THE CANADA
YEAR BOOK 1914
Published by Authority of the Hon. Sir George E. Foster,
K.C.M.G., M.P., Minister of Trade and Commerce.
OTTAWA
J. DE L. TACHE, PRINTER TO
THE KING S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1915
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CONTENTS.
List of Articles and Tables in the Canada Year Book of 1913 which are not repeated in the
present issue
The Canada Year Book, 1914
Statistical Summary of the Progress of Canada
PAGE.
xii
xiii
xiv-xvi
I. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA.
Constitution and Government of Canada. By THOMAS BARNARD FLINT, M.A., LL.B., D.C.L.,
Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, Ottawa. With 8 illustrations
Chronology
Maps illustrating the Political Development of Canada from 1763 to 1915
1-17
18-22
23-26
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
Geographical Features . 27-34
1. Drainage Basins of Canada 28
2. Lengths of Principal Rivers and Tributaries in Canada 29-30
3. Area and Elevation of the Great Lakes 30
4. Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces 31-33
Geology in Relation to Agriculture in Canada. By WYATT MALCOLM, Department of Mines,
Ottawa. With 4 illustrations 34-38
Flora and Fauna. By JAMES MACOTJN, C.M.G., F.L.S., Assistant Botanist and Naturalist,
Department of Mines, Ottawa. With 3 illustrations 38-41
III. AREA AND POPULATION.
Area.
1. Land and Water Area of Canada by Provinces and Territories 41
Population.
2. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in the years 1871-81-91-1901-11 42
3.- Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in 1871 and 1911 and increase
in each decade from 1871 to 1911 43
4. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories, 1901 and 1911 43
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and Population
in 1901 43-48
6. Population of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911, compared
with 1871-81-91-1901 49-51
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants in
1911 and corresponding figures for 1901 51-54
8. Urban Population of Canada by Size Groups, 1901 and 1911 55
9. Rural and Urban Population of Canada in 1901 and 1911 by Provinces, and increase
or decrease in the decade 55
10. Rural and Urban Population of Canada by Provinces and Sexes, 1911
11. Population of Canada by Sexes, 1901 and 1911
12. Ratio of Females to Males in Rural and Urban Divisions, 1911 58
13. Conjugal Condition of the people of Canada, classified as single, married, widowed,
divorced, legally separated and not given, by Provinces, Census of 1911 58
14. Number of Dwellings and Families in Canada by Provinces, as shown by the Census
in 1911 59
15. Origins of the people in 1901 and 1911 with increase in the ten years and ratios per
cent, of population 60
16. Religions of the people, 1881,1891, 1901 and 1911 61
17. Religions numbering 5,000 adherents and over, 1901 and 1911, with absolute and
relative increase or decrease for the decade 62
18. Birthplace of the Population, 1901 and 1911
19. British-born and Foreign-born by Population of Provinces, 1901 and 1911 64-65
20. Male and Female Population in Canada in Age-Periods, 1911 67
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by Prov
inces, 1911 67-70
22. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population in Age-Periods, by Provinces, 1911, with
Totals 1931 70
23. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population by Age-Periods, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911
24. Conjugal Condition of the Population, 15 Years of Age and Over, 1911 71-72
25. Numbers of the Infirm by Conjugal Condition, Age, Origin, Birthplace and Occu
pation, 1911 72-73
26. Numbers of the Infirm by Provinces, 1911, with totals for 1881, 1891 and 1901
27. Area and Population in the United Kingdom and British Possessions, 1911
28. Area and Population of the Principal Foreign Countries of the World 78-80
Vital Statistics.
29. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Provinces, 1911, 1912 and 1913
30. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1912 82-83
IV
Immigration.
PAGE.
31 . Number of Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1897-1915 85
32. Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in fiscal years 1909-1915 86
33. Rejection of Immigrants upon arrival at Ocean Ports and Deportations after admis
sion, by principal causes, for the fiscal years 1903-1914 87
34. Number by Nationalities of Deportations after Admission 1903-1914 88
35. Juvenile Immigrants and Applications for their Services, 1901-1915 88
36. Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrants for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1914 89
37. Destination of Immigrants into Canada by Provinces, 1901-1915 90
38. Record of Chinese Immigration, 1886-1914 90
39. Number of Chinese in Canada by Provinces, according to the Censuses of 1901 and
1911 91
40. Record of Oriental Immigration, 1901-1915 91
41. Expenditure on Immigration in the fiscal years 1868-1914 91
IV. EDUCATION.
Census Statistics of Illiteracy and School Attendance, 92; Education in Canada, 94; Prince
Edward Island, 94; Nova Scotia 95; New Brunswick 98; Quebec 101; Ontario 105; Manitoba
107; Saskatchewan 111; Alberta 113; British Columbia 114; Yukon Territory 116; Education
Statistics of Canada 116.
1. Numbers attending School by Sex and Age-Periods, 1910 : 92-93
2. Percentage attending School by Sex and Age-Periods, 1910 93
3. Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914 117-120
4. Normal and Model Schools in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and
Manitoba, 1901-1914 121-123
5. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Model Schools, Academies and Roman Catholic
Classical Colleges in Quebec, 1901-1913 123-124
6. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Collegiate Institutes and High Schools in Ontario,
1901-1914 124
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914 124-127
V. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
General Survey of the Climate of Canada. By R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., Director of the
Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto 128-139
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Stations 135-137
2. Weather of the year 1914 at representative Stations, compared with normal annual
averages for the period 1888 to 1907 138-139
VI. PRODUCTION.
Agriculture.
1. Area, Yield and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada, 1910-1914 143-163
2. Areas and Yields of Wheat, Oats and Barley in the Northwest Provinces, 1910-11-
12-13-14 164
3. Total Areas and Values of Field Crops in Canada, 1910-14 165
4. Numbers of Farm Live Stock by Provinces, 1910-1914 166-167
5. Average Values of Farm Animals and of Wool, as estimated from reports of corres
pondents in 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1914 168
6. Numbers in June and Values in December of Farm Live Stock in Canada, as estimated
by correspondents, 1914 169
7. Distribution of Land by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 170-171
8. Areas of Occupied Farm Lands, Total Value and Value per Acre, as compiled from
the Census Returns of 1901 and 1911 171
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 172-176
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 177-183
11. Numbers of Pure-bred Live Stock in Canada, 1911 184
12. Cheese and Butter Production in Canada, 1900, 1907 and 1910 185-188
13. Production of Home-made Butter and Cheese in Canada, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900
and 1910 186-187
14. Quantities of Animal Products of the Farm, 1900 and 1910 187-188
15. Quantity and Value of Condensed Milk Products by Provinces, 1910
16. Areas under Orchards and Gardens in Canada, 1891, 1901, and 1911 189
17. Bearing and Non-bearing Fruit Trees in Canada, 1901 and 1911 189
18. Orchard Trees in 1901 and 1911, and Production of Fruit in 1900 and 1910 190-191
19. Value of Fruits and Vegetables, in Canada, 1900 and 1910 191
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915 192-197
21. Area and Yield of Tobacco in Canada, 1913 and 1914 197
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Flax
and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces, 1913 198-201
23. Average total cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking in Canada and the Provinces for 1913, compared with
1911 201-202
24. Average Wages of Farm Help in Canada, as compiled from the returns of correspon
dents, 1909, 1910 and 1914 203
25. Stocks of Wheat in Canada on February 8, 1915 204
26. Estimated quantity of Wheat in Farmers Hands on February 8, 1915 204
27. Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15 206-207
28. Aggregate Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15 207
Agriculture con.
PAGE.
29. Areas occupied and Areas possible of Occupation as Farm Land in Canada, 1914. . . 208
30. Allocation of Payments to Provincial Governments under the Agriculture Aid and
Agricultural Instruction Acts, 1912-131915-16 209
31. Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations, 1914 210
32. Weekly Range of Prices of Wheat at Winnipeg and Fort William, 1914 211-212
33. Weekly Range of Prices of Barley, Oats and Flax at Winnipeg and Fort William , 1914 213-214
34. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Wheat, Wheat Flour and Oats, 1914 214-215
35. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Bacon and Hams, 1914 216-217
36. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Cheese, 1914 218
37. The World s Cereal Production, 1913-14 and 1914-15 219-221
Forestry.
38. Estimated Values of Forest Products, 1911-1914 224
39. Quantities and Values of the cut of Lumber, Shingles and Lath by Provinces, 1912
and 1913 224-225
40. Quantities and Values of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp, 1912, 1913 and 1914 225
41. Kinds of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp by quantities and values, 1912, 1913
and 1914 227
42. Quantities of Wood used and of Pulp manufactured, 1913 and 1914 227
43. Quantities and Values of Cross-ties and Poles purchased by Railway and Electric
Companies, 1913 and 1914 228
44. Number and Value of the Skins and Furs of Wild Animals, killed in Canada in 1910,
according to the Census of 1911 229
45. Values of Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed, by Provinces, 1900 and 1910 229
Fisheries.
46. Number and Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, etc., used in the Sea and
Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1913-14
47. Government Bounties to Fishermen in the fiscal years 1910-1913 233
48. Quantities and Values of all Fish marketed in Canada in 1912-13 and 1913-14 234-235
49. Quantities and Values of the catch of the Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1912-13 and
1913-14
50. Total Value of Fisheries by Provinces in the fiscal years 1910-1914 236
51. Total Value of the Fisheries of Canada in the fiscal years 1870-1914 236
Minerals.
52. Quantities and Values of Minerals produced in Canada, 1913 and 1914
53. Mineral Production of Canada in the Calendar Years 1913 and 1914 239-240
54. Value of Mineral Production in Canada, 1886-1914 240
55. Value of Minerals produced in Canada by Provinces in the Calendar Years 1913 and
1914 240
56. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years
1862-1914 241-242
57. Value of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years 1862-1914 242-243
58. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada during the Calendar Years 1887-
1914 243
59. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1887-1914 244
60. Quantity and Value of Copper produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1886-1914 244-245
61. Quantity and Value of Nickel produced in Canada during the Calendar Years 1889-
1914
62. Production of principal Minerals in Canada for the Calendar Years 1908-1914 245-246
63. Production of Cement in Canada for the Calendar Years 1901-1914
64. Character and Quantities of Ores treated in Canadian Smelters 1909-1914 247
65. Quantities of Refined Products and Metals contained in Refined Smelter Products
Exported, 1909-1914
66. Quantity and Value of Mineral Products in British Columbia for the Calendar Years
1912-1914
Iron Blast Furnaces in Canada in 19 14
Manufactures.
67. Statistics of Manufactures of Canada, 1900 and 1910
68. Statistics of Manufactures by Provinces, 1900, 1905 and 1910 252
VII. TRADE AND COMMERCE.
Exports and Imports.
1. Aggregate External Trade of Canada, fiscal years 1868-1915 254-255
2. Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to Other Countries of
Merchandise the produce of Canada, 1868-1915 255-256
3. Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from Other Coun
tries of Merchandise entered for Home Consumption, 1868-1915, excluding Coin
and Bullion 257
4. Aggregate trade of Canada by Countries during the fiscal year ended March 31,
1914, including Coin and Bullion 258
I
\
VI
Exports and Imports con.
PAGE.
5. Exports from Canada of Home and Foreign Produce, by values, 1868-1915, with
Duties collected on Exports, 1868-1892 259
6. Imports into Canada entered for consumption by values with Duties on Imports,
1868-1915 260
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries by classes of Merchandise the produce of Canada in five-year
averages, and for the fiscal years 1911-15 261-263
8. Values of Domestic and Foreign Exports from Canada to All Countries by classes of
Merchandise, 1905-1915 263-264
9. Values of Exports from Canada of Home Produce to the British Empire and to
Foreign Countries in the fiscal years 1910-1914 265-266
10. Values of Imports into Canada of Merchandise entered for consumption from the
British Empire and from Foreign Countries in the five fiscal years 1910-1914;
also of Coin and Bullion 266-267
11. Value of Merchandise imported into and exported from Canada through the United
States during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1913-1914 268
lla. Values of total Exports and Imports entered for Home Consumption (including Coin
and Bullion) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1915 269
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 270-285
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 286-305
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 304-325
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 324-357
16. Imports of Canada from the United States in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 358-391
17. Imports of Canada from All Countries in quantities and values by classes entered
for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 391-423
18. Values of Exports which may be classed as Manufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914 424
19. Summary of Values of Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries of Home Produce which may be classed as Manufactures in
the five fiscal years 1910-1914 425
20. Values of Imports which may be classed as Manufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914 426
21. Summary of Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from
Other Countries which may be classed as Manufactures in the five fiscal years
1910-1914 427
22. Quantity and Value of Wood, Blocks and Other, for Pulp Exported to the United
States, 1904-1914 428
23. Value of Exports of Wood, Blocks and Other, for Pulp, the produce of Canada, 1890-
1903 428
24. Value of Exports of Wood Pulp, the produce of Canada, 1890-1907 428
25. Exports from Canada of Wood Pulp, by Countries, in the fiscal years 1909-1914 429
26. Values of Exports and Imports of Fish, 1901-1914 430
27. Exports of Fish, the produce of Canada, by principal countries, in the fiscal years
1913-1914 430
28. Exports of Coal the produce of Canada, 1901-1914 430
29. Quantities and Values of Exports from Canada to the British and Foreign West
Indies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1914 431-433
30. Quantities and Values of Imports from the British and Foreign West Indies during
the fiscal year 1914 433-435
31. Values of Exports (domestic and foreign) to the British and Foreign West Indies
by Countries during the fiscal years 1912-1914 436
32. Values of Total Imports (dutiable and free) from the British and Foreign West
Indies by Countries during the fiscal years 1912-1914 436
33. Value of Imports and Exports from and to British and Foreign West Indies, 1901-1914 437
34. Imports into Canada of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal for home consumption,
during the fiscal years 1901-1914 437
35. Imports into Canada of Portland Cement, 1898-1914 438
36. Percentage Proportions of Imports from United Kingdom and United States,
respectively, to totals of dutiable and free in the 47 fiscal years 1868-1914 438-439
37. Average ad valorem Rates of Duty collected on Imports from United Kingdom,
United States and all Countries in the 47 fiscal years 1868-1914 439-440
38. Value of Imports entered for consumption at certain Ports during the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1914 441
39. Value of Exports of Canadian produce by principal ports during the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1914 441
40. Value of total Exports and Imports, Imports entered for consumption and amount
of duty collected, by Provinces, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1914 441
41. Imports of certain Articles of Raw Material for home consumption, 1901-1914 442-443
42. Imports of Canada by values entered for consumption from British Empire and
Foreign Countries under the General, Preferential and Treaty Rate Tariffs in the
four fiscal years 1911-1914 442-443
43. Quantities and Values of Principal Agricultural and Animal Products imported into
the United Kingdom during the calendar years 1913 and 1914 444-445
44. Quantities and Values of selected Animal and Agricultural Food Products imported
into the United Kingdom, by Countries whence imported, during the five calendar
years 19 10-19 14 446^53
Vll
Grain Statistics.
45. Number and Storage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years 1901-
1915 457-459
46. Quantities of Grain inspected during the fiscal years 1912-1914 459-461
47. Quantities of Grain inspected during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1913 and 1914 462
48. Shipments of Grain by vessels from Fort William and Port Arthur for the navigation
seasons 1913 and 1914 462
49. Shipments of Grain by vessels and all rail route from Fort William and Port Arthur
for the crop years ended August 31, 1913 and 1914 463
Bounties.
50. Bounties paid in Canada on Mineral Products and Binder Twine, 1896-1914 465
51. Bounties paid to Cordage Companies on Manila Fibre used in the manufacture of
Binder Twine and Cordage, 1913-1914, and with totals for 1910-1913 466
Patents.
52. Number of Canadian Patentees by Province of Residence for the fiscal years 1907-
1914 467
VIII. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS.
Steam Railways.
1. Steam Railway Mileage under Construction in Canada at June 30, 1914 471
2. Record of Steam Railway Mileage, 1835-1914 471
3. Steam Railway Mileage by Provinces, 1908-1914 472
4. Capital Liability of Steam Railways, 1876-1914 472
5. Areas of Land Subsidies granted to Steatii Railways by the Dominion and Provincial
Governments up to June 30, 1914. . ._ 473
6. Mileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Steam Railways, 1914 473-476
7. Steam Railway Statistics, 1875-1914 477
8. Earnings and Operating Expenses of Steam Railways per mile of line, 1907-1914
9. Distribution of Operating Expenses of Steam Railways, 1912-1914 478
10. Aid to Railways in the form of Guarantees of Bonds, Interest, etc., by the Dominion
and Provincial Governments, 1914 478
11. Analysis of the Total Financial Aid given to Steam Railways up to June 30, 1914. . . 478
12. Total Amount of Dominion Government Aid paid to Steam Railways up to
June 30 of each year, 1875-1914 479
13. Cost of Construction, Working Expenses and Revenue of Government Railways,
1868-1914, and before Confederation 480
14. Capital Expenditure by Dominion Government for construction of Government
Steam Railways to March 31, 1914
15. Mileage and Rolling Stock of Steam Railways, 1909-1914 481
16. Freight hauled on Steam Railways, 1910-1914 482-483
17. Number of Employees in Service of Steam Railways, 1910-1914
18. Average Daily Salaries and Wages paid on Steam Railways, 1909-1914
19. Distribution of Salaries and Wages on Steam Railways, 1911-1914 484
20. Number of Passengers, Employees and Others Killed and Injured on Steam Rail
ways, 1888-1914 484-485
21. Number of Persons Killed and Injured on Steam Railways, 1912-1914 485-486
Electric Railways.
22. Electric Railway Statistics, 1901-1914 487
23. Mileage and Equipment of Electric Railways, 1912-1914
24. Capital Liability of Electric Railways, 1908-1914
25. Mileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Railways, 1914
26. Number of Passengers, Employees and others Killed and Injured on Electric Rail
ways, 1894-1914 489
Express Companies.
27. Operating Mileage of Express Companies in Canada, 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914 490
28. Operating Expenses of Express Companies, 1911-1914
29. Business transacted by Express Companies in financial paper, 1911-1914
30. Earnings of Express Companies, 1911-1914
Canals.
31. Canal Traffic during the Navigation Season, 1914 493-494
32. Distribution of Total Canal Traffic by Months, 1911-1914
33. Distribution of Canal Traffic in Canada, 1914
34. Tonnage of Traffic by Canals and Classes of Products, 1913 and 1914 495
35. Principal Articles carried through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons,
1913 and 1914 495-496
36. Traffic through the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie Canal during the Navigation Seasons,
1895-1914 496
37. Traffic through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons of 1900, 1905, 1910,
1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914 497-498
38. Total Expenditure and Revenue of Canals 1868-1914, and before Confederation 499
39. Capital Expenditure for Construction and Enlargement of Canals, 1868-1914 and
before Confederation 500
Vlll
Shipping.
PAGE
40. Sea-going Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) Entered and Cleared at Canadian
Ports during the fiscal year 1914 501
41. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at the Principal Ports of Canada, 1914 501-502
42. Sea-going Vessels Entered Inwards and Outwards by Countries, 1914 503-504
43. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at Canadian Ports with Cargo and in Ballast,
1901-1914 504
44. Sea-going and Inland Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) arrived at and departed
from Canadian Ports, 1901-1914 505
45. British and Foreign Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade of Canada, 1910-1914.. 505-506
46. Canadian and American Vessels trading on Rivers and Lakes between Canada and
United States, exclusive of ferriage, 1910-1914 506-507
47. Vessels built and registered in Canada and Vessels sold to other Countries, 1901-1914
48. Number and Net Tonnage of Vessels on the Registry of Shipping, Canada, 1910-1913
49. Steamboat Inspection during the fiscal year 1913-1914 508-509
50. Canadian Wrecks and Casualties, 1870-1914
51. Comparative Statement of Marine Danger Signals, 1904-1914 510
52. Revenue of the Department ot Marine, 1910-1914
53. Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 1910-1914 511-512
54. Total Revenue and Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 1868-1914
Telegraphs and Telephones.
55. Telegraph Statistics of Chartered Companies, 1908-1914 513-515
56. Coast Stations for Communication by Wireless Telegraphy with Ships at Sea, fiscal
year 1914 515-516
57. Business and Cost of Maintenance of Radiotelegraph Stations, for the fiscal years
1913 and 1914
58. Progress of Telephones in Canada, 1911-1914 517
59. Number of Telephone Companies reporting to the Department of Railways and
Canals, by Provinces, June 30, 1914, with totals for 1911-12-13 517
60. Telephones in use and Mileage of Wire by Provinces, June 30, 1914, with totals for
1911-13
61. Wire Mileage of Telephones by Classes of Wire, June 30, 1913, and 1914 518
62. Capital Liability, Cost, Revenue and Operating Expenses of Telephones, June 30,
1914, with totals for 1912 and 1913
Postal Statistics.
63. Revenue and Expenditure of the Post Office Department for quinquennial periods
1868-1910 and for the years 1911-14
64. Number of Post Offices in Canada and Estimated Number of Letters and Post cards
sent for quinquennial periods 1868-1910 and for the years 1911-14
65. Number of Post Offices in Canada and Estimated Number of Letters and Post cards
sent, by Provinces, 1914
66. Steamship Subventions for the Conveyance of Mails, 1912-1914
67. Operation of the Money Order System in Canada, 1901-1914
68. Money Orders by Provinces, 1910-1914
69. Number and Total Values of Postal Notes, 1909-1914
70. Issue of Postage Stamps, etc., 1913-1914
IX. LABOUR.
1. Time Losses by Industries in Working Days, 1901-1914
2. Number of Disputes, Establishments, Employees and Time Losses, 1901-1914
3. Disputes classified by Industries, 1901-1914
4. Index Numbers of all Commodities by Groups, 1890-1914
5. Index Numbers by Groups of Commodities from month to month, 1914 533
6. Typical Weekly Expenditure for a Family of Five Persons with an Income of $800
per annum
X. FINANCE.
Public Accounts.
1. Receipts and Expenditures on Consolidated Fund Account, 1911-1914
2. Receipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1868-1914 536- 5 37
3. Details of Receipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1901-1914
4. Details of Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Account, 1901-1914 540-543
5. Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Account, 1868-1914
6. Total Expenditure of Canada, 1868-1914
7. Total Receipts of Canada, 1868-1914
8. Population and Revenue and Expenditure per head, 1871-1914
9. Public Debt of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914 548
10. Assets of the Public Debt of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914 549
11. Total Liabilities of Canada, July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914 550-55 1
12. Funded Debt payable in London and Canada, March 31, 1914
13. Subsidies and other Payments of Dominion to Provincial Governments, 1909-14
14. Totals of Subsidy Allowances from July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1914
15. Coinage at the Ottawa Branch of the Royal Mint, in the Calendar Years 1911-1914 554
IX
Inland Revenue.
PAGE.
16. Excise and other Revenues for the fiscal years 1909-1914
17. Statistics of Distillation for the fiscal years 1910-1914 ...............
18. Quantities of Spirits, Malt Liquor, Malt and Tobacco, taken out of Bond for Con
sumption, 1868-1914
19. Consumption per head of Spirits, Wine, Beer and Tobacco and amount of Excise
and Customs Duties per head, 1869-1914.
20. Number of Excise Licenses issued during the fiscal years 1909-14.
21. Electric Light and Power Companies registered under the Electricity Inspection
* Act in the Fiscal Years 1913-14 . .
22. Electrical Energy generated or produced for Export and for Consumption in Canada
under authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act dunng the Fiscal
Years 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914
Provincial Public Accounts.
23. Revenue and Expenditure of the Provincial Governments, 1913-1914
24. Receipts and Expenditure of the Provincial Governments, 1913-14
25. Municipal Statistics by Provinces, 1914 ;/,:. v
26. Values of Building Permits over $100,000 taken out in Cities and Towns in 1
1914
Banking.
27. Assets of Chartered Banks of Canada, December 31, 1914.
28. Liabilities of Chartered Banks of Canada, December 31, 1914 o /o
29. General Statement of Chartered Banks, 1868-1914.
30. Deposits in Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere, 19( <
31. Discounts of Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere, 1 H-1914
32. Assets of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Years 1911-1914
33. Liabilities of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Years 1911-
34. Average Monthly Circulation of Dominion Notes by Denominations, 1
35. Amount of Exchanges of the Clearing Houses of Chartered Banks, 1
36. Rest or Reserve Fund held by Chartered Banks by months, 190o-19
37. Average Circulation of Bank Notes and Government Notes by five-year and annual
periods, 1874-1914 , .- ... __ ;
38. Total amount of Issue and Redemption of Dominion Notes from July 1, 1878, t
March 31, 1914 - -
39. Business of the Post Office Savings Banks, 1868-1914. . . o*
40. Business of the Dominion Government Savings Banks, 1868- i. . ...... .... . . . . . jj
41. Total Business of Post Office and Dominion Government Savings Banks, 1868-19
42. Value of Dominion Notes and of Bank Notes in Circulation, and amount of Gold
held by the Receiver General, 1882-1914
Loan Companies and Building Societies.
43. Assets of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Provinces for the year 1913
44. Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Provinces for the year 1
45. Miscellaneous Statistics of Loan Companies and Building Societies by Province
for the year 1913 ; - : A" : ;. inAi ioiq
46. Assets and Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societj
47. Detailed Assets of Loan Companies and Building Societies 19 13. i
48. Detailed Liabilities of Loan Companies and Building Societies, 1 -1913
49. Commercial Failures in Canada by Provinces, for the Calendar years 1913 and
50. Commercial Failures in Canada by Branches of Business, 1912-1914. . . . . . .......
51. Commercial Failures in Canada by Provinces and Classes for 1914, with totals for
1905-1913
Government Annuities.
52. Number of Immediate Annuities of each amount paid in full from September 1,
1908, to March 31, 1915 ;~~JL"\ i *
53. Number of Deferred Annuities of each amount purchased by lump sums, lump sums
and annual payments, and periodical payments from September 1, ] US, 1
54. Valuation on March 31, 1915, of Annuity Contracts "issued pursuant to the Govern
ment Annuities Act, 1908
Insurance.
55. Fire Insurance Business transacted in Canada, 1913
56. Fire Insurance Business transacted in Canada, 1914
57 Amounts received for Premiums and paid for Losses, with percentage of
58. TotalBofPremiums received and Losses paid, with percentage of Losses to Premiums
bv Nationality of Companies, 1869-1914 ................... . ---- ;. ..... :
59. Premiums received and Losses paid by Canadian Companies doing business in
Canada and other Countries.with percentage of Losses paid to Premiums re( id,
60. Amount of Fire Insurance at risk in Canada, 86<M914
sets of Canadian Companies doing Fire Ins
classes of Insurance, and Assets in Canada
transacting such business in Canada, 1910-14
. moun o re ns , . ......
61. Assets of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and Bother
classes of Insurance, and Assets in Canada of Companies other than Canadi
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Insurance con.
Liabilities ot Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and other
classes of Insurance, and Liabilities in Canada of Companies other than Canadian
transacting such business in Canada, 1910-1914 603
Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire
Insurance and other classes of Insurance, and Cash Income and Expenditure in
Canada of Companies other than Canadian, transacting such business in Canada,
1910-1914 609-610
Life Insurance in Canada, 1910-1914 610-612
Insurance Death-rate in Canada, 1910-1913 ........!.!..!!! 612
Assets of Canadian Life Companies and Assets in Canada of Life Companies other
than Canadian Companies, 1910-1914 613-614
Liabilities of Canadian Lite Companies and Liabilities in Canada of Life Companies
other than Canadian Companies, 1910^ 1914 614-615
Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Life Companies and Cash Income and
Expenditure in Canada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies,
1910-1914 . H , 615-616
Net Amount of Life Insurance in force in Canada, 1901-1914 617
Premium Income of Life Companies, 1901-1914 617
Life Insurance on Assessment Plan, 1910-1914 , 618-619
Insurance other than Fire and Life, 1913 619
Insurance other than Fire and Life, 1914 620
Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing
Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1913 621
Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing
Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1914 622
Income and Expenditure in Canada of Companies other than Canadian doing Business
other than Fire and Life, 1913 623
Income and Expenditure in Canada of Companies other than Canadian doing Busi
ness other than Fire and Life, 1914 , 624
XI. ADMINISTRATION.
Parliamentary Representation.
1. Governors General of Canada, 1867-1915 t)26
2. Dominion Parliaments, 1867-1915 626-627
3. Dominion Ministries, 1896-1915 628-629
4. Lieutenant-Governors of Provinces, 1867-1915 630-631
Public Lands.
5. Land Sales by Railway Companies having Government Land Grants and by the
Hudson s Bay Company in the fiscal years 1912-1914. 632
6. Homestead Entries in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, by
Nationalities, made during the Fiscal Years 1910-1914 634-635
7. Receipts of Patents and Homestead Entries in the fiscal years 1910-1914 635
8. Number of Naturalizations in Canada by Principal Nationalities, during the Calendar
years 1907-1913 637
Indian Affairs.
9. Indian Population in Canada by Provinces, 1909-1915 638
10. Distribution of Indian Population by Age, Sex and Province, with Births and Deaths
by Provinces, 1914 - 639
11. Religion of Indian Population by Provinces as at March 31, 1914 639
12. Attendance of Pupils at Indian Schools, by Provinces, 1914 640
13. Literacy of Indian Population by Provinces, 1914 640
14. Indian Lands by Provinces, their acreage and value in 1914 640
15. Numbers of Indian Population engaged in Agriculture, Stock-raising and other
occupations, by Provinces, 1914 641
16. Area and Yield of Field Crops of Indians, by Provinces, 1914 641
17. Numbers of Farm Live Stock of Indians with Total Values, by Provinces, 1914 642
18. Sources and Value of Income of Indians, 1914 642
Public Works.
Dimensions of Graving Docks owned by the Dominion Government 643
20. Dimensions and Cost of Graving Docks subsidized under the Dry Docks Subsidies
Act, 1910 644
21. Expenditure and Revenue of the Public Works Department for tb.3 fiscal years
1910-1914 644
Public Defence.
22. Number of Militia Officers and Men trained in District Camps and at Local Head
quarters in the Fiscal Years 1910-1914 646
Expenditure and Revenue of Militia for the Fiscal Years 1910-1914 646-648
24. Strength and Distribution of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police on September
30,1914 649
XI
Criminal Statistics and Penitentiaries.
25. Charges, Convictions and Percentages of Acquittals for Indictable Offences by
Provinces, 1912 and 1913 650
26. Indictable Offences by Classes, 1912 and 1913 651
27. Convictions and Sentences for all Offences, 1907-1913 ............. ... 651-653
28. Juvenile Criminals convicted for Indictable Offences by Classes of Offence, 1913,
with yearly average for the period 1885-1913 654
29. Occupation, Civil Condition, Birthplace, etc., of persons convicted for Indictable
Offences, 1908-1913 654-655
30. Number of Convictions by Classes of Offences and the Proportion per cent, of each
class to the total, 1881, 1891, 1909-1913 656
31. Movement of Convicts, 1909-1914 ..".."."."..I 657
32. Number of Deaths, Escapes, Pardons and Paroles, 1909-1914 658
33. Age of Convicts, 1909-1914 . . 658
34. Duration of Sentences, 1909-1914 I...... ........ . 658
35. Classification of Convicts, 1909-1914 ....... 659-660
Divorce.
36. Statistics of Divorce, 1868-1914 661
Acts of Parliament and Publications.
List of the Principal Acts of Parliament administered by Departments of the Government of
the Dominion of Canada, as compiled from information supplied by the respective Depart
ments 662-663
List of Principal Publications of Departments of the Government of the Dominion of Canada,
as compiled from information supplied by the respective Departments 663-667
List of Principal Publications of the Provincial Governments of Canada, as compiled from
information supplied by the respective Governments 667-671
XII. PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1914.
Parliamentary Legislation, 1914 672-676
Imperial Naturalization 672-673
Loss of the " Empress of Ireland " 676
Canada and the European War 676-678
Oriental Immigration 678-679
Dominions Royal Commission 679-680
Opening of the Panama Canal 680
Arctic Exploration. 680-681
H.R.H. The Governor-General 681-682
Obituary 682
XIII. EXTRACTS FROM THE CANADA GAZETTE.
Privy Councillors, Lieutenant-Governors, House of Commons and Cabinet Ministers 682-683
Judicial Appointments and Commissions 683-684
Imperial Honours and Decorations, Official Appointments and General Thanksgiving 684-686
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland Facing Contents.
Houses of Parliament, Ottawa, Canada Facing
Vignette Portraits illustrating Constitution and Government of Canada 3-16
Sir John A. Macdonald 3; Viscount Monck 4; Sir Charles Tupper, Bt., 6; George Brown 8;
Sir G. E. Cartier, Bt., 11; Sir Oliver Mowat 13; T. D Arcy McGee 16.
Maps illustrating the Political Development of Canada from 1763 to 1915
Laurentian Plateau and Valley of Lievre River Facing
Deforested Laurentian Area Facing
St. Lawrence Lowlands from near Dunham, Quebec Facing
Forest of Interior Plateau, British Columbia Facing
Red Deer in Wainwright Park, Alberta
Buffalo Bull in Rocky Mountains Park, Banff, Alberta
Young Mountain Goat at Elevation of 9,000 feet 40
Average Monthly Prices per bushel of Canadian Wheat, Barley, Oats and Flax, 1914
(coloured diagram) Facing
Lodgepole Pine, Oldman River, Crowsnest Forest, Alberta Facing
Dense Stand of Black Spruce, Muskeg, Riding Mountain Forest Reserve, Manitoba Facing
Diagrams illustrating Pulpwood Consumption, 1914, by Provinces, by Species and by Processes..
Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1890-1914
Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1914 530
Xll
LIST OF ARTICLES AND TABLES IN THE CANADA YEAR BOOK OF 1913
WHICH ARE NOT REPEATED IN THE PRESENT ISSUE.
I. HISTORY.
YEAR BOOK,
History of Canada. Prepared under the direation of ARTHUR G. DOUGHTY, C.M.G., LL.D.,
Deputy Minister, Public Archives of Canada. With 18 illustrations ......................
PAGE.
1-29
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
Geology and Economic Minerals. By R. W. BROCK, M.A., F.G.S., Deputy Minister of Mines,
Ottawa. With 5 illustrations ............................................... .............
41-46
III. AREA AND POPULATION.
20. Birthplace of the Population in Cities and Towns of 7,000 and over, Census 1911. .
21. Source of the Population by Province of Residence, 1911
22. Native Population by Province of Residence, 1911
23. Distribution in Western Canada of Natives of the Eastern Provinces, 1911
24. Foreign-born Population by Provinces, 1911
25. British and Foreign-born Male Population, 21 years and over, by Provinces, 1911.
33-35. Literacy of the Population
40. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths by Principal Cities, 1911
41. Birth-and Death-Rates by Provinces with Natural Increase, 1900-01 and 1911
43. Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in fiscal years 1901-1908
75-78
79
79
8Q
80
80
89-94
101-102
102
106-107
IV. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
By A. J. CONNOR, M.A., Climatologist of the Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto.
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Salected Cities of Canada for periods of
twenty years and upwards 116-120
2. Weather of the Year 1913 at representative Stations compared with normal annual
averages for the period 1888 to 1907 121-122
V. PRODUCTION. ;
4. Estimated Values of Farm Live Stock, by Provinces, 1913 146
8. Numbers of Farm Live Stock, b> Provinces, in Census Years, 1871-1911 159-161
14. Distribution of Farm Holdings, 1910 and 1911 167-169
28. Number and Value of the Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed in 1910, according
to the Census of 1911 [by kinds or classes of furs] 188-189
34. Summary of Mineral Production in Canada, 1900 and 1910 197
35. Mineral Ores and other Products of Canada, including Manufactures, by Quantities
and Values, for the Census Years 1900 and 1910 197-199
36. Value of Mineral Production in Canada by Provinces, 1900 and 1910 199
54. Statistics of Manufactures, 1910 215-223
55. Value of Products of Manufactures, 1890, 1900 and 1910 for Cities and Towns of 10,000
persons and over 224
IX. FINANCE.
39. Statement of Bank Failures in Canada, 1868-1910 556
X. ADMINISTRATION.
1-3. Representation in the House of Commons according to the Representation Acts,
1903, 1904, 1907 and 1914 587-593
14. Births and Deaths per 1,000 of Indian Population by Provinces according to returns
from 333 Bands, 1912-1913 605
30. Number of Convictions for Indictable Offences and Ratio of Convictions per 10,000
Inhabitants, by Provinces, 1891-1901-1911 617
35. Total Number and Number per 100,000 Inhabitants of Convictions in Canada,
classified according to the Nature of Offences, 1880^1912 624
36. Total Convictions and Average Convictions per 100,000 inhabitants in Criminal Cases
for Minor Offences in each of the years 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and 1912 625
37. Total Convictions and Average Convictions per 100,000 Inhabitants for All Offences
by Provinces in each of the years 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and 1912 625
Xlll
THE CANADA YEAR BOOK, 1914
Amongst the special features of the Canada Year Book of 1914
are: (1) an illustrated article on the Constitution and Government of
Canada; (2) an illustrated article on Geology in Relation to Agriculture
in Canada; and (3) a General Survey of the Climate of Canada.
In deciding upon the retention or omission of material forming
part of the edition of the previous year, the general rule followed has
been the omission from the volume for 1914 of articles and tables which
are complete in themselves and which do not require bringing up to
date. A list of articles and tables in the Year Book of 1913, which are
not repeated in the present volume, is given on page xii. For 1914,
new tables have been given; old ones have been revised; and all the tables
in the volume have been brought up to date by inclusion of the latest
figures available.
Section IV (Education) is entirely new. It has been compiled
with the assistance of Canadian education authorities, including the
Deputy Ministers or Chief Superintendents of Education of most of
the provinces.
To the list of the principal publications of the Dominion Govern
ment, which appeared last year, has been added a list of the principal
publications of each of the Provincial Governments.
Acknowledgments are due to officers of Departments of the
Dominion and of the Provincial Governments for valuable co-operation.
As in former years, the tables have been compiled by Mr. JAMES SKEAD
and Mr. JOSEPH WILKINS; and the diagrams have been drawn by
Mr. R. E. WATTS.
ERNEST H. GODFREY,
Editor.
Census and Statistics Office,
Ottawa, August 4, 1915.
XIV
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA.
Area of the Dominion of Canada in square miles: Land, 3,603,910; Water, 125,755; Total, 3,729,665.
Items.
1891.
1901.
1911.
1912. 1913.
1914.
Population
Males
2,460,471
2,372,768
2,751,708
2,619,607
3,821,995
3,384,648
-
-
-
Females. . .
Total
4,833,239
82,165
2,701,246
3,961,348
868,464
450,190
5,931,548
42,212,811
83,428,202
17,209,989
10,711,380
53,490,857
7,693,733
1,470,572
1,857,112
2,263,474
2,563,781
1,733,850
6,267,203
111,577,210
18,977,878
45,018
414,523
9,529,401
88,665
4,035,347
23,891
3,577,749
93,479
930,614
409,549
1,226,703
3,857
2,421,208
337,901
7,019,425
108,561
18,976,616
5,371,315
49,149
4,224,542
5,367,655
871,800
360,758
448,743
6,543,423
55,572,368
151,497,407
22,224,366
25,875,919
55,362,635
7,852,731
1,577,493
2,408,677
3,167,774
2,510,239
2,353,828
220,833,469
105,343,076
36,066,739
194,953,420
25,737,154
1,167,216
5,539,192
37,827,019
51,900,858
9,189,047
274,376
6,486,325
450,394
24,128,503
3,265,354
6,096,581
2,249,387
4,594,523
3,512,923
12,699,243
660,030
65,797,911
7,206,643
311,084
8,863,151
8,652,015
1,286,611
293,775
465,903
8,281,932
132,048,782
243,506,292
28,846,425
14,321,833
55,609,883
11,303,609
148,123,000
132,949,000
24,704,000
12,357,000
42,359,000
162,846,000
2,259,912
2,594,179
3,939,257
2,175,302
3,610,428
1,363,261
199,904,205
138,098,534
64,489,398
597,926,000
29,965,433
473,159
32,559,044
55,648,011
23,784,969
34,098,744
917,535
11,323,388
5,692,915
9,781,077
17,355,272
6,886,998
827,717
10,229,623
12,307,125
26,467,646
7,644,537
103,220094
7,467,000
354,237
10,996,700
9,966,000
1,581,300
298,190
484,000
8,276,000
224,159,000
391,629,000
49,398,000
16,949,700
84,885,000
12,117,000
139,090,000
126,304,000
22,354,000
10,540,700
37,329,000
134,338,000
2,692,357
2,604,488
3,827,373
2,082,381
3,447,310
557,344,100
34,667,872
611,885
31,955,560
77,832,127
35,763,476
44,841,542
1,014,587
14,512,829
7,132,732
12,684,794
19,440,165
12,718,548
1,597,554
13,452,463
14,550,999
36,019,044
9,106,556
135,048,296
7,758,000
402,432
11,015,000
10,434,000
1,613,000
278,140
473,500
8,169,000
231,717,000
404,669,000
48,319,000
16,772,600
78,544,000
10,859,000
156,462,000
128,893,000
20,144,000
10,784,300
38,418,000
124,696,000
2,866,008
2,740,434
3,915,687
2,128,531
3,447,326
552,771,500
33,389,464
802,973
31,845,803
76,976,925
37,662,703
49,676,772
1,128,967
15,012,178
8,658,805
16,598,923
19,040,924
11,753,606
1,754,705
14,903,032
16,540,012
37,334,940
11,019,418
145,634,812
8,075,000
384,878
10,293,000
10,061,500
1,495,600
256,000
475,000
7,997,000
161,280,000
313,078,000
36,201,000
13,924,000
85,672,000
10,259,000
196,418,000
151,811,000
21,557,000
9,808,000
41,598,000
145,999,000
2,947,000
2,673,286
3,363,531
2,058,045
3,434,261
638,580,30
33,207,748
770,374
27,544,231
75,738,386
36,337,765
45,517,937
783,164
13,594,984
7,172,480
15,925,044
15,097,269
10,301,935
1,627,568
13,655,381
10,002,856
33,433,108
9,187,924
128,475,499
Immigration
Agriculture
Wheat
Acres
a
Oats
Barley
a
Corn
a
Potatoes
u
Hay and Clover
a
Wheat B
ushels
a
Oats
Barley
ff
u
Potatoes
Hay and Clover
.Tons
Wheat
.... $
Oats
$
Barley
$
Corn
$
Potatoes
.... $
Hay and Clover
$
Horses
. No.
Milch Cows
Other Cattle
a
Sheep
Swine
u
Cheese, home-made.,
factory
. Ib.
Butter, home-made. .
factory
a
a
Field Crops
Total value
$
Fisheries
Total value
. $
Minerals
Gold
. OZ.
Silver
a
Copper
Ib
Lead
a
Nickel
it
Pig Iron
.Tons
Coal
a
Cement ,
. bbl
Gold
$
Silver
$
Copper..
$
Lead
$
Nickel
$
Pig Iron ,
.. . $
Coal
$
Cement. ;.
$
Total value
XV
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA con.
Items.
1891.
1901.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Manufactures 1
Employees No.
Capital 3
Salaries and wages $
Products $
Trade
Exports* $
Imports 2 $
272,033 339,173 515,203
353,213,000 446,916,487 1,247,583,609
79,234,311 113,249,350 241,008,416
368,696,723 481,053,375 1,165,975,639
98,417,296 196,487,632 297,196,365 315,317,250 393,232,057 478,997,928
119,967,638 190,415,525 472,247,540 559,320,544! 692,032,392 650,746,797
Total $ 218,384,934 386,903,157 769,443,905 874,637,7941,085,264,4491,129,744,725
Exports, domestic
Wheat
\
Bush,
bbl.
Bush.
Tons
Ib.
a
2,108,216
296,784
260,569
65,083
7,150,756
3,768,101
106,202,140
1,583,084
1,388,578
129,917
559,489
590,852
602,175
9,508,800
9,715,401
24,282,015
6,296,249
5,784,143
554,126
10,994,498
5,352,043
833,684
238,367
505,196
240,499
2,916,465
9,739,758
1,118,700
8,155,063
252,977
103,020,661
16,335,528
195,926,397
6,871,939
4,015,226
2,490,521
2,097,882
11,493,868
3,295,663
20,696,951
10,720,352
30,009,857
16,012,208
40,367,683
24,445,156
4,022,019
26,345,776
9,537,558
1,888,538
2,420,750
2,659,261
958,365
5,307,060
21,416,371
12,068,321
972,939
3,549,927
112,505,188
16,363,494
14,361,748
18,140
816,110,837
18,385,722
36,999,371
72,898,749
50.368.726
45,802,115
3,049,046
5,431,662
326,132
56,068,607
3,142,682
181,895,724
45,521,134
13,854,790
2,144,846
2,723,291
8,019,454
744,288
20,739,507
15,675,544
45,439,057
35,283,118
42,787,561
5,344,465
33,731,010
55,005,342
34,767,523
2,315,171
17,269,168
5,575,033
3,842,332
6,014,095
47,061,788
23,258,364
1,995,091
12,873,875
298,757,039
44,020,074
33,985,087
25,400
1,528,689,201
37,097,718
79,884,282
188,733,494
131.033.785
64,466,286
3,738,836
8,880,675
784,864
58,979,963
8,844,402
163,450,684
62,590,563
16,034,064
3,819,642
6,373,590
7,520,362
2,077,916
20,888,818
16,704,678
40,892,674
35,836,284
41,324,516
7,193,392
30,882,716
56,426,980
33,230,708
1,494,756
15,908,409
5,646,206
3,743,920
4,338,128
51,869,087
29,499,117
2,409,618
15,201,526
340,573,248
54,935,717
52,993,823
26,727
1,588,937,526
41,124,181
89,444,331
219,403,753
150.726.540
93,166,000
4,478,043
10,478,554
394,208
36,212,180
828,323
155,216,392
88,608,730
19,970,689
5,067,950
3,950,058
5,350,845
223,578
20,697,144
16,336,721
43,255,060
43,692,708
57,442,546
11,226,573
35,264,018
83,664,420
48,168,090
2,055,993
20,202,559
9,911,542
5,045,197
5,555,099
55,391,008
41,088,978
2,674,776
20,138,388
456,463,594
65,820,233
33,940,068
29,304
1,531,830,692
46,230,765
106,992,710
256,702,703
182.011.690
120,426,579
4,832,183
34,996,664
191,515
23,859,754
1,228,753
144,478,340
117,719,217
20,581,079
13,379,849
1,787,050
3,763,195
309,046
18,868,785
20,623,560
42,792,137
57,443,452
59,039,054
13,326,755
36,758,276
83,250,198
50,580,536
1,498,820
20,971,538
9,489,729
5,374,738
3,703,765
53,544,539
29,880,211
2,331,772
16,789,413
417,555,537
71,694,173
41,896,804
30,975
1,808,820,761
46,702,280
101,393,989
243,083,539
178.975.259
Oats
Hay
Bacon
Butter
Cheese
a
Wheat
... $
.... $
Oats.
.... $
Hay
.... $
.... $
Butter
.... $
.... $
.... $
Forest produce
.... $
Manufactures
.... $
Minerals
.... $
Gold
.... $
OZ.
. Ib.
Nickel . .
u
Coal
.Tons
.... $
CoDDer.
.... $
Nickel
.... $
Coal
. $
Imports for consumption
Agricultural produce $
Animals and their produce $
Fisheries $
Forest produce
$
13,838
632,061,440
13,222,568
21,753,021
48,192,099
34,960,449
Manufactures
$
Minerals
$
Miscellaneous
$
Steam Railways
Miles in operation ....
Capital
. $
Passengers carried. . . .
Freight
. No.
.Tons
Earnings
.... $
Expenses. .
. S
Electric Railways
Miles in operation. .
553
1,224
1,308
1,
357
1,561
Capital
. $
111,532,347
m
,841,946
141
,?35,
631
147
,595,342
Passengers carried. .
Freight
. . . No.
. . Tons
120
,934,656
287,926
426,296,792
1,228,362
488
1
,865,682
,435,525
597
1
,863,
,957,
801
930
614
1
,709,819
,845,923
Earnings
... . $
5
,768,283
20,356,952
23
,499,250
?!8
,916,
111
?9
,691,007
Expenses
. $
3
,435,162
12,096,134
14
,266,675
17
,765,
37?
19
,107,818
*
i
1 See note at foot of page xvi. 2 Coin and bullion included.
XVI
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA concluded.
Items.
1891.
1901.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Canals
Passengers carried No
146,336
2,902,526
5,273,935
5,421,261
10,695,196
2,699
27,866
97,975,000
20,300,000
12,478,178
38,579,311
36,343,568
289,899,229
52,090,199
237,809,030
60,700,697
269,307,032
187,332,325
148,396,968
21,738,648
17,661,378
10,982,232
125,041,146
123,915,704
18,482,959
759,602,191
6,168,716
261,475,229
8,417,702
190,428
5,665,259
7,514,732
7,028,330
14,543,062
5,744
30,194
191,650,000
26,842,000
17,956,258
52,514,701
46,866,368
354,732,433
86,252,429
268,480,004
67,035,615
531,829,324
420,003,743
349,573,327
39,950,813
16,098,144
19,125,097
158,523,307
158,523,307
20,756,910
1,038,687,619
9,650,348
463,769,034
15,189,854
304,904
38,030,353
11,919,339
10,377,847
22,297,186
8,446
33,905
504,233,000
49,313,000
70,614,862
117,780,410
87,774,198
474,941,487
134,899,435
340,042,052
103,009,256
1,303,131,260
1,097,661,393
980,433,788
43,330,579
14,763,752
34,770,386
389,701,988
389,701,988
33,742,513
2,279,868,346
20,575,255
950,220,771
31,619,626
292,267
47,587,245
12,768,191
11,821,414
24,589,605
8,639
34,841
566,140,000
54,727,000
84,065,891
136,108,217
98,161,441
508,338,592
168,419,131
339,919,461
112,730,943
1,470,065,478
1,240,124,354
1,102,910,383
43,563,764
14,655,564
39,526,755
395,652,787
395,652,787
33,235,992
2,684,355,895
23,194,521
1,070,308,669
35,709,516
335,799
52,053,913
13,575,193
12,655,905
26,231,098
9,729
36,604
633,475,000
60,644,000
101,153,272
- 168,689,903
112,059,537
483,232,555
168,930,929
314,301,626
116,297,729
1,530,093,671
1,287,372,534
1,126,871,523
42,728,942
14,411,541
40,133,551
478,658,228
478,658,228
32,681,806
3,151,930,389
25,745,947
1,168,590,027
38,641,206
287,326
37,023,237
14,982,393-.
14,586,093:
29,568,486,
10,356,
38,503
673,145,000
64,493,000
109,500,670
163,174,395
127,384,473
544,391,369
208,394,519
335,996,850
114,759,807
1,555,676,395
1,309,944,006
1,144,210,363
. 41,591,287
13,976,317
39,110,439
3,448,606,887
27,546,880
1,216,955,432
41,129,724
Freight Tons
Shipping (sea-going)
Entered Tons
Cleared "
Total
Telegraphs, Government,
miles of line
Telegraphs, other, miles of
line
Postal-
Letters sent No.
Post cards sent
jVlonev orders issued . $
Expenditure . $
Gross debt $
Assets $
Net debt $
Chartered Banks
Capital paid up $
Assets . . $
Liabilities (excluding capital
and reserves) $
Deposits* $
Savings Banks
Deposits in Post Office. . . $
Government $
Special $
Loan Companies
Assets $
Liabilities $
Deposits $
Fire Insurance
Amount at risk $
Income for the year $
Life Insurance
Amount at risk $
Income for the year $
i Including amounts deposited elsewhere than in Canada, not included in deposits prior to 1901.
NOTES.
The statistics of manufactures in 1891, 1901 and 1911 are for works employing five hands and over,
except in the case of butter and cheese factories, flour and grist mills, electric light plants, lumber, lath
and shingle mills, lime kilns, brick and tile works and fish preserved. The figures in 1891 for all industries
are as follows : Capital $354,620,750, number of employees 370,256, salaries and wages $100,663,650, and
value of products $476,198,886.
In the foregoing Summary the statistics of immigration, fisheries, trade, shipping, the Post Office,
the public debt, revenue and expenditure and the Post Office and Government Savings banks relate to the
fiscal years ended June 30 in 1891-1901 and ended March 31 in 1911-14. Mineral, banking, insurance, loan
companies and building societies statistics relate to the calendar years and railway statistics to the years
ended June 30. The statistics of population, agriculture, dairying industries and manufactures are either
those of the Census from 1901 to 1911, or are estimates based thereon for 1912 to 1914. Canal statistics are
those of the navigation seasons. The telegraph statistics relate to the fiscal years for Government lines
and to the calendar years for other lines.
H
O
*
H
fc
-
GO
Ed
X
P
O
=
I. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA.
By THOMAS BARNARD FLINT, M.A., LL.B., D.C.L., Clerk of the House of
Commons of Canada, Ottawa.
HE British Empire consists of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, India, the Protectorate of Egypt,
the Dominion of Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia,
the Union of South Africa, the Dominion of New Zealand,
the Colony of Newfoundland and numerous colonies and
protectorates in all parts of the world.
Territorially, Canada is all that part of the North American Con
tinent north of the United States and east of the Territory of Alaska.
In area it is the largest of the dominions of the Empire beyond the seas,
and the greatest in white population.
There are several classes of territory and government under the
Imperial sway, the first and highest class being composed of those
former colonies possessing self-governing powers with legislatures
freely elected and administrations responsible to the electorate through
the parliaments or legislatures.
Responsible Government.- -This system is styled " Responsible
Government " in contradistinction to other forms wherein the executive
powers are controlled to a greater or less extent by the Imperial Govern
ment and are not fully responsible to the local electorate. In the
first class are Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and New
foundland. The first three above named are federal in their character,
with legislative and other jurisdictions strictly defined in their Acts of
Union. In all these, the Governor-General, or Governor, as the case
may be, is the direct representative of the Sovereign and responsible to
the Imperial Government for the proper discharge of his important
functions.
Imperial Veto. In addition to the right of appointment of Governors-
General, the Imperial Power, or the " Crown," as it is called, reserves
certain powers of veto upon the Acts of the Dominion, Commonwealth
or other parliaments, which might be held to be at variance with, or
prejudicially affect, the general or foreign policy of the Empire as a
whole, or be deemed to be beyond the powers granted to the Dominion,
Union or Colony in question. The veto power is, however, rarely exer
cised, partly because the colonial parliaments freely recognize Imperial
rights, claims and policies, and carefully avoid trenching upon them,
and partly because in doubtful cases precedents, judicial decisions and
friendly discussions have long since practically settled almost all dis
puted points. In all essential respects, at any rate as far as domestic
affairs are concerned, the government of each Dominion is independently
exercised by a parliament and administration responsible to the elec
torate.
Crown Colonies. Other colonies are known as Crown Colonies,
Dependencies and Protectorates, and these have various degrees of
self-government. The executive pow^r is here carried on under the
close supervision of the Colonial Secretary and the Imperial Government
I
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
in London. In some, the Home Government concedes to local repre
sentative assemblies the power of legislation, but in others the Crown
reserves the right of legislation by Orders-in -Council and of directing
executive action by the Governor without interference from local authori
ties.
India.- -The case of India, as a portion of the Imperial Dominion,
is quite exceptional, its system of government having but little in com
mon with that of most of the other British territories. Its history
under the native kings and princes, the peculiar character and disposition
of the diverse races occupying its territory, and its ancient connection
with the East India Company and British Empire under circumstances
of conquest and annexation, account for the methods of rule applicable
to it, which are altogether different from those of either Crown Colonies
or the self-governing Dominions.
Colonial Office. In 1794, the Imperial Colonial Office became an
active Department of State. Representative institutions had been
granted to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick anterior to that date as
also to the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. Complete responsible
government was finally established in these provinces by 1847, a con
clusion which had been powerfully influenced through Lord Durham s
famous report of 1839. The powerful influence of the Colonial Office
in delaying the complete installation of responsible government in the
colonies led to many bitter controversies. The story of the develop
ment of the Governors Cabinet in the colonies into the Peoples Cabinet,
responsible to the peoples representatives forms a number of the most
interesting chapters in our political history. It was accomplished with
out revolution and with scarcely the shedding of a drop of blood. Lord
Durham s report forms one of the landmarks of constitutional history
in Canada. " The problem," Lord Durham asserted in 1839, was to
bring the influence of a vigorous public opinion to bear on every detail
of public affairs and to secure harmony instead of collision between the
various powers of the State." Bradshaw remarks, In these simple
words Durham laid the foundation of the new colonial policy of Great
Britain."
Canada before Confederation.- -The provinces and territories of
Canada came into the Empire at different times and under varying cir
cumstances. The province of Nova Scotia, first colonized by the French
in 1598, was taken by the English in 1629, restored to France in 1632,
and again ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
Cape Breton, now a part of Nova Scotia, was not finally taken over by
the English until 1758, and formed a separate colony until 1820.
Representative institutions were granted to Nova Scotia in 1758, and
in 1867 that province entered the federal union. A portion of New
Brunswick was ceded to Great Britain by the French in 1713; but the
province did not wholly become British until after the fall of Quebec
in 1759-1763. It was largely colonized from New England in 1762.
At one time a part of Nova Scotia, it became a separate province in
1784, and joined the federal union in 1867. Prince Edward Island,
at first settled by the French, was annexed to Nova Scotia in 1713, but
was a separate colony in 1769 and became a province of the Dominion
by virtue of the British North America Act in 1873. Ontario and
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
Quebec, referred to as Old Canada, are the two largest of the original
provinces which formed the Dominion in 1867. Quebec was founded
by the French in 1608. It fell to the British in 1759, and in 1763 was
formally ceded to Great Britain. From 1763 to 1774 it was governed
under military rule or authority, but in later years a Council of Govern
ment was established by the British Parliament. In 1791 an Imperial
Act was passed dividing Canada into two provinces, Upper Canada and
Lower Canada, and a constitution was provided for each province.
Each province was granted a legislature consisting of two Houses, a
nominative council and a popular assembly. These two provinces
were however again united in 1841. From February 10 of this year
until the federation of the provinces in 1867 they continued as one
province. At the union in 1867 they were again separated, Upper Canada
becoming Ontario," and Lower Canada " Quebec."
British Columbia. British Columbia, on the shores of the Pacific,
was granted a colonial Government in 1858. In 1859, Vancouver
Island became a colony with a separate government. In 1866, British
Columbia and Vancouver Island were united under one government and
as such entered the Federal Union in 1871. At the time of joining the
union, all these provinces were in the full exercise of the principles of
responsible government.
Northwest Territories.- -That vast region to the north of British
Columbia and Old Canada, known as Rupert s Land and the Northwest
Territory, was taken over by the new Dominion in 1869, on the payment
of $1,500,000 for certain claims of the Hudson s Bay Company, to which
were also reserved large areas of land in the ceded territory. Out of
this territory the present provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and
Alberta have been carved, viz., Manitoba in 1870 and the other two in
1905. There remain the extensive districts of the Yukon and the
Northwest Territory which are still under territorial administration as
adjusted by certain Dominion legislation.
Fathers of Confederation.- The
distinguished Canadian statesmen who
participated in the conferences of 1864
at Charlottetown and Quebec, which
led to the passage of the British North
America Act in the Imperial Parlia
ment, are now affectionately and ad
miringly remembered as the Fathers
of Confederation." Among the most
prominent of these are such well-
known names as those of Sir John A.
Macdonald, Sir Charles Tupper 1 , the
Hon. George Brown, Sir Leonard Til-
ley, Sir George E. Cartier, Sir Oliver
Mowat, the Hon. D Arcy McGee and
Sir E. P. Tache. Others who held high
positions in the public life of Canada
during the years immediately preceding SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD
: The Right Hon. Sir Charles Tupper, Bt., P.C., at one time Prime Minister
of Canada, is the last survivor (1915) of the " Fathers of Confederation."
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
and following the date of the Union, men of great attainments and
strong character, who had shared largely in the preparation of the
public mind for the proposed union and had done much to shape its
form, do not at the present time fill so large a space in the public
memory as they will in history when the full account of Confederation
is written.
Federal Union. Previous to 1861 many suggestions for the union
of the North American provinces had been put forward, but the first
legislative action looking to this end was taken by the House of
Assembly of Nova Scotia in 1861 under the leadership of the Hon.
Charles Tupper, then a member of that body and Provincial Secre
tary of the Province.
Early in 1864 delegates from the provinces of Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island assembled in Charlottetown,
authorized by their respective governments to confer in reference to a
union of these provinces. Nothing, however, on this line was at that
time accomplished, except that as a result of certain conferences,
another convention was called by the Governor-General to meet at
Quebec on October 10, 1864, in which Upper and Lower Canada and
the Maritime Provinces were all represented. Seventy-two resolu
tions, afterwards formulated as the British North America Act, 1867,
were adopted by this convention, and these were subsequently pre
sented to the respective legislatures for concurrence. The Canadian
Parliament in March of the following year adopted the resolutions,
but in the Maritime Provinces much
opposition was shown to the scheme.
In 1866, however, the province of
New Brunswick, after a general elec
tion, also concurred in the resolu
tions. The Legislature of Nova Scotia
adopted the measure without referring
to the electorate. The Bill for the
Union was presented for the first time
in the Imperial Parliament in Febru
ary, 1867, and passed the two Houses
on March 29 in the same year. The
Act, officially cited as " The British
North America Act, 1867," came into
force by proclamation on July 1 in
that year. This date has since in
each succeeding year been celebrated
throughout Canada as a statutory
holiday styled * Dominion Day." The
Right Hon. Charles Stanley, Viscount Monck, who at the time of
the union was Governor of Canada, became the first Governor-
General of the new Dominion.
Canada and the Federal System. Under a federal system the
constitution of a country includes not merely the framework of a federal
arrangement, but the principle of the whole political constitution in
its practical operations. It implies independent co-ordinate powers,
VISCOUNT MONCK
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
each sovereign in its own sphere. The provincial governments are
not subordinate to the federal, but in their own spheres are perfectly
independent. In the case of Canada the practice of constitutional
parliamentary government was thoroughly established as the funda
mental law long before the date of the political union of the provinces,
and so the same continued in both the federal and provincial spheres
after the union was effected.
Representation of Provinces. The Dominion of Canada, now a
federal union of nine provinces, viz., Prince Edward Island, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
Alberta and British Columbia, controls all the rest of the territory of
Canada, governing it either through local commissions and councils
or directly through the Governor-General in Council. Each of the
above named provinces has its own Governor, Executive Council (or
Cabinet) and Legislature, as established by the British North America
Act, or by virtue of powers contained therein, or by subsequent
Imperial Acts. These provinces are represented in the Federal
Parliament as follows, viz., in 1914:
Province
Senators
Members
of the
House of
Commons
Prince Edward Island
No.
4
No.
4
Nova Scotia
10
18
New Brunswick
10
13
Quebec
24
65
Ontario
24
86
Manitoba
4
10
Saskatchewan
4
10
Alberta
4
7
British Columbia
3
7
Yukon Territory
1
Total
87
221
The Yukon Territory, though not a province, is an electoral district
and returns one member to the House of Commons. The total number
of senators in 1914 was therefore 87 and the total number of members
of the House of Commons 221.
Representation Act, 1914. The result of the census of 1911
necessitated a redistribution of the representation in the House of
Commons under the provisions of the British North America Act.
In 1914, therefore, an Act was passed styled the " Representation
Act, 1914, " which will come into force upon the dissolution of the
present parliament. This provides that the House of Commons in
the ensuing parliament shall consist of 234 members, of whom 3 shall
be elected from Prince Edward Island, 16 from Nova Scotia, 11 from
New Brunswick, 65 from Quebec, 82 from Ontario, 15 from Manitoba,
16 from Saskatchewan, 12 from Alberta, 13 from British Columbia
6
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
and one from Yukon Territory. A schedule to the Act defines the
various electoral districts throughout Canada.
British North America Act.- -The Dominion of Canada, being a
federal union of provinces, one of the most important studies in con
nection with its constitution is that of ascertaining as clearly as
possible how the various powers of legislative and executive action
are distributed between the provincial and federal authorities. The
Act of the Imperial Parliament, which constitutionally brought the
Dominion into being as a political entity and furnished it with the
authority and power to create new provinces out of the vast territory
committed to its charge, is known as the British North America
Act 1867.
This important piece of legislation is frequently referred to as
" the Constitution." In a very limited sense, however, can it be
properly termed a constitution. The constitutional rules and prin
ciples under which government and legislation are carried on are not
at all set forth in this Act, nor in the
nature of things could they be. The
Act, while carefully defining the
powers of the Dominion and of the
provinces respectively, and distribut
ing those powers definitely between
the provincial and federal authorities,
leaves their practical working out to
the general principles of British con
stitutional law. As stated above the
constitution of a country under the
federal system includes not only the
framework of the federal arrangement,
but the principles of the whole political
organization in its operation. In
Canada the practice and usages of
parliamentary responsible government
were thoroughly established long be-
SIR CHARLES TUPPER, Bt. , , TT . *> -, oan rpn i
fore the Union of 1867. The Imperial
Act merely confirmed these in a preamble which declared that the
provinces to be united desired a constitution " similar in principle
to that of the United Kingdom."
This phrase imports into the Act the whole code of the written
and unwritten law of the constitution of the United Kingdom as
virtually in practice in all the provinces of Canada at the union.
The Union Act consequently contains but a portion of the constitu
tion of the country. Even so thoughtful a writer as Sydney Low,
whose book, entitled " The Governance of England," is of great
value, is betrayed into defining the constitution of Canada as "a
written constitution -as a constitution " created by parliamentary
enactment." This writer goes on to insist that the statute which
created the Federal Union of Canada is a " constitution like that of
the United States." His reference to it as a " written " constitution,
and in that respect differing " fundamentally " from that of the Mother
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
Country, shows the error into which he has been betrayed. The
fact is that, except in such details as naturally arise from a federal
system and the absolute necessity in such a system of settling certain
business questions and of clearly dividing the legislative, executive
and judicial jurisdictions between the Dominion and the provinces,
the constitution of Canada is in all essential points the constitution
of the United Kingdom. There are numerous constitutional rules
and principles, fundamental in their character and constantly appealed
to in parliamentary and judicial discussion, which are not alluded to
in the British North America Act. The only new principles added
to the constitution of the Canadian provinces as they existed before
1867 is the federal principle. It merely divides up those portions
of the sovereign powers of the State left to Canada between the
.general and provincial authorities in accordance with the agreements
made between the provinces previous to the Union.
The Act united the provinces politically, distributed constitu
tional powers already existing, defined the jurisdictions of authority
as between the Union and the units, and adjusted certain financial
relations among them. The preamble of the Act states that certain
provinces have expressed a desire to be federally united, " with a
constitution similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom."
They might have asked for a constitution similar in principle to that
already existing in each of the provinces, parties to the agreement,
which would have meant precisely the same thing. Each province
had a constitutional government in working order at the time of the
proclamation of the Act. The law uniting them into one Dominion
merely transferred the constitutional principles already in existence
to the new organization. The nature of the new legislative authority
and of the new executive government thus provided was along old
lines, and former powers and functions were distributed and arranged
to meet new conditions. No new principle of authority or govern
ment or new function was established. It no more created a new
constitution for Canada than it created Canada itself. Like Canada
itself, the constitution was created long before the Union by no single
agency, by no special statute, but through political forces acting upon
the practical necessities of the case throughout the whole history of
the country. The principles were settled by means of political and
judicial decisions dealing with innumerable cases and covering long
periods of time in the old as well as the new world.
In its application to Canada the constitution. is operated through
a federal system merely as a business arrangement and as a matter of
convenience. The Act, as has been said, is merely a skeleton," the
flesh, blood, nerves, muscles and spirit being supplied from other
sources. A study of. this constitution in its numerous phases, alto
gether outside the statute, is of the greatest value; but our attention
at present is to be drawn more directly to a consideration of the terms
of the Act itself.
Executive and Legislative Powers.- -The Imperial Act, after pro
viding for the union of the provinces originally entering into the con
federation, among its earliest enactments arranged for the taking of
8
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
a general census of the Dominion in the year 1871 and every tenth
year thereafter.
It next provided for the Executive Government of the Union.
This was to consist of a Governor-General and a Council to aid and
advise in the administration of the Government. This Council is
styled the " Privy Council and is composed of such persons as
may be from time to time summoned for that purpose by the Governor-
General. All the powers of the administration are to be exercised by
the Governor-General and by the advice of his Council, subject, of
course, to the laws of the land.
All military and naval forces are under the command in chief of
the Sovereign, who acts through his representative the Governor-
General, who in turn is advised by the Government of Canada in
carrying into effect the established laws relating to military and
naval service.
Legislative Power. The legislative power of Canada is declared
to be vested in one parliament. This parliament (Sec. 17) consists
of the King, the Senate and the House of Commons. The parliament
must be called together at least once a year (Sec. 20), so that twelve
months shall not intervene between two sessions of parliament.
Senate. At the beginning of the Union the Senate consisted of
72 members. At present it consists of 87 members as follows:
Maritime Provinces 24, Quebec 24,
Ontario 24, and the Western Prov
inces 15. A senator must be, at the
time of his appointment (Sec. 23), at
least thirty years of age, a British
subject, a resident of the province
for which he is appointed and worth
$4,000 over and above his debts and
liabilities. His appointment is for life,
subject to certain restrictions set forth
in Sections 31 and 39. The Speaker
of the Senate must be a senator. He
is appointed by the government of
the day, which may also remove him
and appoint another in his place.
Fifteen senators form a quorum.
House of Commons. The House
of Commons, at the time of confedera-
GEORGE BROWN ^ congisted Q f lgl memb erS, but
at the general election after the conclusion of the twelfth parliament
it will be composed of 234 members. The Speaker of the House of
Commons is elected by the members of the House, twenty of whom
constitute a quorum for the despatch of business (Sees. 44 and 48).
Speaker and Deputy Speaker. In pursuance of legislation and
according to the rules of the House of Commons, a deputy speaker is
selected at the commencement of each parliament. This official is
required to possess a full and practical knowledge of the language
which is not that of the Speaker. As a custom growing out of this
9
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
rule the speakership of the House is, during one parliament, held by
an English-speaking member and during the succeeding parliament
by a French-speaking member. The Speaker is nominated by the
government of the day, as is also the Deputy Speaker ; but they are
not supposed, during their terms of office, to take an active share in
party strife.
Privileges of Members.- -The British North America Act (Sec. 50)
provides that every House of Commons shall continue for five years
unless sooner dissolved by the Governor-General. The privileges,
immunities and powers of the House of Commons and its members, and
those of the Senate and its members, are such as may be defined by
act of parliament, but they must never exceed those held and enjoyed
by the Commons of England and its members at the time any such
act is passed in Canada. Among the sole rights of the Canadian
Commons is that of initiating the grants of public money and of
directing and limiting the appropriations without the Senate having
any power to change them. The members of parliament also have
certain rights and privileges, such as exemption from arrest during
sessions of parliament and for a certain number of days before and
after the meeting of parliament. This does not apply to cases of
treason, felony, or charges generally of a criminal nature. Freedom
of speech in parliament (subject to its own rules) is also guaranteed.
Rule of Representation. Representation of the people in the
House of Commons is readjusted from time to time by the parliament,
subject to rules laid down in Sections 51 and 52 of the Act. One of
these rules is that the province of Quebec shall have the fixed number
of 65 members. Each of the other provinces is to have such a number
of members as will bear the same proportion to the number of its
population as the number 65 bears to the population of Quebec, as
ascertained at the regular decennial census. (Sub-section 3 provides
for fractional parts of the population required for membership or
otherwise.)
Dominion Finances. Among the most important provisions of
the British North America Act are those relating to the appropria
tion of public money and the raising of taxes for federal purposes.
All bills on these subjects must originate in the House of Commons,
yet it is not lawful for even the House of Commons (Section 54) to
adopt or pass any vote, bill, resolution or address for the payment of
any part of the public funds for any purpose that has not first been
recommended to the House by message from the Governor-General
during the session in which such vote or bill is proposed. This rule
is of the most vital and far-reaching importance, forming in many
respects the key to responsible government as worked out in practice
under the British constitutional system. The Governor-General may,
in the Sovereign s name (Sec. 55), either assent at once to a bill
passed by the Houses of Parliament or he may reserve it for the con
sideration of the King. The King may (Sec. 56) disallow an act
passed by the Parliament of Canada, but such disallowance must be
signified to each House of Parliament in Canada by speech, message
or proclamation, and such disallowance must be made within two
10
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
years from the date of the receipt of the act by the Imperial Secretary
of State.
Constitution of the Provinces.- -The executive powers of the
various provinces are dealt with by Sections 58 to 68. They may be
generally summed up as follows:-
Each province is to have a lieutenant-governor appointed by the
Government of Canada, who shall not be removable from his office
within five years from the date of his appointment, except for cause
assigned. His salary is fixed from time to time by the Parliament of
Canada. At present the Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec and
Ontario receive $10,000 each and those of the other provinces $9,000
each, except Prince Edward Island s Governor, whose salary is $7,000.
The executive powers and authority of the Lieutenant-Governor in
Council are practically exercised under the general principles of res
ponsible government as understood throughout the British Dominions,
subject always to the laws of the province in question. In case of the
absence, illness or other inability of the Lieutenant-Governor to act, the
Governor-General in Council may appoint temporarily an adminis
trator of the office under the same limitations as would apply to a
lieutenant-governor.
Legislative Powers of Provinces.- -The legislative powers of the
four original provinces are (Sec. 146) extended to any other provinces
or colonies which may be admitted into the union hereafter. Pro
vision is made (Sec. 147) for the representation of Prince Edward
Island and Newfoundland in the Senate in case of their entering the
union, and provision is also made for the future admission of the
Northwest Territories.
By an Imperial Act entitled the British North America Act, 1871,
power is vested in the Parliament of Canada to establish new prov
inces and provide for the constitution and administration thereof and
for their representation in parliament. Parliament is also empowered
to alter the boundaries of any province with the consent of the legis
lature of the province, and also to legislate generally for the territories.
The provinces originally forming the union were Quebec, Ontario,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Ontario and Quebec were one
province at the time of the passing of the Act, and were created anew
(Sec. 6) out of the old province of Canada. Ontario was provided
with a legislature consisting of a lieutenant-governor and one House
styled the Legislative Assembly, composed of 82 members, elected
by the 82 electoral districts set forth in the first schedule of the Act.
The present number of members is 111. The Legislature of Quebec
consists of a lieutenant-governor and two Houses, a Legislative
Council and a Legislative Assembly. The qualifications for member
ship in the Council g,nd for the speakership, and the regulations con
cerning a quorum and voting, with other particulars of organization,
are also contained in the Act (Sees. 71-80).
At Confederation, the number of members of the Legislative
Assembly of Quebec was settled at 65. The number at present is 81.
The election laws in force in Quebec and Ontario at the time of the
union continued in force until the respective legislatures otherwise
11
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
provided (Sec. 84). The legislative assemblies were to continue for
four years after every general election unless sooner dissolved (Sec. 85).
The same rules as to the requirement of a yearly session, as settled
for the Dominion Parliament, were established (Sec. 86), as were
also the rules as to the election of the Speaker, as to quorum and
voting. The provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick con
tinued the constitution of their legislatures as existing at the time of
the union.
The important constitutional provisions above referred to as to
the preliminaries necessary to the passing of the money votes, the dis
allowance of acts and the assent of bills reserved were made applicable
to the provincial legislatures (Sec. 90) in the same manner as to the
Dominion Parliament. In these cases the lieutenant-governor stands
in the same relation to the provinces as does the King to the
Dominion.
Distribution of Legislative Powers.- -The title of the sixth division
of the British North America Act is " Distribution of Legislative
Powers." This distribution is essential to a federal system and has
necessarily given rise. to many of the most difficult questions that have
arisen as to the powers of the Dominion Parliament and local legisla
tures respectively. These questions have been settled by judicial
decisions of the greatest practical importance. The well-known
sections (Sees. 91 and 92) cover a large part of this very extensive
battle ground.
Powers of Parliament.- -The powers of the Federal Parliament
include all subjects not assigned exclusively to the provincial legisla
tures. In this respect the Canadian federal system differs from that
of the United States and also from
that of the Commonwealth of Aus
tralia, wherein the powers of the re
spective states, generally speaking,
cover all matters not especially or ex
clusively assigned to the union. The
exclusive legislative authority of the
Parliament of Canada extends to all
matters coming within the following
class of subjects (Sec. 91) : public
debt and property ; trade and com
merce; the raising of money by taxa
tion for federal purposes; the borrow
ing of money on the public credit;
the postal service and census and
statistics; military and naval service
and defence; the fixing and paying
salaries of the officers of the govern-
, 1 U j S1K \j.
ment ; navigation ; beacons ; light
houses; quarantine and the establishment and maintenance of marine
hospitals ; sea coast and inland fisheries and ferries between prov
inces or between a province and any other country ; currency ;
coinage; banks and banking; issue of paper money; savings banks;
12
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
weights and measures; bills of exchange, promissory notes, interest;
legal tender; bankruptcy and insolvency; patents and copyrights;
Indians and Indian lands; naturalization and aliens; marriage and
divorce; the criminal law, including procedure in criminal matters,
but not the constitution of courts of criminal jurisdiction; the
establishment, maintenance and management of penitentiaries and
generally such classes of subjects as are by the Act expressly excepted
in the enumeration of the classes of subjects assigned exclusively to
the provincial legislatures. It declares that any matters coming
within any of the classes above enumerated shall not be deemed to
be of a local or private nature as mentioned in the classes of subjects
assigned exclusively to the legislatures of the provinces.
Exclusive Powers of the Legislatures. Section 92 furnishes a list
of the subjects of legislation assigned exclusively to the provincial
legislatures, viz., the amendment of the constitution of the province,
except as regards the office of the lieutenant-governor; direct taxation
within the province for revenue purposes; the borrowing of money on
the credit of the province; the establishment of provincial offices and
the payment of the officials; the management and sale of public lands
of the province and the timber and wood thereon; the establishment
and control of provincial reformatories, hospitals, asylums and
charitable institutions in and for the province other than marine
hospitals; municipal institutions within the province; shop, saloon,
tavern, auctioneer and other licenses for local or provincial purposes;
local works and undertakings other than: (a) Lines of ships, railways,
canals, telegraphs and other works connecting the province with
other provinces or extending beyond the province; (b) Lines of
steamships between the province and any British or foreign country;
(c) Such works as, although w r holly within the province, may be declar
ed by the Parliament of Canada to be for the general advantage of
Canada or for the advantage of two or more of the provinces. This
clause has been extensively made use of in the matter of railway lines.
Other exclusive powers assigned to the provincial legislature are:
The incorporation of companies with provincial objects; the solem
nization of marriage in the province; property and civil rights in the
province; the administration of justice in the province, including the
constitution, maintenance and organization of provincial courts both
for civil and criminal jurisdiction, and including procedure in civil
matters in those courts; the punishment by fine or imprisonment for
enforcing any law of the province and generally all matters of a merely
local or private nature in the province.
Education. Education, treated of in Section 93 of the Act, has
been the subject of many long and able controversies both in parlia
ment and in the courts. The first section of this celebrated enactment
is as follows:
"In and for each province the legislature may exclusively make laws in
relation to education, subject and according to the following provisions :
(1) Nothing in any such law shall prejudicially affect any right or
privilege with respect to denominational schools which any class of persons
have by law in the province at the union.
13
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
(2) All the powers, privileges and duties at the union by law conferred
and imposed in Upper Canada on the separate schools and school trustees of
the Queen s Roman Catholic subjects shall be, and the sam e are hereby
extended to the dissentient schools of the Queen s Protestant and Roman
Catholic subjects hi Quebec.
(3) Where in any province a system of separate or dissentient schools
exist by law at the union or is thereafter established by the legislature of the
province, an Appeal shall lie to the Governor-General in Council from any
act or decision of any provincial authority affecting any right or privilege
of the Protestant or Roman Catholic minority of the Queen s subjects in
relation to education.
(4) In case any such provincial law as from time to time seems to the
Governor-General in Council requisite for the due execution of the provisions
of this Section is not made, or in case any decision of the Governor-General in
Council on any appeal under this Section is not duly executed by the proper
provincial authority in that behalf, then and hi every such case, and as far
only as the circumstances of each case require, the Parliament of Canada
may make remedial laws for the due execution of the provisions of this Section
and of any decision of the Governor- General in Council under this Section.
The purpose of these sections was to preserve to a religious
minority in any province the same privileges and rights in regard to
education which it had at the date of Confederation, but the pro
vincial legislatures were not debarred from legislating on the subject
of separate schools provided they did not thereby prejudicially affect
privileges, previous to Confederation, enjoyed by such schools in the
province.
As to the legal and other controversies affecting these questions
the student may consult Hansard between 1890 and 1897, Wheeler s
Privy Council Cases," pp. 370 to 388, Supreme Court Reports, Vol. 19,
and other authorities of a like nature.
Agriculture and immigration may be legislated upon by both the
parliament and the legislatures, but any provincial law on these
subjects shall remain in effect in the province only so far as it is not
repugnant to any Act of the Parliament of Canada.
Judicature. Sections 96-100 deal with the appointment, salaries
and pensions of the judiciary. The
judges (except of courts of probate)
are to be appointed by the Dominion
Government from the respective Bars
of the provinces and to hold office
during good behaviour, but may be
removed only on an Address by the
Senate and the House of Commons.
Parliament also fixes their salaries.
The Federal Parliament, being em
powered by Sec. 101 to establish a
general Court of Appeal and other
courts as may be necessary, passed
an Act in 1875 establishing the Su
preme Court of Canada and confer
ring upon the judges of the court
the powers of an Exchequer Court
which was at the same time set up.
In 1877, however, these courts were
SIR OLIVER MOWAT
14
*
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
separated and the Exchequer Court of Canada, with one judge, a
registrar and other proper officers, was established. In 1912 a second
judge was added to this court under the title of Assistant Judge.
The Supreme Court of Canada has appellate jurisdiction from
all the courts of the provinces. The Governor-General in Council
may refer questions to this court. The judgment of the Supreme
Court is final in criminal matters. This court has also jurisdiction in
cases of controversies between the provinces and the Dominion, and
in certain cases between the provinces themselves. There is an
appeal from the Supreme Court in civil cases, under certain limita
tions, to the Privy Council in England. The Privy Council also
entertains appeals direct from the provincial Appeal Courts without
the intervention of the Supreme Court of Canada. The decisions of
the Supreme Court of Canada and of the Judicial Committee of the
Privy Council of England form a mass of most valuable and important
declarations of law as to the constitution of Canada and as to the
varied powers of the Federal and provincial legislatures.
Provincial Finances.- -The revenues, debts, assets and taxation of
the Dominion are regulated and administered under the provisions
of Part VIII of the British North America Act, 1867, and the Amending
Act of 1907.
The provincial debts and sources of revenue, except those especially
reserved to the provinces, were assumed by the Dominion, as were
also the public works, cash assets and other property of the provinces,
except lands, mines, minerals and royalties belonging to the old prov
inces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick at the union.
The Dominion pays yearly to the several provinces sums of money
for the support of their governments and legislatures, details of which
are set out in the above mentioned Acts and in the various Acts under
which new provinces were taken into the confederation. The amounts
of these various payments and subsidies are annually set forth in the
Public Accounts and submitted to Parliament at each session by the
Minister of Finance.
The following amounts are payable in 1915:-
Province.
Amount. Province.
Amount.
Prince Edward Island . .
$
381,931 88 Saskatchewan
$
1,710,675.00
Nova Scotia
636,666.86 Alberta
1,401,575.00
New Brunswick . .
637,976 16 British Columbia
723,135.06
Quebec
1 96) 630 28
Ontario
2,396,378 88 Total
11,259,360.48
Manitoba
1,401,391.36
Miscellaneous Provisions.- -The Imperial Act of 1867, among its
miscellaneous provisions, established the following rules: The oath
of allegiance is to be taken by every member of the House of Commons
and the Senate, and by every member of a legislative council or legis
lative assembly of a province. Members of the Senate and of the
15
CONSTITUTION AND .GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
Legislative Council of Quebec are also required to take and subscribe
the oath of qualification for office as set forth in a schedule to the
Act.
The Parliament and Government of Canada have all the powers
necessary (Sec. 132) as a part of the British Empire for performing
the obligations of Canada or any province towards foreign countries
arising under treaties between the Empire and foreign countries. A
department of State called the Department of External Affairs has
recently been established (1912). The Prime Minister for the time
being is the Minister in charge of this department.
On the subject of language, Section 133 declares that either the
English or the French language may be used by any person in the
debates of the Houses of Parliament and of the Houses of the Legis
lature of Quebec and that both these languages shall be used in the
records and journals of those Houses. It also provides that either of
those languages may be used by any person, or in any pleading or
process in any court of Canada established under the Act, and in all
the courts of Quebec. All Acts of the Parliament of Canada and of
the Legislature of Quebec are to be printed in both French and English.
Intercolonial Railway.- -The construction of the Intercolonial
Railway was made by the British North America Act one of the duties
of the Parliament of Canada. The railway has been constructed and
extended at a total cost up to 1915 of $101,467,501.85.
Admission of Other Colonies. Power was given by the Act to the
Sovereign to admit Newfoundland and other colonies to the union
upon address from the Parliament of Canada and from the colonies
interested. Under this power British Columbia was admitted in
1871 and Prince Edward Island in 1873. Rupert s Land was admit
ted in 1870 by Imperial Order-in-Council based upon the above pro
visions as confirmed by a special Imperial Act in 1868. Subsequently
Manitoba became a province of the confederation (1870) by virtue
of an Act of Parliament of Canada passed in pursuance of the powers
above referred to.
Federal Administration. Among the earliest Acts of Parliament
were those establishing the various departments of government.
The history of these is of considerable interest. Some additions and
changes in the number, designations and powers of these departments
have from time to time been made as circumstances demanded. At
present there are fifteen ministers of the Crown presiding over
departments. Each of these ministers must be a member of one or
other of the Houses of Parliament. These departments are as follows:
Privy Council (presided over by the Prime Minister, who is also head
of the Department of External Affairs recently established) ; Trade
and Commerce; Public Works; Railways and Canals; Finance;
Insurance; Marine; Naval Service, which includes Fisheries; Justice;
Militia and Defence; Interior, the head of which department is also
Superintendent General of Indian Affairs; Labour, Customs; Agricul
ture; Mines; Secretary of State, under which the Department of
Public Printing and Stationery is included; Postmaster-General; Inland
Revenue. All the Ministers of these departments are Privy Coun
cillors and members of the Cabinet. The Governor-General also
16
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
may call to the Cabinet other Privy Councillors who hold no portfolio.
At the present time (1915) there are three of these cabinet ministers.
The Solicitor-General, although a member of Parliament, is not a
member of the Cabinet. The Privy Council " is a permanent body
which in practice never meets or transacts any business, but the
" Cabinet formed from among the Privy Councillors is, though a
fluctuating body as regards its personnel, the real executive power of
the State. It is the actual government of the day, and continues in
authority as long as it is supported by a majority of the House of
Commons.
The rise and fall of provincial administrations, the many import
ant statutes passed by the provincial legislatures dealing with the
amendments of their constitutions and with the numerous subjects
under provincial jurisdiction and the methods adopted in different
provinces to meet the varied circumstances and conditions of the
people, are topics upon which much could profitably be written. Of
these the most important would be
those dealing with municipal and
local taxation, education, the manage
ment of public property, roads and
bridges and financial administration.
All of these matters come very close
to the people, affecting as they do so
directly their daily life and activities.
Consequently, questions regarding
procedure and legislation in these
matters, though generally esteemed
as of mere local importance, are
widely discussed and powerfully affect
public opinion. There are a few sub
jects, such as agriculture and immi
gration, in which the parliament and
the legislatures have concurrent juris
diction, but the provincial laws in
these matters must give way to the
federal when they happen to conflict.
In a federal system like that of Canada, which is in itself a portion
of a world- wide Empire, each government must act and each legisla
ture must undertake to pass laws only upon subjects assigned to them
respectively under the union pact. To that extent the provinces
must carefully scrutinize Dominion legislation in order to see that
their domain is not invaded. The Dominion must take care that
the provinces do not enter the federal sphere, and the Mother Country,
at the seat of the Empire, is also bound in justice to Canada and to
the interests of the Empire as a whole, to see that Canada does not
by executive or legislative act cross the lines of Imperial responsibility.
Individual members of the Canadian community and corporate bodies
transacting every kind of business have a similar stake in the observ
ance of this principle. They must be cautious in their action to
observe the boundaries of jurisdiction; and these are not always easy
T. D ARCY McGEE
17
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
to ascertain. The limits of power between the federal and provincial
authorities are not always so sharply defined as to prevent wide
differences of opinion as to their true bearings and relations. The
language of statute makers is not invariably a perfect medium of
expression; consequently the task of settling questions arising out of
apparent conflicts of laws is one of delicacy as well as of vast import
ance. Costly litigation in the courts of Canada and Great Britain
frequently affords illustration of the heavy penalties paid for mis
understanding the true sanctions of statutes and their relations to
each other as deriving their authority from different powers in the
federal system. All laws are to be interpreted in cases of dispute by
the courts, the final court of appeal being the Judicial Committee of
the Privy Council in England. Our courts, governments and legisla
tures are bound to consider the final decisions of this court as prece
dents for their future action. Here the duties of the judiciary are of
the gravest importance, the exercise of the powers assigned to the
judges under the constitution demanding high intelligence, great
learning and thorough impartiality. The courts, as one able writer
has declared, are the custodians of the constitution. They may
decide as to whether a statute is valid or void, and their considered
decisions thus become a part of the constitution. As a result of this
procedure certain litigated cases stand out with great prominence as
landmarks in the judicial and constitutional history of the country.
They have settled not merely the precise questions in dispute at the
time, but have laid down general principles of interpretation upon
which future executive and legislative action must be based. For
ampler information the student may be referred to Cartwright s
Cases under the British North America Act," the Reports of the
Supreme Court of Canada and other similar works.
The above outline of the form and system of government in
Canada has aimed merely to sketch in a general way the framework of
our constitution. The intelligence, moral character and spirit of the
people who live under it, who must impel and guide its operations
and who are responsible for its failure or success as an instrument of
national prosperity, are in reality of supreme importance. They, and
not the system, must count principally in the working out of the great
plan. But their share in the work is a subject for the consideration
rather of the philosopher, historian and statesman than of the jurist.
The constitution itself, in its entirety, has not been of sudden growth,
but has developed slowly and has been tested by time and experience
under many diverse circumstances. It has proved itself not only
strong but adaptable, capable of sustaining patriotic feeling at its
highest pitch, and of inspiring public confidence in its value as a solid
basis of security for the healthful development of the state in all its
varied interests. Under it, our opportunities for social culture and
spiritual progress, based upon the virtues of industry, economy,
sobriety and patriotism, have full scope for their freest exercise. It
forms at once a safeguard of liberty and an enduring monument to
the statesmen whose labours and genius were devoted to the welfare
of fcheir country. ,
18
CHRONOLOGY.
(A more detailed list of events appeared in the Statistical Year Book of Canada
for 1904, pp. 4-24).
1497. June 24, eastern coast of North
America discovered by John
Cabot.
1498. Second expedition of Cabot.
Discovery of Hudson Strait
and coast of New England.
1534. Jacques Cartier ascends the
St. Lawrence as far as Hoche-
laga (Montreal).
1535. Second voyage of Cartier.
1541. Third voyage of Cartier.
1543. Fourth voyage of Cartier.
1557. September 1, death of Cartier.
1603. June 22, first arrival of Cham-
plain at Quebec.
1608. Second visit of Champlain, and
foundation of Quebec.
1615. Champlain ascends the Ottawa
river, passes through Lake
Nipissing into the Georgian
Bay, and through Lake Sim-
coe and Rice Lake into Lake
Ontario.
1627. Creation of "Company of 100
Associates."
1628. Port Royal (Acadia) taken by
Sir David Kirke.
1629. April 24, Treaty of Peace be
tween France and England
signed at Susa. July 31,
Quebec surrenders to Sir
David Kirke. Champlain re
turns to France.
1632. Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye;
Canada and Acadia restored
to France. Champlain re
turns to Canada as Governor.
1634. Settlement at Three Rivers.
1635. December 25, death of Cham-
plain.
1639. Ursulines and Hospital nuns
arrive at Quebec.
1640. Discovery of Lake Erie by
Brebeuf and Chaumonot.
1642. Foundation of Montreal.
1654. By Cromwell s orders expedi
tion from New England under
Major Robert Sedgwick seizes
Acadia.
1655. November 13, Treaty of West
minster, establishing peace
between England and France.
1659. Arrival of M. de Laval as
Vicar-Apostolic, with title of
Bishop of Petroea in partibus.
1663. Dissolution of Company of
"100 Associates." February
5, severe earthquake, lasting
several days.
1667. Treaty of Breda; Acadia re
stored to France . White pop
ulation of New France, 3,918.
1670. May 13, Hudson s Bay Com
pany receives its charter.
1672. Frontenac appointed Governor.
Population, 6,705.
1682. Frontenac recalled.
1689. August 5, Lachine Massacre.
Oct. 12, Frontenac, re-appoint
ed Governor, arrives at Que
bec.
1690. Massacres by French and Indi
ans on New England frontier.
Attack on Quebec by New
Englanders under Sir William
Phipps repulsed.
1697. September 20, Treaty of Rys-
wick between France and
England, providing for mu
tual restoration of conquered
territories.
1698. November 28, death of Fron
tenac. Population, 13,355.
1699. M. de Callieres appointed
Governor.
1711. Naval expedition under Sir
Hovenden Walker against
Quebec meets disaster.
1713. Treaty of Utrecht gives Acadia
to England.
1745. Louisbourg, Cape Breton, taken
by English under Sir William
Pepperell and Sir Peter War
ren.
1748. October 18, Peace of Aix-la-
Chapelle restores Louisbourg
to France in exchange for
Madras.
1749. June 21, Foundation of Halifax
by Lord Halifax.
1756. War (Seven Years) between
England and France. Mont-
calm in Quebec.
1758. Representative government
granted to Nova Scotia.
July 26, capture of Louisbourg
by British expedition under
Amherst and Boscawen.
19
CHRONOLOGY
1759. Capture of Fort Niagara by the
English under General Pri-
deaux, who was killed during
the assault. July 26, siege of
Quebec began. September
13, battle of the Plains of
Abraham; death of Wolfe.
September 14, death of Mont-
calm. September 18, sur
render of Quebec.
1760. September 8, surrender of
Montreal.
1763. February 10, Treaty of Paris
signed. Conspiracy of Pon-
tiac.
1768. Sir Guy Carleton (afterwards
Lord Dorchester), appointed
Governor-General .
1774. Passage of Quebec Act.
1775. May 1 , Quebec Act takes effect.
American Revolution and in
vasion of Canada under Mont
gomery and Arnold. Mont
real taken. December 31,
attack on Quebec repulsed;
death of Montgomery.
1776. Retreat of American forces
from Canada.
1783. September 3, Treaty of Ver
sailles, recognizing American
Independence and regulating
Newfoundland Fisheries.
Kingston founded by U.E.
Loyalists.
1791. Passage of Constitutional Act
by British Parliament; div
ision of Province of Quebec
into Upper and LowerCanada.
1792. First legislatures summoned
in Upper and Lower Canada.
Vancouver Island circumnav
igated by Captain George
Vancouver.
1793. Act passed forbidding importa
tion of slaves into Upper Can
ada.
1794. Jay s Treaty between Great
Britain and the United States
signed.
1811. Foundation of McGill College.
Grant of 74,000,000 acres of
land from Hudson s Bay Co.
to Earl of Selkirk for estab
lishment of Red River Colony.
1812. June 19, war declared against
England by United States.
August 16, capture of Detroit
by General Brock. October
13, battle of Queenston
Heights; death of General
Brock.
1813. June 24, memorable action of
Laura Secord brings about
surrender of American troops
at Beaver Dam. September
10, battle of Lake Erie. Octo
ber 26, battle of Chateau-
guay. November 11, battle
of Chrysler s Farm.
1814. July 25, battle of Lundy s Lane.
September 11, battle of Lake
Champlain. December 24,
Treaty of Ghent makes peace
between England and United
States.
1817. First Treaty with Northwest
Indians.
1818. October 30, London Conven
tion regulating North Ameri
can Fisheries.
1820. Cape Breton re-annexed to
Nova Scotia.
1821
1829
-Commencement of Lachine
Canal.
Foundation of Upper Canada
College. First Welland Canal
opened.
1833. Crossing from Nova Scotia to
England of the Royal William,
the first vessel to cross the
Atlantic entirely by steam.
March 1, Incorporation of
Toronto.
1834
1837
1838
1839
-Outbreak of Rebellion in Upper
and Lower Canada.
-May 29, Lord Durham arrives
at Quebec.
-February 11, Report of Lord
Durham. October 19, Charles
Poulett Thompson (after
wards Lord Sydenham) ar
rives in Canada.
1840. July 23, passage of Act of
Union. July 28, death of
Lord Durham.
1841. February 10, Union of Upper
and Lower Canada. June 13,
the first joint parliament
meets at Kingston. Septem
ber 3, adoption of Baldwin s
resolutions respecting re
sponsible government. Pop
ulation of Upper Canada
455,688; of Lower Canada
(1844), 607,084. September
19, death of Lord Sydenham.
1842. August 9. Ashburton Treaty.
1843. Foundation of Victoria, British
Columbia. ,
20
CHRONOLOGY.
1848. Opening of Navigation of St.
Lawrence Canals.
1849. April 25, rioting in Montreal
over passing of Rebellion
Losses Bill. Vancouver Island
made a Crown colony.
1850. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
1851. Responsible government goes
into effect in Prince Edward
Island.
1852. Commencement of Grand
Trunk Railway.
1854. Abolition of Seigniorial Tenure
in Lower Canada; settlement
of Clergy Reserves question.
June 5, Reciprocity Treaty
with United States.
1855. March 16, Reciprocity Treaty
with U.S. comes into effect.
Incorporation of City of
Ottawa.
1858. Adoption of decimal currency.
Ottawa selected by Queen
Victoria as capital of the
Dominion. Parliamentary
government established in
British Columbia. April,
discovery of gold in British
Columbia.
1860. September 1, corner stone of
Parliament Buildings at Ot
tawa laid by the Prince of
Wales.
1861. Prince Edward Island Land
Commission.
1863. Separate School Act (Canada).
1864. - - September, Convention at
Charlottetown on Union of
Maritime Provinces; October
10, adjourned to Quebec to
consider Union of all British
North American provinces.
1865. February 3, resolution of Legis
lature for address to Her
Majesty praying that act may
be passed for the Union of the
B.N.A. provinces. October,
transfer of seat of govern
ment from Quebec to Ottawa.
1866. March 17, termination of
Reciprocity Treaty by the
United States. May 31, in
vasion of Canada by Fenians.
June 8, the Legislature of
Canada meets in new Parlia
ment Buildings at Ottawa.
August 11, address to Her
Majesty the Queen, embody
ing resolutions providing for
the local governments and
legislatures of Lower and
Upper Canada, respectively,
under proposed Union of
B.N.A. provinces. Novem
ber 17, Union of Vancouver
Island with British Columbia.
1867. February 10, passing of British
North America Act. July 1,
Proclamation of the Union;
Dominion Day established.
1868. April 7, assassination at Ottawa
of D Arcy McGee. July 31,
Rupert s Land Act.
1869. Red River Rebellion.
1870. May 11, purchase by Dominion
of Hudson s Bay Company s
rights in Rupert s Land,
300,000. July 15, addition
to the Dominion of the North
west Territories and creation
of new province of Manitoba.
September 24, arrival at Fort
Garry of Col. \Volseley s
expedition. Collapse of Re
bellion.
1871. May 8, Treaty of Washington.
July 20, admission of British
Columbia to Confederation.
1873. July 1, admission of Prince
Edward Island to Confedera
tion.
1875. A Lieut. -Governor appointed
for Rupert s Land and the
Northwest Territories.
1876. Opening of the Intercolonial
Railway from Quebec to
Halifax. Establishment of
Royal Military College at
Kingston.
1877. First exportation of wheat from
Manitoba to Great Britain.
1878. November, arrival of Marquis
of Lome as Governor-General
accompanied by H. R. H.
Princess Louise.
1879. Adoption of the "National
Policy."
1880. British possessions on the
North American continent
annexed to Canada. May 11,
first High Commissioner for
Canada appointed (Sir A. T.
Gait). May 10, death of
Hon. George Brown.
1881. May 2, first sod turned of
Canadian Pacific Railway.
1882. May 8, Provisional Districts of
A s s i niboia, Saskatchewan,
Alberta and Athabasca
created.
21
CHRONOLOGY.
1883. May 30, Sir Charles Tupper
appointed High Commissioner
for Canada, in London.
1884. August 11, settlement of boun
dary between Ontario, and
Manitoba. August 27, Brit
ish Association meets in
Montreal.
1885. March 26, outbreak of second
Northwest Rebellion. No
vember 16, execution of Louis
Riel.
1887. Jubilee of Queen Victoria.
Interprovincial Conference at
Quebec. April 4, first Colo
nial Conference in London.
1888. February 15, signing of Fishery
Treaty at Washington. Aug
ust, rejection of FisheryTreaty
by United States Senate.
1890. Legislature of Northwest Ter
ritories obtains control of all
territorial expenditure. Oc
tober 6, McKinley Tariff Act
came into operation in the
United States.
1891. June 6, death of Sir John A.
Macdonald.
1892. Treaty of Washington (Behring
Sea) providing for arbitra
tion. Boundary Convention
signed between Canada and
United States.
1894. June 28, Colonial Conference
at Ottawa.
1895. Proclamation naming the un
named portions of the North
west Territories as Ungava,
Franklin, Mackenzie and
Yukon Districts.
1896. April 24, Lord Strathcona ap
pointed High Commissioner
for Canada. July 6, bound
aries of Quebec extended to
shores of Hudson Bay. No
vember 24, Behring Sea Com
mission met at Victoria, B.C.
1897. June 22, Diamond Jubilee of
Queen Victoria. Second Col
onial Conference in London.
July 30, commercial treaties
with Belgium and Germany
denounced. August 18, Brit
ish Association meets at
Toronto. December 8, Privy
Council decision upholding
right of Provinces to create
Queen s Counsel.
1898. August 1, Preferential Tariff
- (reduction of 25 p.c. in favour
of Great Britain) comes into
force. August 23, Joint High
Commission meets at Quebec
for adjustment of questions
between Canada and United
States.
1899. October 11, outbreak of the
Boer War. October 30, first
Canadian contingent for ser
vice in South Africa embarks
at Quebec. May 23, first
celebration of Empire Day.
1900. April 26, great fire in Ottawa
and Hull. July 7, British
Preferential Tariff reduced to
two-thirds of the General
Canadian Customs Tariff.
Modus vivendi between Great
Britain and France respect
ing Newfoundland Fisheries.
1901. January 22, death of Queen
Victoria and accession of
King Edward VII. Septem
ber 16, Duke and Duchess of
Cornwall arrive at Quebec.
1903. February 11, Alaskan Bound
ary Treaty ratified by the
United States Senate. Oc
tober 17, Alaskan Boundary
settled (in part).
1905. September 1, creation of new
provinces of Saskatchewan
and Alberta. January 25,
change of government in
Ontario.
1906. June 24, first census of North
west Provinces. September
10, Interprovincial Confer
ence at Ottawa.
1907. March 22, Industrial Disputes
Investigation Act passed.
April 15 -May 14, Third
Colonial Conference in Lon
don. Adjustment of Parlia
mentary representation in
Saskatchewan and Alberta.
New Customs Tariff, includ
ing introduction of Inter
mediate Tariff. August 29,
collapse of Quebec Bridge.
September 19, new Commer
cial Convention with France
signed at Paris. October 17,
establishment of trans-Atlan
tic communication by wireless
telegraphy.
22
CHRONOLOGY.
1908. January 2, establishment of
Ottawa Branch of Royal Mint.
May 4, ratification of Treaty
for demarcation of boundary
between Canada and the
United States. June 21-23,
Bicentenary of Bishop Laval
celebrated at Quebec. July
20-31, Quebec Tercentenary
Celebrations; visit to Que
bec of Prince of Wales, re
presenting the King.
1909. May 19, appointment of Cana
dian Commission of Conserv
ation. July 28, Conference
on Imperial Defence in Lon
don. Establishment of In
ternational Joint Waterways
Commission.
1910. February 1, ratification of
Commercial Treaty with
France. February 1, Inter
national Opium Commission
met at Shanghai. May 4,
passing of Naval Service Bill.
May 6, death of King Edward
VII and accession of King
George V. June 7, death of
Goldwin Smith. September
7, North Atlantic Coast Fish
eries Arbitration award of
the Hague Tribunal. New
trade agreements made with
Germany, Belgium, Holland
and Italy.
1911. January 21, proposals for reci
procity with United States
submitted to the Canadian
Parliament. March 21, Duke
of Connaught appointed Gov
ernor-General of Canada.
May 20-June 20, Imperial
Conference in London. July
11, disastrous forest fires in
Porcupine mining districts.
October 11, electrical energy
generated by Niagara Falls
first used in Canada. Octo
ber 13, the Duke and Duchess
of Connaught land at Quebec.
1912. April 15, loss of the steamship
Titanic. May 15, extension
of the boundaries of Quebec,
Ontario and Manitoba. June
17, judgment delivered by the
Imperial Privy Council on
the marriage question raised
by the Ne Temere Decree.
1913. April 10, Japanese Treaty Act
assented to. June 2, trade
agreement with West Indies
came into force. July 26,
King s Prize at Bisley won by
Canadian. September 1-3,
visit to Montreal of British
Lord Chancellor (Viscount
Haldane). October 4, New
Customs tariff of United
States goes into force.
1914. January 21, death of Lord
Strathcona and Mount Royal,
aged 94. May 29, loss of the
steamship Empress of L eland.
August 3, acquisition by
Canada of two submarines on
the Pacific Coast. War with
Germany, August 4; with
Austria-Hungary, August 12;
and with Turkey, November
5. August 18-22, special war
session of Canadian Parlia
ment. October 16, first Can
adian contingent of over 33,000
troops land at Plymouth,
England. November 1, loss
of 4 Canadian midshipmen by
sinking of H.M.S. Cape of
Good Hope in action off the
coast of Chile.
23
MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA
FROM 1763 TO 1915
CANADA
b a the
Proclamation of !763
% 0*i.
Reproduced by permission of Sir Charles Lucas and the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, Oxford
CANADA IN 1763
THE TWO C&MADAS
under Constitutional ftct of 1791
and
THE MARITIME PROVINCES
Reproduced by permission of Sir Charles Lucas and the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, Oxford
THE TWO CANADAS IN 1791
24
PROVINCE OF CANADA, 1841-1866
CANADA AT CONFEDERATION IN 1867
(Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick)
25
CANADA IN 1870, SHOWING THE NEW PROVINCE OF MANITOBA AND THE
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES AS THEN ORGANIZED
CANADA IN 1873, SHOWING THE ADDITION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (1871)
AND OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (1873)
26
CANADA IN 1905, SHOWING THE NEW PROVINCES OF SASKATCHEWAN AND
ALBERTA AND THE YUKON TERRITORY
CANADA IN 1915, SHOWING THE EXTENSION OF BOUNDARIES OF QUEBEC,
ONTARIO AND MANITOBA, AS EFFECTED IN 1912
27
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES.
General Formation. On the eastern coast of the North American
continent the Appalachian range of mountains gives shape to the
eastern coast of the United States and, extending into Canada, forms
the Gaspe peninsula and the Maritime Provinces. Around Hudson bay
is a V-shaped plateau constituting the Laurentian highland and extend
ing from Labrador down to the St. Lawrence river and thence north
westward to the Arctic ocean. In the west are the Cordillera ranges
of the Pacific coast, extending into British Columbia and the Yukon
territory. They occupy a large area in Canada, and comprise several
parallel ranges. In British Columbia they are over 400 miles in width,
and consist of the Coast range along the coast; the Rocky mountains,
properly so called, and, between them, the Selkirk, Gold, Cariboo,
Cassiar and other ranges. To the north of British Columbia lies the
Yukon territory, including a great mountain area drained by the
Yukon river and the Klondike valley, famous for its gold. West of
the Canadian Yukon lies the United States territory of Alaska. Canada
may further be conveniently divided into five sections: (1) the penin
sula which in Canada includes the Gaspe and the three Maritime
provinces; (2) the lowlands of southern Ontario and southern Quebec,
with the Great Lakes and the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers draining
the interior into the Atlantic ocean; (3) the Central plain; (4) the
Laurentian highland; (5) the western Cordillera.
Mountains. In the western Cordillera are found the highest
mountain ranges and peaks of Canada. In the Yukon territory and
forming part of the St. Elias range, is mount Logan, 19,539 feet, the
highest known point in Canada. In the Rocky mountains are many
peaks rising to heights of 11,000 or 12,000 feet, and mount Robson,
13,700 feet, in the Yellowhead pass, is the highest of that range. The
Selkirk range contains heights of from 9,000 feet to over 11,000 feet.
Waterways. The waterways of Canada constitute one of the most
remarkable of its geographical features. East of the Rocky mountains
the southern part of the Dominion slopes northeastward towards
Hudson bay; and the rivers in the south flow eastward. Thus the
Saskatchewan river, with its northern and southern branches, flows
eastward into lake Winnipeg and thence northward by the Nelson
river into Hudson bay. On the north the Great Plain has a northerly
slope, and the Mackenzie river, with its tributaries, the Slave, Liard,
Athabaska and Peace rivers, flows into the Arctic ocean. The Mac
kenzie, exclusive of its tributaries, but including the Slave, Peace and
Finlay rivers of which it is the continuation, has a total length of 2,525
miles. The Yukon river in the Yukon territory also flows northward,
passing through Alaska into Behring strait after a course of 2,300
miles. In British Columbia, the Fraser, Columbia, Skeena and Stikine
rivers flow into the Pacific ocean.
Drainage Basins.- -The large drainage basins of Canada are the
Atlantic (554,000 square miles), the Hudson bay (1,486,000 square
miles), the Arctic (1,290,000 square miles), the Pacific (387,300 square
miles), and the gulf of Mexico (12,365 square miles). Table 1 gives a
list of the river drainage basins, and Table 2 gives the lengths of the
principal rivers with their tributaries and sub-tributaries.
28
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA
1. Drainage Basins of Canada.
Drainage Basins.
Area
Drained.
Drainage Basins.
Area
Drained.
Atlantic Basin.
Hamilton
Sq. miles.
29,100
Pacific Basin.
Yukon
Sq. miles.
145 800
Miramichi
5,400
Porcupine
24,600
St. John
21,500
Stewart
21,900
St. Lawrence
309,500
Pelly
21,300
Saguenay
35,900
Lewes
35,000
St. Maurice
16,200
White
15,000
French
8,000
Alsek
11,200
Nipigon.
9,000
Taku
7,600
Ottawa
56,700
Stikine
20,300
Lievre
3,500
Naas
7,400
Gatineau
9,100
Skeena .
19,300
Eraser
91,700
Total
554,000
Thompson
21,800
Nechaco
15,700
Hudson Bay Basin.
Blackwater
5,600
Chilcotin
7,500
Koksoak
62 400
Columbia
39,300
George
20 000
Kootenay
15,500
Big
26 300
***& _
Eastmain
25,500
Total
387,300
Rupert
15 700
Broadback
9 800
Arctic Basin
Nottaway .
29 800
Moose
42,100
Backs
47,500
Abitibi
11 300
Coppermine
29,100
Missinaibi
10,600
Mackenzie
682,000
Albany .
59 800
Liard
1,700
Kenogami .
20 700
Hay
25,700
Attawapiskat
18 700
Peace
117,100
Winisk
24,100
Athabaska.
58,900
Severn
38 600
Nelson
370 800
Total
1,290,000.
Winnipeg .
44 000
English .
20 600
Gulf of Mexico Basin
12,365
Red
63 400
Assiniboine
52 600
Saskatchewan
158 800
N. Saskatchewan
54 700
S. Saskatchewan
65 500
Red Deer
18 300
Bow
11 100
Belly
8 900
Churchill
115 500
Kazan
32 700
Dubawnt
58 500
Total
1,486 000
NOTE. Owing to overlapping, the totals of each drainage basin do not represent an addition of the
drainage areas as given. Tributaries and sub-tributaries are indicated by indentation of the names.
29
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES.
2. Lengths of Principal Rivers and Tributaries in Canada.
Names.
Miles.
Names.
Miles.
Flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
Hamilton (to head of Ashuanipi)
Natashkwan
Romaine
Moisie
St. Marguerite
St. John.
Miramichi
St. Lawrence (to head of St.
Louis)
Manikugan
Outarde
Bersimis
Saguenay (to head of Peri-
bonka)
Peribonka
Mistassini
Ashwapmuchuan
Chaudiere
St. Maurice I
Mattawin
St. Francis
Richelieu
Ottawa
North
Rouge
North Nation
Lievre
Gatineau
Coulonge
Dumoine
South Nation
Mississippi
Madawaska
Petawawa
Moira
Trent
Grand
Thames
French (to head of Sturgeon)...
Sturgeon
Spanish
Mississagi
Thessalon
Nipigon (to head of Ombabika)
Flowing into the Hudson Bay.
Nelson (to Lake Winnipeg)
Nelson (to head of Bow)
Red (to head of lake Traverse)
Red (to head of Sheyenne) . . .
Assiniboine
Souris
Qu Appelle
350
220
270
210
130
390
135
1,900
310
270
240
405
280
185
165
120
325
100
165
210
685
70
115
60
205
240
135
80
90
105
130
95
60
150
140
135
180
110
153
140
40
130
1
390
,660
355
545
450
450
270
Flowing into the Hudson Bay-
concluded.
Winnipeg (to head of Firesteel)
English
Saskatchewan (to head of Bow)
North Saskatchewan
South Saskatchewan (to head
of Bow)
Bow
Belly
Red Deer
Churchill
Beaver
Kazan
Dubawnt
Severn
Winisk
Attawapiskat
Albany (to head of Cat river)
Moose (to head of Mattagami).. .
Mattagami
Abitibi
Missinaibi
Harricanaw
Nottaway (to head of Waswanipi)
Waswanipi
Rupert
Eastmain
Big
Great Whale
Leaf
Koksoak (to head of Kaniapiskau)
Kaniapiskau
George
Flowing into the Pacific Ocean.
Columbia (total)
Columbia (in Canada)
Kootenay
Fraser
Thompson < (to head of North
Thompson)
North Thompson
South Thompson
Chilcotin .
Blackw r ater
Nechaco
Stuart
Skeena
X.-tss
Stikine
Alsek
Yukon (mouth to head of Nisutlin"
Yukon (Int. boundary to head oi
Nisutlin)
475
330
1,205
760
865
315
180
385
1,000
305
455
580
420
295
465
610
340
275
340
265
250
400
190
380
375
520
365
205
535
445
365
1,150
465
400
695
270
185
120
145
140
255
220
335
205
335
260
1,765
655
30
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
2. Lengths of Principal Rivers and Tributaries in Canada concluded.
JNames.
Flowing into the Pacific Ocean-
concluded.
Stewart
White
Felly
Macmillan
Lewes .
Flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
Mackenzie (to head of Finlay. . . .
Peel
Arctic Rod.
Miles.
32C
185
33C
200
338
2,525
365
230
Names.
Flowing into the Arctic Ocean-
concluded.
Liard
Fort Nelson
Athabaska
Pembina
Slave
Peace (to head of Finlay)
Finlay
Parsnip
Smoky
Little Smoky
Coppermine
Backs.
Miles.
1
550
260
765
210
265
,065
250
145
245
185
525
605
NOTE. In the above table the tributaries and sub-tributaries are indicated by indentation of the
names. Thus the Ottawa and other rivers are shown to be tributary to the St. Lawrence, and the
Gatineau and other rivers as tributary to the Ottawa.
St. Lawrence River System. Most important of the lakes and
rivers in Canada is the chain of the Great Lakes with their connecting
rivers, the St. Lawrence river and its tributaries. This chain is called
the St. Lawrence River System. The Great Lakes, separating the
province of Ontario from the United States and connected by a series
of artificial canals with the St. Lawrence river, allow of access from the
Atlantic ocean to the interior of the Dominion at Fort William and
Port Arthur, twin cities situated at the head of lake Superior.
The Great Lakes. Table 3 shows the length, breadth, areas and
elevation above sea-level of each of the Great Lakes.
3. Area and Elevation of the Great Lakes.
Lakes.
Length.
Breadth.
Area.
Elevation
above
Sea-level.
Superior . .
Miles.
354
Miles.
162
Sq. Miles.
31,800
Feet.
602
Michigan
316
118
22,400
581
Huron
207
101
23,200
581
St. Clair
26
24
445
575
Erie
239
59
19,000
572
Ontari^. .
193
53
7,260
246
Lake Superior, with its area of 31,800 square miles, is the largest
body of fresh water in the world. As the international boundary between
Canada and the United States passes through the centre of lakes Sup
erior, Huron, Erie and Ontario, only half of the areas of these lakes
given in the above statement is Canadian. The whole of lake Michigan
is within United States territory. From the western end of lake
Superior to the mouth of the St. Lawrence there is, with the aid of the
canal system, a continuous navigable waterway. The total length of
31
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES.
the St. Lawrence river from the head of the St. Louis river to the Pointe-
des-Monts, at the entrance to the gulf of St. Lawrence, is 1,900 miles
The tributaries of the St. Lawrence, several of which have themselves
important tributaries, include the Ottawa river, 750 miles long; the
St. Maurice river, 400 miles long; and the Saguenay, 100 miles long.
Other Inland Waters. In addition to the Great Lakes there are
large bodies of inland water in other parts of Canada. Of these only the
following principal lakes with their respective areas need be mentioned
here: in Quebec, Lake Mistassini (975 square miles); in Ontario, lake
Nipigon (1,730 square miles); in Manitoba, lake Winnipeg (9,457
square miles) ; lake Winnipegosis (2,086 square miles) and lake Manitoba
(1,817 square miles); in Saskatchewan, Reindeer lake (2,437 square
miles); in Alberta, lake Athabaska (2,482 square miles). All these are
within the boundaries of the provinces as at present constituted, and
are exclusive of lakes situated in the Northwest Territories, as, for in
stance, the Great Bear lake (11,821 square miles) and the Great Slave
lake (10,719 square miles) in the Mackenzie District.
Table 4 gives a list of the principal lakes of Canada by provinces,
with the area of each in square miles.
4. Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
Nova Scotia
Brasd Or
Square
Miles.
230
130
Quebec (con.)
Megantic
Square
Miles.
14
649
28
56
975
206
56
9
56
50
131
5
44
47
100
138
46
13
59
350
56
130
53
12
65
Little Bras d Or
Melville, part
New Brunswick
Grand
Memphremagog, portion in
Quebec
360
74
25
319
331
8
171
56
3
138
231
59
125
57
87
65
117
16
113
87
Menihek, part
Mistassini
Quebec
Abitibi, part
Mistassinis
Nemiskau
Nomining
Obatogamau
Ashuanipi .
Olga
Attikonak
Ossokmanuan
Aylmer . ,
Papineau
Baskatong.
Patamisk
Burnt
Petitsikapau, part . . .
Champlain, portion in Quebec
Chibouganau
Pipmaukin
Pletipi . .
Evans
Quinze, Lac des
Expanse
St. Francis, Beauce county. . .
St. Francis river, St. Law
rence, part
Gull
Grand Victoria
Ishimanikuagan
St. John
Kakabonga
St. Louis
Kipawa .
St. Peter. .
Matapedia
Sandgirt, part .
Manouan
Simon . .
Mattagami
Timiskaming part
32
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA
4. Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces con.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
Quebec (con.)-
Temiscouata. . . .
Thirty-one Mile
Two Mountains .
Wakonichi
Waswanipi
Whitefish.
Ontario
Abitibi
Bald
Balsam
Buckhorn
Cameron
Couchiching
Deer
Dog
Eagle
Erie, portion in Ontario
George, portion in Ontario. . .
Huron, including Georgian
bay, portion in Ontario ....
La Croix, portion in Ontario. .
Long
Manitou, Manitou island
Mille Lacs, Lac de
Mud
Muskoka
Namakau, portion in Ontario
Nipigon
Nipissing
Ontario, portion in Ontario. . .
Panache
Pigeon
Rainy, portion in Ontario ....
Rice
St. Clair, portion in Ontario. .
St. Francis, river St. Law
rence, part
St. Joseph, part
Saganaga, portion in Ontario
Seul, part
Simcoe
Scugog
Stony
Sturgeon, English river
Sturgeon, Victoria county. . .
Superior, portion in Ontario.
Temagami
Timiskaming, part
Wanapitai
Woods, lake of the, part ir
Ontario .
Square
Miles.
29
23
63
44
100
19
5,480
331
2
17
14
6
19
7
61
128
5,019
11
14,331
23
75
38
104
13
54
19
1,730
330
3,727
35
15
260
27
257
24
24
122
21
196
271
391
19
106
18
11,178
90
52
45
1,325
40,159
Manitoba-
Dauphin
Dog ...
Ebb-and-flow
Manitoba
St. Martin
Shoal
Swan
Waterhen
Winnipeg, part
Winnipegosis, part
Woods, lake of the, part.
Saskatchewan
Amisk
Athabaska, part
Buffalo
Candle
Chaplin
Cree
Cumberland
Dove
He a la Crosse
Johnston
Last Mountain
Little Quill
Manitou
Montreal
Nameu, part
Plonge, Lac la
Quill
Red Deer on Red Deer river.
Reindeer, part
Ronge, Lac la
White Loon
Witchikan
W T ollaston .
Alberta
Athabaska, part
Beaver
Biche, Lac la. . .
BUffalo
Claire
Lesser Slave. . . .
Pakowoki
Sullivan.
Square
Miles.
200
64
39
1,817
125
102
84
83
5,525
1,306
60
9,405
111
1,801
281
150
66
406
166
242
187
131
98
70
67
138
54
383
163
97
2,302
343
97
70
906
8,329
1,041
89
125
55
404
480
72
94
2,360
33
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES.
4. Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces concluded.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
Names of Lakes.
Areas.
British Columbia
Adams
Square
Miles.
52
331
306
172
122
220
64
135
98
147
124
220
135
91
123
99
Xorthwest Territories con.
Melville, part
Square
Miles.
649
56
735
612
122
552
12
208
184
306
343
747
331
47
224
86
86
134
269
123
53
245
123
58
196
1,531
184
208
134
233
270
83
3,934
780
858
Atlin part
Menihek, part
Babine .
Minto
Chilko
Mishikamau
Harrison
Mishikamats
Kootenay
Moose
Lower Arrow
Nameu, part
Okanatran
Nichikun
Owikano
North Indian
Quesnel
Nueltin
Shuswap
Nutavawit
Stuart
Payne
Tacla
Pelly.
Tagish part
Petiesikapau, part
Tpslin nart
Playgreen
Upper Arrow
Reed
Northwest Territories-
Aberdeen
Red Deer, west of lake Winni-
pegosis
2,439
514
392
90
612
1,029
284
478
674
141
1,654
625
122
980
319
245
674
11,821
10,719
392
306
551
368
441
69
122
98
220
318
490
1,225
980
Reindeer part
Richmond
St. Joseph, part
Anmkiffamish
Sandgirt, part
A t ; i |{ arn p (r
Sandy
Aylmer
Schultz
Baker
Setting
Cpdar
Seul, part
f^lpnTwa fpr
South Indian
C]\ i n t on -C! ol d pn
Thaolintoa
Cormorant
Todatara
Dubawnt
Trout English river
Eta wnpv
Trout Severn river
Franklin
Upper Seal
Garrv
Wekusko
Gods
Winnipeg, part
Groat Lone?
Winnipegosis, part
Gras Lap dp
Yathkyed
Great Bear
Yukon
Aishihik
51,669
107
12
184
56
87
32
48
123
Great Slave
Granville
Indian House
Tal stnH
TCnTmrniTi ak
Atlin, part
T^~ Q~m Q Til Q K PI!
Kluane
Kiskitto
Kusawa
Laberge
T^i <aki ttno i Qn
Marsh
T j^nQflnwTiP
Tagish, part
T iO \\7PT* i^PR 1
Teslin, part
Macdougall
Canada
649
120,924
Maguse
^Vlartre LEG la
A/Tnpl^n v
34
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
Islands.- -The northern and western coasts of Canada are skirted
by clusters of islands. Those on the north are mostly within the Arctic
circle. On the west Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands are the
largest and most important. On the east, besides the separate island
colony of Newfoundland, there are the Cape Breton Island, forming
part of the province of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, forming one
of the nine provinces of Canada, the Magdalen Islands and the island
of Anticosti. To the south of Newfoundland are the two small islands
of St. Pierre and Miquelon belonging to France. In lake Huron is
the island of Manitoulin and the so-called Thirty Thousand Islands of
Georgian Bay. In the St. Lawrence river, just below lake Ontario,
are the picturesque Thousand Islands.
GEOLOGY IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE IN CANADA.
By WYATT MALCOLM, Department of Mines, Ottawa.
The agricultural possibilities of any country are dependent upon
the character of the soil and on the physiographic features. Both of
these are closely related to the geology and geological history of the
country.
Soils. Soil, strictly speaking, consists of but a thin surface layer of
loose material containing humus, derived from the decomposition of
organic matter and other compounds suitable for plant growth. The
great proportion of both the soil and the subsoil consists of mineral
matter. From the mineral constituents are derived potash and
phosphoric acid, two of the chief compounds essential to the growth
of vegetation. The mineral constituents are derived from rocks that
through various processes have been decomposed into incoherent
particles. Soils may be wholly residual, that is, they may consist of
material derived from the decay of immediately underlying rocks ; or
they may consist of transported material or of a mixture of residual
and transported material.
The level, hilly or mountainous character of the country is depend
ent on the nature of the rocks and on the processes of uplift, folding
and erosion to which they have been subjected. Sedimentary rocks
like sandstones and shales yield readily to the action of such destruc
tive agents as variations of temperature, frost, rain, wind, running
water and ice, and of chemical processes such as oxidation, hydration
and carbonation. The harder rocks, on the other hand, such as
quartzites, slates and granites are more resistant; mountains composed
of these are therefore more slowly subdued than are those composed
of sandstones and shales.
Agricultural Regions.- -The portion of Canada, the climatic con
ditions of which are favourable to agriculture, may be divided into
five great regions:
1. The Laurentian plateau, consisting of the vast upland surround
ing Hudson bay and underlain chiefly by igneous rocks, such as
granite, together with a less amount of hardened sediments.
Ed
5
Ed
Ed
o
>-
Ed
-
Z,
Ed
H
<
-
-
Ed
tt
-
<
-
r
O
1
35
GEOLOGY IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE IN CANADA
2. The Appalachian region, occupying the Maritime Provinces
and eastern Quebec and underlain by folded sediments and igneous
rocks.
3. The St. Lawrence lowlands of southern Quebec and southern
Ontario underlain by nearly horizontal sediments.
4. The Plain region of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
underlain by flat-lying sediments.
5. The Cordilleran region, the mountainous region extending from
the Rocky mountains to the Pacific coast and underlain by folded
sediments and igneous rocks.
These five regions have all been exposed to weathering for a long
time. The Laurentian plateau is the oldest land area of any great
extent in Canada.
During the long ages that this Laurentian continent has been
exposed, the area to the southeast, south and west has been sub
merged for long periods beneath the sea, and great thicknesses of
sandstones, shales, and limestones have been laid down. These
sediments have been elevated subsequently above sea level, certain
sections such as southwestern Quebec, southern Ontario and the
plains of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta rising so gently as to
produce little disturbance of the rock strata; while in eastern Quebec,
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and British Columbia the strata have
been folded and crushed into mountain ranges and intruded by igneous
rocks.
The soils derived from these rocks by long subjection to decompos
ing agencies were greatly disturbed in recent times by glaciation.
Nearly the whole of Canada was covered by ice, which in the southern
part of the country had a general southerly movement. The result
of the glaciation was that great stretches of country were denuded of
soil, and other areas received accessions of a great quantity of trans
ported material. Towards the close of the Glacial period the outlets
of many depressions were closed by lobes of the retreating glaciers and
became filled with water. These lakes formed areas for the deposition
of fine sediments, such as clay and silt, and on the final melting of the
glaciers large stretches of level fertile land remained.
Laurentian Plateau.- -The most extensive physiographic unit of
Canada is the subdued Laurentian plateau. This is a gently sloping
plateau of rather even surface, comparatively low and seldom rising
2,000 feet above the sea. The hills breaking the even surface rise but
a few hundred feet at most above the general level.
It is a great U-shaped area surrounding Hudson bay and extends
from the Atlantic ocean, on the Labrador coast, west to a line running
northwest through Lake Winnipeg, Lake Athabaska, Great Slave
lake and Great Bear lake. It extends south to Lake Huron and
Lake Superior, and occupies nearly all the provinces of Ontario and
Quebec, except the area southwest of a line running from Kingston to
Georgian bay, that part of eastern Ontario forming the angle between
the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers, and that part of Quebec south of
St. Lawrence river.
36
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
This plateau is underlain by hardened sediments and igneous
rocks. The latter are much more widespread than the former, and
granitic types predominate. The rocks of this region are among the
oldest rocks of which geologists have any knowledge. They are very
resistant, and although they have been exposed to weathering since
very early in the earth s history the inequalities in the surface features
have not been wholly reduced. These inequalities have been aug
mented by glacial action. A further effect of glaciation was the
denuding of much of this region of its soil. Generally speaking,
therefore, the physiographic and soil conditions are not favourable to
agricultural pursuits. Over a great part of the area, however, suf
ficient soil has been retained to support a forest growth, although
insufficient for agriculture, and it is to be regretted that large
stretches of such land have been depleted of their forests and have
become dreary, barren wastes.
Within the plateau there are valleys where areas of softer rock
have afforded a greater abundance of soil that has not been removed
by glaciation, and beautiful cultivated fields lend a pleasing contrast
to the surrounding forest. In places the sediments deposited in the
basins of glacial lakes have reduced the inequalities of the surface and
produced large level areas of arable land. Interesting examples of
these are furnished by the Clay Belt of northern Ontario and Quebec,
traversed by the Grand Trunk Pacific railway, and by the flat section
of country along the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway a few
miles north of Sudbury.
Appalachian Region.- -The Appalachian region occupies the hilly
part of southeastern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. Here
during remote geological ages the sedimentary beds of limestone,
sandstone and shale that had been deposited beneath the sea were
folded into mountain ranges, and were much altered and hardened
and intruded by igneous rocks. During long succeeding ages these
mountains have been subdued, and little is left that may be regarded
as mountains except the Notre Dame range of Quebec with a general
elevation of 1,000 to 2,000 feet and with peaks rising above 3,500
feet, the broken hilly country of the northwestern part of New Bruns
wick, a section of this province bordering the Bay of Fundy and a
central ridge in Nova Scotia.
In the ordinary processes of erosion much of the loosened material
resulting from rock decay was carried seaward, and in recent times
glaciation denuded a great deal of the more elevated sections of
country, leaying barely enough soil to support a forest growth.
In some places sediments have been deposited subsequently to
the great folding processes of earlier ages; they are unaltered, easily
attacked by weathering agencies and are overlain by an ample depth
of soil. The soils of Prince Edward Island, the Annapolis-Cornwallis
valley and other sections are derived from these sandstones and shales
of later deposition, the shales producing the clayey constituents and
the sandstones yielding the sand that renders the soil porous and
tillable. Calcareous slates have in places, such as in Carleton and
York counties, New Brunswick, broken down into fertile soils. In
37
GEOLOGY IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE IN CANADA
eastern Quebec sufficient soil has been retained in the valleys to render
the land arable.
The great fertility of the reclaimed marshes of Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick is due to the fine silt deposited by the tides by which
they were formerly submerged.
St. Lawrence Lowlands.- -The St. Lawrence lowlands consist of
the generally level, arable land south of the Laurentian plateau. This
lies on both sides of the St. Lawrence above Quebec, reaching south
to the international boundary, occupies the eastern part of Ontario,
east of a line running southward from a point about 50 miles west of
Ottawa, and forms that portion of Ontario lying southwest of a line
extending from Kingston to Georgian bay.
These lowlands are among the most fertile of Canada s agricul
tural sections. They are underlain by flat-lying shales and limestones
which yield readily to weathering. The physiographic features are
favourable, and the residual material derived from the decomposition
of limestones and shales results in a fertile, calcareous, clayey soil.
The loose surface deposits are of great depth, in places exceeding
200 feet.
The lowlands were overridden by the great glacier. This glacia-
tion, however, had apparently slight denuding effect on this part
of the country, but served to mix the loose materials resulting from
the weathering of the shales and limestones, and contributed the
potash-bearing ingredients transported from the granitic areas of the
Laurentian plateau.
In some sections, as in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, sedimenta
tion took place in large lakes produced by the blocking of the outlets
of the present lake basins by lobes of the retreating glacier. Recent
sedimentation took- place also over southwestern Quebec and
eastern Ontario during submergence beneath the sea about the close
of the Glacial period.
Plain Region. The plains of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
are underlain by nearly flat-lying shales and sandstones. These have
weathered down into the clays and clay loams that have made the
plains one of the great wheat-producing districts of the world. This
part of Canada was also subjected to glaciation, but the great pro
portion of the surface deposits is derived from the underlying rocks.
Some large stretches of the Plains region were submerged by
glacial lakes in which fine silts and clays carried down from the sur
rounding land and introduced by glacial streams were deposited.
Such is the very fertile Red River valley. This is a part of the bed
of a great lake that extended from the Laurentian plateau west to
the Manitoba escarpment; it reached southward into the United
States and northward 100 miles beyond Lake Winnipeg.
The great fertility of the prairie provinces is due in part to the
mineral constituents of the soil and in part to the great accumulation
of nitrogenous organic matter, the remains of ages of vegetable growth.
Cordilleran Region.- -The Cordilleran region, extending from the
Rocky mountains to the Pacific ocean, is underlain by igneous rocks
of various kinds and by sediments that have been folded into mountain
38
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
ranges and much altered. The whole region remains mountainous,
though the interior section is reduced to an elevated plateau. Agri
cultural pursuits are therefore limited to the valleys. In these there
are numerous terraces composed of silt carried down by streams
issuing from former glaciers, the latter acting as eroding agents on the
underlying rocks. These valley deposits are fertile and are well
adapted to fruit culture. The soil of the lower Fraser is a heavier
soil and consists chiefly of alluvium.
Thus is Canada s rich heritage in green forests and broad waving
fields of grain the result of the geological processes of ages. Nature
in her sterner moods produced those great upheavals, foldings and
crushings of the earth s crust that resulted in the rugged and uneven
stretches of country suited to the growth of forests; in her kindlier
moments she slowly and gently and with little disturbance elevated
above the sea the level or slightly undulating areas so well adapted to
agriculture. Ages before man appeared upon the earth had the
geological processes already determined what his pursuits should be
and where they should be carried on.
FLORA AND FAUNA. 1
By JAMES MACOUN, C.M.G., F.L.S., Assistant Botanist and Naturalist,
Department of Mines, Ottawa.
Arctic Zone. Canada, for the purpose of this sketch, may be
roughly divided into three zones, the Arctic, the Canadian and the.
Transition, the Hudsonian zone being included in the first two, and the
northern limit of trees serving to define the southern boundary of the
Arctic zone. The great majority of the plants of the Arctic zone are
circumpolar in their distribution, the species of the extreme north being
practically identical with those of the same latitudes of Europe and
Asia. The chief breeding grounds of nearly all the waders and of the
larger game birds, with the exception of the grouse family, are in the
Arctic zone, though many stragglers nest further south. The ptarmigan
is the only game bird inhabiting the region during the winter months.
The characteristic mammals are the arctic fox and hare, the polar bear,
the barren-ground caribou, the musk ox and the lemming.
Canadian Zone.- -The Canadian zone, as the term is used here,
includes the sub-Arctic forest, and extends from northern Quebec north
westerly across the continent to the Mackenzie river; parts of New Bruns
wick and Nova Scotia may also be included in this zone. Spruce,
poplar, birch and jack pine are the characteristic trees, and the flora
exhibits so little variety that at least 90 per cent, of the species collected
in one locality would be found in any other. It is from this zone that
the bulk of the pulpwood is now being taken and will be taken in the
future; and the sub-Arctic forest is the natural home of all Canadian
big game and fur-bearing animals, except the Arctic species and these
found in the Rocky mountains and British Columbia, the antelope
alone being peculiar to the prairie region. Elk, mccse, woodland
: The illustrations for this article were furnished by the Dominion Parks
Branch of the Department of the Interior.
39
FLORA AND FAUNA.
caribou and one or other of the true deer are now found in, or in recent
times ranged over nearly
the whole region, and it is
in this zone that the black
bear, beaver, otter, marten,
mink, ermine and fox are
found in the greatest
abundance. Grouse may
be seen anywhere, and the
lakes and streams teem
with food fishes.
Transition Zone. What
is here called the Transi
tion zone is so varied in
character that it must be
dealt with more in detail.
The literal flora of the
Atlantic coast is almost
identical with that of the
Pacific coast; but the
plants of the forest are
widely different, although
it should be noted that
many species found on the
mountains of Gaspe also
occur in British Columbia. From Prince Edward Island to Lake Huron
the Transition zone includes all the so-called " hardwoods," beech, maple,
RED DEER IN WAIN WRIGHT PARK, ALBERTA.
BUFFALO BULL IN ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK, BANFF, ALBERTA.
40
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA.
ash, oak, hickory, elm and yellow birch being economically the most
important and of the widest distribution. In southern Ontario the
sycamore, the tulip-tree and the magnolia, with many species of plants,
notably Opuntia on Pelee Point, are of the Carolinian zone, and indicate
a warmer climate. Many species of birds and small mammals not
found elsewhere in Canada also occur in this region. From Lake Huron
to the prairies the flora and fauna are of the Canadian zone, but from
thence westward the flora gradually changes until in the southern parts
of Saskatchewan and Alberta it is only along streams and in marshes
that many species are seen which occur in the wooded districts. The
prairie flora of eastern Manitoba includes a large number of species
not found farther west, but very few of these are true prairie plants.
Nearly all of them are found south of the Canadian zone in eastern
Ontario, showing them clearly to be survivors from the period when the
whole of Manitoba was wooded. That they are entirely replaced farther
west by characteristic prairie species indicates the greater age of the
western prairies. The flora of the prairies of the lower Peace river region
is very like that of Manitoba, and a herd of several hundred buffalo
still finds its home there. Parts of southwestern Saskatchewan and
southern Alberta are clearly referable to the Sonoran zone. The rainfall
is light, alkali lakes and marshes are frequent, and the flora and fauna
resemble that of Arizona or New Mexico. The larger mammals of the
prairie region antelope, badger, skunk, coyotes, kit fox and wolves
are nowhere very abundant, and are not of great fur value. Geese,
ducks and prairie chicken abound; only few fish inhabit the lakes and
streams; suckers and jack-fish are the principal species.
British Columbia. The
flora of the highest moun
tains of British Columbia is
essentially Arctic in its char
acter, but the general alpine
flora varies greatly with the
longitude. On the eastern
slopes of the Rockies it re
sembles that of Montana and
Wyoming, while in the humid
Coast range Alaskan species
predominate. The dry plat
eaus of the interior exhibit
many species of the Sonoran
zone, and in the Okanagan
region, where the rainfall is
light, the flora is comparable
with that of the arid parts
of southern Alberta. Though
sometimes specifically dis
tinct, the same mammalian
genera inhabit the whole of
British Columbia, sheep,
goats, deer and grizzly bear
YOUNG MOUNTAIN GOAT AT ELEVATION OF
being the most important. 9 ooo FEET.
41
FLORA AND FAUNA.
There are few game birds but grouse, except near the coast. Trout of
several species are found in all the lakes and streams.
Vancouver Island.- -The flora and fauna of Vancouver Island differ
little from those of the adjacent mainland, except about Victoria and
on the islands in the Gulf of Georgia, where many species are found
that do not grow elsewhere in Canada. Some of these are character
istic of the Calif ornian flora and are not found in Washington or Oregon.
The Yukon district may in some respects be considered as a continua
tion of the Canadian zone, almost wholly so as regards the general
fauna. Many species of plants and some genera are, however, peculiar
to the district. This is supposed to be due to the fact that much of
the area has escaped glaciation.
III. AREA AND POPULATION.
Area by Provinces and Territories. Table 1 shows the total area
of the Dominion in land and water and the distribution into provinces
and territories:
1. Land and Water Area of Canada by Provinces and Territories.
Provinces.
Land.
Water.
Total Land
and Water.
Prince Edward Island
sq. miles.
2,184
sq. miles.
sq. miles.
2 184
Nova Scotia
21,068
360
21 428
New Brunswick
27,911
74
27 985
Quebec
690,865
15 969
706 834
Ontario
365,880
41,382
407 262
Manitoba
231,926
19,906
251 832
Saskatchewan
243,382
8,318
251,700
Alberta
252,925
2,360
255 285
British Columbia
353,416
2,439
355 855
Yukon
206,427
649
207 076
Northwest Territories
1,207,926
34,298
1,242, 21 t
Total
3,603,910
125,755
3,729,665
The water area is exclusive of Hudson Bay, Ungava Bay, the Bay
of Fundy, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and all other tidal waters, except
ing that portion of the River St. Lawrence which is between Pointe-
des-Monts in Saguenay and the foot of Lake St. Peter in Quebec.
Increase of Population. According to the corrected returns of the
fifth Census, the total population on June 1, 1911, was 7,206,643,
representing an increase of 1,835,328 since the previous Census of
April 1, 1901. For the period covered, the rate of increase, viz.,
34.17 p.c., is the largest in the world, and is due to the heavy tide of
immigration which set in with the beginning of the present century.
The countries next in order, in respect of the percentage rates of in
crease during the same decade, are: New Zealand 30.5, the United
States 21, Germany 15.2, Holland 14.8, Switzerland 13.2, Denmark
12.6, Belgium 10.9, Austria 9.3, United Kingdom 9.1, Hungary 8.5,
42
AREA AND POPULATION.
Sweden 7.5, Italy and Norway 6.8 and France 1.6. Ontario and
Quebec continue to be the most largely populated of the nine provinces,
the former having 2,523,274 and the latter 2,003,232 inhabitants.
None of the other provinces has yet reached half a million; but
Saskatchewan has the third largest population with 492,432. All
the provinces show an increase since 1901, excepting Prince Edward
Island, where the population has decreased by 9,531, or 9.23 p.c.
The Yukon and Northwest Territories, with relatively sparse popu
lations, show decreases as compared with 1901. The greatest relative
increase is in the western provinces, especially in Saskatchewan and
Alberta. The population of Saskatchewan, 492,432, as compared
with 91,279 in 1901, shows an increase of 401,153, or over 439 p.c.
Alberta has grown from 73,022 in 1901 to 374,663 in 1911, an increase
of 301,641, or 413 p.c. Manitoba, 455,614, shows an increase of
200,403 from 255,211, or 78.5 p.c., and British Columbia one of
213,823, or over 119 p.c., the population having grown from 178,657
in 1901 to 392,480 in 1911.
Average Density. The average density of the population works
out to 1.93 per square mile, calculated upon the total of 3,729,665
square miles, as shown in Table 1. This figure may be compared
with the Density per square mile of other new countries, as, for in
stance, the United States 30.69, the Argentine Republic 5.99, the
Commonwealth of Australia 1.53, the Dominion of New Zealand 9.63
and Newfoundland 1.47. Prince Edward Island has a density of
42.91, Nova Scotia of 22.98, New Brunswick of 12.61, Ontario of
9.67, Manitoba of 6.18 and Quebec of 5.69. The other three prov
inces, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, are each below
2 per square mile.
2. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in the years 1871-81-91-
1901-11.
Provinces.
1871.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Prince Edward Island
94,021
108,891
109,078
103,256
93,728
Nova Scotia .
387,800
440,572
450,396
459,574
492,338
New Brunswick
285,594
321,233
321,263
331,120
351,889
Quebec
1,191,516
1,359,027
1,488,535
1,648,898
2,003,232
Ontario
1,620,851
1,926,922
2,114,321
2,182,947
2,523,274
Manitoba
25,228
62,260
152,506
255,211
455,614
Saskatchewan
91,279
492,432
Alberta
^^
73,022
374,663
British Columbia
36,247
49,459
98,173
178,657
392,480
Yukon
27,219
8,512
Northwest Territories
48,000
56,446
98,967
20,129
18,481
Totals for Canada ....
3,689,257
4,324,810
4,833,239
5,371,315
7,206,643
43
POPULATION.
3.
Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in 1871 and 1911 and increase
in each decade from 1871 to 1911.
Provinces.
Popula
tion
in
1871.
Increase in each decade 1871 to!911. Popula- Increase
1871
to
1881.
1881
to
1891.
1891
to
1901.
lion is/i
1901 in to
to 1911. 1911.
1911.
Pr. Ed. Island...
Nova Scotia. . . .
New Brunswick.
Quebec
94,021
387,800
285,594
1,191,516
1,620,851
25,228
36,247
48,000
14,870
52,772
35,639
167,511
306,071
37,032
13,212
8,446
187
9,824
30
129,508
187,399
90,246
48,714
42,521
-5,819
9,178
9,857
160,363
68,626
102,705
91,279
73,022
80,484
27,219
-78,838
-9,531 93,728 -293
32,764 492,338 104,538
20,769 351,889 66,295
354,334 2,003,232 811,716
340,327 2,523.274 902,423
200,403 455,614 430,386
401,153 492,432 492,432
301,641 374,663 374,663
213,823 392,480 356,233
-18,707 8,512 8,512
-1,648 18,481 -29,519
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan . .
Alberta
Brit. Columbia.
Yukon
Northwest
Territories . . .
Totals for Canada
3,689,257
635,553
508,429
538,076
1,835,328 7,206,643 3,517,386
4. Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories, 1901 and 1911.
Provinces.
1901.
1911.
Increase.
Increase,
p.c.
Prince Edward Island
103,259
93,728
-9,531
-9 23
Nova Scotia
459,574
492 338
32 764
7 13
New Brunswick
331,120
351,889
20,769
6 27
Quebec .
1,648,898
2,003,232
354,334
21 49
Ontario
2,182,947
2,523,274
340.327
15 58
Manitoba. . . .
255,211
455,614
200^403
78 52
Saskatchewan
91,279
492,432
401,153
439 48
Alberta
73,022
374,663
301,641
413.08
British Columbia
178,657
392,480
. 213,823
119 68
Yukon . .
27,219
8^512
-18,707
-68 73
Northwest Territories
20,129
18,481
-1,648
-8.18
Totals for Canada .
5,371,315
7,206,643
1,835,328
34 17
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
CANADA
Prince Edward
Island.
Kings
2,386,985,39s 1
1,397,991!
410,355
498,065
489,571
3,821,995
47,069
11,598
16,551
18,920
3,384,648
46,659
11,038
16,228
19,393
7,206,643
93,728
22,636
32,779
38,313
1 93
42 91
35.31
42.12
50.09
5,371,315
103,259
24,725
35,400
43,134
Prince
Queens
NOTE. The totals of areas for Canada and the provinces and territories are as measured by a plani-
meter on the map, and embrace land and water; while those for districts are the totals of their
respective subdistricts, excepting as may be indicated by footnotes where large areas are unsurveyed
and unoccupied, and are land areas only.
NOTE. The sign (-) denotes a dccreasa.
iBy map measurement.
AREA AND POPULATION.
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901 con.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
Nova Scotia.
Annapolis
ISJIS^O 1
847,280
355,840
867,264
462,016
928,640
], 077, 120
640,000
1,059,840
1,358,960
786,560
910,600
552,960
769,280
719,360
312,960
1,294,387
549,604
17,910,400!
838,785
821,376
1,196,676
1,137,931
1,345,110
3,033,985
2,092,595
394,163
1,618,742
2,153,549
922.993
2,307,367
225,198,56r
501,355
221,530
1,210,266
94,105
417,690
1,403,359
2,216,550
312,422
215,680
6,353,248
1,455,034
169,779
87,795,034
251,019
9,374
5,915
15,435
28,853
11,746
20,708
10,206
8,858
40,061
10,016
13,079
10,995
17,121
18,213
6,828
12,261
11,350
179,867
11,034
10,774
16,588
12,435
15,470
16,150
8,434
26,082
8,986
15,086
22,703
16,125
1,011,502
8,657
9,135
26,035
10,640
10,632
9,950
14,379
6,871
14,327
23,293
10,649
6,647
32,729
241,319
9,207
6,047
14,453
24,499
11,918
19,835
9,961
8,190
40,196
9,687
12,492
10,785
16,139
17,645
6,445
11,950
11,870
172,022
10,412
10,373
16,074
11,941
14,815
15,044
7,253
27,490
8,130
13,136
21,918
15,436
991,730
8,109
9,071
25,364
10,162
10,509
9,922
13,731
6,345
14,388
19,465
9,988
6,675
30,612
492,338
18,581
11,962
29,888
53,352
23,664
40,543
20,167
17,048
80,257
19,703
25,571
21,780
33,260
35,858
13,273
24,211
23,220
351,889
21,446
21,147
32,662
24,376
30,285
31,194
15,687
53,572
17,116
28,222
44,621
31,561
2,003,232
16,766
18,206
51,399
20,802
21,141
19,872
28,110
13,216
28,715
42,758
20,637
13,322
63,341
22.98
14.04
21.51
22.06
73.90
16.31
24.09
20.17
10.29
37.80
16.03
18.15
25.21
27.67
31.90
27.14
11.97
27.04
12.61
16.36
16.48
17.47
13.71
14.41
6.58
4.80
86.98
6.77
8.39
30.94
8.75
5.69
21.43
52.60
27.18
141.47
32.39
9.06
8.12
27.07
85.21
4.31
9.08
50.22
0.46
459,574
18,842
13,617
24,650
35,087
24,900
36,168
20,322
18,320
74,662
20,056
24,353
21,937
32,389
33,459
13,515
24,428
22,869
331,120
21,621
22,415
27,936
23,958
32,580
28,548
10,536
51,759
16,906
21,136
42,060
31,620
1,648,898
16,407
18,181
43,129
21,732
18,706
19,980
24,495
13,397
24,318
32,015
19,334
13,583
48,291
Antigonish
Cape Breton N. and
Victoria
Cape Breton S
Colchester
Cumberland
Digby .
Guysborough
Halifax City and
County
Hants
Inverness
Kings
Lunenburg
Pictou
Richmond
Shelburne & Queens
Yarmouth
New Brunswick.
Carleton
Charlotte
Gloucester
Kent
Kings and Albert. . .
Northumberland . . .
Restigouche
St. John City and
County
Sunbury and Queens
Victoria and Mada-
waska
Westmorland
York
Quebec.
Argenteuil
Bagot.
Beauce
Beauharnois
Bellechasse
Berthier
Bonaventure
Brome
Chambly and Ver-
cheres
Champlain
Charlevoix
Chateauguay
Chicoutimi and
Saguenay
*By map measurement.
45
POPULATION.
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901 con.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
Quebec con.
Compton
920,986
602,624
766,607
2,912,941
1,784
231,200
73,803
1,928,640
664,006
2,456,052
204,288
157,854
95,287
173,977
494,596
464,895
6,338
1,881,600
499,304
240,140
2,698,120
403,286
1,367,654
829
1,062
438
544
621
400,690
12,747,098
952,832
824
594
503
1,746,239
141,602
783,565
3,574,468
155,505
177,671
257,934
363,008
152,064
87,111
15,655
12,930
21,233
18,195
36,707
6,707
32,737
11,841
10,619
21,131
9,937
7,577
15,370
14,319
8,538
11,144
85,577
8,265
16,439
8,893
7,066
8,729
6,606
11,402
23,709
22,028
27,637
27,282
15,077
15,634
15,336
9,522
22,457
4,370
12,858
10,332
20,230
26,491
6,609
10,633
11,062
12,145
11,648
4.640
13,975
12,166
20,357
16,806
38,342
6,533
32,286
12,070
10,269
19,220
9,398
7,587
14,607
14,594
7,897
11,014
85,401
8,244
14,875
8,573
6,796
8,627
6,609
10,274
24,929
22,029
28,223
27,628
14,978
13,782
15,193
12,141
24,972
5,248
12,986
10,354
19,261
24,999
6,522
11,709
10,820
11,831
11,563
4,760
29,630 20.59
25,096 26.65
41,590 34.72
35,001 7.69
75,049 26,918.58
13,240 36.65
65,023 563.86
23,911 7.93
20,888 20.13
40,351 10.52
19,335 60.57
15,164 6148
29,977 201.34
28,913 106.35
16,435 21.27
22,158 30.50
170,978 17,265.27
16,509 5.62
31,314 40.14
17,466 46.55
13,862 3.30
17,356 27.54
13,215 6.18
21,676 16,738.22
48,638 29,317.66
44,057 64,410.82
55,860 65,717.65
54,910 56,608.25
30,055 48.01
29,416 1.48
30,529 20.51
21,663 16,793.02
47,429 51,108.83
9,618 12,236.64
25,844 9.48
20,686 93.50
39,491 32.26
51,490 9.22
13,131; 54.12
22,342 80.48
21,882 54.29!
23,976 42.27
23,211 97.69
9.400, 69.06
26,460
21,007
38,999
30,683
56,919
13,979
26.168
22,255
19,099
32,901
19,633
13,995
19,743
26,210
14,439
20,039
65,178
15,813
23,878
17,339
13,001
14,757
12,311
23,368
47,653
42,618
48,808
40,631
27,209
25,722
27,159
20,366
39,325
9,149
22,101
19,518
34,137
40,157
13,407
21,543
20,679
23,628
18,426
9.928
Dorchester
Drummond and Ar-
thabaska
Gaspe
Hochelaga
Huntingdon
Jacques-Cartier. . . .
Joliette
Kamouraska
Labelle
Laprairie and
Napierville
L Assomption
Laval
Levis
L Islet
Lotbiniere
Maisonneuve
Maskinonge
Megantic
Missisquoi
Montcalm
Montmagny
Montmorency
Montreal-Ste. Anne
Montreal-
St. Antoine
Montreal-
St. Jacques
Montreal-
St. Laurent
Montreal-
Ste. Marie
Nicolet
Pontiac
Portneuf
Quebec Centre
Quebec East
Quebec West
Quebec County
Richelieu
Richmond and
Wolfe
Rimouski
Rouville
St. Hyacinthe
St. John and Iber-
ville
Shefford
Sherbrooke
Soulanees .
46
AREA AND POPULATION.
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901 con.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
Quebec con.
Stanstead
276,786
1,155,961
500,366
1,643,552
178,725
128,414
1,553,711
233,578
166,951,636
31,433,370
14,248,389
213,905
55,592
175,919
608,608
447,655
416,558
356,248
245,199
402,549
232,014
228,849
153,133
299,222
1,021,380
305,660
296,209
440,356
286,784
365,885
313,203
232,120
1,724
2,266
826,504
660,205
274,073
298,535
256,455
265,336
321,963
2,266
351,140
368,363
362,641
365,666
399,876
748,654
10,301
18,650
14,592
18,203
7,002
5,585
24,771
9,805
1,332
1,299,290
28,938
17,948
9,735
13,750
8,990
12,166
13,284
14,762
9,229
9,048
13,617
9,002
13,469
19,497
15,070
11,492
10,608
8,479
10,145
13,778
9,725
11,045
11,535
20,989
18,644
13,075
15,437
8,090
9,764
8,452
12,137
16,414
9,825
11,267
14,901
7,018
9,904
9,157
10,131
10,464
17,780
14,426
17,950
6,866
5,454
23,561
9,706
734
1,223,984
15.690
10,804
9,524
12,867
9,541
11,617
12,965
13,644
8,511
9,117
12,794
8,595
13,246
18,509
14,471
10,452
10,651
9,066
9,505
13,213
9,525
10,517
10,673
18,804
18,635
11,903
15,388
8,199
9,744
8,734
11,561
15,883
10,835
10,956
14,208
7,606
9,847
9,065
10,255
20,765
36,430
29,018
36.153
13,868
11,039
48,332
19,511
2^66
2,523,274
44,628
28,752
19,259
26,617
18,531
23,783
26,249
28,406
17,740
18,165
26,411
17,597
26,715
38.006
29,541
21,944
21,259
17,545
19,650
26,991
19,250
21,562
22,208
39,793
37,279
24,978
30,825
16,289
19,508
17,186
23,698
32.297
20,660
22,223
29,109
14,624
19,751
18,222
20,386
48.03
20.17
37.12
14.08
49.66
55.02
19.91
53.46
9.67
0.91
1.29
57.62
306.44
67.42
25.00
37.53
43.64
31.87
47.43
42.00
48.54
74.72
158.84
63.18
13.75
44.51
37.91
28.57
60.23
33.67
44.18
61.23
14,792.94
1,053.08
19.34
29.89
38.04
41.82
42.88
57.16
64.21
5,836.16
40.51
50.58
25.82
34.57
29.14
17.42
18,998
29,185
26,816
29,311
14,438
10,445
42,830
20,564
2,405
2,182,947
25,211
17,894
18,273
19,867
18,721
27,424
31,596
24,380
21,036
19,757
27,570
17,901
25,685
28,789
29,955
24,746
22,131
21,021
23,663
24,874
21,053
21,233
19,545
24,000
28,634
27,943
31,348
19,227
22,881
19,712
25,328
31,866
19,788
26,919
29,723
17,236
19,996
19,254
23,346
Temiscouata
Terrebonne
Three Rivers and
St. Maurice
Two Mountains ....
Vaudreuil
Wright
Yamaska
Quebec unorganized
Ontario.
Algoma E
Algoma W
Brant
Brantf ord
Brockville
Bruce N
Bruce S
Carleton
Dufferin
Dundas
Durham
Elgin E . .
Elgin W
Essex N
Essex S
Frontenac
Glengarrv
Grenville
Grey E
Grey N.
Grey S
Haldimand
Halton
Hamilton E
Hamilton W
Hastings E
Hastings W
Huron E
Huron S
Huron W
Kent E
Kent W
Kingston
Lambton E
Lambton W
Lanark, N
Lanark S
Leeds
Lennox and Adding-
ton
map measurement.
47
POPULATION.
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901 con.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
Ontario con.
Lincoln
212,739
4,252
264,718
279,332
242.994
1,014,650
20,206,767
405,927
280,737
170,007
323,086
222,523
3,043
262,756
226,554
2,514,109
299,849
275,051
262,281
570,479
354,437
316,344
249,853
676,998
1,052,770
447,152
338,805
367,917
357,508
263,890
46,450,167
651
2,198
1,867
2,917
3,144
1,813,908
174,849
155,271
247,849
371,496
280,882
289,257
213,586
275,554
69,745
47,188,29s 1
1,864,902 2
13,193,249 2
1.093.197 2
17,902
21,901
10.666
7,011
8,164
11,204
43,284
13,702
10,307
6,356
8,797
12,263
34,790
12,691
11,355
14,460
11,644
15,241
9,677
8,028
12,936
13,669
8,448
12,091
14,209
20,188
18,324
12,664
12,621
12,273
42,293
27,550
33,888
24,499
24,312
51,593
19,068
16,616
14,475
22,272
11,366
16,265
17,724
13,827
11,456
34,703
250,056
22,127
24,384
12,304
17,527
24,399
10,148
6,726
8,050
10,029
30,846
13,408
9,620
6,609
8,344
11,602
38,403
12,386
10,939
12,087
10,458
14,994
9,270
7,471
13,215
13,299
8,702
11,526
13,643
19,246
16,970
12,035
12,439
12,502
24,956
25,575
35,024
31,970
19,644
53,698
17,431
17,003
14,513
19,891
10,926
15,935
16,910
12,221
10,959
33,315
205,558
17,607
19,616
11,197
35,429
46,300
20,814
13,737
16,214
21,233
74,130
27,110
19,927
12,965
17,141
23,865
73,193
25,077
22,294
26,547
22,102
30,235
18,947
15,499
26,151
26,968
17,150
23,617
27,852
39,434
35,294
24,699
25,060
24,775
67,249
53,125
68,912
56,469
43,956
105,291
36,499
33,619
28,988
42,163
22,292
32,200
34,634
26,048
22,415
68,018
455,614
39,731
44,000
23,501
106.58
6,962.41
50.32
31.47
42.70
13.39
2.35
42.74
45.44
48.80
33.95
68.64
15,396.21
61.08
62.98
6.76
47.18
70.35
46.23
17.39
47.23
54.46
43.93
22.32
16.93
56.44
66.67
42.96
44.86
60.10
0.93
52,083.33
20,090.97
19,338.70
9,639.47
21,444.20
12.89
123.06
119.47
108.87
38.40
75.36
76.63
78.05
52.05
624.13
6.18
13.64
2.14
13.76
30,552
37,976
20,228
16,419
18,079
20,971
28,309
29,147
20,495
13,055
18,390
22,018
57,640
25,644
22,760
24,936
21,475
29,256
20,615
16.291
20^04
27,035
17,864
24,556
27,676
35,166-
29,845
26,071
26,399
27,042
28,987
43,861
40,194
40,886
38,108
44,991
38,511
27,124
25,470
31,588
26,120
29,526
26,818
21,505
22,419
20,699
255,211
25,047
22,631
24,736
London
Middlesex E
Middlesex N
Middlesex W
Muskoka
Nipissing
Norfolk
Northumberland E.
Northumberland W.
Ontario N
Ontario S
Ottawa City. . . .
Oxford N . . .
Oxford S
Parry Sound
Peel
Perth N
Perth S
Peterborough E. . . .
Peterborough W . . .
Prescott
Prince Edward
Renfrew N
Renfrew S . .
Russell
Simcoe E
Simcoe N
Simcoe S . . .
Stormont
Thunder Bay and
Rainy River
Toronto Centre ....
Toronto E
Toronto N
Toronto S
Toronto W
Victoria
Waterloo N
Waterloo S
Welland
Wellington N
Wellington S
Wentworth
York Centre
York N
York S
Manitoba.
Brandon
Dauphin
Lisear. .
map measurement. Total land area.
48
AREA AND POPULATION.
5. Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901. concluded.
Provinces and
Districts.
Area
in acres.
POPULATION IN 1911
Popula
tion in
1901.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Per
square
mile.
Manitoba con.
Macdonald
2,392,612 2
3,333,889 2
1,754,456 2
3,610,628 2
11,444,171 2
2,469,244 2
12,750
161,088,000
4,803,514
34,889,994
7,489,869*
5,404,839 2
21,664,196 2
66,087,803 2
3,429,965 2
5,075,695 2
2,687,635 2
4,230,970 2
163,382,400 1
3,671,520 2
78,034,886 2
6,020,634 2
16,396,476 2
13,977,487 2
6,880, 155 2
36,890,843 2
227,747,200!
91,680,886 2
17,290,420 2
1,738,880 2
3,100,480 2
417,280 2
1,894 2
111,956,530 2
132,528,640 1
1,229,878,400 1
19,984
18,829
15,565
21,732
28,879
16,142
70,110
291,730
24,619
28,734
30,405
22,204
55,101
20,847
20,053
44,478
16,019
29,270
223,989
36,991
34,567
20,516
43,724
37,085
28,536
22,570
251,619
30,969
33,974
20,124
35,906
74,390
19,089
37,167
6,508
9,346
15,857
14,769
12,385
18,961
24,212
12,907
58,047
200,702
17,937
18,341
21,790
18,354
32,624
15,472
15,555
26,078
12,676
21,875
150,674
23,511
22,478
13,988
26,882
24,287
20,937
18,591
140,861
11,294
16,798
11,698
19,773
49,512
12,571
19,215
2,004
9,135
35,841
33,598
27,950
40,693
53,091
29,049
128,157
492,432
42,556
47,075
52,195
40,558
87,725
36,319
35,608
70,556
28,695
51,145
374,663
60,502
57,045
34,504
70,606
61,372
49,473
41,161
392,480
42,263
50,772
31,822
55,679
123,902
31,660
56,382
8,512
18,481
9.59
6.45
10.20
7.21
2.97
7.53
6,432.94
1.95
5.67
0.86
4.45
4.80
2.59
0.35
6.64
8.90
6.83
7.74
1.47
10.55
0.46
3.66
2.75
2.81
4.62
0.71
1.09
0.30
1.88
11.71
11.50
190.03
10,695.95
0.32
0.041
0.010
23,866
20,431
23,483
24,434
24,021
24,222
42,340
91,279
9,332
6,171
2,166
13,537
5,761
12,795
17,178
7,703
9,479
7,157
73,002
8,362
12,823
7,856
10,804
10,314
12,345
10,518
178,657
21,457
31,962
22,293
23,976
28,895
20,919
29,155
27,219
20,129
Marquette
Portage la Prairie. .
Provencher
Selkirk
Souris . .
Winnipeg City
Saskatchewan.
Assiniboia
Battleford
Humboldt
Mackenzie
Moosejaw
Prince Albert
Qu Appelle
Regina
Saltcoats
Saskatoon
Alberta.
Calgary. .
Edmonton
MacLeod
Medicine Hat
Red Deer
Strathcona
Victoria
British Columbia.
Comox-Atlin
Kootenay
Nanaimo
New Westminster . .
Vancouver City ....
Victoria City
Yale and Cariboo . .
Yukon.
N.W. Territories.
Distribution of Urban Population. In Tables 6-8 is shown the
distribution of the urban population into cities, towns, and villages.
There are now four cities in Canada with an aggregate population
exceeding 100,000: Montreal (470,480), Toronto (376,538), Winnipeg
(136,035) and Vancouver (100,401), as compared with only two in
1901: Montreal (267,730) and Toronto (208,040). There are three
J By map measurement.
land area.
49
POPULATION.
cities with populations in 1911 exceeding 50,000: Ottawa (87,062),
Hamilton (81,969) and Quebec (78,710). Two towns with a popula
tion in 1911 exceeding 5,000, viz., North Vancouver, B.C. (8,196),
and Cobalt, Ont. (5,638), were not in existence in 1901, whilst 14
other towns had no existence in 1891, viz., Regina (30,213), Edmon
ton (24,900), Maisonneuve (18,684), Fort William (16,499), Moosejaw
(13,823), Saskatoon (12,004), Port Arthur (11,220), Lethbridge
(8,050), North Bay (7,737), Thetford Mines (7,261), Prince Albert
(6,254), Medicine Hat (5,608), Strathcona (5,579) and North Toronto
(5,362).
Division of the population into urban and rural gives 3,280,964 of
the former and 3,925,679 of the latter. The increase in the urban
population is indeed one of the most striking facts revealed by the
Census of 1911. Whilst during the decade 1901 to 1911 the rural
population increased by 576,163, or 17.20 p.c., the increase in the
urban population was 1,259,165, or at the rate of 62.28 p.c. In the
Maritime Provinces and in Ontario the urban population increased at
the expense of the rural, for the latter has actually declined since
1901, in Prince Edward Island by 10.81 p.c., in Nova Scotia by 7.26
p.c., in New Brunswick by 0.58 p.c. and in Ontario by 4.18 p.c.
The urban population of these provinces increased during the same
period by the following percentage ratios: Prince Edward Island
0.1, Nova Scotia 45.43, New Brunswick 28.81 and Ontario 41.93.
Table 8 analyses the urban population of Canada for each of the
census years 1901 and 1911. It shows that, in 1911, of the total
population of 7,206,643, not less than 2,354,131, or 32.70 p.c., were
dwelling in cities or towns with a population exceeding 5,000, the
total urban population being 3,280,964, or 45.53 p.c. of the entire
population.
6. Population of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911,
compared with 1871-81-91-1901.
Cities and Towns.
Provinces.
POPULATION.
1871.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Montreal 1
Quebec
115,000
59,000
241
24,141
26,880
59,699
29,582
18,000
41,325
155,238
96,196
7,985
31,307,
36,661
62,446
36,100
26,266
41,353
:
219,616
181,215
25,639
13,709
44,154
48,959
63,090
38,437
31,977
3,876
39,179
267,730
208,040
42,340
27,010
59,928
52,634
68,840
40,832
37,976
4,392
40,711
470,480
376,538
136,035
100,401
87,062
81,969
78,710
46.619
46,300
43,704
42,511
Toronto 1
Ontario
Winnipeg 1
Manitoba
Vancouver 1
British Columbia. .
Ontario
Ottawa 1
Hamilton 1
u
Quebec
Quebec
Halifax . . .
Nova Scotia
London
Ontario
Calcarv
Alberta
St. John
New Brunswick. . .
Population of the city municipality.
50
AREA AND POPULATION.
6. Population of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911,
compared with 1871-81-91-1901 con.
Cities and Towns.
Provinces.
POPULATION.
1871.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Victoria
British Columbia.
Saskatchewan .
3,270
8,107
12,407
4,611
3.800
4,253
4,432
2,743
6,878
200
2,197
7,570
4,313
3,369
7,864
600
8,807
879
5,873
1,696
3,827
2,929
7,305
3,746
1,800
5,102
3,982
5,636
6,691
3,185
6,006
5,925
9,616
14,091
6,812
6,890
6,561
1,480
7,227
4,054
9,890
884
8,367
8,670
1,500
8,239
4,426
9,631
5,032
11,485
780
7,873
2,406
5,187
3,874
9,516
5,321
3,906
7,609
5,373
2,347
2,274
5,791
1,645
1,283
2,340
7,597
3,992
6,218
16,841
12,753
19,263
9,717
11,264
10,322
2,427
2,459
10,110
7,425
10,537
3,076
10,366
3,778
8,334
6,678
9,500
7,497
9,170
296
8,762
11,373
2,414
9,052
3,761
7,535
6.692
9^16
7,016
5,515
8,791
8,612
3,349
3,781
6,669
4,595
1,553
2,442
7,301
4,066
6,502
20,919
2,249
2,626
16,619
17,961
3,958
11,239
13,993
12,153
9,009
6,945
3,633
11,765
9,747
11,496
8,856
11,485
5,620
1,558
9,981
6,499
9,959
8,776
9,946
113
1,898
9,026
3,214
12,080
7,169
9,068
5,561
7,866
8,176
9,117
9,210
11,055
8,940
8,833
5,702
4,964
7,057
6,130
2 ; 072
2,530
2,019
3,191
7,783
4,394
3,256
7,117
31,660
30,213
24,900
23,132
18,874
18,684
18,360
18,222
17,829
17,723
16,562
16,499
16,405
15,196
15,175
14,579
14,054
13,839
13,823
13,691
13,199
12,946
12,558
12,484
12,004
11,629
11,345
11,220
11,198
10,984
10,770
10,699
10,299
9,947
9,876
9,797
9,449
9,374
9,320
9,248
8,973
8,420
8,306
8196
8,050
7,737
7,483
7,470
7,452
7,436
7,261
7,208
Regina
Edmonton
Alberta
Brantford
Ontario
Kingston
u
Maisonneuve
Quebec .
Peterborough
Ontario
Hull
Quebec
Windsor
Ontario
Sydney
Nova Scotia . .
Glace Bay
a
Fort William
Ontario
Sherbrooke
Quebec . ...
Berlin
Ontario
Guelph
u
Westmount . . . .
Quebec .
St. Thomas
Ontario
Brandon
Manitoba
Moose jaw
Saskatchewan... .
Three Rivers
New Westminster.
Stratford
Quebec
Brit. Columbia. . . .
Ontario
Owen Sound
St. Catharines. . . .
Saskatoon
Saskatchewan. . . .
Verdun
Quebec
Moncton
New Brunswick . . .
Ontario
Port Arthur
Charlottetown ....
Sault Ste. Marie . .
Chatham
P. E. Island
Ontario
a
Lachine
Quebec
Gait
Ontario
Sarnia
Belleville
St. Hyacinthe
Valleyfield
Quebec
u
Brockville
Ontario
Woodstock
u
Niagara Falls. . . .
(i
Amherst
Nova Scotia
Sorel
Quebec
Nanaimo
Brit. Columbia
u
Alberta
North Vancouver.
Lethbridge
North Bay
Ontario
St. Boniface
Manitoba
Sydney Mines
Nova Scotia
Levis
Quebec
Oshawa
Ontario . . .
Thetf ord Mines . . .
Fredericton
Quebec
New Brunswick . . .
51
POPULATION.
6. Population of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911,
compared with 1871-81-91-1901 concluded.
Cities and Towns.
Provinces.
POPULATION.
1871.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Collingwood
Ontario
2,829
4,049
1,322
1,541
2,500
2,033
3,398
1.150
3,047
3,022
1,393
1,508
1,110
5,114
4,442
4,445
5,080
2,911
2,291
3,485
4,468
4,854
2,595
2,087
3,268
3,461
4,314
1,935
900
2,820
1,520
1,870
5,581
4,957
3,786
4,939
6,081
4,752
4,175
6,089
6,805
5,550
3,776
3,864
3,347
1,806
5,102
4,722
3,363
2,277
4,813
4,401
2,513
2,035
5,042
4,829
6,252
5,755
7,003
4,907
4,569
6,430
6,704
5,949
4,447
5,155
4,220
1,785
5,202
5,993
4,030
3,901
3,826
5,178
5,156
1,570
1,550
4,646
1,852
1,863
4,188
4,239
4,806
7,090
6,964
6,828
6,774
6,600
6,598
6,420
6,383
6,370
6,346
6,254
6,158
6,107
5,903
5,892
5,880
5,713
5,638
5,626
5,608
5^79
5,418
5,362
5,318
5,092
5,074
5,058
Lindsay
u
Orillia
a
Fraserville
Quebec
Yarmouth
Nova Scotia
Cornwall
Ontario. . . .
Barrie
u
New Glasgow
Nova Scotia
Smiths Falls
Ontario. . .
Joliette
Quebec
Prince Albert
Saskatchewan.
Kenora
Ontario
Truro
Nova Scotia
St. Johns
Quebec ....
Portage la Prairie.
Chicoutimi
Manitoba
Quebec
Spring Hill
Nova Scotia
Cobalt
Ontario
Pembroke
u
Medicine Hat
Alberta. .-
Strathcona
H
North Sydney
Nova Scotia
North Toronto
Welland
Ontario
u
Port Hope
u
Cobourg ....
(I
Dartmouth
Nova Scotia
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000
inhabitants in 1911 and corresponding figures for 1901.
Towns and Villages.
POPULATION.
Towns and Villages.
POPULATION.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
Prince Edward
Island.
Siirnmersidp
2,875
1,140
3,417
2,335
3,398
2,678
1,089
4,471
3,910
3,452
Nova Scotia
con.
Pictou
3,235
3,391
2,203
2,916
1,546
1,731
1,937
3,179
2,856
2,775
2,719
2,681
2,589
2,304
2,109
Souris . ...
Parrsboro
Nova Scotia.
Westville
Bridgewater
Inverness
Lunenburg
Dominion
Stellarton
Kentville
Windsor
Liverpool
52
AREA AND POPULATION.
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000
inhabitants in 1911 and corresponding figures for 1901 con.
Towns and Villages.
POPULATION.
Towns and Villages.
POPULATION.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
Nova Scotia con.
Antigonish
1,838
1,274
1,479
1,412
1,445
1,285
1,026
1,150
550
1,019
1,046
4,868
3,644
2,652
2,507
2,840
1,444
1,398
1,892
444
2,044
862
1,075
644
1,246
1,148
2,511
3,773
2,768
3,416
3,516
2,835
2,936
3,114
3,619
1,362
2,880
2,291
1,804
1,693
1,316
1,919
2,225
2,022
1,883
1.451
1,787
1,749
1,617
1,458
1,435
1,392
1,392
1,247
1,078
1,019
1,006
4,666
3,856
3,817
2,945
2,836
2,039
1,906
1,837
1,821
1,804
1,650
1,442
1,280
1,080
4,820
4,783
4,750
4,265
3,978
3,978
3.972
3,854
3,560
3,473
3,344
3,165
3; 109
3,097
3,028
2,934
2,645
2,617
2,593
2,407
2,399
2.388
Quebec con.
Jonquieres
2,149
783
505
2,057
822
1,541
847
1,176
1,073
1,976
1,822
1,512
1,797
1,390
1,408
1,583
1,605
1,248
1,450
1,565
1,272
1,018
1,199
1,555
1,306
1,586
702
1,462
1,154
995
826
1,117
991
1,364
1,343
647
544
1,175
495
1,108
1,364
1,017
920
1,122
1,120
1,213
2,354
2,233
2,224
2,201
2,175
2,141
2,120
2,066
2,056
2,020
2,015
1,990
1,905
1,886
1,860
1,857
1,751
1,747
1,737
1,725
1,717
1,677
1,675
1,653
1,606
1,602
1,588
1,587
1,559
1,501
1,492
1,480
1,458
1,449
1,440
1,438
1,432
1,416
1,416
1,410
1,402
1,383
1,363
1,355
1,335
1,331
1,311
1,265
1,239
1,211
1,171
1,167
1,161
Trenton
Windsor Mills
Canso
Asbestos
Wolfville
St. Pierre aux Liens
Shelburne
Richmond
Oxford
Mont Joli
Wedgeport
Ste. Therese . .
Digby
Ste. Anne de Beaupre . .
Port Hood
St. Jerome de Matane ....
Ste. Agathe
Annapolis Royal
Louisburg
Beauharnois
New Brunswick.
Chatham
Terrebonne
Iberville
Waterloo
St Laurent
Woodstock
Baie St Paul
Campbellton
Pointe Gatineau
Newcastle
L Assomption
St. Stephen
Roberval
Sackville
Drummondville . .
Sussex
Montmorency
Marysville
Beauceville
Edmunston
Louise ville
Milltown
St Raymond
Dalhousie
D Israeli
Shediac
St. Gabriel de Brandon. . .
Lorette
Grand Falls
Dorchester
Marieville
Quebec.
Outrernont
Plessisville
Beloeil
St Vincent de Paul
Ste. Rose
Grand Mere
Arthabaskaville
Granby
Malbaie
Shawinigan Falls
St Joseph (Beauce)
Lauzon
St Tite
Magog. .
Bedford
Longueuil
Ste. Anne de Belle vne ....
St. Joseph (Richelieu) ....
St George
Buckingham
Farnham
St Jerome
Acton Vale
St. Lambert
Grenville
Coaticook
Pierre ville
Avlmer
Grande Baie
Rimouski
Berthier
Victoriaville
Danville
La Tuque
Sault au Recollet
Black Lake
Huntingdon
Montmagny
Brompton ville
Nicolet
Lennoxville
Lachute
Lac au Saumon
Lake Megan tic
Point aux Trembles
Laprairie .
Deschaillons .
53
POPULATION.
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000
inhabitants in 1911 and corresponding figures for 1901 con.
Towns and
Villages.
POPULATION.
Towns
and Villages.
POPULATION.
1901. 1911.
1901. 1911.
Quebec con.
Laurent! des
Boucherville
Amqui
Waterville
Masson
Baie de Shawinigan.
St. Remi
Papineau
Bagotville
Dorval
Bienville..
Ontario.
Ingersoll
Midland
Goderich
Arnprior
Hawkesbury ....
Waterloo
Dundas
Sudbury
Paris
Trenton
Steelton
Preston
Haileybury
Renfrew
Gananoque
Carleton Place . .
Perth
Penetanguishene .
Picton
Petrolia
Wallaceburg. . . .
Parry Sound ....
Brampton
Rockland
St. Marys
Walkerville
Simcoe
Eastview
Copper Cliff....
Campbellf ord . . .
Newmarket
Dunnville
Strathroy
Bowman ville
Meaford
Napanee
Prescott
Bracebridge
Tilsonburg
934
940
576
1,012
1,080
772
507
481
851
4,573
3,174
4,158
4,152
4,150
3,537
3,173
2,027
3,229
4,217
2,308
3,153
3,526
4,059
3,588
2,422
3,698
4,135
2,763
2,884
2,748
1,998
3,384
1,579
2,627
776
2,500
2,485
2,125
2,105
2,933
2,731
1,916
3,143
3,019
2,479
2,241
1,128
1,097
4,763
4,663
Ontario con.
Leamington
Walkerton
1,070 Amherstburg
1,054 Blind River
1,034 Almonte
1,024 Oakville
1,021 Hespeler
1,015 IHuntsville
1,011 Hanover
1,005 Orangeville
1,004 Alexandria
Sandwich
Listowel
Thorold
Wiarton
Clinton
4,522 Whitby
4,405 Wingham
4,400 Sturgeon Falls
4,359 New Liskeard
4,299 Aylmer
4,150 Deseronto
4,098 Seaforth
3,988 Kincardine
3,936 Ridgetown
3,883 Thessalon
3,874 Aurora
3,846 Weston
3,804 Mount Forest
3,621 Burlington
3,588 Portsmouth
3,568 Elmira
3,564 Bridgeburg
3,518 Mitchell
3,438 Chesley
3,429 Acton
3,412 Cochrane
3,397 Morrisburg
3,388 Southampton
3,302 Merritton
3,227 Grimsby
3,169 Palmerston
Milton
Gravenhurst
Port Colborne
Victoria Harbour. .
Fort Frances
2,814 ^Georgetown
2,811 Durham
2,807 Rainy River
2,801 VankleekHill
2,776 Exeter
2,758 Dresden
3,082
3,051
2,996
2,861
2,823
2,451
2,971
2,222
2,656
3,023
1,643
2,457
2,152
1,392
2,511
1,911
1,450
2,693
1,979
2,443
2,547
2,110
2,392
1,418
2,204
3,527
2,245
2,077
2,405
1,205
1,590
1,083
2,019
1,119
1,827
1,060
1,358
1,945
1,734
1,484
1,693
1,636
1,710
1,001
1,850
1,372
2,146
1,253
989
697
1,313
1,422
1,674
1,792
1,613
2,652
2,601
2,560
2,558
2,452
2,372
2,368
2,358
2,342
2,340
2,323
2,302
2,289
2,273
2,266
2,254
2,248
2.238
2,199
2,108
2,102
2,013
1,983
1,956
1,954
1,945
1,901
1,875
1,839
1,831
1,786
1,782
1,770
1,766
1,734
1,720
1,715
1,696
1,685
1,670
1,669
1,665
1,654
1,624
1,624
1,616
1,611
1,583
1,581
1,578
1,577
1,555
1,551
54
AREA AND POPULATION.
7. Population of Incorporated Towns and Villages having 1,000 to 5,000
inhabitants in 1911 and corresponding figures for 1901 concluded.
Towns and Villages.
POPULATION.
Towns and Villages.
i
POPULATION.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
Ontario con.
Fergus
1,396
1,400
1,637
1,208
1,553
984
1,657
1,537
1,244
1,653
403
1,012
1,168
1,391
1,026
1,378
1,258
1,430
1,256
1,156
1,313
728
1,187
1,523
1,107
1,125
1,465
890
1,101
1,177
1,188
1,269
1,378
1,020
1,285
832
1,279
1,122
1,157
1,132
1,225
1,223
855
914
2,188
1,135
1,418
839
901
1,052
1,534
1,524
1,491
1,484
1,445
1,436
1,433
1,427
1,397
1,387
1,373
1,368
1,368
1,353
1,347
1,320
1,318
1,289
1,279
1,242
1,235
1,208
1,197
1,192
1,189
1,152
1,148
1,146
1,143
1,138
1,113
1,112
1,111
1,106
1,102
1,096
1,092
1,083
1,058
1,053
1,039
1,034
1,015
1,000
2,977
2,815
1,864
1,854
1,550
1,483
Manitoba con.
Carman
1 439
1,271
1,130
1,043
1,010
1,005
2,309
2,210
2,105
1,981
1,852
1,816
1.335
1,285
1,172
1,143
2,411
2,118
1,844
1,659
1,586
1,557
1,465
1,444
1,400
i;207
1,182
1,137
1,029
1,029
1,027
4,476
4,184
3,772
3,295
3,146
3,090
3,017
2,826
2,671
1,663
1,657
1,577
1,460
1,237
3,013
Mattawa
Morden
1,522
Harriston
Emerson
840
New Hamburg
Killarney
585
Forest
Stonewall
589
Havelock
Saskatchewan.
Yorkton . .
700
Uxbridge
Kingsville
Lakefield
Weyburn
113
Blenheim
1 North Battlef ord.
Mimico
Estevan . .
181
Tilbury
Swift Current.
121
Tweed
Melville
Essex
Battlef ord
609
L Orignal
Indian Head .
768
Brighton
Rosthern
415
Niagara
Moosomin
868
Parkhill
Alberta.
Wetaskiwin (city)
550
Alliston
Keewatin
Port Elgin
Red Deer
323
Little Current
Macleod
. 796
Elora..
Castor
Kemptville
Camrose
Eganville
Coleman
Port Dalhousie
Raymond
Port Perry
Stettler
_
Fort Erie
Taber
_
Winchester
Cardston
639
Port Dover
High River
153
Shelburne
Blairmore . .
239
Norwich
Lacombe -
. i 499
Cardinal
Vegreville .
Hagarsville
Pincher Creek.
335
Arthur
British Columbia.
Nelson (city)
I
5,273
Beamsville
Watford
Waterf ord
Prince Rupert (city)
Madoc
Kami oops
1,594
Fenelon Falls
Ladysmith
746
Stavner
Fernie "
1,640
Stouffville
Cranbrook . . .
1,196
Beaverton
Revelstoke
1,600
Bobcaygeon.
Rossland
6,156
Manitoba.
Selkirk
Vernon ....
Kelowna.
. 802
261
Chilliwack
277
Grand Forks "
. 1,012
Dauphin
Trail
1,360
Neepawa
Cumberland ....
732
Souris
Yukon.
Dawson City
. 9,142
Virden
Minnedosa
55
POPULATION.
8. Urban Population of Canada by Size Groups, 1901 and 1911,
TT /~X i 1 fTl
1901.
1911.
In Cities and Towns
Num
Per cent, of
Num
Per cent, of
of
ber of
Popula
ber of
Popula
Places
tion.
Urban
Total
Places
tion.
Urban
Total
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
Over 400,000
1
470,480
14.34
6.53
Between
300,000 and 400,000
1
376,538
11.48
5.22
200,000 and 300,000
2
475,770
23.53
8.86
-
100,000 and 200,000
2
236,436
7.21
3.28
50,000 and 100,000
3
181,402
8.97
3.38
3
247,741
7.55
3.44
25,000 and 50,000
5
188,869
9.34
3.52
6
241.007
7.35
3.34
15,000 and 25,000
3
55,499
2.75
1.03
13
237,551
7.24
3.30
10,000 and 15,000
8
95,266
4.71
1.77
18
221,322
6.74
3.07
5,000 and 10,000
37
275,919
13.65
5.14
46
323,056
9.85
4.48
3.000 and 5,000
50
190,789
9.44
3.55
60
226,212
6.89
3.14
1,000 and 3,000
187
320,433
15.85
5.97
251
429,553
13.09
5.97
500 and 1,000
179
130^38
6.44
2.42
247
180,784
5.51
2.51
Under 500
107,614
5.32
2.00
90,284
2.75
1.25
Total
-
2,021,799
100.00
37.64
3,280,964
100.00
45.53
9. Rural and Urban Population of Canada in 1901 and 1911 by Provinces, and
increase or decrease in the decade.
Provinces.
POPULATION 1901.
POPULATION 1911.
INCREASE OR
DECREASE.
Rural.
Urban.
Rural.
Urban.
Rural.
Urban.
Prince Edward Island.
Nova Scotia
88,304
330,191
253,835
992,667
1,246,969
184,738
73,729
52,399
88,478
18,077
20.. 129
14,955
129,383
77,285
656,231
935,978
70,473
17,550
20,623
90,179
9,142
78,758
306,210
252,342
1,032,618
1,194,785
255,249
361,067
232,726
188,796
4,647
18,481
14,970
186,128
99,547
970,614
1,328,489
200,365
131,365
141,937
203,684
3,865
9,546
23,981
1,493
39,951
52,184
70,511
287,338
180,327
100,318
13,430
1,648
15
56,745
22,262
314,383
392,511
129,892
113,815
121,314
113,505
5,277
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon . .
Northwest Territories.
Canada
3,349,516
2,021,799
3,925,679
3,280,964
576,163
1,259,165
NOTE. The sign minus (-) denotes a decrease.
56
AREA AND POPULATION.
10. Rural and Urban Population of Canada by Provinces and Sexes, 1911.
Provinces.
MALES.
FEMALES.
Rural.
Urban.
Total.
Excess
of
Rural
over
Urban.
Rural.
Urban.
Total.
Excess
of
Rural
over
Urban.
Prince Edw d
Island
40,192
157,878
131,599
533,117
639,850
141,912
212,522
140,781
128,242
3,634
9,346
6,877
93,141
48,268
478,385
659,440
108,144
79,208
83,208
123,377
2,874
47,069
251,019
179,867
1,011,502
1,299,290
250,056
291,730
223,989
251,619
6,508
9,346
33,315
64,737
83,331
54,732
-19,590
33^768
133,314
57,573
4,865
760
9,346
\
38,566
148,332
120,743
499,501
554,935
113,337
148,545
91,945
60,554
1,013
9,135
8,093
92,987
51,279
492,229
669,049
92,221
52,157
58,729
80,307
991
46,659 30,473
241,319 55,345
172,022 ; 69,464
991,730 7,272
1,223,984-114,114
205,558 21,116
200,702 96,388
150,674 33,216
140,861|-19,753
2,004 22
9,135 9,135
Nova Scotia..
New Bruns
wick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba. . . .
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British
Columbia . .
Yukon
Northwest
Territories
Canada. . .
2,139,073
1,682,922
3,821,995
456,151
1,786,606
1,598,042
3,384,648
188,564
NOTE. The sign minus (-) denotes a decrease.
Sex Ratios. The male population of Canada was returned as
3,821,995 and the female as 3,384,648; so that the excess of males over
females is 437,347, which is in the, ratio of 1.13: 1, an excess per
centage of 13, or of 130 males per 1,000 females. Reciprocally the
number of females per 1,000 males is 886, the deficiency of females as
compared with males being greater in Canada than probably in any
other country. Amongst other countries showing a similar female
deficiency per 1,000 males are Ceylon (888), the Dominion of New
Zealand (896), the Commonwealth of Australia (926), the Union of
South Africa (941), the United States (943), and India (953). Except
ing India and Ceylon, where female infanticide has prevailed, the
countries named are new, and the proportions are affected by immi
gration in which the male element predominates. In England and
Wales the number of females per 1,000 males was 1,068 both in 1911
and 1901, and only Norway shows a greater proportion, viz., 1,069.
In other European countries the number of females per 1,000 males is:
Scotland 1,063, Denmark 1,061, Sweden 1,046, Austria 1,036, France
1,033 (in 1901), Switzerland 1,031, Germany 1,026, Holland 1,021,
Hungary 1,019, Belgium 1,017, Italy 1,010 (in 1901) and Ireland
1,004.
The proportions by provinces in Canada are shown in Table 11
for the two census years 1901 and 1911. For the latter year the number
57
POPULATION.
of females per 1,000 males for each province was: British Columbia
560, Manitoba 622, Alberta 673, Saskatchewan 688, Ontario 942,
New Brunswick 956, Nova Scotia 961, Quebec 980 and Prince Edward
Island 991. It will be seen that the disparity is especially marked in
the western provinces.
Table 12 shows the percentage proportion of females to males in
the rural and urban divisions of the population, respectively, for the
census year 1911. Amongst the rural population the female element
is in defect for Canada by 16.48 p.c., but amongst the urban population
it is so by only 5.05 p.c. The defect is most marked in the western
provinces. Of the urban population, in two out of the three Maritime
provinces, in Quebec and in Ontario, there is actually an excess of the
female population, such excess being as high as 17.68 p.c. in Prince
Edward Island. But in the west the female deficiency is again apparent,
though (except as regards Saskatchewan) not to the same extent as in
the rural population.
11. Population of Canada by Sexes, 1901 and 1911.
1901.
.
1911.
Provinces.
Males.
Females.
Excess
of
Males.
Males.
Females.
Excess
of
Males.
Prince Edward Island.
Nova Scotia
51,959
233,642
51,300
225,932
659
7710
47,069
251,019
46,659
241,319
410
9 700
New Brunswick
168,639
162,481
,i *.\j
6,158
179,867
172,022
7845
Quebec
824,454
824444
10
1,011 502
991 730
19 772
Ontario
1,096,640
1,086,307
10,333
1,299,290
1 223,984
75 306
Manitoba
138,504
116,707
21,797
250,056
205,558
44498
Saskatchewan
49,431
41,848
7,583
291,730
200,702
91,028
Alberta
41,019
32,003
9,016
223,989
150,674
73 315
British Columbia
Yukon
114,160
23,084
64,497
4,135
49,663
18,949
251,619
6,508
140,861
2,004
110,758
4504
Northwest Territories.
10,176
9,953
223
9,346
9,135
211
Canada
2,751,708
2,619,607
132,101
3,821,995
3,384,648
437,347
NUMBER OF FEMALES PER 1,000 MALES.
Provinces.
1901.
1911.
Provinces.
1901.
1911.
Prince Edward Island
987
991
Saskatchewan
847
688
Nova Scotia
967
961
Alberta
780
673
New Brunswick . .
963
956
British Columbia
565
560
Quebec
1,000
980
Yukon
179
308
Ontario
990
942
Northwest Territories. . . .
978
977
M^ni toba
643
622
Canada
952
886
58
AREA AND POPULATION.
12. Ratio of Females to Males in Rural and Urban Divisions, 1911,
Provinces.
Rural.
Urban.
Provinces.
Rural.
Urban.
Prince Edward Island. . .
p.c.
95.95
p.c.
117.68
Saskatchewan
p.c.
69.90
p.c.
65 85
Nova Scotia.
93.95
99.84
Alberta
65 31
70 58
New Brunswick
91.75
106.24
British Columbia
47 22
65 09
Quebec
93.69
102.89
Yukon
30 35
34 48
Ontario
86.73
101.46
Northwest Territories
97 74
TV/Tor) it, oh) a
79 86
85 28
Canada .
83 52
94 95
13. Conjugal Condition of the people of Canada, classified as single, married,
widowed, divorced, legally separated and not given, by Provinces, Census of 1911.
MALES.
Provinces.
Single.
Married.
Widow
ed.
Legally
Divorc- separ-
ed. ated.
Not
Given.
Total.
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
30,216
156,643
113,015
637,113
762,330
160,159
192,352
147,587
160,218
4,672
5,461
15,266
86,277
61,131
342,933
492,650
83,897
90,765
70,706
83,096
1,623
3,419
1,513
6,891
4,978
26,064
33,564
3,926
4,291
3,385
4,079
169
294
38
51
134
189
50
85
106
145
31
3
5
37
40
401
539
50
82
53
7 ?
2
62
1,133
652
4,857
10,018
1,884
4,155
2,152
4,011
6
167
47,069
251,019
179,867
1,011,502
1,299,290
250,056
291,730
223,989
251,619
6,508
9,346
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia. . . .
Yukon
N. W. Territories. . . .
Canada
2,369,766
1,331,853
89,154
839
1,286
29,097
3,821,995
FEMALES.
Provinces.
Single.
Married.
Widow
ed.
Divorc
ed.
Legally
separ
ated.
Not
Given.
Total.
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
28,162
139,958
15,138
84,008
3,279
16,440
8
36
10
55
62
822
46,659
241,319
New Brunswick
101,288
60,069
10,380
37
42
206
172,022
Quebec
608,366
334,564
46,658
169
511
1,462
991,730
Ontario
672,923
468,186
78,407
227
693
3,548
1,223,984
Manitoba
118,669
78,751
7,260
38
82
758
205,558
Saskatchewan
112,387
82,189
5,556
34
55
481
200,702
Alberta
83,026
62,710
4,509
37
60
332
150,674
British Columbia. . . .
Yukon
71,585
834
61,359
1,012
6,178
135
87
18
69
4
1,583
1
140,861
2,004
N. W. Territories
4,688
3,482
854
3
108
9,135
Canada
1,941,886
1,251,468
179,656
691
1,584
9,363
3,384,648
59
POPULATION.
Dwellings and Families. In 1911 the number of occupied dwellings
was 1,416,311 and the number of families 1,517,742, as compared with
1,028,892 dwellings and 1,070,747 families in 1901. The average
number of persons per dwelling in 1911 was 5.9 and per family 4.7, as
compared with 5.2 per dwelling and 5 per family in 1901. The number
of persons per family in 1911 by provinces is for Prince Edward Island
5, Nova Scotia 4.9, New Brunswick 5.7, Quebec 5.3, Ontario 4.8,
Manitoba 5.4, Saskatchewan and Alberta 4.2 and British Columbia 5.3.
14. Number of Dwellings and Families in Canada by Provinces, as shown by
the Census in 1911.
Provinces.
i
Dwellings.
Families.
Provinces.
Dwellings.
Families.
Prince Edward
i
Manitoba
84,709
92,284
Island
18,237
18,749
Saskatchewan
117,939
122,075
Nova Scotia
93,784
100,820
Alberta
88.355
91,527
New Brunswick . . .
Quebec
61,664
339,756
69,064
381,448
British Columbia..
74,685
80,792
Yukon
4,204
4,203
Ontario
528,955
552,406
j
N. W. Territories .
4,023
4,374
j
Canada
1,416,311
1,517,742
Origins of the People.- -Table 15 shows the origins of the people.
Of the total increase in population since 1901, viz., 1,835,328, the Eng
lish contributed 562,251, or 30.63 p.c., the Irish 61,663, or 3.36 p.c.,
the Scotch 197,726, or 10.77 p.c., the Welsh 11,754, or 0.06 p.c., the
French 405,519, or 22.09 p.c., the Germans 82,819, or 4.51 p.c., and
the Austro-Hungarians 110,925, or 6.05 p.c.
The British races make up 833,796, or 45.52 p.c. of the total increase?
and with the French and German account for 1,322,134, or 72 p.c. of
the total increase in the decade. Persons of British origin constituted
54.07 p.c. of the total population in 1911 as against 57.03 p.c. in 1901.
The proportion of the English to the total population increased
from 23.47 to 25.30 p.c. in the ten years, whilst the Irish fell from
18.41 to 14.58 and the Scotch from 14.90 to 13.85 p.c. The proportion
of German origin was 5.46 p.c. in 1911, as against 5.78 p.c. in 1901.
If we add the French proportion of 28J p.c. to the British proportion of
54 p.c., we get about 82 J p.c. for the two principal nationalities in
Canada, leaving 17J p.c. for all the other races.
It is noticeable that the number of Jews so described has grown
from 16,131 in 1901 to 75,681 in 1911.
60
AREA AND POPULATION
15. Origins of the people in 1901 and 1911, with increase in the ten years and
ratios per cent, of population.
Origins.
1901.
1911.
Increase in Ten
Years.
Number per
cent, of
Population.
Absolute.
Per cent.
1901.
1911.
English . .
1,260,899
988,721
800,154
13,135
286
3,063,195
1,649,371
310,501
10,947
0)
5,682
1,549
( 2 )
18,178
2,994
354
17,312
33,845
2,502
291
127,941
10,834
4,738
16,131
17,437
6,285
19,825
31,042
3,865
1,681
1,454
31,539
1,823,150
1,050,384
997,880
24,848
723
3,896,985
2,054,890
393,320
42,535
9,960
35,158
11,605
29,845
129,103
9,593
5,875
27,774
54,986
15,497
3,594
2,342
105,492
45,411
9.021
75,681
16,877
33,365
43,142
107,535
6,625
3,880
18,310
147,345
562,251
61,663
197,726
11,713
437
833,790
405,519
82,819
31,588
9,960
29,476
10,056
29,845
110,925
6,599
5,521
10,462
21,141
12,995
3,303
2,342
22,449
34,577
4,283
59,550
-560
27,080
23,317
76,493
2,760
2,199
16,856
115,806
44.59
6.24
24.71
89.17
152.80
27.22
24.59
26.67
288.55
C 1 )
518.76
649.19
( 2 )
610.22
220.41
1,559.60
60.43
62.46
519.38
1,135.05
17.55
319.15
90.39
369.16
3.21
430.87
117.61
246.42
71.41
130.81
1,158.45
367.18
23.47
18.41
14.90
.24
.01
57.03
30.71
5.78
.20
.11
.03
.34
.06
.01
.32
.63
.05
.01
2.38
.20
.09
.30
.32
.11
.37
.58
.07
.03
.03
.58
25.30
14.58
13.85
.34
.01
54.08
28.51
5.46
.59
.14
.49
.16
.41
1.79
.13
.08
.39
.76
.20
.05
.03
1.46
.63
.13
1.05
.23
.46
.60
1.49
.09
.05
.25
2.04
Irish
Scotch
Welsh .
Other
Total British
French
German
Austrian
Bukowinian
Galician
Hungarian
Ruthenian
Total Austro-Hungarian .
Belgian
Bulgarian and Rumanian . .
Chinese
Dutch .
Finnish
Grecian
Hindu
Indian 3
Italian
Japanese
Jewish
Negro
Polish
Russian
Scandinavian
Swiss
Turkish
Various
Unspecified
Total Population
5,371,315
7,206,643
1,835,328
34.17
100.00
100.00
Included under the general term Austrian,
included half-breeds in 1901.
Included under the general term Galician.
61
POPULATION.
Religions of the People. Tables 16 and 17 show the specified
religions at the Census of 1911, which numbered 79 for a population of
7,173,513, as compared with 57 in 1901 for a population of 5,327,224.
The remaining 32,490 in 1911, compared with 43,222 in 1901, were
persons without specified religion, including those specified as of " no
religion." The four leading denominations remain in the same order as
in 1901, and are Roman Catholic (2,833,041), Presbyterian (1,115,324),
Methodist (1,079,892) and Anglican (1,043,017). These together
account for 6,071,274, or 84 p.c. of the total population. Of the four
denominations the Roman Catholic shows the greatest absolute increase,
viz., 603,441, the Anglican comes next with 361,523, then the Presby
terian with 272,882 and the Methodist with 163,006; but relatively
the Anglican leads with an increase of 53.05 p.c., the percentage pro
portions in the other three cases being Presbyterian 32.39, Roman
Catholic 27.06 and Methodist 17.78.
16. Religions of the people, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911.
Religions.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Adventists
7,211
6,354
8,058
10,406
Anglicans
577,414
646,059
681,494
1,043,017
Baptists .
296,525
303,839
318,005
382,666
Christians .
6,900
16,773
Congregationalists
26,900
28,157
28,293
34,054
Disciples
20,193
12,763
14,900
11,329
Eastern Religions 1
4,383
9,129
15,570
28,418
Evangelicals
10,193
10,595
Greek Church ... .
_
15,630
88,507
Jews . .
2,393
6,414
16,401
74,564
Lutherans ;
46,350
63,982
92,524
229,864
Mennonites
I 2 )
( 2 )
31,797
44,611
Methodists
742,981
847,765
916,886
1,079,892
Mormons . .
6,891
15,971
No Religion
2,634
_
4,810
26,027
Pagans
4,478
_
15,107
11,840
Presbyterians
676,165
755,326
842,442
1,115,324
Protestants . .
6,519
12,253
11,612
30,265
Roman Catholics
1,791,982
1,992,017
2,229,600
2,833,041
Salvation Army
13,949
10,308
18,834
All others .
36,296
54,965
50,672
68,155
Unspecified
82,386
80,267
43,222
32,490
Totals
4,324,810
4,833,239
5,371,315
7,206,643
Eastern religions in this table includes Confucians, Bflddhists, Mohammedans, Shintos, Sikhs
and Hindus.
*For the years 1881 and 1891 Mennonites are included with Baptists.
62
AREA AND POPULATION.
17. Religions numbering 5,000 adherents and over, 1901 and 1911, with absolute
and relative increase or decrease for the decade.
Religions.
1901.
1911.
Increase.
Increase,
p.c.
Adventists.
8,058
10,406
2,348
29 14
Anglicans.
681,494
1,043,017
361,523
53.05
Baptists . .
318,005
382,666
64,661
20.33
Brethren .
8,014
9,278
1,264
15.77
Buddhists
10,407
10,012
395
3.80
Christian Scientists
2,619
5,073
2,454
93.70
Christians
6,900
16,773
9,873
143.09
Confucians
5,115
14,562
9,447
184.69
Congregationalists
28,293
34,054
5,761
20.36
Disciples
14,900
11,329
-3,571
-23.96
Doukhobors
8,775
10,493
1,718
19 . 58
Evangelicals.
10.193
10,595
402
3.94
Greek Church
15,630
88,507
72,877
466.26
Jews
16,401
74,564
58,163
354.63
Lutherans . .
92,524
229,864
137.340
148.43
Mennonites
31,797
44,611
12,814
40.30
Methodists
916,886
1,079,892
163,006
17.78
Mormons .
6,891
15,971
9,080
131.77
No religion
4,810
26,027
21,217
441 . 10
Pagans
15,107
11,840
-3,267
21.63
Presbyterians
842,442
1,115,324
272,882
32.39
Protestants
11,612
30,265
18,653
160.64
Roman Catholics
2,229,600
2,833,041
603,441
27.06
Salvation Army
10,308
18,834
8,526
82.71
Unspecified
43,222
32,490
10,732
24.83
Totals of 5,000 and over. . .
5,340,003
7,159,488
1,819,485
34.07
NOTE. The minus sign ( ) denotes a decrease.
Birthplace and Citizenship.- -Table 18 shows the birthplace of the
population in 1901 and 1911. In 1901, out of a total population of
5,371,315, 4,671,815, or 86.98 p.c., were Canadian-born; in 1911, out
of 7,206,643, 5,619,682, or 77.98 p.c., were Canadian-born, the decrease
in the ratio being caused by the large immigration during the decade.
The foreign-born population were, in 1901, 278,449, or 5.18 p.c. of the
total, and, in 1911, 752,732, or 10.44 p.c. of the total. Comparing the
proportions it will be seen that the native population of Canada has
increased by 20.29 p.c., natives of the British Islands by 101.15 p.c.,
the total of the British-born by 26.72 p.c. and the total of the foreign-
born by 170.33 p.c. In the case of the foreign-born, however, the per
centages apply to relatively small numbers, and consequently their
significance is considerably less. Table 19 compares the British and
foreign-born population by provinces for 1901 and 1911.
Other tables relating to the population of cities and towns by
birthplace; the source of the population by province of residence; the
native population by province of residence; the distribution in western
Canada of natives of the eastern provinces ; the foreign-born population
and the British- and foreign-born male population of 21 years and
over were published in the Canada Year Book, 1913 (Tables 20-25, pp.
75-80).
63
POPULATION.
18. Birthplace of the Population, 1901 and 1911,
Birthplace.
Population.
Increase in 10
Years.
Per cent, of
total popula
tion born in
specified
country.
1901.
1911.
No.
p.c.
1901.
1911.
British-Born ... . ...
5,092,527
4,671,815
105,629
442,898
317,062
1,620,482
1,928,099
110,742
65,784
60,776
6,969
13,374
390,019
201,285
101,629
83,631
2,518
956
15,864
991
1,076
12,432
374
128
863
14,829
278,449
125,549
28,407
2,280
1,066
2,075
7,944
27,300
213
385
6,057
6,854
10,256
31,231
1,481
6,453,104
5,619,682
103,410
476,210
345,253
1,937,914
2,228,470
209,186
186,722
87,935
20,347
24,235
784,526
510,674
92,874
169,391
8,727
2,860
29,188
2,655
4^91
15,469
903
1,166
4,504
19,708
752,732
404,941
121,430
7,975
9,657
4,937
17,619
39,577
2,640
3,808
7,109
34,739
49,194
100,971
5,285
1,360,577
947,867
-2,219
33,312
28,191
317,432
300,371
98,444
120,938
27,159
13,378
10,861
394,507
309,389
8,755
85,760
6,209
1,904
13,324
1,664
3,415
3,037
529
1,038
3,641
4,879
474,283
279,392
93.023
5,695
8,591
2,862
9,675
12,277
2,427
3,423
1,052
27,885
38,938
69,740
3,804
26.72
20.29
-2.10
7.52
8.89
19.59
15.58
88.89
183.84
44.69
191.96
81.21
101.15
153.71
8.61
102.55
246.58
199.16
83.99
167.91
317.38
24.43
141.44
810.94
421.90
32.90
170.33
222.54
327.47
249.78
805.91
137.93
121.79
44.97
1,139.44
889.09
17.37
406.84
379.66
223.30
256.85i
i
94.81
86.98
1.97
8.25
5.90
0.17
35.90
32.06
1.22
1.13
0.13
0.25
7.26
3.75
1.89
1.56
.05
.02
.29
.02
.02
.23
.01
.00
.02
.28
5 18
2.34
.53
.04
.02
.04
.15
.51
.00
.01
.11
.13
.19
.58
.03
89.54
77.98
1.43
6.61
4.79
26.89
30.92
2.90
2.59
1.22
.28
.34
10.89
7.09
1.29
2.35
.12
.04
.41
.04
.06
.21
.01
.02
.06
.27
10.44
5.62
1.68
.11
.13
.07
.24
.55
.04
.05
.10
.48
.68
1.40
.07
Canada
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec ....
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan and Alberta. .
British Columbia ....
Yukon and N.W. Territories
Not given ....
British Islands
England .... . ....
Ireland
Scotland. .
Wales
Lesser Isles
British Possessions. . .
Australia ....
India
Newfoundland
New Zealand
South Africa
Other possessions
British unknown . .
Foreign-Born
Europe
Austria-Hun garv .
-* t *^
Belgium
Bulgaria and Rumania
Denmark
France
Germanv ....
Greece
Holland
Iceland
Italy
Norway and Sweden
Russia
Other
NOTE. The minus sign ( ) denotes a decrease.
64
AREA AND POPULATION.
18. Birthplace of the Population, 1901 and 1911 concluded.
Birthplace.
Population.
Increase in 10
Years.
Per cent, of
total popula
tion born in
specified
country.
1901.
1911.
No.
p.c.
1901.
1911.
Asia
23,580
17,043
188
4,674
1,222
357
96
127,899
699
722
339
40,946
27,083
147
8,425
2,907
1,861
523
303,680
211
2,954
807
17,366
10,040
-41
3,751
1,685
1,504
427
175,781
488
2,232
468
73.65
58.91
21.81
80.25
137.89
421.29
444.79
137.44
69.81
309.14
138.05
.44
.32
.00
.09
.02
.01
.00
2.38
.01
.01
.01
.57
.38
.00
.12
.04
.03
.01
4.21
.00
.04
.01
China
East Indies
Japan
Syria. .
Turkey .
Other
United States
West Indies
Other countries
At sea
Total population
5,371,315 7,206,643
1,835,328
34.17
19. British-born and Foreign-born by Population of Provinces,
1901 and 1911.
British-born.
Foreign-born.
Total
Provinces.
Popu
lation 1 .
Canada.
British 1^
Islands P ? sses -
Europe Asia.
United
States.
Vari
ous.
S1OI1K.
P.E.I 19Q1
103,259
99,006
2,852
493
53
33
764
10
1911
93,728
91,154
1,373 236
79
19
829
5
Increase
or decrease.
-9,531
7,852
-1,479
257
26
14
65
5
N.S.. .1901
459,574
435,172
10,889
6.725
1,377
327
4,394
179
1911
492,338
456,063
15,863 8,737
5,217
540
4,802
413
Increase.
32,764
20,891
4,974 2,012
3,840
213
408
234
N.B 1901
331,120
313,178
10,226
680
1,006
202
5,477
72
1911
351,889
333,576
8,729
810
2,052
257
5,766
59
Increase
or decrease.
20,769
20,398
-1,497
130
1,046
55
289
-13
Que 1901
1,648,898
1,560,190
42,600
2,648
12,022
1,680
28,405
166
1911
2,003,232
1,856,699
67,920 2,971
41,191
2,844
29,842
544
Increase.
354,334
296,509
25,320
323
29,169 1,164
1,437
378
i
Includes unknown and those born at sea.
65
POPULATION.
19. British-born and Foreign-born by Population of Provinces,
1901 and 1911 concluded.
British-born.
Foreign-born.
Total
Provinces.
Popula
T"* * J_ 1
tion.
Canada.
British
Islands
British
Posses-
Europe
Asia.
United
States
Vari
ous.
sions.
Ont.. .1901
2,182,947 1,858,787
239.873
2,530
30.895
1,343
44,175
500
1911
2,523,274 2,015,445348,681
5,084
86^967
5,388
55,674 735
Increase.
340,327! 156,658
108,808
2,554
56,072
4,045
11,499
235
Man . . 1901
255,211 180,859
33,093
424
32.907
305
6,922
67
1911
455,614 264,828
90,622
984
78^51
1,099
16,326
212
Increase.
200,403; 83,969
57,529
560
45,144
794
9,404
145
Sask 1901
90,125 54,254
9,666
118
22,631
73
2,758
41
1911
492,432 248,751
y ^^^
76,854
839
91,104
1,519
69,628
359
Increase.
402,307; 194,497
67,188
721
68,473 1,446
66,870
318
Alberta 1901
68,815 37,281
7,681
147
12,045 251
11,119
63
1911
374,663 162,237
65,839
1,416
58,771 2,216
81,357
367
Increase.
305,848 124,956
58,158
1,269
46,726
1,965
70,238
304
B.C 1901
178, 657 j 99,612
30,630
1,843
9,400
19,165
17,164
381
1911
392,480; 169,322
107,345
7,435
40,131
26,988
37,548 430
Increase.
213,823
69,710
76,715
5,592
30,731
7,823
20,384
49
Yukon and
N.W.T..1901
52,709 33,476
2,509
256
3,213 105
6,721 38
1911
26,993 21,607
1,300
676
1,378
76
1,908 41
Increase
3
or decrease.
25,716
-11,869
-1,209
420
-1,835
29
4,813
3
Canada 1901
5,371,315
4,671,815390,019
15,864 125,549
23,580
127.899 1.421
1911
7,206,643
5,619,682784,526
29,188|404,941
40,946303,680 3,165
Increase.
1,835,328
947,867394,507
13,324
279,392
17,366
175,781 1,744
Population by Age-periods. In Tables 20-24 is shown the distribu
tion of the population of Canada by age-periods. Table 20 shows the
male and female population of Canada by age-periods of under five
years and in different periods from 5 to 64. This classification cor
responds generally with recognized age-periods of life. Thus the years
under five are those of infancy, 5 to 14 of school life, 15 to 24 of appren
ticeship, etc., 25 to 44 of the prime of manhood, 45 to 64 of middle life,
and 65 years and over of old age. Table 21 gives the male and female
population in quinquennial age-periods by provinces. Table 22 gives
the proportions per 1,000 of the population in age-periods by provinces
for 1911 and for Canada only for 1901. From this table it will be seen
that the largest proportion per 1,000 of persons under ten years is in
the province of Quebec with 273. 508, as compared with 271.456 in 1901,
when it also held the premier position. The lowest proportion is found
in British Columbia with 166.345, followed by Ontario with 200.316
66
AREA AND POPULATION.
per 1,000; these two provinces occupied the same relative positions in
1901, the former having 169.374 and the latter 208.393 per 1,000.
The provinces which show an improvement at this age are Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Quebec. The greatest falling off is shown by
Manitoba, which has dropped from 270.094 to 248.677, and by Prince
Edward Island, which has fallen from 232.086 to 214.450 per 1,000.
The western provinces are the regions of young men and women, as
is shown by the large percentage of the population between the ages of
20 and 45. It is an interesting fact that the highest proportion for this
age-period is to be found in British Columbia, and that as we come
eastward the proportion assumes a constantly decreasing figure. The
provinces showing the largest proportion over 70 years of age are Prince
Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Ontario, with 52.9,
46.6, 38.1, and 34.7 respectively per 1,000, while those showing the
lowest are Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Columbia and Manitoba,
with 8.2, 8.8, 12.3 and 13.3 per 1,000 respectively. That Canada is
pre-eminently a country of young people is shown by the fact that
812.9 persons in every 1,000 of the population of known age are under
45 years. As there are only five persons in every 1,000, or 0.5 per
cent, of the total population for whom an age is not given, the numbers
of unknown age were not eliminated in making the computations.
Table 23 shows the proportion per 1,000 of the population by age-
periods for the census years 1871 to 1911.
Table 24 deals with the conjugal condition of the people 15 years
of age and over. As the proportion of divorces for both sexes is only
about six in every 10,000, the percentages for them are not worked out.
Of the total male population 62 p.c. are single, 34.85 p.c. are married
and 2.33 p.c. are widowed; of the total female population, 57.37 p.c.
are single, 36.97 p.c. are married and 5.31 p.c. are widowed. The
records show that one male and 30 females under the age of 15 had
assumed the cares of married life. The one adventurous male was a
foreigner in Alberta, while the females comprised seventeen Canadian-
born, five British-born and eight foreign-born. Of the native-born
four resided in New Brunswick, four in Ontario and nine in Quebec.
Of the British-born two lived in Alberta, and one each in British
Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, while of the foreign-born
married females under 15 years of age three were in Alberta, one was in
British Columbia, two were in Ontario and two in Saskatchewan. It
will be observed that only 1.2 p.c. of males and 6.9 p.c. of females be
tween the ages of 15 and 19 were married. Of the total male and female
population between the ages of 20 and 40 years of age 45.8 p.c. of the
former and 63.6 p.c. of the latter were married. The percentage of the
widowed is greater for females at every age-period, starting with those
in the 15-19 group, and the disproportion becomes more marked as
the years advance. This apparently shows that the rate of mortality
is greater among married males than among married females, or it
may be that the latter remain widowed to a greater extent than the
former.
67
POPULATION
20. Male and Female Population of Canada in Age-Periods, 1911.
Age-Periods.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Under 5 years.
No.
448,219
No.
439,264
No.
887,483
p.c.
11.73
p.c.
12.98
p.c.
12.32
5 to 14 "
749,956
733,608
1,483,564
19.62
21.67
20.59
15 to 24 "
737,099
649,564
1,386,663
19.29
19.19
19.24
25 to 44 "
1,151,726
919,042
2,070,768
30.13
27.15
28.73
45 to 64 "
538,703
469,016
1,007,719
14.09
13.86
13.98
65 years and over . . .
Age not given
169,605
26,687
164,158
9,996
333,763
36,683
4.44
0.70
4.85
0.30
4.63
0.51
All Ages .
3.821.995
3.384.648
7.206.643
100.00
100.00
100.00
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by
Provinces, 1911.
Age-Periods.
Prince Edward Island.
Nova Scotia.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Under 1 year
995
4,075
5,167
5,462
5,387
3,955
3,054
2,601
2,424
2,294
2,214
2,044
1,724
1,860
1,407
1,054
705
335
212
62
7
1
30
959
3,907
4,997
5,056
5,194
4,131
3,230
2,697
2,475
2,280
2,174
2,100
1.776
1,618
1,457
1,103
776
406
209
69
20
1
24
1,954
7,982
10,164
10,518
10,581
8,086
6,284
5,298
4,899
4,574
4,388
4,144
3,500
3,478
2,864
2,157
1,481
741
421
131
27
2
54
5,866
23,951
28,061
26,271
25,426
22,076
18,903
16,580
15 ; 160
13,039
11,400
9,920
7,905
8,296
6,571
4,984
3,232
1,738
725
197
61
7
650
5,887
22,833
27,610
25,475
24,697
21,443
17,640
14,697
13,991
12,014
10,876
9,625
7,951
7,697
6,485
4,868
3,474
2,181
1,038
340
90
10
397
11,753
46,784
55,671
51,746
50,123
43,519
36,543
31,277
29,151
25,053
22,276
19,545
15,856
15,993
13,056
9,852
6,706
3,919
1,763
537
151
17
1,047
1- 4 years
5- 9 * "
10-14 "
15-19 "
20-24 "
25-29 "
30-34 "
35-39 "
40-44 "
45-49 "
50-54 "
55-59 "
60-64 "
65-69 "
70-74 "
75-79 "
80-84 "
85-89 "
90-94 "
95-99 "
100 and over
Age not given
All ages
47,069
46,659
93,728
251,019
241,319
492,338
68
AREA AND POPULATION.
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by
Provinces, 1911 con.
Age-Periods.
New Brunswick.
Quebec.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female. Total.
Under 1 year
4,677
18,146
20,848
19,570
18,818
15,382
12,897
11,370
10,480
8,957
8,299
7,369
5,756
5,721
4,244
3,166
2,032
1,029
392
125
37
8
544
4,541
17,629
20,399
18,669
17,736
15,553
12,841
10,616
9,626
8,436
7,764
6,816
5,562
4,991
3,993
2,953
1,944
1,072
493
139
22
6
221
9,218
35,775
41,247
38,239
36,554
30,935
25,738
21,986
20,106
17,393
16,063
14,185
11,318
10,712
8,237
6,119
3,976
2,101
885
264
59
14
765
31,529
114,377
128,195
111,422
100,554
90,931
77,949
67,261
57,939
48,069
41,576
36,819
29,479
25,004
18,394
12,798
8,151
4,125
1,625
433
99
8
4,765
31,165
113,995
128,640
110,750
99,644
91,362
76,388
64,147
54,979
45,918
40,218
35,503
28,290
23,954
18,060
12,753
8,179
4,350
1,814
522
139
13
947
62,694
228,372
256,835
222,172
200,198
182,293
154,337
131,408
112,918
93,987
81,794
72,322
57,769
48,958
36,454
25,551
16,330
8,475
3,439
955
238
21
5,712
1 4 years
5-9
10-14 "
15-19 "
20-24 "
25-29 "
30-34 "
35-39 "
40-44 "
45-49 "
50-54 "
55-59 "
60-64 "
65-69 "
70-74 "
75-79 "
80-84 "
85-89 "
90-94 "
95-99 "
100 and over
Age not given
All ages
179,867
172,022
351,889
1,011,502
991,730
2,003,232
Age-Periods.
Ontario.
Manitoba.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Under 1 year
27,111
105,826
123,165
118,421
122,631
127,710
119,854
101,860
88,871
77,153
68,456
59,648
45,045
36,787
27,586
20,231
13,199
6,877
2,733
736
169
24
5,197
26,316
102,968
120,968
114,597
116,814
118,160
107,511
92,789
82,294
72,258
64,052
56,342
41,785
35,207
27,008
20,426
12,664
6,826
2,734
790
193
13
2,169
53,427
208,794
243,233
233,018
239,445
245,870
227,365
194,649
171,165
149,411
132,508
115,990
86,830
71,994
54,594
40,657
25,863
13,703
5,467
1,526
362
37
7,366
6,747
24,902
25,592
21,648
22,117
28,210
28,297
22,736
17,325
13,886
10,950
8,858
5,921
4,278
2,665
1,670
938
469
181
44
13
1
2,608
6,590
24,333
25,137
21,167
20,656
21,239
19,830
16,076
12,576
9,969
8,059
6,465
4,401
3,116
2,120
1,350
820
381
141
49
11
5
1,067
13,337
49,235
50,729
42,815
42,773
49,449
48,127
38,812
29,901
23,855
19,009
15,323
10,322
7,394
4,785
3,020
1,758
850
322
93
24
6
3,675
1- 4 years
5- 9 "
10-14 "
15-19 "
20-24 "
25-29 u
30-34 "
35-39 "
40-44 "
45-49 "
50-54 "
55-59 "
60-64 "
65-69 "
70-74 "
75-79 "
80-84 "
85-89 "
90-94 "
95-99 "
100 and over
Age not given
All ages. .
1.229.290 1.223.984
2.523.274
250.056
205.558
455.614
69
POPULATION.
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by
Provinces, 1911 con.
Age-Periods.
Saskatchewan. Alberta.
Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.
Under 1 year
7,467
28,510
27,389
21,475
22,776
37,990
39,629
30,267
21,736
15,210
11,001
8,926
5,927
4,221
2,462
1,339
688
341
119
29
14
1
4,215
7,544
27,479
26,357
20,675
17,882
19,813
19,797
16,301
12,179
9,025
6,860
5,647
3,777
2,752
1,653
934
500
243
91
34
9
7
1,143
15,011
55,989
53,746
42,150
40,658
57,803
59,426
46,568
33,915
24,235
17,861
14,573
9,704
6,973
4,115
2,273
1,186
584
210
63
. 23
8
5,358
5,174
19,473
20,280
16,618
17,123
28,035
29,888
23,682
17,622
13,094
9,429
7,820
4,784
3,293
1,780
931
539
207
78
20
6
3
4,110
5,013
18,782
19,303
15,744
13,868
14,212
14,629
12,857
10,044
7,487
5,748
4,579
2,930
1,984
1,187
704
358
150
52
18
8
1,017
10,187
38,255
39,583
32,362
30,991
42,247
44,517
36,539
27,666
20,581
15,177
12,399
7,714
5,277
2,967
1,635
897
357
130
38
14
3
5,127
1 4 years
5- 9 "
10-14
15-19
20-24 "
25-29 "
30-34 "
35-39 "
40-44 "
45-49 "
50-54 "
55-59 "
60-64 "
65-69 "
70-74 "
75-79 "
80-84 "
85-89 "
90-94 "
95-99
100 and over
Age not given
All ages
291,730 200,702 492,432 223,989 150,674 374,663
Age Periods.
British Columbia.
Northwest Territories.
Male.
Female.
Total. Male. Female.
Total.
Under 1 year
3,726
14,185
15,062
12,989
15,489
30,461
38,650
32,622
24,973
20,034
14,390
10,533
5,939
4,564
2,364
1,524
746
412
113
45
11
9
2,778
3,710
14,256
14,348
12,367
11,778
13,692
15,087
13,851
11,060
8,712
6,609
4,962
3,446
2,285
1,437
1,001
503
296
106
42
6
2
1,305
7,436
28,441
29,410
25,356
27,267
44,153
53,737
46,473
36,033
28,746
20,999
15,495
9,385
6,849
3,801
2,525
1,249
708
219
87
17
11
4,083
192
1,017
1,082
888
717
639
580
515
451
394
298
281
166
145
79
73
28
14
6
1
1,780
190
934
1,143
772
705
672
555
539
430
394
313
240
136
155
102
89
29
16
8
6
4
1
1,702
382
1,951
2,225
1,660
1,422
1,311
1,135
1,054
881
788
611
521
302
300
181
162
57
30
14
7
4
1
3,482
1- 4 years
5- 9 * "
10-14 u
15-19 "
20-24 "
25-29 "
30-34 "
35-39 "
40-44 "
45-49 "
50-54 "
55-59 "
60-64 a
65-69 "
70-74 u
75-79 "
80-84 "
85-89 "
90-94 *
95-99 "
100 and over
Age not given
All ages
251,619 140,861 392,480 9,346 9,135 18,481
70
AREA AND POPULATION.
21. Male and Female Population of Canada in Quinquennial Age-Periods and by
Provinces, 1911 concluded.
A T> * 1
Yukon.
Canada.
Age-Periods.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Under 1 year
29
31
60
93 513
91 946
185 459
1 4 years
244
202
446
354 706
347 318
702 024
5-9""
204
205
409
395 045
388 207
783 252
10-14 "
147
129
276
354 911
345 401
700 31 2
15-19 "
206
155
361
351 244
329 129
680 373
20-24 tt
466
158
624
385 855
320 435
m290
25-29 "
793
176
969
370 494
287 684
658 178
30-34 "
845
207
1 052
310 339
244 777
555 116
35-39 "
894
250
1 144
257 875
209 904
467 779
40-44 "
888
184
1 072
213 018
176 677
389 695
45-49 "
702
95
797
178,715
152 768
331 483
50-54 "
500
87
587
152 718
132 366
285 084
55-59 "
306
42
348
112 952
100 096
213 048
60-64 "
149
27
176
94,318
83 786
ml 04
65-69 "
74
21
95
67,626
63 523
131 149
70-74 "
37
16
53
47 807
46 197
94 006
75-79 "
10
13
23
20,266
39 260
59 521
80-84 "
3
3
15,550
15 921
31 471
85-89 "
1
1
6,184
6 687
12 873
90-94 "
1
1
2
1 693
2 010
3 709
95-99 tt
417
502
910
100 and over
^_
_
62
58
123
Age not given
10
4
14
26,687
9,996
36 683
All ages
6,508
2,004
8,512
3,821,995
3,384,648
7,206,643
22. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population in Age-Periods, by Provinces 1911,
with Totals 1901.
Provinces.
0-9
years.
10-19
years.
20-44
years.
45-69
years.
70 years
& over.
Age not
given.
Prince Edward Island
214.450
225.109
310.910
196 035
52.919
0.576
Nova Scotia
231 971
206 909
336 238
176 151
46 604
2 126
New Brunswick
245 077
212 . 547
330 098
171 972
38.131
2.174
Quebec
273 508
210 844
336 927
148 409
27 460
2 851
Ontario
200 316
187 . 242
391 737
183 062
34.723
2.919
Manitoba
248 677
187 852
417 336
124 739
13 329
8 066
Saskatchewan
253 326
168 161
450 716
108 088
8.827
10.881
Alberta
234 944
169 093
457 878
116 195
8 205
13 684
British Columbia
166 345
134 078
532 873
144 030
12.270
10.403
Canada, 1911
231 832
191 585
385 347
158 030
28.115
5.090
Canada, 1901
234.371
210.906
356.773
158.332
30.480
9 137
NOTE. The statistics for the Yukon and the Northwest Territories are not given in the table, but
are included in the total population of Canada.
71
POPULATION.
23. Proportion per 1,000 of the Population by Age-Periods, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901
and 1911.
Age-Periods.
1871.
1881.
1891.
1901.
1911.
Under 1 year
30.567
28.019
24.922
24.497
25.734
1 4 years
115.649
108.508
99.963
95.211
97.413
5- 9 " "
140.691
128.251
121.242
114.663
108.685
10-19 "
239.854
227.404
219.712
210.906
191.585
20-29 "
171.436
175.957
178.080
173.550
189.335
30-39 "
111.404
113.099
122.079
129.259
141.938
40-49 "
79.995
83.817
88.441
98.494
100.071
50-59 "
54.788
58.086
62.360
67.886
69.121
60 and over
55.128
63.269
70.141
76.396
71.027
Not given
0.487
13.589
13.059
9.137
5.090
24. Conjugal Condition of the Population, 15 years of Age and Over, 1911.
Age-
Periods.
Total
Popula
tion.
Single.
Married.
Widowed.
Di
vorced
Un
known
No..
Per
cent.
No.
Per
cent.
No.
Per
cent.
No.
No.
15-19 Years-
Male
351,244
329,129
756,349
608,119
568,214
454,681
391,733
329,445
265,670
232,462
161,944
147,309
78,073
75,457
21,734
22,608
346,439
305,720
521,932
283,567
171,640
82,804
67,642
42,053
31,299
26,057
14,974
15,245
5,690
7,307
1,341
2,101
98.63
92.89
69.01
46.63
30.21
18.21
17.27
12.76
11.79
11.21
9.25
10.35
7.29
9.68
6.17
9.29
4,226
22,914
224,771
318,603
383,845
357,610
308,517
262,590
216,050
168,853
125,690
85,348
52,366
27,658
10,750
3,953
1.20
6.96
29.72
52.39
67.55
78.65
78.76
79.71
81.32
72.64
77.61
57.94
67.07
36.65
49.46
17.48
57
184
2,574
4,083
8,129
12,088
12,442
23,071
16,272
35,987
19,663
45,627
19,040
39,690
9,276
16,186
0.02
0.06
0.34
0.67
1.43
2.66
3.18
7.00
6.12
15.48
12.14
30.97
24.39
52.60
42.68
71.59
6
13
229
333
386
529
529
546
457
443
313
261
133
103
31
22
516
298
6,843
1,533
4,214
1,650
2,603
1,185
1,592
1,122
1,304
828
844
699
336
346
Female . . .
20-29 Years-
Male
Female . . .
30-39 Years-
Male
Female . . .
40-49 Years-
Male
Female . . .
50-59 Years-
Male
Female . . .
60-69 Years-
Male
Female . . .
70-79 Years-
Male
Female . . .
80-89 Years-
Male
Female . . .
.^ ^
3 (LIBRAE
^^r>
72
AREA AND POPULATION.
24. Conjugal Condition of the Population, 15 years of Age and Over, 1911 concluded.
Age
Periods.
Total
Popula
tion.
Single.
Married.
Widowed.
Di
vorced
Un
known
No.
Per
cent.
No.
Per
cent.
No.
Per
cent.
No.
No.
~ **! <*
90-99 Years-
Male
2,110
2,512
62
58
26,687
9,996
4,835,596
2,623,820
2,211,776
7,206,643
3,821,995
3,384,648
129
235
2
3
10,504
3,952
1,940,636
1,171,592
769,044
4,311,652
2,369,766
1,941,886
6.11
9.36
3.23
5.17
39.36
39.54
40.13
44.65
34.77
59.83
62.00
57.37
727
228
17
4
4,893
3,677
2,583,290
1,331,852
1,251,438
2,583,321
1,331,853
1,251,468
34.46
9.08
27.42
6.90
18.33
36.78
53.42
50.76
56.58
35.85
34.85
36.97
1,229
1,996
34
49
438
695
268,810
89,154
179,656
268,810
89,154
179,656
58.25
79.46
54.84
84.48
1.64
6.95
5.56
3.40
8.12
3.73
2.33
5.31
2
5
1
38
20
4,400
2,125
2,275
4,400
2,125
2,275
23
48
8
2
10,814
1,652
38,460
29,097
9,363
38,460
29,097
9,363
Female . . .
100 & Over-
Male
Female . . .
Agen tgiv n
Male
Female . . .
Total
15 years and
Over
Male
Female. . .
Tl. All ages.
Male
Female. . .
Infirmities. Table 25 shows the number of blind, deaf and dumb,
insane and idiotic persons, classified by conjugal condition, age, origin,
birthplace and occupation, as returned at the Census of 1911. The
total number of the infirm was 28,611, of whom 15,530 were males and
13,081 were females. The number of the blind were 3,238, of deaf and
dumb 4,584, of insane 14,702 and of idiotic 5,387. Table 26 classifies
the infirm by provinces for 1911 with, for comparison, totals of the pre
vious census years 1881,1891 and 1901. In 1911 a distinction was made
for the first time between the idiotic and the insane.
25. Numbers of the Infirm by Conjugal Condition, Age, Origin,
Birthplace and Occupation, 1911.
Schedule.
Blind.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Insane.
Idiotic.
Total
Infirm.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
Conjugal Condition-
Single
776
779
285
10
618
329
429
12
1,792
589
98
12
1,516
472
100
5
5,003
1,769
264
652
3,731
2 ; 494
461
328
3,256
166
59
20
2,279
169
117
21
10,827
3,303
706
694
8,144
3,464
1,107
366
Married
Widowed
Unspecified
25.-
73
POPULATION.
-Numbers of the Infirm by Conjugal Condition, Age, Origin,
Birthplace and Occupation concluded.
Schedule.
Blind.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Insane. Idiotic.
Total
Infirm.
M.
F. M.
F. M. F. M.
F.
M.
Age-
Under 10
10 to 19
20 to 39
40 to 59
60 to 79
80 and over
Not given
Age incapacitated
Under 5
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 49
50 and over
Not given
Origins
English
Irish
Scotch
French
German
Austro-Hungarian. .
Italian
Scandinavian
Russian
Indian
Various
Not given
Birthplace-
Canada
England
Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Austria-Hungary. .
France
Germany
Italy
Norway
Russia
Sweden
Other European. . . .
Asiatic
Various .
85
149
327
440
619
222
8
384
100
74
409
450
433
392
294
237
606
95
9
7
20
6
117
47
20
,455
132
79
55
3
10
3
23
6
8
6
8
1
61
530
145
46
84
24
107
77
Non-productive 242
Unspecified 595
Occupations-
Agricultural
Commercial
Building Trades ....
Manufacturers
Domestic
Labourer
Professional .
Total
1,850
65 299
123 448
212! 812
258; 590
465; 255
262 69
31 18
309 ! 2,270
86
53
192! 31
430 55
318
245
182
123
505
310
178 313
567
62
7
4
85
40
15
1,003
125
41
4
26
21
30
70
43
,1402,115
80 109
52 28
36
2
4
n
11
1
15
3
2
1
39
46
1
31
5
16
1
4
32
6
12
85
302 928
64 147
34 152
66 257
30 54
89 487
18 21
122 115
663 330
263 47
402i 212
6822,5962
4562,899
23i:i,199
50| 82
653
33 225
158 748
,0371,356
2,943
1,359
114
370
750
337
46
39
1,879 386
7j 105
6j 93
312,578
34 562
1363,
9643
3432,199
109! 87
78 ! 75
2,267; 218
636] 79
,581 ! 843
427 1,059
275 734
273 583
8202,081
124 130
31
2
11
10
21
63
34
54
79
23
54 131
452,7172
922
704
511
1,983
99
35
11
36
35
19
77
2,582
142
483
1,005
620
263
57
16
1,647
43
43
176
85
592
656
1,557
5,091
4,679
2,410
419
718
5,239
297
249
3,236
1,146
5,363
757
629
508
1,180
169
17
12
8
23
82
116
367
811
140
12
3
8
6
14
60
82
1,8345,489
83 491
22 188
19 136
5,4613,213
339 83
205 32
1
20
2
10
1!
i
18;
8
1
8
59
12
45
22
18
72
29
25
39
73 1,055
630 475
113 158
80 85
176 124
115 25
158 356
20 45
64 63
7376,357
135
3
32
10
30
a
35;
20
15
1
719;
227
74
21
78
476
32
30
54
6,022
32
2
11
2
12
1
2
9
3
9
90
1,351
179
83
801
63
391
21
146
1,187
1,3882,491
2,0937,6887,0143,501
562! 2,713
521J 1,967
1,641
4,870
519
130
45
112
114
193
330
2,896
12,272
815
327
269
14
111
22
96
30
24
121
44
54
40
2,376
63
31
17
1
3
5
9
1
1
13
1
6
1
58! 1,291
782J
91
65
81
80
165
20
118
1,184
3,284
629
366
545
166
1,341
164
566
8,469
503
1,166
3,936
4,277
2,318
483
398
4,178
245
180
2,666
1,185
4,627
2,156
1,682
1,329
4,181
425
81
16
62
55
139
231
2,724
10,811
565
310
207
7
59
19
60
7
6
81
25
31
4
889
1,941
342
200
401
701
444
88
358
8,606
2,586 15,530
13,081
74
AREA AND POPULATION
26. Numbers of the Infirm by Provinces, 1911, with totals for 1881, 1891, and 1901,
Provinces.
Blind.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Insane.
Idiotic.
Total
Infirm.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
P E Island
26
201
146
587
628
75
43
47
90
7
1,850
1,891
1,839
1,714
32
131
86
530
449
48
35
24
48
1
4
1,388
1,388
1,529
1,303
25
240
155
886
734
170
118
80
71
1
11
2,491
3,331
2,590
2,939
21
232
118
749
676
126
62
67
37
1
4
2,093
2,843
2,229
2,457
146
503
262
2,468
2.989
728
34
23
532
2
1
7,688
8,811
7,162
5,374
129
508
238
2,304
3,186
428
19
20
181
1
7,014
7,884
6,193
4,515
71
357
253
1,029
1,479
123
65
60
60
4
3,501
45
287
190
698
1,177
67
48
31
36
7
2,586
268
1,301
816
4,970
5,830
1,096
260
210
753
3
23
15,530
14,033
11,591
10,027
227
1,158
632
4,281
5,488
669
164
142
302
2
16
13,081
12,115
9,951
8,275
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories.
Canada 1911
" 1901
" 1891
1881
NOTE. Previous to 1911, the numbers of the idiotic were not separately distinguished. The term
used in previous censuses was " Unsound Mind," and comprised both the idiotic and the insane.
Area and Population of British and Foreign Countries. Table 27
gives the area and population of the United Kingdom and British
Possessions, and Table 28 the area and population of the principal
foreign countries of the world. The first-named table is taken from the
Statistical Abstract for the British Self-governing Dominions, etc., 1913
[Cd. 7,786], and does not therefore include Egypt, which was declared
a British Protectorate on December 18, 1914. By adding the area
(347,490 square miles) and the population (11,287,359) of Egypt and the
area (984,362 square miles) and the population (2,600,000) of the
Anglo-Egyptian Soudan, the total area and population of the British
Empire, as given in Table 27, are raised to 12,605,102 square miles
(area) and 431,156,792 (population). The area of Egypt, however,
includes the deserts. According to the Statesman s Year Book the
cultivated and settled area of the Nile Valley and Delta is not more than
12,226 square miles. In other respects Tables 27 and 28 do not take
into account changes due to the war.
75
POPULATION.
27. Area and Population in the United Kingdom and British Possessions, 1911.
[From the British Statistical Abstract Self-Governing Dominions, Colonies,
Possessions and Protectorates, 1913.]
Countries.
Area.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Females
per 1000
males.
Persons
per
sq. mile.
England & Wales. .
Scotland
Sq. miles.
58,340
30,405
No.
17,445,608
2,308,839
No.
18,624,884
2 452 065
No.
36,070,492
4 760 904
No.
1,067.6
1 062
No.
618.28
156 53
Ireland
32,586
2,192,048
2,198 171
4,390 219
1 003 8
134 72
Islands
302
70,166
78 749
148,915
1,122 3
493 09
Total, United
Kingdom
121,633
22,016,661
23,353,869
45,370,530
1,060 9
373 01
India British ....
Native States.. .
1,092,994
709,118
124,842,401
36,452,419
119,378,976
34,412,576
244,221,377
70,864,995
956.2
944.0
223.44
99.93
Total, India. . . .
1,802,112
161,294,820
153,791,552
315,086,372
953.4
174.84
Aden, including
Perim
80
31,290
14875
46,165
475 4
577 06
Socotra
1,382
12,000!
8 68
Straits Settlements
Labuan
1,572
28
471,212
3,662
244,317
2 884
715,529
6,546
518.5
787 6
455.17
262 40
Ceylon 2
25,481
2,175,030
1 931 320
4,106,350
887 9
161 15
Mauritius. . .
720
194,095
174 696
368,791
900 1
512 20
Dependencies of
Seychelles
89
156
3,620
11,557
3,070
11,134
6,690
22,691
848.1
963 4
75.17
145 45
Hong Kong 3 . ... \
/ 249,675
116 470
366,145
466 5
New Territories 4 ./
Wei-Hai-Wei 4
404
285
\ 46,476
77,860
44,118
69 273
90,594
147,133
949.3
889 7
|l,127.73
516 25
Australia, Com
monwealth of
New South Wales
Federal Capital
Territory
309,460
912
857,698
992
789,036
722
1,646,734
1 714
919.9
727 8
5.32
1 88
Victoria
87,884
655,591
659 960
1 315 551
1 006 7
14 97
South Australia.
Northern Terr y
West n Australia
Tasmania.
380,070
523,620
975,920
26,215
207,358
2,734
161,565
97 591
201,200
576
120,549
93 620
408,558
3,310
282,114
191 211
970.3
210.7
746.1
959 3
1.07
0.01
0.29
7 29
Queensland
670,500
329,506
276 307
605 813
838 6
90
Total, Common
wealth 5
2,974,581
2,313 035
2 141 970
4 455 005
926
1 50
Territory of Papua
Dominion of New
Zealand
90,540
104,751
531,910
476 558
380,000!
1 008 468
895 9
4.20
9 62
Fiji..
7,435
80 008
59 533
139 541
743 4
18 74
Falkland Islands . .
7,500
2,370
905
3,275
381.9
0.44
For the notes relating to this table see page 77.
76
AREA AND POPULATION.
27. Area and Population in the United Kingdom and British Possessions, 1911 con.
Countries.
Area.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Females
per 1000
males.
Persons
per sq.
mile.
Union of S. Africa-
Natal
Sq. miles.
35,371
No.
564,648
.No.
629,395
No.
1,194,043
No.
1,114 7
No.
33 76
Cape of Good
Hope
276,995
1,255,671
1,309,294
2,564,965
1,042 7
9 26
Orange Free State .
Transvaal
50,392
110,426
277,518
971,555
250,656
714,657
528,174
1,686,212
903.2
735.6
10.48
15 27
Total, Union of
S. Africa
473,184
3,069,392
2,904,002
5,973,394
946.1
12 62
Swaziland
6,536
44,805
55,154
99,959
1,239.0
15 29
Basutoland
11,716
184,102
220,405
404,507
1,197.2
34 52
Bechuanaland Prot
Rhodesia,Southern
Northern
Nyasaland Protect
Uganda Protect.. .
EastAfrica Protect
SomalilandProtect
St. Helena 2
275,000
148,575
291,000
39,315
121,437 s
247,600
68,000
47
62,712
406,069
429,652
1,615
62,638
365,008
540,778
1,862
125,350
771,077
822,482 7
970,430
2,843,325
2,402,863
344,323
3,477
998.8
898.6
1,258.6
1,152.9
0.45
5.19
2.82
24.68
23.41
9.70
5.06
73.98
Ascension
34
400
11.77
West Africa
Nigeria, North n
Protectorate of
Nigeria, South n
and colony of 8 .
Gold Coast
256,200
79,880
80,235
3,485,743
755,446
5,833,257
746,347
9,269,000
7,857,983
1,501,793
1,697.8
988.0
36.18
98.36
18.73
Sierra Leone 8 . . .
Gambia 8
24,908
3,619
363,197
73,792
472,374
72,309
1,403, 132 9
146,101
1,300.6
979.9
56.33
40.37
Total, West
Africa
444,842
20,178,009
45.36
North America
Dom. of Canada
Newfoundland...
Labrador
3,729,665
42,734
120,000
3,821,995
122,253
2,052
3,384,648
116,417
1,897
7,206,643
238,670
3,949
885.6
952.2
924.4
1.93
5.59
0.03
Total, North
America
3,892,399
3,946,300
3,502,962
7,449,262
887.7
1.91
For the notes relating to this table see page 77.
77
POPULATION.
27._Area and Population in the United Kingdom and British Possessions, 1911
concluded.
Countries.
Area.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Females
per 1000
males.
Persons
per sq.
mile.
West India Isl ds.
"Rahamas
Sq. miles.
4,404
No.
24,975
No.
30,969
No.
55,944
No.
1,240.0
No.
12.70
Turk s & Caicos
Islands
166
2,505
3,110
5,615
1,241.5
33.83
Jamaica
4,207
397,439
433,944
831,383
1,091.9
197.62
Cayman Islands
Windward Isl ds.
St Lucia
89
233
2,427
22,336
3,137
26,301
5,564
48,637
1,292.5
1,177.5
62.52
208.74
St Vincent
140
18,345
23,532
41,877
1,282.2
299.12
Barbados
166
70,240
101,743
171,983
1,447.8
1,036.04
Grenada
133
30,398
36,352
66,750
1,195.8
501.84
Leeward Islands
Virgin Islands...
St. Christopher.
Nevis
58
65
50
2,608
10,969
5,521
2,949
15,314
7,424
5,557
26,283
12,945
1,130.7
1,396.1
1,344.7
95.81
404.35
258.90
Anquilla
35
1,562
2,513
4,075
1,608.8
116.43
Antigua, includ
ing Barbuda. .
Montserrat, in
cluding Redon
da
170
32
13,985
5,363
18,280
6,953
32,265
12,316
1,307.1
1,296.5
189.80
384.87
Dominica
305
15,231
18,632
33,863
1,223.3
111.02
Trinidad
1,860
164,427
148,376
312,803
902.4
168.17
Tobago
114
9,922
10,827
20,749
1,091.2
182.01
Total, W. Indies
12,227
798,253
890,356
1,688,609
1,115.4
138.10
Bermuda 3
19
9,070
9,924
18,994
__
999.68
British Honduras.
British Guiana 3 . .
Gibraltar 2
8,598
90,500
li
20,374
153,717
8,786
20,084
142,324
10,334
40,458
296,041
19,120
985.7
925.9
1,176.2
4.71
3 27
10,445.87
Malta 3
117
105,601
105,963
211,564
1,003.4
1,808.24
Cyprus 3
3,354
139,248
134,716
273,964
967.4
76.44
Grand Total
11,273,25C
417,269,433
_
NOTES RELATING TO TABLE 27 ON PAGES 75-77.
i Estimated population 1910. * Excluding the military and persons on ships in harbours The
population is exclusive of the military. * The New Territories and Wei-Hai-Wei were leased to the
British Government in 1898. In 1904 a part of the New Territories (New Kowloon) was paced under
the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Sanitary Board, and since that date the area (13 isQ. mite and the
population (13,693 persona at the Census of 1911) have been included m the figures of Hong Kong
Population stated for Australia is exclusive of full-blooded aborigines, estimated at 100,000 in
Including the area of the lakes and river Nile within the territorial limits of the Uganda Protectorate.
i Partly estimated, a census of natives not being available. Including the Protectorate districts,
eluding 567,561 children sex not stated.
78
AREA AND POPULATION.
28. Area and Population of the Principal Foreign Countries of the World [From the
Annuaire International de Statistique Agricole, 1911 et 1912].
EUROPE.
Country.
Area.
Date of
Census (C)
or
Estimate (E)
Population.
Persons
per
square
mile.
Austria-Hungary :
Austria . ...
Square
Miles.
115,832
19;768
125,641
11,371
37,199
15,046
540
40,457
207,129
208,825
24,406
110,688
999
3,506
13,199
124,675
35,499
50,715
1,997,224
144,249
18,649
172,920
194,794
15,945
65,367
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(C)Feb. 1,1911
(C)Feb. 1,1911
Dec. 1, 1910
(C) Mar. 5, 1911
(C) Dec. 1, 1910
(C) Oct. 27, 1907
(C) June 10, 1911
(C) Dec. 1, 1910
Jan. 1, 1910
(E) Dec. 31, 1911
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
(C) Dec. 1, 1900
(C) Jan. 1, 1913
(E)Jan. 1,1911
(E) 1910
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(E)July 1,1911
28,571,934
1,898,044
20,886,487
7,416,454
4,329,108
2,757,076
18.000
85; 188
39,601,509
64,925,993
2,631,952
34,671,377
259,891
250,000
6,022,452
2,435,705
5,423,132
7,248,061
138,274,500
3,115,197
2,911,701
5,604,192
19,562,568
3,781,430
6,130,200
246.6
96.1
166.3
652.2
116.3
183.4
33.4
2.1
191.1
310.8
107.7
313.1
260.3
71.2
456.4
19.4
152.8
143.0
69.2
21.5
156.2
32.4
100.5
237.2
93.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hungary .
Belgium
Bulgaria. .
Denmark
Faroe Isles
Iceland ....
France
Germany .
Greece
Italy.
Luxemburg .
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway .
Portugal
Rumania
Russia-in-Europe.. . .
Finland
Serbia
Sweden
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey-in-Europe
ASIA.
Afghanistan. . . .
215,444
20,000
4,277,988
147,650
13;840
84,102
1,303
13,154
59,459
74,981
635,135
6,293,854
231,660
682,161
198
310,060
213
4
1,470
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
1912
(E) Dec. 31, 1912
(E)
(E) -
(E)Jan. 1,1911
(C) May 10, 1911
(C) 1911
(E)Jan. 1,1911
1910
1910
5,000,000
250,000
430,000,000
52,200,679
3,462,893
13,461,299
488,089
43,273
5,000,000
402,600
9,000,000
25,644,500
7.000,000
16,898,700
282,472
16,990,229
168,896
74,866
604,930
23.3
12.4
100.5
353.5
250.2
160.1
374.8
3.4
84.2
5.4
14.2
4.1
30.3
24.9
1,426.1
54.9
793.0
19,390.3
411.6
Bhutan
China
Japan
Formosa .....
Korea
Kouang-Toung
Sakhaline Island (part of) .
]\ epal
Oman
Persia
Hussia-in-Asia
iSiam
Turkey-in-Asia
French India (France)
Indo-China and Kouang
Tcheou-Ouan (France)
Kio Tcheou (Germany) ....
Macao (Portugal)
Portuguese India (Portugal)..
79
POPULATION.
28. Area and Population of the Principal Foreign Countries of the World [From the
Annuaire International de Statistique Agricole, 1911 et 1912.] con.
AFRICA.
Country.
Area.
Date of
Census (C)
or
Estimate (E)
Population.
Persons
per
square
mile.
Abyssinia
Square
Miles.
432,586
(E)
8,000,000
18.4
Egvnt
347,490
(C) Apr. 29, 1907
11,287,359
32.4
-*- pJ J*v
Liberia
36,834
1,500,000
40.7
Congo (Belgium)
913,127
(E)
15,004,003
16.3
Algeria (France) .
222,119
(C)Mar. 5,1911
5,563,828
25.1
Congo (France)
561,346
(C) 1906
9,000,000
16.1
Madagascar (France)
226,074
(E) Dec. 31, 1911
3,153,511
14.0
Mayotte arid Comoro Islands
(France) .
837
(C) 1911
94,384
112.7
Morocco (France).
193,050
(E)
5,000,000
25.9
Reunion (France)
927
(C) 1911
173,822
187.5
Sahara (France)
924,401
450,000
0.5
Somali Coast (France)
46,332
(C) 1906
208,161
4.4
Tunis (France.) ...
48,263
(E) Dec. 31, 1911
1,956,762
40.7
West Africa (France)
1,510,906
(C) 1911
11,344,076
7.5
East Africa (Germany)
384,170
(E)Jan. 1,1911
10,032,227
26.2
Southwest Africa (Germany) ....
Kamerun 1 (Germany)
322,432
191,351
(E)Jan. 1,1911
(E)Jan. 1,1911
95,962
2,720,455
0.3
14.2
Kamerun 2 (Germany)
108,108
(C) 1906
1,000,000
9.3
Togo (Germany)
33,668
(E) Jan. 1, 1911
1,000,363
29.8
Eritrea (Italy)
45,946
(C) 1905
278,893
6.0
Somaliland (Italy) ...
137,838
(E)
300,000
2.1
Tripoli and Cyrenica (Italy) ....
Angola (Portugal)
573,057
490,463
(E)
1,000,000
4,200,000
1.8
8.5
Cape Verde Islands (Portugal) . .
Guinea (Portugal) ...
1,516
13,089
(C) Dec. 31, 1900
147,424
820,000
97.1
62.7
Mozambique (Portugal)
293,657
(E) 1908
2,650,000
9.1
St. Thomas and Prince Islands. .
(Portugal)
363
1909
68,221
188.3
Fernando Po & Dependencies
(Spain)
Guinea (Spain)
813
10,039
*-
23,896
140,000
29.3
14.0
Morocco (Spain)
82
44,134
536.6
Rio de Oro, etc (Spain)
71,429
12,000
0.3
Soudan (Anglo-Egyptian)
984,362
(E)
2,600,000
2.6
AMERICA.
Argentina .
1,153,417
(E) Dec. 31, 1911
7,467,878
6.5
Bolivia. ...
567,643
(E) 1911
2,265,801
3.9
Brazil ....
3,291,417
(E) 1911
23,000,000
7.0
Chili
292,419
(E) Dec. 31, 1910
3,415,060
11.7
Costa Rica
20,849
(E) Dec. 31, 1911
388,266
18.6
Cuba ... .
44,218
(C) Sept. 30, 1907
2,048,980
46.4
Dominica . .
19,332
(E) 1912
708,000
36.5
Ecuador. ...
297,297
(E)
2,000,000
6.7
Guatemala
43,641
(C) Dec. 31, 1903
1,842,134
42.2
Territory. 2 New Territory.
80
AREA AND POPULATION.
28. Area and Population of the Principal Foreign Countries of the World [From the
Anmiaire International de Statistique Agricole, 1911 et 1912.] concluded.
AMERICA concluded.
Country.
Area.
Date of
Census (C)
or
Estimate (E).
Population.
Persons
per
square
mile.
Haiti
Square
Miles.
11,072
44,274
767,258
58,169
33,776
97,722
533,911
13,176
465,714
3,026,805
590,887
448
3,435
72,172
393,976
139
34,015
687
35,231
381
93
436
49,846
(E) 1912
(C) Dec. 31, 1910
(E) 1912
(C) 1906
1910
1908
(C) 1906
(E) Jan., 1911
(E) June 1, 1911
1911
1911
1911
(E) Dec. 31, 1910
(E) 1911
Feb. 1, 1911
Oct. 1, 1910
(C) 1911
(C) Mar. 5, 1911
(C) 1911
(C) Mar. 5, 1911
Dec. 31, 1910
1910
2,500,000
553,446
15,445,787
600,000
336,742
715,841
4,609,999
1,133,000
4,978,000
93,792,509
64,443
154,255
1,135,783
1,132,115
2,743,841
27,086
13,466
212,430
49,009
185,385
4,209
54,469
86,233
225.8
12.4
20.2
10.4
9.8
7.3
8.5
86.0
10 .-6
31.1
0.104
344.2
330.7
15.8
7.0
196.1
0.5
309.0
1.3
486.4
45.3
124.8
1.8
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay .
Peru
San Salvador
U.S. of Columbia
United States
Alaska
Panama (Zone of Canal)
Porto Rico
Uruguay
Venezuela
West Indies (Denmark)
Greenland (Denmark)
Guadeloupe and Dependencies . .
(France)
Guiana (France)
Martinique (France)
St. Pierre &Miquelon (France). .
Curasao and Dependencies
(Netherlands)
Dutch Guiana (Netherlands)
OCEANIA.
United States Colonies:
Guam
Hawaii
Philippines
Samoa and Tutuila.
German Colonies:
Caroline, Palau, Marianne and
Marshall Islands
New Guinea
Samoa.
French Colonies:
French _ Establishments in
Oceania
New Caledonia and Dependen
cies
Portuguese Colonies:
Timon and Kambing
Dutch Colonies :
Dutch Indies .
210
6,449
115,027
77
1900
1911
1911
1900 1
956 (E) Jan. 1, 1911
92,664 (E) Jan. 1, 1911
993 (E) Jan. 1, 1911
1,183 (C)
7,202
7,332
739,544 (C)
1906
1911
1905
10,000
196,227
8,368,427
6,800
55,320
351,723
37,490
30,563
50,500
300,000
37.717,377
47.7
30.3
72.8
88.3
57.8
3.9
37.8
25.9
7.0
40.9
51.0
81
VITAL .STATISTICS.
VITAL STATISTICS.
Vital Statistics by Provinces. In Canada the registration of births,
marriages, and deaths is under provincial control, and at present diver
gent methods, with, in certain provinces, entire lack of statistics, render
impossible the deduction for any series of years of annual birth-,
marriage-, and death-rates for the Dominion as a whole. In Nova Scotia
the publication of annual vital statistics was only begun in 1910, and
for the province of New Brunswick no returns of the kind are yet
available.
Table 29 shows, however, by provinces (New Brunswick excepted) the
number of births, marriages and deaths in the years 1911, 1912 and 1913,
according to the latest returns of the provincial registrars. Using the
census figures of population for 1911, and estimates of the Census and
Statistics Office for 1912 and 1913, crude birth-, marriage-, and death-
rates per 1,000 of the population living have been calculated for each
year, as well as the excess of births over deaths. For Prince Edward
Island no data for the year 1912 are available. The figures by provinces
in this table are not strictly comparable, owing to the unfortunate
diversity of practice which at present prevails as between the different
provincial registrars. Not only is the statistical year not uniform for
all the provinces, but there is no uniformity in the practice as regards
the inclusion or exclusion of still-births. Thus, in Nova Scotia, Quebec
and Ontario still-births are eliminated from the calculations; but in
Prince Edward Island, the Northwest provinces and British Columbia
they are included, and for these provinces the numbers of still-births,
which are too small to affect materially the birth- and death-rates
calculated, are given in a note at the foot of the table.
Vital Statistics of Cities. The data given in Tables 40 and 41 on
pages 101 and 102 of the Year Book of 1913 are not repeated this year;
but an effort has been made in Table 30 to record the number of births,
marriages and deaths by principal cities for the year 1912 in continuation
of Table 40 in the edition of 1913. In this new table the natural increase
per 1,000 of the population is based upon the estimated population of
1912 for Ontario ; in other cases the population of the Census of
1911 is used, and the fact is indicated by the use of italics. The data
available since 1912 are at present too incomplete to allow of the
construction of the table for any later year. It should be noted that for
seven of the cities in Quebec the births and marriages are given as for
the Roman Catholic population only, whilst the deaths are those of the
whole population. It is consequently impossible to calculate for these
cities in some of which the non-Roman Catholic population is rela
tively numerous the excess of births over deaths and the natural
increase per 1,000 of the population.
82
AREA AND POPULATION.
29. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Provinces, 1911, 1912 and 1913.
Provinces.
Births.
Birth
rate per
1,000
living.
Mar
riages.
Mar
riage-
rate per
1,000
living.
Deaths.
Death-
rate per
1,000
living.
Excess
ofBirths
over
Deaths.
P. E. Island^.... 1911
1,497
15.97
470
5.01
1,114
11.89
383
1912
(not pub
lished in
1912.)
1913
1,628
17.37
4.78
5.10
983
10.49
645
Nova Scotia.... 1911
12,322
25.03
3,004
6.10
8,237
16.73
4,085
1912
12,681
25.52
2,937
5.91
7,126
14.34
5,555
1913
12,553
25.22
3,259
6.55
7,225
14.52
5,328
Quebec 1911
74,475
37 18
f5,254
7.61
35,904
17 92
38,571
1912
76,647
37.53
16,055
7.86
32,980
16.15
43,667
1913
79,089
37.70
17,253
8.13
36,200
17.33
42,889
Ontario 1911
56,096
22 23
25,807
10.23
31,878
12 63
24,218
1912
58,870
23.00
28,845
11.27
32,150
12.56
26,720
1913
64,516
24.00
26,998
10.00
34,317
12.70
30,199
Manitoba 1 1911
13,407
29 43
5,177
11.36
5,481
12.03
7,926
j ^ +* \s
1912
14,666
30.32
6,095
12.60
6,084
12.58
8,582
1913
16,424
36.34
5,985
13.24
5,919
13.10
10,505
Saskatchewan 1 . . 1911
8,745
17.76
3,511
7.13
2,727
5.54
6,018
1912
11,479
20.24
4,651
8.20
3,567
6.29
7,912
1913
13,200
20.94
4,990
7.92
4,150
6.58
9,050
Alberta 1911
8,813
23.52
3,630
9.69
3,618
9.69
5,195
"
1912
10,284
23.60
4,429
10.16
4,232
9.71
6,052
1913
11,871
24.34
5,053
10.36
4,432
9.09
7,439
B. Columbia*.. .1911
5,841
14.88
4,509
11.49
3,660
9.32
2,181
1912
8,008
18.85
5,235
12.33
4,313
10.15
3,695
1913
9,199
18.58
5,012
10.12
4,619
9.33
4,580
Yukon 1911
48
5.64
41
4 82
87
10.22
-39
1912
61*
7.74
48
6.09
85
7.36
3
Including still- births as follows: Prince Edward Island 4 in 1911, 1 in 1913; Manitoba 243 in 1911,
316 in 1912; Saskatchewan 48 in 1911, 170 in 1912, 134 in 1913; Alberta 160 in 1911, 230 in 1912; British
Columbia 191 in 1911, 240 in 1912, 279 in 1913. In Manitoba in 1913 still-births are excluded, and in
Alberta in 1913 they are not given.
^Incomplete.
30. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1912.
Excess
Natural
Cities.
Popula-
Births.
Marri
Deaths.
of
Births
Increase
per 1,000
tion.
ages.
over
of Popu
Deaths.
lation.
P.E. Island-
Charlottetown 1 . . .
11 198
183
not given
"128
55
4.91
Nova Scotia
Halifax
46 619
1 308
notgiven
843
465
9.97
Sydney .
17,723
700
notgiven
304
396
19.41
Glace Bay
16,562
558
notgiven
214
344
20.77
1
U913.
83
VITAL STATISTICS.
30. Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1912 concluded.
Cities.
Popula
tion.
Births.
Marri
ages.
Deaths.
Excess
of
Births
over
Deaths.
Natural
Increase
per 1,000
of Popu
lation.
Quebec
Montreal
470,480
19,107
5,449
10,721
8 386
17 82
Quebec
78,710
2,705
639
1 527
1 178
14 97
Maisonneuve
18,684
7732
1272
439
Hull
18,222
643^
1292
262
Sherbrooke
16,405
5492
111 2
316
_
Westmount
14,579
312
252
99
Three Rivers
13,691
601
128
322
279
20 38
Verdun
11,629
4202
622
280
Lachine
10,699
3042
502
210
St. Hyacinthe. . .
9,797
2892
962
244
Ontario-
Toronto
414,000
10,960
6,007
5,675
5 285
12 77
Ottawa
91,200
2,346
1,089
1,550
796
8 73
Hamilton
88,700
2,517
1,306
1,223
1,294
14 59
London
50,860
1,091
676
670
421
8 27
Brantford
25,100
741
302
334
407
16 22
Kingston
19,765
427
310
400
27
1 37
Peterborough .
19,245
462
251
224
238
12 37
Windsor
19,450
464
3,429
277
187
9 61
Fort William
18,500
762
205
288
474
25 62
Berlin
16,760
442
190
193
249
14 85
Guelph
15,380
376
127
213
163
10 60
St. Thomas
14,250
309
190
181
128
8 98
Stratford
13,400
286
138
179
107
8 00
Owen Sound
12,780
335
155
162
173
13 53
St. Catharines
13,730
341
197
216
125
9 10
Port Arthur
12,500
481
234
313
168
13 44
Sault Ste. Marie
12,940
251
223
226
25
1 93
Chatham . . .
11,330
211
191
187
24
2 12
Gait
11,090
251
112
127
124
11 18
Sarnia. .
10,050
228
297
206
22
2 19
Belleville. . .
10,340
241
124
154
87
8 41
Brockville
9,410
231
136
178
53
5 63
Woodstock
9,485
212
112
130
82
8 64
Niagara Falls. ... ...
9,665
260
839
119
141
14 59
Manitoba-
Winnipeg
136,035
5,282
3,504
2,407
2,875
21 13
Brandon
13,839
512
297
329
183
13 22
St. Boniface
7,483
458
139
414
44
5 88
Portage la Prairie.
5,892
199
117
142
57
9 67
Saskatchewan
Regina
30,213
504
447
418
86
2 85
Moosejaw
13,823
423
513
320
103
7 45
Saskatoon
12,004
588
523
354
234
*r*
19 49
Alberta
Calgarv .
43,704
1,822
2,552
1 042
780
17 84
Edmonton
24,900
1,017
1,532
689
328
13 17
Lethbridge ....
8,050
278
558
197
81
10 06
British Columbia-
Vancouver
100,401
2,853
2,491
1,719
1,134
11 29
Victoria ... ...
31,660
1,216
1,034
617
599
18 92
New Westminster .
13.199
821
460
506
315
2%. 86
? Roman Catholic population only.
84
AREA AND POPULATION.
IMMIGRATION.
Immigrant Arrivals in 1914.- -The decline noted last year in the
number of immigrant arrivals, and which was due to depression of
trade and the general financial stringency, continued during the earlier
part of 1914; but the outbreak of the European war at the end of July
and beginning of August took immediate effect in further arresting the
tide of immigration. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1915, the
number of immigrant arrivals was only 144,789, as compared with
384,878 in 1914. Of the total number of immigrants in 1914-15, 43,276,
or 30 p.c., came from the United Kingdom, 59,779, or 41 p.c., came
from the United States, and 41,734, or 29 p.c., came from other
countries. The reduction, as compared with 1913-14, of immigrants
from the United Kingdom was 99,346, or 69 p.c., and of immigrants
from the United States 47,751, or 44 p.c. For the calendar year 1914
the total number of immigrant arrivals was 168,930, including 49,879
from the United Kingdom, 68,659 from the United States and 50,392
from other countries.
Quality of Immigrants. Since the beginning of the century, and
especially within the last ten years, regulations have been in force
excluding from Canada immigrants physically, mentally and morally unfit.
There has therefore been not only an increase in the number of arrivals,
but the general standard of quality as regards the class of immigrants
settling in Canada has greatly improved. In Table 33 will be found
the number of rejections upon arrival and of deportations after admission
of intending immigrants, by principal causes of rejection and deportation,
for the years 1903 to 1914. Table 34 shows the number by nationalities
of deportations after admission and includes a column giving the number
of immigrants to every person deported. In comparing the figures in
this column, account should be taken of the total number of immigrants
for each nationality, as the proportion for small numbers would not be
maintained for large numbers.
Juvenile Immigration. The Chief Inspector of British Immigrant
Children and Receiving Homes reports that in 1914-15, 1,899 children
were received in Canada through 15 different agencies and were placed
in foster homes or situations. Applications for the services of these
children remain largely in excess of the supply, as appears from Table
35. This shows the number of British Juvenile immigrants not
members of families and the number of applications for their services
received by the various agencies during the fiscal years 1901 to 1915.
Altogether about 77,000 children have been placed out in Canada since
the organization of this class of immigration in 1868. Of the total,
about 25,900 have come from the Dr. Barnardo Homes.
Oriental Immigration. Tables 38 and 39 relate to Chinese im
migration and give a record of such immigration since 1886 and the
number of Chinese in Canada at the Censuses of 1901 and 1911. In
1885, owing to the heavy influx of Chinese into Canada, legislation
(48-49 Viet. c. 71) was passed providing that thereafter Chinese of ;he
labouring classes be required as a condition of their entry into the
85
IMMIGRATION.
Dominion to pay a head tax of $50 each; on January 1, 1901 (63-64
Viet. 1900, c. 32), this amount was increased to $100 and on January 1,
1904 (3 Edw. VII, 1903, c. 8), to $500. The exempt ^ classes have
varied slightly from time to time; but, generally speaking, have in
cluded consular officers, their wives, children and suites, Chinese mer
chants, their wives and children, and Chinese belonging to the learned
professions. Practically all of those who have been admitted as exempt
have been merchants and members of merchants families. Chinese
are allowed under the Act to register out of Canada for absence abroad
for a period of twelve months, which registration allows them the
privilege of free return within the period specified. For each of these
registrations a fee of $1 is charged. The total revenue under the
Chinese Immigration Act is made up of head taxes, registration fees
for leave of absence and fines collected for infringements of the Act.
From 1886 to 1902 one quarter of the net proceeds of the revenues under
the Chinese Immigration Act was paid to the provinces wherein they
were collected. From 1903 the proportion so paid to the provinces has
been one-half, in accordance with an amending Act of 1902 (2 Edw. VII,
c. 5). Table 40 shows the total number of oriental immigrants
arriving in Canada since 1901.
Immigration Expenditure and Revenue. Table 41 shows the
annual expenditure for immigration purposes for each fiscal year since
1868. For the year ended March 31, 1914, the amount was $1,893,298.
On the other side of the account there is the revenue derived from the
payments of the Chinese as recorded in Table 38. For the year ended
March 31, 1914, the revenue from this source amounted to $2,644,593,
of which $1,284,652 was paid to the provinces; so that the Dominion
revenue from immigration in the year 1913-14 exceeded the expenditure
by $1,359,941.
31. Number of Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1897-1915.
Immigrant
Immigrant
Arrivals from
Arrivals from
Fiscal
Years.
Total.
Fiscal
Years.
Total.
United
King
dom.
United
States.
Other
Coun
tries.
United
King
dom.
United
States.
Other
Coun
tries.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1897i
11,383
2,412
7,921
21,716
19073
55,791
34,659
34,217
124,667
1898i
11,173
9,119
11,608
31,900
1008
120,182
58,312
83,975
262,469
1899i
10,660
11,945
21,938
44,543
1909
52,901
59,832
34,175
146,908
1900^
5,141
8,543
10,211
23,895
1910
59,790
103,798
45,206
208,794
1901
11,810
17,987
19,352
49,149
1911
123,013
121,451
66,620
311,084
1902
17,259
26,388
23,732
67,379
1912
138,121
133,710
82,406
354,237
1903
41,792
49,473
37,099
128,364
1913
150,542
139,009
112,881
402,432
1904
50,374
45,171
34,786
130,331
1914
142,622
107,530
134,726
384,878
1905
65,359
43,543
37,364
146,266
1915
43,276
59,779
41,734
144,789
1906
86,796
57,796
44,472
189,064
Calendar year. Six months, January to June, inclusive. 3 Nine months ended March 31.
86
AREA AND POPULATION.
32. Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in fiscal years 1909-1915.
Nationalities.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
English
No.
37,019
3,609
11,810
463
52,901
79
171
1,830
828
1,546
56
1,887
160
495
669
1,83-0
6,644
1,257
192
24
15
2
1,444
151
6
595
35
4,228
495
2,108
65
752
42
3
255
76
278
3,547
149
31
1,135
129
189
236
94
59,832
113
334
94,007
146,908
No.
40,416
3,940
14,706
728
59,790
75
203
4,195
910
725
557
2,156
300
741
1,457
1,727
3,368
1,516
452
56
10
28
2,745
343
10
621
95
7,118
271
3,372
82
1,370
483
12
738
174
293
4,564
568
76
2,017
211
195
517
186
103,798
146
523
149,004
208,794
No.
84,707
6,877
29,924
1,505
123,013
20
266
7,891
1,563
700
1,068
5,278
535
931
2,132
2,041
3,553
2,530
777
248
19
85
4,188
606
5
756
250
8,359
437
2,229
116
2,169
1,065
43
800
269
511
6,621
2,869
50
3,213
270
124
469
203
121,451
398
963
188,071
311,084
No.
95,107
8,327
32,988
1,699
138,121
60
184
4,871
1,601
328
3,295
6,247
628
1,077
1,646
2,094
1,594
4,645
693
269
4
52
4,460
537
3
482
205
7,590
765
2,598
61
1,692
2,773
21
1,624
642
793
9,805
13,346
209
2,394
230
144
632
143
133,710
314
1,655
216,116
354,237
No.
108,082
9,706
30,735
2,019
150,542
100
106
1,050
1,826
687
4,616
7,445
798
1,524
2,391
2,755
497
4,938
1,390
392
16
26
6,304
649
5
578
231
16,601
724
1,036
39
1,832
4,462
29
4,488
966
1,116
18,623
17,420
366
2,477
246
232
770
121
139,009
398
2,611
251,890
402,432
No.
102,122
9,585
29,128
1,787
142,622
139
106
3,147
2,651
1,549
1,727
5,512
871
1,506
3,183
2,683
1,698
5,525
1,102
728
20
22
9,622
860
88
833
292
24,722
856
496
24
1,647
4,310
46
4,507
930
1,504
24,485
18,372
193
2,435
269
278
187
121
107,530
474
5,006
242,256
384,878
No.
30,807
598
8,346
3,525
43,276
36
51
502
1,149
72
4,048
1,258
326
605
459
1,206
36
2,470
1,147
160
1
6
2,674
260
218
145
6,228
592
338
21
788
1,272
7
544
153
361
5,201
5,830
220
916
209
79
33
41
59,779
356
1,716
101,513
144,789
Irish
Scotch . .
Welsh
Total for U.K
Armenian
Australian.
Austrian
Belgian
Bukowinian
Bulgarian .
Chinese
Danish
Dutch.
Finnish
French
Galician
German, n. e. s
Greek ...
Hebrew Austrian ....
Hebrew German ....
Hebrew, Polish
Hebrew, Russian
Hebrew, n. e. s
Hindu
Hungarian.
Icelandic
Italian
Japanese
Newfoundland
New Zealand
Norwegian
Polish, Austrian . ....
Polish, German. ...
Polish, Russian . . .
Polish, n. e. s.
Rumanian. .
Russian, n. e. s . .
Ruthenian
Servian
Swedish . . . .
Swiss
Syrian
Turkish
U.S. (via ocean ports) . . .
United States
West Indies
Other nationalities
Total
Grand total
NOTE. " n. e. s. signifies " not elsewhere specified."
87
IMMIGRATION.
33. Rejection of Immigrants upon arrival at Ocean Ports and Deportations after
admission by principal causes for the fiscal years 1903-1914.
Principal Causes.
REJECTIONS AT OCEAN PORTS.
1903
-4
1905
1906
1907 1908
9m.
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
To
tals
Medical Causes:
Insanity.
No.
5
1
436
38
16
1
49
1
No.
2
3
4
486
1
28
13
1
4
56
13
No.
11
8
4
322
38
39
6
3
12
1
73
6
1
No.
7
2
8
176
4
32
21
7
14
3
11
57
5
42
51
No.
19
9
11
358
8
53
58
23
17
12
10
7
85
292
31
148
31
No.
13
27
11
94
3
41
60
6
17
12
4
2
67
66
6
74
B
^
No.
15
24
11
429
11
67
42
33
9
2
22
29
13
34
681
13
74
6
No.
5
22
26
326
20
120
104
28
10
15
35
25
7
1,038
274
41
85
29
No.
15
25
21
100
8
61
53
3
5
3
16
112
8
246
164
10
86
36
No.
1
22
21
11
72
13
107
28
4
9
15
45
5
204
56
64
63
17
No.
15
22
34
127
33
98
76
3
6
31
55
26
994
76
30
67
134
No.
129
164
141
2,926
101
683
510
87
68
81
144
270
97
2,669
1,844
207
639
323
Mentally deficient
Tuberculosis. .
Trachoma
Hernia ....
Other Medical
Causes
Accompanying
patients
Contract Labour. . . .
Criminality
Defective Sight
Immorality
Indirect passage. . . .
Infirmity
Lack of funds
Likely to become a
public charge. . . .
Poor Physique
Stowaway
Other Causes. .
Totals
547
611
524
4401,172
509
1,515
2,210
972
756
1,827
11,083
Principal Causes.
DEPORTATIONS AFTER ADMISSION.
Medical Causes:
Epilepsy
10
6
15
16
15
15
26
7
1
7
33
1
2
5
2
13
6
7
13
1
8
10
19
6
12
17
6
11
18
24
4
1
16
18
2
2
6
53
20
13
10
14
35
12
10
28
15
110
43
67
29
60
45
26
68
15
309
21
17
22
113
1
54
15
97
95
21
115
64
1,074
56
21
8
95
9
30
8
27
28
130
3
348
29
19
10
121
17
33
2
1
36
18
172
289
61
24
10
133
9
39
7
1
24
17
242
4
343
84
46
8
220
10
61
12
50
16
334
392
107
71
19
207
15
139
42
133
10
376
2
715
97
79
116
1,075
158
471
157
226
488
155
1,459
131
3,568
457
280
Insanity
Mental Weakness
Tuberculosis
Rheumatism
General debility .
Other Causes ....
Accompanying
patients
Criminality . .
Infirmity
Likely to become a
public charge. . . .
Vagrancy. .
Other Causes
Totals
152
86
137
201
825
1,74*
734
784
959
1,281
1,8348,741
AREA AND POPULATION.
34. Number by Nationalities of Deportations after Admission, 1903-1914.
Nationalities.
DEPORTATIONS AFTER ADMISSION.
1903
-4
1905
1906
1907
9m
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Tot l
One
in
ev ry
English .
No.
101
1
15
f
A
No.
61
r>
it
c
o
L
No.
98
C
8
3
No.
130
n
26
10
No.
513
<
61
31
No.
1,081
1
119
34
No.
355
f
89
37
No.
342
f
9C
23
No.
406
4
89
41
No.
387
t-t
118
47
No.
693
10
184
65
No.
4,167
40
808
295
187
310
281
225
Welsh
Scotch
Irish
Total British. . .
Austro-Hungarian
Belgian
119
2
2
4
1
5
10
2
4
3
74
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
112
5
1
2
1
9
1
1
1
2
2
168
K.
U
2
1
I
3
1
4
1
1
1
1
4
8
607
27
65
1
6
10
2
4
8
9
13
4
9
2
9
9
37
3
1,235
42
2
74
1
4
12
3
18
7
32
45
24
13
2
3
42
49
7
20
98
3
12
486
22
8
1
2
3
4
11
17
2
4
1
15
3
4
3
5
6
119
1
17
458
29
6
2
3
2
4
12
10
11
9
1
13
12
5
2
5
8
169
6
17
540
40
6
6
2
1
3
22
6
2
2
2
12
5
8
4
16
12
1
256
3
10
559
54
4
2
16
5
13
14
26
25
2
16
1
17
21
22
4
29
20
2
377
26
26
952
167
3
1
18
2
5
11
24
38
2
42
35
13
11
5
54
10
1
405
19
16
5,310
395
32
142
47
31
46
46
122
113
51
141
29
125
73
64
64
168
83
24
1,471
58
106
204
452
447
100
649
179
194
407
188
303
136
488
183
834
242
530
118
526
303
166
649
54
452
Bulgarian
Chinese
Danish. . . .
Dutch
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Hindu. . . .
Italian
Norwegian. .
Polish
Rumanian
Russian
Swedish
Turkish
United States ....
West Indian
Other
Total. .
152
86
137
201
825
1.748
734
784
959
1.281
1 .834
8.741
320
35. Juvenile Immigrants and Applications for their Services, 1901-1915.
Fiscal
Year.
Juvenile
immigrants.
Applications
for their
services.
Fiscal
Year.
Juvenile
immigrants.
Applications
for their
services.
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907 1
1908
No.
977
1,540
1,979
2,212
2,814
3,258
1,455
2 375
No.
5,783
8,587
14,219
16,573
17,833
19,374
15,800
17 23Q
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
No.
2,424
2,422
2,524
2,689
2,642
2,318
1,899
No.
15,417
18,477
21,768
31,040
33,493
32,417
30,854
Total . .
33,528
298,874
NOTE. The above are included in the total number of immigrants recorded elsewhere.
Nine months.
89
IMMIGRATION.
36. Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrants for the fiscal year ended March
31, 1914.
Sex.
Males.
Females.
Children.
Totals.
Via ocean ports .
No.
161,933
No.
68,770
No.
46,645
No.
277,348
From the United States
62,415
25,258
19,857
107,530
Totals.
124,348
94.028
66.502
384.878
Occupations.
FARMERS OR FARM LABOURERS
Males.
Females.
Children.
GENERAL LABOURERS.
Males.
Females.
Children.
Via" ocean ports
From the United States
Totals .
No.
38,412
23,380
No.
8,731
6,455
No.
10,520
7,667
No.
80,927
15,215
No.
10,986
2,523
No.
10,816
2,245
61,792
15,186
18,187
96,142
13,509
13,061
Occupations.
MECHANICS.
CLERKS, TRADES, ETC.
Males.
Females.
Children
Males.
Fenrales.
Children.
Via ocean ports
From the United States
Totals .
No.
24,456
14,539
No.
14,152
3,316
No.
12,715
2,531
No.
10,703
3,410
No.
4,132
1,408
No.
2,589
605
38,995
17,468
15,246
14,113
5,540! 3,194
Occupations.
MINERS.
Males.
Females Childr n
Female
ser
vants.
NOT CLASSIFIED.
Males.
Females Childr n
ocean ports. . .
From the United
States..
No.
2,623
1,557
No.
841
144
No.
1,223
167
No.
21,476
2,987
No.
4,812
4,314
No.
8,452
8,425
No.
8,782
6,642
Totals.
4,180
985
1,390
24,463
9,126 16,877 15,424
Destination.
Maritime
provinces.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Manitoba
Via ocean ports.
From the United States.
Totals 1914
Totals 1915
No.
10,14s 1
6,582
No.
65,614
14,754
No.
103,706
20,086
No.
33,790
7,850
16,730
11,104
80,368
31,053
123,792
44,873
41,640
13,196
Destination.
Saskat
chewan.
Alberta.
British
Columbia.
Yukon.
Via 1 ocean ports
From the United States.
No.
20,432
20,567
No.
19,730
24,011
No.
23,922
13,650
No.
6
30
Totals 1914
Totals 1915
40,999
16,173
43,741
18,263
37,572
10,127
36
Included in British Columbia.
90
AREA AND POPULATION.
37. Destination of Immigrants into Canada by Provinces, 1901-1915.
Fiscal
Year.
Mari
time
Prov.
Que
bec.
On
tario.
Mani
toba.
Sas
katch
ewan.
Al- British
berta Colum
bia.
Not
shown
Totals.
1901
No.
2,144
2,312
5,821
5,448
4,128
6,381
6,510
10,360
6,517
10,644
13,236
15,973
19,806
16,730
11,104
No.
10,216
8,817
17,040
20,222
23,666
25,212
18,319
44,157
19,733
28,524
42,914
50,602
64,835
80,368
31,053
No.
6,208
9,798
14,854
21,266
35,811
52,746
32,654
75,133
29,265
46,129
80,035
100,227
122,798
123,792
44,873
No.
11,254
17,422
39,535
34,911
35,387
35,648
20,273
39,789
19,702
21,049
34,653
43,477
43,813
41,640
13,196
No.
No.
j
No.
2,600
3,483
5,378
6,994
6,008
12,406
13,650
30,768
21,862
30,721
54,701
51,843
57,960
37,608
10,127
No.
2,567
3,348
1,838
1,093
1,977
1,766
395
195
32
No.
49,149
67^79
128,364
130,331
146,266
189,064
124,667
262,469
146,908
208,794
311,084
354,237
402.432
384,878
144,789
14
22
43
40
39
28,728
15,307
30,590
22,146
29,218
40,763
46,158
45,147
40,999
16,173
,160
,199
,898
,397
,289
26,177
17,559
31,477
27,651
42,509
44,782
45,957
48,073
43,741
18,263
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907 (9 mos.)
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
Totals. . . .
137,114 485,678795,589 451,749 821,361
346,109
13,211
3,050,811
38. Record of Chinese Immigration, 1886-1914.
Fiscal Year.
Paying
tax.
Ex
empt
from
tax.
Percentage
of total
arrivals
admitted
exempt
from tax.
Registra
tion for
leave.
Total
Revenue.
Paid to
Provinces
1886.
No.
211
No.
1
P.C.
0.47
No.
829
$
11,693
$
2,525
1887
124
734
7,425
1,450
1888
290
^_
868
15,695
3,588
1889
782
112
12.51
1,322
40,808
9,600
1890
1,069
97
8.32
1,671
56,258
13,250
1891
2,114
12
0.56
1,617
107,785
26,275
1892
3,276
6
0.18
2,168
166,502
40,663
1893
2,244
14
0.62
1,277
113,491
27,388
1894
2,087
22
1.04
666
105,021
25,438
1895
1,440
22
1.50
473
72,475
17,200
1896
1,762
24
1.34
697
88,800
21,312
1897
2,447
24
0.97
768
123,119
29,900
1898
2,175
17
0.78
802
109,754
26,400
1899
4,385
17
0.39
859
220,310
53,262
1900
4,231
26
0.61
1,102
215,102
55,462
1901
2,518
26
1.02
1,204
178,704
43,500
1902
3,525
62
1.73
1,922
364,972
87,687
1903
5,245
84
1.58
2,044
526,744
261,450
1904
4,719
128
2.64
1,920
474,420
231,000
1905
8
69
89.61
2,080
6,080
I
1906
22
146
86.90
2,421
13,521
25,550
1907i
91
200
68.73
2,594
48,094
j
1908
1,482
752
33.67
3,535
746,535
365,750
1909
1,411
695
33.00
37731
713,131
318,750
1910
1,614
688
29.89
4,002
813,003
382,450
1911
4,515
805
15.13
3,956
2,262,056
1,122,750
1912
6,083
498
7.57
4,322
3,049,722
1,497,452
1913
7,078
367
4.93
3,742
3,549,242
1,741,776
1914
5,274
238
4.32
3,450
2,644,593
1,284,652
Totals
72,222
5,152
6.66
56,776
16,845,056
7,716,480
iNine months.
91
IMMIGRATION.
39. Number of Chinese in Canada by Provinces, according to the Censuses of 1901
and 1911.
Provinces.
1901.
1911.
In
crease
Provinces.
1901.
1911.
In
crease
Prince Edward IsPd
Nova Scotia
No.
4
106
59
1,037
732
206
No.
6
134
93
1,578
2,766
885
No.
2
28
34
541
2,034
679
Saskatchewan. .
No.
41
235
14,885
7
No.
957
1,787
19,568
No.
916
1,552
4,683
-7
Alberta.
New Brunswick. . . .
British Columbia...
Northwest Ter ito-
ries. .
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Yukon Territory. . .
Totals for Canada . . .
17,312
27,774
10,462
40. Record of Oriental Immigration, 1901-1915.
Fiscal
Year.
Chi
nese.
Japa
nese.
Hin
doos.
Total.
Fiscal
Year.
Chi
nese.
Japa
nese.
Hin
doos.
Total.
1901.
No.
7
No.
6
No.
No.
13
1909
No.
1,887
No.
495
No.
6
No.
2 388
1902
2
.
2
1910
2,156
271
10
2 437
1903
_
_
1911
5 278
437
5
5 720
1904
_^
, .
_
1912
6,247
765
3
7 015
1905
354
45
399
1913
7,445
724
5
8 174
1906
18
1,922
387
2,327
1914
5 512
856
88
6 456
1907
92
2,042
2,124
4,258
1915
1,258
592
1,850
1908
1 884
7 601
2 623
12 108
Total . . .
31,786
16,065
5,296
53,147
41. Expenditure on Immigration in the fiscal years 1868-1914.
Year.
$
Year.
$
Year.
$
Year.
$
1868. .
36,050
1880. .
161,213
1892. .
177 605
1904
744 788
1869
26,952
1881 . . .
214,251
1893 . .
180,677
1905
972 357
1870.
55,966
1882. .
215 339
1894
202 235
1906
842 668
1871.
54,004
1883. .
373,958
1895
195,653
1907i
611 206
1872
109,954
1884. .
511,209
1896
120,199
1908
1 074 696
1873. . .
265,718
1885 . .
423,861
1897
127 438
1909
979 321
1874. . .
291,297
1886 . .
257,355
1898
261,195
1910
960 676
1875
278,777
1887. . .
341,236
1899
255,879
1911
1 079 130
1876
338,179
1888
244,789
1900..
434,563
1912
1 365 000
1877. . .
309,353
1889 . .
202,499
1901
444,730
1913
1 427 112
1878
154,351
1890. .. .
110,092
1902. .
494,842
1914
1 893 298
1879
186 403
1891
isi 045
1903
42 Q14
Total . .
20,832,033
Nine months.
92
IV. EDUCATION.
This section includes a brief summary of the census statistics of
illiteracy and school attendance, a description by provinces of the
salient features of the existing Canadian systems of education and a
presentation by provinces in tabular form of the principal annual
education statistics of Canada from the beginning of the present century.
CENSUS STATISTICS OF ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
Bliteracy. Defining illiteracy as inability to read and write, the
census returns of 1911 show that out of the total population in Canada
of five years and over, viz., 6,319,160, the number of illiterates was
663,453, or 11.02 p.c. If the age be fixed at six years and over, the
total number is 6,154,511; and of these all but 521,842, or 8.48 p.c.,
were returned as being able to read. The percentage of illiteracy is
highest amongst the foreign-born and lowest amongst the British-born
population. Exact comparisons of illiteracy in Canada with other
countries is not possible, because, first, definitions of illiteracy vary,
and, secondly, the age-period to which the illiteracy applies is in most
cases different from that of Canada. Census tables giving details of
the literacy of the population of Canada in 1911 were included in the
Year Book of 1913, pages 89 to 94.
School Attendance. The total number of persons between the
school ages of five and twenty at the date of the Census of 1911 was
2,306,558. Of this number 1,147,838, or 49.76 p.c., attended school for
some period during 1910, and the remaining 1,158,720, or 50.24 p.c.,
did not attend school during that year. Table 1 shows the numbers
and Table 2 the percentage attending school in 1910, classified by age-
periods and by sex for Canada and for each of the provinces. In this
table, however, the school population aged five to twenty of the Yukon
(1,160) and the Northwest Territories (5,739) are not included.
1. Numbers Attending School by Sex- and Age-Periods, 1910.
Provinces.
Males 5-20.
Females 5-20.
Males 5 years.
Females 5
years.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
At
School.
P. E. Island
16,913
84,455
62,749
359,108
389,200
74,665
78,260
58,843
48,332
9,009
44,029
31,184
182,884
201,640
33,982
30,314
22,394
20,278
16,210
82,647
60,270
358,484
376,157
71,475
68,928
51,795
41,168
8,570
45,144
31,288
183,450
198,417
33,777
29,156
21,270
19,828
996
5,798
4,192
26,839
25,171
5,528
6,106
4,362
3,241
94
907
273
5,031
3,739
415
508
275
182
959
5,761
4,282
27,234
24,765
5,560
5,947
4,281
3,046
115
915
297
5,131
3,768
414
499
299
133
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick. .
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan. . .
Alberta
British Columbia
Total
1,172,525
575,714
1,127,134
570,900
82,233
11,424 81,835
11,571
93
CENSUS STATISTICS OF ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
1. Numbers Attending School by Sex- and Age-Periods, 1910 concluded.
Provinces.
Males 6-9.
Females 6-9.
Males 10-14.
Females 10-14.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
Af
School.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
At
School.
P. E. Island
4,171
22,263
16,656
101,356
97,994
20,064
21,283
15,918
11,821
2,931
16,211
11,069
76,329
74,809
12,415
11,655
8,160
7,325
4,038
21,849
16,117
101,406
95,303
19,577
20,410
15,022
11,302
2,843
16,071
10,623
76,093
72,026
11,979
11,054
7,403
7,216
5,462
26,271
19,570
111,422
118,421
21,648
21,475
16,618
12,989
4,748
21,712
15,864
87,466
99,000
16,451
14,967
10,920
9,944
5,056
25,475
18,669
110,750
114,597
21,167
20,675
15,744
12,367
4,372
21,487
15,548
87,572
96,517
16,324
14,214
10,303
9,489
Nova Scotia ....
New Brunswick. . . .
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
BritishColumbia . . .
Total
311,526
220,904
305,024
215,308
353,876
281,072
344,500
275,826
Provinces.
Males 15-20
Females 15-20. Males 6-16 .
Females 6-16.
Total.
At
School.
Total.
At At
School. Total. School.
Total.
At
School.
P. E. Island
6,284
30,123
22,331
119,491
147,614
27,425
29,396
21,945
20,281
1,236
5,199
3,978
14,058
24,092
4,701
3,184
3,039
2,827
6,157
29,562
21,202
119,094
141,492
25,171
21,896
16,748
14,453
1,240 11,892 8,631
6,671 59,021 41,789
4,820 43,855 29,832
14,654254,790173,419
26,106264,780190,474
5,060 50,102 32,146
3,389 50,491 28,951
3,265 38,637 21,226
2,990 30,074 19,188
11,233
57,443
42,157
253,608
256,571
49,045
48,305
36,462
28,296
8,156
42,176
29,550
174,483
186,165
31,701
27,711
19,937
18,790
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick ....
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia. . .
Total
424,890
62,314
395,775
68,195 803,642 545,656 783,120
538,669
2. Percentage attending School by Sex- and Age-Periods, 1910.
Provinces.
5 to 20
Years.
5 Years.
6 to 9
Years.
10 to 14
Years.
15 to 20
Years.
6 to 16
Years.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
P. E. Island. .
Nova Scotia. .
New B r u n s-
wick
p.c.
53.27
52.13
49.70
50.92
51.81
49.51
38.73
38.06
41.96
p.c.
52.87
54.62
51.91
51.17
52.75
47.26
42.30
41.07
48.16
p.c.
9.44
15.64
6.51
18.75
14.85
7.51
8.32
6.30
5.62
p.c.
11.99
15.88
6.94
18.84
15.22
7.45
8.39
6.98
4.37
p.c.
70.27
72.82
66.46
75.31
76.34
61.88
54.76
51.26
61.97
p.c.
70.41
73.55
65.91
75.04
75.58
61.19
54.16
49.28
63.85
p.c.
86.93
82.65
81.06
78.50
83.60
75.99
69.69
65.71
76.56
p.c.
86.47
84.35
83.28
79.07
84.22
77.12
68.75
65.44
76.73
p.c.
19.67
17.26
17.81
11.76
16.32
17.14
10.83
13.85
13.94
p.c.
20.14
22.57
22.73
12.30
18.45
20.10
15.48
19.49
20.69
p.c.
72.58
70.80
68.02
68.06
71.94
64.16
57.34
54.94
63.80
p.c.
72.61
73.42
70.10
68.80
72.56
64.64
57.37
54.68
66.41
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba. . .
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Col
umbia
Canada 1 .. .149.10
50.6513.89
14.14
70.91
70.59
79.43
80 0714 67
17.2367.9068.78
1 Exclusive of Yukon and the Northwest Territorieg.
94
EDUCATION IN CANADA.
General Features of Canadian Education System. Under the
British North America Act, 1867, the right to legislate on matters
respecting education was exclusively reserved to the provincial legis
latures, subject to the maintenance of the rights and privileges of the
denominational and separate schools as existing at the time of union
or admission of provinces. 1 In general there are two fundamental
systems of education throughout Canada, one that of the Protestant
communities, free from the control of religious bodies, and the other
that of the Roman Catholic French and Irish communities in which
education is united with the religious teaching of the Roman Catholic
Church. In Ontario, Roman Catholics have the right to form what
are known as " Separate Schools " for elementary education, the local
rates for the support of these schools being separately levied and applied.
In Quebec, Saskatchewan and Alberta similar provisions apply. In
the remaining provinces there are separate schools for Roman Catholics
in the larger cities and towns.
In all the provinces the cost of education is defrayed from the
public revenues, provincial and local, and public elementary education
is free to parents or guardians, except for certain small fees which are
payable in parts of the province of Quebec. With the exception of
Quebec all the provinces have laws of compulsory education, but under
conditions that differ as between one province and another. In general
the provincial laws provide for uniformity in the training of teachers,
the use of text books and the grading of pupils. Secondary schools
or departments, and colleges or universities for higher education, exist
under government control in all the provinces, and the three classes of
teaching institutions are more or less co-ordinated to allow of natural
transition from the lower to the higher. School terms and holidays
are arranged to suit climatic and other local conditions; so that it is
frequently possible for students to work their own way through college
and the university. Arrangements for the superannuation of teachers
are applied in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario.
Recent movements in the direction of nature study, manual instruc
tion, school gardens, agriculture, domestic science and technical educa
tion are all energetically in progress, and in the more progressive
provinces the higher education of women is an important feature of
university life.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
General Organization. The Public Schools Act of 1877 forms the
basis of the existing system of education in Prince Edward Island.
Supreme control lies with the Board of Education, which consists of
the members of the Executive Council, the Chief Superintendent of
Education and the principal of the Prince of Wales College and Normal
School. The province is divided into school districts. In urban centres
these consist of the whole city or town, and for rural communities
each district contains an area of about four square miles.
x See page 12 of this edition of the Year Book.
95
EDUCATION IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Local Management.- -The local management for each school
district is in the hands of three trustees, one of whom retires
annually. In Charlottetown and Summerside there are seven trustees,
four of whom are appointed by the Board of Education and three
by the city council. The schools are divided into (1) primary, (2)
advanced or graded and (3) first class schools, and the teachers are
trained in the Normal School Department of the Prince of Wales
College. The annual school meeting is held in every district on the
third Tuesday in June, when moneys are voted for all school purposes,
and a trustee is elected in place of the retiring member of the board.
The school year consists of two teaching terms, one ending on June 30
and the other on December 31. The vacations are three weeks in
May and three weeks in October, as well as the first week in July or
the last week in December. Charlottetown and Summerside arrange
for their own times of vacation with the approval of the board. A
majority vote at an annual meeting empowers trustees to take July
and August as the vacation period. There are ten inspectors of schools
in as many inspectorial divisions. Primary education is free and com
pulsory; but the regulations regarding compulsory attendance are not
very rigorously enforced.
Sources of Income.- -The schools are supported by government
grants, supplemented by the local rates levied by assessments on prop
erty. There may be also a poll tax not exceeding $1, if the rate
payers at the annual meeting so decide.
Higher Education. Students who have passed the entrance
examinations attend the Prince of Wales College at Charlottetown,
and graduates of this College may enter as second year students at
Me Gill University, Montreal.
NOVA SCOTIA.
General Organization. Education in Nova Scotia is under the
general administrative control of the Executive Council, who, with the
Superintendent of Education as secretary, constitute the Council of
Public Instruction. The Premier and Provincial Secretary is practically
the Minister for Education, and the Superintendent of Education is
the permanent executive officer of the Council, occupying a position
virtually equivalent to that of a deputy minister. An Advisory Board
of Education consisting of seven members, five appointed by the
Lieutenant-Governor in Council and two elected every two years by
the teachers at the convention of the Provincial Educational Association,
advises the Council of Public Instruction and the Superintendent of
Education respecting text books, the qualifications and examination of
teachers, the courses of study, the classification, organization and disci
pline of the Normal College, county academies and the public schools
and other educational matters referred to it by the Superintendent or
the Council. District Boards of Commissioners, each consisting of not
less than seven commissioners appointed by the Council of Education,
exercise a limited jurisdiction over 33 areas, each averaging half a
county. They have large powers over sections in condemning school
buildings, appointing school trustees and ordering levies of money to
96
EDUCATION.
keep schools open in cases where the ratepayers fail in respect of these
duties. The province is also divided by the Council of Education into
twelve inspectorial divisions, with a school inspector for each division.
The school inspector is a member of each district Board of Commissioners
and is its secretary ex officio.
Elementary Schools. The province is further divided into school
sections, each of which is a self-governing educational corporation,
comprising the territory of a city, town, or rural area approximating
four miles in diameter, and electing three trustees for the local manage
ment of the schools. At the annual meeting of the school section, held
on the last Monday in June, except in fishing settlements, where the
Council of Public Instruction on petition of the school board fixes the
first Monday in March before the fishermen go to sea, the board of
three school trustees presents its report for the past year and its estimates
for the next year to the ratepayers for their decision. The senior
trustee retires, and his successor is elected for three years. The board
has full control of all school affairs, subject to the conditions fixed by
law and to the oversight of the inspector. In towns, the school board
consists of three members of the town council and two members ap
pointed by the Government. In Halifax six commissioners are appointed
by the City Council and six are appointed by the Provincial Government.
The school year technically begins on August 1, in the middle of the
summer vacation. The teaching term opens at the end of August and
closes at the end of June. There are two weeks of vacation at Christ
mas. The operation in each section of legal provisions as to compulsory
attendance is dependent upon their adoption by a vote of the ratepayers.
Subject to certain exemptions compulsory attendance is general for chil
dren from 6 to 16 in the cities and towns and from 7 to 12 in the country.
Sources of Income. The School revenue is derived from (1) the
local or sectional assessment voted at the annual meeting; (2) the muni
cipal school fund, amounting to 35 cents per capita of each rural muni
cipality (of which there are 24), but levied on the real and personal
property; and (3) the provincial aid to teachers. The municipal school
fund is distributed to school boards as follows: $25 for each teacher em
ployed, and the balance, about an equal aggregate, according to the
attendance of pupils. The law allows municipalities to raise a larger
fund; three counties have now a fund based on 50 cents per capita,
and receive $50 for each teacher employed. The provincial aid is paid
to the teacher in proportion to the class of license held. Class D (third
class) receive $60 per annum; Class C (second class) $90; Class B (first
class) $120; Class A (superior first class) $150; and Class " Academic,"
whose scholarship must henceforward be of university graduate grade,
$180 or $210, according to position.
School Grades.- -The public school programme is outlined in twelve
grades, representing the average annual work of a pupil. The first
eight are known as the common school grades, and the last four, Grades
IX, X, XI, and XII, are known as high school grades all free to pupils
within the school section. One high school in each county can obtain
an extra grant of money as a county academy for free admission to its
classes of all students from the county who may be qualified. The four
97
EDUCATION IN NOVA SCOTIA.
high school grades and the B.A. or B.Sc. from a recognized university,
plus Normal College training and a Dominion physical training certi
ficate, with corresponding ages and good health and character, form
respectively the approximate standards of the five classes of teachers,
D, C, B, A and Academic.
Secondary Education. This is provided for partly by the four high
school grades of the public schools (IX to XII) and partly by county
academies, of which there are 18 in the province, situated usually in
the county towns. In return for an extra grant called the " Academic/
the county academy admits free any pupil from the county who passes
the county academy entrance examination, which is the common school-
leaving examination on the standard of Grade VIII. Every high school
must admit pupils free from within its own school section. In 1913, out
of 8,638 high school pupils, 2,029 were attending the county academies.
Provincial examinations are held for the high school grades at about 60
stations during the last week of school term, all candidates, whether
making a " pass " or not, receiving a certificate showing the proficiency
of the candidate in each subject. These certificates are accepted for
what they are worth for admission to the normal and other colleges and
universities, not only in Nova Scotia but by many provinces and states
abroad. The relation of the secondary schools to higher institutions
is practically as close as is that of the common schools to the high schools,
due especially to the device of four grades of high school certificates
containing estimates of proficiency in each subject. The universities
and colleges of the province accept these certificates so far as they
cover their respective matriculation standards in each subject.
Higher Education. The universities and colleges having degree-
conferring powers are eight in number, mostly with denominational
affiliations. The largest had in 1914 an enrolment of 417, and of all
eight the enrolment was 1,084. They are independent of the Educa
tion Department, but have affiliated to them first the Technical College
and secondly the teachers examination system, graduation from a
recognised university a four years course following a matriculation
standard approximating the high school grade XII pass being accepted
in lieu of some departmental examinations.
Religious Instruction. No form of religious instruction is provided
for the schools, the regulation of this matter being left to the local
trustees. While, however, the law sanctions no special denominational
teaching, it does instruct the teacher to inculcate by precept and example
a respect for religion and the principles of Christian morality, and it
prevents the forcing of any kind of religious exercises upon those formally
protesting against them.
Manual Training and Technical Instruction. A free manual train
ing system is articulated with the public school system of twelve years
work. It is subdivided into three kinds, known respectively as (1)
mechanic science, (2) domestic science and (3) rural science. The first
two are most effectively developed in the cities and towns, the last in
the country. The Normal and Agricultural Colleges in Truro co-operate
in supporting a Rural Science Training School for teachers. The
College of Agriculture at Truro had 102 students in its regular course.
93
EDUCATION.
and 352 attending its short courses during the year. The principal of
the college is also secretary of agriculture for the province. The
Nova Scotia Technical College, established in 1907 at Halifax, is affiliated
to the numerous universities of the Atlantic provinces, which have
agreed to teach the first two years of the course, leaving only the last
two years, which require the more expensive equipment, for the pro
vincial institution. The three buildings, with their laboratories and
apparatus, cost about $275,000; they provide facilities for scientific
research and professional training in civil, mining, mechanical, chemical
and electrical engineering, architecture, navigation, etc. The principal
of the college is also director of technical education for the province.
Coal mining and engineering schools are provided at the greater indus
trial centres; and local evening technical schools are established in the
more populous centres.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
General Organization. The public schools of New Brunswick are
free and non-sectarian. School privileges are provided free to all children
resident in a district between the ages of six and twenty. The Board
of Education, with the Chief Superintendent of Education as secretary,
is in supreme control of the public schools. The board is composed of
the Lieutenant-Governor, the members of the Executive Council, the
Chancellor of the University of New Brunswick, and the Chief Super
intendent of Education. Three members of the Executive, with the
chairman (who must be the Lieutenant-Governor, or, in his absence,
the premier) and the Chief Superintendent of Education, constitute a
quorum.
Courses of Instruction. The common school course includes the
first eight grades of instruction. The high school course provides for
work beyond the eighth grade, and prepares students for the university.
School Districts. A rural school district must contain an area of
at least three and one-half square miles, or must have at least fifty
children of school age. Each city and town is usually a school district.
In rural districts, schools are under the control of a board of trustees,
consisting of three ratepayers of the district, elected for a term of three
years. In cities and towns, the boards of trustees consist of from nine
to eleven members, the majority of whom are appointed by the city or
town council, and the remainder by the Executive Council of the
province. Two of the members may be women, one appointed by the
city or town council and one by the Executive Council.
The school year technically begins on July 1 and ends on June 30,
and is divided into two terms, one beginning about August 26 and
ending on the Friday preceding Christmas week, and the other beginning
early in January and ending June 30. There are eight weeks vacation
in summer, beginning July 1, and two weeks in winter, between terms.
There is also an Easter vacation, extending from Good Friday until the
following Wednesday. A compulsory attendance law becomes operative
only when adopted by the annual school meeting, which is held on the
second Monday in July, or when adopted by the city or town council
in urban school districts.
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EDUCATION IN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Support of Schools. Schools are supported from three sources, viz.,
government grants, county fund grants, and local district assessment.
The county fund is provided for by municipal assessment, and is a sum
equal to 60 cents per head of the population, according to the last
decennial census. The trustees receive from the county fund $30 per
annum for each school or department in operation the full term. The
balance of the county fund is distributed among the schools of the
county pro rata, according to the attendance of a school as compared
with that for the county. The government grants are made upon the
basis of the qualifications and length of service of the teachers, under
conditions prescribed by the school law. All other funds for schools
must be provided by direct taxation upon the local school district.
Secondary Education.- -This is provided for in grammar and
superior schools. The law provides for the establishment of one
grammar school in each county, and 14 of the 15 counties of New Bruns
wick operate grammar schools. Grammar schools must provide for
instruction in grades IX, X and XI. A grammar school is free to all
pupils resident in the county in which it is situated, and above Grade VIII
of the graded school course. Only one grammar school in the province,
that in St. John, provides for -a four years course. One superior school
may be established in each county for every 6,000 inhabitants, or a
majority fraction of 6,000. An additional superior school may be
established on the recommendation of the school inspector. A superior
school may be required to provide instruction in the high school grades
IX, X and XI. There are about fifty superior schools in the province.
A superior school is free to all pupils residing within the parish in which
the school is established, and above Grade VI of the graded school course.
Consolidated Schools. Consolidated schools have been established
at Riverside, Florence ville, Hampton and Kingston. A consolidated
school district must include not less than three rural school districts,
and must provide for instruction in household science, manual training
and school garden work, in addition to the regular school work of
the grades. These schools are supported in the same way as other
schools, via., by government and county fund grants and by local
assessment. In addition to these grants, a consolidated district
receives a special government grant, usually $1,000 per annum. Children
are conveyed from remote parts of the district in vans provided by the
district, and the government pays one-half the cost of conveyance.
Manual Training and Household Science Teachers. Manual train
ing and household science departments are operated by school boards
in a number of the cities and towns outside of the consolidated schools.
The government pays one-half the cost of equipment of manual training
and household science departments, also one-half the cost of the initial
supply of materials. Household science and manual training teachers
who devote their whole time to the work receive a government grant
of $200 per annum. Teachers who teach these subjects not less than
three hours per week, in addition to the regular work of the school,
receive a government grant of $50 per annum.
Inspection.- -The province is divided into eight inspectorial
districts, with one school inspector for each district. It is his duty to
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EDUCATION.
visit all ungraded schools in his district once in each school term and
each graded school or department once in each year. He is required
to make monthly reports of the visitation of schools to the Education
Department, and generally to assist the department in promoting
educational efficiency in the schools of his district.
Higher Education.- -The public school course of the province leads
up to, and is completed in the University of New Brunswick, which
is supported by government grants, fees from students and the
income from endowments. It is situated at Fredericton. The senate,
its governing body, is composed of 14 members, nine of whom,
including the president and chancellor, are appointed by the Lieu
tenant-Governor in Council; four are elected by the associated alumni
of the university, and one is elected by the Educational Institute
of New Brunswick. The president and chancellor are permanent
members of the senate; the others hold office, some for two and
others for three years. The Chief Superintendent of Education is ex-
officio president of the university. The chancellor of the university
is the chairman of the faculty, and the administrator of the affairs of
the university. He is appointed by the Lieutenant-Go vernor in Council.
The senate of the university appoints the professors and other officers,
and fixes their salaries. The university provides a four years course
for degrees in Arts and in Science. Students of both sexes are ad
mitted to the Arts course on equal terms. The matriculation or
entrance examinations may be written either at the departmental ex
aminations held under the Board of Education in July, or at the open
ing of the university in September. The student making the highest
standing in any county, in the July examination, receives the scholar
ship of $60 for that county.
Normal School. A normal and a model school for the training of
teachers are provided for by the Board of Education; they are situated at
Fredericton. Teachers entering for a class higher than the third or
lowest class must attend the normal school at least one school year.
The normal school year begins on September 1 and ends about June 1.
School Gardens.- -This department of work is chiefly under the
control and direction of the Department of Agriculture, and government
grants are made to teachers and trustees of districts in which school
gardens are maintained from the moneys provided for agricultural
education. The work is supervised and directed by an official called
the Director of Elementary Agricultural Education. Agricultural
schools for the qualifying of teachers are held annually at Woodstock
and Sussex. Any board of school trustees that provides for and
satisfactorily maintains instruction in elementary agriculture, with
school garden, in accordance with the course prescribed by the Board
of Education in this subject, is entitled to receive a special grant of
$50 per annum for the first year, and thereafter $30 per annum. A
partial course certificated teacher receives at the rate of $30 per school
year, and a full course certificated teacher receives at the rate of $50
per school year.
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EDUCATION IN QUEBEC.
QUEBEC.
General Organization. The system of education in the French-
speaking province of Quebec differs fundamentally from that of the
other provinces. It has its roots in the religious organization of the
Roman Catholic Church and dates from the French regime (1608 to
1759). Prior to Confederation important laws were passed in 1836,
when the first steps were taken towards division of the province into
school municipalities; in 1841, when a Department of Education was
established; and in 1846, when an Act was passed which is the basis of
the existing school law of the province. At present the school organ
ization of Quebec is under the control of a Council of Public Instruction,
presided over by a Superintendent of Public Instruction. Where the
duties of this officer are not specifically defined by law he receives
directions from the government through the Provincial Secretary.
There is no special Minister of Education for the province. The Council
of Public Instruction is composed of all the Roman Catholic Bishops,
or Vicars Apostolic, whose dioceses or parts of whose dioceses are in
the province of Quebec, now numbering 15, an equal number of Roman
Catholic laymen appointed by the Crown and an equal number of
Protestants similarly appointed.
Roman Catholic and Protestant Committees.- -The Council is
divided into two Committees, one composed of the Roman Catholic
and the other of the Protestant members. The Roman Catholic
Committee has, in addition to the full members of the Council, four
associate members, two being priests, principals of normal schools, and
two being laymen, officers of public instruction. The Protestant Com
mittee has six associate members elected by the Committee, and one
annually elected by the Protestant Teachers Provincial Association.
The associate members of the Protestant Committee have the same
powers as the other members of the Committee, but do not form part
of the Council of Public Instruction. School questions in which the
interests of Roman Catholics and Protestants are collectively concerned
are decided by the whole Council; but ordinarily the Committees meet
separately and have independent and final jurisdiction over schools of
their own faith. Each Committee makes regulations subject to the
approval of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council (1) for the organization,
administration and discipline of public schools; (2) for division of the
province into inspection districts; (3) for normal schools; (4) for boards
of examiners; (5) for the examination of candidates for school inspector;
(6) for the school holidays. The Superintendent is assisted by a staff
of 49 inspectors under two Inspectors-General, one for the Roman
Catholic schools and one for the Protestant schools.
School Municipalities. The basis of the school organization is the
school municipality, which is established solely for education purposes.
Except in the cities the school municipalities are created by the Lieuten
ant-Governor on the recommendation of the Superintendent of Public
Instruction.
Board of School Commissioners.- -The local authority in each school
municipality is vested in a board of five school commissioners elected
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EDUCATION.
by the ratepayers to serve for three years. The board is responsible for
the erection, equipment and maintenance of schools, the administration
of the school property and the fixing of the school assessment and
monthly dues from the parents. Its annual report to the Superinten
dent of Public Instruction includes a census of the children from 5 to
16 years of age, the rate of the yearly assessment and monthly fee and
the amount collected. In the cities of Montreal and Quebec the
boards are not elected but are appointed, and in Montreal the rate of
taxation is fixed by provincial statute.
Sources of Income. The financial resources of the school munici
palities comprise (1) the sums raised by local rates and (2) grants
made by the Legislature. The former consist of the school assessment,
which is levied on all rateable property of a school municipality, and the
monthly fee, which is collected for every child who attends or who
should attend the public schools. The grant of the Legislature is
divided proportionally to the number of the children enrolled.
Religious Minorities. Schools for religious minorities are provided
under arrangements by which in any school municipality ratepayers
professing a religious faith different from that of the majority may
withdraw from the control of the school commissioners in order to form
a separate corporation and establish schools of their own. Having so
withdrawn they elect three trustees, who stand in the same relation to
them as the commissioners stand to the majority. When two-thirds
of the minority in a municipality dissent the rest are dissentient by law,
except such persons as may be sending their children to the schools of
the commissioners.
Elementary Schools. The primary or elementary schools are
classified as either Roman Catholic or Protestant, which is usually
equivalent to a classification as French and English respectively, both
as to race and language. The Irish Roman Catholics are usually
classified amongst the Roman Catholics without distinction as to
language. School attendance is not compulsory. The school age is
generally understood to be from seven to 14 years, but children have
the right to enter at five years of age and to continue until they are 18.
Before attaining this latter age they have either completed their educa
tion or have entered the intermediate or the secondary schools. In
the city of Montreal elementary education is free to the Protestant and
Jewish children in the schools of the Protestant commissioners. In
nearly all other elementary schools in the province fees are charged at
a rate which cannot exceed 50 cents a month nor be less than five cents,
but school boards may by resolution abolish the monthly fee. The
average monthly fee is about 25 cents. It is payable for each child
from 7 to 14 whether attending school or not. School fees cannot,
however, be exacted from indigent persons, nor for insane, deaf, dumb or
blind children, nor for children absent on account of prolonged illness or
attending certain schools elsewhere. The fee is rather a poll tax than
a fee. It is collected by the treasurer of the school board, generally
together with the ordinary tax on real estate. In no case is a teacher
allowed to receive it from the pupils, and the law provides that no child
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EDUCATION IN QUEBEC.
from 7 to 14 may be excluded from school for non-payment of monthly
fees.
Secondary Education. As a general rule secondary education is
under the same board of school commissioners as control the elementary
or primary schools. The secondary schools comprise model or inter
mediate primary schools and academies or higher primary schools.
In the primary elementary schools there are four grades, in the primary
intermediate or model two, and in the higher primary or academic two.
The course of study is a continuous one for the three classes of schools.
The Roman Catholic secondary schools, provided by the ordinary school
boards, are either maintained by taxation, fees and government grants,
or they are " independent," being supported by fees, government grants
and in some cases subsidies from school boards. They are subject to
government inspection, are required to follow the authorized course of
study and to observe the regulations of the Roman Catholic Committee.
Of the intermediate schools there are 507, controlled by school boards
and attended by 92,083 pupils, and 126 independent schools, attended
by 11,715 pupils. The board schools are almost invariably mixed,
whilst many of the independent are for either boys or girls. The
secondary board schools are 80 in number and have an attendance of
30,116; there are also 134 independent secondary schools, with an
attendance of 23,533. Most of the latter are boys schools under the
direction of friars, or girls schools under nuns. Many of the school
boards employ religious rather than lay teachers. In these two classes
of schools 4,646 religious teachers are employed with 905 lay teachers.
Roman Catholic Classical Colleges.- -These are 21 in number, with
an attendance of 8,189, and are staffed by 663 religious and 29 lay
professors. They are all under the control of the bishops of the various
dioceses, and are carried on with some slight assistance from the govern
ment. They are residential colleges which boys may enter at 12, while
doing their elementary work, and in which they may continue until they
fit themselves for the B.A. or B.Sc. degree, or for entrance upon the
study of the learned professions. They do elementary, secondary and
even university work, the degrees being conferred by the University of
Laval, to which they are affiliated. Commercial classes are also included
and are taken by about one-third of the total number of pupils.
Protestant Secondary Schools.- -These are provided by the ordinary
school boards and are supported in the same way as the elementary
schools. They are divided into model or intermediate schools and
academies or secondary schools. Two high schools, one in Montreal
and one in Quebec, succeeded two Royal grammar schools, which were
established in 1816. Since Confederation each has received a grant
from the province, and the Lieutenant-Governor has the right of nomi
nating 50 free scholars for the higher classes of these two high schools.
There are thus always in attendance at these two schools 50 free scholars
holding what are called " Government Scholarships." About 50
scholarships entitling the holders to free tuition in the high school, carry
ing them to university matriculation, are also offered by the Protestant
School Board of Montreal, and a similar plan is followed in Quebec,
the scholarships being, however, fewer in number. There are other
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EDUCATION.
secondary schools in the province, including a grammar school at Lennox-
ville under the control of the Church of England, a boarding school for
both sexes at Stanstead controlled by the Wesleyan Methodist Church,
but receiving a government grant.
Training of Teachers. Teachers are trained in normal schools,
in the universities or not at all. Every teacher in schools under the
control of the school commissioners or trustees must hold a diploma
conferred by a normal school or a board of examiners. Ministers of
religion and the members of a religious corporation of either sex,
instituted for teaching purposes, are exempt from the regulation. Roman
Catholic teachers in secondary schools are trained in normal schools
with those of the lower grade. There are no special training colleges
for secondary teachers in Protestant schools, but McGill University has
recently founded a Chair of Education, and teacher-training facilities
also exist at Bishop s College.
Higher Education. There are three universities in the province
of Quebec, viz., McGill University, Montreal; Laval University, Quebec;
and the University of Bishop s College, Lennoxville. McGill University,
founded originally as McGill College and named after its founder, the
Hon. James McGill, who died in 1813, was incorporated by Royal Charter
in 1821 and received an amended charter in 1852. English, non-sec
tarian and national rather than provincial in scope, it is affiliated to
the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, and to it are affiliated
seven Canadian colleges, including five colleges in the province and the
Vancouver and Victoria Colleges in British Columbia. The Macdonald
Agricultural College at Ste. Anne de Bellevue is incorporated with this
university and is under the control of its governors. Laval University,
French and Roman Catholic, was founded in 1852 and has a branch
at Montreal. It is under the direction of a Superior Council composed
of the Roman Catholic Archbishops and Bishops of the province. To
it are affiliated surveying, polytechnic, veterinary, dental and forestry
schools; also the School of Higher Commercial Studies at Montreal
and the Agricultural Institute of Oka. The University of Bishop s
College is under the direction of the Church of England in Canada.
Technical and Agricultural Instruction. The institutions for
technical instruction include the Science Department of the McGill
University, the Polytechnic School affiliated to Laval University and
the Commercial and Technical High School at Montreal for day and
evening classes. In 1907 a School of Higher Commercial Studies
(ficole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales) was established at Montreal
by Act of the Legislature. It provides courses in the principles of
banking, administration and political economy, and is at present the
only institution in Canada possessing a special Chair of Statistics. The
majority of the students are French-Canadian Roman Catholics, and
the Quebec Government has recently taken power to place the institution
under the charge of Laval University. There are four institutions in
the province for the teaching of agriculture, including a Dairy School
at St. Hyacinthe, the Agricultural Institute of Oka, the Agricultural
School at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere and the Macdonald College at Ste.
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EDUCATION IN QUEBEC.
Anne de Bellevue. The latter, founded, erected, equipped and endowed
by Sir William Macdonald of Montreal at a cost of nearly $7,000,000,
is organized in three Departments: (1) the school of agriculture; (2)
the school for teachers and (3) the school of household science. The
school of agriculture combines theoretical and practical instruction
with research work. The ordinary courses extend over two years for
a Diploma in Agriculture and over four years for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Agriculture (B.S.A.).
ONTARIO.
General Organization. In Ontario, education is under the control
of a Department of Education, now conducted by virtue of the Depart
ment of Education Act, passed by the Ontario Legislative Assembly
in 1909 (9 Edw. VII, c. 88). The Department is presided over by a
Minister of Education as its political head. A Deputy Minister of
Education acts as permanent administrative chief, and a Superintendent
of Education has the general supervision and direction of schools,
teachers examinations and school inspectors. Under the control of the
Department are public elementary schools (including kindergartens),
continuation schools, night schools, high schools, collegiate institutes,
art schools, model schools, normal schools, teachers institutes, libraries,
technical and industrial schools. As now organized, the Ontario system
of education may fairly be described as an organic whole, elementary,
secondary and higher education being duly co-ordinated.
Elementary Education. Elementary education in Ontario owes its
main features to the late Rev. Dr. Egerton Ryerson, who, appointed
Chief Superintendent of Education in 1844, held this office for 32 years.
From the Common Schools Act of 1846 his term of administration
included a successive series of education acts culminating in the Ontario
School Law of 18f71 which gave effect to the following principles :
(1) free tuition; (2) compulsory education of children of school age;
(3) county inspection and (4) uniform examinations for promotion
to the high schools. Under the existing law, and especially the Public
Schools Act of 1909 (9 Edw. VII, c. 89), elementary education is provided
for in Public Schools, and in what are known as " Separate Schools
for the children of Roman Catholics. Both of these classes of schools
are controlled by boards of trustees. In rural districts the townships
are divided into school sections, and the trustees, three in number, hold
office for three years, one going out of office annually, when his successor
is elected. In urban districts each ward is represented by two trustees,
or in municipalities, where there is no division into wards, six trustees
are elected. The duties of the trustees as laid down by the Public
Schools Act include the provision, equipment and maintenance of schools,
the engagement of teachers and the preparation of financial estimates.
The legal school age is from 5 to 21 years and the compulsory age of
attendance is from 8 to 14. The financial support of the schools is
derived from three sources, viz., (1) the appropriation from the Legis
lature; (2) county rates and (3) municipal assessments. Each school is
opened with the reading of Scripture and the Lord s Prayer, and is
10(3
EDUCATION.
closed with prayer; but no pupil is required to take part in any religious
exercise if his parent or guardian objects.
Separate Schools. Under the British North America Act, 1867,
Roman Catholics have certain education privileges guaranteed to
them, and they provide for the school training of their children in the
Roman Catholic religion by means of separate schools. Under the
Separate Schools Act of the province (3 Geo. V, c. 71), it is provided
that any number of heads of family, not less than five, being resident
Roman Catholics, may unite and establish a separate school; they then
become separate school supporters and are exempted from the payment
of rates for the ordinary public schools. In general the separate schools
are managed in the same way as are the public schools, and the trus
tees are elected in the same way.
Secondary Education. Secondary education in Ontario is provided
by high schools and collegiate institutes, the latter having superior
equipment and employing more teachers of higher attainments than those
of the high schools. They are controlled by trustees whose duties are
similar to those of the public school trustees, and they are supported
financially from four different sources : (1) government grants; (2)
county grants; (3) district or municipal grants and (4) fees from students.
Only graduates in arts of a university within the British Dominions may
hold the post of principal in these schools. In June every year an
uniform examination called the " entrance examination is held, and
only those pupils who pass it, or who have been specially recommended
by the teacher as fit to pass it, are admitted to a high school or col
legiate institute.
Training of Teachers. Elaborate provision is made for the training
of teachers for elementary schools by means of a number of county model
schools, and of seven normal schools, with model or practice schools as
adjuncts, situated at Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, London, Peterborough,
Stratford and North Bay. Teachers for the highest grade of certificate
in the public schools, and all those in high schools and collegiate in
stitutes, are trained at one or other of the faculties of education at
Queen s (Kingston) and Toronto Universities. Every position from
the lowest in the kindergarten to the highest in a collegiate institute
must be filled by a trained teacher, and no permanent teaching certificate
is granted to any candidate who does not possess the threefold qualifica
tions of scholarship, a knowledge of pedagogical principles and successful
practical experience. Public school teachers, except those of the lowest
grade, who are trained in county model schools and whose certificates
are valid only in sparsely settled districts, must have a second-class
certificate.
Higher Education. Provision for this is made by a number of
universities and colleges with varying religious affiliations in different
parts of the province; but the University of Toronto is the only uni
versity supported directly by the province. In 1887 it became a federa
tion, comprising the university itself as undenominational and various
other colleges and universities, including the University College,
St. Michael s College (Roman Catholic), Trinity and Wycliffe Colleges
(Church of England), Victoria University (Methodist), and Knox
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EDUCATION IN ONTARIO.
College (Presbyterian). The governing bodies of the University
consist of (1) the board of Governors administering the property; (2) the
senate controlling the academic side and (3) the caput dealing with
discipline. Convocation consists of all the graduates of the university
and of federated universities. The universities in other parts of the
province, which are not federated with or affiliated to the Toronto
University, include Queen s University at Kingston, and the McMaster
University at Toronto (Baptist) . There are also a number of institutions
for special training, including the Royal Military College at Kingston
(an institution of the Dominion Government) ; the Western University,
London (Medicine and Arts) ; the College of Art, Toronto ; Conservatories
of Music, Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton; the Royal College of Dental
Surgeons, Toronto; the Ontario College of Pharmacy, Toronto; the
Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph; and the Ontario Veterinary
College, Toronto.
Private Schools. There are also a number of private educational
institutions, including, for boys, Upper Canada College, Toronto; Trinity
College School, Port Hope; Ridley College, St. Catharines; and Ashbury
College, Ottawa; and for\ girls, Bishop Strachan School, Toronto;
Havergal College, Toronto; Moulton College, Toronto; Ontario Ladies
College, Whitby; Alma College (Roman Catholic), St. Thomas; and
the Presbyterian Ladies College, Ottawa; besides convent schools in
Toronto, Ottawa, Hamilton, Brantford and London.
MANITOBA.
General Organization.- -The elementary and secondary schools of
Manitoba are under the control of a Minister of Education, who is
advised and assisted by a Deputy Minister and a Superintendent. An
advisory board, composed of twelve members, prescribes curricula,
authorizes text books, grants standing and controls examinations.
Two of the members of this board are elected by the public school
teachers of the province, one by the high school teachers, one by the
inspectors; and the rest are appointed by the Department of Education.
Two of these appointees are selected from and represent the rural
school trustees of the province.
Elementary Education. Education is free and compulsory. The
school district is the unit of administration, and the average rural
district in Manitoba comprises an area of about 16 square miles. Each
school district receives from the provincial treasury the sum of 65 cents
per teacher per day. In addition to this the municipality, which may
contain from 10 to 50 school districts, raises over its whole area a levy
known as the " general school tax," which is distributed to the various
districts on a basis of SI . 20 per teacher per day. The balance of the
budget is raised by a special tax upon the lands comprising the district.
In addition to the grant of 65 cents per day from the provincial treasury
referred to above, there may be paid from this source a further grant of
$100 if the people in the locality are unable through poverty to raise
a sufficient sum to operate their school, and an additional $100 grant
is given if the district has been formed in newly settled territory beyond
the pale of municipal organization.
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EDUCATION.
Secondary Education. The coarse of studies provides for eight
grades in the elementary school, and upon its completion the pupil
writes an examination known as the " entrance." If he passes this
he may enter one of the secondary schools. When ten or more pupils
above the entrance attend a school having two or more departments,
the school board may make application for intermediate standing. In
order to gain this they must employ a principal holding at least a first-
class professional certificate and an assistant holding at least a second-
class professional. Such a school is entitled to a special grant of $200
per annum from the Department. There are now 58 of these schools
in Manitoba, most of them employing from four to five teachers in
public and high school work, and with an average attendance of more
than 20 pupils per secondary school. In addition to these there are
30 larger secondary institutions, known as high or collegiate schools,
employing two or more teachers devoting their whole time to secondary
work, and with larger enrolment than is required for intermediate
standing. These schools receive liberal grants, determined by their
enrolment, equipment and the scope of their curriculum.
Night Schools.- -The value of the night school is becoming generally
recognized. By its aid the adult foreigner is enabled to gain a working
knowledge of the English language, young people who left school at
an early age are assisted in making good their deficiencies, and the
ambitious and energetic are enabled to gain technical qualification for
the occupations which they follow. This work was carried on in some
15 centres in the province during the past year.
Special Subjects.- -The secondary schools of Manitoba offer the
usual course leading to university matriculation and a general cultural
course for teachers. In addition to these, certain schools provide
instruction in commercial subjects and special courses in agriculture
and home economics, while the technical schools in the city of Winnipeg
give training in the various branches of household art and domestic
science, as well as in printing, electrical working, blacksmi thing, machine
shop practice, cabinet-making, pattern-making and mechanical drawing.
Training of Teachers. For the first time in many years the supply
of teachers is equal to the demand. Accordingly, steps have been taken
to raise the standard of the profession, and after July 30, 1916, no student
will be admitted to the normal school without a second-class non-
professional certificate, i.e., evidence of having successfully completed
a three-year high school course. Normal training for one year or thirty-
eight weeks, including a month s course in the Agricultural College,
will, after that date, be required of all desirous of acquiring permanent
certificates. At the present time the full normal school term is 32
weeks.
Normal Schools. There are two provincial normal schools with
permanent staffs in charge, the one situate in Winnipeg, the other in
Brandon. The Winnipeg school aims chiefly to prepare teachers for
the urban centres, while the Brandon institution gives special attention
to the rural problem. In addition to the work done in the regular
normal schools, short-term courses of 15 weeks are held in St. Boniface,
Portage la Prairie, Morden, Manitou and Dauphin. An earnest effort
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EDUCATION IN MANITOBA.
has been made to prepare teachers for communities where some other
language than English is generally spoken by the people. In order that
the teachers in these schools may gain the confidence of the parents of
their pupils, it is especially desirable that they should be conversant
with the language spoken in the locality where they are employed.
It is also essential that they have an efficient command of English.
French teachers are prepared in the school at St. Boniface, and the
Morden school is for teachers who go out to work in German com
munities. The Brandon Normal School provides both academic and
professional instruction for Ruthenian teachers, and the Poles are
trained in the Winnipeg institution.
Teachers Special Course. Erch year the Summer School of
Science and Handicrafts enables teachers desirous of strengthening
their teaching equipment to take special courses in school gardening,
nature study, wood and iron-working, domestic science and household
art.
Foreign Travel. The " Hands Across the Seas Movement,
organized under the auspices of the Department, enables teachers at
comparatively small expense to avail themselves of the advantages of
foreign travel. Already 394 teachers have taken advantage of the
opportunities afforded and have visited England, Scotland, Ireland,
France, Italy, Malta and Egypt.
Consolidated School Districts. The enlarging of the administrative
unit has been chiefly by way of consolidation, and there are now fifty-
nine consolidated districts in Manitoba. The advantages of the system
are numerous, and have been frequently recapitulated. The disad
vantages are due to difficulties arising out of the problem of trans
portation. Seven years experience in this province has shown the
scheme to be a great improvement upon the one-roomed country school.
School Gardens. A director of nature study and school gardening
devotes his time to the supervision of this work throughout the province,
and more than 400 schools were reported during the year as having
school gardens worthy of the name. A special grant of $25 per annum
is paid to every teacher who does satisfactory work along this line
and earns the recommendation of the local inspector.
Schools for the Deaf and Blind. Manitoba has a School for the
Deaf, situate near the city of Winnipeg. This institution has 103
students in attendance, of whom 54 are males and 49 females. These
pupils take up the regular work of the public school course with the
exception of algebra and geometry. The School for the Deaf lays
great stress on the value of technical training, and equips its students
so that their greater capacity for service may outweigh the natural
disability under which they labour. Each boy is taught a trade, and the
aim is to make him so proficient that he will never be without
work. This aim has so far been realized. Blind children from Manitoba
are at present cared for in the Ontario School at Brantford. There
are now four Manitoba children there. They are clothed by their
parents, and the province pays board and tuition at the rate of $150
per child for the school term.
110
EDUCATION.
Industrial Training School. The Industrial Training School at
Portage la Prairie gave instruction during the year to 255 boys. Of
these, 113 were admitted from July 1st, 1913, to June 30th, 1914,
and 108 were released during that time. These lads are those whom
their parents have been unable properly to discipline, and an opportunity
is given the boys to start work anew under more favourable auspices.
Two regularly qualified teachers give instruction in ordinary school
subjects, and instructors are provided in blacksmithing, shoemaking,
tailoring, baking, horticulture, laundering and farming. The boys are
offered every inducement to live a busy, happy life, and a short time
spent in the school frequently alters their whole viewpoint on life.
University Education. The University, situated at Winnipeg, is
the oldest university in the west. It was established in 1877, and
affiliated to it are seven colleges, three of which were already in existence
when the University was founded. These are St. Boniface, the chief
Roman Catholic college in the west, dating from the beginning of the
nineteenth century; St. John s, the Church of England college, re
organized in 1866; Manitoba College, organized by the Presbyterian
Church in 1871; the Medical College, affiliated in 1882; Wesley College,
supported by the Methodist Church, affiliated in 1888; the College of
Pharmacy, affiliated in 1902 and the Manitoba Law School, affiliated
in 1914. The University has an endowment of 150,000 acres of land.
The property is being sold in parcels from time to time, and the proceeds
are invested in trust. The income, which is largely supplemented by
grants from the provincial government, enables the University to provide
higher education at moderate cost. Instruction is given in arts, divinity,
medicine, law, the various branches of engineering, and also in pharmacy.
Extension work is carried on throughout the province, and lecturers
from the University give courses in their various subjects. This work
has proved very popular in the past, and steps are being taken to enlarge
its scope. There are 830 students now in the University taking work
in arts and engineering. The medical students have ample oppor
tunities for practical work in the hospitals and laboratories of
Winnipeg. The course in medicine extends over five years.
Agricultural Education.- -The courses given in agriculture in several
of the high schools have already been mentioned, but the institution
which has the work of agricultural education chiefly in hand is the
Manitoba Agricultural College. This institution, which was opened at
Winnipeg in 1906, has been moved to the new buildings on the banks
of the Red River. The work of the college falls into three divisions-
agriculture proper, home economics and extension work. There are two
courses in agriculture the diploma course, extending over three winters
of five months each, and the degree course, extending over five years.
The diploma course is designed to meet the requirements of the lad
who will in due course work on a farm. To enter, he must be over
sixteen years of age, have spent at least two summers on a farm doing
practical work, and have a sufficiently good English education to derive
benefit from the lectures. Students who have obtained a diploma at
the end of the three years course may proceed to study for the B.S.A.
-degree. This course is meant for those who will take up the higher
Ill
EDUCATION IN MANITOBA.
branches of agriculture, or who desire to investigate certain agricultural
problems, or become teachers, lecturers, superintendents or inspectors.
In addition there are house-keeping courses for young women;
lecturers are sent out from the college to address agricultural societies
and farmers institutes, to act as judges at shows and to organize farm
and seed competitions. Special short winter courses for farmers are
also given at the college.
SASKATCHEWAN.
Elementary Schools. The educational system of the province of
Saskatchewan, so far as elementary schools are concerned, is administered
under the provisions of the School Act. A Department of Education,
presided over by a Minister of Education, has the control, management
and equipment of all kindergarten schools^ public and separate schools ,
normal schools, model schools, teachers institutes and of institutions
for the education of deaf, deaf mute and blind persons. An Educational
Council, consisting of five members appointed by the Lieutenant-
Governor, holds sessions at least once a year, and all general regula
tions respecting the inspection of schools, the examination, training,
licensing and grading of teachers courses of study, teachers institutes,,
and text and reference books, before being adopted or amended,
are referred to the Council for consideration and report.
Regulations made by the Minister, subject to the approval of the
Lieutenant-Governor in Council, provide: (a) for the classification,,
organization, government, examination and inspection of schools;
(b) for the construction, furnishing and care of school buildings and
the arrangement of school premises; (c) for the examination, licensing
and grading of teachers and for the examination of persons who may
desire to enter professions, or who may wish certificates of having
completed courses of study in any school; (d) for a teachers reading
course and teachers institutes and conventions; (e) for giving instruc
tion in manual training, domestic science and physical training.
A Superintendent of Education has the general supervision and
direction of high schools and collegiate institutes, model schools, public
and separate schools, training schools for teachers, the granting of
teachers certificates, technical schools, departmental examinations,
teachers institutes, teachers reading courses, school libraries and the
inspectors of any such schools.
Secondary Schools.- -The secondary schools of Saskatchewan are
administered under the provisions of the Secondary Education Act,
which provides for the establishment of high school districts within the
limits of town and city municipalities. The conditions of establishment
are that-
1. At the time of the receipt of the petition for such establishment there are-
at least five teachers regularly employed in the schools situated within the
municipality and organized under the provisions of The School Act.
2. Within a period of two years prior to the receipt of such petition no other
high school district has been established within a distance of forty miles from
the municipalities as measured by the nearest road allowance.
3. It is shown to the satisfaction of the Minister that if the district is estab
lished there will be in attendance at the high school at least twenty-five pupils,
above Grade VIII.
112
EDUCATION.
Any high school in the province may be raised to the rank of a
collegiate institute on the following conditions :
1. That the average attendance of pupils above Grade VIII attending the
high school for the two terms next preceding the date of application was at least
seventy-five, and that daring such terms at least four duly qualified teachers were
regularly employed,
2. That the board has provided or is prepared to provide within one year
accommodation suitable for the pupils and staff of a collegiate institute satis
factory to the Minister.
3. That all regulations of the Department with respect to collegiate insti
tutes have been complied with.
School Grants. Elementary schools are supported partly by grants
from the municipalities concerned, and partly from grants paid in
accordance with the School Grants Act. Grants to high schools are
paid partly by the municipalities concerned and partly by the govern
ment, and are payable on the conditions prescribed by the Secondary
Education Act. As a further source of revenue to both public
and high schools grants are paid from the supplementary revenue
in accordance with the provisions of the Supplementary Revenue Act.
Formation of School Districts. The School Act for Saskatchewan
provides for the establishment of schools wherever necessary, and any
portion of the province with an area not exceeding 20 square miles
may be organized into a school district, provided there are residing therein
ten children of school age, and four persons, each of whom on its organiza
tion is liable to be assessed for school purposes. These schools are
under the control of local bodies of trustees chosen on a popular vote.
The appointment of teachers is in the hands of the trustees, and the
central authority (the Education Department of the Province) issues
the certificates of qualification.
Professional Training of Teachers. There are two normal schools
for the professional training of teachers. They are located at Regina and
Saskatoon. In addition, local sessions of the normal school for the train
ing Of teachers for elementary schools are held during the winter months
at -several points in the province and are conducted by the inspectors
of schools. Normal school training is considered of supreme importance,
and permanent certificates are issued only to those who have received
professional training in the training schools of the province or upon
satisfactory evidence of equivalent training elsewhere. A reading
course for teachers is regarded as part of the professional training, and
permanent certificates are not issued until the regulations governing
the course are complied with.
Higher Education. A Saskatchewan University has been estab
lished under the provisions of the University Act, 1907 (Saskatche
wan R. S. 1909, c. 98). The University, with which is associated a
College of Agriculture, is situated at Saskatoon upon a site of 1,333
acres, and has been furnished with buildings and equipment costing
over a million dollars.
113
EDUCATION IN ALBERTA.
ALBERTA.
General Organization. There is a Department of Education
presided over by a Minister of Education who is assisted by a Deputy
Minister as permanent administrative head.
Elementary Schools. The administrative unit of the education
system of Alberta is the school district. A district usually includes
an area of approximately four miles square, and may be organized on
the initiative of the ratepayers as soon as the area proposed to be
formed into a district contains eight resident children of school age
and four resident ratepayers. Should the indifference or opposition of
the settlers prevent the organization of a school district, the Minister
of Education is vested with power to establish such a district without
regard to the attitude of the ratepayers, and should the indifference in
any community, or any other cause, result in the failure of the board
of trustees to administer satisfactorily the affairs of the district, the
Minister may appoint an official trustee to perform, under the school
laws and regulations, all the functions of a school board. There is
also provision whereby the minority, either Protestant or Roman
Catholic, in a school district may establish a separate school district,
which, however, is subject to the same laws and regulations with
respect to teachers 7 qualifications, courses of studies, inspection, grants,
etc., as a public school district.
Town Schools. In the case of a school district in which is situated
a city or a town the municipal council is responsible for the assessment
and also for the levying thereon and the collection of the amount of taxes
requisitioned by the board of trustees of the school district. Similarly,
the council of a rural municipality is entrusted with the collection of
taxes for each of the school districts within the limits of the municipality,
while in the case of a village school district these duties and responsi
bilities rest with the school board and its officials.
Financial Arrangements. Schoolhouses are usually built from the
proceeds of school debentures. Such debentures must first be authorized
by the Department, and when issued must be registered and counter
signed at the Department before they are marketable. In order to
secure the best possible price for school debentures, statutory provision
is now made whereby the Department of Education may negotiate the
sale of debentures in behalf of school districts, and by offering a compara
tively large block composed of the debentures issued by several districts,
a market may be tapped which would not be open to individual school
boards.
Sources of Revenue. The revenue of a school district, which is
required to meet debenture payments, teachers and officials salaries,
supplies, fuel, insurance, and other current expenditures, is derived
from two sources government grants and local taxation. The grants
are paid on the basis of the number of days during which the school is
in operation, and the scale of grants is so arranged that the newly
organized district receives a larger grant than the older district, and
as a community grows into a populous centre it is gradually thrown
more and more upon its own resources so far as school grants are con
cerned. On the other hand, provision is made for grants for supervisors,
114
EDUCATION.
and for instructors in special subjects, such as manual training, house
hold science, music, art, agriculture, etc., which compensates the
progressive town or city school board in a large measure for the lowering
of the grant payable in the larger centre.
Secondary Education. In the development of the system of educa
tion in the province there has been a constant purpose so to arrange
the school grants as to provide for an almost imperceptible transition
from the elementary to the secondary grades, as well as from the second
ary grades to the university. To further this purpose and to guard
against any divided interests with respect to elementary and secondary
education, the plan that has been adhered to from the beginning is that of
having all schools in a school district, whether elementary or secondary,
administered under the same local school board. Thus there are technic
ally no high schools in the province, though the schools giving instruction
in Grades I -VIII inclusive are commonly spoken of as public schools,
and those giving instruction in Grades IX-XII inclusive as high schools.
Upon completing the work of Grade XI, that is, the third year of the
secondary or high school course, a candidate may enter on the first
year of his university course, or, upon completing the work of Grade
XII, he may enter upon the second year of the university course.
Training of Teachers. Every person employed as a teacher by a
school board must hold a certificate of qualification from the Department
of Education. The qualifications consist of two parts academic and
professional. The academic qualification required for first class teachers
is the Grade XII Alberta Diploma, or other standing admitted by the
Department to be at least equivalent thereto. The academic qualifica
tion for second class teachers is the Grade XI Alberta Diploma, or its
equivalent. Alberta students with the requisite academic standing, as
described above, are admitted to one of the provincial normal schools
to train for first or second class certificates according to the academic
standing of the candidate. Teachers from the other provinces of Canada,
from the United Kingdom or elsewhere, may be granted such standing
as the Department finds them entitled to receive. Should the applicant
be found to possess the requisite standing, both academic and profes
sional, no further examination is demanded, but should he possess the
academic without the professional training required, he is admitted to
one of the normal schools to train for the grade of certificate which
his academic standing will warrant. Every teacher obtaining pro
fessional standing in the province is granted an interim certificate, and
is required to prove his ability in the schoolroom for at least one year
before receiving a permanent certificate.
Higher Education. An University for the province has been estab
lished at Edmonton under the provisions of the University Act (1 Geo.
V., 1910, c. 7). Various colleges and professional societies in the
province are affiliated to the University.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
General Organization. The members of the Executive Council
constitute a Council of Public Instruction, and the Provincial Secretary
acts also as Minister of Education. A Superintendent of Education
has, subject to the Council of Public Instruction, the supervision and
direction of the inspectors and schools.
115
EDUCATION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Elementary Education.- -The public or common schools of the
province are organized in accordance with the provisions of the Public
Schools Act, which prescribes in considerable detail the powers of the
Council of Public Instruction, the duties of the Superintendent of Educa
tion, of the school inspectors and of the teachers. It is provided that
all public education shall be free, and that it shall be secular in the
sense that there shall be no religious education, although the highest
morality must be inculcated. Education is compulsory upon all
children between the ages of 7 and 14, provided that there is a
school within a reasonable distance of the child s home. For education
purposes the province is divided into municipal and rural school
districts, and the schools are of three classes, viz., municipality schools,
rural schools and assisted schools. The municipality schools are sub
divided into four classes, according to the average actual daily attendance
of pupils, the government grant varying according to the class. Assisted
schools are those established in outlying districts by sums granted
specially by the provincial government. The local management of the
schools is in the hands of trustees elected by the ratepayers, the number
varying according to the classification adopted by the Act and as
prescribed therein. The schools are supported partly from the provincial
treasury and partly by the sums raised by the district assessments.
In the common schools there are three grades : the junior, the inter
mediate and the higher.
Secondary Education.- -The term "common school " is used to distin
guish the elementary from the superior or high school. Wherever there
are ten pupils qualified and available for entrance to high school studies
a superior school may be formed in connection with the existing common
school. The subjects of the junior high school course may be taught
in the superior school. Wherever 20 or more pupils are qualified and
available for high-school studies a high school is established. The.
high school course is divided as follows : the preliminary course, junior
grade; the advanced course, junior grade; the intermediate grade; the
senior grade and the senior academic grade. There is also a commercial
course covering two years of school life. Except in the case of the com
mon schools the passage from one grade to another is determined by an
examination conducted by the Education Department. In June each
year an entrance examination for admission to the high schools is
conducted, and no pupil may enter a high school who does not possess
the entrance certificate. There are normal schools for the training of
teachers at Vancouver and at Victoria.
Higher Education. At the present time and for the past ten years
the interests of higher education in the province are and have been served
by the McGill University College of British Columbia, an institution with
two branches, one at Vancouver and the other at Victoria, and both
affiliated to the McGill University at Montreal. In the Vancouver
branch, the first, second and third years in Arts are carried on, as well
as the first and second years in Applied Science, while in Victoria
the first and second years in Arts only are provided for. The examina
tions are the same as those of the parent institution in Montreal. It
is expected that the McGill University College of British Columbia
116
EDUCATION.
will cease to exist when the University of British Columbia opens its
doors, as it is expected to do, in the autumn of 1915. The new University
is endowed with a grant of 2,000,000 acres of the Crown Lands of the
province, and the Government has also undertaken to erect the necessary
buildings in connection with the Arts, Science, Applied Science and
Forestry Departments.
YUKON TERRITORY.
A Superintendent of Schools for the Yukon Territory was appointed
in 1902, when a general system of education was inaugurated. The
course of study is similar to that adopted in Saskatchewan and Alberta.
No teachers are employed unless they hold at least a second class
certificate, with normal school training. A high school branch of the
Dawson Public School was instituted in 1903. There are two teachers
in charge of this branch, one a specialist in classics, modern languages
and history, the other a specialist in mathematics and science. In
the high grades of the Dawson High School the course of study pre
scribed by the University of Toronto for pass and honour matriculation
is followed, and candidates are prepared for university matriculation.
There are eight rooms in the Dawson High School, three of which are
devoted to high school purposes and one to the kindergarten. In
certain districts, where the number of children does not warrant the
establishment of a regular school under the provisions of the school
ordinance, regulations have been made by the Commissioner for the
establishment of "assisted schools," but the average attendance must
be at least five pupils between the ages of six and sixteen, and the
course of studies must be prescribed by the Council of Public
Instruction. Teachers of " assisted schools " are also appointed, subject
to the approval of the Commissioner and Superintendent of Schools.
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
There being at present no effective co-ordination of education
statistics it is difficult to construct comparative tables for Canada.
In the first place, the year to which the statistics relate differs according
to province. Thus the school year ended June 30 is adopted for statis
tical purposes by New Brunswick, Quebec, Manitoba and British
Columbia; the education year for Nova Scotia ends on July 31 ; and the
calendar year ended December 31 is selected by Prince Edward Island,
Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta. In the tables numbered 3 to 7
an attempt is, however, made to bring together by provinces (1) the
number of elementary schools, teachers and pupils, with the average
attendance of the pupils; (2) the number of teachers and pupils in normal
and model schools for the training of teachers ; (3) statistics of secondary
schools so far as they are separately given and (4) the amount of public
expenditure for education under the school law of each province.
In Table 3 the number of schools, teachers and pupils in the three
Maritime provinces (Prince Edw ard Island, Nova Scotia and New Bruns
wick) includes both elementaryand secondary schools or grades ; in Nova
Scotia the term " school has a technical signification, being applied
to a class with one teacher, irrespective of the number of classes in a
school building. In Quebec and Ontario the statistics in Table 3 apply
117
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
only to elementary schools; but again in the Northwest provinces and
in British Columbia no line is drawn between the elementary and
secondary grades. In Manitoba the sex of the pupils is not separately
distinguished. Statistics of secondary education are only separately
available for Quebec and Ontario. They are given in Tables 5 and 6.
The model schools of Quebec are generally similar to the collegiate
institutes and high schools in Ontario, except that the higher grades of
the Quebec model schools do not prepare students for university ma
triculation, who enter from the academies.
Probably the most remarkable feature of these statistics is the
extraordinary growth during the present century of the expenditure
upon public education. In 1901, the first year of the century, the
total expenditure for the purposes of public education in Canada was
$11,589,410; in 1913, the latest year for which complete figures for all
the provinces are available, it was $49,246,370, an increase of
$37,656,960, or 325 p.c.
3. Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (Year ended December 31).
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
attendance
of pupils.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
No.
Per
cent.
1901
474
474
480
480
475
478
479
476
479
478
478
474
475
474
299
293
274
268
246
246
227
205
200
188
178
162
161
162
290
295
298
294
324
327
345
375
395
403
413
428
422
426
589
588
572
562
570
573
572
580
595
591
591
590
583
588
11,319
11,271
10,845
10,259
10,427
10,196
10,213
9,449
9,578
9,573
9,152
8,995
9,186
9,514
9,460
9,532
9,111
8,772
8,845
8,790
8,823
8,563
8,495
8,359
8,245
8,083
8,369
8,555
20,779
20,803
19,956
19,031
19,272
18,986
19,036
18,012
18,073
17,932
17,397
17,078
17,555
18,069
12,330
12,884
12,112
11,722
11,627
11,903
11,543
11,647
11,543
11,632
10,511
10,916
11,003
11,170
59.34
61.93
60.69
61.59
60.33
62.69
60.63
64.66
63.86
64.86
60.40
63.91
62.67
61.81
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
NOVA SCOTIA (Year ended July 31).
1901
2,387
540
1,952 2,492
49,768
48,642
98,410
53,643
54.5
1902
2,394
485
2,007 2,492
50,247
48,812
99,059
55,438
55.9
1903
1904
1905
2,395
2,331
2,429
441
388
386
2,053 2,494
2,053 2,441
2,180 2,566
49,789
48,536
50,465
48,979
48,350
49,787
98,768
96,886
100,252
55,213
54,000
56,342
55.9
55.8
56.3
1906
2,446
366
2,212 2,578
50,198
50,134
100,332
59,165
58.9
1907
2,465
354
2,272 2,626
49,849
50,158
100,007
57,174
57.1
1908
1909
1910
2,516
2,577
2,579
355
352
339
2,309 2,664
2,342 2,694
2,384 2,723
49,906
50,758
50,918
50,199
50,922
51,117
100,105
101,680
102,035
58,344
61,788
65,630
58.2
60.7
64.3
1911
2,639
331
2,468 2,799
50,985
51,925
102,910
61,250
59.5
1912
2,662
293
2,511 2,804
51,498
52,486
103,984
63,640
61.2
1913
2,692
278
2,583 2,861
52,105
53,164
105, 26P
65,686
62.4
1914....
2,724
272
2,620 2,892
52,656
53,695
106,351
66,599
62.6
118
EDUCATION.
3. Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces,
1901-1914 con.
NEW BRUNSWICK (Year ended June 30).
(For second term ended June 30) .
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
attendance
of pupils.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
No.
Per
cent.
1901
1,741
1,736
1,726
1,722
1,750
1,762
1,766
1,767
1,854
1,860
1,885
1,906
1,897
1.922
353
348
341
313
304
302
253
259
251
233
221
201
193
201
1,488
1,477
1,474
1,503
1,562
1,577
1,621
1,602
1,691
1,741
1,754
1,811
1,809
1.831
1,841
1,825
1,815
1,816
1,866
1,879
1,874
1,861
1,942
1,974
1,975
2,012
2,002
2.032
30,870
30,767
30,172
29,892
30,854
30,913
30,289
30,600
31,489
31,933
31,871
32,062
31,924
32.244
29,550
29,710
29,141
28,867
29,546
29,768
29,262
29,795
30,448
31,061
31,202
31,502
31,656
32.066
60,420
60,477
59,313
58,759
60,400
60,681
59,551
60,395
61,937
62,994;
63,073
63,564
63,580
64.310
37,717
38,736
37,552
36,920
35,675
37,540
35.367
36,972
38,731
39,822
39,215
40,612
41,276
40.889
58.34
59.62
58.79
58.50
59.60
61.86
59.38
61.22
62.53
63.21
62.17
63.89
64.91
63 57
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914.
QUEBEC (Year ended June 30).
1901.
1902.
1903,
1904.
1905.
1906,
1907,
1908,
1909,
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
5,245
5,
5,
,298
,379
5,461
5,517
5,573
592
594
,648
5,720
,905
,789
5,827
185
127
196
114
128
150
160
183
169
172
203
207
213
5,911
5,935
6,105
6,248
6,334
6,423
6,479
6,485
6,601
6,72-9
6,931
7,001j
7,182
6,096
6,062
6,301
6,362
6,462
6,573
6,639
6,668
6,770
6,901
7,134
7,208
7,395
99,440
100,332
101,532
100,456
101,777
102,358
101,981
102,556
106,011
106,862
111,458
111,887
129,052
101,684
102,634
103,525
105,681
107,936
108,044
107,899
107,987
110,781
112,052
114,980
117.347
105,208
201,124
202,966,
205,057
206,137
209,713
210,402
209,880
210,543
216,792
218,914
226,438
229,234
234,260
138,78769.01
140,005:68.98
143,044J69.76
145,063
151,156
70.37
T2.C8
154,02273.20
152,76472.79
153,16272.75
160,09673.85
162,92874.42
167,16873.82
171,81674.95
176,43875.32
ONTARIO (Year ended December 31).
1901 .
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
6,035
6,062
6,146
6,177
6,221
6,240
6,268
6,334
6,380
6,408
6,416
6,452,
6,484
6.548;
2,437
2,294
2,160
2,075
950
863
783
842
747
696
1,499
1,511
1.600
1,628
6,784!
7,073|
7,2961
7,479|
7,699!
7,899j
8,110
8,243
8,527|
8,822j
9,043
9.246
9,575
9,918
9,221
9,367
9,456
9,554
9,649
9,762
9,893
10,085
10,274
10,518
10,542
10,757
11,175
11,546
236,482
232,880
230,630
227,596
229,026
230,236
229,794
233,301
234,876
235,131
236,147
239,187
245,436
252,202
222,124
221,208
219,648
217,025
217,468
218,756
218,424
219,920
221,426
224.014
223,801
227,835
234,8071
241,636
458,606
454.088!
450,278}
444.621 i
446,494;
448,992
448,218
453, 221 1
456,302
459,145
459,948
. 467,022
480,243
493,838
262,010
57.00
261.480
57.58
260,268
57.80
257,085
57.82
264,107
59.15
267,252
59.52
266,503
59.45
272,190
60.05
274,561
60.17
279,358
60.84
281,984
61.30
291,21062.35
305,64063.64
319,337)64.66
119
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
3._Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces,
1901-1914 con.
MANITOBA (Year ended June 30).
NOTE. The Manitoba school year from 1901 to 1911 ended December 31st. Owing to a change
in the date of the school year no report was issued for 1912.
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils Enrolled.
Average
Attendance
of pupils.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
No.
Pei-
cent.
1901
1,416
1,488
1,584
1,669
1,761
1,847
1,943
2,014
2,105
2,227
2,341
2,430
2,688
618
629
628
682
597
596
595
598
637
621
651
500
474
1,051
1,220
1,466
1,536
1,675
1,769
1,885
1,928
2,025
2,153
2,217
2,464
2,390
1,669
1,849
2,094
2,218
2,272
2,365
2,480
2,526
2,662
2,774
2,868
2,964
2,864
-
-
51,888
54,056
57,409
58,574
63,287
64,123
67,144
71,031
73,044
76,247
80,848
83,679
93,954
27,550
28,306
36,479
31,326
33,794
34,947
37,279
40,691
41,405
43,885
45,303
48,163
59,778
53.1
52.4
63.5
53.4
53.4
54.5
55.5
57.3
56.7
57.6
56.0
57.3
63.6
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1913
1914
SASKATCHEWAN (Year ended December 31).
1906
873
563
733
1,296
16,376
14,899
31,275
15,77050.31
1907
1908
1,101
1,410
:
1,470
2,157
19,454
24,773
18,168
22,313
37,622
47,086
19,84152.48
26,08155.00
1909
1,692
959
1,335
2,294
28,426
25,543
53,969
28,20252.25
1910
1,912
1,074
1,598
2,672
33,356
30,608
63,964
33,73152.80
1911
2,110
1,316
2,175
3,491
36,926
33,641
70,567
37,70153.00
1912
2,444
1,245
2,122
3,367
41,495
38,387
79,882
48,28260.31
1913
2,747
1,435
2,824
4,259
51,651
47,458
99,109
54,68455.10
1914
2,966
1,732
3,408
5,140
62,661
56,266
118,927
ALBERTA (Year ended December 31).
1906..
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
570
694
851
970
1,195
1,392
1,600
1,705
2,027
280
318
435
570
716
867
956
980
1,375
644
892
1,033
1,245
1,501
1,784
2,098
2,314
2,603
924
1,210
1,468
1,815
2,217
2,651
3,054
3,294
3,978
14,701
17,707
19,516
23,701
28,406
31,753
36,717
41,449
46,769
14,083
16,631
20,137
22,347
26,901
29,907
34,327
38,460
43,141
28,784
34,338
39,653
46,048
55,307
61,660
71,044
79,909
89,910
14,78251.00
17,31054.00
18,92348.00
22,22548.24
29,61153.54
32,55652.08
39,22655.21
45,88857.41
54,582160.71
120
EDUCATION
3. Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces,
1901-1914 concluded.
BRITISH COLUMBIA (Year ended June 30).
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
Attendance
of pupils.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
No.
Per
cent.
1901.
1902
1903 . . .
313
330
338
339
348
361
376
399
429
476
510
550
614
682
185
194
189
182
177
176
163
181
213
231
249
256
307
394
343
355
391
413
452
477
530
576
628
727
843
1,004
1,179
1,339
528
549
580
595
629
653
693
757
841
958
1,092
1,260
1,486
1,733
11,854
11,941
12,243
12,949
13,671
14,051
14,815
16,498
17,770
19,432
22,222
24,761
28,312
30,476
11,177
11,176
11,400
11,857
12,593
13,235
13,869
15,255
16,519
18,197
20,735
23,056
26,392
28,474
23,031
23,117
23,643
24,806
26,264
27,286
28,684
31,753
34,289
37,629
42,957
47,817
54,704
58,950
14,962
15,244
16,000
16,386
18,037
18,886
19,483
22,349
24,221
26,874
30,984
35,739
40,963
46,555
64.96
65.94
67.67
66.06
68.67
69.21
69.18
70.38
70.64
7 .42
72.13
74.74
74.88
78.97
1904
1905
1908 . . .
1907
1908
1909 ....
1910... .
1911
1912
1913
1914
SUMMARY FOR CANADA (1901 to 1913).
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
17,611
17,782
18,048
18,179
18,501
20,150
20,684
21,361
22,134
22,855
23,676
21,877
24,871
4,617
4,370
4,229
4,022
3,788
4,542
3,853
4,058
5,098
5,270
5,515
4,831
5,667
17,819
18,362
19,083
19,526
20,226
22,081
22,134
22,551
24,789
26,058
27,628
26,221
30,352
22,436
22,732
23,312
23,548
24,014
26,603
27,457
28,676
29,887
31,328
33,143
31,052
36,019
439,73
437,438
435,211
429,688
436,220
469,029
474,102
486,599
502.609
515,611
530,514
546,602
589,115
422,637
423,072,
421,804
420,552
426,175
457J09\
463,284
474,169
486,4811
502,309
514,436
533,028
545,514
914,258
914,566
914,424
908,814;
925,682!
990,861;
1,001480;
1,031,799
1,062,134
1,094,167
1,125,798
1,079,625
1,218,308
546,99959.83
552,09360.37
560,66861.31
552,50260.79
570,73861.66
614,267
617,26461.45
640,359
662,77262.40
693,471
706,67262.77
701,441
789,741
61.99
62.06
63.38
64.97
64.82
NOTE. From 1901 to 1905, inclusive, the Summary for Canada comprises the seven provinces of
Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia.
The two provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta were formed in 1905, and from 1906 to 1912 all the nino
provinces are included, with the exception of Manitoba for 1912, when no Education Report was issued by
that province. In 1907 and 1908 the sex of the teachers in Saskatchewan was not given, and in Manitoba
the sex of the pupils was not given for any of tb.3 years. In thj Summary, therefore, these defects
are indicated by printing the totals in italics.
121
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
4. Normal and Model Schools in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario
and Manitoba, 1901-1914.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Number of Pupils in the Provincial Normal College.
Year.
No. of
Pupils.
Year.
No. of
Pupils.
Year.
No. of
Pupils.
Year.
No. of
Pupils.
1901.
240
1905
148
1909
215
1912
293
1902
182
1906
154
1910
260
1913
302
1903
145
1907
142
1911
268
1914
318
1904
191
1908
161
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Number of Teachers and Pupils in the Normal School and Model Department.
Year.
Teachers
Pupils in Normal School.
Pupils in Model Depart
ment.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
1901
11
14
16
19
16
18
18
18
15
16
16
18
16
41
68
35
35
54
44
45
35
53
63
46
46
53
45
155
201
189
253
231
263
315
299
290
295
324
330
305
312
196
269
224
288
285
307
360
334
343
358
370
376
358
357
81
72
73
74
86
85
74
90
93
91
88
91
92
88
Ill
118
104
102
104
95
91
92
94
100
99
100
98
99
192
190
177
176
190
180
165
182
187
191
187
191
190
187
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913.
1914
QUEBEC.
Number of Teachers and Pupils in Normal Schools, and Schools annexed to
Normal Schools.
NORMAL SCHOOLS, 1901-1913.
Year.
Schools.
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Aver
age
atten
dance.
Per
cent.
Male.
Fe
male.
Total
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
1901.
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
10
11
11
11
13
31
31
31
30
32
35
34
39
58
53
50
43
50
27
30
30
31
30
27
38
27
59
75
79
77
86
58
61
61
61
62
62
72
66
117
128
129
120
136
97
130
138
151
142
143
159
165
182
177
174
160
175
256
290
322
241
274
280
308
361
533
610
666
676
913
353
420
460
392
416
423
467
526
715
787
840
836
1,088
345
415
455
388
410
420
462
524
710
780
835
97.73
98.81
98.91
98.98
98.56
99.29
98.93
99.62
99.30
99.11
99.40
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
122
EDUCATION.
4. Normal and Model Schools in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario
and Manitoba, 1901-1914 con.
QUEBEC concluded.
Number of Teachers and Pupils in Normal Schools, and Schools annexed to Normal
Schools concluded.
SCHOOLS ANNEXED TO NORMAL SCHOOLS, 1901-1912.
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
attend
ance.
Per
cent.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
1901
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
9
11
11
11
7
6
7
7
8
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
24
24
25
24
24
27
28
23
31
38
40
44
31
30
32
31
32
34
35
30
38
45
48
52
404
343
404
460
464
422
425
236
257
279
290
215
604
594
584
615
541
542
578
463
739
967
979
1,203
1,008
937
988
1,075
1,005
964
1,003
699
996
1,246
1,269
1,418
769
694
747
837
764
874
820
553
741
954
1,044
76.29
74.06
75.61
77.86
76.02
90.66
81.75
79.11
74.40
76.56
82.27
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
ONTARIO.
Number of Teachers, Students and Pupils in Provincial Normal and Normal
Model Schools.
Provincia
1 Normal.
Normal
Model.
Year.
Teachers.
Students.
Teachers. 1
Pupils. 1
1901
No.
14
No.
613
No.
28
No.
921
1902
16
619
31
958
1903
25
586
36
1,067
1904
25
304
36
982
1905
27
306
36
1,023
1906
27
345
36
990
1907 .
35
428
38
979
1908
62
1,149
37
925
1909
68
1,163
37
903
1910
68
1,198
38
952
1911
69
1,034
38
916
1912
69
969
38
914
1913
70
. 1,186
38
959
1914 .
71
1,135
38
978
Includes Kindergarten.
123
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
4. Normal and Model Schools in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario
and Manitoba, 1901-1914 concluded.
MANITOBA.
Number of Teachers and Students in Normal Schools.
Year.
Tea hers.
Students at
Year.
Teachers.
Students at
Pro
vin
cial
Normal.
Local
Normal.
Long
Sessions
Short
Sessions.
Pro
vin
cial
Normal.
Local
Normal.
Long
Sessions.
Short
Sessions.
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
7
7
7
7
8
6
5
13
14
14
14
18
14
11
90
86
82
129
171
148
128
161
234
237
261
320
328
272
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
5
5
5
6
School
6
10
10
10
10
11
year
11
. 10
131
136
122
126
changed
139
180
279
312
381
502
390
401
NOTE. The above figures are also included with the public schools in Table 3 .
5. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Model Schools, Academies and Roman
Catholic Classical Colleges in Quebec, 1901-1913.
MODEL SCHOOLS.
Year.
Schools
Teachers.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
attend
ance.
Per
cent.
Male.
Female
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
1901
557
568
555
572
587
598
627
640
660
661
671
683
698
655
612
618
673
690
709
753
767
750
801
851
913
912
1,800
1,923
1,805
1,824
1,876
1,907
2,045
2,147
2,216
2,187
2,335
2,314
2.34;
2,455
2,535
2,423
2,497
2,566
2,616
2,798
2,914
2,966
2,988
3,186
3,227
3.257
39,260
39,816
40,587
43,055
44,120
46,227
47,307
48,831
50,064
51,165
53,175
55,108
56.109
41,979
42,286
41,205
41,712
41,654
42,611
45,609
48,201
48,574
49,327
53,211
52,667
53.544
81,239
82,102
81,792
84,767
85,774
88,838
92,916
97,032
98,638
100,492
106,386
107,775
109,653
65,872
66,109
66,327
68,349
69,640
72,732
75,433
79,226
81,038
82,514
86,758
88,301
89.777
81.09
80.52
81.10
80.63
81.19
81.87
81.18
81.65
82.16
82.11
81.55
81.93
81.88
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909. .
1910
1911
1912
1913.
ACADEMIES.
1901
168
428
1,213
1,641 15,101 17,417 32,518 27,596 84.87
1902
166
497
1,225
1,722 16,156 20,064 36,220 30,810 85.12
1903
178
513
1,316
1,829 16,868 22,466 39,334 33,752 85.81
1904
179
517
1,361
1,878 16,503 22,259 38,762 32,907 84.90
1905
184
523
1,397
1,920 17,085 23,196 40,281 34,624 85.96
1906
193
566
1,449
2,015 18,382 24,186 42,568 36,357 85.41
1907
198
607
1,526
2,133 20,905 23,913 44,818 38,313 85.49
1908
201
632
1,560
2,192 20,084 25,285 45,369 38,631 85.15
1909
217
686
1,709
2,395 23,071 28,511 51,582 44,595 86.45
1910.
236
735
1,756
2,491 24,404 30,737 55,141 47,953 86.31
1911
223
734
1,838
2,572 24,483 31,816 56,299 47,752 84.82
1912
248
758
2,017
2,775 26,268 36,759 63,027 54,403 86.31
1913.
273
827
2,122
2.949 28.078 39.793 67.871 58.232 55.79
124
EDUCATION.
5. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Model Schools, Academies and Roman
Catholic Classical Colleges in Quebec, 1901-1913 concluded.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CLASSICAL COLLEGES.
Number of
Average
Number of
Average
Year.
Attend
Year.
attend-
Col
Profes-
Pupils
ance.
Col
Profes
Pupils ance.
leges, sors.
enrolled.
leges.
sors.
enrolled.
1901 . . .
19
549
5,915
5,468
1908...
19
624
6,274
5,709
1902. . . .
19 562
6,096
5,698
1909....
18
609
6,397 5,872
1903....
19
559
6,174
5,694
1910....
19
642
6,599
6,053
1904....
19
590
6,265
5,758
1911....
19
642
7,140 6,521
1905....
19
621
6,269
5,772
1912....
21
662
7,818
7,280
1906....
19 621
6,318
5,895
1913....
21
687
8,189
7,677
1907 ....
19
624
6,268
5,796
6. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Collegiate Institutes and High Schools
in Ontario, 1901-1914.
Year.
Schools.
No.
Teachers
No.
Pupils enrolled.
Average
attend
ance.
Per
cent.
Boys.
No.
Girls.
No.
Total.
No.
1901
131
134
135
138
140
142
143
145
145
145
148
148
161
160
579
593
619
661
689
719
750
795
820
853
898
917
970
1,023
10 ; 869
11,629
11,988
12,718
13,035
13,336
13,799
14,731
15,776
15,196
14,679
14,846
15,489
17.001
11,654
12,843
13,734
14,991
15,626
16,056
16,532
17,181
17,325
17,416
17,548
17,427
18,257
19.465
22,523
24,472
25,722
27,709
28,661
29,392
30,331
31,912
33,101
32,612
32,227
32,273
33,746
36.466
13,224
14,430
15,317
16,730
17,567
18,078
18,485
19,862
20,791
20,389
20,177
20,268
21,448
23.360
58.71
58.97
59.55
60.38
61.29
61.50
60.94
62.23
62.81
62.52
62.60
62.80
63.55
64.06
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914.
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Year.
Govern
ment
Grant.
Local
Assess
ment.
Total.
Year.
Govern
ment
Grant.
Local
Assess
ment.
Total.
1901
$
128,288
$
36,647
$
164,935
1908 . . .
$
127,092
$
49,874
$
176,966
1902
127,495
38 827
166 322
1909
129 179
54,027
183,206
1903
123,919
42 698
165 617
1910
127 648
53,924
181,572
1904
121,696
47,069
168,765
1911 . .
126,438
54,738
181,176
1905
122,897
45,695
168 592
19122
179 956
81,685
261,641
1906i
91,746
34,963
126,709
1913
150,732
56,874
207,606
1907..
123.898
46.429
170.327
1914.
156.503
61.490
217.993
months. 2 Eightean months.
125
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914. con.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Year.
Govern
ment
Grant.
Munici
pal
Funds.
Local
Assess
ment.
Total.
1901
$
254 778
$
119 876
$
470 108
$
844 762
1902
257,615
117 376
538 850
913 841
1903
263 092
121 016
552 350
936 458
1904
268 904
146 382
569 745
985 031
1905
271 657
146 430
576 560
994 647
1906
270 926
147 089
655 705
1 073 720
1907.
277,415
146 959
616 431
1 040 805
1908.
305,612
147 130
666 590
1 119 332
1909
307,990
147 400
711 428
1 166 818
1910
317,499
146,936
761 014
1 225 449
1911
324,728
146,822
804 125
1,275 675
1912
328 107
147 170
859 284
1 334 561
1913
337,888
156,864
944,992
1,439,744
1914.
342.132
164.980
1.002.967
1.510.079
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1901
163,225
90,492
346,623
600,340
1902
162,227
92,095
341,475
595,797
1903 . . .
160,825
94,969
374 196
629 991
1904
156,982
94,835
380 000
631,817
1905
159,741
91,947
387,200
638,888
1906
160,957
91,718
A^o r
ficord
1907
160,553
91,429
No r
ecord
1908
182,453
91,620
494,947
769,020
1909
190,854
91,235
539,002
821, (91
1910
195,363
90,454
580,069
865,886
1911. . . .
196,082
90,193
593,073
879,348
1912
196.958
93,783
632,384
923,125
1913..
196^320
97,404
648,479
942,203
1914..
195.261
96,946
704.476
986.683
QUEBEC.
Year.
Government Grants to
Local Expenditure for
Total.
Momentary
Schools.
Other
Schools.
Elementary
Schools.
Superior
Schools.
1901 . . .
$
235,000
235,000
235,000
235,000
235,000
285,000
285,000
335,000
386,000
418,000
462,572
532,000
658,823
658.823
$
218,950
254,500
248,964
234,280
245,760
251,150
334,850
348,350
451,450
490,391
602,657
677,029
752,593
1,065.286
$
1,688,743
1,770,906
1,935,113
2,005,542
2,199,371
2,374,657
2,532,900
2,870,244
3,031,072
3,494,499
3,702,297
4,188,225
4.188,225
$
1,311,061
1,280,203
1,298,961
1,341,573
1,404,387
1,427,745
1,517,741
1,595,293
1,649,344
1,807,640
2,026,807
2,024,215
2,024,215
$
3,453,754
3,524,559
3,718,038
3,816,395
4,084,518
4,338,552
4,591,391
5,148,887
5,517,866
6,210,530
6,794,533
7,416,969
7,623,856
1002
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914.
126
EDUCATION.
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914. con.
ONTARIO (Elementary Schools).
Year.
Receipts.
Total
Expenditure.
Government
Grants.
Local
Assessments.
Clergy Re
serve Fund
and other
sources.
Total.
1901
$
377,308
383,666
390,156
405,362
414,004
509,795
655,239
770,426
810,595
805,635
892,377
842,278
778,150
$
3,784,070
3,959,912
4,263,893
4,464,227
4,928,790
5,429,496
6,146,825
6,581,232
6,574,372
7,334,458
7,826,083
9,478.887
9,856,380
$
1,468,678
1,422,924
1,406,957
1,600,982
1,886,400
1,883,394
2,455,864
2,620,523
3,013,501
3,573,507
3,778,183
3,936,887
4,025,284
S
5,630,056
5,766,502
6,061,006
6,470,571
7,229,194
7,922,685
9,257,928
9,972,181
10,398,468
11,713,600
12,496,643
14,258.052
14,659,814
$
4,720,310
4,825,160
5,077,869
5,459,493
6,161,236
6,403,206
7,556,179
7,943,826
8,141,423
9,343,102
9,904,284
11,273,960
12,325,907
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
MANITOBA.
Yea\
Receipts.
Expenditure.
Govern
ment
Grants.
Local
Assess
ments.
Total.
Teachers
Salaries.
Build
ings,
etc.
Fuel,
Repairs,
etc.
Total.
1901.. .
$
175,933
181,098
191,991
176,297
214,796
208,787
242,383
267,645
282,200
296,115
325,410
351,745
390,582
S
653,359
611,312
796,065
894,570
951,911
1,087,821
1,223,336
1,475,473
1,539,047
1,682,238
1,847,380
2,198,459
2,673,449
$
1,310,805
1,526,171
1,588,954
1,894,953
2,277,855
2,358,888
2 840,694
3,342,033
3,478,729
4,184,768
5,241,808
5,013,569
7,674,549
$
582,325
625,829
697,996
785,100
840,354
910,086
1,009,224
1,103,990
1,203,232
1,327,010
1,452,630
1,734,854
1,861,809
$
148,987
180,979
214,481
259,893
412,206
409,266
460,290
582,034
641,900
830,432
1,199,288
1,420,882
1,426,758
$
101,762
109,866
128,310
134,907
140,860
152,473
206,179
216,709
213,342
235,934
277,034
mu _
232,140
388,934
$
1,272,617
1,455,051
1,509,276
1,786,311
2,170,207
2,249,558
2,729,947
3,229,767
3,337,500
4,000,671
5,023,891
5,036,795
6,079,720
1902
1903
1904. . .
1905
1906.
1907
1908. .
1909. . .
1910.
1911.. ..
1912 1
1913.. .
1914..
1 Owing to change of year, no figures were published for 1912.
127
EDUCATION STATISTICS OF CANADA.
7. Expenditure for Public Education in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1914 concluded.
SASKATCHEWAN.
Receipts.
Year.
Govern
ment
Grants
Local
Assess
ments.
Proceeds
of Deben
tures.
Borrowed
by Note.
Total
Expenditure
1906
$
174,218
$
602,624
$
360,206
i
298,686
S
1,465,361
$
1,448,915
1907
218,385
707,835
507,006
474,324
1,957,472
2,000,675
1908
402,028
992,157
651,828
507,522
2,783,153
2,679,373
1909
513,604
1,249,192
584,873
667,549
3,192,271
3,032,999
1910
557,299
1,369,531
524,741
921,841
3,672,582
3,655,428
1911
555,438
1,519,528
659,270
1,204,322
4,029,792
3,989,036
1912
622,088
1,929,345
1,430,603
1,936,450
6,030,613
5,931,844
1913
722,002
2,913,135
2,075,375
2,470,834
8,360,421
8,327,178
ALBERTA.
Receipts.
Year.
Govern
ment
Grants.
Local
Assess
ments.
Proceeds
of Deben
tures.
Borrowed
by Note.
Total.
Expenditure
1906
$
142,836
$
416,344
$
297,158
$
292,786
$
1,289,921
$
1,259,107
1907
197,768
544,716
442,431
431,561
1,776,700
1,793,953
1908
220,712
917,515
764,069
539,939
2,548,617
2,393,682
1909
307,186
961,959
992,516
535,896
3,031,997
2,735,858
1910
301,239
1,278,013
673,333
848,625
3,187,365
3,362,394
1911
432,877
1,575,412
1,481,173
1,461,208
5,071,033
5,025,773
1912
414,116
1,793,480
1.491,498
2,665,063
6,626,918
6,667,282
1913
461,289
2,901,214
3,497,863
1,959,495
9.048,511
8,684,186
1914
557,682
3,028,776
996,350
2,771,380
7,304,188
7,834,891
i
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Cities,
Cities,
Year.
Provincial
Govern
ment.
Municipal
ities,
Rural and
Assisted
Total.
Year.
Provincial
Govern
ments.
Municipal
ities,
Rural and
Assisted
Total.
Schools.
Schools.
$
^
$
$
$
1901....
350,532
182,160
532,692
1908... 544,672
675,838
1,220,510
1902. . . .
438,086
150,482
588,568
1909... 626,074
921,626
1,547,700
1903....
473,802
130,556
604,358
1910... 818,576
1,098,660
1,917,236
1904. . . .
453,313
144,451
597,764
1911... 1,001,808
1,639,714
2,641,522
1905. . . .
479,158
249,891
729,049
1912... 1,151,715
2,730,773
3,882,488
1906. . . .
444,543
244,198
688,741
1913... 1,663,003
2,995,892
4,658,895
1907....
474,608
390,163
864,771
1914.... 1,885,654
2,749,223
4,634,877
128
V. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE CLIMATE OF CANADA.
By R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., Director of the Meteorological Service
of Canada, Toronto.
The climatography of the Dominion of Canada deals with widely
varying conditions within the northern half of the continent of North
America. Stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the United
States boundary to the Arctic sea, this great area exhibits such a great
diversity in topographical features, that he who traverses it must meet
with even greater changes of climate than would naturally follow from
variation in latitude and distance from the oceans. Of these features
the most important are the lofty mountain ranges which parallel the
Pacific coast, and cause the continental type of climate to predominate
over the Dominion, the true maritime type being confined to the
immediate coast line of British Columbia.
British Columbia. Vancouver island, in the Pacific ocean, occupies
somewhat the same position in relation to the American continent
that Great Britain, in the Atlantic, does to Europe, lying between
nearly the same parallels of latitude. The climate, as in all parts of
British Columbia, varies much with the orographical features of the
country. The annual rainfall along the exposed western coast of the
island is very great, generally exceeding 100 inches, but in the more
eastern districts it is less than half that amount. A comparatively dry
period extends from May to September, while copious rains fall
between September and March. The mean monthly and mean
annual temperatures correspond very closely with those found in parts
of England; the summers are quite as long, and severe frosts scarcely
ever occur.
On what is usually termed the lower mainland of British Columbia,
which includes all parts of the province that lie at comparatively low
levels west of the Selkirks, the climate is everywhere equable and mild.
The lower Fraser valley, in its northward reach to its junction with the
Thompson river, traverses latitudes corresponding with those of the
southern half of England. The spring opens early, the summers are
warm, and the winters, which are usually mild and rainy near the coast,
increase somewhat in severity with increasing distance from the sea. At
Agassiz, about 70 miles from Vancouver, is situated one of the Dominion
experimental farms; the average mean temperature for January at
this place is 35 and for July 64, with a mean daily range of 11 in
the former month and of 28 in the latter; the lowest temperature on
record is - 13 and the highest 103. Frosts seldom occur as late as May,
and there is no record of any during the summer months. The annual
rainfall is 67 inches, two-thirds of which fall between the beginning of
October and the end of March. At New Westminster the rainfall is
essentially the same as at Agassiz, the winter mean temperature being
a few degrees higher, and the summer temperature a little lower.
129
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE CLIMATE OF CANADA.
The change in climate between the west and east sides of the Coast
range is decidedly abrupt. The Pacific winds are deprived of much of
their moisture in ascending the western slopes of the mountains, and the
air flows eastward or is drawn down to lower levels, becoming drier and
warmer; hence the interior plateaus between the Coast and Selkirk
ranges possess a relatively dry climate ; the summers are warmer and the
winters colder than on the lower mainland. The cold of winter is,
however, scarcely ever severe, and the hottest days of summer are
rendered pleasant by the fact that the air is dry and the nights are cool.
In all the lower levels of British Columbia, March is distinctly a spring
month. In the more southern divisions the mean temperature of April
corresponds very nearly with that of the same month in England, while
the summer may very well be compared with that of southern Ontario,
except that the air is much drier and the rainfall is scant. Over the
larger portion of Yale district apples, pears, plums, cherries, as well
as cereals, are most successful crops, and in Okanagan grapes and peaches
thrive, and tobacco is yearly proving more successful. The meteoro
logical tables for Kamloops and Kelowna show approximately the mean
temperature and rainfall values of the region.
The Sub-Arctic. To the northward of the provincial boundaries, in
latitude 60, there are immense territories where the climate is of a sub
arctic type, with modifications in certain localities. The most striking
of these occurs in the valley of the Mackenzie river, where the summers
are comparatively warm, wheat has matured within the Arctic
circle, and certainly vegetables may be grown quite generally. It is
not improbable that these mild conditions obtain over all the territory
between the River and the Rocky mountains. The winters are, how
ever, extremely cold, and while snow is disappearing rapidly and wild
fowl are flying in April, it is May before there is much sign of growth,
and after severe frosts in September winter sets in in October. The
summer rainfall is scant over all the northern country, and the winter
snowfall is by no means heavy.
Alberta. It is doubtful whether there is any other territory on the
surface of the globe with a winter climate as variable as in this province.
The normal winter is cold, and in some years extreme cold is continuous
from November to March, but in other years the Chinook is most
persistent, and warm days with bright sunshine are the characteristic
features of the winter; e.g., the mean temperature of November, 1896,
at Calgary was 39, the mean of November, 1896, was 2, the mean of
January, 1906, was -6, while the mean of January of the following year
was 26. Corresponding variations occur in all parts of the province.
An average daily maximum of 53 at Calgary and at Edmonton and
58 at Medicine Hat, indicates very clearly that April is truly a spring
month, and verifies the statement that spring seeding is well under way
or perhaps completed in April. The rapid upward trend of the tempera
ture curve continues during May and June, and from the middle of May
until the end of July occurs the heaviest rainfall of the year a rainfall
which is nearly equal to that of Ontario and Quebec during the same
period and which as a rule is ample to insure successful crops. Bright,
130
CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
hot days may be confidently looked for during July and August, and
very occasionally in these months temperatures exceeding 90 , perhaps
nearly 100, are recorded, but the average mean maxima in July of 82
at Medicine Hat, 75 at Calgary and 74 at Edmonton indicate a not un
pleasant warmth, while the corresponding minima shows that the nights
are pleasantly cool. An important fact in connection with the clima
tology of Alberta is that the isotherms during the summer months run
nearly north and south, and the mean summer temperature is almost
as high in the extreme north as in the south. Fort Dun vegan in the
Peace river country and Fort Chipewyan on lake Athabasca, have the
same mean summer temperature as Calgary and Edmonton, and with
the longer period of summer sunlight, it is probable that plant life in
the north may make more rapid growth than in southern districts.
But while the summer is of a pretty uniform character throughout
the province, the effect of the increasing latitude is shown before the
end of August by the more rapidly diminishing temperature at northern
stations, and we find the following winter (i.e. December to March),
mean temperatures: Calgary 17; Edmonton 14; Fort Dun vegan 1;
and Fort Chippewyan 5 below zero.
The Chinook is one of the characteristic features of the Alberta
climate, and usually occurs with strong southwest and west winds.
It is most frequent in the south, but is by no means uncommon even
in the Peace river. Sometimes a change of wind from north and north
east to southwest, will in Alberta mean a rise of temperature from
perhaps 20 below zero to 40 above in a few hours. Largely to the effect
of this wind is due the fact that the prairies of southern Alberta are
usually bare of snow during the greater part of the winter.
Saskatchewan.- -The southern half of this province is almost wholly
prairie land, and it is only to the northward of the Saskatchewan river
that any extensive forest areas are found. The climate is similar to
that of Manitoba, except that in the southwestern portion spring sets
in somewhat earlier than north and east, and in mid-winter the chinook
effect of the mountains extends at times even as far east as Regina.
Up to the end of April the temperature of southern Saskatchewan is
somewhat higher than in Manitoba, but from May onward through the
summer it is a little lower, and remains so until December. Reference
to the Regina summary will show that the tendency to temperature
extremes is even greater in Saskatchewan than in Manitoba, an absolute
maximum of 107 and a minimum of -56 having been registered. The
mean daily range of temperature during the summer months is here, as
in the other prairie provinces, very large, amounting to between 25 and
28 degrees; occasionally during both early June and the latter half
of August the temperature goes dangerously near the freezing point,
and there are several instances on record of considerable damage by
frost to unripened crops. The mean total annual precipitation is from
14 to 18 inches, of which amount nearly 60 p.c. falls in the growing
season, May-August. The snowfall is from 30 to 36 inches in western
and southern districts and from 10 to 15 inches greater in the east and
north.
131
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE CLIMATE OF CANADA.
Manitoba. -The province of Manitoba is almost in the centre of the
continent, about midway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and
also midway between the gulf of Mexico and the Arctic sea. It is many
hundreds of miles distant from any high mountains, and there are no
important water areas to the westward. The topographical features of
the province are not pronounced. About two-thirds of the total area,
including the basins of Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba, are at a level of
less than 1,000 feet, while to the westward the levels increase
gradually to about 1,600 feet, with some few districts a little higher.
The very pronounced contrast between the continental and littoral
type of climate is well evidenced by the fact that the mean range in
temperature between the warmest and the coldest months of the year is
71 at Winnipeg, while it is but 21 at Victoria, British Columbia.
The absolute recorded range of temperature at Winnipeg is 150.
A change of temperature of 40 in twenty-four hours is not very excep
tional in winter in Manitoba, and a range of 49 has been registered. Very
pronounced also are the departures from the normal in corresponding
months in different years, there being a January on record with the mean
temperature 8 above normal, and another with the mean temperature
13 below normal, and a February with a mean temperature 25 above
normal and also one with the mean 13 below normal.
The monthly variations from normal are not so pronounced in sum
mer, the mean temperature of the warmest July having been 70.2
and of the coldest 60.6.
As will be obvious from the figures just given, the change from winter
to spring and summer is more rapid than in Great Britain or western
Europe, and frequently an April which is wintry at the beginning ends
with conditions approaching those of summer. An average April is
not so warm a month in Manitoba as it is in England. The season is
not, however, so backward as the monthly mean temperatures might
seem to indicate. The daily range is large, approximately 25, and while
the nights are cold, the day temperatures are high ; the frost soon leaves
the ground and the farmer may commence sowing. The mean tem
perature of May is as high as in the south of England, with the mean
maximum considerably higher, and while frosts occasionally occur they
are seldom severe. Light snowfalls also occur in this month, and at
times are accompanied by high winds, but these storms are seldom
injurious to agriculture.
The rapid upward trend of the temperature curve continues during
June, the average daily maximum of which month is 74 at Winnipeg
and 72 at Minnedosa. Warm days with frequent showers produce an
almost phenomenally rapid growth, which continues through July, for
which month the mean temperature at Winnipeg is 66, with an average
daily maximum of 78. Few summers go by without several heat spells,
during which the temperature rises to 90 or over, and in August 1886,
103 were recorded in Winnipeg and 104 in the more western districts.
There are no wide differences in the monthly and annual amounts
of precipitation in the different parts of the province ; the mean annual
amount is about 19 inches, the heaviest about 22 inches, occurring in
132
CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
the extreme eastern portion, and the least about 17 inches, in
the more southern and western districts. As, however, most of the
precipitation, especially the summer rainfall, comes from local storms,
there is sometimes a considerable difference in the amounts recorded at
places not far distant from each other. Between 9 and 10 inches of rain,
or approximately 50 p.c. of the total annual precipitation, occurs
between May and August and is nearly equal to the amount that occurs
during the same period in Ontario and in the midland counties of England.
At Winnipeg the greatest annual precipitation recorded was 29.24 inches
in 1878, and the least 14.38 inches in 1886, in which year only 4.23 inches
fell during the May to August period. Most of the summer rainfall
occurs in thunderstorms, which at times are quite heavy, accompanied
by violent squalls and, less frequently, by hail. It is but very seldom
that these storms attain the energy of the tornado, which is not uncom
mon on the more heated prairies to the south.
The snowfall of Manitoba ranges from 52 inches in the eastern
districts to 44 inches in the western districts, and while the ground is
usually well covered from December to March, it is seldom that the
depth is great. In most winters there are several heavy northwest gales
succeeding the passage of cyclonic areas, and in these storms, as the
temperature drops quickly, accompanied by a blinding drift of the dry
snow, we have the well-known blizzard of the prairies.
Ontario. The province of Ontario alone is a vast territory, stretching
over 15 degrees of latitude from a point in the same parallel as Rome,
Italy, to a point in the same parallel as the north of Scotland, with
a breadth including twenty degrees of longitude. The almost entire
north and east shores of the Great Lakes belong to Ontario, and its
lands form about half the west shore line of Hudson bay. In portions
of Ontario, the climate is tempered by lake influence; other portions
are affected by the northern inland sea, and other portions again are
exposed to the severe cold waves from the far northwest, which in winter
sweep with unchecked severity over the country north of Lakes Superior
and Huron. Then again, altitude is responsible for some climatic
variation, the country rising away from the various lake levels to heights
which reach 1,800 feet just south of the Georgian bay, and over 1,500
feet near the Upper Ottawa.
The climate of the peninsula of Ontario is much warmer than that
of the northern parts of the province. It is true that the first part of
March is usually rather cold, but bright sunshiny days and swelling buds,
together with the rapid disappearance of the snow, which now lies only
in sheltered places, give omen of spring, which soon comes on apace.
Light snowfalls occasionally occur in April, but this month with a mean
temperature of about 43, three inches of rain and 190 hours of bright
sunshine, is truly spring, and before the close of the month wild flowers
are in bloom and the trees are leafing out.
With a high percentage of bright sunshine and ample rain, vegetation
makes rapid progress during May. Frosts are quite infrequent, and by
about the 24th most of the trees are in full leaf.
133
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE CLIMATE OF CANADA.
The summers, while warm, are not oppressively so, the mean tem
perature of July, at the more southern stations, being but a shade above
70 degrees, and a few degrees lower in June and August. Wholly
overcast and rainy days are of rare occurrence, the rain falling in showers
and thunderstorms of short duration; indeed, from the middle of June
until the end of August we may expect no day without a few sunny hours.
The autumn sets in very gradually, and while frost may sometimes occur
as early as September 20, it is usually well on in October before there is
anything severe, and towards the end of November before the mean
daily temperature falls to the freezing point.
Northward and eastward from Lake Ontario to the Ottawa valley,
the spring opens somewhat later than in the south, but from mid- April
on until the end of August, the temperature and rainfall are much the
same as in the southern parts of the province, modified in certain
districts by the effect of higher altitude, and in others by lying to the
eastward of and in close proximity to the Great Lakes. September,
however, shows a more rapid downward trend of the temperature curve.
Killing frosts occur at an earlier date, and the whole northern country
is usually snow covered before the close of November, while in all
southern counties it is still bare. The snow covering is a most impor
tant factor in the industrial life of the more sparsely settled portions of
the country where lumbering is carried on, since without snow the work
is at a standstill during the cold weather, and the water courses are not
sufficiently in flood during the spring months to float logs to the large
water courses.
The mean temperature of the three winter months is fully ten degrees
lower than in the south, but during March and April the temperature
curves rapidly converge. The lowest temperature of which there is
record at Ottawa is -33, and at Toronto the lowest was -26, and at
London -25; yet at the southern stations such extremes are very rare,
while at northern stations they are of not infrequent occurrence.
Quebec.- -The province of Quebec, like Ontario, covers an immense
area, being included between 22 degrees of longitude and extending from
latitude 45 to the barren lands on the shores of Hudson strait. The
southwestern districts of the province, which are the warmest, are not,
as in the Ontario peninsula, protected by the Great Lakes, and hence
the winters are considerably colder, and the autumnal frosts occur a
little earlier. The Montreal summary shows very well the general char
acteristics of this warmest part of the province, and the Quebec and
Father Point summaries show the chief features of the middle and lower
portions of the St. Lawrence valley.
Perhaps the most striking feature of the Montreal climate is the
rapidity of the advance of spring. March is essentially a winter month,
but April and May are as warm as Toronto, and the mid-summer is
slightly warmer than in Toronto. The September and October normals
are both quite similar to the corresponding figures for southwestern
Ontario, but in November the thermometer shows a more rapid down
ward trend, and then follows a winter with a normal temperature 10
134
CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
degrees lower than in Toronto, while for four months the ground is usually
covered with a depth of between one and three feet of snow. Eastward
in the St. Lawrence valley the summers are cooler and the winters
decidedly colder, and with the retardation of the opening of spring conse
quent upon a higher latitude and the more gradual melting of a snow
covering, it is not until May that the leafing of the trees is at all rapid.
Mid-September, too, usually sees the brilliant coloration of the autumnal
tints.
Northwestern Quebec, or that part of the province which lies between
the 47th and 51st parallels and west of Lake St. John, is a territory
almost wholly lacking meteorological stations, but the summaries for
Haileybury, Abitibi and Moose Factory without doubt indicate very
closely the climatic conditions from south to north over this large district.
The winters setting in towards the end of November are decidedly cold
with a heavy snowfall. The summers are distinctly warm, and few
seasons pass without some heat spells, when 90 and over are recorded.
The Maritime Provinces. These have a climate which is in many
respects comparable with that of southern Ontario, but there are im
portant differences. The spring opens somewhat later near the sea, and
in a latitude somewhat higher, and then again the summers, while a little
warmer than in the south of England, are rather cooler than in the
peninsula of Ontario. Temperatures exceeding 85 and at times 95
are by no means infrequent during the summer months. After Sep
tember the temperature declines quite rapidly, and while October is a
month of much fine weather, night frosts are likely to be severe, and
towards the close of November the normal daily temperature falls below
the freezing point.
The winters in Nova Scotia are not quite as cold as in southern
Ontario, but over the greater part of New Brunswick they are colder,
and taking Fredericton as a good example of prevailing winter condi
tions, we find them closely comparable with those of western Quebec,
where zero temperatures occur quite frequently between mid-December
and the first of March. The precipitation, which is ample throughout the
provinces, is heaviest along the south shore of Nova Scotia, where it
exceeds 50 inches, while between 40 and 45 is mere general. The snow
fall is very heavy in northern New Brunswick, where it exceeds 100 inches,
and diminishes southward towards Nova Scotia, where the precipitation
accompanying winter storms is usually partly in the form of rain.
135
TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION.
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Stations.
KAMLOOPS, B.C.
KELOWNA, B.C.
DEGREES or TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
DEGREES .or TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
thly
thly
Mouth.
Extreme
preci
Month.
Extreme
preci
Mean
Mean
Mean
Monthly
pita
Mean
Mean
Mean
Monthly
pita
Daily.
Daily
Daily
tion
Daily
Daily
Daily
tion
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
(in.)
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
(in.)
Jan . . .
22
28 17
54
-31
O.QOlJan....
24
30
17
53
-22
1.33
Feb...
27
33
20
64
-27
0.80
Feb...
26
34
18
54
-19
1.10
Mar...
38
47
28
70
-6
0.32
Mar. . .
37
47
27
62
-5
0.84
Apr . . .
50
61
38
92
19
0.36
Apr
47
59
34
81
19
0.46
May . .
58
70
45
100
26
0.93
May...
55
69
42
91
25
1.03
June . .
65
76
53
101
35
1.23
June . . .
61
75
48
93
34
1.32
July...
70
83
57
102
42
1.27
July...
67
81
52
96
39
1.17
Aug...
68
81
55
101
35
1.05
Aug . . .
64
77
50
95
33
1.03
Sept . .
58
69 47
93
28
0.94
Sept...
55
67
42
85
26
1.17
Oct. . .
48
56 39
82
16
0.59
Oct....
45
56
34
75
18
0.85
Nov. .
36
42
30
72
-22
1.05
Nov. . .
36
43
30
65
-9
1.99
Dec.. .
29
33
25
59
-17
1.55
Dec . . .
30
36
25
52
-3
1.38
Year.
47
57
38
102
-31
10 99
Year..
46
56
35
96
-22
13 67
AGASSIZ, B.C.
VANCOUVER, B.C.
1
Jan. 35 1 40
29
62
-13
6.44
Jan ....
35
39
31
55
2 , 8.56
Feb... 37
44
30
71
-12
5.78
Feb...
38
43
32
58
10 6.22
Mar... 44
53
34
77
10
5.09
Mar. . .
42
49
35
61
15 , 4.46
Apr... 49 62
37
90
28
4.32
Apr
47
56
38
79
27 3.09
May. . 55
69
42
93
30
4.81
May. . .
54
62
45
80
33 3.56
June . . 59
72
46
95
35
4.82
June . . .
58
68
49
88
36 2.82
July... 64 i 78
50
100
38
2.26
July . . .
66
79
53
90
43 1.33
Aug... 63 ! 78
48
103
38
2.75
Aug . . .
62
71
52
92
39 1.71
Sept.. 57
70
44
96
30
4.66
Sept..
56
64
47
82
30 4.29
Oct... 51
62
39
82
24
5.80
Oct.... 49
56
43
69
23 5.69
Nov . . 41
49
34
69
9
8.91
Nov... 42
47
38
63
15 11.28
Dec... 37
44
31
57
8
7.37
Dec ... 39
43
35
58
17 7.56
Year 49 6C
39
103
-13
63.01
Year.. 49
56
42
92
2 60.57
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA.
CALGARY, ALBERTA.
Jan . . .
11
22
1
62
-50
0.56
Jan ....
12
23
2
58
-48
0.47
Feb...
13
23
4
64
-51
0.58
Feb...
14
25
2
59
-49
0.59
Mar. . .
27
38
15
84
-38
0.61
Mar. . .
24
36
12
75
-34
0.74
Apr. . .
45
58
31
96
-3
0.61
Apr
40
53
27
79
-14
0.63
May. .
55
68
41
99
12
1.78
May.. .
49
63
36
90
12
2.72
June . .
62
76
49
107
30
2.57
June . . .
55
68
42
94
26
3.32
July...
68
82
54
103
36
1.80
July . . .
61
75
46
95
31
2.93
Aug. . .
67
81
52
103
31
1.52
Aug . . .
58
70
45
95
28
2.67
Sept..
56
70
42
92
17
1.00
Sept...
50
64
37
89
15
1.28
Oct...
46
59
33
85
-10
0.51
Oct....
42
55
29
85
0.49
Nov. .
29
40
18
76
-36
0.72
Nov. . .
26
36
15
70
-31
0.74
Dec...
21
31
11
65
-50
0.49
Dec . . .
20
30
11
69
-39
0.55
Year.
42
54
29
107
-51
12 75
Year..
38
50
25
95
-49
17 13
136
CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Stations con.
EDMONTON, ALBERTA.
REGINA, SASK.
DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
thly
thly
Month.
Mean
Daily
Mean
Daily
Max.
Mean
Daily
Min.
Extreme
Monthly
preci
pita
tion
(in.)
Month.
Mean
Daily
Mean
Daily
Max.
Mean
Daily
Min.
Extreme
Monthly
preci
pita
tion
(in.)
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Jan . . .
7
16
-3
52
-52
0.69
Jan ....
-4
7
-14
48
-54
0.37
Feb...
9
20
-1
56
-43
0.72
Feb...
-2
9
-12
52
-56
0.29
Mar...
22
34
11
68
-31
0.73
Mar. . .
14
24
3
76
-44
0.49
Apr . . .
41
53
29
84
-15
0.79
Apr
37
49
26
89
-20
0.73
May. .
51
65
38
90
10
1.78
May...
50
63
37
99
7
1.98
June . .
57
70
44
94
14
3.10
June . . .
59
72
47
102
25
3.17
July...
61
74
48
94
30
3.05
July...
64
77
50
107
31
2.49
Aug...
59
72
46
90
29
2.05
Aug. ..
61
76
47
104
23
1.86
Sept . .
50
62
38
87
12
1.46
Sept...
51
65
37
97
9
1.19
Oct...
48
61
35
79
2
0.75
Oct....
39
52
26
87
-15
0.70
Nov. .
29
40
18
74
-36
0.74
Nov. . .
21
32
10
73
-47
0.48
Dec.. .
19
30
8
59
-42
0.77
Dec . . .
8
17
-2
56
-55
0.36
Year
38
50
26
94
-52
16.63
Year...
33 45 21
107
-56
14.11
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK.
WINNIPEG, MAN.
Jan . . .
-4
8
-16
53
-67
0.88
Jan ....
-5
6
-16
42
Feb...
-2
10
-14
54
-70
0.74
Feb....
-1
11
-12
46
Mar...
12
26
-1
62
-44
0.95
Mar . . .
14
25
3
73
Apr . . .
37
50
24
84
-23
0.83
Apr
37
49
26
90
May. .
49
63
35
90
13
1.53
May...
52
65
39
94
June . .
57
71
44
96
326
2.63
June . . .
62
74
50
101
July...
62
75
49
93
23
2.44
July...
66 78
54
96
Aug. . .
59
72
46
94
22
2.40
Aug. ..
63 76
51
103
Sept..
49
61
37
88
14
1.49
Sept . . .
53
65
41
99
Oct...
38
49
27
85
-5
0.89
Oct.... 40
51
30
85
Nov. .
18
27
8
66
-35
1.04
Nov.. .
20
29
11
71
Dec...
5
16
-6
58
-57
0.79
Dec...
5
15
-5
45
Year. .
32
44
19
96
-70
16.61
Year.. 39
45
22
103
-46
-47
-35
-13
11
21
36
30
17
-3
-33
-42
0.82
0.90
.15
.48
.35
.58
3.15
2.45
.07
.73
.10
1
1
2.
3.
2.
1
1
0.91
-47 21.69
TORONTO, ONT.
MONTREAL, QUE.
Jan . . .
22
29
15
58
-27
2.87
Jan ....
13
21
5
53
-26
3.99
Feb...
22
29
14
54
-25
3.58
Feb....
14
22
7
47
-24
3.33
Mar...
29
36
17
75
-16
2.65
Mar. . .
25
32
17
61
-15
3.40
Apr. . .
41
50
22
90
6
2.40
Apr
41
49
33
77
8
2.22
May. .
53
62
33
93
25
2.98
May...
53
62
44
89
23
3.02
June . .
63
72
43
97
28
2.76
June . . .
64
74
54
92
38
3.21
July...
68
78
53
103
39
3.04
July. . .
69
77
61
95
47
3.95
Aug. . .
67
76
58
99
40
2.77
Aug . . .
66
74
58
90
43
3.35
Sept . .
59
68
57
97
28
3.18
Sept...
59
66
51
90
33
3.46
Oct...
47
55
50
86
16
2.40
Oct....
46
53
39
80
21
3.27
Nov. .
36
43
39
70
-5
2.91
Nov. . .
33
39
27
68
3.43
Dec...
26
33
30
61
-21
2.83
Dec . . .
20
27
13
59
-21
3.69
Year
44
53
20
103
-27
34.37
Year...
42
50
34
95
-26
40.32
137
TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
1. Average Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Stations concluded.
QUEBEC, QUE.
FREDERICTON, N.B.
DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE, F.
Mon
thly
thly
Month
Mean
Daily
Mean
Daily
Max.
Mean
Daily
Min.
Extreme
Monthly
preci
pita
tion
(in.)
Month
Mean
Daily
Mean
Daily
Max.
Mean
Daily
Min.
Extreme
Monthly
preci
pita
tion
(in.)
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Jan . . .
10
18
2
47
-34
3.71
Jan ....
13
24
2
55
-34
4.03
Feb...
12
20
4
49
-32
3.47
Feb....
15
27
4
51
-35
5.66
Mar...
23
31
15
64
-23
3.28
Mar . . .
27
37
16
65
-20
4.72
Apr . . .
37
45
29
80
3
2.06
Apr
39
50
28
82
-2
2.97
May. .
52
62
42
88
21
3.05
May...
51
63
40
92
24
3.22
June. .
61
71
52
90
34
3.83
June . . .
60
72
47
92
26
3.71
July...
66
76
57
96
39
4.30
July...
66
77
55
96
40
3.03
Aug. . .
63
72
54
90
38
4.00
Aug . . .
63
74
53
95
35
3.97
Sept . .
55
64
47
88
29
3.77
Sept...
55
66
45
92
25
3.54
Oct...
42
48
36
77
14
3.09
Oct....
43
54
33
81
15
4.07
Nov. .
32
36
29
66
-10
3.17
Nov. . .
33
41
25
68
-3
4.07
Dec...
15
22
8
88
-27
3.37
Dec...
19
28
11
58
-26
3.45
Year..
39
47
31
96
-34
41.10
Year...
40
51
30
96
-35
46.44
ST. JOHN, N.B.
HALIFAX, N.S.
Jan . . .
19
28
10
53
-19
4.80
Jan
27
32
22
55
-16
5.80
Feb...
20
28
12
50
-15
3.90
Feb....
24
32
15
50
-17
4.69
Mar...
28
36
21
53
-9
4.54
Mar. . .
30
38
22
60
-9
5.34
Apr.. .
39
47
32
72
11
3.51
Apr
39
48
31
79
7
4.42
May. .
48
55
41
87
27
3.71
May...
49
58
40
90
22
4.16
June. .
56
64
49
87
35
3.27
June . . .
58
68
48
93
33
3.78
July...
60
69
52
89
41
3.63
July...
65
74
55
93
41
3.88
Aug. . .
61
69
53
89
43
3.86
Aug. ..
65
74
55
93
41
4.44
Sept . .
56
63
49
85
33
3.74
Sept...
58
68
49
88
29
3.80
Oct...
45
51
40
73
21
4.54
Oct....
49
57
40
86
19
5.48
Nov. .
37
43
30
62
-15
4.41
Nov.. .
38
45
31
67
8
5.60
Dec.. .
24
32
17
55
-19
4.17
Dec . . .
28
35
20
62
-11
5.42
Year..
41
49
34
89
-19
48.08
Year...
44
52
36
93
-17
56.81
138
CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.
2. Weather of the year 1914 at representative Stations, compared with normal annual
averages for the period 1888 to 1907.
Station.
Degrees of Temperature, F.
Hours of
Sunshine
Mean
Winter
Mean
sum
mer
i
Low
est
High
est
Mean
annual
Nor
mal
annual
(1888-
1907)
1914.
Nor
mal
annual
(1888-
1907)
British Columbia
Victoria
42-7
40-1
29-4
19-1
13-2
8-0
5-5
8-1
4-6
5-2
11-5
9-1
17-4
22-5
24-4
19.7
12.0
14.9
16-5
13-4
14-6
13.0
15-0
16-7
21-8
27-3
23-4
23-4
19-9
58-3
61-3
67-8
62-0
60-5
64-6
61-1
62-7
63-9
66-0
60-4
57-3
64-4
63-3
67-6
67.8
62.6
64-4
65-5
62-6
62-5
55-6
62-3
61-2
58-1
57-5
60-2
59-1
61-0
26
15
-18
-29
-36
-46
-47
-41
-45
-39
-37
-56
-34
-10
-22
-28
-42
-30
-27
-31
-28
-28
-28
-24
-20
- 6
-14
-15
-20
82
82
95
96
85
96
99
97
99
95
88
91
99
89
93
91
96
88
91
91
92
90
91
89
81
75
88
87
85
50-3
50-3
47-8
40-5
37-5
37-5
32-4
36-5
35-4
37-0
36-8
30-8
41-2
43-4
44-4
43.5
38.1
40-4
41-5
38-1
39-2
34-4
38-9
39-5
40-4
42-6
42-0
41-0
40-3
50-3
49-1
47-7
37-4
36-7
34-4
32-1
34-5
34-1
34-9
35-7
32-3
41-3
43-8
45-5
43.7
38.5
43-0
42-3
38-7
35-1
40-3
40-5
41-6
40-2
44-3
42-4
40-2
1,945 1
1,748
2,049
2,504
2,092
2,066
2^002
2,230
2,138
1,862
1,785
2,153
1,815
1,822
1,815
1,868
2,101
2,178
2,048
1,989
1,874
1,805
1,762
1,978
1..896
Vancouver
Kami oops
Alberta
Calcrarv
Edmonton
Saskatchewan
Battlef ord
Prince Albert ....
Qu Appelle
Manitoba
Minnedosa
Winnipeg . ...
Ontario
Port Arthur
White River .
Parry Sound
Southampton
Toronto
Kingston
Stonecliff
Ottawa
Quebec
Montreal
Quebec
Sherbrooke
Father Point
New Brunswick
Chatham
Fredericton
St. John
Nova Scotia
Yarmouth
Halifax
Svdnev
Pr. Edward Island
Charlottetown . . .
TEMPERATURE. At the Stations of the Dominion Meteorological Service the
highest and lowest temperature in each 24 hours, termed respectively the maximum
and the minimum, are recorded by self-registering thermometers. For any
month the sum of the daily maxima, divided by the number of days of the month,
is the mean maximum temperature of that month. The mean minimum temper
ature is obtained in a similar manner. The half-sum of the mean maximum and
the mean minimum is called the mean temperature. The averages of these results
for any particular month over a period of years are the average means for that
period and are used as normal means or temperatures of reference. -he highest
and lowest temperatures recorded during the whole period of years are termed
the extreme maximum and extreme minimum respectively. ?hese latter figures
are of course to be regarded as extraordinary, the more unlikely to recur the longer
the period from which they have been derived. Temperatures below zero have
the minus sign ( - ) prefixed.
139
TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION.
2. Weather of the year 1914 at representative Stations, compared with normal
annual averages for the period 1888 to 1907 concluded.
Precipitation in Inches.
Station.
1914.
Normal (1888-1907)
Rain.
Snow.
Total.
Rain.
Snow.
Total.
British Columbia
Victoria
25-72
52-04
6-31
9-27
20-56
15-80
9-54
13-15
12-69
17-32
15-69
11-02
18-61
16-26
19.75
19-66
17-50
18-17
20-48
24-75
25-08
16-16
24-72
27-51
29-26
29-96
42-47
19-28
24-42
5-0
17-4
44-2
84-3
47-3
33-4
38-3
66-2
49-3
45-6
28-5
52-2
138-9
117-8
74-3
55-0
115-2
94-7
122-3
129-6
98-4
77-5
113-3
85-7
64-6
64-1
50-9
123-0
92-8
26-22
53-78
10-73
17-70
25-29
19-14
13-37
19-77
17-62
21-88
18-54
16-24
32-50
28-04
27-18
25-16
29-02
27-64
32-71
37-71
34-92
23-91
36-05
36-08
35-72
36-37
47-56
31-58
33-70
31-41
57-88
8-00
11.70
14-18
11-05
11-62
13-44
12-79
15-62
19-01
17-36
29-38
21-64
25-28
24-01
21-69
24-70
29-37
27-17
23-21
27-65
33-73
36-68
42-47
49-43
41-10
29-97
11-6
23-2
26-2
46-0
40-2
27-4
49-8
54-0
45-7
51-9
44-5
93-5
115-6
116-0
61.0
74-8
82-6
87-0
122-7
132-9
109-6
119-9
104-6
84-3
84-2
76-7
92-8
101-8
32-57
60-20
10-62
16-30
18-20
13-79
16-60
18-84
17-36
20-81
23-46
26-71
40-94
33-24
31-38
31-49
29-95
33-40
41-64
40-46
34-17
39-64
44-19
45-11
50-88
57-10
50-38
40-15
Vancouver
Kamloops
Alberta
Calgary .
Edmonton
Saskatchewan
Battleford
Prince Albert
Qu Appelle
Manitoba
Minnedosa
Winnipeg
Ontario
Port Arthur
White River
Parry Sound
Southampton
Toronto
Kingston
Stonecliff
Ottawa.
Quebec
Montreal
Quebec
Sherbrooke
Father Point
New Brunswick
Chatham
Fredericton
St. John
Nova Scotia
Yarmouth
Halifax
Svdnev
Prince Edward Island
Charlottetown
PRECIPITATION. Under the collective term precipitation is included all
moisture which has been precipitated from the atmosphere upon the earth: rain,
snow, hail, sleet, etc. The amount of moisture is conveniently measured by deter
mining the depth to which it has accumulated upon an impervious surface, and is
always expressed in inches of depth. The total depth of snow is tabulated sepa
rately, but is added to the depth of rain after division by ten. An extended series
of experiments in melting and measuring snow having been collated, the rule was
deduced that a given fall of snow will, in melting, dimmish on the average to
one-tenth of its original depth. This rule is used in practice. All solid forms of
precipitation other than snow are included in the tables as rain.
140
VI. PRODUCTION.
In this section are included the statistics of agriculture, forestry,
fisheries, minerals and manufactures.
AGRICULTURE.
Census O; 1911. During the year 1914 Volume IV (Agriculture)
of the Report on the Fifth Census of Canada, 1911, was completed.
It deals with statistics of the agricultural industries of the Dominion,
including field crops, fruits, animals and animal products, farm labour
and wages. Of the following statements, Tables 1 to 6 relate to field
crops and live stock for 1914, compared in most cases with previous
years. Tables 7 to 19 give a selection of the principal agricultural data
of the Census of 1911, as abstracted from Volume IV of the Census
Report; Tables 20 to 31 relate to various other subjects of agricultural
importance. Tables 32 to 36 give a record of agricultural prices, and
Table 37 records the world s harvest of cereal products for the year
1914-15 as compared with 1913-1914.
Field Crops, 1910-1914. In Table 1 are presented for Canada and
by provinces estimates of the area, yield, quality and value of the
principal field crops for each of the years 1910 to 1914, with averages
for the four years 1910 to 1913. In this table the areas for 1910 and
1911 are figures of the Census of 1911, the areas of field crops for both
1910 and 1911 having been then collected. For 1912, 1913 and 1914
the areas are estimated by application to the figures of the previous
year in each case of average percentages compiled from the reports of
correspondents. The total yields of 1910 represent the addition of the
figures furnished to the census enumerators by individual farmers; but
for the other four years the yields are obtained by multiplication of
the areas by the average yields per acre as estimated by correspondents.
For 1910 the average yields per acre are obtained by division of the
total yields by the total acreages, the data for both factors having
been collected by the Census of 1911. For each of the other years
the yields per acre represent the averages of the figures furnished
by correspondents. The total values are derived from the averages
per unit, as furnished by correspondents, multiplied by the total
quantities. The total value of all the field crops for 1910, thus arrived
at, is considerably in excess of the total value for the same year as
returned by the Census and given in Table 9. The two sets of figures
rest, however, upon different bases. The census figures of 1910 were
collected in June, 1911, and represent the total values supplied by
farmers of products, whether sold or consumed on the farm. The
estimates in Table 1 are computed from the average local market
prices supplied by correspondents in December, 1910.
It may be noted that the areas and yields in Table 1 for 1910 do
not quite agree with the census figures for this year as recorded in
Table 10. The reason for the slight discrepancies thus apparent is
that the figures in Table 10 represent the finally revised returns of
the Census, as published in Volume IV of the Report, dated 1914,
but issued from the press early in 1915, whilst those in Table 1 are as
published in the Year Book of 1913. The differences are not sufficiently
141
AGRICULTURE.
important to warrant the entire recalculation of all the data in Table 1,
the figures in which have therefore been left as previously published.
Harvest of 1914. In marked contrast with 1913, the season of 1914
proved particularly unfavourable to the growth of grain. Persistent
drought throughout the greater part of the Northwest provinces resulted
in yields per acre of the chief cereals lower than in any season since 1910
and lower by between four and five bushels than the averages of the six
years ended 1913. In Ontario and Quebec, though the grain crops
suffered from a dry season, the conditions were not so unfavourable,
whilst in the Maritime Provinces a favourable season resulted in
good returns. In eastern Canada the yield and quality of potatoes
were remarkably good. The average yield per acre of this crop for
the whole of Canada, viz., 180 bushels, was higher than in any year
since 1908, excepting only in 1909, when the average reached was
193 bushels. In Ontario, where the acreage under potatoes is larger
than in any of the other provinces, the yield per acre in 1914, viz., 167
bushels, is the highest ever recorded either by the Dominion or the
provincial Department.
Yield of Grain Crops. Of wheat the total estimated yield was
161,280,000 bushels from a productive area of 10,293,900 acres, as
compared with 231,717,000 bushels in 1913 from 11,015,000 acres, an
average yield per acre in 1914 of 15.67 bushels against 21 bushels in
1913. Fall-sown wheat gave a total yield in 1914 of 20,837,000 bushels
from 973,300 producing acres, as compared with 22,592,000 bushels
from 970,000 acres in 1913. The average yields per acre of fall wheat
were 21.41 bushels in 1914 and 23.29 bushels in 1913. The yield of
spring wheat, viz., 140,443,000 bushels from 9,320,600 acres, gave the
average rate of 15.07 bushels per acre. In 1913 the corresponding
figures for spring wheat were 209,125,000 bushels, 10,045,000 acres,
and 20.81 bushels per acre. Oats in 1914 yielded 313,078,000 bushels
from 10,061,500 acres, or 31.12 bushels per acre, as compared with
404,669,000 bushels from 10,434,000 acres, or 38.78 bushels per acre
in 1913. Barley upon 1,495,600 acres gave, in 1914, 36,201,000 bushels,
or 24.21 bushels per acre, as compared with 1,613,000 acres, 48,319,000
bushels and 29.96 bushels per acre in 1913. For the remaining grain
crops the total yields expressed in bushels were: Rye, 2,016,800 in
1914, as compared with 2,300,000 in 1913; peas 3,362,500 and 3,951,800;
beans 797,500 and 800,900; buckwheat 8,626,000 and 8,372,000;
mixed grains 16,382,500 and 15,792,000; flax 7,175,200 and 17,539,000;
corn for husking 13,924,000 and 16,772,600 bushels. For the same
crops the yields per acre were, in bushels, for rye 18.12 arid 19.28;
peas 17.64 and 18.05; beans 18.20 and 17.19; buckwheat 24.34 and
21.99; mixed grains 35.36 and 33.33; flax 6.62 and 11.30; corn for
husking 54.39 and 60.30.
Yields of Root and Fodder Crops. Potatoes in 1914 gave a yield
for all Canada of 85,672,000 bushels from 475,900 acres, as compared
with 78,544,000 bushels from 473,500 acres in 1913. The respective
averages per acre were 180 bushels and 165.88 bushels. The potato
yield of 1914 in the Maritime Provinces was especially good, the yield
per acre being 213 bushels in Prince Edward Island, 220 bushels in
142
PRODUCTION.
Nova Scotia and 240 bushels in New Brunswick. Turnips and other
roots for the whole of Canada yielded 69,003,000 bushels, compared
with 66,788,000 bushels in 1913, hay and clover 10,259,000 tons, com
pared with 10,859,000 tons, alfalfa 218,360 tons, compared with 237,770
tons, fodder corn 3,251,480 tons, compared with 2,616,300 tons, sugar
beets 108,600 tons, compared with 148,000 tons. The respective
average yields per acre of turnips, etc., were 394 and 358 bushels; of hay
and clover, 1.28 and 1.33 ton; of alfalfa 2.42 and 2.54 tons; of fodder
corn 10.25 and 8.62 tons and of sugar beets 8.98 and 8.71 tons.
Value of Field Crops. For the whole of Canada the area estimated
to be sown to field crops for 1914 w r as 35,102,175 acres, as compared
with 35,375,430 acres in 1913; but owing to drought the productive
area in 1914 was lessened by 1,665,500 acres, thus reducing the total
to 33,436,675 acres. Upon this area the total value of all field crops,
including roots and fodder, computed at average local market prices,
amounted to $638,580,300, as compared with $552,771,500 in 1913, the
increase of $85,808,800 being chiefly due to the enhancement of prices
caused by the war. The increase in values, therefore, more than counter
balanced the low yields caused by drought. The average prices per
bushel of the principal grain and fodder crops, in 1914 and 1913,
were respectively as follows: Wheat $1.22 and 67 cents; oats 48 and 32
cents; barley 60 and 42 cents; rye 83 and 66 cents; peas $1.46 and
$1.11; beans $2.31 and $1.88; buckwheat 72 and 64 cents; mixed
grains 66 and 55 cents; flaxseed $1.03 and 97 cents; corn for husking
71 and 64 cents. For hay and clover the average prices per ton were
$14.23 and $11.48; for fodder com $4.91 and $4.78 and for alfalfa
$14.17 and $11.85. The total values were: Wheat $196,418,000 and
$156,462,000; oats $151,811,000 and $128,893,000; barley $21,557,000
and $20,144,000; rye $1,679,300 and $1,524,000; peas $4,895,000 and
$4,382,000; beans $1,844,300 and $1,505,000; buckwheat $6,213,000
and $5,320,000; mixed grains $10,759,400 and $8,685,000; flaxseed
$7,368,000 and $17,084,000; corn for husking $9,808,000 and $10,784,300;
potatoes $41,598,000 and $38,418,000; turnips, etc., $18,934,000 and
$18,643,000; hay and clover $145,999,000 and $124,696,000; fodder corn
$15,9^9,700 and $12,506,000 and alfalfa $3,095,600 and $2,819,200.
Quality of Grain Crops.- -The quality of the grain crops in 1914,
determined by the weight in Ib. per measured bushel, was fair, conditions
during the ripening, harvesting and threshing periods being upon the
whole of favourable character. The results for wheat, oats and barley
are not equal to those of 1913, when yield and quality combined excelled
all records; but they are practically equal to the average of the four
years 1900 to 1913, although if anything slightly below it. The same
may be said for the other grain crops, except that they were slightly
above the average. Flaxseed alone showed any material adverse
difference, the weight being 52.5 Ib., as against the average of 55.96
Ib. Corn for husking was 56.62 Ib., as compared with the average of
54.85 Ib. In 1914 the average weights per measured bushel were for wheat
59.5 Ib., for oats 35.31 Ib., for barley 47.22 Ib., for rye 55.47 Ib., for
peas 60.53 Ib., for beans 60.21 Ib., for buckwheat 48.20 Ib. and for
mixed grains 45.51 Ib.
143
AGRICULTURE.
Grain Harvest in Northwest Provinces. Table 2 gives the areas
and yields of wheat, oats and barley in the three Northwest provinces
for the years 1910 to 1914, with the average for the four years 1910
to 1913. In these provinces the production in 1914 of wheat was esti
mated at 140,958,000 bushels, compared with 209,262,000 bushels in
1913, of oats at 150,843,000 bushels, compared with 242,413,000 bushels,
and of barley at 19,535,000 bushels compared with 31,060,000 bushels.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada, 1910-1914.
.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Canada-
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Fall wheat 1910
974,704
20.91
20,383,552
60.11
86
17,564,000
v/ * >*-J
1911
1,161,205
22.23
25,814,000
61.12
0.83
21,458,000
1912
971,000
20.99
20,387,000
60.21
0.84
17,157,000
1913
970,000
23.29
22,592,000
60.25
0.80
18,185,000
1914
973,300
21.41
20,837,000
59.61
1.05
21,818,000
Average .... 1910-13
1,019,000
21.88
22,294,000
60.42
0.83
18,591,000
Spring wheat 1910
7.888,447
14.16
111,665,230
59.71
73
81,966,000
\J . 1 *-r
1911
9,939,468
20.64
205,110,000
59.21
0.62
126,665,000
1912
10.025,700
20.32
203,772,000
58.90
0.60
121,933,000
1913
10,045,000
20.81
209,125,000
60.37
0.66
138,277,000
1914
9,320,600
15.07
140,443,000
59.16
1.24
174,600,000
Average .... 1910-13
9,475,000
19.25
182,418,000
59.55
0.64
117,210,000
All wheat 1910
8,863,151
14.89
132,048,782
59.77
75
99,530,000
\J . 1 <s
1911
11,100,673
20.80
230,924,000
59.42
0.64
148,123,000
1912
10,996,700
20.38
224,159,000
59.02
0.62
139,090,000
1913
11,015,000
21.04
231,717,000
60.36
0.67
156,462,000
1914
10,293,900
15.67
161,280,000
59.49
1.22
196,418,000
Average .... 1910-13
10,494,000
19.51
204,712,000
59.65
0.66
135,801,000
Oats 1910
8,652,015
28.14
243,506,292
36.08
35
85,402,000
\J . UtJ
1911
9,630,760
37.92
365,179,000
34.65
0.36
132,949,000
1912
9,966,000
39.29
391,629,000
35.40
0.32
126,304,000
1913
10,434,000
38.78
404,669,000
36.48
0.32
128,893,000
1914
10,061,500
31.12
313,078,000
35.31
0.48
151,811,000
Average. ...1910-13
9,671,000
36.32
351,246,000
35.65
0.34
118,387,000
Barley 1910
1,286,611
22.42
28,846,425
47.69
48
13,976.000
\J . ~O
1911
1,521,694
29.19
44,415,000
46^97
0.56
24,704,000
1912
1,581,300
31.24
49,398,000
47.59
0.45
22,354,000
1913
1.613,000
29.96
48,319,000
48.41
0.42
20,144,000
1914
1,495,600
24.21
36,201,000
47.22
0.60
21,557,000
Average. ...1910-13
1,501,000
28.48
42,745,000
47.67
0.47
20,295,000
Rye. .1910
114,343
13.44
1,536,635
55 72
68
1,045,000
/
\.J . \J\->
1911
131,240
18.99
2.492,000
55.11
0.76
1,899,700
1912
127.000
19.11
2 ,428,000
54.84
0.72
1,755,000
1913
1 19,300
19.28
2,300,000
55.66
0.66
1,524,000
1914
111,280
18.12
2,016,800
55.47
0.83
1,679,300
Average.... 1910-13
123,000
17.80
2,190.000
55 33
0.71
1,556,000
144
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Canada con.
Peas 1910
Acres.
355,262
Bush.
13.50
Bush.
4,808,145
Lb.
58 73
$
87
4,177,900
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Beans 1910
294,750
259,550
218,980
205,550
283,000
46,149
15.83
15.07
18.05
17.64
15.32
17.89
4,666,000
3,913,000
3,951,800
3,362,500
4,335,000
825,648
59.58
56.88
60.00
60.53
58.80
59 81
1.02
1.26
1.11
1.46
1.05
1 72
4,766,600
4,944,400
4,382,000
4,895,000
4,568,000
1,417,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Buckwheat 1910
52,896
52,560
46,600
43,830
50,000
361,871
19.41
17.51
17.19
18.20
17.86
19.90
1,026,800
920,500
800,900
797,500
893,000
7,200,284
58.30
59.05
59.70
60.21
59.22
47.83
1.93
2.18
1.88
2.31
1.93
0.57
1,979,000
2,008,000
1,505,000
1,844,300
1,727,000
4,095,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Mixed grains .... 1910
371,560
398,700
380,700
354,400
378,000
430,703
22.72
26.38
21.99
24.34
22.83
30 59
8,441,000
10,517,000
8,372,000
8,626,000
8,633,000
13,176 792
47 32
47.62
50.32
48.20
48.27
45 45
0.64
0.62
0.64
0.72
0.62
51
5,422,000
6,544,000
5,320,000
6,213,000
5,345,000
6,714,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Flax 1910
525,224
496,500
473,800
463,300
482,000
582,326
29.91
34.64
33.33
35.36
32.10
7 29
15,712,000
17,198,000
15,792,000
16,382,500
15,470,000
4,244,566
45.10
44.48
44.74
45.51
44.94
54 96
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.66
0.57
2.06
9,531,000
10,194,000
8,685,000
10,759,400
8,781,000
8,778,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Corn for husking 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Potatoes 1910
878,872
2,021,900
1,552,800
1,084,000
1,259,000
293,775
321,875
298,190
278,140
256,000
298,000
465,903
11.46
12.92
11.30
6.62
11.51
48.75
59.60
56.84
60.30
54.39
56.39
119.36
10,075,500
26,130,000
17,539,000
7,175,200
14,497,000
14,321,833
19,185,000
16,949,700
16,772,600
13,924,000
16,807,000
55,609,883
58.29
54.88
55.79
52.49
55.96
57.14
50.31
55.67
56.27
56.62
54.85
1.51
0.90
0.97
1.03
1.11
0.53
0.64
0.62
0.64
0.71
0.62
0.46
15,130,000
23,608,000
17,084,000
7,368,000
16,150,000
7,667,500
12,357,000
10,540,700
10,784,300
9,808,000
10,337,000
25,832,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
479,211
484,000
473,500
475,900
476,000^
148.66
175.38
165.88
180.02
152.46
71,238,000
84,885,000
78,544,000
85,672,000
72,569,000
0.59
0.44
0.49
0.49
0.50
42,359.000
37,329,000
38,418,000
41,598,000
35,985,000
145
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Canada con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
177,423
290 84
51,602,057
_
0.23
11 697 000
-*- -A j \Jts 9 \J\J\J
1911
207,861
377.64
78,497,000
-
0.24
19,069,000
1912
198,200
403.71
80,016,000
0.24
18,924,000
1913
186,400
358.30
66,788,000
0.28
18,643,000
1914
175,000
394.30
69,003,000
0.27
18,934,000
Average 1910-13
192,000
360.55
69,226,000
0.25
17,083,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover. .1910
8,281,932
1.36
11,303,609
9.85
111,305,000
1911
8,617,251
1.62
13,989,000
11.64
162,846,000
1912
8,276,000
1.46
12,117,000
11.09
134,338,000
1913
8,169,000
1.33
10,859,000
11.48
124,696,000
1914
7,997,000
1.28
10,259,000
14.23
145,999,000
Average 1910-13
8,336,000
1.45
12,067,000
11.05
133,296,000
Fodder corn 1910
294,009
9.19
2,703.399
4.70
12,707,500
1911
294,238
9.08
2, 671 j 200
4.87
13,014,200
1912
299,390
10.15
3,037,500
4.93
14,977,000
1913
303,650
8.62
2,616,300
-
4.78
12,506,000
1914
317,000
10.25
3,251.480
-
4.91
15,949,700
Average .... 1910-13
298,000
9.25
2,757,000
4.83
13,305,000
Sugar beets 1910
17,045
11.03
188,000
5.83
1,096,000
1911
20,677
8.46
175,000
6.59
1,154,000
1912
18,900
10.63
201,000
-
5.00
1,005,000
1913
17,000
8.71
148,000
6.12
906,000
1914
12,100
8.98
108,600
5.99
651,000
Average 1910-13
18,000
9.89
178,000
-
5.84
1,040,000
Alfalfa.. .1910
56,818
2.07
117,601
10.16
1,195,340
1911
96,890
2.35
227,750
11.51
2,622,500
1912
100,660
2.84
285,700
12.00
3,429,000
1913
93,560
2.54
237,770
11.85
2,819,200
1914
90,315
2.42
218.360
-
14.17
3.095,600
Average 1910-13
87,000
2.49
217,000
-
11.60
2;517,000
Per
P. E. Island-
Bush.
Bush.
Bush.
Spring wheat .... 1910
28,721
17.45
501,295
60.00
0.96
481,000
1911
30,953
19.26
596,000
59.37
0.99
590,000
1912
32,000
18.39
582,000
58.93
0.96
559,000
1913
32,000
19.62
628.000
59.50
1.00
628,000
1914
32,000
25.28
809,000
57.51
1.04
841,000
Average 1910-13
31,000
18.61
577,000
59.45
0.98
565,000
Oats 1910
181.636
28.69
5,211,588
37 20
0.37
1,928,000
1911
179^068
29.80
5,336,000
34.73
0.43
2,294,000
1912
180,000
40.77
7,358,000
37.16
0.43
3,164,000
1913
180,000
34.13
6,143,000
36.35
0.37
2,273,000
1914
183,000
41.51
7,596,000
37.46
0.48
3,646,000
Average 1910-13
180,000
33.40
6,012,000
36.36
0.40
2,415,000
146
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver-
prfc e e Total
per Value "
< bush.
P. E. Island con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Barley. .
1910
4,878
23.46
114,430
48.32 0.57
65,000
1911
4,615
25.67
118,000
47.14 0.62
73,000
1912
5,000
32.04
145,000
47.75 0.65
94,000
1913
4,000
27.73
111,000
48.76 0.59
65,000
1914
3,800
31.25
119,000
47.33 0.64
76,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
4,600
26.52
122,000
47.991 0.61
74,000
Peas
1910
35
18.49
647
59.00
0.90
600
1911
86
20.00
2,000
56.75
1.17
2,300
1912
90
22.33
2,000
59.00 1.14
2;ooo
1913
80
20.25
1,600
58.25 1.69
3,000
1914
80
40.00
3,200
60.00 2.00
6,400
Average . . .
.1910-13
73
21.92
1,600
58.25 1.25
2,000
Buckwheat
1910
2,436
17.90
43,600
47.33 0.60
26.000
1911
2,765
26.75
74,000
47.78 0.61
45 .000
1912
2,700
36.83
100.000
46.55 0.64
64,000
1913
2,700
24.00
65,000
47.67 0.64
42,000
1914
2,600
32.91
86,000
47.33 0.70
60,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
2,650
26.79
71,000
47.33 0.62
44,000
Mixed grains
1910
6,559
34.66
227,374
44.73 0.40
91,000
1911
7,569
35.29
267,000
42.15 0.50 134,000
1912
7,700
45.83
355,000
44.35 0.49 174,000
1913
7,800
39.50
308,000
44.47 0.48 148.000
1914
7,860
45.75
360,000
46.04! 0.56 202,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
7,400
39.05
289,000
43.93 0.47 137,000
Potatoes
1910
30,607
137.30
4,202,525
0.33; 1,387,000
1911
30,642
182.15
5,581,000
0.36 2,009,000
1912
33,000
206.39
6,741,000
0.26 1,753,000
1913
32,000
194.33
6,219,000
0.28 1,741,000
1914
32,000
212.70
6,806,000
0.23: 1,565,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
31,600
179.94
5,686,000
0.30 1,723,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc
1910
6,523
458.80
2,992,784
0.18 1 539,000
1911
7,776
477.57
3,714,000
0.21 ; 780,000
1912
8,000
440.75
3,590,000
0.21 754,000
1913
8,000
503.04
4,024,000
0.24
966.000
1914
7,900
450.58
3,560,000
0.22 783,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
7,600
471.05
3,580,000
0.21 760,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover. .1910
215,083
1.21
260,294
8.30 2,160,000
1911
213,193
1.39
296,000
10.68 3,161,000
1912
194,000
1.28
248,000
11.64 2,884,000
1913
190,000
1.79
340,000
-
10.76 3,658,000
1914
192,000
1.74
334,000
13.04! 4,355,000
Average . . .
.1910-13
203,000
1.41
286,000
10.37 2,966,000
147
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
ton.
Total
Value.
P. E. Island con.
Fodder Corn. .1910
Acres.
191
283
300
300
270
270
2
85
90
90
70
12,152
13,409
13,000
13,000
12,000
12,900
96,177
101,010
100,000
101,500
101,800
99,700
5,348
5,551
5,000
5,000
4,800
5,200
349
315
300
300
280
300
106
210
200
200
190
180
Tons.
9.70
10.12
6.00
11.20
9.00
8.89
2.00
2-50
2.63
3.00
2.50
Bush.
18.29
21.05
20.19
20.50
21.87
20.08
30.92
29.24
32.53
32.42
34.00
30.05
26.59
25.77
27.22
26.89
28.72
27.12
15.37
16.00
16.40
27.00
17.67
19.33
17.66
23.40
25.50
33.25
22.23
25.56
Tons.
1,761
3,000
1,600
3,400
2,400
2,400
4
200
220
270
175
Bush.
222,285
282,000
265,000
267,000
262,000
259,000
2,973,769
2,454,000
3,267,000
3,291,000
3,461,000
2,996,000
142,223
143,000
143,000
134,000
138,000
141,000
5,367
5,000
5,000
8,000
5,000
5,800
1,873
5,000
5,000
6,700
4,200
4,600
Lb.
59.75
58.00
58.82
59.04
59.81
58.90
35.03
33.24
33.41
34.68
35.07
34.09
48.67
47.75
48.06
48.59
47.90
48.27
56.50
54.00
55.20
58.33
56.00
56.01
60.13
58.62
60.43
59.36
60.20
59.64
$
2.00
3.00
4.00
2.50
4.00
2.83
10.80
10.00
10.00
11.00
10.05
Per
Bush.
1.12
1.10
1.08
1.14
1.25
1.10
0.49
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.61
0.52
0.77
0.76
0.77
0.75
0.84
0.76
0.93
0.93
0.82
0.97
1.05
0.93
1.58
1.45
1.82
1.85
2.04
1.70
3,500
9,000
6,000
8,500
9,600
6,800
40
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,760
249,000
310,000
286,000
304,000
328,000
287,000
1,457,000
1,301,000
1,732,000
1,747,000
2,111,000
1,559,000
110,000
109,000
110,000
101,000
116,000
107,500
5,000
4,700
4,000
8,000
5,300
5,400
3,000
7,300
9,000
12,000
8,600
7,800
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average.... 1910-13
Alfalfa .1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Nova Scotia
Rnriner wheat .1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average. ...1910-13
Oats 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Barley 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Rye 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Peas 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
148
PRODUCTION
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops .
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Nova Scotia con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Beans 1910
730
16.78
12,251
59 60
2.29
28,000
1911
945
21.90
21,000
58.49
2.03
43,000
1912
900
26.95
24,000
59.73
2.51
60,000
1913
900
24.93
22,000
59.09
2.40
53,000
1914
840 22.00
18,500
59.77
2.99
55,000
Average 1910-13
870 22.76
19,800
59.23
2.32
46,000
Buckwheat 1910
9,536 21.60
206,005
47.85
0.64
132,000
1911
11,811 21.81
258,000
45.60
0.65
168,000
1912
11,000 26.27
296,000
47.72
0.65
192,000
1913
11,000 25.21
277,000
46.83
0.66
183,000
1914 10,000 25.94
259,000
48.05
0.72
186.000
Average 1910-13
10,800 23.98
259,000
47.00
0.65
169,000
Mixed grains 1910
2,420 32.38
78,369
44.32
0.60
47,000
1911
4,359
29.34
128,000
43.96
0.67i 86,000
1912
4,000 34.70
150,000
44.10
0.68 102,000
1913
4,000 35.65
143,000
43.35
0.65 93,000
1914
3,900 37.18
145,000
43.45
0.71 103,000
Average 1910-13
3,700
33.78
125,000
43.94
0.66 82,000
Corn for husking 1910
64
41.93
2,684
50.33
0.69
2,000
1911
137
35.00
5,000
54.66
0.66
3,300
1912
130
58.50
7,000
58,33
0.84
6,000
1913
100
27.50
3,000
55.00
0.69
2,000
1914
_
-
Average 1910-13
108
40.74
4,400
54.58
0.75
3,300
Potatoes 1910
30,802 ! 116.30
3,581,757
0.40
1,433,000
1911
30,686 183.83
5,641,000
-
0.50 2,821,000
1912
32,000 298.57
9,447,000
0.47 4,440,000
1913
32,000 167.79
5,369,000
0.52 2,792,000
1914] 32,500 220.45
7,165,000
0.49 3,511,000
Average 1910-13
31,400 191.40
6,010,000
0.48: 2,872,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910 9,526 365.15
3,478,442
0.26
904.000
1911 11,757 426.06
5,010,000
0.33 1,653 ,000
1912
12,000 475.54
5,606,000
0.34 1,906,000
1913
12,000 390.06
4,681,000
0.36: 1,685,000
1914
9,000 387,42
3,487,000
-
0.38 1,325,000
Average 1910-13
11,300 415.39
4,694,000
-
0.33
1,537,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover . . 1910
542,007
1.34
724,393
9.70
7,027,000
1911 528,838 1.71
904,000
11.77! 10,640,000
1912! 521,000 1.58
823 ,000
12.82: 10,545,000
1913
531,000 1.65
876,000
-
11.57
10,135,000
1914
518,000 1.89
979,000
14.50
14,196,000
Average 1910-13
531,000
1.57
832,000
^**
11.52
9,587,000
149
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
ton.
Total
Value.
Nova Scotia con.
Acres.
Tons.
Tons.
Lb.
$
$
Fodder corn 1910
561
9.28
5,205
_
6.33
33,000
1911
644
6.02
4,000
6.80
27,200
1912
600
8.58
5,300
5.00
27,000
1913
600
6.32
4,000
-
4.88
19,500
1914
520
7.67
4,000
6.00
24,000
Average 1910-13
600
7.67
4,600
5.87
27,000
Alfalfa. 1910
10
2.50
7
25
9.76
300
1911
31
3.00
100
10.00
1,000
1912
30
3.50
100
12.00
1,000
1913
30
3.75
100
14.00
1,400
1914
30
2.00
60
14.00
800
Average ....1910-13
25
3.20
80
11.56
Per
925
New Brunswick-
Spring wheat .... 1910
1911
13,384
13,897
Bush.
15.19
20.39
Bush.
203,355
283,000
59.56
59.75
Bush.
1.13
1.07
230,000
303,000
1912
13,000
18.11
236,000
56.62
0.75
177,000
1913
13,000
20.72
269,000
59.31
1.12
301,000
1914
12,600
18.57
234,000
59.70
1.30
304,000
Average . . . 1910-13
13,300
18.64
248,000
58.81
1.02
253,000
Oats 1910
201,140
27.51
5,538,796
36.00
0.45
2,492,000
1911
207,408
28.86
5,986,000
35.91
0.50
2,993,000
1912
195,000
28.81
5,607,000
34.23
0.53
2,972,000
1913
195,000
30.49
5,946,000
34.43
0.51
3,032,000
1914
200,000
32.44
6,488,000
35.48
0.59
3,828,000
Average . . . 1910-13
200,000
28.85
5,769,000
35.13
0.50
2,872,000
Barley 1910
2,603
21.80
56,758
48.78
0.67
38,000
1911
2,791
28.16
79,000
46.30
0.41
32,000
1912
2,700
27.42
74,000
46,88
0.66
49,000
1913
1914
2,500
2,400
29.64
26.81
74,000
64,000
48.21
47.95
0.69
1.14
51,000
73,000
Average . ..1910-13
2,650
26.79
71,000
47.54
0.61
43.000
Peas 1910
429
15.31
6,569
57.86
1.26
8,000
1911
701
24.00
17,000
59.15
1.39
24,000
1912
60C
16.14
10,000
53.88
1.53
15,000
1913
50C
21.30
11,000
59.46
1.49
16,000
1914
46C
20. 7C
10,000
i 59.85
1.36
14,000
Average .... 1910-13
56C
19.64
11,000
i 57.59
1.45
16,000
Beans 191C
1 25C
ISM
4,514
- 59.08
2.36
11,000
1911
see
21. U
8,000
I 58.42
2.33
19,000
191S
5 30C
19. 2
6,500
1 58.14
2.84
18,000
191J
5 3(X
14. 3c
4,30C
1 59.6
2.4e
11,000
191^
[ 29(
20.8$
6,OOC
) 59.5
2.8
17,300
Average . . . .1910-1^
} 30(
19. 3c
5,80C
\ 58.8
2.5
14,800
150
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Weight
Aver
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
per
meas
ured
age
price
per
Total
Value.
bush.
bush.
New Brunswick con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Buckwheat 1910
58,366
19.70
1,149,984
:47 94
53
609 000
1911
65,491
26.44
1,732,000
TL I t/ J
47.67
\j \ju
0.57
\J\J*J | \J\J\J
987,000
1912
64,000
24.36
1,563,000
47.14
0.62
969,000
1913
64,000
27.85
1,782,000
48.10
0.54
962,000
1914
63,800
26.43
1,686,000
47.76
0.61
1,028,000
Average.... 1910-13
63,000
24.71
1,557,000
47.71
0.57
882,000
Mixed grains. . .1910
724
28.21
20,426
46.15
0.57
12,000
1911
1,129
30.66
35,000
45.18
0.59
21,000
1912
1,000
27.36
28,000
43.67
0.73
21,000
1913
1,000
30.30
30,000
42.30
0.59
18,000
1914
950
30.33
29,000
40.92
0.65
19,000
Average ....1910-13
965
29.01
28,000
44.32
0.64
18,000
Corn for husking . 1910
63
24.92
1,524
_
0.97
1,500
1911
75
13.00
1,000
0.65
700
1912
60
12.00
700
_
1.00
700
1913
40
39.50
1,600
0.80
1,300
1914
_
__
_
Average 1910-13
60
20.00
1,200
-
0.88
1,050
Potatoes 1910
40,319
129 67
5 228 269
44
2 300 000
1911
41 \ 147
*- +*\J m \J I
214.49
" J **+^\J t **\J *-/
8,826,000
_
\J * m
0.52
^ j *j\j\j t \j\j\j
4,590,000
1912
43,000
174.64
7,558,000
0.42
3,174,000
1913
43,500
244.35
10,629,000
_
0.44
4,677,000
1914
43,900
239.96
10,534,000
0.40
4,214^000
Average.... 1910-13
42,000
191.90
8,060,000
0.46
3,685,000
Turnips, man
golds etc 1910
8,578
311.89
2,675,383
0.26
696,000
1911
9,748
416.49
4,060,000
-
0.34
1,380,000
1912
10,000
284.75
2,721,000
0.32
871,000
1913
9,000
371.73
3,346,000
0.38
1,271,000
1914
8,400
289.96
2,436,000
_
0.35
853,000
Average ....1910-13
9,300
344.19
3,201,000
0.33
1,055,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover . . 1910
625,911
1.07
669,528
8.56
5,731,000
1911
635,446
1.42
902,000
8.13
7,333,000
1912
602,000
1.48
891,000
-
10.12
9,018,000
1913
577,000
1.21
698,000
10.91
7,615,000
1914
571,000
1.36
777,000
_
12.47
9,689,000
Average ....1910-13
610,000
1.30
790,000
9.21
7,274,000
Fodder corn 1910
235
9.85
2,315
_
4.66
11,000
1911
215
8.25
2,000
4.00
8,000
1912
190
7.30
1,400
6.13
8,000
1913
150
11.00
1,700
3.00
5,000
1914
120
4.00
480
6.00
3,000
Average ....1910-13
200
9.25
1,850
4.32
8,000
151
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
1
Crops.
|
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
ton.
Total
Value.
New Brunswick con.
Acres.
Tons.
Tons.
Lb.
$
$
Alfalfa 1910
83
1.20
100
9.58
1,000
1911
116
3.00
450
10.00
4,500
1912
140
2.00
280
10.00
3,000
1913
140
3.00
400
12.00
4,800
1914
135
2.25
300
9.25
2,800
Average ....1910-13
120
2.58
310
-
10.64
3,300
Quebec
Bush.
Bush.
Per
Bush.
ftnrinff wheat .1910
61,143
68,999
14.85
17.73
907,991
1,223,000
59.71
59.36
1.20
1.18
1,090,000
1,443,000
1911
1912
60,000
16.17
974,000
57.96
1.18
1,149,000
1913
58,000
18.17
1,054,000
59.71
1.21
1,275,000
1914
55,000
18.00
990,000
59.65
1.35
1,337,000
Average .... 1910-13
62,000
16.77
1,040,000
59.19
1.19
1,239,000
Oats 1910
1,387,961
24.30
33,734,172
36.94
0.44
14,843,000
1911
1,430,209
26.22
37,500,000
35.65
0.53
19,875,000
1912
1,296,000
25.86
33,516,000
33.93
0.54
18,099,000
1913
1,303,000
29.95
39,025,000
36.85
0.48
18,732,000
1914
1,327,000
31.74
42,119,600
37.06
0.58
24,429,000
Average.... 1910-13
1,354,000
26.55
35,944,00(
35.84
0.50
17,887,000
Barlev 1910
101,728
99,762
23.38
22.76
2,378,371
2,271,000
48.17
47.71
0.71
0.78
1,689,000
1,771,000
1911
1912
94,000
23.69
2,226,000
46.95
0.79
1,759,000
1913
89,000
25.43 2,263,000
48.46
0.77
1,743,000
1914
85,000
26,601 2,261,000
48.98
0.86
1,944,000
Average .... 1910-13
96,000
23.80
2,285,000
47.82
0.76
1,741,000
Rve 1910
11,099
12,735
13.41
15.72
148,925
200,000
55.72
55.67
0.93
1.01
139,000
202,000
1911
1912
11,000
15.44
173,000
53.57
0.95
164,000
1913
10,000
15.60
156,000
54.56
1.06
165,000
1914
9,000
17.30
156,000
55.11
1.09
170,000
Average.... 1910-13
11,200
15. OS
169,000
54.88
0.99
168 ..000
Peas - 191C
1 30,302
, 14. 2^
432,095
57.37
1.23
531,000
1911
32,507
15.91
517,OOC
60.58
. 1.37
708,000
191^
> 30,OOC
I 15.11
449,OOC
53.90
, 2.02
911,000
1912
} 26,OOC
> 17.34
451,000
61.02
t 1.97
888,000
191^
I 24,000
) 18. (X
432, 000
) 61.62
; 2.3
> 1,015,000
Average . . . . 1910-1<
\ 30,0(X
) 15. 4(
462,000
) 58.24
[ l.Qi
, 760,000
Beans 19K
) 4,19*
> 18. 2f
> 76,58S
Z 59.8^
[ 1.95
151,000
191:
1 6,08
> 17. 1^
1 114,000
) 60.5-
1.97
225,000
1911
2 5,00(
) 15. 5<
) 84,OOK
) 57.31
2.5^
> 214,000
i9i:
5 5,(XX
) 19.
> 97,OOK
) 60. 1(
> 2.31
224,000
19L
1 4,70(
) 18.8
r 89,0(K
) 60.8
2.70
) 240,000
Average. . . .1910-1,
3 5,1(X
) 18.2;
5 93,CKX
) 59. 4 1 :
r 2.11
) 204,000
152
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Quebec con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Buckwheat 1910
124,220
18 87
2 468 479
47 74
66
1 629 000
-H_* V_7 f
* j J-\J\J ^E I \J
-L 1*1 J
\J \j\j
J. . \JJtJ * \J\J\J
1911
112,880
22.57
2,548,000
47.33
0.74
1,886,000
1912
117,000
26.44
3,094,000
47.27
0.73
2,259,000
1913
110,000
23.27
2,560,000
47.88
0.75
1,920,000
1914
102,000
24.28
2,477,000
48.60
0.83
2,056,000
Average.... 1910-13
116,000
23.00
2,668,000
47.56
0.72
1,924,000
Mixed grains. , .1910
94,237
23 26
2 192 770
46 16
61
i QQfi 000
AJU *J\J
**i t -L ./ fc^ 1 1 \.i
rtW JLV/
w * wJL
X * <J(J<_7 \J\J\J
1911
114,347
25.58
2,925,000
45.74
0.69
2,018,000
1912
104,000
26.74
2,783,000
44.21
0.67
1,864,000
1913
101,000
28.39
2,867,000
46.56
0.66
1,892,000
1914
99,000
30.00
2,970,000
46.95
0.77
2,287,000
Aver age.... 1910-13
103,000
26.13
2,692,000
45.67
0.66
1,778,000
Flax 1910
1,361
9.80
13,350
2 06
28 000
1911
1,146
11.31
13,000
53.81
^j . \/\j
1.71
A-\_7 \J\J\J
22,000
1912
900
9.66
9,000
53.07
1.76
15,000
1913
800
10.84
9,000
55.10
1.95
18,000
1914
700
11.70
8,200
54.48
1.93
16,000
Average .... 1910-13
1,050
10.47
11,000
53.99
1.89
20,800
Corn for husking 1910
18,802
30.60
575,360
56.34
0.90
518,000
1911
23,473
30.30
712,000
55.13
1.01
719,000
1912
19,000
24.47
476,000
55.71
1.03
490,000
1913
18,000
32.58
586,000
55.88
1.00
586,000
1914
17,000
30.24
514,000
56.65
1.08
555,000
Average .... 1910-13
19,800
29.65
587,000
55.77
0.99
578,000
Potatoes 1910
124,598
m78
15,547,671
44
6 841 000
t \j
\j < -i- -i.
\J * \J JL J_ \J\J\J
1911
124,381
126.73
15 763,000
0.67
10,561,000
1912
116,000
137.11
15,945,000
0.35
5,580,000
1913
116,000
176.76
20,504,000
0.46
9,432,000
1914
115,000
189.66
21,811,000
0.42
9,161,000
Aver age.... 1910-1 3
120,000
141 . 17
16,940,000
0.48
8,104,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
13,697
369 . 19
5,056,798
35
1,770,000
1911
13,543
291.18
3,943,000
0.37
1,459,000
1912
12,000
251.60
3,056,000
0.28
856,000
1913
11,000
298.56
3,284,000
0.36
1,182,000
1914
10,500
328.20
3,446,000
0.37
1,275,000
Average .... 1910-13
12,600
304.37
3,835,000
0.34
1,317,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hav and clover . . 1910
3,224,122
1.46
4,726,694
9.29
43,911,000
1911
3,294,230
1.90
6,260,000
10.17
63,664,000
1912
3,108,000
1.22
3,792,000
9.36
35,492,000
1913
3,014,000
1.35
4,069,000
-
12.08
49,154,000
1914
2,979,000
1.20
3,575,000
-
14.88
53,196,000
Average .... 1910-13
3,160,000
1.49
4,712,000
i
10.20
49,055,000
153
AGRICULTURE
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
t
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
ton.
Total
Value.
Quebec con.
Fodder corn 1910
Acres.
41,082
37,155
34,000
34,000
33,000
36,600
4,044
3,634
3,500
3,000
2,950
3,500
759,916
832,889
735,000
739,000
727,400
767,000
110,439
135,538
120,000
111,000
107,000
119,000
870,355
968,427
855,000
850,000
834,400
886,000
2,871,288
2,806,203
2,785,000
2,814,000
2,840,000
2,819,000
503,129
519,967
512,000
485,000
461,000
505,000
Tons.
9.17
8.75
7.38
7.50
7.18
8.28
1.61
3.75
2.75
2.11
2.06
2.57
Bush.
23.50
20.95
20.63
23.91
21.51
22.21
17.92
17.25
18.77
19.66
18.80
18.39
22.80
20.43
20.38
23.35
21.16
21.70
30.97
30.24
34,85
37.37
35.00
33.35
27.93
26.39
29.49
30.08
30.34
28.45
Tons.
377,014
325,000
254,000
255,000
237,000
303,000
6,520
14,000
9,700
6,300
6,000
9,000
Bush.
17,863,306
17,449,000
15,163,000
17,669,000
15,646,000
17,036,000
1,979,325
2,338,000
2,258,000
2,182,000
2,012,000
2,189,000
19,842,631
19,787,000
17,421,000
19,851,000
17,658,000
19,225,000
88,946,041
84,860,000
97,053,000
105,159,000
99,400,000
94,005,000
14,055,327
13,722,000
15,093,000
14,589,000
13,987,000
14,365,000
Lb.
59.94
61.61
60.53
60.16
59,77
60.56
59.87
58.33
57,93
59.33
59.05
58.87
59.93
61.22
60.19
60.07
59.50
60.35
34.92
31.57
34.38
34.08
34.07
33.74
47.89
46,18
47.45
48.08
47.83
47.40
$
4.77
4.80
3.79
5.20
6.40
4.66
7.45
9.63
9.00
8.30
13.43
9.00
Per
Bush.
0.88
0.87
0.92
0.85
1.08
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.88
0.86
1.07
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.91
0.85
1.07
0.88
0.36
0.45
0.41
0.38
0.49
0.40
0.53
0.70
0.61
0.56
0.64
0.60
$
1,798,000
1,560,000
962,000
1,326,000
1,517,000
1,412,000
49,000
135,000
87,000
52,000
81,000
81,000
15,720,000
15,180,000
13,950,000
15,019,000
16,898,000
14,967,000
1,762,000
2,104,000
1,987,000
1,877,000
2,153,000
1,933,000
17,482,000
17,284,000
15,937,000
16,896,000
19,051,000
16,900,000
32,021,000
38,187,000
39,792,000
39,960,000
48,706,000
37,490,000
7,449,000
9,605,000
9,207,000
8,170,000
8,952,000
8,608,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Alfalfa. .1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Ontario-
Fall wheat 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
. Average 1910-13
Spring wheat .... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
All wheat 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Oats.. .1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Barley . . 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
154
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Ontario con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
- $
Rye. 1910
92,731
13.29
1.232.493
55.92
0.66
813,000
1911
96,751
17.86 1,728,000
55.00
0.78
1,348,000
1912
93,000
18.38! 1,711,000
55.70
0.75
1,283,000
1913
85,000
18.43 1,567,000
55.76
0.69
1,081,000
1914
78,000
17.19 1,341,000
55.47
0.85
1,140,000
Average 1910-13
92,000
16.96 1,560,000
55.60
0.73
1,131,000
Peas 1910
321,996
13.38
4311 133
59.92
0.83
3.578.000
1911
258,461
15.69 4,055,000
55.35
0.97 3,933,000
1912
226,000
14.95 3,374,000
58.95
1.16 3,914,000
1913
190,000
18.06 3,431,000
59.31
0.99 3,397,000
1914
179,000
16.00 2,864,000
59.88
1.32 3,780,000
Average 1910-13
249,000
15.23| 3,793,000
58.38
0.98
3,706,000
Beans 1910
40,626
17 80 726.955
60.08
1.67 1,214,000
1911
45,130
19.40 876,000
59.48
1.91 1,673,000
1912
46,000
17.57 801,000
61.27
2.13 1,706,000
1913
40,000
16.74 670,000
59.17
1.79
1,199,000
1914
38,000
18.00 684,000
59.88
2.24 1,532,000
Average 1910-13
43,000
17.86) 768,000
60.00
1.89
1,448,000
Buckwheat 1910
167 313
19 91 3 332,216
48.05
0.51
1,699,000
1911
X \_7 1 U JL U
178,613
21.44 3,829,000
47.18
0.61
2,336,000
1912
204,000
26.74
5,464,000
48.29
0.56
3,060,000
1913
193,000
19.11
3,688,000
47.46
0.60
2,213,000
1914
176,000
23.40
4,118,000
47.83
0.70
2,883,000
Average 1910-13
186,000
22.19 4; 128,000
47.75
0.56
2,327,000
Mixed grains 1910
323 329
32 75
10,590,756
44 67
0.49
5,189,000
1911
\J ** J * T./*W 1
389,366
31.04
12,086,000
43.17
0.59
7,131,000
1912
371,000
36.54! 13;556,000
46.96
0.58 7,862,000
1913
352,000
34.37 12,098,000
43.53
0.53
6,412,000
1914
344,000
36.66 12,611,000
44.58
0.63
7,945,000
Average 1910-13
359,000 33.65
12,083,000
44.58
0.55
6,649,000
Flax.... ..1910
8,780 9.43
82,901
_
1.64
136,000
1911
8,790 14.06
124,000
52.25
1.89
234,000
1912
9,000 16.70
143,000
52.82
1.62
231,000
1913
7,000 23.38
164,000
53.56
1.39
228,000
1914
5,300 15.76
84,000
55.78
1.70
143,000
Average 1910-13
8,400 15.23
128,000
52.88
1.62
207,000
Corn for husking.. 1910
274,846 49.99 13,742,265
58.46
0.52
7,146,000
1911
298,190
61.93
18,467,000
55.47
0.63 11,634,000
1912
279,000
59.06
16,466,000
55.50
0.61 10,044,000
1913
260,000 62.24
16,182,000
56.75
0.63 10,195,000
1914
239,000 56.11
13,410,000
56.22
0.69
9,253,000
Average 1910-lc
278,000 58.32
1
16,214,000
56.55
0.60
9,755,000
155
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Yield.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Ontario con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Potatoes 1910
158,363
109.21
17,295,370
._
0.46
7,956,000
1911
156,990
102. 19
16,043,000
0.80
12,834,000
1912
158,000
143.90
22,690,000
0.59
13,387,000
1913
152,000
119.11
18,105,000
0.65
11,768,000
1914
154,000
167.35
25,772,000
0.47
12,113,000
Average 1910-13
156,000
118.80
18,533,000
0.62
11,486,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
132,526
267.92
35,505,868
_
0.20
7,101,000
1911
138,735
384.00
53,274,000
0.19
10,122,000
1912
130,000
436.25
56,795,000
0.19
10,791,000
1913
121,000
362.94
43,916,000
-
0.22
9,662,000
1914
114,000
430.31
49,055,000
0.21
10,302,000
Average.... 1910-13
131,000
361.63
47,373,000
0.20
9,419,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and Clover.. 1910
3,216,154
1.37
4,418,456
10.21
45,112,000
1911
3,445,907
1.37
4,721,000
13.99
66,047,000
1912
3,337,000
1.Q2
5,406,000
12.04
65,088,000
1913
3,312,000
1.19
3,941,000
11.07
43,627,000
1914
3,171,000
1.14
3,615,000
-
14.91
53,900,000
Average.... 1910-13
3,328,000
1.39
4,622,000
11.89
54,969,000
Fodder corn 1910
245,048
9.37
2,296,841
_
4.67
10,726,000
1911
243,497
9.23
2,247,000
4.73
10,628,000
1912
251,000
10.70
2,685,000
4.84
12,997,000
1913
255,000
8.81
2,247,000
-
4.56
10,246,000
1914
267,000
10.95
2,924,000
4.72
13,801,000
Average.... 1910-13
249,000
9.51
2,369,000
4.71
11,149,000
Sugar beets 1910
15,966
11.40
182,124
_
5.86
1,067,000
1911
18,882
8.53
161,000
6.73
1,084,000
1912
17,000
11.16
188,000
5.00
938,000
1913
15,000
9.23
138,000
6.20
856,000
1914
12,000
9.00
108,000
6.00
648,000
Average.... 1910-13
17,000
9.82
167,000
5.90
986,000
Alfalfa 1910
45,625
2.10
95,138
_
9.65
918,000
1911
75,000
2.03
152,000
11.08
1,684,000
1912
76,000
2.76
211,000
-
11.75
2,478,000
1913
69,000
2.32
160,000
12.03
1,925,000
1914
61,000
2.26
138,000
15.01
2,071,000
Average.... 1910-13
66,000
2.35
155,000
11.30
1,751,000
Per
Manitoba-
Bush.
Bush.
Bush.
Fall wheat 1910
4,553
18.92
86,176
0.83
72,000
1911
7
13,291
28.56
380,000
59.66
0.67
255,000
1912
15,000
22.22
333,000
59.13
0.67
223,000
1913
19,000
20.44
388,000
61.50
0.69
268,000
1914
15,000
16.00
240,000
59.50
0.89
214,000
Average .... 1910-13
13,000
22.85
297,000
60.10
0.69
205,000
156
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Manitoba con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Spring wheat. . . .1910
2,755,818
12.35
34,039,773
59.74
0.80
27,232,000
1911
3,081,542
20.22
62,309,000
59.14
0.67
41,747,000
1912
2,824,000
22.20
62,684,000
60.77
0.67
41,998,000
1913
2,785,000
19.01
52,943,000
60.83
0.71
37,590,000
1914
2,601,000
14.75
38,365,000
59.39
1.01
38,749,COO
Average .... 1910-13
2,862,000
18.51
52,994,000
60.12
0.71
37,142,000
All wheat 1910
2,760,371
12.36
34,125,949
0.80
27,304,000
1911
3,094,833
22 56
62,689,000
59.14
0.67
42 ,002,000
1912
2,839,000
22.20
63,017,000
60.76
0.67
42,221,000
1913
2,804,000
19.02
53,331,000
60.83
0.71
37,858,000
1914
2,616,000
14.84
38,605,000
59.39
1.01
38,963,000
Average .... 1910-13
2,875,000
18.54
53,291,000
60.24
0.70
37,346,000
Oats 19ir
1,209,17?
25.12
30,378,379
34.94
0.31
9,417,000
1911
1,307,434
45.92
60,037,000
35.51
0.32
19,212,000
1912
1,348,000
42.40
57,154,000
35.63
0.28
16,003,000
1913
1,398,000
40.60
56,759,000
36.32
0.28
15,893,000
1914
1,331,000
28.25
31,951,000
34.21
0.48
15,336,000
Average .... 1910-13
1,316,000
38.82
51,082,000
35.60
0.30
15,131,000
Barley 1910
416,016
15.64
6,506,634
46 61
0.39
2,538,000
1911
448,105
33.36
14,949,000
47,75
0.48
7,176,000
1912
481,000
32.92
15,826,000
47.47
0.37
5,855,000
1913
496,000
28.84
14,305,000
47.57
0.34
4,864,000
1914
468,000
21.00
9,828,000
46.00
0.55
5,405,000
Average .... 1910-13
460,000
28.04
12,897,000
47.35
0.40
5,108,000
Rve 1910
2,738
10.66
29,205
52.00
0.71
21,000
1911
4,725
22.00
104,000
0.70
73,000
1912
5,000
21.00
105,000
0.58
61,000
1913
5,000
20.64
103,000
60.00
0.58
60,000
1914
5,000
20.00
100,000
57.00
0.90
90,000
Average 1910-13
4,400
19.32
85,000
56,00
0.64
54,000
Peas 1910
298
16.31
4,863
48.00
0.60
3,000
1911
414
22.00
9,000
1.26
11,000
1912
400
25.00
10,000
1.50
15,000
1913
1914
_
Average 1910-13
370
21.62
8,000
48.00
1.21
9,700
Mixed grains .... 1910
473
18.54
8,772
0.44
4,000
1911
1,541
35.00
54,000
0.44
24,000
1912
1,500
45.00
68,000
0.45
31,000
1913
1,500
27.17
41,000
0.29
12,000
1914
1,490
20.25
30,000
0.48
14,400
Average .... 1910-13
1,300
33.08
43,000
"
0.42
18,000
157
AGRICULTURE
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Manitoba con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Flax 1910
34,684
5.09
176,675
55.00
2 09
369,000
1911
79,765
14.44
1,152,000
55.31
1.76
2,028^00
1912
100,000
12.49
1,252,000
55.76
1.04
1,302,000
1913
54,000
11.70
632,000
56.16
1.05
664,000
1914
40,000
8.44
338,000
55.41
1.10
372,000
Average .... 1910-13
67,000
11.99
803,000
55.56
1.36
1,091,000
Potatoes 1910
26,210
109.34
2,865,839
0.54
1,548,000
1911
26,488
207.35
5,490,000
0.42
2,306,000
1912
27,000
231.55
6,182,000
0.35
2.164,000
1913
26,000
196.93
5,120,000
0.36
1,843,000
1914
26,900
117.91
3,172,000
0.72
2,284,000
Average.... 1910-13
26,400
186.13
4,914,000
0.40
1,965,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
2,008
247.35
496,674
_
0.44
219,000
1911
4,167
325.46
1,356,000
-
0.38
515,000
1912
4,000
354.20
1,451,000
0.38
551,009
1913
4,000
252.80
1,011,000
_
0.41
415,000
1914
3,900
268.50
1,047,000
0.54
565,000
Average .... 1910-13
3,500
308.29
1,079,000
0.39
425,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover. .1910
137,671
0.91
124,954
10.21
1,276,000
1911
153.372
1.66
255,000
9.54
2,433,000
1912
151,000
1.71
259,000
9.40
2,434,000
1913
162,000
1.48
240,000
-
8.64
2,074,000
1914
162,000
1.24
201,000
-
9.12
1,833,000
Average .... 1910-13
151,000
1.46
220,000
9.34
2,054,000
Fodder corn 1910
4,603
3.08
14,158
6.64
94,000
1911
7
9,919
7.71
76,000
9.00
684,000
1912
11,000
7.68
84,000
11.00
924,000
1913
11,000
8.09
89,000
-
8.50
757,000
1914
13,000
5.55
72,000
7.60
547,000
Average 1910-13
9,100
7.25
66,000
9.32
615,000
Alfalfa.. .1910
539
1.07
569
12.87
7,000
1911
3,324
2.00
7,000
12.00
84,000
1912
3,500
2.73
9,400
9.20
86,000
1913
4,000
2.82
11,000
-
10.67
117,000
1914
4,500
2.04
9,000
-
13.21
119,000
Average.... 1910-13
2,800
2.50
7,000
10.57
74,000
158
PRODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Saskatchewan
Fall wheat 1910
Acres.
1 230
Bush.
11 66
Bush.
14,343
Lb.
$
76
$
11,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Spring wheat 1910
2,638
3,000
4,000
4,300
2,700
4 226 992
22.00
21.56
23.57
15.50
21.48
15 84
58,000
65,000
94,000
67,000
58,000
66,964,653
59.00
59.50
59.78
60.33
59.43
59 60
0.58
0.76
0.71
0.99
0.69
69
34,000
49,000
67,000
66,000
40,000
46,206,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
All wheat 1910
5,253,836
5,579,000
5,716,000
5,344,000
5,194,000
4 228 222
20.75
19.16
21.35
13.74
19.46
15 84
109,017,000
106,895,000
121,465,000
73,427,000
101,085,000
66,978,996
59.98
59.63
61.23
59.04
60.11
0.58
0.56
0.64
1.48
0.61
69
63,230,000
59,861,000
77,738,000
108,672,000
61,759,000
46,217,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Oats 1910
5,256,474
5,582,000
5,720,000
5,348,300
5,197,000
1 888 359
20.75
19.16
21.25
13.74
19.46
31 20
109,075,000
106,960,000
121,559,000
73,494,000
101,143,000
58,922,791
59.98
59.63
61.23
59.07
60.28
36.27
0.58
0.56
0.64
1.48
0.61
29
63,264,000
59,910,000
77,805,000
108,738,000
61,799,000
17,088,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Barley 1910
2,332,912
2,556,000
2,755,000
2,520,000
2,383,000
12P 621
46.12
45.99
41.42
24.53
41.77
23 61
107,594,000
117,537,000
114,112,000
61,816,000
99,541,000
3,061,007
35.69
36.64
37.78
33.71
36.59
46.59
0.29
0.23
0.25
0.45
0.26
36
31,202,000
27,033,000
28,528,000
27,817,000
25,963,000
1,102,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Rye 1910
273,988
292,000
332,000
290,000
257,000
754
31.61
32.87
31.39
16.90
30.88
15 43
8,661,000
9,595,000
10,421,000
4,901,000
7,935,000
11,639
46.52
48.15
48.86
43.87
47.53
54.66
0.47
0.33
0.30
0.50
0.36
0.50
4,071,000
3,166,000
3,126,000
2,451,000
2,866,000
6,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Peas 1910
2,271
2,700
3,000
2,600
2,200
236
27.00
21.00
22.67
20.90
22.27
11 06
61,000
57,000
68,000
54,000
49,400
2,612
58.50
54.66
0.53
0.56
0.40
0.67
0.49
1.27
32,000
32,000
27,000
36,000
24,000
3,300
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
389
400
400
360
20.00
28.00
17.50
20.00
8,000
11,000
7,000
7,200
-
1.10
1.00
0.85
1.01
9,000
11,000
6,000
7,300
159
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Saskatchewan con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Mixed grains 1910
637
14.07
8,967
0.53
5,000
1911
1,876
35.00
66,000
0.53
35,000
1912
2,000
36.40
73,000
0.60
44,000
1913
2,000
38.40
77,000
-
0.40
31,000
1914
1,900
15.50
29,500
0.51
15,000
Average.... 1910-13
1,600
35.00
56,000
0.52
29,000
Flax . . 1910
506,425
7.68
3,893,160
55.24
2.08
8,098,000
1911
682,000
11.25
7,672,500
53.89
1.50
11,509,000
1912
1,780,000
12.94
23,033,000
55.32
0.89
20,503,000
1913
1,386,000
11.24
15,579,000
56.04
0.95
14,800,000
1914
958,000
6.40
6,131,000
51.02
1.01
6,192,000
Average.... 1910-13
1,089,000
11.51
12,544,000
55.12
1.09
13,728,000
Potatoes 1910
24,046
121.32
2,917,340
0.59
1,721,000
1911
30,040
183.43
5,510,000
0.51
7 7
2,810,000
1912
31,000
209.70
6,552,000
0.40
2,621,000
1913
31,000
165.74
5,138,000
0.47
2,415,000
1914
30,600
133.51
4,085,000
1.05
4,289,000
Average.... 1910-13
29,000
173.41
5,029,000
0.48
2,392,000
i
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
990
177.21
175,436
_
0.43
75,000
1911
13,907
285.25
3,966,000
0.43
1,705,000
1912
14,000
304.47
4,165,000
0.42
1,749,000
1913
13,000
254.24
3,305,000
0.50
1,653,000
1914
12,900
248.91
3,211,000
0.71
2,280,000
Average.... 1910-13
10,900
266.32
2,903,000
0.45
1,296,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover . . 1910
37,694
1.19
45,129
9.56
431,000
1911
47,720
1.50
72,000
9.73
701,000
1912
53,000
1.70
90,000
7.71
693,000
1913
62,000
1.84
114,000
7.38
841,000
1914
70,000
1.74
122,000
6.84
834,000
Average.... 1910-13
50,000
1.60
80,000
8.34
667,000
Fodder corn . . . .191C
675
1.44
977
_
6.34
6,000
1911
1,357
7.00
9,500
6.50
62,000
1912
1,300
1.50
2,000
8.00
16,000
1913
1,600
7.00
11,000
-
8.00
88,000
1914
1,900
3.66
7,000
3.50
24,500
Average.. . .1910-13
1,200
5.00
6,000
7.17
43,000
Alfalfa.. ..1910
182
1.09
199
_
13.55
3,000
1911
1,168
1.50
2,000
13.00
26,000
1912
1,400
2.19
3,000
-
11.66
35,000
1913
1,600
2.27
3,700
15.25
56,000
1914
1,800
2.59
5,000
15.00
75,000
Average... .1910-13
1,100
2.00
2,200
13.63
30,000
160
PB.ODUCTION.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Alberta
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Fall wheat 1910
204,636
11.35
2,323,530
60.48
0.72
1,673,000
1911
305,788
25.28
7,730,000
59.46
0.75
5,798,000
1912
212,000
21.83
4,628,000
59.63
0.59
2,731,000
1913
202,000
21.00
4,242,000
60.96
0.62
2,630,000
1914
221,100
21.30
4,709,000
58.26
0.94
4,426,000
Average.... 1910-13
231,000
20.48
4,731,000
60.13
0.68
3,208,000
Spring wheat .... 1910
674,665
9.98
6,736,680
59.64
0.68
4,581,000
1911
1,334,186
21.64
28,872,000
58.90
0.58
16,746,000
1912
1,378,000
21.54
29,675,000
58.01
0.53
15,728,000
1913
1,310,000
23.00
30,130,000
61.12
0.61
18,379,000
1914
1,150,000
21.00
24,150,000
60.75
0.91
21,977,000
Average.... 1910-13
1,174,000
20.31
23,853,000
59.42
0.58
13,859,000
All wheat 1910
879,301
10.30
9,060,210
59.86
0.69
6,254,000
1911
1.639,974
22.32
36,602,000
59.02
0.62
22,544^00
1912
1,590,000
21.57
34,303,000
58.23
0.54
18,459,000
1913
1,512,000
22.73
34,372,000
61.10
0.61
21,009,000
1914
1,371,100
21.05
28,859,000
60.17
0.91
26,403,000
Average 1910-13
1,405,000
20.34
28,584,000
59.55
0.60
17,067,000
Oats.. ...1910
783,072
20.56
16,099,223
38.05
0.32
5,152,000
1911
1, 221,217
48.34
59,034,000
37.34
0.28
16,530,000
1912
1,461,000
46.30
67,630,000
38.94
0.24
16,231,000
1913
1,639,000
43.65
71,542,000
38.67
0.24
17,170,000
1914
1,502,000
38.00
57,076,000
38.01
0.42
23,972,000
Average.... 1910-13
1,276,000
41.99
53,576,000
38.25
0.26
13,771,000
Barley.. ....1910
121,435
20.42
2,480,165
47.92
0.38
942,000
1911
164,132
26.54
4,356,000
46.84
0.41
1,786,000
1912
187,000
33.05
6,179,000
48.12
0.33
2,039,0 JO
1913
197,000
32.15
6,334,000
49.00
0.31
1,964,000
1914
178,000
27.00
4,806,000
48.47
0.51
2,451,000
Average.... 1910-13
167,000
28.96
4,837,000
47.99
0.35
1,683,000
Rye . . 1910
6,672
16.33
109,006
56.22
0.56
61,000
1911
14,443
27.30
394,000
55.27
0.61
240,000
1912
15,000
25.56
377,000
54.00
0.56
211,000
1913
16,000
24.89
398,000
57.07
0.46
183,000
1914
16,400
22.00
360,800
55.83
0.66
238,000
Average.... 1910-13
13,000
24.62
320,000
55.64
0.54
174,000
Peas 1910
287
15.23
4,371
_^
1.29
7,000
1911
493
16.00
8,000
1.10
9,000
1912
460
18.50
9,000
0.93
8,400
1913
500
17.00
8,500
0.85
7,000
1914
470
17.25
8,100
58.66
1.47
12,000
Average.... 1910-13
435
17.24
7,500
^*
1.05
7,900
161
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
Alberta con.
Acres.
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Mixed grains 1910
1,798
20.33
36,556
47
17 000
V ^X 1
j. i i \j\j\j
1911
2,789
30.00
84,000
0.42
35,000
1912
2,800
34.50
97,000
0.40
39,000
1913
2,000
36.67
73,000
0.34
25,000
1914
1,800
40.00
72,000
0.47
34,000
Average .... 1910-13
2,300
31.73
73,000
-
0.40
29,000
Flax 1910
31 076
2.53
78,480
54 93
1.87
147,000
1911
107,171
10.39
1,114,000
53.43
1.20
1,337,000
1912
132,000
12.83
1,693,000
54.76
0.92
1,557,000
1913
105,000
11.00
1,155,000
56.26
1.19
1,374,000
1914
80,000
7.67
614,000
55.78
1.05
645,000
Average .... 1910-13
94,000
10.74
1,010,000
54.85
1.09
1,104,000
Potatoes 1910
20,086
116.49
2,339,901
0.64
1,498,000
1911
23,863
193.03
4,606,000
-
0.42
1,935,000
1912
27,000
211.64
5,775,000
-
0.39
2,252,000
1913
26,000
167.32
4,350,000
-
0.39
1,697,000
1914
26,300
138.86
3,652,000
0.65
2,374,000
Average.... 1910-13
24,000
177.83
4,268,000
-
0.43
1,846,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
1,333
177.18
236,178
0.47
111,000
1911
4,828
300.61
1,451,000
-
0.29
421,000
1912
5,000
260.98
1,281,000
-
0.57
730,000
1913
5,000
246.77
1,234,000
0.50
617,000
1914
4,900
255.53
1,252,000
-
0.60
751,000
Average .... 1910-13
4,000
262.75
1,051,000
-
0.45
470,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hav and clover. . 1910
149,973
0.84
125,662
-
14.58
1,832,000
1911
162,411
1.66
270.000
-
12.24
3,305,000
1912
171,000
1.70
291,000
-
9.09
2,644,000
1913
176,000
1.56
275,000
-
8.69
2,390,000
1914
176,000
1.73
304,000
-
8.31
2,526,000
Average .... 1910-13
165,000
1.45
240,000
10.60
2,543,000
Fodder corn 1910
1,259
1.89
2,392
7.53
18,000
1911
739
1.95
1,400
-
8.00
11,000
1912
600
2.00
1,200
-
8.50
10,000
1913
600
3.70
2,200
-
9.00
20,000
1914
800
2.00
1,600
-
3.50
5,600
Average .... 1910-13
800
2.25
1,800
8.33
15,000
Sugar beets 1910
1,079
5.45
5,876
5.00
29,000
1911
1,795
8.00
14,000
5.00
70,000
1912
1,900
7.00
13,000
5.00
67,000
1913
2,000
5.00
10,000
~
5.00
50,000
1914
100
6.00
600
- ;
5.00
3,000
Average 1910-13
1,700
6.47
11,000
4.91
54,000
162
PRODUCTION.
I. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 con.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Ayer-
age
price
per
ton.
Total
Value.
Alberta con.
Alfalfa 1910
Acres.
2,592
Tons.
1.98
Tons.
5 133
Lb.
15 94
$
82 000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average. ...1910-13
British Columbia-
Fall wheat 1910
7,890
9,300
9,000
ll ,400
7,200
4,369
2.62
2.56
2.77
2.77
2.64
Bush.
28 55
21,000
24,000
25,000
32,000
19,000
Bush.
96 197
-
12.00
10.70
8.25
11.41
10.47
Per
Bush.
91
252,000
256,000
206,000
365,000
199,000
88 000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
Spring wheat 1910
6,599
6,000
6,000
5,500
5,700
5,133
29.81
33.00
33.14
31.82
30.35
21.40
197,000
198,000
199,000
175,000
173,000
109,873
61.00
58.50
59.25
60.00
59.58
0.97
1.03
1.01
1.22
0.99
1.23
191,000
204,000
201,000
214,000
171,000
135,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average .... 1910-13
All wheat 1910
7,108
6,700
7,000
7,000
6,500
9,492
26.73
30.33
26.67
27.77
26.61
21.70
190,000
203,000
187,000
194,000
173,000
206,070
57.20
60.25
60.00
59.50
59.15
1.01
0.93
0.99
1.23
1.01
1.08
192,000
188,000
185,000
239,000
175,000
223,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average.... 1910-13
Oats 1910
13,707
12,700
13,000
12,500
12,200
33,209
28.23
31.57
29.69
29.52
28.27
51.24
387,000
401,000
386,000
369,000
345,000
1,701,533
59.13
59.39
59.61
59.74
59.38
0.99
0.98
1.00
1.23
1.00
0.59
383,000
392,000
386,000
453,000
346,000
1,004,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average.... 191 0-13
Barley 1910
45,299
45,000
48,500
56,700
43,000
1,853
52.50
56.00
55.50
55.93
53.95
27.79
2,378,000
2,507,000
2,692,000
3,171,000
2,320,000
51,509
35.46
35.00
40.83
35.63
37.10
0.57
0.51
0.58
0.62
0.56
0.83
1,355,000
1,278,000
1,561,000
1,966,000
1,300,000
43,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
Peas 1910
2,783
2,600
2,500
2,600
2,400
1,572
41.66
45.33
35.25
37.29
38.75
27.97
116,000
117,000
88,000
97,000
93,000
43,979
50.50
48.00
48.00
48.83
48.83
0.70
0.64
0.68
0.92
0.70
0.99
81,000
75,000
60,000
89,000
65,000
44,000
1911
1912
1913
1914
Average 1910-13
1,489
1,400
1,300
1,350
1,440
30.25
30.66
26.67
30.00
30.55
45,000
43,000
35,000
41,000
44,000
62.50
62.50
63.00
60.00
62.66
1.40
1.38
1.50
1.45
1.25
63,000
59,000
53,000
59,000
54,800
163
AGRICULTURE.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of principal Field Crops in Canada,
1910-1914 concluded.
Crops.
Area.
Yield
per
acre.
Total
Yield.
Weight
per
meas
ured
bush.
Aver
age
price
per
bush.
Total
Value.
British Columbia con. Acres
Bush.
Bush.
Lb.
$
$
Beans 1910
347
15.40
5,346
2.50
13,000
1911
390
20.00
7,800
2.40
19,000
1912
360
13.00
5,000
-
2.00
10,000
1913
400
19.00
7,600
2.40
18,000
1914
_
_
._.
Average .... 1910-13
375
17.07
6,400
-
2.34
15,000
Mixed grains 1910
526
24.33
12,802
0.84
11,000
1911 2,248 30.00
67,000
-
0.70
47,000
1912 2,500 35.00
88,000
-
0.65
57,000
1913| 2,500 62.00
155,000
0.35
54,000
1914 2,400 56.67
136,000
48.00
1.03
140,000
Average .... 1910-13 2,000 40 . 50
81,000
0.52
42,000
Potatoes 1910
10,872; 150.03
1,631,211
0.74
1,148,000
1911 14,974 252.31
3,778,000
-
0.66
2,493,000
1912| 17,000 233.15
3,995,000
-
0.49
1,958,000
1913 15,000! 207.30
3,110,000
-
0.66
2,053,000
1914
14,700 182.00
2,675,000
0.78
2,087,000
Average.... 1910-13
14,500 215.79
3,129,000
-
0.61
1,913,000
Turnips, mangolds,
etc 1910
2,239 ; 439.70
984,494
-
0.29
282,000
1911
3,400 506.65
1,723,000
0.60
1,034,000
1912 3,200 415.90
1,351,000
0.53
716,000
1913 3,400; 584.35
1,987,000
-
0.60
1,192,000
1914 3,500 431.00
1,509,000
0.53
800,000
Average 1910-13
3,100 487.42
1,511,000
-
0.53
806,000
Per
Tons.
Tons.
Ton.
Hay and clover. .1910
133,317
1.56
208,499
-
18.34
3,825,000
1911
136,134
2.27
309,000
-
18.00
5,562,000
1912
139^00
2.28
317,000
-
17.45
5,540,000
1913
145,000
2.11
306,000
-
17.00
5,202,000
1914
158,000
2.23
352,000
-
15.54
5,470,000
Average 1910-13
138,000 2.07
285,000
-
17.65
5,032,000
Fodder corn 1910
355
7.70
2,736
6.46
18,000
1911
429
7.69
3,300
-
7.50
25,000
1912
400
7.50
3.000
9.00
27,000
1913
400
7.50
3; ooo
-
12.00
36,000
1914
390
8.00
3,000
6.00
18,000
Average.... 1910-1 3
400
7.50
3,000
9.00
27,000
Alfalfa 1910
3,741
2.64
9,903
13.58
135,000
1911
5,642
5.50
31,000
14.00
434,000
1912! 6,700| 4.20
28,000
17.00
481,000
1913
6,700 4.60
31,000
14.66
454,000
1914
8,500 3.33
28 .000
13.60
381,000
Average 1910-13
5,700 4.3$ 25,000
15.04
376,000
164
PRODUCTION.
2. Areas and Yields of Wheat, Oats and Barley in the Northwest Provinces,
1910-11-12-13-14.
Provinces.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Average
1910-13.
N. W. provinces-
Wheat
Acres.
7,867,423
3,880,606
667,071
2,759,445
1,209,173
416,015
4,228,222
1,888,359
129,621
879,756
783,074
121,435
Bush.
110,166,704
106,163,510
12,057,806
34,127,498
30,346,879
6,516,634
66,978,996
58,922,791
3,061,007
9,060,210
16,893,840
2,480,165
Acres.
9,990,461
4,861,453
886,225
3,094,573
1,307,434
448,105
5,255,914
2,332,802
273,988
1,639,974
1,221,217
164,132
Bush.
208,366,000
226,665,000
27,966,000
62,689,000
60,037,000
14,949,000
109,075,000
107,594,000
8,661,000
36,602,000
59,034,000
4,356,000
Acres.
10,011,000
5,365,000
960,000
2,839,000
1,348,000
481,000
5,582,000
2,556,000
292,000
1,590,000
1,461,000
187,000
Bush.
204,280,000
242,321,000
31,600,000
63,017,000
57,154,000
15,826,000
106,960,000
117,537,000
9,595,000
34,303,000
67,630,000
6,179,000
Acres.
10,036,000
5,792,000
1,025,000
2,804,000
1,398,000
496,000
5,720,000
2,755,000
332,000
1,512,000
1,639,000
197,000
Bush.
209,262,000
242,413,000
31,060,000
53,331,000
56,759,000
14,305,000
121,559,000
114,112,000
10,421,000
34,372,000
71,542,000
6,334,000
Acres.
9,335,400
5,353,000
936,000
2,616,000
1,331,000
468,000
5,348,300
2,520,000
290,000
1,371,100
1,502,000
178,000
Bush.
140,958,000
150,843,000
19,535,000
38,605,000
31,951,000
9,828,000
73,494,000
61,816,000
4,901,000
28,859,000
57,076,000
4,806,000
Acres.
9,476,220
4,974,765
884,574
2,874,254
1,315,652
460,280
5,196,534
2,383,040
256,902
1,405,432
1,276,073
167,392
Bush.
183,018,676
204,390,628
25,670,951
53,291,124
51,074,220
12,899,158
101,143,249
99,541,448
7,934,502
28,584,303
53,774,960
4,837,291
Oats
Barley
Manitoba
Wheat
Oats
Barley.
Saskatchewan-
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Alberta-
Wheat
Oats
Barley.
N. W. provinces-
Wheat
Oats
Barley.
Manitoba
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Saskatchewan
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Alberta
Wheat
Oats
Barley
NOTE. For 1910 and 1911 the areas are those of the Census; for 1912, 1913 and 1914 they are as
estimated by the Census and Statistics Office. For 1910 the yields are those of the Census; for 1911,
1912, 1913 and 1914 the yields are as estimated by the Census and Statistics Office.
165
AGRICULTURE.
3. Total Areas and Values of Field Crops in Canada, 1910-14.
AREAS.
Provinces.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
P E. Island
Acres.
476,671
Acres.
477,035
Acres.
462,880
Acres.
456,970
Acres.
461,510
Nova Scotia
709,788
709,703
700,160
711,630
693,860
New Brunswick
952,085
978,530
931,990
906,130
904,055
Quebec
5,242,593
5,375,066
5,010,400
4,898,800
4,863,850
Ontario
9,288,078
9,648,909
9,349,000
9 200,000
8,973,700
Manitoba
4,594,784
5,134,087
4,971,400
4,965,500
4,671,790
Saskatchewan
6,817,841
8,644,102
10,315,800
10,307,600
9,238,000
Alberta
1,999,963
3,351,745
3,603,060
3,690,100
3,369,270
British Columbia. . . .
197,533
226,495
230,860
238,700
260,640
Total
30,279,336
34,545,672
35,575,550
35,375,430
33,436,675
VALUES.
P. E. Island
$
6,681,140
$
9,099,300
$
9,456,000
*
9,535,500
$
11,544,000
Nova Scotia
11,430,300
17,174,500
19,420,000
17,132,900
21,969,700
New Brunswick
12,140,500
17,695,200
17,295,700
17,965,100
20,045,100
Quebec
76,325,000
106,248,000
69,901,000
88,589,000
99,279,000
Ontario
149,607,000
195,764,000
198,715,000
167,835,000
196,220,000
Manitoba
42,800,000
76,548,000
71,647,000
64,557,000
65,528,400
Saskatchewan
74,755,300
115,426,000
115,813,000
129,376,000
152,751,500
Alberta
16,150,000
48,475,000
44,503,400
46,712,000
59,779,600
British Columbia
6,746,000
11,496,000
10,593,000
11,069,000
11,463,000
Total
396,635,240
597,926,000
557,344,100
552,771,500
638,580,300
NOTE. In 1914 the total areas estimated to be sown to field crops amounted to 35,102,175 acres;
but the productive surface in the Northwest provinces was reduced by the following areas of crops which
failed in consequence of the drought: Wheat 728,100 acres, oats 753,000 acres, barley 102,000 acres, flax
79,000 acres ; also sugar beets, 2,000 acres in Alberta and 1,400 acres in Ontario.
Farm Live Stock. At the Census of 1911 records were taken of the
numbers of the principal descriptions of farm live stock as at June 1 of
that year. From these data have been estimated the number of
animals in 1912, 1913 and 1914 by application to the census figures of
1911 for 1912 and to the estimated numbers of 1912 for 1913 and 1913
for 1914 of the average percentages reported by correspondents on
June 30 each year. The results are given in Table 4, with, for com
parison, the estimate of 1910.
166
PRODUCTION.
Values of Farm Live Stock and of Wool. Table 5 shows the average
values per head of farm animals, as estimated from the reports of
correspondents of the Census and Statistics Office for the year 1914,
as compared with the years 1908, 1909 and 1910. Horses and cattle
other than milch cows are divided according to age, and the unit value
for swine is 100 Ib. live weight. The table also gives an estimate of
the value per Ib. of unwashed and washed wool. Although according
to this table the values are w r ell maintained, so far as comparison with
the three years ended 1910 is concerned, there was during 1914 a sub
stantial reduction in the value both of horses and of swine. In Table 6
an approximate estimate is given of the total values of farm live stock
in 1914. This is arrived at by applying to the numbers, as estimated
from the reports of correspondents of the Census and Statistics Office
in June, 1914, the average values in December, 1914, as returned by
the same corps of correspondents in January, 1915. In June the
numbers were at their maximum, and the values at the end of the year
represent maximum values in the case of animals slaughtered for
food.
4. Numbers of Farm Live Stock by Provinces, 1910-1914.
Description.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Canada
Horses
No.
2,213,199
2,853,957
4,250,963
2,598,470
2,753,964
34,121
55,365
57,648
110,599
48,623
68,721
148,948
180,189
358,263
69,958
No.
2,598,958
2,595,255
3,930,828
2,174,300
3,634,778
35,935
52,109
61,334
91,232
56,377
61,420
129,274
158,218
221,074
63,380
No.
2,692,357
2,604,488
3,827,373
2,082,381
3,477,310
35,638
49,415
64,688
87,793
50,463
61,735
130,104
156,051
216,135
61,194
No.
2,866,008
2,740,434
3,915,687
2,128,531
3,448,326
35,952
48,565
64,261
85,660
43,762
62,550
130,468
153,726
217,734
56,580
No.
2,947,738
2,673,286
3,363,531
2,058,045
3,434,261
36,114
47,317
61,048
85,351
41,718
62,581
128,237
148,269
211,921
53,892
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Prince Edward Island-
Horses. . . !
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Nova Scotia-
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
167
AGRICULTURE.
4. Numbers of Farm Live Stock by Provinces, 1910-1914 concluded.
Description.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
New Brunswick
Horses
No.
66,855
122,136
110,389
203,620
91,250
368,419
856,151
600,277
549,068
651,415
802,949
1,243,680
1,629,364
1,032,227
1,481,058
244,987
164,746
314,995
30,266
142,312
332,922
138,455
431,164
135,360
125,788
294,225
124,470
026,937
179,067
143,560
No.
65,409
108,557
113,671
. 158,316
87,393
371,571
754,220
699,049
637,062
794,351
812,214
1,032,996
1,468,540
742,188
1,887,451
280,374
155,328
280,240
37,322
188,416
507,468
181,168
452,470
114,216
286,295
407,153
147,649
592,076
133,592
237,511
57,414
33,954
105,230
39,272
33,604
No.
65,582
110,507
113,136
148,723
85,905
367,402
755,770
695,906
620,881
747,254
805,271
1,033,392
1,380,890
677,462
1,693,594
293,776
148,471
267,130
40,800
183,370
551,645
184,896
461,244
114,810
344,298
451.573
157^922
587,307
135,075
378,747
59,735
34.011
101,021
40,702
32,485
No.
65,103
106.904
107,864
135,115
77,014
369,974
761,816
693,540
602,751
661,768
902,628
1,141,071
1,460,015
705,848
1,652,440
304,088
152,792
256,926
42.840
184,745
580,386
194,843
468,255
115,568
386,784
484,809
168,376
610,917
178,015
350,692
60,518
35,599
100,183
45,000
34,541
No.
65,702
102,713
99,256
121,739
73,325
372,009
733,476
625,958
571,287
634,569
904,975
1,085,843
970,445
640,416
1,553,624
316,707
156,306
251,998
45,303
186,276
609,521
204,624
474,436
126,027
454,703
519,424
179,068
633,032
211,001
397,123
60,705
35,702
99,091
45,000
39,031
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Quebec
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Ontario
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Manitoba
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Saskatchewan
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Alberta
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
British Columbia
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
NOTE. The numbers of live stock in 1911 are the actual returns of the Census of that year. The
numbers for 1912, 1913 and 1914 are estimates based on the Census returns of 1911.
168
PRODUCTION.
5. Average Values of Farm Animals and of Wool, as estimated from reports of
correspondents in 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1914.
Horses
Other Horned Cattle
per head.
per head.
Wool per Ib.
Swine
Milch
per
Sheep
Provinces.
1 year
3
Cows
1 year
3
100 Ib.
per
Under
to
years
per
Under
to
years
live
head.
TT
1
under
and
head.
1
under
and
weight
Un-
Wl Cl Vl p C\
Washed
year.
3
over.
year.
3
over.
V\ 1 1 oIH_. V.I
years.
years.
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
cents.
cents.
Canada.... 1908
46
100
143
34
q
t./
21
32
5.86
5.23
18
1909
49
106
150
36
10
23
33
7.90
5.89
17
24
1910
54
119
171
42
12
26
39
7.85
6.30 18
24
1914
55
114
165
57
16
37
54
7.24
7.07
19
26
P.E. Island. 1908
37
75
119
29
8
17
27
5.69
4.46
19
_
1909
34
87
126
31
8
19
28
7.33
4.55
16
22
1910
44
102
140
32
8
19
28
6.70
5.82
17
24
1914
46
95
143
39
11
23
35
7.14
6.05
21
27
Nova Scotial908
35
76
112
30
7
20
32
5.87
3.81
20
1909
40
90
133
33
9
23
37
7.26
4.13
19
24
1910
46
95
145
37
9
24
40
7.25
4.48
20
25
1914
53
116
166
40
10
25
42
7.75
4.70
21
26
New Bruns
wick 1908
42
96
140
29
7
18
26
5 58
3.86
19
_
1909
40
90
137
29
8
18
28
7.36
4.22
18
24
1910
50
112
157
33
8
19
31
7.05
4.60! 18
23
1914
54
123
183
40
11
24
39
8.16
4.63
22
28
Quebec 1908
41
97
140
32
8
17
26
6.72
4.97
25
_
1909
41
98
145
33
8
19
29 9.62
5.47
21
29
1910
46
103
155
39
9
21
32
8.78
5.72
21
29
1914
49
107
164
47
11
27
41
8.91
6.60
23
30
Ontario 1908
49
103
141
36
11
24
36
5.91
5.91 15
_
1909
53
110
144
40
12
26
38
7.33
6.63 14
20
1910
60
127
174
48
14
31
46
7.30
7.00 14
20
1914
54
111
152
64
20
43
62
7.74
8.70 19
25
Manitoba.. 1908
58
125
176
32
9
20
30
5.06
5.83 11
_
1909
63
132
187
34
10
21
30
7.00
7. OS 1 09
14
1910
68
146
207
40
11
24
36
6.50
6.50 10
13
1914
61
126
176
62
17
38
56
6.28
8.76
14
18
Saskatche
wan. . . . 1908
53
117
170
37
10
23
37
4 84
5.09
10
_
1909
56
123
180
38
11
25
40
6.86
7.01
10
13
1910
50
137
200
41
12
27
40
7.50
7.00
09
14
1914
63
133
187
66
18
41
61
5.74
7.08 15
20
Alberta. . . . 190S
36
78
118
34
11
22
33
5.31
5.82; 11
__
1909
47
97
150
35
11
23
33
7.20
6.80, 12
18
1910
51
108
164
39
12
25
38
7.60
6.30
11
18
1914
45
91
137
66
21
42
61
5.99
6.96
14
18
British
Columbial908
48
99
150
48
12
25
37
6.53
5.95
08
1909
44
111
165
51
12
26
38
7.50
6.72
10
15
1910
63
144
225
57
13
28
43
10
15
1914
46
93
162
89
22
48
73
8.00
8.33
15
16
169
AGRICULTURE.
6. Numbers in June and Values in December of Farm Live Stock in Canada, as
estimated by correspondents, 1914.
Farm Animals.
1914.
1914.
1914.
Canada
Horses . .
No.
2,947,738
2 ,673,286
3,363,531
2,058,045
3,434,261
36,114
47,317
61,048
85,351
41,718
62,581
128,237
148,269
211,921
53,892
65,702
102,713
99,256
121,739
73,325
372,009
733,476
625,958
571,287
634,569
904,975
1,085,843
970,445
640,416
1,553,624
316,707
156,306
251,996
45,303
186,276
609,521
204,624
474,436
126,027
454,703
519,424
179,068
633,032
211,001
397,123
60,705
35,702
99,091
45,000
39.031
Per heac
$126.00
57.47
42.66
7.07
12.35
111.14
39.09
25.48
6.05
14.74
121.35
39.98
28.93
4.70
15.77
137.90
40.00
26.75
4.63
17.73
134.69
47.10
39.60
6.60
14.32
116.46
64.28
45.30
8.70
12.62
131.46
61.90
41.15
8.76
10.92
147.70
65.84
44.27
7.08
9.67
108.49
66.38
45.78
6.96
10.23
119.43
88.75
59.50
8.33
11.94
[
$371,430,363
153,632,637
143,498,156
14,550,710
42,418,325
4,013,710
1,849,622
1,555,503
516,374
614,923
7,594,204
5,126,915
4,289,422
996,029
849,877
9,060,306
4,108,520
2,655,098
563,652
1,300,052
50,105,892
34,546,720
24,787,937
3,770,494
9,087,028
105,393,389
69,797,988
43,961,159
5,571,619
19,606,735
41,634,302
9,675,341
10,369,635
396,854
2,034,134
90,026,252
13,472,444
21,003,282
892,271
4,396,978
56,352,310
11,886,534
28,980,205
1,468,567
4,062,568
7,249,993
3,168,558
5,895,915
374,850
466.030
Milch cows . .
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Prince Edward Island
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Nova Scotia
Horses . .
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
New Brunswick
Horses . .
Milch cows . . .
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Quebec
Horses
Milch cows . .
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Ontario-
Horses
Milch cows . .
Other cattle . . . .
Sheep
Swine
Manitoba-
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle . . .
Sheep
Swine
Saskatchewan-
Horses
Milch cows . . .
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine . .
Alberta-
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
British Columbia-
Horses
Milch cows
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine . .
170
PRODUCTION.
7. Distribution of Land by Provinces, 1901 and 1911,
Provinces.
Total
Area.
Farms.
Occupied.
Owned.
Prince Edward Island ....
. . . 1901
Acres.
1,397,991
1,397,991
13,483,671
13,483,671
17,863,266
17,863,266
218,723,687
218,723,687
141,125,330
141,125,330
41,169,098
41,169,098
155,764,480
155,764,100
161,872,000
161,872,000
236,922,177
226,186,370
938,321,700
977,585,513
No.
14,014
14,369
56,033
53,634
37,583
38,210
150,599
159,691
224,127
226,801
32,495
45,606
13,612
96,372
9,486
61,496
6,739
18,467
544,688
714,646
Acres.
1,194,508
1,202,354
5,080,901
5,260,455
4,443,400
4,537,999
14,444,175
15,613,267
21,349,524
22,171,785
8,843,347
12,228,233
3,833,434
28,642,985
2,735,630
17,751,899
1,497,419
2,540,011
63,422,338
109,948,988
Acres.
1,161,259
1,160,177
4,974,559
5,093,658
4,269,606
4,368,824
13,457,540
14,836,325
18,173,877
19,192,707
8,073,894
10,334,467
3,681,261
26,101,033
2,442,204
15,707,349
1,288,241
2,071,527
57,522,441
98,866,667
Nova Scotia
1911
.... 1901
New Brunswick
1911
....1901
Quebec
1911
....1901
Ontario
1911
.... 1901
Manitoba
1911
....1901
Saskatchewan ....
1911
.. 1901
Alberta
1911
....1901
British Columbia . .
1911
....1901
Canada
1911
1901
1911
7. Distribution of Land by Provinces, 1901 and 1911. con.
Provinces.
Leased or
Rented.
Improved.
Unim
proved.
Natural
Forest.
Marsh,
etc.
Prince Edward Island. . 1901
1911
Nova Scotia 1901
Acres.
33,249
42,177
106,342
Acres.
726,285
769,140
1,257,468
Acres.
468,223
433,214
3,823,433
Acres.
350,366
307,974
2,845,384
Acres.
20,214
1911
New Brunswick 1901
166,797
173,794
1,257,449
1,409,720
4,003,006
3,033,680
2,914,033
2,561,494
258,623
1911
Quebec 1901
169,175
986,635
1,444,567
7,439,941
3,093,432
7,004,234
2,453,779
5,442,326
152,317
1911
Ontario . ... 1901
776,942
3,175,647
8,162,087
13,266,335
7,451,180
8,083,189
5,099,286
4,823,140
550,263
1911
Manitoba 1901
2,979,078
769,453
13,653,216
3,995,305
8,518,569
4,848,042
3,935,982
258,729
1,843,803
1911
Saskatchewan . ... 1901
1,893,766
152,173
6,746,169
1,122,602
5,482,064
2,710,823
497,547
53,212
445,625
1911
Alberta 1901
2,541,952
293,426
11,871,907
474,694
16,771,078
2,260,936
304,039
66,138
583,887
1911
British Columbia. ...1901
2,044,550
209,178
4,351,698
473,683
13,400,201
1,023,736
420,857
391,096
240,854
1911
Canada 1901
468,484
5,899,897
477,590
30,166,033
2,062,421
33,256,305
1,544,029
16,791,885
78,684
1911
11,082,921
48,337,823
1
61,215,165
17,477,526
4,174,270
171
AGRICULTURE.
7. Distribution of Land by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 concluded.
Provinces.
Field
Crops.
Orchard
and
Nursery.
Vege
tables.
Vineyard.
Small
Fruits.
Prince Edward Island. . 1901
1911
Nova Scotia 1901
Acres.
447,737
484,274
730,146
Acres.
3,216
4,350
34,277
Acres.
514
1,198
7,581
Acres.
1
6
10
Acres.
116
1911
New Brunswick 1901
717,468
897,417
40,474
8,924
17,541
4,380
125
7
466
1911
Quebec 1901
978,876
4,704,396
8,976
34,289
10,284
28,809
68
119
425
1911
Ontario 1901
5,480,673
9,212,478
34,077
267,112
58,269
65,303
611
5,440
1,803
1911
Manitoba 1901
9,683,307
2,756,106
279,011
652
63,810
4,549
8,542
2
12,973
1911
Saskatchewan 1901
5,161,858
655,539
1,933
88
18,259
1,584
134
1
125
1911
Alberta 1901
9,136,868
188,474
817
46
14,226
957
21
2
185
1911
British Columbia 1901
3,378,365
171,447
340
7,502
13,202
2,840
20
18
66
1911
Canada 1901
239,649
19,763,740
33,618
356,106
9,222
116,517
309
5,600
1,336
1911
35,261,338
403,5%
206,011
9,836
17,495
8. Areas of Occupied Farm Lands, Total Value and Value per Acre, as compiled
from the Census Returns of 1901 and 1911.
Provinces.
Areas.
Total Values.
Values per
acre.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
P. E. Island
Acres.
1,194,508
5,080,901
4,443,400
14,444,175
21,349,524
8,843,347
3,833,434
2,735,630
1,497,419
63,422,338
Acres.
1,202,354
5,260,455
4,537,999
15,613,267
22,171,785
12,228,233
28,642,985
17,751,899
2,540,011
109,948,988
$
23,118,946
58,752,384
38,708,938
350,550,254
747,962,568
113,283,261
28,057,949
16,745,412
26,089,789
1,403,269,501
$
31,110,009
95,382,408
64,465,973
638,209,689
926,133,962
372,567,189
659,557,387
385,402,052
170,900,999
3,343,729,668
$ c.
19.35
11.56
8.71
24.27
35.03
12.81
7.32
6.12
17.42
22.13
$ c.
25.87
18.13
14.21
40.88
41.77
30.47
23.10
; 21.71
67.28
30.41
i
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta .
British Columbia. . .
Canada
172
PRODUCTION.
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911.
Classes.
1901.
1911.
Classes.
1900.
1910.
Canada
Land
$
1,007,454,358
395,815,143
108,665,502
118,279,419
69,237,970
54,197,341
10,490,594
16,445,702
5,723,890
792,711
$
2,519,777,901
823,951,767
257,007,548
381,915,505
109,575,526
86,278,490
10,701,691
26,986,621
14,653,773
991,814
Canada
Field crops. .
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
$
194,953,420
1
}> 12,994,900
469,501
52,755,375
22,951,527
1
1 66,470,953
1,887,064
10,286,828
356,816
1,780,482
$
384,522,795
f 18,806,544
9,728,533
[ 3,052,592
150,017,752
27,617,835
103,381,854
] 30,269,497
154,0?8
1,602,044
23,270,763
713,250
2,587,413
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
in year.. .
Live stock
sold in yr..
Animals
slaughtered
on farm. . .
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Egsfs . ,
BO"
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
1,787,102,630
15,186,209
7,932,737
2,628,787
2,147,935
1,244,291
598,906
384,790
355,373
147,159
526
4,231,840,636
19,417,471
11,692,538
3,579,856
4,240,956
1,543,309
728,059
368,036
341,535
273,172
980
364,906,866
4,641,947
1 139,004
876
678,217
562,691
I 1,111,614
84,524
248,423
271
96
725,301,375
6,613,172
f 70,692
132,233
( 25,564
1,580,967
860,285
1,639,475
J 469,604
1,070
67.514
563,426
355
97
P. E. Island-
Land
P. E. Island-
Field crops. .
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows..
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits..
Nursery
stock sold
in year ....
Live stock
sold in yr.
Animals
slaughtered
on farm ....
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Eees .
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
30,626,713
42,185,912
7,467,663 11,553,780
173
AGRICULTURE.
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 con.
Classes.
1901.
1911.
Classes.
1900.
1910.
Nova Scotia
Land
$
34,589,159
24,163,225
3,208,899
3,854,382
2,990,959
2,390,865
757,278
387,380
218,223
4,537
$
52,106,903
43,275,505
4,578,658
7,110,946
4,199,927
3,036,444
795,773
538,809
326,130
5,797
Nova Scotia-
Field crops. .
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
8,584,956
I 1,407,369
8,456
1,427,777
1,247,358
> 2,885,997
187,097
543,108
2,187
11,250
$
11,005,033
f 1,392,039
1,547,245
I 87,161
3,094,028
1,320,559
4,612,596
2,263,879
18,317
158,415
931,112
3,857
19,336
Buildings. . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows..
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits
Nursery
-stock sold
in year
Live stock
sold in year
Animals
slaughtered
on farm ....
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Eggs. .
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
N. Brunswick-
Field crops. .
Vegetables . .
Orchard
fruits
72,564,907
22,329,482
16,379,456
3,662,731
4,312,286
2,317,049
1,170,327
538,682
401,965
213,319
13,014
115,974,892
32,989,546
31,476,427
6,106,826
8,087,425
3,292,165
1,391,675
533,158
654,704
350,853
13,127
16,305,555
7,740,100
394,337
J
6,525
787,975
1,160,783
1
1 2,260,537
145,046
372,745
5,432
20,596
24,171,381
11,030,237
873,861
267,993
[ 62,806
2,275,795
1,435,550
3,568,221
f
1 1,900,551
375
124,701
677,205
6,004
38,223
N. Brunswick-
Land
Buildings. . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
in year ....
Live stock
sold in year
Animals
slaughtered
on farm ....
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Eggs
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
51,338,311
84,895,906
12,894,076 20,360,596
174
PRODUCTION.
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 con.
Classes.
1901.
1911.
Classes.
1900.
1910.
Quebec
Lands
$
248,236,361
$
423,964,516
Quebec
Field crops
$
44 851 108
$
65 353 528
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
102,313,893
27,038,205
24,164,149
214,245,173
51,954,520
48 713 535
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
)
\ 2,564,801
f 5,797^666
1 186 479
Milch cows..
Other horned
cattle
20,757,611
6,629,784
29,377,810
8 725,031
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
( 284,633
Sheep
2,376,471
2,710,285
in year
64 124
Swine
3,142 925
5 399 533
Live stock
Poultry
1,166,314
2 422 568
sold in year
6 650 486
20 129 977
Bees
251,203
241,523
Animals
slaughtered
on farm ....
Milk
8,006,328
8,609,944
25 778 109
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
20,207,826
570,093
/ QK ff)QQ
\ f^,OOfi,i6vit
41,794
508,911
Eggs. ,
2,007,320
3,812,838
Honey and
wax
112,315
169,507
Maple sugar
and syrup
1,356,480
1,698,279
Total
436,076,916
787,754,494
Total
86 390 881
133,329,871
Ontario-
Land
536 755 663
611 756 794
Ontario
Field crops
102 138 819
140,786 055
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
211,206,905
52,697,739
54 926 679
314,377,168
77,734,449
113 540 859
Vegetables . .
Orchard
fruits
1 7,809,084
( 6,043,617
5,564,133
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
32,536,097
24 641 545
48,708,555
32 776,254
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
I 2,254,913
Sheep
5 518 403
4,427,565
in year. . .
363 630
a
Swine .......
10 575 746
13,577,817
Live stock
Poultry
3,125,166
6,128,401
sold in year
35,385,376
76,490,854
Bees
504 126
673,687
Animals
slaughtered
on farm. . . .
Milk
9,687,109
9,474,294
43,301,044
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
[ 34,776,330
807,276
1 13,74.3,264
35,956
607,014
Eggs . ,
5,756,221
10,725,733
Honey and
wax
228,517
516,658
Maple sugar
and syrup
391,264
831,478
Total .
932.488,069
1.223.701,549
Total .
197,343,626
296,595,793
175
AGRICULTURE.
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 con.
Classes.
1901.
1911.
Classes.
1900.
1910.
Manitoba
Land
$
93,233,535
$
309,960,153
Manitoba
Field crops. .
$
16 669 321
$
45 509 5 9
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
20,049,726
12,169,619
15,763,463
62,607,036
27,956,212
47 189 063
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
163,958
1,428,402
7 146
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
4,754,974
3,944,406
6,246,903
6,311,318
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
1
14,690
Sheep
144,018
224,214
in year ....
7,152
Swine
871,627
1,604,277
Live stock
Poultry
417,586
1,121,772
soldinyear
2,869,105
10 933 747
Bees
6,127
22,643
Animals
slaughtered
on farm. . . .
Milk
1,325,289
1,875,890
6 661 653
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
j> 2,792,606
15 272
2,571,053
83,364
14 980
Eggs . .
605 534
1 763 322
Honey and
wax
2 473
8 958
Maple sugar
and syrup
642
Total
m,355 081
463,243,591
Total
24,451,352
68,218,308
Saskatchewan-
Land
22 879 822
583,401,337
Saskatchewan-
Field crops
4,608,172
79,963,903
Buildings . . .
Implements .
Horses
5,178,127
3,882,029
6 406 665
76,156,050
57,538,712
88 759 211
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
48,474
f 1,047,082
327
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
1,841,440
3,699,187
7,835,820
13,997,475
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
-
[ 3,828
Sheep
273,063
621,409
in year. . .
183
Swine
183,807
2,512,540
Live stock
Poultry
116,582
1,988,081
soldinyear
1,626,446
13,191,262
Bees
1,152
1,925
Animals
slaughtered
on farm. . .
Milk
375,059
2,203,391
7,245,950
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
)
729,574
36,180
J 2,749,637
8,454
59,628
Eggs . .
161,652
2,248,998
Honey and
wax
30
520
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
44,461,874
832,812,560
Total
7,585,770
105,964,889
*
176
PRODUCTION.
9. Farm Values by Provinces, 1901 and 1911 concluded.
Classes.
1901.
1911.
Classes.
1900.
1910.
Alberta
Land
$
13,156,755
3,588,657
2,179,617
4,609,332
1,734,942
8,730,895
333,210
255,552
109,794
1,027
$
344,759,704
40,642,348
24,009,659
56,439,741
6,368,546
16,302,340
758,154
1,995,421
1,357,183
2,912
Alberta
Field crops
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
$
2,618,420
32,079
411
2,127,386
279,513
546,476
33,288
165,196
651
150
S
17,015,329
f 1,129,922
I 401
I 6,469
19,031,121
1,428,548
7,953,847
1 1,826,280
18,860
42,130
1,515,866
931
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
in year
Live stock
sold in year
Animals
slaughtered
on farm. . . .
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Eggs .
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total
34,699,781
21,087,372
5,002,417
1,197,876
2,094,528
1,060,607
2,391,426
164,679
271,327
209,747
11,999
492,636,008
141,421,477
29,479,522
3,548,656
7,833,769
2,002,491
3,009,894
263,097
361,985
685,613
29,220
5,803,570
3,100,577
|
435,794
18,144
1,202,607
307..397
1,159,993
8,288
426,629
4,940
4
48,124,564
7,246,018
f 1,023,263
1,022,576
1 312,528
3,290,001
409,374
2,620,959
392,940
I
898
18,751
1,032,263
6,460
Br. Columbia-
Land
Br. Columbia-
Field crops
Vegetables. .
Orchard
fruits
Buildings . . .
Implements
Horses
Milch cows. .
Other horned
cattle
Small fruits
Nursery
stock sold
in year
Live stock
sold in year
Animals
slaughtered
on farm . . .
Milk
Sheep
Swine
Poultry
Bees
Total
Butter,
home-made
Cheese,
home-made
Wool
Eggs
Honey and
wax
Maple sugar
and syrup
Total .
33,491,978
188,635,724
6,664.373
16,982,193
177
AGRICULTURE
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910.
Crops.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Canada-
Wheat acres
1,646,781
2,366,554
2,701 246
4 224 542
8,864,514
bush. .
Barley . acres
16,723,873
32,350,269
42,223,372
868 464
55,572,368
871 800
132,077,547
1 283 094
bush. .
Oats acres
11,496,038
16,844,868
17,222,795
3,961,348
22,224,366
5 367 655
28,848,310
8,656,179
bush. .
Rye acres
42,489,453
70,493,131
83,428,202
151,497,407
176,679
245,393,425
114,728
bush..
Corn acres
1,064,358
2,097,180
1,341,324
2,316,793
360,758
1,542,219
293,951
bush. .
Buckwheat. . . acres
bush..
Peas acres
3,802,830
3,726,484
9,025,142
4,901,147
}
10,711,380
4,994,871
25,875,919
261,726
4,547,159
670,312
14,417,599
357,513
7,102,853
355,191
bush. .
Beans . . acres
9,905,720
1 13,749,662
14,823,764
12,348,431
46,634
4,788,916
46,299
bush. .
Potatoes acres
220,644
403,102
464,289
800,015
450,190
861,327
448,743
826,281
464,504
bush. .
Turnips . . . acres
47,330,187
55,368,790
53,490,857
}
55,362,635
55,461,473
112,825
bush. .
Other roots.. . acres
bush. .
Grass and clover
seed bush. .
24,339,476
3,553,260
348,605
39,059,094
9,192,320
324,317
148,143
f 49,679,636
346,036
205,160
76,075,630
360,780
47,371,434
82,260
39,287,600
26,960,765 2
Hay acres
3,650,419
4,458,349
8,289,407
tons . .
Hops acres
3,818,641
5,055,810
7,693,733
9,013,191
10,406,367
1,664
Ib.
Tobacco acres
Ib . . . .
Flaxseed . . . acres
1,711,789
1,595,932
905,207
2,527,962
1,126,230
4,277,936
1,004,216
11,906
11,266,732
23,086
1,208,341
18,928
17,632,342
582,185
bush. .
Mixed grains.. acres
bush. .
Prince Edward Is
land 1
Wheat acres
118,044
108,694
41,942
138,844
44,703
172,222
273,490
7,267,621
42,318
4,244,935
426,957
13,086,400
28,741
bush..
Barley ...... acres
-
546,986
613,364
7,594
738,679
4,563
501,533
4,882
bush. .
Oats . . . .acres
-
119,368
147,880
153,924
105,625
164,472
114,421
181,461
bush. .
Rye acres
-
3,538,219
2,922,552
4,561,097
5
5,212,588
6
bush. .
Corn acres
-
307
221
65
37
68
28
bush. .
Buckwheat . . . acres
bush.
Peas acres
-
2,603
90,458
}
2,651
84,460
834
2,993
49,689
148
501
2,438
43,600
36
bush..
Beans acres
-
3,169
4,735
2,245
33
648
32
bush. .
-
2,445
496
468
iNot taken for 1870. 2 Lb.
178
PRODUCTION.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
. 1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Prince Edward Island 1
con.
Potatoes . . . acres
19,299
227,497
296,050
2,190,099
33,987
23,349
234,157
19,740
15,463
52,588
5,560,975
468,139
150,839
8,121
412,961
443,732
12,380
263
2,830
39,083
6,042,191
1,198,407
42,572
15,247
119,936
143,791
10,209
1,367
919
45,045
529,251
228,748
1,873,113
47,567
13,532
339,718
I 37,220
60,192
7,378,387
1,006,711
326,143
8,128
519,856
597,731
18,677
1,216
1,793
43,521
7,071,308
4,411
j 2,005*453
12,417
150,108
132,959
5,637
795
746
14,157
165,805
11,992
227,530
94,117
1,559,842
23,500
16,890
184,421
19,536
24,950
44,154
5,113,612
6,843
[ 1,349,076
2,117
539,057
632,391
18,192
228
410
33,405
4,986,633
8,905
3,932,591
9,781
182,714
172,063
2
1,425
17
30,994
28
281
6,788
227,146
16,334
248,476
7,710
181,085
91,087
2,347,598
1,018
15,702
177
9,358
9,371
196,498
156
3,067
824
16,084
37,459
4,394,413
6,557
2,074,806
555
555,963
663,972
4,571
560
58
2,900
90,869
30,610
4,202,535
6,328
2,883,517
208
115,666
629,921 2
215,053
250,998
1
198
52
22
262
6,568
226,901
12,198
223,530
5,354
142,224
96,309
2,973,857
350
5,356
66
2,684
9,541
206,005
109
1,858
735
11,802
30,827
3,531,293
8,394
3,114,211
1,227
426,600
37,691 2
540,589
724,393
1
1,096
110
2,420
78,369
bush. .
Turnips acres
bush..
Other roots. . . acres
bush. .
Grass and clover
seed bush..
Hay acres
tons . .
Hops. . .acres
lb....
Tobacco acres
lb . . . .
Flaxseed acres
bush. .
Mixed grains acres
bush..
Nova Scotia
Wheat acres
bush. .
Barley . . . acres
bush. .
Oats acres
bush..
Rye acres
bush. .
Corn acres
bush..
Buckwheat . . . acres
bush. .
Peas acres
bush. .
Beans acres
bush. .
Potatoes acres
bush..
Turnips .... acres
bush..
Other roots... acres
bush. .
Grass and clover
seed bush. .
Hay acres
tons . .
Hops acres
lb . . . .
Tobacco acres
lb . . . .
Flaxseed acres
bush..
Mixed grains acres
bush..
iNot taken for 1870. 2 Lb.
179
AGRICULTURE.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
New Brunswick-
Wheat acres
18,884
204,911
70,547
3,044,134
23,792
27,658
1,231,091
26,850
18,206
47,689
6,562,355
603,721
98,358
8,233
334,997
344,793
10,901
454
3,127
242,726
2,058,076
1,668,208
15,116,262
458,970
603,356
1,676,078
2,205,585
79,050
128,185
18,068,323
40,831
521,956
84,183
3,297,534
18,268
18,159
1,587,223
43,121
51,362
6,961,016
990,336
159,043
7,257
389,721
414,046
15^006
6,414
1,745
224,678
2,019,004
1,751,539
19,990,205
430,242
888,169
2,041,670
t 4,170,456
123,869
14,873,287
17,306
209,809
6,141
100,917
157,176
3,025,329
6,321
21,021
1,136,528
24,352
20,137
42,703
4,827,830
)
5,075
[ 974,363
4,947
470,834
476,069
27,791
702
459
168,92 9
1,646,882
94,464
1,580,197
1,161,030
17,818,589
226,316
826,179
2,118,197
1,912,463
82,501
122,254
15,861,797
26,990
381,699
4,581
99,050
186,932
4,816,173
188
2,809
259
12,509
73,521
1,390,885
1,707
16,808
709
13,573
40,330
4,649,059
7,119
2,070,486
3,096
553,011
520,271
116
31,775
2
587
57
283
1,230
27,706
139,826
1,968,203
104,135
2,535,597
1,350,031
33,536,677
19,546
211,287
28,506
1,384,331
102,673
1,849,596
77,982
908,656
2,886
61J376
127,205
17,135,739
13,424
204,125
2,611
56,659
201,147
5,538,605
24
333
66
1,616
58,398
1,150,522
433
6,584
254
4,517
40,433
5,219,025
7,898
2,456,871
721
229,233
90,489!
630,305
668,599
258
15
5
32
728
20,453
62,882
932,459
98,164
2,340,364
1,392,139
33,804,291
11,077
148,621
18,525
575,249
119,466
2,365,539
30,295
414,367
4,235
76,150
123,054
15,451,539
bush..
Barley acres
bush. .
Oats acres
bush. .
Rye acres
bush. .
Corn acres
bush. .
Buckwheat. . .acres
bush. .
Peas acres
bush. .
Beans acres
bush. .
Potatoes acres
bush..
Turnips acres.
bush.
Other roots. . .acres,
bush.
Grass and clover
seed bush .
Hay acres.
tons. .
Hops acres.
Tobacco acres.
Ib. . . .
Flaxseed acres.
bush.
Mixed grains.. acres,
bush.
Quebec-
Wheat acres.
bush.
Barley acres.
bush.
Oats acres.
bush.
Rye acres.
bush.
Corn acres.
bush.
Buckwheat . . . acres,
bush.
Peas acres.
bush.
Beans acres.
bush.
Potatoes acres.
bush.
>Lb.
180
PRODUCTION.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Quebec
Turnios .acres.
812,073
597,160
142,535
1,211,953
1,225,640
499,568
1,195,345
91,545
1,365,872
14,233,389
9,461,233
22,138,958
547,609
3,148,467
585,158
7,653,545
107,925
174,640
17,138,534
22,455,543
2,706,903
189,716
1,690,508
1,804,476
1,188,940
399,870
20,542
1,572,476
2,050,904
119,306
1,495,494
1,614,906
218,542
2,356,581
65,995
1,949,135
27,406,091
14,279,841
40,209,929
1,598,871
8,096,782
841,649
1
9,434,872
181,394
18,994,559
33,856,721
6,479,222
173,219
1,795,965
2,038,659
615,967
160,251
38,208
12,103
2,656,587
86,934
2,178,044
2,243,435
180,297
3,958,737
29,476
1,430,532
21,314,582
681,073
13,419,354
2,053,105
47,160,246
1,064,345
9,835,737
1,470,511
12,760,331
664,541
179,663
17,635,151
114,289
f 41,200,779
236,819
2,528,894
3,465,633
837,647
314,086
71,339
9,029
3,526,187
58,024
2,576,336
2,782,650
116
62,930
8,661
7,655,975
1,881
19,309
143,729
3,523,507
1,487,633
28,418,907
586,010
16,087,862
2,707,357
88,138,974
151,916
2,032,385
331,641
24,463,694
73,038
1,056,998
586,857
11,351,646
42,086
767,255
176,170
20,042,258
169,387
63,368,463
214,083
2,723,645
3,791,776
965
603,075
3,144
3,503,739
6,388
67,276
117,020
3,365,554
9,843
3,329,166
3,590
1,540,533
2,105,222!
3,229,448
3,826,521
29
17,165
11,818
10,115,016
1,382
13,375
90,404
2,096,744
870,354
19,842,626
503,159
14,085,327
2,871,288
89,936,041
92,731
1,232,493
274,846
13,830,703
167,315
3,333,216
321,996
4,311,113
40,585
726,925
158,365
17,300,791
76,485
34,703,832
72,007
35,714,767
23,883,223*
3,216,139
4,427,436
308
176,131
7,017
7,498,506
8,780
82,901
323,409
10,596,156
bush.
Other roots. . .acres,
bush.
Grass and
clover seed bush .
Hav .acres.
tons..
HODS .acres.
Ib. . . .
Tobacco .acres.
Ib. . . .
Flaxseed . . . .acres.
bush.
Mixed grains.. acres,
bush.
Ontario-
Wheat . . . .acres.
bush.
Barley acres.
bush.
Oats acres.
bush.
Rve .acres.
bush.
Corn acres.
bush .
Buckwheat. . .acres,
bush.
Peas acres.
bush.
Beans acres.
bush.
Potatoes ...acres.
bush.
Turnips acres.
bush.
Other roots. . .acres,
bush.
Grass and
clover seed bush .
Hay acres.
tons..
Hops acres.
Ib....
Tobacco acres.
Ib....
Flaxseed acres.
bush.
Mixed grains.. acres,
bush.
iLb.
181
AGRICULTURE.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Manitoba 1 -
Wheat acres.
bush.
Barley acres
bush .
Oats acres.
bush.
Rye acres.
bush.
Corn acres.
bush.
Buckwheat. . .acres.
bush.
Peas acres
bush.
Beans acres.
bush.
Potatoes acres
bush.
Turnips acres.
bush.
Other roots. . .acres.
bush.
Grass and
clover seed . . . bush .
Hay .acres.
tons. .
Hops acres.
lb....
Tobacco acres.
lb....
Flaxseed acres.
bush.
Mixed grains.. acres.
bush .
51,293
1,033,673
253,604
1,270,268
1,203
2,516
320
8,991
4,306
556,193
149,025
49,096
303
100,591
185,279
1,835
2,037
896,622
16,092,220
56,505
1,452,433
256,211
8,370,212
12,952
3,429
178
10,872
434
9,791
1,757,231
2,102
547,559
849
485,230
1,022
1,807
34,588
1,965,200
18,353,013
139,672
2,666,803
573,858
10,592,660
937
7,085
62
1,944
56
1,294
406
4,950
38
710
16,042
1,920,794
978
232,243
297
477,859
7
650
10
6,365
14,404
81,898
769
13,323
2,759,445
34,127,598
416,015
6,516,634
1,209,173
30,346,879
2,738
29,045
233
3,161
201
2,919
298
4,863
91
904
26,210
2,865,839
892
245,674
1,207
277,100
116,031 2
137,671
124,954
122
7
7,072
34,684
176,675
473
8,772
Crops.
1900.
1910.
Crops.
1900.
1910.
Saskatchewan-
Wheat acres
bush.
Barley acres
bush .
Oats acres
bush.
Rye acres
bush.
Corn acres
bush.
Buckwheat. . .acres
bush.
Peas acres
bush.
Beans acres
bush.
Potatoes acres
bush.
487,212
4,306,811
11,842
187,617
141,807
2,274,616
1,296
12,633
2
100
1
36
38
46
1
38
6,133
690,332
4,228,222
66,978,996
129,621
3,061,007
1,888,359
58,922,791
754
11,639
94
2,041
6
29
236
2,612
8
59
24,046
2,917,340
Saskatchewan-
Turnips
Other roots.
Clover and
grass seed.
Hav.
Hops
Tobacco. . . .
Flaxseed
Mixed grain
-con.
.acres
bush.
. acres
bush.
.bush.
. acres
tons
.acres
lb.
.acres
lb.
. acres
bush .
. acres
bush.
623
60,133
74,328 2
247,455
8
651
116,670
388
75,867
75,932 2
37,694
45,129
80
1,149 1,678
227 506,425
2,420 3,893,160
384 632
4,159 8,967
taken in 1870. 2 Lb.
182
PRODUCTION.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
Alberta-
Wheat acres
bush
Barley acres
bush
Oats acre?
bush
Rye acre;
bush
Corn acres
bush.
Buckwheat, .acre
bush.
Peas acres
bash.
Beans acres
bush.
Potatoes. . . .acres
bush.
Turnips acres
bush.
Other roots acres
bush.
Clover and
grass seed. bush.
Hay acres
tons
Hops acres
Ib.
Tobacco. . . .acres
Ib.
Flaxseed. . . .acres
bush.
Mixed grains. acres
bush.
1900.
43,062
797,161
11,055
286,937
117,745
3,787,046
1,043
17,499
23
1,300
18
264
69
939
1
15
3,792
587,461
582
174,733
1910.
183,702
65
9
5,533
100
693
100
1,688
879,756
9,060,210
121,435
2,480,165
783,074
16,893.840
6,672
109,006
74
86
147
968
251
2,892
12
115
20,086
2,339,901
806
130,912
1,606
301,133
20,476 2
149,840
124,879
205
30,885
78,480
1,798
36,556
Crops.
The Territories 1
Wheat acres
bush
Barley acres
bush
Oats acre:
bush.
Rye acres
bush.
Corn acres
bush.
Buckwheat. .. acres
bush.
Peas acres
bush.
Beans acres
bush.
Potatoes acres
bush.
Turnips acres
bush.
Other roots, .acres
bush.
Clover and
grass seed.. bush.
Hay ..acres
tons
Hops acres
Ib.
Tobacco acres
Ib.
Flaxseed acres
bush.
Mixed grains. acres
bush.
1900.
5,678
119,655
48,445
59,952
240
1,948
50
1,291
811
89,326
14,893
3,091!
8,337
17,500
72
1910.
113,811
1,792,409
8 ; 467
215,460
61,637
1,628,344
1,529
1,535
300
5,701
119
3,891
538,126
1,877
429,577
295
155,870
356
1,238
1,462
Crops.
1870 1 .
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
British Columbia-
Wheat acres
bush.
Barley acres
bush.
Oats acres
bush.
Rye : . .acres
bush.
Corn acres
bush.
Buckwheat. . . .acres
bush.
7,952
173,653
79,140
253,911
482
1,433
59
15,186
388,300
2,228
79,024
24,148
943,088
6,140
3,938
276
15,967
359,419
2,232
73,790
34,366
1,442,566
730
17,328
51
1,849
55
1,899
9.492
206,570
1,853
51,509
33,229
1,764,533
376
5,658
19
781
1
55
Not taken in 1870. "Lb.
183
AGRICULTURE.
10. Areas and Yields of Principal Field Crops in Census Years, 1870-1910 con.
Crops.
1870 1 .
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
British Columbia
con.
Peas acres
}
2,949
1,572
bush.
Beans acres
-
50,542
85,774
60,074
56
43,979
347
bush.
Potatoes acres
J
3,272
4,888
4,213
1,780
8,207
5,341
10,873
bush.
Turnips acres
473,831
685,802
955,946
1,633,210
1,008
bush.
Other roots acres
bush.
Grass and
clover seed.. bush.
Hay acres
270,525
82,249
857
28,449
I 1,443
516,242
1,658
64,611
1,980
635,988
616
103,417
390,581
1,306
608,500
1,780 2
132,668
tons
Hops acres
-
43,898
102,146
173,443
262
208,559
825
Ib.
Tobacco acres
24,899
55,288
299,717
61
1,013,400
81
Ib.
Flaxseed acres
96
343
61,830
1
9,688
2
bush.
Mixed grains . . acres
bush.
-
34
~
364
~~
4
570
13,699
50
525
13,482
iNot taken for 1870. 2 Lb.
Numbers of Pure-bred Live Stock in Canada. As in 1901, efforts
were made at the Census of 1911 to obtain from stock owners the num
bers in Canada of pure-bred animals, as apart from the numbers of
live stock generally. The enumerators w r ere instructed to insert in
the schedule the number of pure-bred animals of each breed, and
the entry was to include in each case the animals by name of breed
and the numbers which were registered or which were eligible for regis
tration on June 1, 1911. As the result of the compilation of the figures
thus obtained and published in Volume IV (Agriculture) of the Report
on the Census, it was found that pure-bred horses in Canada on June
1, 1911, numbered 33,149, cattle 123,899, sheep 53,616 and swine
56,457. As compared with 1901 these numbers represent increases-
of pure-bred horses 22,393, or 208 p.c., cattle 47,398, or 62 p.c., sheep
8,299, or 18 p.c., and swine 15,628, or 38 p.c. Table 11 shows how
the pure-bred live stock in Canada in 1911 were distributed amongst the
principal breeds. Horses comprise 22 different breeds, the principal
in point of numbers being the Clydesdale, Shire, French-Canadian,
Percheron and Suffolk Punch amongst the heavy draught breeds and
Thoroughbreds, Hackneys and Standard Bred amongst the light
horses. Amongst the cattle Shorthorns very largely predominate
with 56,614, or 45 p.c. of the total. Holsteins are next with 23,292,
then Ayrshires 17,257, Jerseys 8,124 and Herefords 7,611. Sheep,
184
PRODUCTION.
numbering 53,616, consist of 14 named breeds. The largest numbers
are Shropshires 17,678, next come Oxford Downs 9,127, Leicesters
8,919 and Cotswolds 8,539. Swine, numbering 56,457, consist most
largely of Yorkshires 27,730, Berkshires 13,889, Tamworths 4,301 and
Chester Whites 4,198.
11. Numbers of Pure-bred Live Stock in Canada, 1911.
Description.
Number.
Description.
Number.
Horses
Thoroughbred. . . .
Standard Bred. . .
Hackney
Coach
French Canadian.
Clydesdale
Shire
Suffolk Punch....
Percheron
Belgian
Ardennais
Not specified
All other. .
Total
Cattle-
Shorthorns
Hereford
Devon
Red Polled
Aberdeen Angus. ,
Galloway
Ayrshire
Holsteins
Jersey
Guernsey
French Canadian.
Not specified
All other. .
Total
753
2,598
906
247
1,387
19,911
743
207
2,762
216
521
2,681
217
Sheep
Cotswold. . . .
Leicester ....
Lincoln
Oxford Down
Shropshire. . .
Southdown . .
Suffolk.
Hampshire.. .
Dorset
Not specified .
All other .
Total
33,149
56,614
7,611
84
340
3,337
521
17,257
23,292
8,124
521
2,245
3,851
102
Swine
Yorkshire ....
Berkshire
Chester White
Tamworth. . . .
Poland China .
Hampshire
Duroc Jersey . .
Not specified . .
All other .
Total
123,899
8,539
8,919
2,986
9,127
17,678
1,828
331
727
970
2,305
206
53,616
27,730
13,889
4,198
4,301
970
916
730
3,666
57
56,457
Dairy Products. Measurement of the progress of dairying in Canada
is possible by comparing the results of the census of dairy industries
taken in 1911 with those of the previous census of 1900 and of the
postal census of dairy products taken in 1907. This is done in Table 12,
which shows by provinces the number of factories and creameries and
the quantity and value of cheese and butter produced for each of the
years 1900, 1907 and 1910. But the figures in this table relate only to
the production of factories and creameries and do not include butter
and cheese made on the farm. The quantities and values of home-made
butter and home-made cheese are shown in Tables 9, 13 and 14, the
quantities in Tables 13 and 14 and the values in Table 9. For 1900
there is no record of the quantities of home-made cheese, and the values
185
AGRICULTURE.
of dairy products for that year, totalling $66,470,953 and including milk
and cream sold to factories and cheese and butter, were not separately
distinguished. By adding together the quantities and values of the
factory and home-made butter we get a total butter production in
Canada for 1910 of 201,808,365 Ib. (home-made butter 137,110,200 Ib.
and factory butter 64,698,165 Ib.), as compared with 141,409,815 Ib. in
1900 (home-made butter 105,343,076 Ib. and factory butter 36,066,739
Ib.), with a value in 1910 of $45,915,342 (home-made butter $30,269,497
and factory butter $15,645,845). The increase in quantity is at the
rate of 42.71 p.c. Of cheese the total production in 1910 was
201,275,297 Ib. (factory cheese 199,904,205 Ib. and home-made cheese
1,371,092 Ib.), the value being $21,741,212 (factory cheese $21,587,124
and home-made cheese $154,088).
Milk. In 1910 the quantity of milk produced in Canada was return
ed by farmers as 9,806,741,348 Ib., as shown in Table 14; and in Table 9
the value of this production is given as $103,381,854. The values of
home-made cheese and butter are also given in Table 9, but as these
two products are made from a part of the milk, the value of which is
given in the same table, the figures for cheese and butter are printed
in italics as a caution against duplication.
Condensed Milk. In 1900 there were four condensed milk factories :
two in Nova Scotia, one in Ontario and one in Prince Edward Island.
The value of their products was $269,520. In 1907 there were seven
of these factories, the three additional establishments being situated
one in Ontario and two in Quebec. These produced 10,334,485 Ib. of
condensed and evaporated milk and 1,841,650 Ib. of condensed cream,
the total value of the products being $910,842. Table 15 shows by
provinces for the year 1910 the number of condensed milk factories and
the quantity and value of the products. The value of condensed milk,
etc., was thus $1,814,871 in 1910, as compared with $269,520 in 1900.
The total value of factory cheese, butter and condensed milk w r as
$39,047,840 in 1910, as compared with $29,731,922 in 1900, which is an
increase in the decade of 31.33 p.c. The average selling price of
cheese in 1910 was 10.80 cents, as compared with 10.06 cents in 1900,
and of butter 24.18 cents, as compared with 20.08 cents.
12. Cheese and Butter Production in Canada, 1900, 1907 and 1910.
Factories
Provinces.
cuiU
Cream
Cheese.
Butter.
eries.
No.
Lb.
$
Lb.
$
Prince Edward I.. .1900
47
4,457,719
449,400
562,220
118,402
1907
43
2,250,316
251,410
358,422
89,339
1910
44
3,293,755
354,378
670,908
156,478
Nova Scotia 1900
33
568,147
58,321
334,211
68,686
1907
13
181,956
22,066
198,238
49,047
1910
16
264,243
29,977
354,785
88,481
186
PRODUCTION.
12. Cheese and Butter Production in Canada, 1900, 1907 and 1910. concluded.
Provinces.
Factories
and
Cream
eries.
Cheese.
Butter.
New Brunswick . . . 1900
1907
1910
Quebec 1900
No.
68
53
42
1,992
2,074
2,142
1,336
1,209
1,248
69
51
42
5
7
27
18
53
56
8
12
8
3,576
3,515
3,625
Lb.
1,892,686
1,205,773
1,166,243
80,630,199
69,887,625
58,171,091
131,967,612
129,693,010
136,093,951
1,289,413
1,266,591
694,713
15,000
26,730
27,693
197,911
193,479
90,400
220,833,269
204,788,583
199,904 205
187,106
146,720
129,677
7,957,621
7,888,109
6,195,254
13,440,987
15,106,030
14,769,566
124,025
144,836
81,403
1,950
3,396
3,970
24,468
23,473
12,050
22,221,430
23 597,639
21.587,124
Lb.
287,814
969,167
849,633
24,625,000
31,056,154
41,782,678
7,559,542
8,862,618
14,085,655
1,557,010
1,561,398
2,050,487
339,014
132,803
1,548,696
406,120
1,507,697
2,149,121
395,808
1,283,797
1,206,202
36,066,739
45,930,294
64,698,165
$
58,589
231,102
212,205
4,916,756
7,256,629
9,961,732
1,527,935
2,120,457
3,379,063
292,247
388,427
511,972
70,037
36,599
381,809
82,630
362,782
533,422
105,690
414,680
420,683
7,240,972
10,949,062
15,645,845
1907
1910
Ontario 1900
1907
1910
Manitoba 1900
1907
1910
Saskatchewan 1900
1907
1910
Alberta 1900
1907
1910
British Columbia. .1900
19C7
1910
Totals for Canada.. 1900
1907
1910
13. Production of Home-made Butter and Cheese in Canada, 1870, 1880, 1890,
1900 and 1910.
Provinces.
1870.
1880.
1890.
Butter,
home
made.
Cheese, Butter,
home- home
made, made.
Cheese,
home
made.
Butter,
home
made.
Cheese,
home
made.
Prince Edward
Island
Lb.
7,161,867
5,115,947
24,289,127
37,623,643
Lb.
884,853
154,758
512,435
3,432,797
Lb.
1,688,690
7,465,285
6,527,176
30,630,397
54,862,365
957,152
343,387
70,717
Lb.
196,273
501,655
172,144
559,278
1,701,721
19,613
33,252
1,060
Lb.
1,969,213
9,011,118
7,798,268
30,113,226
55,564,496
4,830,368
393,089
1,897,432
Lb.
123,708
589,363
39,716
4,260,941
1,065,737
116,002
373
71,363
Nova Scotia ....
New Brunswick .
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
British Columbia
The Territories .
Total .
74.190.584
4.984.843 102.545.169
3.184.996
111.577,210
6,267,203
187
AGRICULTURE.
13. Production of Home-made Butter and Cheese in Canada, 1870, 1880, 1890,
1900 and 1910 concluded.
Provinces.
1900.
1910.
Butter,
home
made.
Butter,
home-made.
Cheese,
home-made.
Prince Edward Island
Lb.
1,398,112
9,060,742
7,842,533
18,357,188
55,378,568
8,676,661
2,271,455
1,265,262
1,092,555
Lb.
2.309,691
10,978,911
9,053,394
19,585,981
63,253,444
10,937,864
12,053,201
7,689,432
1,248,282
$
469,604
2,263,879
1,900,551
4,352,299
13,743,254
2,571,053
2,749,637
1,826.280
392J940
Lb.
9,422
199,250
3,567
358,625
295,886
327,525
27,730
141,604
7,483
$
1,070
18,317
375
41,794
35,956
33,364
3,454
18,860
898
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba . ...
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Total
105,343,076
137,110,200
30,269,497
1,371,092
154,088
14. Quantities of Animal Products of the Farm, 1900 and 1910.
Kinds.
1900.
1910.
Kinds.
1900.
1910.
Canada
Wool
Lb.
10,657,597
Lb.
6,933,955
New Brunswick-
Wool.
Lb.
709,816
Lb.
487 691
Milk, total. . .
Butter, home
made
i
105,343,076
9,806,741,348
137,110,200
Milk, total. . .
Butter, home
made
i
7,842,533
344,888,058
9 053 394
Cheese, "
Honev .
i
3,569,567
1,371,092
6,089,784
Cheese "
Honev
i
41,506
3,567
42,644
Eggs. .
Doz.
84,132,802
Doz.
123,071,034
Eggs.
Doz.
3,120,012
Doz.
3 887 364
Prince Edward
Island
Lb.
Lb.
Quebec
Wool
Lb.
2,772,894
Lb.
1,883 491
Wool
420,438
273,633
Milk, total...
i
2,701,971,618
Milk, total. . .
Butter, home
i
156,864,012
Butter, home
made
18,357,188
19,585,981
made
1,398,112
2,309,691
Cheese "
358,625
Cheese, "
i
9,422
Honey
1,090,599
1,393,460
Honev
2,177
2,844
Doz.
Doz.
Doz.
Doz.
Eggs .
15,502,415
20 104 834
Eggs .
2,426,251
3,549,090
*- &o >j
Nova Scotia
Wool .
Lb.
872,544
Lb.
698,331
Ontario
Wool
Lb.
5,017,585
Lb.
2,760,110
Milk, total...
Butter, home
made
i
9,060,742
426,118,151
10,978,911
Milk, total...
Butter, home
made
i
55,378,568
4,295,977,547
63,253,444
Cheese "
Honey
i
15,122
199,250
25,617
Cheese "
Honev.
i
2,366,144
295,886
4,521,740
Eggs.
Doz.
4.419.239
Doz.
5.183.355
Eggs.
Doz.
49.779.845
Doz.
58.888.614
Not reported in 1901.
188
PRODUCTION.
14. Quantities of Animal Products of the Farm, 1900 and 1910 concluded.
Kinds.
1900.
1910.
Kinds.
1900.
1910.
Manitoba-
Wool
Lb.
137,469
Lb.
93,621
Alberta-
Wool
Lb.
281,633
Lb.
297 6?3
Milk, total...
Butter, home
made
i
8,676,661
543,889,750
10,937,864
Milk, total...
Butter, home
made
i
1,265,262
526,472,140
7,689,432
Cheese "
Honey
i
16,242
327,525
62,067
Cheese "
Honey ... .
i
3,750
141,604
5 108
Eggs .
Doz.
5,038,062
Doz.
9,646,823
Eees.
Doz.
980,852
Doz.
7 013 717
*&&**
Saskatchewan-
Wool
Lb.
344,869
Lb.
328,397
British Colum
bia-
Lb.
Lb.
Milk, total. . .
i
662,092,621
Wool
100,349
111,058
Butter, home
made
2,271,455
12,053,201
Milk, total...
Butter, home
i
148,467,451
Cheese "
i
27,730
made
1,092.555
1,248,282
Honey.
190
4,428
Cheese "
7,483
Doz.
Doz.
Honey
33,837
31,876
Eerers .
1,216,385
11,437,440
Doz.
Doz.
Eggs.
1,649,741
3,359,797
!Not reported in 1901.
15. Quantity and Value of Condensed Milk Products by Provinces, 1910.
Provinces.
Fac
tories.
Quantity.
Value.
Provinces.
Fac
tories.
Quantity.
Value.
Prince Ed
ward Island
Nova Scotia
No.
1
2
1
Lb.
794,070
2,020,200
2,464,546
$
50,900!
133,956
250,000
Ontario
No.
6
1
Lb.
21,552,780
1,000,000
$
1,335,689
44,326
British
Columbia. .
Total ....
v^iieoec
11
27,831,596
1,814,871
Including $900 value of other products.
Orchards and Gardens.- -Table 16 shows that from 1891 to 1901
there was a decrease of 25,265 acres in the area devoted to orchards,
but that from 1901 to 1911 there was an increase of 47,490 acres. Vine
yards had an area of- 9,836 acres in 1911 as against 5,600 acres in 1901,
being an increase of 4,236 acres in the ten years. The combined area
of small fruits and vegetables in 1901 was 116,517 acres, as compared
with an acreage in 1911 of 223,506, of which 17,495 acres were in fruit
and 206,011 acres were in vegetables. The total area under orchards
and gardens increased by a little less than 3 p.c. in the ten years 1891
to 1901, while the increase from 1901 to 1911 was about 33 p.c. Table
189
AGRICULTURE.
17 shows that the number of fruit trees in bearing in Canada was
14,002,145 in 1911, as compared with 14,960,346 in 1901, whilst the
number of non-bearing fruit trees increased from 6,240,893 in 1901 to
3,315,236 in 1911. The production of fruit trees in 1901 and 1911 is
shown in Table 18 and the value of fruits and vegetables in Table 19.
Of small fruits the production in 1900 and 1910 was as follows: Grapes
32,898,438 Ib. in 1910, as compared with 24,302,634 Ib. in 1900; straw
berries 18,686,662 boxes in 1910; currants and gooseberries 3,830,609
quarts in 1910; all other small fruits 9,000,208 boxes in 1910. In 1900,
21,707,791 quarts included currants, gooseberries, strawberries and all
other small fruits.
16. Areas under Orchards and Gardens in Canada, 1891, 1901 and 1911.
10Q1
1001
1Q1 1
Per
cent, of 1
;0tal.
v_;i aSSeS.
IOc/1.
lyui.
iyn .
1891.
1901.
1911.
Orchards
Acres.
381,371
Acres.
356,106
Acres.
403,596
p.c.
82.10
p.c.
74 45
p.c.
63 37
Vinevards
5,951
5,600
9836
1.28
1 17
1 54
Small fruits
13,411
i
17,495
2.88
i
2 75
Vegetables
63.729
116,517
206,011
13.74
24.38
32.34
Total
464,462
478,223
636,938
100.00
100 00
100 00
17. Bearing and Non-bearing Fruit Trees in Canada, 1901 and 1911.
Kinds.
Trees, bearing.
Trees, non-bearing.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
Apple
No.
11,025,789
819,985
617,293
1,452,269
903,140
141,870
No.
10,617,372
839,288
581,704
1,075,130
741,992
146,659
No.
4,028,086
481,790
344,808
963,426
385,228
37,555
No.
5,599,804
1,056,359
385,538
637,220
495,082
141,233
Peach
Pear
Plum
Cherry
Other
Totals
14,960,346
14,002,145
6,240,893
8,315,236
Included with vegetables.
190
PRODUCTION.
18. Orchard Trees in 1901 and 1911, and Production of Fruit in 1900 and 1910.
Kinds.
Trees, bearing.
Trees, non-bearing.
Production of fruit.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
1900.
1910.
P. E. Island
Apples
No.
115,091
72
621
13,001
48,917
47,378
1,203,745
4,482
21,014
93,790
43,153
14,806
456,115
86
721
16,900
21,239
12,326
1,476,727
68
5,191
245,370
317,762
23,711
7,551,636
811,725
564,798
999,091
446,556
38,517
1,091
24,094
8,102
300
192
47
No.
147,737
209
1,415
11,517
37,682
4,587
1,596,056
2,926
37,154
52,764
31,056
2,852
393,874
667
811
11,445
11,425
1,839
1,252,835
1,734
4,014
136,270
112,056
33,411
6,710,033
794,192
505,368
784,036
506,868
48,121
4,292
31
14
5,183
9,776
22,151
1,449
1
8
716
237
4,816
No.
87,009
91
1,341
14,479
21,514
10,546
771,830
6,015
35,086
78,655
18,883
3,321
219,249
247
1,779
16,371
13,331
3,470
780.025
264
6.632
118,910
76,328
4,817
1,989,983
470,772
280,175
686,626
237,792
10,263
7,241
17,569
5,540
831
3,681
2,280
70
No.
58,259
341
1,024
9,108
15,412
5,636
884,984
2,038
25,132
37,734
13,672
1,141
229,828
251
1,137
10,541
7,656
3,014
859,812
688
3,812
126,156
53,778
9,538
2,073,576
890,455
237,769
345,991
327,894
54,296
17,801
47
59
8,801
2,371
5,836
5,434
12
92
2,209
924
4,960
Bush.
159,421
45
279
4,265
17,838
2,639
2,065,101
3,231
14,881
28,931
16,669
2 : 229
503,214
87
279
4,637
4,233
1,096
2,025.113
17
3,275
122,648
150,690
21,386
13,631,264
539,482
487,759
337,108
132,177
40,108
571
2,006
673
987
21
13
Bush.
160,375
13
773
5.231
7; 135
1,479
1,666,977
1,043
23,506
16.984
10,004
1,580
272,884
49
423
3,778
1,680
301
1,482,095
1,484
4,886
53,947
45,744
9,796
6,459,151
600,187
423,568
346,944
146,440
20,465
1,528
18
13
1,645
547
2,427
90
2
17
6
213
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Nova Scotia
Apples .
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
New Brunswick-
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Quebec
Apples . ,
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Ontario
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Manitoba
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Saskatchewan
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
191
AGRICULTURE.
18. Orchard Trees in 1901 and 1911, and Production of Fruit in 1900 and 1910
concluded.
Kinds.
Trees, bearing.
Trees, non-bearing.
Production of fruit.
1901.
1911.
1901.
1911.
1900.
1910.
Alberta
Apples
No.
400
51
42
220
3,552
24,948
59,780
17,322
5,132
11,025,789
819,985
617,293
1,452,269
903,140
141,870
No.
333
6
12
132
195
5,969
510,763
39,522
32,908
73,067
32,697
22,913
10,617,372
839,288
581,704
1,075,130
741,992
146,659
No.
958
470
83
170,960
4,401
19,795
26,663
9,477
5,068
4,028,086
481,790
344,808
963,426
385,228
37,555
No.
4,448
20
26
536
285
6,163
1,465,662
162,507
116,487
96,144
73,090
50,649
5,599,804
1,056,359
385,538
637,220
495,082
141,233
Bush.
500
38
13
240,012
2,553
25,364
58,221
14,445
2,938
18,626,186
545,415
531,837
557,875
336,751
70,396
Bush.
189
4
1
59
575,377
44,032
51,000
80,444
27,417
11,469
10,618,666
646,826
504,171
508,994
238,974
- 47,789
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
British Colum
bia
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
Canada
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Other
19. Value of Fruits and Vegetables, in Canada, 1900 and 1910.
Provinces.
Value in 1910 of
Value of fruit and
vegetables in
Orchard
fruits.
Small
fruits.
Vegetables.
1900.
1910.
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
$ .
132,233
1,547,245
267,993
1,186,479
5,564,133
7,146
327
401
1,022,576
. $
25,564
87,161
62,806
284,633
2,254,913
14,690
3,828
6,469
312,528
$
70,692
1,392,039
873,861
5,797,666
6,043,617
1,428,402
1,047,082
1,129,922
1,023,263
$
228,489
3,026,445
1,204,660
7,268,778
13,862,663
1,450,238
1,051,237
1,136,792
2,358,367
$
139,004
1,407,369
394,337
2,564,801
7,809,084
163,958
48,474
32,079
435,794
New Brunswick. .......
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Canada
9,728,533
3,052,592
18,806,544
31,587,669
12,994,900
192
PRODUCTION.
Cold Storage of Perishable Products. Under the Cold Storage
Act, 1907 (6-7 Edw. VII, c. 6), subsidies are granted by the Dominion
Government towards the construction and equipment of cold storage
warehouses open to the public, the Act and regulations made there
under being administered by the Department of Agriculture. 1 Table
20 gives a list of the cold storage warehouses in Canada, with refriger
ated space amounting to 24,047,520 cubic feet, of which 4,441,207
cubic feet apply to warehouses subsidised under the Act.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915.
(A) SUBSIDISED PUBLIC WAREHOUSES.
Name.
Place.
Refrigerated
Space.
Principal
Articles Stored.
Prince Edward Island-
Island Cold Storage Co.
Nova Scotia
Lockport Cold Storage
Co
North Atlantic Fisheries
New Brunswick-
Cold Storage, Ltd
New Brunswick Cold
Storage Co
Quebec
Dominion Fish & Fruit
Co
J. H. Sansregret
Ontario
Algoma Produce Co ....
Brantford Cold Storage
Co
Chatham Fruit Growers
Association
Flavelles, Ltd
Gunns, Ltd
Lemon Bros
Chatham Packing Co.,
Ltd., successors to
O Keefe & Drew Abat
toir Co
Palmerston Cold Storage
Co
Scott & Hogg
Charlottetown.
Lockport
Port Hawkesbury
Woodstock.
St. John.
Quebec .
Joliette.
Sault Ste. Marie.
Brantford
Chatham . . .
Lindsay
Harriston. . .
Owen Sound.
Chatham
Palmerston ....
Peterborough. .
Cubic Feet.
150,000
59,940
338,550
37,161
744,000
225,000
23,394
55,806
36,000
50,000
131,510
57,069
66,000
144,400
169,984
90,000
General.
Fish and General.
Fish and General.
General.
General.
General.
General.
General.
General.
Fruit and General
General.
General.
General.
Meat and General
General.
General.
Canada Year Book, 1907, pp. xvi-xvii, and Bulletin 23, March, 1910, of
Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner s Series, Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
193
AGRICULTURE.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915 con.
(A) SUBSIDISED PUBLIC WAREHOUSES con.
Name.
Place.
Refrigerated
Space.
Principal
Articles Stored.
Ontario con.
St. Lawrence Produce
Co
Brockville
Cubic Feet.
106,000
General.
St. Thomas Cold Storage
Co
St. Thomas
174,141
Meat and General
The J D Moore Co ...
St Mary s
105,000
General.
Trenton Cooperage
Mills Ltd
Trenton
166,446
Fruit.
Whvtp Parkins 1 Co
Mitchell
30,600
General.
Manitoba
Brandon Creamery &
SllDT)lv Co
Brandon
27,500
General.
Saskatchewan
Ditv Cold Storage Co
Regina
100,672
General.
Moose jaw Cold Storage
Co
Moose jaw
189,764
General.
Metropolitan Cold Stor-
ao-p TTpnri Gauvin
Vonda
24,000
General.
Alberta
Merchants Cold Storage
Calsiarv.
111,050
General.
Edmonton Cold Storage
Co
Edmonton
150,056
General.
British Columbia
Canadian Fish and Cole
Storage Co
Prince Rupert. . . .
781,000
Fish and General.
H & K Trading Co
Penticton
32,164
General.
The B Wilson Co
Victoria
64^00
General.
Total
4,441,207
(B) NON-SUBSIDISED.
Nova Scotia
*Canso Cold Storage Co.
Canso
62,000
Fish only.
*The Halif axCold Storage
Co
Halifax
80,000
Fish and General.
New Brunswick
The Sussex Packing Co.,
Ltd
Sussex
82,800
Meat.
NOTE. Those against which an asterisk (*) is placed are Public Warehouses.
194
PRODUCTION.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915. con.
(B) NON-SUBSIDISED COD.
Name.
Place.
Refrigerated
Space.
Principal
Articles Stored,
Quebec
Matthews Blackwell Co.
Ltd
*Canada Cold Storage Co.
*A. A. Ayer Cold Storage
Co
*Gunn, Langlois & Co . . .
*The Gould Cold Storage
Co
Matthews Blackwell Co.
Ltd
*Lovell & Christmas ....
The Wm. Davies Co.
Ltd
Wm. Clark
Montreal Abattoirs, Ltd
Montreal Abattoirs, Ltd
SocieteS.P.A
Gordon-Ironside &
Fares Co
Swift Canadian Co.,
Ltd
Masterman Packing &
Provision Co
*Alex. Ames & Sons
Ontario
Matthews Blackwell Co.
Ltd
Collingwood Packing
Co.."
*Long Bros
The Wm. Ryan Co., Ltd.
The Wm. Davies Co.,
Ltd
*Fearman Cold Storage &
Warehousing Co
Armour & Company ....
Ingersoll Packing Co. . .
*The London Cold Storage
& Warehousing Co . . .
Dominion Abattoirs
Ltd
*McDougall Bros
*Ottawa Cold Stores
Matthews Blackwell Co.
Ltd
Whyte Packing Co
*J. B. Jackson
*The Grimsby Pre-Cool-
ing & Experimental
Warehouse
(Dominion Government)
Hull
Montreal
Montreal
Montreal
Montreal .
Montreal.
Montreal .
Montreal .
Montreal .
Montreal .
Montreal .
Montreal .
Montreal
Montreal
Montreal . . .
Sherbrooke .
Brantford
Collingwood
Collingwood
Fergus
Harriston
Hamilton.
Hamilton .
Ingersoll.
London ,
London
Owen Sound
Ottawa . ,
Peterboro
Stratford .
Simcoe
Grimsby.
Cubic Feet.
151,000
762,000
700,000
400,000
500,000
200,000
460,000
225,950\
Freezer Space /
75,000
270,000
203,976
11,000
19,600
[ 47,1001
\Freezer Space /
35,000
110,000
250,000
160,000
36,000
30,000
/. 82,5041
\Freezer Space /
155,200
570,809
550,000
400,000
x
66,400
129,000
175,000
200,000
36,000
40,000
Meat.
General.
Dairy Produce.
General.
General.
Meat and Gen l,
Dairy Produce.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat and Gen l.
Meat.
Meat and Dairy
Products.
General.
Meat.
General.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
General.
Fruit.
NOTE. Those against which an asterisk (*) is placed are Public Warehouses.
195
AGRICULTURE.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915 con.
(B) NON-SUBSIDISED COD.
Name.
Place.
Ontario con.
*St. Catharines Cold
Storage Co
Morgan Cold Storage. . .
Gordon-Ironside & Fares
Co
Gordon-Ironside & Fares
Co
Gallagher, Holman &
Laf ranee
Swift Canadian Co. , Ltd.
Swift Canadian Co., Ltd.
Gunns, Limited
Gunns, Limited
Gunns, Limited
St. Catharines . . .
Delhi.
&
*Mannings Cold Storage
Co
*Public Cold Storage
Warehousing Co
The Wm. Da vies Co.,
Ltd
Matthews Blackwell Co.
The Harris Abattoir Co.
Ltd
The Harris Abattoir Co.
Ltd
*Municipal Abattoir
W. Wight & Co
The Bowes Co., Ltd. . . .
The James Fish Co
The Doyle Fish Co
Marshalls Limited
J. J. Fee
W. T. McDonald.
Port Arthur
Fort William
Fort William
Fort William
West Toronto
West Toronto
Toronto
Toronto .
Manitoba
*Manitoba Cold Storage
Co.,
Swift Canadian Co., Ltd.
Swift Canadian Co. , Ltd.
Gordon-Ironside & Fares
^
Gallagher, Holman &
Laf ranee .............
Western Packing Co. . . .
The Wm. Davies Co..
Ltd ..................
The W.J. Guest Fish Co.
Toronto
Toronto
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Toronto .
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg .
Winnipeg .
Refrigerated
Space.
Cubic Feet.
20,000
24,000
48,000
81,000
9,200
36,576
\Freezer Space /
763,000\
Freezer Space /
175,000
30,000 |
70,000
300,000
768,000
244,436\
\Freezer Space /
362,000
422,400
384,000
155,904
x
40,000
40,000
25,000
40,000
30,000
25,000
1,500,000
87,5201
(Freezer Space
71,867
\Freezer Space
417,000
151,810
48,000
84,0001
\Freezer Space J
30,000
Principal
Articles Stored.
Fruit,
Eggs.
Meat,
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat and Gen l.
Meat.
Eggs and Butter.
Eggs, Butter and
Poultry.
General.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat and Gen l.
Meat and Gen l.
Meat and Gen l.
Meat.
General Produce.
Fish.
Fish.
General Produce.
General Produce.
General Produce.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Fish.
NOTE Those against which an asterisk (*) is placed are Public Warehouses.
196
PRODUCTION.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915 con.
(B) NON-SUBSIDISED. con.
,Name.
Place.
Refrigerated
Space.
Principal Articles
Stored.
Saskatchewan
Gordon-Ironside &
Fares Co
Gordon-Ironside &
Fares Co
Gordon-Ironside &
Fares Co. .
Moosejaw.
Saskatoon
Regina . . .
Alberta
Swift Canadian Co.,
Ltd..
P. Burns & Co., Ltd.
Swift Canadian Co.,
Ltd..
Calgary . .
Calgary . .
Edmonton
P. Burns & Co., Ltd.
Gainers, Ltd
Campbell, Wilson &
Home .
Edmonton
South Edmonton
Lethbridge ,
British Columbia
Wallace Bros
The Skeena River Fish
eries.
*Nicola Valley Meat
Market
Standard Fish & Fertil
izer Co., Ltd
*Knight Cold Storage Co.
*Columbia Cold Storage
^ Co
St. Mungo Packing Co. .
Cleeve Canning & Cold
Storage Co
Vancouver Prince Rup
ert Meat Co
P. Burns & Co., Ltd....
Canadian, Fishing Co ...
*Vancouver Ice & Cold
Storage Co
Vancouver Prince Rup
ert Meat Co
Vancouver Prince Rup
ert Meat Co .
Claxton. . .
Haysport,
Merritt..
Pacofi.
Vernon
Swift Canadian Co., Ltd.
*The British Columbia
Cold Storage Co
Vancouver Prince Rup
ert Meat Co. .
New Westminster
New Westminster
New Westminster
New Westminster
Vancouver. . . .
Vancouver. . . .
Vancouver. . . .
Vancouver. . . .
Vancouver. . . .
Vancouver. . . .
Victoria
Victoria.
Cubic Feet.
600,000
60,000
75,000
/ 33,457)
\Freezer Space/
1,337,414
f 408,OOOT
\Freezer Space]
299,447
94,080
5,000
25,515
108,000
18,576
59,400
7,920
250,000
40,000
25,000
250,000
700,000
300,000
700,000
100,000
60,000
/ 110,115\
\Freezer Space/
35,000
50,000
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat and General.
Meat and General.
Meat and General.
Meat.
General.
Fish only.
Fish only.
Meat.
Fish.
General.
Fish and General.
Fish.
Fish.
Meat.
Meat.
Fish only.
General.
Meat.
Meat.
Meat.
General.
Meat.
NOTE. Those against which an asterisk (*) is placed are Public Warehouses.
197
AGRICULTURE.
20. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1915 concluded.
(B) NON-SUBSIDISED COD..
Names.
Place.
Refrigerated
Space.
Principal Articles
Stored.
British Columbia con.
Swift Canadian Co.,
Ltd..
Victoria
Swift Canadian Co.,
Ltd..
P. Burns & Co., Ltd. . . .
Yukon Territory
*Pacific Cold Storage Co.
Nelson
Nelson
Dawson
Total (not including unreported space
marked x)
Grand total. .
18,600 N i
Freezer Space/
6,726\
Freezer Space/
24,111
44,900
19,606,313
24,047,520
Meat.
Meat.
Meat and General.
Fish.
Beetroot Sugar. It is estimated by the Census and Statistics
Office that in 1914 12,100 acres of sugar beetroots were grown for
manufacturing purposes in Ontario and Alberta, as compared with
17,000 acres in 1913. In Alberta, of the total area planted in 1914,
only 100 acres were harvested, the drought in this province having
caused an almost total failure of the crop. The total yield of roots
is estimated at 108,600 tons, the average yield per acre being about
nine tons. At an average price of $6 per ton the total value of the
crop was about $651,000. At the conclusion of the sugar campaign
of 1914 the production of refined beetroot sugar by the three Canadian
factories was reported as 27,545,248 lb., as compared with 23,964,272
Ib. of refined beetroot sugar produced in 1913.
Tobacco. Table 21 is an estimate by the Tobacco Division of
the Department of Agriculture of the acreage and yield of tobacco in
Canada in 1914, as compared with 1913. The season of 1914 was not
favourable for securing the best results. In Quebec the summer was
too cool and dry and the fall too rainy; so that the yield was below average
and the leaf small and of medium quality. In Ontario the fall was
favourable to late crops and to curing, and the quality of the crop
was about normal.
21. Area and Yield of Tobacco in Canada, 1913 and 1914.
Province.
1913.
1914.
1913.
1914.
1913.
1914.
Quebec
Acres.
5,000
Acres.
4,750
Lb.
4,500,000
Lb.
5,000,000
Lb. per
acre.
900
Lb.per
acre.
950
Ontario
6,000
5,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
1,300
1,200
Total
11,000
9,750
12,500,000
11,000,000
1,136
1,128
198
PRODUCTION.
Cost of Grain Production. In 1912 and again in 1914 inquiries
were made by the Census and Statistics Office into the cost of grain-
growing in Canada, and averages were compiled from the returns of
over 1,000 correspondents of the cost per acre of growing wheat, oats,
barley, flax and corn in the years 1911 and 1913. Table 22 shows
per acre by provinces the itemized costs of production, the value and
the profit for the year 1913, and Table 23 gives per acre the total cost,
value of produce and profit, by provinces, for the year 1913 compared
with 1911. Compared by provinces the largest profit from grain grow
ing in 1913 was apparently made in Quebec; but it must be noted that
comparatively little grain is sold off the farms in that province, and the
value of cereals is largely dependent upon the dairying industry in
connection with which they are chiefly grown. In Nova Scotia grain-
growing is not the main agricultural feature, and the cost of the commer
cial fertilisers, though debited to the grain crop of the year, has doubt
less an effect upon succeeding crops such as potatoes, turnips, etc.
Another noteworthy point is the small profit shown in the three North
west provinces, which is apparently due to low prices. This remark
applies especially to Saskatchewan, where, moreover, in the case of
the flax crop, a loss is shown of nearly $1 per acre. In British Columbia,
where the returns are high, the acreage affected is small, and the figures
are based upon a smaller number of returns than in the case of the
other provinces. 1
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces, 1913.
Items.
Fall
wheat.
Spring
wheat.
Oats.
Barley.
Flax.
Corn
for
husking.
Canada
Preparation ....
$ c.
3.77
$ c.
3.34
$ c.
3.17
$ c.
3.10
$ c.
3.20
$ c.
4.53
Seed
1.66
1.63
1.16
1.18
.99
.78
Seeding
.61
.61
.62
.60
.56
1.27
Cultivation
.72
.53
.56
.53
.46
2.95
Harvesting
1.57
1.42
1.47
1.41
1.23
2.71
Threshing
2.05
2.36
2.55
2.34
2.73
3.22
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.35
.37
.37
.37
.36
.46
Rental value
3.07
2.64
2.68
2.63
2.60
3.10
Total. ....
13.80
12.90
12.58
12.16
12.13
19.02
Value of Produce
20.94
17.15
15.00
16.00
13.31
30.27
Profit
7.14
4.25
2.42
3.84
1.18
11.25
Complete reports on the results of these inquiries were published in the
Census and Statistics Monthly for March, 1912 (Vol. 5, No. 46, pp. 51-57), and for
December, 1914 (Vol. 7, No. 76, pp. 299-306).
199
AGRICULTURE.
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces, 1913 con.
Items.
Fall
wheat.
Spring
wheat.
Oats.
Barley.
Corn
Flax. for
husking.
Prince Edward Island-
Preparation
$ c.
$ c.
2.29
$ c.
2.47
$ c.
2.51
$ C. ; $ C.
Seed
.
2.53
1.53
1.59
Seeding
.54
.55
.51
_
Cultivation
.
.68
.76
.73
Harvesting
,
1.23
1.28
1.22
_
Threshing
1.76
1.80
1.79
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.51
.51
.50
Rental value
_
2.53
2.32
2.40
Total
^.
12.07
11.22
11.25
Value of produce
,
21.32
16.00
18.66
Profit
_
9.25
4.78
7.41
Nova Scotia
Commercial fertilizers. . . .
5.18
5.00
5.28
Preparation.
^_
4.09
3.78
3.56
Seed
__
2.47
2.00
1.89
Seeding
_
.91
.97
.81
Cultivation
1.33
.88
1.00
Harvesting . .
,
2.00
1.84
1.88
Threshing
_
2.13
2.23
2.32
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.54
.51
.40
_
Rental value
__
2.50
2.00
2.50
_ _
Total
21.15
19.21
19.64
- -
Value of produce
.
23.25
21.60
22.25
Profit
_
2.10
2.39
2.61
- -
New Brunswick-
Preparation
3.93
3.78
4.08
Seed
.__
2.16
1.86
1.66
- -
Seeding
1.06
.96
.98
- -
Cultivation
1.36
1.90
1.33
Harvesting .
1.98
1.75
1.78
Threshing
,
2.06
1.90
2.04
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.54
.57
.54
i
- |
Rental value
__
2.87
2.76
2.89
Total
_
15.96
15.48
15.30
. -
Value of produce
25.77
18.40
20.57
-
Profit
9.81
2.92
5.27
Quebec
Preparation
4.11
3.37
3.21
3.32
3.45 i 4.45
Seed..
2.26
2.31
1.52
1.57
1.63 .93
Seeding
1.03
.84
.87
.89
.75 1.74
Cultivation
.48
.71
.69
.68
.75 3.39
Harvesting .
1.50
1.57
1.53
1.55
2.22 3.04
Threshing
1.32
1.55
1.46
1.55
1.79 2.93
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.28
.38
.37
.38
.33 .44
200
PRODUCTION.
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces, 1913 con.
Items.
Fall
wheat.
Spring
wheat.
Oats.
Barley.
Flax.
Corn
for
husking.
Quebec con.
Rental value
$ c.
2.90
$ c.
2.80
$ c.
2 65
$ c.
2 70
$ c.
2 90
$ c.
3 20
Total
13 88
13 53
12 30
12 64
13 82
20 12
Value of produce
20.30
22.37
16 50
20 74
22.42
32 01
Profit
6.42
8 84
4 20
8 10
8 60
11 89
Ontario
Preparation
4.15
3.43
3 45
3 43
i
3 75
4 55
Seed
1.74
1.69
1 08
1 26
1 41
.64
Seeding
57
65
60
58
73
80
Cultivation
.74
67
72
74
89
2 45
Harvesting
1.56
1.47
1 51
1 48
2 60
2.28
Threshing
1.78
1.64
1 71
1.70
2.04
3.35
Wear and tear of imple
ments
38
33
36
35
51
47
Rental value
3.15
2.95
3 00
3.09
3.79
3.22
Total
14 07
12 83
12 43
12 63
15 72
17.76
Value of produce
21.78
18.58
16 70
18.42
19.84
28.60
Profit
7.71
5 75
4 27
5 79
4.12
10.84
Manitoba
Preparation
2.25
2.64
2 35
2.34
2 45
Seed
. +*TJ
1.28
1.41
93
.91
.90
Seeding
.47
.45
45
.46
.49
Cultivation
.28
.40
39
.37
.38
_
Harvesting
1.17
1.12
1 13
1.11
1.02
Threshing
2.79
2.26
2 91
2.58
2.68
_
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.31
.37
36
.37
.31
Rental value
2.29
2.82
2 65
2.68
2.79
Total
10.84
11.47
11 17
10.82
11.02
Value of produce
16.55
14.12
12 56
11.84
14.42
Profit
5.71
2.65
1 39
1.02
3.40
Saskatchewan
Preparation
3.43
3 07
2.80
3.26
Seed
__
1.31
88
.85
.81
Seeding
.50
83
.50
.53
Cultivation
.40
38
.35
.38
i _
Harvesting
__
1.23
1 23
1.18
.89
_
Threshing
2.90
3 77
3.02
3.12
_
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.38
.36
.35
.36
Rental value
__
2.38
2 25
2.18
2.35
Total
.
12.53
12.77
11.23
11.69
Value of Produce
14.25
12 25
11.67
10.73
Profit
PM
1.72
.52 1
.44
.96 1
Alberta
Preparation
2.60
3.33
2.99
3.01
3.24
Seed
1.09
1.21
92
.88
.89
Seeding
.49
.51
.51
.50
.49
_
] Loss.
201
AGRICULTURE.
22. Average cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking, in Canada and the Provinces, 1913 concluded.
Items.
Fall
wheat.
Spring
wheat.
Oats.
Barley.
|
Flax.
Corn
for
husking.
Alberta con.
Cultivation
$ c.
.51
$ c.
.49
$ c.
.46
$ c.
.49
$ c.
41
$ c.
Harvesting
1.54
1.53
1.59
1.52
1 00
_
Threshing
2 93
2.96
3.15
2 79
2 69
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.28
,33
.33
.33
37
Rental value
2.26
2.08
2.11
2.10
2 22
_
Total
11.70
12.44
12.06
11 62
11 31
Value of Produce
15.06
14.53
12.78
12.43
11 38
_
Profit
3.36
2.09
.72
.81
.07
_
British Columbia
Preparation
4.79
4.64
4.40
Seed
2.08
1.97
1.88
_
_
Seeding
.96
.93
.75
_
_
Cultivation
.98
1.06
.92
_
Harvesting
3.24
2.95
3.13
_
_
_
Threshing
4.32
3.77
4.12
M m
_
_
Wear and tear of imple
ments
.25
.29
.24
Rental value
10.40
8.28
10.08
..__,.
^_
Total
27.02
23.89
25.52
__
^_
Value of produce
40.14
32.58
30.20
_
|
Profit
13.12
8.69
4.68
_
_
23. Average total cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Flax and Corn for husking hi Canada and the Provinces for 1913,
compared with 1911.
Crops.
Total cost.
Value of produce.
Profit.
1911.
1913.
1911.
1913.
1911. 1913.
Canada
Fall wheat
$ c.
13.57
12.87
. 12.61
12.19
12.52
21.88
11.79
11.24
11.07
21.31
20.05
19.29
$ c.
13.80
12.90
12.58
12.16
12.13
19.02
12.07
11.22
11.25
21.15
19.21
19.64
$ c.
20.64
16.58
16.27
17.54
19.85
30.38
19.08
16.60
16.12
23.25
21.60
22.25
$ c.
20.94
17.15
15.00
16.00
13.31
30.27
21.32
16.00
18.66
21.53
20.33
20.11
$ c.
7.07
3.71
3.66
5.35
7.33
8.50
7.29
5.36
5.05
3.02
2.45
4.58
$ c.
7.14
4.25
2.42
3.84
1.18
11.25
9.25
4.78
7.41
2.10
2.39
2.61
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
Flax
Corn for husking
Prince Edward Island
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
Nova Scotia
Spring wheat
Oats
Barlev. .
202
PRODUCTION.
23. Average total cost of production, value and profit per acre of Wheat, Oats,
Barley, Flax and Corn for husking in Canada and the Provinces for 1913,
compared with 1911 concluded.
Crops
Total cost.
Value of produce.
Profit.
1911.
1913.
1911.
1913.
1911.
1913.
New Brunswick
Snrine wheat .
$ c.
14.31
13.49
12.45
14.24
13.95
13.28
14.63
20.00
14.10
12.71
12 17
12.07
14.00
19.48
11.47
11.22
11.02
11.49
12.18
13.07
11.29
12.60
12.32
12.38
12.29
11.45
11.56
16.58
19.68
22.37
22.54
$ c.
15.96
15.48
15.30
13.88
13.53
12.30
12.64
13.82
20.12
14.07
12.83
12.43
12.63
15.72
17.76
10.84
11.47
11.17
10.82
11.02
12.53
12.77
11.23
11.69
11.70
12.44
12.06
11.62
11.31
27.02
23.89
25.52
$ c.
21.17
19.26
20.59
20.64
20.19
20.14
20.73
33.11
22.36
16.16
14.76
18.43
21.55
28.13
16.67
16.00
17.00
22.00
13.60
14.30
14.37
19.41
18.24
13.85
14.87
15.21
17.83
28.00
36.00
34.00
36.00
$ c.
25.77
18.40
20.57
20.30
22.37
16.50
20.74
22.42
32.01
21.78
18.58
16.70
18.42
19.84
28.60
16.55
14.12
12.56
11.84
14.42
14.25
12.25
11.67
10.73
15.06
14.53
12.78
12.43
11.38
40.14
32.58
30.20
$ c.
6.86
5.77
8.14
6.40
6.24
6.86
6.10
13.11
8.26
3.45
2.59
6.36
7.55
8.65
5.20
4.78
5.98
10.51
1.42
1.23
3.08
6.81
5.92
1.47
2.58
3.76
6.27
11.42
16.32
11.63
13.46
$ c.
9.81
2.92
5.27
6.42
8.84
4.20
8.10
8.60
11.89
7.71
5.75
4.27
5.79
4.12
10.84
5.71
2.65
1.39
1.02
3.40
1.72
.52 1
.44
-96 1
3.36
2.09
.72
.81
.7
13.12
8.69
4.68
Oats
"Barlev
Quebec
TToll wheat
Snrints wheat .
Tlarlpv
Flax
Corn for husking
Ontario
TTftll wheat
Snriner wheat .
Oats
Barlev
Flax
Corn for husking
Manitoba
Fall wheat
Snrinff wheat
Oats
Rarlev
Flax
Saskatchewan
Snrinff wheat
Oats
Rarlev
Flax
Alberta
Fall wheat
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
Flax
British Columbia
Fall wheat
Spring wheat
Oats
Barley
1 Loss.
Wages of Farm Help in Canada. In recent years the wages of
farm help have increased considerably, and they reached their highest
point during the large harvest of 1913. But in 1914 the pendulum
swayed back, less labour being required on farms owing to lighter
crops. Since August, 1914, the war had for one of its effects an increase
in the supply of farm labour and consequently a fall in wages. The
demand for farm labour, since the setting in of the winter of 1914-15,
also decreased because of the increased cost of board. The estimated
203
AGRICULTURE.
average wages of farm help for 1914, compared with 1909 and 1910,
are given in Table 24, which is compiled from the returns of correspon
dents of the Census and Statistics Office. Owing to the causes men
tioned, farm wages in 1914 were generally at a lower level than in
1909 or 1910, and the cost of board increased. For all Canada the
average wages per month in the summer, including board, were $35.55
for male and $18.81 for female help; for the year, including board,
the average wages were $323.30 for males and $189.35 for females,
whilst the average cost of board per month was $14.27 for males and
$11.24 for females, as compared with $12.49 and $9.56 in 1910.
24. Average Wages of Farm Help in Canada, as compiled from the returns
of correspondents, 1909, 1910 and 1914.
Provinces.
Per month
in summer season
including board.
Per year,
including
board.
Average value
of board
per month.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
\
Canada 1909
$ c.
33.69
35.15
35.55
25.27
26.60
24.71
31.20
33.70
31.20
32.59
33.90
31.93
33.33
36.40
33.56
31.52
31.40
32.09
35.95
40.00
39.13
38.30
40.00
40.51
40.08
40.00
40.26
45.50
57.40
47.85
$ c.
19.08
20.70
18.81
13.87
15.00
13.48
15.00
16.90
14.80
16.02
16.70
15.10
16.75
18.98
15.65
18.22
20.10
16.67
23.97
25.00
22.35
24.23
24.50
22.96
26.16
27.50
23.63
25.27
38.00
31.18
$ c.
336.29
347.70
323.30
226.47
244.89
220.93
310.85
321.30
301.00
239.55
289.40
301.55
330.97
313.41
296.35
331.56
335.84
297.29
365.55
400.00
364.41
389.90
402.50
365.90
421.62
416.00
364.80
428.33
459.72
$ c.
206.08
209.69
189.35
144.27
149.25
135.89
165.13
175.60
155.47
172.13
151.65
164.79
176.89
177.94
152.38
203.37
211.10
172.00
261.84
282.00
225.61
263.86
263.60
234.93
285.12
300.00
236.32
265.00
324.44
$ c.
10.00
12.49
14.27
8.00
10.15
10.12
10.00
11.50
11.48
10.00
11.25
11.23
10.00
11.56
13.29
10.00
12.00
13.09
11.00
14.70
15.49
16.00
14.00
16.50
15.00
16.70
16.36
15.00
20.00
21.40
$ c.
8.00
9.56
11.24
6.00
7.60
7.62
7.00
7.90
8.11
8.00
7.50
7.76
8.00
8.00
9.37
8.00
9.60
10.43
9.00
n.30
12.98
10.00
13.00
13.96
12.00
13.90
13.91
10.00
17.00
17.58
1910
1914
Prince Edward Island . . 1909
1910
1914
Nova Scotia 1909
1910
1914
New Brunswick 1909
1910
1914
Quebec 1909
1910
1914
Ontario.. .1909
1910
1914
Manitoba.. .1909
1910
1914
Saskatchewan 1909
1910
1914
Alberta 1909
1910
1914
British Columbia 1909
1910
1914
204
PRODUCTION.
Stocks of Wheat in Canada. Tables 25 and 26 give the results of
a special inquiry into the stocks of wheat in Canada on February 8,
1915, conducted by the Census and Statistics Office, in conjunction
with the Department of Trade and Commerce and the Board of Grain
Commissioners for Canada by means of schedules addressed to elevator,
flour mill and railway companies and, for the purpose of estimating
the quantity in farmers hands, to the crop-reporting correspondents
of the Census and Statistics Office. For various reasons, such as failure
of delivery or closure during the winter, a small proportion of elevators,
chiefly smaller concerns operated by individuals, failed to reply to the
schedules. Allowing, therefore, one million bushels as the quantity in
store which was not included in the returns, the total in round figures
of 80-5 million bushels may be taken as the nearest possible estimate
of the total quantity of wheat, and flour expressed as wheat, in Canada
on February 8, 1915. No account was taken of quantities of wheat
flour in the hands of wholesale and retail vendors in towns and villages
throughout Canada, nor of quantities of wheat in local grist mills.
These quantities, although relatively small in individual cases, amount
to a considerable aggregate, tending to show that the estimate of 80-5
million bushels is not excessive.
25. Stocks of Wheat in Canada on February 8, 1915.
Wheat in
Wheat.
Wheat flour
expressed as
Wheat.
Total.
Terminal Elevators
Bushels.
2,853,679
Bushels.
Bushels.
2,853,679
Railway Elevators
1,213,952
1,213,952
Other Elevators
26,776,246
_
26,776,246
Flour Mills
4,274,858
1,885,982
6,160,840
Transit by Rail
10,754,864
2,258,764
13,013,628
Farmers hands
29,554,000
29,554,000
Total.
75,427,599
4,144,746
79,572,345
26. Estimated quantity of Wheat in Farmers Hands on February 8, 1915.
Per
Per
centage
centage
Province.
of
crop
Quantity.
Province.
of
crop
Quantity.
of
of
1914.
1914.
p.c.
Bushels.
p.c.
Bushels.
Prince Edward Island
57
461,000
Manitoba
15.0
5,791,000
Nova Scotia
34
89,000
Saskatchewan
14.0
10,289,000
New Brunswick . . .
26
61,000
Alberta
25.0
7,215,000
Quebec
28.0
277,000
British Columbia. .
20.0
74,000
iini" & TI n
30
R 2Q7 000
Total for Canada..
18.3
29,554,000
205
AGRICULTURE.
Distribution of Canadian Wheat. For the Year Book for 1913
(pp. 169-170) an attempt was made to show how the Canadian wheat
crop was disposed of in each of the four fiscal years ended March 31,
1914. The investigation then made revealed an apparent net surplus
unaccounted for of 51,447,000 bushels, this quantity being about 6 p.c.
of the total estimated yield for the four years of 819,849,000 bushels.
It is now possible to bring up to date the calculations of a year
ago, with the additional advantage that from the results of the special
inquiry into the stocks of wheat in Canada on February 8, 1915 (see
above), a fairly close estimate can be formed of the stocks of wheat
and wheat flour floating in elevators and mills and in course of transit
by rail.
Calculations relating to the disposal of the wheat crop should
be based upon the figures of a series of years, because stocks are carried
over from year to year, and the figures for one year alone would be
deceptive. Table 27 shows therefore the distribution of the wheat
crop for each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 1915. It reveals
deficits of 1,876,000 bushels in 1910-11, 1,750,000 bushels in 1913-14
and 10,415,500 bushels in 1914-15, and surpluses of 49,003,000 bushels
in 1911-12 and 20,753,000 bushels in 1912-13. Setting the total of the
three deficits (14,041,500 bushels) against the total of the two surpluses
(69,756,000 bushels), there is a net surplus for the five years of 55,714,500
bushels, or a yearly average surplus of 11, 142, 900 bushels. This result
is more clearly shown by Table 28 in which the figures for the five
years are aggregated.
According to the census of wheat in Canada, taken on February
8, 1915, the quantity of wheat, and of wheat flour expressed as wheat,
then in elevators, in flour mills and in transit, was about 50 million
bushels; so that the surplus unaccounted for, viz., 5,714,500 bushels,
represents only an insignificant proportion (less than half a bushel in
every 100 bushels) of the aggregate yield for the five years.
Of the various factors entering into the above calculations those of
production and trade are the most stable, whilst the quantities lost
in cleaning, fed on the farm, retained for seed and used for human
consumption are more or less problematical. The yield is based
mainly upon the acreage as returned for 1910 and 1911 at the Census
of 1911, and, if the remaining figures may be accepted as approxi
mately correct, the fact that the whole of the crops of the past five
years can be accounted for within narrow limits affords strong presump
tion in favour of the substantial accuracy of the crop estimates for
Canada, as published annually by the Census and Statistics Office.
The exports and imports in the tables include wheat and wheat flour
the produce of Canada in the case of exports and wheat and wheat
flour for domestic consumption in the case of imports. Flour, expressed
in the Customs returns as barrels of 196 pounds, has been converted
into bushels of wheat at the average rate of 4-59 bushels of wheat
to the barrel of flour. The quantity retained for seed is calculated
at the average rate of 1-75 bushel per acre upon the acreage of the
ensuing crop. The rate adopted agrees with the results of an inquiry
conducted by the Seed Branch of the Department of Agriculture in
206
PRODUCTION.
the spring of 1913. The deduction of 3 p. c. of the total yield represents
the loss in cleaning at interior or terminal elevators; it is considered
to be a fair average as ascertained by practical experience. The deduc
tion for wheat not of merchantable quality varies with the character of
each season, and is expressed as a percentage of the total yield derived
from the reports of correspondents made annually at the end of March.
Most of it is fed to live stock on the farm. For each of the years under
review the percentage of deduction is given in the note at the foot of
Table 27.
Finally there remains the question of the annual consumption
per capita of wheat used as human food. From the tables it will be
noted that the average annual consumption is placed at 6J bushels
per head of the population, this being given as returned by the Census
for 1911, and as estimated arithmetically for the other years. Occasion
ally a small proportion of grain is lost by fire or by water during trans
portation; but if it be assumed that the whole of the surplus unac
counted for, viz., 5,714,500 bushels, is also used as food, the annual
per capita consumption for the five years would only be raised to a
little over 6J bushels. This rate does not differ greatly from the
average consumption per head of 6J bushels, which was given in the
Statistical Year Book of Canada for 1891 (p. 270) as the result of calcu
lations extending over the ten years 1881 to 1890.
By adding to the item for food in Table 28 the figures for loss in
cleaning (29,405,400 bushels), for non-merchantable grain (82,807,600
bushels) and for the surplus (5,714,500 bushels) the total amount
retained in Canada, in addition to seed, is raised to an average of
9-4 bushels per head. This rate agrees closely with the calculations
of the International Institute of Agriculture, as given in the new
International Year Book of Agricultural Statistics, 1911 and 1912.
On page 472 of this work the average annual consumption per capita
of wheat in Canada for the decennium 1903-1912 is recorded as
253-8 kg., which is equivalent to 9-3 bushels. The Institute s figure
is arrived at by dividing the estimated population into the year s total
yield, less seed requirements and net exportation (excess of exports
over imports). This result includes of course the grain lost in cleaning
and the grain fed to live stock.
27. Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15.
Distribution.
1910-11.
1911-12.
1912-13.
1913-14.
1914-15.
Yield
Bush.
132,049,000
394,000
132,443,000
Bush.
230,924,000
338,000
231,262,000
Bush.
224,159,000
887,000
225,046,000
Bush.
231,717,000
386,000
232,103,000
Bush.
161,280,000
^,128,000
163,408,000
Imports of wheat and
flour
Total
207
AGRICULTURE.
27. Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15 concluded.
Distribution.
1910-11. 1911-12.
1912-13.
1913-14.
1914-15.
Loss in cleaning, 3 p.c.
of yield
Bush.
3,962,000
128,481,000
7,923,000
120,558,000
59,777,000
60,781,000
19,426,000
41,355,000
43,231,000
-1,876,000
Bush.
6,928,000
224,334,000
29,442,000
194,892,000
81,603,000
113,289,000
19,244,000
94,045,000
i
45,042,000
+49,003,000
Bush.
6,725,000
218,321,000
17,933,000
200,388,000
113,690,000
86,698,000
19,276,000
67,422,000
46,669,000
+20,753,000
Bush.
6,952,000
225,151,000
16,220,000
208,931,000
142,574,000
66,357,000
19,659,000
46,698,000
48,448,000
-1,750,000
Bush.
4,838,400
158,569,600
n 1,289, 600
147,280,000
!86, 180,000
61,100,000
^1,515,500
39,584,500
50,000,000
-10,415,500
Balance
Grain not of merchant
able quality
Balance
Exports of wheat and
flour
Balance . . . .
Seed at 1.75 bush, per
acre
Balance
Food at 6.25 bush, per
head
Deficit ( ) or surplus
(+)..
\ i /
NOTE. The deduction for grain not of merchantable quality represents percentages of the yield, viz. ,
in 1910-11 of 6 p.c., in 1911-12 of 12.75 p.c., in 1912-13 of 8 p.c. and in 1913-14 and 1914-15 of 7 p.c. The
population is taken for 1910-11 at 6,917,000, for 1911-12 at 7,206,643 (Census), for 1912-13 at 7,467,000, for
1913-14 at 7,758,000 and for 1914-15 at 8,000,000.
28. Aggregate Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1911-15.
Distribution.
Five years
ended March
31, 1915.
Distribution.
Five years
ended March
31, 1915.
Yield
Bushels.
980,129,000
Exports of wheat and flour
Bushels.
483,824,000
Tnrnorts of whent and flour
4 133 000
Balance
388,225,000
Total
984,262,000
Seed at 1.75 bushel per acre
99,120,500
Loss in cleaning 3 p c of
Balance
289,104,500
yield.
29,405,400
Food at 6.25 bushels per
Balance
951,856,600
head
233,390,000
Grain not of merchantable
Surplus
55,714,500
quality
82,807,600
Balance
872,049,000
Future Possibilities of Agriculture in Canada. To the question,
What area of Canada is capable of devotion to agriculture ? it is im
possible from the nature of the case to return any exact reply, as the data
do not exist from which definite conclusions can be drawn. Of the
total land area in Canada, placed by the most recent measurements at
2,306,502,000 acres, 1,401,316,413 acres is the total land area of the
nine provinces as at present constituted; the remaining area consists
iEstimat3d.
208
PRODUCTION.
of the Northwest Territories (773,073,000 acres) and the Yukon Terri
tory (132,113,000 acres). The Northwest and Yukon Territories may
be omitted for the present, since no appreciable extent of land therein
is likely to be devoted to agriculture before all the land within the
provinces has been occupied. Table 29, based upon data of the Census
of 1911, shows by provinces the total areas, the areas occupied as farm
land in 1911 and the areas estimated to be possible of future devotion
to agriculture. The areas of possible farm land are derived from the
percentages of the total, which are fixed arbitrarily but in the light of
the most recent information available. Of the total land area of
Canada, viz., 1,401,316,413 acres, 31 p.c., or 440,951,000 acres, is esti
mated to be capable of devotion to agriculture in future. These
figures, however, take no account of forests and swamp lands, which
may ultimately be tilled, nor of northern areas of which the agricultural
possibilities are at present unknown because the lands are unexplored
and unsurveyed.
29. Areas occupied and Areas possible of Occupation as Farm Land in Canada, 1914.
Provinces.
Total land.
Occupied as farm
land, 1911.
Estimate of pos
sible farm land.
Prince Edward Island
Acres.
1,397,991
13,483,671
17,863,266
442,153,287
234,163,030
148,432,698
155,764,100
161,872,000
226,186,370
Acres.
1,202,354
5,260,455
4,537,999
15,613,267
22,171,785
12,228,233
28,642,985
17,751,899
2,540,011
p.c.
86.01
38.01
25.44
3.53
9.47
8.24
18.39
10.96
1.12
p.c.
90
60
60
10
25
50
60
65
20
Acres.
1,258,000
8,090,000
10,718,000
44,215,000
58,541,000
74,216,000
93,459,000
105,217,000
4.5,237,000
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Total
1,401,316,413
109,948,988
7.84
31
440,951,000
Agricultural Instruction Act. Under the Agricultural Instruction
Act, 1913 (3 Geo. V, c. 5), appropriations are annually payable by the
Dominion Government to each of the Provincial Governments of Canada
for the encouragement of agriculture " through education, instruction
and demonstration carried on along lines well devised and of a continu
ous nature " and for the purpose of assisting in the work of veterinary
colleges established in the provinces. The provincial allocation of the
payments under this Act for the three years 1913-14 to 1915-16, as
well as under the Agricultural Aid Act (2 Geo. V, c. 3), for the year
1912-13 are shown in Table 30. 1 For a statement of the purposes
to which in each province the appropriation for 1914-15 was applied
the reader is referred to the Agricultural Gazette of Canada for July,
1914, pp. 524-529.
: For description of these Acts see Canada Year Book, 1912, pp. 451 and 453.
209
AGRICULTURE
30. Allocation of Payments to Provincial Governments under the Agricultural Aid
and Agricultural Instruction Acts, 1912-131915-16.
Provinces.
1912-13.
1913-14.
1914-15.
1915-16.
Prince Edward Island
$
6,529.85
$
26,529.85
g
$
27,832.81
$
29,138.28
Nova Scotia
34,288.45
54,288.45
61,144.45
68,001.87
New Brunswick
24,509.93
44,509.93
49,407.20
54,308.40
Quebec
139,482.40
159,482.40
187,409.16
215,310.70
Ontario. .
175,733.32
195,733.32
230,868.83
266.013.64
Manitoba
31,730.05
51,730.05
58,075.45
64,421.31
Saskatchewan
34,296.29
54,296.29
61,152.31
68,011.04
Alberta
26,094.95
46,094.95
51,310.41
56,528.82
British Columbia
27,334.76
47,334.76
52,799.38
58,265.94
Veterinary Colleges
20,000.00
20,000.00
20,000.00
Totals
500,000.00
700,000.00
800,000.00
900,000.00
Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations. Under the Experi
mental Farms Station Act, 1886, a Central Experimental Farm was
established at Ottawa for Ontario and Quebec, and four branch farms
were established (1) for the Maritime provinces at Nappan, Nova
Scotia; (2) for Manitoba at Brandon; (3) for the Northwest Territories
at Indian Head, Saskatchewan; and (4) for British Columbia at
Agassiz. These five farms continued in operation for 20 years, when
the first steps were taken towards their extension by the establishment
of new experimental stations for Alberta, viz., one at Lethbridge in
1906 and the other at Lacombe in 1907. Since this date development
in the number of the farms and stations and in the work carried on by
them has been rapid and continuous; and every province has now one
or more farms or stations. 1 In 1915, including the Central Farm at
Ottawa, there are altogether 19 farms and stations with a total acreage
of 8,935, as compared with the original five farms, having a total acreage
of 3,472, as established in 1896. Table 31 shows the present number
of farms and stations with the acreage of each and the date of estab
lishment.
x The five original farms established in 1886 are known as "Experimental
Farms"; those added since are styled "Experimental Stations." No other
distinction is expressed by these titles.
210
PRODUCTION.
31. Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations, 1915.
Farm or Station.
Province.
Acre
age.
Date
estab
lished.
Central Farm, Ottawa
Charlottetown Station
Nappan Farm
Kentville Station
Fredericton Station
Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere Station
Cap Rouge Station
Lennoxville Station
Brandon Farm
Morden Station
Indian Head Farm
Rosthern Station
Scott Station
Lacombe Station
Lethbridge Station
Invermere Station
Summerland Station
Agassiz Farm
Sidney, Vancouver Island
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec
Manitoba
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Alberta
Alberta
British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia .
467
100
300
294
520
340
326
455
625
280
680
650
520
850
400
53
550
1,400
125
1886
1909
1886
1912
1912
1911
1911
1914
1886
1915
1886
1908
1910
1907
1906
1912
1914
1886
1912
In addition to the farms and stations included in Table 31 there
are seven small substations at Kamloops and Salmon Arm, British
Columbia, at Fort Vermilion, in Alberta, and at Forts Smith, Resolu
tion and Providence and Athabasca Landing, in the Northwest Terri
tories.
Range of the Experiments. Ranging over the whole of the
wide fields covered by agriculture, arboriculture and horticulture, the
work of the farms has included experiments relating to the breeding
and feeding of farm live stock, the production of butter and cheese,
field crops, natural and artificial fertilizers, cereals, grasses, forage
plants, fruits, vegetables, plants, trees, plant diseases and injurious
insects. The farms are also bureaux of information to which agricul
turists resort for the solution of difficulties in farm work. The experi
ments carried out at the central and branch farms and stations have
been fully described in the annual reports of the director and of his
staff; but amongst the more striking of the general results due directly
to their influence has been the general adoption of the practice of early
sowing, the adoption of summer fallowing in the Northwest and the
production and annual distribution of improved varieties of cereals and
other plants.
Scientific Organization. The more strictly scientific side of the
work is carried on at the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, and is
organized in nine divisions as follows: (1) Field Husbandry; (2) Animal
Husbandry; (3) Horticulture; (4) Cereals; (5) Chemistry; (6) Forage
Plants; (7) Botany; (8) Poultry; (9) Tobacco. What was formerly the
Entomological Division became in 1914 a separate Entomological
Branch of the Department of Agriculture.
AVERAGE MONTHLY PRICES PER BUSHEL OF CANADIAN WHEAT, BARLEY,
OATS AND FLAX, 1914.
JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MW JWY JUTf AUQ. SEf>T. OCT. MOW DEC.
7 SQ
,-*~
A ^Q
/
CANA.DA
ffAKBi
^^ /P//
jC
/
\
s
\
-
jf
\ ^
^
s
\
f
\ -^
y ^rf/j
f
\
74TI
/^4r(K
flnnipey
)^^
\
\
^^
\
f^
\
S^
1
\
2i
\
f
;
j
^
/ 3
jf
v
^**
^ /.?<9
\
^^
\
Y^
s
/
\
}
/
\
f
\
j
/
\
T
\
j
\
/
y
\
/
1.2Q
\
/
7-&O
\
/
\
/
\
f
\
I
y
I-
s
] ^.
EAT^l
<e>A<4on
\
.
]
f.JO
I
-"
/
i.on
T-OO
7
__j
it^
ra
*
<p f)
.90
.fifi
Af)
*^0
.70
o
.60
^5 CZ.O
>idon)
;
OA-
.
,
>0
*5u
/ir ntSJS
w c
O A f
VJ ^^-
.40
i /r
The horizontal lines indicate prices from 30 cents to $1.52. The two red curves indicate
the prices per bushel of Wheat (No. 1 Nor.) (a; at Winnipeg and Fort William and (b) at
Mark Lane, London, England, the yellow curve of Barley (No. 3, C.W.) at Winnipeg and
Fort William, the green curves of Oats (No. 2, C.W.) (a) at Winnipeg and Fort William, and
(b) of Canadian Oats at Mark Lane, London, England, and the black cuive of Flax (No. 1,
N.W.C.) at Winnipeg and Fort William. (Wheat 60, Barley 48, Oats 34 and Flax 56 Ib. per
bushel.)
211
AGRICULTURE.
Prices of Canadian Agricultural Produce. Tables 32-36 record the
prices quoted during 1914 for Canadian agricultural produce. Tables
32 and 33, furnished by the Board of Grain Commissioners for Canada,
show the weekly range of the prices of different grades of wheat, barley,
oats and flax at Winnipeg and Fort William; these prices are for the
weeks ended Saturday. Table 34 gives the prices quoted for Canadian
wheat, wheat flour and oats in British markets. The prices are compiled
from the Market Supplements of the Mark Lane Express, London,
England, and represent the range at the weekly Monday market.
Tables 35 and 36 give the prices in British markets of Canadian bacon,
hams and cheese ; they are taken from the official returns of the English
and Scottish Boards of Agriculture and represent, not the range, but
the first and second qualities respectively. For the purposes of these
tables the English currency, weights and measures have been converted
into Canadian equivalent denominations.
32. Weekly Range of Prices of Wheat at Winnipeg and Fort William, 1914
(per bushel of 60 lb.).
Date.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
No. 6.
Feed.
January 3
" 10 .
$ c. $ c.
0.831-0.841
0.84H).84|
$ c. $ c.
0.80H>.81f
0.81|-0.82|
$ c. $ c.
0.771-0.781
0.781-0.791
$ c. $ c.
0.731
0.731-0.741
$ c. $ c.
0.671
0.671-0.68
$ c. $ c.
0.631
0.631-0.64
$ c. $ c.
0.57
0.57 -0.58
17
0.85|-0.86f
0.83f-0.841
0.801-0.82
0.75 -0.751
0.681-0.69
0.641
0.59 -0.60
" 24
0.85 -0.86f
0.831-0.84!
0.801-0.821
0.751-0.761
0.70 -0.701
0.65 -0.651
0.60 -0.601
31
Average
0. 85f-0. 86f
0.841-0.851
0.841-0.84!
0.821-0. 83 J
0.821-0. 82 I
0.80 -0.811
0.761-0.771
0.741-0.76
0.701 -
0.68|-0.69|
0.651
0.641-0.641
0.601
0.58f-0 591
February 7
14
21
0.86H).87f
0.871-0.881
0.881-0.901
0.841-0.851
0.85H).86f
0.87i-0.89
0.821-0.831
0. 83f-0. 84J
0.851-0.871
0.771-0.79
0.791-0.801
0.811-0.831
0. 71 -0. 72
0.72 -0.731
0.74 -0.75
0.66 -0.67
0.67 -0.671
0.68 -0.71
0.61 -0.62
0.62 -0.621
0.63 -0.641
28
Average
0.901-0.911
0. 88|-0 891
0.89 -0.891
0.861-0 .87|
0.871-0-881
0.84J-0 .86
0.831-0.841
0.801-0.81!
0.75 -0.77
0.73 -0.74|
0.71 -0.721
0.68 -0.691
0.641-0.66
0. 62|-0. 63f
March 7. .
14.. .
0.89J-0. 911
0.891-0.901
0.881-0.891
0.88|-0.88i
0.861-0.881
0.86f-0.871
0.821-0.84
0.821-0.831
0.77 -0.80
0.80
0.721-0.75
0.75
0.66 -0.70
0.70
21... .
0.90H>.901
0.88f-0.89|
0.87 -0.871
0.821-0.83!
0.80 -0.801
0.75 -0.751
0.70 -0.701
" 28... .
0.901-0.91
0.881-0.891
0.871-0.88
0.831-0.84
0.81
0.76
0.71
Average
0.90 -0.90f
0.881-0.891
0.861-0.87!
0.821-0.831
0.791-0.801
0.74f-0.75i
0.691-0.701
April 4. . . .
" 11..
0.881-0.90
0.88f-0. 89f
0.863-0.881
0.87 -0.871
0.85 -0.861
0.851-0.851
0.811-0.831
0.82f-0.821
0.80 -0.81
0.78 -0.80
0.75 -0.76
0.73 -0.75
0.70-0.71
0.68 -0.70
18
25
Average
0.89H)-90
0.891-0.91!
0.88J-0.90I
0.871-0.88
0.871-0.90
0.87i-0.88|
0.851-0.861
0.85J-0. 88f
0.851-0 .86f
0.821-0.831
0.821-0.841
0.82|-0.83|
0.78
0.78 -0.781
0.781-0.791
0.73
0.73 -0.731
0.73H).74|
0.68
0.68 -0.681
0.681-0.691
May 2. .
0.90|-0.91|
0.881-0. 89 I
0.861-0.881
0.831-0.841
0.78 -0.781
0.73 -0.731
0.68 -0.681
9
16
23..
0.911-0.931
0.931-0.95
0.94f-0.96|
0.90J-0.911
0.911-0.931
0.92|-0.94|
0.881-0.891
0.90 -0.91!
0.911-0.931
0.84 -0.861
0.861-0.88
0.87|-0.89|
0.781-0.791
0.791-0.80
0.80 -0.801
0.731-0.74
0.741-0.75
0.75 -0.751
0.681-0.69
0.691-0.70
0.70 -0.701
30.. ..
0.94f-0.951
0.93 -0.97
0.911-0.921
0.871-0.881
0.801 -
0.751
0.701
Average
0.93 -0.94|
0.911-0.931
0.89H>.91l
0.85H).87|
0.791-0.791
0.741-0.741
0.691-0.691
212
PRODUCTION.
32. Weekly Range of Prices of Wheat at Winnipeg and Fort William,
1914 (per bushel of 60 Ib.) concluded.
Date.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
No. 6.
Feed.
June 6 ... .
$ c. $ c.
0.941-0.96
0.92f-0.951
0.914-0.93f
0.881-0.901
0.91f-0 .931
0.88 -0.891
0.90 -0.901
0.88 -0.89|
0.89f-0.92|
0.89 -0.90J
0.92 -0.994
0.984-1.134
1.034-1. llf
1.024-1.091
l.OSf-1.161
1.011-1.104
1.134-1.201
1.114-1.16J
1.06 -1.121
1.084-1.114
1.091-i.lSJ
1.044-1.081
1.064-1.091
1.10 -1.151
1.154-1.171
1.141-1.161
1.10 -1.134
1.171-1. 20 f
1.181-1.214
1.18f-1.20
1.141-1.20
1.171-1.20!
1.151-1.171
1.15|-1.171
1.17 -1.201
1.21H.224
1.174-1.194
$ c. $ c.
0.93|-0.94f
0.91f-0.94|
0.90 -0.921
0.87|-0.89|
0.904-0-921
0.86f-0.884
0.881-0.89
0.854-0-874
0.871-0.901
0.87J-0-89
0.894-0.984
0.964-1.114
l.Olf-1.091
1.00|-1.07|
1.07 -1.141
99J-1 08 |
$ c. $ c.
0.91|-0.92|
0.90 -0.92f
0. 88J-0. 90f
0.854-0.87!
0.89 -0.90f
0.85 -0.864
0.861-0.87
0.84 -0.851
0.86 -0.871
0.854-0.86?
0.861-0.92
0.911-1.08
0.97 -1.04f
0.96 -1.034
1.021-1.111
0.941-1.031
1.10 -1.151
1.04f-l.lli
0.974-1.04
1.00 -1.03
1.03 -1.084
0.95f-l. OOi
0.981-1.004
1.03 -1.06
1.061-1.08
1.G6H.084
l.Olf-1.041
1.09f-1.12|
1.10f-1.13
1.114-1.124
1.08 -1.121
1.091-1.12!
1.081-1.094
1.071-1.094
1.09 -1.131
1.131-1.15
1.091-1.111
$ c. $ c.
0.871-0.884
0.85f-0.88f
0.841-0.861
0. 801-0. 83f
841-0 86S
$ c. $ c
0.804
0.80 -0.804
0.80
0.80i-0.804
0.91f-0.934
0.911-0.934
0. 941-1- 02f
0.931-0.981
0.86 -0.90!
0.87 -0.884
0.90f-0.954
0.841-0.871
0.87H)-90
0.91 -0.964
0.961-0.984
0.961-0.981
0.91 -0.944
0.991-1.03
l.OOf-1.021
l.OOf-1.021
0.994-1.03
1.004-1 .021
0.994-1.00!
0.98f-L OOf
1.001-1.041
1. 04f-l. 06
l.OOH-031
$ c. $ c.
0.754
0.75 -0.754
0.75
0.754-0.754
0.931
0.911
0.831-0.841
0.814-0.84
0.874-0.84f
0.79 -0.821
0.824-0.854
0.881-0.911
0.911-0.954
0. 911-0. 93f
0.864-0.89|
0.954-0.98
0.954-0.981
0.95f-0.971
0.94 ~0.98f
0.95 -0.984
0.944-0.954
0.93f-0.951
0.951-0.991
LOOM. 014
0.961-0.984
$ c. $ c
0.704
0.70 -0.70
0.70
0.70J-0.70
0.781-0.791
0.781-0.79]
0. 75 -0. 79J
0.774-0.81}
0.821-0.87}
0.871-0.89}
0.871-0.90
0.811-0.85}
0.914-0.94
0.91 -0.94J
0.901-0.94
0.90 -0.94
0.901-0.94
0. 904-0. 91}
0. 89|-0. 92j
0.91 -0.95;
0.96f-0.97i
0.92 -0.94
" 13... .
20
27
Average
July 4..
0.80 -0.811
fl 811-0 841
11
" 18
" 25.. .
Average
0.80f-0.83|
0.82 -0.84
0.991-1.021
0.90f-0.934
1.024-1-091
l.OOf-1.05!
0.94 -0.97!
0.921-0.954
0.974-1.02J
0. 894-0. 93i
0.92J-0.944
0.951-1.004
1.001-1.04
1.001-1.024
0.951-0.99
1.031-1.074
1.051-1.071
1.051-1.074
1.04 -1.081
1.041-1 071
1.05 -1.051
1. 03f-l. 05|
1.054-1.094
1.091-1.11
1.051-1 .071
August 1
" 8
" 15
22
29
Average .
September 5
1.12 -1.181
1.07|-1.13|
1.024-1.08f
1.05 -1.08
1.06f-1.124
1.001-1.051
1.034-1.054
1.061-1.114
1.11 -1.134
1.111-1.134
1.064-1.091
1.14f-1.17f
1.15 -1.171
1.15H.171
1.12 -1.171
1.14f-1.174
1.13 -1.144
1.12f-l. 14|
1.14 -1.171
1.181-1.194
1.144-1 .164
" 12
" 19
" 26
Average
October 3
" 10....
17
" 24
31
Average
November 7
14
* 21
28
Average
December 5
12..
19..
" 26.....
Average
213
AGRICULTURE.
33. Weekly Range of Prices of Barley, Oats and Flax at Winnipeg and
Fort William, 1914.
Week
ended
BARLEY
(per bushel
of 48 Ib.)
OATS (per bushel of 34 Ib.)
FLAX (per bushel of
56 Ib.)
No. 2
C.W.
No. 3
C.W.
No. 1
Feed.
No. 2
Feed.
No. 1
N.W.C.
No. 2
C.W.
No. 3
C.W.
January 3
10
17
24
* 31
$ c. $ c.
0. 39H). 414
0.374-0-414
0.37*-0.41*
0.374-0.41!
0.38 -0.41!
$ c. $ c. $ c. $ c.
0.33 -0.334 0.31 -0.31*
0.32 -0.32l!0.30*-0.31
0.32*-0.33iO. 311-0. 31*
0. 32f-0. 331 0.31*-0. 32
0.334-0. 3310-32 -0.32
$ c. $ c.
0.31 -0.311
0.30*-0.31
0.31 -0.311
0.311-0.31*
0.314-0.311
$ c. $ c.
0.29*-0.30
0.30 -0.301
0.301-0.30*
0.304-0.301
0.31 -0.31
$ c. $ c.
1.23 -1.24
1.251-1.28
1.254-1.294
1.264-1.28
1.254-1.274
$ c. $ c.
1.20 -1.21
1.221-1.25!
1.224-1.264
1.234-1-25
1.24 -1.244
$ c. $ c.
Average. . .
0.38 -0.41|
0.32f-0. 33i
0.311-0.31!
0.31 -0.31*
0.301-0.30*
1.254-1.27!
1.224-1242
-
February 7
14
21
28
0.384-0.41!
0.384-0.42*
0.40 -0.44*
0.41 -0.45*
0.32H>.33f
0.331-0.341
0.341-0-35
0.341-0.351
0.321-0.3210.311-0.32*
0.33 -0.33*0.321-0.33
0. 33|-0. 34*0.33^-0.33!
0.341-0. 34! 0.331-0. 34
0.311-0.32
0.32 -0.321
0.321-0.33
0.331-0.331
1.261-1.27*
1.29 -1.30
1.31 -1.33
1.321-1.35!
1.23 -1.244
1.26 -1.27
1.28 -1.30
1.291-1.32!
1.091-1.10*
1.13 -1.14
1.15 -1.17
1. 162-1.19J
Average. . .
0.394-0.43*
0.331-0.341
0.33*-0 .33f
.
0.32-0.33|
0.32H>.32i
1.292-1.31!
1.26H.28!
1.134-1.161
March 7
14
21
28
0.451-0.45*
0.431-0.45*
0.431-0.45*
0.431-0-45*
0.35 -0.35|
0.34 -0.341
0. 341-0. 34|
0.344-0.341
0.341-0.3410.341-0.34*
0.34 -0.34fO.33i-0.34
0.341-0.3410.34 -0.341
0.34f-0.34f0.34 -0.34J
0.34 -0.34
0.33*-0.33!
0.33*-0.34
0.331-0.34
1.324-1.352
1.34-1.361
1.37 -1.371
1.381-1.391
1.294-1.32!
1.31 -1.331
1.34 -1.341
1.351-1.36!
1.164-1.19!
1.18-1. 20j
1.21 -1.231
1.242-1.251
Average. . .
0.43f-0.45
0.341-0.34!
0.344-4.34!
0.34-0.341
0.331-0.331
1.342-1.37!
1.32H.34!
1.19 -1.221
April 4
11
18
25
_
0.34*-0.35
0.34*-0.35
0.33f-0.34i
0.34 -0.35*
0.331-0.3440.331-0.33}
0.331-0.34 0.33}-0.33}
0.32*-0.33J -
0.33 -0.34*0.321-0.33!
0.321-0.33
0.32*-0.33
0.31f-0.32l
0.32-0.33*
1.384-1.89
1.331-1.371
1.344-1.36*
1.321-1.35*
1.334-1.36
1.301-1.341
1.31*-1.33*
1.294-1.32*
1.224-1.28
1.22 -1.26
1.231-1.25
1.201-1.244
Average. . .
-
0.34i-0.35
0.33^-0.34
0.33 -0.33f
0.321-0.321
1.344-1.37
1.314-1.34
1.224-1. 25 j
May 2
9
16
23
30
0.411-0.46*
0.42^-0.471
0.43 -0.48f
0.441-0.491
0.451-0.491
0. 35* 0. 361 0. 34J-0. 34* 0. 33*-0. 33f
0. 37 -0. 37f 0. 341-0. 35* 0. 34*-0. 35
0.371-0.38*0.36 -0.361 0.35H).36i
0.38H>.38fj0.37 -0.37* 0.364-0.364
0.374-0.38 0. 37f-0. 37*;0.36i-0. 361
0.331-0.331
0.34 -0.34*
0.34*-0.36
0.351-0.361
0.361-0.36*
1.334-1.36
1.34J-1.364
1.36 -1.37
1.36 -1.37
1.37 -1.38*
1.304-1.33
1.314-1.33*
1.33 -1.34
1.33 -1.34
1. 33f-l. 354
1.22-1.25
1.214-1.244
1.23 -1.241
1.23 -1.24
1.21 -1.214
Average. . .
0.43*-0.48*
0.374-0-371
0.35H>-36*
0.35}-0.35|
0.341-0.351
1.351-1.37
1.32|-1. 34
1.22H-24
June 6
13
20
27
0.47 -0.49*
0.474-0.54*
0.48*-0.551
0.48*-0.53*
0.371-0-39
0.38*-0.39i
0.3S*-0.39f
0.381-0.39*
0. 37|-0. 38* 0. 36H). 37i 0. 36*-0. 37J
0.38H)-39 0. 374-0. 38i0.37*-0. 381
0. 381-0. 394 0. 37*-0. 381 0. 37*-0- 381
0.381-0.39 0.374-0. 381 0.37f-0. 381
1.394-1.40
1.394-1.40*
1.39J-1.40
1.372-1.394
1.36 -1.37
1.364-L374
1.364-1.37
1.341-1.364
-
Average. . .
0.471-0.534
0.38H>-39i
0.384-0-381
0.37i-0.38
0.37J-0-38
1.381-1.40
1.362-1.37
-
July 4
11
18
25
0.46*-0.52!
0.464-0-53*
0.47 -0.52*
0.47 -0.52}
0.391-0-39!
0.38H)-39!
0.384-0.38!
0.384-0.39*
0.38J-0.391
0.37*-0.37!
0.37 -0.37*
0.361-0.371
0.38 -0.38*
0.364-0.361
0.36 -0.36!
0.351-0.361
0.38 -0.38*
0.364-0.36!
0.36 -0.36!
0.351-0.361
1.374-1.39
1.381-1.40
1.411-1-45*
1.46 -1.61*
1.344-1.361
1.352-1.37
1.38H.424
1.43 -1.584
1.23 -1.23i
1.252-1.2$
1.30 -1.4JJ
Average. . .
0.461-0.521
0.38*-0.39i
0.37H).38
0.364-0.37
0.36*-0.37
1.40J-1 .464
1.372-1.434
1.26 -1.33
August 1
8
15
22
29
0.474-0-54
0.534-0.56
0.51 -0.57
0.51 -0.59
0.54 -0.62
0.38 -0.40*
0.40*-0.50
0.47
0.48
0.50*-0.52*
0.371-0.381
0.391-0.47*
0.46
0.46 -0.48
0.49 -0.50
0.361-0.37
0.374-0.381
0.44 -0.45
0.45 -0.474
0.49 -0.50
0.361-0.37
0.374-0.42*
0.44 -0.44
0.44 -0.47*
0.48*-0.49*
1.46 -1.67
1.30 -1.37
1.37 -1.42
1.344-1.40
1.43 -1.64
1.27 -1.34
1.324-1.38
1.314-1.37
1.31 -1.52
Average. . .
0.51i-0.67|
0.44H>-444
0.434-0.46
0.42 -0.434
0.42-0.44}
1.361-1 .464
1.344-1.431
1.31 -1.52
214
PRODUCTION.
33. Weekly Range of Prices of Barley, Oats and Flax at Winnipeg and
Fort William, 1914 concluded.
Week
ended
BARLEY
(per bushel
of 48 Ib.)
OATS (per bushel of 34 Ib.)
FLAX (per bushel of 56 Ib.)
No. 2
C.W.
No. 3
C.W.
No. 1
C.W.
No. 1
C.W.
No. 1
N.W.C.
No. 2
C.W.
No. 3
C.W.
September 5
15
19
26
Average. . .
0.56^-0.66
0.58 -0.661
0.54 -0.64
0.55 -0.66f
0.551-0.65!
0.53 -0.551
0.491-0.531
0.47 -0.50}
0.48 -0.50}
0.49H* 52}
0.51 -0.54}
0.481-0.521
0.46 -0.49|
0. 461-0.491
0.48H>-51}
0.51 -0.54ljO.50 -0.53|
0.481-0. 521 0.471-0.511
0.46 -0.49|0.44 -0.471
0. 461-0. 491JO. 451-0. 471
0.48 1-0. 51} 0.461-0.50
1.35 -1.40
1.29 -1.32
1.271-1.31}
1.21}-1.24
1.28}-1 31i
1.32 -1.37
1.26 -1.29
1.241-1.28}
1.18}-1. 21
1.25H-28I
-
October 3
tf 10
17
24
31
0.57 -0.65|
0.55 -0.66J
0.57 -0.68
0.57^-0-69
0. 59H>. 69
0. 481-0-49}
0. 48f-0.51J
0.53 -0.544
0.54 -0.55}
0.541-0.561
0.46^-0.471
0.461-0.47}
0.491-0-50}
0.5lf-0.52}
0.51 -0.511
0.46 -0.47|0.45 -0.461
0.46} - 0.44J-0.45
0.471-0. 48| 0.46}-0. 47}
0.491-0.51 0.48 -0.501
0.51 -0.51! 0.50^-0. 51
1.1W-1.23
1.121-1.141
1. 114-1.13}
1.091-1.14
1.05}-1. 08}
1.121-1.19
1. 091-1. 1H
1.081-1.10}
1.061-1.11
-
Average. . .
0.57f-0 67}
0.51H) .53|
0.48f-0 .50 0.48-0.491
0.47 -0.48
1.101-1.14}
1.09H .13
-
November 7
14
21
" 28
0.59-0.66i
0.61 -0.70}
0.61 -0.70
0.61 -0.64}
0.56^-0.58
0.55 -0.57
0.54J-0-55!
0.52H)-52i
0.531-0.55
0.52}-0.54f
0.521-0.531
0. 49}-0. 52i
0.52H)-54
0.51}-0.53
0.51 -0.52|
0.49 -0.52
0.51f-0.53
0.50^-0.52
0.50 -0.51}
0.48 -0.5H
1.15 -1.26!
1.20}-1. 261
1.26 -1.30
1.21 -1.30
1.12 -1.23!
1.17}-1. 23!
1.23 -1.27
- -
Average. . .
g
0.60|-0.67|
0.54|-0.55f
0.52-0.531
0.51 -0 52|
0.50-0.52
1.201-1.281
1.17}-1. 24f
-
December 5
12
" 19
26
0.58 -0.65
).53 -0.63
0.55 -0.63}
0.57 -0.64}
0.521-0.53
0.51 -0.52!
0.511-0.53}
0.53f-0.54|
0.491-0.50
0.48 -0.491
0.481-0.501
0.50|-0.51|
0.49 -0.49i
0.49
0. 471-0. 49"
0.49}-0.49!
0.48 -0.48}
0.48
0. 48J-0. 49 J
1.23 -1.25!
1.24}-1. 28
1.29}-1. 32}
1.32}-1. 38J
1.20 -1.22!
1.21}-1. 25
1.261-1.29}
1.29}-1. 351
Average. . .
0.551-0.64
0.52f-0 .53f
0.49H> 50}
0.481-0.49}
0.48|-0.48|
1.271-1.31}
1.241-1.28}
-
34. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Wheat, Wheat Flour and Oats, 1914.
WHEAT (per bushel of 60 Ib.)
WHEAT FLOUR (per 280 Ib.)
OATS.
Date.
No. 1.
No. 2.
1
No. 3. No. 4.
Manitoba
Patents.
Manitoba
Straights.
Manitoba
1st bakers
Manitoba
2nd bakers
Per bush,
of 34 Ib.
Jan. 5..
" 12..
" 19..
* 26..
$ c. $ c.
1.05-1.06
1.06-1.07
1.06-1.08
1.06-1.07
$ c. $ c.
1.01-1.02
1.03-1.05
1.03-1.05
1.04-1.05
i
$ c. $ c. $ c. $ c.
0.98-1.01 0.95-0.98
1.00-1.02; 0.94-0.96
1.00-1.02 0.94-0.96
1.02-1.031 - -
$ c. $ c.
6.45-6.51
6.45-6.51
6.15-6.51
6.45-6.51
$ c. $ c.
6.20-6.27
6.20-6.27
6.20-6.27
6.20-6.27
$ c. $ c.
5.96-6.02
5.96-6.02
5.96-6.02
5.96-6.02
$ c. $ c.
5.47-5.53
5.47-5.53
5.47-5.53
5.47-5.53
$ c. $ c.
0.49-0.52
0.49-0.52
0.49-0.52
0.49-0.52
Average
1.06-1.07
1.03-1.04
1.00-1.02 0.94-0.97
6.38-6.51
6.20-6.27
5.96-6.02
5.47-5.53
0.49-0.52
i
Feb. 2..
9..
16..
* 23..
1.06-1.07 1.04-1.05
1.06-1.07! 1.04-1.05
1.06-1.07 1.04-1.05
1.07-1.08 1.05-1.06
_
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.57-6.69
6.57-6.69
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.33-6.45
6.33-6.45
5.96-6.08
5.96-6.08
6.08-6.20
6.08-6.20
5.47-5.59 0.49-0.52
5.47-5.59 0.49-0.52
5.59-5.72 0.49-0.52
5.59-5.72 0..49-0.52
Average
1.06-1.07
1.04-1.05
6.51-6.63
6.27-6.39
6.02-6.14
5.53-5.66: 0.49-0.52
March 2.
9.
" 16.
" 23.
" 30.
1.10-1.12
1.12-1.13
1.12-1.13
1.10-1.11
1.09-1.10
1.08-1.09
1.09-1.10
1.09-1.10
1.07-1.09
1.07-1.08
1.07-1.09, -
1.06-1.07: -
1.06-1.07J -
6.69-6.81
6.81-6.93
6.81-6.93
6.75-6.87
6.75-6.87
6.45-6.57
6.57-6.69
6.57-6.69
6.51-6.63
6.51 6.63
6.2,0-6.33
6.33-6.45
6.33-6.45
6.27-6.39
6.27-6.39
5.72-5.84
5.84-5.96
5.84-5.96
5.78-5.90
5-78-5.90;
0.50-0.53
0.52-0.54
0.52-0.54
0.52-0.54
0.52-0.54
Average
1.11-1.12
1.08-1.09
1.06-1.08
6.76-6.88
6.52-6.64
6.28-6.40
5.79-5.91 0.52-0.54
215
AGRICULTURE.
34. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Wheat, Wheat Flour and Oats,
1914 concluded.
WHEAT (per bushel of 60 Ib.)
WHEAT FLOUR (per 280 Ib.)
OATS.
Date.
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
Manitoba
Patents-
Manitoba
Straights.
Manitoba
1st bakers
Manitoba
2ndbakers
Per bush,
of 34 Ib.
April 6..
" 13..
20..
* 27..
1.08-1.09
1.08-1.09
1.07-1.09
1.06-1.07
1.07-1.08
1.07-1.07
1.06-1.07
1.05-1.06
1.06-1.07
1.05-1.06
1.05-1.06
1.04-1.05
-
6.75-6.87
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.63-6.75
6.51-6.63
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
5.72-6.51
6.27-6.39
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.14-6.27
5.78-5.90
5.72-5.84
5.72-5.84
5.65-5.78
0.52-0.54
0.52-0.54
0.51-0.53
0.51-0.53
Average
1.07-1.09
1.06-1.07
1.05-1.06
-
6.69-6.81
6.28-.57
6.20-6.33
5.72-5.84
0.52-0.54
May 4 . .
11..
* 18..
25..
1.06-1.07
1.07-1.08
1.09-1.10
1.11-1.12
1.05-1.06
1.05-1.07
1.07-1.08
1.09-1.10
1.04-1.05
1.04-1.05
_
6.63-6.75
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.39-6.51
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.14-6.27
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
5.65-5.78
5.72-5.84
5.72-5.84
5.72 5.84
0.50-0.53
0.50-0.53
0.49-0.51
0.49-0.51
Average
1.08-1.09
1.07-1.08
1.04-1.05
_
6.68-6.80
6.44-6.56
6.19-6^32
5.70-5.83
0.50-0.52
June 1 . .
8..
" 15..
* 22..
" 29..
1.10-1.11
1.10-1.11
1.10-1.11
1.09-1.10
1.09-1.10
1.09-1.10
1.09-1.10
1.09-1.10
1.07-1.08
1.07-1.08
1.07-1.08
1.06-1.07
1.06-1.07
1.06-1.07
1.04-1.05
1.04-1.05
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
6.20-6.33
5.72-5.84 0.49-0.52
5.72-5.84 0.49-0.52
5.72-5.84 0.49-0.52
5.72-5.84 : 0.49-0.52
5.72-5.84j 0.49-0.52
Average
1.10-1.11
1.08-1.09
1.06-1.07
1.05-1.06
6.69-6.81
6.45-6.57
6.20-6.33
5.72-5.84 0.49-0.52
July 6..
" 13..
" 20..
27..
1.08-1.09
1.09-1.10
1.10-1.11
1.11-1.13
1.06-1.07
1.06-1.07
1.06-1.07
1.08-1.09
1.05-1.06
1.05-1.06
1.05-1.06
1.06-1.07
1.04-1.05
1.04-1.05
1.04-1.05
1.05-1.06
6.57-6.69
6.57-6.69
6.57-6.69
6.57-6.69
6.33-6.45
6.33-6.45
6.33-6.45
6.33-6.45
6.08-6.20
6.08-6.20
6.08-6.20
6.08-6.20
5.59-5.72 0.50-0.51
5.59-5.72 0.50-0.51
5.59-5.721 0.50-0.51
5.59-5.72! 0.51-0.51
Average
1.10-1.11
1.07-1.08
1.05-1.06
1.04-1.05
6.57-6.69
6.33-6 45
6.08-6.20
5.59-5.72 0.50-0.51
Aug. 3..
" 10..
" 17..
24..
" 31..
1.19-1.22
1.50-1.53
1.41-1.44
1.30-1.33
1.33-1.36
1.17-1.18
1.47-1.50
1.38-1.41
1.27-1.30
1.30-1.33
1.15-1.16
1.44-1.47
1.36-1.38
1.24-1.27
1.14-1.15
1.41-1.44
1.33-1.35
1.21-1.24
6.93-7.06
6.93-7.06
6.69-6.81
6.69-6.81
6.45-6.57
6.45-6.57
5.96-6.08
6.96-6.08
0.56-0.57
0.88-0.96
0.83-0.88
0.83-0.85
0.83-0.85
8.76-9.00
9.00-9.25
8.52-8.76
8.76-9.00
8.27-8.52
8.52-8.76
8.03-8.27
8.27-8.52
Average
1.35-1.38
1.32-1.34
1.30-1.32
1.27-1.30
7.91-8.09
7.67-7.85
7.42-7.61
7.31-7.24
0.79-0.82
Sept. 7..
" 14..
21..
" 28..
1.44-1.47
1.41-1.44
1.41-1.42
1.41-1.42
1.38-1.41
1.36-1.38
1.38-1.39
1.38-1.39
1.37-1.38
1.37-1.38
- 9.25-9.49
- 9.00-9.25
- 8.88-9.12
- 8.64-8.88
9.00-9.25
8.76-9.00
8.64-8.88
8.39-8.64
8.76-9.00
8.52-8.76
8.39-8.64
8.15-8.39
8.52-8.761 0.85-0.88
8.27-8.52 0.85-0.88
8.15-8.39 0.80-0.83
7.91-8.15 0.80-0.83
Average
1.42-1.44
1.38-1.39
1.37-1.38
-
8.94-9.19
8.70-8.94
8.46-8.70
8.21-8.46 0.83-0.86
Oct. 5...
" 12..
19..
" 26..
1.40-1.41
1.36-1.38
1.36-1.38
1.36-1.38
1.37-1.38
1.34-1.36
1.34-1.36
1.33-1.36
1.36-1.37
1.31-1.33
1.31-1.33
1.31-1.33
1.34-1.36 8.64-8.88
1.29-1.30 8.64-8.88
1.29-1.30 8.64-8.88
1.29-1.30 8.64-8.88
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.15-8.39
8.15-8.39
8.15-8.39
8.15 8.39
7.91-8.15
7.91-8.15
7.91-8.15
7.91-8.15
0.80-0.83
0.80-0.83
0.80-0.83
0.76-0.81
Average
1.37-1.39
1.35-1.37
1.32-1.34
1.30-1.32 8.64-8.88
8.39-^.64
8.15-8.39
7.91-8.15
0.79-0.83
Nov. 2..
9..
" 16..
* 23..
" 30..
1.40-1.43
1.41-1.44
1.47-1.50
1.49-1.51
1.47-1.50
1.38-1.40
1.40-1.41
1.44-1.47
1.45-1.48
1.44-1.47
1.36-1.37
1.37-1.38
1.41-1.44
1.43-1.45
1.41-1.44
1.33-1.34 8.88-9.12
1.35-1.36 8.88-9.12
- 8.88-9.12
- 8.88-9.12
- - 8.88-9.12
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.15-8.39 0.80-0.83
8.15-8.39 0.80-0.83
8.15-8.39 0.80-0.83
8.15-8.39 0.75-0.78
8.15-8.39 0.75-0.78
Average
1.45-1.48
1.42-1.45
1.40-1.42
1.34-1.35 8.88-9.12
8.64-8.88
8.39-S.64
8.15-8.391 0.78-0.81
Dec. 7..
14..
" 21..
* 28..
1.48-1.50
1.47-1.48
1.49-1.50
1.55-1.57
1.46-1.47
1.44-1.46
1.46 1.48
1.52-1.54
1.43-1.44
1.41-1.43
1.44-1.45
1.49-1.51
1.38-1.40
1.41-1.42
1.46-1.48
8.88-9.12
8.88-9.12
8.88-9.12
9.12-9.37
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.64-8.88
8.88-9.12
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.39-8.64
8.64-8.88
8.15-8.39
8.15-8.39
8.15-8.39
8.39-8.64
0.75-0.78
0.75-0.78
0.75-0.78
0.76-0.79
Average
1.50-1.51
1.47-1.49
1.44-1.46
1.42-1.43
i
1
8.94-9.18
8.70-8.94
8.45-8.70
8.21-8.45
0.75-0.78
216
PRODUCTION
35. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Bacon and Hams, 1914
(percwt. of 100 lb.)-
BACON.
Date.
Sides.
Cumberland Cut.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
Glasgow.
Liverpool.
Glasgow.
January 7. .
14..
21..
28..
$ c. $ c.
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.77
15.20-14.77
15.21-14.77
14.77-14.34
14.55-14.12
14.93-14.50
14.55-14.12
14.34-13.90
14.34-13.90
14.99-14.55
14.56-14.12
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
14.77-14.34
14.77-14.34
14.56-14.12
14.56-14.12
14.67-14.23
14.56-14.12
14.56-14.12
14.34-13.90
14.12-13.90
14.40-14.01
13.47-12.59
13.90-13.04
13.90-13.04
14.34-13.47
13.90-13.04
21.65-20.88
20.66-19.56
18.69-18.25
20.33-19.56
18.47-18.25
18.25-17.81
18.25-17.81
18.25-17.81
18.25-17.81
18.29-17.90
$ c. $ c.
14.77-14.34
14.99-14.77
14.99-14.77
14.77-14.55
14.88-14.61
14.34-14.12
14.34-14.12
14.34-13.69
14.34-13.69
14.34-13.91
14.34-13.90
14.77-14.34
14.77-14.34
14.55-14.34
14.61-14.23
14.77-14.34
14.77-14.34
14.77-14.34
14.55-14.34
14.34-13.90
14.64-14.24
14.34-13.90
14.12-13.47
14.12-13.47
14.12-13.47
14.18-13.58
14.12-13.47
13.90-13.04
13.90-13.04
13.47-12.59
13.85-13.04
13.47-12.38
13.26-12.15
13.90-12.81
13.90-12.81
14.99-13.90
13.90-12.81
21.65-20.66
17.81-16.73
17.60-16.95
19.02-18.11
18.25-17.60
18.47-17.60
18.47-17.60
18.14-17.28
16.95-16.51
18.06-17.32
$ c. $ c.
15.21-14.77
15.43-14.99
15.43-14.77
15.43-14.77
15.38-14.83
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.77
15.64-14.77
15.32-14.66
14.12-13.69
14.34-13.90
14.99-14.34
14.77-14.34
14.56-14.07
14.77-14.12
15.43-14.77
14.99-14.34
15.43-14.77
15.21-14.55
15.17-14.51
14.77-14.34
14.77-14.12
14.34-13.69
14.56-13.90
14.61-14.01
14.56-14.12
14.34-13.69
14.12-13.47
14.12-13.47
14.29-13.69
13.90-13.26
13.47-12.81
14.55-13.47
14.55-13.47
15.21-14.12
14.34-13.43
16.95-16.08
20.66
20.66
18.47-17.17
19.19-16.62
18.03-17.38
18.69-18.25
18.69-17.81
18.25-17.38
17.60-16.73
18.25-17.51
$ c. $ c.
15.43-15.21
15.64-15.21
15.43-15.21
15.43-15.21
15.48-15.21
15.64-15.43
15.64-15.43
14.99-14.77
14.34-14.12
15.15-14.94
14.34-14.12
14.99-14.55
14.99-14.55
16.08
15.10-14.41
16.08
16.08
$ c. $ c.
14.99-14.34
15.86-14.99
16.08-14.99
16.08-14.99
15.75-14.83
16.08-14.99
16.29-15.21
15.86-14.77
15.86-14.77
16.02-14.94
15.86-14.77
15.86-14.77
16.73-15.21
17.16-15.64
16.40-15.10
16.73-15.64
15.86-15.21
16.29-15.64
15.86-15.21
15.86-15.21
16.12-15.38
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.12
14.77-13.90
14.99-14.12
15.05-14.12
14.99-14.12
14.99-14.34
14.99-14.34
14.77-13.90
14.94-14.18
14.56-13.90
14.34-13.47
14.55-13.69
14.55-13.69
14.99-14.12
14.60-13.78
21.21-20.44
20.00-19.35
19.56-18.69
20.26-19.49
19.35-18.69
18.91-18.25
18.47-17.92
18.14-17..7I
17.81-17.17
18.54-17.95
$ c. $ c.
15.21-14.77
15.43-15.21
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
15.70-15.32
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.21-15.86
15.64-15.21
16.00-15.59
15.64-15.21
15.64-15.21
February 4 . .
11..
" 18..
25..
March 4 . .
11..
18..
25..
Average
April 1..
8..
15..
22..
29..
Average . . .
May 6..
13..
20..
27..
Average
June 3 . .
* 10..
17..
24..
Average
July 1..
8..
15..
22..
29..
Average
August 5 . .
12..
19..
26..
Average
September 2.
9.
16.
23.
30.
Average
217
AGRICULTURE.
35. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Bacon and Hams, 1914
(per cwt. of 100 Ib.) concluded.
BACON.
Date.
Sides.
Cumberland Cut.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
Glasgow.
Liverpool.
Glasgow.
October 7 . .
14..
21..
28..
Average
$ c. $ c.
17.38-16.95
16.73-16.29
15.86-15.21
15.43-14.99
16.35-15.86
14.56-13.69
15.21-14.56
15.64-14.99
15.64-15.21
15.26-14.61
15.86-15.43
15.86-15.43
15.86-15.43
15.86-15.43
16.08-15.64
15.90-15.49
$ c. $ c.
17.49-15.86
15.97-15.54
15.43-14.99
14.77-14.34
15.92-15.18
14.34-13.47
14.56-13.90
15.43-14.77
15.86-15.21
15.05-14.34
15.86-15.21
15.86-15.21
15.86-15.21
15.64-14.99
15.86-14.99
15 82-15.12
S c. $ c.
16.73-15.86
16.51-15.64
16.08-15.43
15.64-14.77
16.24-15.43
14.77-13.90
14.56-13.69
15.21-14.34
15.43-14.99
14.99-14.23
15.64-15.21
15.64-15.21
15.64-15.21
15.64-15.21
16.08-15.64
15.73-15.30
$ c. $ c.
17.81-16.95
17.60-16.95
17.38-16.95
16.73-16.29
17.38-16.79
16.29-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.08-15.64
16.29-15.75
16.19-15.67
15.64-14.88
15.43-14.45
14.56-13.90
14.23-13.79
14.12-13.69
14.80-14.14
. _
November 4 . .
11..
18..
25..
Average
December 2. .
9..
16..
23..
30..
Average
LONG CUT HAMS.
Date.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
Glasgow.
Date.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
Jan. 7
17.81-17.38
17.17-15.21
16.95-16.08
15.64-14.77
July 1
17.81-16.95
17.17-16.08
17.38-16.51
14
17.38-16.51
17.17-15.64
16.95-16.5116.08-15.21
8
17.81-16.95
17.17-16.08
17.60-16.73
21
17.38-16.08
17..17-16.08
17. 17-16. 51116.51-15. 64
15
17.81-16.95
17.38-16.73
17.60-16.51
28
17.38-16.08
17.17-16.08
17.38-16.73
16.51-15.64
22
17.81-16.95
17.38-16.73
17.60-16.51
29
17.81-16.95
17.60-16.73
17.81-16.95
Average..
17.49-16.51
17.17-15.75
17.11-16.46
16.19-15.32
Average. . .
17.81-16.95
17.34-16.47
17.60-16.64
Feb. 4
17.38-16.08
17.17-16.08
17.38-16.51
16.51-16.08
11
17.38-16.0816.73-16.08
16.95-16.5116.29-15.86
Aug. 5
_ _
_ _
17.81-16.95
18
16.95-16.0816.51-15.64
16. 95-16. 5l!l6. 29-15. 86
12 |21.65-20. 66
21.65-20.66
25
16.95-16.08
16.73-15.64
16.95-16.29
16.29-15.86
19
21.65-20.66
19.56-18.25
20.44
26
20.00-19.56
19.56-18.91
19.78-18.91
Average. .
17. 17-16. 08|16. 79-15.86,17. 06-16. 46 16. 35-15. 92
Average. . .
21.10-20.29
20.26-19.27
19.34-17.93
March 4
16.95-16.08
16.73-15.64
16.73-16.0816.29-15.86
11
16.95-16.08
16.73-15.64
16.73-15.8616.29-15.86
Sept. 2
20. 00-19. 56 19. 56-18. 91 19. 56-18. 69
18
16.95-16.08
16.73-15.64
17.38-16.5116.75-16.29
9 20.00-19.1319.24-18.4719.35-18.47
25
17.16-16.29
17.16-16.29
17.38-16.95
-
" 16 19.56-18.69
18.47-17.81!18.91-18.03
23
19.13-18.25
17.71-17.06,18.47-17.60
Average. .
17.00-16.13
16.84-15.80
17.06-16.35,16.44-16.00
30 jl8.47-17.81
17.38-16.5117.81-17.17
April 1
17.16-16.29
17.16-16.29
17.81-16.95
_ _
Average. . .
19.43-18.69
18 . 47-17 . 75 18 . 82-17 . 99
8
17.16-16.2917.16-16.29
17.38-16.51
- -
15
17.16-16.2917.16-16.2917.38-16.51
- -
Oct. 7
17.81-17.38
16.73-15.8617.38-16.73
22
17.16-16.29
17.38-16.2917.60-16.95
_ _
14
17.38-16.95 16.08-15.21 17.17-16.29
29
17.16-16.29
17.38-16.29
17.38-16.08
-
21
17.38-16.51
16.08-15.21 16.73-15.86
" 28
16.95-15.64
15.86-15.10
16.29-15.64
Average. .
17.16-16.29
17.25-16.29
17.51-16.60
- -
Average..
17.38-16.62
16.19-15.34
16.89-16.13
May 6
17.17-16.29
17.38-16.29
17.81-16.95
_ _
13
17.17-16.29
17.38-16.29
18.03-17.17
- -
Nov. 4
16.29-15.21
15.64-14.90
15.86-15.43
20
17.60-16.51
17. 17-16. 08|17.60-16. 95
_
11
16.29-15.21
15.86-14.9916.08-15.21
27
17.60-16.51
17.17-16.08
17.60-16.95
-
18
16.29-15.21
16.51-15.6416.51-15.64
25
16.51-15.64
16.73-15.86
16.73-16.08
Average..
17.39-16.40
17.28-16.19
17.76-17.01
- -
Average..
16.35-15.32
16.19-15.35
16.30-15.59
June 3
17.60-16.51
17.16-16.08
17.38-16.51
- -
10
17.60-16.51
17.16-16.08
17.16-16.51
- -
Dec. 2
16.95-16.08
16.95-16.0816.73-16.08
17
17.81-16.95
17.16-16.0817.38-16.51
_ _
9
16.95-16.08
16.95-16.0816.73-16.08
24
17.81-16.95
17.16-16.08
17.60-16.73
_ _
16
16.95-16.08
16.95-16.0817.17-16.29
23
16.95-16.08
16.73-16.08
16.95-16.08
Average..
17.71-16.73
17.16-16.08
17.38-16.57
- -
30
16.95-16.08
16.51-16.08
16.73-16.08
Average..
16.95-16.08 16.82-16.08 16.86-16.12
218
PRODUCTION.
36. Prices in British Markets of Canadian Cheese, 1914 (per cwt. of 100 Ib.)
Date.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
Glasgow.
Date.
Bristol.
Liverpool.
London.
Glasgow.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
$ c. $ c.
Jan. 7
14
" 21
28
14.88-14.34
15.10-14.67
15.10-14.67
15.10-14.67
14.88-14.23
14.99-14.45
15.10-14.56
15.21-14.55
14.99-14.77
14.99-14.77
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.77
14.77 -
15.21 -
15.21
15.43 -
July 1
8
15
22
29
15.21-14.34
13.69-13.37
13.90-13.47
13.90-13.47
13.90-13.58
13.58-13.37
13.69-13.37
13.80-13.37
13.80-13.37
13.80-13.37
15.21-14.34
14.01-13.69
13.90-13.69
13.90-13.69
13.90-13.47
14.34 -
13.90
13.90
13.90
13.90 -
Average..
15.05-14.59
15.05-14.45
15.10-14.77
15.16
Average..
14.12-13.65
13.73-13.37
14.18-13.78
13.99
Feb. 4
11
18
25
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.67
15.21-14.67
15.21-14.67
14.34-14.12
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.67
15.21-14.77
15.43-14.99
15.64-14.77
15.64-14.77
15.64-15.43
Aug. 5
12
19
26
16.95-16.08
16.51-15.64
15.86-14.99
17.38-16.29
15.64-14.99
15.43-14.99
14.12-13.69
16.95-16.51
16.51-16.08
15.86-15.21
16.08 -
16.95 -
15.64
15.64 -
Average..
15.21-14.70
14.94-14.47
15.48-14.83
15.64-15.43
Average..
16.44-15.57
16.15-15.42
15.86-15.37
16.08
Mar. 4
11
18
25
15.21-14.67
15.43-14.67
15.43-14.67
15.43-14.67
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.64-14.99
15.64-14.99
15.43-14.77
15.43-14.77
-
Sept. 2
9
16
23
30
16.08-15.21
16.29-15.86
16.51-15.86
16.51-15.86
16.51-15.86
15.97-15.54
16.29-15.75
16.40-15.75
16.29-15.75
16.19-15.64
15.64-15.21
16.29-15.86
16.95-16.29
16.29-15.86
16.29-15.86
16.08
16.51 -
16.51
16.51 -
16.51 -
Average..
15.38-14.67
15.21-14.55
15.54-14.88
-
Average..
16.38-15.73
16.23-15.69
16.29-15.82
16.42
April 1
8
15
" 22
29
15.43-14.67
15.32-14.55
15.32-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
15.21-14.55
14.55-14.34
15.21-14.34
15.53-14.77
15.43-14.77
15.43-14.77
15.43-14.77
15.43-14.77
_ _
Oct. 7
14
<21
28
16.51-16.08
16.62-16.29
16.51-16.29
16.51-16.29
16.19-15.75
16.51-16.19
16.62-16.29
16.62-16.29
16.51-16.38
16.73-16.29
16.73-16.51
16.73-16.51
16.51
16.95 -
16.95 -
Average. .
15.30-14.58
15.08-14.47
15.43-14.77
-
Average..
16.54-16.24
16.49-16.13
16.68-16.42
16.80
May 6
13
20
27
15.21-14.56
15.21-14.56
14.99-14.12
14.99-14.12
15.21-14.23
15.21-14.23
15.21-14.23
15.21-14.01
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.56
15.21-14.56
-
Nov. 4
11
18
25
16.51-16.08
16.51-16.08
16.51-16.08
16.73-16.40
16.51-16.29
16.51-16.29
16.73-16.29
16.84-16.51
16.73-16.29
16.51-16.08
16.73-16.29
16.73-16.29
16.95 -
16.95 -
16.95 -
16.95 -
Average. .
15.10-14.34
15.21-14.18
15.21-14.56
-
Average. .
16.57-16.16
16.65-16.35
16.68-16.24
16.95
June 3
10
17
24
14.99-14.12
15.21-14.12
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.34
15.21-13.79
13.69-13.04
13.80-13.58
13.69-13.47
15.21-14.77
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.34
15.21-14.34
14.12
14.12 -
Dec. 2
9
16
23
30
16.84-16.51
17.17-16.73
17.38.16.95
17.38-16.95
17.38-16.95
16.95-16.51
17.06-16.62
17.17-16.73
17.38-16.84
17.38-16.84
16.95-16.51
16.95-16.51
17.17-16.73
17.38-16.95
16.95-16.51
16.95 -
17.17 -
17.17 -
17.81 -
17.81 -
Average..
15.16-14.23
14.10-13.47
15.21-14.45
14.12
Average. .
17.23-16.82
17.19-16.71
17.08-16.64
17.38
219
AGRICULTURE.
World s Cereal Production. Table 37, reproduced from the Bulletin
of Agricultural and Commercial Statistics of the International Agri
cultural Institute, but with the metric weights and measures converted
into Canadian equivalents, shows the areas and yields of wheat, rye,
barley and oats in the principal countries of the world for the year 1914
(northern hemisphere) and 1914-15 (southern hemisphere), compared
with the previous years 1913 and 1913-14. The table includes only
those countries adhering to the Institute. As compared with the
similar table given in the Year Book of 1913 (pp. 180-182), the figures
now given for 1913-14 include later revisions. Owing to the dislocation
caused by the war the figures of 1914 for some of the belligerent countries
are incomplete, and it is not possible to give the comparative
figures for all countries for the year 1914-15. For this year, therefore,
the totals and averages are printed in italics.
37. The World s Cereal Production, 1913-14 and 1914-15.
Countries.
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-14.
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-14.
1913-14.
1914-15.
Wheat-
Germany. ....
000
acres.
4,878
000
acres.
4,990
p.c.
102.3
000
bush.
171,077
000
bush.
91,924*
p.c.
85. 1
bush,
per
acre.
35.09
bush,
per
acre.
32. 12 1
Austria
2,997
59,626
19.93
Hungary .
7,700
8,623
112.0
151,348
125,440
82.9
19.63
14.57
Belgium
394
400
101.5
14,769
13,973
94.6
37.47
34.94
Bulgaria
2,545
60,627
45,930
75.8
23.97
Denmark. . . .
Spain
134
9,644
134
9,681
100.0
100.4
6,695
112,402
5,788
116,090
86.5
103.3
50.11
11.60
43.27
12.04
France
16,177
16,049
99.2
319,373
19.78
Great Britain
and Ireland
Italy. . . .
1,790
11,842
1,905
11,783
106.4
99.5
56,696
214,407
62,521
169,444
110.3
79.0
31.67
18.14
32.86
14.42
Luxemburg . . .
Norway
27
12
28
12
100.2
100.0
644
324
613
269
95.2
83.0
23.94
26.17
22.30
21.71
Netherlands. .
Rumania
Russia-in-Eu-
rope
141
4,011
60,756
145
5,218
102.5
130.1
5,081
84,192
813,784
5,380
46,536
572,386
105.9
55.3
70.3
35.98
20.97
13.38
37.17
8.92
Russia-in-
Asia
13,103
121,143
179,962
148.6
9.22
Sweden
259
259
100.0
9,330
7,619
81.7
35.98
29.44
Switzerland. .
Canada
105
11,015
103
10,294
98.2
93.5
3,509
231,721
3,278
161,283
93.4
69.6
33.46
20.97
31.82
15.61
United States
Mexico
50,185
1,478
53,542
106.7
763,392
4,389
891,032
116.7
15.17
2.97
16.65
India
28,449
32,148
113.0
312,416
384,272
123.0
11.00
11.90
Japan
1,274
1,174
92.2
25,207
21,642
85.9
19.78
18.44
Algeria. ......
1,608
1,662
103.4
14,697
11,023
75.0
9.07
6.69
Egypt .
1,355
38,427
33,042
86.0
28.40
Tunis
1,236
1,058
85.6
5,512
2,205
40.0
4.46
2.08
Argentina. . . .
Chili
16,243
1,152
15,471
95.2
113,905
11,986
178,222
22,792
156.5
190.2
6.99
10.41
11.45
Australia. . . .
New Zealand
9,296
190
190
99.8
103,874
5,960
29,559
5,000
28.5
83.9
11.15
31.38
26.32
Totals and
averages
259,996
174,869
_
3,836,513
3,187,225
14.76
14.50
Prussia only.
220
PRODUCTION.
37. The World s Cereal Production, 1913-14 and 1914-15 con.
Countries.
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-14.
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-15
1913-14
1914-15.
Rye-
Germany
000
acres.
15,850
4,852
2,669
641
457
607
1,918
2,961
52
5
7
307
26
37
564
224
66,519
3,100
989
60
119
2,557
2
228
000
acres.
16,058
2,761
645
607
1,887
2,915
54
5
8
303
26
37
560
208
989
61
111
2,541
2
p.c.
101.3
103.5
100.7
100.0
98.4
98.4
104.7
103.3
112.1
98.7
102.0
100.0
99.3
92.8
100.0
102.3
93.0
99.4
100.0
000
bush.
481,174
106,473
52,256
22,463
10,826
17,005
27,916
50,056
202
5,589
685
972
16,642
3,732
880,304
30,706
22,266
1,752
2,300
41,381
3,346
000
bush.
333,257 1
47,704
23,138
9,842
11,147
23,950
222
5,260
626
1,045
14,635
1,956
785,450
39,982
24,185
1,724
2,017
42,779
1,811
p.c.
90. 6 1
91.3
103.0
90.9
65.5
85.8
109.9
94.1
91.4
107.5
87.9
52.4
89.2
130.2
108.6
98.4
87.7
103.4
55.3
bush,
per
acre.
30.4
21.99
19.60
35.05
23.74
28.04
14.50
16.89
30.11
18.16
26.61
26.13
29.47
16.73
13.22
9.88
24.53
29.16
19.28
16.25
14.66
bush,
per
acre.
28. 52 1
17.21
35.85
18.32
12.75
29.47
17.37
34.90
28.04
26.13
9.40
13.22
28.20
18.16
16.89
Austria
Hungary .
Belgium . . .
Bulgaria
Denmark. . . .
Spain. . . .
France
England and
Wales
Scotland
Ireland
Italy .
Luxemburg . . .
Norway . .
Netherlands . .
Rumania, .. . .
Russia-in-Eu-
rope
Russia-in-
Asia
Sweden . .
Switzerland. .
Canada
United States
Algeria. . .
Argentina ....
Totals and
averages
Barley
Germany
104,749
29,776
1,778,046
1,370,730
-
16.97
19.91
4,087
2,699
2,887
84
568
597
3,870
1,879
1,930
618
4
89
66
1,390
28,458
1,075
4,010
2,777
84
597
3,404
1,826
1,871
610
3
89
67
1,405
98.1
96.2
100.3
100.0
88.0
97.2
97.0
98.7
78.1
100.0
101.0
101.0
168,711
80,384
79,826
4,217
16,075
27,357
68,773
47,939
68,367
10,803
116
3,369
3,121
27,662
520,008
14,783
81,536!
67,147
4,232
16,075
22,746
72,272
67,219
6,917
80
2,591
3,210
24,647
376,174
19,561
81. 2 1
84.1
100.4
100.0
83.1
105.1
98.3
64.0
69.0
76.9
102.9
89.1
72.3
41.26
29.74
27.69
50.19
28.25
45.91
17.84
25.46
35.50
21.19
30.48
37.92
47.03
19.89
18.22
13.75
39. 22 1
24.16
50.19
38.10
21.19
35.87
11.34
26.95
29.18
47.95
17.47
Austria. .
Hungary .
Belgium
Bulgaria
Denmark
Spain ....
France ...
Great Britain
and Ireland
Italy .
Luxemburg. . .
Norway
Netherlands. .
Rumania ....
Russia-in-Eu-
rope
Russia-in-
Asia
Prussia only. Z 500 acres.
221
AGRICULTURE.
37. The World s Cereal Production, 1913-14 and 1914-15 concluded.
Countries.
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-14
1913-14.
1914-15.
p.c. of
1913-14
1913-14
1914-15
Barley con.
Sweden
000
acres.
437
13
1,613
7,499
. 292
3,296
1,555
383
988
418
124
35
000
acres.
437
15
1,496
7,565
3,295
1,663
855
18
p.c.
100.0
117.7
92.7
100.9
99.9
106.9
86.5
52.4
000
bush.
16,912
450
48,318
178,185
10,839
102,430
22,965
11,453
6,430
8,038
5,741
1,373
000
bush.
13,059
528
36,200
194,949
91,360
8,267
11,086
3,215
531
p.c.
77.2
117.3
74.9
109.4
89.2
36.0
96.8
50.0
38.7
bush,
per
acre.
38.66
35.13
29.93
23.79
37.17
31.04
14.68
30.94
6.51
19.33
. 46.47
39.22
bush,
per
acre.
29.93
35.13
24.16
25.84
27.69
5.02
3.72
29.0
Switzerland . .
Canada. . .
United States
Mexico
Japan
Algeria
Egypt.
t~f> J "
Tunis
Argentina. .
Chili
New Zealand.
Totals and
averages
Oats
Germany
66,954
82,087
1,554,645
1,128,602
23.22
23.16
10,967
4,707
2,884
686
420
1,059
1,351
9,881
3,961
1,251
77
262
348
1,290
39,150
5,734
1,952
81
10,434
38,400
124
130
133
3,087
400
11,148
2,655
686
1,059
1,304
9,489
3,878
1,213
77
262
346
1,056
1,952
83
10,062
38,443
124
141
99
2,868
288
101.7
92.1
102.2
100.0
96.5
99.7
97.9
97.0
99.8
100.0
99.4
81.9
100.0
103.0
96.4
100.1
100.0
108.4
74.1
92.9
71.9
629,871 385,747
173,606
93,937 85,241
45,136 46,816
12,968; 12,968
53,755 44,440
23.843 29,390
336,049
189,588^ 189,906
40,912 25,249
3,426| 3,844
12,870: 8,777
19,875 18,784
35,756 23,823
961,107 679,769
113,966 152,948
93,945 54,873
4,792 4,896
404,665 313,075
1,055,784 1,073,941
5,478 5,478
3,891 2,918
3,8911 648
47,983 59,661
18,697 11,471
i
90. 7 1
90.7
103.7
100.0
82.7
123.3
100.2
61.7
112.2
68.2
94.5
66.6
70.7
134.2
58.4
102.2
77.4
101.7
100.0
75.0
16.7
110.8
61.3
57.47
37.00
32.54
67.18
30.96
50.91
17.58
34.11
47.76
32.80
44.35
49.07
57.20
27.82
24.67
19.94
48.02
59.30
38.84
27.55
44.08
29.91
29.13
15.48
46.71
55. 63 1
32.01
68.23
41.99
22.57
49.07
20.73
49.86
33.33
54.32
22.57
28.08
58.78
31.23
27.82
44.08
20.73
6.56
20.47
39.89
Austria . . .
Hungary .
Belgium
Bulgaria .
Denmark. . . .
Spain
France . . .
Great Britain
and Ireland
Italy.
Luxemburg . . .
Norway. . . .
Netherlands..
Rumania
Russia-in-Eu-
rope
Russia-in-
Asia
Sweden . .
Switzerland . .
Canada. .
United States
Japan
Algeria .
Tunis
Argentina. . . .
New Zealand.
Totals and
averages
138,769
87,233
4,385,791,
3234,663
31.61
30.78
Prussia only.
222
PRODUCTION.
FORESTRY.
Areas of Commercial Timber. According to estimates of the
Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior, the total area of
land covered by timber in Canada is between 500 and 600 million
acres, of which between 200 and 300 million acres are covered by
timber of commercial size. Distributed by provinces the estimated
acreages of commercial timber are as follows: Nova Scotia, 5,000,000;
New Brunswick, 9,000,000; Quebec, 100,000,000; Ontario, 70,000,000;
Northwest provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta), 11,000,000;
British Columbia, 30,000,000. These figures make an aggregate of
225,000,000 acres for the Dominion of Canada.
Forest Reserves. In the Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario,
and the greater part of British Columbia the administration of the
forests is under provincial control; but forests on the public lands of the
Northwest provinces and within the Railway Belt of British Columbia
are under the control of the Dominion Government. For many years
both the Dominion and Provincial Governments have adopted the
policy of setting aside forest reserves for the purposes of providing a
permanent supply of timber, of maintaining conditions favourable to a
continuous water supply and of protecting animals, fish and birds
within the reserve boundaries. Under succesive enactments, the total
area of the forest reserves of Canada has grown from 7,413,760 acres
in 1901 to 152,833,955 acres in 1914. Of the latter total 107,997,513
acres are in Quebec, 14,430,720 acres are in Ontario, and 2,474,240 acres
are in British Columbia under provincial control, and 27,931,482 acres
are on lands under federal jurisdiction in Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
Alberta and British Columbia. The area of 2,474,240 acres in British
Columbia comprises only the areas set apart as provincial parks and
reserves for water purposes. In addition to this area, all non-alienated
timber lands in British Columbia ?,re reserved; their area is not
definitely known, but it exceeds 20,000,000 acres. 1 Besides the 30,000,000
acres of alienated and un alienated commercial timber ready for the
saw, there are estimated to be 35,000,000 acres of second growth,
which in from 50 to 70 years will produce merchantable timber.
The Dominion forest reserves are distributed as follows : Manitoba,
2,606,400 acres; Saskatchewan, 6,195,706 acres; Alberta, 16,711,776
acres; British Columbia, 2,417,600 acres. This total includes also the
Dominion parks located within the boundaries of the forest reserves.
The largest single reserve is that of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta,
which occupies 13,373,860 acres. In most cases the present administra
tion of the forest reserves consists of little more than a service for the
prevention and control of forest fires, chiefly by the appointment of
forest rangers, the enforcement of fire-prevention regulations and the
provision of fire-fighting appliances; but measures are being taken,
especially by the education and training of forestry experts, to bring
the forest areas of Canada gradually under more scientific and remuner
ative management.
x For references to Forest Reserves legislation of the Dominion Parliament,
see Canada Year Book, 1906, pp. xv-xvi, and 1911, p. xvi.
H
CS
a
CQ
H
02
a
O
fc.
H
05
W
Z
05
^
O
OS
M
fc
fi
-3
O
a"
HH
a,
O
a
Q
O
-*f
Oi
^H
^f
8
03
c8
-O
O
223
FORESTRY.
Forest Trees in Canada. The following is a list of the principal
forest trees in order of commercial importance in Canada:
ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.
NORTHWEST PROVINCES AND
ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
Popular name.
Botanical name.
Popular name. Botanical name.
White Spruce.
White Pine.. .
Balsam Fir. . .
Hemlock
*Birch.
Red Pine. .
Cedar
Tamarack.
*Maple
*Basswood.
Jack Pine.
"Ash.
*Oak....
*Poplar.
*Beech.
Picea canadensis.
Pinus strobus.
Abies balsamea.
Tsuga canadensis.
Betula lutea, alba var.
papyrifera.
Pinus resinosa.
Thuja occidentalis.
Larix laricina.
Acer saccharum, sac-
charinum, rubrum.
Tilia americana.
Pinus Banksiana.
White Spruce Picea canadensis.
*Aspen Populus tremuloides.
*Balsam Poplar. . . .Populus balsamifera.
Jack Pine Pinus Banksiana.
Black Spruce Picea mariana.
Tamarack . . Larix laricina.
:
*White Birch Betula alba, var. papy
rifera.
Lodgepole Pine... .\Pinus Murrayana.
Alpine Fir Abies lasiocarpa.
Alpine Larch \Larix lyalli.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Douglas Fir.
*Elm . . Ulmus americana.
Fraxinus americana,
nigra.
Quercus alba, rubra.
Populus balsamifera,
tremuloides.
Fagus grandifolia.
Western Cedar. . . ,
Western Hemlock
Sitka Spruce
Engelman Spruce .
Alpine Fir
Bull Pine
Western Larch
Lodgepole Pine . . .
Pseudo tsuga mucro-
nata.
Thuja plicata.
Tsuga heterophylla.
Picea sitchensis.
Picea Engelmanni.
Abies lasiocarpa,
amabilis.
Pinus ponderosa.
Larix occidentalis.
Pinus Murrayana.
NOTE. Trees marked with an asterisk (*) are hardwood; all the others are softwood.
Value of Forest Products.- -Table 38 is an estimate of the total
values of the different classes of forest products for the calendar years
1911 to 1914. The figures are rounded to hundred of thousands of
dollars and form as reliable a summary as can be made from the data
available, which are partly from statistics collected by the Forestry
Branch and partly estimated.
224
PRODUCTION.
38. Estimated Values of Forest Products, 1911-1914.
Variety of Timber.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Lumber, lath and shingles
$
82,000,000
$
84,000,000
$
71 000 000
$
67 500 000
Firewood
47,000,000
50,000,000
55 000,000
60 500 000
Pulpwood
10,000,000
12,000,000
15 000,000
15 500 000
Posts and rails
9,500,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
9,500,000
Cross-ties
6,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
9 000,000
Square timber exported
800,000
1,900,000
500,000
400,000
Cooperage
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,900,000
1,900,000
Poles
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,800,000
700,000
Logs exported
800,000
1,100,000
900,000
850,000
Tanning materials
900,000
1,000,000
20,000
22,000
Round mining timbers
500,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
Miscellaneous exports
200,000
300,000
400,000
300,000
Miscellaneous products
10,000,000
10,500,000
11,000,000
10,000,000
Total .
170.600,000
182.300,000
177,120,000
176,672,000
Uses of Canadian Woods. Spruce is the most important wood in
Canada for the production of lumber and pulp. Maple is used for
firewood as well as for furniture, cars, agricultural implements, hard
wood flooring and distillation. Cedar is the most important wood in
Canada for poles, fence post and rails, cross-ties (or railway sleepers)
and shingles. White pine and Douglas fir are important lumber species.
Beech, poplar and jack pine are used in largest quantities for firewood.
Red pine, hemlock and tamarack are lumber woods of less importance.
Balsam fir is an important pulpwood. Yellow pine grows in the interior
of British Columbia and covers a large area in the dry belt. Elm is an
important cooperage wood, together with oak, ash and basswood.
39. Quantities and Values of the cut of Lumber, Shingles and Lath by
Provinces, 1912 and 1913.
Provinces.
LUMBER.
SHINGLES.
LATH.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
1912.
Ontario
M.F.B.M.
1,385,186
1,313,782
677,215
449,738
312,763
157,255
39,535
47,478
6,771
$
26,774,937
17,738,830
10,693,262
6,042,533
4,306,083
2,535,611
545,356
745,868
93,304
M.
151,092
778,045
330,874
280,081
22,065
100
2,572
13,514
$
359,557
1,503,582
665,479
576,549
37,396
200
8,969
23,587
M.
303,058
124,459
117,102
223,426
82,311
42,531
1,418
1,801
2,910
$
793,385
204,234
291,739
468,633
181,878
109,767
2,360
5,424
7,202
British Columbia ....
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Alberta
Prince Edward Island
Total.
4.389.723
69.475.784
1.578.343
3.175,319
899,016
2,064,622
NOTE. M.F.B.M. signifies 1,000 ft. board measure.
225
FORESTRY.
39. Quantities and values of the cut of Lumber, Shingles and Lath by
Provinces, 1912 and 1913 concluded.
Provinces.
LUMBER.
SHINGLES.
LATH.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
1913.
Ontario
M.F.B.M.
1,101,066
1,173,647
603,346
399,247
247,722
114,800
71,961
44,462
6,391
$
25,772,617
16,428,218
10,618,528
5,758,849
3,669,264
1,908,482
946,458
608,902
85,120
M.
128,211
643,484
363,560
306,148
41,327
225
2,124
200
$
308,277
1,204,713
807,035
659,381
81,744
506
2,655
330
M.
262,869
108,859
90,231
198,555
53,448
21,150
50
4,516
$
710,808
163,688
225,277
485,790
128,339
58,893-
88
10,400
British Columbia ....
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Alberta
Prince Edward Island
Total
3,816,642
65,796,438
1,485,279
3,064,641
739,678
1,783,283
40. Quantities and Values of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp, 1912, 1913
and 1914.
Provinces.
Wood
used.
Value.
Average
Value per
cord.
Pulp,
produced.
Number
of firms
reporting.
1912.
Quebec
Cords.
578,855
$
3,386,705
$ cts.
5.85
Tons.
459,420
No.
24
Ontario
173,903
1,235,343
7.10
142,257
11
New Brunswick .
52,041
287,060
5.52
29,525
4
Nova Scotia
26,176
113,209
4.32
26,176
7
British Columbia
35,067
193,265
5.51
25,254
2
Total
866,042
5,215.582
6.02
682,632
48
1913.
Quebec
629,934
4,107,689
6.52
514, 29
26
Ontario
321,244
2,297,389
7.15
228,498
12
New Brunswick
53,121
342,243
6.44
29,911
4
Nova Scotia
20,562
94,829
4.61
20,562
4
British Columbia
84,173
401,218
4.77
61,354
2
Total
1,109,034
7,243,368
6.53
854,624
48
1914.
Quebec
636,496
4,148,405
6.52
515,409
23
Ontario .
447,751
3,172,235
7.08
325,233
15
New Brunswick
49,339
296,769
6.01
26,829
4
Nova Scotia
10,777
46,015
4.27
10,777
5
British Columbia
80,013
426,444
5.33
56,352
2
Total .
1,224,376
8,089,868
6 61
934,600
49
NOTE. A cord = 138 cubic feet.
226
PRODUCTION
Diagram No. 1
PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION, BY PROVINCES. 1914
PROVINCES
QUEBEC
ONTARIO
BRITISH COLUMBIA
NEW BRUNSWICK
NOVA SCOTIA
HUNDRED THOUSANDS OF CORDS
I
13*
Hob
11913
1 1913
|ISI4
;i8i3
Diagram No. 2
PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION. BY SPECIES, 1914
SPECIES
HUNDRED THOUSANDS OF CORDS
SPRUCE
BALSAM FIR
HEMLOCK
JACKPINE
POPLAR
1 25 4- .5 6 7 8 9
,T9i3
M.,9,4
1 I
9)5
1914
HH9I3
|I9K
]JSI3
Diagram No. 3
PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION, BY PROCESSbS, 1914
PROCESS
HUNDRED THOUSANDS OF CORDS
MECHANICAL
SULPHITE
SULPHATE
SODA
1 2 3 4- 3 6
,9,4.
Hm
ISI4
1(913
USli
|I9 4
11913
227
FORESTRY.
41. Kinds of Wood used in the manufacture of Pulp by Quantities and Values,
1912, 1913 and 1914.
Kinds of Wood.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
Value.
Spruce
Cords.
677,747
$
4,125,695
$ cts.
6.09
Cords.
754,858
$
5,104,221
$ cts.
6.76
Cords.
836,387
S
5,605,923
cts.
fi.70
Balsam Fir
164,587
955,950
5.81
283,292
1,806,911
6.38
314,183
2,067,434
6.58
Hemlock
19,178
105,988
5.53
47,360
201,480
4.25
45,246
25i,576
5.63
Poplar
4,405
27,335
6.20
4,141
29,081
7.02
3,845
26,170
6.81
Larch . ...
85
454
5.34
.
Jack Pine
40
160
4.00
19,383
101,675
5.25
24,715
135,762
5 49
Total. ...
866,042
5,215,582
6.02
1,109,034
7,243,368
6 53
1,224,376
8,089.868
6.61
42. Quantities of Wood used and of Pulp manufactured, 1913 and 1914.
WOOD USED.
Process of Manufacture .
Quebec.
Ontario.
i\ew
Bruns
wick.
Nova
Scotia.
British
Columbia
Total.
Mechanical 1913
Cords.
398,664
Cords.
135,753
Cords.
6,702
Cords.
20,562
Cords.
38,535
Cords.
600,216
1914
Sulphite 1913
394,321
105,650
202,715
175,398
4,319
40,419
10,777
32,692
45,638
644,824
367,105
1914
Sulphate 1913
113,006
120,476
231,754
10,093
45,020
6,000
47,321
435,101
136,569
1914
Soda 1913
125,384
5,144
13,282
140,666
5,144
1914
All processes 1913
3,785
629,934
321,244
53,121
20,562
84,173
3,785
1,109,034
1914
636,496
447,751
49,339
10,777
80,013
1,224,376
PULP MANUFACTURED.
Process of Manufacture.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons
Tons.
Tons.
Tons,
Mechanical. . .1913
398,664
135,753
6,702
20,562
38,535
600,216
1914
Sulphite 1913
394,321
52,825
202,715
87,699
4,319
20,209
10,777
32,692
22,819
644,924
183,552
1914
Sulphate. . 1913
56,503
60,238
115,877
5,046
21,510
3,000
-
23,660
217,550
68,284
1914
Soda 1913
62,692
2,572
6,641
1,000
70,333
2,572
1914
All processes 1913
1,893
514,299
228,498
29,911
20,562
61,354
1,893
854,620
1914
515,409
325,233
26,829
10,777
56,352
934,704
228
PRODUCTION.
43. Quantities and Values of Cross-ties and Poles purchased by Railway
and Electric Companies, 1913 and 1914.
1913.
1914.
Purchased by
Quantity.
Value.
Average
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
Value.
Steam Railways:
Cross-ties
No.
19 490 491
$
8 245 166
$ cts.
42
No.
19 196 208
$
8 545 057
8> CtS.
45
Telephone and tele
graph poles
..
469,521
833,259
1.77
186,111
357,159
1 92
Electric Railways:
M
Cross-ties
391,223
225,086
58
207,438
119 857
58
Telephone and tele
graph poles 1 . .
65,071
355,072
5.45
97,073
303,103
3.12
Total cross-ties
19,881,714
8,470,252
43
19,403,646
8,664,914
45
Total telephone and
telegraph poles
534,592
1,188,331
2 22
283,184
660,262
2.33
Includes poles purchased by Power and Light Companies.
Skins and Furs of Wild Animals. In Table 44 are shown for
Canada the numbers and values of the skins and furs of wild animals
killed during the year 1910, as compiled from data of the Census of 1911.
The kinds or classes of furs are arranged in 39 different categories, and
their total value for the whole of Canada is SI, 927,550, as compared
with $899,645 in 1901 for the year 1900. At the Census of 1901 records
of quantities were not taken. For 1910 the item of greatest value in
the table is that for assorted furs, $445,320; next come muskrats,
$256,213; martens, $221,583 and minks, $221,500. Table 45 gives the
values only by provinces. The largest production is naturally in the
unorganized territories, the value being $500,217. Then follow in order
of value Quebec $407,901, Ontario $297,101, Saskatchewan $211,787,
British Columbia $174,253, Yukon Territory $159,672, Alberta $115,003
and the Maritime provinces $46,855. The value for Manitoba is
$14,761. For Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba the production is limited
to these provinces as existing before their extension of boundaries in
1912; so that any production in the territories then added is included in
that of the unorganized territories. It should also be noted that the
quantities and figures apply solely to wild animals in a state of freedom,
and do not therefore include the production from fur farms or from wild
animals in captivity.
229
SKINS AND FURS OF WILD ANIMALS.
44. Number and Value of the Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed in
Canada in 1910, according to the Census of 1911.
Kinds or classes
of Furs.
Number.
Value.
Kinds or classes
of Furs.
Number.
Value.
Assorted furs
$
445 320
Lynx including
$
Badgers
121
262
wild cats
8,159
114,756
Bears black
859
7 926
IVIartens . . .
31 437
221,583
Bears brown
55
632
Minks . ...
45,973
221,500
Bears, grizzly
21
364
Moose
2,336
18,700
Bears, white
28
289
Musk-ox
38
950
Bears, not specified. .
3,546
35,712
Muskrats
915,754
256,213
Beavers
24,895
131,833
Otters
5,721
102,291
Caribou
2,082
8,495
Panthers
22
280
Coyotes, or prairie
Rabbits
3,879
429
wolves
735
2,673
Raccoons
5,042
7,038
Deer, not specified.. .
2,726
6,680
Skunks
14,681
17,515
Elk
1,018
4,534
Squirrels
282
429
Ermine (weasels) ....
52,072
21,535
Seals (fur)
5,108
32,997
Fishers (pekans)
2,429
21,986
Walrus
235
652
Foxes, black
46
12,507
Whales
16
88
Foxes blue
6
55
Wolves . . .
2,334
16,452
Foxes, cross
1,634
17,557
Wolverenes . .
927
4,873
Foxes, red
9,610
59,863
Foxes, silver
475
97,399
Foxes, white
2,343
10.581
Total value, 1910 . .
1,927,550
Foxes, not specified. .
Grampus
3,475
61
24,182
419
Total value, 1900 . .
899,645
/
45. Values of Skins and Furs of Wild Animals killed, by Provinces, 1900
and 1910.
Provinces.
1900.
1910.
Provinces.
1900.
1910.
Prince Edward Island
$
517
2,568
Alberta
$
22,004
115,003
Nova Scotia
9,377
22,748
British Columbia.. .
201,398
174,253
New Brunswick
11,359
21,539
Yukon
i
159,672
Qitebec
138,408
407,901
Unorganized terri
Ontario
112,467
297,101
tories
262,951
500,217
1VT an i f f\ V a
16 fi^l
M761
Saskatchewan .
124,513
211,787
Canada
899,645
1,927,550
l ln 1901 the Census figures in the Yukon Territory were included in the Unorganized Territories.
230
PRODUCTION.
FISHERIES.
Extent of Canadian Fisheries. It is no exaggeration to state that
Canada possesses the most extensive fisheries in the world. Abundant
supplies of all the principal commercial food fishes, including salmon,
lobsters, herring, mackerel, sardines, haddock, cod, hake and pollock,
are caught in Canadian territorial waters. The coast line of the Atlantic
provinces from the Bay of Fundy to the Straits of Belle Isle, without
taking into account the lesser bays and indentations, measures over
5,000 miles; and along this great stretch are to be found innumerable
natural harbours and coves, in many of which valuable fish are taken in
considerable quantities with little effort. On the Pacific coast, the
province of British Columbia, owing to its immense number of islands,
bays, and fiords, which form safe and easily accessible harbours, has a
sea-washed shore of 7,000 miles. Along this shore, and within the limits
of the territorial waters, there are fish and mammals in greater abundance
probably than anywhere else in the world. In addition to this immense
salt-water fishing area there are in the numerous inland lakes not less
than 220,000 square miles of fresh water abundantly stocked with many
species of excellent food fishes. The Canadian waters of the Great
Lakes, viz., Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario, form only one-
fifth of the total area of the larger fresh water lakes of Canada.
Methods of Capture. On the Atlantic coast the fisheries may be
divided into two distinct classes : the deep-sea and the inshore or coastal
fisheries. The deep-sea fishery is pursued in vessels of from 40 to 100
tons, carrying crews of from 12 to 20 men. The fishing grounds worked
are on the several banks, which lie from 20 to 90 miles off the Canadian
coast. The style of fishing is that of " trawling by hook-and-line.
The bait used is chiefly herring, squid and capelin; and the fish taken
are principally cod, haddock, hake, pollock and halibut. The inshore
or coastal fishery is carried on in small boats with crews of from two
to three men; also in a class of small vessels with crews of from four
to seven men. The means of capture employed by boat fishermen are
gill-nets, hooks and lines, both hand-line and trawl; and from the shore
are operated trap-nets, haul-seines and weirs. The commercial food
fishes taken inshore are the cod, hake, haddock, pollock, halibut,
herring, mackerel, alewife, shad, smelt, flounder and sardine. The
most extensive lobster fishery known is carried on along the whole of the
eastern shore of Canada, whilst excellent oyster beds exist in many
parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, notably on the north coast of Prince
Edward Island and in the Northumberland strait. The salmon fishery
is predominant on the Pacific coast; but a very extensive halibut fishery
is carried on in the northern waters of British Columbia in large, well-
equipped steamers and vessels. The method of capture is by trawling,
dories being used for setting and hauling the lines, as in the Atlantic
deep-sea fishery. Herring are in great abundance on the Pacific coast,
and provide a plentiful supply of bait for the halibut fishery. In the
inland lake fisheries the various means of capture in use comprise gill-
nets, pound-nets, seines and hook-and-line. The principal commercial
231
FISHERIES.
fishes caught are whitefish, trout, pickerel, pike, sturgeon and fresh
water herring, the latter in the lakes of Ontario only.
Capital Invested.- -The estimated total capital invested in the
fisheries amounted in 1913-14 to $27,464,033, as compared with $24,-
388,459 in 1912-13. Of the total for 1913-14 the sum of $25,371,480
was invested in connection with the sea fisheries and $2,092,553 in
connection with the inland fisheries. The value of the vessels and boats
is represented by $8,279,437 in 1913-14 as against $7,744,038 in 1912-13,
and the value of the fishing gear, canneries, fish-houses and other
fixtures by $19,184,596 in 1913-14 as against $16,644,421 in 1912-13.
Table 46 shows the distribution of capital amongst the various descrip
tions of vessels, boats, nets, traps, etc., used in both sea and inland
fisheries for the fiscal year 1912-13 1 .
Number of Fishermen. There were 98,669 persons employed in
the fishing industry during the year 1913-14, as compared with 88,408
in 1912-13, an increase of 10,261, the sea fisheries engaging 9,542 more
persons and the inland fisheries 719. Of the total in 1913-14, 9,927 were
employed on vessels, 61,251 on boats, 598 on carrying smacks and 26,893
in canneries, freezers, fish-houses, etc. 1
Fishing Bounties. Under an Act of 1882 (45 Viet., c. 18), passed
for development of the sea fisheries and encouragement of the building
of fishing vessels, provision was made for the distribution in bounties
of $150,000 annually among the owners of fishing vessels and fishermen
engaged in fishing from boats in the deep sea fisheries of Canada. An
Act of 1891 (54-55 Viet., c. 42) increased the amount to $160,000. By
Order -in-Council of January 22, 1914, made under the provisions of the
Revised Statutes of 1906, c. 46, the distribution of the appropriation
of $160,000 for the year 1913-14 was made on the following basis : $1
per registered ton to owners of vessels, $6.70 to each vessel fisherman,
$3.95 to each boat fisherman and $1 per boat to owners of fishing boats.
The number of vessels which received bounties in 1913-14 was 910,
with an aggregate tonnage of 22,833, a decrease of 55 vessels and 2,067
tons, as compared with 1912-13. The number of boats on which
bounties were paid was 12,623, and the number of boat fishermen who
received bounties was 21,557, an increase of 625 boats and of 1,146
men as compared with 1912-13. The total number of fishermen in
vessels and boats to whom bounties were paid in 1913-14 was 27,236,
a net increase of 678 as compared with the previous year. The number
of claims filed in 1913-14 was 13,412, an increase of 441 over 1912-13,
and the number paid was 13,533, or 569 more than in the previous year.
The total fishing bounties paid since 1882 amount to $5,058,862.
Table 47 shows by provinces the number of fishermen who received
bounties and the amount of the bounties paid to them during each of
the fiscal years 1910-1913.
1 For similar statistics of previous years, see Canada Year Book of 1911,
p. 390.
232
PRODUCTION.
46. Number and Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, etc., used in the
Sea and Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1913-14.
Description.
Sea Fisheries.
Inland Fisheries.
Total.
Steam fishing
vessels
No.
75
1,247
24,952
8,222
471
144,896
720
18,913
1,888
64,266
1,617,195
722
81
19
2
6
817
7,496
2,552
12
5
1
501
$
1,177,575
2,504,75?
1,077,458
2,376,644
244,745
2,626,396
376,170
192,221
37,760
51,666
1,464,920
685,325
4,115,410
29,950
2,800
362,100
2,399,560
1,533,712
3,501,561
1,200
550,000
40,000
19,550
No.
1ft
4,034
478
69,342
114
103
7,976
507
209
141
102
98
$
518,180
171,136
208,945
796,536
28,000
260
13,233
199,020
37,090
38,775
81,200
178
No.
274
1,247
28,986
8,70C
471
214,238
834
18,913
103
1,888
72,242
1,617,195
722
81
19
2
6
1,324
7,705
2,693
12
5
1
102
501
98
$
1,695,755
2,504,759
1,248,589
2,585,589
244,745
3,422,932
404,170
192,221
260
, 37,760
(64,902
1,464,920
685,325
4,115,410
29,950
2,800
362,100
2,598,580
1,570,802
3,540,336
1,200
550,000
40,000
81,200
19,550
fe 178
Sailing and gasoline
vessels
Boats, sail
gasoline ....
Carrying smacks . . .
Gill nets, seines,
trap and smelt
nets, etc
Weirs
Trawls
Spears. . . .
Skates of gear
Hand lines
Lobster traps
canneries. .
Salmon
Clam
Fish
Sardine "
Freezers and ice
houses
Smoke and fish-
houses
Fishing piers and
wharves
Salteries. . . .
Whaling stations . . .
Oil factories
Fishing huts and
cottages, etc. . .
Scows, pile drivers;
etc
Eel traps .
Total, 1913-14
Total, 1912-13....
Number of men em
ployed on vessels
Number of men em
ployed on boats. .
Number of men em
ployed on carry
ing smacks. . . .
25,371,480
20,442,714
2,092,553
3,945,745
27,464,033
24,388,459
9,091
50,227
598
26,570
836
11,024
323
-
9,927
61,251
598
26,893
Number of persons
employed in fish-
houses, freezers,
canneries, etc ....
Total . .
86,486
12,183
98,669
-
233
FISHERIES.
47. Government Bounties to Fishermen in the fiscal years 1910 to 1913.
Provinces.
Number of men
who received bounties.
Value of
bounties paid.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
Prince Edward Isl d
Nova Scotia
1,789
13,547
2,171
7,488
1,689
14,334
2,073
7,723
2,262
14,307
2,083
7,906
2,328
14,300
2,225
8,383
$9,558
96,468
16,531
36,610
$8,670
99,425
15,795
36,110
$11,119
97,904
15,110
35,863
$11,082
93,456
16,385
37,738
New Brunswick ....
Quebec
Total
24,995
25,819
26,558
27,236
159,167
160,000
159,996
158,661
Inland Fish Markets. Other government assistance to the fishing
industry takes the form of encouraging the development of markets
for fresh fish in the interior of the country by payment of one-third of
the ordinary express charges on shipments of fresh fish from the Atlantic
coast to points as far west as the eastern boundary of Manitoba and from
the Pacific coast as far east as that boundary. Cold storage cars by
fast freight are placed at the disposal of shippers from the Atlantic
seaboard, and aid is rendered in the building of small cold storage
establishments for the storing of bait. Fish-breeding is carried on by
the Dominion Government upon an extensive scale, the expenditure
for this service in 1913-14 amounting to $354,675. The hatcheries
number altogether 51, in addition to three subsidiary hatcheries and five
retaining ponds for Atlantic salmon. They are situated in Prince
Edward Island (3), Nova Scotia (12), New Brunswick (7), Quebec (8),
Ontario (7), Manitoba (4), and British Columbia (10).
Bait Supplies. For want of definite knowledge as to where supplies
of bait may be had, the fishing fleet annually, during the summer months,
loses much time and money searching from harbour to harbour for bait.
In order to remedy this as far as possible, the Department of Marine
and Fisheries put into operation, in 1913, a system whereby definite
information concerning bait supplies along certain stretches of the
coast is collected by the officers of the Department, and despatched
daily by telegraph to certain important sea-ports on the Atlantic sea
board, and there posted up for the information of masters and owners
of fishing vessels. The number of ports selected as receiving stations
has necessarily to be limited; but in order to insure that the smaller
fishing ports should also benefit by direct advice as to available bait
supplies, copies of all telegrams are handed to the Halifax morning
papers, and published in their columns daily. About 780 telegrams
were sent during the year 1913.
Value of Fisheries. As shown in Table 48, the total marketed
value of all kinds of fish, fish products and marine animals, taken by
Canadian fishermen in both the sea and inland fisheries during the
234
PRODUCTION.
year ended March 31, 1914, amounted to $33,207,748, as compared
with $33,389,464 in 1912-13. To the total amount in 1913-14 the sea
fisheries contributed $29,472,811 and the inland fisheries $3,734,937.
48. Quantities and Values of all Fish marketed in Canada in 1912-13 and 1913-14.
Kinds of Fish.
1912-13.
1913-14.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity. Value.
Canada.
Alewives fresh
. . . .cwt.
41,999
25,196
3,060
47
6,320
35,049
70,254
131,112
75,729
482,090
23,236
10,466
1,010
461
381,200
6,963
7,558
196,117
71,061
41,586
103,402
39,164
282,658
323,074
123,219
156,940
299,395
288,570
179,029
85,379
187,616
55,305
17,558
124
14,795
23,377
17,428
62,492
64,839
63,069
116,100
1,050,471
$
33,389,464
56,293
106,954
36,973
235
50,568
162,777
151,270
417,130
243,483
2,708,137
213,740
63,695
17,170
15,982
122,922
23,190
45,348
511,734
282,844
225,610
366,249
33,931
2,719,616
1,317,210
393,142
657,224
449,093
443,118
90,759
1,162,022
3,408,992
388,306
246,987
1,639
78,950
142,602
93,674
319,476
465,462
178,294
1,396,504
6,997,831
18,619
14,380
3,289
75
6,109
26,323
95,004
102,575
91,852
458,721
7,473
8,626
3,122
468,251
8,115
6,947
146,207
64,312
27,563
110,405
22,131
256,096
310,500
116,874
131,275
313,178
279,173
226,524
100,879
165,679
107,339
36,015
130
14,732
29,828
14,497
64,925
. 61,603
77,596
157,933
1,400,276
$
33,207,748
26,904
58,541
36,248
375
46,340
122,324
246,001
399,169
302,129
2,680,171
51,795
56,900
7,478
68,486
149,022
25,029
41,662
337,934
290,792
171,123
152,166
38,813
2,036,400
1,163,103
422,365
525,190
470,379
459,432
113,386
1,482,283
3,227,779
780,703
496,072
1,659
77,106
173,753
72,985
372,868
449,539
187,723
2,065,030
7,743,582
Alewives salted
....bbl.
Bass
. . . .cwt.
Beluga skins
. . . .NO.
Catfish
. . . .cwt.
Clams canned.
. . .cases
Clams, fresh
....bbl.
Cod, fresh
. . . .cwt.
Cod green salted
u
Cod, dried.
ti
Dulse, etc
u
Eels
u
Fish glue stock
. . . .ton
Fish guano
u
Fish oil.
gal.
Flounders
. . . .cwt.
Haddock canned
. .cases
Haddock fresh
. . . .cwt.
Haddock dried
ti
Haddock smoked
((
Hake dried
u
Hake fresh
u
Halibut
u
Herring, fresh
u
Herring, smoked
u
Herring, pickled
....bbl.
Herring, dry-salted
. . . .cwt.
Herring, used as bait
....bbl.
Herring, used as fertilizer ....
a
Lobsters fresh or alive
. . . .cwt.
Lobsters canned
cases
Mackerel, fresh
. . . .cwt.
Mackerel, salted
....bbl.
Maskinonge
. . . .cwt.
Oulachans
u
Oysters
....bbl.
Perch
. . . .cwt.
Pike or jackfish
a
Pickerel
u.
Pollock, fresh and dried
u
Salmon, fresh
u
Salmon, canned
. . cases
further details respecting the Canadian fishing industry see Annual Reports of the Department
of Marine and Fisheries, from which the statistics in the Year Book have been compiled.
235
FISHERIES.
48. Quantities and Values of all Fish marketed in Canada in 1912-13 and 1913-14
concluded.
Kinds of Fish.
1912-13.
1913-14.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Canada con.
Salmon, dry salted and pickled .
Salmon smoked
.cwt.
a
185,928
5,059
2,000
263,601
84,977
205
18,618
464
4,344
102,360
3,520
3,160
10,035
96
6,557
73,664
21,112
3,151
13,463
2,151
1,518,706
140,404
159.884
$
1,574,673
56,515
10,000
263,867
424,885
6,150
20,968
7,460
34,642
982,800
35,200
12,112
133,109
9,693
47,349
709,078
41,314
22,707
44,991
77,086
509,551
1,054,925
503.253
150,223
13,549
124,084^
85,700
404
7,560
250
4,121
88,728
216
2,197
4,811
87
13,322
73,164
19,167
4,041
20,157
504
452,566
137,887
$
876,596
148,505
248,168i
428,500
12,120
8,122
3,240
30,541
810,392
1,080
9,187
62,490
9,093
61,140
682,619
40,440
49,811
63,910
16,003
296,169
929,962
488,922
Salmon roe (salted), Indian con
sumption
a
Sardines fresh and salted
. .bbl.
Sardines, canned
cases.
. . NO .
Sealskins, fur
Sealskins, hair. .
u
Shad salted
..bbl.
Shad fresh
. .cwt.
Smelts
u
Soles
it
Squid
..bbl.
Sturgeon . ,
. . cwt.
Sturgeon caviare.
u.
Sword-fish
u
Trout
u
Tommy cod
u
Tongues and sounds
a
Tullibee
u
Whale fertilizer
. .ton.
Whale oil
gal .
Whitefish
. .cwt.
Fish, all other .
a
49. Quantities and Values of the catch of the Inland Fisheries of Canada, 1912-13
and 1913-14.
Kinds of Fish.
1912-13.
1913-14.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Salmon, fresh
cwt. 2 964
$
33,026
859,144
50,568
1,054,925
636,806
465,462
319,476
80,614
31,746
57,054
44,991
13,186
1,639
8,76C
7,816
2,000
396,251
9,693
526
$
2,802 33,080
131,614 659,830
6,109 46,340
137,887 929,962
68,491 631,942
61,603 449,539
64,925 372,868
14,497 72,985
5,048 32,032
3,582 45,105
20,157 63,910
835 10,086
130 1,659
3,810 7,620
848 4,570
51 255
99,161 316,629
85 8,561
5,089 12,721
6,721 33,606
908 1,637
Herring, fresh
" 182 177
Catfish.
" 6 320
Whitefish.
" 140 404
Trout
" 67 938
Pickerel
" 64 839
Pike
... .. " 62492
Perch
" 16,122
Eels . . ......
" 5 795
Sturgeon
" 4,926
Tullibee
13463
Bass . . .
" 1 046
Maskinonge . . .
124
Alewives, fresh
" 5,846
Shad, fresh
" 818
Shad, salted
bbl . 100
Mixed fish...
cwt. 114.534
Sturgeon caviare
" 96
Tongues and sounds
" 876
Gold eyes ....
a
Carps .
a
Fish, all other
u
Total
4.073.692
3,734,937
NOTE. The figures in Table 49 are also included in Table 48. JFresh only.
236
PRODUCTION.
50. Total Value of Fisheries by Provinces in the fiscal years 1910-1914.
Provinces.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Prince Edward Island
$
1,197,556
8,081,111
4,676,315
1,808,436
2,177,813
1,003,385
173,580
82,562
10,314,755
113,654
$
1,153,708
10,119,243
4,134,144
1,692,475
2,026,121
1,302,779
172,903
82,460
9,163,235
118,365
$
1,196,396
9,367,550
4,886,157
1,868,136
2,205,436
1,113,486
139,436
102,325
13,677,125
111,825
1
1,379,905
7,384,055
4,264,054
1,988,241
2,842,878
800,149
111,839
51,616
14,455,488
111,239
1,280,447
8,297,626
4,308,707
1,850,427
2,674,685
606,272
148,602
81,319
13,891,398
68,265
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Total for Canada
29,629,167
29,965,433 34,667,872
I
33,389,464
33,207,748
51. Total Value of the Fisheries of Canada in the fiscal
years 1870-1914.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1870....
$
6,577,391
1881....
1
15,817,162
1892....
$
18,941,171
1903....
1
23,101,878
1871....
7,573,199
1882....
16,824,092
1893...
20,686,661
1904....
23,516,439
1872....
9,570,116
1883....
16,958,192
1894....
20,719,573
1905....
29,479,562
1873....
10,754,997
1884....
17,766,404
1895....
20,199,338
1906.
26,279,485
1874....
11,681,886
1885....
17,722,973
1896....
20,407,425
1907-08.
25,499,349
1875....
10,350,385
1886....
18,679,288
1897....
22,783,546
1908-09.
25,451,085
1876....
1877
11,117,000
12,005,934
1887....
1888....
18,386,103
17,418,51C
1898....
1899....
19,667,121
21,891,706
1909-10.
1910-11.
29,629,167
29,965,433
1878....
13,215,678
1889....
17,655,256
1900 ....
/ /
21,557,639
1911-12.
/ /
34,667,872
1879....
13,529,254
1890....
17,714,902
1901....
25,737,153
1912-13.
33,389,464
1880....
14,499,976
1891 ....
18,977,878
1902....
21,959,433
1913-14.
33,207,748
237
MINERALS.
Sources of Mineral Statistics. Mineral statistics are available from
various independent official sources. On July 21, 1913, the Census
and Statistics Office published as Bulletin XVI the results of the Census
of Mineral Production taken in 1911. The Mines Department of the
Dominion Government publishes an Annual Report of Mineral Pro
duction, and Annual Reports are also published by the Departments
of Mines of the Provincial Governments of Nova Scotia, Quebec,
Ontario and British Columbia. Data derived from each of these sources
were given in this section of the Year Book of 1913 (pp. 196-211), but
in the present edition the statistics given are limited to those of the
Dominion and provincial Departments of Mines.
Dominion Department of Mines. According to the annual pre
liminary report of the Division of Mineral Resources and Statistics of
the Dominion Department of Mines, the total value of the mineral
products of Canada in the calendar year 1914 was $128,475,499, as
compared with $145,634,812, the finally revised total of 1913. This
is a decrease of $17,159,313, or 11.8 p.c. The average production per
capita was $15.91, as against $18.77 in 1913, $18.27 in 1912 and $14.93
in 1910. From Table 52, showing the quantities and values of minerals
produced in 1913 and 1914, with the increase or decrease in value for
each, it will be observed that there has been a general falling off in the
production of nearly all mine products, the notable exceptions being
pyrites, salt and natural gas. The falling off in the production of the
metals is no doubt to be ascribed in large measure to the conditions
resulting from the war. Especially is this true in the case of copper,
nickel and silver. The cutting off of markets and the closing of metal
exchanges, with the consequent cessation of market quotations, resulted
in the almost immediate closing down or restriction of operation at
many properties. However, before the close of the year many of these
adverse conditions had been adjusted, although prices had fallen con
siderably.
Mineral Products in 1914. The total value of the metallic produc
tion in 1914 was $58,870,028, as against $66,361,351 in 1913, a decrease
of $7,491,323, or 11 p.c. Non-metallic products also show a large falling
off in 1914, the total value for the year being $69,605,471, as against
$79,273,461 in 1913, a decrease of $9,667,990, or 12.19 p.c. The decrease
is most pronounced in the case of coal, asbestos and gypsum and in
products generally classed as structural materials, such as cement,
building brick, sewer pipe and lime.
238
PRODUCTION.
52. Quantities and Values of Minerals produced in Canada, 1913 and 1914.
Description.
Quantities.
Values.
Increase
(+)or
decrease ( )
1913.
1914.
1913.
1914.
in value ($)
Copper Ib.
76,976,925 75,738,386
802,973 770,374
1,128,967 783,164
37,662,703 36,337,765
49,676,772 45,517,937
31,845,803 27,544,231
*
11,753,606
16,598,923
16,540,012
1,754,705
14,903,032
19,040,924
1,313,732
$
10,301,935
15,925,044
10,002,856
1,627,568
13,655,381
15,097,269
1,123,919
$
1,451,671
673,879
6,537,156
127,137
-1,247,651
3,943,655
189,813
Gold oz.
Pig iron tons.
Lead Ib.
Nickel "
Silver oz.
Other metallic prod
Total
1,055,459
687,420
81,904,934
15,543,583
67,733,972
8,863,944
-14,170,962
- 6,679,639
Less pig iron credited
to imported ores
tons.
Total metallic. . .
Asbestos and as-
bestic tons.
161,086
15,012,178
636,370
20,477,838
228,080
158,566
100,791
8,658,805
7,558,484
117,573
13,594,984
510,663
21,047,028
214,805
224,958
107,038
7,172,480
6,245,189
66,361,351
3,849,925
37,334,940
1,447,739
3,309,381
406,439
521,181
491,280
11,019,418
9,504,314
1,609,398
5,504,639
4,274,807
58,870,028
2,909,806
33,433,108
1,137,157
3,511,302
343,124
735,514
493,648
9,187,924
7,090,898
1,247,517
5,593,485
3,921,988
-7,491,323
940,119
- 3,901,832
310,582
+ 201,921
63,315
+ 214,333
+ 2,368
- 1,831,494
- 2,413,416
361,881
+ 88,846
352,819
Coal "
Gypsum .... "
Natural gas. . . .M. ft.
Petroleum brls.
Pyrites tons
Salt "
Cement brls.
Clay products
Lime bush.
Stone
Miscellaneous non-
.metallic
Total non-metallic
Grand Total
-
-
79,273,461
69,605,471
- 9,667,990
145,634,812
128,475,499
-17,159,313
1
Note. In tables 52 to 64 the ton, where employed, is the short ton of 2000 Ib.
239
MINERALS.
53. Mineral Production of Canada in the Calendar Years 1913 and 1914.
Minerals.
1913.
1914. 1
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Actinolite
. . . ton .
66
1,692
136,951
24,135
641
668,426,675
116,802,053
4,208,295
875,355
8,658,805
15,012,178
928,383
76,976,925
1,177
16,790
802,973
2,162
4,837
636,370
216,614
500
37,662,703
7,558,484
515
20,477,838
49,676,772
5,987
2,600
228,080
385
73,508
18
158,181
78,261
100,791
92,586,676
31,845,803
1,432
$
720
101,463
3,830,909
19.016
MIO
5,917,373-
1,458,733
75,669
15,423
11,019,418
37,334,940
605,589
90,266
11,753,606
137,036
60,795
142,738
461,387
16,598,923
90,282
51,325
1,447,739
430,561
5,000
1,754,705
1,609,398
3,335
194,304
173,677
3,309,381
14,903,032
41,774
10,100
406,439
3,643
996,429
489
53,533
521,181
169,842
491,280
2,258,874
906,665
1,035,906
19,040,924
6,444
1,653,791
3,204,091
249,975
119
1,737
96,542
21,031
612
7,172,480
136
13,594,984
1,387,101
75,738,386
548
18,060
770,374
1,647
4,078
510,663
60,410
1,000
36,337,765
6,245,189
28
358
21,047,028
45,517,937
5,890
685
214,805
954
95,744
224,956
54,148
107,038
27,544,231
1,075
t
1,304
104,015
2,892,266
17,540
6,129
4,809,046
9,187,924
1,210
33,433,108
595,999
82,620
10,301,935
72,176
70,824
1 1,169,752 2
15,925,044
107,203
54,497
1,137,157
135,300
10,000
1,627,568
1,247,517
1,120
2,240
102,315
122,574
3,511,302
13,655,381
51,725
2,470
343,124
7,275
1,138,912
3
735,514
83,583
493,648
2,448,738
624,335
1,102,100
15,097^69
4,837
2,179,930
2,730,438
192, 53a
Arsenic
U
Asbestos
it
Asbestic
(I
Barytes
11
Bricks, common. . .
NO.
Bricks, pressed . . .
it
Bricks, paving. . . .
tt
Bricks, other
M
Cement, Portland.
bbl.
Chromite
ton.
Coal
. ton .
Cobalt and nickel oxides Ib.
Cobalt material, mixed
cobalt and nickel oxides
Copper lh.
Corundum
ton.
Felspar
a
Fire clay and fire clay
products $
Fire-proofing and archi
tectural terra-cotta ... "
Gold oz.
Graphite
ton.
Grindstones
Gvpsum .
tt
Iron ore (exports).
Kaolin
a
Lead
Ib.
Lime
bush.
Manganese
. . . ton.
Magnesite
M
Mica
.$
Mineral water
it
Natural gas
. . .m. cu. ft.
Nickel
Ib.
Ochres
ton.
Peat
u
Petroleum
bbl.
Phosphate
ton.
Pig iron from Can.
Platinum, crude . . .
ore.. "
oz .
Pottery
$
Pyrites
ton.
Quartz . .
a
Salt
(i
Sand and gravel . . .
$
Sand lime-brick. . .
NO.
Sewer pipes
$
Silver
oz.
Slate
. squares .
Granite
$
Limestone
a
Marble
For notes see foot of table on page 240.
240
PRODUCTION.
53. Mineral Production of Canada in the Calendar Years 1913 and 1914 concluded.
Minerals.
1913.
1914. 1
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Sandstone $
12,250
620
7,889
$
396,782
45,980
338,552
12,138
186,827
10,808
650
13,140
$
490,584
40,418
3
13,000
310,000
Talc ton .
Tiles, drain $
Tripolite ton .
Zinc ore "
Total
145,634,812
I
128,475,499
Subject to revision. Includes value of drain tiles and pottery, etc. -""Included with value of
fire clay, etc.
54. Value of Mineral Production in Canada, 1886-1914.
Calendar
Year.
Total
Value
Value
per
capita
Calendar
Year.
Total
Value.
Value
per
capita
Calendar
Year.
Total Value
Value pe - r
capita
1886..
$
10,221,255
10,321,331
12,518,894
14,013,113
16,763,353
18,976,616
16,623,415
20,035,082
19,931,158
20.505.917
$ cts.
2.23
2.23
2.67
2.96
3.50
3.92
3.39
4.04
3.98
4.05
1896. . . .
1897 ....
1898....
1899....
1900....
1901 ....
1902....
1903....
1904....
1905.
$
22,474,256
28,485,023
38,412,431
49,234,005
64,420,877
65,797,911
63,231,836
61,740,513
60,082,771
69.078.999
$ cts.
4.38
5.49
7.32
9.27
12.04
12.16
11.36
10.83
10.27
11.49
1906. . .
1907 ....
1908....
1909....
1910....
1911....
1912....
1913....
1914....
$ $ cts.
79,286,697 12.81
86,865,202 13.75
85,557,101 13.16
91,831,441 13.70
106,823,623 15.44
103,220,994 14.42
135,048,296 18.09
145,634,812 18.77
128,475,499 15.91
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895..
55. Value of Minerals produced in Canada by Provinces in the Calendar Years
1913 and 1914.
191
3.
191
*.
Provinces.
Value.
Per cent,
of total.
Value.
Per cent,
of total.
Nova Scotia
$
19,376,183
13.30
$
17,514,786
13.63
New Brunswick
1,102,613
0.76
1,034,706
0.81
Quebec
13,475,534
9.25
12,259,637
9.54
Ontario
59,167,749
40 63
52,147,973
40 59
Manitoba
2,214,496
1.52
2,428,902
1.89
Saskatchewan
881,142
0.60
710,840
0.55
Alberta
15,054,046
10.34
12,773,669
9.94
British Columbia
28,086,312
19.29
24,202,924
18 84
Yukon Territory
6,276,737
4.31
5,402,062
4.21
Total
145,634,812
100 00
128475499
100 00
Subject to revision.
241
MINERALS.
56. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years,
1862-1914.
1
Years.
Nova
Scotia.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Alberta.
British
Colum
bia.
Yukon.
Territory
Total.
1862-1866. . . .
1867
Ozs. fine.
86,713
25,763
Ozs. fine.
Ozs. fine.
Ozs. fine.
Ozs. fine.
796,234
120,012
Ozs. fine.
Ozs. fine.
882,947
145,775
1868
19,377
114,792
134,169
1869
16,855
__
85,865
102,720
1870
18,740
__..
1 __
64,675
83,415
1871.
18,139
87,048
105,187
1872
12,352
_
77,931
__
90,283
1873
11,180
^^
-p-
63,166
r
74,346
1874. . . .
8,623
_
_
_
89,233
.
97,856
1875
10,576
_
_
119,724
130,300
1876
11,300
86,429
97,729
1877
15,925
583
_
,
77,796
94,304
1878
11,864
868
^=
61,688
,
74,420
1879
12,980
1,160
_
_
62,407
_
76,547
1880
12,472
1,605
^ M
_
49,044
, .
63,121
1881
10,147
2,741
50,636
63,524
1882
13,307
827
46,154
60,288
1883
14,571
860
^_
38,422
53,853
1884
15,168
422
_
,
35,612
51,202
1885
20,945
103
_.
34,527]
55,575
1886. .
22,038
193
43,714 1
4,837
70,782
1887
20,009
78
327
102
33,558
3,386
57,460
1888
21,137
181
58
29,834
1,935
53,145
1889
24,673
58
.
967
28,489
8,466
62,653
1890.. .
22,978
65
_
193
23,918
8,466
55,620
1891....
21,841
87
97
266
20,792
1,935
45,018
1892
18,865
628
344
508
19,327
4,233
43,905
1893
18,436
759
708
466
18,360
8,514
47,243
1894
18,834
1,412
1,917
726
25,664
6,047
54,600
1895
21,919
62
3,015
2,419
61,289
12,094
100,798
1896. . . .
23 876
145
5,563
2,661
86,504
14,513
133,262
1897
27,195
44
9,157
2,419
131,805
120,937
291,557
1898. .
26,054
295
12,863
1,209
142,215
483 750
666 386
1899
29,876
238
20,394
726
203,295
774,000
1,028,529
1900. .
28 955
14,391
242
228,916
1 077 553
1 350 057
1901..
26,459
145
11,844
726
257,292
870,750
1 167 216
1902. . .
30 348
391
11 118
484
288,383
701 437
1 032 161
1903
25,533
180
9,076
48
284,108
592 594
911 539
1904. . . .
10 362
140
1 935
24
275,975
507 938
796 374
1905
13,707
191
4,402
121
285,529
381 001
684 951
242
PRODUCTION.
56. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years,
1862-1914 concluded.
Years.
Nova
Scotia.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Alberta.
British
Columbia
Yukon.
Territory
Total.
1906.
Ozs. fine.
12,223
13,675
11,842
10,193
7,928
7,781
4,385
2,174
2,711
Ozs. fine.
165
193
124
613
642
701
963
Ozs. fine.
3,202
3,212
3,212
1,569
3,089
2,062
86,523
219,801
268,305
Ozs. fine.
39
33
50
25
89
10
73
Ozs. fine.
269,886
236,216
286,858
250,320
261,386
238,496
251,815
297,459
250,454
Ozs. fine.
270,900
152,381
174,150
191,565
221,091
224,197
268,447
282,838
247,941
Ozs. fine.
556,415
405,517
476,112
453,865
493,707
473,159
611,885
802,973
770,374
1907
1908.
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914 1
Subject to revision.
57. Value of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years
1862-1914.
Years.
Nova
Scotia.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Alberta.
British
Columbia.
Yukon rp. i
m lotal.
Territory
1862-1866. .
1867. . . .
$
1,792,516
532,563
$
$
$
16,459,627
2,480,868
. $ $
18,252,143
3,013,431
1868
400,555
_
2,372,972
2,773,527
1869. . .
348,427
: :
_
1,774,978
2,123,405
1870
387,392
i =
1,336,956
1,724,348
1871.
374,972
1,799,440
2,174,412
1872. . . .
255,349
_.
1,610,972
1,866,321
1873.
231,122
_
=
1,305,749
1,536,871
1874
178,244
_
,
_
1,844,618
2,022,862
1875.
218,629
_
mmm _.
_^
2,474,904
2,693,533
1876
233,585
1,786,648
2,020,233
1877.
329,205
12,057
_
1,608,182
1,949,444
1878
245,253
17,937
.
_
1,275,204
1,538,394
1879
268,328
23,972
1,290,058
1,582,358
1880. . . .
257,823
33,174
_^
,
1,013,827
1,304,824
243
MINERALS.
57. Value of Gold Produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years, 1862-1914 concluded.
Years.
Nova
Scotia.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Alberta.
British
Columbia.
Yukon.
Territory
Total.
1881
$
209,755
275,090
301,207
313,554
432,971
455,564
413,631
436,939
510,029
474,990
451,503
389,965
381,095
389,338
453,119
493,568
562,165
538,590
617,604
598,553
546,963
627,357
527,806
214,209
283,353
252,676
282,686
244,799
210,711
163,891
160,854
90,638
44,935
56.042
$
56,661
17,093
17,787
8,720
2,120
3,981
1,604
3,740
1,207
1,350
1,800
12,987
15,696
29,196
1,281
3,000
900
6,089
4,916
3,000
8,073
3,712
2,900
3,940
3,412
3,990
2,565
12,672
13,270
14,491
19.907
$
6,760
2,000
7,118
14,637
39,624
62,320
115,000
189,294
265,889
421,591
297,495
244,837
229,828
188,036
40,000
91,000
66,193
66,399
66,389
32,425
63,849
42,625
1,788,596
4,543,690
5.546.356
$
2,100
1,200
20,000
4,000
5,500
10,506
9,640
15,000
50,000
55,000
50,000
25,000
15,000
5,000
15,000
10,000
1,000
500
2,500
800
675
1,037
525
1,850
207
1,509
$
1,046,737
954,085
794,252
736,165
713,738
903,651
693,709
616,731
588,923
494,436
429,811
399,525
379,535
530,530
1,266,954
1,788,206
2,724,657
2,939,852
4,202,473
4,732,105
5,318,703
5,961,409
5,873,036
5,704,908
5,902,402
5,579,039
4,883,020
5,929,880
5,174,579
5,403,318
4,930,145
5,205,485
6,149,207
5.177.343
$
1 100,000
70,000
40,000
175,000
175,000
40,000
87,500
176,000
125,000
250,000
300,000
2,500,000
10,000,000
16,000,000
22,275,000
18,000,000
14,500,000
12,250,000
10,500,000
7,876,000
5,600,000
3,150,000
3,600,000
3,960,000
4,570,362
4,634,574
5,549,296
5,846,780
5.125.396
$
1,313,153
1,246,268
1,113.246
1,058,439
1,148,829
1,463,196
1,187,804
1,098,610
1,295,159
1,149,776
930,614
907,601
976,603
1,128,688
2,083,674
2,754,774
6,027,016
13,775,420
21,261,584
27,908,153
24,128,503
21,336,667
18,843,590
16,462,517
14,159,195
11,502,120
8,382,780
9,842,105
9,382,230
10,205,835
9,781,077
12,648,794
16,598,923
15.925.044
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901....
1902
1903... .
1904
1905
1906
1907....
1908
1909
1910
1911..
1912
1913.. ..
1914i
58. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada during the Calendar
Years, 1887-1914.
Years
Oz.
Value.
Years.
Oz.
Value.
Years.
Oz.
Value.
1887..
355,083
$
347,271
1897..
5,558,456
$
3,323,395
1906.
8,473,379
$
5,659,455
1888..
437,232
410,998
1898..
4,452,333
2,593,929
1907..
12,779,799
8,348,659
1889..
383,318
358,785
1899..
3,411,644
2,032,658
1908..
22,106,233
11.686.239
1890..
400,687
419,118
1900..
4 ( 468,225
2,740,362
1909..
27,529,473 141178,504
1891..
414,523
409,549
1901..
5,539,192
3,265,354
1910..
32,869,264
17,580,455
1892..
310,651
272,130
1902. .
4,291,317
2,238,351
1911. .
32,559,044
17,355,272
1893..
330,128
1903..
3,198,581
1,709,642
1912..
31,955,560
19,440,165
1894..
847,697
534,049
1904. .
3,577,526
2,047,095
1913..
31,845,803
19,040,924
1895..
1,578,275
1,030,299
1905..
6,000,023
3,621,133
1914 ..
27,544,231
15,097,269
1896.. 3,205,343
2,149,503
i
^Subject to revision.
244
PRODUCTION.
59. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada by Provinces
during the Calendar Years, 1887-1914.
Years.
Ontario.
Quebec.
British
Columbia.
Yukon
Territory.
1887
Oz. $
190,495 186,304
208,064 195,580
181,609 169,986
158,715 166,016
225,633 222,926
41,581 36,425
8,689
5,000 2,990
85,000 49,521
202,000 120,352
161,650 99,140
151,400 89,250
145,000 75,632
17,777 9,502
206,875 118,376
2,451,356 1,479,442
5,401,766 3,607,894
9,982,363 6,521,178
19,398,545 10,254,847
24,822,099 12,784,126
30,366,366 16,241,755
30,540,754 16,279,443
22,214,025 17,772,352
29,411,261 16,987,377
24,215,926 13,272,992
Oz.
146,898
149,388
148,517
171,545
185,584
191,910
101,318
81,753
70,000
80,475
74,932
40,231
58,400
41,459
42,500
28,600
15,000
19,620
17,686
16,000
13,299
13,233
7,593
18,435
9,465
34,573
48,762
$
143,666
140,425
139,012
179,436
183,357
168,113
126,439
63,830
53,369
46,942
48,116
4,655
23,970
35,817
24,440
22,168
15,287
8,583
11,841
11,813
10,452
7,030
6,815
4,061
9,827
5,758
20,672
26,727
Oz.
17,690
79,780
53,192
70,427
3,306
77,160
746,379
1,496,522
3,135,343
5,472,971
4,292,401
2,939,413
3,958,175
5,151,333
3,917,917
2,996,204
3,222,481
3,439,417
2,990,262
2,745,448
2,631,389
2,649,141
2,407,887
1,887,147
2,651,002
3,312,343
3,212,111
17,301
74,993
49,787
73,666
3,266
67,592
195,000
470,219
976,930
2,102,561
3,272,289
2,500,753
1,751,302
2,427,548
3,036,711
2,043,586
1,601,471
1,843,935
2,075,757
1,997,226
1,793,519
1,391,058
1,364,387
1,287,883
1,005,924
1,612,737
1,980,483
1,760,590
Oz.
230,000
290,000
195,000
185,900
156,000
133,170
89,630
63,665
35,988
63,000
45,000
87,418
112,708
81,068
87,626
67,432
$
137,034
177,857
114,953
96,985
83,362
76,201
54,093
42,522
23,510
33,304
23,176
46,756
60,078
49,318
52,392
36,960
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897 ....
1898
1899 ....
1900 ....
1901 ....
1902 ....
1903 ....
1904 ....
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911 . . .
1912. . .
1913... .
1914 1 ....
1 Subject to revision.
60. Quantity and Value of Copper produced in Canada, by Provinces, during the
Calendar Years, 1886-1914.
Years.
Ontario.
Quebec.
British Columbia.
Total.
Lb.
$
Lb.
S
Lb.
$
Lb. $
1886...
165,000
18,150
3,340,000
367,400
-
3,505,000 385,550
1887...
322,524
36,284
2,937,900
330,514
-
3,260,424 366,798
1888...
nil.
nil.
5,562,864
927,107
-
-
5,562,864 927,107
1889...
1,466,752
201,678
5,315,000
730,813
6,781,752 932,491
1890...
1,303,065
205,233
4,710,606
741,920
-
6,013,671 947,153
1891...
4,127,697
531,234 5,401,704
695,469
-
-
9,529,401 1,226,703
1892...
2,203,795
254,538
4,883,480
564,042
-
7,087,275, 818,580
1893...
3,641,504
391,461
4,468,352
480,348
8,109,856 871,809
1894...
5,207,679
497,854
2,176,430
208,067
324,680
31,039
7,708,789: 736,960
1895...
4,576,337
492,414
2,242,462
241,288
952,840 102,526
7,771,639 836,228
1896...
3,167,256
344,598
2,407,200
261,903
3,818,556
615,459
9,393,012 1,021,960
1897...
5,500,652
621,023
2,474,970
279,424
5,325,180
501,213
13,300,802 1,501,660
245
MINERALS.
60. Quantity and Value of Copper produced in Canada, by Provinces, during the
Calendar Years, 1886-1914 concluded.
Years.
Ontario.
Quebec.
British Columbia.
Total.
Lb.
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914 5
Lb.
8,375,2231,007,5392,100,235252,658
5,723,324 1,007,877,1,632,560 287,494
6,740,0581,091,215 2,220,000 359,^418
Lb.
7,271,678
7,722,591
874,783
1,359,948
9,977,0801,615,289
8,695,8311,401,507 1,527,442 246,178 27,603,746 4,4,48,896
Lb.
17,747,136
15,078,475
18,937,138
37,827,019
7,408,202; 861,2781,640,000 190,666129,636,0573,445,4881 38,684,259
7,172,533 949,285 1,152,000 152,467 34,359,921 4,547,736
4,913,594! 630,070 760,000: 97,455
8,779,2591,368,6861,621, 243:252,752 37,692,251 1 5,876,222
10,638,231,2,050,838
14,104,33712,821,432
15,005,171il,981,883
1,981,169J381,93G
l,517,990 ! 303,65e
1,282,024 169,33C
15,746,6992,044,2371,088,212141,272
35,710,12814,579,110
42,990,4888,287,706
40,832,720:8,168,177
47,274,6146,244,031
35,658,95214,629.245
19,259,0162,453,213 877,347. 11 1,757 35,270,006j4,492,693 55,692,369
17,932,2632,219,2972,436,190301,50335,279,5584,366,108
22,250,601 13,635,971 3,282,210 536,34650,526,6568,256,561
25,885,929,3,952,522 3,455,887 527, 679 45,791, 579 6,991,916 76,976,925 3
28,948,211:3,937,535 4,201,497 571,488
41,221,628 5,606,966 75,738,386 4
42,684,454
41,383,722
48,092,753
55,609,888
56,455,047
63,561,809
52,493,863
55,648,011
77,833,127=
2,134,980
2,655,319
3,065,922
6,096,581
4,497,432
5,649,487
5,306,635
7,497,660
10,720,474
11,293,268
8,395,244
6,814,754
7,094,094i
6,886,998
12,718,548^
11,753,6063
10,301, 935 4
1 Includes 286,000 lb., valued at $36,431, produced in Nova Scotia and Yukon Territory, not given
separately.
* Includes 1,772,660 lb., valued at $289,670, product of Yukon Territory.
Includes 1,843,530 lb., valued at $281, 489, product of Yukon Territory.
Includes 1,367,050 lb., valued at $185,946, product of Yukon Territory.
6 Subject to revision.
61. Quantity and Value of Nickel produced in Canada during the Calendar Years,
1889-1914.
Years. Quantity.; Value. Years.
Quantity.
Value.
Years.
Quantity.
Value.
Lb. $
Lb.
$
Lb.
$
1889... 830,477 498,286
1898
5,517,690
1,820,838
1907
21,189,793
9,535,407
1890... 1,435,742 933,232 1899
5,744,000
2,067,840
1908
19,143,111
8,231,538
1891... 4,035,347 2,421,208
1900
7,080,227
3,327,707
1909
26,282,991
9,461,877
1892... 2,413,717 1,399,956
1601
9,189,047
4,594,523> ( 1910
37,271,033
11,181,310
1893... 3,982,982 ; 2,071,151
1902
10,693,410
5,025,903
1911
34,098,744
10,229,623
1894... 4,907,430 1,870,958
1903
12,505,510
5,002,204
1912
44,841,542
13,452,463
1895... 3,888,525 1,360,984
1904
10,547,883
4,219,153
1913
49,676,772
14,903,032
1896... 3,397,113 1,188,990
1905
18,876,315
7,550,526
1914 1
45,517,937
13,655,381
1897... 3,997,647 1,399,176
1906
21,490,955
8,948,834
Subject to revision.
62. Production of principal Minerals in Canada for the Calendar Years 1908-1914.
Years.
Lead.*
Iron
Ore.
Zinc
Ore.
1908.
Lb.
43,195,733
45,857,424
32,987,508
23,784,969
35,763,476
37,662,703
36,337,765
$
1,814,221
1,692,139
1,216,249
827,717
1,597,554
1,754,705
1,627,568
Tons.
238,082
268,043
259,418
210,344
215,883
216,614^
60,410
$
568,189
659,316
574,362
522,319
523,315
430,561*
135,300
$
3,215
242,696
120,003
101,072
215,149
186,827
310,000
Tons.
452
18,3713
5,063
2,590
6,415
7,889
13,140
1909 .
1910
1911
1912
1913 . .
1914i
1 Subject to revision. 2 gold for export. 3 Includes 7
,424 tons shipped in 1908. 4 All producad in
British Columbia.
246
PRODUCTION.
62. Production of principal Minerals in Canada for the Calendar Years
1908 -1914 conclude d .
PIG IKON.
Years.
Nova Scotia.
Quebec.
Ontario.
Totals.
Tons.
$
Tons.
$
Tons. $
Tons. $
1908....
352,642
3,554,540
6,709
171,383
271,484 4,385,271
630,835 8,111,194
1909....
345,380
3,453,800
4,770
125,623
407,012 6,002,441
757,162 9,581,864
1910....
350,287
4,203,444
3,237
85,255
447,273 6,956,923
800,797
11,245,622
1911.. ..
390,242
4,682,904
658
17,282
526,635 7,606,939
917,535 12,307,125
1912....
424,994
6,374,910
-
589,593i 8,176,089
1,014,587
14,550,999
1913....
480,068
7,201,020
648,899 9,338,992
1,128,967 16,540,012
1914i....
227,052
2,951,676
"
~
556,112 7,051,180
783,164
10,002,856
COAL.
Years.
^S/ * f\T 1 *~J
IJ \S\J \J A C*
S-
Qr. qlT-Cl f
od.bK.dt Alberta
chewan.
British
Columbia
tory.
Total
produc
tion.
Value.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
$
1908...
6,662,639
60,000
150,556;
1,685,661
2,333,708
3,847
10,886,311!
25,194,572
1909...
5,652,0891
49,029
192,125
1,994,741
2,606,127
7,364
10,501,475;
25,781,236
1910...
6,431,142
55,455
181,156
2,894,469
3,330,745
16,185
12,909,152
30,909,770
1911...
7,004,420!
55,781
206,779
1,511,036
2,542,532
2,840
11,323,388
26,467,648
1912...
7,783,888
44,780
225,342!
3,240,577
3,208,997!
9,245
14,512,829!
36,019,046
1913...
7,980,073!
70,311
212,897|
4,014,755
2,714,420
19,722
15,012,178
37,334,944
1914L.
7,338,790:104,055
232, 541 i
3,667,816
2,238,339
13,443
13,594,984
33,433,109
Years. Asbestos.
Asbestic.
Total.
Tons.
1908 66,548
$
2,555,361
2,284,587
2,555,974
2,922,062
3,117,572
3,830,909
2,892,266
Tons.
24,225
23,951
24,707
26,021
24,740
24,135
21.031
$
17,974
17,188
17,629
21,046
19,707
19,016
17.540
Tons.
90,773
87,300
102,315
127,414
136,301
161,086
117.573
$
2,573,335
2,301,775
2,573,603
2,943,108
3,137,279
3,849,925
2.909.806
1909 63,349
1910 77,508
1911 101,393
1912 111,561
1913 ! 136,951
1914i. 96.542
63. Production of Cement in Canada for the Calendar Years 1901-1914.
Years.
Natural rock cement.
Portland cement.
Total cement.
1901
bbl.
133,328
127,931
92,252
56,814
14,184
8,610
5,775
1,044
$
94,415
98,932
74,655
50,247
10,274
6,052
4,043
815
bbl.
317,066
594,594
627,741
910,358
1,346,548
2,139,164
2,436,093
2,665,289
4,067,709
4,753,975
5,692,915
7,132,732
8,658,805
7.172.480
$
565,615
1,028,618
1,150,592
1,287,992
1,913,740
3,164,807
3,777,328
3,709,063
5,345,802
6,412,215
7,644,537
9,106,556
11,019,418
9.187^924
bbl.
450,394
722,525
719,993
957,172
1,360,732
2,147,774
2,441,868
2,666,333
4,067,709
4,753,975
5,692,915
7,132,732
8,658,805
7.172.480
$
660,030
1,127,550
1,225,247
1,338,239
1,924,014
3,170,859
3,781,371
3,709,878
5,345,802
6,412,215
7,644,537
9,106,556
11,019,418
9.187.924
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914i.
1 Subject to revision.
247
MINERALS.
Smelter Production. Statistics as to the quantities of ores treated
at smelters in Canada, and the quantities of refined smelter products,
have been collected by the Dominion Mines Branch since 1908. In
1914 the total quantity of ores and concentrates treated in these smelters
was 2,649,935 short tons (including 58,894 tons of imported ore), as
compared with 3,037,391 tons in 1913. The largest proportion of the
total tonnage in 1914, about 61 p.c., consisted of the copper-gold-silver
ores of British Columbia, chiefly from the Boundary, Rossland and
Coast districts. The nickel-copper ores of the Sudbury district, Ontario,
contributed about 35.7 p.c. of the tonnage, the balance being lead ores
and other ores treated in lead furnaces and the silver- cobalt ores of
Ontario treated in silver smelters. Gold and silver ores treated by
cyanide processes are not included in this record. The products ob
tained in Canada from the treatment of these ores include pig lead
produced at Kingston, Ontario (furnace idle in 1914), refined pig lead
and lead pipe produced at Trail, B.C., and fine gold, fine silver, copper
sulphate and antimony produced from the residues of the Trail lead
refinery; silver bullion, white arsenic, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide
are produced in Ontario from the Cobalt district ores. In addition to
these refined products, blister copper, copper matte, nickel-copper
matte, cobalt material or mixed nickel and cobalt oxides are produced
and exported for refining. Table 64 shows the character and quantities
of the ores treated in Canadian smelters, and Table 65 the quantities
of the refined metals and other smelter products obtained for each of
the years 1909 to 1914. The figures do not represent the total pro
duction from smelting ores mined in Canada, since considerable quan
tities of copper and silver ores are shipped to smelters outside of Canada.
64. Character and Quantities of Ores treated in Canadian Smelters,
1909-1914.
Ores.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Nickel, Copper
Tons.
462,336
Tons.
628,947
Tons.
610,834
Tons.
725,065
Tons.
823,403
Tons.
947,053
Silver, Cobalt-Nickel,
Arsenic
8,384
9,466
9,330
8,097
6,124
5,661
Lead and other ores
treated in lead fur
naces
54,539
57,549
55,408
59,932
88,100
71,064
Copper, Gold, Silver . .
1,850,889
1,987,752
1,517,981
2,212,316
2,119,754
1,612,197
Totals
2,376,148
2,683,714
2,193,553
3,005,410
3,037,381
2,635,975
248
PRODUCTION.
65. Quantities of Refined Products and of Metals contained in Refined Smelter
Products Exported, 1909-1914.
Refine dProducts
and Metals in
Smelter Prod
ucts exported.
1909.
1910.
1911.
Refined
Products.
Metals in
matte
blister,
base bul
lion and
speiss.
Refined
Products.
Metals in
matte
blister,
base bul
lion and
speiss.
Refined
Products.
Metals in
matte
blister,
base bul
lion and
speiss.
Antimony.. Ib.
Gold oz.
61,207
18,241
14,242,545
41,883,614
51,405
2,258,087
200,129
4,845,920
3,973,810
53,328,583
27,041,957
1,321,083
1,074,516
13,298
16,373,799
32,987,508
163,228
13,508
3,033,467
197,181
2,136,414
56,149,299
37,587,676
15,270
19,078,768
23,525,050
197,187
154,174
4,194,209
175,189
585,896
29,855,868
34,098,744
Silver "
Lead Ib.
Copper .... "
Copper Sul
phate "
Nickel "
Cobalt "
Cobalt and
Nickel
Oxides... "
White
Arsenic . . "
Arsenic .... "
Gold oz.
1912.
1913.
1914.
12,188
17,877,944
35,893,190
87,110
349,054
4,090,768
184,815
686,171
58,405,910
44,841,542
-
11,977
13,789,709
37,923,043
139,533
928,383
3,384,249
213,279
934,601
59,245,722
49,676,772
11,088
11,096,861
36,443,706
152,060
1,287,101
3,474,322
170,818
873,400
59,237,016
45,517,937
1
Silver "
Lead Ib.
Copper .... "
Copper Sul
phate "
Nickel "
Nickel and
Cobalt
Oxides, etc. "
White
Arsenic . . "
Iron Blast Furnaces in Canada in 1914. Of 22 completed furnaces
11 were in blast in 1914 for varying periods of time. The total daily
capacity of the 22 furnaces is about 4,470 tons. The operating companies,
with numbers and capacities of furnaces, were as follows :
DOMINION IRON & STEEL Co., Sydney, C.B.: Six completed furnaces of 280
tons capacity each per day; one operated throughout 1914; one for 225 days and one
for 241 days; three furnaces idle throughout the year.
NOVA SCOTIA STEEL & COAL Co., LIMITED, New Glasgow, N.S.
at Sydney Mines, C.B., of 200 tons capacity; operated 128 days.
One furnace
249
MINERALS.
LONDONDERRY IRON & MINING Co., LIMITED, Londonderry, N.S.: One furnace
of 100 tons capacity; idle throughout the year.
CANADA IRON CORPORATION, LIMITED, Montreal, Que.: Two small furnaces
of seven and eight tons capacity, at Drummondville, Que.; one furnace of 24
tons daily capacity, at Radnor Forges, Que.; two furnaces of 125 tons and 250 tons
at Midland, Ont.; all idle throughout the year.
STANDARD IRON Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED, Deseronto, Ont.: One furnace at
Deseronto with a daily capacity of 112 tons, operated for 144 days during the
year 1914; one furnace of 84 tons at Parry Sound, idle throughout the year.
THE STEEL Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED, Hamilton, Ont. : Two furnaces, one of
200 tons capacity, operated for 184 days in 1914; a second furnace of 300 tons capa
city, operated 211 days in 1914.
ALGOMA STEEL Co., LIMITED, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.: Three furnaces at
Steelton, near Sault Ste. Marie, two of 250 tons capacity each, operated for 358 and
365 days respectively; and one of 450 tons capacity, operated 243 days.
THE ATIKOKAN IRON Co., LIMITED, Port Arthur, Ont.: One furnace of 100
tons capacity, idle throughout the year.
THE CANADIAN FURNACE Co., LIMITED, Port Colborne, Ont.: One furnace
of 300 tons capacity, operated 262 days in 1914.
Mines Departments of Provincial Governments. In addition to
the Mines Department of the Dominion Government, from whose
reports the foregoing tables and information have been compiled, there
are Departments of Mines of the provincial Governments of Nova
Scotia, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia.
Nova Scotia. In Nova Scotia the principal product is coal, and
according to the Report of the Provincial Department the quantity of
coal raised in the year ended September 30, 1914, was 7,005,464 long
tons, as compared with 7,203,913 tons in 1913. The production of
other minerals in 1914 was, in short tons, as follows, the corresponding
figures of 1913 being given within brackets : pig iron 281,428 (486,962);
steel ingots 341,818 (483,600); limestone 335,515 (547,004); coke 467,730
(728,037) ; gypsum 283,340 (271,609). The number of bricks made was
14,543,608, as against 19,658/988 in 1913, and tjie production of drain
pipe tile was 1,592,875 feet, as against 1,276,159 feet in 1913. The
production of gold was 3,158 oz., as against 2,365 oz. in 1913.
Quebec. The Annual Report of the Quebec Superintendent of
Mines shows that the value of the mineral production of the province
for the calendar year 1914 amounted to $11,732,783, as compared
with $13,119,811 in 1913, a decrease of $1,387,028, or 10.57 p.c. The
decrease is due principally to the disturbance of industrial conditions
caused by the war. The principal products are asbestos, copper and
sulphur ore, cement, marble, granite, lime, limestone and brick.
Ontario. The report of the Department of Lands, Forests and
Mines shows that the total value of the mining production of On
tario in the calendar year 1914 was $46,295,959, as compared with
$53,232,311 in 1913, a decrease of $6,936,352, or 13 p.c. Early in
1914 it became evident that a business depression had set in which would
curtail the output of many mineral products, notably pig iron and
materials of construction. But the outbreak of the war frightened
250
PRODUCTION.
capital, shut off demand, lowered price and consequently diminished
production in nearly every branch of the industry, gold mining being
almost the only exception. Of the total, $33,345,291 represents the
value of the metallic and $12,950,668 the value of the non-metallic
production. The principal metals are silver, nickel, cobalt, gold,
copper and pig iron. The quantity of silver produced was 25,217,994
oz. of the value of $12,795,214, as compared with 29,724,931 oz. of the
value of $16,579,094 in 1913. Nearly the whole of the silver produced
was from the Cobalt mines, the output of which since 1904 has been
210,660,655 oz., and the value $111,050,557. In 1914 the dividends
returned to shareholders of companies operating silver mines in the
Cobalt area amounted to about $6,306,243, raising the total since the
beginning of the camp in 1904 to $55,228,964. The production of gold
in 1914 was 268,942 oz. of the value of $5,529,767, as compared with
220,837 oz. of the value of $4,558,518, an increase in value of over 21
p.c. The producing gold mines were 12 in number, eight being in
Porcupine and four in other parts of the province. The dividends paid
or declared in 1914 by two of the gold mining companies amounted to
$1,410,000. Of nickel the production was 22,760 tons, valued (in the
matte) at $5,109,088, as compared with 24,838 tons, worth $5,237,477,
in 1913. There was an increase in the copper production, the output
being 14,453 tons, worth $2,081,332, as compared with 12,941 tons,
valued at $1,840,492, in 1913.
British Columbia. According to the Annual Report of the Pro
vincial Mineralogist the total mineral production for the calendar year
1914 was of the value of $26,388,825, as compared with $30,296,398
in 1913, a decrease of $3,907,573, or about 12 p. c. The principal mineral
products of British Columbia are gold, lead, copper and coal. Table
66, taken from this report, shows the quantity and value of the mineral
production of British Columbia for the three calendar years 1912-1914.
The first half of the year was exceedingly favourable, and it was ex
pected that the mineral production would exceed the record. This
expectation was shattered by the conditions brought about by the war.
66. Quantity and Value of Mineral Products in British Columbia for the Calendar
Years 1912-1914.
Products.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Gold, placer, oz.
" lode... "
Silver "
257,496
3,132,108
44,871,454
51,456,537
5,358,280
2,628,804
264,333
$
555,500
5,322,442
1,810,045
1,805^27
8,408,513
316,139
9,200,814
1,585,998
3,435,722
272,254
3,465,856
55,364,677
46,460,305
6,758,768
2,137,483
286,045
$
510,000
5,627,490
1,968,606
2,175,832
7,094,489
324,421
7,481,190
1,716,270
3,398,100
247,170
3,602,180
50,625,048
45,009,699
7,866,467
1,810,967
234,577
$
565,000
5,109,004
1,876,736
1,771,877
6,121,319
346,125
6,338,385
1,407,462
2,852,917
Lead Ib.
Copper .... "
Zinc "
Coal 1 ton
Coke 1 "
Miscellaneous
products
Total .
32.440.800
_
30.296.398
26.388.825
Long tons of 2240 Ib.
251
MANUFACTURES.
Manufactures. The census of manufactures taken in June, 1911,
for the calendar year 1910 denoted an extraordinary growth of the
country s industrial activity during the decade. Compared with the
census of 1901 for the year 1900 it showed an increase in the ten years
of 4,568 in the number of establishments, of $800,667,122 in the value
of capital, of 176,030 in the number of persons employed, of $127,759,066
in salaries and wages, and of $684,922,264 in the value of products.
Compared with the postal census of 1906 for the year 1905 it showed
an increase in five years of $400,998,586 in the value of capital, of
122,673 in the number of persons employed, of $75,908,405 in the earnings
of salaries and wages and of $447,623,036 in the value of products.
For the first time both the capital and products of Canadian manu
factures exceeded 1,000 million dollars in value.
Table 67 gives the principal statistics for the two census years
1900 and 1910, together with the total increase and the increase p.c.,
and Table 68 gives records for the years 1900, 1905, and 1910 by prov
inces, as taken in the years 1901, 1906 and 1911. Comparing the
returns for 1905 and 1910 the increase p.c. of capital in five years was
47.36, of employees on salaries 20.77, of salaries 42.49, of employees
on wages 32.32, of wages 46.77 and of products 62.31. No record
was taken of the value of raw materials for the year 1905. Comparing
the returns for 1900 and 1905 the increase p.c. of capital was 89.43,
of employees on salaries 18.91, of salaries 29.77, of employees on wages
15.41, of wages 50.02 and of products 49.32. Detailed statistics of
manufactures for 1910, by groups and kinds of industries, and the value
of products in cities and towns for the years 1890, 1900 and 1910, were
given in the Year Book of 1913, Tables 54 and 55, pp. 215-225.
67. Statistics of Manufactures of Canada, 1900 and 1910.
Items.
1900.
1910.
Increase.
Increase
p.c.
Establishments No .
Capital
Employees on salaries No . ,
Salaries $
Employees on wages No .
Wages $
Raw and partly manufactured
materials $
Products . $
14,650
19,218
4,568
$ 446,916,4871,247,583,609, 800,667,122
30,691
23,676,146
308,482
89,573,204
266,527,858
481,053,375
44,077 13,386
43,779,715 20,103,569
471,126 162,644
197,228,701 107,655,497
31.18
179.15
43.61
84.91
52.72
120.19
601,509,018 334,981,160 125.68
1,165,975,639, 684,922,264 142.38
252
PRODUCTION.
68. Statistics of Manufactures by Provinces, 1900, 1905 and 1910.
Provinces.
Estab
lish
ments
Capital.
Em
ployees.
Salaries
and wages.
Raw and
partly mfd.
materials.
Value of
products.
1900.
Canada
No.
14,650
334
1,188
919
4,845
6,543
324
105
392
$
446,916,487
2,081,766
34,586,416
20,741,170
142,403,407
214,972,275
7,539,691
1,689,870
22,901,892
No.
339,173
3,804
23,284
22,158
110,329
161,757
5,219
1,168
11,454
$
113,249,350
445,998
5,613,571
5,748,990
36,550,655
56,548,286
2,419,549
465,763
5,456,538
$
266,527,858
1,319,058
13,161,077
10,814,014
86,679,779
138,230,400
7,955,504
1,121,342
7,246,684
$
481,053,375
2,326,708
23,592,513
20,972,470
158,287,994
241,533,486
12,927,439
1,964,987
19,447,778
P. E. Island...
Nova Scotia. .
N. Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Alberta and
Saskatchewan
Br. Columbia
1905.
Canada
15,796
285
909
628
4,965
7,996
354
80
120
459
846,585,023
1,680,541
75,089,191
26,792,698
255,479,662
397,484,705
27,517,297
3,973,075
5,545,821
53,022,033
392,530
2,919
24,237
19,426
119,008
189,370
10,333
1,444
2,045
23,748
156,100,011
445,676
9,284,864
6,581,411
47,160,452
82,415,520
5,909,791
721,875
1,167,107
11,413,315
718,352,603
1,851,615
32,574,323
22,133,951
219,861,648
367,850,002
28,155,732
2,520,172
5,116,782
38,288,378
P.E. Island...
Nova Scotia. .
N. Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario. . . .
Manitoba. . . .
Saskatchewan
Alberta. . .
Br. Columbia.
1910.
Canada
19,218
442
1,480
1,158
6,584
8,001
439
173
290
651
1,247,583,609 515,203
2,013,365 3,762
79,596,341 28,795
36,125,012 24,755
326,946,925 158,207
595,394,608 238,817
47,941,540 17,325
7,019,951 3,250
29,518,346 6,980
123,027,521 33,312
241,008,416
531,017
10,628,955
8,314,212
69,432,967
117,645,784
10,912,866
1,936,284
4,365,661
17,240,670
601,509,018
1,816,804
26,058,315
18,516,096
184,374,053
297,580,125
30,499,829
2,747,266
9,998,777
29,917,753
1,165,975,639
3,136,470
52,706,184
35,422,302
350,901,656
579,810,225
53,673,609
6,332,132
18,788,825
65,204,236
P. E. Island...
Nova Scotia. .
N. Brunswick.
Quebec
Ontario. . . .
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
Br. Columbia.
253
VII.- TRADE AND COMMERCE.
Included in this section are tables showing the exports and im
ports of Canada in different categories and for varying periods. These
are followed by grain statistics and statistics relating to bounties, patents
and copyrights, trade marks, etc.
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF CANADA.
Aggregate External Trade. From Table 1, which shows the trade
of Canada for each of the fiscal years 1868 to 1914, it will be seen that
the aggregate external trade of the Dominion for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1914, attained the value of $1,129,744,725, as compared with
$1,085,264,449 in 1912-13. Thus the record of 1912-13, when for the
first time the value of Canada s external trade was over a billion (or
one thousand million) dollars, was exceeded by $44,480,276, an increase
during the year at the rate of 4.1 p.c. A noteworthy feature of this
increase is that it was due not to expansion of imports but to expansion
of exports. These increased during the year by $85,765,871, or in
the ratio of 21.8 p.c., whilst the value of the imports declined by
$41 ,285,595, or 5.9 p.c. The table shows also that the trade of the country
has increased to nearly three times the value of what it was at the close
of the nineteenth century (1900), the increase more exactly representing
196 p.c., while during the five years ended 1913-14 the increase was
from $693,211,221 (1909-10) to $1,129,744,725 (1913-14), or in the ratio
of about 63 p.c. The total trade of the Dominion with the United
Kingdom in 1913-14 reached the value of $355,144,510 and with the
United States $626,265,385, the balance of $148,334,830 representing
trade with countries other than these two.
Effects of the War. The outbreak of the great war involving the
British Empire as from August 4, 1914, had an immediate and profound
effect upon the world s trade, first by the total rupture of trading re
lations between the belligerent states and secondly by diversion of
trade into new and different channels. One of the consequences of the
war was the transfer to Canada in trust for Great Britain of gold from
the United States. In comparing, therefore, the value of Canadian
trade in 1914-15 with that of 1913-14, it is necessary to eliminate coin
and bullion, the imports of which in 1914-15, according to the Customs
returns, were of the value of $131,992,992, as compared with $15,235,305
in 1913-14. Exclusive, therefore, of coin and bullion, the aggregate
external trade of Canada for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1915, was
of the value of $958,894,411, as compared with $1,090,948,716 in 1913-14,
a decrease of $132,054,305, or 12.1 p.c. Of the total value, exports
amounted to $461,442,509 in 1914-15, as compared with $455,437,224 in
1913-14 and imports to $497,451,902, as compared with $635,511,492,
the increase in the exports being $6,005,285, or 1.3 p.c., and the decrease
in the imports being $138,059,590, or 21.7 p.c. In these comparisons
it is important to note that the values are affected by variation in prices
due to the war and, especially in the case of exports, to the rise in the
prices of grain and flour. The ratio of exports to imports for 1914-15,
excluding coin and bullion, is 92.7 p.c., as compared with 71.6 p.c. in
254
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
1913-14. An examination of the import and export returns by months
shows that a decline in the value of the former had set in before the
war. In fact, for every month during the fiscal year 1914-15, the im
ports were of less value than in the corresponding month of the previous
year, the largest falling off amounting to $18,649,996 in November and
the smallest to $2,627,135 in February. For seven out of the twelve
months the exports were less than in the corresponding months of the
previous year, the largest difference being $18,111,496 in December.
Each of the other five months shows an increase over the same month
of the previous year, the largest being $20,126,844 in March, 1915.
Trade of the Calendar Year 1914. For the calendar year 1914 the
total value of Canadian trade with other countries amounted to $938,-
862,810, exclusive of coin and bullion, as compared with $1,138,688,688
in 1913, a decrease of $119,825,878, or 17.5 p.c. Exports in 1914
amounted to $416,237,098, as compared with $460,519,246 in 1913,
and imports to $522,625,712, as compared with $678,169,442 in 1913.
Trade with the United Kingdom reached a total value of $283,284,831,
as compared with $364,955,428 in 1913. Exports to the United King
dom in 1914 were $184,222,774, as compared with $224,514,606, and
imports from the United Kingdom in 1914 were $99,062,057, as compared
with $140,440,822. Trade with the United States reached the total
value of $508,789,359, as compared with $623,383,390 in 1913. Exports
to the United States were $160,938,979, as compared with $179,502,031
in 1913, and imports from the United States were $347,850,380, as
compared with $443,881,359 in 1913.
1. Aggregate External Trade of Canada, fiscal years 1868-1915.
Years.
Total
Exports.
Total
Imports.
Aggregate
trade of
Canada.
Value per capita.
Ratio of
Exports
to
Imports
Exports. Imports.
Total
Trade.
1868.
$
57,567,888
60,474,781
73,573,490
74,173,618
82,639,663
89,789,922
89,351,928
77,886,979
80,966,435
75,875,393
79,323,667
71,491,255
87,911,458
98,290,823
102,137,203
98,085,804
91,406,496
89,238,361
73,459,644
70,415,165
74,814,339
96,192,971
111,430,527
128,011,281
128,213,582
123,070,283
93,210,346
99,327,962
93,081,787
81,964,427
86,489,747
105,330,840
119,419,500
132,254,022
116,397;043
108,941,486
131,027,532
130,889,946
148,387,829
170,266,589
194,070,190
217,801,203
217,565,510
200,957,262
174,176,781
175,203,355
172.405,454
153^455,682
174,401,205
203,621,663
221,556,703
230,339,826
207,803,539
198,179,847
$ cts. $cts.
17.07 21.78
17.72 20.63
21.29 21.66
21.08 27.31
22.88 30.96
24.48 34.89
23.36 33.52
20.04 31.66
20.50 23.60
18.90 24.75
19.44 22.82
17.24 19.77
20.85 20.52
22.67 24.29
23.30 27.24
22.13 29.84
20.39 25.96
19.67 24.01
lets.
38.85
38.35
42.95
48.39
53.74
59.37
56.88
51.70
44.10
43.65
42.26
37.01
41.37
46.96
50.54
51.97
46.35
43.68
p.c.
78.37
85.88
98.34
77.19
74.16
70.14
69.69
93.26
86.86
76.39
85.22
87.17
101.64
93.27
85.53
74.16
78.53
81.91
1869. . .
1870
1871. . ..
1872
1873
1874. . . .
1875.
1876. .
1877. . .
1878
1879. .
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
255
AGGREGATE EXTERNAL TRADE.
1. Aggregate External Trade of Canada, fiscal years 1868-1915. concluded.
Years.
Total
Exports.
Total
Imports.
Aggregate
trade of
Canada.
Value per capita.
Ratio of
Exports
to
Imports.
Exports.
Imports.
Total
Trade.
1886
$
85,251,314
89,515,811
90,203,000
89,189,167
96,749,149
98,417,296
113,963,375
118,564,352
117,524,949
113,638,803
121,013,852
137,950,253
164,152,683
158,896,905
191,894,723
196,487,632
211,640,286
225,849,724
213,521,235
203,316,872
256,586,630
205,277,197
280,006,606
261,512,159
301,358,529
297,196,365
315,317,250
393,232,057
478,997,928
490.808.877
1
104,424,561
112,892,236
110,894,630
115,224,931
121,858,241
119,967,638
127,406,068
129,074,268
123,474,940
110,781,682
118,011,508
119,218,609
140,323,053
162,764,308
189,622,513
190,415,525
212,270,158
241,214,961
259,211,803
266,834,417
294,286,015
259,786,007
370,786,525
309,756,608
391,852,692
472,247,540
559,320,544
692,032,392
650,746;797
629.444.894
$
189,675,875
202,408,047
201,097,630
204,414^98
218,607,390
218,384,934
241,369,443
247,638,620
240,999,889
224,420,485
239,025,360
257,168,862
304,475,736
321,661,213
381,517,236
386,903,157
423,910,444
467.064,685
472,733,038
470,151,289
550,872,645
465,063,204
650,793,131
571,268,767
693,211,221
769,443,905
874,637,794
1,085,264,449
1,129,744,725
1.120.253.771
$ cts.
18.59
19.31
19.25
18.83
20.20
20.32
23.31
, 24.02
23.58
22.57
23.79
26.83
31.57
30.21
36.05
36.37
38.26
39.81
36.66
33.93
41.58
32.57
43.14
39.06
43.57
41.52
42.23
50.69
59.32
60.33
$ cts.
22.77
24.35
23.67
24.33
25.45
24.76
26.06
26.15
24.78
22.01
23.20
23.18
26.99
30.95
35.63
35.24
38.37
42.52
44.50
44.53
47.69
41.22
57.12
46.27
56.65
65.97
74.91
89.19
80.59
77 . 36
$ cts.
41.36
43.66
42.92
43.16
45.65
45.08
49.37
50.17
48.36
44.58
46.99
50.01
58.56
61.16
71.68
71.61
76.63
82.33
81.16
78.46
89.27
73.79
100.26
85.33
100.22
107.49
117.14
139.88
139.91
137.69
p.c.
81.64
79.29
81.34
77.40
79.40
82.04
89.45
91.85
95.18
102.58
102.54
115.71
116.98
97.62
101.20
103.19
99.70
93.63
82.37
76.20
87.19
79.02
75.52
84.42
76.91
62.93
56.38
56.83
73.60
77.97
1887
1888
1889. . .
1890.
1891
1892
1893. .
1894
1895
1896. . . .
1897
1898
1899.
1900
1901. .
1902. . . .
1903
1904
1905. . .
1906.
1907 1 .
1908. . .
1909
1910.
1911.
1912. .
1913...
1914
1915. .
J Nine months only.
NOTE. The aggregate trade includes the exports and imports of coin and bullion. In 1915, the
imports of coin and bullion amounted to $131, 992,392, most of which was transferred from the United
States to Canada as a depositary for Great Britain (see paragraph on the effects of the war, page 253).
2. Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to Other Countries
of Merchandise the produce of Canada, 1868-1915.
Fiscal Years.
United
Kingdom.
United
States.
Other
countries.
Totals.
1868..
$
17,905 808
$
22,387 846
$
5 249 523
$
45 543 177
1869
20.486,389
23,640,188
5,196 727
49 323 304
1870
22,512 991
27,398 930
6 169 271
56 081 19?
256
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
2. Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to Other Countries
of Merchandise the produce of Canada, 1868-1915 concluded.
Fiscal Years.
United
United
Other
Totals.
Kingdom.
States.
countries.
i .
S
$
$
$
1871
21,733,556
26,715,690
6,732,110
55,181,356
1872
. . . . 25,223,785
29,984,440
7,735,802
62,944,027
1873
. . . . 31,402,234
33,421,725
8,421,647
73,245,606
1874
. . . . 35,769,190
30,380,556
7,777,002
73,926,748
1875
34,199,134
25,683,818
7,607,941
67,490,893
1876
34,379,005
27,451,150
8,031,694
69,861,849
1877
. . . . 35,491,671
22,160,666
8,212,543
65,864,880
1878
. ... 35,861,110
22,131,343
7,747,681
65,740,134
1879
. . . . 29,393,424
23,149,909
7,546,245
60,089,578
1880
35,208,031
26,762,705
8,125,455
70,096,191
1881
42,637,219
31,015,109
7,269,051
80,921,379
1882
. . . . 39,816,813
41,687,638
8,538,260
90,042,711
1883
. . . . 39,538,067
36,096,501
8,651,139
84,285,707
1884
. . . . 37,410,870
31,631,622
8,089,587
77,132,079
1885
36,479,051
32,618,593
7,085,874
76,183,518
1886
36,694,263
31,503,292
6,777,951
74,975,506
1887
. . . . 38,714,331
32,273,033
6,976,656
77,964,020
1888
. . . . 33,648,284
37,323,161
7,326,305
78,297,750
1889
. ... 33.504,281
36,449,288
7,248.235
77,201.804
1890
. . . . 41,499,149
33,291,207
7,545,158
82,335,514
i
1891
43,243,784
34,829,436
7,684,524
85,757,744
1892
54,949,055
31,317,857
9,417,341
95,684,253
1893
. . . . 58,409,606
33,813,802
9,783,082
102,006,490
1894..
. . . . 60,878,056
29,297.598
10,411,199
100,586,853
1895
57,903,564
32,303,773
9,321,014
99,528,351
1896...
62,717,941
34,460,428-
9,200,383
106,378,752
1897
. . . . 69,533,852
39,717,057
10,434,501
119,685,410
1898
. . . . 93,065,019
34,361,795
12,494,118
139,920,932
1899
. . . . 85,113,681
34,766,955
12,920,626
132,801,262
1900
96,562,875
52,534,977
14,412,938
163,510,790
1901...
92,857,525
67,983,673
16,590,188
177,431,386
1902
. . . . 109,347,345
66,567,784
20,104,634
196,019,763
1903
. ... 125,199,980
67,766,367
21,435,327
214,401,674
1904
. . . . 110,120,892
66,856,885
21,436,662
198,414,439
1905
. ... 97,114,867
70,426,765
23,313,314
190,854,946
1906
127,456,465
83,546,306
24,481.185
235,483,956
1907 (9 months)
. ... 98,691,186
62,257,299
19,596,821
180,545,306
1908
. ... 126,194,124
90,814,871
29,951,973
246,960,968
1909
. . . . 126,384,724
85,334,806
30,884,054
242,603,584
1910
139,482,945
104,199,675
35,564,931
279,247,551
1911
132,156,924
104,115,823
38,043,806
274,316,553
1912
. . . . 147,240,413
102,041,222
40,942,222
290,223,857
1913
. . . . 170,161,903
139,725,953
45,866,744-
355,754,600
1914
. . . . 215,253,969
163,372,825
52,961,645
431,588,439
1915
. . . . 186,668,599
173 320,798
49,430,106;
409.419,503
257
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
3. Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from Other
Countries of Merchandise entered for Home Consumption, 1868-1915, excluding
Coin and Bullion.
Fiscal Years.
United
Kingdom.
United
States.
Other
Countries.
i
Totals.
1868
$
37,617,325
$
22,660,132
$
6,812,702
$
67,090 159
1869
35,496,764
21,497,380
6,160,797
63,154 941
1870
37,537,095
21,697,237
7,667,742
66,902,074
1871
48,498,202
27,185,586
8,530,600
84,214 388
1872. . .
62,209,254
33 741 995
9 004 118
104 955 367
1873
67,996,945
45,189 110
11 323 074
124 509 129
1874
61,424,407
51,706 906
10,049 574
123 180 887
1875
60,009,084
48,930,358
8,469,126
117 408,568
1876
40,479,253
44,099 880
7,933,974
92,513,107
1877
39,331,621
49,376,008
5,418,765
94,126,394
1878
37,252,769
48,002,875
5,140,207
90,395.851
1879
30,967,778
42,170,306
5,564,435
78,702,519
1880
33,764,439
28,193 783
7,942,320
69 900.542
1881
42,885,142
36,338,701
11,264,486
90,488,329
1882
50,356,268
47,052,935
13,735,981
111,145,184
1883
51,679,762
55,147,243
15,034,491
121,861,496
1884
41,925,121
49,785,888
14,261,969
105,972,978
1885
40,031,448
45,576 510
14,147,817
99,755,775
1886
39,033,000
42,818,651
14,140,486
95,992,137
1887
44,741,356
44,795,908
15,569,946
105,107,210
1888
39,167,644
46,440,296
15,063,688
100,671,628
1889
42,251,189
50,029,419
16,817,588
109,098,196
1890
43,277,009
51,365,661
17,039,903
111,682,573
1891.
42,018,943
52,033,477
17,481,534
111,533,954
1892
41,063,711
51,742,132
22,354.570
115,160,413
1893
42,529,340
52,339,796
20,301,694
115,170,830
1894
37,035,963
50,746,091
21,288,857
109,070,911
1895..
31,059,332
50,179,004
19,437,555
100,675,891
1896..
32,824,505
53,529,390
19,007,266
105,361,161
1897
29,401,188
57,023,342
20,193,297
106,617,827
1898
32,043,461
74,824,923
19,438,778
126,307,162
1899
36,931,323
88,467,173
23,947,963
149,346,459
1900
44,279,983
102,080,177
26,146,718
172,506,878
1901.
42,819,995
107,149,325
27,731,374
177,700,694
1902
49,022,726
114,744,696
32,712,768
196,480,190
1903
58,793,038
128,790,237
37,230,444
224,813,719
1904
61,724,616
143,010,578
38,854,825
243,590,019
1905
60,342,704
152,431,626
38,842,789
251,617,119
1906
69,183,915
168,798,376
45,299,913
283,282,204
1907 (9 months)
64,415,415
148,598,061
36,724,398
249,737,874
1908
94,417,314
204,648,885 !
52,813,756
351,879,955
1909
70,682,101
170,056,178
47,479,236
288,217,515
1910..
95,336,427
217,502,415
56,976,585
369,815,427
1911
109,934,665
274,844,858 !
66,965,585
451,745,108
1912
116,906,212
330,428,502
74,113,595
521,448,309
1913
138,742,767
435,769,050
95,577,249
670,089,066
1914
132,070,362
395,565,328 j
90,821,454
618,457,144
1915.
90.083,178
296.632.812
68.655.381
455.371.371
258
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
4. Aggregate Trade of Canada by Countries during the fiscal year ended March 31,
1914, including Coin and Bullion.
Total
Countries. Total Exports. Imports.
Total Trade.
British Empire-
United Kingdom
$
222,322,766
4,705,822
405,109
96; 139
3,834,592
39,746
4,489,869
652,736
- 231,554
1,882,281
417,479
4,770,200
1,935,876
277,981
246,062,150
186,147
2.135,273
378,824
4,819,843
767,858
114,114
134,478
473,179
1.828,521
637,893
15,380
20,366
62,677
3,810,562
57,105
4,433,736
11,934
35,413
5,508,806
655,256
1,589,067
51,902
845,384
223,694
11,817
60,806
543,286
55,481
1,370,093
59,721
123.293
63,999
177,492
46,715
11,588
457,790
90,615
200,459,373
139,264
467,033
232,935,778
478,997.928
$
132,821,744
862,185
7,539
46,075
476,997
1,644,473
4,484,944
3,560,900
565,210
1,012,513
5,006,860
1,842,387
3,302,242
424,348
156,058,417
220,191
2,603,716
1,787,473
4,491,444
1,163,785
171,605
767,289
1.022,426
3,932,106
114,594
259,214
431,270
46,161
14,404,276
41,584
14,686,069
440,784
63,860
3,186,987
2,147,365
2,615,050
1,470,571
512,041
648,632
5,929
1,613
281,633
483,431
3,166.144
32 , 199
1,354,624
665,081
4,355,026
494,703
19,691
55,638
425,806,012
133,243
604,920
494.688,380
650,746,797
$
355,144,510
5,568.007
412,648
142,214
4,311,589
1,684,219
8,974,813
4,213,636
796,764
2,894,794
5,424.339
6,612,587
5,238,118
702,329
402,120,567
406,338
4,738,989
2,166,297
9,311,287
1,931,643
285,719
901,767
1,495,605
5,760,627
752.487
274^594
451,636
108,838
18,214,838
98,689
19.119,805
452,718
99,273
8,695,793
2,802,621
4,204,117
1,522,473
1,357,425
223,694
660,449
66,735
54 1, 899
337,114
1,853,524
3,225,865
155,492
1,418,623
842,573
4,401,741
506,291
477,481
146,253
626,265,385
272,507
1,071,953
727,624,158
1,129,744,725
Australia and Tasmania
Bermuda
British East and West Africa
British South Africa
British East Indies, all other
British West Indies
British Guiana
Straits Settlements
Hong Kong
India
Newfoundland and Labrador
New Zealand
Other British Possessions
Total British Empire
Foreign countries-
Alaska
Argentina
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
Brazil
Central American States
Chile
China
Cuba
Denmark
Danish West Indies
Dutch East Indies
Egypt and Soudan
France
French Africa
Germany
Greece
Hawaii . . . .
Holland
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Norway
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Porto Rico
Portugal
Russia in Europe
Santo Domingo
St. Pierre and Miquelon
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey in Asia
Turkey in Europe ... .
Uruguay
United States
Venezuela
Other Foreign countries
Total foreign countries . .
Total imports and exoorts .
259
EXPORTSOFCANADA.
5. Exports from Canada of Home and Foreign Produce by values, 1868-1915, with
Duties collected on Exports, 1868-1892.
Fiscal Years.
Merchandise.
Coin and
Bullion.
Total
Exports.
Duties
collected
on
Exports.
Home.
Foreign.
1868
$
45,543,177
49,323,304
56,081,192
55 181 356
s
4,196,821
3,855,801
6,527,622
9,853,244
12.798,182
9,405,910
10.614,096
7, 137,319
7.234,961
.7,111,108
11,164,878
8,355,644
13,240,006
13,375,117
7,628.453
9,751.773
9,389,106
8,079,646
7,438,079
8,549,333
8,803,394
6,938,455
9,051 ,781
8,798,631
13,121,791
8,941.856
11,833,805
6,485,043
6,606,738
10,825,163
14,980,883
17,520,088
14,265,254
17,077,757
13,951,101
10,828,087
12,641,239
10,617,115
11,173,846
11,541,927
16.407,984
17,318,782
19,516,442
15.683,657
17,492,294
21,313,755
23,848,785
52,023,673
$
4,866,168
4,218,208
8,002,278
6,690,350
4,010,398
3.845,987
1,995,835
1,039,837
1,240,037
733,739
168,989
704,586
1,771,755
971,005
371,093
631,600
2.184,292
2,026,980
56,531
5,569
17,534
1,978,256
2,439,782
946,927
1,809,118
4,133,698
1,839,380
4,325,319
4,699,309
3,492,550
4,623,138
4,016,025
8,657,168
1,978,489
1,669,422
619,963
2,465,557
1,844,811
9,928,828
13,189,964
16,637,654
1,589,793
2,594,536
7,196,155
7,601,099
16,163,702
23,560,704
29 3(>6,368
$
54,606,166
57,397,313
70,611,092
71,724,950
79,752,607
86,497,503
86.536,679
75,668,049
78,336,847
73,709,727
77,074,001
69,149,808
85,107,952
95,267,501
98,042,257
94,669,080
88.705,477
86,290,144
82,470,116
85,518,922
87,118,678
86,118,515
93,827,077
95,503,302
110,615,162
115,082,044
114,260,038
110,338,713
117,684,799
134,003,123
159,524,953
154,337,375
186,433,212
196,487,632
211,640,286
225.849,724
213,521,235
203,316,872
256,586,630
205,277,197
280.006,606
261,512,159
301,358,529
297,196,365
315,317,250
393,232,057
478,997,928
490,808,877
$
17,986
14,403
37,912
36,066
24,809
20,152
14,565
7,243
4,500
4,103
4,161
4,272
8,896
. 8,141
8,810
9,756
8,515
12,305
20,726
31,397
21,772
42,207
93,674
64,803
108
.
1869
1870
1871
1872
62,944,027
73,245,606
73,926,748
67,490,893
69,861,849
65,864,880
65,740,134
60,089,578
70,096,191
80,921,379
90,042,711:
84,285,707 :
77,132,079
76,183,518
74,975,5061
77,964,020
78,297,750
77,201,804
82,335,514
85,757,744!
95 684,253
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
102,006,490
100,586,853
99,528,351
106,378,752
119,685,410
139,920,932
132,801,262
163,510,790
177,431,386
196,019,763
214,401,674
198,414,439
190,854,946
235,483,956
180,515,306
246,960,968
242,603,584
279,247,551
274,316,553
290,223,857
355,754,600
431,588,439
409,418,836
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905 .
1906
1907 (9 months)..
1908
1909
1910
1911.
1912
1913
1914
1915
NOTE. The home and total exports in this table
estimated "short " in the years 1868-1900.
are exclusive of exports to the United States
260
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
6. Imports into Canada entered for Consumption by values with Duties on Imports,
1868-1915.
Fiscal Years.
Merchandise.
Coin and
Bullion.
Total
Imports.
Duties
collected
on
Imports.
Dutiable.
Free.
1868 . .
$
43,655,696
41,069,342
45,127,422
60,094,362
68,276,157
71,198,176
76,232,530
78,138,511
60,238,297
60,916,770
59,773,039
55,426,836
54,182,967
71,620,725
85,757,433
91,588,339
80,010,498
73,269,618
70,658,819
78,120,679
69,645,824
74,475,139
77,106,286
74,536,036
69,160,737
69,873,571
62,779,182
58,557,655
67,239,759
66,220,765
74,625,088
89,433,172
104,346,795
105,969,756
118,657,496
136,796,065
148,909,576
150,928,787
173,046,109
152,065,529
218,160,047
175,014,160
227,264,346
282,723,812
335,304,060
441,606,885
410,258,744
279,717,254
$
23,434,463
22,085,599
21,774,652
24,120,026
36.679,210
53^310,953
46,948,357
39,270,057
32,274,810
33,209,624
30,622,812
23,275,683
15,717,575
18,867,604
25,387,751
30,273,157
25,962,480
26,486,157
25,333,318
26,986,531
31,025,804
34,623,057
34,576,287
36,997,918
45,999,676
45,297,259
46,291,729
42,118,236
38,121,402
40,397,062
51,682,074
59,913,287
68,160,083
71,730,938
77,822,694
88,017,654
94,680,443
100,688,332
110,236,095
97,672,345
133,719,908
113,203,355
142,551,081
169,021,296
186,144,249
228,482,181
208,198,400
175,654,117
$
4,895,147
4,247,229
4,335,529
2,733,094
2,753,749
3,005,465
4,223,282
2,210,089
2,220,111
2,174,089
803,726
1,639,089
1,881,807
1,123,275
1,503,743
1,275,523
2,207,666
2,954,244
3,610,557
532,218
2,175,472
575,251
1,083,011
1,811,170
1,818,530
6,534,200
4,023,072
4,576,620
5,226,319
4,676,194
4,390,844
4,705,134
8,297,438
3,537,294
6,311,405
8,976,797
7,874,313
10,308,435
7,078,603
7,517,008
6,548,661
9,988,442
6,017,589
10,206,210
26,033,881
5,427,979
15,235,305
131,992,992
$
71,985,306
67,402,170
71,237,603
86,947,482
107,709,116
127,514,594
127,404,169
119,618,657
94,733,218
96,300,483
91,199,577
80,341,608
71,782,349
91,611,604
112,648,927
123,137,019
108,180,644
102,710,019
99,602,694
105,639,428
102,847,100
109,673,447
112,765,584
113,345,124
116,978,943
121,705,030
113,093,983
105,252,511
110,587,480
111,294,021
130,698,006
154,051,593
180,804,316
181,237,988
202,791,595
233,790,516
251,464,332
261,925,554
290,360,807
257,254,882
358,428,616
298,205,957
375,833,016
461,951,318
547,482,190
675,517,045
633,692,449
587,364,363
$
8,801,446
8,284,507
9,425,028
11,807,590
13,020,684
12,997,578
14,407,318
15,354,139
12,828,614
12,544,348
12,791,532
12,935,269
14,129,953
18,492,645
21,700,028
23,162,553
20,156,448
19,121,254
19,427,398
22,438,309
22,187,869
23,742,317
23,921,234
23,416.264
20,550,476
21,161,711
19,379,822
17,887,269
20,219,037
19,891,997
22,157,788
25,734,229
28,889,110
29,106,980
32,425,532
37,110,355
40,954,349
42,024,340
46,671,101
40,290.172
58,331,074
48.059,792
61,024,239
73,312,368
87,576,037
115,063,688
107,180,578
79,183,489
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874.
1875
1876.
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891 ".
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907 (9 months)..
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
261
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries by classes of Merchandise the Produce of Canada in five-year
averages and for the fiscal years 1911-15.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.
Five year averages
and Fiscal Years.
United
Kingdom.
United
States.
Other
Countries.
Totals.
1868-1870 (3 years)
$
4,351,631
$
7,882,788
$
675,706
$
12,910,125
1871-1875
6,671,196
7,447,890
896,245
15,015,331
1876-1880
9,384,915
8,687,568
1,079,634
19,152,117
1881-1885
7,940,534
11,341,045
1,126,160
20,407,739
1886-1890
5,759,239
8,734,096
954,168
15,447,503
1891-1895
11,732,535
4,498,334
2,014,413
18,245,282
1896-1900
18,185,661
1,995,339
2,938,763
23,119,763
1901-1905
25,133,710
3,648,626
5,955,968
34,738,304
1906-1910
51,527,333
4,690,418
7,466,218
63,683,969
1911
61,393,720
10,385,705
10,821,859
82,601,284
1912
81,784,731
11,685,611
13,673,033
107,143,375
1913
106,537,156
27,215,879
16,392,626
150,145,661
1914
146,230,104
32,506,548
18,483;377
198,220,029
1915.
95.834,460
19.405.521
19.506.339
134,746,050
ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCE.
1868-1870 (3 years)
3,470,524
6,755,882
9,237,142
15,177,091
16,501,400
26,223,970
39,469,536
55,778,082
47,453,100
40,636,575
36,923,024
30,335,784
26,735,114
38,222,698
5,377,809
6,128,055
4,908,570
6,372,773
6,946,676
3,645,801
4,514,262
5,182,806
7,803,531
10,063,544
9,864,524
12,866,948
24,728,798
34,186,056
418,579
503,696
566,933
526,642
558,598
643,996
605,462
1,363,839
1,194,545
1,544,055
1,423,106
1,581,647
1,885,207
1,981,989
9,266,912
13,387,633
11,712,645
22,076,506
24,006,674
30,513,767
44,589,260
62,324,727
56,451,176
52,244,174
48,210,654
44,784.379
53,349,119
74,390,743
1871-1875
1876-1880
1881-1885
1886-1890
1891-1895 .
1896-1900
1901-1905
1906-1910
1911.
1912 .
1913
1914
1915
FISHERIES PRODUCE.
1868-1870 (3 years)
261,397
513,070
1,037,612
1,838,937
1,758,642
3,366,495
4,266,576
3,800,480
4,153,822
4,435,891
5,132,047
3,946,471
7,008,888
5,448,902
985,197
1,269,409
1,759,661
3,005,591
2,823,884
3,409,915
3,229,683
4,197,481
4,437,372
4,980,741
5,378,664
5,747,688
6,852,009
8,521,901
2,156,329
2,984,053
3.550,297
3,137,585
2,854,773
3,209,347
3,166,240
3,709,474
5,256,441
6,258,912
6,193,967
6,642,562
6,762,663
5,716,265
3,402,923
4,766,532
6,347,570
7,982,113
7,437,299
9.985,757
10,662,499
11,707,435
13,847,635
15,675,544
16,704,678
16,336,721
20,623,560
19,687,068
1871-1875
1876-1880
1881-1885
1886-1890
1891-1895
1896-1900
1901-1905
1906-1910
1911.
1912
1913.. .
1914
1915.
262
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries, by classes of Merchandise the Produce of Canada in five-year
averages and for the fiscal years 1911-15 con.
FOREST PRODUCE.
Five year averages and
Fiscal Years.
United
Kingdom.
United
States.
Other
Countries.
Totals.
1868-1870 (3 years)..
$
10,368,800
$
8 094,241
$
1,770,228
20 233 269
1871-1875
13 872 407
9 423 951
2 529 683
25 826 041
1876-1880 .
12 007 936
4 912 106
1 674 162
18 594 204
1881-1885
12,491,267
9,539 660
2,193 604
24 224 531
1886-1890
10,714,7,58.
9 962,383
1,731,722
22 408 863
1891-1895
10,574,531
12,577,298
1,482,227
24,634,056
1896-1900
14,544,194
12,205,380
1,776,656
28,526,230
1901-1905
14,747 317
15 506,453
2,714 811
32 968 581
1906-1910
11,400 778
25 442,049
3,888 204
40 731 031
1911
11,965,131
28 785 427
4 688 499
45 439 057
1912
10,950,840
25 483,532
4,458,302
40 892,674
1913
10,103,469
29,951,880
3,199,711
43 255,060
1914
10,647,123
29,304,546
2,840,468
42,792,137
1915.
9.914.548
31.030.873
1.705.262
42.650.683
MANUFACTURES.
1868-1870 (3 years)
1,167,472
829,903
360,405
2,357,780
1871-1875
1,221,958
1,238,702
486,204
2 946,864
1876-1880
1,956,514
1,036,740
871,601
3,864,855
1881-1885
1,320,117
1,330,968
682,305
3,333,390
1886-1890
1,511,085
1,723,732
813,488
4,048,305
1891-1895
2,677,734
3,011,203
1,609,628
7,298,565
1896-1900
4,683,367
3,516,510
2,899,465
11,099,342
1901-1905
6,662,550
6,984,218
5,584,337
19,231,105
1906-1910
6,875,522
11,436,443
8,209,673
26,521,638
1911...
6,973,820
16,524,005
11,785,293
35,283,118
1912
6,852,710
16,312,751
12,670,823
35,836,284
1913
7,158,746
21,321,458
15,212,504
43,692,708
1914
8,583,540
30,391,764
18,468,148
57,443,452
1915.
24.848.359
42.164.753
18.526.389
85.539,501
MINERAL PRODUCE.
1868-1870 (3 years). .
666,335
1,004,320
132,730
1,803,385
1871-1875
582,829
3,366,538
226,395
4,175,762
1876-1880
409,727
2,637,275
183,491
3,230,493
1881-1885
375,996
2,500,124
251,663
3,127,783
1886-1890
519,797
3,451,809
256,988
4,228,594
1891-1895
. . . 485,094
5,113,029
362,825
5,960,948
1896-1900
218,096
13,638,433
497,518
14,354,047
1901-1905
. . . 782,159
32,367,609
1,238,069
34,387,837
1906-1910
2,194,298
31,381,056
2,061,333
35,636,687
1911
6,726 015
33,129,505
2,932,041
42,787,561
1912
5,555,599
33,259,580
2,509,337
41.324,516
1913
12,066 622
42,541,751
2,834,173
57,442,546
1914
16,027,128
39,491,127
3,520,799
59,039,054
1915.
12,219.937
37,558,209
1,962.843
51,740,989
NOTE The statistics of this table arc exclusive of coin and bullion, and of exports to the United
States estimated short for the years 1868-1900.
263
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States and
to Other Countries, by classes of Merchandise the Produce of Canada in five-year
averages and for the fiscal years 1911-15 concluded.
MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCE.
Five year averages and
Fiscal Years.
United
Kingdom.
United
States.
Other
Countries.
Totals.
1868-1870 (3 years)
$
15,569
$
301 398
$
24 530
$
341,497
1871-1875
48 238
362 699
28 625
439 562
1876-1880
32,802
389 236
6 604
428 642
1881-1885
32,460
519 732
8,823
561,015
1886-1890
47,141
525,417
5,123
577,681
1891-1895
16,454
56 913
995
74 362
1896-1900
31,243
68 635
8 410
108,288
1901-1905
23,823
33,102
9,526
66,451
1906-1910
37,035
39,723
19,378
96,136
1911
25,772
246,896
13 147
285,815
1912
41,462
56,560
13,654
111,676
1913
13,655
80 349
3 307
97 311
1914
22,072
98 033
983
121,088
1915.
179.650
453.173
30.979
663.802
TOTAL MERCHANDISE THE PRODUCE OF CANADA.
1868-1870 (3 years)
20,301.729
24,475,655
5,538,507
50,315,891
1871-1875
29,665,580
29.237,246
7 654 900
66,557,726
1876-1880
34,066,648
24,331,155
7,932,723
66,330,526
1881-1885
39,176,404
34,609,893
7,926,782
81,713,079
1886-1890
36,812,062
34,167,996
7,174,861
78,154,919
1891-1895
55,076.813
32,312,493
9,323,432
96,712,738
1896-1900
81,398,674
39,168,242
11,892,513
132,459,429
1901-1905
106,928,122
67,920,295
20,576,025
195,424,442
1906-1910
123,641,889
85,230,591
28,095,793
236,968,273
1911
132,156,924
104,115,823
38,043,806
274,316.553
1912
147,240,413
102,041,222
40,942,222
290.223,857
1913
170,161,903
139,725,953
45,866,744
355,754,600
1914
215,253,969
163,372,825
52,961,645
431,588,439
1915.
186.668.599
173.320.798
49.429.439
409.418.836
8. Values of Domestic and Foreign Exports from Canada to All Countries by Classes
of Merchandise, 1905-1915.
Fiscal Canadian
Years. Produce.
Foreign
Produce.
Total.
Exports.
Canadian
Produce.
Foreign
Produce.
Total
Exports.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.
MANUFACTURES;
$
1905 29,994,150
$
4,146.259
6,153,398
7,274,792
9,478,996
10,746,719
11,913,947
7,457,829
8,311,111
8,810,034
8,595,689
35.604.014
$
34,140,409
60,215,735
43,131,408
75,548,935
82,743,926
102,347,694
90,059,113
115,454,486
158,955,695
206,815,718
170.350.064
$
21,191,333
24,561,112
19,087,988
28,507,124
28,957,050
31,494,916
35,283,118
35,836,284
43,692,708
57,443,452
85.539.501
$
3,451,701
3,089,166
2,407,013
4,562,344
3,997,139
4,458,445
5,149,408
6,672,701;
8,832,374
10,158,786
9.529.()->4
$
24,643,034
27,650,278
21,495,001
33,069,468
32,954,189
35,953,361
40,432,526
42,508,985
52,525,082
67,602,238
95.068. 525
1906 54,062,337
1907 (9 mos.) 35,856,616
1908 66,069,939
1909 71 997,207
1910 90,433,747
1911 82 601 284
1912 107,143,375
1913 150 145,661
1914 1 198,220,029
1915. 134.746.050
264
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
80 Values of Domestic and Foreign Exports from Canada to All Countries by Classes
of Merchandise, 1905-1915 concluded.
Fiscal
Years.
Canadian ; Foreign Total
Produce. Produce. Exports.
Canadian
Produce.
Foreign
Produce.
Total
Exports.
1905
ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCE.
MINERAL PRODUCE.
$
63,337,458
66.455,960
55,422,499
55,101,260
51.349,646
53,926,515
52,244,174
48,210,654
44,784,593
53,349,119
74,390,743
$
643.461
730,215
631,119
812,522
677,064
770,115
809,663
1,010,243
988,634
1,262,953
2,565,259
$
63,980,919
67,186.175
56,053,618
55,913,782
52,026,710
54.696,630
53,053,837
49,220,897
45,773,227
54,612,072
76,956,002
$
31,932,329
35,469,631
26,191,955
39.177,133
37,257,699
40,087,017
42,787,561
41,324,516
57,442,546
59,039,054
51,740,989
259,741
236,399
164,327
383,479
306,169
443,826
290,879
186,066
140,484
194,852
325,548
|
32,192,070
35,706,030
26,356,282
39,560,612
37,563,868
40,530,843
43,078,440
41,510,582
57,583,030
59,233,906
52,066,537
1906
1907(9mos.)
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1905
FISHERIES PRODUCE.
MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCE.
11,114.318
16,025,840
10,362,142
13,867,368
13,319,664
15,663,162
15,675,544
16,704,678
16,336.721
20,623,660
19,687,068
30,580
23,554
34,776
39,199
28,314
97,229
114.315
110,514
106,101
111,289
131,669
11,144,899
16,049,394
10,396,918
13,906,567
13,347,978
15,760,391
15,789,859
16,815,192
16,442,822
20,734,849
19,818,737
49,675
84,906
148,008
67,674
54,931
125,161
285,815
111,676
97,311
121,088
663,802
1,959,003
789,741
918,524
797,543
1,337,414
1,661,657
1,703,021
989,446
2,011,565
2,931,266
3,382,061
2,008,678
874.647
1,066,532
865,217
1,392,345
1,786,818
1,988,836
1,101,122
2,108.876
3,052,354
4,045,863
1906
1907 (9 mos.)
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1905
FOREST PRODUCE.
TOTAL CANADIAN AND FOREIGN
PRODUCE.
33,235,683
38,824,170
33,476,098
44,170,470
39,667,387
47,517,033
45,439,057
40.892,674
43,255,060
42,792,137
42,650,683
126,370
151,373
111,376
333,901
225,963
171,223
158,542
212,213
424,563
593,950
486,098
33,362,053
38,975,543
33,587,474
44,504,371
39,893,350
47,688,256
45,597,599
41,104,887
43,679,623
43,386,087
43,136,781
190,854,946
235,483,956
180,545,306
246,960,968
242,603,584
279,247,551
274.316,553
290,223,857
355,754,600
431,588,439
409,418,836
10,617.115
11,173,846
11,541,927
16,407,984
17,318,782
19,516,442
15,683,657
17,492,294
21,313,755
23,848,785
52,023,673
201,472,061
246,657,802
192,087,233
263,368,952
259,922,366
298,763,993
290,000,210
307,716,151
377,068,355
455,437,224
461,442,509
1906
1907 (9 mos.)
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
265
EXPORTS OF CANADA
9. Values of Exports from -Canada of Home Produce to the British Empire and to
Foreign Countries in the fiscal years 1910-1914.
Countries.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
British Empire total .
United Kingdom. . . .
Australia and Tas
mania
*
154,937,457
139,482,945
3,561,075
$
148,967,442
132,156,924
3,900,212
$
165,242,001
147,240,413
3,924,023
$
190,181,667
170,161,903
3,954,481
$
238,642,721
215,254,023
4,673,997
New Zealand
887,058
999,277
1,330,762
1,694,408
1,933,698
Bermuda
479,192
467,596
526,517
414,644
383,151
British Africa
2,349,159
2,329,260
2,488,145
3,465,892
3,927,384
British Guiana
584,631
614,070
576,365
627,244
649,675
British Honduras . . .
British India
4,418
) f
9,673
57,612
9,063
156,335
10,252
226,184
9,298
416,373
Straits Settlements.
East Indies, all other
British West Indies .
Fiji.
58,180j
3,055,574
97,602
67,955
6,611
3,991,490
115,388
131,647
19,675
3,967.748
125^615
228,606
7,243
3,915,172
144,898
230,455
39,496
4,469,329
118,441
Hong Kong.
508,551
513,372
564,729
774,954
1,879,261
Newfoundland
3,806,962
3,714,332
4,131,602
4,472,717
4,508,240
All other
62,110
23,670
49,362
83,069
149,900
Foreign countries -total
Alaska
124,310,094
125,349,111
439,064
124,981,856
335,887
165,572,933
345,140
192,946,937
134,238
Argentina
2,867,785
3,021,537
2,975,908
2,251,855
2,134,522
Austria-Hungary. . .
Belgium
60,466
1,840,156
152,463
1,908,357
55,662
2,851,044
154,165
4,241,568
368,425
4,269,394
Brazil
823,402
1,032,829
760,910
974,462
767,858
Central Am. States.
Chile
100,565
242,717
102,446
232,502
126,439
175,253
103,480
136,107
113,482
134,457
China
1,249,189
525,477
413,889
740,690
473,074
Denmark
435,053
443,035
605,609
785,606
637,286
Dutch East Indies. .
Egypt and Soudan . .
France
2,370
27,497
2,601,097
2,551
14,044
2,535,304
7,001
5,904
2,048,768
11,578
35,947
2,357,154
20,366
62,677
3,632,444
French Africa
17,796
29,921
223,521
65,409
57,105
Germany
2,065,768
2,028,649
3,577,847
3,049,105
4,044,019
Greece
1,424
4,921
8,644
65,658
11,934
Hawaii
79,190
142,677
133,147
76,498
29,672
Holland
1,376,807
1,008,049
1,434,379
2,380,983
3,985,987
Italy
345,984
374,470
282,225
328,148
514,660
Japan
659,118
616,230
486,441
1,137,867
1,587,467
Mexico
895,934
1,267,568
494,723
218,371
51,747
Norway. . .
487,147
412,915
618,738
673,304
845,331
Peru
15,737
34,466
12,825
11,120
11,817
Philippines
169,037
58,305
22,431
75,404
60,806
Portugal
59,731
88,088
70,390
49,142
55,481
Russia in Europe . . .
St. Pierre
598,435
133,602
1,175,444
142,687
1,241,438
138,035
2,145,211
155,927
1,368,939
114,827
Spain
51,942
27,580
114,546
48,628
63,995
Sweden
111,672
108,623
129,309
121,582
177,313
266
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
9. L Values of Exports from Canada of Home Produce to the British Empire and to
Foreign Countries in the fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Countries.
1910.
1911. 1912.
1913.
1914.
Foreign Countries-con .
Switzerland
$& ft
*iP sP
6,185 17,545 16,329
3,296 7,449
104,199,675 104,115,823 102,041,222
105,856 77,010 191,642
14,026 32,995 22,982
1,667,399 1,761,882 2,024,617
16,315 16,854 11,489
526,719 504,005 689,424
23,228 31,335 29,254
36,709 53,769 39,284
391,065 800,242 564,700
$
7,599
8,453
139,725,953
160,636
65,892
1,496,857
17,870
609,375
53,050
67,083
620,056
$
21,439
11,588
163,373,840
90,615
139,264
1,815,414
15^07
542,962
59,721
60,934
1,086,630
Turkey in Asia
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
West Indies Cuba.
Danish W, Indies .
Porto Rico
San Domingo
Other West Indies
Ail other. .
10. Values of Imports into Canada of Merchandise entered for Consumption from
the British Empire and from Foreign Countries in the five fiscal years 1910-1914;
also of Coin and Bullion.
Countries.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
British Empire total..
United Kingdom
Australia and Tas
mania
$
111,782,072
95,336,427
423,017
775,365
1,041,565
2,980,238
18,523
3,526,184
5,777,698
185,853
243,231
1,467,619
6,352
258,033,355
2,181,554
1,394.768
3,239 .888
660,509
134,191
166,695
$
129,467,559
109,934,665
511,350
907,104
9,025
704,860
3,392,116
85
f 2,779,256
\ 222,173
{ 1,369,016
6,867,295
355,243
591,328
1,817,485
6,558
322,277,549
140,116
2,304,932
1,319,129
3,614,354
925,331
105,011
418,967
$
137,982,614
116,906,212
431,701
1,331,341
8,987
384,544
5,325,727
114
2,836,205
425,465
1,745,887
5,747,077
192,984
788,474
1,841,887
16,009
383,465,695
61,372
3,007,569
1,538,521
3,686,419
1,097,980
174,514
1,305,655
$
162,541,284
138,742,767
443,381
3,066,699
34,724
272,199
3,550,765
296,122
4,653,244
519,624
1,725,588
5,982,406
271,919
894,550
2,056,174
31,122
507,547,782
46,577
4,166,895
1,700,429
4,020,178
1,295,521
182,497
625,021
$
154,526,802
132,070,362
713,111
3,192,900
7,539
522,916
3,179,112
155,396
5,006,309
565,843
1,646,835
4,347,310
240,719
1,010,021
1,840,523
27,906
463,930,342
66,470
2,603,128
1,773,021
4,490,476
1,163,785
163,483
767,289
New Zealand
Bermuda
British Africa
British Guiana
British Honduras. . .
British India
Straits Settlements.
East Indies all other
British West Indies.
Fiji.
Hong Kong. .
Newfoundland . . .
All other
Foreign Countries-total
Alaska
Argentina
Austria-Hungary . . .
Belgium
Brazil
Central Am. States.
Chile..
267
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
10. Values of Imports into Canada of Merchandise entered for Consumption from
the British Empire and from Foreign Countries in the five fiscal years 1910-1914;
also of Coin and Bullion concluded.
Countries.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Foreign Countries-con.
China
$
799,708
$
683,092
$
597,947
$
752,768
$
913,262
Denmark
85,830
88,807
48,364
117,078
112,629
Dutch East Indies. .
Egypt and Soudan . .
France
901,688
43,722
10,109,544
1,464,319
33,066
11,563,677
1,825,578
44,092
11,744,664
3,209,394
51,640
15,375,848
976,090
49,064
14,276,535
French Africa
4,437
3,828
9,180
5,429
41,505
Germany
7,935,230
10,047,340
11,089,998
14,214,547
14 586,223
Greece
389,880
456,367
552,265
545,595
445,036
Hawaii
16,097
25,599
30,314
44,689
61,365
Holland
2,009,990
1,820,578
2,423,902
3,109,554
3,015,456
Italy. .
893,398
962,148
1,146,822
1,713,585
2,090,387
Japan
2,179,936
2,422,346
2,511,875
3,503,533
2,604,216
Mexico
558,515
495,219
1,009,557
3,104,072
1,471,182
Norway
172,642
427,857
316,759
488,139
486,379
Peru
41,580
67,639
167,136
314,686
748,546
Philippines
35,790
37,004
70,846
23,640
5,715
Portugal
140,522
186,380
259,542
343,249
277,381
Russia in Europe . . .
St. Pierre
345,297
7,012
263,120
3,782
335,782
11,909
924,223
4,068
482,809
6,068
Spain
1,019,775
1,154,747
1,273,211
1,258,970
1,352,133
Sweden
208,147
278,715
329,734
472,378
603,401
Switzerland
2,603,858
3,102,910
3,458,006
4,296,702
4,314,805
Turkey in Asia.
455,188
553,770
461,492
521,509
479,269
/
United States
217,502,415
274,844,858
330,428,502
435,769,050
395,565,328
Uruguay. . .
78,139
6 300
314 511
160 642
55 726
Venezuela
53,885
90,839
148,002
202,750
133,243
West Indies Cuba .
Danish W. Indies.
Porto Rico. . . .
584,020
74,414
44,417
1,281,637
144,184
204
1,488,800
76,579
833
2,549,673
240,687
99
3,952,887
259,368
1,613
San Domingo
845.228
733,094
1,176,567
1,803,963
2,942,333
Other West Indies
All other
10^87
104,659
9,449
196,834
1,022
239,874
138
388,366
473
592,263
Coin and Bullion ....
6,017,589
10,206,210
26,033,881
5,427,979
15,235,305
268
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
11. Value of Merchandise imported into and exported from Canada through the
United States during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1913-1914.
Countries whence imported and
to which exported.
Merchandise imported
through United States.
1913.
1914.
Merchandise exported
through United States.
1913.
1914.
United Kingdom 9,104,260 7,472,044
Australia and Tasmania 7,466 138,464
British Africa 262,493 419,011
British India ; 1,930,402 1,458.267
British East Indies ! 1,761,408 959,832
British Guiana i 1,273,774 1,318,449
British West Indies 663,185 142,015
New Zealand 224,606 39,620
Other British Possessions 108,145 101,478
Total British Empire 15,335,739 12,049,180
Argentina 2,871,692 1,303,744
Austria-Hungary 260,243 219,136
Belgium 216,402 249,807
Brazil 460,747 451,890
Central American States 99.378 22,676
Chile
China 87,171 87,323
Cuba 1,792,498 1,684,072
Denmark 58,378 28,296
Danish West Indies 159,155 18,886
Dutch East Indies 21,733 51,601
Dutch Guiana 40,920 164,451
French West Indies 548
Egypt and Soudan 8,696 9,031
France 855,778 687,905
French Africa Ill 31,728
Germany i 2,939,446 2,425,897
Greece i 52,278 62,722
Hayti
Holland 221,819 405,718
Italy 574,919 349,156
Japan 96,043 42,023
Mexico 81,141 244,993
Norway 30,036 27,330
Panama
Peru
Philippines 11,213
Porto Rico 1,561
Portugal 37,258 17,988
Rumania 102 270
Russia in Europe 162,817 95,171
San Domingo 1,045,172 1,651,025
Spam 91,161 92,038
Sweden 62,067 49,149
Switzerland 64,333 49,126
Turkey 197,065 78,347
U. S. of Colombia 79,080 68,686
Uruguay 23,057 11,415
Venezuela 121,507 44,753
Other Countries 101.321 21,174
Total Foreign Countries 12,925,285 10,749,088
Grand Total 28,261,024 22,798,268
$
72,301,342
1,299,068
208,402
196,030
5,555
57,519
3,190,786
248,043
310,651
75,817,396
1,276,693
147,148
207,622
478,113
116,719
51,884
27,069
383,212
378,560
17,668
2,044
47,716
29,408
33,058
772,597
58,978
1,438,696
7,258
18,577
859,697
273,278
53,502
59,143
482,303
146,797
11,120
1,155
314,669
9,403
122,579
2,017,560
20,274
35,227
37J884
6,660
12,598
34,564
94,944
66,168
96,990
10,249,535
86,066,931
$
98,046,253
1,825,234
362,523
371,412
37,390
134,032
1,722,812
329,590
301,199
103,130,445
1,274,407
211,245
273,101
311,365
112,832
56,852
1,685
662,865
380,355
13,266
976
42,438
20,862
24,262
1,298,709
53,800
2,477,774
11,665
19,833
1,325,343
228,370
3,937
30,040
627,098
186,044
11,242
731
316,070
1,788
69,800
1,235,631
46,542
56,958
58,808
6,151
74,275
23,240
35,578
131,959
145,824
11,863,721
114,994,166
269
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF CANADA.
Ha. Values of total Exports and Imports entered for Home Consumption (including
Coin and Bullion) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1915.
Countries.
Total Exports.
i
Imports for
Consumption. 2
British Empire-
United Kingdom
$
211,758,863
%
90,085,840
Australia
5,551,686
412,205
Bermuda
368,263
23,923
British East and West Africa
100,765
23,516
British South Africa
4,645,589
314,887
British East Indies, all other
23,905
1,637,985
British West Indies
4,366,792
6,162,338
British Guiana
678,797
2,993,534
Straits Settlements
246,456
775,716
Hong Kong
655,093
1,248,575
India
415,680
4,133,847
Newfoundland and Labrador
4,481,176
1,245,160
New Zealand
2,623,855
3,908,616
Gibraltar
1,436,314
150
Other British Possessions
205,470
2,306,495
Total British Empire
237,558,704
115,272,787
Foreign countries-
Alaska
323,877
41,841
Argentina
639,469
3,364,787
Austria-Hungary
279,788
642,182
Belgium
3,259,359
1,875,963
Brazil
542,515
1,149,551
Central American States ...
72,817
118,017
Chile
55,347
190
China
339,039
1,042,383
Cuba
1,479,355
1,617,291
Denmark ,
717,238
44,344
Danish West Indies
16,253
115,469
Dutch East Indies . . .
25,927
197,742
Egypt and Soudan
26,484
30,482
France
14,595,705
8,449,186
French Africa . ... .
4,103
8,361
Germany
2,162,010
5,086,986
Greece
87,485
417,911
Hawaii
71,423
32,655
Holland
5,254,829
1,769,256
Italy
1,840,910
1,472,799
Japan
1,037,001
2,783,159
Mexico .
18,551
1,229,977
Norway . .
1,000,790
385,647
Panama . . .
129,036
Peru . .
13,141
1,494,046
Philippines
41,574
6,204
Porto Rico
468,698
Portugal
788,485
215,608
Russia in Europe
1,331,191
105,455
Santo Domingo .
3,938
3,193,796
St Pierre and Miquelon
155,332
4,244
Spain
489,680
977,448
Sweden . .
173,296
545,835
Switzerland
16,445
3,979,256
Turkey in Europe
5,961
323,227
TJrusuav
52,820
12,781
United States
215,409,326
428,617,233
Venezuela
56,196
209,626
Other Foreign countries
264,779
530,638
Total foreign countries
253,250,173
472,091,576
Total imoorts and exoorts
490,808,877
587,364,363
Includes coin and bullion amounting to $29,366,368.
$131,992,992.
Includes coin and bullion amounting to
270
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce.
Balsam
227,427
1,363,656
1,523,901
1,431,922
4
522,606
228
1,024,491
166,201
13,462
42,113
46,589,228
424
49,790,679
121,584
1,877,436
229,793
11,742
703
87,871
2,192
230,820
18,679
2,455
31,236
51,476,769
1,380
50
201
180,468
197
268,390
476,190
1,116,116
153
174,767
17,132
4,028,746
60,391
2,688
43,637,625
-
49,037,618
123,316
1,884,655
141
122,124
1,044
112,529
156,679
21,866
1,694
26,781
1,019,057
1,132
618
283
204,764
446
178,744
1,481,485
921,757
22
35,334
7,014,645
38,676
700
60,343,037
3,250
68,357,421
144,184
2,338,851
-
205,111
3,368
10,375
104,817
16,454
24,786
1,891
19,463
495,496
1,989
975
876
1,182
185,828
120
121,180
1,245,100
5,556,090
103,024
7.280
7,293^04
22,420
25,544
77,722,465
90,729,827
97,822
_
2,880,157
187,506
2,989
62,871
182,625
37,328
1,915
26,750
2,536,336
8,592
52
3,142
8
*
150,683
424,200
858,413
10,905,712
16,093
17,421
13,903.389
12,187
644
95,413
108,574,397
133,525,256
28,717
_
2,794,657
430
108,138
30
26,916
248,660
38,726
2,880
24,226
8,579,713
7,268
4,220
20
Cider gal.
Flax cwt
Fruits
Apples, dried Ib. .
Apples, green or ripe, bbl .
Berries, all kinds
Canned or preserved . . .
All other
Total fruits
Grain and products of-
Barley bush.
Beans "
Buckwheat "
Indian corn "
Oats "
Peas, whole "
Peas, split "
Rye "
Wheat "
Other grains "
Total grains "
Bran cwt.
Cereal foods. .
Flour of wheat bbl.
Indian meal "
Oatmeal "
Meal, all other "
Malt bush.
Total flour, meal and malt .
Hay ton.
Hemp cwt.
Hops Ib.
Maple sugar "
Maple syrup. gal.
Seeds
Clover bush
Flaxseed "
Grass "
All other seed
Total seeds
Straw ton
Tobacco leaf Ib.
Trees, shrubs and plants . . .
Vegetables
Canned or preserved
Potatoes bush.
All other
Total vegetables
All other agricultural
products
NOTE. The letters "n.e.s." signify "not elsewhere specified" and the letters
n.o.p." "not otherwise provided for.
271
EXPORTS OF CANADA
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I Agricultur l produce,tota!s
Balsam
c>
71,004,416
2,939
27,191
86,084
4,184,878
199,629
33,089
4,503,680
744,470
9
306,352
186
508,300
195,178
16,628
28,208
49,267,736
431
51,067,498
136,769
1,229.028
8,872,698
1,050,188
37,486
802
9,961,174
922,718
10,105
24,650
1,843
2,248
237,514
2,796,502
1,993
6,808
3,042,817
542
2,092
49,750
259
6,613
56,622
12,500
S
61,393,720
2,269
26,556
1,694
16,013
1,598,359
3
200,034
35,993
1,850,402
576,902
205
87,753
10,279
1,540,119
94,095
3,224
43,335,569
45,648,146
125,146
1,323,104
8,189,837
482
501,223
3,962
8,695,504
1,152,629
19,740
2,393
1,641
230,981
2.285,411
2,948
390
2,519,730
3,910
1,291
15,119
132
43
15,294
4,271
81,784,731
2,695
35,708
1,920
6,232
4,678,245
12
229,250
54,466
4,968,205
607,933
65
20,432
2,903,708
58,776
1,000
58,677,160
2,110
62.271,184
124,677
1,482,058
9,732,708
-
878,743
11,006
11,308
10,633,765
1;027,995
1,857
2,353
2,039
189,289
1,004,888
9,629
153
1,203,959
6,861
1,320
3,637
10,203
525
46
10,774
3,724
(Tfc
106,537,156
186
22,014
1,250
7,837
3,804,967
216,589
35,978
4,065,371
3,315,172
53,432
4,077
3,592,247
43,299
14,305
74,978,155
82,000,687
92,221
1,382,331
12,442,479
830,417
11,956
13,284,852
759,241
33,645
3,869
2,105
310,629
4,537,360
11,854
111
4,860,620
374
450
701
20,329
6
96
20,431
6,808
$
146,230,104
4,536
19,580
25,877
3,137,267
375,913
110,695
3,649,752
5,514,016
9,653
13,937
5,644,951
27,538
1,486
64,393
106,696,231
117,972,205
25,355
1,408,413
11,584,483
2,400
473,220
150
12,060,613
296,331
56,802
3,862
2,769
226,222
10,482,556
8,816
1.644
10,719^38
429
860
7,194
13
195
7,402
1,957
Cider
Flax
Fruits
Apples, dried
Apples, green or ripe
Berries, all kinds
Canned or preserved. .
All other
Total fruits
Grain and products of
Barlev
Beans
Buckwheat
Indian corn
Oats
Peas, whole
Peas, split
Rve
Wheat
Other grains
Total grains
Bran
Cereal foods
Flour of wheat
Indian meal
Oatmeal
Meal, al other
Malt
Total flour, meal and malt
Hay.
Hemp
Hops
Maple sugar
Maple syrup
Seeds
Clover
Flaxseed
Grass
All other
Total seeds
Straw
Tobacco leaf ... .
Trees, shrubs and plants. . .
Vegetables
Canned or preserved. . . . .
Potatoes
All other
Total vegetables
All other agricultural
products
272
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their produce
Animals, living-
Cattle, over one
year old NO.
140,424
584
1,828
45,509,550
828,140
3,238,704
197,851
1,685,833
7,786,953
2,595,357
179,937,468
33,465
42,226
957
1,390,788
96
167,730
490,404
113,795
197
430
55,971,989
482,371
3,782,939
96,931
53.
393,999
2,088,493
318
1,733,060
180,658,059
7,067
58,836
738
168,838
93,128
93
5,795
780,024
47,868
138
928
58,351,392
274,419
2,998,850
43,004
11,026
191,454
10,524,966
63
7,458,936
162,395,097
129,830
34,542
165
181,558
155,088
1,050
927,470
299,167
12,069
74
35,963,906
782,920
2,432,074
4,065
3,258
244,732
2,581,026
681
153,886,884
51,295
26,791
40
34,500
30
3,086
890,037
697,390
9,778
34
500
23,620,861
190,787
1,664,787
54,784
279,922
955,290
171
138,349
142,138,799
512,750
1,140
36,046
51
1,485,576
448,957
Horses, over one
year old. . "
Sheep, overoneyear old"
Poultry and other n.e.s. . .
Total animals, living. .
Animal products-
Meats, viz.
Bacon Ib.
Beef "
Hams "
Pork "
Poultry, dressed and
undressed
Game, dressed and un
dressed
Tongues Ib.
Canned "
All other, n.e.s. . . "
Total meats
Other animal products
Bones cwt.
Butter Ib.
Cheese "
Eggs . . doz
Furs, dressed
Furs, undressed
Grease and grease
scraps Ib.
Glue stock
Hair
Hides and skins, other
than fur
Horns and hoofs
Honey Ib
Lard "
Milk and cream, con
densed "
Oil, Neat s foot and
other gal
Sausage casings
Sheep pelts
Tallow Ib.
Wool
All other
Total other animal
products
273
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their produce
Totals
$
41,860,777
9,979,918
66,815
11,441
738
10,058,912
6,422,747
69,072
413,645
16,788
26,730
21
191,832
726,743
7,867,578
587,493
21,481,566
9,333
2,047
1,518,092
3,428
50
18,149
28,745
1,193
115
125,264
9
8,425
80,361
70,017
23,934,287
$
40,636,575
7,942,144
36,072
2,611
995
7,981,822
8,005,071
43,886
503,327
12,627
968
21
65
52,211
195,691
8,813,867
300
401,621
20,577,542
2,428
1,827
2,436^304
1,996
3,616
135,570
3,200
117
21,134
7,583
93
400
159,147
88,008
23,840,886
$
36,923,024
3,343,625
35,650
6,421
2,360
3,388,056
7,437,526
28,641
383,720
5,101
1,264
14
1,315
19,204
1,124,583
9,001,368
34
1,769,510
20,733,064
37,800
10,147
1,717,365
3,712
1,626
8,239
39,351
262
23
20,832
14,047
444
57,042
60,216
50,238
9,648
24,533,600
$
30,335,784
913,954
14,400
4,438
932,792
5,313,711
71,896
316,047
462
5,365
10
488
25,788
265,209
5,998,976
173
20,497,195
9,224
2,018
2,628,994
1,900
7,367
314
6
4,080
3
3,513
45,544
55,689
123,087
24,909
23,404,016
$
26,735,114
697,807
8,670
4,000
2,185
712,662
3,717,266
13,077
236,468
9,257
514
:
31,518
95,297
4,103,397
500
31,950
18,533,880
1,261
3,059,305
22,059
7,084
6,408
75
211
2,705
44
32,972
3,278
102,419
93,330
21,574
21,919,055
Animals, living
Cattle, over one year old.
Horses, over one year old.
Sheep, over one year old .
Poultry and other n.e.s. .
Total animals, living...
Animal products
Meats, viz.
Bacon
Beef
Hams
Pork
Poultry, dressed and
dressed
Game, dressed and un
dressed
Tongues
Canned
All other, n.e.s
Total meats
Other animal products-
Bones
Butter
Cheese
Eggs . .
Furs, dressed. . . .
Furs, undressed
Grease and grease
scraps
Glue stock
Hair
Hides and skins, other
than fur
Horns and hoofs
Honey
Lard
Milk and cream, con
densed
Oil, Neat s foot and
other
Sausage casings
Sheep pelts
Tallow..
Wool
All other
Total other animal pro
ducts
274
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911. 1912.
1913.
1914.
III. Fisheries produce.
Codfish, etc., fresh, . Ib.
Codfish, dry, salted, cwt.
Codfish, wet, salted and
pickled cwt.
36,268
273
73,091
2,826,622
43
24
489,890
20
29,767,131
1
54
3
13,983
284
24,820
6,040
1,033,446
82,718
1,147,024
587
945
6
5
2,009
2,965
165
38,611
7
3 ; 001
218
7,400
260
3,064,737
35
436,494
150
19,659,947
1
3,800
13
44,506
14,923
735,597
10,050
805,076
656
483
704
1,187
331
14,725
38,479
1,220
4
14
41,186
3,108,550
40
417,090
22,989,444
3
18,720
12
27,089
8,625
1,837,688
18,627
1,892,029
668
416
12
1,344
1,772
659
21,158
1,193
200
10,000
209
29,130
162
2,824,057
43
658,550
15,999,137
220
23,556
8,629
28,448
600,481
13,710
651,268
465
457
12
10
4,019
4,498
340
25,073
326,410
4
1,499
29,460
2,875,206
36
1,095,924
38,496
48,862,562
66
229,657
18
28,734
427,571
100,683
556,988
403
117
Total codfish
Halibut, fresh Ib.
Halibut, pickled. . . . bbl.
Herring, fresh Ib.
Herring, pickled. . . . bbl.
Herring, smoked. ... Ib.
Total herring
Lobsters, fresh bbl.
Lobsters, canned. . . Ib.
Total lobsters
Mackerel, pickled . . bbl.
Ovsters "
Salmon, fresh Ib.
Salmon, smoked. ... <k
Salmon, canned "
Salmon, pickled. . . . bbl.
Total salmon
Sea fish, other, fresh Ib.
Seafish,other,pickledbbl.
Sea fish, other, pre
served Ib.
Total sea fish, other. .
Fish bait and clams, bbl.
Fish, all other, fresh. . . .
Fish, all other,pickled bbl.
Fish oil, cod gal.
Fish oil, seal "
Fish oil, whale "
Fish oil, other "
Total fish oil... "
Furs or skins theproduce of
fish or marine animals . .
Other articles of the fish
eries
IV. Forest produce.
Ashes, pot and pearl, bbl.
Logs-
Elm M. ft.
Pine "
Spruce "
All other "
Total logs "
Lumber
Basswood M. ft.
Battens.
275
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
III. Fisheries produce totals
Codfish, etc., fresh
$
5,136,215
$
4,435,891
$
5,132,047
300
$
3,946,471
$
7,008,888
Codfish, dry salted
116,468
121,862
131,998
72,698
92 511
Codfish, wet salted and
pickled
42
5,490
3,205
Total codfish
116,468
121,904
137,788
75, 903
92,511
Halibut, fresh
240
10
18 802
Halibut, pickled
34
20
Herring, fresh
_
_
100
Herring, pickled
1,560
858
61
1 427
6 704
Herring, smoked
2,241
148
1,180
905
768
Total herring
3,801
1,006
1,241
2,432
7,472
Lobsters, fresh
7,818
3 150
Lobsters, canned
748,775
908,273
1,078,898
883,120
1 010 367
Total lobsters
748,775
916,091
1,078,898
886,270
1 010,367
Mackerel, pickled
500
Oysters
222
348
341
504
421
Salmon, fresh
45,218
57,390
46,806
58,934
127,356
Salmon, smoked
2
11
6,416
Salmon, canned
3,824,993
2,936,305
2,918,585
2,605,344
5,436,727
Salmon, pickled
15
10
47
4,400
1,063
Total salmon
3,870,228
2,993,716
2,965,438
2,668,678
5,571,562
Sea fish, other, fresh
9
Sea fish, other, pickled...
Sea fish, other, preserved.
Total sea fish, other. . .
Fish bait and clams
20
1,155
1,184
426
426
1,093
1,093
2,854
2,854
23,358
23,358
Fish, all other, fresh
67
_ 1 _ B
_
_
Fish, all other, pickled. . .
Fish oil, cod
891
6,339
53
14,703
156
11,331
3,652
9 531
Fish oil, seal
2,141
4,908
4,120
10 385
Fish oil, whale. . .
306,261
138 207
774,395
243 604
198 169
Fish oil, other
16,619
4,960
10,627
5,337
32 770
Total fish oil
331,360
162,778
800,473
262 978
240 470
Furs or skins, the produce
of fish or marine animals
Other articles of the fish
eries
59,599
3,120
237,493
1,836
52,000
94,495
13,302
33 540
42,029
1 764
IV. Forest produce totals
Ashes, pot and pearl
Logs-
Elm
11,033,074
24,511
15,330
11,965,131
30,229
10,877
10,950,840
28,998
5,940
10,103,469
21,617
9 515
10,647,123
17,965
31 211
Pine
117
138
270
Spruce
100
108
All other
23,777
15 812
21,362
64 510
76 525
Total logs
39,324
26,689
27,440
74 403
107 736
Lumber
Basswood
4,912
11,755
24,303
9 418
3 187
Battens
47,316
34,396
3,542
276
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Lumber con.
Deals, pine. . . .st. hund.
Deals, spruce and
other
23,873
144,852
8,134
20
77
3,594
72,507
42,330
399
19
380
11,226
2,096
23
586
4,400
17,498
1,245
37,454
772
46
1,443
678
14
368
19,421
n
Z
21,704
148,651
7,244
15,637
528
4,186
79,778
35,584
228
8,931
5,606
5,920
18,996
917
40,598
767
20
1,375
726
1,570
340
21,649
338
16,671
137,456
6,672
25,844
60
1,263
96,769
29,222
64
13,079
3,241
7,591
1,631
20,831
1,452
47,889
892
28
1,532
1,046
291
729
410
19,395
*
25
1
17,507
114,790
4,403
7,939
80
7,517
81,616
24,142
82
64
18,098
3,040
907
1,866
26,199
1,125
51,299
1,747
103
1,998
596
226
131
471
41,979
21
19,100
136,147
6,179
2,863
55
74,571
27,282
52
626
878
10
2,278
621
721
572
421
43,214
Deal ends
Laths M.
Palings "
Pickets "
Planks and boards M. ft.
Scantling
Shingles M.
Shooks, box and other. .
Staves and headings . . .
All other lumber, n.e.s.
Total lumber
Match blocks
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other
Sleepers and railroad
ties NO.
Timber, square-
Ash ton.
Birch "
Elm "
Maple "
Oak. "
Pine, red "
Pine, white
All other "
Total sq. timber "
Other articles of the forest
V. Manufactures.
Agricultural implements,
viz.
Drills . . . NO.
Mowing Machines "
Reapers
Harvesters
Ploughs "
Harrows
Hay rakes
Cultivators "
All other
Parts of
Total
Aluminium, pigs, bars, in
gots, etc., and mfs.cwt
Books, pamphlets, maps
etc
Biscuits and bread.. cwt.
277
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Lumber con.
Deals, pine
*
1,556,229
5,825,732
334,481
130
769
17,305
1,387,439
487,262
1,274
137,149
26,468
198,494
10,024,960
36,505
15
5,889
132,702
48,908
182
15,679
134,412
544,235
15,952
907,759
6,610,756
32,261
2,631
138,983
9,927
143
9,862
135,091
63,534
392,432
292,243
82,137
23
$
1,406,444
6,471,153
310,295
37,558
10,290
21,196
1,659,701
434,534
231,703
24,904
174,248
10,828,177
56,706
3,779
112,651
155,554
143,021
597,121
11,204
1,023,330
6,973,820
26,928
1,216
141,799
12,353
8,580
10,663
83,852
140,005
425,396
324,244
143,309
1,584
$
1,331,006
5,309,113
281,978
58,285
604
18,211
1,962,877
358,009
116,881
30,014
152,356
9,643,637
364
1,067
156,395
118,018
134,829
39,578
783,588
16,806
1,250,281
120
6,852,710
30,914
1,619
159,054
15,959
3,437
20,180
8,583
105,242
110,704
455,692
256,561
84,831
214
$
1,285,863
4,683,821
176,449
21,261
805
29,735
1,825,549
278,306
160
167,887
19,272
168,082
8,666,608
2,847
750
1,327
221,658
76,481
24,541
64,144
937,076
12,017
1,337,244
7,158,746
60,291
6,070
209,289
20,017
2,564
2,914
9,141
79,280
47,440
437,006
459,150
148,086
138
$
1,322,326
5,947,348
249,088
8,055
654
15,196
1,772,005
367,335
292
121.781
12,956
187,930
10,011,695
1,347
3,146
122,904
73,997
71,835
12,150
204,482
19,053
507,567
813
8,583,540
34,781
30,270
660
233,131
8,400
8,345
13,402
10,526
71,505
77,347
488,367
605,862
208,247
Deals, spruce and
other
Deal ends
Laths
Palings
Pickets . .
Planks and boards
Scantling
Shingles
Shocks, box and other .
Staves and headings . . .
All other lumber, n.e.s.
Total lumber. . :
Match blocks
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other. . .
Sleepers and railroad ties
Timber, square-
Ash
Birch.
Elm
Maple
Oak
Pine, red
Pine, white. .
All other
Total, sq. timber. . . .
Other articles of the
forest
V. Manufactures. . . .totals.
Agricultural implements,
viz.
Drills
Mowing Machines
Reapers
Harvesters
Ploughs
Harrows
Hay rakes
Cultivators
All other
Parts of
Total
Aluminium, pigs, bars, in
gots, etc., and mfs. . . .
Books, pamphlets, maps,
etc
Biscuits and bread
278
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Binder twine Ib.
200,260
2,240
9,020
Bricks M.
_^
4
1
Brooms and whisks
_
____
Buttons
[ _
x
,
_
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc.
Charcoal
-
Cement
._
.
_
Clay, manufactures of
Clothing and wearing ap
parel
~
;
Cordage, rope and twine .
Cotton fabrics yd.
84,304
52,704
72,649
10,722
8,260
Cottons, other
Cotton waste Ib.
87,841
48,721
100,467
249,353
3,661
Drugs, chemicals, and
medicines, n.e.s
Dye stuffs
__
_
Electrical apparatus
1
.
Electrotypes
M- _
__
_
_
Extract of hemlock
bark bbl.
6,717
3,634
2,535
1,544
1,267
Explosives and ful
minates, n.e.s. ... Ib.
Fertilizers
8,753
30,247
58,370
18,853
-
Fur, manufactures of
_
_
_
Glass and glassware, n.e.s.
Grindstones, manufactu d
Gypsum or plaster,
ground
-
-
Hats and caps . . . .
JJ _
__
_
Household effects, n.e.s . .
India rubber, manufac
tures of
**
**
India rubber, waste . . .
__
_.
M
Iron and steel and mfs. of-
Buoys, gas, and parts of
Castings, n.e.s
-
Hardware and tools
Machinery, n.e.s
-
-
Pig iron ton.
106
146
168
76
99
Scrap iron or steel . cwt.
Sewing machines.. NO.
Steel and manufactures
of
11,712
41
3,764
132
17,190
2,049
5,747
110
21,714
19
Stoves NO.
39
95
19
15
11
Typewriters NO.
3,215
3,058
3,428
2,053
2,147
Total iron and stee
and manufactures
of
Jewellers sweepings
**
279
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Binder twine
$
$
13 742
$
123
$
$
735
Bricks
55
5
Brooms and whisks
15 439
7 717
4 680
Buttons
40
184
334
23
80
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc.
Charcoal
8,039
16,266
8,771
592
6,768
7,432
Cement
100
165
60
Clay, manufactures of. ...
Clothing and wearing ap
parel
4
26 202
125
39 645
2
49 109
100
59 447
7,350
99 019
Cordage, rope and twine .
Cotton fabrics
19,197
18,608
1,291
11 090
2,916
16 684
2 675
1,129
876
Cottons, other
1 650
2 994
3 261
3 511
6 000
Cotton waste
4 110
1 598
1 994
9 107
289
Drugs, chemicals and
medicines, n.e.s
405,410
448 044
420 167
521 566
440 082
Dye stuffs
1 185
70
Electrical apparatus.
2 312
3 210
9 886
8 488
25 183
Electrotypes
103
453
1 234
477
64
Extract of hemlock bark.
Explosives and fulmin
ates, n.e.s
82,614
1 341
43,596
4 831
30,328
13 457
16,520
5 387
15,170
7 900
Fertilizers
725
25 441
1 405
Fur, manufactures of
18,721
14,438
19 426
25 266
21 597
Glass and glassware,n.e.s.
Grindstones, manufac
tured
1,501
3,879
2,456
434
5,135
339
8,819
Gypsum or plaster,
ground
436
Hats and caps
594
1 254
1 634
744
1 270
Household effects, n.e.s. .
India rubber, manufac
tures of
142,143
34 283
133,563
47 544
140,698
38 743
199,759
16 665
264,047
18,778
India rubber, waste
6,874
Iron and steel and mfs. of-
Buoys, gas, and parts of
Castings, n.e.s
1,507
5,345
7,196
1 968
16,014
788
2,000
1,654
Hardware and tools
Machinery, n.e.s
32,396
29,821
32,871
50,923
31,529
57,652
30,979
46,191
29,868
50,494
Pig iron
2,120
4.200
6 070
1 860
2,665
Scrap iron or steel
Sewing machines
5,412
1,711
2^414
3,179
10,146
27,091
2,582
2,263
15,940
800
Steel and manufactures
of
89 993
148 158
95 402
76 506
195 162
Stoves
637
2,237
959
537
427
Tvpewriters
218,255
207,748
217 293
152 555
142,042
Total iron and steel
and manufactures
of
381 852
457 075
455 306
330 275
441,052
Jewellers sweepings
23,970
28,157
32,212
42,511
26,899
280
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Jewellery, all kinds
Junk cwt.
35851
55 125
75 618
79 122
*9 032
Lamps and lanterns
Leather
Boots and shoes
Harness and saddlery. .
Leather, n.e.s. ... lb.
Sole "
435,702
4 216,319
606,677
6,006 291
808,093
5 819 090
1,040,331
3 067 085
1,429,401
4 674 579
Upper. . "
458,821
639,679
776,446
356,799
129,068
Other manufactures of .
Total leather
Liquors-
Ale and beer. . . . gal.
9
150
3
53
Gin "
538
Whiskey "
6 173
9 206
9 628
7 955
10,329
Wines "
433
153
154
481
429
Wood alcohol .... a
Other spirits "
127,423
21 332
219,030
17
366,998
3 840
462,213
155,524
Total liquors... "
Metals-
Brass, old and
scrap cwt.
155,370
228,556
380,623
470,649
166,873
6,561
Copper, old and
scrap "
6,391
Metallic & shingles
laths and corru
gated roofing
Metals, n.o.p
_
_
_
Musical instruments
Organs NO.
1,743
1,222
1,603
1,726
1,581
Pianos "
24
17
20
49
41
Other instruments
Total musical instru
ments
Oil cake cwt.
293 167
201,833
182,456
324,136
322,350
Oil, n.e.s gal.
220
11,549
577
17,805
16,602
Paper, vizi-
Paper, wall roll.
500
1,113
480
1,000
Paper, felt "
178
288
170
127
368
Paper, wrapping. . lb.
Paper, printing. . . "
Paper, n.e.s
15,200
5,010
10,167,560
37,269
5,969,300
Total
_
MB
Br
Paints and varnishes
Paintings of all kinds ....
Plumbago, manufactures
of
-
-
Photographs
_
_
Rags lb.
3,518,208
4,477,329
4,677,169
4,589,800
4,546,500
J Not including metallic and rubber.
281
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Jewellery, all kinds
$
$
$
23,462
$
24,335
$
26,772
Junk
131,754
201,334
351,915
337,796
^9,048
Lamps and lanterns
2,011
3,796
3,699
3,509
3,101
Leather
Boots and shoes
6,783
5,653
2,412
1,733
3 064
Harness and saddlery. .
Leather, n.e.s
1,144
97,085
323
97,356
547
132,660
735
239,575
1,702
318,796
Sole
915,234
1,445,587
1,346,864
823 050
1 387 792
Upper
137,935
169,075
142,009
82 814
32,378
Other manufactures of .
Total leather
3,818
1,161,999
6,422
1,724,416
4,717
1,629,209
3,114
1,151,021
3,015
1,746,747
Liquors-
Ale and beer
5
125
5
30
Gin
562
Whiskey
19,166
26,540
36,197
24,383
29 719
Wines
364
180
192
499
529
Wood alcohol
55,808
75,745
151,071
132,737
77,330
Other spirits, n.e.s. . . .
8,133
42
1,010
Total liquors
83,476
102,632
188,475
157,619
108,170
Metals-
Brass, old and scrap. . .
Copper, old and scrap. .
Metallic shingles and
laths, and corrugated
roofing.
67,380
87,307
113,221
Metals, n.o.p
30,061
28,272
42,482
62 375
172 961
Musical instruments
Organs
92,240
86,579
119,879
114,677
91,236
Pianos
10,050
6,161
5,796
13,420
13 428
Other instruments . ...
4,922
967
1,110
3,624
58,239
Total musical instru
ments ...
107,212
93,707
126,785
131,721
162,903
Oil cake
393.523
278,819
286,337
509,509
444,349
Oil, n.e.s
142
6,964
355
15,454
10 347
Paper, viz.:
Paper, wall
50
171
155
200
Paper, felt
165
352
138
148
499
Paper, wrapping
800
183
1,053
Paper, printing
527,851
306,248
254,962
202,215
122,207
Paper, n.e.s
384,458
532,790
345,568
381,905
381,717
Total
912,524
840,361
600,851
584,423
505,676
Paints and varnishes. . . .
10,619
4,641
6,990
30,533
22,371
Paintings of all kinds ....
Plumbago, manufactures
of
4,039
16,087
2,006
23,466
3,227
71,733
7,210
Photographs
1.209
1,730
1,698
778
1,396
Rags
160,745
251,792
237,937
256,637
287,837
Not including metallic and rubber.
282
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Soap Ib
1,330
21 836
12 325
20 435
92 545
Starch "
90 790
176 220
45 140
20 235
132 828
Stationery
Stone, granite, marble
etc., dressed
Sugar, all kinds, n.e.s. Ib.
Sugar-house syrup, .gal.
Tar
16,338
30
292
311
-
Tin, manufactures of. ...
_
Tobacco
Cigars M.
1
4
15
4
Cigarettes "
25
25
2
2
Stems and cuttings Ib.
All other, n.e.s "
Total tobacco
8,576
27,352
3,304
27,889
45,774
2,496
10.942
4,244
15,040
705
Tow cwt.
873
3 440
955
_
Vehicles
Automobiles. . . . NO.
15
23
18
25
291
Automobiles, parts of . .
Carriages NO.
15
8
3
10
16
Carriages, parts of
Carts NO.
6
_
Wagons "
2
1
2
1
1
Bicycles "
13
9
25
1J
23
Bicvcles, parts of
Other vehicles
_
_
_
_
Wood-
Barrels, empty. . . NO.
Household furniture . . .
Doors, sashes and
blinds
112
219
554
325
177
Matches and match
splints
Mouldings, trimmings
and other household
furnishings
Pails, tubs, churns and
other hollow wooden-
ware
Spool wood ands pools
Wood pulp cwt.
1,703,237
962,878
1,296,183
1,434,971
1,866,470
Other manufactures of..
Total wood and man
ufactures of
Woollens
Other articles of manu
factures
*
*
;
283
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Soap
$
120
$
1,037
$
630
$
1,030
$
9,513
Starch
4,207
9,390
1,788
781
6,577
Stationery . . .
949
2,280
3,789
17,044
12,326
Stone, granite, marble,
etc., dressed
156
50
585
1
550
Sugar, all kinds, n.e.s. . . .
Sugar-house syrup
898
12
16
147
Tar
150
_
42
Tin, manufactures of
596
1,552
3,183
2,898
1,815
Tobacco
Cigars
24
178
567
220
Cigarettes
25
219
33
30
Stems and cuttings ....
All other
1,037
11,316
449
12,183
5,293
910
1,074
1,710
1,326
663
Total tobacco ........
12,402
13,029
6,236
3,381
2,209
Tow
1,922
7,732
3,720
Vehicles
Automobiles
46,200
73,860
51,450
74,424
320,407
Automobiles, parts of . .
Carriages
1,867
1,207
15,721
760
9,279
1,453
1,895
2,042
Carriages, parts of
2,348
2,129
275
426
14
Carts
204
Wagons
165
385
160
50
100
Bicycles
515
394
2,745
1,605
3,145
Bicycles, parts of
359
1,700
4,096
983
527
Other vehicles
5,744
10,379
2,242
608
1,400
Wood-
Barrels, empty
560
140
541
629
493
Household furniture . . .
Doors, sashes and
blinds
48,327
24,116
24,200
9,696
44,273
13,462
23,746
6,693
35,572
13,400
Matches and match
splints
95,539
83,611
10,332
164
Mouldings, trimmings
and other household
furnishings
45
506
378
Pails, tubs, churns and
other hollow wooden-
ware
2,633
2,438
782
230
31
Spool wood and spools. .
Wood pulp
80,438
931,150
94,602
496,928
53,825
674,361
57,118
828,133
26,152
1,167,882
Other manufactures of.
Total wood and mfs.
of
202,532
1,385,340
237,050
948,665
208,993
1,007,075
225,278
1,141,991
217,513
1,461,421
Woollens
8,044
7,896
9,199
19,795
26,542
Other articles of mfs . . .
204,105
186,672
154,122
254,580
165,275
284
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Principal articles by
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911. 1912. 1913.
1914.
VI. Mineral produce.
Arsenic Ib.
5,550
9,967
4,295,241
128,216
4,785,588
4,504,576
42,201
275,110
2,159
978
978
1,651
230
1,082,200
560
6,843
5,683
5,665,188
4,948,231
10,032,147
188,377
2,051,480
5,425
245
11,927
863
13,035
4,467
710
1,376,200
309,674
7,314
33,976
5,238,110
5,156,464
7,664,301
133,733
2,248,600
1,398
211
155
366
2,700
30,000
4,500
3,229,360
8,802
39,705
5,385,527
4,826,783
17,926,748
149,774
1,406,000
324
235
16,800
162
17,197
604
858,000
7,937
1,024
18,549
6,805,093
6,479,250
24,260,358
144,900
1,655,700
150
11,800
180
12,130
1,540
9,454
1,110
946,400
Asbestos ton.
Asbestos sand "
Coal "
Gold-bearingquartz, dust,
nuggets, etc
Metals
Copper, fine, contained
in ore, matte, regulus,
etc Ib.
Lead, metallic,
contained in ore,
etc "
Nickel, fine, con
tained in matte,
ore, or speiss ... "
Silver, metallic,
contained in ore,
concentrates,
etc oz.
Mica Ib.
Mineral pigments,
iron oxides, ochres
etc "
Mineral water gal.
Ores
Antimony ton.
Corundum "
Iron "
Other "
Total ores "
Plumbago, crude ore
and concentrates.. cwt.
Salt Ib.
Other articles of the mine
VII. Miscellaneous produce.
Coffee Ib.
Dried fruits, n.e.s. . . "
Rice meal "
Other miscellaneous ar
ticles
Coin-
Gold and Silver
285
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
12. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes of
home produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
VI. Mineral produce totals.
Arsenic
$
3,820,574
$
6,726,015
200
$
5,555,599
5,661
$
12,066,622
$
16,027,128
Asbestos
283,367
208,499
168,424
211,450
255,067
Asbestos sand
11,234
Coal
33,842
IS, 262
130,995
120,305
61,604
Gold-bearing quartz, dust,
nuggets, etc
430
1,025
21,010
57,034
3,381
Metals
Copper, fine, contained
in ore, matte, regulus,
etc
338,853
433,853
396,955
403,851
512,093
Lead, metallic, con
tained in ore, etc ....
Nickel, fine, contained
in ore, matte or speiss
Silver, metallic, con
tained in ore, concen
trates, etc
6,055
773,343
2,255,790
750,135
5,081,196
768,232
3,916,586
718,141
10,318,158
960,621
13,925,884
Mica
10,540
60,824
39,608
34,912
35,563
Mineral pigments, iron
oxides, ochres, etc
1,604
9,997
12,086
7,110
6,417
Mineral water
1,079
1,654
892
218
Ores
Antimony
17,173
Corundum
_._ m
21,900
29 920
20,927
Iron
41,693
64,712
45,312
Other
82,348
77,496
34,909
61,108
178,995
Total ore
82,348
136,362
56,809
155,740
245,234
Plumbago, crude ore and
concentrates
9,035
16,453
8,250
2,065
6,730
Salt
720
Other articles of the mine
VII. Miscellaneous produce
Totals
24,288
17,133
7,555
25,772
29,371
41,462
37,638
13,655
3,300
22,072
Coffee
2,231
Dried Fruits, n.e.s
38
83
365
102
Rice meal
16,995
13,625
40,007
12,660
7,817
Other miscellaneous ar
ticles
100
12,064
1,090
995
11,922
Coin:
Gold and silver
54
^
286
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912. 1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce.
Balsam
660
8,779
1,209,098
48,272
147,596
12,778
163,971
3,358
1,285,660
232,560
47,971
10,388
1.856,181
152
3,760,615
1,087,108
126,155
1
2,110
568
82
86,127
554
31
1,714,555
1,994
57,565
449,739
59,544
4,789
216,614
678,632
1,268,538
276
11,642
317,596
16,923
86,295
22,277
74,033
2,192
128,538
206,887
22,362
71,908
242,660
493
857.645
1,503,900
25,967
610
440
827
204 ; 416
1,353,289
1,380
154.601
1,677,062
72,071
3,788
55,243
22,271
1,464,856
38 158
6,510 2,230
105,873 186,116
10,590 9,366
919,967 773,281
2,666 2,128
45,790 53,387
4,078 13,419
203,560 1,726,580
263,741 49,730
19,378 4
11,670 616
997,662 9,834,530
442 101,170
2,468,954 12,554,845
603,304 1,019,766
58,403* 29,983
1,268
8881 1
899 465
120
668,013 316,521
758!
176 19,758
1,311,305 1,116,972
2,623 1,670
65,906 30,513
991,802 7,561,004
105,043 91,876
7,477 5,410
40,856 62,767
27,286 152,557
1,455,562 1,318,655
40
6,065
376,466
18,230
1,584.851
8,737
138,707
11,095
18,928,221
82,424
11,647
16,978
7,522,027
28,304,687
1,806,242
19,436
200
2,035
1,933
154,337
892
1,883,878
1,732
86,458
10,164,536
76,850
4,948
163,122
1,001,287
1,684,961
Cider gal.
Flax cwt.
Fruits
Apples, dried Ib.
Apples, green or ripe bbl
Berries, all kinds
Canned or preserved . . .
All other
Total fruits ....
Grain and products of-
Barley bush
Beans "
Buckwheat "
Indian corn "
Oats "
Peas, whole "
Peas, split "
Rye "
Wheat "
Other grains. . "
Total grains "
Bran cwt.
Cereal food
Flour of wheat bbl.
Indian meal "
Oatmeal "
Meal, all other "
Malt bush.
Total flour, meal and
malt
Hay ton.
Hemp cwt.
Hops Ib.
Maple sugar "
Maple syrup gal.
Seeds
Clover bush.
Flaxseed "
Grass . "
All other
Total seeds
Straw ton
Tobacco leaf Ib.
Trees, shrubs and plants.
Vegetables-
Canned or preserved. . .
Potatoes bush.
Turnips "
All other
Total vegetables ....
All other agricultural pro
ducts .
287
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910. 1911.
1912.
1913. 1914.
I. Agricultural produce,
Totals
1
8,204,250
16,409
157
84,035
88,342
132,810
148,676
19,090
oO,ooJ
424,300
66,608
24,663
90,820
2,994
534,680
273,956
73,352
7,347
1,883,647
140
2,958,207
1,068,724
17,870
571,938
6
9,422
1,454
112
582,932
673,220
3,357
7
127,082
1,996
422,272
741,349
66,908
25,907
1,256,436
24,081
64.274
23,689
1,096
345,903
173,933
150,078
671,010
206,464
$
10,385,705
11,851
129
123,,508
20,033
50,149
82,814
12,541
28,106
193,643
49,361
40,024
38,012
2,043
47,466
303,199
31,035
45,309
236,256
572
793,277
1,467,077
8,834
114,669
1,476
2,002
2,074
120,221
1,449,990
114,709
1,437
1,169,709
3,859,211
191,490
43,977
5,264,387
14,465
26,606
12,071
4,515
13.835
206J263
233,068
457,681
325,819
$
11,685,611
3,702
4
70,266
10,158
21,459
106,280
24,149
33,404
195,450
558,026
S.874
25,115
4,674
90,920
328,583
26,252
7,685
811,503
420
1,859,052
443,078
112,657
243,934
3,708
3,650
2,797
254,089
5,186,016
3,136
97
107,975
2,945
575,899
1,802,894
,172,236
99,435
2,650,464
33,695
22,521
19,938
2,844
19,286
245,648
152,728
420,506
300,020
$
27,215,879
6,086
17
22,926
10,609
22,898
99,965
3,336
15,136
151,944
440,468
6,182
28,686
10,510
739,357
116,538
7
603
8,352,983
45,048
9,740,382
888,432
34,275
134,743
6
1,488
120
136,357
2,978,682
4,133
100,419
1,785
292,801
11,885,186
84,854
43,426
12,306,267
27,872
19,406
23,532
655
128,211
157,322
62,512)
348,700
424,664
$
32,506,548
17,591
10
46,369
24,035
62,431
91,705
14,546
40,673
. 233,390
709,092
23,011
100.959
7,580
6,802,403
162,020
8,327
11,473
6,891,624
14,716,489
1,509,595
25,120
85,745
400
9,085
7,096
102,326
1,358,621
303
155,476
1,893
798,771
11,910,681
67,598
48,973
12,826,023
27,578
54,022
31,839
3,708
434,956
304,711
107,703
851,078
548,825
Balsam . . ...
Cider
Flax
Fruits-
Apples, dried
Apples, green or ripe. . .
Berries, all kinds
Canned or preserved. . .
All other
Total fruits
Grain and products of
Barley ...
Beans
Buckwheat
Indian corn
Oats
Peas, whole
Peas, split
Rye
Wheat...
Other grains
Total grains
Bran
Cereal foods
Flour of wheat
Indian meal
Oatmeal
Meal, all other
Malt
Total flour, meal and
malt
Hay. .
Hemp
Hops
Maple sugar
Maple syrup. .
Seeds
Clover
Flaxseed
Grass
All other
Total seeds
Straw
Tobacco leaf
Trees, shrubs and plants .
Vegetables-
Canned or preserved . . .
Potatoes
Turnips
All other
Total vegetables ....
All other agricultural pro
ducts
288
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911. 1912.
1913. 1914.
f
II. Animals and their pro
duce.
Animals, living-
Cattle, one year old or
less NO.
1,797
10,413
20
1,886
205
87,814
16,535
58,663
48,503
1,906
25,893
51,637
69
3,499
261,870
73,006
1,103,837
154,490
35,732
889,515
4,700
34,914
2,362,221
1 552
7,024
13
2,023
2,773
9,421
32,640
81,857
1,957
651
2,592
31,190
9,408
266,257
58 ; 364
471,846
285,469
24,688
558,598
5,421
227
143,577
1,881,923
41
153
9,654
18
1,410
195
5,889
10,940
590,810
5,711
31,504
31,993
21,235
6,465
419,815
39,453
630,480
1,021,197
167,591
17,403
1,921,543
3,713
290
34,168
893,945
5,309
22,959
11
1,770
88
5,340
6,122
151,182
19,474
3,455
34,340
57,411
2,661
343,642
43,910
304,503
349,865
261,682
9,852
3,847,823
4,987
2,475
35,105
828,299
6,080
20,685
185,761
82
3,245
27,688
13,237
4,441
214,897
12,637,839
220,695
53,751
1,512,688
170,564
1,641,171
65,012
500,62
270,486
1,346,128
62,273
3,460,104
14,032
69,603
- 5,573,737
1,631,097
3,495
Cattle, over one year
old "
Horses 1 yr.old or less "
Horses, over 1 yr. old "
Hogs. . "
Sheep one year old or
less "
Sheep, over 1 yr . old "
Poultry and other, n.e.s . .
Total animals, living
Animal products-
Meats, viz:
Bacon Ib.
Beef "
Hams "
Mutton "
Pork ... "
Poultry, dressed
and undressed
Game, dressed and
undressed .
Tongues Ib.
Canned "
All other, n.e.s. "
Total meats
Other animal products-
Bones cwt.
Butter Ib.
Casein
Cheese "
Eggs . .doz.
Furs, dressed
Furs, undressed
Grease and grease
scraps Ib.
Glue stock
Hair
Hides and skins other
than fur
Horns and hoofs
Honey Ib.
Lard..... "
Milk and cream,
condensed "
Milk and cream,
fresh gal.
Oil, Neat s foot
and other
289
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913
1914.
II. Animals and their pro
duce.
Totals
$
10,629,614
$
10,063,544
1
9,864,524
$
12,866,948
S
24,728,798
Animals, living-
Cattle, one year old or
less
23,679
14,812
2,840
52,566
251,047
Cattle, over one year
old
618,995
450,267
612,559
1,064,357
6,792.039
Horses, 1 yr. old or less
Horses, over 1 yr. old
Hoes. .
6,215
446,971
6,088
1,550
497,566
45,526
1,075
311,564
3,843
2,360
470,665
. 1,415
4,037
741,311
442,199
Sheep, one year or less.
Sheep, over 1 year old
Poultry and other, n . e . s
Total animals, living
Animal products-
Meats, viz.
Bacon
415,912
153,767
133,714
1,805,341
7,338
47,354
214,496
117.574
1,389,145
11,943
26,949
70,164
88,391
1,117,385
78,058
29,982
38,600
86,117
1,746,062
23,796
70,309
38,147
178,983
8,518,102
41,704
Beef
7,561
204
487
1,912
1,085,102
Hams
340
137
4 183
552
32 570
Mutton
3,701
319
2,517
5,545
9,471
Pork
9,793
7,225
3,509
7,021
170,961
Poultry, dressed and
undressed
3.576
9,777
6,597
5,190
59,425
Game, dressed and
undressed
6,175
3,993
3,141
3,097
4,596
Tongues
7
Canned
621
1,625
950
355
24,9,58
All other, n.e.s
30,853
44,251
53,220
38,367
132,184
Total meats
69,965
79,474
152,662
85,835
1 560,971
Other animal products-
Bones
72,095
69.431
52,442
64,241
94,086
Butter
199,854
91^313
103,819
75,192
111,894
Casein
38,302
15,342
11,071
Cheese
23,995
36,034
31,653
41,366
187,335
Eggs . .
11,551
6,927
4,527
2,574
19,602
Furs, dressed. . .
33,304
21,340
30,022
11,420
10,035
Furs, undressed
1,925,444
1,635,995
2,019,296
2,184,275
2,139,228
Grease and grease
scraps
46,635
25,610
41,730
80,943
88,250
Glue stock
8,822
4,474
8,637
27,472
26,719
Hair
153,473
158,088
157,847
196,400
225,302
Hides and skins other
than fur
5,392,776
4,459,862
4,999,491
7,162,287
9,062,045
Horns and hoofs
Honey .
7,406
506
8,078
680
17,100
569
25,553
592
14,252
1,554
Lard
2,555
24
34
369
6,546
Milk and cream, con-
densed
220,446
11,474
3,983
5,107
301,177
Milk and cream, fresh..
Oil, Neat s foot and
other
1,719,919
20
793,570
752,535
5,638
1,337,300
3,090
290
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their Pro
duce con.
Other animal products-
con.
Sausage casings
Sheep pelts NO.
Tallow Ib.
133,515
4,369
1,829,073
375,758
91,297
4,918
718
1,571,822
20 ; 070,876
39,492
211,426
893,349
81,173
2,898,370
2,255,634
10,320
14,378
1,489,105
2,160
118,384
6,570
396,850
5,536,968
3,687
689,498
i
52,401
6,306
416,166
585,651
95,274
15,688
1,458
2,594,850
10,408,084
29,962
99,696
705,574
35,681
2,985,687
1,420,882
5,847
1,267,050
148
148,712
4,920
558,213
7,554,147
11,164
973,521
40,007
156,449
442,653
1,268,245
97,214
11,578
1,681
2,326,142
33,437,708
35,099
131,348
1,047,053
44,181
2,776,897
1,031,143
6,232
1,485,409
293
123,902
46,711
4,075
243,383
7,894,854
4,353
1,292,348
43,075
721,960
278,342
307,367
128,582
11,152
2,073
2,901,727
27,169.886
42 , 096
34,383
1,407,576
39,178
2,415,505
3,118,541
9,210
470
1,762,523
1,781
11,221
510,918
1,343
264,771
8,306,442
3,124
1,522,022
664,993
2,382,803
2,052,064
198,833
16,828
197,105
4,278,312
-i
10,283,574
57,960
32,450
2,339,120
4,943,930!
2,273,849
4,023,944
22,728
3,148,401
5,954
1,181.205
238,702
4,149
711,000
1,953,457
10,173
2,356,346
6,028,034
Wool "
All other
Total other animal pro
ducts
III. Fisheries produce.
Codfish, including had
dock, ling and pollock,
fresh Ib.
Codfish, dry salted. cwt.
Codfish, wet salted
and pickled cwt.
Codfish tongues and
sounds bbl .
Total codfish
Halibut, fresh Ib.
Halibut, pickled bbl.
Total halibut
Herring, fresh or frozen Ib.
Herring, pickled bbl.
Herring, canned. . . .Ib.
Herring, smoked ... "
Total herring
Lobsters, fresh bbl.
Lobsters, canned. . .Ib.
Total lobsters
Mackerel, fresh. . . .Ib.
Mackerel, canned. . . "
Mackerel, pickled, .bbl.
Total mackerel
Oysters bbl.
Salmon, fresh Ib.
Salmon, smoked "
Salmon, canned. ... "
Salmon, dog "
Salmon, pickled. ... "
Total salmon
Salmon or lake trout . Ib.
See fish, other, fresh "
Seafish, other pickled bbl.
Sea fish, other, pres . Ib.
Total sea fish, other. . .
Smelts Ib.
291
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their Pro
duce con.
Other animal products-
con.
Sausage casings ..... .
f
$
$
87,662
$
153,427
$
181,488
Sheep pelts
77.594
34,186
25,415
43,812
134,410
Tallow
274
480
10,978
44,192
43,891
Wool
457,399
98,414
96,822
70,168
552,610
All other
120,179
212,576
70,578
72,146
97,840
Total other animal pro-
ductiS
8,754,308
8,594,925
8,594,477
11,035,051
14,649,725
III. Fisheries produce.
Totals
4,627,051
4,90,7418
5,378,664
5,747,688
6,852,009
Codfish, including had
dock, ling and pollock,
fresh
11,550
16,167
47,125
14,419
66,149
Codfish, dry salted
432,211
510,975
602,252
784,653
1,131,347
Codfish, wet salted and
pickled
17,922
60,792
49,308
41,955
66,252
Codfish, tongues and
sounds
12,593
37,352
32,651
53,283
34,772
Total codfish
474,276
625,286
731,336
894,310
1,298,520
Halibut
84,036
138,891
129,645
147,297
262,939
Halibut, pickled
3
4
Total halibut
84,036
138,891
129,648
147,297
262,943
Herring, fresh or frozen. .
Herring, pickled
169,773
112,334
141,798
59,360
300,617
70,980
201,406
89,041
141,146
144,964
Herring, canned
7,108
4,915
1,553
1,728
1,815
Herring, smoked
20,134
22,801
27,524
36,928
54,337
Total herring
309,349
228,874
400,674
329,103
342,262
Lobsters, fresh
528,341
521,559
566,946
625,881
707,486
Lobsters, canned. .......
732,454
770,109
895,961
852,993
808,296
Total lobsters
1,260,795
1,291,668
1,462,907
1,478,874
1,515,782
Mackerel, fresh
119,919
89,730
68,175
175,488
216,307
Mackerel, canned
1,720
Mackerel, pickled
176,383
84,137
99,372
123,204
272,665-
Total mackerel
298,022
173,867
167,547
298,692
488,972
Oysters
2,402
1,827
5,213
5,761
3,516
Salmon, fresh
144,113
129,234
139,313
171,581
219,994
Salmon, smoked
199
15
33
202
615
Salmon, canned
14,360
21,008
18,597
1,964
115,360
Salmon, dog
1,649
8,679
3,805
Salmon, pickled
105,432
70,032
89,566
26,131
90,376
Total salmon
264,104
220,289
249.158
208,557
430,150
Salmon or lake trout
21,228
29,724
14,678
14,614
38,982
Sea fish, other, fresh
393,876
400,143
453,828
486,257
95,819
Sea fish, other, pickled . .
Sea fish, other, preserved
Total sea fish, other. . .
Smelts.
15,441
33,042
442,359
26,588
45,499
472,230
26,301
40,301
520,430
17,597
73,979
577,833
62,443
107,510
265,772
332,792
292
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
III. Fisheries produce
con.
Fish, bait and clams. bbl.
Fish all other, fresh
38,318
2,113
131,585
52,149
8,235
191,969
36
15,087
18,413
13,274
1,924
353
2,024
4
1,322
12,042
94,132
109,877
2,795
1,332
12,461
480
751,729
24
42,143
970,391
44.129
918,788
26
41,745
1,618
80,638
1,708
616,656
78,383
777,385
17
12,949
19,304
4,772
400
1,201
778
4,726
13,760
102,397
122,862
3,514
1,932
5,291
245
667,603
27,176
847,948
41,532
I 711,624
14*
54,201
2,443
100,297
1,282
585,029
37,809
724,417
44
7,909
17,593
7,845
324
526
1,959
17
7,955
8,644
65,174
84,275
1,252
816
11,494
684
638,545
4,586
28,220
776,991
47,953
577,167
36C
67,347
1,239
102,926
1,017,846
80,435
1,201,207
44
5,802
16,434
14,139
895
404
918
1,555
4,027
89,687
96,591
581
1,956
18,115
1,080
680,372
31,482
926,538
76,875
542,311
91
85,849
561
335,177
858
234,880
29,095
600,010
15
4,833
16,308
30,526
72
510
1,061
11,876
536
597,420
2,854
802,685
56,628
662,512
57
Fish, all other, pickledbbl.
Fish oil, cod g&l-
Fish oil seal
Fish oil whale .... "
Fish oil other "
Total fish oil.. .. "
Furs or skins the produce
of fish or marine ani
mals
Other articles of the
fisheries
IV. Forest produce.
Ashes, pot and pearl bbl.
Ashes, other
Total ashes
Bark for tanning. . .cord.
Firewood "
Knees and futtocks. NO.
Lathwood cord.
Logs-
Elm M. f t.
Hemlock "
Oak "
Pine "
Spruce a
All other . ..."
Total logs "
Lumber
Basswood M. ft
Battens
Deals, pine st. hund
Deals, spruce and
other "
Deal ends a
Laths M.
Palings "
Pickets . . "
Planks and boards M. ft
Scantling "
Shingles M.
Shooks, box and other
Staves and headings . .
All other lumber, n.e.s
Total lumber
Match blocks
Masts and spars .... NO
Piling.
293
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
t
III. Fisheries produce
con.
Fish, bait and clams
*
85,785
*
115,693
$
102 475
$
94 451
$
140 452
Fish, all other, fresh
1,275,142
1,343,296
1,284 826
1 318 868
1 476 666
Fish, all other, pickled.. .
Fish oil, cod
21,797
32,272
17,448
27,273
22,152
43 738
13,287
33 290
6,436
100 457
Fish oil, seal
717
545
269
Fish oil, whale
18,657
236,195
213 740
288 792
95 725
Fish oil, other
2,135
26,122
17 139
27 724
8 029
Total fish oil
53,064
290,307
275 162
349 806
204 480
Furs or skins the produce
of fish or marine animals
Other articles of the fish
eries
8,432
26,260
6,521
J 24,820
4,850
7,608
10,267
5 968
3,174
41 110
IV. Forest produce. . .totals.
Ashes, pot and pearl
31,835,326
820
-* j 1 - **^
28,785,427
604
25,483,532
1 398
29,951,880
1 976
29,304,546
553
Ashes, other
61,898
61 120
42 767
36 703
29 644
Total ashes
62,718
61,724
44 165
38 679
30 197
Bark for tanning.
83,264
78,138
46 708
29 842
25 577
Firewood
46 604
45 965
57 936
48 523
49 272
Knees and futtocks
7,556
3 068
6 631
20 597
33 404
Lathwood
10,310
1 600
1 134
3 392
258
Logs-
Elm
3,983
13,106
6999
5 125
2 510
Hemlock
15,273
6,946
17 339
7 404
11 276
Oak
50
401
811
Pine
19,754
26 610
69 287
24 101
62 743
Spruce
123,363
152,327
72,708
45 260
95 483
All other
796,546
962,834
571,422
868 740
537 683
Total logs
958,969
1,161,823
738 156
950 630
710 506
Lumber
Basswood
61,576
75844
33 361
12 074
9 345
Battens
22
3 713
Deals, pine
83,305
115,529
46,248
78 355
61 616
Deals, spruce and other
Deal ends
572,103
14,142
247,708
6,888
491,544
19 567
743,561
30 141
513,883
30 408
Laths
1,852,211
1,627,818
1 654,822
1,743 248
1 669 547
Palings
250
12,016
20,003
Pickets
196,385
148,290
154 680
171 782
177 361
Planks and boards
Scantling
17,877,249
594,938
15,948,790
571,723
13,634,083
641 156
16,247,450
1 079 107
15,249,032
847 290
Shingles
2,298,055
1,648,448
1,451,878
1,374 569
1,738 879
Shocks, box and other .
Staves and headings. . .
All other lumber, n.e.s.
Total lumber
26,300
35,309
315,674
23,927,619
8,323
46,250
195,303
20,640,914
12,388
35,483
90,235
18,281 174
19,768
20,128
76,474
21,596 657
22,908
36,511
71,573
20 448 356
Match blocks
3,953
6,095
2 263
1 710
6 739
Masts and spars. .
610
456
1 881
462
455
Piling..
129,418
170,734
202 374
127 062
175 509
294
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913. 1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other
16,533
908,097
48
19
1
65
454
1,189
1,728
965,271
31
1
F
389
123
H
8
4,175,100
125
382
10,894
1,049,272
98
306
34
225
663
936,791
53
12
527
23
65
-
3,184,100
45
9,343,95C
297
9,799
801,832
60
111
4
46
568
729
879,775
12
1
67
358
39
101
L
]
13
7,265,600
200
12,921,840
251
7,853
562,175
_ i
130
162
67
8
433
, 800
1,003,594
2
47
211
67
30
70
79
7,863,400
376
9,698,561
663
13,582
1,089,384
13
3
2
360
i -
195
5,597,400
332
3,641,850
1,032
_
Posts, cedar, tamarac and
other .- . . .
Shingle bolts, pine or
cedar cord.
Sleepers and railroad
ties NO.
Stave bolts cord.
Timber, square-
Ash ton.
Birch "
Elm "
Oak "
Pine, white
All other "
Total timber, sq. "
Wood, blocks and other,
for pulp cord
Other articles of the forest
V. Manufactures.
Agricultural implements
viz. :
Drills NO.
Mowing Machines
Reapers
Harvesters
Ploughs "
Harrows
Hay rakes
Seeders
Threshing machines "
Cultivators "
All other
Parts of
Total
Aluminium, pigs, bars, in
gots, etc lb
Books, pamphlets, maps
etc.
Biscuits and bread.. cwt.
Binder twine lb.
Bricks M.
Brooms and whisks
Buttons
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc
Charcoal
Cement
Clay, manufactures of. . .
295
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other
$
55,810
$
78,055
$
74,190
$
65,148
$
120,750
Posts, cedar, tamarac and
other
46,930
34,228
30,229
23,887
Shingle bolts,pine or cedar
Sleepers and railroad ties.
Stave bolts
72,764
328,277
124
37,002
356,701
31,875
232,167
679
27,769
195,901
47,132
247,996
Timber, square-
Ash
Birch
485
2 141
1,928
2,363
780
Elm
45
90
1,571
572
Oak
1,098
6,463
749
1,285
644
Pine, white
5,856
560
125
624
All other
13,619
2,772
7,952
5,853
9,304
Total timber, sq. . . .
Wood, blocks and other
for pulp . .
21,103
6,076,628
11,936
6,092,715
10,719
5,697,901
11,197
6,896,445
11,924
7,388,770
Other articles of the forest
V. Manufactures totals
2,669
15,330,280
4,273
16,524,005
23,350
16,312,751
3,979
21,321,458
7,701
30,391,764
Agricultural i m p 1 e -
ments, viz.:
Drills
760
Mowing machines
363
1,805
307
80
140
Reapers
15
48
Harvesters
375
800
6,777
1,831
380
Ploughs
40,539
90,794
25,726
11,437
9,062
Harrows
2,042
329
609
750
5,585
Hay rakes
25
1,311
3,554
1,110
Seeders . .
295
50
140
7,040
1,140
Threshing machines . . .
Cultivators
500
600
418
2,001
4,643
All other
39,551
54,878
11,801
13,344
32,050
Parts of
2,935
6,768
19,147
16,494
39,289
Total
86,140
157,235
69,127
54,087
93,049
Aluminium, pigs, bars, in
gots, etc
625,476
476,703
933,726
844,663
821,448
Books, pamphlets, maps,
etc.
152,672
162,942
166,296
191,413
232,061
Biscuits and bread
1,041
561
1,317
684
1,989
Binder twine
692,072
858,232
831,510
364,204
Bricks . .
2,356
1,968
1,830
8,762
8,172
Brooms and whisks
75
334
211
Buttons
621
352
368
513
746
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc.
Charcoal
6,885
4,793
7,975
3,045
3,753
3,889
1,708
4,970
4,094
3,073
Cement
94,949
708
1,791
1,306
1,061
Clay, manufactures of ...
1,068
1,352
1,889
3,764
24,874
296
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Clothing and wearing ap
parel
48,831
17,342
1,739,838
48
190,994
6,120
447,890
1,100
165
114
204,232
44,252
59,905
52,781
1,523,016
331,914
8,319
139,038
695
197
127
255,589
50,242
15,067
50,948
667,429
119,616
5,332
79,276
975
122
170
268,346
112,525
61,990
10,553
876,273
101,985
6,399
478,692
508
119
127
321,066
119,364
73,285
118,192
482,251
11
4,931,964
i
8,562
802,499
488
127
186
89,714
1,061,503
Coke ton.
Cordage, rope and twine
Cotton fabrics yd.
Cotton, other
Cotton waste. ... Ib.
Drugs, chemicals and
medicines, n.e.s
Dye stuffs
Electrical apparatus
Electrotypes
Extract of hemlock
bark bbl.
Explosives and ful
minates, n.e.s Ib.
Fertilizers
Fur, manufactures of
Glass and glassware,n.e.s.
Grindstones,
manufactured
Gypsum or pi aster, ground
Hats and caps
Household effects, n.e.s. .
Ice J
India rubber, manufac
tures of
India rubber, waste. Ib.
Iron and steel and mfs. of-
Buoys, gas and parts of.
Castings, n.e.s
Hardware and tools . . .
Machinery, n.e.s
Pig iron .ton.
Scrap iron or steel cwt.
Sewing machines.. NO.
Steel and manufactures
of
Stoves NO.
Typewriters "
Total iron and steel
and manufactures of
Jewellery, all kinds
Jewellers sweepings
Junk cwt.
Lamps and lanterns
Leather
Boots and shoes
Harness and saddlery. .
Leather, n.e.s. ... Ib.
|
*Not including metallic and rubber.
297
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Clothing and wearing ap
parel
*
65 107
$
73 784
$
88 938
$
140 677
$
150 952
Coke
217,278
255 791
65 518
269 133
332 620
Cordage, rope and twine
Cotton fabrics
707,120
2 448
8,006
8 196
15,412
8 467
7,112
2 032
9,807
7 870
Cotton, other
10 659
13 973
38 694
12 179
8 329
Cotton, waste
61,922
42 033
25 584
25 849
21 356
Drugs, chemicals and
medicines, n.e.s
767 956
1 002 071
648 822
542 179
619 066
Dye stuffs
693
638
1 887
10 791
2 629
Electrical apparatus
20,888
34,767
29 220
40 178
66 849
Electrotypes
1 876
3 286
10 446
3 077
4 344
Extract of hemlock bark
Explosives and fulminates,
n.e.s
672
218 479
210 193
56 385
27 383
309
96 492
Fertilizers
305 359
379 721
797 190
1 592 185
2 436 765
Fur, manufactures of
8,930
14,582
9 412
35 207
23 992
Glass and glassware,n.e.s.
Grindstones,
manufactured
7,255
13 451
6,250
22 514
8,938
26 821
8,668
24 454
13,586
54 103
Gypsum or plaster, ground
Hats and caps
2,520
3 598
4,727
1 751
3,400
2 849
7,125
3 310
12,763
3 353
Household effects, n.e.s..
Ice
2,076,137
27 056
1,748,494
6 665
1,702,272
6 686
1,940,713
7 407
2,480,156
15 497
India rubber, manufac
tures of
59,104
40,774
31 556
89 784
52 295
India rubber, waste
406 718
Iron and steel and mfs. of-
Buoys, gas and parts of
Castings, n.e.s..
23,078
21,420
6,583
20,127
303
33 446
236
39 664
Hardware and tools. . . .
Machinery, n.e.s
30,121
241,398
38,878
206,013
31,371
187 032
45,853
267 382
83,024
200 542
Pig iron
222 163
279,935
250 605
313 761
326 98 9
Scrap iron or steel
Sewing machines
317,972
29,867
113,298
17,977
46,500
18 467
232,773
14 649
423,001
13 953
Steel and manufactures
of. ...
196 462
208 ?29
227 476
339 518
233 38^
Stoves
2*660
2 333
1 714
1 975
3 884
Typewriters. .
5,078
6,009
7 092
5 600
10 794
Total iron and steel and
manufactures of. ...
1,068,799
894,092
796 967
1 255 260
1 335 465
Jewellers sweepings
49,685
78,588
85 089
30 960
15 865
Jewellery, all kinds
17,887
121,783
156 353
Junk
566 031
533 477
654 746
1 348 675
mS^ 1
Lamps and lanterns
1,786
2,824
1,993
1 616
3 131
Leather-
Boots and shoes
11,185
17,439
14,655
15 611
60 378
Harness and saddlery. .
Leather, n.e.s
13,490
15,055
9,041
14,128
7,462
22,240
5,819
21 047
16,966
266 211
Not including metallic and rubber.
298
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13 Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
QUANTITIES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V . Manufactures con.
Leather con.
Sole lb.
26,115
25,121
3,914
110
265,159
2,539
6,425
11,427
289,574
53
160
26,775
1,641,806
4,913
14,907
4,225
35,336,314
67
47,62(
12,04^
65,277
16,053
1,581
144
243,651
8,235
625
627
254,853
65
167
4 ; 505
2,291,528
8,719
7,976
35,606
31,760,862
3
) 8,59^
I 27
26,006
51,255
1,362
79
244,725
2,047
550
2,545
251,308
109
150
2,046
1,181,034
53,163
15,316
*f*
! 37,665,697
29,014
r _
197,537
2,780
2,313
23
266,690
808
238
3,613
273,685
28
148
7,630
1,445,977
54,119
8,595
2,864,733
217,606,801
41,899,40C
4C
16,412
40C
2,884,422
209,426
9,631
2,550
273,153
5,512
438
291,284
33,566
22,141
34
114
42,792
1,324,016
3,850
8,688
17,202,643
506,124,800
I 49,749,000
1 374
i 7,423
I 860
Upper. "
Other manufactures of
Total leather
T.irnp ....
Liquors
Ale and beer. .sal.
Gin "
Whiskey "
Wines
Wood alcohol
Other spirits, n.e.s.
Total liquors . . .
Metals
Brass, old and
scrap cwt.
Copper, old and
scrap
Metallic shingles and
laths and corrugated
roofinc
Mptals n o.D ,
Musical instruments
Organs NO.
Pianos
Other instruments
Total musical instru
ments
Oil cake cwt.
Oil n e s .gal.
Paper, viz.:
Paner wall. .roll.
Paper felt.
Paper, wrapping. . lb.
Paper, printing. . .
Panpr n e s
Total
Paints and varnishes
Paintings, all kinds
Plumbago, manfs. of. ...
Photographs
Rags lb.
Ships sold to othei
countries ton.
Soap lb.
Starch "
Stationery
299
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Leather con.
Sole
$
6,227
5,792
8,828
60,577
53,128
2,496
182
819,406
6,259
2,694
8,443
839,480
36,205
14,775
34,948
2,336
52,059
40,528
95,069
1,644
5,269
89
1,246,795
39,727
1,293,524
4,586
10,203
3,785
351,572
3,570
2,651
524
6,543
* v
17,137
4.895
5^042
67,682
39,442
666
261
775,037
7,000
402
1,600
784,966
24,801
12,496
38,541
2,201
53,238
7,487
169,922
1,966
2,171
1,167
1,961,358
74,202
2,040,864
3,656
67,233
4,610
276,790
8,585
658
1
9,673
$
6,661
8,603
3,880
63,501
39,183
868
181
759,089
4,843
115
24,996
790,092
55,673
20,951
33,846
2,673
57,470
3,237
75,522
5,083
5,233
1,982,830
59,575
2,052,721
6,226
24,488
23,367
4,794
314,622
671
10,609
$
53,307
3,046
4,302
103,132
21,438
1,039
50
833,636
2,933
110
4,693
842,461
60,109
12,405
34,895
3,411
50,711
12,781
144,576
6,615
3,240
96,922
4,242,298
18,006
4,367,081
12,228
133,992
40.984
9.097
410,403
4,350
1,437
21
12,594
$
817,116
71,843
36,169
1,268,683
24,502
3,227
1,943
841,043
3,095
787
850,095
303,439
283,127
537
175,843
16,393
28,280
8,703
53,376
54,140
171,292
622
13,221
578,595
9,818,539
149,087
10,560,064
14,960
58,488
32,088
7,026
514,179
21,050
646
56
13,476
Upper
Other mfs. of
Total leather
Lime
Liquors-
Ale and beer
Gin
Whiskey
Wines
Wood alcohol
Other spirits, n.e.s.. . .
Total liquors
Metals-
Brass, old and scrap. . . .
Copper, old and scrap. .
Metallic shingles and
laths and corrugated
roofing
Metals, n.o.p
Musical instruments-
Organs
Pianos
Other instruments
Total musical instru
ments
Oil cake
Oil, n.e.s
Paper, viz.:
Paper, wall
Paper, felt
Paper, wrapping
Paper, printing
Paper, n.e.s
Total
Paints and varnishes
Paintings, all kinds
Plumbago, manfs. of
Photographs
Rags . .
Ships sold to other
countries
Soap
Starch
Stationery
300
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
QUANTITIES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Stone, granite, marble,
etc., dressed
* __
Sugar, all kinds, n.e.s. Ib.
Sugar-house syrup .. gal.
Tar
47,725
201,606
24
41,837
9,630
127,020
450
183,449
1,477
153,520
Tin, manufactures of
__,
__
__
Tobacco
Cigars M.
55
43
47
45
Cigarettes
1
3
92
22
46
Stems and cuttings Ib.
All other "
297,709
6,044
359,300
5,223
228,904
7,098
434,963
34,754
383,201
5,753
Total tobacco
Tow cwt.
496
2,785
1,944
730
1,275
Vehicles
Automobiles NO.
45
61
89
122
81
Automobiles, parts of. .
Carriages NO.
91
108
56
92
73
Carriages, parts of
Carts NO.
91
15
102
32
26
Wagons
169
176
125
94
159
Bicycles "
63
58
67
64
70
Bicycles parts of
Other vehicles
_^
.
_
_
_
Vinegar gal.
245
__
20
_
Wood-
Barrels, empty. . . NO.
Household furniture . . .
Doors, sashes and blinds
Matches and match
splints
11,063
9,246
25,526
16,665
7,713
Mouldings, trimmings
and other household
furnishings
Pails, tubs, churns and
other hollow wooden-
ware
Spool wood and spools . .
Wood pulp cwt.
4,012,838
5,390,349
4,562,624
4,369,330
4,289,488
Other manufactures of..
Total woods and mfs.
of
Woollens
__
Other articles of manufac
tures
_
VI. Mineral produce.
Arsenic Ib.
3,967,513
2,813,627
4,060,403
3,492,209
2,948,700
Asbestos ton .
51,710
56,036
63,353
72,570
78,650
Asbestos sand "
26,772
Barytes, ground and
unground cwt.
5
68
-
301
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years, 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Stone, granite, marble,
etc., dressed
$
24,774
4,313
13,594
25,419
40,121
1,325
7
8,885
1,933
12,150
2,333
93,944
7,529
1.945
3,366
8,989
1,915
55
44,271
66
11,029
27.934
1,136
10,301
347
451
174
4,175,309
62,631
4,289,312
28,477
652,893
33,488,464
160,287
1,300,457
150
$
1,370
2
5,468
15,912
10,508
845
23
10,431
3,238
14,537
11,392
99,868
6.973
10,149
509
9,614
2,034
205
283,621
7,284
22,952
2,694
297
I 7
926
450
5,094,589
78,952
5,208,151
24,704
367,270
33,129,505
69,181
1,548,456
$
557
419
9,474
32,589
34,563
1,105
563
11,051
4,729
17,448
11,554
196,984
54,971
2,860
3,015
3,989
6,539
3,232
4,710
226,320
5
15,562
26,276
685
83
9
102
321
4,419,944
91,086
4,554,068
30,597
419,209
33,259,580
76,573
1,772,474
114
$
2,736
27
13,238
19-,171
51,253
1,948
187
14,873
8,209
25,217
4,892
190,070
13,564
5,343
1,458
1,029
5,142
6,484
171
47,916
19,008
26,111
1,096
1,587
725
255
4,576,279
81,094
4,706,155
23,401
485,345
42,541,751
108,305
1,965,246
$
5,454
106
10,779
28,515
46,374
172
15,256
4,450
19,878
3,267
138,978
36,341
7,784
1,466
780
8,649
4,805
1,382
27,188
8,941
69.319
2,019
1,057
808
904
4,913,634
83,331
5,080,013
27,800
467,666
30,491,127
117,497
2,087,750
145,289
Sugar, all kinds, n.e.s. . .
Sugar-house syrup
Tar
Tin, manufactures of
Tobacco
Cigars
Cigarettes
Stems and cuttings ....
All other
Total tobacco
Tow
Vehicles
Automobiles
Automobiles, parts of. .
Carriages
Carriages, parts of
Carts
Wagons
Bicycles
Bicycles, parts of
Other vehicles
Vinegar
Wood-
Barrels, empty
Household furniture . . .
Doors, sashes and blinds
Matches and match
splints
Mouldings, trimmings,
and other household
furnishings
Pails, tubs, churns and
other hollow wooden-
ware
Spool wood and spools. .
Wood pulp
Other manufactures of. .
Total woods and mfs.
of
Woollens
Other articles of manufac
tures
VI. Mineral produce. . .totals
Arsenic
Asbestos
Asbestos sand
Barytes, ground and un-
ground
302
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VI. Mineral produce con.
Coal .ton.
Chromite (chromic
iron) "
Feldspar
Gold-bearingquartz, dust
nuggets, etc
Gypsum or plaster
crude ton .
Metals-
Copper, fine, con
tained in ore,
matte, regulus,
etc lb.
Copper, black or
coarse, cement
copper and cop
per in pigs
Lead, metallic, con
tained in ore, etc. "
Lead, pig
Nickel, fine, con
tained in ore,
matte or speiss . "
Platinum, contain
ed in concen-
trates or other
forms oz.
Silver, metallic,
contained in ore,
concentrates, etc. "
Mica lb.
Mineral pigments,
iron oxides, ochres
etc "
Mineral water gal .
Oil, mineral, coal and
kerosene, refined.. "
Oil, mineral, coal and
kerosene, crude. .. "
Ores-
Corundum ton .
Iron
Manganese "
Other "
Total ores
Phosphates "
Plumbago, crude ore
and concentrates, .cwt.
Pyrites ton.
Salt lb.
Sand and gravel .... ton .
QUANTITIES.
1910
1911.
1912.
1913
1914
1,442,018 1,866,742 991,558 1,630,468 1,166,908
1,160
15
11,494 15,964 16,639 13 ; 376 18,898
335,916 359,271 355,962 379,393 395,952
53,240,875 49,258,368 51,188,770 75,561,692 76,443.805
79,656
2,681,201
6,093,845
59,885
36,800 113,940 305,600 274,760
71,961
25,830,298 29,819,292 28,074,244 43,341,307 43,989,648
2,218
84
44
89
153
24,045,655 22,054,239 21,901,141 15,600,586 9,729,445
829,340 617,597 629,070 751,636 517,045
846,486
55,617
50
795,023 2,380,750 1,964,890 1,204,200
11,178 15,978 2,867 84
245
31,535
4
9.916
41,455
895
23,691
26,939
166,701
543,917
92,880
2
8,580
798
157
18,500
1,393
37,657 113,037
12
7,168
8
15,580
18,876
3,650
673
95,150
10,991
10L462 45^35 130,018 106,814
187
3,299
35,710
225,920
582,042
25,798
27,865
126,000
585,350
33,800
3.427
191,700
646,235
28,496
46,293
147,300
685,143
303
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910. 1911.
1912.
1913. 1914.
VI. Mineral produce con.
Coal
$
3,798,623
13,556
35,975
5,920,376
396,493
5,685,072
126,385
2,303
2,546,711
61,717
12,015,356
287,017
6,696
6,712
7
80,540
160
453,717
534,417
15,735
57,062
114,044
683
284,426
$
4,427,606
150
50,572
5,342,550
427,903
5,133,003
7,955
1,308
3,092,197
2,311
11,317,731
246,103
17,286
3,859
52
263,025
51
501,504
764,580
14,827
118,962
1,100
401,183
$
2,653,214
58,160
7,132,546
420,529
5,249,246
3,151
2,806
2,975,688
2,478
11,316,409
217,868
18,630
10,091
81,744
133,361
461
338,527
554,093
53,105
110,109
3,038
415,289
$
4,130,435
45,737
11,169,239
439,488
9,148,048
356,043
8,442
4,327,056
3,519
8,828,897
282,062
12,781
2,093
24
3,964
150,463
339,841
303
428,090
918,697
75,680
7,007
1,15C
443,61^
$
2,653,206
75,988
13,322,654
480 ; 779
8,977,486
7,562
4,398,920
7,784
5,406,172
156,097
8,351
21
2,725
379
77,707
326,983
292,113
696,173
497
73,569
212,220
1,084
485,578
Chromite (chromic iron) .
Feldspar
Gold-bearing quartz,
dust, nuggets, etc
Gypsum or plaster, crude.
Metals-
Copper, fine, contained
in ore, matte, regulus,
etc
Copper, black or coarse,
cement copper and
copper in pigs
Lead, metallic, contain
ed in ore, etc
Lead, pig.
Nickel, fine, contained
in ore, matte or speiss.
Platinum, contained in
concentrates or other
forms
Silver, metallic, con
tained in ore, con
centrates, etc
Mica
Mineral pigments, iron
oxides, ochres, etc.. .
Mineral water
Oil, mineral, coal, and
kerosene, refined
Oil, mineral, coal and
kerosene, crude
Ores-
Corundum
Iron
Manganese
Other
Total ores
Phosphates
Plumbago, crude ore and
concentrates
Pyrites
Salt
Sand and Gravel
304
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Principal articles by
classes.
VI. Mineral produce con.
Stone, ornamental, gran
ite, marble, etc., un-
wrought ton
Stone, building, free
stone, limestone, etc. "
Stone for manufacture
of grindstones, rough "
Total stone
Other articles of the mine
VII. Miscellaneous produce.
Coffee Ib.
Dried fruits, n.e.s. . . "
Rice "
Rice meal "
Other miscellaneous ar
ticles
Coin :
Gold and silver. .
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911. 1912.
1913. 1914.
965
319
132
2,524
160
37,682
61,715
85,480 114,685
192,327
433
15
39,080
62,034
85,627
117,209
~
192,487
22,919
7,957
81,096
84,540
53,478
175 2,007 5,539
1,880
837,100 688,240 40,000
100
810,464
890,000
140,188
120,000
1,667,400
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
I. Agricultural produce.
Balsam
228,342
8,779
8,186,984
1,604,477
2,044,901
17,429
923,552
5,881
3,401,730
462,759
163,280
105,055
49,741,350
576
59,866,513
1,796,318
184,792
11,839
2,844,267
523,658
1,545,253
27,129
463,735
21,517
5,431,662
314,147
161,008
73,513
45,802,115
1,053
53,841,132
1,872,089
206,792
6,958
3,149,620
1,664,165
2,061,667
10,821
104,658
4,264
8,880,675
341,661
115,247
11,670
64,466,286
3,712
76,000,661
1,595,950
187,219
2,350
3.199,539
1,324,769
~
6,455,975
3,759
223,833
21,301
10,478,554
87,694
6,852
26,160
93,166,009
101,170
110,571,307
1,662,338
151,073
6,065
6,082,476
947,382
13,032,369
11,377
172,802
30,813
34,996.664
121,359
21,371
112,436
120,426,579
3,610
2,077,713
Cider
gal.
cwt.
Ib.
r
bbl.
Flax
Fruits
Apples, dried. . . .
Apples, green oi
ripe
Berries, all kinds
Canned or presen
All other
fed . . .
Total fruits . . .
Grain and products
Barley
of-
bush.
u
u
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
cwt.
Beans
Buckwheat
Indian corn
Oats
Peas, whole
Peas, split
Rve
Wheat
Other grains. . . .
Total grains. . .
Bran
Cereal foods
305
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
13. Exports of Canada to United States in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
VI. Mineral produce con.
Stone, ornamental, gran
ite, marble, etc., un-
wrought
$
8,610
$
2,533
$
1,590
$
1,889
$
5,396
Stone, building, freestone,
limestone, etc
18,232
20,009
24,996
29,110
93,007
Stone for manufacture of
grindstones, rough. . . .
-^}
2,023
22
Total stone
28,865
22,542
26,608
30,999
98,403
Other articles of the mine
VII. Miscellaneous produce,
Totals
Coffee
89,339
64,690
4,229
118,088
246,896
1,337
187,361
56,560
14,106
233,221
80,349
11,247
74,313
98,033
8,342
Dried fruits, n.e.s
20
45
433
216
Rice
14,069
11,486
960
.__
3
Rice meal
14,527
13,342
1,904
2,670
38,059
Other miscellaneous ar
ticles
. ->., v
31,845
220,686
39,157
66,432
51,413
Coin:
Gold and silver. .
1,015
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
I. Agricultural produce,
$
$
Balsam
Cider
Flax
Fruits
Apples, dried.
totals. 90,433,747 82,601,284107,143,375150,145,661
| 19,627 14,1701 6,997 7,377
! 27,445 27,707, 36,308 22,266
84,035 125,202 72,191 24,176
543,201 184,707 248,035 213,831
Apples, green or ripe. .
Berries, all kinds
Canned or preserved . .
All other
Total fruits
Grain and products of-
Barley
Beans
Buckwheat
Indian corn
Oats
Peas, whole
Peas, split
Rye
Wheat
Other grains
Total grains
Bran
Cereal foods. .
4,417,926
148,977
226,839
155,254
5,492,197
1,107,732
33,658
536,741
4,721
1,566,612
582,648
223,879
84,658
52,609,351
571
56,750,571
1,842,620
1,689,648
198,220,029
22,617
19,737
46,369
411,789
1,756,884 5,104,107
82,921 106,486
220,157 257,590
136,177; 159,293
2,380,846 5,875,511
4,047,806 3,465,475
100,019 91,935
220,786 394,719
96,741 220,147
4,679,183 4,584,065
831,195
47,828,
238,923
13,872
2,144,846!
490,595
200,898
46,416
45,521,134!
601
49,536,308
1,850,219|
1,830,146
1,324,300
22,110
62,306
4,869
3,819,642
446,430
147,477
7,685
62,590,563
2,550
68,427,932
1,499,447
2,309,989
3,851,660
9,826
118,575;
15,075
5,067,950;
199,125,
10,447
14,908
88,608,730
45,048
97,941,344
1,603,003
2,015,675
6,513,557
28,850
120,353
23,542
13,379,849
240,274
22,971
75,888
117,719.217
4,760
138,129,261
1,789,939
2,166,330
306
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910. 1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce
con.
Flour of wheat .... bbl.
3,064,028
1,067
247,297
19,132
13,107
191,098
2,746
232,479
1,734,437
4,533
112,761
1,997,648
68,881
5,011
274,796
1,923,595
1,283,210
2,059
155,327
21
2,741
390
88,236
22,871
3,049,046
1,475
126,240
3,331
11,995
326,132
1
156,679
1,376,191
3,612
211,118
2,696,119
78,586
.45,512
133,621
994,348
1,447,994
670
124,253
13
2,768
3,335
9,672
36,925
3,738,836
1,584
209,679
6,142
17,383
784,864
758
17,962
1,336,698
4,831
93,976
1,504,528
111,247
8,629
58,809
744,726
1,467,877
232
61,285
18
1,798
1,358
5,950
15,468
4,478,043
2,239
188,987
5,153
23,006
394,208
223,625
1,154,635
3,846
69,149
10,123,693
117,621
5,574
90,382
1,019,716
1,353,810
5,409
38,887
11
2,145
654
5,356
8,404
4,832,183
3,939
111,527
2,042
4,337
191,515
200
252,692
1,925,343
5,205
118,601
20,647,327
110,873
5,118
196,524
1,980,844
1,707,062
20,782
198,147
82
3,486
28,207
13,324
7,219
Indian rneal
Oatmeal
Meal all other "
Malt bush.
Total, flour, meal and
malt
Hav ton.
Hemp . ... cwt.
Hops lb.
Maple sugar . ...
Maple syrup g^l-
Seeds-
Clover bush.
Flaxseed
Grass
All other
Total seeds
Straw ton.
Tobacco leaf lb.
Trees, shrubs and plants.
Vegetables-
Canned or preserved. . .
Potatoes bush.
Turnips "
All other
Total vegetables ....
All other agricultural pro
ducts
II. Animals and their pro
duce.
Animals, living-
Cattle, one year old or
less NO.
Cattle, over 1 yr. old "
Horses, lyr. old or less "
Horses, over 1 yr. old "
Hogs "
Sheep, 1 yr. old or less "
Sheep, over 1 yr. old "
Poultry and other n.e.s . .
Total animals, living.
307
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912. 1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce
con.
Flour of wheat
I
14,859,854
3,506
1,123,861
56,192
11,328
16,054,741
1,805,849
13,462
24,726
129,046
4,331
844,294
3,642,476
78,729
37,298
4,602,797
25,933
76,564
31,927
57,560
1,133,267
176,556
166,845
1,534,228
224,000
53,926,515
24,534
$
13,854,790
4,517
518,032
9,659
10,888
14,397,886
2,723,291
13
19,740
117,202
3,366
1,656,815
6,144,622
213,158
44,788
8,059,383
19,225
37,401
13,860
28,797
622,592
208,611
243,193
1,103,193
342,126
52,244,174
15,494
8,521,979
1,550
599,736
49,403
48,287
238,550
123,886
9,598,885
$
16,034,064
4,740
897,739
20,327
18,915
16,975,785
6,373,590
3,136
2,129
110.400
5,291
839,633
2,842,242
205,917
112,231
4,000,023
41,775
25,944
25,140
27,049
573,810
248,855
165,046
1,014,760
337,027
48,210,654
3,116
4,095,063
1,075
390,524
10,028
27,276
95,203
97,628
4,719,913
19,970,689
7,767
837,079
17,836
15,723
20,849,094
3,950,058
42,407
104,324
4,151
738,377
16,448,899
124,949
44,831
17,357,056
29,170
24,410
24,905
24,959
749,363
164,565
85,223
1,024,110
442,952
44,784,593
53,824
2,183,311
2,360
526,685
5,162
30,078
51,175
97,082
2,949,677
$
20,581,079
14,639
488,589
7,534
4,256
21,096,097
1,787,050
190
57,890
159,619
5,284
1,094,330
24,816,333
106,708
58,631
26,076,002
28,964
66,126
34,224
17,655
1,127,541
309,582
123,479
1,578,257
572,008
53,349,119
252,078
7,654,716
4,067
779,564
446,430
70,719
57,774
189,735
9,455,083
Indian meal
Oatmeal
Mpfll all other
Malt
Total flour, meal and
malt
Hav
--LdJ< . .
HernD ....
Hops
TVTanle suo ar
Maple syrup
Seeds
Clover
Flaxseed
Grass
All other
Total seeds . ...
Straw
Tobacco leaf
Trees, shrubs and plants. .
Vegetables
Canned or preserved . . .
Potatoes
Turnips
All other
Total vegetables ....
All other agricultural
products
II. Animals and their pro
duce totals
Animals, living-
Cattle, one year old or
less
Cattle, over one year old
Horses, one year old or
]ess
10,767,622
6,245
547,622
7,844
416,909
190,831
146,364
12,107,971
Horses, over one year old
Hogs. .
Sheep, one year old or less
Sheep, over one year old
Poultry and other, n.e.s . .
Total animals, living.
308
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the. five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their
produce con.
Animal products-
Meats, viz.
Bacon Ib.
45,576,883
1,318,397
3,260,806
70,232
598,981
2,487
1,696,718
8,145,080
73.006
4,615,380
180.859,886
160,650
2,282,442
5,657
1,483,280
6,916,283
2,150
133,515
314,884
2,320,746
375,758
775,140
56,068,607
974,411
3,805,918
17,865
417,577
23,435
418,745
2,482,183
58,682
3 ; 142, 682
181,895,724
92,164
1,254,183
6,284
179,159
6,584,828
1,881,923
36,684
52,401
29,613
1.196,924
585,951
773,401
58,979,963
948,771
3,124,595
49,107
434,480
11.026
238,403
11,263,905
40,099
8,844,402
1.021,197
163,450,684
203,231
2,152,044
3,878
199,044
4,389,350
894,037
131,277
40,007
1,617.985
747,336
1,282,970
658,624
36,212,190
1,570,979
2,476,654
45,914
521,533
6,098
254,937
3,126,799
44,085
828,323
349,865
155,216,392
147,419
4,302,192
5,027
46,638
335,849
828,299
194,525
43,075
1,995,433
976,606
309,367
705,246
23,859,754
13,133,205
1,890,182
65,167
1,811,204
638,583
2,849,082
65,183
1,228,750
270,483
144,478,346
124,002
4,088,872
16,069
125,619
9,339,382
1,631,117
240,358
2,348,750
2,841,184
2,052,064
746,482
Beef "
Hams "
Mutton "
Pork "
Poultry, dressed
or undressed . . . .
Game, dressed or
undressed
Tongues Ib
Canned "
All other, n.e.s. . . "
Total meats
Other animal products-
Bones cwt .
Butter Jb.
Casein "
Cheese "
Eggs. , .doz.
Furs, dressed
Furs, undressed
Grease and grease
scraps Ib.
Glue stock
Hair
Hides and skins, other
than fur
Horns and hoofs
Honey Ib
Lard "
Milk and cream, con
densed "
Milk and cream,
fresh gal .
Oils, Neat s foot and
other "
Sausage casinsrs
Sheep pelts NO
Tallow Ib
Wool "
All other
Total other animal
products
III. Fisheries produce.
Codfish, including had
dock, ling and pollock,
fresh Ib
Codfish, dry salted. cwt.
309
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years, 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their
produce con.
Animal products-
Meats, viz.
Bacon
$
6,431 359
$
8 019 454
$
7 520 362
$
5 350 845
$
3 763 195
Beef
109 993
91,884
86 596
135 111
1 127 908
Hams
416,886
506,978
399 329
322,669
269 911
Mutton
7 804
2 134
4 178
6 742
10 804
Pork
48 780
46 087
49 301
57 960
202 391
Poultry, dressed or
undressed
32.432
21,044
13,420
20867
73 97^
Game, dressed or un
dressed
6 244
4 018
3 169
3 139
4 831
Tongues
264
1 781
1 315
914
Canned
193,479
56,152
24,312
26 718
94 961
All other, n.e.s
766,439
252,027
1,210,856
338,971
266 879
Total meats
8,013,680
9,001.559
9,312,838
6 263,936
5,814 852
Other animal products-
Bones
72,095
69,731
53,276
64 503
94 586
Butter
1 010 274
744 288
2 077 916
223 578
309 046
Casein
38 302
15 342
11 071
Cheese
21,607,692
20,739 507
20,888,818
20,697 144
18 868 785
Eges.
41 766
24 676
56 724
35 519
37 150
Furs, dressed
35371
24.576
43,107
15 306
11,550
Furs, undressed
3,680,949
4,253,168
3,798,406
5,150,833
5,557,926
Grease and grease
scraps
171,363
92,799
65,656
116,172
116.116
Glue stock
8,872
4 474
10,421
27 472
26 719
Hair
172,583
165,728
171,432
205 999
237 100
Hides and skins, other
than fur
5,430,591
4,607 ; 545
5,064,472
7,196,250
9,090,687
Horns and hoofs
8,924
12,973
20,057
26,976
16,634
Honey
621
816
592
598
1 842
Lard
133,268
22,414
23,105
5,517
11 519
Milk and cream, con
densed
541,372
469,406
305,678
25,554
666,941
Milk and cream, fresh . . .
Oil, Neat s foot and
other
1,155
1,719,919
33,929
793,662
118,655
752,535
222,746
1,337,325
247,143
Sausage casings
269,558
324,805
366,931
Sheep pelts
77,594
34,186
25,415
43,812
137,688
Tallow
16,279
1,996
109,466
123,424
157,987
Wool
538,077
257,776
148,418
193,500
648,675
All other
256,018
363,823
94,767
103,395
125,763
Total other animal
products
33,804,864
33,643,730
34,177,903
35,570,980
38,079,184
III. Fisheries produce, totals
Codfish, including had
dock, ling and pollock,
fresh
15,663,162
11,550
15,675,544
16,176
16,704,678
47,425
16,336,721
14 509
20,623,560
66,149
Codfish, drv salted
3,565,757
4,274,329
4,135,532
4,301,644
4,564,731
310
TRADE AND COMMERCE
14. Exports of Canada to AH Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
III. Fisheries produce con.
Codfish, wet, salteol
and pickled .... cwt.
13,573
722
1,573,554
20,083,326
360,842
211,586
2,953,688
81,173
9,687,529
2,255,634
10,320
27,539
1,999,360
2,253
34,656,097
47,526
396,850
6,542,002
16,836
1,029,971
39,213
4,861
163,443
6,040
1,085,795
91,073
1,346,351
15,701
1,463
2,597,581
10,539,295
189,783
99,776
1,696,724
35,941
9,609,874
1,420,982
864
9,281
2,406,818
10,531
25,635,892
25,893
558,213
7,625,897
41,271
1,908,106
41,745
1,841
133,123
16,631
1,352,253
88,433
1,590,440
t
12,952
1,690
2,328,290
14
33,437,708
167,154
131,348
2,668,679
44,181
9,928,948
1,031,143
9,443
2,053,275
1,118
30,192,923
54,136
16,612
243,383
7,894,854
10,485
2,519,551
54,201
7,201
130,211
9,907
2,422,845
56,436
2,619,399
12,701
2,078
2,902,899
27,572,036
231,430
34,653
3,258,231
39,340
9,249,796
3,118,541
13,867
2,637,166
1,881
23,001,532
8,017,075
7,860
264,771
8,306,622
14,739
2,602,586
67,352
1,297
150,358
30,148
1,618,327
94,145
1,892,978
18,854
198,535
4,610,345
5
10,662,576
342,147
32,640
3,606,225
4,943,930 ]
8,271,662
4,047,121
29,444
4,432,562
45,100
61,097,424
3,403,658
48,058
712,045
1,960,857
21,598
3,088,747
6,028,034
85,868
700
373,517
858
662,451
129,778
1,166,604
Codfish tongues and
sounds bbl.
Total codfish
Halibut fresh Ib.
Halibut, pickled. . . . bbl.
Total halibut
Herring, fresh or
frozen Ib.
Herring, pickled. . . . bbl.
Herring, canned. ... Ib.
Herring, smoked ... "
Total herring
Lobsters fresh bbl.
Lobsters, canned. . . Ib.
Total lobsters . ...
Mackerel fresh Ib.
Mackerel, canned.. . "
Mackerel, pickled., .bbl.
Total mackerel
Oysters
Salmon fresh .... Ib.
Salmon, smoked. . . .
Salmon canned
Salmon dog
Salmon, pickled. . . .bbl.
Total salmon . . .
Salmon or lake trout Ib.
Sea fish, other, fresh "
Sea fish, other, pick
led bbl.
Sea fish, other, pre
served Ib.
Total sea fish, other
Smelts Ib.
Fish bait and clams. bbl.
Fish, all other, fresh
Fish, all other, pick
led bbl.
Fish oil, cod gal.
Fish oil, seal "
Fish oil, whale "
Fish oil, other "
Total fish oil. "
Furs or skins, the produce
of fish or marine ani
mals
Other articles of the fish
eries .
>Lb.
311
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by .
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
III. Fisheries produce con.
Codfish, wet salted and
pickled.
$
29,830
$
61,276
$
55,082
47,118
$
76,350
Codfish tongues and
sounds
12,716
37,374
32,687
53,350
34,872
Total codfish
3,619,853
4,389,155
4,270,726
4,416,621
4,742,102
Halibut fresh
84,153
139,131
129,761
147,343
282,304
Halibut pickled
137
24
Total halibut
84,153
139,131
129,898
147,343
282,328
Herring, fresh or frozen. .
Herring pickled
170,853
823,275
142,879
489,174
300,617
495,200
204,571
610,291
143,116
793,401
Herring canned
7,124
4,923
1,553
1,755
1,834
Herring smoked
72,255
45,494
60,791
91,846
89,931
Total herring
1,073,507
682,470
858,161
908,463
1,028,282
Lobsters fresh
528,341
529,377
566,946
629,031
707,486
Lobsters canned
2,619,156
2,735,917
3,080,578
3,048,798
2,983,987
Total lobsters
3,147,497
3,265,294
3,647,524
3,677,829
3,691,473
Alackerel fresh
119,919
89,730
68,175
175,488
216,516
Alackerel canned
1,720
108
Mackerel pickled
305,713
136,838
136,550
177,276
343,692
Total mackerel
427,352
226,676
204,725
352,764
560,208
Oysters
2,798
2,301
5,854
6,457
4,060
Salmon fresh
190,658
214,466
200,053
250,200
364,564
Salmon smoked
211
704
158
216
7,116
Salmon canned
4,368,005
3,668,584
3,830,178
3,484,110
6,631,437
Salmon, dog
1,780
120,125
42,193
Salmon pickled
328,758
208,156
280,290
173,326
372,019
Total salmon
4,887,632
4,091,910
4,312,459
4,027,977
7,417,329
Salmon or lake trout
Sea fish, other, fresh
21,288
394,061
29,724
401,577
14,678
453,828
14,614
486,284
39,035
96,109
Sea fish, other, pickled.. .
Sea fish, other, preserved
Total sea fish, other
Smelts
70,856
42,700
507,617
129,878
72,379
603,834
65,732
62,754
582,314
70,491
102,983
659,758
113,642
145,144
354,895
332,792
Fish bait and clams . . .
86,436
115,693
102,475
94,486
140,567
Fish all other, fresh. . . .
1,275,372
1,344,049
1,285,017
1,318,868
1,477,027
Fish, all other, pickled. . .
Fish oil cod . ...
45,570
40,494
18,850
44,557
48,557
55,681
13,962
51,813
8,381
112,790
Fish oil, seal
2,141
5,625
4,665
10,885
269
Fish oil, whale
324,998
374,402
988,189
532,396
293,894
Fish oil, other
18,790
31,082
27,766
33,061
40,799
Total fish oil ....
386,423
455,666
1,076,301
628,155
447,752
Furs or skins, the produce
of fish or marine ani
mals
68,056
244,029
56,850
28,044
45,203
Other articles of the fish
eries
29,668
66,762
109,139
41,380
52,126
312
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
<
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce.
Ashes, pot and pearl, bbl.
Ashes, other
685
747
754
550
434
Total ashes
_
Bark for tanning .... cord
Firewood "
15,087
18,555
12,949
19,446
7,909
17 793
5,802
16 700
4,833
16 403
Knees and futtocks. . NO.
Lathwood cord
13,274
1,924
4,772
400
7,845
324
14,139
895
30,526
72
Logs-
Elm M. ft.
1,298
1 684
942
861
Hemlock "
2,024
905
1 959
922
Oak "
4
17
Pine "
1,328
4 726
7 967
1 567
Spruce "
12,047
13 760
8 644
4 066
All other
96,331
103,441
66 591
93 802
Total logs "
113,032
124,516
86 120
101 218
Lumber
Basswood "
3,074
4,010
2 051
1 009
687
Battens
Deals, pine..std. hund.
Deals, spruce and
other "
25,385
158,789
24,232
158 535
18,148
154 262
19,956
m835
20,382
149 638
Deal ends "
9,147
8,291
7,749
6 086
7 124
Laths M.
762,671
700,041
671 092
700 789
608 921
Palings "
101
4,308
4 646
80
2 909
Pickets "
46,353
35,053
30,859
39 722
Planks and boards M. ft.
Scantling "
1,255,275
99,104
1,127,723
88,902
1,056,440
87,848
1,148,940
106 312
999,079
87 233
Shingles M.
938,612
735,557
598,475
564 019
689 150
Shooks, box and other
Staves and headings. . .
All other lumber, n.e.s.
Total lumber
Match blocks
Masts and spars .... NO.
Piling.
983
481
727
319
299
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other
Post, cedar, tamarac and
other
Shingle bolts, pine or ce
dar cord
16 533
10 894
9 799
7 853
13 582
Sleepers and railroad
ties . NO
1 894 475
1 051 272
801 837
562 175
Stave bolts cord
49
60
313
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce totals
Ashes pot and pearl . .
$
47,517,033
27,763
$
45,439,057
33,998
$
40,892,674
32,102
$
43,255,060
25,437
$
42,792,137
19,218
Ashes, other .
61,972
61,124
42.767
36,703
29,644
Total ashes . t
89,735
95,122
74,869
62,140
48,862
Bark for tanning
83,264
78,138
46,708
29,842
25,577
Firewood
47,016
46,366
58,633
49,419
49,608
Knees and futtocks
7,556
3,068
6.631
20,597
33,404
Lath wood
10,310
1,600
1,134
3,392
258
Logs
Elm
19,313
23,983
12,939
14,640
33,721
Hemlock
15,273
7,581
17,339
7,539
11,276
Oak
50
401
811
Pine
19,871
26,610
69,425
24,371
62,743
Spruce
123,463
152,327
72,708
45,874
95,483
All other. . . .
821,711
982,750
594,680
936,032
614,355
Total logs
999,681
1,193,251
767,492
1,028,456
818,389
Lumber
Basswood
70,446
93,444
62,888
24,595
14,992
Battens
57,921
39,297
17,625
5,426
Deals, pine
1,653,437
1,564,518
1,416,909
1,386,708
1,408,709
Deals, spruce and other
Deal ends
6,461,280
367,154
6,939,010
344,211
6,013,051
314,095
5,513,543
228,399
6,547,854
294,195
Laths
1,882,950
1,706,035
1,732,294
1,789,969
1,699,221
Palings
1,019
73,232
12,620
805
20,657
Pickets
222,968
191,993
184.247
214,355
206,573
Planks and boards
23,252,705
21,509,769
19,339,728
20,839,098
19,514,128
Scantling
1,295,365
1,202,832
1,180,905
1,454,238
1,264.881
Shingles
2,331,443
1,685,761
1,481,488
1,409,116
1,775,619
Shocks, box and other
Staves and headings. . .
All other lumber, n.e.s.
Total lumber
240,721
94,479
558,588
38,490,476
289,074
104,933
391,864
36,135,973
243,103
85,534
282,177
32,366,664
265,042
57,707
249,514
33.433,089
189,777
70,249
260,595
33,272,876
Match blocks
40,458
62,801
2,727
4,557
6,739
Masts and spars
4,544
3,960
6,138
4,624
3,499
Piling.
131.518
171,748
202,754
130,600
176,959
Poles, hop, hoop, tele
graph and other
56,177
78,085
74,190
66,908
127,354
Posts, cedar, tamarac and
other
46,930
34,228
30,229
24,142
Shingle bolts, pine or ce
dar
72,764
37,002
31,875
27,769
47,132
Sleepers and railroad ties
Stave bolts. ...
422,214
124
357,261
232,169
679
195,901
247,996
314
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910. 1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Timber, square-
Ash ton.
380
11,324
2,097
23
653
4,400
18,020
2,670
39,567
965,271
17,848
3,515
13,363
11,818
4,416
5,155
182
8,019,400
2,591
384
48,858
2,250,586
247
9,185
5,673
6,307
3
19,055
1,198
41,668
936,791
22,449
7,606
16,475
17,637
9,453
11,610
181
29
6,055,800
2,294
10,806,024
502
59,943
707,699
64
13,516
3,295
7,659
1,631
20,894
2,020
49,079
879,775
18,923
6,659
13,826
20,079
5,917
10,438
100
386
6,897
10,442,900
2,902
14,605,180
290
15,072
621,249
104
18,698
3,225
3
974
1,856
26,289
1,763
52,912
1,003,597
18,935
4,215
16,024
15,197
4,247
6,155
70
714
5,342
15,022,700
2,296
10,248,031
706
62,028
264,328
1,089,384
10,904
26,503
5,293
29,276
14,331
7,329
9,764
21
1,928
7,180
13,084,500
2,029
4,690,820
1,048
73,299
356,081
Birch "
Elm "
Maple "
Oak "
Pine red
Pine white
All other .... "
Total timber, square
Wood, blocks and other,
for pulp cord
Other articles of the
forest
V. Manufactures.
Agricultural implements,
viz.
Drills NO.
Mowing machines. . . "
-r
Reapers
FTarvestprs
Ploughs
Harrows
PTav rakes
Seeders
Threshing machines
Cultivators
All other
Parts of
Total
Aluminium, pigs, bars,
ingots etc lb.
Books, pamphlets, maps,
etc
Biscuits and bread.. cwt.
Binder twine lb.
Bricks M.
Brooms and whisks . .
Buttons
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc.
Charcoal
Cement
Clay, manufactures of . . . .
Clothing and wearing
apparel
Coke ton
Cordage, rope and twine
Cotton fabrics . .. . yd.
315
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
i
1914.
IV. Forest produce con.
Timber, square-
Ash.
1
5,689
134,358
48,953
182
16,878
134,412
562,258
31,993
934,723
6,076,628
2,915
31,494,916
614,912
202,618
1,371,843
328,090
72,589
150,690
6,811
1,120,505
451,327
4,319,385
1,202,723
274,183
20,853
2,371
872
35,632
4,849
97,380
8,259
185,892
217,414
801,944
287,246
*
4,169
117,006
157,996
151,229
33
598,774
14,259
1,043,466
6,092,715
4,273
35,283,118
766,146
448,888
1,694,600
557,731
124,513
363,538
14,714
8,576
1,271,047
662,022
5,911,775
906,976
343,589
20,135
787,251
4,364
586
49,928
6,095
2,571
1,477
251,679
255,981
73,236
134,990
$
1,067
162,657
119,638
135,683
39,578
784,930
24,758
1,268,311
5,697,901
23,570
35,836,284
649,630
418,634
1,433,377
511,716
96,670
316,953
8,402
93,676
160,475
1,350,903
751,777
5,792,213
1,356,807
300,653
21,704
964,689
2,478
60,144
778
24,223
8,231
3,742
1,891
247,907
65,532
57,224
104,044
$
2,205
231,182
78,827
52
25,826
64,144
940,894
20,070
1,363,200
6,806,445
3,979
43,692,708
665,551
247,304
1,718,052
479,828
104,022
137,150
7,040
213,265
111,091
2,022,981
659,540
6,365,824
1,631,287
377,686
14,996
869,028
9,251
38,348
536
11,239
11,338
2,861
3,864
316,709
269,383;
31,282
53,883
$
3,414
133,805
78,742
72,479
12,150
205,106
30,499
536,195
7,388,770
8,519
57,443,452
663,437
903,889
301,610
3,068,797
408,883
126,853
293,788
1,140
712,270
182,953
388,956
879,214
7,931,790
1,885,074
496,579
16,227
453,530
8,454
16,989
1,144
13,353
3,073
2,393
36,628
446,524
332,685
60,127
82,636
Birch
Elm
Maple
Oak
Pine, red
Pine, white
All other . ...
Total timber, square...
Wood, blocks and other, for
puln
Other articles of the
forest
V. Manufactures, totals ....
Agricultural implements,
viz.
Drills
Mowing machines
Reapers
Harvesters
Ploughs
Harrows
Hay rakes
Seeders
Threshing machines
Cultivators
All other
Parts of
Total
Aluminium, pigs, bars,
ingots, etc
Books, pamphlets, maps,
etc
Biscuits and bread
Binder twine
Bricks
Brooms and whisks. . . .
Buttons
Cartridges, gun, rifle, etc.
Charcoal
Cement
Clay, manufactures of. ...
Clothing and wearing ap
parel
Coke
Cordage, rope and twine
Cotton fabrics
316
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Cotton, other
2,038,259
7 7 967
838,017
6,346
460,881
15,527
807
4,530
268,500
1,695,704
4,094
1,136,365
8,976
144,570
21,882
1,115
5,378
346,472
1,042,063
2,995
1,173,990
5,716
99,287
14,459
1,195
4,856
380,197
1,724,713
2,409
. 601,168
6,994
486,391
22,532
1,465
3,647
423,457
511,399
1,969
5,061,919
9,310
851,279
7,055
1,265
3,126
99,523
Cotton waste Ib.
Drugs, chemicals and
medicines, n.e.s
Dye stuffs
Electrical apparatus
Electrotypes
Extract of hemlock bark
bbl.
Explosives and fulminates
n.e.s Ib.
Fertilizers
Fur, manufactures of
Glass and glassware, n.e.s.
Grindstones, manufac
tured
Gypsum or plaster,
ground
Hats and caps
Household effects, n.e.s. .
Ice
India rubber, manufac
tures of
India rubber waste . . Ib.
Iron and steel and mfs. of-
Castings, n.e.s
Gas buoys and parts of
Hardware and tools
Machinery
Pig iron ton
Scrap iron or steel. cwt.
Sewing machines. . NO.
Steel and manufactures
of
Stoves NO.
Typewriters "
Total iron and steel
and manufactures
of
Jewellers sweepings. . .
Jewellery of all kinds ....
Junk cwt.
Lamps and lanterns
Leather
Boots and shoes
Harness and saddlery. .
including metallic and rubber.
317
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910 to 1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Cotton, other
$
27,250
- $
32,877
$
73,620
$
23,675
$
24,591
Cotton waste
69,820
49,727
35,507
46,993
22,969
Drugs, chemicals and
medicines
1,573,575
1,854,136
1,597,792
1,746,528
1.688,778
Dye stuffs
3,868
3,455
5.394
14,087
6,583
Electrical apparatus. . . .
27,743
50,578
48^897
62,756
106,816
Electrotypes
2,408
4,139
11,811
3,774
4,719
Extract of hemlock bark
Explosives and fulminates
n.e.s
97,950
312,009
49,012
308,048
35,728
163,646
24,480
101,090
23,771
228,312
Fertilizers
371,315
456,827
944,980
1,677,703
2,539 789
Fur, manufactures of . . . .
30,464
32,366
38,189
69,768
53,070
Glass and glassware, n.e.s
Grindstones, manufac
tured
17,153
13,754
19,663
23,914
20,894
28,127
25,013
27,118
32,453
54,584
Gypsum or plaster,
ground
2,987
12,514
4,151
7,552
14,225
Hats and caps
8,440
11,881
17,129
20,633
21,521
Household effects, n.e.s. .
Ice
2,274,005
28,117
1,962,627
7,068
1,903,290
6,729
2,212,633
7,797
2,841,408
15,922
India rubber, manufac
tures of
225,472
216,003
270,500
272,346
272,278
India rubber waste
413,953
Iron and steel and mfs. of
Castings, n.e.s
33,726
49,363
31,890
40,608
46,648
Gas buoys and parts of
Hardware and tools. . . .
Machinery . .
100,085
461,527
142,091
371,626
83,411
130,479
394,598
87,916
144,405
535,442
18,832
201,319
444,456
Pig iron
228,183
298,346
262,393
330,002
347,347
Scrap iron or steel . . .
324,516
117,095
58,351
236,181
458,800
Sewing machines
160,336
239,114
162,947
249,971
98,648
Steel and manufactures
of
853,458
1,038,106
769,250
933,754
968,074
Stoves
11, .504
18,161
18,989
24,963
20,618
Typewriters ... .
302,647
371,473
311,771
261,671
204,502
Total iron and steel
and manufactures
of
2,475,982
2,645,375
2,224,079
2,844,913
2,809,244
Jewellers sweepings . .
73,749
106,745
117,621
164,294
185,081
Jewellery of all kinds. . . .
Junk
716,947
774,092
98,120
1,036,911
117.391
1,706,787
113,589
203,302 1
Lamps and lanterns
5,818
16,420
10,132
10,737
11,268
Leather
Boots and shoes
48,923
45,046
36,841
42,177
82,529
Harness and saddlery. .
15,720
14,778
17,937
13,259
21,288
Not including metallic and rubber.
318
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to AH Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Leather con.
Leather, n.e.s. ... lb.
Sole
Upper
Other manufactures of .
Total leather
Lime
Liquors-
Ale and beer gal.
/T "
Gm
Whiskey
Wines
Wood alcohol
Otherspirits, n.e.s.
Total liquors...
Metals-
Brass, old and scrap cwt .
Copper, old & scrap.
Metallic shingles and,
laths and corrugated
roofing
Metals, n.o.p. .
Musical instruments-
Organs NO.
Pianos
Other and parts of ...
Total musical instru
ments
Oil cake cwt.
Oil, n.e.s gal.
Paper, viz.:
Paper, wall roll.
Paper, felt
Paper, wrapping. . lb.
Paper, printing . . .
Paper, n.e.s
Total paper
Paints and varnishes
Paintings, all kinds
Plumbago, mfs. of
Photographs
Rags lb.
Ships sold to other
countries ton
Soap lb.
Starch
Stationery
Stone, granite, marble.
etc., dressed
522,532 674,147
4,558,136 6,507,606
583,444 777,945
4,220
111
327,925
4,842:
258,301
33,310
628,709
1,932
154
314,076
19,533
475,700
7,557
818,952
2,764
227
466,448
1,778,196
i
387,905^
37,772>
289,892
2,507
246
375,440
2,701,983
604,428
50,959
285,864
38,907,127 36,313,700
1,108 1,039
650,313 584,006
115,276 184,367
979,071 1,203,641
6,165,246 3,589,599
896,216
1,593
79
298,434
4,207
477,537
7,211
789,061
417,004
2,600,577
7,973,368
367,197
2,470
23
329,387
3,782
839,493
3,728
1,178,886
10,287
3,091
337,357
6,985
457,757
438
815,915
40,204
29,001
2,940
219
419,873
1,441,257
826,126
49,466
2,794
237
691,280
1,741,621
746,075
54,126
152,969| 2,965,043
- 1293,583,"
303 585
2,212
196
604,670
1,617,537
550,433
49,301
18,252,017
,157,900
42,566,097
1,908
46,602,000
2,825
545,212; 559,646
133,540 28,797
54,774,900
6,080
445,814
160,473
319
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Leather con.
Leather n e s
$
130,958
993,542
171,980
18,458
1,379,581
53,863
2,687
185
1,010,657
8,232
129,378
17,813
1,168,952
116,166
154,899
53,548
7,687
216,134
625,381
121,423
28,384
23,539
9,098
2,612,243
482,832
3,156,096
68,507
10,203
5,077
514,327
58,470
28,198
5,418
23,380
26,144
S
122,461
1,582,394
210,424
23,852
1,998,955
40,479
935
275
988,753
13,104
188,461
5,886
1,197,414
146,276
162,270
59,954
4,138
226,362
540,119
238,289
42,626
40,180
6,689
3,092,437
730,264
3,912,196
69,266
71,413
6,450
534,258
55,185
25,125
9,845
31,358
2,760
$
171,186
1,441,585
170,138
12,775
1,850,462
42,337
1,014
181
929,763
6,493
200,310
28,266
1,166,027
229,947
224,601
51,280
4,095
279,976
659,431
114,477
62,185
35,065
7,308
3,291 ,926
470,635
3,867,119
73,958
47,766
26,978
6,648
561,943
56,000
23,955
3,223
40,320
1,232
$
276,107
974,497
102,869
14,674
1,423,583
29,999
1,095
50
1,026,920
6,075
309,625
4,881
1,348,646
229,832
189,824
56,283
7,905
254,012
1,074,701
215,202
59,174
38,052
100,612
5,692,126
434,846
6,324,810
128,520
162,878
52,403
10,053
675,068
107,850
23,947
1,282
70,046
3,407
$
617,179
2,336,491
113,916
42,538
3,213,941
28,610
3,530
2,507
1,038,365
4,408
256,869
787
1,306,466
371,549
377,012
161,404
460,917
144,620
51,408
86,679
282,707
832,394
237,854
45,328
50,131
615,310
11,386,845
577,422
12,675,036
133,356
134,006
40,076
8,806
820,644
128,493
27,400
7,927
67,211
7,179
Sole
Upper
Other manufactures of .
Total leather
Lime
Liquors-
Ale and beer
Gin
Whiskey
Wines
Wood alcohol
Other spirits n e s
Total liquors
Metals-
Brass, old and scrap. . .
Copper, old and scrap. .
Metallic shingles and
laths and corrugated
roofing
Mptflls n o D
Musical instruments
Organs
Pianos
Other and parts of
Total musical instru
ments
Oil cake
Oil nes
Paper, viz.:
Paper, wall
Paper felt
Paper, wrapping
Paper, printing
Paper, n.e.s
Total, paper
Paints and varnishes
Paintings of all kinds ....
Plumbago, mfs. of
Photographs
Rags . .
Ships sold to other coun
tries
Soap
Starch
Stationery
Stone, granite, marble^
etc., dressed
320
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14 , Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Sugar all kinds .... Ib.
85,580
201,865
74
26
384,834
37,572
496
346
310
882
176
83
528
22,202
5,903,456
29,025
43,124
57
28
538,394
46,889
3,658
627
952
498
212
78
325
16,091
6,588.655
290,185
127,020
130
96
518,154
10,658
6,526
1,891
1,064
1,061
152
99
239
27,914
5,858,807
71,236
183,759
61
34
770,290
45,495
1,685
3,766
1,138
383
119
92
170
23,493
5,862,176
1,909
153,520
32
51
767,626
10,267
1,275
6,306
544
1,692
177
97
330
12,405
6,331,803
Sugar-house syrup . . gal.
Tar
Tin manufactures of ....
Tobacco-
Cigars M.
Cigarettes
Stems and cuttings Ib .
All other, n.e.s ... "
Total tobacco . . .
Tow cwt .
Vehicles
Automobiles NO.
Automobiles, parts of. .
Carriages NO.
Carriages, parts of
Carts NO.
Wagons
Bicycles "
Bicycles parts of ...
Other vehicles
Vinegar gal .
Wood-
Barrels, empty. . . NO.
Household furniture. . .
Doors, sashes and
blinds
Matches, and match
splints
Mouldings, trimmings
and other householc
furnishings
Pails, tubs, churns anc
other hollow wooden-
ware
Spool wood and spools
Wood pulp cwt .
Other manufactures o:
Total wood and mfs
of
Woollens
Other articles of manu
factures
321
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Sugar, all kinds, n.e.s. . . .
Sugar-house syrup
$
6,213
13,767
$
1,525
6,112
$
9,580
9,474
I
2,631
13,338
$
126
10,779
Tar
82,607
58,422
41,775
69,969
35,827
Tin, manufactures of
43,610
18,626
43,256
62,100
53,683
Tobacco
Cigars
1,951
1,330
2,582
2,538
1,373
Cigarettes . . . .
32
242
604
302
203
Stems and cuttings ....
All other, n.e.s
15,485
14,870
28,217
18,860
41,579
5,866
52,514
15,859
55,685
7,773
Total tobacco
32,338
48,649
50,631
71,213
65,034
Tow
2,333
13,314
30,455
8,612
3,267
Vehicles
Automobiles
405,011
*
595,746
1,443,911
2,284,820
3,571,862
Automobiles, parts of. .
Carriages
25,384
52,745
82,092
54,291
99,709
57,146
235,857
37,232
Carriages, parts of
46,841
91,362
54,140
64,121
34,687
Carts
32,243
25,499
39,073
11,003
51,093
Wagons
10,104
12,280
7,855
6,184
9,406
Bicycles
2,655
2,919
6,372
9,124
8,255
Bicycles, parts of
71,670
64,137
57,197
39,768
10,236
Other vehicles
55,882
306,504
230,256
51,855
55,945
Vinegar
175
116
54
35
82
Wood-
Barrels, empty
27,682
15,703
18,100
28,903
14,228
Household furniture . . .
Doors, sashes and
blinds
255,232
29,169
252,336
20,326
335,354
22,176
381,506
11,283
411,074
20,699
Matches and match
splints
121,365
85,663
10 679
2,436
334
Mouldings, trimmings,
and other household
furnishings
3,555
1,786
2 817
1,767
5,601
Pails, tubs, churns and
other hollow wooden-
ware
13,349
15,050
7 316
6,865
4,553
Spool wood and spools
Wood pulp
80,977
5,204,597
95,052
5,715 532
54,146
5 094 305
57,373
5,509^544
27,056
6,364,824
Other manufactures of
Total wood and mfs.
of
358,918
6,094,844
459,.858
6,661,306
477,924
6,022,817
426,596
6,426,273
396,842
7,245,211
Woollens
62,648
43,614
59,955
69,439
81,555
Other articles of manu
factures
1,111 442
786 392
835 794
1,013,546
1,134,895
322
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14 .Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
VI. Mineral produce.
Arsenic lb .
3,967,513
64,038
5
1,826,339
1,160
11,494
335,916
57,536,116
6,222,061
12,223,254
30,615,886
2,218
! 29,967,599
875,451
1,121,596
58,152
9,093
9,093
37
31,53.
11,31
42,892
89,
2,814,187
69,829
.2,315,171
15
15,964
359,217
54,925,686
79,656
36.800
3,16l ,247
34,767,523
84
33,731,010
815,301
3,549,028
18,761
4,370,077
76,316
68
1,494,756
16,639
357,502
54,426,980
113,940
71,961
33,230,708
48
30,882,716
765,830
5,503,150
19,985
1,934
1,934
1
1,227
37,657
12
7,629
46,576
3
3,492,209
91,820
2,055,993
13,376
379,393
80,947,219
2,717,201
305,600
48,168,090
89
35,264,018
906,912
4,866,890
10,931
18,500
40,641
59,141
1,813
135,587
8
15,976
153,384
2,948,700
105,971
28,433
1,498,820
18,898
395,952
83,250,198
274,760
50,580,536
153
36,758,276
707,934
3,951,900
1,757
3,650
21,793
25,443
831
113,650
11,437
125,918
187
Asbestos ton
Asbestos sand
Barytes, ground and
unground cwt.
Coal ... .... ton
Chromite (chr. iron)
Feldspar
Gold-bearing quartz, dust,
Tvuffffpts etc
Gypsum or plaster,
crude ton .
Metals
Copper, fine, contained
in ore, matte, regulus,
etc lb.
Copper, black or coarse,
cement copper and
copper in pigs lb.
Lead, metallic, contain
ed in ore, etc lb.
Load oier . "
Nickel, fine, contained
in ore matte or speiss
lb.
Platinum, contained in
concentrates or other
forms oz.
Silver, metallic, con
tained in ore, concen
trates, etc oz.
Mica lb.
Mineral pigments, iron
oxides, ochres, etc...lb.
Mineral water 8&1-
Oils, mineral, coal and
kerosene, crude. . . .gal.
Oils, mineral, coal anc
kerosene, refined. . .gal.
Total oils "
1,493
1,493
245
104,807
2
9,914
114,96$
Ores
Antimony ton
Corundum
Iron "
Manganese
Other "
Total ores "
Phosphates
323
EXPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
VI. Mineral produce, totals
Arsenic
$
40,087,017
160,287
$
42,787,561
69,381
$
41,324,516
82,234
8
57,442,546
108,305
$
59,039,054
117 497
Asbestos
1,886 613
2 076 477
2 097 814
2 486 769
2 891 669
Asbestos sand
162 767
Barytes, ground and un-
ground
150
114
Coal
5,013,221
6 014 095
4 338 128
5 555 099
3,703 765
Chromite (chromic iron)
Feldspar
13,556
35,975
150
50,572
58 160
45,737
75,988
Gold-bearing quartz, dust,
nuggets, etc.
6,016,126
5,344,465
7,193,392
11,226,573
13,326,755
Gypsum or plaster, crude.
Metals-
Copper, fine, contained
in ore, matte ; regulus,
etc
396,495
6,023,925
427,903
5,567,078
422,506
5,646,206
439,488
9,551,899
480779
9,489,729
Copper, black or coarse,
cement copper and
copper in pigs
7,995
359,643
Lead, metallic, contain
ed in ore, etc
132,440
1,308
3,151
8,442
7,562
Lead, pig
396,982
99,625
2806
Nickel, fine, contained
in ore, matte, or
speiss
3,320,054
3,842,332
3,743,920
5,045,197
5,374,738
Platinum, contained in
concentrates or other
forms
61,717
2,311
2,578
3,519
7,784
Silver, metallic, con
tained in ore, concen
trates, etc
15,009,937
17,269,168
15,908,409
20,202,559
20,971,538
Mica
299,076
308,851
258,329
319,444
208,526
Mineral pigments, iron
oxides, ochres, etc
8,300
31,131
35,148
27,109
19,638
Mineral water
8,078
6,062
11,712
3,991
610
Oils, mineral, coal, and
kerosene, crude
3,964
379
Oils, mineral, coal and
kerosene, refined
1,155
241
156
6,723
3,119
Total oils
1,155
241
156
10,687
3,498
Ores
Antimony
1,855
17,173
133
Corundum
130,844
196,013
99,744
Iron
80,540
304,718
133,361
426,633
398,023
Manganese ... ...
160
51
474
303
Other
581,797
634,816
388,484
568,198
734,993
Total ores.
664,352
956,758
653,296
1,191,147
1,232,760
Phosphates
15,735
100
497
324
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
-
(
QUANTITIES
T~^ * " 1 1~ * 1 - \~^-*
Principal articles by
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Plumbago, crude ore and
concentrates cwt.
25,656
7,937
30,755
34,664
30,127
Pyrites ton
26,939
35,710
27,865
3,427
46,293
Salt lb.
365,265
397,500
307,300
375,650
369,900
Sand and gravel ton
543,967
582,042
585,362
646,345
685,143
Stone, ornamental, gran
ite, marble, etc., un-
/ t
wrought . .ton
965
319
132
2,524
160
Stone, building, freestone,
limestone, etc ton
37,682
61.725
85 ; 481
114,685
192,327
Stone for manufacture of
/
/
grindstones, rough, ton
Total stone
433
39,080
62,044
15
85,628
117,209
192,487
Other articles of the mine
1
~~
VII. Miscellaneous produce.
Coffee lb.
25,850
10,181
86,323
87,070
66,933
Dried fruits, n.e.s. . . "
11,979
2,727
16,438
5,589
3,380
Rice "
840,452
700,190
40,000
100
Rice meal
1,892,664
2,266,200
3,369,548
978,000
2,613,800
Other miscellaneous
7 9
articles
Coin-
Gold and silver
_
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
I. Agricultural produce.
Bamboo reeds cut to
length
_
Breadstuffs, etc., viz.:
7 7
Biscuits, all kinds, lb.
927,892
1,420,734
1,690,063
1,810,780
2,275,872
Macaroni and vermi
celli ... . lb.
71,514
81,935
84,264
110,791
214,376
Rice, all kinds "
21,208,686
5,303,262
6,202,981
6,996,981
7,270,434
Rice and sago flour "
438,659
399,583
167,696
744,453
76,792
fj
Other breadstuffs.
1,367,913
1,009,875
1,244,348
1,078,359
77,175
Total breadstuffs "
24,014,664
8,215,389
9,389,352
10,741,364
9,914,649
Grain and products of-
Beans bush.
44,008
6,362
11,175
83,963
30,494
Indian corn
7
4,800
2
4,034
6
Oats "
15,578
4,190
5,523
3,574
2,707
7
325
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF CANADA.
14. Exports of Canada to All Countries in quantities and values by classes of home
produce in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 concluded.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
Plumbago, crude ore and
concentrates .
$
67,942
114,044
2,731
284,438
8,610
18,232
2,023
28,865
124,823
125,161
4,991
692
14,166
31,522
73,790
$
32,380
118,962
3,419
401,183
2,533
20,083
22,616
133,098
285,815
1,992
129
11,802
26,967
244,925
$
66,477
110,109
5,411
415,304
1,590
24,999
22
26,611
242,445
111,676
15,385
1,177
960
41,911
52,243
$
79,045
7,007
3,358
443,638
1,889
29,110
30,999
292,891
97,311
11,935
410
15,330
69,636
$
81,209
212,220
2,140
485,578
5,396
93,007
98,403
83,404
121,088
11,517
352
3
45,876
63,340
1,219
Pyrites
Salt
Sand and gravel
Stone, ornamental, gran
ite, marble, etc., un-
wrought
Stone, building, freestone,
limestone, etc
Stone for manufacture of
grindstones, rough
Total stone
Other articles of the mine
VII. Miscellaneous produce
totals
Coffee
Dried fruits, n.e.s
Rice
Rice meal
Other miscellaneous
articles
Coin-
Gold and silver
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914.
$
$
$
$
$
I. Agricultural produce,
totals
2,111,567
2,443,802
3,253,791
3,033,820
2,644,109
Bamboo reeds, cut to
length .
740
5
41
94
479
Breadstuffs, etc., viz.:
-* 1
Biscuits, all kinds ....
114,941
163,797
184,580
221,402
299,103
Macaroni and vermi
celli
3,408
3,947
4,538
4,849
9,924
Rice, all kinds
395,379
127,325
164,531
218,217
227,799
Rice and sago flour ....
9,435
10,270
4,274
16,242
2,447
Other breadstuffs
28,617
24,987
47,864
40,047
4,764
Total breadstuffs. . . .
551,780
330,326
405,787
500,757
544,037
Grain and products of-
Beans
64,384
11,440
24,580
161,103
60 114
Indian corn
3,906
18
3,838
V/ w J- J, -t
12
Oats
13,449
3,122
3.578
2,553
2,668
326
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
QUANTITIES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce con.
Grain and products of
con.
Peas bush.
3,562
281
2,561
70,790
50
8,596
41
352
426,289
600
53,706
448
796
154,867
362,655
592,151
20,914
693,621
3,083
312,509
2,139,800
1,299,446
10,946
16,76S
2,330
4
17
12,903
25
7,820
6
383
457,753
200
46,890
354
1,514
257,888
291,507
679,128
18,715
232,315
4,280
454,455
1,938,288
994,627
25,617
3,908
91
311
21,010
12,124
21
810
560,067
47,900
21,341
306
1,769
544,446
152,746
667,561
32,987
419,137
9,374
1,081,882
2,908,133
1,311,187
29,547
36,577
10
130
128,288
24,564
28
991
917,339
80,200
100
1,822
132,308
318,960
317,176
338
341,762
15,098
689,633
1,815,275
948,188
18,825
25,886
140
47
59,280
30,346
23
1,823
759,129
209
1,315
193,705
452,861
245,795
23,693
586,629
332,033
917,659
2,752,375
1,443,156
7,391
Wheat
Othor strains
Total grains
Bran, mill feed, etc ....
Cereal foods, prepared
Indian or corn meal bbl.
Oatmeal lb.
Wheat flour . . bbl.
Other grain products. . .
Total grain products .
Grand total bread-
stuffs
Broom corn
Cane and rattans, not
mannf acturpd
Cider gal.
Cocoa beans, not roasted,
crushed or ground, lb.
Cocoanuts NO.
Cotton wool or raw
cotton lb.
Fibre, Mexican, istle
or tampico cwt.
Fibre, vegetable, n.e.s. "
Florists stock
Fruits, dried, including
nuts
Currants lb.
Dates "
Figs "
Prunes and plums
Raisins
Other dried fruit.. "
Nuts, all kinds ... "
Total dried fruits "
Fruits, green
Grapes lb.
Oranges, lemons, limes,
etc.
Pineapples NO.
All other
Total fruits, green. . .
Fruits preserved
Hemp, dressed or un
dressed cwt.
327
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
VALUES.
Principal articles by
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce con.
Grain and products of
con.
Peas
$
9,615
$
7 968
$
14940
$
54 542
$
51 986
Wheat
445
6
93
13
260
Other grains
3,093
17
508
173
80
Total grains
94,892
22553
43 717
222 222
115 120
Bran, mill feed, etc. . . .
Cereal foods, prepared.
Indian or corn meal
Oatmeal
2,319
9,081
162
372
3,321
12,109
85
348
5,271
30,757
548
53,269
28,498
1 226
10,456
25,399
1 475
Wheat flour
202
38
115
165
124
Other grain products. . .
Total grain products
Grand total bread-
stuffs
25,988
38,124
684,796
25,500
41,401
394 280
35,685
72,376
521 880
70,810
153,968
876 947
140,028
177,482
836 639
Broom corn .
2 520
1 166
Cane and rattans, not
manufactured
1,531
3 042
1 768
1 333
2 343
Cider
354
343
887
1 045
1 820
Cocoa beans, not roasted,
crushed or ground
56,658
65,479
79,874
132,200
110 540
Cocoanuts
15
8
1,151
2,076
Cotton wool or raw cotton
Fibre, Mexican, istle or
tampico
8,201
4,898
7,803
3,420
2,387
3,272
1,412
2 395
Fibre, vegetable, n.e.s. . .
Florists stock
7,764
5,728
13,926
10,177
12,194
8 918
15,346
17 109
13,062
15 379
Fruits, dried, including
nuts
Currants
7,023
12,964
30,830
7,508
9 030
Dates
12,153
8,922
6,453
10,445
15 801
Figs.
16,610
22,458
20,293
13,335
9 677
Prunes and plums
991
1,143
3,672
63
969
Raisins
27,261
14,072
27,389
24,923
30 546
Other dried fruits
Nuts, all kinds
81
36,607
189
55,030
954
106,051
1,887
82,504
22,010
100 782
Total dried fruits. . . .
Fruits, green
Grapes
100,726
104,679
114,778
79,192
195.642
106,729
140,665
78,463
188,815
117,429
Oranges, lemons, limes,
etc
167,220
156,615
110,827
107,120
118 560
Pineapples
816
All other
13
198
1,928
1,750
1 397
Total fruits, green. . .
Fruits, preserved
272,728
36,067
236,005
60,643
219,484
116,804
187,333
151,429
237,386
69,456
Hemp, dressed or un
dressed
98,856
139,396
156,990
112,389
56 489
328
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce con.
Hops lb.
182,984
101
575,872
1,133,195
217,055
158
550
213,648
91
87
472
6
1,274
158
22,063
59,166
7,226
180,260
98,792
2,689
46,358
10,359.063
40,619
14,763
3,206
158,346
56
308,459
3,373,561
288,613
118,621
58,357
247
115
378
8
1,722
198
6,984
90,967
12,040
342,769
138,583
20,181
16,383
4,328,067
16,633
10,691
1,409
203,002
707
229,489
4,379,122
322,636
56,973
175
359,584
154
159
693
1,635
65
9,446
113,711
26
402,599
17,692
33,050
30,425
4,828,235
52,497
9,954
2,398
107,291
26,706
238,651
825,930
350,214
2
350
120,035
304
194
994
2,126
14
24,141
95,999
6,035
503,182
5,367
8,389
42,461
6,897,460
71,174
22,327
6,103
117,942
5,475
196,129
187,645
313,154
39
97,806
174
211
1,613
36
1,519
176
16,106
111,983
790
442,201
402,862
31,470
3,302,408
16,201
85,079
5,537
Malt bush.
Oils, vegetable. . . . gal.
Oils, vegetable lb.
Pickles gal.
Plants and trees
Seeds, garden, field, etc..
Seed, flax bush.
Seeds all other
Total seeds
Sugar, maple and
maple syrup lb.
Tobacco, unmanufac
tured "
Vegetables
Other agricultural pro
ducts
II. Animals and their pro
duce.
Animals, living-
Cattle NO.
Does. "
Fowls, domestic,
pure bred
Hogs.. "
Horses . . .
Sheep "
Other animals
Total animals, living
Bones, crude, bone
dust, etc cwt.
Bristles lb.
Eggs.. .doz.
Feathers
Fur skins, not dressed . . .
Fur skins, wholly or par
tially dressed
Grease and degras. . lb.
Grease, rough "
Hair, cleaned or un-
cleaned "
Hair, horse
Hatters furs
Hides and skins, raw lb.
Honey
Milk, condensed. ... "
Oils, animal gal.
329
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and rallies by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
I. Agricultural produce con.
Hops
$
49,276
$
49,580
$
87,205
$
40,501
$
44,663
Malt
104
55
891
26,673
6,507
Oils, vegetable
117,979
221,892
161,732
180,802
175,145
Oils vegetable
63 902
294 169
407,602
70 676
13 297
Pickles
192,251
241,118
283,806
296,386
292,525
Plants and trees
8,240
11,979
10,345
15,683
18,283
Seeds, garden, field, etc..
Seed flax
21,725
482
34,318
241 270
291,721
125,624
132,519
7
83,482
50
Seeds, all other
38,219
37,288
56,609
118,121
130,614
Total seeds
60,426
312,876
473,954
250,647
214,146
Sugar, maple and maple
svniD
49
17
35
Tobacco, unmanufactured
Vegetables
66,534
110,072
24,601
120,250
124,571
280,915
38,905
337 215
29,641
214 332
Other agricultural pro
ducts . .
163 672
117 977
98,941
135 753
100 767
II. Animals and their pro
duce totals
4,386,139
3,177,213
3,718 703
4,842 861
3 579 810
Animals, living
Cattle
15,738
21,660
21,763
41,278
28 225
Dogs. .
4,747
6,675
12,394
10,279
12 123
Fowls, domestic, pure
bred ...
3 546
2,684
4,029
4 583
4 417
Hoffs.
105
340
1 550
Horses
518,227
552,732
615,899
613,288
344 900
Sheep
3,911
7,189
760
550
5 722
Other animals
3,299
3,479
913
2,872
3,974
Total animals, living
Bones, crude, bone dust,
etc
549,573
49,563
594,759
20,288
655,758
22,437
672,850
57,599
400,911
56 935
Bristles
48,645
71,312
89,349
82,895
102 427
Ees
1 234
2 128
72
1 597
211
Feathers
41 741
39,196
49,302
106 048
49 491
Fur skins, not dressed . . .
Fur skins, wholly or par
tially dressed
250,669
366,663
183,944
322,093
202,314
279,587
379,194
384,094
250,269
153,711
Grease and degras
4,641
6,771
13,884
15,264
15 377
Grease, rough
6,042
7,090
565
379
24 810
Hair, cleaned or unclean: d
Hair, horse
3,501
45,483
23,582
13,926
15,812
30,721
9,210
42,403
9,104
26 865
Hatters furs
20,918
23,101
30,840
10,022
12,675
Hides and skins, raw ....
Honey
1,642,833
1,629
704,630
1,205
763,604
4,120
1,227,044
5,969
706,690
1,539
Milk, condensed
1,111
1,243
1,388
2,583
5,320
Oils, animal
2,502
781
469
3,265
2,691
330
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their pro
duce con.
Provisions, viz.:
Butter Ib.
6,161
55,735
251,970
4,721
630
81,796
400
124,764
1,735
4,595,434
1,290,079
75
60
593,752
1,648
230
7,369
2,663
r _
2,663
29,252
48,547
588,251
3,649
7,902
298,662
47,693
55,879
292
3,142,209
1,633,694
304
758,767
7,504
410
3,088
19,104
210
3,579
307
4,096
700,900
58,395
138,923
11,576
22,040
1,067,619
60,172
25,348
5,726
3,962,722
1,634,333
839,056
9,004
19,172
62,089
12
646
144
802
767,131
69,911
368,291
46,203
12,500
1,098,790
10,246
32,283
8,022
4,573,672
1,481,866
63,654
1,075,773
6,266
3,847
113,709
3,153
140
3,293
91,900
49,472
310,726
48,153
2,740
1,523,044
251,287
3,829
1,046
3,929,650
1,314,273
28,780
1,417,096
948
6,600
1,000
62,116
379
2,131
6,975
9,485
Cheese "
Lard and lard com
pound, etc
Meats, viz.:
Bacon and hams, shoul
ders and sides. . Ib.
Beef salted "
Canned meats and can
ned poultry and game
Ib.
Extracts of meat, fluid
beef, etc
Mutton and lamb, fresh
Ib.
Pork "
Poultry and game
Other meats "
Total meats
Rennet
Sausage casings
Silk raw, etc
Wax, bees Ib.
Wool "
Other articles
III. Fisheries produce.
Anchovies and sar
dines boxes
Cod, haddock, ling and
pollock, all kinds.. Ib.
Halibut "
Herring "
Lobsters "
Mackerel "
Oysters "
Salmon "
Sea fish, other "
Other fish, fresh, pickled,
smoked, etc
Total fish
Fish oil-
Cod gal.
Cod-liver "
Other "
Total fish oil... "
Other articles of the fish
eries.
331
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
II. Animals and their pro
duce con.
Provisions, viz.:
Butter
$
1,514
$
6,945
$
201,219
$
200,389
$
24,322
Cheese
22,487
10,809
13,904
14,688
12,066
Lard and lard com
pound, etc
26,568
68,058
13,008
40,141
40,417
Meats, viz.:
Bacon and hams, shoul
ders and sides
1,066
921
1,891
9,086
10,767
Beef, salted
33
702
1,790
1,013
220
Canned meats and can
ned poultry and game
Extracts of meat, fluid
beef, etc
16,230
41,574
56,891
57,403
147,445
134,203
201,995
96,381
276,086
212,347
Mutton and lamb, fresh
Pork
20
6,252
5,440
956
25,151
414
Poultry and game
4,907
10,484
7,863
9,969
14,144
Other meats. . . . . . .
11,010
4,654
3,124
5,126
7,661
Total meats
74,840
137,307
301,756
324,526
546,790
Rennet
616
2,029
4,419
3,584
2,306
Sausage casings
24,143
32,702
31,364
46,637
68,131
Silk, raw, etc
128
4,944
6,657
19,864
19,653
Wax, bees
486
90
1,627
1,555
379
Wool
975,887
736,663
856,073
1,081,706
1,014,157
Other articles
222,422
161,617
128,454
109,355
32,563
III. Fisheries produce, totals
Anchovies and sardines . .
Cod, haddock, ling and
pollock, all kinds
148,902
69,318
15
206,544
85,834
32
224,641
85,272
247,971
82,977
3,839
246,858
73,205
1,880
Halibut
5
__
Herring
22,893
29,510
34,182
44,823
66,952
Lobsters
220
Mackerel
137
381
456
325
320
Oysters
21
33
198
851
75
Salmon
151
1,307
359
Seafish, other
1,628
1,581
7,916
13,717
7,774
Other fish, fresh, pickled,
smoked, etc
51,558
83,872
93,541
95,820
89,879
Total fish
145,575
201,394
222,872
242,711
240,305
Fish oil
Cod
243
17
397
Cod-liver
1,608
3,995
717
1,903
1,188
Other
77
146
94
3,845
Total fish oil
1,608
4,315
880
1,997
5,430
Other articles of the
fisheries.,
1.719
835
889
3,263
1,123
332
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce.
Corkwood
D shovel handles
_
Felloes of hickory or oak,
rough sawn to shape
only, etc
Hickory billets
_
Hubs for wheels, etc
_
_
Ivory nuts, vegetable. . . .
Logs and round unmanu
factured timber
-
Lumber and timber,
planks and boards, etc.,
viz.:
Boards, planks, deals,
etc M. ft.
2
4
45
219
Cherry, chestnut, etc..
Mahogany M. ft.
176
218
301
398
408
Oak "
15
1 158
2
34
Timber,hewn and sawed
Walnut ft.
4 368
800
920
Other lumber and tim
ber
Total lumber and
timber
Other articles of the
forest
V. Manufactures.
Ale, beer and porter, gal.
Ale, ginger
246,370
304,153
400,032
495,058
467,506
Antiseptic surgical dress
ing. .
Asphaltum or asphalt, cwt
Baking powder Ib.
218
6,323
6,655
6,509
146
6,506
1,613
16,453
15,598
7,717
Balls, cues and racks for
bagatelle tables
Baskets
_j_
_ .^
_
_
^ ,
Belting, all kinds, except
rubber and leather
Belts, surgical, trusses and
suspensory bandages . . .
Belts, all kinds, n.e.s
Bells
-
-
-
Billiard tables N .
68
108
258
301
293
Binder twine Ib.
334,933
163,230
95 500
138,144
1,120
333
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
VALUES.
1910.
1911,.
1912.
1913.
1914.
IV. Forest produce totals
Corkwood
$
32,785
1,395
36
448
15
19,105
2,387
21,492
9,399
82,294,555
219,461
17,529
40,060
243
753
1,045
7,533
102,836
6,893
85,009
4,067
8,145
27,442
$
33,626
1,562
25
67
61
23,833
2,278
663
1,345
28,247
3,792
95,978,787
271,836
25,958
52,476
5,842
757
4,070
13,904
199,481
5,576
69,534
15,156
25,202
15,678
$
82,004
918
P
o
28
3,407
305
31,900
36,800
85
3,977
73,067
4,579
99,105,987
363,603
27,659
58,640
159
813
3,866
19,452
238,490
7,784
74,774
14,337
58,6 20
9,127
$
63,145
3,137
2,102
463
1,126
4,618
1,388
44,449
123
60
3,473
49,493
2,206
119,850,338
454,388
30,827
55,251
935
1,563
5,323
18,407
349,858
11,901
49,589
8,469
48,813
9,140
$
82,005
858
7
67
16,425
8,611
47,344
6,074
419
73
1,103
63,624
1,024
115,569,081
421,874
32,185
75,281
15,412
933
5,704
16,951
286,877
12,517
21,684
20,052
67,893
136
D shovel handles
Felloes of hickory or oak,
rough sawn to shape
only, etc
Hickory billets
Hubs for wheels, etc
Ivory nuts, vegetable. . . .
Logs and round unmanu
factured timber
Lumber and timber,
planks, boards, etc.,
viz.:
Boards, planks, deals,
etc
Cherry, chestnut, etc . .
Mahogany
Oak
Timber, hewn and sawed
Walnut
Other lumber and tim
ber
Total lumber and tim
ber
Other articles of the
forest
V. Manufactures ... . totals
Ale, beer and porter
Ale, ginger.
Antiseptic surgical dress
ing.
*"&
Asphaltum or asphalt ....
Baking powder
Balls, cues and racks for
bagatelle tables
Baskets
Belting, all kinds, except
rubber and leather
Belts, surgical, trusses and
suspensory bandages . . .
Belts, all kinds, n.e.s. . . .
Bells
Billiard tables
Binder twine
334
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Binder twine, articles for
the manufacture of ....
Blacking, shoe and shoe
makers ink, etc
Blueing, laundry, all kinds
Boats NO.
17
27
40
44
28
Bolting cloths
Books, periodicals and
other printed matter. . .
Boot, shoe and stay laces
Boots, shoes and slippers,
except rubber and
leather
-
-
-
Braces, suspenders and
parts of
Brass and mfs. of
Brass, old and scrap,
cwt.
Brass, in blocks, ingots
or pigs cwt.
436
21
08
21
502
102
138
Brass tubing, not pol
ished, etc Ib.
483,058
739,619
606,556
479,186
344,075
Brass rods and sheets
for mfs cwt.
1,712
1,911
759
1,183
804
Brass wire, plain.. Ib.
Brass, other
44,909
34,145
43,632
35,671
12,051
Total mfs. of brass...
Bricks, tiles and manufac
tures of clay, n.e.s
Bricks, fire
s=
__
_
_
British gum, dextrine,
sizing cream, etc.. Ib.
Brooms, whisks and
brushes
368,462
360,891
498,643
453,973
416,939
Buttons
^_
_
_
Candles Ib.
149,537
189,309
233,693
273,187
214,234
Cane, reed or rattan, split
or manufactured
Carbons over 6 inches
in circumference for
mf rs NO.
100
Carriages and parts of
Automobiles and motor
vehicles NO.
73
236
321
352
399
Automobiles, parts of . .
Buggies, carriages, plea
sure carts, etc... NO.
14
30
40
24
22
335
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Binder twine, articles for
the manufacture of
$
2,812
$
998
$
1,346
$
730
$
518
Blacking, shoe and shoe
makers ink, etc
16,035
10,869
22,556
9,507
30,943
Blueing, laundry, all kinds
Boats
31,749
1,345
39,110
1,961
39,619
3,577
43,989
3,201
49,988
4,386
Bolting cloths
660
53
36
70
Books, periodicals and
other printed matter. . .
Boot, shoe and stay laces
Boots, shoes and slippers,
except rubber and
leather
1,081,666
95,707
74,840
1,135,853
92,120
81,492
1,374,954
86,252
84,116
1,543,524
110,041
180,250
1,608,244
113,334
209,630
Braces, suspenders and
parts of
15,464
16,354
11,250
15,555
13,551
Brass and mfs. of
Brass, old and scrap . . .
Brass, in blocks, ingots
or pigs . . .
3,558
376
1,213
208
7,256
2,172
2,088
Brass, tubing, not pol
ished, etc
82,351
113,580
96,016
94,794
67,987
Brass rods and sheets
for mfs
25,304
26,969
11,486
20,795
13,461
Brass wire, plain
5,876
4,589
6,591
6,687
2,605
Brass, other
202,797
286,694
285,733
339,363
327,090
Total mfs. of brass.. .
Bricks, tiles and manufac
tures of clay, n.e.s
320,262
271,638
433,045
368,406
400,034
335,358
471,067
324,068
411,143
247,269
Bricks, fire
70,705
73,128
105,904
114,201
212,273
British gum, dextrine,
sizing cream, etc
8,715
12,188
14,008
14,055
11,831
Brooms, whisks, and
brushes
45,630
73,278
78,184
110,776
119,146
Buttons
108,957
131,660
108,026
139,229
143,109
Candles
14,290
17,094
18,784
25,078
18,697
Cane, reed or rattan, split
or manufactured
286
174
686
2,286
14
Carbons over 6 inches in
circumference for mfs . .
Carriages, and parts of-
Automobiles and motor
vehicles
106,126
7
308,640
342,600
583,910
4
621,979
Automobiles, parts of. .
Buggies, carriages,
pleasure carts, etc
10,646
1,795
22,815
4,125
16,387
6,916
14,005
2,283
31,981
1,732
336
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Carriages and parts of
con.
Wagons, farm, freight,
and drays NO.
13
16
6,635
2
287,370
6
814,296
156,395
1,328,255
56,515
1,972
22
65
848
282,287
188,058
1,809,932
7
99
16,767
c
c
256,808
r
680,155
128,422
2,084,548
85,693
287
6
17,427
798
224,251
3,151
1,953,151
2
164
1,893
306,636
3
463,667
95,327
1,917,821
96,449
679
390
94
277,962
20,772
2,331,075
17
114
1,264
8
418,327
8
257,702
197,667
2,345,850
209,866
143
500
7,077
1,037
231,229
3,257
3,010,211
1
50
4,847
10
314,622
127,670
16,585
5,167,591
157,505
337
410
202
329
110,019
3,295
3,174,269
Cars, all kinds. ... "
Carriages, other, and
parts of
Total
Carpets, n.e.s yd.
Carpet sweepers. . . . NO.
Cash registers "
Celluloid and manufac
tures of
Cement
Chalk, prepared
Chicory, kiln dried, roast
ed or ground Ib.
Church vestments
Clocks, clock cases,
springs and movements
Clothes wringers . . . NO.
Coal and pine pich. . gal.
Cocoa carpeting, mats
and matting
Cocoa, desiccated Ib.
Cocoa paste, chocolate
paste, etc Ib.
Coffee, roasted or ground,
extracts of, etc Ib.
Coke ton
Collars and cuffs
Combs, dress and toilet. .
Copper and mfs. of
Copper, in blocks,
pigs or ingots. . .cwt.
Copper, in bars and
rods, in coil, etc. "
Copper, in strips
sheets or plates. "
Copper tubing, not
polished Ib.
Copper, wire, plain,
tinned or plated "
Copper, other
Total
Cordage and twines. .Ib.
Cork and other manufac
tures of cork bark
337
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 -con.
Principal articles by
classes
VALUES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Carriages and parts of
con.
Wagons, farm, freight,
and drays
584
$
893
$
560
$
1 441
$
144
Cars, all kinds
693
11,413
17 476
3 381
3 709
Carriages, other, and
parts of
61,259
122 747
189 289
204 468
190 083
Total
181,103
470 633
573 228
809 488
849 628
Carpets, n.e.s
5 009
. 5 418
1 182
986
2 685
Carpet sweepers
21
31
69
Cash registers
68
Celluloid and manufac
tures of
42 995
28 515
35 990
45 473
37 756
Cement
99 79?
146 343
218 533
155 402
66 592
Chalk, prepared
1 318
1 583
1 702
1 469
1 013
Chicory, kiln dried, roast
ed or ground
Church vestments
12,414
3 637
12,316
5 750
17,938
5 892
21,726
13 745
13,747
8 403
Clocks, clock cases,
springs and movements.
Clothes wringers
28,556
39
44,551
21
41,171
27
48,591
77
63,656
216
Coal and pine pitch
32,950
25,727
22,997
13 729
6 509
Cocoa carpeting, mats
and matting
12 410
10,419
12 954
18 178
12 711
Cocoa, desiccated
11,905
12,385
8 788
! 18 875
1 898
Cocoa paste, chocolate
paste, etc
279,048
438 403
433 287
536 291
1 122 720
Coffee, roasted or ground,
extracts of, etc
13,259
21,230
22,205
35 220
35 419
Coke
5,665
1,366
2,989
941
2 199
Collars and cuffs
90,777
147 545
124 492
115 528
72 492
Combs, dress and toilet. .
Copper and mfs. of-
Copper, in blocks, pigs
or ingots
60,910
389
56,333
126
69,614
79,563
7 313
62,864
6 636
Copper, in bars and
rods, in coil, etc
1,142
240,411
5,347
107 143
4 217
Copper, in strips, sheets
or plates
14,668
13,031
1,386
21 287
fftt*. i
5 890
Copper tubing, not pol
ished, etc
55,498
41,835
51 329
50 777
25 108
Copper wire, plain,
tinned or plated
Copper, other
23,547
36,414
585
33,046
3,632
31 169
669
41 399
711
43 681
Total
131,658
329,034
92,863
228 588
86 243
Cordage and twines
Corks and other manufac
tures of cork bark
178,684
26,306
219,014
36 598
240,849
53 302
360,242
37 269
376,722
53 469
338
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Corsets, corset clasps,etc.
Costumes and scenery,
-
-
Cotton, manufactures of
Duck, grey or white,
over 8 oz. per sq.
vd .yd.
520,239
1,046,665
753,194
1,213,501
1,565,322
Embroideries, white
and cream coloured. .
Grey, unbleached
cotton fabrics. . . .yd.
White or bleached
cotton fabrics ....
Fabrics, printed,
dyed or coloured..
TTandker chiefs.
6,585,813
25,255,461
54,219,716
4,285,348
24,763,424
55,395,155
4,754,686
21,841,433
46,877,989
10,081,768
26,958,552
54,828,525
23,907,033
31,194,200
53,514,578
Sheets, bed quilts, pil-
low pflsps etc
Shirts of cotton. . .doz.
Sewing thread on spools
Sewing cotton thread,
in hanks lb.
26,686
860,993
46,095
476,772
39,315
261,741
34,209
253,278
31,506
447,150
Olothincr
_
_
Lace, white and cream
coloured
Socks and stock
ings doz. prs.
218,504
311,657
382,045
400,409
380,327
Velvets, velveteens and
plush fabrics . . . yd.
Cot ton s other
1,999,800
1,835,053
2,241,800
2,975,561
3,030,588
Total
_
__
_
Cotton waste lb.
1,130,900
1,625,553
2,577,305
3,175,040
3,121,580
Cotton yarns ....
1,386,253
1,718,702
1,915,711
2,212,725
1,976,792
Crapes
Curtains and shams
_
_
_
Drugs, dyes, chemicals,
medicines
Duck for belting and hose
Earthenware and china-
ware
^~
~
Elastic, round or flat ....
Electric apparatus, mo
tors, etc
;
;
-
Electric light carbons and
carbon points M.
78
374
531
402
Embroideries, n.e.s
Emery wheel and manu
factures of emery
Express parcels
_,
_
--
339
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Corsets, corset ciasps,etc.
Costumes and scenery,
theatrical
$
6,685
27
$
9,641
63
$
16,989
100
$
3,473
591
6,803
624
Cotton, manufactures of
Duck, grey or white,
over 8 oz. per sq. yd.
Embroideries, white
L and cream coloured. .
Grey, unbleached cot
ton fabrics
81,358
191,467
434,705
173,263
352,190
345 622
159,274
421,392
350 255
239,009
366,769
691 108
333,047
257,133
1 250 754
White or bleached
cotton fabrics
1,973,632
2,091,962
2 001 966
2 371 364
2 564 688
Fabrics, printed dyed
or coloured
5,047,161
5 064 817
4 561 738
!5 328 951
4 749 667
Handkerchiefs. . .
469 811
544 620
550 019
748 377
586 014
Sheets, bed quilts, pil
low cases, etc
409,550
559 101
694 846
950 045
1 019 619
Shirts of cotton
129,460
235 257
194 849
190 182
170 981
Sewing thread on spools
Sewing cotton thread in
hanks
268,616
523,829
277,147
286,617
279,684
174,327
216,369
143 805
144,829
243 586
Clothing
556,986
799 663
769 710
905 406
886 610
Lace, white and cream
coloured
799,803
744,580
908 516
1 118 OC3
832 110
Socks and stockings . . .
Velvets, velveteens and
plush fabrics
271,803
400,044
396,527
495 045
455,748
622 844
505,370
809 828
497,879
82? 440
Cottons, other
991,893
1,100,258
1 290 363
1,744 552
1 838 045
Total
12,550,118
13 466 669
13 435 531
16 329 138
16 197 402
Cotton waste
98,770
134,182
190 230
205 126
222 552
Cotton yarns
454,549
732,565
846,083
997 404
920 109
Crapes
15,829
15 742
10 480
10 ?74
8 803
Curtains and shams
516,193
566,096
536 829
571 668
429 441
Drugs, dyes, chemicals,
medicines
2,406,092
2,775,734
2 951 182
3,272 134
3,191 567
Duck for belting and hose
Earthenware and china-
ware
10,290
1,170 768
4,929
1,476 318
6,776
1 558 081
3,502
1 932 418
1 873 599
Elastic, round or flat. . . .
Electric apparatus, mo
tors, etc
148,416
433,274
123,842
384 302
146,542
619 958
144,378
1 180 445
118,919
945 527
Electric light carbons and
carbon points
1,372
8,199
7,890
3,921
5,397
Embroideries, n.e.s
27,650
38,989
42,269
38,786
34,596
Emery wheels and manu
factures of emery
44
417
244
383
405
Express parcels
4,509
3,892
3,186
1,618
2,830
340
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Fancy goods
14,349,104
706,250
547,585
769,386
15,198
966,696
"
11,348,855
1,160,105
522,803
858,550
9,288
258,149
12,647,985
698,268
784,303
1,018,340
14,637
264,561
15,670,154
808,782
988,891
1,521,690
49,971
617,473
13,946,781
541,509
750,127
1,016,034
78,317
1,176,725
Fertilizers
Fibreware
Fireworks
Fish hooks,nets, seines, etc
Flax, hemp, jute and man
ufactures of
Furniture, wood, iron or
other material
Fur and manufactures of . .
Glass and manufactures of
Common and colourless
window glass.. sq. ft.
Plate glass, not bev
elled, in sheets
not exceeding 7
sq feet each . . .
Plate glass, notbev-
elled, in sheets
exceeding 7 sq. ft.
each, and not ex
ceeding 25 sq. ft..
Plate glass not
otherwise provid
ed for
Glass, other, and
mfs of
Total
Glove fasteners, metal,
eyelet hooks and eye
lets etc
Glovos and mitts
Gold, silver and manufac
tures of
Grease axle lb.
Gunpowder and other ex
plosives etc
Gutta percha, India rub
ber and manufactures of
Gutta percha, crude rub
ber etc lb.
Hair and manufactures ol
Hats, caps and bonnets . .
Hatters bands (not cords)
binding, tips and sides
Ink
341
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
/
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Fancy goods
$
1 488 750
$
1 522 014
$
1 678 554
$
1 956 911
$
1 788 248
Fertilizers
13 288
22 389
32 051
59 310
44 336
Fibreware
135
695
1 463
1 815
4 832
Fireworks
4975
4 832
7 475
8 652
4 844
Fish hooks, nets, seines,
etc
410,103
504,143
482 743
680 726
631 764
Flax, hemp, jute and man
ufactures of
2,907 253
2 782 001
2 855 266
3 ?35 002
2 753 258
Furniture, wood, iron or
other material
89,196
136,795
198 464
262 407
266 787
Fur and manufactures of. .
Glass and manufactures of
Common and colourless
window glass
270,971
343 999
414,263
296 746
298,055
341 491
445,317
438 927
439,540
461 63
Plate glass, not bevel
led, in sheets not ex
ceeding 7 sq. ft. each
Plate glass, not bevel
led, in sheets exceed
ing 7 sq. ft. each, and
not exceeding 25 sq.ft.
Plate glass not other
wise provided for. . . .
Glass, other, and mfs.
of
76,377
114,604
204,229
289 923
103,072
101,156
229,537
346.739
102,198
136,737
263,742
354 611
124,425
182,265
357,555
407 413
82,332
151,394
224,805
416 885
Total
1,029,132
1,077^250
1,198 779
1 510 585
1 337 039
Glove fasteners, metal,
eyelet hooks and eye
lets, etc
13 784
12,555
10 893
13 017
11 405
Gloves and mitts
805,011
891,520
775 622
1 165 697
1 219 887
Gold, silver and manufac
tures of
234,196
351,010
466 163
637 573
551 882
Grease, axle
803
375
931
2 375
3 822
Gunpowder and other ex
plosives
454,159
775,891
1,031,493
415 862
394,975
Gutta percha, India rub
ber and manufactures
of
375 672
734,037
1 078 343
1 904 363
1 995 107
Gutta percha, crude rub
ber, etc
323,769
229,010
248,453
370 486
547,393
Hair and manufactures of
Hats, caps and bonnets . .
Hatters bands (not cords)
bindings, tips and sides,
etc
152,096
1,659,105
33,659
132,604
2,151,853
40,556
99,106
2,139,389
39,410
82,809
3,045,361
59 732
71,173
2,514,829
51,044
Ink
39 120
36,721
40 052
40 017
41 748
342
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
C
QUANTITIES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Iron and steel and mfs.
of
Agricultural imple
ments
Drills seed NO.
5
]
2
3
Harrows
22
12
4
4
Ploughs "
23
35
13
1
All other and parts of
Threshing machine
separators. . . NO.
1
4
2
Portable engines
with boilers, and
traction engines,
for farm purposes
Sewing machines.. .
Typewriting ma
chines
6
831
4
33
1,195
5
26
935
25
31
1,712
21
- 32
1,771
43
Engines, gasoline. .
Bar iron or steel,
rolled cwt.
54
260,630
206
386,371
363
320,615
216
252,063
520
260,786
Iron or steel billets,
weighing not less
than 60 Ib. per
lineal vard
70,529
57,444
25,283
42,989
64,976
Iron in pigs
101,482
118,662
78,545
54,861
22,100
Iron and steel rail
way bars or rails . .
Rolled iron or steel
angles, etc ton
11,743
123,293
3,024
248,240
1,296
173,211
689
78,594
650
191,056
Rolled iron or steel
beams, etc
501,123
687,737
353,784
174,091
437,162
Rolled iron or steel
plates "
46,801
56.849
38,166
22,042
50,824
Rolled iron or steel
sheets, polished
or not, no. 14
gauge and thinner "
Sheets, flat, of gal
vanized iron or
steel "
2,014
3,606
222
2,062
80
1,796
40
4,700
20
Skelp iron or steel,
sheared or rolled
in grooves
8,463
21,245
27,902
7,712
11,867
Cream separators and
steel bowls for. . . .
_
Cream separators, ma
terials for the manu
facture of
343
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
t
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Iron and steel and mfs.
of
Agricultural imple
ments
Drills, seed
$
119
$
30
$
233
$
28
$
Harrows
772
164
39
77
280
Ploughs
888
649
433
34
79
All other and parts of
Threshing machine sep
arators
42,182
1,581
52,202
810
57,443
80,657
266
73,002
Portable engines with
boilers, and traction
engines, for farm pur
poses .
17,329
62,213
42,908
56,739
48 471
Sewing machines
17,431
23,919
17,890
27,729
26 204
Typewriting machines
Engines, gasoline
113
34,869
301
126,288
1,477
189,481
797
107,144
1,279
110 617
Bar iron or steel, rolled
Iron or steel billets,
weighing not less than
60 Ib. per lineal yard
Iron in pigs
385,819
61,145
1,284,875
614,148
54,225
1,527,143
533,534
25,174
979,248
487,650
50,494
826,098
506,994
62,746
344,438
Iron or steel railway
bars or rails
291,586
72,216
29,217
16,565
18,655
Rolled iron or steel
angles, etc
145,341
307,041
207 242
108,275
289,096
Rolled iron or steel
beams, etc
548,706
797,353
412,218
237,795
641,482
Rolled iron or steel
plates
65,204
88,468
58,083
37,454
92,445
Rolled iron or steel
sheets, polished or
not, no. 14 gauge and
thinner
6,819
6,748
5,975
7,689
9,717
Sheets, flat, of galvan
ized iron or steel ....
Skelp iron or steel,
sheared or rolled in
grooves
11,009
825
27,264
365
35,792
127
11,275
70
19,735
Cream separators and
. steel bowls for
87,035
91,874
97,097
94,264
43,200
Cream separators, ma
terials for the manu
facture of
10,769
38,424
9,951
1,604
4,855
344
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Iron and steel, mfs. of
Rolled round wire
rods, not over f
in. in diameter, .cwt.
77,206
135,901
43,492
7,812
107,002
Boiler plate, not less
than 30 ins. wide
and not less than
fin. in thickness "
19,355
18,080
6,643
5,727
10,599
Holled iron or steel
plates, not less
than 30 ins. in
width and not less
than | inch in
thickness "
187,434
124,327
60,893
9,746
25,143
Rolled iron or steel
sheets in strips,
polished or not,
14 gauge and thin
ner. .
324,925
363,381
259,919
147,547
319,074
Sheets, flat, of gal
vanized iron "
391,076
381,797
486,181
561,890
675,166
Barbed fence wire
of iron or steel.. . "
4,262
658
470
Wire, curved or not,
galvanized iron or
steel, nos. 9, 12,
and 13 gauge .... "
75,774
51,055
1,986
1,094
764
Other iron and steel,
mfs. of
_
_
Total
Ivory, manufactures of.. .
.
T _
_
_
_
Jellies, jams and pre
serves . ... Ib.
3,070,159
3,815,287
5,714,595
8,548,251
6,185,385
7 7
Jewellery
_
_
_
_
Junk and oakum. . . . cwt.
6,161
6,159
6,085
5,648
5,832
Jute cloth, not col
oured, etc yd.
14,216,453
12,230,793
11,806,917
12,769,970
9,806,972
Jute, canvas, uncol-
7 7
oured "
2,859,156
2,701,087
4,175,544
10,216,250
14,992,779
Jute or hemp yarn,
7 7
plain, dyed or col
oured, etc Ib.
2,101,471
2,399,235
2,387,334
3,855,277
2,218,692
Lead and manufactures of
/ /
7 /
345
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Iron and steel mfs. of
Rolled round wire rods,
not over f in. in dia
meter
$
96,137
$
178,808
$
54,333
$
10,074
145,795
Boiler plate, not less
than 30 inches wide
and not less than j
inch in thickness ....
Rolled iron or steel
plates, not less than
30 inches in width and
not less than | inch in
thickness
30,147
236,354
30,788
163,247
11,249
83,305
10,129
16,420
19,479
43,501
Rolled iron or steel
sheets in strips, pol
ished or not, 14 gauge
and thinner
648,641
800,034
587,259
344,345
771,104
Sheets, flat, of galvan
ized iron
1,167,496
1,127,087
1,389,343
1,716,963
2,054,438
Barbed fence wire of
iron or steel
9,504
1,429
1,065
Wire, curved or not,
galvanized iron or
steel, nos. 9, 12 and
13 gauge .
159,080
107,656
4,759
2,909
1,616
Other iron and steel and
mfs. of
5,734,921
8,305,362
8,988,974
10,499,298
9,993,018
Total
11,095,872
14,606,716
13,823,122
14,752,899
15,323,381
Ivory, manufactures of. . .
Jellies, jams and preserves
Jewellery
60,529
220,957
254,805
37,407
295,679
333,062
43,701
480,572
397,135
38,597
759,927
543,466
41,642
535,524
462,713
Junk and oakum
24,928
23,422
23,795
23,249
26,691
Jute cloth, not coloured,
etc
607,462
601,763
759,332
Jute canvas, uncoloured . .
Jute or hemp yarn, plain,
dyed or coloured, etc . .
Lead and manufactures of
206,363
166,809
251,545
198,455
198,509
422,808
358,590
206,362
612,706
762,704
798,049
363,630
968,001
718,798
1,288,284
229,789
504,189
346
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
(
QUANTITIES
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Leather and manufactures
of
Leather, belting
leather of all
kinds lb.
516 922
561 664
QQC 17Q
563 819
Calf, kid or goat,
lamb and sheep
skins, dressed,
waxed or glazed
Glove leather, tan
ned or dressed,
etc "
184,347
18 952
351,033
27 649
407,830
21 3fiQ
509,920
-
Upper leather, in
cluding dongola,
cordovan, kang
aroo, alligator,
etc "
75 084
78 271
59 108
102 942
Boots and shoes, slip
pers and insoles of
leather
Harness and saddlery,
including horse boots
Other leather and mfs.
of
Total
_
_
_
_
Lime bbl.
540
_
448
34
28,650!
Lime juice and other fruit
juices gal.
19,074
28,119
43 833
61,957
45,540
Machine card clothing. . .
Magic lanterns and slides
for
Malt extract of
__
Marble, manufactures of
Mattresses
Mats, door or carriage. . .
Metals and mfs. of
-
-
-
Mineral substances, manu
factures of
Mucilage
_
_
_
_
Musical instruments
Mustard and mustard
cake, etc
~
Newspapers and maga
zines
Noils
_
_
_
^
Oil cake and meal and
cotton seed cake and
meal cwt.
618
1,939
1,046
7,928
3,068
347
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Leather and manufactures
of
Leather, belting leather
of all kinds
$
165,571
$
185,093
$
163,687
$
250,111
250 339
Calf, kid or goat, lamb
and sheep skins,
dressed, waxed or
glazed
88,284
153,577
157,367
182,683
146,097
Glove leather, tanned
or dressed, etc
18,522
27,637
19,179
16,628
12 131
Upper leather, includ
ing dongola, cordo
van, kangaroo, alli
gator etc
59,731
56,018
61,604
91,885
111 696
Boots and shoes, slip
pers, and insoles of
leather
167,687
292,014
356,455
485,755
577 291
Harness and saddlery,
including horse boots
Other leather andmanu-
f actures of
37,933
411,283
67,794
393,202
53,521
347,413
77,214
773,867
63,598
537 428
Total
949,011
1,175,335
1,159,226
1,878,143
1 698 580
Lime
410
500
33
8 141
Lime juice and other fruit
juices
21,125
26,548
41,101
57,208
58 529
Machine card clothing. . .
Magic lanterns and slides
for
14,583
25,569
14,668
26,276
j-* , i.vi
17,640
64,360
26,203
49,666
28,227
38,562
Malt extract of
2,549
7,347
9,179
5,115
15 180
Marble, manufactures of..
Mattresses
1,672
814
4,492
551
9,167
367
10,635
1 754
2,850
804
Mats, door or carriage. . .
Metal and mfs. of
2,400
609,945
152
771,051
601
934,430
733
1,131,840
573
1 206 746
Mineral substances, manu
factures of
29,050
43,802
55,101
56 851
70 089
Mucilage
2,686
4,923
5,251
4,257
5 360
Musical instruments
Mustard and mustard
cake, etc
48,694
128,390
75,069
135,065
73,932
152,626
101,266
172 148
102,132
186 113
Newspapers and maga
zines
64,458
75,756
76,994
81,523
74,998
Noils
553,562
761,129
664,706
845 314
914 017
Oil cake and meal and cot
ton seed cake and meal
1,426
3,448
2,464
19,229
5,350
348
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
classes.
QUANTITIES.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Oils, cocoanut and
palm gal.
Oils, other
Oiled cloths, all kinds,
cork matting and lino
leum
Optical, philosophical,
photographic and
mathematical instru
ments
Packages
Paints and colours
Paper and mfs. of
Hangings of wall paper,
including borders,roll
Printing paper Ib.
Tarred and other build
ing paper
Wrapping paper Ib.
Other paper and mfs. of
Total.
and
Pencils, lead
Pens, penholders
rulers
Perfumery, non-alcoholic
Photographic dry plates
Picture and photograph
frames
Pitch and tar, pine. . .gal.
Plaits, straw, tuscan and
grass
Plaster of Paris cwt.
Plates, engraved on wood
or metal
Pocketbooks, purses, to
bacco pouches, etc
Polish or composition,
knife or other . .
Pomades Ib.
Post office parcels
Precious stones. . .
Rags, cotton, linen, jute,
etc cwt.
Regalia and badges
Resin cwt.
Ribbons
Sand, glass, emery anc
flint paper
179,462 173,372 164,270| 170,574
454,039 233,549 331361 596,872
3,752,682 5,721,112 4,958,165j 5,137,736
131,253 561,047! 1,386,664
57,384
24
39,230, 44,634
8
416,369
103,760
55
14
127,293 196,545 151,574
4,325
23,265
8,071
197,725
5,058
198,680
393,665
5,925,178
321,560
18,684
5,149
175,568
10,603
349
IMPORTS OF CANADA.
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
VALUES.
classes.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Oils, cocoanut and palm . .
Oils, other
$
125,994
89,183
$
149,797
148,615
$
132,702
151 412
$
143,339
209 077
$
176,918
194 788
Oiled cloths, all kinds,
cork matting and lino
leum . . ....
1 022 405
1 344 242
1 545 992
2 062 315
1 824 03?
Optical, philosophical,
photographic and
mathematical instru
ments
181 592
272 928
281 751
346 619
312 220
Packages
1,1^3,052
1,327 720
1 364 980
1 672 164
1 679 364
Paints and colours
426,609
431 818
427 632
593 036
570 351
Paper and mfs. of
Hangings of wall paper,
including borders . . .
Printing paper
49,081
222,119
57,163
307 629
61,680
264 791
117,100
286 189
82,353
313 210
Tarred and other build
ing paper
1,836
695
4 444
3 280
4 243
Wrapping paper
5,833
18 253
24 358
14 866
11 415
Other paper and mfs. of
Total ...
750.135
1 029 00^
971,935
1 355 675
1,160,401
1 515 674
1,380,713
1 802 148
1,279,618
1 690 839
Pencils, lead
45,043
45 201
56 842
64 398
59 988
Pens, penholders and
rulers
68 161
75 963
82 435
110 642
100 537
Perfumery, non-alcoholic
Photographic dry plates
Picture and photograph
frames
27,219
19,783
15,489
34,665
24,027
21 680
40,068
36,429
26 929
49,403
44,863
33 746"
48,777
44,139
30 811
Pitch and tar, pine
3,634
5 117
4 767
3 369
882
Plaits, straw, tuscan and
grass
89 801
60 962
86 060
147 475
82 283
Plaster of Paris
587
1.183
2 166
3 871
3 480
Plates engraved on wood
or metaj
289
3 619
5 951
8 330
11 498
Pocketbooks, purses, to
bacco pouches, etc. . . .
54,958
59 796
74 131
118 234
138 6^2
Polish or composition,
knife or other
27 296
48 032
46 015
91 962
114 355
Pomades
63
19
34
34
Post office parcels
264,497
329,892
368 613
410 188
416 092
Precious stones
86,581
152,784
158,596
244 290
17fi,179
Rags, cotton, linen, jute,
etc
171,358
242 493
176 365
229 212
257 129
Regalia and badges
9,806
8,316
18,535
15 013
18,166
Resin
11,661
63,824
25 674
17 484
30 428
Ribbons
655,100
489 826
476 667 j
649 924
656 330
Sand, glass, emery and
flint paper
2,722
6,475
12,486
9 631
12 663
350
TRADE AND COMMERCE
15. Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom in quantities and values by classes
entered for consumption in the five fiscal years 1910-1914 con.
Principal articles by
pi O ^CpQ
C
QUANTITIES.
I
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
V. Manufactures con.
Sauces, catsups and
sov . . . gal.
71,901
93,140
115,938
147,592
125,019
Ships, vessels and repairs
on
Signs of any material and
letters for signs
Silk and manufactures of
Slate
Soap
Common or laundry. Ib.
Castile "
104,342
58,014
166,436
47,374
337,431
176,600
369,504
188,629
265,022
327,525
Toilet
_
Other soap, powders,
etc
Total
_
_
Spices Ib.
1,347,438
1,530,086
1,334,670
1,297,792
1,117,176
Spectacles, eye-glasses,
frames, etc
Spirits
Brandy, including arti
ficial brandy, etc. gal.
Gin of all kinds . . .
Rum
3,813
110,401
53,769
4,978
123,192
57,103
5,368
146,763
68,880
8,762
170,921
75,331
9,353
184,331
65,225
Whiskey "
812,979
955,780
1,195,154
1,450,231
1,525,166
Spirits other
11,979
15,826
20,525
25,950
29,961
Total "
992,941
1,156,879
1,436,690
1,731,195
1,814,036
Starch etc Ib.
483,415
533,966
492,845
600,729
598,459
Stockinettes for manu
facture of rubber boots
Stone, manufactures of . . .
Straw, manufactures of...
Sugar and syrups ... Ib.
Candy and confect ry
Glucose and saccharine "
Molasses g a ^-
34,018,746
3,011,599
1,241,306
27,157,195
4,525,109
432,977
37,919
18,574,417
5,923,722
102,581
48,895
14,597,352
7,280,853
180,191
63,653
5,856,959
38,628
67,500
Surgical and dental instru
ments
_
Tape lines
Teeth, artificial
_
__
_
-
Tin and manufactures of
Tin in blocks, pigs and
bars cwt.
17,140
21,246
22,855
21,135
17,524
Tin plates and sheets "
Tin foil Ib.
551,361
3,990
505,586
6,684
249,472
10,157
160,921
12,204
