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THE
CANADA
YEAR BOOK 1914
Published by Authority of the Hon. Sir George E. Foster,
K.C.M.G., M.P., Minister of Trade and Commerce.
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CONTENTS.
List of Articles and Tables in the Canada Year Book of 1913 which are not repeated in the
present issue...........................................................................
The Canada Year Book, 1914........ . .. .. .... .. .... " " .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. ........ .. ...... .. .
Statistical Summary of the Progress of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA.
PAGE.
xii
xiii
xiv-xvi
Constitution and Government of Canada. By THOMAS BARNARD FLINT, :M.A.. LL.B., D.C.L.,
Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, Otta.wa. With 8 illustrations. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Chronology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-22
Maps illustrating the Political Development of Canada from 1763 to 1915...... '" .... " .. ..... 23-26
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
Geographical Features..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Drainage Basins of Canada...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Lengths of Principal Rivers and Tributaries in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Area and Elevation of the Great Lakes...... . " .. . . .. ........ .. .. ... . .. .... .... .. .
4. Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geology in Relation to Agriculture in Canada. By WYATT MALCOLM, Department of Mines,
Ottawa. With 4 illustrations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flora and Fauna. By JAMES MACOUN, C.M.G., F.L.S., Assistant Botanist and Naturalist,
Department of Mines, Ottawa. With 3 illustrations. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. AREA AND POPULATION.
Area.
1. Land and Water Area of Canada by Provinces and Territories. ....................
Population.
2. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in the years 1871-81-91-1901-11
3.. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in 1871 and 1911 and increase
in each decade from 1871 to 1911.. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..
4. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories, 1901 and 1911.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and Population
in 1901........................................................................
6. Population of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911, compared
with 1871-81-91-1901....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants in
1911 and corresponding figures for 1901. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .............. .. ...... .. .
8. Urban Population of Canada by Size Groups, 1901 and 1911........................
9. Rural and Urban Population of Canada in 1901 and 1911 by Provinces, and increase
or decrease in the decade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Rural and Urban Population of Canada by Provinces and Sexes, 1911..............
11. Population of Canada by Sexes, 1901 and 1911...... ................................
12. Ratio of Females to :Males in Rural and Urban Divisions, 1911.....................
13. Conjugal Condition of the people of Canada, classified as single, married, widowed,
divorced, legally separated and not given, by Provinces, Census of 1911... ......
14. Number of Dwellings and Families in Canada by Provinces, as shown by the Census
in 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15. Origins of the people in 1901 and 1911 with increase in the ten years and ratios per
cent. of population... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .
16. Religions of the people, 1881,1891, 1901 and 1911.... .. . . . . . .. .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . .. ... . .
17. Religions numbering 5.000 adherents and over, 1901 and 1911, with absolute and
relative increase or decrease for the decade..... . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ........ .... .....
18. Birthplace of the Population, 1901 and 1911.. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. " .... .. .. ...........
19. British-born and Foreign-born by Population of Provinces, 1901 and 1911...........
20. Male and Female Population in Canada in Age-Periods, 1911.............. . . . . .. . . .
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by Prov-
inces, 1911..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population in Age-Periods, by Provinces, 1911, with
Totals 1 \1:)1 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population by Age-Periods, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911
24. Conjugal Condition of the Population, 15 Years of Age and Over, 1911..............
25. Numbers of the Infirm by Conjugal Condition, Age, Origin, Birthplace and Occu-
pation, 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .
26.
umbers of the Infirm by Province8. 1911, with totals for 1881, 1891 and 1901. .....
27. Area and Population in the United Kingdom and British Possessions, 1911.........
28. Area and Population of the Principal Foreign Countries of the World. . . . . . . . . . . ....
Vital Statistics.
29. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Provinces, 1911. 1912 and 1913.......
30. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1912................
27-34
28
29-30
30
31-33
34-38
38-41
41
42
43
43
43-48
.9-51
51-54
55
55
56
57
58
58
59
60
61
62
63-64
64-65
67
67-70
70
71
71-72
72-73
74
75-77
78-80
82
82-83 ,
iv
Immigration.
31. Number of Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1897-1915.. . " .. . . . . . . " .. . . .. . . " . . ".
32. Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in fiscal years 1909-1915.............
33. Rejection of Immigrants upon arrival at Ocean Ports and Deportations after admis-
sion, by principal causes, for the fiscal years 1903-1914.. . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . .
34. Number by Nationalities of Deportations after Admission 1903-1914...............
35. Juvenile Immigrants and Applications for their Services, 1901-1915.................
36. Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrants for the fiscal year ended March 31.
1914. . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37. Destination of Immigrants into Canada by Provinces, 1901-1915...................
38. Record of Chinese Immigration, 1886-1914. .., ....................................
39. Number of Chinese in Canada by Provinces, according to the Censuses of 1901 and
1911. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40. Record of Oriental Immigration, 1901-1915....... .. ..... .................. '" .....
41. Expenditure on Immigration in the fiscal years 1868-1914. ................. ....... .
IV. EDUCATION.
Census Statistics of Illiteracy and School Attendance, 92; Education in Canada, 94; Prince
Edward Island, 94; Nova Scotia 95; New Brunswick 98; Quebec 101; Ontario 105; Manitoba
107; Saskatchewan 111; Alberta 113; British Columbia 114; Yukon Territory 116; Education
Statistics of Canada 116.
1. Numbers attending School by Sex and Age-Periods, 1910....:.....................
2. Percentage attending School by Sex and Age-Periods, 1910... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914...... . .
4. Normal and Model Schools in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick. Quebec, Ontario and
11anitoba. 1901-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Model Schools, Academies and Roman Catholic
Classical Colleges in Quebec, 1901-1913.. . . . . . . . . .' .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Collegiate Institutes and High Schools in Ontario,
1901-1914........................... ...........................................
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914... . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
General Survey of the Climate of Canada. By R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., Director of the
Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Stations.......................
2. Weather of the year 1914 at representative Stations. compared with normal annual
averages for the period 1888 to 1907...........................................
VI. PRODUCTION.
Agriculture.
1. Area, Yield and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada. 1910--1914... ............
2. Areas and Yields of Wheat. Oats and Barley in the Northwest Provinces. 1910--11-
12-13-14.............................. .........................................
3. Total Areas and Values of Field Crops in Canada, 1910--14..........................
4. Numbers of Farm Liye Stock by Provinces, 1910-1914.............................
5. Average Values of Farm Animals and of Wool, as estimated from reports of corres-
pondents in 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
6. Numbers in June and Values in December of Farm Live Stock in Canada. as estimated
by correspondents, 1914..... . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . " .
7. Distribution of Land by Provinces, 1901 and 1911.... . .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . .
8. Areas of Occupied Farm Lands. Total Value and Value per Acre, as compiled from
the Census Returns of 1901 and 1911..... . . .. . . " .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . . '. . . .. . . . . . . .
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911...... . .. '. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870--1910. .............
11. Numbers of Pure-bred Live Stock in Canada, 1911................................
12. Cheese and Butter Production in Canada, 1900, 1907 and 1910............. .........
13. Production of Home-made Butter and Cheßse in Canada, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900
and 1910. ......................... ............. .. .............. ..... ..........
14. Quantities of Animal Products of the Farm, 1900 and 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
15. Quantity and Value of Condensed Milk Products by Provinces, 1910...............
16. Areas under Orchards and Gardens in Canada, 1891, 1901, and 1911..... . . . . . . . . . . . .
17. Bearing and Non-bearing Fruit Trees in Canada, 1901 and 1911.... . . . . . . . . . . - . . '" .
18. Orchard Tre.es in 1901 and 1911. and Production of Fruit in 1900 and 1910. . . . . . . . . . .
19. Value of Fruits and Vegetables, in Canada, 1900 and 1910..........................
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915. . .. . . .' . . " .. .. .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .
21. Area and Yield of Tobacco in Canada, 1913 and 1914...............................
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat. Oats. Barley, Flax
and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces. 1913......................
23. Average total cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking in Canada and the Provinces for 1913, compared with
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24. Average Wages of Farm Help in Canada, as compiled from the returns of COlTespon-
dents, 1909, 1910 and 1914... .., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25. Stocks of Wheat in Canada on February 8, 1915. ..................................
26. Estimated quantity of Wheat in Farmers' Hands on February 8, 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . .
2:1. Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15.................................
28. Â.ggregate Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15..... . " . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .
PAGE.
85
86
87
88
88
89
90
90
91
91
91
92-93
93
117-120
121-123
123-124
124
124-127
128-139
135-137
138-139
143-163
164
165
166-167
168
169
170--171
171
172-176
177-183
184
185-186
186-187
187-188
188
189
189
190-191
191
192-197
197
198-201
201-202
203
204
204
206-207
201
v
Agriculture-con.
29. Areas occupied and Areas possible of Occupation as Farm Land in Canada, 1914...
30. Allocation of Payments to Provincial Governments under the Agriculture Aid and
Agricultural Instruction Acts, 1912-13-1915-16. . ...................... .... .....
31. Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations, 1914. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
32. Weekly Range of Prices of Wheat at Winnipeg and Fort William, 1914.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
33. Weekly Range of Prices of Barley, Oats and Flax at Winnipeg and Fort William, 1914
34. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Wheat. Wheat Flour and Oats, 1914.........
35. Prices in British Markets of Canadian BReon and Hams, 1914... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Cheese, 1914................ ....... .... ... . .
37. The World's Cereal Production, 1913-14 and 1914-15...............................
Forestry.
38. Estimated Values of Forest Products, 1911-1914. ..................................
39. Quantities and Values of the cut of Lumber, Shingles and Lath by Provinoes, 1912
and 1913....... .... '" .... .... ....... ..... ............ ..... . .. ..................
40. Quantities and Values of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp, 1912, 1913 and 1914
41. Kinds of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp by quantities and values, 1912, 1913
and 1914. . ... ..... .. .......... .................. .. ...... .... '" ....... .........
42. Quantities of Wood used and of Pulp manufactured, 1913 and 1914. . ................
43. Quantities and Values of Cross-ties and Poles purchased by Railway and Electric
Companies, 1913 and 1914... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44. Number and Value of the Skins and Furs of Wild Animals, killed in Canada in 1910,
according to the Census of 1911. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .
45. Values of Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed, by Provinces, 1900 and 1910. _ .. .
Fisheries.
46. N um ber and Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, etc., used in the Sea and
Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1913-14.. . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . _ .,. _ _ _ _ . _ . _ .
47. Government Bounties to Fishermen in the fiscal years 1910--1913. ....... .. .,. .....
48. Quantities and Values of all Fish marketed in Canada in 1912-13 and 1913-14. .... __
49. Quantitie'3 and Values of the catch of the Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1912-13 and
1913-14.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . .
50. Total Value of Fisheries by Provinces in the fi
al years 1910-1914...... _.. _. ....
51. Total Value of the Fisheries of Canada in the fiscal years 1870-1914.......
Minerals.
52. Quantities and Values of Minerals produced in Canada, 1913 and 1914.... ...........
53. Mineral Production of Canada in the Calendar Years 1913 and 1914.... . . . . . . . . . . . ..
54. Value of Mineral Production in Canada, 1886-1914.. .. ........ _ '" ..... _.........
55. Value of Minerals produced in Canada by Provinces in the Calendar Years 1913 and
1914..... ....... _ _. _.................. _ _... _....... _..... .. . . _ _.... _........ _ .
56. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years
1862-1914.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57. Value of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Ye:trs 1862-1914
58. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada during the Calendar Years 1887-
1914....... _., _ _., _.............. .................... _. . _ _" _ _. _. ..... ....
59. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1887-1914. . .... ........ .... .... .......... .. . .. ... ..... . " . . . . .. ........ .
60. Quantity and Value of Copper produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1886-1914...............................................................
61. Quantity and Value of Nickel produced in Canada during the Calendar Years 1889-
1914......................................................................... ..
62. Production of principal Minerals in Canada for the Calendar Years 1908-1914.......
63. Production of Cement in Canada for the Calendar Years 1901-1914.................
64. Character and Quantities of Ores treated in Canadian Smelters 1909-1914. . . . ......
65. Quantities of Refined Products and Metals contained in Refined Smelter Products
Exported, 1909-1914. . ..... ........ .... .. .. .. .. . . . '" .. .. .. .. .. .. '" .... . ......
66. Quantity and Value of Mineral Products in British Columbia for the Calendar Years
1912-1914......... ....... .... ... .... ...... . .. .. ....... .... ....... ..,
Iron Blast Furnaces in Canada in 1914..................... ,..... .
l\ianufactures.
PAGE.
208
209
210
211-212
213-214
214-215
216-217
218
219-221
224
224-225
225
227
227
228
229
229
232
233
234-235
235
236
236
238
239-240
240
240
241-242
242-243
243
244
244-245
245
245-246
246
247
248
250
248-249
67. Statistics of
lanufactures of Canada, 1900 and 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
68. Statistics of Manufactures by Provinces, 1900, 1905 and 1910. ... . 252
VII. TRADE AND COMMERCE.
Exports and Imports.
1. Aggregate External Trade of Canada, fiscnl year'3 1868-1915. . . ... .................
2. Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to Other Countries of
Merchandise the produce of Canaela, 18IiS-1915. . . .. .... . . .... .. .... .... ........
3. Imports from the United IÜngdom, from the United States and from Other Coun-
tries of Merchandise entered for Home Consumption, 1868-1915, excluding Coin
and Bullion. . . . . . ...... .... .. ...... . .. ..... . ..... ...... ... ...........
4. Aggregate trade of Canada by Countries during the fiscal year ended )larch 31,
1914, including Coin and Bullion. . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . . . .. .. '" ....................
254-255
255-256
257
258
.
\
vi
Exports and Imports-con.
5. Exports from Canada of Home and Foreign Produce, by values, 1868-1915, with
Duties collected on Exports, 1868-1892. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. ..
6. Imports into Canada entered for consumption by values with Duties on Imports,
1868-1915.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. ............
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries by classes of Merchandise the produce of Canada in five-year
averages, and for the fiscal years 1911-15. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. ..............
8. Values of Domestic and Foreign Exports from Canada to All Countries by classes of
lerchandise, 1905-1915.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... .........
9. Values of Exports from Canada of Home Produce to the British Empire and to
Foreign Countries in the fiscal years 1910-1914..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............
10. Values of Imports into Canada of Merchandise entered for consumption from the
British Empire and from Foreign Countries in the five fiscal years 1910-1914;
also of Coin and Bullion. . . ..... _.......... ...... ........ .... ...... ..... .......
11. Value of Merchandise imported into and exported from Canada through the United
States during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1913-1914................ .. ......
11a. Values of total Exports and Imports entered for Home Consumption (including Coin
and Bullion) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1915...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914. . . . . " .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914...... .... ...... .. .. ............ .. . . ...
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. ..............
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16. Imports of Canada from the United States in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.......... _....... .....
17. Imports of Canada from All Countries in quantities and values by classes entered
for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914...............................
18. Values of Exports which may be classed as
Ianufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914........... ............ ............... ....................... ........
19. Summary of Values of Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries of Home Produce which may be classed as Manufactures in
the five fiscal years 1910-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. ........
20. Values of Imports which may be classed as Manufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914...... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . .. ........
21. Summary of Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from
Other Countries which may be classed as Manufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914.... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .. ............
22. Quantity and Value of Wood, Blocks and Other, for Pulp Exported to the United
States, 1904-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . . . . . . . ..
23. Value of Exports of Wood, Blocks and Other, for Pulp, the produce of Canada, 1890-
1903.......... _......................................................... .......
24. Value of Exports of Wood Pulp, the produce of Canada, 1890-1907 ... ... ............
25. Exports from Canada of Wood Pulp, by Countries, in the fiscal years 1909-1914.....
26. Values of Exports and Imports of Fish, 1901-1914......... _.. _.....................
27. Exports of Fish, the produce of Canada, by principal countries, in the fiscal years
1913-1914..... . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . '" . . .
28. Exports of Coal the produce of Canada, 1901-1914.............................. . . ..
29. Quantities and Values of Exports from Canada to the British and Foreign West
Indies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1914............. ... .............
30. Quantities and Values of Imports from the British and Foreign West Indies during
the fiscal year 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
31. Values of Exports (domestic and foreign) to the British and Foreign West Indies
by Countries during the fiscal years 1912-1914.. .. . .... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .
32. Values of Total Imports (dutiable and free) from the British and Foreign West
Indies by Countries during the fiscal years 1912-1914. ..... .. .. .. .. . .. . " .. .. .. .
33. Value of Imports and Exports from and to British and Foreign West Indies,1901-1914
34. Imports into Canada of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal for home consumption,
during the fiscal years 1901-1914..............................................
35. Imports into Canada of Portland Cement, 1898-1914. " .. . .... . ..................
36. Percentage Proportions of Imports from United l{ingdom and United States,
respectively, to totals of dutiable and free in the 47 fiscal years 1868-1914. . . ...
37. Average ad valorem Rates of Duty collected on Imports from United Kingdom,
United States and all Countries in the 47 fiscal years 18ð8-1914. . ......... .. .. ..
38. Value of Imports entered for consumption at certain Ports during the fiscal year
ended
Iarch 31, 1914.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ......
39. Value of Exports of Canadian produce by principal ports during the fiscal year ended
l\larch 31, 1914....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40. Value of total Exports and Imports, Imports entered for consumption and amount
of duty collected, by Provinces, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1914.....
41. Imports of certain Articles of Raw Material for home consumption, 1901-1914.... . .,
42. Imports of Canada by values entered for consumption from British Empire and
Foreign Countries under the General, Preferential and Treaty Rate Tariffs in the
four fiscal years 1911-1914. . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . . . . . . . .,
43. Quantities and Values of Principal Agricultural and Animal Products imported into
the united Kingdom during the calendar years 1913 and 1914................ ...
44. Quantities and Values of selected Animal and Agricultural Food Products imported
into the Cnited Kingdom, by Countries whence imported, during the five calendar
years 1910-1914... . " . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . ..
PAGE.
259
260
261-263
263-264
265-266
266-267
268
269
270-285
286-305
304-325
324-357
358-391
391-423
424
425
426
427
428
428
428
429
430
430
430
431--433
433--435
436
436
437
437
438
438-439
439-440
441
441
441
442-443
442-443
444-445
446--453
vii
Grain Statistics.
45. Number and Storage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years 1901-
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46. Quantities of Grain inspected during the fiscal years 1912-1914. . . ..............::::
47. Quantities of Grain inspected during the fiscal years ended :March 31, 1913 and 1914
48. Shipments of Grain by vessels from Fort William and Port Arthur for the navigation
seasons 1913 and 1914..........................................................
49. Shipments of Grain by vessels and all rail route from Fort William and Port Arthur
for the crop years ended August 31, 1913 and 1914.... . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. ..
PAGB.
457-459
459-461
462
462
463
Bounties.
50. Bounties paid in Canada on Mineral Products and Binder Twine, 1896-1914........ 465
51. Bounties paid to Cordage Companies on :Manila Fibre used in the manufacture of
Binder Twine and Cordage, 1913-1914, and with totals for 1910-1913............ 466
Patents.
52. Number of Can:1dian Patente33 by Province of Residence for the fiscal years 1907-
1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 467
VIII. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS.
Steam Railways.
1. Steam Railway Mileage under Construction in Canada at June 30, 1914.............
2. Record of Steam Railway Mileage, 1835-1914..... " ............ .. .... .. .. . . ., .. .. .
3. Steam Railway Mileage by Provinces, 1908-1914..................................
4. Capital Liability of Steam Railways, 1876-1914. . . . . ...... . .. .... .. .,. . .. . . . . . . . . .
5. Areas of Land Subsidies granted to Steam Railways by the Dominion and Provincial
Governments up to June 30, 1914. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Mileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Steam Railways, 1914. . . . . . .
7. Steam Railway Statistics, 1875-1914. . ........................... .. ...............
8. Earnings and Operating Expenses of Steam Railways per mile of line, 1907-1914.....
9. Distribution of Operating Expenses of Stearn Railways, 1912-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
10. Aid to Railways in the form of Guarantees of Bonds, Interest, etc., by the Dominion
and Provincial Governments, 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
11. Analysis of the Total Financial Aid given to Steam Railways up to lune 30, 1914...
12. Total Amount of Dominion Government Aid paid to Steam Railways up to
June 30 of each year, 1875-1914. ...............................................
13. Cost of Construction, Working Expenses and Revenue of Government Railways,
1868-1914, and before Confederation.... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ....... . ....... . .,
14. Capital Expenditure by Dominion Government for construction of Government
Steam Railways to :March 31, 1914.... . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . ..
15. Mileage and Rolling Stock of Steam Railways, 1909-1914. . ........ .... .... . . . ... ..
16. Freight hauled on Steam Railways, 1910-1914.....................................
17. Number of Employees in Service of Stearn Railways, 1910-1914....................
18. Average Daily Salaries and Wages paid on Steam Railways, 1909-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . .
19. Distribution of Salaries and Wages on Steam Railways, 1911-1914... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
20.
umber of Passengers, Employees and Others Killed and Injured on Steam Rail-
ways, 1888-1914. . ..............................................'...............
21.
umber of Persons Killed and Injured on Steam Railways, 1912-1914... . . .. . . . . .. .
Electric Railways.
22. Electric Railway Statistics, 1901-1914........................................ .....
23. Mileage and Equipment of Electric Railways, 1912-1914. . . .. .. .. .. . . .... .... . . . . ..
24. Capital Liability of Electric Railways, 1908-1914.............. .................. ..
25. Mileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Railways, 1914......
26.
umber of Passengers, Employees and others Killed and Injured on Electric Rail-
"tays, 1894-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Express Companies.
27. Operating
1i1eage of Express Companies in Canada, 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914. . . . . ..
28. Operating Expenses of Express Companies, 1911-1914... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .,
29. Business transacted by Express Companies in financial paper, 1911-1914....... _....
30. Earnings of Express Companies, 1911-1914. ..... .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .
Canals.
31. Canal Traffic during the Navigation Season, 1914.......... .............,... ..
32. Distribution of Total Canal Traffic by Months, 1911-1914..........................
33. Distribution of Canal Traffic in Canada, 1914........... . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. . . .. ..
34. Tonnage of Traffic by Canals and Classes of Products, 1913 and 1914. ............ ..
35. Principal Articles carried through Canadian Canals during the Nayigation Seasons,
1913 and 1914.... . . . " ...... . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
36. Traffic through the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie Canal during the Navigation Seasons.
1895-1914.... . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37. Traffic through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons of 1900, 1905, 1910,
1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914. . . '" . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . ., .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . ..
38. Total Expenditure and Reyenue of Canals 1868-1914, and before Confederation.....
39. Capital Expenditure for Construction and Enlargement of Canals, 1868-1914 and
before Confederation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
471
471
472
472
473
473-476
477
478
478
478
478
479
480
481
481
482-483
483
484
484
484-485
485-486
487
487
487
488-489
489
490
491
491
492
493-494
494
494
495
495-496
4s)6
497-498
499
500
.
Vlli
Shipping.
40. Sea-going Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) Entered and Cleared at Canadian
Ports during the fiscal year 1914.. . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... .. ... . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .
41. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at the Principal Ports of Canada, 1914......
42. Sea-going Vessels Entered Inwards and Outwards by Countries, 1914... . . . . . . . . . . . .
43. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at Canadian Ports with Cargo and in Ballast,
1901-1914..... " . . .. .... . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .
44. Sea-going and Inland Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) arrived at and departed
from Canadian Ports, 1901-1914.... . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. ., .. . . .. " " ., . . . . .. . . . . .
45. British and Foreign Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade of Canada, 191(}-1914..
46. Canadian and American Vessels trading on Rivers and Lakes between Canada and
United States, exclusive of ferriage. 1910-1914. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. . . .
47. Vessels built and registered in Canada and Vessels sold to other Countries, 1901-1914
48. Number and Net Tonnage of Vessels on the Registry of Shipping, Canada, 1910-1913
49. Steamboat Inspection during the fiscal year 1913-1914... . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50. Canadian Wrecks and Casualties, 1870-1914.... . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . . .. . ..
51. Comparative Statement of :Marine Danger Signals, 1904-1914............ .. ..... ....
52. Revenue of the Department ot Marine, 1910-1914. . ..................... ...........
53. Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 191(}-1914...... ..................... ....
54. Total Revenue and Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 1868-1914...... . . . . . .
Telegraphs and Telephones.
55. Telegraph Statistics of Chartered Companies, 1908-1914.......................... .
56. Coast Stations for Communication by Wireless Telegraphy with Ships at Sea, fiscal
year 1914.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....
57. Business and Cost of Maintenance of Radiotelegraph Stations, for the fiscal years
1913 and 1914. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58. Progress of Telephones in Canada, 1911-1914............. ....... ........... ....... .
59. Number of Telephone Companies reporting to the Department of Railways and
Canals, by Provinces, June 30, 1914. with totals for 1911-12-13. ......... -......
60. Telephones in use and Mileage of Wire by Provinces, June 30, 1914, with totals for
1911-13....... ............ ............ ........................ .. . . .. .. . .......
61. Wire Mileage of Telephones by Classes of Wire, June 30, 1913, and 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . .
62. Capital Liability, Cost, Revenue and Operating Expenses of Telephones, June 30,
1914, with totals for 1912 and 1913. '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal Statistics.
63. Revenue and Expenditure of the Post Office Department for quinquennial periods
1868-1910 and for the years 1911-14..... ......... .. ...... .... ". ..............
64. Number of Post Offices in Canada and Estimated Number of Letters and Postcards
sent for quinquennial periods 1868-1910 and for the years 1911-14. .... .. .... .....
&5. Number of Post Offices in Canada and Estimated N urn ber of Letters and Post cards
sent, by Provinces, 1914. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66. Steamship Subventions for the Conveyance of Mails, 1912-1914...... .., .... ... .....
67. Operation of the Money Order System in Canada, 1901-1914. ... ....... ............
68. Money Orders by Provinces, 1910-1914........... ................................
69. Number and Total Values of Postal Notes, 1909-1914..............................
70. Issue of Postage Stamps, etc., 1913-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IX. LABOUR.
PAGE
501
501-502
503-504
504
505
505-506
506-507
507
508
508-509
509
510
511
511-512
512
513-515
515-516
516
517
517
518
518
518
519
520
520
520-522
522
523-524
524
525
1. Time Losses by Industries in Working Days, 1901-1914............................ 528
2. Number of Disputes, Establishments, Employees and Time Losses, 1901-1914. . . . . 528
3. Disputes classified by Industries, 1901-1914............... " .. ............ .... ..... 529
4. Index Numbers of an Commodities by Groups, 1890-1914..................... ..... 532
5. Index Numbers by Groups of Commodities from month to month, 1914..... . .. .., 533
6. Typical Weekly Expenditure for a Family of Five Persons with an Income of $800
per annum.. ................................................................ 534
x. FINANCE.
Public Accounts.
1. Receipts and Expenditures on Consolidated Fund Account, 1911-1914...... . . . . .. . . .
2. Receipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1868-l!H4. ., ..,... - ... ............
3. Details of Receipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1901-1914. .....................
4. Details of Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Account, 1901-1914... . . . . . . . .
5. Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Account, 1868-1914.......... ....... ....... .....
6. Total Expenditure of Canada, 1868-1914........................ ....... . ...... .....
7. Total Receipts of Canada, 1868-1914..................... ....... ....... ... ........ .
8. Population and Revenue and Expenditure per head, 1871-1914..........
9. Public Debt of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914................ ........
10. Assets of the Public Debt of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914:. ..............
11. Total Liabilities of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914.. .................. .
12. Funded Debt payable in London and Canada, March 31, 1914....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. Subsidies and other Payments of Dominion to Provincial Governments, 1909-14....
14. Totals of Subsidy Allowances from July 1, 1867, to :March 31, 1914................. .
15. Coinage at the Ottawa Branch of the Royal Mint, in the Calendar Years 1911-1914
53ð
536-537
538-539
540-543
544
5.5
54ð
547
548
549
550-551
552
553
553
554
ix
Inland Revenue.
16. Excise and other Re,oenues for the fiscal years 1909-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .
17. Statistics of Distillation for the fiscal years 1910-1914.... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .., ..
18. Quantities of Spirits, Malt Liquor, Malt and Tobacco, taken out of Bond for Con-
sumption, 1868-1914.. . ........................................................
19. Consumption per head of Spirits, Wine, Beer' and Tobacco and amount of Excise
and Customs Duties per head, 1869-1914. ................. ........... ..........
20. Number of Excise Licenses issued during the fiscal years 1909-14... ................
21. Electric Light and Power Companies registered under the Electricity Inspection
... Act in the Fiscal Years 1913-14..................................... ............
22. Electrical Energy generated or produced for Export and for Consumption in Canada
under authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act during the Fiscal
Years 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914................................................
Provincial Public Accounts.
23. Revenue and Expenditure of the Provincial Governments, 1913-1914...... . " . ... ...
24. Receipts and Expenditure of the Provincial Governments, 1913-14...... .. . .. .. .., . .
25. Municipal Statistics by Provinces, 1914.......................... . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .
26. Values of Building Permits over $100,000 taken out in Cities and Towns in 1913 and
1914..... . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. ... . . . . ... " .. . . .. .. . .. . . , . . . . . . .
P..\GE.
556
556
557
558
559
559
560
561
561-568
569-572
573-574
Banking.
27. Assets of Chartered Banks of Canada, December 31, 1914.............., . . . . . . . . . . . 575
28. Liabilities of Chartered Banks of Canada, December 31, 1914.... . . . ... . .. ...... . . . 576
29. General Statement of Chartered Banks, 1868-1914................................. 577
30. Deposits in Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere, 1901-1914.................. 578
31. Discounts of Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere, 1901-1914..... . . . . . .. .. . . . 578
32. Assets of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Years 1911-1914... . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . - 579
33. Liabilities of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Years 1911-1914................... 580
34. Average Monthly Circulation of Dominion Notes by Denominations, 1889-1914..... 581
35. Amount of Exchanges of the Clearing Houses of Chartered Banks, 1910-1914...... . . 581
36. Rest or Reserve Fund held by Chartered Banks by months, 1905-1914..... . . . .. .. . 582
37. Average Circulation of Bank Notes and Government Notes by five-year and annual
periods, 1874-1914... ........... .... ...... .......................... ........... 582
38. Total amount of Issue and Redemption of Dominion Notes from July 1, 1878, to
Iarch 31, 1914. . ........... ...................... ...... ...................... 583
39. Business of the Post Office Savings Banks, 1868-1914..... . . . .. .. . . .. .... ...... .... . 584
40. Business of the Dominion Government Savings Banks, 1868-1914................... 585
41. Total Business of Post Office and Dominion Government Savings Banks, 1868-1914 586
42. Value of Dominion Notes and of Bank Notes in Circulation, and amount of Gold
held by the Receiver General, 1882-1914................ ....................... 587
Loan Companies and Building Societies.
43. Assets of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Provinces for the year 1913....
44. Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Provinces for the year 1913
45. Miscellaneous Statistics of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Provinces
for the year 1913....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46. Assets and Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societies, 1901-1913......
47. Detailed Assets of Loan Companies and Building Societies, 1909-1913.. ............
48. Detailed Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societies, 1909-1913. .... ... .,
49. Commercial Failures in Canada by Provinces, for the Calendar years 1913 and 1914
50. Commercial Failures in Canada by Branches of Business, 1912-1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51. Commercial Failures in Canada by Provinces and Classes for 1914, wit,h totals for
1905-1913. ........ ., ............. ..................... ....... .... ....... ......
588
589
590
591
591-592
592
593
594
595
Government Annuities.
52. N umber of Immediate Annuities of each amount paid in full from September 1,
1908, to March 31, 1915........................................................ 59ð
53. Number of Deferred Annuities of each amount purcha!ed by lump sums, lump sums
and annual payments, and periodical payments from September 1, 1908, to
March 31, 1915...... ....... ............. ....... ............................... 597
54. Valuation on March 31, 1915, of Annuity Contracts issued pursuant to the Govern-
ment Annuities Act, 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Insurance.
55. Fire Insurance Business transacted in Canada, 1913,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56. Fire Insurance Business transacted in Canada, 1914. . ..................... .........
57. Amounts received for Premiums and paid for Losses, with percentage of Losses to
Premiums, 1869-1914..........................................................
58. Totals of Premiums received and Losses paid, with percentage of Losses to Premiums
by Nationality of Companies, 1869-1914........................................
59. Premiums received and Losses paid by Canadian Companies doing business in
Canada and other Countries, with percentage of Losses paid to Premiums received,
1878-1913.. . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ., .. . . . ... .. .. .. . ... . . .. ., :. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .... .... .
60. Amount of Fire Insurance at risk in Canada, 1869-1914.............. ..............
61. Assets of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and other
classes of Insurance, and Assets in Canada of Companies other than Canadian
transacting such business in Canada, 1910-14. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .
599-601
602-604
605
605
606
606
607
x
Insurance-con.
62. Liabilities of Canadian Compani&! domg :Fire insurance, or Fire Insurance and other
classes of Insurance, and Liabilities in Canada of Companies other than Canadian
transacting such business in Canada, 1910-1914..........;......................
63. Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire
Insurance and other classes of Insurance, and Cash Income and Expenditure in
Canada of Companies other than Canadian, transacting such business in Canada,
1910-1914.... . . . .. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .... .. ............. . .... .. .. .
64. Life Insurance in Canada, 1910-1914. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. ..... . .. .. .
65. Insurance Death-rate in Ca!1ad
, 1910-1913. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . .. .. .
66. Assets of Canadian Life Companies and Assets in Canada of Life Companies other
than Canadian Companies, 1910-1914..... ................................... ...
67. Liabilities of Canadian Lite Companies and Liabilities in Canada of Life Companies
other than Canadian Companies, 1910-1914.....................................
68. Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Life Companies and Cash Income and
Expenditure in Canada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies,
1910-1914.... . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . _' . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .. . . .. .. . . .
69. Net Amount of Life Insurance in force in Canada, 1901-1914........................
70. Premium Income of Life Companies, 1901-1914............ ..................... ...
71. Life Insurance on Assessment Plan, 1910-1914......................................
72. Insurance other than Fire and Life, 1913... . " . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .. .. .... . .. . .. . . .
73. Insurance other than Fire and Life, 1914... . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .. .. . . . . .
74. Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing
Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1913........................... .. ..
75. Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing
Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1914............................. .
76. Income and Expenditure in Canada of Companies other than Canadian doing Business
other than Fire and Life, 1913. . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77. Income and Expenditure in Canada of Companies other than Canadian doing Busi-
ness other than Fire and Life, 1914... . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .
XI. ADMINISTRATION.
Parliamentary Representation.
1. Governors General of Canada, 186ï-1915... _ ...... ..............................
2. Dominion Parliaments, 1867-1915. . .. ............................................
3. Dominion !\Iinistries, 1896-1915...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Lieutenant-Governors of Provinces, 1867-1915.. _.... _. _ . ...... '" .,. .... _ _. . ._
Public Lands.
5. Lanù Sales by Railway Companies having Government Land Grants anù by the
Hudson's Bay Company in the fiscal years 1912-1914.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Homestead Entries in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, by
Nationalities, made during the Fiscal Years 1910-1914................ ....... ..,
7. Receipts of Patents and Homestead Entries in the fiscal years 1910-HH4........ . . . .
8. Number of Naturalizations in Canada by Principal Nationalities, during the Calendar
years 1907-1913. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indian Affairs.
PAGE.
60g
609-610
610-612
612
613-614
614-615
615-616
617
617
618-619
619
620
621
622
623
624
ô26
626-627
628-629
630-631
632
634-635
635
637
9. Indian Population in Canada by Provinces, 1909-1915..................... .. .. . . ., . 638
10. Distribution of Indian Population by Age, Sex and Province, with Births and Deaths
by Provinces, 1914. ... ......... ... .-.................. .. ..... ..... .. ..... ..... . 639
11. Religion of Indian Population by Provinces as at
Iarch 31, 1914. . . '" ,. ..... .. . .., 639
12. Attendance of Pupils at Indian Schools, by Provinces, 1914........................ 640
13. Literacy of Indian Population by Provinces, 1914....... ............ .. .... .... . . .. . 640
14. Indian Lands by Provinces, their acreage and value in 1914....... . . . . . . _ .......... 640
15. Numbers of Indian Population engaged in Agriculture, Stock-raising and other
occupations, by Provinces, 1914................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
16. Area and Yield of Field Crops of Indians, by Provinces, 1914....... . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 641
17. Numbers of Farm Live Stock of Indians with Total Values, by Provinces, 1914.... 642
18. Sources and Value of Income of Indians, 1914. ............. ...... .......... 642
Public Works.
19. Dimensions of Graving Docks owned by the Dominion Government.............. 643
20. Dimensions and Cost of Graving Docks subsidized under tbe Dry Docks Subsidies
.l\ct, 1910...... ........... .......... ...... . _ .... ......... . . . . ... .. . . .... . 644
21. Expenditure and Revenue of the Public Works Department for th3 fiscal years
1910-1914..... . . .. " . . .. . . .. ................................................ 644
Public Defence.
22. Number of Militia Officers and Men trained in District Camps and at Locaillead-
quarters in the Fiscal Years 1910-1914... .... . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .
23. Expenditure and Revenue of Militia for the Fiscal Years 1910-1914. ..... " . ... .... .
24. Strength and Distribution of the Royal Korthwest Mounted Police on September
30. 1914. . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
646
646-648
649
Xl
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Criminal. Statistics and Penitentiaries.
Charges, Convictions and Percentages of Acquittals for Indictable Offences by
Provinces, 1912 and 1913... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . " . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Indictable Offences by Classes, 1912 and 1913..... . . . . . .. .........................
Convictions and Sentences for all Offences, 1907-1913........ " .. . . .. " ., " . . ... . '"
Juve
le Criminals convicted for
ndictable Offences by Classes of Offence. 1913,
WIth yearly average for the penod 1885-1913. ..................................
Occupation, Civil Condition, Birthplace. etc.. of persons convicted for Indictable
Offences, 1908-1913..... . . " .. . . . . .. . . " .. .. .. . '" . . . . ...... . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .... .
Number of Convictions by Classes of Offences and the Proportion per cent. of each
class to the total, 1881, 1891, 1909-1913. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .... .. .. . .. .. .
Movement of Convicts. 1909-1914....... . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .... .. ...... . ... ...
Number of Deaths, Escapes. Pardons and Paroles, 1909-1914.......................
Age of Convicts, 1909-1914........................................................
Duration of Sentences, 1909-1914. . ....... .. " .. . . " . . . . . . . . .. " " . . " .............
Classification of Convicts, 1909-1914........ . .. . . . .... .. . , . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .
PAGIC.
650
651
651
53
654
654-655
656
657
658
658
658
659-660
Divorce.
36. Statistics of Divorce, 1868-1914. .. ... ... . .. .. . ......... ..... ... .... .. . ... .... " ... 661
Acts of Parliament and Publications.
List of the Principal Acts of Parliament administered by Departments of the Government of
the Dominion of Canada, as compiled from information supplied by the respective Depart-
ments.............................. ................. ....... .............................
List of Principal Publications of Departments of the Government of the Dominion of Canada.
as compiled from information supplied by the respective Departments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Principal Publications of the Provincial Governments of Canada. as compiled from
information supplied by the respective Governments........................ ............
XII. PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1914.
Parliamentary Legislation, 1914................................. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. '" .. " . . .
Imperial Naturalization. ......... . . . .... . . .. " .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .... .. .. .. . .. . " . . . . .. .
:Loss of the" Empress of Ireland" . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canada and the European \V ar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oriental Immigration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dominions Royal Commission .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening of the Panama Canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arctic Exploration. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H.R.H. The Governor-GeneraL... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. . . .
Obituary.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XIII. EXTRACTS FROM THE CANADA GAZETTE.
Privy Councillors. Lieutenant-Governors. House of Commons and Cabinet Ministers. . .. . . . . .. .
Judicial Appointments and Commissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Imperial Honours and Decorations, Official Appointments and General Thanksgiving........ . .
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Facing
Houses of Parliament, Ottawa, Canada...... . . . . . .. ............. ................... . Facing
Vignette Portraits illustratinf!; Constitution and Government of Canada. ...... . . . . . . . . . ..... . . .
Sir John A. Macdonald 3; Viscount Monck 4; Sir Charles Tupper. Bt.. 6; George Brown 8;
Sir G. E. Cartier, Bt., 11; Sir Oliver Mowat 13; T. D'Arcy McGee 16.
Maps illustrating the Political Development of Canada from 1763 to 1915......................
Laurentian Plateau and Valley of Liêvre River.......................,.......... .... . Faring
Deforested Laurentian Area.......................................................... . Facing
St. Lawrence Lowlands from near Dunham, Quebec... ................................ . Facing
Forest of Interior Plateau, British Columbia. . ...... .............. ....... ....... ..... .Facing
Red Deer in Wainwright Park, Alberta......................................................
Buffalo Bull in Rocky Mountains Park, Rtnff, Alberta.. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. .
Young Mountain Goat at Elevation of 9.000 feet. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Monthly Prices per bushel of Canadian Wheat, Barley, Oats and Flax, 1914
(coloured diagram)....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Facing
Lodgepole Pine. Oldman River. Crowsne,>t Forest, Albert:.\............................ .Facing
Dense Stand of Black Spruce, Muskeg, Riding )Iountain Forest Reserve, Manitoba..... Facing
Diagrams illustrating Pulpwood Consumption, 1914, by Provinces, by Species and by Processes..
Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1890-1914...... . '" . .................................
Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1914...... ..... ..... ............ .......................
662
63
663
67
667
71
672-676
672-673
676
676-678
678-679
679-680
680
680-681
681-682
682
682-683
683-684
684-686
Contents.
1
3-16
23-26
34
36
38
40
39
39
40
211
223
225
226
530
530
xii
LIST OF ARTICLES AND TABLES IN THE CANADA YEAR BOOK OF 1913
. WHICH ARE NOT REPEATED IN THE PRESENT ISSUE.
I. HISTORY.
YEAR BOOK,
1913.
History of Canada. Prepared under the dire3ti::m of ARTHUR G. DOUGHTY, C.M.G., LL.D.,
Deputy Minister, Public Archives of Canada. With 18 illustrations. ..................... 1-29
PAGE.
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
Geology and Economic Minerals. By R. W. BROCK, M.A., F.G.S., Deputy Minister of Mines,
Ottawa. With 5 iHustrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-46
III. AREA AND POPULATION.
20. Birthplace of the Population in Cities and Towns of 7,000 and over, Census 1911.. ..
21. Source of the Population by Province of Residence, 1911. ..........................
22. Native Population by Province of Residence, 1911.................................
23. Distribution in Western Canada of Natives of the Eastern Provinces, 1911...... . . . .
24. Foreign-born Population by Provinces, 1911...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... .. . . .. . . .
25. British and Foreign-bor
Male Population, 21 years and over, by Provinces, 1911...
33-35. Literacy of the Population. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .... . . . . .
40. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths by Principal Cities, 1911......... .....
41. Birth-and Death-Rates by Provinces with Natural Increase, 1900-01 and 1911....
43. Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in fiscal years 1901-1908. . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
By A. J. CONNOR, M.A., Climatologist of the Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto.
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at S
lected Cities of Canada for periods of
twenty years and upwards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Weather of the Year 1913 at representative Stations compared with normal annual
averages for the period 1888 to 1907. . . .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. ... .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .. ..
v. PRODUCTION.
4. Estimated Values of Farm Live Stock, by Provinces, 1913..................
8. Numbers of Farm Live Stock, b} Provinces, in Census Years, 1871-1911.........
14. Distribution of Farm Holdings, 1910 and 1911. .. ............. ........ ....... . ... ..
28. Number and Value of the Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed in 1910, according
to the Census of 1911 [by kinds or cbsses offurs]................ ...... .. .
34. Summary of Mineral Production in Canada, 1900 and 1910... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . .
35. Mineral Ores and other Products of Canada, including Manufactures, by Quantities
and Values, for the Census Years 1900 and 1910.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .
36. Value of Mineral Production in Canada by Provinces, 1900 and 1910............. ...
54. Statistics of Manufactures, 1910....... .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . .
55. Value of Products of Manufactures, 1890, 1900 and 1910 for Cities and TowÐs of 10,000
persons and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IX. FINANCE.
75-78
79
79
80
80
80
89-94
101-102
102
106-107
116-120
121-122
146
159-161
167-169
188-189
197
197-199
199
215-223
224
39. Statement of Bank Failures in Canada, 1868-1910................................. . 556
X. ADMINISTRATION.
1-3.
14.
30.
35.
36.
37.
Representation in the House of Commons according to the Representation Acts,
1903, 1904, 1907 and 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Births and Deaths per 1,000 of Indian Population by Provinces according to returns
from 333 Bands, 1912-1913............ .................... ... ....... .......... .
N umber of Convictions for Indictable Offences and Ratio of Convictions per 10,000
Inhabitants, by Provinces, 1891-1901-1911..... .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Total Number and Number per 100,000 Inhabitants of Convictions in Canada,
classified according to the Nature of Offences, 1880-1912...... . . . .. .. . . . . .... .
Total Convictions and Average Convictions per 100,000 inhabitants in Criminal Cases
for Minor Offences in each of the years 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and 1912. . . . . . . . . . .
Total Convictions and Average Convictions per 100,000 Inhabitants for All Offences
by Provinces in each of the years 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and 1912. . . " . . . . . . .. . . . .
587-593
605
617
624
625
625
xiii
THE CANADA YEAR BOOK, 1914
Amongst the special features of the Canada Year Book of 1914
are: (1) an illustrated article on the Constitution and Government of
Canada; (2) an illustrated article on Geology in Relation to Agriculture
in Canada; and (3) a General Survey of the Climate of Canada.
In deciding upon the retention or omission of material forming
part of the edition of the previous year, the general rule follo,yed has
been the omission from the volume for 1914 of articles and tables ,vhich
are complete in themselves and which do not require bringing up to
date. A list of articles and tables in the Year Book of 1913, "Thich are
not repeated in the present volume, is given on page xii. For 1914,
new tables have been given; old ones have been revised; and all the tables
in the volume have been brought up to date by inclusion of the latest
figures available.
Section IV (Education) is entirely new. It has been con1piled
with the assistance of Canadian education authorities, including the
Deputy Ministers or Chief Superintendents of Education of most of
the provinces.
To the list of the principal publications of the Dominion Govern-
ment, which appeared last year, has been added a list of the principal
publications of each of the Provincial Governments.
Acknowledgments are due to officers of Departnlents of the
Dominion and of the Provincial Governments for valuable co-operation.
As in former years, the tables have been compiled by 11r. JAMES SKEAD
and Mr. JOSEPH WILKINS; and the diagrams have been dra,vn by
Mr. R. E. 'VATTS.
ERNEST H. GODFREY,
Editor.
Census and Statistics Office,
Ottawa, August 4, 1915.
xiv
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA.
Area of the Dominion of Canada in square miles:-Land, 3,603,910; Water, 125,755; Total,3,729,665.
Items.
1891.
1901.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I
2,751,708 ,
2,619,607
5,371,315
Population-
Males. . . . . . . . . . . . ,
Females. . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
2,460,471
2,372,768
I
4,833,239
3,821,995
3,384,648
7,206,643
7,467,000 1 7,758,000 1 8,075,000
354,237 402,432' 384,878
Immigration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
!
82,165
49,149
311,084
I
Agricul tura- I
Wheat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres!
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . " I
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·
Corn... . . . . .. . . " . . .. . "
Potatoes. " .. .. .. ..... ·
Hay and Clover... .. . . ·
Wheat. ............ . Bushels
Oats. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... · I
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·
Corn.................. · ,
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·
Hay and Clover....... Tons'
\Vheat. .................. $'
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Hay and Clover.. . . . .. ... $
Horses.. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. No.
MiJch Cows.. . .. . .. . . . " I
Other Cattle. . . . . . . . . . " I
Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·
Swine. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·
Cheese, home-made... lb.
" factory. .. . . .. "
Butter, home-made. . . "
" factory. . . . . . . . ·
I
8,863,151
8,652,015
1,286,611
293,775
465,903
8,281,932
132,048,782 '
243,506,292
28,846,425
14,321,833
55,609,883'
11,303,609
148,123,000'
132,949,000
24,704,000
12,357,000
42,359,000
162,846,000.
1,577,493 2,259,912
2,408,6771 2,594,179
3,167,774 3,939,257
2,510,239 2,175,302
2,353,828' 3,610,428
- 1 1,363,261
220,833,469 199,904,205
105,343,076 138,098,534
36,066,739 64,489,398
I I
194,953,420 597,926.000 557,344,100 552,771,500
I
2,701,246
3,961,348
868,4
41
450,190
5,931,548
42,212,811
83,428,202
17,209,989
10,711,380
53,490,857
7,693,733
4,224,542
5,367,655
871,800
360,758'
448,743
6,543,423 /
55,572,368
151,497,407
22'224' 366 1
25,875,919
55,362,635
7,852,731
10,996,700
9,966,000
1,581,300
298,190
484,000
8,276,000
224,159,000
391,629,000
49,398,000
16,949,700
84,885,000
12,117,000
139,090,000
126,304,000
22,354,000
10,540,700
37,329,000
134,338,000
2,692,357
2,604,488
3,827,373
2,082,381
3,447,310
11,015,0001
10,434,000,
1,613,000
278,140'
473,500'
8,169,000 1
231,717,000:
404,669,000'
48,319,000 '
16,772,600,
78,544,000,
10,859,000,
156,462,000,
128,893,000
20,144,000
10,784,300
38,418,000
124,696,000
2,866,008
2,740,434
3,915,687
2,128,531
3,447,326
10,293,000
10,061,500
1,495,600
256,000
475,000
7,997,000
161,280,000
313,078,000
36,201,000
13,924,000
85,672,000
10,259,000
196,418,000
151,811,000
21,557,000
9,808,000
41,598,000
145,999,000
2,947,000
2,673,286
3,363,531
2,058,045
3,434,261
1,470,572
1,857,112
2,263,474
2,563,781
1,733,850
6,267,203
111,577,210 1
:1
-.
Field Crops-
Total value. . . . . .. . . ... $
638,580,30
Fisheries- I
Total value. .. . . . .. . . . .. $,
I
18,977 ,878 1
45, 018 1
414,523
9,529,401,
88,665'
4,035,347'
23,8
n:
3,577,749,
93,479'
930,614'
409,549 J
1,226,703
3,857'
2,421,208;
337,901'
7,019,425:
108,56]
,
18,976,616
-- - ------- ------- -- - '-
25,737,154 29,965,433
34,667,872
33,389,464 33,207,748
Minerals-
Gold.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. oz.
Silver.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Copper.. .. . . . .. . . . . . .. lb.
Lead.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . " I
Pig Iron... . . . . . . . . . . . . Tons
Coal.................. " 1
Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. bbl.
Gold.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $'
Silver.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Copper.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $,
Lead.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Pig Iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Coa1..................... $
Cement.. . . . .. . . . . . : " . .. $'
I
Total value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'
1,167,216
5,539,192
37,827,019.
51,900,858.
9,189,047.
274,376
6,486,325
450,394
24,128,503
3,265,354
6,096,581 '
2,249,387
4,594,523
3,512,923 :
12,699,243
660,030,
65,797,911 1
473,159
32,559,044
55,648,011
23,784,969
34,098,744
917,535
11,323,388
5,692,915
9,781,077 1
17,355,272
6,886,998
827,717
10'229, 623 1
12,307,125
26,467,646
7,644,537
103,2201994 1
I
611,8851
31,955,560
77,832,127
35,763,476
44,841,542
1,014,587
14,512,829
7,132,732
12,684,794
19,440,165
12,718,548
1,597,554
13,452,463
14,550,999
36,019,044
9,106,556
135,048,296
I
802,973
31,845,803 1
76,976,925 /
37,662,703
49,676,772 1
1,128,967
15,012,178
8,658,805 1
16,598, 923 1
19,040,924
11,753,606'
1,754,7051
14,903,032.
16,540,012
37,334,940 1
11,019,418
I
145,634,812
I
I
770,374
27,544,231
75,738,386
36,337,765
45,517,937
783,164
13,594,984
7,172,480
15,925,044
15,097,269
10,301,935
1,627,568
13,655,381
10,002,856
33,433,108
9,187,924
128,475,499
xv
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA-con.
Items. 1891. 1901. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914.
){anufacturesL--
Employees.. . . . . . . . . .. No. 272,033 339,173 515,203 :1
Capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 353,213,000 446,916,4871,247,583,609
Salaries and wages. . . . . .' $ 79,234,311 113,249,350 241,008,416
Products................. $ 368,696,723 481,053,375 1,165.975,639
Trade-
Exports!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 98,417,296 196,487,632 297,196.365 315,317,250, 393,232,057 478,997,928
Imports!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 119,967,638 190,415,525 472,247,540 559,320,544 692,032,392 650,746,797
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 218,384 ,934 386,903,157 769,443,905 874,637,7941,085,264,4491,129,744,725
1
Exports, domestic-
Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bush. 2,108,216 9,739,758 45,802,115 64,466,286 93,166,000 120,426,579
Wheat flour........... bbl. 296,784 1,118,700 3,049,046 3,738,836 4,478,043 4,832,183
Oats................. .Bush. 260,569 8,155,063 5,431,662 8,880,675 10,478,554 34,996,664
Hay.................. Tons I 65,083 252,977 326,132 784.864 394,208 191,515
Bacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb. 7,150,756 103,020,661 56,068,607 58,979,963 36,212,180 23,859,754
Butter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 3,768,101 16,335,528 3,142,682 8,844,402 828,323 1,228,753
Cheese.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 106,202,140 195,926,397 181,895,724 163,450,684 155,216,392 144,478,340
Wheat. . .. . . . . . . , . . , . .... $ 1,583,084 6,871,939 45,521,134 62,590,563 88,608,730 117,719,217
Wheat flour.............. $ 1,388,578 4,015,226 13,854,790 16,034,064 19,970,689 20,581,079
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' $ 129,917 2,490,521 2,144,846 3,819,642 5,067,950 13,379,849
Hay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 559,489 2,097,882 2,723,291 6,373,590 3,950,058 1,787,050
Bacon.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 590,852 11,493,868 8,019,454 7,520,362 5,350,845 3,763,195
Butter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 602,175 3,295,663 744,288 2,077,916 223,578 309,046
Cheese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 9,508,800 20,696,951 20,739,507 20,888,818 20,697,144 18,868,785
Fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 9,715,401 10,720,352 15,675,544 16,704,678 16,336,721 20,623,560
Forest produce. . . . . . . . . .. $ 24,282,015 30,009,857 45,439,057 40,892,674 43,255,060 42,792,137
anufactures............. $ 6,296,249 16,012,208 35,283,118 35,836,284 43,692,708 57,443,452
inerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 5,784,143 40,367,683 42,787,561 41,324,516 57,442,546 59,039,054
Gold... . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . ., $ 554,126 24,445,156 5,344,465 7,193,392 11,226,573 13,326,755
Silver... . . . .. .... . . . .. oz. - 4,022,019 33,731,010 30,882,716 35,264,018 36,758.276
Copper....... ......... lb. 10,994,498 26,345,776 55,005,342 56,426,980 83,664,420 83,250,198
Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 5,352,043 9,537,558 34,767,523 33,230,708 48,168,090 50,580,536
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tons 833,684 1,888,538 2,315,171 1,494,756 2,055,993 1,498,820
Silver.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 238,367 2,420,750 17,269,168 15,908,409 20,202,559 20,971,538
Copper.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 505,196 2,659,261 5,575,033 5,646,206 9,911,542 9,489,729
Nickel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 240,499 958,365 3,842,332 3,743,920 5,045,197 5,374,738
Coal..................... $ 2,916,465 5,307,060 6,014,095 4,338,128 5,555,099 3,703,765
Imports for consumption- I
I
Agricultural produce...... $ 21,416,371 47,061,788 51,869,087 55,391,008 53,544,539
Animals and their produce $ 12,068,321 23,258,364 29,499,117 41,088,978 29,880,211
Fisheries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $ 972,939 1,995,091 2,409,618 2,674,776 2,331,772
Forest produce. .. . . . . . . .. $ 3,549,927 12,873,875 15,201,526 20,138,388 16,789,413
Manufactures.. . . . . . . . . . ., $ 112,505,lb8 298,757,039 340,573,248 456,463,594 417,555,537
Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 16,363,494 44,020,074 54,935,7171 65,820,233 71,694,173
i8cellaneous. . . . . . . . . . ., $ 14,361,748 33,985,087 52.993,823 33,940,068 41,896,804
I
Steam Railways-
Miles in operation.......... 13,838 18,140 25,400 26,727 29,304 30,975
Capital. . ................ $ 632,061,440 816,110,837 1,528,689,2011,588,937,5261,531,830,6921,808,820,761
Passengers carried..... No. 13,222,568 18,385,722 37,097,718 41,124,181 46,230,765 46,702,280
Freight. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . Tons 21,753,021 36,999,371 79,884,282 89,444,331 106,992,710 101,393,989
Earnings. . . . .., . . . .. .. ... $ 48,192,099 72,898,749 188,733,494 219,403,753 256,702,703 243,083,539
Expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 34,960,449 50,368,726 131,033,785 150,726,540 182,011,690 178,975,259
Electric Railways- I
iles in operation. . ........ 553 1,224 1,308 1,357 1,561
Capital. . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .., $ -I 111,532,347 122,841,946 141,235,631 147,595,342
Passengers carried..... No. 120,934,656 426,296,792 488,865,682 597,863,801 614,709,819
Freight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tons 287,926, 1,228,362 1,435,525, 1,957,930 1,845,923
Earnings....... ... _...... $ 5,768,283 20,356,952 23,499,250' 28,216,111 29,691,007
Expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 3,435,162, 12,096, 134 1 14,266,675 17,765,372 19,107,818
I
I See note at foot of page xvi. 2 Coin and bullion included.
xvi
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA-concluded.
ItE"ms.
Canals-
Passengers carried. . . .. No
Freight. . . _.......... . Tons
Shipping (sea-going)-
Entered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tons
Cleared. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Telegraphs, Government,
miles of line. . . . . . . . . . . .
Telegraphs, other, miles of
line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal-
Letters sent.. . ........ No.
Post cards sent....... "
l\Ioney orders issued .....
Revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Expenditure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Gross debt... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Assets. .. .................. S
Net debt. . . . . . . . . . . . . -. $
Charteled Banks-
Capital paid up. - -.. ...... $
Assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Liabilities (excluding capita)
and reserves)..... . . .... $
Deposits 1 . . . . . .. .. .. . .... $
Savings Banks-
Deposits in Post Office. .. $
Government. . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Special. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. $
Loan Companies-
Assets. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ., S.
Liabilities.... _. . . . . . . . . ., $
Deposits. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. $
Fire Insurance-
Amount at risk.... . . . . . .. !\
Income for the year. . . . . _
Life Insurance-
Amount at risk. . . . . . . . . ., $
Income for the year. . . . ., $
1891, 1901. I 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914.
j
146,336 190.428, 3
,904 292,267 335,799 1 287,326
2,902.526 5,665,259 38,030,353 47,587,245 52,053,913 37.023,237
5,273,935 7,514,732 11,919,339 12,768,191 13,575,193 14.982,393:
5.421,261 7,028,330 10.377,847 11,821,414 12,655,905 14,586,093-
10,695,196 14,543,062 1 22,297,186 24,589,605 26,231,098 29,568,486,
2,6119 5.7441 8,446 8,639 9,729 10,356,
27,866 30,194 1 33,905 34,841 36,604 38,503
97,975,000 191.650,Oooi 5
,233,OOO 566,140,000 633,475,000 673,145,000.
20,300,000 26,842,0001 49,313,000 54,727,000 60,644,000 64,493,000
12,478,178 17,956,258 1 70,614.862 84,065,891 101,153.272 109,500,670
38,579,311 52,514,701 117,780,410 136.108,217' 168,689,903 163,174,395
36,343.568 46,866,368: 87.774,198 98,161,441 112,059,537 127,384,473
289,899,229 354,732,433: 474,941,487 508,338,592 483,232,555 544,391,369
52,090,199 86,252.429 134,899,435 168,419,1311 168,930,929 1 208,394,519
237,809,030 268,480,004 1 340,042,052 339,919,461 314,301,626 335,996,850
60.700.697 67,035.615 103.009.256 112,730.9431116.297.7291114.759 .8V7
269,307,032 531,829,324 1 1,303,131,260 1,470,065,478 1 1,530,093,671 1 1,555,676,395
187,332,325 1 420,003,7431,097,661,393 1.240,124,35411,287,372,534 1,309,944,006
148,396,968 349.573,3271 980.433.788 1,102.910.383(126.871.523 1,144,210,363
21,738,648 1 39,950,813, 43,330,579 43,563.764 42,728,942 .41,591,287
17,661,378 16,098,144: 14,763,752 14,655,564 14,411,541 13,976,317
10,982.232 19,125,097 1 34,770,386 39,526,755 1 40.133,551 39,110,439
125,041,146 158,523,307' 389,701,988 395,652,787 478,658,228
123,915,704 158,523,307: 389,701,988 395,652,787 1 478,658,228
18,482,959 20,756.910 1 33,742,513 33,235,992 1 32,681,806
759,602,1911,038,687,619 2,279,868,346 2,684,355,895 1 '3,151,930,389 1 3,448,606,887
6,168,716 9,650,348 20,575,255 23,194,521 25,745,947 27,546,880
I
261'475'229 1 46
, 769,034 950,220,771 1,070,308,669 1 1,168,590,027 1 1,216,955,432
8,417,702 15,189,854 31,619,626 35,709,516 38,641,206 41,129,724
I I
1 Including amounts deposited elsewhere than in Canada, not included in deposits prior to 1901.
NOTES.
The statistics of manufactures in 1891, 1901 and 1911 are for works employing five hand
and over,
except in the case of butter and cheese factories, flour and grist mills, electric light plants, lumber, lath
and shingle mills, lime kilns, brick and tile works and fish preserved. The figures in 1891 for all industries
are as follows :-Capital $354,620,750, number of employees 370.256, salaries and wages $100.663,650, and
value of products 1476,198,886.
In the foregoing Summary the statistics of immi
ration, fisheries, trade. shipping, the Post Office,
the public debt, revenue and expenditure and the Post Office and Government Savings banks relate to the
fiscal years ended June 30 in 1891-1901 and ended March 31 in 1911-14. Mineral, banking, insurance, loan
companies and building 8Ocieties' statistics relate to the calendar years and railway statistics to the years
2nded June 3(\. The statistics of population, agriculture, dairying industries and manufactures are either
those of the Census from 1901 to 1911, or are estimates based thereon for 1912 to 1914. Canal statistics are
those of the navigation seasons. The telegraph
tat.istics relate to the fiscal years for Government lines
and to the calendar years for other Jines.
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originally C'ntrring into th(' con-
federation, nlnong its earliest Plln('tulC'nts arrnn
('d for the taking of
CONSTITUTION AN D GOVERNl\fENT OF CAN ADA
8
a general census of the Dominion in the year 1871 and every tenth
year thereafter.
I t next provided for the Executive Government of the Union.
This 'vas to consist of a Governor-General and a Council to aid and
advise in the administration of the Government. This Council is
styled the "Privy Council" and is composed of such persons as
may be from time to time summoned for that purpose by the Governor-
General. All the powers of the administration are to be exercised by
the Governor-General and by the advice of his Council, subject, of
course, to the laws of the land.
All military and naval forces are under the command in chief of
the Sovereign, who acts through his representative the Governor-
General, who in turn is advised by the Government of Canada in
carrying into effect the established laws relating to military and
naval service.
Legislative Power.-The legislative power of Canada is declared
to be vested in one parliament. This parliament (Sec. 17) consists
of the King, the Senate and the House of Commons. The parliament
must be called together at least once a year (Sec. 20), so that twelve
months shall not intervene between tv....o sessions of parliament.
Senate.-At the beginning of the Union the Senate consisted of
72 members. At present it consists of 87 members as follows:
_ Maritime Provinces 24, Quebec 24,
.
, Ontario 24, and the Western Prov-
"'"', inces 15. A senator must be, at the
'\ time of his appointment (Sec. 23), at
,\ least thirty years of age, a British
\ subject, a resident of the province
\ fo
which he is appointed and worth
$4,000 over and above his debts and
liabilities. His appointment is for life,
subject to certain restrictions set forth
in Sections 31 and 39. The Speaker
of the Senate must be a senator. He
is appointed by the government of
the day, which may also remove him
and appoint another in his place.
Fifteen senators form a quorum.
House of Commons.-The House
of Commons, at the time of confedera-
GEORGE BROWN tion, consisted of 181 members, but
at the general election after the conclusion of the twelfth parliament
it \vill be composed of 234 members. The Speaker of the House of
Commons is elected by the members of the House, twenty of whom
constitute a quorum for the despatch of business (Secs. 44 and 48).
Speaker and Deputy Speaker.-In pursuance of legislation and
according to the rules of the House of Commons, a deputy speaker is
selected at the commencement of each parliament. This official is
required to possess a full and practical knowledge of the language
which is not that of the Speaker. As a custom growing out of this
", :...:- ....;>.. .
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9
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
rule the speakership of the House is, during one parliament, held by
an English-speaking member and during the succeeding parliament
by a French-speaking member. The Speaker is nominated by the
government of the day, as is also the Deputy Speaker ; but they are
not supposed, during their terms of office, to take an active share in
party strife.
Privileges of Members.- The British North America Act (Sec. 50)
provides that every House of Commons shall continue for five years
unless sooner dissolved by the Governor-General. The privileges,
immunities and powers of the House of Commons and its members, and
those of the Senate and its members, are such as may be defined by
act of parliament, but they must never exceed those held and enjoyed
by the Commons of England and its members at the time any such
act is passed in Canada. Among the sole rights of the Canadian
Commons is that of initiating the grants of public money and of
directing and limiting the appropriations without the Senate having
any power to change them. The members of parliament also have
certain rights and privileges, such as exemption from arrest during
sessions of parliament and for a certain number of days before and
after the meeting of parliament. This does not apply to cases of
treason, felony, or charges generally of a criminal nature. Freedom
of speech in parliament (subject to its o\vn rules) is also guaranteed.
Rule of Representation.-Representation of the people in the
House of Commons is readjusted from time to time by the parliament,
subject to rules laid down in Sections 51 and 52 of the Act. One of
these rules is that the province of Quebec shall have the fixed number
of 65 members. Each of the other provinces is to have such a number
of members as will bear the same proportion to the number of its
population as the number 65 bears to the population of Quebec, as
ascertained at the regular decennial census. (Sub-section 3 provides
for fractional parts of the population required for membership or
otherwise.)
Dominion Finances.-Among the most important provisions of
the British North America Act are those relating to the appropria-
tion of public money and the raising of taxes for federal purposes.
All bills on these subjects must originate in the House of Con1mons,
yet it is not lawful for even the House of Commons (Section 54) to
adopt or pass any vote, bill, resolution or address for the payment of
any part of the public funds for any purpose that has not first been
recommended to the House by message from the Governor-General
during the session in which such vote or bill is proposed. This rule
is of the most vital and far-reaching importance, forming in many
respects the key to responsible government as \vorked out in practice
under the British constitutional system. The Governor-General may,
in the Sovereign's name (Sec. 55), either assent at once to a bill
passed by the Houses of Parliament or he may reserve it for the con-
sideration of the I{ing. The I{ing may (Sec. 56) disallo\v an act
passed by the Parliament of Canada, but such disallo\yance must be
signified to each House of Parliament in Canada by speech, message
or proclamation, and such disallowance must be made 'within t\VO
.
10
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERN
lENT OF CANAD
\.
years from the date of the receipt of the act by the Inlperial Secretary
of State.
Constitution of the Provinces.- The executive po,vers of the
various provinces are dealt with by Sections 58 to 68. They may be
gen(Jrally summed up as follo,vs:-
Each province is to have a lieutenant-governor appointed by the
Government of Canada, \vho shall not be removable from his office
within five years from the date of his appointment, except for cause
assigned. His salary is fixed from time to time by the Parliament of
Canada. At present the Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec and
Ontario receive $10,000 each and those of the other provinces 59,000
each, except Prince Ed,vard Island's Governor, \vhose salary is $7,000.
The executive powers and authority of the Lieutenant-Governor in
Council are practically exercised under the general principles of res-
ponsible government as understood throughout the British Don1Ìnions,
subject ahvays to the la\vs of the province in question. In case of the
absence, illness or other inability of the Lieutenant-Governor to act, the
(
overnor-General in Council may appoint temporarily an adnlinis-
trator of the office under the same limitations as ,vould apply to a
lieutenant-governor.
Legislative Powers of Provinces.-The legislative po,vers of the
four original provinces are (Sec. 146) extended to any other provinces
or colonies ,vhich may be admitted into the union hereafter. Pro-
vision is made (Sec. 147) for the representation of Prince Ed\vard
Island and N e,vfoundland in the Senate in case of their entering the
union, and provision is abo made for the future admission of the
N orth\vest Territories.
By an Imperial Act entitled the British North
\.merica Act, 1871,
po,ver is vested in the Parlian1ent of Canada to establish ne,v prov-
inces and provide for the constitution and achninistration thereof and
for th(Jir representation in parlialnent. Parliament is also elnpo,vered
to alter the boundaries of any province ,vith the consent of the legis-
.lature of the province, and also to legislate g(Jnerally for the territories.
The provinces originally forming the union ,vere Quebec, Ontario,
N ova Scotia and New Bruns\vick. Ontario and Quebec ,vere one
province at the time of the passing of the Act, and \vere created anp\v
(Sec. 6) out of the old province of Canada. Ontario ,vas provided
,vith a legislature consisting of a lieutenant-governor and one House
styled the Legislative ,.A.:s:sembly, compu:st'd of 82 members, elected
by the 82 electoral districts set forth in the first schedule of the Act.
The present number of menlbers is 111. The Legislature of Quebec
consists of a lieutenant-governor and t,vo Houses, a Legislative
Council and a Legislative Asselnbly. The qualifications for nlenlber-
ship in the Council [',nd for the speakership, and the regulations con-
cerning a quorum and voting, ,vith other particular
of organization,
are also contained in the Act (Sees. 71-80).
At Confederation, the number of members of the Legislative
Assembly of Quebec 'vas settled at. 65. The number at present is 81.
The election la\vs in force in Quebec and Ontario at th0 time of the
union rontinued in force until the respertive legislatures other,vi
e
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COX STI TUTI 0
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D G OVERN1\IE NT OF CA K ADA
proyided (Sec. 84). The legislative assen1blies ,vere to continue for
four years after every general election unless sooner dissolved (Sec. 85).
The same rules as to the requirement of a yearly session, as settled
for the Do 
