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THE
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· BOOK
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CANADA
DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS
THE
CANADA YEAR BOOK
1919
Published by Authority of the
.
Right Hon. Sir George E. Foster, G.C.M.G., M.P.,
Minister of Trade and Commerce.
OTT A Voi' A
THO "1 A S
1 U L V E Y
PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT M "'JESTY
1920
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STATUTE MtLES 350 400 450 bOO
1bO 200 250 300 1__-=-=00
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KILOMETERS 100 800
'JO -3 C!O 4
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co
rrENTS.
Frratum.. .. . .,...
Jtf'tr08J>('Cti ve Indl\x. . . . . .. .......... ......................................................
The Canada \ l'ur Book, 1919... .. . ........
tati.5tical
ummary of the Pro
r' . of Canada .. . .
Index. . . . . .
I. UISTUK i UI Tnt; (
HF. \T \\" \H. 191.J-191
.
By Brill;.- Geneml E. .\. CRt;IK
U\"'I\., LL.D., F.B..
.C., Director of the Historical Section,
General ::;tutf, Department of 'Iilitia and Defence, Uttawa........
APPE
I>I(T:;.
J. AwardsoftheVICTOßlACR
s(\,C.).... ....... .... ..... ... ..............
II.
tati1>ti('al Ahstrn.ct bho\\in
number of 'tilit'\ry Honours and Df'Corations conferred upon
Mombcr:i of the Cn.nadian Exp('ditionary Force. ... .
II. ('IIRO
OI.().a( \L 1I1:-.TUR1 0"- C \X.\D.\. 1-&9.-191'.
III. I-Ui "'ÖIC\I. ('U.\lt.\CTt;RTS'FJ(':-. 0.. C.\S.\D.\.
Geographical Featurt-,.... .. . . .
I. Drain.w;o B:L..in., of Canada. . . . '" .
2. I enJ';ths of Principal Hivers and Tributaries in Canada...
3. Aroo and Elpvation of the Great I akC:'l . .
... \fl
of 1 rincipal Canadian I akes by Provincps. . . .., . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Geology of ('anal la, I !JIb. By \\ Y \TT \IALC01 :\1, J)ep.u-tment of Mines, Ottawa. ,....
IY. AR.:.\ \'0 POI-t'l. \TIO
.
I. I and and Water .\rea or Canada b:r Provin('C8 and Territories ns in 1919.. ....
. Population of C .\nada hy Pro\ inco:'l and Territorie
in tho Cen!'us \ ears 1
71 to 1911
:1. \rea and Population of Cn.nada in HH I by Provinces and Districts .J.nd Population
in 190 I. .., . . .. . .' .' . . . .
.t. Populat ion of (,itit.
and To\\ os hu.vinll; over 5,000 inhabit,mts in 1911 ,compared \\ ith
I:' ï 1-81-91-1 UO I .' . .. . " ,. ... .
å. l"rban Population of Canada hy
i70 Group
, 1901 :md 1911 .... .. .
6. H.uml amll'rbanPopulntion of Canada in 1901 and 1911 by Province
, and increase or
dC<'rf'we in the dl'CUlle . ., . ... . - .. .,
n urnl nnd L'rb:m Population of Canada by Provinces and
exes, 1911.
Populntion of Canada by Sl'
, 1901 and 1911.. .....
Ratio of Fcmalæ to
Inlt's in Huml and {-rb.\n Division ami "aluC'S of Sea Fiqh market('(l in Canada during the calendar year.,
1917 find 1918. . . . .. .... . . _. . . .
4
. Qunntiti
and ValuCOi of Inland Fish nu\rketed in Cunuda during the cnlendnr YE'ars
1917 and HtJR. . . .. . . ... . ...... .........
49. Quantit} and Value of Chief ("onunerciul Fishl'8, 1914- 1.'>to 1916-17 nndl917 and 191K
,tit. Total '" alue of Fishpri("!'I by Provinces in the fisC'al years 1915-1917 nnd calendar Yf'ars
1917,1918... ..... .. " ..... .. ....
.'il. Total Value of the Fisherit'S of Canada in thp 11s('8.1 Yl'an; 1870-1918.
52. ".t.lul.
of 1':c:ports Rnd hnport q of Fi-;h, 1!10.!-IQI8 . . . _ . _ ... ........ . ., .
53. Export:! oC the Fishpri
, the Producc of C,u1J1da, ùy principal countri
. in thp fisC'ul
years 191' and 1919 .. . .. ..... ... . ....
5-1. Fxports of th' Fi..heri
, compare,1 a.
to QuuJ\titiE'S nnd 'alu
, 1917 and 1918 ("000"
omittf'd ). . ..
\lInerals.
55. QuantitiC::l :md Ynluc<\ of
hnl'rals produC'l'd in Canaòa, cnlendnr yearR 1917 Rnd 191R..
56. In('rea!'p or Dl'CrOnSA in Quantitil'H and '" alm.'S of PrinC'ipn.1l\1 incml Product
, for the
Calendar Year 191R,8.'!comparedwith 1917 " ....... .,.
;>>;. Quantitiee ami '"alu
of 'lineralH produ('cd in Canad,\. Calcntlar Yp:lr 1919.. ..
.".'\. IncrE'a...,e or Dl'Cre:L...e in Quantitil.'S and Yulups of Principal
Iineral ProrlUl'ts for the
Calendar Year 1919 us comparcd with 1918... ..... . .. .... .,.
59.
(ineral produ('tion of Canada, comparpd as to Quantity and Ynlue, for Calendar
YpnrsI91iandI918....... '" ....... ......... .....
ltD. 'nlue of '[im
rnl Produ('tion in Canada, 1885-1919........ . . .. ..... ..... ..... ...
51. Yaluc of
Iincrals produ('ed in Canada by ProvinC'P8 in the Calendar \ enr
J917,
1918 and 1919 . .. . . .. p .. ........ . . . . . .. . . .. ..... ...........
,
. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces durfng t he Calendar Y pars
1901-1919............ ..... ... .... .... . . . ........
C:1. Yalue of Gold produced in Canada by Provinccs durin
the Calendar 'Years 1901-1919
,to Quantity anù Yalue of :;ilver produced in Canarla during the Calendar \: ears 1887-
1919 .... .... . . __ .. _ " .. ...... ... . " . . .... .
G:). Quantity and '"aluo oC
ilvl'r proùuced in Canada hy Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1901-1919 ............ . . ..... ..... .. ... .. ..... ".
tl6. Quantity and , Rlue of Copper prorluced in Canada by Provinces durin
the Calendar
\ ears 1901-1919.. '" .. . . .... . . . . . .
'7. Quantity and "alue oC :\"ickel produced in Canada durin
the Calendar Years 1889-
1919 .. . . .... .. '" _ .
6.... Production of Principal
finerals in Canarla, for the Call'ndar Years 1909-1919.. . ...
69. Production of \
b
tos and .\sbl,,,tic in ("anarla for the Calendar \ ears 1909-1919, . .
70. Production of Cemcnt in Canada for the Calendar Years 1902-1919.....
Iron Bla.<:t Furnac
in Can'\rla in 1918......
Flcctric
'
rnace l
lant!< in Canada in 1918 .
(in('s Dppartments of Provinchl Government!". .
71. '"alUE> oC the '[ineml Production of Quehec, 1900-1
_ .
;
.. Pro>. Quantity and Vnlue of the norld's Production of Gold and Silver for the Calendar
Years 1917 and 191 S. .. . . .. .... _ . . . " ........
I'. Imports into Canada oC Portland Cement, 1898-1919. ....,......... _ . .
II. Impo
ts into Can
a or -\nthracite and Bituminous Coal for home con!':umption
durmJ!thefisC'al}carsI901-1919. . ..... .........
,
. Exports of Coal the produce of Canada, 1903-1919.... .. . .... .
;9. Exports of
finpral Produf'ts, compared as to Quantity and Value, Cor the fiscal
years ended
[ar. 31, 19J8 and 1919
o.
1.
2.
3.
'Ianufaeture!ol.
:,tatiqtic", of
lanufactures of Canada, 1915 and 1917, an EHtablishments, Irrespective
of Number of Employees... ..... ... . ...
Statistics oC
fanufaC'tures by Provinces, 1915 and 1917. .... . . . . . . . .
Htatistics of
[anufacture8 by Provinces, 1900, J90,=;, 1910, 1915 and 1917..
tatistics of
fanufacturCb, 1917..... ..................... .......................
P"GE.
239
241
241
241
242
243
243
244
245-246
246
247
247-249
250
:?io-251
251
252
252
252
253
25.)-256
256
257
258
258-259
259
260
2f.O
260-261
261
261
262
262
263
264
264
2M
2fì,s
265-268
266
267
268
268
269-270
270
271
271
271-272
275
275
276
277-283
VI
Manufactures-con.
St. Establishments and Total Production by Group Values, 1915 and 1917 .. .. . -
85. Male and Femalø Employees, on Salaries and Wages, by Provinces, 1917....
86. Number of Employees by Weekly Wage Groups, 1917.. . ........ . .. ....... ......
81. Wage Earners classified by Groups of Industries and of Wages, 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Powers of Canada.
By J. B. CHALLlES, C. E. (Tor.), M.E.I.C., Director of Water Power, Department of the Interior,
Ottawa ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..................................................
88. Water Powers of the British Empire.... ... ,......... ......, .,. ............. .......
89. Water Powers of Foreign Countries... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
90. Water Powers in Canada by Provinces, 1919........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VßI. TRADE AND COMl\IERCE.
1. Aggregate Exterl}al Trade o.f Canada, 1868-1920........ .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .
2. Movement of Com and BUllion, 1868-1918....... .. .... ... .. ., .. . . .. . ...,..........
3. Duties Collected on Exports, 1868-1892, and on Imports for Home Consumption.
1868-1920..., ,. . .. ..............................................................
l. Ratio of Exports to Imports and Value per capita of Exports, Imports and Total
Trade, 1868-1919,...... ........................................................
5. Exports to the United Kingdom, t.o the United States and to Other Countries of
Merchandise the produce of Cana da, 1868-1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
6. Imports from t
e United Kingdom, from the U!1ited St.ates and from Other Countries
of
Ierchandlse entered for Home Consumption, 1868-1920. ......... ... ...........
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the United Kingdom, to the United States, to
Other Countries and to All Countries, by Classes of Merchandise, in fi. ve year
averages and for the fiscal years 1911-1919...................... . ...... . ..... .....
8. Values 01 Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to All Countries,
by Classe-s of Merchandise the Produce of Canada, 1916-1919. .. ....,. . ......... . .
9. Value of Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from All
Countries by ClasRes of Merchandise ent.ered for Home Consumption, 1916-1919...
tJ. Value of Canadian Merchandise Exported to the United Kingdom, United States
and other Countries by Classes, during the fiscal years 1918 and 1919. ............
11. Value of Merchandlse Imported for Home Consumption from the United Kingdom,
United States and other Countries, by Classes, during the fiscal years 1918 and
1919......... . '" .. . ... ......................................... ..............
n. Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, Unit.ed States and All Countries in quantities
and values, by classes of home produce in the four fiscal years 1915-191'8. .,. .. . .. .
13. Imports of Canada, from the United Kingdom, the United States and AI! Countries,
in quantities and values, by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal
years 1915-1918..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .,. .........
U. QlÌantities and Values ot Principal Articles Imported into and Exported from Canada
during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1919.... " . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . " .. . . .. .. " . . . .
15. Vnlu(>s of Exports which may be classed as Manufactures in the four fiscal years 1915-
1918. . ............... ................... .............. .....................
16. Summary of Values of Exports to the United Kingdom, to the United States and to
Other Countries of Home Produce which may-be classed as Manufactures in the
four fiscal year!" 1915-1918........ . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ., " . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .
17. Values of Imports which may be classed as Manufactures in the four fiscal years 1915-
1918. .... .... ................ . ... .... .. .. .., . .., ... '" . ..... ..... ...... ... ....
18. Summary of Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from
Other Countries, which may be classed as ManufacturE'S, in the four fiscal years
1915-1918...... . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19. Values of Exports (domestic and foreign) to the British and Foreign West Indies, by
Countries, during the fiscal years 1917-1919........... . . .. ... .'. . ..... . ... . .... .
20. V ahles of Imports entered for home consumption (dutiable and free) from the British
and Foreign West Indies, by Countries, during the fiscal years 1917-HH9. . . .......
21. Value of Imports and Exports from and to British and :Foreign West lndies, 1901-1919.
22. Percentage Proportions of Imports from United Kingdom and United States, rpspect-
iyely, to totals of dutiable and free in the 19 fiscal years 1901-1919..... . . .. " . ... .
23. Average ad valorem Rates of Duty collected on Imports from United Kingdom,
United States and All Countries in the 52 fiscal years 1868-1919...... .. .. . . . . . . ...
24. Value of Total Exports and Imports entered for home consumption, and the duty collect-
ed thereon, at certain Ports, during the fiscal years ended l\'[arch 31, 1918 and 1919.
'l;). Imports of certain Articles of Raw Material for home consumption, 1902-1919.......
26. Import
of Canada by values entered ior consumption from British Empire and
ForeIgn Countries, under the General, Preferential, and Treaty Rate Tariffs in the
four fiscal years 1916-1919. .., . ......... . ....... .... .. ....... . . .. . . ...... .. .. . ...
21. o\ggregate Trade of Canada by Countries for the fiscal year endod March 31, 1919...
28. Values of Exports from Canada of Home Produce to the Britis h Empire and to
Foreign Countries in thf' five fiscal ye:1rs 1915-1919..... . . . . .. ., . . . . . . . . . . ......
2'. Valu
s. of Impo
ts into Canada of .Merchandise entered for Consumption, from the
Briush Emplre and from Formgn Countries, in the five fiscal years 191.5-1919:
also of Coin and Bullion... ....
30. Value of Merchandi8
imported into'
d'
xported' r
'è
a:d
Ù
ro
gi; th
'ü
ii
d
States during the fiscal ypars ended March 31, 1917-1918. .. .... ................
31. Qu.antities an
Valu
s of Selected Anin;tal and Agricultural Food Products imported
mt.othe Umt
d Kmgdom, byCountneswhenceimported, during the five calendar
years, 1914-1.18........ . . . '" . . ., . . . " . . . .. ... .........,.......................
32. QuantitiE'S and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products exported from the
United States to Principal Countries for the years ended Ju';e 30, 1914-1918. ......
PAGE."
284
284
284
285
285-288
286
286-287
287
290
291
292
293
294
295
296-298
299
300
301
301
302-327
327-361
362-368
368-369
369
370
371
372
372
373
373
374
374-375
376
377-318
378-379
380
381
382
383-387
388-405
\"11
Grain :o,taUo,Ur!'o.
J:t Number and
torage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years 190í.
1919 ...... '" .... ..
3.. Quantities of Grain inspected during tho f1:-ra) year
i917-igiÓ :...... ..........::::
35. Quantities of Grain ill5pectE'd during the fi"'C'31 } cars ended March 31, HH4-1919..
36. Shipments of Grain by ve:.;
els from Fort William and Port Arthur for the navigatio
seasons 1918 and 1919. ." ". . .. .......
37. Shipments of Grain by ves8C'ls find all-rail route from }'ort Willia
'
d Port .ÅrÙ
for tbe crop years ended Augu"it 31, 1918 and 1919... .
ßnuntl..
.
S. Bounties paid in Canalla on I.e:1d, 1"
}!1-1918
:19. Bounties paid in Canada on Crude Petroleum, 1!IO,;-1919
Paten...... ('ol))r.
ht. Tracff' 'larks. Etc.
4.. :-Jumber of Canadian Patf'ntee
by Pro"inf'l.... of He:,idence, for the f18cal years 1910-
1919.. ...... '" .
IX. 'J'It.\''''PORT\flO:-'' \XI> ('()Jnn',"I('.\TIO
.
(l'am Rall"a)
.
1. Record of Steam Rai1way )Iilcage, Ih35-191ð .......
2.
team HnilVtay
lileaKe by Provinces, 1911-191'\....... .. ..........
3. Capital Liability of
tcam Rail\\3.Ys, 18i6-1918......... ... . . .. '" . .......... ...
t. AreAS of Land Subsidics grunted to
team Rn.ilwa}'s by the Dominion and Provincial
Governments up to June 30, 1918......." ............. ......................
5.
Iileage, Capita), Earnings and Operatin
Expenses of Steam Rail\\ays, 1918........
5. Steam Railway
tatistics, 1901-1918 ............. .. . .. .." .. . .. . ..... '"
7. Farnjn
s and Operating Expenqeg of Steam Railways per mile of line, 1909-1918......
s. Distribution of Operatin
Expenseä of Rteam Railways, 1916-1918.... .. .. . .. . . .
9. Aid to Railways in the form of Guarantee
of Bond.s, Interest, etc", by the Dominion
and Provincial Governments, up to June 30, 191.').. . _ _ ........ " ...............
Anal r sis of the Total Financial.\id given to 8team Railways up to June 30, 1918....
Tota Amount of Dominion GovernmentAid paid to f::;tcam Railways up to June 30
of each year, 1901-1918........."...... ,. . . .. . . . " ... ....". '" . . . .. ....
Cost of Construction, Working Expeltilcs and Revenue of Go\"ernment Railways, IS68-
1900, and 1901-1918, and before Confedl,ration....... ............ _...........
Capital Expenditure by Dominion Government for construction of Government
Steam Railway
to
[arch 31, 1918,. " ..............
){ileage and Rolling Stock of Steam Rail\\ays, 1913-1918.
Frei
ht handled by Steam Rail\\ays, 1914-1918. .... ... . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .
Total Salaries and W
es, with Ratios of same to gro::.d Earnings and Operating
Expenses on Steam Railways, 1907-1918......... . .. . . . . ... . ". ....... .
Xumber of Steam Railway Employees and .\mount of
alaries and Wa
es, 1911-1918
1\umber of Passe
ers, Employees and Others Killed n.nd Injured on Stf'am Rai1-
ways, 1888-1918.. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . " . . . .... _ . . . . . " ..... ..
Xumber of Persons IÜlled and Injured on Steam Railways, 1916-1918
19.
U.
u.
13.
H.
15.
16.
n.
l
.
.
tt.
J:lectrlc Rallwa) s.
6. Electric Railway Statistics, 1901-19IS.... ..... ."..
21.
Iileage and Equipment of Electric Railways, 1916-191ð. ........... ...
. Capital Liability of Electric }tail\\sys, 1908-1918........
... ...... . .... .. .......... ....................
"'!:I.
Iilea
e, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Railways, 1918.......
21.
umber of Pa.qsengers, Emplo)'ees and others Killed and Injured on Electric Rail-
\\ays, 1894-1918........... . .. .. ... .. .. .....
J\lotor ,. (Illicit'".
25.
umber of Motor Vehicles registered in Canada by Provinces, 1914-1919.....,......
26. Speed Limits in miles per hour for
Iotor Vehicles by Provinces. ..." ""........,..
Express Companies.
27. Operating )fiJeage of Express Corrpanies in Canada, 1916-1919.......... ....... ......
"Ì \. Operating Expenses of Express Companies, 1915-1918........ . . . . . . .
B. Operating Expenses of Express Companies, 1919................. .........
2!. Business transacted by Express Companies in financial paper, 1916-1919 ..
30,. Earnings of Express Companies, 1915-1918...... ,...... ,... .......
3OB. Earnings of Express Companies, 1919......
('anal
.
:U. Canal Traffic during the Navigation Season 1918.. ., . ." . . .......
32. Distribution of Toto.) Canal Traffic by
Ionths, 1913-1918...... ..
33. Distribution of Canal Traffic in Canada, 1918..."...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
34. Tonnage of Traffic by Canals and Classes of Products, 1917-1918... ................
3.). Principal Articles carried through Canadian canals during the Navigation Seasons
1917 and 1918......... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36. Traffic through the Canadian Sault 8te. "}Iarie Canal during the
avigation Seasons
1898-1918........ ....... ..., ............ . .... ........ . . .......... ...... ...., ......
3'. Traffic throu
h Canadian Canals during the Kavigation Seasons 1911-1918.:.. ....
38. Total Expenditure and Revenue of Canals 1868-1918, and before conCederatlon. ......
PAGE.
406--408
409--411
411-412
413
413
414
414
415
420
420
421
421
422-424
424
425
425
425
426
426
427
427
428
428-429
430
430
430
431
432
432
433
433-434
435
438
438
439-440
440
441
441
441-442
442
444
144
444
445
445-446
446
446-448
449
VUJ
Canals-con.
39. Capital Expenditure for Construction and Enlargement of Canals 1868-1918 and before
Confederation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ............. ...................................
-10. Traffic through the Panama Canal, August, 1914, to June, 1919........... .. .. ... ....
.n. Traffic through the Panama Canal by Nationality of Vessels, for the fiscal years
ended June 30, 1916-1919.... . . . . .. , . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .
Shipping.
-12. ::;ea-going Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) Entered and Cleared at Canadian
Ports during the fiscal years 1918 and 1919...... .................................
-13. Sea-going Yessels Entered and Cleared at the Principal Ports of Canada, 1918.......
4t. Sea-going Vessels Entered Inwards and Outwards by Countries, 1918................
45. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at Canadian Ports with Cargo and in Ballast,
1902-1919....... , . .. ...... .. . . . ... . . . . ., .. .,. . .... .... ., .. .. ...... ...,......
46. Rea-going and Inland Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) arrived at and departed
from Canadian Ports, 1906-1919......................................... .........
4i. British and Foreign Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade of Canada, 1914-1918..
48. Canadian and American Yessels trading on Rivers and Lakes between Canada and
Cnited States, exclusive of ferriage, 1914-1918.. .. ... ....... ...... ... . ... ...... .
49. Vessels built and registered in Canada and Vessels sold to other Countries, 1901-1919
50. Xumber and Net Tonnage of 'Tessels on the Registry of Shipping, Canada, 1914-1917
51. Steamboat Inspection during the fiscal year 1917-1918.......... . . .. . . . . . . . , ...... ...
52. Number of Seamen Shipped and Discharged at Canadian Ports, 1908-1917. ...... ...
53. Canadian Wrecks and Casualties, for the years ended June 30, 1870-1900 and 1901-1918
M. Comparative Statement of Marine Danger Signals, 1908-1918.... ...................
55. Revenue of the Department of Marine, 1914-1918. . . ...... ... ...... .... ... '" .... .. .
56. Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 1914-1918....................... .........
57. Total Revenue and Expenditure of the Department of
farine, 1868-1918........ ... ..
Tel('graphs and Telephones.
5S. Telegraph
tatistics of Chartered Companies, 1910-1919. .. ., .. . .. .. . .... . . ...... .. .
59. Coast Stations for Communication by Wireless Telegraphy with Ships at Sea, fiscal
year 1919-20,. . .. .. . . .. . , . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . " . . ..:. . . . '" . ...... ... .... '"
60. Canadian Government Steamers equipped with the Radiotelegraph... .......... ...
61. Business and Cost of :\Iaintenance of Radiotelegraph Stations for the fiscal years
1917-1918 and 1918-1919... . . . .. . ., " ." .., .... ...... ,......... '............. ...
62. Progress of Telephones in Canada, 1916-1919.......... ., "'" ...... ........ . _" .
63. Number of Telf'phone Companies reporting to the Department of Railways and
Canals, by Provinces, June 30, 1918 and 1919, with totals for 1914-15-16-17.... ... .
6t. Telephones in use and Mileage of Wire by Provinces, June 30, 1918 and 1919, with
totals for 1914-15-16-17.... ..... ...................,...........................
65. Wire )li1eage of Telephones by Classes of Wire, June 30, 1918 and 1919... ...........
66. Capital
iabi1ity, Cost, Revenue and Operating Expenses of Telephones, June 30,
1918 and 1919, with totals for 1914-1915-1916-1917...,.............................
Postal Statistics.
6i. Revenue and Expenditure of the Post Office Department for the quinquennial years
1890-1910 and for the years 1911-1919.... .. . . . . . . ., .. . ..... .. . ..... .
68. Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions, 1917-1919........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... .
69. Operation of the Money Order System in Canada, 1901-1919........... ..........
70. Money Orders by Provinces, 1915-1919. .......................................,...
';l.
umber and Total Values of Postal Notes, 1914-1919........ ....... . .. ....... '" ,..
12. Issue of Postage Stamps, etc., 1918-19...................
x. LABOUR.
1. Time Losses by Industries in Working Days, 1901-1918.. .. ... ....................
2. Xumber of Disputes, Establishments. Employees and Time Losses, 1901-1918.......
3. Disputes Classified by Industries, 1901-1918..... . . . ....... ........ ............. ....
4. Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices by Groups of Commodities, 1918....... . .......
5. Index)\umbers of all Commodities by Groups, 1891-1918...........................
6. Weekly Cost of a Family Budget of Staple Foods, Fuel and Lighting and Rent in
terms of the Average Prices in 60 Canadian Cities, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1915-1917......
7. Weekly Cost of a Family Budget of Staple Foods, Fuel and Lighting and Rent in
terms of the Average Prices of the cities in each province of Canada, 1910-14, Decem-
ber 1914-18. .
8.
um
er of Re
l
'
l' c
i 'PI
c
nt
' t
gh 'ih
'Ë
pi
ÿ
i' S
i
'
f
Canada, )Iarch 1, 1919, to January 3, 1920......... ....... '" ....... . ......... ...
XI. FINAN<-'E.
Public Accounts.
1. Receipts and Expenditures on Consolidated Fund Account, 1915-1919... ........ .....
2. Detai1ed Receipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1915-1919... '" .............
3. Detailed Expenditure on Conso1idated Fund Account, 1915-1919.. ...................
. '';ar Tax Revenue during the fiscal years ended :MarC'h 31, 1915-19...... .:........
5. "ar Tax Revenue collected by the Inland Revenue Department by Provmces, dur-
ing the fiscal year ended March 31, 1919.. . . ..... ............................. .
6. Population and Revenue and Expenditure per head, 1868-1919...................
7. Public Debt of Canada, :\Iarch 3i, 1915-1919........ . . . .. ...... .......... .,. .....
8. Assets of the Public Debt of Canada, )Iarch 31, 1915-1919..... ... ... .. . .
9. Total Liabilities of Canada, :\larch 31, 1915-1919....................., ..............
10. Fun
e(
Debt payable in London and Canada, )larch 31, 1919........ . ... . . .. .' . ....
11. SubsidIes and other Payments of DOJ'1inion to Provincial Governments, 1914-1919.
12. Total of Subsidy Allowances from July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1919.... .. ..... . .. .... .
PAGE.
450
451
452
453
454
455-456
456
457
457-458
458
459
459
460
460
461
461
461
462
463
464-465
466-467
468
468
469
469
470
470
471-472
471-472
472-473
473
474
475
475-476
478
478
479
482
483
484
485
486
488
488-489
489-490
490
490-491
491
492
492
492
493
494
494
I'\.
Inland Rl'\'t'llUl'.
13. Fl.l'i
t\ nod otllt'r Ht,\t'nut'S for the fi
l':al years 1H14-1919.
H. :-\tutistiC'8 of Da
tillution for the ti
{'ß1 Yl'lU'tI 1915-1919.. ....... . ". .. ... ....
I,'). (
uuntitil'8 of :-:pirit",
{alt Liquor,
[alt and Tobncco, tnk("n out of Bond for Con-
tlumption, 19J.1-UH9. _ ... " .... .. .. .. ..........
16. Consumption pt'r tu'ad of :--pirit8, \\ inl', Bl'l'r and TobacC'o, and amount of Exdse and
('u
tom:! Duties pt.'r lu'ud, in the Fil'4C'U1 )enrs UH2-HH9........ . ....
17. Xumbt'r of E'\:C'isC' Licen
':i issU(.d durinll: the Fiscal YeareI911-1919
I
. :\"umbl'r of Electric I i
ht und PO\H'r Compunil's r istered und
'th
Eie
tri
ity
In8pt'('tion Act in th.. Fiscal Ye.nrs 1912-19 _.... ....,. .... .... ... ...
I'. EIl'<'tricnl Ent.'r
y genl'rah'd or produC'ed for Export and for Consumption in Canada
undl'r tho authority of the Elcctricity and Fluid Exportation Act during the Fiscal
\ ('a1"8 1915-1918
20.
%1.
22.
23.
%1.
IJro,lnclal Public '\('('oUIlIs.
\nnual Revf'nur nnd Expenditure of the Pro\ inC'ial Governments, 1916-1918..... . ,
Cln..'>sified :-\ummRr
:-;tatenu'nt of ()rdinary Heceipts of Provincial Governments
for their reflpecti\c tiscal }eaTS 1916-17-18.. ...... . ...............
ChL"sified Summary of Onlinar) Expenditur(" of Provincial Governments, 1916-191R
:-:)tutement of .\
l't'i ancl r iahiliti
of EI('('tric Departments of )luniC'ipnlities served
b)' the Ontario Jlydro-Ell'Ctric PO\\er Commis
ion for the Calendar Years 1914-17
tut('mcnt of ERrnin
"i and Opt'rutin
Fxpt'n...ps of Elef'fric Def>nrtm('nts of Munici-
p:tliti{l:'! of CharterPfI Bunks for the Cal('ndar \ ears 1916-1919 '" . . . . ......
Amount of Exdmne;
of the ClrarinJl; 1I0u
e
of Chartered Ranks, 1915-1919.....
Hl"ierve or n.
t Fund held by Chartererl Bunks, by months, 1910-1919........ "
Additional Bank H
C'rvps, with Liabiliti
, 1892-1919 .
Ratio of Bank Re
l'rv
to Xet Liabilitil'8.... ... ........
Busin<'S'3 of the Post Officp
avine;s Banks, fiscal yearR 1915-1919.... . .......
Rusiness of the Dominion Govprnment :-\avin
s Ranks, fiscal ypan- 1915-1919. .. .
Tntal Ru
int'SS of P()::)t Office und Dominion Government Saving" Banks, fiscal years
1915-1919.. .,. . ....
")-
.d.
%6.
%7.
'.
29.
3Ci.
31.
3"!.
33.
3...
35.
36.
37.
3'\.
39.
..n.
U.
-&"!.
-13.
H.
-15.
"G.
H.
-I":.
19.
50.
I.oan and Tru
t Companies.
T.iabilities and Assets of Loan Compani
, 1914-1918...
Liabilities and Ai>sets of Trust Compames, 1914-1918....
Inv
tments on Trust Account.
!tural Credit in Canada. . .
Commercial (I'allu"'t's.
5-1. ('ommerciul Failures in Canada, by Provinces, for the Calendar years 1918 and 1919
55. Commer('ial Failures in Canada, by Branches cf Business, 1917-1919... .., . . . . .
56. Commercial Failures in Canada, by Provinces and Classes for 1919, with totals for
190
-1918... ... .... .... . .... ..... .. . .. .. . .. . .
57. Commercial Failures and Ru
iness Confidence in Canada. 1900-HH9 (Bradstreet)....
5
. Commercial Fsilures and Business Confidence in Canada, 1900-1919 (Dun). _...
.i1.
-')
,)n
.')3.
P.WE.
4!}6
497
497
4!17
4m;
4!18
499
,')01
502-503
502-505
505-506
507
:;06-511
512
514
515
515
515
516
516
517
518
.')20
521
522
523
524
524
525
525
526
5'27
527
528
5'2!l
529
529
530
530
531
531
532-542
542
543
544 545
546
547
(.O\ernment Annuities.
5
.
umber of Immediate Annuitie", of ea('h amount paid in full from September 1,1908,
to
[arch 31, 1919. . ............ ..... .. ........ .... . ." . . ...... .... . . ......... 548
6
t. Xumber of Deferred -\nnuities of each amount purchased by lump sums, lump
um
find annual payments, and periodical payments, from Sf'ptember I, 1908, to :March
31 1919 . . .. ..... . 00_'_" .,. ., 549
61. Valu
tion
)i:
r
h 31, 1919, of Annuity Contracts issued pursuant to the Government
Annuiti
AC't, 1908.... ........................ _ . . . .. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
x
6
.
G3.
64.
Jnsuranct'.
Fire Insurance Business traI18acted in Canada, 1918.... .. .... . . " ...... . . ...... .... .
Amounts received for Fire Insurance Premiums and paid for Losses, with percentage
of Losses to Premiums, 1869-1918., ..... .. . . ..... . .. .... , ... ................. ....
Totals of Fire Insurance Premiums received and LossE',s paid, with percentage of
Losses to Premiums by Nationality of Companies, 1869-1918..... .. .. ...... ....
Fire Insurance Premiums received and Losses paid by Canadian Companies doing
business in Canada and other Countries, with percentage of Losses paid to Pre-
miums received, 1878-1918......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount of Fire Insurance at risk in Canada, 1869-1918....... . . , . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assets of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and other
classes of Insurance, and Assets in Canada of Companies other than Canadian
transacting such business Ìl1 Canada, 1914-1918...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and other
classes of Insurance, and Liabilities in Canada of Companies other than Canadian
transacting such business in Canada, 1914-1918...................... _ _. _.......
Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance or Fire
Insurance and other classes of Insurance, and Cash Income and Expenditure in
Canada of Companies other than Canadian transacting such busÌl1ess in Canada
1914-1918.... . . .. . . .. .... . ......... . . . . " . . " . . ., ... . .. . '" . . .. " .... . .. . . . ..... .
Amount of Net Premiums written and Net T..osses incurred by ProvÌl1ces in Canada,
by Canadian, British and American and other Companies transacting Fire Insur-
ance, 1918,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life Insurance in Canada, 1914-1918.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance Death-rate in Canada, 1915-1918... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assets of Canadian Life Companies and Assets in Canada of Life Companies other
than Canadian Companies, 1914-1918... ...... ............................... ....
Liabilities of Canadian Life Companies and Liabilities in Canada of Life Companies
other than Canadian Companies, 1914-1918......... . . . . . . . .,. . .. . . . . .. . ... ... . .. .
CMh Income and Expenditure of Canadian Life Companies and Ca..,h Income and
E-q>enditure in Canada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies, 1914-
1918................ ........... .. '" ...........................................
Net Amount of Life Insurance in force in Canada, 1913-1918...... ..... ............ .
Premium Income of IJife Companies, 1913-1918..... . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .
Life Insuran('e on Assessm(>nt Plan, 1914-1918............ .......... ............. ,...
Canadian War Claims Incurred, 1914-1918...................................... ..,
Insurance other than Fire and Life, 1918........ . . . .. , . . . " ...... ..................
Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies doing
Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1918.... '" . . ........ ........ .......
Income and Expenditure in Canada of Com panies other than Canadian, doing Business
other than Fire and Life, 1918.... . . . . . . . ., .. . _.. ... . . . . . . . .. ...
Dominion and Provincial Fire Insurance in Canada ,1918... ....... .... ...... ......
Dominion and Provincial Insurance in Canada, other than Fire and Life, 1913.......
Dominion and Provincial Insurance in Canada, other than Fire and Life, 1918......
Dominion and Provincial Ufe Insurance in Canada, 1918..................... .....,.
Fire Insurance effected on property in Canada, under Rection 129 of the Insurance Act,
1917, by Companies, Associations or Underwriters not licensed to transact business
in Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
65.
G6.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
XII. AD:\IINISTRATION.
Parliamentary Representation.
1. Representation in t.he House or Commons, according; to the Districts of the Repre-
sentation Act, 1914.... . " ... . . . . . . . . . ... ......, .. ..........' ............. .......
2. Governors-General of Canada, 1867-1919... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .
3. Dominion Parliaments, 1867-1919.... . .. ... .., " ,.............. ....................
4. Dominion Ministries, 1896-1919....... ..... . ................................ .......
5. Lieutenant-Governors of Provinces, 1867-1919......... . . . . . . . ...... .......... .......
Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research......... . . . . . . . . .
Pu bUe Lands.
G. Distribution of the Surveyed Areas in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, 8.') at
January 1, 1919....... .. . . .... . . .. . . .. " . ... ... .............................,...
7. Land Sales by Railway Companies having Government Land GrantB, and by the
Hudson's Bay Company, in the fiscal years :i917-1919............. .............
8. Homestead entries in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, by
Nationalities, made during the fiscal years 1914-1919... .... . . " . . . ... ..........
9. Receipts of Patents and Homestead Entries in the fiscal years 1915-1919............
Department of the Secretary of State.
10. Naturalizations in Canada by Principal Nationalities during the Calcndar Years
1908-1917....... . . . _ ..... _ . . . _ . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Naturalizations in Canada by Principal Nationalities effected under the N aturaliza-
tion Act, 1914, during the Caipndar Year
1915-1918. .. ... ... .............. ......
Indian Affairs.
12. Indian Population in Canada, by Provinces, 1911-1917. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. Distribution of Indian Population by Age, Sex and Province, with Births and Deaths
by Provinces, 19] 7.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U. Religlon of Indian Population, by Provinces, as at March 31, 1917........ . . . . . . . . . . .
15. Attendance of Pupils at Indian Schools, by Provinces, 1918.... ., . .. ,.. .... .........
16. Acreage and Value of Indian La.nds, by Provinces, 1918..... _ .,. ., .........
17. Area and Yield of Field Crops of Indians, by Provinces, 1918.... . . . .......... ......
IS. Numbers of Farm Live Stock of Indians, with Total Values, by Provinces, 1918... .
19. Sources and Value of Income of Indians, 1918..... . . . ..... .. ... . . .. ...... .... .......
PAGE.
552-554
555
555
556
556
557
558
559-560
560
561-5ß2
562
563
564
565-566
566
566
567
568
568
569
569-570
570
571
571-572
572
573
575-577
577
578-579
579-582
582-ð83
584-587
588
589
592-593
593
594
595
596
596
597
597
597
598
598
599
Xl
Pul.lk "or"'",.
O. Dimf'nsioßS of Gruving Docks 0\\ ned by the Dominion GO\T'rnment ..... . .
21. Uinll'l1.'!ions and COdt of Graving Do('ks sub
idized under the Dry Dock :;ubsidics
Act, 1910 .... __. .... . . ......
. Expl'nditure and Revonue of the Public Works Dcp3rtment for the fiscal ypars
1915-1919......... ... .. . .
Harbour Commisc:ions. 601-60:!; NatioMJ Gallery. 602.
Puhlil. J)t.(l'IU'('.
2:1. Expl'nditure and Hevenue of 'Iilitia fur the Fiscal Year:i, 19U-1918..."..... ... .....
2-1. Fxpl'nditure on ÂCl'ount of \\:Lf .\ppropriation for the
l'ar endl'd 'larch 31, 1918.....
2...
c.ale of .\nnual Ppnsions
rn.ntl'd to Delwndcnt:. of Deceased Sailors and Soldiers of
the Cwmdial1 Xu\'al Forces and the Canadian Expeditionary Force, as effective
on:::l'ptembl'rt, 1919......, ..... .... " .. . .......... ......_
U.
('alo of Annual Pensions to Disahled Sailors and Soldiers of the Canadian Naval
Forces, and the Canudian EXPNlitionary }<'or('e, as l'ffl,('ti\re on September I, 1919.
7. Kumbpr of Pl'nsions in force on 'larch 31, 1919, und the Yearly Liability incurred
t Ill'rron _ . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . .. . .. _ ............. ........
Royal Military College, 610; Naval Sen'i('e. 611; Royal Naval College. 611.
. :::tr('nJ?;th and Distribution of tht> R01'al
orthwest )lountcd Polico on Septcmber
30, 1918......... '" ....... .... ......... ...,..,.............. . . .
('rlmlnal S'aU..Uts and PenitentiarIes.
!!,. CharJ!;e8, Convíctiol1.'! and Perccnta
es or Acquittals for Indíctahle Offences by Prov-
incl'S, 1916, 1917 and 1!1I!3 . _ _"" .., ...
30. IndictableOffl'n('t'sbyCla'lsps,HHiandHH8.. ......... .
.U. Con\ i('tions and :-:l'ntences for all Offcnces, bv Prodnces, 1912-1918.... ...........
32. Ju\'Cnilc Criminlt.l
convicted of Incli('tabll' Offen('cs by Clabs" of Offence, 1918, with
the total and Ye..Lrly averßgf' for tho pcriod IsS5-191S. .. ... ....... . ......
3.'1. Chur
, Acquittals, Con"\ ictions and Sentences in r
p 'ct or Indictable Offences,
1913-1918................. ... .... .... .
3-1. C'!:L,"sifi('ation of nersons C'onvirted of Indictable Offences, 1912-1918....
3,). Con"\ictions by ChL,"
l
of Off t'n('f' , 1912-191". ..
:16. C'onvi('tions for Drl1nkenn('
s for tht, fi\'c years, 1911-1918.
:11. Population of Penal Institutions, 1917-1918.
:
'\.
Iovemcnt of Con\'Ïcts, 1914-1919 ... .. . .. . I. . ..
39. Xumber of De.aths. Es('apes. Pardons and Parol,s. 1914-1919".....
-10. \
e of Convicts, 1914-1919... "" . ....
,II. Clas!-ification of Convicts, 1914-1919.. ....... ..
ÐI,ortl'.
i'.!.
tati
ti('S of Divorcc, 1R68-19IS...............
Organization 01 Canadian Official Statistics.. . . . . . . . . . . .
Acts of Parliament alld Publlc-.anon...
List of the PrincipaL\ctsof Parliament li.dministered by Departmpnts of the Go\'ernment of the
Dominion of Canada, as compiled from information supplied by the respective Departments.
List of Principal Publications of Dppartments of the GO\"l'rnment of the Dominion of Canada,
as compiled from information supplied b}' the respective Departments. .. . . . . . . .
List of Principal Publications of the Provin('ial Governments of Canada, as compiled from in-
formation suppJied by the re
pective Governrnents. ..
. .,..
PM;F..
600
600
601
603-604
605-606
607
603-609
610
612
613
614
614-615
616
616
617
618-619
620
620
621
621
622
622-623
623-624
625-627
627-629
629-637
637-644
:\.In. I..'GI
L.-\.T'()X \
0 PKI'{'lIt \L t:"fu'TS Ot' TilE I E-\R 1919.
Dominion r cgislation, 1919 ... ...... ....... . . 644-652
Provincial Legislation, 1919. - - - . . . . . . . . . 652-665
PrincipaIEventsoftheYt'3rI919...... ... .. ." ..... ... ................. 665-678
\ïsit of the Prince of Wales, 665: Other DistinJl;uiRhed \ï8itors, 665; Canada at the Peace Con-
fefl'nc
, 666; Anniversary of the Armistice of 1918, 667; Provincial General Elections, 667;
Hir;!;h Cost of Lh inJl;, 668; Industrial Cnrest. 668; Western Interprovincial Labour Confer-
f'nce, 668: The "innipl'1l; f'trike, 669; Royal C'ommis:.ion on Indm,trial Rdations. 670;
ational lndu:-trial C'onfercn('e, 670: Trad('S and Labour Congr
s, 670; Hnternational Labour
Conferf'ncc at Washin
ton, 671; Department of Roldiers' Civil Re-Establishment. 671; Land
ettl('mpnt of Rrturned
oldiers, 672: War
cn'i('e Gratuities, 673; National Education
Conference, 674: Xational Confer('nce of Wompn, 67t: Rocial Rervi('e )[oveml'nt, 675; Inter-
provincial Conference on \\ ater PO\\ er. 676; Control of \Vheat )farketing, 677; Cessation of
Food and Fuel Control, 677; Heconstruction of the Parliament Buildings, Otta\\'a, 677; The
latc :-:ir Wilfrid I aurier, 678; Obituary, 678.
XI'". EXTR \CT' "'RO)I THE C-\.X..\O.\ G.\ZETTE. .919.
Privy Councillors, 679; Liputcnant-Governors, 679; Xew Benators, 679: Xew )Iembers of the
House of Con mons. 679; Cabinet
rinisters and other Members of the Government, 680;
Judicial Appointments, 680; Commigsions, 680; Imperial Honours and Decorat
o
, 681;
ImperiaJ Service )Icdal, 681; Official Appointments, 681; Days of General Thanksglvmg, 682.
LIST OF ILL{'STR.\TIO
:"I.
[ap ofthe Dominion of Canada_ .. . .. ... . ... . . ... ... . .. ......... . Facing Contents.
Landing of the First Canadian Division at St. Kazaire, France, 1915. (From the painting by
EDG\R Ru
m\, A. R. -\.).... ..".. . . .' . . Facing
econd Battle of Yprl's, 1915. (From the painting by R. lACK, A.R.A.) . Faci.ng
Taking of \ïmy Ridge, 1917. (From the painting by
. JACK, A.R.A.).. '." . . . . . . . .. ... Fac
ng
:\Iaps of the Fa."itf'rn, \\('stern. Italian, Balkan, Palcstme and
fesopotamu
n Fr<:mts..... Fac!ng
urvivors of the Squadron of the Fort Garry Horse returning to the Canadmn Lmes..... FaC1.ng
\\ar in the Air. (From the paintinJl; by C. R. W. XEVI
SO
)... .............. Fac
ng
Canadian Troops enterin
)10118 at the close of the War. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . FacIng
Diagrams illustratin
the Paoer
makin
Industry: Pulpwood Consumptu
)l1 by Provmces, 1917-18;
Pulp manufactured by Provinces, 1917-18: PaDer produced by ProvIDces, 1917-18. ...... '.' .
Aggregate External Trade of Canada, 1901-1919 (Coloured Diagram). . FaC1ng
Course of \\ holesale Prices in Canada, 1918. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Course of Wholesale Priccs in Canada, 1890-1918 .......... . ., _ .., ...... .
Diagram showing Organization of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RATU
I: In line 4 on pagp 63, for II June 29" read" June 28."
1
14
14
16
29
41
52
240
289
480
481
626
XlI
RETROSPECTIVE INDEX.
SPECIAL ARTICLES IN CANADA YEAR BOOK 1913-1918. YEAR BOOK.
History of Canada. Prepared under the direction of ARTHUR G. DOUGHTY, C.M.G.,
LL.D., Deputy Minister, Public Archives of Canada. With 18 illustrations. . - . . .
Constitution and Government of Canada. By THOMAS BARNARD FLINT. M.A., LL.D.,
D.C.L., Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, Ottawa. With 8 illustrations.
Local Government of Canada: Maritime Provinces. By THO
IAS BARNARD FLINT,
M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, Ottawa. . .. .
Quebec. By C. J. MAGNAN, Inspector General of Roman Catholic Schools, Quebec..
Ontario. By ERNEST H. GODFREY, F.S.S., Editor, Census and Statistics'Office, Ottawa
lanitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. By the REV. CAPTAIN EDMUND H. OLIVER,
Ph.D., Principal of the Presbyterian Theological College, Saskatoon, Saskatche-
wan, and Chaplain of the IP6th I Western Universities) Uverseas Battalion.... . .
British Columbia. By S. D. SCOTT, Vancouver, B.C..... .. "" .... . . ... .......,...
Geology and Economic Minerals. By R. \'\1. BROCK, M.A., F.G.S., Deputy Minister
of Mines, Ottawa. With 5 illustrations. . . . . . . . . .. .... . .. . . . . . . .
GeoloS!:y in Relation to Agrii'ulture in ('anada. By WYATT MALCOLM, Department of
lines, Ottawa. With 4 illustrations ......... ......... . . . . . . . . .. ...... _ .
Flora of Canada. By J. M. MACOUX, C.l\I.G., F.L.S., ARsistant Botanist and Natural-
ist, Department of Mines,Ottawa, and M. O. MAI,TE, Ph.D., DominionAgrostolo-
?;ist, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. With 7 illustrations.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Faunas of Canada. By P. A. TAVERNER, Department of Mines, Ottawa. With 6 illus-
trations. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. ........ _ ... ............ .............. ...
Climate and Meteorology. By A. J. CONNOR, M.A., Climatologist of the Meteoro-
logi('al Service of Canada........ . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Survey of the Climate of Canada. By R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., Director
of the Meteorologic-al Servic-e of Canada, Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Resourc-es of the Dominion of Canada. By WATSON GRIFFiN, Department
of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa. With 10 illustrations.... . . ..... . .. ..... .... .
The Story of Confederation. By SIR JOSEPH POPE, K.C.M.G., C.V.O., LR.O., Lnder
e.('retary of State for External A ffairs, Ottawa. With 2 illustrations... ... . . . . . . .
Fifty Years of Canadian Progress, 1867 to H1l7. By ERNEST H. GODFREY, F.S.S.,
Editor, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa. ... ........ ..... , ... .
The Climate of Canada since Confederation. By SIR FREDERKK STPPART, Director,
Dominion Meteorological Service, Toronto.... . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .
Water-Powers of Canada. By J. R. CHALLTE"" C.E.(Tor.), l\LCan. Soc. C.E., Super-
intendent, Water Power Branch. Department of the Interior, Ottawa.......
1916-17
TABI.ES IN CANADA. YEAR BOOK, 1918.
'r.\BI.E Area and Population.
10. Male Population of Canada 18 to 45 years of age, classified according to Nstivity by Single
Years and by Provinces, Census, 1911...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . .. . ...................
11. Percentage Proportion by Provin('es of the Male Population, 18 to 45 years of age, which was
Canadian-born or Foreign-born on June 1, HHl.. . . .... .... . ..... . . .... .... . ...... .....
12. Percentage DistributlOn hy Provin('es of the Canadian-born, British-born and Foreign-born
Male Population, 18 to 45 years of age on June 1, 1911. . . .' . _ _. . .
Population Census of Prairie Provinces, 1916.
16. "Crhan and Rural Population of the Prairie Provinces, 1901-1916. .. ., " .. .. ...... .... ...
17. Origins of t.he Population of the Prairie Provinces, born in Canada. Lnited States, or else-
Yo'here, 1916.. . . .. ............ '" . . . .. ........ . . . . .. ..... ........... _ .. _
18.
Iale and Female Population of the Prairie Provinces grouped by age periods, 1916...... .. .
19. Conjugal Condition of the Prairip Provinces, UH 1 and HH6........ . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20. Proportion of Males to Females in Age Groups of Single, l\larried, Widowed and Divor('eçl,
1911 and 1916...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21. Birthplai'e of thø People of the Prairie Provin('es, 1911-UH6........ . ... ............. . .
2> Population of Prairie Province!', 10 years of age and over, whe' cannot speak EngIÜ;h, 1916. .
3. JIliterac-y by Sex in the Population, 10 years of age and over, HH6........ . .... ...... ... . '"
24. Citizenship of Foreign-born in Prairie Provinces, HH6....... . . . . . . . .. .... ................
25. Number and PeITentage of Forcign-born Males, by Birthplaces, naturalized, 1916. .........
Production.
Agricultural Census of the Prairie Provinces, 1916.
u. Total Area and Area of Land in Farms, 1911 and 1916. . .......... ................
u. Number of Farms, by Provin('es, 1911 find 1916. .. .. _ _ ... .......... ...
15. Distribution of Farms by Size of Holding and Tenure, 1916...... . . . .... ... . .. .. .
16. Classifi('ation of Farm Lands, 1911 and 1916..... . . . . . . . " . . . . .. . .. " .. '" . '" . ... .. . ...
17. Numhers of Farm Live Stock by Provin('ps and Classes, 1916.. ...... ............
If!.
lImbers of Farm Live Stock, 1911 and 1!116... . . . , . . . . . .. .'.......................
19. Numbers of Pure-brpd Live Rto('k in the Prairie Provincf's, 1911 and 1916.....
20. Fruit Production of the Prairie Provinces, 1915... .... . .. . . . . ... . . .
U. Yalue of Farm Propert.y, by Province", 1911 anri 1916 ....... . . . ... . . '" ....... . .... . . . . .. .
2') Values of Field and Animal Products and of all Farm Property, by Provinces, Hno and 1915
World's Statistics of Farm Live Stock.
of'!. Numbers of Farm Live Stock by Princ-ipal Count.ries of the World, 1907 and 1916...... .., ...
PAGE.
1913
1-29
1-17
1- 7
8-10
11-14
1914
1915
1915
1915
1915
1915
11-23
23-26
1913
41-46
34-38
1914
1915
43-55
55-63
113-122
128-139
1-61
1- 13
23-72
154-157
1915
1913
1914
1918
1918
1918
1918
2SI-283
P"'GE.
99-101
102
102
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
111
111
112
192
193
193
194
194
195
196-197
198
199
199
225-230
Finance.
21. General Statistics of Cities and Towns, 1917.... ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 497-498
22. Assessment and Valuation of Property of Cities and Towns, 1917...... .......... -. . . . . . . , . . 49S-500
23. Receipts, Expenditure, Assets and Liabilities of Cities and Towns, 1917.... . ... '" ....... " 501-502
N.R-For Similar Selections in previous issues, see 1914, p. "ii; 1915, pp. 604-5; 1916-17, pp. 706-8; 1918,
D.672
X11I
TIlE CA
.\D.\ YE.\R BOOK, 1919.
1'he
pp('ial fpatur
of the CalHHla \""par Book of 1919 is an
illustrat(
d lIi'oitory of the Grpat "a1', UH4-191ö, with appendice
Rhowin
the IltllUh('r of rpwards for
allantry and honourable service
rantcd to uH.'lnhprs of t IH
(1anadian Expeditionary Foree.
.\. n'organization of the' offi('ial stati
tic
of (\tuada, whieh is
now in progn'
s hy t h(' DOluinion Bureau of
tatistics, i:-: rl'flprted
hy illlJ)l'OYPlllt'llts in \yariou:-\ spctious, in('ludin
('
pl'('ially those of
Edueation (
l'ction \ ); rrradp and COllunprr(' (
('ction \TIII); Trans-
portation and COH1Hlunieations (
ection IX): and Finance (
ection
XI). In th(' la
t llauH'd section th(> Provincial Public .-\.ccounts,
:lÍtcr exhaustive analy:;i
, have' bl'e'n re('la
sifieù to pCrIllit uf true
eOlllparahility as h(,tween provincc and provincf' and as between .
one yenr and anot h('f.
In all sections i
ivpn the lat('st inforIllation availablf' up to
th(' tinH' of printill
, and all tlH
tablps incluùe, whcrever po
sible,
thc figurp
of 1 Úl
}. .\.rticlC':s and tahle
not rcquiring Llltpration or
hringing up to datp havp not Iwen l'Ppeated, hut are noted for purposes
of refel"encl' in the Hl.trospectivc Index on pagc xii.
The vohune has brpn editt'd hy 'II'. EU'\E::;T H. GODFREY, F.
.S.,
with the a
"i
t:.tnce of
rr.
. A. CrD
loR:g, Bu\.. (Oxon.) Grateful
acknowled
nlcnt:s of valuable co-operation are again tendered to
officcrb uf thp DOlninion and Provincial GovcrnnlPnt8 th,roughout
Canada, including
Ir. l{. E. GOSXELL, of the Dcpartrncnt of Public
InforIllation, for assistance. in COlllpiling thp record of principal
evpnts and legislation. Thp tables have been conlpiled by
lr.
JAME:-; ::;KEAD and :\11'. JO:-;EPH \YILKIXS, and the diagrams have
been dra,,-n by :\1r. R. E. 'VATT
.
R. H. COA T8,
DonlÍn
on Statistic1'an.
ÐO:\UXIOX BüREAU OF bTATISTICS,
OTTA'WA, June 30, 1920.
xiv
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA.
Area of the Dominion of Canada in square miles:-Land, 3,603,910: Water, 125,755: Total, 3,729,665.
Items.
Estimated population.. . No.
Immigration............No.
A
iculture-
Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Acres
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Barley. . . . .. . :. . . . . . "
Corn.. ...... . . . . . . . . "
Potatoes. . . .. . . . . . . . "
Hay and Clover. . . . "
Wheat............. .Bush.
.Jats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Corn. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . II
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . "
Hay and Clover. . . . Tons
Wheat.... .. . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Oats..... ...... .., ...... S
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S
Corn....... . . . ... ...... S
Potatoes. . . . .. .. . . . . . .., $
Hay and Clover........ S
Field Crops-
Total area....... .Acres
Total value...... ..... $
Live Stock-
Horses.... .... . . . . .. No.
Milch Cow:'!......... "
Other Cattle.. , . . . . . "
Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Swine............ .. . II
1914.
7,725,000
384,878
10,293,000
10,061,500
1,495,600
256,000
475,000
7,997,000
161,280,000
313,078,000
36,201,000
13,924,000
85,672,000
10,259,000
196,418,000
151,811,000
21,557,000
9,808,000
41,598,000
145,999,000
1915.
7,928,000
144,789
15,109,415
11,555,681
1,718,432
253,300
485,777
7,776,995
393,542,600
464,954,400
54,017,100
14,368,000
60,353,000
10,612,000
356,816,900
171,009,100
27,985.800
10,243,000
36,459,800
152,531,600
1916.
8,140,000
48,537
15,369,709
10,996,487
1,802,996
173,000
472,992
7,821,257
262,781,000
410,211,000
42,770,000
6,282,000
63,297,000
14.527,000
344,096,400
210,957,500
35,024,000
6,747,000
50,982,300
168,547,900
1917.
8,361,000
75,374
14,755,850
13,313,400
2,392,200
234,339
656,958
8,225,034
233,742,850
403,009,800
55,057,750
7,762,700
79,892,000
"13,684,700
453,038,600
277,065,300
59,654,400
14,307,200
80,804,400
141,376,700
1918.
8,593,000
79.074
17,353,902
14,790,336
3,153,711
250,325
735,192
10,544,625
189,075,350
426,312,500
77,287,240
14,214,200
104,364,200
14,772,300
381,677,700
331,357,400
77,378,670
14,214,200
102,235,300
241,277,300
1919.
8,835,000
57,702
19,125,968
14,952,114
2,645,509
264,607
818,767
10,595,383
193,260,400
394,387,000
56,389,400
16,940,500
125,574,900
16,348,000
364,857,000
317,097,000
77,462,700
22,080,000
118,894,200
338,713,200
33,436,675 39,140,,100 38,930,333 42,602,288 51,427,190 53,049,640
638,ã80,300 825,370,GOO 886,494,900 1,14:1,636,450 1,367,909,970 1,452,437,500
2,947,738
2,673,286
3,363,531
2,058,045
3,434,261
2,996,099
2,666,846
3,399,155
2,038,662
3,111,900
3,258,342
2,833,433
3,760,718
2,022,941
3,474,840
Horses............... ... S 371.430,363 373,381,000 418,684,300
Milch Cows........ .. ... $ 153,632,637 163,919,000 198,896,300
Other Cattle....... . . . .. $ 143,498,156 152,461,000 204,476,900
Sheep........ . . . . . . . . . ., S 14,550,710 16,226,000 20,927,200
Swine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 42,418,325 43,653,000 60,701,000
Total value........ .. ... $
Dairyingl-
Cheese, factory....... .Ib.
Butter, creamery..... .lb.
Cheese, factory........ $
Butter, creamery....... S
Iiscellaneous dairy
products... . .. . . . .. ... $
Total value dairy pro-
ducts................ S
Fisheries-
Total value. . . . . . . . . .. S
Minerals 1 -
Gold............... oz.
Silver............... II
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . ., lb.
Lead............... "
NickeL....... . ., .. . "
Pig Iron.. . .. ., . . . .. Tons
Coa1................ "
Cement. . . . . . . . . . . .. bb1.
Gold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Sil ver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S
Lead................... $
Nickel....... . . . . . . . . . .. S
Pig Iron................ $
Coal. .................. $
Cement.......... ....... S
Total value........ ... $
3,412,749
3,202,283
4,718,657
2,369,358
3.619,382
429,123,000
274,081.000
270,595,000
35,576,000
92,886,000
3,609,257
3.538,600
6,507,267
3,052,748
4.289,682
459, 155,OO{J
307,244,000
398,814,000
48,802,000
112,751,000
3,667,369
3,548,437
6,536,574
3,421,958
4,040,070
435,070,000
327,814,000
381,007,000
50,402,000
102,309,000
725,530,191 7t9,6!0,000 903,685,700 1,102,2Gl,000 1,326 766 000 1,296,602,000
183,887,837 192,968,597 194,904,336 174,878,313 167,734,982
83,991,453 82,564,130 87,526,939 93,298,348 101,554,131
27,097,176 35,512,622 41,180,623 39,456,532 44,805,794
24,385,052 26,966,355 34,274,218 41,859,156 55,182,422
18,424,485 26,025,162 33,665,277
93,879,326 1D7 ,3l0,
5U 133,653,493
33,
01,7J8
773,178
28.449,821
75,735,960
36,337,765
45.517,937
78.3,164
13,637,529
7,172,480
15,983,007
15,593,631
10,301,606
1,627,568
13,655,381
10,002,856
33,471,801
9,187,924
128.SG3,015I
31,26",631
918,056
26,625,960
100,785,150
46,316,450
68,308,657
913,775
13,267,023
5,681,032
18,977,901
13,228,842
17,410,635
2,593,721
20,492,597
11,374,199
32,111,182
6,977,024
35,860,708 { 39,208,378 2
52,312,04:4. 3 60,363,502 4
930,492
25,459,741
117,150,028
41,497,615
82,958,564
1,169,257
14,483,395
5,369,560
19,234,976
16,717,121
31,867,150
3,532,692
29,035,498
16,750,898
38.817,481
6,547,728
738,831
22,221,274
109,227,332
32,576,281
84,330,280
1,170,480
14,016,759
4,768,488
15,272,992
18,091,895
29,687,989
3,628,020
33,732,112
25,025,960
43,199,831
7,724,246
710,526
21,284,607
118,415,829
43,846,260
92,076,034
1,194,000
14,979,213
3,591,481
14,687,875
20,597,540
29,163,458
4,055,779
36.830,414
33,000,000
55,752,671
7,076,503
767,167
15,675,134
74,124,653
43,895,888
44,542,953
38,4.57
13,586,300
4,991,340
15,858,749
17,418,522
14,041,549
3,057,788
17,817,181
899,406
54,051,720
9,783,393
1 The figures for 1919 are subject to revision.
· Calendar year 1918.
137,920,759 177,201,53-1 189,6-16,821 210,204,970 173,075,913
2 Fiscal year 1916-17.
a Calendar year 1917.
xv
T.\TI
TICAL SUl1)I.\1t \ Of
Tn..: PRO(
RESS Ot
C.\S.'\D.\-con.
Items.
1914.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
514,88:1 ßSf),
38 692,067 680,238 -
1,994,103,272/3,070,105,730 2, 1 86,649,727 j 3,070, 105,730 -
289,764,503 b21\ t.i5!1,60Ð 553,305,675 b
8,6.'i9,605 -
1,407,137,140'3,451,'>84,040 3,015.577,940 3.451,584,040 -
409,418,836 741,610,638 1.151,375,768 1,540,027,788 1,216,443,806
455.446,312 507,817,159 845,356,306 962.543.746 916,429,335
- .. ' 'J
.. ...... '.
ManufacturesL- ,
Employees........... .No.
Capital. ............... I
alaries and '" ages. . . . ., S,
Products. ... ... . . . . . . . .. I
Trnde -
Exports'. . .. .. . . . .. ... . .., 431 ,5S
,43!l 1
Imports l ................. $ 618.457,144
Tot31 ,............... .II,e;)ð,(H...,,)
:C
Coin and Bullion-
Exports...... .. " .. ...... 23,560,704
Imports......... .. . . . ... 15,235,305
Tutal ... ... . S
Exports, dom
tic-
Wheat............ . . Bush.
\\ heat flour. ... . .. bbl.
Oats. .. ... . ... ..Bush.
llay. . . . . . . . . . . , . . .. Tons
Bacon. """ . . ., ... lb.
Butter....... ....... ..
Cheese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cc
\, heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S
\\ heat flour. . .... .. . . ... S
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... S
Hay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ... S
Bacon.. . . . . . .. . .. ... S
Butter. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .. S
Cheese........ ,...... ... S
Fishëries.. . .. ... .. . ... S
Forest produce...... .... S
Ianufactures............ S
Minerals.... . .. . . .. .. . S
Gold.. . . . .. ...... ... S
tiih-er l ..... ......... oz.
25,710,767 43,01l,439 57,9
.),116
639,625' 1,018,769 2,491,992 2,000,467
19,213,501 26.690.500 36,721,136 36,602,504
19,687,068 22,377,977 24,889,253 32,602,151
42,650,683 51,271,400 55,907,209 51,899,704
85,539,501 242,034,998 477,399,676 636,602,516
51,740,989 66,589,861 85,616,907 73,760,502
15,406,510 16,8,0,394 19,671,026 13,688,700
25,355,30.; I 27,794,566' 23,844,261 21,960,827
62,9!J9,71
' 111,046,30D 126,489,800 77,534,900
45,412,017 70,443,000 82,620,400 83,049,900
1,512,487 1,971,124 1,899,185 1,902,010
13,511),390 14,298,351 15,870,803 18,428,571
6,552,005 14,670,073 22,744,825 10,710,705
5.063,656 7,714,769 8,925,554 9,029,535
4,466,258 6,032,765- 6,817.034 8,684,031"
41,808,897
9,20.'),439
17,S79,783
492,208
120,622,092
13,659,157
152,207,037
96,985,056
99,931,659
15,193,527
7,666,491
39,046,058
6,140.864
35.223,983
37,137,072
70,551,901
5.1.';,429,130
77,514,508
9,202,033
19,758,478
6,'),612,400
79.164,400
1,826.639
19,519,642
8,6R4, 191
11,170,359
10,169,722
Imports for consumption-
Agricultural produce. . S
Animalsand their produce I
Fisheries.... .... ......... S
Forest produce.. ....... S
Manufactures............ S
Minerals. .. . . . , . . . . . .. .. S
Iiscellaneousl........ . .. S
Steam RaiI"aY8-
Iiles in operation .... .Xo. 30,795 35,57S, 37,434 38,604 38,879 38,896
CapitaL...............:. $ 1.808'
20'761 1 1'875'8
'
Jl.893'1
,j'774 1,985,!19,991 1,999,
82,494 2,009,909,510
Passengers '" ,....:\0 46,/02,280 46,3_2,03<> 49,027,671 53,/49,680 50./3/,294 78,371,716
Freight . . . . " .. Tons 101,393.989 87,204,838 109,6.;9,088 121,916,272 127,543,687 116,699,572
Earnings........ ...... . S 243,083,539 199,843,072 261,888,6541 310,771,479 330,220,150 382,976,901
Expenses... ., . ....... S 178,975,259 147.731,099 180,542.2511 , 222.890,637 273.955,436 341,866,509
Electric Railways7-
.Miles in operation.... No. 1,561 1,590 1,674 1,744 1,616 1,696
Capital.......... ... .... S 147,595,342 150,344,002 154,89,1},584 161,234,739 167,253,093 171,894,556
Passengers. ,.....,. No. 6H,7ù9,819 562,302,373 580,094,167 629,441,997 487,365,456 686,124,263
Freight..... .....Tons 1,845,923 1,433,602 1,936,674 2,333,539 2,497,530 2,474,892
Earnings......... . " . '" S 29,691,007 26,922,000 27,416,285 30,237,664 24,299,890 35,696,532
Expenses.............. S 19,107,818 18,131,842 18,099,906 20,098,634 17.535,975 26,839,070
53,544,539
29,880,211
2,331,772
16,7....9,413
417,555,537
71,694,173
41,896,804
52,449,384
27,873,9ìl
1,856,298
9,613,891
286,214,321
54,171,002
155,260.437
54,018,36f1
37,555,794
1,591,073
5,240,154
305,474,649
4R,022,694
90,174,628
69,768,892
54 ,9
9,204'
2,476,279 .
6,902,193
468,502,848
69,740,069
201,117,941
91,932,169
53,026,776
2,923,626
9,751,171
531,745,562
112,212,829
160,951.523
1 Including all establishmen
, irrespective of the number of employees; employee3 include outside
piece workers in HH5 and 1917. For 1918 the figures are preliminary and do not include outside piece
\\orkers. 2 Exports of domestic merchandise only. 3 Imports of merchandise for home consumption.
4 The figures for 1919 are (or gold exported to forei
n countries only. 6 Co.')pðr, fine, contained in ore,
matte, regulU:5, etc. 6 Coin and bullion included. 7 Statbtics for 1918 do not include 'Iontrea1
Tramway
.
XVI
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA-concluded
Items. 1914. 1915. 1910. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Canals- 263,648 244,919 212,143
Passengers carried. .No. 287,326 250,836
Freight.. . . . . . . . . . . . Tons. 37,023,237 15.198,803 23,583,491 22,238,935 18,883,619
Shipping (sea-going)- 14,982,393 13,132,944 12,616,927 14,789,781 15,780,160 11,694,613
Entered............. Tons
Cleared............ . " 14,586,093 12,269,642 12,210,723 14,477,293 17,006,967 13,566,780
Total... . . . . . . . . " 21,518,486 25,W,586 24,827,650 2i,2G7 ,0'14: 32,7
7,12ì 25,261,393
Telegraphs, Government, 9,933 10,488 10,699 10,924 10,950 11,428
miles of line... . . . . . . . . . .
TeleJP'aphs, other, miles of 35,128 36,484 38,552 39,196 39,438 37,771
line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P06tal-
l\Ioney orders issued.... . $ 109,500,670 89,957,906 94,469,871 119,695,535 142,959,168 142,375,809
Revenue.............. . $ 12,956,216 13,046,650 18,858,410 20,902,384 21,345,394 21,602,713
Expenditure... . . . . . . . . . . $ 12,822,058 15,961,197 16,009,139 16,300,579 18,046,558 19,273,584
Revenue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 163,174,395 133,073,482 172,147,838 232,701,294 260,778,953 312,946,747
Expenditure........... .... S 127,384,473 135,523,207 130,350,727 148,599,343 178,284,313 232,731,283
Gross debt................ $ 544,391,369 700,473,814 936,987,802 1,382,003,268 1.863,335,899 2,676,635,725
Assets... . . . . . '" .. .. .. . ., $ 208,394,519 251,097,731 321,831,631 502,816,970 671,451,836 1,102,104,692
Net debt.. . .. .. .. .... $ 335,996,850 449,376,083 615,156,171 879,186,298 1,191,884,063 1,574,531,032
Chartered Banks-
Capital paid up..........$ 114,759,807 113,982,741 113,175,353 111,637,755 110,618,504 115,004,960
Assets... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., S 1,555,676,935 1,596,424,643 1,839,286,709 2,111,559,555 2,432,331,418 2,754,568,118
Liabilities (excluding capi.
tal and reserves)...... S 1,309,944,006 1,353,629,123 1,596,905,337 1,866,228,236 2,184,359,820 2,495,582,568
Deposits l .... '... ... .... S 1,144,210,363 1,198,340,315 1,418,035,429 1,643,203,020 1,909,895,780 2,189,428,885
Savings Banks-
Deposits in Post Office.. S 41,591,287 39,995,406 40,008,418 42,582,479 41,283,479 41,654,920
Government.. . . . . . . . . .. S 13,976,317 14,006,157 13,520,009 13,633,610 12,177,283 11,402,098
SpeciaL.. .. . . .. . .. .. ... S 39,110,439 37,817,474 40,405,037 44,139,978 42,000,543 46,799,877
Loan Companies-
Assets.. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. $ 70,588,091 71,992,666 70,872,297 69,676,223 69,995,036
Liabilities.. . .. .. .. ... S 70,588,091 71,992,666 70,872,297 69,679,193 69,995,224
Deposits.............. $ 8,104,072 9.193,194 8,987,720 8,934,825 7,802,539
Trust Companies-
Assets. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... $ 10,740,640 7,306,350 7,826,943 7,656,292 8,836,137
Liabilities.. .. .. .. .... $ 10,743.400 7,306,350 7,826,943 7,656,292 8,836,137
Dominion Fire Insurance-
Amount at risk Dec. 31. $ 3,456.019,009 3,531,620,802 3,720,058,236 3,986,197,514 4,523,514,841
Premium income for year S 27,499,158 26,474,833 27,783,852 31,246,536 35,954,408
Provincial Fire Insurance-
Amount at risk Dec. 31. . S
Premium income for year S
849,915,678 891,299,821 1,000,541,101
3,902,504 4,081,815 4,185,851
Dominion Life Insurance-
Amount at risk Dec. 31..$ 1,242.160,478 1,311,616,677 1,422,179,632 1,585,042,563 1,785,061,273
Premium income for year S 41,094,095 45,106,678 48,093,105 54,843,609 61,641,047
Provincial Life Insurance-
Amount at risk Dec. 31 . . $ 1
Premium income for year S
348,097,229 415,870,273 239,126,190
5,311,003 7,397,193 4,821,839
lIncluding amounts deposited elsewhere than in Canada.
NOTE.
In the foregoing Summary the statistics of immigration, fisheries, (1914-17), trade, shipping, the
Post Office, the public debt, revenue and expenditure and the Poet Offi.1e and G
)Vernment Savings Banks
elate to tl}e fis.cal year ended M'].rch 31. A
ricultural, dairying, fisheries (1917-18), mineral, manufactur-
mg,. b
kmg, Insurance, lORn and trust compat;tie
' statistics relate to the calendar years and railway
stat
t
C8 to the years ended June 30. Canalstab8t
cs are those of the navigation se3.sons. The telegraph
8ta.tlstl
relate to the fiscal years for Government hne3 and to the calend:n ye3.rs for other lines.
1i
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OCTII\\l.::IT \rRlcA.
1915 . . "
AVAL WARFAHE.1915.......... ...
P,\RTlC1PATlO
1:\ THE \\ AR 01' TilE BRITL
II
OVERSE\S Do\n:\IO'l
'ND COW,,"IES. 1915
l:CONO\lIC RESULTS or THE \\ \H. 1915..... ..
OPEH\TI()'Ii
ON TilE \\ ESTER'i FRO'T, 1916..
C ÞPERATIO:\8 ON THE IT\LlAN' FRO
'T. 1916....
ÜPEUATIOS8 ON THE R\:s::,I\
FRO
T. 1916. .
TUE WAR IN TUE CU'C\Sl
A'IlD '1B80POT\-
MI\, 1916. . . . .
TUE WAR l"l AmlC', 1911;
AVAL WARFARE, 1916... .. . ... .
P \RTI('IP,\TIO
01' TUF BRITI"H 0, ER
E\S Do-
:\UXIONS AND COW:\IE
, 1!lIt}. .
P\GE.
1
3
7
8
10
11
12
12
13
13
13
1-1
I"
15
16
1
19
21
22
2:"!
EC'u'O\IIC En'ECTS OF THE W \R, 1916. _ . _ . .
OPt"R\TIOSS 0' THE WESTERN FRO:S-T, 191 ';'.
TUE hUHS FROXT, 1917. .
ÜPFIHTIO:\8 O'li TilE Rl:"SSI\S AND H.\:
I\:\ 1\ 'õ
FHO'liTS. 1 !1I7. . . . .. . . . .
:-;ERBI\S .\SD GUEEK FRosTS, 191';'.. ..
TilE W\R IS \rF"OPOT.\\f1\ AN'D _-\.SB, 191; .
THE W.\R IN' GER:\f\N E\ST AFRIC." 1917.
".\L W \RF.\RE, 1917................ . .
LN'TRY IXTO THE W'R OF THE UN'ITED
T\TES,
1917........................... ....
PARTllIP\TIO
or THE BRmSH O\'ERSE.\S Do-
"1(:\ IONS ASD COLONIES, 1917.... .
CCOXO\IIC EFrgcrs OF THE WAR, 1917 .... ..
OPER\TI0'li8 os Tf[E WESTERN FROST. 1918.
ÜPER\TIOXS ox THE IT.\LHN FnosT. 191
....
ÜPER\TlO'iS OS' THE ß \LK\" {.'ROST. 1918.
fHE W\R l"l A'il\.1918...................
EVE:\TS ox THE E\"TEHS FuoxT, 191'\ .
THEWARAT
E\,19IS.. ..... __..
P \RTtCIP.\TIOX or THE L SITED STATES A 'IlD THE
HRJTI
H OVER8E\
DO"IIXIO
IX THE
W'R, 1918.............. . .. ,
TEH\l8 m' PE\CE I\IPOSED BY THE ÅLLIE8, 1919
fHL TOLL or THE W\It. 1914-18. ..
P.\GE.
2-1
25
:JO
31
32
33
33
33
34:
34
3.5
3;
53
54
5-1
,J;}
57
23
60
61
Ii!
OIU(
I" 01.' TII..; n.\R.
lIE ueWf; uf the 1l1urder of the Austrian IIeir -\.pparent. <1ud
hi
wifc, in the streets of
('rajevo, the capital of the
proyincp of Bosnia. on June 28, IfH-l, calHP upon the
world lik,
tl thundl
rholt froIH a hlue sky. Denlon-
trations of popular indignation and hostility to Serbia
followed in Vienna and other Austrian cities. The
govenunent press ill ...\u
trin and Gerlllany at once
adopted the theory that the 1l1urder was the re:-;ult of a wide-spread
conspiracy in that country, although the assa
!-.in declared that he
alone was responsible for the deed. Threp weeks of olninoll
ilence
follo'\ed. On July 23, .Au
tria pre
pnt('d an ultÌIuatulll to
erbia which
it ,vas inlpu
ibIC' for that country to
cc('pt and relllain an independ-
ent state, anù to which ,vas attached a perenlptory delnand for its entire
acceptance in forty-eight hours. 'Yithin the pC'riod narned,
erbia,
with RUbsian approval, announced her \villingness to accede to all
the ...\.ustrian deruands except two, ,,
hich she desired should be
referred to the Hague Tribunal.
At noon, on July 28, Austria declared 'val' by an open telegl'arn,
and on the following night, the ....\.ustrian batteries on the left bank of
the Danube, and their gun boats in the river, began a bOlllbardment
of Belgrade, the Serbian capital. ...-\n invasion of that country followed
at once.
l\Ieanwhile, the British Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey,
lllade strenuous efforts to maintain peace. He proposed a European
f,')708-1
2
HISTORY OF THE GREAT 1rAR
conference to Ineet in London. France and Italy accepted without
delay. The German Government replied on July 27 that it would
accept mediation "in principle," reserving its right to assist Austria
if attacked. On July 30, Russia ordered a general mobilization of its
arn1Y. At midnight of July 31 the German Ambassador at St. Peters-
burg (no,v Petrograd) presented an ultimatum from his government,
requiring Russia to begin delnobilization \vithin twelve hours, or
before noon on the follo,ving day. As soon as the lin1Ìt nallied in the
uitimatuill had expired, both the German and Austrian Governments
ordered a general mobilization of their armies and navies, and at
seyen o'clock, that evening Russia was informed that a state of ,yar
existed bet,veen Germany and that country. On the same day, the
President of the French Republic signed a decree for general mobiliza-
tion, after receiving infonnation that Germany had presented an
ultin1atum to Russia, and ,vas beginning to mobilize, thus declaring
the intention of France to stand by its ally. Sir Edward Grey had
already instructed the British Ambassadors at Berlin and Paris to
ask ,vhether the neutrality of Belgium, in the event of war, would be
respected by Germany and France. The French Government replied
prolnptly in the affirmative, except in the event of son1e other po,ver
violating that neutrality, ,,,hen France might find herself compelled
in self-defence to act other"wise. On August 2 the German Government
required Belgium to take up an attitude of friendly neutrality by
pern1Ïtting Gern1an troops to pass through her territory for the
invasion of France, granting a time limit of twelve hours in which to
Inake a reply. On the night of August 1 German troops invaded
Luxelnburg and during the fonowing day, overran the entire Duchy
and entered French territory near Longwy. On August 3 France in-
fonned Gerrnany that a state of ,val' existed bet,veen them in conse-
quence of this invasion. K ext day the British Government sent an
ultimatun1 to Germany requiring that country to respect the neu-
trality of Belgium, ,vhich the Gern1an chancellor had already declared
it ,votlld be necessary to violate. Before this ,vas received, the
German troops had entered Belgian territory in force and attempted.
next day, to capture Liège, its chief industrial city, by direct assault.
Having undervalued the efficiency of the garrison, they attacked in
close formation and 'were repelled ,vith heavy loss. On August 5,
in consequence, the British Government declared the existence of a
state of 'val' between Great Britain and Germany, as having
begun at eleven p.m. on the preceding day. It is worthy of remark
that all belligerents sedulously abstained from Inaking a distinct
declaration of war. Italy announced its intention of relnaining
neutral on the ground that the ,val' undertaken by Austria was an
aggressive confiict.
For many years the governing classes in Gernlany had been
schooled in the belief that. this gigantic struggle between the great
po,vers of Europe was inevitable and must result in "world po\ver or
downfall" for Germany. They had diligently prepared for it by taking
every nleasure 'which the resources of the country would permit to
increase its military and naval strength. The deepening of the Kiel
canal had been accolllplished. This gave the navy a safe harbour
ORf(;[.\ of Till' n All
3
of refugr with outlet::; at one' into the Baltic and the North sea..
It ha
hl'l'n aptly ('olnpar{\o-.:ition to turn ('ffectively
upon thp I{u:')t'ian
afterward....
The course that would hc pursurd by Great Britain was a IHatter
of vitnl ÌIllportancp to both ('ountries. Thp (
('nnan ('haIH.'('lIor frankl
T
thought it incredible that Gr(,u't Britain wou}(l ri:-;k the existence of
her eJupir(' for the
ak(' of a In('rc ., scrap of paper" a::5 he bcornfully
de
('ril)('d the tr('a ty for t h(' Illaintellanc(' of Belgian ncutrality. If
(;rpat Britain I'{\nlainpd I}(.utral, the
up('riority of the G'PfllHUl and
.\u:-.trian fleets ,,-a:-- :--0 J!reat as to insure th('Ul naval
uprel11acy. The
Fr(,Ileh fenred that Briti:-;h a:,
istance, if given at all, \yould COIne
o
late :1!-' to be of sJnall ayail. rrhp d('('laration of ...\ugul-'t .5 was Inade
o proulptly a
to relicye then1 froll1 their WOI'
t apprehensions in
that respect.
OP}:R.\TIO:\
ox Tllt
"'}
ST";R
"'R()
T, 191-1.
On .A.ugu
t 6 thp GCl'lnans brought up their hea,"y howitzerR, and
ill the COUfse of the day, to the amazenl('nt of thc soldiers of other
n3tion
, drove the nelgian
out of t\VO of their :-.trongest forts at
Liègp. btiH thc Belgian re
istanc(' ,,"as obstinate and the Gennans lost
precious time in their advance.
onlc of the forts held out for many
day
, and as long a
this continued, it ,vas iIllpos
ible for them to
utilize the railway
to pas
the city in great force, and supply their
tfOOp
. This delay enabled the French and Briti
h annÍes to advance
and meet them on the frontier behveen France and Belgiunl.
A.::5 a diversion in favour of the Belgian
the first :French army
Blade a prelnature inroad into ...\lsace. ...'\' force based upon Belfort
cfos
ed the frontier and occupied \ltkirch on Âugust 7, and took
possession of the larg(-1 industrial city of :i\Iulhau
en next day. On
the 9th, ho\\yever, thi
forcp wa
attacked from two directions and
68708-H
4
HISTORl' OF THE GRE...4.T TrAR
driven out. It ,vas strongly reinforced and again advanced. There
\vas hard fighting on the lnarch, but on August 19, 1Iulhausen was
again taken ,vith seyeral batteries of Gernlan field guns and manV'
prisoners. The ,,
hole of TT pper Alsace ,vas apparently evacuated b)r
the Germans and the }1-'rench advanced to the Rhine.
The Gern1an nlobilization was completed on August 14, and on
August 19, the Belgian army was defeated at Louvain and driven into
...--\.ntwerp. On _\.ugu
t 20 the Gernlans occupied Brussels and levied
a huge war contribution. Their armies, estimated at nearly a lllillion
of men, ,vere rapidly advancing against the allied forces aStienlbling
near the Franco-Belgian frontier. T'he French nlobilization ,vas
coulpleted on August 1 ï, and on the same day it ,vas announced that
a British expeditionary force, consisting of five infantry divisions and
five cavalry brigades had actually landed in Frånce. The nlovenlent
of these troops, which began seven days before, had been kept a
profound secret. The main body of the French arnlY had in the first
instance occupieù a defensive position extending from Belfort to
l\fézières near the Belgian frontier, some seventy-five miles southeast
of Brussels. This had recently been extended ,vestward by the
Inovement of French troops and the British arn1Y to a line reaching
fronl N amur through Charleroi to 1Ions, the British army being 011
the extreme left near l\Ions. Another French army ,vas placed under
orders to COll1e upon the left of the British extending the line to the
fortress of Lille. It ,vas confidently expected that the ring of forts
surrounding N anlur and strongly garrisoned ,,"ould delay the Gernlan
advance for a con
iderable period. The oOInbardmellt of these forts
by heavy ho,vitzers began on the morning of August 22. They 'were
completely wrecked and surrendered on the afternoon of the 24th.
The falJ of this to,vn exposed the left flank of the allied anny to an
enveloping l1l0Venlent ,vhich the Germans ,vere not slow to undertake.
The Second French Army had forced the passes of the '
osges
lllountains and advanced into Lorraine. Their success in several snlall
engagements induced them to make an ill advised attack on a strongly
prepared position at :\Iorhange which \vas repelled \vith heavy loss
in men and gun
. They were closely pursued acro
s the frontier and
retreated to the south of Lunéville, which ,vas occupied by the Ger-
lllans. This entailed the retreat of the First _\.rnlY from Alsace, and
a large portion of it ,va
iU1nlediately sent by rail to the extrelue left
of the allied line to fonn a part of the ne"'
Sixth French Army which
was being organized near Amiens. Of twenty-five army corps of the
first line troops in the German army, all but four \vere now lllassed
for operations in France \vith the intention of luaking a rapid and
irresistible onslaught upon the allied al'Illies, ,vhich it was intended to
envelop by a double flanking movenlent in the hope of bringing about
another and greater Sedan. August 23 was a bad day for the allies.
One French anny ,va
defeated at Charleroi; another at Virton, in
advance of Nancy. The Sixth French .A.rroy failed to come up on the
left of the British, \vho had held their position near l\lons with great
difficulty and heavy losses. Consequently, they ,vere compelled to
retreat to avoid being turned on both flanks. Lille surrendered and
OJ'f:N.l TIOS:'. OX I'll F Irb'S1'FNY FHOXT, 1.'114.
.)
a p;l'nl'l'al retreat of thl' whole aHiet! left, frol11 \ erdull we
twHnl
began toward Pari
. 011 August 24. a flood of l
hlans swept through
t he north of France. 'fh('y oceupied Yal(,IH'i(,Jllle
, Denain and lUHny
other to"ons. rrhc First Gerluan AJ:lHY under Cenl'ral von 1\:Iu('k
l'oJltinued it
adY:lll('e at top speed, tryin
to ont ftallk t he British in
their retircDlent and dri\'e tht'lll toward
)I3uhpuge. The obviou
purpose of its ,vide s,,'cep ,vest ward "oas at on('(' to turn the :-;uccc
:siy('
('
('arplll('nts which forD1 the natural defences of Pnris to the eastward
:tnd eny('lop the oppo
in
forces. lInt fightin!!, took place at Landre-
cies on _\ugu
t 25, and next day at Le Cateau. 'fh(' losses on both
,ide
"y('re
eYrrr, but the British ,"ere obliged to ahanduJl IHany gUllS
on ('on tinuing t hC'ir retreat. Fighting took pln('(> t hnt day Oil a front
of ahuo
t one hundred nliles. \. ycry ficrce assault hy the Genna)}
in the nrighbourhood of Xancy
vas rept.Bed "yiÌh great 10:-;:-;.
::\lézière
W:l
ah:llldoBt'd hy the Frt'llch. "fhp nllicd forccH WPl'('
pu
hed back all along tht' liîlc on thcir left. On August 27 the old
frontier fortrrb
of Long,vy
urrendercd aft('l' a. bOlllbar(hnent of
..,;pycral days.
raubeuge ,vas invested. The Gernuuls advanced to
the forpst of the \rgonne. 'fhe French Ca billet re
iglled and \\'as
r(!placed Ï1nmediat
ly by a stronger one, General Gallièni was
appointed Governur of Paris. Arrangenlent
,yerr 111ådc for t)u'
remoyal of the French n1Ïni
try to }
ordpnux.
Large Russian armies had entered Eastern Prussia and Galicia,
where they had gained in1portant yictorie
. The inhabitants wel'(>
flying beforc theln in terror. Three GcrD1an arn1Y corps were pr0111ptJy
ent eastward by rail to oppoc;,;e the invaders. l'he GerIllan operations
in France \vere driven forward with furious energy and speed, regard-
less of losses and the ('xhaustion of the troop
, in the hope of ,vinning
deci
ive victory hefore tUl'ninJ! against their eastern enelny. 1'he
tired Dl('n ,,-ere ruthlessly spurred onward and renlinded of the Inilitary
lnaxiDl that "
"Yeat save
blood." A
their nlohilization ,vas more
effective than that of thc aHies, thcy still greatly outnumbered thelu
in the n Craco\v. The Austrian army was heavily
reinforced by Germans and the Russians retired to the line of the
'Yistula to protect 'Varsa"T. Here they were attacked and succeeded
in holding their ground in a battle of six days' duration, ,vhen a strong
force of cavalry enveloped the German left wing and forced thenl to
make a long and costly retreat. Early in December, the Russians
rene,ved the siege of Przemysl and again advanced towards Cracow.
The .L\..ustrian invasions of Serbia had been repelled with severp
loss and a Serbian aflny invaded Bosnia and besieged Serajevo. In
1\ ovember, the Austrian army ,vas reinforced, drove out the Serbians
and pursued them into their o\vn country. Belgrade 'vas bombarded
and laid in ruins. On December 5, the Serbian anny defeated the
invaders and recaptured Belgrade on the 14th.
)Iontenegro declared ,val' on Austria on August 7, and assisted
the Berbians in their invasion of Bosnia. On October 31, diplonlatir
relations between Turkey and the Allies were broken off. Follow-
ing upon a Germano-Turkish attack upon the Russian Black Sea coast,
Great Britain declared ,val' against Turkey and annexed Cyprus on Nov-
elnber 5, and France declared 'war next day. A Holy 'Val' against the
_\llies '1'as proclaimed by the Sultan on N ovenlber 25. The aHied
fleet bOlnbarded the forts at the Dardanelles. The Turks invaded
the Caucasian frontier of Russia, but were almost immediately driven
out. Troops from India landed at the head of the Persian Gulf,
and occupied the port of Basra on November 21. The Turks ,verf'
defeated by this force at I(urna on the Tigris on Decelnber 8, and the
richest part of the Delta ,vas occupied by the victorious troops.
XA \YAI.. AriD COLOXIAL WARFARE, 1914.
'Yith the entry of Great Britain into the ,val', the command of
the
eas passed into the hands of the Allies. It becanle no longer
p08!'ible for the reservists of Germany and Austria to return frolll
beyond the seas, and the conquest of the German colonies was an
easy nlatter. About half of the Gernlan shipping at the declaration
of '1'ar \vas on the high seas or in foreign and colonial ports. The
destruction of German commerce and the close blockade of her ports
must eventually acconlplish her ruin. Her fleet, however, still C0111-
nlanded the Baltic and enabled her to carryon a prosperous trade
'with Scandinavia, and the outer ,vorld through Scandinavian ports.
The Inain task of the British Grand Feet in the Korth sea was to
prevent Gernlan squadrons or single ships from reaching the Atlantic
or from remaining at sea any length of time without meeting a superior
British force. The first encounter of any nlagnitude took place in
the Bight of Heligoland on August 28. "Three German cruisers and
t".o torpedo boats ".ere destroyed.
.\.t \ ..tL
1X}) COIU.\/.1TJ lJ.1RF.1RE, 1.911,.
!)
Jn:1l1 (
l'1'Jnnn
quadrol1:-: nUHIC' flyillg raid
upon the English
port
Oil two occa
iolls. ..\pp('arin
off Yanllouth 011 Xovcmber 3,
1 hey eaused s(nuc danu\J!C'. and on l)ceenlher IG, the ports of 8r:11'-
horou!!h. Jlart1C'pool and ,rhitby ,,'er(' hOlllhardC'd and luany inhabi-
t ants killpd or woundC'(1. rrhp C
(,flllall (' "ui:--('l"s, which were then
at sca, "'cre able to inflict considerable danw.ge on Britifo\h and allied
:--hipping. rrll(
Illost successful of thesc ".crp thc J{arlsrl1he, the Emdf'n
ftnd the J
o'Ili!!:
hC'rg. Thc EnHIC'n 'was finally dC'
troyC'd by the Austra-
lian cruiser "
ydll(,Y" at tlH
Cocos islands on KOYClllbC'r 9, and
the ]
a.>nigsl>cr
'\'a
hottlpd up in the }{ufigi riypr in GC'rman Ea:-st
\frica, where :-;hc "a
uh:-:('qu(,lll1) ll<'stroypd. Un Xov(,lnber 3, a
Hriti:-:h :--qua(lrOll of thn>(' eruisers t'Ilcouutcred a (
('rn1an squadron
of nlut'h superior for('(' off t hC' harhour of Coroncl in (1hile. The
({(')"Juan ...\dnliral Yon ï'}>t't'
ki1fully taking :HIYallta
e of weather
('ollditioll
, SlH.'('('('ded in
il\ kill
t h(' .:\ r OllHlouth and Good Hope,
whilc thc third Briti
h \"(':-:....('1 p:-:capcd. \, hen thi
cyent becalne known
to thC'
\(hniralty, anothC'r
qlladroll of
up('rior strength ,vas
eenltly
('fluipppd and d(':-:pat('hpd l1Jldpr A.(hniral ðturdee in search of the
yictors. On the lllorllillg of U('eC'lllbcr 3, the Gennan squadron of
fiyp
hip:"\ wa
sighted off the Falkland island
and four of them ,,'cre
quickly dt':,troyed. 1'hf'Y ','('re gallalltly fought to the last.
:-,pyeral Briti
h ('rui
er
and de....troyer
wpre
unk by subnlarilles,
and on October 27 the " AudaciouH." a new super-dreadnought, ",as
:--unk hy a nlÏne off the north t'oa:--t of Irelalld. C
enllan nlcrchant
hipping was quiekly SWf'pt fronl the fac(' of the ocean, being cap-
t ured or intprncd in neutral ports.
The ,val' ngainst t h0 Gern1an OVCl":-:cas po
C
SiOllS ""as vigor-
()u
iy prosC'cuted. "-flu.' (
('nnan colony in
UHoa ,vas taken by an
t'xppdition froln X e". Zealand on _\ugust 2V. "-rhe Bisnlarck Archi-
pelago ,vas captured hy thc Austra1iHll
on Septe1l1bl\}" 12, and l{ing
'Yilli:ull's Land, and \. ap ill the Carolinp i:--lalld
were occupied by
thelll in the latter pHrt of thp sanlC nlOllt h. The colonial forces of
British bouth
\.frira inyaded Gcrn1an Houth 'Ye
t .Africa. Japan
dcclared "yar against [
ennflJ)Y on _\..ugu
t 23. In
epten1ber, a Japan-
C'se army. joined by a SHIan Hriti
h force. hC'siC'ged the fortress of Tsing-
tau ,,,hich surrendered on Xoyember 7. The
rarshan islands ,vere
occupicd by the Japane:-:p on October 6.
\n insurrection in South Afriea headed by Gellerals de 'Yet and
Bpyers was quickly
uppres[-;pd by the coloniàl forces.
...\ Canadian expeditionary force ,yas rapidly a
sembled in August,
1914. at the training eanip of \Talrartier, nC'ar QUf'bec, where it re-
Inained until transportation and a sufficient escort of ships of war
could be provided late in the foUo,ving n10nth; and on October 14,
this force consisting of approxin1ately 32,000 nl(
n arrived at Plyn1outh.
Contingents fronl Australia and K e'y Zealand ,vere transported to
Egypt.
-\ large force of British territorial troops ".a
despatched to
India, liherating an eXp{'ditionary force of Briti
h and Indian troops
for service in .France. The French Xinetpenth Arn1Y Corps from
\.lgeria ,vas conyeyed acro:,:, the :\Iediterranean unnlolested, and
great numbers of natiye troops ,vere recruited for service in the
French donlinions of AJrica and .A.sia, and brou
ht to France. Such
10
HISTORY OF THE GREAT n-AR
nlovElnents of bcop
,vould not have been practicable ,vithout
absolute control of the sea.
At the end of the, year, G-elmany had signally failed in her nlain
purpose of destroyÌI
g the French and British arnlie
, and afterward
in a very desperate effort to reach the Channel ports. She had,
ho,vever, overrun Belgium and remained in possession of a tenth of
the soil of France containing its nlost valuable nlines of coal and iron,
and several of its greatest industrial to\vns. .A..ustrian arnlies had
been soundly beaten by the Russians and
erbians, and the province
of Galicia had been lost.
OPERATIOXS ox THE WESTERX t
ROXT, 1915.
In January the Allies Inade three deternlined efforts to pierce
the G.erman lines in Alsace, in Chanlpagne, and at Souchez, north of
Arras. A French force crossed the Aisne near Soissons and gained a
precarious foothold north of the river. The strean1 ro
e in flood during
the night and carried a,vay most of the bridges, thus isolating thp
force on the north side. It ,vas a 
