.per sq. ft. additional 

Glass, Silvered 27J 

Glass, silvered, bevelled 32 J 

Glass, all other, and manufac 
tures of, n.o.p., including bent 

plate glass 20 

Glazier s hacking and putty 

knives 35 

Gloves and Mitts, of all kinds.. 35 
Glue, sheet, broken sheet and 

ground 25 

Glue, liquid 25 

Glucose and Glucose Syrup, IJc. 

per Ib 

Glycerine 20 

Goat Hair, unmanufactured.. ..Free 
Gold Beaters moulds and skins Free 
Gold Laces, Gold and SL ver 

Cloth or Thread 30 

Gold and Silver Bullion, in Bars, 
Blocks or Ingots, and Bullion 

Fringe Free 

Gold and Silver Ware, plated, 

n.e.s 30 

Gold Medals 25 

Gold and Silver leaf, and Dutch 

or schlag metal leaf 25 

Gold and Silver, manufactures 

of, n.e.s 25 

Gongs for doors, as bells 25 

Gooseberry bushes 20 



&lt; c. ad val. 
Grafting Stock. (See Seedling 

Stock) Free 

Grape Vines 20 

Grain, of all kinds when dam 
aged by water in transitu (on 

appraised value) 20 

Granite Ware, Enamelleo Iron 

Ware 35 

Grass, Manilla and Sea Grass. . .Free 

Grass, manufactures of, n.e.s 20 

Gravels Free 

I Grease, rough, the refuse of ani 
mal fat, when imported by the 
manufacturers of soap for use 
in their own factory only . . . .Free 

Grease, Axle 25 

; Grease, Foot, refuse of cotton 
seed after oil is pressed out . . Free 

Grease, other, n.e.s 20 

Grindstones, not mounted, and 
not less than twelve inches in 

diameter SI. 75 per ton. 

Grindstone Fixtures 27J 

Guano, and other animal and 

vegetable manures Free 

Gums, Amber, Arabic, Australian, 
Elemy, Copal, Damar, Kaurie, 
Mastic, Sandarac, Senegal, and 
Shellac ; and White Shellac in 
gum or flake, for manufactur 
ing purposes ; and Gum Tra- 
gacanth, Gum Gedda and Gum 

Barberry Free 

Gum, British, Dextrine, Sizing 

Cream arid Enamel Sizing... 10 
Gum, sappato and chicle, crude.Free 

Gum Opium, powdered 

SI. 35 per Ib. 

Gum Opium, prepared for smok 
ing $5 per Ib 

Gum, opium (drug), SI per Ib.. 
Gums, Assafoetida, Camphor and 

others n.e.s 20 

Gunpowder, Gun, Rifle, Sporting, 

Cannon and Musket, Canister. 

3c. per Ib. 

Gunpowder, blasting and min 
ing 2 cents per Ib. 

Guns, Rifles and Muskets 20 

Gut and Worm Gut, manufac 
tured or unmanufactured, for 

whip and other cord Free 

Gutta Percha clothing or cloth 
ing made waterproof with 

Gutta Percha 35 

Gutta Percha, crude Free 

Gutta Percha, manf. of 25 

Gypsum, crude (sulphate of lime)Free 

Hair, cleaned or uncleaned, but 
not curled or otherwise manu 
factured Free 

Hair, curled 20 

Hair Cloth of all kinds 30 

Hair Mattresses 30 

Hair, Plasterers and manufac 
tures of, n.e.s 20 

Hair Oils, Pomatums and Pastes, 
and all other perfumed prep 
arations used for the hair, 

mouth and skin 30 

I Hair Pins 30 

Hammers, Blacksmith Hammers. 35 

Hammers, other, n.e.s 35 

Hammocks and lawn tennis nets 
and other like articles manu 
factured of twine, n.e.s 30 

Hams, salted, dried or smoked. 

2 cts. per Ib. 

Harness and saddlery of every 
description, and parts of same 30 

Hatchets, n.e.s 35 

Hat Boxes 30 

Hat Covers of rubber 25 

Hats, caps and bonnets, n.e.s. ... 30 
Hatters bands, bindings, tips and 



$ c. ad val. 

sides, linings, both tips and 
sides, hat sweats, when im 
ported by hat manufacturers 
for use in their factories in the 

manufacture of hats Free 

Hatters plush, of silk or cotton, 

and furs, not on the skin Free 

Hay $2 per ton. 

Heinlock, Bark Free 

Hemp Paper, made on four- 
cylinder machines and calen 
dered to between .006 and .008 
inch thickness, for manufac 
ture of shot shells, primers for 
the manufacture of shot shells 
and cartridges and felt board, 
sized and hydraulic pressed 
and covered with paper or 
uncovered for the manufac 
ture of gun-wads, when such 
articles are imported by the 
manufacturers of shot shells, 
cartridges, and gun-wads to 
be used for these purposes 
only in their own factories ; 
provided always that the said 
articles when imported shall 
be entered only at such port 
or ports as may be named by 
the Controller of Customs and 

at no other place Free 

Hemp undressed Free 

Hemp, manufactures of, n.e.s. . . 2* 
Hickory Spokes, rough turned, 
not tenoned, mitred, throat 
ed, faced, sized, cut to length, 
round tenoned or polished ..Free 
Hides, raw whether dried, salted 

or pickled Free 

Hob Nails 30 

Hoes 35 

Holly 20 

Hominy, in bbls., 40 cts. per bbl. 
Honey, in the comb or other 
wise, andadulterationsand imi 
tations thereof . . 3 cts. per Ib. 
Hoofs, horns and horn tips .... Free 
Hoop Skirts & similar goods, n.e.s. 32J 

Hops, 6 cents per Ib 

Hop extract and hop roots 20 

Horns, in the rough Free 

Horn Strips Free 

Horse Clothing, shaped, n.o.p., 

5c. per Ib. and 30 

Horse clothing of jute, shaped or 

otherwise manufactured 3t 

Horses, n e.s 20 

Hosiery, of Silk 35 

House Furnishing Hardware, 
rated according to material. 
Hubs, rough hewn or sawn only,Free 

Hymn Books Free 

Hydrants, Valves and Watergates 
(iron) 27J 

Ice Free 

Ice Boxes 3 

Illuminating Oils, composed 
wholly or in part of the pro 
ducts of petroleum, coal, shale 
or lignite, costing more than 

30c. per gal 25 

Incense 20 

Indian Corn of the varieties 
known as " Southern White 
Dent Corn," or horse tooth 
ensilage corn, and " Western 
Yellow Dent Corn," or horse 
tooth ensilage corn, when im 
ported to be sown for soiling 

and ensilage only Free 

Indian Corn, 7.\ cents per bush.. 

Indian Corn Meal, ICc per bbl. 

IndianCorn and Corn Meal, when 

damaged by water in transitu 

on appraised value 20 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[1897 



&lt;$ c. ad vol. 

India Rubber Boots and Shoes 

with tops or uppers of cloth or 

of material other than rubber. 30 

India Rubber Boots and Shoes 

and other manufactures of 

India Rubber, n.e.s 26 

India Rubber Clothing, or cloth 
ing made waterproof with 

India Rubber, n.e.s 35 

India Rubber Hose, Belting, 
Packing, Mats and Matting, 
and Cotton, and Linen Hose, 

lined with rubber 32i 

India Rubber, unmanufactured. Free 
India Rubber, Crude and Hard 
Rubber in sheets, but not fur 
ther manufactured, and re 
covered Rubber and Rubber 

substitute Free 

Indigo Free 

Indigo Auxiliary or Zinc Dust . . Free 

Indigo Paste and Extract of Free 

Infants Food, all kinds 30 

Ink, for writing 20 

Ink, for printing 20 

Inkstands, n.e.s 30 

Insect Powder, n.e.s 20 

Iodine, crude Free 

Iodine, resublimed 20 

Iris, Orris Root Free 

Isinglass 25 

Iron Sand or Globules and Dry 
Putty, for polishing granite ... 20 

Iron Borings Free 

Iron Liquor, solution of acetate 
of iron for dyeing and calico 

printing Free ! 

Iron, &lt; &gt;xide of, dry 25 

IRON & STEEL & MANUFAC. OP: 

Adzes 35 i 

Anchors Free 

Angles, rolled iron or steel 
Angles, Channels, Structural 
Shapes and Special Sections, 
weighing less than 35 Ibs. per 
lineal yd.. 35%, but not less 
than 10 per ton. 
Angles, rolled iron or steel an 
gles, channels and special 
sections, weighing not less 
than 35 Ibs. per lineal yard, 
and rolled iron or steel 
beams, joists, girders, column 
sections, trough sections, and 
other building or bridge 
.structural sections, weighing 
not less than 25 Ibs. per 
lineal yard, and rolled iron 
or steel bridge plate not less 
than | of an inch thick, nor 
less than 15 inches wide, and 
flat eye bar blanks, not 

punched or drilled 12 

Angles for iron or composite 

ships or vessels Free 

Axes, chopping axes 35 

Axes of all kinds, Adzes, 

Hatchets, andHammers, nes 35 
Axles, springs and parts there 
of, axle bars and axle blanks 
of iron or steel for railway or 
tramway vehicles, 820 per 

ton, but not less than 35 

Axles, springs and parts there 
of, axle bars and axle blanks 
of iron or steel, not else 
where specified, Ic. per Ib. 

and 20 

Balances 30 

Bars, Crowbars 30 

Bar Iron, rolled or hammered, 
comp. rounds, squares, and 
bars and shapes of rolled 
iron or steel, not more than 
four inches in diameter, and 
flats not thinner than No. 16 



&lt;P c. ad val. 

gauge, whether in coils, 
bundles, rods or bars, n.e.s., 

$10 per ton 

Barbed Wire Fencing of iron 

or steel } cent per Ib. 

Steel rails, weighing not less 
than 45 Ibs. per lineal yard, 
for use in railway tracks ; 
but this item shall not ex 
tend to rails for use in the 
tracks of railways used or 
intended for private pur 
poses only, nor shall it ex 
tend to rails which are not 
used or intended to be used 
in connection with the busi 
ness of common carrying 
of either goods or passengers 
nor shall this item extend to 
rails for use in the tracks of 
street railways or tramways. Free 
Iron or steel railway bars or 
rails of any form, punched 
or not punched, n.e.s., for 
railways, which term for the 
purposes of this item shall 
include all kinds of railways, 
street railways and tram 
ways, even although the 
same are used for private 
purposes only, and even al 
though they are not used or 
intended to be used in con 
nection with the business of 
common carrying of goods 

or passengers 30 

Boiler tubes of wrought iron or 
steel, including corrugated 
tubes or flues for marine 

boilers 7J 

Bowls for Cream Separators, 

steel Free 

Bolts with or without threads 
or nuts, and bolt blanks, Ic. 

per Ib. and 20 

Bridges, iron and structural 

iron works, 30 per cent., but 

not less than Ic. per Ib. 

Bridge Plate not less than fths 

of an inch thick, nor less 

than 15 inches wide 12J 

Canada plates 5 

Cast Iron Vessels, Plates, 
Stove Plates and Irons, Sad 
Irons, Hatters Irons, Tailors 

Irons 27J 

Castings, other, n. e. s., iron. . 25 

Chain Traces, iron 30 

Chains, iron or steel, f s of an 

inch in diameter 5 

Chains, other, n.e.s 27 

Clock Springs 25 

Clock Springs and Corset Steels 
to be flat wire of steel of 
No. 16 gauge or thinner, 
to be used in the manufac 
ture of dressed stays, crino 
line and corset wire ; steel 
of No. 20 gauge and thinner, 
but not thinner than No. 30 
gauge, to be used in the 
manufacture of corset steels, 
clock springs & shoe shanks, 
when imported hy the manu 
facturers of such articles for 

use in their factories Free 

Crowbars 30 

Orucible cast steel wire Free 

Crucible Sheet Steel, 11 to 16 
gauge, 2J to 18 in. wide, 
when imported by manufac 
turers of mower and reaper 
knives for the manufacture 
of such knives in their own 

factories Free 

Wrought Scrap Iron and Scrap 



$ c. ad val. 

Steel, being waste or refuse 
wrought iron or steel, fit only 
to be re-manufactured, the 
same having been in actual 
use, not to include cuttings 
or clippings which can be 
used as iron or steel without 
re-manufacture, and steel 
bloom ends and crop ends of 
steel rails, 3 per ton ; and 
on and after the first day of 
January, 1895, #4 per ton. 

Iron or Steel, being pieces, 
punchings, or clippings of 
boiler plate or other plates, 
sheets or bars of iron or 
steel, whether the same have 
had the ragged or cropped 
ends or edges sheared off or 
not, and crops from iron or 
steel rails having both ends 
sawn or sheared off, the same 
not having been in actual 
use and being fit for re- 
rolling or re-manufacture 
only, 4 per ton. 

Engines, Locomotive 35 

Engines, Steam Engines, boil 
ers and machinery , composed 
wholly or in part of iron or 
steel, n.e.s 27J 

Fencing, Buckthorn and Strip, 
iron or steel, i cent per Ib. 

Ferro Manganese, Ferro Sili 
con, Speigel 5 

Files and Rasps 30 

Files, Steel, for the manufac 
ture of, when imported by 
file manufacturers for use 
in their factories Free 

Fishplates, Railw y Fish Plates 
and Tie Plates, $10 per ton. 

Forgings of iron and steel, of 
whatever shape, or in what 
ever stage of manufacture, 
n.e.s., 35 per cent., but not 
less than 15 per ton. 

Forks, table, cast iron, not 
handled nor ground or other 
wise further manufactured. . 10 

Furniture of any material .... 30 

Garden Rakes, Hay Knives, 
Scythes, Lawn Mowers, 
Rakes, n.e.s., pronged Forks 
of all kinds and hoes 35 

Hinges, T and strap, and Hinge 
Blank, Ic. per Ib. and 20 

Hollowware, of cast or wrought 
iron, n. e. s 27J 

Hollowware, enamelled 35 

Horse Shots, and horse shoe 
nails 30 

Hoop Iron, not exceeding three 
eighths of an inch in width 
and being No. 25 gauge or 
thinner, used for the manu 
facture of tubular rivets. . Free 

Iron or Steel Sheets, Hoops, 
Bands and Strips, n.e.s., 
other iron or steel of all 
widths sheet iron, common 
or black, smoothed, polished, 
coated or galvanized, and 
Canada plates, No. 17 gauge 
and thinner 5 

Iron or Steel Hoops, Bands and 
Strips S inches and less in 
width, No. 18 gauge and 
thicker $10 per ton. 

Iron or Steel Plates or Sheets, 
sheared or unsheared, and 
skelp iron or steel, sheared 
or rolled in grooves, and iron 
or steel of all widths thicker 
than No. 17 gauge, n.e.s., 
10 per ton. 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



59 



$ c. ad val. 

Iron or Steel Ingots, Cogged 
Ingots, Blooms and Slabs, 
billets and puddled bars, 
loops or other forms less 
finished than iron or steel 
bars, but more advanced 
than pig iron, except cast 
ings 5 per ton. 

Iron or Steel Beams, Sheet s, 
Plates, Angles and Knees, 
for iron or composite ships 
or vessels Free 

Iron Masts for ships, or parts of Free 

Wrought Iron or Steel Nuts 
and Washers, iron or steel 
rivets, bolts with or without 
threads, nut and bolt 
blanks, less than f of an 
inch in diameter, Ic. per 
Ib. and 25 

Wrought Iron or Steel Nuts 
and Washers, iron or steel 
rivets, bolts with or without 
threads, nut and bolt and 
hinge blanks, n. e. s., and T 
and strap hinges, Ic.p.lb. and 20 

Iron, all articles rated as iron 
or manufacture of iron shall 
be chargeable with the same 
rate of duty, if made of steel, 
or of steel and iron com 
bined, unless otherwise pro 
vided for. 

Knife Blades or Knife Blanks 
in the rough, for use by 
electro-platers 10 

Knives, Reapers and Mowers 
Knives 20 

Locks 32J 

Locomotive and Car Wheel 
Tires of Steel, in the rough . Free 

Manufactured articles of iron, 
brass or steel which at the 
time of their importation 
are of a class or kind not 
manufactured in Canada, 
imported for use in the con 
struction or equipment of 
ships or vessels Free 

Manufactures, Articles, or 
Wares not specially enumer 
ated or provided for, com 
posed wholly or in part of 
iron or steel, and whether 
partly or wholly manufact d. 27J 

Mattocks 35 

Nails and Spikes, wrought and 
pressed, galvanized or not, 
Horseshoe Nails, and all 
other Wrought Iron or Steel 
Nails, n. e. s., and Horse, 
Mule or Ox Shoes 30 

Nails, cut Nails and Spikes of 
iron or steel, including rail 
road spikes fc. per Ib. 

Nail Rods, Swedish rolled 
iron, under i in. in diameter, 
for the manufacture of horse 
shoe nails and Swedish 
rolled iron, rods, under in. 
in diameter and of not less 
than l|c. per Ih. value 15 

Nails, composition, spikes and 
sheathing nails 15 

Name Plates, enamelled 35 

Needles, steel, viz., Cylinder 
Needles. Hand Frame Need 
les and Latch Needles 30 

Needles, steel, n.o.p 30 

Other Steel, ri.e.s 27J 

Picks, mattocks, grub-hoes, 
adzes, hatchets, and eyes or 
poles for same, and tools of 
all descriptions, n.e.s 35 

Pig: Iron, Iron Kentledge and 
Scrap Iron 4 per ton. 



ty c. ad val. 

Pipes, cast iron, $10 per ton. 
but not less than 35 

Planing Mills and parts of in 
any stage of manufacture. . . 30 

Plates, Scraper Plates 27J 

Plates engraved on steel 20 

Plates, Steel Plates, less than 
30 inches wide and not less 
than J of an inch thick 12J 

Plates, cast-iron plates, and 
stove plates, and irons, sad 
irons, hatters irons and 
tailors irons 27J 

Plate, Canada Plate 5 

Plates, Saw Plates, cut to shape 
onl3 ,not otherwise man f d..Free 

Plough Plate, mould boards, 
and land sides, and other 
plates for agricultural im 
plements, when cut to shape 
from rolled plates of steel, 
but not moulded, punched, 
polished or otherwise manu 
factured and being of a 
greater value than 4c. a Ib . . 5 

Portable Steam Engines, 
Threshers, Separators, Horse 
Power, Portable Saw Mills 
and Planing Mills, and parts 
of 30 

Puddled Bars, 5 per ton 

Pumps of all kinds and wind 
mills 30 

Railway Bars and Rails, iron 
or steel, for railwaj s and 
tramway?. (See Steel Rails. ) 

Rivets, iron or steel, Bolts 
with or without threads, or 
nut or bolt blanks. (See 
wrought iron or steel nuts, 
etc.) 

Rods, of steel, rolled, under 
half an inch in diameter, or 
under half inch square, im 
ported by knob or lock 
manufacturers, or cutlers, 
for use exclusively in such 
manufacture in their own 
factories Free 

Rolled iron tubes, not welded, 
under li inch in diameter. 
Angle Iron, 9 and 10 gauge, 
not over 1J inch wide, Iron 
Tubing, lacquered or brass 
covered, not over 1 inch 
diameter, all of which are to 
be cut to lengths for the 
manufacture of bedsteads, 
and to be used for no other 
purpose ; when imported for 
the manufacturers of iron 
bedsteads, to be used for 
these purposes only, in their 
own factories, until such 
time as any of the said 
articles are manufactured in 
Canada Free 

Rope, Raw Hide, as Belting, 
being so used 20 

Safes, doors for safes and 
vaults, scales, balances and 
weighing beams of iron or 
steel 30 

Saws of all kinds . . 32J 

Scrap iron and scrap steel, old, 
and only fit to be remanufac- 
tured, being part of or re 
covered from any vessel 
wrecked in water subject to 
the jurisdiction of Canada.. Free 

Screws, commonly called Wood 

Screws. 
2 inches or over in length, 3 

cents per i b 

1 inch and less than two 
inches in length, 6c. per Ib. 



$ c. ad val. 

Less than 1 inch, 8c. per Ib. , 
provided that the duty shall 
not be less than 35 per cent. 

Screws, iron, steel, brass, or 
other metals, n.e.s 30 

Scythes 35 

Sheet Iron, common or black, 
No. 17 gauge and thinner. . . 5 

Sheet Iron Signs, not framed. 25 

Sheet Iron. (See iron or steel 
sheets, etc.) 

Sheet Iron, for iron or compo 
site ships Free 

Sheets, Crucible Sheets, steel, 
11 to 16 gauge,2J to 18 inches 
wide, imported by manufac 
turers of mower and reaper 
knives for manufacture of 
such knives in their own fac 
tories Free 

Shoes, horse, mule and ox 

shoes 30 

Shovels and spades, shovel and 
spade blanks, and iron or 
steel cut to shape for same, 
50c. per doz. and 25 

Skates, 10 cents per pair and. . 30 

Skates, steel for, valued at 2i 
cents per Ib. and over Free 

Sledges 30 

Steels, table and butchers 
steels 35 

Steel of No. 12 gauge and thin 
ner, but notthinnerthan No. 
30 gauge, imported by manu 
facturers of buckle clasps 
and ice-creepers, to be used 
in the manufacture of such 
articles only in their own 
factories Free 

Steel for the manufacture of 
Hammers, Augers, and Au 
ger Bits, when imported by 
the Manufacturers of such 
articles for use in their own 
factories only Free 

Steel, Nos. 24 and 17 gauge, in 
sheets 63 inches long and 
from 18 inches to 32 inches 
wide for the manufacture of 
Tubular Bow Sockets, when 
imported by the Manufac 
turers for their own factories 
only Free 

Steel, manufactures of. orparts 
of iron and parts steel, n.e.s. 27i 

Stoves 27i 

Stove Plates 27* 

Swords 27J 

Wedges 30 

Iron and manufactures of, or 

part iron or part steel, n.e.s. .. 27 J 

Strips specially imported for 
the manufacture of buck 
thorn and plain strip fencing 
for use in their factories. . . .Free 

Tacks, cut, brads or sprigs, not 
exceeding 16 ounces to the 
thousand, U cts. per 1,000. 

Tacks, shoe, f to 4 oz. to the 
thousand, Ic. per thousand. 

Tacks, cut, brads or sprigs, ex 
ceeding 16 ounces to the 
thousand, H- cents per Ib. . . 

Track tools, wedges, crowbars 
and sledges 30 

Traps 27J 

Tubing, wrought iron, over 2 
inches diameter 15 

Tubing, of lap-welded iron, 
threaded and coupled or not, 
one and one-quarter to two 
inches inclusive in diameter, 
for use exclusively in artesian 
wells, petroleum pipe lines 
and petroleum refineries 20 



60 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[1897 



$1 c ad val. 

Tubes not welded nor more 
than 1J inch in diameter of 

rolled steel 15 

Tubes or pipes, other wrought 
iron or steel, ,^ of one cent 

and 30 

Washers, n.e.s., Ic Ib. and. . . 20 
Provided that on all iron and 
steel bars, rods, strips, or 
steel sheets of whatever 
shape, and on all iron or 
steel bars of irregular shape 
or section, cold rolled, cold 
hammered or polished in any 
way, in addition to the 
rdinary process of hot roll 
ing or hammering, there 
shall be paid one-sixth of one 
cent per pound in addition 
to the rate imposed on the 

said materials 

And provided, further, that all 
articles rated as iron or 
manufactures of iron shall 
be chargeable with the same 
rate of duty if made of steel, 
or of steel and iron combin 
ed, unless otherwise special 
ly provided for. 
Ivory Knives and Folders and 

fancy manufactures 35 

Ivory and Ivory Nuts, unmanu 
factured and" Veneers, sawn 

only Free 

Ivory Veneer, other 20 

Ivory, manufactures of, n.e.s 20 

Ivory Vaccine Points Free 

Jack Screws of every descrip 
tion, n.e.s 35 

Jalap Root Free 

Jams, Jellies, and Preserves, 

3J cts. per Ib 

Japanned and Stamped Tinware, 

&c 25 

Jerseys, ladies , 5 cts. per Ib. 

and 30 

Jewellery and manufactures of 

gold and silver 25 

Jews Harps 35 

Junk, old Free 

Jute and Jute Butts Free 

Jute, carpeting or matting&mats 25 
Jute Cloth, as taken from the 
loom, neither pressed, mangl 
ed, calendered, nor in any way 

finished Free 

Jute, coloured fabrics, part cot 
ton yarns or other material.. 30 
Jute, manufactures of, n.e.s. ... 20 
Jute Yarn, flax or hemp, plain, 
dyed or colored, when im 
ported by manufacturers of 
carpets, rugs, mats, jute web 
bing or cloth, and twines, for 
use in their own factories Free 

Kainite, or German potash 

salts for fertilizers Free 

Kelp Free 

Kerosene and Coal Oil fixtures 

or parts thereof 27J 

Knives, oyster knives 35 

Knitting Machines 27j 

Knitting Needles and Machine 
Needles and needles of all 

kinds 30 

Kryolite or Cryolite Free 

Labels, for fruit, vegetables, 
meat, fish, confectionery, and 
other goods, also tickets, 
posters, "advertising bills and 
folders, whether lithographed 
or printed, 15 cts. per Ib. and . 25 



&lt;$ c. ad val. 
liac-Dye, crude, seed, button, 

stick and shell Free 

.aces, boot, shoe and stay 30 

^aces, braids, fringes, embroi 
deries, cords, tassels, and 
bracelets elastic round or flat, 
including garter elastic, braids, 
chains, or cords of hair ; lace 
collars and all similar goods, 
lace nets and nettings of 
cotton, silk, linen or other 
materials, table cloths and cur 
tains, when made up trimmed 
or untrimmed, and belts of all 

kinds 30 

Lamb and Sheep Skins, tanned 

dressed, waxed or glazed 17J 

Lamp Reflectors 30 

LampShades, made of paper. .. 35 

Lamp Wicks 25 

Lamp Springs 10 

Lamp Black and Ivory Black. . . Free 

Lap Robes, rubber 35 

Lard and Lard compound, and 
similar substances, cottolene 
and animal stearine of all 

kinds, n.e.s. 2c. per Ib 

Lard Oil 20 

Lastings, mohair cloth, or other 
manufactures of cloth when 
imported by manufacturers of 
buttons for use in their own 
factories and woven or made in 
patterns of such size, shape or 
form, or cut in such manner as 
to be fit for covering buttons 

exclusively Free 

Lava, unmanufactured Free 

Lava, manufactures of, fancy. ... 35 
Lead, bars, blocks and sheets, 

60 cts. per 100 Ibs 

Lead, old scrap and pig, 40 cts. 

per 100 Ibs 

Lead pipe and shot, ^ of a cent 

per Ib. , and 25 

Lead, Nitrate and Acetate of, 

not ground Free 

Lead Pencils of all kinds, in wood 

or otherwise 25 

Lead, manufactures of, n.e.s. ... 30 

Leather, upper, including don- 

gola, cordovan, kid, lamb, 

sheep, kangaroo, alligator, 

chamois, and calf dressed, 

waxed or glazed 171 

Leather and skins, n.o. p., tanned, 

belting leather, and sole leather 15 
Leather Belting or other material 

n.e.s 20 

Leather Board and Leatheroid 
and boot and shoe counters 

made therefrom 20 

Leathers, Glove, when imported 
by glove manufacturers for 
use in their factories in the 
manufacture of gloves, viz., 
lamb, kid, buck, deer, ante 
lope and water-hog, tanned 
or dressed, coloured or un- 

coloured l n 

Leather, Morocco Skins, tanned, 

but not further manufact d ... 15 
Leather, Patent, Japanned or 

enamelled, and Morocco leather 22 J 
Leather, Sole, tanned, but rough 

or undressed 10 

Leeches Free 

Lentils, Fresh 25 

Lime Juice and Fruit Juices 
containing not more than 
twenty-five per cent, of proof 
spirits, 60c. per gal. ; when 
more than 25 per cent., $2 

per gal 

Lime Juice and other fruit juices, 



n.o.p. 



20 



$c. ad. val. 

Lime Juice, Crude only Free 

Lime 20 

Lime, Chloride of Free 

Linen, damask 25 

Linen Canvas, when to be used 

for boats and ships sails 5 

Liquorice Paste 20 

Liquorice Root, not ground Free 

Liquorice, stick or roll 20 

Litharge Free 

Lithographic Presses 10 

Lithographic Stones, not en 
graved 20 

Litmus and all Lichens, prepared 

and not prepared Free 

Lobsters, preserved 25 

Lobsters, alive 20 

Locks, other, n.e.s 32J 

Locomotives and Railway Pas 
senger, Baggage and Freight 
Cars, being the property of 
railway companies in the U. S. 
running upon any line of road 
crossing the frontier so long as 
Canadian locomotives and cars 
are admitted free under similar 
circumstances into the U.S., 
under regulations to be pre 
scribed by the Controller of 

Customs Free 

Locust Beans and Locust Bean 

Meal Free 

Logwood, Fustic, Oak and Oak 

Bark, extracts of Free 

Logwood, compound extract of . . 20 
Logs and r d unman, tim r, n.e.s.Free 



Mace and Nutmegs 25 

Maocaroni and Vermicelli 25 

Machines, Dating 27 

Machinery, n.e.s 27 

Machinery, Mining and Smelting, 
imported prior to the 16th day 
of May, 1896, which is at the 
time of its importation of a 
class or kind not manufactured 

in Canada Free 

Madder and Munjeet. or Indian 
Madder, ground and prepared, 

and all extracts of Free 

Magic Lanterns and slides there 
for, philosophical, photo 
graphic, mathematical and 

optical instruments, n.e.s 25 

Magnesia 20 

Magnesia Fluid 50 

Malt, upon entry for Warehouse, 
subject to Excise Regulations, 

15 cents per bush 

Malt, extract of, (non-alcoholic) 

for medical purposes, n.e.s 25 

Manganese, Oxide of Free 

Mangles 27fc 

Manilla Hoods 20 

Mantels, Slate 30 

Manures, Guano, and other man 
ures Free 

Manuscripts & Insurance Maps.. Free 
Maps, Charts, for the use of 
schools for the blind, and 
Globes, Geographical, Topo 
graphical, and Astronomical, 

n.e.s Free 

Marble Blocks from the quarry, 

in the rough Free 

Maple Sugar 20 

Marble Blocks and Slabs, sawn 

on more than two sides 20 

Marble Slabs, sawn on not more 

than two sides 10 

Marble, finished, and all manufs. 

of, n. e.s 30 

Matches, wax or wood 25 

Mattresses, hair, spring and other 30 

Matting, Cocoa 25 

Meats, fresh, n.e.s., 3 cts. per Ib. 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



61 



$ c. ad ml. 

Meats, canned, and canned poul 
try and game and soups 25 

Meats, extract of fluid beef not 

medicated 25 

Meats, n.e.s., 2c. per lb., when 
in barrel the barrel to be free. 

Meat Staffers 27J 

Meats, Poultry and Game, n.o.p. 20 
Meats, Mutton and Lamb, fresh. 35 

Medals, gold or silver 25 

Medals, German or nickel silver. 25 
Medals, brass, bronze, or plated . 30 
Medicines, Patent, Proprietary, 
viz: all tinctures, pills, 
powders, troches or lozenges, 
syrups, cordials, bitters, ano 
dynes, tonics, plasters, lini 
ments, salves, ointments,paste, 
drops, waters, essences, oils, 
and all medicinal, chemical 
and pharmaceutical prepara 
tions, when compounded of 
more than one substance, 
n.o.p., all liquids, 50 per cent.; 
provided that this item shall 
not be held to include drugs 
and preparations recognized 
by the British and the United 
States Pharmacopoeia and 
French Codex as officinal. 
Medicines, Patent, all other, n.e.s. 25 
All medicinal preparations, 
whether chemical or other 
wise, usually imported with 
the name of the manfr., shall 
have the true name of such 
manfr., and the place where 
they are prepared, perman 
ently and legibly affixed 
to each parcel, by stamp, 
label, or otherwise, and all 
medicinal preparations imp. 
without such names so 
affixed shall be forfeited. 

Meerschaum, crude or raw Free 

Menageries, horses, cattle, carri 
ages and harnesses of, under 
regulations prescribed by the 

Controller of Customs Free 

Mercury or quicksilver Free 

Metal Composition, n.e.s 20 

Metal, yellow metal in bars, 

bolts, and for sheathing Free 

Mica 20 

Microscopes 25 

Milk food and other similar pre 
parations SO 

Milk condensed, 3Je. per lb. ; 

Coffee condensed with Milk. . . 30 
Mill board, not straw board. .... 10 
Mineral Waters, natural, not in 

bottles Free 

Mineral Waters, n.e.s 20 

Mineral and Bituminous sub 
stances, n.e.s 20 

Mineralogy Specimens Free 

Models (original) of Inventions 
and other Improvements in the 
Arts; but no article or articles 
shall be deemed a model which 

can be fitted for use Free 

Molasses, produced in the pro 
cess of the manufacture of 
cane sugar from the juice of 
the cane, when imported in 
the original packages from 
the district where produced 
in the country where the cane 
was grown, and which has not 
been subjected to any process 
of treating or mixture after 
leaving the country from 
which originally shipped. 
(a) Testing by polariscope, 
forty degrees or over, a 
specific duty of 1| c. p. gal. 



$ c. ad val. 

(b) When testing less than 
40 degrees, and not less 
than 35 degrees, a specific 
duty of 1J cts. per gallon, 
and in addition thereto 1 
cent, per gallon for each 
degree or fraction of a de 
gree less than forty degr es 
The packages (when of wood) 
in which imported to be in 
all cases exempt from duty. 

Molasses, gates 27J 

Molasses and Syrups of all kinds, 
n.o.p., the product of the 
sugar cane or beet root, n.e.s., 
and all imitations thereof or 
substitutes therefor, fc. per 
pound. 

Moss, Iceland and other Mosses, 
and seaweed and seagrass, 
crude or in their natural state 

or cleaned only Free 

Moss, other, n.e.s 20 

Mouldings, of wood, plain 20 

Mouldings of wood, gilded or 
otherwise further manuf. than 

plain 25 

Mowing Machines, self-binding 
harvesters, harvesters without 
binders, binding attachments, 
reapers, sulky and walking 
ploughs, harrows, cultivators, 
seed drills and horse rakes.. . 20 
Muslin, plant bed muslin, white 

cotton 25 

Music, printed, bound or in 

sheets, lOc per lb 

Musical Instruments, n.o.p 25 

Musk, in pods or in grains Free 

Mustard Cake 15 

Mustard, ground 25 

Mustard, French mustard, liquid, 
as sauce 35 

Naptha, wood naptha or wood 

alcohol, 2.25 per imp. gal 

Naptha, n.e.s., 6c. per imp. gal. 

Needles, Knitting 30 

Needles, Steel, all other 30 

Newspapers or supplemental edi 
tions or parts thereof, partly 
printed and intended to be 
completed and published in 

Canada 25 

Newspapers and quarterly, 
monthly and semi-monthly 
Magazines, and weekly literary 

papers, unbound Free 

Newspapers and Magazines, if 

bound 6c. per lb. 

Nickel Free 

Nickel Anodes 10 

Nickel and German Silver, manf. 

of, not plated 25 

if plated 30 

Nitrate of Soda or Cubic Nitre . . Free 

Nitrite of Soda Free 

Nitrate of Lead, not ground . . . .Free 

Nitre-Glycerine 4c. per lb. 

Noils, being the short wool 
which falls from the combs in 

worsted factories Free 

Numbering Machines, not to be 

classed with ptg. presses,to pay 27J 
Nuts, shelled, n.e.s. . ,5c. per lb. 
Nuts, Almonds, Walnuts, Brazil 
Nuts, Pecans and shelled Pea 
nuts, n.e.s 3c. per lb. 

Nuts, Cocoa $1 per 100 

Nuts, Cocoa, when imported 

direct 50c. per 100 

Nuts, all kinds, n.o.p.,2cper lb. 
Nutgalls Free 

Oakum Free 

Oak Bark Free 



$ c. ad val. 

Oats, 10 cts. per bush 

Oat Flour 20 

Oatmeal 20 

Oil, Aniline, crude Free 

Oil, Coal, Illuminating Oils com 
posed wholly or in part of the 
products of petroleum, coal, 
shale or lignite costing more 

than 30c. per. gal 25 

Oil, Coal and Kerosene, distilled, 
purified or refined, Naptha, 
Petroleum and products of, 
n.e.s., cts. per Imp. gal. ... 
Oils, Petroleum, Crude, fuel and 
gas oils (other than Naptha, 
Benzine or Gasoline, when 
imported by manufacturers 
other than refiners) for use in 
their factories for fuel pur 
poses, or for the manufacture 

of gas, 3c. per gallon 

Oil, Carbolic, or heavy oil Free 

Oil, Castor 20 

Oil, Cod Liver 20 

Oils, Cocoanut and Palm, in their 

natural state Free 

Oil, Colza 20 

Oil, Flax Seed or Linseed, raw or 

boiled 20 

Oil, Hair, perfumed 30 

Oil, Lard Oil 20 

Oils, Lubricating, composed 
wholly or in part of petroleum, 
costing less than 25c. imp. gal., 

6c. imp. gal 

Oils, Lubricating, all other 25 

Oils, Neatsfoot 20 

Oil, Olive, for manf g purposes. Free 
Oil, Olive, prepared for Salad 

purposes 30 

Oil, Sesame seed 20 

Oil, Tallow 20 

Oil, all other, n.e.s 20 

Oil Cake and Meal, Cotton Seed 
Cake and Meal, Palm Nut Cake 

and Meal Free 

Oil Cloths and silk India rub 
bered, flocked or coated with 

rubber, n.o.p 27J 

Oil Cloth, table and shelf, en 
amelled floor, cork matting or 
carpet, and linoleum 30 per 
cent., but not less than 4c. per 

square yard 

Oiled paper 35 

Oleo-Stearine and Degras when 
imported by manufacturers of 
leather for use in the manu 
facture of leather in their 

factories Free 

Opium (crude), $1 per lb. the out 
ward ball or covering to be 

free of duty 

Opium, prepared for smoking, 

$5 per lb 

Opium, powdered, 81.35 per lb. 

Optical Instruments, n.e.s 25 

Oranges, Lemons, and Limes in 
boxes of capacity not exceed 
ing 2| cb. ft., 25 cts. per box . . 
In half boxes, capacity 1J cb. 

ft. , 13 cts. per box 

Incases and all other packages 
10 cts. per cb. ft. capacity .... 
In bulk, SI. 50 per thousand. . . 
In barrels not exceeding in 
capacity that of the 196 Ibs. 
flour barrel, 55 cts. per bbl. . . . 
Ores of metals, of all kinds .. ..Free 

Organs, Cabinet 30 

Organs, sets or parts of sets of 

reeds for Cabinet Organ 25 

Organs, Pipe Organs 26 

Ornaments of alabaster, spar, 
amber and terra cotta, or com 
position 35 



62 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[1897 



$ c. ad val. 

Osiers Free 

Osiers and Willow Furniture .... 30 
Ottar of Roses, and Oil of Roses. Free 
Oxide of Copper, Black and Pla 
tinum, for use in the manufac 
ture of Chlorate Free 

Pails, tubs, churns, brooms, 
washboards, pounders and 

rolling pins 20 

Paints and Colors, ultra marine 
blue, dry or in pulp, metallic 
colors, viz : oxides of cobalt, 

copper and tin, n.e.s Free 

Ochres, Ochrey earths, raw- 
siennas and colors dry, 

n.e.s 20 

Oxides, dry fillers, fire-proofs, 
umbers, and burnt siennas, 

n.e.s 25 

Fire-proof Paint, dry 25 

Paints and colors, rough stuff 

and fillers, n.e.s 25 

Ground in spirits and all 
spirit varnishes and lac 
quers &1.12J per. gal. 

Paris Green, dry. ." 10 

Dry White and Red Lead, 
Orange mineral and Zinc 

white 5 

White Lead in Pulp, not 

mixed with oil 25 

Painters metal graining combs.. 35 

Painters pallet knives 35 

Paintings in Oil or Water Colors, 
by artists of well-known merit, 
or copies of Old Masters by 

such artists Free 

Paintings in Oil or Water Colors, 

production of Canadian artists. Free 
Paintings, prints, engravings, 
drawings and building- plans, 
photographs and pictures, 

n.e.s 20 

Palm Leaf, unmanufactured Free 

Palm Leaf, when manuf., n.e.s. 20 

Paper Weights, glass 30 

Paper Cutters & Printing Presses 10 

Paper Bags, plain, n. e. s 25 

Paper Boxes, with chronics, but 
without any printed matter, 6 

cts. per Ib. and 20 

Paper Boxes, labelled, empty, 15c 

per Ib. and . 25 

Paper, drawing, mounted, ena 
melled or Parchment 35 

Paper Hangings, all other, and 
borders, per roll of 8 yds and 
under, and proportionately for 
greater lengths, He, per rolland 25 
Paper, Wall, not including 
borders, printed on plain 
ungrounded paper, and 
colored with any material 
except bronze, gilt or flitter 35 

Paper files, clips 30 

Paper Mache, manufactures of . . 35 

Paper of all kinds, n.e.s -25 

Paper kites, as toys 35 

Paper, ruled, oiled or waxed 35 

Paper, Tarred 25 

Paper, Union Collar Cloth, in rolls 

orsheets,notglossed or finished 15 
Paper, Union Cloth, in rolls or 
sheets, glossed or finished .... 20 

Paper, filter paper, in sheets 25 

Paper, fly paper 35 

Paper Letters, gummed, plain, 

or colored, in bulk 35 

Paper Letters, gummed, put up 
in envelopes, with printed des- 
criptionsfor special advertising 
purposes, signs or labels, 15 c. 

per Ib. and 25 

Paper Sacks or bags of all kinds, 
printed or not 25 



$ c. ad val. 

Paper waste or clippings Free 

Paper, pressed, in sheets 35 

Paper, Glazed, Plated, Marbled, 
Enamelled Paper, and Card 
Board, similarly finished, n.e.s. 35 
Paper, manufactures of, includ 
ing ruled and bordered papers, 
papeteries, boxed papers and 
envelopes and Blank Books . . 35 
Parasols. (See Umbrellas.) 
Passover Bread for free distribu 
tion among the Hebrew com 
munity in connection with 

their religious rites Free 

Patterns of brass ao 

Patterns of iron 27 J 

Paving blocks, made from slag of 

blast furnace 20 

Peaches, n.o.p., the weight of 
the packageto be included in 
the weight for duty . .lc. p. Ib. 

Peach Trees 3c. each. 

Pears, green fruit 20 

Pear Trees of all kinds . . 3c. each. 

Peas, lOc per bush 

Pearl, mother of, not manu 
factured Free 

Pearl card eases 35 

Pearl Collar Buttons or Studs as 

jewellery 25 

Pearl, manufactures of, fancy .. 35 

Pelts, raw Free 

Pencils, Lead, wood or otherwise 25 

Pencils, slate 25 

Penholders, wood 25 

Pens, steel, 27i p.c.; gold 20 

Pen racks, iron 27j 

Perfumery, including toilet prep 
arations (non-alcoholic), viz : 
Hair oils, tooth and other 
powders and washes, poma 
tums, pastes and all other per 
fumed preparations used for 
the hair, mouth and skin.... 30 
Perfumed Spirits in bottles or 
flasks not weighing more than 

4 ounces 50 

Perfumed Spirits in bottles, flasks 
or other packages, weighing 
more than 4 oz., 2.25 per i.g.& 40 
Persis orext. Archill and Cudb r.Free 
Petroleum, crude, fuel and gas 
oils (other than Naptha, Ben 
zine or Gasoline), when im 
ported by manufacturers 
(other than refiners), for use 
in their factories for fuel 
purposes, or for the manu 
facture of gas, 3c. per gal. 
Petroleum. (See Oils) 
Pheasants for improvm t of stock. Free 

Pheasants, other 20 

Philosophical Instruments and 
Apparatus, not manufactured 
in the Dominion, and when im 
ported by or for the use of 
universities, colleges and 
schools, and scientific societies Free 
Philosophical, Photographic, 
Optical and Mathematical In 
struments and Apparatus, 

n.e.s 25 

hosphorus Free 

" hosphor Bronze in blocks, bars, 

sheet and wire 10 

hotograph Albums 35 

Albums, insides of paper Free 

hotographers albumenized 

paper 30 

J hotographic Dry Plates 30 

iano covers, rubber and cotton 27i 

Piano Stools 30" 

Pianofortes 35 

Pianofortes, parts of 25 

Pickers, raw hide, for cotton 
looms 20 | 



$ c. ad val 
Pickles, Sauces and Catsups, 

including Soy 35 

Pictorial illustrations of insects, 
&c., when imported by and for 
the use of colleges and schools, 
scientific and literary socie 
ties Free 

Picture & Photographic Frames, 

of any material 30 

Picture Nails 32^ 

Pictures, framed 30 

Pillows and Bolsters 30 

Pins, manufactured from wire of 

any metal 30 

Pipe Clay, unmanufactured Free 

Pitch, Burgundy Free 

Pitch (pine) in packages of not 

less than 15 gal Free 

Pitch (pine) other 20 

Pitch coal, for roofing Free 

Pitch, bone, Crude only Free 

Plaits, straw, Tuscan, grass, chip, 

manilla, cotton and mohair. . Free 
Planing Mills and parts of, in any 

stage of manufacture ". 30 

Plants, viz : Fruit, shade, lawn 
and ornamental trees, shrubs 

and plants, n.e.s 20 

Plaster of Paris or Gypsum, 

ground not calcined 1& 

Plaster of Paris, calcined or 
manufactured, 40c. per barrel 

of 300 Ibs 

Plasters, medicated, all kinds. . . 25 
Plated Ware and Gilt Ware, of all 
kinds, whether plated wholly 

or in part 30 

Platinum and Black Oxide of 
Copper for the manufacture 

of Chlorate Free 

Plates, engraved on wood, steel 
or other metal, and transfers 

taken from the same 20 

Playing Cards 6c. per pack 

I lum Trees, of all kinds . . 3c. ea. 

Plumbago, crude 10 

Plumbago, all manf s of, n.e.s. . 25 

Plush, of cotton 30 

Plush, Silks, other 30 

Pocketbooks and Purses 30- 

Pomades, French or flower odors, 
preserved in fat or oil for the 
purpose of conserving the 
odors of flowers which do not 
bear the heat of distillation, 
when imported in tins of not 

less than 10 Ibs. each 15 

Pomades, all others 30- 

Pop Corn, in cakes or balls 35 

Porcelain Ware, n.e.s 30 

Porcelain Shades 30 

Portable machines, portable 
steam engines, threshers and 
separators, horse powers, port 
able saw mills and planing 
mills and parts thereof in any 

stage of manufacture 30 

Potash, muriate and bichromate 

of, crude Free 

Potash, Chlorate of, in crystals, 
or ground only, when imported 
for manufacturing purposes 

only Free 

Potash, German Mineral Free 

I otash, red and yellow prussiate 

of Free 

Potatoes, sweet, 10 cts. per bush. 
Pork, barrelled in brine, 2c. per 
Ib. Barrels containing same 
to be free of duty. 

Potatoes, other 25 

Poultry and Game of all kinds. . . 20 
Precious stones, in the rough. . .Free 
Precious Stones, also imitations, 
polished, but not set or other 
wise manf., n.e.s 10 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



$? c. ad val. 

Printing presses and printing 
machines, such only as are 
used in newspaper, book and 
job printing offices ; folding 
machines and paper cutters 
used in printing and bookbind 
ing establishments, and litho 
graphic presses 10 

Prunella Free 

Pulp, wood 25 

Pulp of grasses Free 

Pumice or Pumice Stone, ground 

or unground Free 

Pumps, all kinds 30 

Pumps, Steam 30 

Putty 15 

Putty, dry, for polishing granite. Free 

Quills, in nat. state or unpl d.Free 

Quills, other 20 

Quince Trees of all kinds. ,3c. ea. 
Quinine, sulphate of, in pjwder.Free 

Rags of cotton, linen, jute, 

hemp and woollen, paper waste 

or clippings, and waste of any 

kind except mineral waste .... Free 

Eags from Europe, except Great 

Britain, Prohibited 

Railway Rugs of all materials.. 30 

Raisins, Ic. per Ib 

Raspberry and Blackberry bushes 20 
Rattans and reeds manf. or 

partly manf 17 

Rattans and reeds in their natural 

state Free 

Red Liquor for dyg. & calico ptg. Free 

Refrigerators 30 

Rennet, raw, or prepared Free 

Resin , in pkgs not less than 100 IbsFree 

Resin or Rosin Oil Free 

Kesin, other, n.e.s 20 

Ribbons of all kinds and ma 
terials 30 

Rice, uncleaned, unhulled or 
paddy, / of a cent per Ib., but 

not less than 30 

Rice, other 1 Jc per Ib. 

Rice and Sago Flour and Sago . . 25 
Rice, when imported by makers 
of rice starch, for use in their 
factories . . . . } of a cent per Ib. 

Rope, Iron Wire 25 

Rope, or Cordage, 1 Jc per Ib. and 10 
Roots, medicinal, viz : Aconite, 
Calumba, Ipecacuanha, Rhu 
barb, Sarsaparilla, Squills, 
Taraxicurn and Valerian ....Free 
The same ground or powdered 20 

Rose bushes 20 

Rotten Stone 20 

Rove, when imported for the 
manufacture of twine for har 
vest, binders 10 

Ruling Pens 30 

Rye, (See grain) 10 c. per bush. 
Rye Flour, 50 c per bbl. 

Saccharine or any product 
containing over one-half of one 

per cent thereof 20 

Saddlers Soap 25 

Saddlery of every description . . 30 
Saffron and Safflower, and ex 
tract of, and Saffron Cake .... Free 

Sago 25 

Sago Flour 25 

Sails, for boats and ships, also 

tents and awnings 25 

Sal-Ammoniac and Sal-Soda . Free 

Saleratus 20 

Salt imported from the United 
Kingdom or any British pos 
session, or imported for the 
use of the sea or gulf fisheries, 
n.e.s . .Free 



$ c. ad val. 
Salt, fine, in bulk, and course 

salt, n.e.s 5c per 100 Ibs. 

Salt.in bags,bbls.,or other pkgs., 
7ic per 100 Ibs. [Pckgs. same 
dutv as if imported empty.] . . 

Saltpetre Free 

Salt Cake, sulphate of soda)crude. Free 

Sand Free 

Sand, colored 20 

Sand Cloth 20 

S^rid ( iron) or globules for polish 
ing granite Free 

Sand, Glass, Flint and Emery 

Paper 20 

Satchels 30 

Sateens, for use of corset manu 
facturers, etc 25 

Sauces, Catsups and Pickles, in 
cluding Soy 35 

Sausage Casings, n.e.s 2 i 

Sausage SkinsorCasings.not d d.Free 
Saw dust, of the following 
woods : amaranth, cocoboral, 
boxwood, cherry, chesnut, wal 
nut, gumwood, mahogany, 
pitch pine, rosewood, sandal 
wood, sycamore, Spanish cedar, 
oak, hickory, white wood, Afri 
can teak, black heart ebony, 
lignum vitae, red cedar, red 
wood, satin wood, white ash, 
persimmon and dogwood .... Free 
Scales, and Weighing Beams.. .. 30 
Scenery, Theatrical and other. 20 

School lnk Wells 30 

School bags 30 

i Screws commonly called wood 
screws. 2 in. and over in length, 

3c per Ib 

1 in. and less than 2, 6c per Ib. 

Less than 1 in., Sc. per Ib. 

provided that the duty 

shall not be less than 35% 

Screws of brass, or other metals, 

n.e.s 30 

Screw Jacks of every description 35 
Seeds Beet, Carrot, Turnip, 
Annatto, Flax, Mangold, and 

Mustard Free 

Seeds Flower, garden, field and 
other seeds for agricultural or 
other purposes, when in bulk 

or large parcels, n.o.p 10 

The same in small parcels.. 25 
Seeds Aromatic, which are not 
edible and are in a crude state, 
and not advanced in value or 
condition by grinding or refin 
ing or by any other process of 
manufacture, Anise, Anise-star, 
Caraway, Cardamon, Corian 
der, Cummin, FennelandFenu- 

greek Free 

Seed Peas imported from the 
United Kingdom for the pur 
pose of seed Free 

Seedling stock for grafting, viz. : 
Plum, pear, peach and other 

fruit trees Free 

Senna leaves Free 

Settlers effects, viz. : Wearing 
apparel, household furniture, 
books, implements and tools 
of trade, occupation or em 
ployment, musical instru 
ments, domestic sewing ma 
chines, live stock, carts and 
other vehicles and agricultural 
implements in use by the 
settler for at least six months 
before his removal to Canada ; 
not to include machinery, or 
articles imported for use in any 
manufacturing establishment, 
or for sale ; also books, pic 
tures, family plate or furni- 



$ c. ad val. 

ture, personal effects and heir 
looms left by bequest ; provid 
ed that any dutiable article 
entered as settlers effects may 
not be so entered unless 
brought with the settler on 
his first arrival, and shall not 
be sold or otherwise disposed 
of without payment of duty, 
until after twelve months 
actual use in Canada ; pro 
vided also that under regula 
tions made by the Controller 
of Customs, live stock, when 
imported into Manitoba or the 
North -West Territories by in 
tending settlers, shall be free 
until otherwise ordered by the 

Governor in Council Free 

Sewing Machines, or parts of . . 30 
Shades, Glass and Porcelain, for 

lamps and gaslights 30 

Shawls and Travelling Rugs of all 

kinds 25 

Shawls, silk 25 

Sheep, for improvement of stock Free 

Sheep Skins, tanned only 15 

Sheep Skins, dressed and waxed, 

or glazed 17^ 

Shellac, white, for manufacturing 

purposes Free- 
Shells of all kinds, unmanuf Free 

Shells, manufactured, fancy 35 

Sheet Music, lOc. per Ib 

Sheet Iron Signs, not framed .... 25- 
Ships built in a foreign country, 
on application for Canadian 
register, except machinery .... 10 

Machinery on same 25 

Shirts costing more than 3 per 

doz., 1 per doz. and 25 

Shirts, n.e.s 35- 

Shoemakers Pitch and Wax ... 20 

Show Cases 35 

Show Cards, framed 30 

Silex or Crystallized Quartz Free 

Silk, clothing 32J 

Silk Hosiery, lOc. per doz. pairs 

and 3.1. 

Silk, raw, or as reeled from the 
cocoon, not being doubled, 
twisted or advanced in any 
way, silk cocoons, and silk 

waste Free 

Silk twist, sewing and embroid 
ery silk 25 

Silk, in the gum or spun, not 
more advanced than singles, 
tram, and thrown organzine, 

not coloured 15 

Silk Velvets and all manufac 
tures of silk or of which silk is 
the component part of chief 
value, not elsewhere specified, 

except church vestments 30- 

, Silver Leaf 25 

Silver-plated Ware 30 

Skins, Bird, and skins of animals 
not native to Canada for taxi- 
dermic purposes, not further 
manufactured than prepared 

for preservation Free 

Slates, roofing, 30 per cent, pro 
vided that the duty on roofing 
slate shall not exceed 75c. per 
square for black or blue slate, 
and 9&lt;Jc. for slates of other 
colors. 

. Slates, school and writing 30 

Slate Mantels 30 

Slate Pencils 25 

Slates and manufactures of. n.e.s 30 

Sledges 30 

Sleighs 3l&gt; 

Soap, common or laundry, not 
perfumed Ic. per Ib. 



64 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



[1897 



$ c. ad vol. 
Soap, Castile, Mottled or White, 

2c. per Ib 

Soap, n.e.s. , pearline and other 
soap, powders, pumice, silver 
and mineral soaps, sapolio and 

other like articles 35 

Socks or Stockings of cotton, 
wool, worsted, the hair of the 
alpaca goat or other like 
animal, tOc. per doz. pairs and 35 
Soda Ash Caustic in drums ; 
silicate in crystals or in solu 
tion ; bichromate nitrate or 
cubic nitre, salsoda, sulphate 
of soda, arseniate, binarseniate, 
bisulphate, chlorate, chloride 

and stannate of soda Free 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 20 

Soda, Nitrite of Free 

Solder 30 

Soups 25 

Soy 35 

Spectacles and Eye Glasses 30 

Spectacles, and Eye Glass 

frames, parts of 20 

Spelter in blocks and pigs Free 

Spermaceti 20 

Spices of all kinds, except Mace 

and Nutmegs, unground \1\ 

Spices, ground 25 

Spices, Mace and Nutmegs & 

Spirituous or alcoholic liquors 
distilled from any material, or 
containing, or compounded 
from or with distilled spirits 
of any kind and any mixture 
thereof with water, for every 
gallon thereof of the strength 
of proof, and when of a greater 
strength than that of proof at 
the same rate on the increased 
quantity that there would be 
if the liquors were reduced to 
the strength of proof. When 
the liquors are of less strength 
than that of proof, the duty 
shall be at the rate herein pro 
vided, but computed on a re 
duced quantity of the liquors 
in proportion to the lesser de 
gree of strength : provided, 
however, that no reduction in 
quantity shall be computed or 
made on any liquors below the 
strength of 15 per c., under 
proof, but all such liquors shall 
be computed as of the strength 
of 15 per c. under proof as 
follows, viz : 

Ethyl alcohol or the substance 
commonly known as alcohol, 
hydrated oxide of ethyl, or 
spirits of wine ; gin of all 
kinds, n.e.s.; rum, whiskey, 
and all spirituous or alcoholic 
liquors, n.o.p. 2.25 per gal. 
Amyl alcohol or fusil oil, or 
any substance known as 
potato spirit or potato oil, 

$2.25 per gal 

Methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, 
wood naphtha, pyroxylic 
spiri t,or anysubstance known 
as wood spirit or methylated 
spirit ; absinthe, arrack or 
palm spirit, brandy including 
artificial brandy and itnita- 
tions of brandy; cordials and 
liqueurs of all kinds, n.e.s.; 
mescal, pulque, rum shrub, 
schiedam and otherschnapps 
tafia, angostura, and similar 
alcoholic bitters or bever 
ages $2.25 pergal. 

Spirits and strong waters of 
any kind mixed with any 



$ c. ad val. 

ingredient or ingredients 
and being or known or de 
signated as anodynes, elixirs, 
essences, extracts, lotions, 
tinctures.or medicines, n.e.s. 

S2.25 per gal. and 30 

Alcoholic perfumes and per 
fumed spirits, bay rum, col 
ogne and lavender waters, 
hair, tooth and skin washes 
and other toilet preparations 
containing spirits of any 
kind, when in bottles or flasks 
wf-ighing not more 4 oz. ea . . 50 
When in bottles, flasks or 
other packages weighing 
more than 4 oz. ea., 2.25 

per gal. and 40 

Nitrous ether, sweet spirits of 
nitre and aromatic spirits 
of ammonia, $2.25 per gal. 

and 30 

Vermouth, containing not more 
than 30 per cent., and ginger 
wine, containing not more 
than 26 per cent, of proof 
spirits, 80c. per gal. ; if con 
taining more than these per 
centages, respectively, of 
proof spirits, S2.25 per gal. 
In all cases where the strength 
of any of the foregoing arti 
cles cannot be correctly as 
certained by the direct ap 
plication of the hydrometer, 
it shall be ascertained by the 
distillation of a sample, or in 
such other manner as the 
Controller of Customs may 
direct. 

Sponges 20 

Spurs and Stilts, used in the 

manufacture of earthenware . . Free 
Square Reeds and raw-hide cen 
tres, textile leather or rubber 
heads, thumbs and tips, and 
steel, iron, or nickel caps for 
whip ends, when imported by 
whip manufacturers for use in 
the maiiufacture of whips in 

their own factories Free 

Starch, including farina, corn 
starch or flour, and all prepar 
ations having the qualities of 
starch, lie. per Ib., the weight 
of the package to be included 
in the weight for duty. 
Stereotypes, see Electrotypes. 
Stones, Burr, in blocks, rough or 
unmanufactured and not bound 
up or prepared for binding 

into millstone Free 

Stone, rough Freestone, Flag 
stones, Granite, Sandstone, 
and all building stone, (except 
marble) from the quarry, not 

hammered or chiselled 20 

Stone, Granite, Flagstones and 
Freestones, dressed, all other 
building stone dressed, except 
marble, and all manner of 

stone, n.e.s 30 

Stone, Lithographic, not eng ved 20 
Stone, Grindstones, not mounted 
and not less than 12 inches in 
diameter, $1.75 per ton. 
Strawand manufactures of, n.e.s. 20 
Straw Boards in sheets or rolls, 
plain or tarred, 3()c per 100 Ibs. 

Sugar of Milk 20 

Sugar of Milk Tablets, not fur 
ther sweetened 20 

Sugar, glucose or grape sugar, 

1J cent per pound. 
Sugar, all above No. 16, Dutch 
standard in color, and all re- 



$ c. ad vai 

fined sugars of whatever kinds, 
grades or standards (the usual 
packages in which they are 
imported to be free, l^c. per Ib 

Sugar, Maple 20 

Sugar Candy, brown or white, 
and Confectionery, including 
sweetened gums, candied peels, 
and pop corn, Ac. per Ib. and 35 

.Sugar Beet Seed Free 

Sulphate of Quinine (in powder)Free 

Sulphate of Iron (Copperas) and 
Sulphate of Copper (Blue Vit- 
(trol Free 

Sulphur and Brimstone, in roll 
or flour Free 

Sulphuric Ether 5c. per Ib. 

Surgical andDental Instruments 
of all kinds 15 

Surgical belts or trusses and sus 
pensory bandages of all kinds. 25 

Syrup, Glucose Syrup and Corn 
Syrup, or any Syrups contain 
ing any admixture thereof 
l^c. per 11). 

Syrups See Molasses. 

Tags, tin, for plug tobacco .... 25 
Tagging, Metal, plain, japanned 
or coated, in coils, not over 1J 
inches in width, when imp. by 
manufs. of Shoe and Corset 
Laces, for use in their factories Free 

Tails, undressed Free 

Tallow and Stearic Acid 20 

TallowOil 20 

Tape Measures 25 

Tapioca 20 

Taraxicum Root Free 

Tarpaulin, Cotton, plain or 
coated with oil, paint, tar or 

other composition 30 

Tar (Pine), in packages of not 
less than fifteen gallons each. .Free 

Tarred Paper 25 

Tassels " MO 

Teas and Green Coffees, import 
ed direct from the country of 

growth and production Free 

(This item shall include teas 
and coffees purchased in 
bond in any country where 
tea and coffee are subject to 
customsduty, provided there 
be satisfactory proof that 
the tea or coffee so purchas 
ed in bond is such as might 
be entered for home con 
sumption in the country 
where the same is pur 
chased.) 

Tea and Green Coffee, n.e.s 10 

Teasels Free 

Telephones and Telegraph In 
struments ; telegraph, tele 
phone and electric light cables; 
electric and galvanic batteries, 
electric motors, generators, 
dynamos, sockets and electric 

apparatus, n.e.s 25 

Telescopes 25 

Tents and Awnings 25 

Terra Japonica, Gambier or 

Cutch Free 

Terra Cotta panels, mouldings 

and cornices 30 

Terraline, Vases and Plaques . . 35 

Thermometers, all kinds 25 

Terra Alba 20 

Thimbles, steel 27| 

Thimbles, brass 30 

Thread, Linen, n.e.s 20 

Tin, in blocks, pigs, bars* sheets, 
and plates and tinfoil and tin 

strip waste Free 

Tin, Crystals and Tea Lead .... Free 



1897] 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS. 



65 



39 c. ad val. 

Tin Plates in sheets or strips, de 
corated 25 

Tin Whisk Holders, lacquered .. 25 

Tinned Iron Kettle Ears 27A 

Tinware stamped, japanned ware 

and galvanized iron ware 25 

Tinware, and manufactures of 

tin, n.e.s , 25 

Tobacco, Cigars and Cigarettes 

*2 per Ib. and 25 

Tobacco manufactured and Snuff 

35 cts. per Ib. and 12j 

Tobacco, cut. ..45c. per Ib. and 12J 
Tobacco Pipes of all kinds, 
pipe mounts, cigar and cigar 
ette holders and cases for the 

same 35 

Tools, mechanics and edge tools 

n.e.s 35 

Towels of every description 25 

Towel racks and rollers 30 

Toys, all kinds and materials ... 35 
Tracing Cloth, 30 per cent. , but 

not less than 4c. persq. yd. 
Travellers Baggage, under regu 
lations to be prescribed by the 

Minister of Customs Free 

Trees, n.e.s Free 

Treenails Free 

Tripoli 20 

Trunks 30 

Trunk Trimmings 30 

Turmeric Free 

Turpentine, raw or crude Free 

Turpentine, Spirits of 5 

Turtles Free 

Twine for harvest binders, of 
hemp jute, manilla or sisal, 
and of manilla and sisal mixed 12J 

Tvpe, for printing 20~ 

Type Metal 10 

Type Writer 27 

Typewriters, Tablets with mov 
able figures, Geographical Map 
and Musical Instruments, when 
imported by and for the use of 
schools for the blind, and be 
ing and remaining, the sole 
property of the governing 
bodies of said schools, and not 
of private individuals, the 
above particulars to be veri 
fied by special affidavit on 
each entry when presented. . . Free 

Ultramarine Blue, dry or 
in pulp Free 

Umbrellas, Parasols and Sun- 
Shades of all kinds and ma 
terials 35 

Umbrella and Parasol, steel and 
iron or brass ribs, runners, 
rings, caps, notches, tin caps 
and ferrules, for the use of 
manufacturers of umbrellas. . . Free 

Umbrella, Parasol, and Sunshade 
sticks or handles, in the rough, 
not further manufactured 
than cut into suitable lengths. Free 

Unenumerated Articles 20 

Vaccine and Ivory Vac 
cine Points Free 

Valerian Root Free 

Varnishes, n.e.s., 20c. per gal. 
and 20 

Varnish, black and bright for ship 
use Free 

Varnish and Colours ground in 
spirits .*1.12A per gal. 

V iseline, and all similar prepara 
tions of petroleum for toilet, 
medicinal or other purposes. 35 
, glass, plain or fancy .... 20 

Vases, China and Porcelain .... 30 

Vases, Earthenware 30 



$ c. ad val. 

Vegetables, when fresh or dry 
salted, n.e.s ". 25 

Vegetables, Sweet Potatoes and 
Yams lOc. per bush. 

Vegetables, Tomatoes, fresh, 20c. 
per bush, and 10 

Vegetables. Tomatoes and other 
vegetables, including Corn and 
Baked Beans, in cans or other 
packages, n.e.s. . . . l^c. per Ib. 
the weight of the cans or other 
packages to be included in the 
weight for duty 

Vegetables, Onions, sets for plant 
ing, not fit for table use 20 

Velveteens, and Cotton Velvets 
and Cotton Plush 30 

Veneers of Wood, not over one- 
sixteenth of an in. in thickness. 5 

Veneers of Wood, not over 1-16 
of an inch thick, made from 
woods native to Canada 10 

Velocipedes 30 

Veneers, Ivory, sawn only Free 

Veneers, Ivory, other, n.e.s 20 

Vents, Fireclay Chimney Linings 
glazed or unglazed 35 

Verdigris or sub-ac te cop r (dry)Free 

Vinegar, 15c per imp. gal., of 
any strength not exceeding 
the strength of proof, and for 
each degree of strength in ex 
cess of the strength of proof, 
an additional duty of 2 cents. 

Vices 35 

Wagon and Cart Bushes 35 

Wall Decorations, Lincrusta Wal 
ton lAc. roll of 8 yds and . . 25 

Walking Sticks and Canes of all 

kinds, n.e.s 25 

Washing Crystal 20 

Watches 25 

Watch Cases 35 

Watch, composition metal for 
the manufacture of filled gold 

watch cases 10 

Watch Keys, of brass 30 

Watch Keys, of steel 27^ 

Watch actions or movements 10 

IVater Meters 30 

Wax, Paraffine, and Animal 
Stearine of all kinds, 2c. per Ib. 
Wax, manufactures of, other... 20 

Webbing elastic 20 

Webbing, non-elastic 20 

Whale Bone, unmanufactured.. Free 
Whale Bone, manuf res of, n.e.s. 20 

Wheat, 1 DC per bushel 

Wheat Flour 75c perbbl. 

Wheels, parts of, Hubs & Spokes, 

in the rough Free 

Wheelbarrows and other like art. 30 
Whips, of all kinds, including 

thongs and lashes 35 

Whiting or Whitening, gilders 
Whiting and Paris White .... Free 

Willow for basket makers Free 

Willow and Osier Works, n.e.s.. 25 

Window Curtain Poles 30 

Window Blind Hollers, finished 

or mounted 35 

Window Shades, made of paper. 35 
Wines of all kinds, except spark 
ling wines, including orange, 
lemon, strawberry, rasp- 
bsrry, elder and currant, con 
taining 26% or less of spirits 
of strength of proof imported 
in wood or bottles 25c per I.G. & 30 
Wines for every degree above 26 
up to 40 p. c., 3c more for each 

degree of strength and 30 

Champagne and all other spark - 
ling wines, in bottles contain 
ing each not more than 1 &lt;]t. 



$ c. ad val. 
and more than 1 pt., $3.30 

per dozen bottles 

In bottles, containing not more 
than a pint and more than 
one-half pint, SI. 65 per doz. 
In bottles, containing one-half 
pint each or less, 82c per doz. 
In bottles, containing more 
than one quart each shall 
pay, in addition to 3.30 per 
doz., bottles, at the rate of 
SI. 65 per gallon on the quan 
tity in excess of one quart 
per bottle, the quarts and 
pints in each case being old 
wine measure ; in addition 
to the above specific duty, 
there shall be an ad valorem 

duty of 30 per cent 

Wire Cloth of brass or copper ... 20 

Wire Cloth, iron or steel 30 

Wire, Iron or Steel, and all 

kinds, n.e.s 25 

Wire Ferrules (Iron, or Steel).. 27J 

(Brass) 30 

Wire phosphor, bronze blocks, 

sheets and wire 10 

Wire, covered with cotton, linen, 

silk or other material 30 

Wire Rigging for ships and ves 
sels Free 

Wire, Barbed Wire Fencing, fc. 

per Ib 

Wire, Buckthorn and Strip Fen 
cing c. per Ib. 

Wire, Brass and Copper Wire 
twisted, when imported by 
manufacturers of boots and 
shoes for use in their own 

factories Free 

Wire, Crucible Cast Steel Free 

Wire of Iron or Steel, No. 13 
and 14 gauge, flattened and 
corrugated, used with the wire 
grip machine for the manufac 
ture of boots, shoes and leather 
belting, imported by manufac 
turers of such articles to be 
used for these purposes only in 

their own factories Free 

Wire Rods, Brass, Copper, Iron 
or Steel, rolled round, under 
f an inch in diameter, when 
imported by wire manufac 
turers making wire for use 

in their own factories Free 

Wire, Soft Drawn Bessemer 
spring steel wire of Nos. 10, 12 
and 13 gauge, and Homo 
spring steel wire of Nos. 1] and 
12 guage respectively, when 
imported by manufacturers of 
wire mattrasses, to be used in 

their own factories Free 

Wire, flat strip and flat steel, 
when imported into Canada 
by manufacturers of buck 
thorns, plain strip or other 
fencing, and safety barb wire 
fencing, for use in their own 
factories in the manufacture 

thereof Free 

Wire Nails Ic. per Ib. 

Wire, brass rods cut to special 

length 30 

Wire Rope, of iron and steel, 

n.o.p 25 

Wire Screw Hooks and Eyes 

(iron) 27J 

Wire, Platinum Sheets ; retorts, 
pans, condensers, tubing and 
pipe made of platinum, import 
ed by manufaot ers of sulphuric 
acid for use in the manf. or 
concentration of sulphuric 
acid Free 



66 



CANADIAN TARIFF OF CUSTOMS EXCISE TARIFF. 



[1897 



$ c. ad val. 
Wire work, and manfs. of Iron 

Wire, n.e.s 27J 

Wood, Cord Wood 20 

Wire Window Screens 30 

Wood Furniture, house, cabinet 
or office, including 1 bedsteads, 
hair, spring and other mat 
tresses, bolsters and pillows, 

and picture frames 30 

Wood Caskets and Coffins 25 

Wood for fuel Free 

W T ooden Mallets 35 

Wood Pumps 30 

Wood, Hubs, Spokes, Felloes and 
parts of Wheels, rough hewn or 

sawn only Free 

Wood, Felloes of Hickory rough 
sawn to shape only or rough 
sawn and bent to shape not 
planed, smoothed or otherwise 

manufactured Free 

Wood, Shingles 20 

Wood, Pails, Tubs and Churns, 
brooms, washboards, pound 
ers and rolling pins 20 

Wood Pulp Free 

Wood, manufactures of, n.e.s. . . 25 
Wood, Lumberand Timber, man 
ufactured 20 

Wood, Lumber and Timber, 
planks and boards, Amar 
anth, Boxwood, Cocoaboral, 
Rosewood, Cherry, Walnut, 
Chestnut, Gumwood, Maho 
gany, Pitch Pine, Redwood, 
Sandalwood, Sycamore, Span 
ish Cedar,Oak, Hickory, White- 
wood, African Teak, Black 
Heart, Ebony, Lignumvitse, 
Red Cedar, and Satin wood, and 
White Ash, when not otherwise 
man. than rough sawn or split ; 
or creosoted, vulcanized or 
treated by any other preserv 
ing process, and the wood of 
the Persimmon and Dogwood 
Trees, Hickory Billets, and 
Hickory Lumbersawn to shape 
for spokes of wheels, but not 
further manf. ; and Hickory 
Spokes rough turned, but not 
tenoned, mitred, throated, 
faced, sized, cut to length, 
round tenoned or polished. ..Free 
Wood, Sawed boards, planks 
and deals planed or dressed on 
one or both sides, when the 
edges thereof are pointed or 
tongued and grooved 25% ail 
valorem, provided that such 
lumber may be imported free 
of duty upon proclamation of 
the Governor in Council, which 
may be issued whenever it 



&lt;P c. ad val. 

appears to his satisfaction that 
similar lumber from Canada 
may be imported into the 
United States free of duty. 

Wood, Logs, and round unmanu 
factured timber Free 

Wool, and hair of the Alpaca 
Goat, Camel, unmanufactured 
and other like animals, not 
further prepared than washed, 
n.e.s Free 

Wool and Woolen manf. of, com 
posed wholly or in part of Wool, 
Worsted hair of Alpaca Goat 
or other like animals, viz : 
Blankets and Flannels of every 
description, Cloths, Doeskins, 
Cassimeres, Tweeds, Coatings, 
Overcoatings, Felt Cloth, n.e.s. 
5c. per Ib. and 25 

Wool and Woollens All fabrics 
composed wholly or in part of 
wool, worsted, hair of Alpaca 
Goat, or other like animal, 
n.e.s 30 

Wool clothing, ready-made, and 
wearing apparel of every des 
cription, composed wholly or 
in part of wool, worsted, the 
hair of the Alpaca Goat or 
other like animal, n.o.p., 5c. 
per Ib. and 30 

Wool knitted goods of every 
description, including knitted 
underwear, n.e.s 35 

Wool, viz: Leicester, Cotswold, 
Lincolnshire, South Down 
combing wools, or wools 
known as lustre wools, and 
other like combing wools, 
such as are grown in Canada, 
3 cts. per Ib 

Wool Hosiery, shirts, &c 35 

Wool Noils Free 

Woollen Shawls and shawls of all 
kinds 25 

Woollen Socks and Stockings, 
lOc. per doz. pairs, and 35 

Woollen Waste, fit only for the 
manufacture of paper Free 

Xyolite, or Celluloid, in sheets, 
lumps or blocks, in the rough 
n.e.s : Free 

Yarns, Cotton and Cotton 
Warps, dyed or undyed, n.e.s. 25 

Yarns, composed wholly or in 
part of wool, worsted, the hair 
of the Alpaca Goat, or other 
like animal, costing 20c. perlb. 
and under, 5c. per Ib. and. ... 20 

Yarns, Woollen and Worsted, 
n.e.s 30 



$ c. ad val. 

Yarn, jute, flax or hemp, plain, 
dyed or colored, when im 
ported by the manufacturers 
of carpets, rugs and mats, and 
of jute webbing- or jute cloth, 
and twines for use in their 
factories Free- 
Yarn, spun from the hair of the 
Alpaca or Angora Goat, when 
imported by manufacturers of 
braids, for use exclusively in 
their factories in the manufac 
ture of such braids only, under 
such regulations as may be 
adopted by the Controller of 

Customs Free 

Yarns, Cotton No. 40 and finer. .Free 
Yarn of wool or worsted, when 
genapped, dyed and finished, 
and imported by the manufs. 
of braids, cords, tassels and 
fringes, for use in their factories 
in the manufacture of such 

articles only Free 

Tarns, Mohair Free- 

Yeast, Compressed Yeast, not 
over fifty pounds weight, the 
weight of the package to be in 
cluded in the weight for duty 

6 cts. per Ib 

Yeast Cakes and Baking Pow 
ders, the weight of the pack 
age tobe included in the\\ eight 

of duty 6c. per Ib. 

Yeast, Compressed, in bulk or 
mass of not less than fifty 

pounds 3c. per Ib. 

Yellow Metal, in Bolts, Bars and 

for Sheathing Free- 
Zinc, Chloride, and Sulphate 

of Free 

Zinc, in blocks, pigs and Sheets. Free 
Zinc, seamless drawn tubing. . . . Free 

Zinc, manufactures of, n.e.s 25 

Zinc, Dust Free- 

All goods not enumerated a 
charged with any duty of Customs 
and not declared free of duty, shall 
be charged with a duty of 20 per cent. 
ad valorem, when imported into 
Canada, or taken out of warehouse 
for consumption therein. 

On imported Indian Corn, to be 
kiln-dried and ground into meal for 
human food, or ground into meal 
and kiln-dried for such use, under- 
such regulations as may be made by 
the Governor in Council, there may 
be allowed a draw-back of 90 per ct. 
of the duty paid. 



EXCISE TARIFF, CANADA. 



Spirits 

When made from raw grain, per proof gall 81 70 

When made from malted barley, " 1 72 

When made from molasses or other sweetened 

matter, per proof gall 1 73 

Malt, per Ib OH 

Malt liquor, when made in whole or part from any 

other substance than malt, per g-all 010 

Vinegar, per gall 06 

Tobacco, per Ib 25 

Cigarettes, weighing not more than 3 Ibs. per M., 

per thousand 1 50 

Cigarettes, weighing more than 3 Ibs. per M., 

per thousand 6 00 



Tobacco, made from Canadian leaf, per Ib $0 Ofc 

Canada Twist Tobacco, per Ib 06 

Snuff, when containing not more than 40 per cent, 
of moisture, or when containing over 40 per 
cent, of moisture and put up in packages of 

less than 5 Ibs. each, per Ib 25 

Snuff, moist when containing over 40 per cent, of 
moisture and when in pkgesof 5 Ibs. and over, 

per Ib (jig 

Cigars, from foreign leaf, per M 6 00 

Cigars, from Canadian leaf, per M 3 00 

Cigars, from any leaf, when put up in pkges of 

less than 10 each, per M 7 (u 



1897] 



THE FRENCH TREATY. 



67 



THE FRENCH TREATY. 

(Circular fi- i m th&gt;&gt; Customs Department, dated lltth October, 1805.) 

I be;, to send herewith, for your information and guidance, text of a proclamation by the Governor in Coun 
cil, dated the 10th day of October, 1895, declaring the provisions of the French Treaty Act in force on, from and 
after the 14th October, 1895. 

Your attention is also directed to ths following 1 pro 
visions of "An Act respecting 1 Commercial Treaties 
affecting Canada," Chap. 3, 58 59 Viet., viz. : 

" 1. So soon as The French Trfntii Act,, 1894, chapte 



You are hereby advised that the said Act provides as 
follows : 

" Wines, sparkling and non-sparkling 1 , common soaps, 
savons de Marseille (Castile soaps) and nuts, almonds, 
prunes and plums of French origin entering Canada 
shall enjoy the following advantages: 

1. Non-sparkling- wines gauging 15 degrees by the 
centesimal alcoholometer or less, or according to the 
Canadian system of testing, containing 1 2t&gt; per cent, or 
less of alcohol, and all sparkling wines shall be ex 
empted from the surtaxe or ad valorem duty of 30 per 
cent. 

2. The present duty charged on common soaps, 
savons de Marseille (Castile soaps) shall be reduced by 
one-half. 

3. The present duty charged on nuts, almonds, prunes 
and plums shall be reduced by one-third. 

The following articles of Canadian origin imported 
direct from that country accompanied by certificates of 
origin shall receive the advantage of the minimum tariff 
on entering France, Algeria or the French colonies: 

Canned meats. 

Condensed milk, pure. 

Fresh water fish, eels. 

Fish preserved in their natural form. 

Lobsters and crayfish preserved in their natural form. 

Apples and pears, fresh, dried or pressed. 

Fruits preserved, others. 

Building timber in rough or sawn. 

Wood pavement. 

Staves. 

Wood pulp (cellulose). 

Extract of chestnut and other tanning extracts. 

Common paper, machine-made. 

Prepared skins, others, whole. 

Boots and shoes. 

Furniture of common wood. 

Furniture other than chairs, of solid wood, common. 

Flooring in pine or soft wood. 

Wooden sea-going ships. 

It is understood that the advantage of any reduction 
of duty granted to any other power on any of the 
articles enumerated above shall be extended fully to 
Canada." 

OTTAWA, Oct. 14, 1895. 



two of the Statutes of 1804, is brought into force by 
proclamation of the Governor General, the advantages 
granted to France by the treaty with that power men 
tioned in the said Act, with respect to its commerce 
with Canada, shall extend to any and every other 
foreign power which by reason of the operation of such 
treaty is, under the provisions of a treaty with Great 
Britain, entitled, in whole or in part, to the same or to 
the like advantages with respect to its commerce with 
Canada, to the extent to which in manner aforesaid such 
other foreign power is entitled thereto ; and such 
advantages shall continue to so extend to such other 
foreign power so long as the said Act remains in force, 
or until the right of such other foreign power to such 
advantages under its treaty with Great Britain is sooner 
determined. 

3. The advantages so granted to France by the said 
treaty shall extend also to Great Britain and to the 
several British colonies and possessions with respect to 
their commerce with Canada, so long as France con 
tinues to be entitled to such advantages ; and during 
the period for which France is so entitled to such 
advantages, all laws inconsistent with the enjoyment 
thereof by Great Britain and such British colonies and 
possessions shall be suspended to the extent to which 
they are so inconsistent." 

The Foreign Powers entitled to the same advantages 
under the provisions of the said Act, as are granted to 
France by the Treaty in question, with respect to its 
commerce with Canada, are : 

Argentine Republic. Germany (Zollverein). 

Austria Hungary. Muscat. 

Belgium. Russia. 

Bolivia. Salvador. 

Chili. Sweden Norway. 

Columbia. Spain. 

Costa Rica. 

_ Satisfactory proof of the origin of the goods in ques 
tion shall be furnished to the collector at the time of 
entry. 

F. E. KILVERT, Acting Commissioner of 



ARTICLES PROHIBITED TO BE IMPORTED INTO CANADA. 



Books, printed papers, drawings, 
paintings, prints, photographs or 
representations of any kind of a 
treasonable or seditious, or of an 
immoral or indecent character. 

Foreign reprints of British Copy 
righted Works, copyrighted in 
Ciinada.and of Canadian Copyrightel 
Works. 



Coin, base or counterfeit. 

Goods manufactured or produced 
wholly or in part by prison labor, or 
which have been made within or in 
connection with any prison, jail or 
penitentiary. 

Oleomargarine, Butterine, or simi 
lar substitutes for butter 



lings from Europe, except Great 
Britain. 

Tea adulterated with spurious leaf, 
or with exhausted leaves, or which 
contains so great an admixture of 
chemical or other deleterious sub 
stances as to make it unfit for 
use. 



COST OF COLLECTING CUSTOMS REVENUE. 



The cost of collecting customs revenue has been re 
duced very considerably since the first years of Con 
federation. In istjs, for every sion of diitv collected 
-=5.41 was expended, as compared with .s"&gt;.lii for everj 
$100 in 1 ,&gt;!&gt;.-,. The large aiva of the Dominion, the ex 
tent of its frontiers, and the number of ports of entrv 
it is necessary to keep up being considered, the cost of 
collection is moderate In the United States in 1S95 it 
was 4.42 per cent., and in the United Kingdom 4.1."&gt; per 
cen!. 

By ridding together the amounts received from cus 
toms and excise dutie- on spirits, wine, beer and cider, 
mall liquor, malt, tobacco, smill . cigars and cigarettes 
daring 2s years, we have the sum of s212.i:&gt;7,000. The 
total amount expended by the Federal Government on 



the construction of railways, canals, public buildings, 
including the payments on account of the Canadian 
Pacific Railway, the North-west Territories, and debts 
allowed to provinces, is s2&lt;io, 143,171. The duties col 
lected from liquors and tobacco have, therefore, paid 
for the cost of the Intercolonial and connecting rail. vavs, 
the contribution of the Federal Government in aid ot 
the Canadian Pacific Railway, the purchase and subse 
quent cost of the North-west Territories, including 
Manitoba, tlie public buildings at Ottawa, all the canals, 
including the Sault Ste. Marie, and all the pu-t otlice- 
and other public buildings erected all over the Dominion 
since Confederation. The liquor drinkers and the to 
bacco users have been well utilized. 



68 



VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN CANADA FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES. [1897 



VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN CANADA FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES. 


COUNTRY. 


STANDARD. 


MONETARY 
UNIT. 


VALUE IN- 
CANADIAN 
CURRENCY. 



COINS. 


Argentine Republic . . . &lt; 


Sold and Silver. 
Gold &lt; 


3 eso 


8 0.96.5 
.20.3 

.19.3 
.48.6 
.54.6 

.48.6 
.91.2 

.71.8 

.80.0 

.76.1 
.75.1 
.48.6 

.92.6 

.26.8 
.48.6 

4.94.3 

.19.3 
.19.3 

.23.8 
.19.3 

.96.5 
.23.1 

.19.3 

.99.7 
.52.4 
1.00 
.52.8 

.40.2 
.26.8 
.08.9 

.48.6 
1.08 

.77.2 
.38.9 
.19.3 
.26.8 
.19.3 

) .43.8 

.04.4 
.19.3 


Sold, Argentine ($4. 82. 4) and J Argentine. 
Silver, peso and divisions. 
Sold, Former system, 4 florins, ($1.92.9), 8 
florins (3.85.8), ducat (12.28.7), and 4 
ducats (9.15.8). Silver, 1 and 2 florins. 
Present svstem. Gold, 20 crowns ($4.05.2) 
and 10 crowns (82. 02. 6). 
Gold, 10 and 20 francs. Silver, 5 francs. 
Silver, boliviano and divisions. 
Gold, 5, 10 and 20 milreis. Silver, J, 1 and 
2 milreis. 

Silver, peso and divisions. 

Gold, escudo (81.82.4), doubloon (84.56.1) 
and condor (89.12.3). Silver, peso and 
divisions. 

Gold, condor (89. 64. 7) and double condor. 
Silver, peso. 
Gold, doubloon (85.01.7). Silver, peso. 
Gold, 10 and 20 crowns. 
Gold, condor (89. 64. 7) and double condor. 
Silver, sucre and divisions. 
Gold, pound (100 piastres), 5, 10, 20 and 50 
piastres. Silver, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 
piastres. 
Gold, 20 marks (83.85.9), 10 marks (81.93). 
Gold, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 francs. Silver, 
5 francs. 
Gold, 5, 10 and 20 marks. 
Gold, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 drachmas. 
Silver, 5 drachmas. 
Silver, gourde. 
Gold, mohur (87.10.5). Silver, rupee and 
divisions. 
Gold, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 lire. Silver, 5 
lire. 

Gold, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 yen. Silver, yen. 

Gold, dollar (80.98.3), 24,, 5, 10 and 20 
dollars. Silver, dollar (or peso) and 
divisions. 
Gold, 10 florins. Silver, A, 1 and 24 florins. 
Gold, 10 and 20 crowns. 
Gold, A, 1, and 2 tpmana (13.40.9), Silver, 
\, rV,"l, 2, and 5 krans. 
Silver, sol and divisions. 
Gold, 1, 2, 5 and 10 milreis. 

Gold, imperial (87. 71. 8) & A. imperial ($3. 86). 
Silver, i, i and 1 ruble. 
Gold, 25 pesetas. Silver, 5 pesetas. 
Gold, 10 and 20 crowns. 
Gold, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 francs. Silver, 
5 francs. 

Gold, 25, 50 100, 250 and 500 piastres. 
Gold, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 bolivars. Silver, 
5 bolivars. 


Drown 




&gt;old and Silver. 
Silver . . 


Franc 


T&gt; _1 v Zn i i 


[Boliviano 


Brazil Gold 


\lilreis 


Cen. American States : 
Costa Rica ^ 


( 
^ilvei 


eso 






Nicaragua 
Salvador . ) 


Gold and Silver. 
Silver 


eso 


Phili 


Phina 


ael: 
Shanghai 




Silver 


Haikwan 
(Customs.) .... 
Tientsin . 


Chefoo .... 


eso 




Gold and Silver. 
Gold 
Silver 


Peso 




Drown 
ucre 




Egypt 


Gold 
Gold 


Pound 


(100 piastres) . 
Mark 




Gold and Silver 
Gold 


Franc 


German Empire 


Mark 


Gold and Silver 

Gold and Silver 
Silver 


Drachma 




Gourde 




Rupee 




Gold and Silver 
tGold and Silve 

Gold 


Lira 




Yen : 

Gold 




Silver 


Dollar 




Silver 


Dollar 




Gold and Silver 
Gold 
Silver 


Florin 


Norway 


Drown 
Kran 




Silver 


Sol 




Gold 


Milreis 


Portugal 
Russia 


JSilver 

Gold and Silver 
Gold 


Ruble : 
Gold 




Silver 


Peseta 




Crown 




Gold and Silver 
Silver 


Franc 


Switzerland 


Mahbub of 2 
piastres . 
Piastre 
Bolivar 




. Gold 


Venezuela 


Gold and Silver 



Austrian florin, 40.6 cents. 



Si Depreciation of which is measured by the gold 
Stat fcofned since 1st January, 1*86. OH half-imperial, $3.98.6. 




TftEIR 8MN&IES 



PLACES. 

Alexandria . . 
Alliston, O . . 
Almonte 


NAMES OP BANKS 

. Union .... 


MANAGER OR AGENT . 

J. R. Proctor. 
J. S. Gordon. 
E. P. Winslow. 
John McKeen. 
J. H. Morrison. 
H. Lockwood. 
J. H. Lombard. 
E. D. Arnaud. 
0. E. Harris. 


PLACE. 

Charlottetow 
&lt;t 

Chatham, O. . 

( 


Chatham, N.B 

(t 

Chesley, O... 
Chicoutimi, Q 


NAMES OK BANK 

MERCHANTS.PE 
Merchants , H. 
Bank of N.S. . 
Commerce 
* Merchants . . . 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

J. M. Davison. 
O. A Hornsbv, Act sr 
J. Pitblado. 
J. E. Thomas. 
J. E. Durand. 
D. F. B. Glass. 
G. P. Scholfleld. 
F. E. Winslow. 
R. H. Anderson. 
J. C. Brown. 
J. E. A. Dubuc. 
H. C. Brewer. 
?. Austin. 
E. H. Osier. 
J. S.Skeafl. 
C. Larke. 
ames Brydon. 
W. A. Copeland. 
R. Mackenzie. 
A. Denny. 
? . E. Ha lls, Acting. 
. Mackinnon. 
C. W. Frazer, Acting. 
F. W. Taylor, 
[erbert Green. 
R. P. Foster. 
I \ Mallorv 


. Hamilton . . 


Montreal 


Amherst, N.S 
it 

ii 

Annapolis, N.S 

Antigonish . . 
ii 

Arnprior .... 


Nova Scotia . . 
HalifaxBk.Co.. 
Montreal 


) Nova Scotia. . .. 
; Union B. of H . . . 
Merchants, H. . . 
HalifaxBk.Co... 


Standard 


Montreal 
Nova Scotia. . . 


Ottawa 


Francis Cole. 
p. A. Radeliffe. 
3. A. Ambridge. 
P. H. MacMahon. 
Tohn Wyllie. 
M. Atkinson. 
3. H. Morris. 
F. W. Homer. 


"..a Banq. Nat . 


Aurora Ontario 


Aylmer, O 
ii 

Ayr . . . 


Molsons 


Coaticook. . . . 
Cobourg 


5. Townships. . 
Dominion. 


Traders 
Commerce. . 




Barrie Toronto . . 






ii 


Commerce 
HalifaxBk.Co. . 


Collingwood . 
11 

Cornwall 




Barr gton.N.S. 
Bathurst, N.B. 
Beauharnois . . 
Bedford, Q 
Belleville 

ft 




Merchants, H. . 
Jac. Cartier. . . . 
E. Townships. . 
* Merchants 
MoTitrpfll 


J. F. Barrv. 
L. Z. Leduc. 
. W. Morgan. 
W. Hamilton. 
R. Richardson. 
C. M. Stork. 
. W. Murray. 
W. R. Travers. 
V. C. J. King. 
O. S. Clarke. 
A. Gariepy. 
F. Y. Checkley. 
Robt. S. Barrow. 
George McGill. 
W. J. Jones. 
John Elliott. 
W. C. Young. 
M. E. Holden. 
W. A. Machaffie. 
R. Butt. 
N. G. Leslie. 
J. Elmsly. 
E. M.Sh adbolt. 
Jefferv Hale. 
C. Cook. 
VV. Caldwell. 
\V. S. Tupper. 
H. H. Archibald. 
3. B. Gearing. 
Neil McLean. 
E. F. Kohl. 
I. A. Bird. 
J. A. Stewart. 
\V. E. Middleton. 
M. Morris. 
VV. B. Graveley. 
Q. C. McGregor. 
E. A. Bog. 
C. A. Kennedy. 
John Houston. 
F. W. Borden. 
E. G. Coombs. 
If. M. Harrison. 
J. A. Banjrs. 
W. C. T. Morson. 


Montreal 


M 

^ookshire .... 
^owansville. . . 
Dartmouth, NS 
Deseronto,Ont 
Digby, N.S 
Dorchester,XB 
Drayton 


Ontario 


eople s of H . . 
5. Townships. . 
Jnion of Halifax 
lontreal 


Commerce. . 


Berlin 


Dominion 
* Merchants .... 
Commerce 


k&gt;va Scotia. . .. 
terchants , H. . 
raders . 


i 


Berthier, Q. .. 
Blenheim .... 
Boissevain, M. 

Bowmanville. . 

( &lt; 

Bradford . . 
Brampton . . . 

Brandon, M . . 
ii 

C 

Brantford . . . 
ii 

ii 

&lt;t 

Bridget n.N.S. 
Bridgew r, N.S 

Brighton 


Hamilton 
Ville Marie 


Dresden 
Drum ndv leQ. 
Dundas 


Merchants .... 
acq. Cartier. . . . 
ommerce 


. V. Spencer, Acting. 
. E. Girouard. 
. W. Holmested. 
. G. W Conolly. 
Kelly. 
. R. F. Kirkpatrick. 
. E. Laurencelle. 
. J. Cochran. 
. T. Hillary. 
. White. 
S T . D. Hurdon, Mgr. 
E. Campbell. 
. Forrest. 
. C. Boddy. 
. C. Abbott, 
. Leblanc. 
. E. Gaudet. 
.W. Spurden. 
Taylor. 
. C. Chalmers. 
. F. Mitchell. 
X Hughes Charles, 
eo. C. Easton. 
p S Jar vis. 
. G. Hinds. 
~J. V. Ketchum. 
N". M. Livingstone. 
H. D. Mitchell. 
VV. L. Eliot 
R. S. Williams. 
E. N. Robinson. 
R. J. Hewat. 
A. Pepler. 
J. H. Finlay. 
A. F. H. Jones. 
I. M. Duff. 


Commerce 
Union 


Dunnville 




Ontario 


Durham 




Standard 


Edmonton, Alb 

ii 

Edmundston. . 
Elmira 




Standard . 


acq. Cartier . . . 
eople s, Halifax 


* Merchants . . . . 
Dominion 


* Merchants . . . . 
BankB.N.A.... 
Imperial 
B. N.America. . . 
Montreal 
Commerce 


Essex. . . 




Cxeter 
Farnham 


Poisons 
t. Hyacinthe 


"ergus 
Forest 


mperial 
tandard 


^ort William . . 

Fraserville, O. 

t; 

Fredericton . . . 
ii 

ct 
ii 

Gait 




Standard . ... 


ac. Cartier 
eople sof H 

EOPLK Sof N.B. 

. N. America. . . 
ova Scotia .... 
Merchants , H. . 
ommerce 
nperial .... 


Nova Scotia .... 
Merchants, II. .. 
Halifax Bk.Co. . . 
Standard 


Brockville .... 
ii 


Montreal . 


Molsons 


Toronto 


ii 


Buckingham Q 
Calgary, Alb. 

ii 

Campbell ford. 
Campbellton . 
Cannington. . 
Canning, N.S 


Ontario . . . 


Gananoque . . . 

Georgetown... 
Glencoe 


Merchants . . . . 
Merchants . . . . 


Imperial 


Montreal 


amilton 
raders 


Molsons 
Standard 


Goderich 




Xova Scotia.. . . 
Standard .... 


ii 

Granby, Q.... 
Grimsby 


ommerce . . . 
Town. Bk.. .. 
amilton 


HalifaxBk.Co... 
People s, H 
Union ! 
Ottawa 


Carberry, M. 
Carleton Place 
Cayuga 


Guelph 


ominion 


* * 


ontreal 
raders 
ommerce. . 


ii 

t ( 


Commerce 



[69] 



70 



BANKS IN CANADA, WITH THEIR BRANCHES, ETC. 



[1897 



PLACES. N 

Guysboro N.S. M 
Halifax, N.S.. H 
" .. B 

. N 
. U 
. M 

* P 

. M 
Kami ton t 
.... d 
. . . . d 


. . . . i 
. . 1 

I i 

" &gt; 

Harriston S 
Hastings, Ont. 1 
Hawkesb ry, O ( 

Hespeler * 
Hochelaga, Q. 


AMES OF BANKS. 

erchants , H... T 
ALIFAX B. Co. . . t 
ankof B.N.A.. A 
OVA SCOTIA T 
NION.HALIF X.. I- 

ERCIIANTS , H.. E 

EOPLE S, H J 
North End.. V 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

. G. A. Parkes. .\ 
[. N. Wallace. 
.E.Ellis, 
homas Fyshe. 
. L. Thorne. 
. H. uuncan. 
ohn Knight. 
. Henry Richey. 
. M. Cotton. 
. Turnbull. 
r. J. Lindsev. 
. H. Brown. 
. J. Morrison. 
i. D. Braithwaite. 
. Pottenger. 
mart Strathy. 
Vm. Roberts. 
V. H. Draper. 
\. E. Grav. 
?red. W. Ashe. 
Fohn Hood. 
?. A. Mann, Acting. 
). P. Kiopel. 
F. P. de Martigny. 
VV. H. Robinson. 
1. L. Ledoux. 
A. B. Ord. 
H. Irwin. 
J. A. Richardson. 
A. A. Larocque. 
W. H. Pegram. 
H. Swan. 
Jas. Martin. 
L. D. V. Chipman. 
.1. W. Borden. 
A. M. Smith. 
G. E. Hague. 
VV. D. Hart. 
G. A. Robinson. 
R. J. B. Crombie. 


FLACKS. N 

[ontreal y. 
. . d 

(t *7 
( ( 
it 
&lt;( 

. . . . 12 
....A 

II 

.... e 

.... i 

::::i 

.... L 

1 
.. .. ( 

. . . . ( 
1 



1 

( 



Moosomin . . . 
Morden, M . .. 

Morrisburg. . . 

Mount Forest . 
u 

Nanaimo,B.C. 


AMES OF BANKS. 

ontreal i 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

^. Macnider, Ch. Insp" 
I.V. Meredith, L. Man- 
). B. Macpherson,S. Ag. 
V. D. Parker, S. Agent. 
ji. Hague, Gen. Man. 
E. F. Hebden, Sup t Br. 
I. S. Meredith. 
\.. J. Ferguson, Asst. 
R. H. Heward. 
P. W. Thomas, G. Man. 
J. Elliot. 
H. M. Molson, Ast. Mgr. 
F. VV. G. Johnson. 
M. J. A. F rendergast. 
L. E. Guimond. 
Jules Trepanier. 
C. Langlois. 
In liquidation. 
T. Bienvenu, Gen. Mgr. 
N. Roy, Jr., Mgr. 
VV. Weir, Pres. 
T. McDougall. 
Geo. Leclere. 
K. N. King. 
T. J. Ooohran. 
T. F. How. 
J. G. Bird. 
A. M. Crombie. 
R. VV. Crompton. 
Geo. H. Balfonr. 
H. Stikeman, Gen. Man. 
J. Penfold, Manager. 
L. DeGuise, Pro. Man. 
F. McDougall. 
W. W. Ruthven. 
H. VV. Mayrand. 
F. Kennedy. 
A. E. Christie. 
C. R. Dunsford. 
L. VV. Howard. 
R. S. Bredin. 
E. R. Niblett. 
i G. Williams. 
W. A. Bellhouse. 
E. H. Baines. 
Thos. McCaffrv. 
i G. V. Holt. 
A. H. Buchanan. 
|G. R. Murray. 
t B. C. Wright. 
. Boies Deveber. 
. C. F. Craig. 


do Branch ... 
do VV.E.Br. .. 1 

o Seigneurs St. u 
MERCHANTS . . . &lt; 

do .. ] 


do .... 


456 Notre Dame 1 

lOLSONS 


A.MILTON J 

o Barton St. Br V 
o East End Br. T 
. X. America. .. J 
lontreal ~ 


Branch 


t Cath St 


VHOCHELAGA. .. 

N. Dame St. W. 
St. Cath. St. E. 
do Centre Br. 
)r PKITLK 
ACQ. CARTIER. . . 
Ontario St.. . . 
ILLK MARIK. . . . 


Merchants . . . . i 
raders 


lommerce &gt; 
lolsons . . . ) 








Merchants 
t ille Marie ] 


lo St.Cath.St.Br 
Ontario 


Facq. Cartier . . . , 
&lt;.. Townships. . . 
it. Hyacinthe . . 
Traders 
* Merchants .... 
Imperial 


Hull, Q i 
Huntingdon, Q 
Iberville, Q. . 
Ingersoll 


\ T . End Branch. 


lo Pt. St.Ch s Br 
Commerce . 


io 19Chab lezsq 


ii 


Joliette 


D Hochelaga 
British Columbia 
Ottawa 


B. N. America. . . 

LaBanq Nat 
Merchants , H. . . 
do. N. Dame St. 
do VVestmount . . 
Nova Scotia 
Union 


Kamloops.B.C. 
Keewatin, O . . 
Kemptville, O. 
Kentville, N.S. 

II 

Kincardine 
Kingston 

H 

u 
U 

Kingston, N.B. 

L Assomption. 
Lake Megantic 

Lachine, Que. 
u 

Laprairie 




Nova Scotia 


14 Merchants .... 
* Merchants 


J. N. America. . . 


Union 


Molsons 




Ontario 


Merchants , H... 
St. Hyacinthe . . 
eople s of H . . . 


John Trainor. 
M. N. Jarry. 
W. H. Gcssip. 
C. Langlois. 
H. Frost. 
T. J. Bourdeax, Mgr. 
J. H. Dussault, Mgr. 
Jas. Watson. 
Philip Vibert. 
Jean Tach6. 
E. Flood. 
A. F. D. MacGachen. 
Robt. Ross. 
J. H. Stuart. 
A. D. McRae. 
Win. Haliburton. 
E. R. Mullhall. 
i;. A. Capstick. 
R. Inglis. 
A. St. L. Mackintosh. 
A. H. Beddome. 
D. B. Dewar. 
P. VV. D. Brodrick. 


Hamilton 


British Columbia 

* Merchants . . . 
Dominion 


ii 

Neepawa, Man 
Nelson, B.C. . . 

tt 

N.Glasgow.NS 

a 

Newcastle . . . . 
i Newcastle, N B 
&lt;( 

New HamVi rg 

N.Wmnstr.BC 

&lt;( 

Newmarket. . 
Niagara Falls 
Nicolet, Que. 
North Bav . . . 
N.Sydney, C.I 

1 Norwich 


Yille Marie 
Ville Marie 
Ville Marie 
Traders 


Union ... . 


Bk. B. Columbi. 


L Epephanie . . 

Leamington .. 
Lethb dge, Alb 
Levis 


Nova Scotia. . . 
Union of Halifa- 
Halifax Bk.Co.. 
Traders 




3 eople s of H . . . 


Lindsay 


Ontario 
Montreal 


Nova Scotia. . . 
Merchants , H. 
Western 
BkB. Columbia. 
i MoTitreal .... 


. Blair Robertson. 
F. McDougall. 
C. J. Fox. 
. E. A. Wyld. 
G. D. Brvmner. 


&lt; t 


Dominion 


Listowel, Out 
Lt. Glace Bay 
Liverpool, N.S 

Lockport.N.S 
London 




Union of Halifa&gt; 
Nova Scotia. . . . 
Union of H. ... 
Halifax Bk.Co. . 
B. N. America. 
* Merchants . . . 
Montreal 


Ontario C. G. Ross, Acting Man. 


Imperial J. A. Langmuir. 
Ville Marie L. Belair. 


Tv-wipix L P Snvder, Mgr. 




? People s of II. . . H. E. Robertson. 
Union of Halifax S. I). Boak. 






Commerce 




Molsons 


Molsons J. R- VVainwright. 


Londond y N. 
Lucknow. . . . 
Louiseville,Q 

Lunenb g,N.S 
1 1 

1 1 
Magog, Q. . . . 


Merchants , H. . 


. E. Walsh. 
. J. D. Nichol. 


Norwood .... 
Orangeville, . 
ii 

nrillll 


Union Fred. VV. Ashe. 
. Commerce H. T. Wills. 
Hamilton H. H. O Reilly. 


. D Hochelaga... 
Merchants , H.. 
Halifax Bk.Co. . 
People s, Hal if a 
E. Township*. . 


F. X. Lacoursiere. 
R. S. Currie. 
D. I. Forbes. 
x G. N. C. Hawkins. 
. E. P. Olivier. 
. D. Cameron. 
F. A. Reesor. 


Dominion J. Scott. 


(( 


Tradeis E. VV. Strathy. 


Oshawa 


WKSTKKN .... 


. . T.H. McMillan, Cashier. 
. . 1,. G. Cassels. 
Geo Burn, Gen. Mai . 


ii 


Dominion .... 


Maitland, N.S 
Markham . . . 


,. Merchants , H. . 
Standard . . . . 


Ottawa 


do Bank St . . 


D. M. Finnie, Manager. 
H. G. Complin, Man. 
F. C. Mulkins. 
D. Robertson. 
W. J. Anderson. 




F. R. Godwin. 


Meat ord 


Molsons 


. D. A. Ferguson. 




. do Rideau St 


Merriokville . 
Middleton,N. 
Midland 


. Union 
S Com.B.of Wnd 
Western 


S. L. Forrest. 
r S. E. Marshall. 
. H. J. Craig. 




Montreal 




. Commerce Robt. Gill. 
Ontario A. Simpson. 


Milton 
Mitchell 


Hamilton 
* Merchants . . 


G. VV . Brent. 
. T. E. Merrill. 
. F. J. Hunter. 
Geo. VV. Daniel. 
J. H. Abbott. 
. E. S. Clouston, G. Mar 




* Merchants ... W. L. Marler. 
Quebec II V". Noel. 




Montreal 


La Banq. Nat. .. A. A. Taillon. 
Union .. M. A. Anderson. 




. Nova Scotia. . . 


" 


Merchants of 15 




Molsons . i A. B. Brodrick. 


Montreal . . . 


. MONTREAL .... 










1897] 



BANKS IN CAXADA, WITH THEIR BRAXCHES, ETC. 



71 



I LAUr.S. 

Owen Sound. . 

Oxford, X. S" 
Paislev 
Paris ." 


XAMES OF BANKS. 

* Merchants 
i Hamilton 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

M. S. Hodder. 
Ewing Buchan. 
E. W. Wand. 
J. Mowat. 
S. M. Hutchinson. 
! J. Cran. 
R. C. Macpherson. 
H. T. McMillan. 
G. M. Wedd. 
A. S. Townsend. 
Gerald Jarvis,Act g Mgr 
J. B. Jennings. 
H. D. Wells. 
R. J Drummond. 
T. F. Cox. 
Hector Fraser. 
P. Campbell. 
F. J. Rogers. 
W. Manson. 
W. D. Parker, Acting. 
VV. F. Cooper. 
Geo. Kerr. 
Geo Drummond. 
VV. T. Shannon. 
A. H. Munro. 
G. R. Chisholm. 
E.G. P. Chevrefils. 
W. J. E. Wall. 
W. H. Xelson. 
.1 II Stidston 


FLACKS. 
Simcoe 


N AMES OF BANKS 

Hamilton . . 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

J. Butterfleld 
F. A. Bethune 
S. L. Forrest. 
J. McMahon. 
Arthur Bruneau. 
F. W. S. Crispo. 
J. J. Hughes. 
E. B. Fairbanks. 
S. Stevens. 
Sub. to St. Stephen. 

J. A, Rousseau. 
C. M. Arnold. 
F. O. Cross. 
G. W. Hodge tts. 
J. A. Bernier. 
G. X. Ducharme. 
X. A Boivin. 
H. Dorion. 

E. R. Blanchard. 
J. Laframboise. 
A. Clement. 
J. E. Cote. 
A. Bover. 
G. A. Schofleld. 
J. Clawson, Cashier. 
H. A. Harvey. 
E. C. Jones. 
T. B. Blair. 
Jas. G. Taylor. 
J. X. Gauthier. 
H. Wurtele. 
A. C. E. Delmege. 
). VV. Legault. 
L. Drouin. 
J. Leslie. 
H. S. Rumsey. 
C. A. Bedard. 
A. Dion. 
J F Grant 


Smith s Falls.. 

(t tt 

Sorel . . . 




Molsons 




Xova Scotia 
Western 
B. N. America.. . 
Commerce 


Molsons 


&lt; t 


D Hochelaga. . .. 


Souris 


14 


Souris, P.E.I. 
Springhill 
Stanstead 
St Andr w sXB 
Ste. Anne de 
la Perade. 

St Catharines. 

&lt;t 

t C 

Ste. Cesaire, Q. 
St. Cunegonde 
St. Francois B. 
St. Henri, Q . . 
St. Hyacinthe. 

tt 

tt 

St.JeanBapt te 
St. John, X.B 

tt 
tt 
tt 

St John s, Q.. 

St. Jerome.. . . 
St. Laurent. .. 
St. Marie, Q . . 

St. Mary s . . . 
tt 

St. Re-mi, Q . . 
St. Sauveur . 
St.Stephen NB 

I* 

St. Thomas. .. 

(I 

. . . 

SteTherese. Q. 
Stellarton,N.S. 
Stouffville 
Stratford .... 


Merchants P. E.I. 
Halifax Bk.i o... 
E. Townships. .. 
Xova Scotia 


Parkdale 


Standard 


Parkhill 


Commerce 
Halifax Bk.Co. 
Ottawa 


ParrsDoro . . . . 
Parry Sound . 
Pent ng- sh ene 
Perth 


Jacq. Cartier 


Western 


* Merchants .... 
Montreal 
Quebec 


44 




Pembroke 

Peterborough. 
ii 

Petrolia 




Ottawa . . . 


St. Hyacinthe. . . 
Jacq. Cartier. . . . 
La Banq. Xat . . 
Jacq. Cartier. . . . 
LA BANQUE DE. . 
ST.HYACIXTIIK. 
E. Townships.. . . 
Jacq. Cartier.. . . 
La Banq. Xat . . . 
Jacq. Cartier 
X. BRUNSWICK. . . 

B. X. America. . . 


Toronto 


Montreal 


Commerce ... . 


Ontario 


Toronto 


Pickering 
Picton 


Ontario 
Montreal 




Standard 
Xova Scotia .... 
Merchants 
Jac. Cartier .... 
Ville Marie 
Ontario 


Pictou, X. S.. 
n 

Plessisville, Q. 
Pt.St.Charl sQ 
Port Arthur . . 
Port C"lborne. 
Port Elgin 
P.Hawkesburv 
PortHood.C.B 
Port Hope .... 

Port Perry 
Portneuf 


Imperial 


Xova Scotia .... 
Halifax Bk.Co... 

BK. BEST. JEAN. . 
* Merchants . . . . 
^Merchants .... 
Ville Marie 
La Banq. Xat. . . 


Hamilton 


A. H. Ridout. 
J. A. Mclsaac. 
R. H. McDonald. 
J. L. Willis. 
E. B. Andros. 
Win. McGill. 
J. H. Theoret. 
W. Bell. 
A. H. Dickins. 
F. Jemmett. 
A. V. Spencer. 
A. R. B. Hearn. 
T. McDougall, G. Man. 
A. Van Fulson, Mgr. 
P. B. Dumoulin, Mgr. 
E. E. Webb, Gen. Man.; 
J. O. Billett, Local. 
Geo. Veasey, do 
Geo. Crebassa, G. Man. 
C. Cloutier. 
X. Lavoie. 
D. Cumberland. 
J. Macara. 


Merchants. H. .. 
People s, Halifax 
Traders 


Toronto.. .. 


W estern 
Ville Marie 
Imperial 


Prt. la Prairie. 

Prescott 


Traders 


Ottawa 


Bk. de St. Jean . 
Jacq. Cartier. . . . 
ST. STEPHEN S. 


* Merchants . . 
^Merchants 
Imperial 


Preston 


P. Albert, Sask 
Quebec 


Xova Scotia. . . . 
* Merchants .. . . 


J. Black. 
W. B. Waterburv. 
M. A. Gilbert. 
L. E. Tate. 
M. Boisvert. 
T. McUitosh. 
M. Br^it, Acting-. 
&gt;V. Pringle. 
rhos. Plummer. 
Wm. Maynard, jun. 
L. H. Dampier. 
W. T. Smith. 
VV. J. C. Harvev. 
R. McC. Stavert. 
D. R. Laird. 
P. VV. Morrison. 
G. S. Moore. 
J. E. Burehell. 
F. O. Cross. 
D. B. Crombie. 
J. M. Johnston, M&lt;-r. 
H. X. Boire. 
E. C. Jackson. 
F. Bielte. 
B. E. Walker, G. Man. 
J. II. Plummer, Asst.do. 
J C. Kemp, Man. 
John Aird, Asst. 
1. (!. Boyce. 
R,. J. Montgomery, 
i. A. Holland. 
I- .. M. Playter. 
T. S. Harrison. 
V. E. Hart. 
R. C. McIIarrie. 
Chas. McGill, Gen. Man. 
W. H. Smith. 
R. B. Caldwell. 
Geo. P. Reid. 
R. D. Gamble, G. Man. 
T. G. Brough, Man. 
It. M. Gray. 
J. Price. 
W. W. Xation. 


Ql EBEC 




do Upper Town 
do St. Rochs. . . 

U.NMOX 

do 


" 




tt 


Ville Marie 


Nova Scotia . . . 
Standard 
^Merchants . . . 


i 


do St. Louis St. 
LA BANQ. XAT. . . 
do St. John St. . 
do St. Joseph St. 
B. N. America. . . 
Montreal 


1 t 


tt 


* 


tt 




K 


Strathroy 


Commerce 


tt 


Traders 


,, 


Merchants . 
Jacq. Cartier. . . . 
do St. John St. 
People s of H ... 
Imperial 
Ottawa 


.1. C. More. 
X. Dion. 
C. S Powell. 
Jean Tache. 
W. A. Weir, 
j H Reeve 


Sudhury, O. . . 
Sum side, PEL 

Ct 
II 

Sussex, N. B 
Sydney, C.B.. 
Thorold 


Ontario 

BK. Sf.M KRSIDE.. 

Bank of X.S 
Merchants , H... 
Xova Scotia. . . . 
Merchants , H. .. 


it 
Rat Portage . . 

Regina 


Montreal 


J. A. Paddon. 
F. A. W. Lister. 
C. G. Pennock, Mgr. 
W. L. Ball. 
E. E. Ward. 
John Pool. 
L. Couet. 
J. S. C. Fraser. 
W. T. Oliver. 
E. W. MeCurdy. 
VV. H. Harrison. 
A. D. McLean. 
J. F. Winlow. 
(i. H. Griffin. 
I&gt;. McGregor. 
J. M. VVerm ss. 
M. Morris. 
W. K. Pearce. 
F. A. Borden. 
Arthur S. Jarvis. 
T. W. Magee. 
Win. Farwell, G. Man. 
S. K.luell, Local. 
J. A. Ready. 
W. Gabourv. 
W. H. Clarke, Acting. 
E. Cowdrv. 


Renfrew, O. . . 

Richmond.. . . 

Ridgetown. . . . 

tt 

Roberval 


* Merchants .... 
Ottawa . . 
E. Townships 
Molsons 


1C 

Three Rivers. . 

tt 

rilsonburg 1 . . . 
Toronto 


Quebec 


Quebec 
D Hochelaga. . . . 


Traders 




La Banq. Xat. . . 
Montreal 
1&gt;. X. America. . 
Merchants , II . .. 
Halifax Bk.Co. .. 
Commerce 
Traders 




Rossland, B.C. 
Sackville, N.B. 
Sarnia ... . 




do. Branch. . . 

do. E. Br 
do. X. Br 
do. X.W.Br. .. 
lo.Q n St.VV.Br.. 
io.Yn.&Col.Br.. 
rto.Parl tSt.Br. .. 
lo. Market Br. . . 




tt 


tt 


Montreal . 


SaultSte Marie 

14 

Seaforth 


Commerce 
Imperial . 






41 


Dominion 


iac, X. 15. . 

Mic!iinie.&lt; &gt;nt 
Shelbiirne. NX 
Sherbrooke . . . 

1 1 

Shubenacadie . 
Simcoe 


People s, Halifax 
Union 





do. Branch. . . 
lo. Q n St.W.Br. 
STANDARD 


Halifax B. Co. . . 
E. TOWNSHIPS. . . 

* Merchants .... 
La Banq. Xat.. . 
Merchants, H. . . 
Commerce. . 






DOMINION 

do. Q nSi.K... 
do. Q n St.W.. 
do. Mk t Br. . . 







72 



BANKS IN CANADA, WITH THEIR BRANCHES, ETC. 



[189" 



I LACES. N 

Toronto 1 
" 


AMES OF BANKS. 

)OMiNiON.D ndas 
& Q n St. Br. . . 1 


MANAGER OR AGENT. 

&lt;\ O. Cavley. / 


do. Spad.Av. .. 
& Col.St.Br.. , 

MPBRIAL 

do Branch 1 
io. Cor. Yonge 
& Queen St.. &lt; 
do. N.Toronto.. 

PRONTO 


F. H. Horsey. 
. R. VVilkie, Gen. Mgr. B 
3. Jennings, Manager. 

:&gt;. F. Rice. 
3. H. Stanley -Clarke. 
Duncan Coulson,G.Maii 
VV. R. Wadsworth. 
G. J. Cuthbertson. 
H. S. Strathy, Gen. M. 
C. Brough. 
Wm. Grindlay. B 
D. Miller, Manager. 
A. D. Pringle, Asst. 
V. P. Sloane. 
C. W. Clinch. 
. O. Buchanan. 
f 1 . J. Gosling. 
L. C. Jennings. 
. R. Graham. 
1 B. Wilson, 
lartin Dickie. ( . 
. Moorman. 
3. A. Armstrong. 
Y. E. Carswell. 
j. de Martigny. 
3. Fortier. 
Yin. Murray. 
V. Godfrey. 
C. Sweeny. 
A. Jukes, Manager. 
I. Beaumier. 
G.A. Henderson. 
G. Gillespie, Man. 
i. L. Ker, Asst. Man. 
Gavin H. Burns. 
A. J. C. Galletly. 
A. Marchand. 
H. J. Pugh 
W. E. Butler. 
G. W. McKee. 
H. B. Walker. 
A. Montizambert. 
E. Cowdrv. 
W. I. Briggs. i 
J. Hespeler. 
H. J. Grasett. 
S. D. Raymond. 
Sub Ag cy to Stellarton 
D. Kemp. 
E. Thornton. 
E. D. Warren. 
E. \V. Bourinot. 
Arthur G. Smith. 
G. V. J. Greenhill. 
Geo. Mair. 
H. B. Walker. 
Walter Lawson. 
J. A. Russell. 
E. J. Cochrane. 
W. Corbould, Acting. 
J. H. Baker, Pro. Man. 
A. Wickson. 
T. B. Phepoe. 
Angus Kirkland 
C. S. Hoare. 
W. H. Pambrun. 
J. B. Monk. 
F. H. Mathewson. 
F. L. Patton. 
D. Simpson. 
B. Willson. 
G. de C. O Grady. 
S. B. Ful-ler. 
C. M. McCuaig. 
Geo. Sanderson. 
G. A. White. 
G. A. Taylor. 
|Geo. W. Munro. 
|T. W. Johns. 
H. A. Richardson. 


" I 


&lt;i 


" .. &lt; 




1 




do. Branch .... 
lo.KingSt.W.Br. 

^RADERS 

Montreal . . 


c 


. .1 


i 


B. N. America.. . 


... * Merchants 


Quebec 


Molsons 
Union 


i Hamilton 


Toronto Jun.. 
" 
Trenton, O. . . . 
Truro,N.S 

ft 

" 


I/ommerce 


VIolsons 


Molsons 


Merchants , H.. . 
Halifax Bk.Co... 
Oom. of Windsor 
Dominion 


Valley field, Q. 

Vancouver,BC 
&lt;( 
ii 

n 

Vankl kHill.O 
Vernon, B.C.. 
Victoria,B.C.. 

ii 
ii 

Victoriaville,Q 
Yirden, Man. . 

Walkerton . . . 
ii 

Walkerville"! 
Wallacehurg. . 
Waterford .... 
Waterloo, Q . . 
Waterloo, Ont. 

fi 


Jac. Cartier 
D Hochelaga . . . 
8k. B. Columbia 
B. N. America. . . 
Montreal 


Imperial . 


D Hochelaga . . . 
Montreal 


B. COLUMBIA 

B. N. America. . . 
Montreal 


Jac. Cartier .... 
Union 


* Merchants . . . . 
Commerce .. 


do 
Montreal . ... 


Commerce .... 


B. Townships. .. 


Commerce 


WpllnnH 


Imperial 


Westville 
Weymouth.NS 

Wh itby .... 
t( 


Nova Scotia. . . . 
Merchants .... 
Dominion 
Western 


Wiarton, O. . . 
Winchester. . . 
Windsor, O. .. 

(t 
It 

Windsor, N. S. 

(t 

ii 

Wingham .... 
Winnipeg .... 

WoodstockOnt 
Woodstock NB 

if 
14 

Wolfville.N.S. 
Yarmouth, N.S 


Union 


Union 


* Merchants . . . 
Traders 


Commerce .... 
COMMERCIAL . . . 
Halifax Bk.Co. 
People s, Halifa\ 
Hamilton 


La Banq. Nat . . 
* Merchants . . . 
Molsons .... 


Montreal 


Imperial 


D Hochelaga.. . 
Ottawa . . . 


Commerce . . 


Union ..... . 


B. N. America. . 






Molsons 


Nova Scotia . ... 
People s,Halifax 
Merchants , H. . 
People s, Halifax 
YARMOUTH 
Nova Scotia 


* Merchants Bank of Canada. 



FOREIGN AGENTS. 

In the following list the Banks are arranged alpha- 
beticalli/. 

BRITISH COLUMBIA, BANK OF London, Head Office : 
San Francisco, Portland (Oregon), Seattle and Ta- 
conia, Branches. Eastern Provinces of Canada, 
Mer. Bank of Canada ; Bank of Commerce ; Molson s 
Bank ; Imperial Bank ; Bank of Nova Scotia; New 
York, Can. Bk. of Commerce ; Chicago, Bank of 
Nova Scotia ; Mexico and South America, London 
Bank of Mexico and South America ; China, Hong 
Kong and Shanghai Bank Corporation ; Australia, 
Bank of Australasia ; Honolulu, Bishop & Co. 
BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, BANK OF London, England, 
Head Office. New York, W. Lawson and J. 
C. Welch, Agents ; Boston, U. S., Merchants 
National Bank ; San Francisco, H. J. McMichael and 
J. R. Ambrose, Agents; England, Union Bank of 
Manchester, and Bank of Liverpool ; Scotland, 
National Bank and Commercial Bank ; Ireland, 
Provincial Bank and National Bank; Paris, Mar- 
cuard, Krauss & Co. ; West Indies, Colonial Bank ; 
Australia and New Zealand, Union Bk of Australia. 
CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE London, Bank of Scot 
land, London and County Bank, German Bank of 
London; Ireland, Northern Banking Co.; Pans, 
France, Credit Lyonnais, Lazard, Freres & Cie ; 
Germany, Deutsche Bank ; Brussels, Belgium, J. 
Matthieu & Fils; India, China and Japan, The 
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China ; 
Australia and New Zealand, The Union Bank 
of Australia; South America, British Bank of 
South America, London and Brazilian Bank ; 
Mexico, Banco de Loudres y Mexico ; New York, 
The Canadian Bank of Commerce, The American 
Exchange Nat. Bank ; British Columbia and San 
Francisco, Col., The Bank of British Columbia; 
Chicago, The American Exchange Nat. Bank of 
Chicago ; Buffalo, Bank of Commerce in Buffalo ; 
Hamilton, Bermuda, The Bank of Bermuda; Port 
land, Oregon, The Bank of British Columbia ; West 
Indies, Bank of Nova Scotia; Kingston, Jamaica, 
Colonial Bank and Branches ; Duluth, First 
National Bank ; Maritime Prorinces, The Bank of 
Nova Scotia. 

COMMERCIAL BANK OK WINDSOR London, Union Bank 
of London ; New York, Bank of New York ; Halifax, 
Bank of Nova Scotia ; St. John. N.B., Bank of Ne\v 
Brunswick ; Montreal, Merchants Bank of Canada, 
DOMINION BANK London, National Bank of Scotland ; 
New York. Bank of British North America, the 
National City Bk.; Chicago, Commercial National Bk. 

EASTERN TOWNSHIPS BANK London, National Bank of 
Scotland; Boston, National Exch. Bank ; New York, 
National Park Bank. 

HALIFAX BANKING Co. Dominion of Canada, Molsons 
Bank and Merchants Bank of Canada ; Boston, 
Suffolk National Bank ; New York, Fourth National 
Bank ; London, Eng., Parr s Bank (Limited). 

HAMILTON. BANK or New York, Fourth Nat. Bk. and 
Hanover National Bank ; Buffalo, Marine Bank of 
Buffalo ; London, Nat. Prov. Bank of England, Ld.; 
Chicano. Union Nat. Bank and National Bank of 
Illinois ; Detroit, Detroit National Bank; llostoii. 
International Trust Co. ; Kansax City, The National 
Bank of Commerce. 

IMPERIAL BANK OF CANADA -London, Lloyds Bank, 
(Ld.); Paris, Credit ; Lyonnais ; New York, Bank 
of Montreal; Chicago, First National Bank; 
St Paul, Second National Bank : Detroit, Detroit 
National Bank ; Buffalo, Bank of Buffalo ; Boston, 
National Bank of the Commonwealth; O-wct/o, 
Second National Bank ; Duhith, First National Bk. 

LA BANQIIE D HOCHELAGA London, Clydesdale Bank 
(Ltd.); Paris, Credit Lyonnais; Neu&lt; York. Natinna? 
Park Bank: Boston. National Bank of Redemption, 
Third Nat. Bank; Chicago, Nat. Live Stock Bank. 

LA BANQ,I:E DE ST. JEAN Canada, Molsons Bank an&lt;t 
Branches; New York, Agents Bank of Montreal; 
Boston, National Revere Bank; St. All&gt; ,,x, I t., 
Welden National Bank. 






1897] 



BANKS IN CANADA, WITH THEIR BRANCHES, ETC. 



7:3 



LA BANQUE JACQUES CARTIBR London, Le Credit Lyon- 
nais, Le Comptoir National d escomptes de P.-.ris ; 
Paris, Le Credit Lyonnais, Le Comptoir National 
d escomptes de Paris ; New York, National Bank of 
the Republic, Bank of America ; Boston, The 
Merchants National Bank; Chicago, Bank of Mont 
real. Correspondents in Canada The Merchants 
Bank of Canada, Bank of British North America, 
The Molsons Bank. 

LA BANQUE NATIONALS London, National Bank of Scot 
land ; Paris, Credit L3 onnais; Griimebaum, Freres 
& Co.; New York, National Bank of the Re 
public ; Boston, The National Revere Bank. 

LA BANQUE VILLE-MARIE London, Bank of Montreal ; 
Paris, Le Credit Industrie) ; New York, The 
National Bank of the Republic ; Ladenburg, Thai- 
inann &Co.; Chicago, Bank of Montreal. 

MERCHANTS BANK OF CANADA London, Glasgow, Edin 
burgh, and other points in Great Britain, The Cly 
desdale Bank (Limited) ; New York, American Ex 
change Nat. Bank and Merchants Bank of Canada, 
52 William St. , Jno. Gault and J.B. Harris, Jr., Agts; 
Chicago, American Exchange National Bank ; St. 
Paul, Minn., First National Bank ; Detroit, First 
National Bank ; Buffalo, Bank of Buffalo ; San 
Francisco, Bank of British Columbia and Anglo- 
Californian Bank ; fortland,Tacoma, Seattle, Wash 
ington Territory, Bank of British Columbia ; Neiv- 
foundland, Bank of Nova Scotia ; Nova Scotia, 
Merchants Bank of Halifax ; New Brunsivick, Bank 
of Nova Scotia and Merchants Bank of Halifax ; 
British Columbia, Bank of British Columbia. 

MERCHANTS BANK OF HALIFAX Ontario and Quebec, 
Merchants Bank of Canada; St. John, N.B., Bank 
of New Brunswick ; New York, Chase National 
Bank, N. Y. ; Boston, National Hide and Leather 
Bank ; St. John s, Newfoundland, F. H. Arnaud, 
Man. Branch ; London, Eng., Bank of Scotland, 
London ; Hamilton, Bermuda, The Bk. of Bermuda. 

MERCHANTS BANK OF P. E. I. London, City Bank ; 
Boston, The Boston National Bank; Montreal, Bank 
of Montreal. 

MOLSONS BANK London, Parr s Bank (Ltd.), Glynn, 
Mills, Currie & Co., Morton, Rose & Co. ; Liverpool, 
Bank of Liverpool ; Cork, Minister and Leinster 
Bank (Limited) ; Paris, France, Credit Lyonnais ; 
Antwerp, Belgium, La Banque D Anvers; Hamburg, 
Germany, Hesse Newman & Co y ; Portland, Casco 
National Bank ; Butte, Montana, First National 
Bank ; Great Falls, Montana, North- Western 
National Bank ; New York, Mechanics National 
Bank, W. Watson and R. Y. Hebden, Agents; 
Bank of Montreal, Morton, Bliss & Co., National 
City Bank ; Boston, State National Bank ; Cleve 
land, Com. National Bank ; Milwaukee, The Wis 
consin National Bank of Milwaukee ; Chicago, 
First National Bank ; Detroit, Commercial Na 
tional Bank ; Toledo, Second National Bank ; 
Buffalo, City Bank ; Nova Scotia, Halifax Bank 
ing Co. ; New Brunswick, Bank of New Bruns 
wick ; Newfoundland, Bank of Nova Scotia, 
St. John s, Nfld. ; Prince Edward Island, Mer 
chants Bank of Prince Edward Island and Sum- 
merside Bank ; British Columbia, and San Fran 
cisco, Bank of British Columbia ; Quebec, Eastern 
Townships Bank ; Ontario, Dominion Bank, Im 
perial Bank of Canada and Canadian Bank of Com 
merce ; Manitoba, Imperial Bank of Canada. 

MONTREAL, BANK OK London, Bk. of Montreal, A. Lang, 
Manager, H. Hay lock, sub-manager ; Bank of 
England, London and Westminster Bank, Union 
Bank of London; Liverpool, Bank of Liverpool ; 
Scotland, British Linen Company ; New York, W. 
Watson, R. Y. Hebden; Boston, Merchants National 
Bank ; Chicago, Bank of Montreal, W. Munro, Mgr.; 
San Francisco, Bank of British Columbia, Anglo- 
Californian Bank ; St. John s, Newfoundland, Bank 
of Montreal, J. M. Greata, Manager. 

NEW BRUNSWICK, BANK or London, Williams, Deacon 
and Manchester and Salford Bank, Limited; New 
York, Mechanics National Bank : Boxton, Eliot 
National Bank ; Prince Edu-urd Island, Charlotte- 
town, Merchants Bank of Halifax ; Fredericton, 
People s Bank ; Halifax, N.S., Merchants Bank of 
Halifax ; Montreal, Molsons Bank. 



NOVA SCOTIA, BANK OF Chicago, H. C. Mcl.eod, Manager, 
Alex. Robertson, Asst. Mgr.; Kin/iston, Jamaica, 
W.I., W. P. Hunt, Agent; St. John s, Newf lntl, 
W. E. Stavert, Manager; Harbour Grace, New 
foundland, Calais, Maine. Correspondents Can 
ada, Canadian Bank of Commerce and Branches ; 
Bank of British Columbia ; Great Britain ; London, 
Royal Bank of Scotland : Scotland, Royal Bank of 
Scotland and Branches U.S. : New York, Bk. of New- 
York, N. B. A., Boston, Merchants National Bank, 
San Francisco, Bank of British Columbia ; St. Pierre, 
Miquelon, Banque des lies St. Pierre et Miquelon. 

ONTARIO BANK London, Parr s Bank (Limited) ; 
New York, The Agents Bank of Montreal, 
The Fourth National Bank of the City of 
New York ; France and Europe, Credit Lyon 
nais ; Boston, Tremont National Bank ; Oswego, 
First National Bank ; Chicago, Bank of Montreal ; 
St. Paul s, Merchants National Bank; Nova Scotia, 
People s Bank of Halifax ; New Brunswick, Bank of 
Montreal, St. John, N.B.; P.E. Island, Merchants 
Bank of Halifax at Charlottetowri. 

OTTAWA, BANK OF London, England, Parr s Bank 
(Limited); New York, Chicago and Canada, Bank 
of Montreal ; Boston, National Bk. of the Republic, 
Massachusetts Nat. Bk. and Manufacturers Nat. Bk. 

PEOPLE S BANK OF HALIFAX- London, Union Bank; 
Boston, New England National Bank ; New York, 
Bank of New York, N. B. A.; Montreal, Ba nk of 
Toronto ; St. John, Bank of New Brunswick. 

PEOPLE S BANK OF N. B. London, Union Bank ; New 
York, Fourth National Bank ; Boston, Eliot National 
Bank ; Montreal, Union Bank of Can. and Branches. 

QUEBEC BANK London, Bank of Scotland ; New York, 
Agents, Bank of British North America 

ST. HYACINTHE, BANQUE New York, National Bank of 
the Republic, Importers and Traders ; Boston, 
Merchants National Bank ; Canada, Merchants 
Bank of Canada and Branches. 

ST. STEPHEN S BANK Boston, Globe Nat. Bk. ; New York, 
New York Bk. and Nat. B king Association ; London, 
Glyn, Mills, Currie &Co.; Montreal,Bk. ofMontreal. 

STANDARD BANK Nerv York, Importers and Traders 
National Bank ; Montreal, Can. Bank of Commerce ; 
London, Eng., National Bank of Scotland (Limited). 

SUM.MERSIDE BANK Montreal, Molson s Bank; Halifax, 
Union Bank of Halifax ; St. John, Bank of New 
Brunswick; Boston, Blackstone National Bank. 

TORONTO, BANK OfGreat Britain, City Bank (Limited) 
London; New York, Nat. Bk. Commerce; Chicago, 
First National Bank; Ontario, Bank of Hamilton 
and Branches; Quebec, La Banque Nationale; Nova 
Scotia, Union Bank of Halifax, People s Bank of 
Halifax; Manitoba, British Columbia and Nea 
Brttnsivick, Bank of British North America. 

TRADERS BANK OF CANADA London, National Bank of 
Scotland ; New York, American Exchange National 
Bk.; Buffalo, Union Bk.; Chicago, First Nat. Bk.; 
Osrvego, Second National Bk. ; Quebec, Quebec Bk. 

UNION BANK OF CANADA .LondVw, Parr s Bank (Ltd.): 
Liverpool, Parr s Bank (Ltd.); New York, National 
Park Bank ; Boston, Lincoln National Bank: St. 
Paul, St. Paul National Bank ; Buffalo, Ellicott 
Square Bank; Chicago, Globe National Bank : 
Detroit, First National Bank ; Great Falls, Mont., 
First Nat. Bk. ; Minneapolis, Nat. Bk. of Commerce. 

UNION BAVK OF HALIFAX London, London and West 
minster Bank, Ltd.; Newfoundland, Merchrui - 
Bank ; New York, National Bank of Commerce ; 
Boston, Merchants Nat l Bank ; Montreal, Bank of 
Toronto ; Toronto, Bk. of Toronto and Branches. 

WESTERN BANK New York, Merchants Bank of Canada; 
London, England, Royal Bank of Scotland. 

YARMOUTH, BANK OF, N. S. Halifax, The Merchants 
Bank of Halifax ; St. John, The Bank of Montreal ; 
New York, The National Citizens Bank ; Boston, 
The Eliot National Bank ; London, G.B., The Union 
Bank of London ; Montreal, The Bank of Montreal 
and Molsons Bank ; Quebec, Bank of Montreal. 



74 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. [1897 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD/ 

BY DR. .1. G. BOURINOT, C.M.G., F.R.S.C., CLERK OF THE CANADIAN COMMONS, 

AUTHOR OF " How CANADA is GOVERNED," AND OTHER WORKS ON THE 

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA. 



I.-INTRODUCTION. 

In this necessarily very brief survey of the forms of government throughout the world, I 
have found it most convenient for purposes of reference to arrange the subject under the 
headings of "countries," "executive power," and "legislative power," with some mention of 
local or municipal government under the latter. I commence with the British Empire, as 
embracing the countries in which Canadians have naturally the deepest interest. After Great 
Britain and Ireland follow the colonies and dependencies of the empire, including India, in 
alphabetical order. Then come the other countries of the world in the^ same alphabetical 
order, commencing with the absolute monarchy of savage Abyssinia, nominally under the pro 
tectorate of Italy, while all colonies and dependencies follow the reference to their particular 
sovereign state. I have also thought it advisable, for purposes of reference, to add the area 
and population of every country. 

A review of the methods of government in the world show a survival of the oldest forms, 
though in a more or less modified state. We see still in America examples of triba 
communities ; in Asia and Africa the organized patriarchal forms, and the nomadic hordes 
and camp nations. We can see illustrations of the division of organized government that was 
many centuries ago given by that master of political science, the Greek Aristotle. Although 
his analysis of the forms of government was far from exhaustive, and his descriptions are not 
quite adapted to modern types, his enumeration still serves as a most excellent frame on which 
to hang an exposition of these forms for studies and discussion. We see monarchy, or the 
rule of one, in Russia, China and Turkey ; aristocracy, or the rule of the few in a waning 
degree in Germany and Austria, where nobles still exercise large power in houses of peers and 
in government ; democracy, or the rule of the many, in the United States, in the South 
American republics, and in numerous countries to which popular government has extended 
itself within this century. We see also the truth of his remarks that monarchy can assume 
the degenerate shape of tyranny ; aristocracy, the degenerate shape of oligarchy ; and 
democracy, the degenerate shape of anarchy or mob rule. Under modern, conditions aris 
tocracy, as a form of government, is fast disappearing before the growth of democracy. In 
England the power of the peers was effectually broken by the introduction of responsible 
or parliamentary government in the reign of William III. and the passage of the first Reform 
Bill of 1832. The peers of the realm now derive their influence chiefly through their con 
nection with the political party in power and the ministry that owes its existence to the 
commons. On the continent of Europe, the houses of peers are still powerful, but their 
power as a house is chiefly derived not from purely aristocratic influence, but from their share 
in the work of legislation as a branch of the legislature, and from the presence in the majority 
of cases of life or elected members, representing important class, educational, anil other 
interests that bring the bodies into touch with the more popular elements of the country. 
Monarchy still exists as an important form of government. The present government of 
Russia is abnormal in the Europe of to-day, as abnormal as that of the Turk, " a belated 
example of those crude forms of politics which the rest of Europe has outgrown." Otherwise 
the monarchies of Europe are limited by the resolutions of the popular parliaments. While 
monarchy is more or less limited and aristocracy seems on the point of disappearing, 
democracy, as a form of government, is in a fair way to prevail universally. Ever since the 
rise of popular education in the last century, and the success of parliamentary government in 

and corrected from latest available authorities. 






1897] FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 75 

England, and popular government in the United States, the forces of popular thought have 
made a steady headway throughout the world. But we have seen that democracy may mean 
license and anarchy, as Aristotle long ago foresaw, and none but a Ctesar or a military leader 
can at times bring it back to reason and order. Citizens under monarchical rule may be, and 
often are, more fortunately placed as far as personal liberty is concerned than the citizens of 
pure republics in South America. In those countries tyranny as brutal as that of Caligula or 
Commodus has reigned. Out of fourteen presidents of the Bolivian republic, thirteen have 
died assassinated or in exile, and no one can safely conjecture the final fate of any of the 
former colonies of Spain. Even in the United States, despite the influence of English 
institutions and the English governing instinct for law and order the saving principle always 
in that great federal republic democracy at times, under the sway of mob rule and party 
spirit, has seemed clearly dangerous to public security and good government. 

But a close study of forms of government is encouraging since it shows on the whole a 
steady growth of i-epresentative institutions, and the extension of popular rights under hopeful 
conditions of law and order. The theory of national sovereignty has been fully accepted in 
France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Holland, Belgium, Greece, and the Scandinavian States. In 
Germany it has not been yet acclimatized, but while the emperor s will is still a powerful factor 
in government and legislation, we can see the influence of the English principles of parliament 
ary and popular government. In Spain we still see the influence of the military spirit, and 
no one would be surprised to see bayonets in the Cortes at certain political crises. In France, 
the results of late have been encouraging, and it is quite possible that France may still give 
us additional evidences of the strength of parliamentary government outside of countries of 
English origin. 

England is the mother of free governments throughout the world, even among nations 
that do not speak her tongue. Her principles have more or less influenced the great com 
munities of Europe, as I have just shown. Her self-governing dependencies have closely 
followed her parliamentary system of government, and year by year we see colonies emerging 
from a state of pupilage and assuming large rights of self-government. It is true that in 
Jamaica there has been a step backward, but it has been forced by abnormal conditions of 
depressed trade and the existence of a large and idle coloured population, not equal to the 
requirements of freedom and citizenship. The British empire now comprises forty-two 
distinct and independent governments. In addition to these there are a number of scattered 
dependencies under the dominion or protection of England, which do not possess regularly 
formed administrations and vast territories controlled by English chartered companies pro 
tected by the queen. Of the forty-two administrations, eleven have elected assemblies and 
responsible government ; the others are (1) crown colonies in which the crown "has the sole 
control of legislation while the administration is carried on by public officers under the con 
trol of the home government"; or (2) colonies "possessing representative institutions but not 
responsible government, in which the crown has no more than a veto on legislation, but the 
home government retains the control of public officers." 

While the old world is the home of the parliament and a responsible ministry, the new 
world is that of a congress, and an executive not having seats in or directly responsible to the 
legislature. In some countries of Europe, and in England s dependencies, the English model 
is directly followed, but the South American republics have taken the American system with 
some modifications. In Canada alone, in America, is responsible or English parliamentary 
government seen in complete operation. Nevertheless it is England that has given represent 
ative government to the world at large. The system of the United States is based on English 
institutions of a century ago, and 011 the legislative system of the old English colonies. It is 
the principle of federation that has been fully expanded in the United States. It has formed 
the model for even Switzerland and Canada, and developed the idea all throughout the world. 
In Germany, Austria, Hungary, Norway and Sweden, the West Indies, and in a few South 
American republics, we see this federal idea solving important problems of political govern 
ment. In Austi-alasia there is now before the legislatures and people a scheme of union based 



76 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. [1897 

on that of the United States and Canada, and the time is probably not far distant when those 
distant English communities will enter into the rank of federations with a great future before 
them as a united dominion of the empire. The federal idea in co-operation with responsible 
or representative government must sooner or later rule the world. 

In every country possessing representative government we see a parliament or diet or 
congress, or some other assembly conveying the same political thought in the particular 
language of a nation or state. In the majority of cases, two houses prevail. Canada occupies 
an exceptional position among English dependencies with responsible government, since rive 
out of the seven provinces of the dominion have abolished their legislative councils or upper 
branches of the legislature. Those countries in America that have followed the model of the 
United States possess a senate or upper chamber (Nicaragua excepted). One chambered 
legislatures prevail in Servia, Bulgaria, Greece, in the landtags of Austria, and in the diets 
of the minor German states except those of the free cities. Apart from these legislative 
b. idles, the European communities have two chambers, varying from that of Norway (where, 
after a single general election, a certain number of the deputies returned are told to make an 
upper house,) to the ultra-aristocratic house of magnates, established from the earliest time 
under the ancient Hungarian constitution. Hereditary peers, generally mixed with life peers 
and elective peers, are still common in the second chambers of the continent of Europe ; they 
are found in Cisleithan Austria, in Prussia, in Bavaria, in some of the smaller German states, 
and in Spain and Portugal. Life peers also occur by themselves but the crown is generally 
directed by the constitution to select them from certain classes of distinguished men. The 
best example of an upper house formed by this method is the Italian senate. In many states 
the mode of electing senators or peers is indirect, either the electorate is different, or pro 
vinces, or states or communes elect, while the deputies of the popular branch are taken from 
the nation at large. Even the senate of the United States is founded on inequality of repre 
sentation. This distinction between the elections of the two houses shows a fundamental 
doubt as to the safety of the democratic theory. 

The second or popular chamber, however, is the most powerful. All elected or second 
assemblies have the initiation of money votes, and taxation. The senate of the United States is 
probably the sole instance of a legislative body which is not inferior in legislative importance 
to the lower house, and possesses special functions the approval or rejection of important 
appointments and the confirmation of treaties not enjoyed by any similar body in the world. 
In the Spanish cortes, however, either house may take the initiative in all cases of legislation. 
In the Netherlands, the upper house cannot amend the bills of the lower branch, but must 
accept or reject them in their entirety. The British house of lords cannot initiate or amend a, 
money bill ; neither can the Canadian senate nor the upper houses of any of the British 
dependencies. The senate of the United States, however, may amend while it cannot 
originate a revenue or money bill. The upper house of the Prussian landtag cannot amend 
the budget. In some countries there is a union of the two houses to consider and pass bills 
on which one or the other disagrees. This is a useful precedent, though it is borrowed from 
the system of the United States. In some German states a permanent committee represents 
the house or houses then not sitting a nuani responsible government in practice. 

Universal suffrage prevails generally in North and South America, including the provinces 
of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. In a. 
few South American states, and in Massachusetts some educational tests are necessary. 
Costa Rica limits the franchise to those who can live respectably, and Mexico to " all respect 
able male adults." Hayti requires her negro citizens to have "some vocation" a mere 
euphemism certainly. In the states of Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, women can vote at 
state, as well as at municipal elections, and the same is true of New Zealand and South Australia. 
In Europe, property, income, and the payment of taxes govern. The German reichstag and 
French chamber of deputies are chosen by general suffrage. But in no part of Europe except 
Austria can women vote even on a property qualification. In some countries a premium is 
placed on learning or education, viz. : Victoria, Tasmania, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chili, Cape of 



1897] FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 77 

Good Hope, Malta, Hawaii, Hungary, Bremen, and other states. In Montenegro, men 
capable of bearing arms are the electors. In a few countries the age of electors is limited to 2o, 
but the ordinary age of manhood, 21, may be considered the rule. 

Qualifications for members of the houses are required generally on the lines of age, but 
except in a few of the older states of Europe property qualification is now not necessary for 
the popular chamber. The age of the elected or appointed members of the upper houses is 
generally greater than that of the lower, 30 being the average. The number of members in 
tipper houses chiefly those elected or appointed is, as a rule, lower than that of the 
popular chamber. The English house of lords, however, is not very much less than that of 
the commons, but, it must be remembered that only a small proportion of peers ever take 
their seats or vote. The Hungarian house of magnates actually counts a few more than the 
popular branch, while the new Japanese parliament preserves a parity. 

The relations to the executive show great divergence. Countries of the English type, as 
I have already intimated, display the ministerial responsibility well developed. On the 
continent generally the connection is somewhat slighter. In Sweden and Norway it is unde 
fined. To be sure the German constitution does not create a ministry responsible to the 
legislature. But the system of government "seems to be in a transition stage between the 
one-man rule of qua/ii absolutism under constitutional forms, and the liberal regime of modern 
times." There is no ministerial responsibility in Switzerland. Between the anglo-continental 
system and the congressional plan, there is a very wide divergence. 

The sovereign of a monarchy and the president of a republic has, with a few exceptions, 
some share, often considerable, in legislation. The German emperor has vast powers ; the 
other European constitutional sovereigns far less. The American president has far greater 
power in legislation than the queen of England, since he can stop any congressional legislation 
when there is not a two-thirds majority in both houses to over-ride his veto. The king of 
Sweden has an absolute veto in Sweden, and promulgates various laws, though in his office as 
k ing of Norway he has a suspensive veto only, and possesses some temporary powers when the 
storthing is not sitting. 

The French national assembly has the important duty of electing the president of the 
republic, while the Swiss federal republic the home of the "initiative" and the "refer 
endum" chooses the entire executive or federal council. Members of this council can sit and 
speak but not vote in the chambers. The federal assembly elect the president and vice- 
president from among the members of this council. Here are more illustrations of distrust of 
democracy. 

It may be said that the principles of representative and popular government have, indeed, 
made remarkable strides within the latter half of this century. The latest acquisition is 
Japan, which has already made a claim for a high place among civilized nations and proved its 
capacity to understand the principles of parliamentary government as well as the rules and 
conditions of modern warfare. Another half-century must witness an extraordinary develop 
ment in the same direction of popular government. The great English poet wrote a 
political truth when he told us years ago : 

" For through all the ages an increasing purpose runs, 
And the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns." 



II. -GOVERNMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. 

Population, 345,000,000 ; with protectorates, about | EXECUTIVE POWER. 

382,000,000. Area without protected territory, 9,144,- 



735 square miles. 

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Monarchy under par 
liamentary government. Population in 1891, 37.740,283 : 
England, 27,560,000 ; Wales, 1,510,034 ; Scotland, 4,025, 
064; Ireland, 4,704,750. Area, 121,115 square miles: 
England, 51,000; Wales, 7,378; Scotland, 30,000; Ire 
land, 31,759. 



A sovereign, at present a queen, exercising all powers 
of executive government through a cabinet composed of 
certain sworn privy councillors, \vl\o act as advisers of 
the crown, and conduct the public administration in 
accordance with law and constitutional usage. The 
crown is hereditary, but subject to such limitations as 
may be imposed by parliament i.e., by the crown, lords 
and commons. The head of the administration is the 



78 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



premier, or first minister, who is the choice of the 
crown ; he selects the members of the cabinet and min 
istry, with the approval of the sovereign. The cabinet 
consists, at present, of 16 ministers, of whom the 
first lord of the treasury is generally premier. In addi 
tion to the inner or advisory council, called the cabinet, 
there are other ministers holding subordinate positions 
in the government, but who also retire with the cabinet 
in case of resignation or defeat. The whole number of 
persons comprising the government of England, includ 
ing the chief officials for Scotland and Ireland, is 56. 
The government hold office as long as they retain the 
confidence of the house of commons. The common law 
is the basis of justice in Great Britain and Ireland, ami 
in all colonies and dependencies of the crown. Wher 
ever, in the latter, the civil or other law is in force, it 
will be stated below in the case of the particular colony. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 

The parliament of Great Britain is composed of the 
crown, lords and commons. The lords consists at pre 
sent of 576 archbishops (2), bishops (24) and peers, the 
latter divided into 22 dukes, 22 marquesses, 119 earls, 
26 viscounts, and 308 barons. Six princes of the royal 
blood have also seats in the house. Scotland is repre 
sented by 16 peers, elected for each parliament, and 
Ireland by 28 representative peers elected for life. The 
speaker is the lord high chancellor of England, who is a 
member of the cabinet, and retires with a change of 
government. The house of lords has co-ordinate powers 
of legislation with the house of commons, except as re 
spects taxation or money bills. It cannot initiate or 
amend such bills, but it may under exceptional condi 
tions reject them as a whole. The house of commons is 
the body where the chief political power rests. It con 
sists of 670 members, elected by the legal electors of 
Great Britain and Ireland, as follows : England 465, 
Wales 30, Scotland 72, Ireland 103. All elections are 
now by ballot. Since the reform bill of 1832 the fran 
chise has been widely extended to all classes who have a 
stake in the country. The suffrage is now divided 
among freeholders, copyholders, leaseholders, occupants 
of lands and tenements , and lodgers of a specified value. 
The house of commons lasts for seven years, unless 
sooner dissolved by the crown with the advice of the 
cabinet. Parliament is summoned, prorogued and dis 
solved by the sovereign. The speaker and deputy 
speaker of the commons are elected by the house for 
the duration of the parliament. Members do not re 
quire a property qualification, but they must be English 
citizens of the age of 21 years, not bankrupts, or idiots 
or criminals. Members are not paid. The system of 
local government has been much simplified quite re 
cently. England and VVales are now divided into 62 
administrative counties, including the city of London. 
In every county there is a council composed of alder 
men and councillors. Aldermen are elected for six 
years, half of them retiring every third year. A coun 
cillor is elected for three years. The counties are again 
divided into " urban districts" and "rural districts," in 
which councils are elected. The parish continues to be 
a unit of local government, and the duties formerly 
performed by "vestries" are now discharged by 
"parish meetings" and "parish councils." In cities 
and towns the affairs are administered by municipal 
corporations, consisting of mayor, aldermen and bur 
gesses ; the mayor and aldermen are elected by the 
council, and the burgesses by ratepayers. Women can 
be elected only to district councils and parish councils, 
including the London vestries. Married as well as 
single women can vote at parochial elections. In 
Scotland there are parish councils, and municipal 
bodies in towns and cities. The councils of the latter 
consist of a provost and bailies. In Ireland there is no 
system of representative local government, but in 
counties the authority is the grand jury. In some 
towns and boroughs there are corporations consisting 
of mayor, aldermen and councillors. In the majority ot 
towns local government is entrusted to commissioners, 
appointed by the Irish government. 



BRITISH COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES, viz. 

Aden, a British protectorate and fortified station 
Btimated population, 42,000, mostly Bedouins; area, 75 



estimated population 
square miles. 



PERIM, a dependency of Aden, has five square miles, 
and a population of 2,000. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Under the lieutenant-governor 
and council of Bombay, who are represented by a presi- 
lent or political resident, who is the commandant of 
he English troops in the peninsula. 



Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a penal settle- 
iient ; estimated population, 27,000 ; area, 2,508 square 
niles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Subject to government of Bengal 
see India). A chief commissioner and superintendent 
are appointed by the Indian government. 

Ascension Island, a naval station ; area, 3S square 
niles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. This rocky island is under the 
ontrol of the English navy. 



Bahamas (West Indies), representative but not re- 
.ponsible government ; population, 47,565 ; area, 5,800 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor appointed by the im- 
aerial government, as in other colonies and dependencies 
except the provinces of the Dominion of Canada), 
assisted by an executive council of nine members, 
oartly official and partly unofficial, having seats in one 
}f the branches of the legislature. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis- 
ative council of nine members, chosen by the crown,, 
and a representative assembly of 29 members elected 
on a small property qualification. Members must 
nave a property qualification. 

Bahrein Islands, English protectorate ; estimated 
population, 25,000. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary chief or sheik, who is 
a Mohammedan. English resident controls affairs. 



Baluchistan, an independent feudatory state of 
India under the protectorate of England; population, 
500,000, largely nomadic ; area 106,000 square miles. 
1 EXECUTIVE POWER. A hereditary khan or chief, who 
s the head of a confederacy of chiefs, with undefined 
powers, and aided by an English political agent so far 
as British interests are concerned. 



Basutoland, crown colony ; population, 219,000, 
nearly all natives ; area estimated at 10,300 square- 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. A resident commissioner, ap 
pointed by the crown, acting under the direction of the 
high commissioner for South Africa. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative authority is exercised by the commissioner by 
proclamation. 

Bechuanaland, British crown colony ; population, 
70,000 ; area, 71,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. An administrator, deputy high 
commissioner, and chief magistrate, representing the 
governor of Cape Colony. 

LKGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. This 
colony is to be annexed immediately to the Cape, at 
this time of writing. 

Bermudas, with representative, but not responsi 
ble government; population, 15,600 ; area, 19 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, assisted by a privy 
council, appointed by the crown, and consisting of four 
official and two unofficial members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. A 
legislative council of nine members, three of whom are 
official, and six unofficial, but all appointed by the 
crown. A house of assembly of 36 members, elected by 
a freehold qualification. Members must have a pro 
perty qualification, and are paid 8s. a day for attend 
ance. Hamilton and St. George have corporations. 

British Central Africa, comprising Nyasaland 
and the British sphere of influence beyond ; an English 
protectorate ; estimated population, 5,000,000. Area, 
estimated at 500,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. The affairs of Nyasaland are ad 
ministered by an imperial commissioner under the- 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



79 



instructions of the secretary of state for foreign affairs, 
and the territory beyond, under British influence, by a 
commissioner directed by the British South Africa 
chartered company. 

British North Borneo, a British protectorate ; 
estimated population, 200,000; area, 30,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. The affairs of this protectorate 
are, under a royal charter, administered by a court of 
directors in London, with a governor, treasurer-general 
a"nd residents appointed by them, but in the case of the 
governor the appointment must be approved by the 
foreign secretary of state. The Indian penal and other 
laws are administered with such modifications as are 
necessary. English magistrates are stationed in the 
several provinces. 

Barbadoes, with representative, but not responsi 
ble government ; population, 185,000 ; are.a, 1C6 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, assisted by an execu 
tive committee, officials, military officers, and such 
other persons as may be nominated by the queen, one 
member of the legislative council, and four members of 
the assembly, nominated by the governor. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOV.KKX.MEXT. A legis 
lative council of nine members, appointed by the queen, 
and a house of assembly of 24 members elected annually 
by the people on a very liberal franchise, including per 
sons enjoying pensions. 



Brunei, a British protectorate ; population, 15,000 ; 
area, 280,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. A native state, with a Sultan as a 
ruler. The consular courts at Borneo have jurisdiction 
here, with appeals to the supreme court of the Straits 
Settlements. 



Canada, Dominion of, a federal dependency, with 
representative and responsible government. Popula 
tion, about 5,000,000 ; area, 3,315,647 square miles 
(exclusive of waters). 

EXECUTIVE POWER. The queen represented by a 
governor-general, appointed by the crown, and advised 
by a cabinet chosen from members of the privy council 
of Canada, and consisting of 12 ministers, holding 
departmental offices, besides one or more ministers 
without office. The government holds office as long 
as they have the confidence of the popular branch of 
parliament. The principles of parliamentary govern 
ment are those of England. The common and criminal 
law of England prevails in all the provinces except 
Quebec, where the old French civil code and English 
criminal law are in force. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The 
queen, senate, and house of commons. The senate is 
composed of 78 members, when full, appointed by the 
crown, possessed of property qualification and of 
the age of 30 years. The speaker is chosen by the 
crown. It has co-ordinate powers of legislation with 
the house of commons, except in the case of revenue, 
taxation, or money bills. Though it cannot initiate or 
amend such bills, it may reject them under extra 
ordinary circumstances. Members are paid 81,000 for a 
session of over 30 days, and a sum for travelling 
f\l&gt;iises at the rate of 10 cents a mile going and return 
ing. The house of commons consists, at present, of 213 
members chosen on a very liberal franchise based on 
property, income and wage-earning, with residence and 
citizenship. Members require no propertv qualification, 
but they must be of the age of 21 and British subjects, 
not disqualified bylaw. The speaker is chosen }&gt;\ the 
commons. Parliament has a legal existence of five 
years unless sooner dissolved by the governor-general, 
and meets once every year. Members are paid the same 
as senators. As Canada possesses a system of federal 
government, her legislative powers are limited to certain 
subjects of dominion or national import, set forth in the 
written constitution, or British North America Act, of 
1S67, with the residue of power not expressly given to the 
provinces in the federal government. All the provinces 
of Canada except Prince Edward Island possess a very 
complete system of municipal government which 
entrusts certain i/ntixi legislative powers to councils in 
municipal divisions known as cities, counties, town 
ships, towns, villages and parishes, and elected by rate 
payers. The rules and usages of procedure of the 



Canadian parliament and of the legislatures are based 
on those of the imperial parliament. The closure does 
not exist in Canada. 



Provinces and Territories of the Dominion, 
viz. Nova Scotia, population, 450,396 ; area, 20,600 
square miles. New Brunswick, population, 321,263 ; 
area, 28,200. Prince Edward Island, population, 109,078 ; 
area, 2,000. Quebec, population, 1,438,535; area, 228,- 
900. Ontario, population, 2,114.321 ; area, -222,000. 
Manitoba, population, 152.506; area, 116,021. British 
Columbia, population, 98,173 ; area, 407,300. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. In all these provinces there is a 
lieutenant-governor, appointed for five years by the 
governor-general of the Dominion in council, and aided 
by an executive council of eight or less members, who 
have seats in the legislature, and are responsible to the 
popular house in accordance with the principles of 
English parliamentary government. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. In 
Nova Scotia and Quebec there is a legislative council of 
20 and 24 members respectively, appointed by the , 
lieutenant-governor in council of each province. The 
assembly in these provinces consists of 38 and 73 mem 
bers respectively, elected for four years in Nova Scotia, 
and for five years in Quebec, on a limited franchise 
based on property and income. The speaker of the 
legislative council is appointed by the crown. In the 
five other provinces there is only one house, an elected 
assembly, viz., Ontario, 94 members; New Brunswick, 
41 ; P. E. Island, 30 ; Manitoba, 40; British Columbia, 
33. In all these provinces there is manhood suffrage, 
limited by residence and citizenship, but in P. E. Island 
15 are elected on a special real estate qualification. In 
all of these provinces the duration of the assembly is four 
years, unless sooner dissolved. Sessions are "annual. 
In all of the provinces the speakers of the assemblies 
are elected by the members. In both houses members 
are paid. Members require no property qualification. 
The legislative powers of the legislatures are defined by 
the British North America Act of 1867 Widows and un 
married women, when taxed, can vote at municipal 
elections in Ontario and the North-West Territories ; in 
Manitoba and British Columbia, all women who are 
taxed in their own right can vote at such elections. 



North-West Territories, divided into districts, 
viz. : Alberta, Assiniboia, Athabasca, Saskatchewan, 
I with representative but not responsible government. 
In addition to these partially settled and organized dis 
tricts, the following divisions have also been made in the 
unsettled region ; Franklin, Keewatin, Mackenzie. Un- 
gava, and Yukon. The total population of the X. W. T. 
is now about 106,000 souls ; area, 2,41)7,427 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. A lieutenant-governor, appointed 
for five years by the governor-general of Canada in 
council, and assisted by an executive committee of four 
persons, chosen by the assembly for financial purposes. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. An 
assembly of 26 members chosen by ballot on a verv 
liberal franchise based on residence and household 
qualification, Indians being excluded. It elects its own 
speaker, has a duration of four years unless sooner dis 
solved, and meets once every year. Members do not 
require a property qualification. The legislate e powers 
are defined by a dominion act, and are, as nearly as 
practicable, those of provincial assemblies. Municipal 
institutions have been established in towns and rural 
districts, in imitation of the Ontario system. 

Cape Of Good Hope, with responsible govern 
ment; population, 1,528,000; area. 222,000 square miles. 

_ EXEUUTIVF. POWKR. A governor, assisted bv an execu 
tive council of six or more members, having seats in the 
legislature and holding office on I he principles of respon 
sible government, The Roman Dutch civil and English 
criminal laws are in force. 

LEGISLATIVE POWKR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. A le&lt;ns- 
lative council of 22 members elected for seven years, 
presided over, r.e n/u-in. by the chief justice, and a 
house of assembly of 76 elected members. The members 
of the legislative council must have a property qualifi 
cation, but any person not an alien or otherwise dis 
qualified may be elected a member of assembh. Mem 
bers of both houses are elected by ballot on a very 

* See Bourinot s " How Canada is Governed," p. 155. 



80 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



liberal franchise, based on property, income or wages, 
and certain elementary educational requirements. 
Members are paid. The debate may be either in English 
or Dutch. The assembly elects its own speaker, meets 
annually, and has a duration of five years unless sooner 
dissolved. A municipal system has been established, 
and councillors are elected to boards and councils. 



Ceylon, crown colony ; population, 3,100,000 ; area, 
25,365 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of five members, composed of officials and the 
commander-in-chief. The Roman Dutch law and Indian 
penal code prevail. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. A legis 
lative council of 17 members, including the members of 
the executive council, four other office-holders, and 
eight unofficial members appointed by the crowu. The 
governor is president. Government agents administer 
local affairs of the nine provinces. 

Channel Islands: Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, 
Sark, Henn, representative dependencies ; population, 
92,000 ; area, 73 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. One lieut. -governor appointed by 
the crown, for Jersey, and another governor in Guernsey 
for the other islands. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. States 
assembly, partly officials, partly elected members. The 
islands have their own laws and customs. 



Cyprus, British protectorate by convention with 
Turkey; estimated population, 210,000; area, 3,584 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. High commissioner, or adminis 
trator, appointed by the English crown, and aided by 
an executive council of five members, including the ad 
ministrator and commandant of the garrison. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council composed of the high commissioner 
(president fx-ojficio), six non-elective members or 
officials, and 12 elected members, nine chosen by the 
non-Mahometan population and three by the Mahome 
tan population. The franchise, which can be exercised 
by British subjects and foreigners after five years resi 
dence, is based on the payment of native taxes. The 
council may last five years unless sooner dissolved. 
The English and Ottoman law prevails, and English or 
native judges exercise jurisdiction according as the ease 
affects Ottoman or foreign interests. Elective councils 
exist in towns for local purposes. 



Fiji and dependencies, crown colony; population, 
122,000 ; area, 423 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of three official members. Natives are employed 
in administrative positions throughout the islands. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of 12 members, composed of the governor, 
as president, five official and six non-official members, 
all appointed by the crown. A system of local govern 
ment exists and the natives are represented in village 
and district councils. An annual meeting of the high 
chiefs and representatives from each province is held 
under the presidency of the governor. 



Falkland Islands, crown colony ; population, 
2,000 ; area, 4,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVH POWKR. Governor, aided by an executive 
council, composed of the governor and two officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legisla 
tive council of six members, including the executive 
council, the judge, and two other unofficial members. 
The governor is president. 



Gambia, crown colony ; population, 15,000 ; area, 
2,700 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. -Administrator, aided by an ex 
ecutive council of five members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legisla 
tive council of six persons, composed of the administra 
tor, the three officials who are executive councillors, 
and two non-official members, all appointed by the 



Gibraltar, military colony ; population, 20,000 ; 
including military ; area, two square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Governor, who is the general 
commanding and exercises all necessary powers of 
government. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. --The 
management of local matters like water supply, drain 
age, health, etc., is entrusted to a body nominated by 
the governor, called the sanitary commissioners. 



Gold Coast Colony, crown colony ; population, 
77,000 ; area, 39,060 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council composed of the commandant and four officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of the governor, the chief justice, mem 
bers of the executive council and three non-official 
persons. For the purposes of administration the 13 
districts of the colony are presided over by a commis 
sioner. 



Guiana, British, with representative but not re 
sponsible government; population, 288,000 ; area, 109,- 
000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor assisted by an executive 
council chosen from members of the court of policy. 
The jurisprudence is the English criminal law and the 
Roman-Dutch code. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Com 
bined court, consisting of a court of policy of seven 
official and eight elective members, and also of six 
financial representatives, the elected members being 
chosen by a very liberal franchise based on property, 
income, taxes and residence. Membership to the com 
bined court and court of policy is based on a property 
and income qualification. Taxation and finance are 
dealt with by the combined court alone. Municipal 
institutions have been introduced into this colony. 

Honduras, British ; crown colony ; population, 
32,000 ; area, 7,562 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Lieutenant-governor, assisted by 
an executive council of seven members, three of whom 
are unofficial. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council appointed by the crown, and consisting of 
three official and five unofficial members. The lieu 
tenant-governor is president, ex-ojficio. 

Hong-Kong, crown colony ; population, 239,000 ; 
area, 30 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of six official persons. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, composed of the governor (president), 
six official and five non-official members, three nomi 
nated by the crown, one by the justices of the peace, 
and one by the chamber of commerce. A Chinese is 
chosen one of the three non-official members. 



Isle of Man, representative dependency ; popula 
tion, 55,600 ; area, 227 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor and council of ecclesi 
astical and judicial dignitaries, appointed by the crown. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Court 
of Tynwald, composed of the governor, the council, 
which is also an upper house, and house of keys, con 
sisting of 24 members, elected on a property qualifica 
tion. The island has its own laws and customs, but the 
approval of the English crown is essential to every 
enactment. 



India. 1. British provinces, population, 221,172,095. 
2. Feudatory or native states, under British protection, 
population, 66,050,574. Total population of India, 
287,223,574 ; area, 1,600,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. 1. In England, a secretary of 
state for India, a member of the cabinet, aided by a 
council of 15 members, mostly former residents of India. 
2. In India, a governor-general (or viceroy nominally) 
appointed by the queen, acting under secretary of state 
for India, and aided by a council of six members, also 
appointed oy the queen. 3. British India is divided 
into 13 local governments and administrations. The 
governors of Madras and Bombay (still called presi 
dencies) and their councils are appointed by the queen 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



81 



or secretary of state ; the lieutenant-governors of Ben 
gal and the north-west provinces with Oudh and the 
Punjaub, by the governor-general ; the chief commis 
sioners of the other provinces by the same. 4. In the 
native and feudatory states the government is adminis 
tered by the native princes with the assistance of an 
English resident or political agent. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. For 
India generally there is a legislative council, composed 
of the viceroy s council and some 12 or 16 other 
appointed members, for the purpose of making laws 
and regulations. In Bombay and Madras there are 
both executive and legislative councils. In the north 
west provinces and Oudh there are only legislative 
councils. The chief commissioners have no legislative 
powers. In all the large towns there is a municipal 
system and committees or councils are elected by the 
ratepayers, but they cannot levy new taxes or pass by 
laws without the assent of the provincial government. 



Jamaica, crown colony ; population, 640,000 ; area, 
4,193 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by a privy 
council of eight official and other persons appointed by 
the crown. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council composed of the governor (president with 
only a casting vote), five official members, five others 
appointed by the crown, and nine elected. The council 
can be dissolved at the end of every five years. Paro 
chial boards exist in the parishes for local administra 
tive purposes. 

Kuria Mura Islands, under government of 
Aden. (See Aden above.) 



Labuan, crown colony ; population, 6,000 ; area, 31 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Gover 
nor can make ordinances. 



Laccadive Islands, population, 15,000 ; none 
exceeds a mile in length. Subject to Madras presi 
dency. (See India.) 

Lagos, crown colony and protectorate, comprising 
certain adjacent islands ; estimated population, 100,000 ; 
area, 1,069 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of three officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legisla 
tive council, composed of the governor (president), four 
official and four non-official members appointed by the 
crown. Commissioners attend to administrative affairs 
in the several districts. 

Leeward Islands (West Indies), federal colony 
with representative government in part ; total popula 
tion of islands, 128,000. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by one common 
executive council of seven officials for the five presi 
dencies or island governments, set forth below. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council consisting of 10 elective and 10 appointed 
members. The island council of Antigua elect four of 
the elective members ; the legislative council of Dom 
inica, two ; the non-official members of the legislative 
council of St. Kitts and Nevis, four. The nominated 
members comprise four officials, and five non-official 
members, one from each of the island councils. The 
president is chosen from the latter bodies. The legisla 
tive council has concurrent legislative powers with the 
island legislature, but the general legislature prevails 
in case of clashing between the respective enactments. 
The general legislature meets annually, and has a dura 
tion of three years. 

Presidencies of Leeward Islands Federa 
tion, viz. : 

1 ANTIGUA, with dependencies of Barbuda and Red- 

onda ; population, 37,000 ; area, 106 square miles. 
EXKCUTIVK POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
ouncil of nine members, official and non-official. 

6 



LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legisla 
tive council of 24 members, divided into 12 crown 
nominated persons, and 12 members with a fixed income, 
and elected by a liberal franchise based on property. 
The council has a duration of five years, and the presi 
dent and vice-president are appointed by the crown. 

2 ST. CHRISTOPHER (St. Kitts), Nevis and Anguilla ; 
population, 45,000 ; area. St. Christopher, 46 square 
miles ; Nevis, 50 ; Anguilla, 35. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Governor for the united presi 
dency, aided by one executive council of 11 or more 
persons four of whom are officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legisla 
tive council composed of the governor (president or a 
commissioner appointed by him), 10 official and 10 
nominated unofficial members, seven of the latter being 
selected from the people of St. Kitts and Anguilla, and 
three from Nevis. 

3 DOMINICA; population, 27,000; area, 291 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, representing the gover 
nor of the Leeward Islands, assisted by an executive 
council of seven members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative assembly of seven appointed, and seven elected 
members, presided over by the president. Electors 
must be tenants or occupiers of land or houses, and 
have incomes or pay taxes. 

4 MONTSERRAT ; population, 12,000 ; area, 47 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of five members, four of whom are officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of six or more members, all appointed by 
the crown. 

5 VIRGIN ISLANDS (32 in number) ; population, 4,800 ; 
area, 58 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Administrator, representing the 
governor of the Leeward Islands, and aided by an ex 
ecutive council of three official members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWKR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of two official and three non-official 
members, presided over by the administrator. 

Malta, partly representative government ; popula 
tion, 165,000 ; area, 122 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of 10 members. 

LE8ISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Council 

of six official and 14 elected members, and having a 
duration of three years. Four of the elected members 
are returned hy special electors, having rental or income 
qualification and chosen from nobles, ecclesiastics, 
university graduates and members of the chamber of 
commerce respectively. The other elected members 
are chosen by electors paying rental or having a certain 
income, or competent to serve on a common jury. 
Members of the council must have property qualification 
or pay a fixed sum for board and lodging annually. 
The governor presides ex-nj/icin. The vice-president is 
appointed by the crown. Either functionary may 
authorize an official member to preside when necessary. 



Mauritius and dependencies, partly representative 
government ; population, 372,000 ; area, 1,003 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of five official and two elected members. The 
French civil law as codified by the code Napoleon is in 
force. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Legis 
lative council of 27 members, eight officials, nine ap 
pointed by the governor and 10 elected on a moderate 
franchise, chiefly based on property, rental and income. 
Members are not paid and may speak either French or 
English. The governor is president. 



Natal, with responsible government ; population, 
400,000 ; area, 20,500 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of six members having seats in the legislature 
and holding office on the principles of responsible gov- 
eminent. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of 11 members summoned by the governor 
in council, and holding their seats for 10 years, and 



S2 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[189T 



havin- a property qualification. The assembly consists 
of 37 members, elected by a franchise, based on a pro 
perty rental or income qualification. It has a duration 
of four years, unless sooner dissolved. Members must 
be registered as electors, and are only paid an allowance 
for travelling expenses. A municipal system exist 
the settled districts. 

Newfoundland, with responsible government. A 
portion of Labrador within its jurisdiction ; population, 
203,000 ; area, 42,2uO square miles. 

EXECUTIVE PowER.-Governor, aided by an executue 
council of not more than seven members, responsible 



Cil-iLATlVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVWVSMENT.-Legis- 

lative council of not more than 15 members appointed 
bv the crown. An assembly of 36 members, elected b&gt; 
registered male electors of 25 years of age. Members 
must have a property or income qualification and are 
paid. The president of the council is appointed by the 
crown, and the speaker of the assembly is elected by Us 
members. 

New Guinea, British, crown colony ; population, 
350 000 ; area, 88,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWBK. Administrator, subordinate to the 
governor of Queensland, and assisted by an executive 
council of four official members. 

I "o SLVTIVE POWER AND LOCAL GovERNMEST.-Legis 
1-itive council appointed by the crown, and composed 
of three official and one unofficial members. The lieu 
tenant-governor presides over both councils. 

New South Wales, with responsible govern 
ment, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island and I ittcair 
Island areunder its jurisdiction ; population, 1,225,000 , 

ar ExKCCTi\E PoWKE. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of 11 ministers responsible to and having s 



inder a royal charter by which their sovereign right sii 
he territories are recognized. 

Nyasaland. (See British Central Africa.) 

Queensland, with responsible government ; popu 
lation, 395,000; area, 668,500, square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER, Governor, aided by an execul 
council of eight ministers having seats in and respon 
sible to parliament. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVKRXVKNT. Legis 
lative council of 38 members appointed by the crown 
for life An assembly of 72 members elected by ballot 
under a universal franchise qualified by a short term of 
residence No property qualification is required for 
members of either house. Members of the assembly 
are paid. A municipal system prevails. 

Sarawak a British protectorate ; estimated popu 
lation, 300,000 ; area, 500,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. The internal administration is- 
under a rajah and supreme council of 11 members, com 
posed of the rajah, and eminent native officiate. Ine 
imperial government control foreign relations. 

Seychelles, a dependency of Mauritius, and a 
crown colony ; population, 17,000 ; area estimated at 

120 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Administrator, aided by an execu 
tive council of three officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, composed of the administrator, members 
of executive council, and three unofficial members 
appointed by the crown. 

Sikkem an Indian feudatory state under English 
protection ; population, 31,000 ; area, 2.818 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWEK. -Nominally a hereditary maharaja 
and council, aided by a British political agent. The 
council and agent at present rute. 



POWER AND LOCAL GovKKNMENT.-Legis- 
Kt ve counci of 64 persons, appointed by the crown 
and not paid. An assembly of 125 members, elected b 
iniversal suffrage, qualified by citizenship and resi- 
"SS^BSSSU voting and the ballot ,s s The 
urinciple of " one man one vote prevails. moere 
no property qualification, and are paid. The 



Sydney. _ 

New Zealand, with responsible government ; popu 
lation about 700,000, including Maoris ; area, 104,4,0 

Sq ExmVK&gt;owER.-Governor, aided by an executive 
council of eight members, responsible to and having 



LEGISLATIVE I-OWEK AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. -Legis- 
litive council of 46 members, now appointed t&gt;&gt; t 
crown foi seven years only. The house of represuiita- 
rTveTconsilts of 74 members, of whom four are Maoris 
chosen bv the ,atives. The white representatives are 
chosen bv universal suffrage, qualified by resu em-e .ami 
citizenship Natives vote on a freehold qualification. 
ThemSleof "one man one vote" prevails Mem- 
bersC only required to have qualification of electors 
Members of both houses are paid. Women can vote 
but cannot be chosen to the houses. A municipal 
system has been in operation for years in counties, 
boroughs, ridings. 

Niger Coast Protectorate, population un- 

kl ExmTivE PoWRR.-Imperial commissioner, consul 
S and consuls have a general supervision but a 
n c 1 composed of chiefs manage principally the 
Vt "rs of ?h" natives, subject to appeals to the consular 
courts. Europeans can appeal from the latter to the 
Lagos supreme court. 

Nitrer Territories, British protectorate; estim 
ated population, 36,000,000 ; area, 500,000 square miles. 
Ex XUT F PowER.-Governor, and council in London 
admin^ste ing the affairs of the Royal Niger Company, 



Socotra, dependency of Aden; population, 10,000; 
area, 1 ,382 square miles. (See Aden above.) 

Somali, British protectorate ; estimated population, 
100 000 ; area, 75,000 square miles. 
EXECUTIVE POWER. Political agent-and consul. 

St. Helena, crown colony; population, 4,200; area, 

4 EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of four members, including the Episcopalian 

1 "] "ILLATIVE POWER^AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.-Gover- 

nor a one can make ordinances. No municipal syst 

^Sierra Leone, including Sherl.ro Island, crown 
colof&gt; population, 127,000 ; area, 4,000 square miles. 
KMMOTm! POWER.- Governor, aided by an executive 
council of seven members. 

EG 8LAI1VE POWER AND LOCAL GoVERNMENT.-Leg.S- 

lative council composed of the governor (ex-offleio j&gt;rext- 
,A,,0 th" executive councillors and three unofficial 
members, appointed by the crown. 

South Australia, with responsible government p 
noDulation 3"l Odd ; area, 903,690 square miles. 
T"m ? IVE PowER.-Governor, aided by an executive 
council of seven members, of whom the chief justice i 
one and six ministers responsible to and having seats 



POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMKNT.-Legis- 

lativt counci o members elected for three years by 
ha lot and qualified by residence, citizenship and the 

ull i"eof 30 vears. Electors for this house must have 

a pvonertv vilification. An assembly of 54 members 

I elected for three rears by ballot, by universal suffrage, 

ouanfled bv citizenship an&lt;l residence. Members only 

!equ re to be electors. Both legislative eouncinors and 
rei resentatives are paid and receive a free pa*s 
Lovenmient railwavs. The municipal system estab 
lishes elected councils for counties, hundreds, munid- 
palities and districts. _ 



Straits Settlements 
Malacca), crown colony ; population, 
26,000 square miles. 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



83 



EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of eight officials and officer in command. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council composed of the governor (president 
ex offiuio), executive councillors and seven unofficial 
members, of whom two are nominated by the chambers 
of commerce of Penang and Singapore, and five 
appointed by the crown. A municipal system has been 
established with certain restrictions. 



Tasmania, with responsible government; popula 
tion, 116,000; area, 26,215 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of six ministers, responsible to aiid having 1 seats 
in parliament. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of 18 members, elected for six years and 
qualified by residence and citizenship and of the age of 
30 years. The electors for the house must he freeholders, 
leaseholders, barristers, graduates, ministers of religion 
or military or naval officers. A house of assembly of 
37 members elected by ballot for three years by electors 
qualified as owners or occupiers of "property or bv 
income. Members are paid and receive free railway 
passes. A liberal municipal system exists and women 
vote. 

Tobag-o, now a dependencv of Trinidad (see below) 
population, 19,000 ; area, 114 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Commissioner, appointed by the 
governor of Trinidad, and a member of the legislative 
council of the united colony. He is aided by a financial 
board of five members, two appointed by the governor 
and three elected. 



Trinidad, crown colony ; population, 210,000 ; area, 
1,715 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council of seven members, of whom the majority are 
officials. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council composed of the governor (president), 
nine official and 11 unofficial members, all appointed by 
the crown. Tobago is represented by its commissioner 
and an unofficial member in the council. 



Tristan D Acunha, Goug-h Island, and adja 
cent rocky islets ; with population of about 100. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. -The affairs of this and adjacent 
islands, which have only a very insignificant population 
are under the "moral rule" of one of the English 
inhabitants, whq have founded this settlement. 

Turks and Caicos Islands, a dependency of 
Jamaica, and crown colony ; population, 4,800 : area 
223 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor of Jamaica, with a resi 
dent commissioner as administrator. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative board composed of the commissioner, the judge, 
and not more than four other persons to regulate taxa 
tion and all local matters. 

Victoria, with responsible government ; population 
1,200,000 ; area, 87,884 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, aided by an executive 
council composed of nine ministers, responsible to and 
having seats in parliament. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, or upper house, of parliament of 48 mem 
bers, elected for six years on a franchise based on the 
ownership or occupancy of freehold or leasehold pro 
perty, and certain professional qualification* One-third 
ret i re every two years. Members must possess freehold 
property, but are not paid. The assembly contains 95 
members, returned for three years on manhood suffrage. 
Members require no property qualification and receive 
an indemnity, besides free passes over government 
railways after seven years standing, the latter privilege 
extending to legislative councillors. An excellent sys 
tem of municipal government exists in cities, towns 
boroughs and shires. Women can vote at municipal 
elections 

Western Australia, with responsible govern 
ment; population, 65,000 ; area, 1,060,000 square miles 

EXECUTIVE I OWEH. -Governor, aided by a cabinet of 
six responsible ministers. 



LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council of 21 members, who must be citizens and 
residents for five years, and elected on a property fran 
chise for six years. The assembly is composed of 33 
members, elected for four years by a liberal franchise, 
practically manhood suffrage. Members are not paid. 
but travel tree over government railways. A municipal 
system exists. 

Western Pacific Islands, viz., Southern Solo 
mon I.. New Hebrides, Tonga, or Friendly I., Samoa, 
Cook, or Hervey I., Navigators I., and Melanesia, 
British protectorates ; estimated population, 100,000. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. England has appointed high com 
missioners, judicial commissioners, and deputy com 
missioners for the purpose of guarding English interests 
in these seas. Courts exist for the purpose of settling 
disputes between British subjects on these islands. In 
the Cook I., there is a president, acting under the in 
structions of the New Zealand government. A queen is 
the head of the government, and has an executive 
council to aid her. A general legislature is to be elected 
to make laws for these islands. The laws must be ap 
proved by the president. 



Windward Islands, a federation, viz. : 

1 GRENADA, with representative but not responsible 
government; population, 56,000; area, 133 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor, exercising jurisdiction 
over the united islands, and aided by an executive 
council of five members, including the governor, for 
administrative purposes. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, composed of the governor (president 
ex-oflicio), six official and seven unofficial members, all 
appointed by the crown. 

2 ST. LUCIA, as above ; population, 45,000 ; area, 132 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Administrator, subordinate to 
the governor of the Windward Islands, aided by an 
executive council of four members, im hiding the ad 
ministrator. The French civil law and the English 
criminal law prevail. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, composed of the administrator (as presi 
dent ex-offieio), seven official and six unofficial members, 
all appointed by the crown. 

3 ST. VINCENT, as above ; population, 41,000 ; area 
243 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Administrator, subordinate to the 
governor of the Windward Islands, aided bv an executive 
council composed of five members, including the ad 
ministrator. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Legis 
lative council, composed of the administrator (president 
ex-oflcio), four official and four unofficial members, 
appointed by the crown. 

Zululand. Dependency of Natal ; estimated pop 
ulation, 105,000; area, 13,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Governor of Natal, who is repre 
sented by a resident commissioner. The customary 
native law prevails as to the natives. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Gover 
nor of Natal, legislating by proclamation. 

Zanibesia (or Rhodesia), British, including Mata- 
beleland and Mashonaland. British protectorate ; pop 
ulation unknown, but whites probably number 7,000 ; 
urea, about 7f&gt;f,&lt;&gt;00 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKU. - -The affairs of the territory are 
administered by the British South Africa Company, 
having a council in London and an administrator in 
Mashonaland. 

Zanzibar. Uganda, and dependencies; English pro 
tectorate; estimated population, 250,000; area, about 
1,000,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Forms part of the territory on 
the east coast of Africa under the influence of the 
(barter incorporating the Imperial British Africa Com 
pany. I ganda is now administered by an imperial 
commissioner. 

For names of other islands and rocks which are under 
British protectorate, but are not included in any colony 
or separate protectorate, see "The Colonial Office List " 
for 1895, p. 296. 



84 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



III. GOVERNMENT OF ALL OTHER COUNTRIES. 



Abyssinia and Shoa (ancient "Ethiopia"), ab 
solute monarchy ; population, 3,000,000 ; area. 150,000 
square miles. The country is made up of semi-inde 
pendent, small states, and is nominally under the pro 
tectorate of Italy, though for some time the relations 
between King Menelek and Italy have been unfriendly. 

Afghanistan, absolute monarchy ; population, 
tribal, 4,000,000 ; area, 270,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king (amir), with a 
governor (hakim) in each province. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. No rep 
resentative or legislative body. All laws emanate from 
the monarch. 

Andorra, republic trader Joint sovereignty or trance 
and Spain ; population, 6,000 ; area, 175 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Syndic elected by a council of 24 
members, elected for four years by the heads of families 
in each commune or parish. A French prefet is ap 
pointed by the French government to supervise the 
general interests of the republic. Prance and the 
Bishop of Urgel, in Spain, alternately appoint a civil 
judge and a vicar to exercise judicial functions. 

LEGISLATIVE: POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The 
council is charged with general administration. 

Argentine Republic, federal republic, with rep 
resentative but not responsible government, as in Eng 
land; population, 4,086,492 ; area, 1,125,086 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for six years 
by representatives of the 14 provinces, equal to 
double the number of senators and representatives com 
bined, and aided by a cabinet of five secretaries of state 
appointed by the president, but not having seats in or 
responsible to congress. The vice-president is elected 
by the same constituencies ; he acts as chairman of the 
senate. In the provinces (14) there are elective gover 
nors with such executive powers as are exercised by 
similar officers in the United States, and remaining in 
office for three or four years. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.-- A 
national congress of two houses exercising jurisdiction 
over national affairs. A senate of 30 members elected 
by the legislature of each province and by the capital ; 
one-third of the body being renewable every three years. 
Senators must be citizens of 30 years of age, have 
incomes, and are paid. The house of deputies consists 
of *6 members, requiring no property qualification, but 
must be citizens for four years; they are elected for 
four years, but one-half must retire every two years. 
Members are paid. In the provinces there are legisla 
tures of two houses elected for three years, and having 
full control over provincial affairs. 

Austria-Hungary, federal monarchy, under par 
liamentary government; population, 41,358,8M&gt;, or 
about 43,000,000 with Bosnia and Herzegovina ; area, 
264 204 square miles with the last mentioned countries. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Emperor king, who rules by 
hereditary right over the united states of Austra and 
Hungary with the title of emperor of Austria, king of 
Bohemia, king of Hungary, etc., and is aided by a 
common supreme ministry or executive council of three 
departments of state, responsible to the delegations, or 
two bodies of 60 members each, selected each year 
by the reichsrath of Austria and the reichstag of 
Hungary. Ministers nwy be impeached by the delega 
tions. For Austria also there is a ministry of seven 
heads of departments responsible to the reichsrath. 
In each province there is a provincial council, which is 
an executive body, composed of the president &lt; f the 
diet and other members elected. The executive of 
Hungary is a ministry and nine heads of departments, 
responsible to the reichstag. One of these heads is 
minister for Croatia and Slavonia. The general ad 
ministration of the affairs of the Ottoman provinces of 
Bosnia and Herzegovina is exercised under instruc 
tions of the imperial finance minister at Vienna. In 
these provinces there is a government for internal ad 
ministration, judicial and legislative affairs. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The 
dele-ations, which transact the foreign, financial and 
military affairs of the whole empire 120 members in 
all derive their power from the Austrian reichsrath, 



and the Hungarian reichstag, 20 from the upper and 40 
from the lower house of the parliaments in question 
2. The Austrian reichsrath or imperial parliament, con 
sists of an upper and lower house. The upper house 
consists of princes, nobles, archbishops, bishops, and life 
members distinguished in art or science, and who have 
rendered signal services to church or state. The 
lower house (abgeordnetenhaus) consists at present of 
353 members, elected every six years by landowners, 
towns, chambers of commerce, taxpayers in rural dis 
tricts. Females can vote on a special property qualifi 
cation. 3. The parliament meets annually. For Aus 
tria there are also 16 provincial diets of one assembly, 
having the right to legislate on all matters not ex 
pressly reserved for the reichsrath. The deputies to 
the diets, who are archbishops, bishops, rectors of 
universities, and representatives of great estates, 
towns, etc., are elected for six years. Members are paid. 
4. The Hungarian reichstag (orszaggyules) consists of an 
upper house (forendihar) or house of magnates, arch 
bishops, bishops, life peers appointed by the crown, 
state dignitaries and judges ex qfficio, delegates, here 
ditary peers, archdukes. The lower house or house of 
representatives (kepoiselohar) is composed of between 
400 and 500 members, of whom the majority are re 
turned by direct election every five years frcm towns 
and rural constituencies on a very liberal property, 
house, or income franchise. Croatia and Slavonia send 
40 delegates to this house. Members to the lower house 
are paid. 5. For Croatia and Slavonia there is a provincial 
diet consisting of 90 members, elected for five years. In 
Hungary and Austria there is a very complete system of 
local government, based on the representation of com 
munes and districts in councils and assemblies. 



Belgium, limited monarchy, with parliamentary gov 
ernment ; population, 6,069,321 ; area, 11 ,373square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, advised by a 
council of seven heads of departments, responsible to 
and having the right of entry and speech in the 
chambers. In addition to this responsible ministry 
there is a privy council, composed of "ministers of 
state " without portfolio, who may be summoned for 
consultation on extraordinary occasions. 

LKGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Parlia 
ment of two houses, composed of a senate and a chamber 
of representatives. The senate consists of half as 
many members as the lower chamber, elected for eight 
years, partly directly by constituencies and partly in 
directly by provincial councils. All senators must be at 
least 40 years of age and pay taxes. The house of re 
presentatives is composed of members chosen directly 
by citizens paying taxes, of the age of 25, and resident 
Belgian citizens. Members of this house not resident in 
Brussels are paid, and receive a pass over government 
railways for the purpose of attending the session. The 
chamber is renewed by halves every two years. Both 
houses meet annually and nominate their own presi 
dents and officers. The king has the power of dissolv 
ing the houses either simultaneously or separately. 
Belgium has an excellent system of local government in 
provinces and communes. 

Bhutan, independent state of India ; population, 
25,000 ; area 17,000 square miles. 

ExECt TivK POWER. Elected deb rujd, or secular head, 
in conjunction with a dharm raja, or spiritual head, are 
at the head of the government of rhis state, while the 
rule is practically in the hands of the chieftains. The 
British government exercise a control over the affairs 
of the state. 



Bolivia, republic, with representative government ; 
population, 2,019,549 ; area, 567,300 square miles. 

KXK.CI TIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage. Two vice-presidents are elected 
at the same time. The head of the executive is aided 
by a council of five ministers, who have no seats in con 
gress. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses, a senate of 16 members ; a chamber 
of deputies of 64 deputies. The franchise is in the 
hands of all who can read and write. For the depart- 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



85 



ments, provinces and cantons of the republic there are 
prefects, sub-prefects and corregidores entrusted with 
the administration of their internal affairs. 



Bornu, Central Soudan, absolute monarchy ; esti 
mated population, 5,000,000 ; area about 50,000 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Jlai or sheik, aided by a council 
of chiefs, or kokenawa, for all legislative and adminis 
trative purposes. 



Brazil, United States of, federal republic with 
representative government; population, 9,930,478 ; area, 
3,209,878 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years, 
but not eligible for a second term. Both the president 
and vice-president are elected directly by universal 
suffrage, and aided by a cabinet of six secretaries of 
state, to be appointed and dismissed by the president, 
and not having seats in congress. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses ; a senate of 63 members chosen for 
nine years one-third renewable every three years. 
The vice-president is president of the body. The 
chamber of deputies comprises 205 members elected for 
three years by universal suffrage. Members of both 
houses are paid. Each of the 20 states of the republic 
must have administrative, legislative and judicial author 
ities in accordance with the American model, followed 
by the new constitution of 1891. The federal district 
has an elected council and a prefect appointed by the 
president. There is a system of local or municipal 
government in parishes and municipalities. 



Chili, republic, with representative government ; 
population, 3,000, 00 ; area, 293,970 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. President, elected for five years 
by delegates chosen for the purpose by ballot of the full 
electorate (the American system practicallj ). He is 
aided by a responsible council of state of 11 members, 
five chosen by the president and six by congress. In 
addition there is a cabinet of six secretaries of state. 

LEOISLAI IVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
congress of tsvo houses ; a senate of 40 members elected 
every six years by cumulative voting. Senators must 
have a certain income and are not paid ; the chamber 
of 110 deputies elected every three years by all male 
persons who can read and write ; deputies must have a 
small income. In legislation the president has a veto, 
but it may be over-ruled by a two-thirds vote of the 
members present in the two houses. The republic is 
divided into provinces, and the provinces into depart 
ments for purposes of local government. Intendants 
and governors appointed by the president preside over 
the provinces and departments respectively. In the 
town districts there are elective councils. 

China, absolute monarchy ; population, 403,000,000 ; 
area, 4,218,400 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Emperor, who rules by quasi 
hereditary right, though the succession is not from 
father to son necessarily, b-it it is left to the reigning 
sovereign to appoint his successor from his relatives of 
imperial blood. He is aided by a grand council (chun 
chi ch u) of notables, summoned as occasion demands. 
The duties of administration are under the direction of 
the neiko or executive council, composed of seven 
heads of departments. The emperor s power is despotic 
except so far as it is cont rolled by the supreme or grand 
council. The public service is based upon superior 
education and literary attainments. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. No 
system of legislative government exists in the Euro 
pean or American sense, but all laws and edicts are 
framed and promulgated by the emperor with the aid of 
his councils. 



Columbia, federal republic, on United States plan, 
but with a responsible ministry ; population, about 
4,000,000 ; area, 513,940 square miles. 

EXRCUTIVB POWER. President, elected for six years by 
universal suffrage through electoral colleges, and aided 
by a cabinet of eight secretaries responsible to congress. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses ; a senate of 27 members chosen by 
the representatives of the nine departments or states. 



The house of representatives includes 66 members elected 
for four years by universal franchises. The depart 
ments are under the administration of presidents or 
governors chosen by the federal executive, and have 
control of financial and other local matters. 



Congo, independent state under the sovereignty of 
the government of Belgium; population, 14,000,000, 
the whites being about 1,000 in all ; area, 900,000 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. The central authority is at Brus 
sels. The local government is in a governor-general 
and other officials, appointed by the Belgian authori 
ties. Affairs of the provinces (12) are administered by 
officials appointed by the governor. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. All 
legislative power is in the hands of the local govern 
ment, under the instructions of the Belgian authorities. 

Corea, absolute monarchy ; population probably 
from In,0d0,000 to 17,000,000; area, 82,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, called li-hi in 
Chinese, and aided by seven departments of state. 
The Chinese emperor was for years nominally suzerain 
of Corea, but the recent war with Japan for supremacy 
in the promontory has given the latter practically abso 
lute control. Its government will be henceforth carried 
on under Japanese supervision. 

Costa Rica, federal republic, with only one legis 
lative chamber ; population, 243,205 ; area about 24,000 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by electoral assemblies, chosen by all persons who live 
"respectably," and aided by a cabinet of four ministers. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. House 
of representatives of 26 members, chosen in the same 
manner as the president, forfouryears, one half retiring 
every two years. 



Denmark, limited monarchy, with parliamentary 
government ; population, 2,185,335 ; area, 15,289 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, aided by a coun 
cil of state of eight responsible ministers, who can sit 
and debate in the legislative assemblies, but vote only in 
that of which they are actually members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Parlia 
ment (rigsdag) of two houses. The landsthing or 
senate consists of 66 members, partly appointed by the 
crown and partly elected by the people for eight years 
on a tax-paying franchise. The folkething, or lower 
house, consists of 102 members, elected for three years 
by universal suffrage. The limitation being that elec 
tors must be 30 years of age and residents. Members of 
both houses are paid. Denmark has a system of local 
government in counties, towns, hundreds, and parishes. 



Danish Colonies and Dependencies : 

ST. CROIX, ST. THOMAS and ST. JOHN (Danish West 
Indies); population, 32,000; area. 118,dOO square miles. 
The government is under a governor and*other officials 
at St. Thomas. 



GREENLAND ; population, 10,516 ; area, 46,740 square 
miles ; is governed by a board at Copenhagen and by 
officials in two inspectorates or districts. 

ICELAND has a legislative assembly (althing) of 36 
members, and the chief administration of the govern 
ment is under a minister at Copenhagen and two resi 
dent governors (amtmands) or eastern and western 
divisions. 

FAROE ISLANDS ; population, 2,500 ; area, 514 square 
miles. An amtmand, or governor, administers affairs. 



Dahomey, absolute monarchy, now under French 
influence, an I likely to be annexed by France at any 
time ; estimated population, 260,1)00 ; area, 4,000 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Elected king, with absolute 
power. 

Ecuador, republic ; population, about 1,500,000, 
the majority Indians ; area, 120,000 square miles. 



86 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



EXECUTIVE POWKR. President, elected for four years 
by direct vote of the people who can read and write and 
are Roman Catholics, and aided by a cabinet of five 
ministers. A vice-president is also elected and acts as 
president of the council of state, which is composed of 
the cabinet and seven other members. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses ; senate of 32 members elected for 
four years, one-half retiring every second ye&lt;&gt;r ; a house 
of 42 deputies, chosen for two years. The electorate is 
the same as that for president. The government of the 
16 provinces is entrusted to governors appointed by the 
federal executive. The cantons are regulated by politi 
cal chiefs, and the parishes by political lieutenants. 



France, republic, with representative government 
and responsible ministry ; population, about 40,000,000 ; 
area, 204,092 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for seven years 
by a majority of the votes of the senate and chamber of 
deputies meeting as a national assembly. He chooses 
his cabinet of responsible ministers from the chamber of 
deputies. In case of a vacancy by death or resignation 
a new president is immediately elected by the united 
houses. He has the right of dissolving the chamber 
with the consent of the senate. His ministry, who are 
members of and responsible to the chamber, consists of 
nine heads of departments. In connection with the 
work of administration there is also a council of state. 
of which the minister of justice is president. Its special 
duty is to act as a consultative body in administrative 
matters. Members have the right of speech in both 
houses. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress or national assembly of two houses ; a senate of 
300 members and a chamber of 584 deputies. Senators 
must be 40 years old, and are elected for nine years 
one-third retiring every three years. They are elected 
indirect! v by an electoral body. The senate still con 
tains a number of the life members originally elected 
by the united chambers, but henceforth all senators are 
elected. The cnamber of deputies is elected for four 
years by universal suffrage. Deputies must be 25 
years of age. Both senators and deputies are paid. 
Both houses have the same powers of legislation ex 
cept in the case of financial measures, which must 
be first presented in the chamber of deputies. The 
departments of France have a system of local govern 
ment in which the commune is the unit. The pre 
fect or warden of the departments is appointed by 
the central government. In the communes there are 
elected councils, but their acts are subject to the 
approval of the prefect. Centralization is the govern 
ing principle in France. 

French Colonies and Dependencies : 

ALGERIA, colony ; population, 4,200,000 ; area, 184,474 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor, appointed by the 
French government (as in all other cases of colonies), 
aided by a consultative council. 

Legislative, Power and Lncal Government. Repre 
sented by three senators and six deputies in the national 
assembly of France, which legislates for all the colonies. 

ANNAM, French protectorate; population, from two 
to three millions ; area, 27,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. King, called tham thaii. French 
interests are protected by the presence of troops. 

CAMBODIA, French protectorate ; population, 2,000,000; 
area, 88,600 square miles. 

Exfciitirf. Power. King. 

Legix/ii i i- Power and Local Government. fne coun 
try is divided into arrondissements for local purposes. 

COCHIN CHINA, colony ; population, 2,100,000 natives, 
with a small French population of about 3,000 ; area, 
23,082 square miles. 

Leijixlatiee Power rind Lncal Government. One 
deputy. The local government is exercised in provinces 
and arrondissements. 

FRENCH CONGO AND GABUN, colony ; population, 

7 000 000 of natives ; area, 300.000 square miles. 

Extent iw Power. Military commandant in present 
unorganized state of the country. 



FRENCH GUINEA AND DEPENDENCIES, colony ; popula 
tion, 50,000 ; area. 25,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. No rep 
resentation. 

FRENCH INDIA, colony; population, 300,000; area. 
200,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor. 

Lc .iixtatice Power and Local Government. One sena 
tor and one deputy. 

FRENCH SOUDAN, protectorate ; population, over 3,000,- 
000 natives ; area, 54,000 square miles. 

Executive Power.- Military commandant subject to 
the governor of Senegal. 



GrADELOPE AND DEPENDENCIES, colony ; population, 
; area, 722 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor and elected council. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Senator 
and two deputies ; a local system of arrondissements, 
cantons and communes. 

GI-IANA, colony ; population, 30,000 ; area, 46,850 
square miles. 

Kxc- -tttirc Power. Governor. 
Legislative Pouter and Local Government. One 

MARTINIQUE, colony; population, 180,000; area, 380 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor and an elected general 
council. 

Legislative Power and Local Gorcnunent. Senator 
and two deputies ; municipal councils. 

NEW C \LEDOXIA AND DEPENDENCIES. French penal 
colony ; population, 63,000 ; area, 7,700 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor. 

Legislative Power and Local Government, -ao rep 
resentation. 



MADAGASCAR; population, 4,000,000 probably; Diego 
Suavez, on northern part of the Island, is held by 
France. The same is true of Nossi-Beg Island and 
St. Marie ; area, 228,500 square mile s. 

K.renttir&lt;&gt; Power. Hereditary sovereign, at present 
a queen, still controlled by native usages and advised 
by a prime minister and several other ministers. The 
French government is represented by a French resident- 
general ; local governors acting under instructions ot 
The general government are placed at important points. 
The island is being gradually placed in the same posi 
tion as othijr French possessions, as it has been recently 
attached to the French ministry of the colonies. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Vuwic 
assemblies are at times called together for purposes ot 
consultation, but the powers are uncertain arid 
defined. 

HKI NION, colony ; population, 175,000 ; area, 1,000 
square miles. 

Executire Power.- Governor. 

Legislative Pom-r and Local Government. A senator 
and i wo deputies. French municipal law prevails. 

SENEGAL, colony ; population, 175,000 ; area, 54,000 

square miles. . . 

Executive Power. Governor, assisted by a colonial 

Leyiis lative Power and Local Government. - One 
deputy. 

SOCIETY AND MARQUESAS ISLANDS AND FRENCH ESTAB- 
LISII.MKNTS IN OCEANIA. Population, about 00,ow , 
area, 9,170 square miles. 

Executive Power. Commandant-general at lamti, 
exercising jurisdiction over Oceania, and aided by two 
councils, one for consultative purposes and another 
elected by universal franchise. 

ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELOS, fishery station ; population, 
6,000 ; area 90 square miles. 

Kfi riitive Pouter. Governor. 

legislative Power and Local Government. No repre 
sentation. 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



87 



TONQUIN, colony ; population, 9,000,000 ; area, 34,740 
square miles. 

Ex"cntive Power. Still without a fixed system of 
colonial government. French troops occupy the 
country. 



Tt .vis, French protectorate ; population, 1,500,000 
Including nearly 45,000 French residents ; area, 45,000 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Native bey or prince, having 
hereditary rights to the throne ; the French interests 
are guarded by the presence of a minister resident anc 
two secretaries, who administer affairs under the in 
structions of the French government. 

Legislative Power and Loca t;ur&gt;-i-innent. All legis 
lative and executive power is nominally in the bey, but 
France has a veto. 



OTHER FRENCH ISLANDS. St. Paul and Amsterdam, 
Karguelan, Obock, Mayotte, and the Comoro Islands are 
too insignificant to require special mention here. 



Germany (empire of), federal empire, with repre 
sentative institutions ; population, 50,000.000 ; area, 
203,670 square miles. The empire exercises a protec 
torate through imperial commissioners or governors in 
certain countries in Africa and the Pacific. In Africa, 
Pogoland, Cameroons, German South- \Vest Africa, 
German East Africa. In the Pacific, Kaiser Wilhelm s 
Land, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Island, Marshall 
Island, with a probable population, 9,000,000 area 
990,000 square miles. 

EXECTTIVE POWER. The supreme executive is in the 
king of Prussia (hereditary) under the title Deutscher 
kaiser or emperor of Germany, who controls the com 
bined administration and organization of all the German 
states. He has the aid of a chancellor and five heads of 
departments. In addition to these ministers (who do 
not constitute a responsible cabinet), the bundesrath or 
legislative federal council (see below) itself has adminis 
trative powers which it exercises through 12 committees. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. In the 
bundesrath or federal council and the reichstag or diet 
of the realm. The former consists of 58 members repre 
senting the individual states of the empire and appointed 
for each session by their several governments. The 
reichstag is composed of 3!&gt;7 members elected for five 
years in the states by ballot and universal suffrage. 
Both parliaments meet annually on a summons of the 
emperor. The chancellor presides over the bundesrath. 
All laws must receive the votes of an absolute majority 
of both bodies and be assented to In the emperor. 



Germany, States of, viz. : 

ALX.U-K-LORKAIN-E; population, 1,700,000; area, 5 600 
.square miles. 

Executive. Power. Governor-general (statthalter) ap 
pointed by the emperor, and aided by a ministry of 
three members, and a council of state, of whom three 
are recommended by the provincial committee (see 
below). 

Lftixlittir,- Power and Loral Gun rument.- 
sausschuss, or provincial committee of 58 members. 

AMIALT; population, 275,0\)0 ; area. 906 square miles 
executive Power. Hereditary dake, aided bva minis 
ter of state. 

Leg- xlnliiv 1 &gt;;&gt;, ,} ] jWM l GDI-, ,-,, ,,i, nt Diet of 
!6 members, two appointed by the duke and the rest 
chosen by certain classes of the population. 

BADEN; population, 1.700,000; area, 5,821 square 
miles. 

,-utive Power. Hereditary grand duke, aided by 
an executive council of responsible ministers. 

J.&lt;;,,xi,it,,;- Power and Local &lt;;,-,, ,, ,^. Landta- 
t two chambers ; an upper house of ecclesiastical di-ni- 

mes princes and nobles, partly nominated by "the 
grand duke and the rest representative of the nobility 
universities, etc. The second chamber is elected indi 
rectly by the towns and rural districts for four years 
one half retiring every two years. Members are paid 
when they are elected or appointed, and do not sit by 
hereditary right in the upper hoiis.. 



BAVARIA; population, 5,700,000; area, 29,282 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary king with a responsi 
ble ministry and a council of state. 

Legislative Puice.r and Local Government. Parlia 
ment of two houses ; a chamber of reichsrathe or upper 
house of princes, hereditary and appointed ; peers and 
ecclesiastical dignitaries ; *a house of 159 representa 
tives chosen indirectly by electors. Members are paid 
and receive passes over railways. 

BREMEN, state and city of ; population, 182,000; area, 
99 square miles. 

Exi ciitiri Pmcrr. Burgomasters and a senate from 
which is formed a ministry. 

Legislative, Power and Local Gover/nin&gt;i&gt;t.--~Btirger- 
sehaft or convent of 150 burgesses, elected bv the 
citizens, university men being one of the classes of 
voters. 



BRUNSWICK ; population, 405,000 ; area, 1,421 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. At present a regent, through the 
failure of the rightful heir, a duke, to claim the throne. 
He has the assistance of a responsible ministry of three 
heads of departments. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Legisla 
tive assembly of 4(5 members, elected by taxpayers, 
clergy, towns and rural districts for four years, and 
meeting every t\\ o years. 

HAMBURG, state and free city of; population, 623,000; 
area, 158 square miles. 

Executive Power. Senate of 18 carefully selected 
members, with special legal, financial, and other qualifi 
cations, and elected for life by the house of burgesses. 
Two burgomasters, Jhosen by ballot, preside. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. House of 
burgesses of 100 members, elected by ballot for six 
years, one-half retiring every three years, by taxpayers, 
guilds, courts of justice, corporations, etc. " The senate 
has a veto over legislation. In ca&lt;e of conflict there is 
a court of arbitrators chosen equally from the two 
chambers. 

HESSE ; population, 1,000,000; area, 2,965 square miles. 
Executive Power. Hereditary grand-duke, aided by 
a ministry. 

Li /iix/utii-, 1 iitrei- r/iiil Load Government. Legisla 
ture of two chambers ; an upper house of princes eccle 
siastical dignitaries, elected appointed and hereditary 
nenibers ; a lower house of 50 elected members. Meni- 
aers of both houses are paid when elected or appointed. 

LIPPE; population, 1X0 (Mil) ; area, 469 square miles. 
Executive Pouter. Hereditary prince, aided bv a 
uinister. 

L: iiixlntin I m/;,- and Local Gorern incut. ~ Diet of 
21 elected members with also consultative functions. 

LI-BKCK, free city and state of; population, 80,000; 
area, 115 square miles. 

Executive Power. Constitution similar to that of 
Bremen. 



MK&lt; KI.KNBI it(i-Sc-invEuix ; po|&gt;ulation, 600,000; area 
,!. &gt;") square miles. 

E.n i-iitii-i Power. Ileredilary grand duke, aided bv 

a ministry responsible to the head of the executive alone. 

Legislative /Vvv /unl Lorul Unri i-mnent. Partly in 

he hands of the grand duke through an ancient institu- 

1011 that lias come down from feudal times, called the 

lomain, and in the landtag, in which the knights 

estates and the burgomasters of the towns are alone 

represented. The people generally elect no members 

except to the German parliament. 

MKCKLENDI -HU-STRELITZ ; population, 100,000; area, 
,!:;! square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary grand duke, with the 
id of a minister of state. 

L.-iiisliitive 1 inr, ,- iin.l Loral Gnvi i-iiiin nt.Ita diet 
s in common with that of the Duchy of Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin, and is composed of land-owners and burgo- 
nasters. Only the province of Stargard has a share in 
he constitution. 



88 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



OLDENBURG; population, 360,000; area, 2,479 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary grand duke, aided by 
a responsible ministry. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. ~La,ndt&g 
or diet elected for three years by indirect election. 

PRUSSIA ; population, 30,000,000 ; area, 134,463 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary king, who is also empe 
ror of Germany, and aided by a ministry appointed by 
himself. 

Legislative. Power and Local Government. Parlia 
ment or landtag of two houses : a house of lords herren- 
haus, composed of princes, hereditary peers, life peers, 
elected nobles, representatives of universities, burgo 
masters of large towns, etc. : a lower house, or abgeord- 
neterihaus. of 433 members elected by the people for 
five years on a very liberal franchise. Financial ques 
tions can only be initiated in the chamber (lower), but 
they may be rejected as a whole by the upper house ; 
otherwise both houses have equal powers of legislation. 
Members of the lower house are paid. The kingdom is 
divided into provinces, over which governors preside, 
and into Bounties and other minor local divisions for 
purposes of local government. 

REUSH (Elder Branch); population, 63,000 ; area, 122 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince, aided by a 
minister of state. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Legisla 
tive body of 12 members, partly elective and partly 
nominated by the prince. 

REUSS (Younger Branch); population, 120,000 ; area, 
319 square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince, aided by a small 
cabinet. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Diet of 
15 elected members and the prince. 

SAXE-ALTENBURG ; population, 172,000 ; area, 511 
square miles. 

Executice Power. Hereditary duke, aided by an 
executive council. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Chamber 
of 30 members, elected for six years the sessions being 
held every three years. 



SAXE-OOBOURG GOTHA ; population, 207,000 ; area, 
755 square miles. 

Exi Cutive Power. Hereditary duke, aided by a minis 
ter of state. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. In the 
duke and two chambers chosen for four years for each 
of the two duchies by an ndirect system of election, 
and meeting in common for the common affairs of both, 
otherwise separately. 



SAXB-MBNINQEN ; population, 225,000 ; area, 953 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary duke, aided by a minis 
ter of state. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Elective 
chamber of 24 members with an existence of six years. 



SAXE- WEIMAR ; population, 327,000 ; area, 1,388 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary grand duke, aided by 
an executive council responsible to the assembly. 

Legislative Poiver and Local Government. Chamber 
elected directly arid indirectly on a very liberal fran 
chise and meeting every three years. 

SAXONY ; population, 3,000,000 ; area, 5,787 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary king, aided by a 
council. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Parlia 
ment of two chambers : an upper house of princes, 
elected, appointed and hereditary nobles, college and 
university representatives, burgomasters ; a lower 
chamber of 82 members, elected by the towns and rural 
oommunes on a very liberal franchise. Members of 
both houses are paid, except in the case of hereditary 
and official members. 



SCHAUMBURG-LIPFE; population, 40,000; area, 131 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. lr\ the 
prince and diet, partly appointed by the prince and 
classes, and partly elected by the people. 

SCHWARZBURG-RUDODOLSTADT; population, 86,000 ; area, 
363 square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. House of 
representatives elected for three years by taxpayers, 
and inhabitants generally. 

SCHWARZBURG - SoNDERSHAUSEN ; population, 76,000 ; 
area, 333 square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. In the 
prince and diet, partly appointed by the prince and 
land-owners, and partly elected by the people. 

WALDECK ; population, 60,000 ; area, 433 square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary prince, but the real 
power is placed in the king of Prussia, who appoints all 
public officials and administers financial and other affairs. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Assembly 
of 15 elected members whose functions are confined to 
purely local matters. 

WrRTEMBURO ; population, 2,000,000 ; area, 7,528- 
square miles. 

Executive Power. Hereditary king, aided by a. 
minister and a privy council the latter consultative. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Legisla 
ture or landstande, composed of an upper house of 
princes, hereditary and appointed nobles; a house of 
deputies, elected by nobles, clergy, university towns, 
districts, the electors in the latter case being all citizens- 
over 25 years. The ballot is in force. The term of each 
member is six years. Members of both houses are paid. 
A permanent joint committee represents both houses- 
when not sitting. 

German Dependencies or Protectorates : 

IN AFRICA: 

TOGOLAND ; estimated population, 820,000 ; area, 19,- 
960 square miles. . 

CAMEROONS ; estimated population, 5,000,000 ; area 
193,570 square miles. 

SOUTH-WF.ST AFRICA ; estimated population, 220,000 ; 
area, 320,450 square miles. 



EAST AFRICA ; estimated population, 3,000,000 ; area, 
351,040 square miles. 

Executive Power. For above, commissioners or gov 
ernors. 

IN THE PACIFIC : 

MARSHALL ISLANDS ; estimated population, 10,000 ; 
area, 150 square miles. 

SOLOMON ISLANDS ; estimated population, 100,000 ; 
area, 9,000 square miles. 

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO; estimated population, 100,- 
000 ; area, 21,000 square miles. 



KAISER WILHELM S LAND; estimated population, 115,- 

000; area, 72,000 square miles. 
Executive Power. For above, commissioners. 

Greece, constitutional monarchy ; population, 
2,200 000; area, 25 041 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. King (elected in the present caser 
but the succession to he in his heirs under constitu 
tional limitations), aided by a ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, legis 
lative assembly (boule) of 207 representatives, electee! 
by universal suffrage for four years. Members are 
paid. A municipal system exists in the nomarchies or 
provincial divisions. 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



Guatemala, republic ; population, 1,600,000, mostly 
Indians; area , 46,800 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for six years, 
by universal suffrage. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
assembly, elected by universal suffrage for four years. 

Hayti, republic ; population, 1,000,000, negroes 
mostly ; area, 10,204 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, generally chosen by 
the national legislature, though the constitution re 
quires his direct election by the people for seven years. 
Rebellions are frequent and political conditions uncer 
tain. The president has a ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND Loc At, Go VKRNMENT. National 
legislature of two houses : a senate of 39 members, ap 
pointed for six years by the house of representatives 
from lists submitted by the executive and electoral col 
leges one-third retiring every two years; a house of 
representatives, elected for three years by manhood 
suffrage. Members are paid. 

Hawaii, republic ; population, 90,000 ; area, 6,640 
square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President elected for six years by 
the two houses in united session and aided by a council 
appointed by the president and the houses. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
legislature of two houses ; a seriate of 15 members, 
elected by indirect vote for six years one-third retiring 
every two years. A house of 15 representatives elected 
by indirect vote for two years. Members of both houses 
require a property or income qualification. Legislature 
meets biennially. 



Honduras, republic ; estimated population, 400,- 
00, mostly Indians ; area, 43,00u square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected by universal 
suffrage for four years, and aided by a ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Single 
ongress of 37 deputies, elected for two years by uni 
versal suffrage. 

Italy, constitutional monarchy; population, 31,000,- 
00 ; area, 110,6 23 square miles. Its foreign possessions 
are Eritrei, Massowah, Keren, Asmara and Dahlak Arch 
ipelago, on the Red Sea, in which a civil governor is 
appointed by the king ; Abyssinia and Shoa.Ubbia Habab, 
Bogos. Assab, Aussa, Somali, and Gallaaland in Africa 
are under Italian influence or protectorate. The total 
population of these dependencies is probably over 7,- 
000,000 ; area, 54(5,000 square miles. 

EXBCUTIVR POWER. Hereditary king, aided by a re 
sponsible ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.- -Parlia 
ment of two houses ; a senate of 390 members, com 
posed of princes and life members appointed by the 
king, and conspicuous for their position, scientific, 
literary or other attainments ; a chamber of 50.S 
deputies, elected by a very liberal franchise in which 
educational qualifications have a prominent place. 
Members of the two houses are not paid but they travel 
free. An excellent system of local government is exer 
cised by means of provincial, municipal and communal 
councils. 



Japan, constitutional monarchy ; population, 42,- 
000,000 ; area, 147,760 square miles. 

EXBCL-TIVB POWER. Hereditary Emperor (mikado), 
aided by a resp .nsible ministry and a consultative privy 
council. The mikado has the power of dissolving the 
legislature and of giving sanction to all bills as a branch 
of the legislature. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Impe 
rial parliament or diet of two houses ; a house of 300 
peers composed of princes, hereditary, elected or ap 
pointed nobles, who hold their seats for life or for seven 
years, according as their position is hereditary or elected 
or appointed ; a house of 300 representatives elected on 
a very liberal franchise for four years. Members of 
both houses are paid, excepting hereditary peers ; the 
legislative powers of both houses are equal ; voting is 
by secret ballot. The provinces of the empire are 
governed by governors, appointed by the emperor, and 
by representative assemblies for purposes of local ad 
ministration. 



Liberia, African republic ; population, 1,100,000 ; 
area, 14 360 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for two years 
by universal suffrage, and aided by a ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
legislature of two houses : a senate of eight members 
and house of representatives of 13 members the former 
elected for four and the latter for two years by universal 
suffrage. 

Luxemburg, independent grand duchy ; popula 
tion, 212,000 ; area, 998 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary grand duke. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Cham 
ber of 45 deputies, elected for six years by the cantons 
or townships, one half being renewed every three years, 

Mexico, federal republic; population, 12,300,000; 
area, 767,005 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by electors chosen by universal suffrage, and aided by a 
council. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses : a senate of 56 members, elected by 
universal suffrage, two for each state; a house of 227 re 
presentatives elected for two years by manhood suf 
frage. Members of the two houses are paid. Each of 
the 28 states of the federation has a governor and a 
legislature of two houses elected by the people. 

Monaco, independent principality ; population, 14,- 
000 ; area, eight square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary prince, having exclu 
sive executive and legislative power, aided by a governor- 
general and a council of state. 

Montenegro, independent principality, with a 
measure of constitutional government ; population, 
210,000 ; area, 3,630 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary prince, aided by a 
ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. State 
council of eight members, four appointed by the prince^ 
four elected by the inhabitants who can serve as soldiers. 



Morocco, absolute despotism ; population, 4,500,- 
000 ; area, 220,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Sultan, spiritual as well as ciril 
head of the state, with a consultative ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. All leg 
islative as well as executive power is in the sultan. 

Nepaul, military oligarchy ; population, 2,000,000 ; 
area, 54,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Nominal hereditary sovereign, but 
the chief authority is in the prime minister. 



Netherlands, constitutional monarchy ; popula 
tion, 5,000,000 ; area, 12.648 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary sovereign, at present 
a queen, a minor, for whom a queen regent acts ; a re 
sponsible council of ministers aids the sovereign. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. States- 
general of two houses ; a first chamber of 50 members, 
elected for nine years one-third retiring every three 
years by the provincial states from the highest tax 
payers or important officials ; a second chamber of 100- 
deputies, elected by male tax-payers and lodgers of the 
age of 23, for four years. Members of both houses are 
paid. Ministers can attend the proceedings of both 
chambers, but they have only a deliberative voice except 
when they are members of either. New legislation can 
only be initiated in the second chamber and by the 
government. The upper house can only reject or ap 
prove, but not amend measures. Each province has a 
representative system of only one elected chamber. la 
every commune there is an elected council for local 
affairs. 



Netherlands, Colonies of the, viz. : 
IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES : 

JAVA, MADURA, with the following outposts: Sumatra,- 
Borneo, Riau, Lingga Archipelago, Banca, Billiton, 
Celebes Moluccas Sunda Islands, New Guinea (itt 
part) ; total population, 33,000,000 ; area, 736,400 
square miles. 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



Executive Poive.r. Governor-general, assisted by a 
purely consultative council, administers affairs of Dutch 
India. Java and Madura are governed by a resident 
and assistant residents, and controllers in the provinces. 
The outposts are governed by governors, residents, 
assistant residents, controllers. 

Legislative Poicer and Local Government. Legisla 
tive power is in the council and governor. All power 
vested as opposite and in the supreme government. 



IN THE DUTCH WKST INDIES : 

SURINAM or DUTCH GUIANA ; population, 62,000 ; area, 
46,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor, aided by a council, all 
appointed by the king. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Colonial 
states, whose members are partly appointed by the gov 
ernor and partly elected. 

CURACAO and its dependent islands ; population, 47,- 
000 ; area. 403 square miles. 

Executive Power. Governor, aided by a council, all 
appointed by the king. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Colonial 
council, composed of the four members of the council 
and eight members appointed by the king. The inter 
nal affairs of the several islands are administered by 
chiefs appointed by the king. 

Nicaragua, republic ; population, 283,000 ; area, 
49,500 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage and aided by a responsible -min 
istry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses ; a senate of 18 members, and a 
house of representatives of 21 members, the former 
elected for six, and the latter for four years by universal 
suffrage. 

Oman, independent state in Arabia ; population, 
1,550,000 ; area, 82,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary sultan, with absolute 
power, as in all similar states of the east. 

Orange Free State, with representative govern 
ment ; estimated population, 210,000, of whom 80,000 
are white ; area, 48,326 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President elected for five years by 
universal suffrage, and aided by an executive council, 
several of whom are elected by the popular assembly. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Assem 
bly (volksraad) of 58 members, elected for four years, 
one half retiring every two years by universal suffrage. 
Members are paid. 

Paraguay, republic ; estimated population, 330,- 
Oi li ) ; area, 98,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage, and aided by a council of respon 
sible ministers. A vice-president is also elected. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses, a senate and house of representa 
tives elected by universal suffrage. The members are 
paid. 

Persia, absolute monarchy ; population, 8,000,000 ; 
area, 628,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary shah (shahenshah), 
aided by a consultative council of ministers. The 
country is divided into provinces, each governed by a 
governor-general and lieutenant-governor, all acting 
under the instructions of the central government. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVKRNMI:NT. In the 
shah, whose powers are only limited by the principles of 
the Koran and of the Mohammedan tenets. 

Peru, republic ; population, 2,700,000 ; area, 463,750 
.square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage, and aided by an executive coun 
cil. Two vice-presidents are also elected to act in case 
of death or incapacity of the president . 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.- Con- 
- of two houses ; a senate of 40 members, chosen by 



the provinces or departments, and a house of 110 repre 
sentatives, elected by an indirect vote of electors. There 
are municipal councils for local purposes. 

Portugal, constitutional monarchy ; population, 
4,800,000 ; area. 34,038 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, aided by a re 
sponsible cabinet and a consultative privy council. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Cortes 
geraes or parliament of two houses ; a house of peers, 
(camara dos pares) hereditary peers elected or appointed 
for life, peers, universities, and literary and scientific 
bodies having representatives ; a house of 149 deputies 
(camara dos deputados), elected for four years by a very 
liberal franchise, regard being had to educational quali 
fications. Colonial members are paid, other deputies 
travel free by state railways. The sovereign cannot veto 
a law passed twice by the cortes. Madeira and the 
Azores form an integral part of the kingdom for legisla 
tive and administrative purposes. Portugal has a muni 
cipal system. 



Portuguese Colonies and Dependencies. 

IN AFRICA : 

CAPK, VKRDE ISLANDS, Guinea, Prince s and St. Thomas 
Islands, Angola, Ambriz, Benguela and Massavnedes 
and Congo, East Africa, .Mozambique, and Lowrengo 
Marques. Total population, 5,400,000; area, 735,300 
square miles. 
IN ASIA: 
GOA, Damao, Diu, Timor, etc., Macao, etc. Total 

population, 5,400,000 ; area, 743,204 square miles. 
Executive Power. Portuguese colonies have no legis 
latures or representation in the national cortes, like 
Spanish or French colonies, but their affairs are ad 
ministered by governors, judges, and other function 
aries appointed by the king, and all laws are initiated 
and promulgated by the same authority. 

Roumania (Wallachia and Moldavia), constitutional 
monarchy; estimated population, 6,000,000; area, 48,- 
310 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. King, aided by an executive 
council. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMKNT. Parlia 
ment of two houses ; a senate of 120 members, elected 
for eight years, by electoral colleges, universities being 
represented ; a chamber of 183 deputies elected by 
electoral colleges for four years. The franchise is very- 
liberal and encourages educational qualifications. Mem 
bers are paid. Senators must be 40 years of age ; depu 
ties, 25. The districts or provinces have a system of 
local government fairly liberal. 

Russia, the empire of, absolute monarchy ; popula- 
tion 119,000,000; area, 8,044,100 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWKR. Hereditary emperor (or czar of 
all the Puissias), aided by a council of state, a 
ruling senate, a holy synod and a committee of min 
isters, in whose hands are entrusted the super 
vision of all the secular and religious affairs of the 
empire. All the work of government is in the hands 
of committees, cabinets or departments, bureaucracy 
is the essence of government in the Russias. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER. AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. All 
legislative and administrative power is in the emperor 
and his councils. The empire is divided into vice- 
royalties, governments and districts, governed by gov 
ernors-general, appointed and controlled directly by the 
emperor. Military governors are established in some 
provinces. Centralized government rules in Russia. 
The only shadow of local self-government is to be seen 
in the inirs or assemblies of the communes or parishes 
of European Russia. These " mirs " elect certain 
officers for taxation and purely loc-al purposes, and are 
relics of old Aryan institutions which survived in the 
village assemblies of India and Germany, and originated 
the township government of Kngland and New England 
In the provinces, towns and cities there are municipal 
institutions, but almost exclusively controlled by the 
large powers of the imperial authorities. 

Russian Dependencies, viz. : 

FINLAND, gram) duchy ; population, 2,500,000 ; area, 
144,2 r &gt;f&gt; square miles. 

K.ri 1-nHrr Power. Governor-general, appointed by 
and instructed by the secretary of state and four mem- 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



91 



bers of a council for the affairs of Finland ; a senate aids 
the government in administrative affairs. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. A nation 
al parliament composed of four members, representing 
the nobles, clergy, burghers and peasants, severally 
called together by the emperor every four or five years. 
Laws are prepared by the council at St. Petersburg, and 
discussed by the parliament. The emperor has a veto. 

BOKHARA, under control of Russia ; population, 2,600,- 
000 ; area. 92,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. Ameer, ruling by hereditary right. 
A Russian resident watches over Russian interests. 



KHIVA, under control of Russia; population, 750,- 
000 ; area. 22,340 square miles. 

Executive Poiver. Khan, ruling by hereditary right. 

Salvador, republic ; estimated population, 660,000 ; 
area, 7,225 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage and aided by a ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Single 
chamber, or national congress of 70 deputies, elected for 
one year by universal suffrage. 

Samoa Islands, independent ; population, 35,000 ; 
area, 11,701 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Chief, elected by the natives. 
Germany, Great Britain and the United States have 
guaranteed the independence of the islands. Justice is 
administered in the interests of Europeans by a supreme 
court. Apia has a form of local government and is the 
capital. 



Santo Domingo (part of Hayti), republic ; popula 
tion, 615,000 ; area, 18,045 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
by universal suffrage and aided by a ministry. The 
provinces and districts are administered by governors 
appointed bv the president. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AXD LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
congress of 22 members, elected for two years on a 
limited franchise. In the communes there are councils 
elected by the ratepayers, for municipal purposes. 

Servia. constitutional monarchy; population, 2,600,- 
000 ; area, 19,100 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary prince, now a king, 
aided by a responsible ministry. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. National 
assembly (narodna skupshtina) of two houses ; a senate 
of eight members, four appointed by the king, and four 
elected by the assembly, which is composed of deputies 
elected for three years indirectly by the taxpayers. A 
certain number of deputies must be university men. 
Deputies are paid. The constitution is in process of 
radical changes. The kingdom is divided into counties, 
districts and municipalities, which have representative 
assemblies for administrative purposes. 

Siam (Thai) and dependencies of Kedah, Patani, 
Kelantan, etc.; absolute monarchy; estimated popula 
tion. 5,&lt;. tx i.i I ; area, 300,000 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, aided by a coun 
cil (senabodi) from wnich the king has formed a cabinet. 

LEGISLATIVE PMWBR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. All 
legislative pmver is in king and council. The kingdom 
is divided into provinces or districts administered by 
governors appointed by the king. 

Soudan (Egyptian), or Darfur, Kordofun, Nubia 
(upper and lower), Tenba, and region about Strait of 
Bab el-Mandeb ; population about I2,ooo,000; area, 
l,OOn,iKKP square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. These countries are now in a 
transition stage, and under the influence of the English 
or Italians, or included within Egypt. It is impossible 
to give here an exact account of its government. 

Spain, const itntional kingdom; population in 1887, 
17,663,632 ; area. 197,670 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary king, with powers 
limited by the constitution of 1876, aided by responsible 
ministers, nine in number. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Parlia 
ment (cortes) of two houses ; a senate composed of 



three classes (1) 80 senators by their own right princes 
grandees, captains-general, archbishops, admirals 
judges of the courts, patriarchs of the Indies, presidents 
of the council of state ; (2) 100 life senators appointed 
by the crown ; (3) 180 elected for five years by the com 
munal and provincial states, clergy, universities aca 
demies and largest taxpayers, one-half of the number 
being renewed every five years ; a congress of 431 mem 
bers elected on a very liberal franchise based on land 
income, educational, professional and public services 
The principle of the representation of minorities is ob 
served in large constituencies. The cortes meet annually 
and the congress is elected for five years. The kin"- has 
the power of summoning or dissolving the congress and 
the elected part of the senate. The senate is a court of 
impeachment when charges are laid against ministers 
by the congress. Cuba and Canary Islands are repre 
sented in the cortes, but imperial misgovernment has 
periodically caused revolution in Cuba, as at present 
Although Spam has sent between 120,000 and 150 000 
regular forces a remarkable number to quell the rebel 
lion, it is still dominant in a large section of the un 
happy island. In the provinces and communes of Spain 
there is a representative system of local government. 

Spanish Colonies and Dependencies 
IN AMERICA: 

CUBA; population, 1,631,687; area, 41,655 sq miles 

PORTO Rico ; population, 806,708 ; area, 3,550 square 
miles. 

Executive Poieer. Governor-general, aided by a 
council, appointed by the king 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Spanish 
cortes, 16 senators and 30 deputies. 



IN ASIA : 

PHILIPPINE ISLAND ; population, 7,000,000; area, 114 - 
326 square miles. Sum Island; population, 76,000; 
Caroline Island and Palaos ; population, 36,000 
Marianne Island ; population, 10,172 ; total area, 
116,256 square miles. 

Executive Poiver. Governor-general and a captain- 
general. The provinces are under lieutenant-governor, 
Alcaldes or commandants. 



IN AFRICA : 

ADRAR AND Rio DE ORO ; population, 100,000. Ifni 
population, 6,000. Fernudo Po, etc., Annabon, 
Consco, Elobey, San .iuan ; population, 32 (mo- 
total area in Africa, 243,880 square miles. 
Executive Power. Subordinate to the government of 
the Canary Islands. 



Sweden and Norway ; federal or constitutional 
monarchical government. Sweden; population, 4, 
150; area, 172.S70 square miles. Norway; population 
2,100,000; area, 1 24,44 r, square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. The united kingdoms are under 
the king of Sweden, now a hereditary sovereign, thougii 
each kingdom maintains its separate government and 
laws. The diets of the two countries are to choose a 
successor to the throne in case of a failure of regular 
succession; and should they not agree on a suitable 
person, the choice is made by Swedish and Norwegian 
deputies. The common affairs of the united kingdoms 
are considered by the king, with the assistance of a 
council of state, composed of Swedish and Norwegian 
ministers 

LKGIS.LATIVK POWER AXD LOCAL GOVERNMENT.!. In 
Sweden there is a council of state of lomembers ; a diet 
or parliament of two houses ; an upper or first house of 
150 members elected by provinces and town corpora 
tions for nine years ; a lower or second chamber of 230 
members, elected by residents of rural districts and 
towns for three years on a franchise based on property 
and income. Members of the second chamber are alone 
paid. The ballot is in use. 

2. In Norway there is a council of state to advise the 
king, and a storthing, or great court, of 118 members 
elected for three years on a franchise based on property 
and income, or public service. The system of eU-ctioh 
is indirect. The people elect certain deputies every 
three years, these latter assemble and choose the re 
presentatives to the storthing. The storthing, when 
elected and assembled for business, is divided into two 
houses, the "lagthing," or one-fourth of the storthing, 



92 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



[1897 



and the "odelsthing" or remaining members of the 
storthing. The odelsthing has the whole right to in 
spect and consider public accounts. All new laws are 
initiated in the lower house, and are accepted or re 
jected by the lagthing. If the two houses do not agree, 
they assemble in joint session, and a majority of two- 
thirds decide. Members are paid. 

3. A system of local government exists in both Nor 
way and Sweden, and the representative principle 
prevails to a modified extent. 



Turkey, absolute monarchy ; population, about 
40,000,000 ; area, 461,662 square miles (including Samos. 
Egypt and other dependencies). Turkey in Europe has 
a population of 4,780,000, and an area of 61,200 square 
miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. Hereditary sultan, whose execu 
tive and legislative authority is only limited by the 
precepts of Mahomet. The sultan is aided by a sadr- 
azam (grand-vizier), and a sheik-ul-islam, who are 
respectively at the head of temporal and spiritual 
affairs under the direction of the sultan. 

LBGIISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The 
people have no legislative or popular assemblies or 
councils. The whole country is divided into govern 
ments, appointed by and subject to the decrees of the 
sultan. 



Switzerland, federal republic ; population, 300,- 
000; area, 15,976 square miles. 

EXHCUTIVB POWER. The supreme executive and legis 
lative power is in a parliament called, when united in 
joint session, the bundes-versammlungor federal assem 
bly, composed of two houses, a standerath or state 
council of 44 members, or two chosen by each canton ; 
a nationalriith or national council of 147 representa 
tives elected by direct vote every three ypars. The 
federal assembly elects president and vice-president one 
year and a bundesrath or federal council for three 
years. Members of the council can sit and debate but 
not vote in the two chambers. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The 
principles of initiating measures by popular vote (the 
initiative), and of submitting acts to direct vote (the 
" referendum") are in force in this republic The legis 
lative powers of the nation are set forth in the consti 
tution. Each of the cantons has a system of local 
government based on the fullest possible expression of 
the popular will. Legislative assemblies and executive 
councils exist, and in a few cantons there are lands- 
gemeinden or assemblies of the male citizens for the 
purpose of making laws and appointing- their adminis 
trators. The "initiative" and "referendum" also 
exist to a considerable extent. The cantons or states 
are sovereign and only limited by the constitution. 

Transvaal, or South African republic ; population, 
120,000 ; area, 119,139 square miles. Swaziland ; popu 
lation, 62,OuO; area, 16,150 square miles. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for five years 
by "first-class burghers" or residents before May 29, 
1876, aided by a council, appointed and elected. Eng 
land has a restricted suzerainty over this republic, and 
is represented by a diplomatic agent. The king of 
Swaziland is now subject to Transvaal rule. 

LEGISLATIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Parlia 
ment of two houses of 24 members each, chosen for four 
years by classes of burghers. Bills must be passed by 
both chambers. 



BULGARIA, principality, under the suzerainty of 
Turkey; population, 3J309.816 ; area, 37,860 square 
miles. This state includes eastern Rpumelia. 

Executive Power. The present prince was elected in 
1887 by the national assembly, but the title is heredi 
tary. The prince is aided by a council of eight ministers. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. Single 
house, called the national assembly, elected by manhood 
suffrage for five years. Members are paid. 

SAMOS, ISLAND OP, principality and dependency of 
Turkey ; population, about 50,000 ; area, 232 square 
miles. 

Executive Power. Vizier or mushir of Turkey, ap 
pointed by the sultan, and aided by a council of four 
Greeks. 



EGYPT, under the nominal stizerainty of the sultan : 
population, 6,817,265 ; area, 400,000 square miles. 

Executive Power. A hereditary khedive, aided by a 
council of six ministers. He has also the benefit of the 
advice of an English financial adviser appointed by him 
self, and whose consent is necessary to every decision 
on financial matters. He can sit on the council though 
not a member of the executive. English influence pre 
vails in administration. 

Legislative Power and Local Government. The khe 
dive has promulgated a constitution intended to give 
the people a share in legislation, but so far it is practi 
cally nugatory. Egypt is divided into governorships of 
towns and provinces with extensive powers, but all 
under the control of the khedive and executive. 



United States of America, federal republic ; 
population in 1890, 62,830,621, including Alaska ; area, 
3,501,000. 

EXECUTIVE POWER. President, elected for four years 
under th^ constitution by electoral colleges in each state 
equal to the whole number of its senators and represen 
tatives in congress ; but practically the election is by the 
direct vote of the people. Each political party nomi 
nates a set of electors on a presidental ticket and the 
people vote directly for them. Under the constitution 
the electors meet in each state on a particular day and 
invariably cast their votes in accordance with the result 
of the election. There is also a vice-president elected 
by the same political method. The president is head of 
the executive, and has a veto over the legislation of con 
gress, but it can be over-ridden by a two-thirds majority 
in each house. He is aided by a cabinet of eight secre 
taries of state and heads of departments, appointed by 
himself with the approval of the senate, but having no 
seats in or responsibility to congress. In case of death, 
resignation or disability of the president, the vice-presi 
dent succeeds, and after the latter, the secretary of state 
or other members of cabinet in order of seniority until a 
new president is appointed or the disability is removed. 
Elections for president and vice-president take place 
on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November 
every leap year, and they take office on the 4th March 
following. 

LEOISALTIVE POWER AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Con 
gress of two houses ; a senate of 90 members, or two 
from each state, chosen by the legislatures for six years; 
a house of 357 representatives elected every second year 
by the electors of the states in accordance with their re 
spective election laws; universal suffrage limited in a 
few cases by residence, registration and payment of 
taxes. Senators must be 30 years of age, citizens for 
nine years, and residents of the states which elect them. 
Representatives must be about 25 years of age, citizens 
for seven years, and residents of the states in which 
they are elected. The senate has the power of approv 
ing or rejecting the higher appointments and treaties 
made by the president, and of acting as a court of im 
peachment for the president, judges of the supreme 
court, and other high functionaries. It can also amend 
bills for raising revenue, which alone can originate in 
the house of representatives. The vice-president is ex 
offlcio president of the senate, which may also appoint a 
temporary president. The speaker of the house is 
elected by its members. Members of both houses re 
ceive $5,000 and travelling expenses every year. The 
territories are represented by one elected delegate 
in each case, who cannot vote in the house. The legis 
lative powers of the congress are enumerated in the con 
stitution. The supreme court of the United States can 
hear and determine issues of laws as to the interpretation 
of the constitution and may declare the acts of congress 
unconstitutional or intra vires, as the case may be. The 
federal judges are appointed by the president with the 
approval of the senate. A permanent civil service is 
being gradually built up, and removals from office in 
the case of officials, not political in their nature, are very 
much less frequent of late years with the institution of 
civil service rules. 



United States, federation of the : 
ALABAMA ; pop. in 1890, 1,513,017 ; area, 51,549 sq. m. 
ARKANSAS ; pop., 1,128,179; area, 53,045 sq. m. 
CALIFORNIA ; pop., 1,208,130; area, 155,980 sq. m. 



1897] 



FORMS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



93 



COLORADO; pop., 412,198; area, 103,645 sq. m. 
CONNECTICUT ; pop., 746,258 ; area, 4,845 sq. m. 
DELAWARE ; pop., 16S,493 ; area, 1,900 sq. m. 
FLORIDA ; pop., 391,422 ; area, 54,140 sq. in. 
GKORGIA ; pop., 1,837,353 ; area, 58,980 sq. m. 
IDAHO ; pop., 84,385 ; area, 84,290 sq. m. 
ILLINOIS ; pop., 3,826,357 ; area, 5(5,000 sq. m. 
INDIANA ; pop., 2,192,404 ; area, 35,910 sq. m. 
IOWA ; pop., 1,911,896 ; area, 55,475 sq. in. 
KANSAS ; pop., 1,427,096 ; area, 81,700 sq. m. 
KENTUCKY ; pop., 1,858,635 ; area, 40,000 sq. in. 
LOUISIANA; pop., 1,